UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY TREASURY DEPARTMEN AA 001183 384 5 UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE VENEREAL DISEASE ORDINANCES COMPILATION OF SUGGESTED AND ADJUDICATED ORDINANCES WHICH HAVE PROVED SUCCESSFUL IN COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES PR£PA2t£D BY DIRECTION OF THE SURGEOW GENERAL V. D. BULLETIN NO. 39 k .IAN 15 1938 WASHINGTOWs- GOVERNMENT PRINTING*b^gICE 1919 TREASURY DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ENEREAL ORDINA DISEASE NCES COMPILATION OF SUGGESTED AND ADJUDICATED ORDINANCES WHICH HAVE PROVED SUCCESSFUL IN COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES PREPARED BY DIRECTION OF THE SURGEON GENERAL V. D. BULLETIN NO. 39 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 PREFACE. These measures are recommended for municipal enactment, with tlie suggestion that in every case they be examined by competent local counsel for changes in form, or in substance if necessary, dictated by special constitutional, legislative, or charter considerations. It is manifestly impossible to prepare forms of ordinances which Avillj in the original wording, exactly fit the varying local requirements. The pui'pose of the several ordinances contained in this pamphlet is only to suggest in substance desirable and effective legislation. Changes in titles, enacting clauses, penalty provisions, and other formal or administrative details generally may be found necessary. It is presumed that every city has general legislation prohibiting prostitution, pandering, and the keeping of disorderly houses, and the suggested measures are supplemental to such general legislation. Each of these suggested ordinances has been in successful opera- tion in different cities and has been found effective in its particular phase of the general fight on prostitution as the greatest cause of the spread of venereal diseases. Therefore, it is further suggested that alterations of text be con- fined as much as possible to purely formal considerations. COMPILATION OF SUGGESTED AND ADJUDICATED ORDINANCES WHICH HAVE PROVED SUCCESSFUL IN COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES, WITH EXPUNATIONS OF EACH ORDINANCE. To combat effectively the spread of venereal diseases, opportunity for contact between divseased persons and their prospective victims must be made difficult and reduced to the lowest degree. Infected men and women who will not take treatment for their ailment or who, by their conduct, expose healthy persons to infection, should be recog- nized as a dangerous menace to the community and be isolated. Most contacts which result in disease come from acts of prostitution. This institution has heretofore been thought necessary by some j)eople who are otherwise regarded as intelligent. The disease feature of prosti- tution was either ignored or regarded as an acquisition to be antici- pated by all normal men. That commercialized prostitution could be suppressed has been denied. Many lessons have been derived from the world war. Not the least of these has been from the Government's successful war on venereal diseases and the greatest cause of its spread — prostitution. In mobilizing the tremendous force of man power and wealth to preserve the Nation, the large waste due to preventable causes was reduced wherever possible. Recognizing that a soldier infected with venereal disease was imfitted for service and, in addition, became a drain on the resources of the country. Congress passed legislation giving jurisdiction to the Federal authorities to suppress prostitution in the vicinity of cantonments and Army camps. As a consequence of the enforcement of these laws and of instruction given to the men on the danger of venereal diseases, the American Army achieved the lowest rate of noneffectives due to venereal diseases in its history, and the lowest rate of any large army in the world. Unfortunately, the Government had no poAver to protect young men of the country prior to induction into the service. That, of course, was a matter of State and municipal law enforcement. Of the 200,000 cases of venereal disease in the Army, over 160,000 were brought in from civilian life. The contrast is an astounding one. Notwithstanding that millions of young men were taken from home restraint and required to live rugged lives in camp and bar- racks, the percentage of venereal infection was only one-sixth of that of the men coming into the Army fresh from home. 7 8 VENEREAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. Comparisons with conditions existing in other armies demonstrate that this remarkable achievement is due to the program of the Army authorities in stimulating strict enforcement of laws against prostitu- tion, together with proper instruction on the dangers of venereal diseases. Every city, large or small, can make a record of freedom from venereal diseases by adopting and enforcing measures directed against the cause of their spread. At the request of the Government, many cities passed ordinances recommended, and by energetic enforcement thereof showed a wholehearted cooperation. To aid all cities to combat successfully the spread of venereal dis- ease several ordinances have been compiled. Selection of these is based on the splendid results reported from many cities where they have been vigorously enforced. It should be understood, however, that something more than the mere adoption of these ordinances is necessary to accomplish results. Prostitution is an age-long evil and dies hard. Many unscrupu- lous people are willing to receive profit by assisting in its perpetua- tion. As public opinion awakens and remonstrance is made, those engaged in the "profession" become more secretive in conducting the business. The prostitutes are driven from the street-floor cribs, in open red- light districts, to upstairs rooms. If parlor houses are closed, the inmates seek other quarters. The point to be constantly kept in mind is that prostitution must be suppressed, no matter in what form it finds expression. It should be relentlessly harassed until the profit is altogether gone and opportunity for its disease-spreading votaries to transact business is eliminated. That requires constant vigilance on the part of officials. No mayor or laiv- enforcing oj^icial with self-respect should admit his hiahility to cope successfully with disease-spreading prostitutes who are dedicating their lives to the destruction of the human race. Such an admission is one of incompetence and unworthy the trust reposed in him hy the community. If the vice interests and prostitutes ply their trade in hotels and rooming houses, the practice can be stopped or the hotels closed. By removing the base of operations, opportunity for business is reduced. If the prostitute works in league with taxi drivers, means can be made available for suppression of this traffic. Prostitution.^ with its spread of venereal diseases., flourishes only when city oficials tolerate it, or are complacent in their efforts to destroy it. Men and women engaged in the trade readily under- stand whether the authorities are really in earnest or merely making spasmodic efforts for effect. Occasional raids and imposition of fines VENEREAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. 9 are adjuncts of the business and not to be feared. But when word goes forth that a city has determined to free itself for all time of syphilis and gonorrhea spreaders and that the machinery of law will be merciless in its enforcement, the prostitutes and pimps have reached the end of their business career in that city. Many prostitutes quit their business when the avenue for opera- tions is closed. While moral reformation does not necessarily fol- low, "the business" is no longer profitable. Most prostitutes look forward to the day when they can " quit the life," and a large num- ber gi-asp this opportunity of so doing. It is a misdirected chivalry that bewails the " persecution " of prostitutes. They recognize that the most terrible injustice to themselves is to require or permit them to remain prostitutes. Some of the women go to other cities where the authorities, through neglect of duty, extend a tacit welcome to new spreaders of virulent disease. Is your city, through lack of laws or enforcement thereof, waiting with open arms the coming of disease carriers, so that your boys and eventually your girls will be infected with the most terrible scourge of civilization? A few years ago every city had a red-light district, some with hundreds and thousands of inmates. In addition, hundreds of prosti- tutes, more exclusive in their patronage, were scattered in hotels and private homes. Where are all these women and their successors now? An enlightened public has closed the districts and notwith- standing our increased population the number of professional prosti- tutes is far smaller. The United States Public Health Service, with the cooperation of State boards of health, is determined to wage a relentless and suc- cessful war on venereal diseases. It is the desire of the Public Health Service to have healthful conditions prevail throughout the country. To achieve this the assistance and cooperation w^ith their State board of health of every city and village is indispensable. Following is an explanation of each ordinance, with object sought to be accomplished, and copies of such ordinances : 114463°— 19 2 ORDINANCE A. GENERAL VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL ORDINANCE. Ordinance A provides for the comlmting of venereal diseases. Many of the States, through the State boards of health, have adopted similar regulations. Manj^ of the State legislatures have also enacted into law the same provisions. It is generally observed that general health regulations are not enforced to the proper extent by police officers. The matter of enforcement is usually left to the health officials themselves. It is highly desirable that the cities enact this ordinance, so that the police in incorporated cities will be charged with an important phase of the venereal-disease program, i. e., the apprehension of pimps and prostitutes. In a large degree the. sup- pression of prostitution is a city problem and the prostitutes are tried in the municipal courts. The ordinance provides that all prostitutes and persons reasonably suspected of having venereal disease in the infectious ^stages shall be examined by the health officer or under his direction. Unless the State makes available a detention hospital, it is the duty of the city to provide a place where diseased prostitutes can be detained and treated until danger of infection is over, A woman regularly en- gaged in the practice of prostitution may have from 5 to 30 or more contacts in a working day. It is readily evident that a diseased prostitute during the course of a few day's operations may infect large numbers of men. who, in turn, carry the disease to their wives or other women. It is of paramount importance that every carrier of disease who by his or her conduct is liable to expose others to infection should be isolated where such opportunity will not be present. If a house is on fire, the energy of the firemen is expended in quenching the flames in the house where it originates and, if not too late to do so, to confine the blaze to such house, thereby preventing the spread to adjoining buildings, which means a general conflagration. Without similar control of venereal-disease carriers, there is grave danger of a large percentage of healthy men and women eventually becoming infected with the disease. 10 ORDINANCE A. An Ordinance Providing for the combating of venereal diseases, and declaring an emergency. The city of does ordain as follows: Section 1. Venereal diseases dangerous to pttblic health. — ■ Syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid, hereinafter designated venereal diseases, are hereby recognized and declared to be contagious, infec- tious, communicable, and dangerous to the public health. Sec. 2. Venereal diseases to be reported. — It shall be the duty of every licensed physician, of every superintendent or manager of a hospital or dispensary, and of every person who gives treatment for a venereal disease, or is. consulted by a person having venereal disease, or makes a diagnosis of a case of veneral disease, to mail to the city health officer of the city of a card supplied by said health officer, stating the age, sex, color, marital condition, and occu- pation of such diseased person, the nature and previous duration of such disease, and its probable origin or source of infection, such card to be mailed within three days after the first examination of such diseased person : Provided^ That, except as hereinafter required, the name and address of such diseased person shall not be reported to the city health officer. Sec. 3. Persons infected with venereal diseases to be given a circular of information. — It shall be the duty of every licensed physician and of every other person who treats a person infected with venereal disease to give to such person at the first examination a circular of information and advice concerning venereal diseases furnished by the city health officer and, in addition, to give to such diseased person a copy of this ordinance and to report to the city health officer that such diseased person has received the two docu- ments herein specified. Sec. 4. Change of physician to be reported by patient to physi- cian FIRST consulted. — When a person applies to a physician or other person for treatment of a venereal disease it shall be the duty of the physician or person consulted to inquire of and ascertain from the person seeking treatment whether such person has heretofore consulted with or been treated by any other physician or person; and if so, to ascertain the name and address of the physician or person last consulted. It shall be the duty of the applicant for treatment to furnish this information, and a refusal to do so or falsely stating the name and address of the physician or person con- sulted shall be deemed a violation of this ordinance. It shall be the duty of the physician whom the applicant seeks to and does consult or employ to notify the physician last consulted or employed of the change of advisers, such notification to be made upon a form fur- nished for that purpose by the city health officer. Should the physi- 11 12 VENEEEAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. cian or person previously consulted fail to receive sucli notice witliin ten days after the last appearance of such venereally diseased person, it shall be the duty of such physician to report to the city health officer the name and address of such venereally diseased person. Sec, 5. Protection of others from infection by venereally dis- eased PERSONS. — Upon receipt of a report of a case of venereal dis- ease by name it shall be the duty of the city health officer to institute such measures for the protection of other persons from infection by such venereally diseased person as said health officer is already em- powered to use to prevent the spread of other contagious, infectious, or communicable diseases. Sec. 6. Eeforts to be confidential. — All information and reports concerning persons infected with venereal diseases shall be confiden- tial and shall be inaccessible to the public, except in so far as pub- licity may attend the performance of the duty imposed upon the city health officer by this ordinance and the rules of the State board of health and law^s of the State cf . Sec. 7. Parents responsible for the compliance of minors with the requirements of regulations. — The parents of minors infected with venereal diseases and living with said parents shall be legally responsible for the compliance of such minors with the requirem-ents of this ordinance. Sec. 8. Suspected cases to be investigated. — In all suspected cases of venereal disease in the infectious stages the city health officer shall immediately use every available means to determine whether the per- son or persons so suspected of being infected are suffering from said diseases, or any of them, and whenever any one of said diseases is found to exist the city health officer shall, whenever possible, ascer- tain the sources of such infection. In such investigations the city health officer is hereby vested with full powers of inspection, exami- nation, and isolation of all persons as provided herein. Sec. 9. Powers and duties of health oi'ficer. — It is hereby made the duty of the city health officer and he is hereby directed and em- powered : (a) To make examinations of persons reasonably suspected of hav- ing syphilis in the infectious stages, or chancroid, or gonococcus in- fection (owing to the prevalence of such diseases among prostitutes, pimps, procurers, persons gnilty of lewd and lascivious conduct, and persons who associate w^ith prostitutes, all such persons shall be con- sidered within the above class). (h) To quarantine or isolate pei'sons infected with any of said dis- eases whenever quarantine or isolation is necessary to protect the public health. In establishing quarantine the city health officer shall define the limits of the area in which the persons reasonably sus- pected or known to have syphilis, chancroid, or gonococcus infection and his or her immediate attendant are to remain, and no persons, other than the attending physicians, shall enter or leave the area without the permission of the city health officer. {(■) In maldng examinations and inspections of women for the pur- pose of ascertaining the existence of syphilis, chancroid, or gono- coccus infection, to appoint women physicians for said purposes where the services of a woman physician are requested or demanded by the person examined. YENEEEAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. 13 {d) In cases of quarantine or isolation, not to terminate said quarantine or isolation until the cases have become noninfectious. {e) Cases of gonococcns infection are to be regarded as infectious until at least three successive smears taken not less than forty-eight hours apart fail to show gonococci. (/) Inasmuch as prostitution is the most prolific source of syphilis and gonococcus infection, the city health officer and all other officers shall use every proper means of suppressing the same, and all such, officers are hereby prohibited from issuing certificates or other evi- dence of freedom from venereal diseases. {g) To keep all records of said inspection and examinations from public inspection and to make every reasonable effort to keep secret the identity of those affected by venereal disease control measures, as far as maj^ be consistent with the protection of the public health. Sec. 10. Detention hospital. — It shall be the duty of the city health officer to use only such building or buildings for isolation purposes under this article as shall be first provided or accepted by the city council. The city health officer shall make suitable adminis- trative rules for the conduct of said hospital. Sec. 11. Isolation. — Whenever it is necessary for the protection of the public health that persons infected with venereal diseases be isolated, the city health officer shall isolate such diseased persons in said detention hospitals and cause to be administered to such persons a proper course of treatment. Sec. 12. In lieu of quarantine or isolation, the city health officer may, when he deems it to the best interest of the public, release a A^enereally diseased person under the following agreement, which shall be signed by such person: I, , residing at , liereby acknowledge the fact tliat I am at this time infected witli and agree to place mj'self binder the medical care of , (Name of physician or clinic.) , within hours, and that (Address.) I will remain imder treatment of said physician or clinic until released by the health officer of , or until my case is trans- ferred with the approval of said health officer to another regularly licensed physician or an approved clinic. I hereby agree to report to the health officer within four days after beginning treatment as above agreed, and will bring with me a statement from the above physician or clinic of the medical treatment applied in my case, and thereafter will report as often as may be demanded of me by the health officer. I agree further, that I will take all precautions recommended by the health officer to prevent the spread of the above disease to other persons, and that I will not perform any act which would exjwse other persons to the above disease, and especially the act of sexiial intercourse. I agree, until finally released by the health officer, to notify him of any change of address and to obtain his consent before moving my abode outside his jurisdiction. (Signature.) (Date.) All persons signing the above agTeement .shall observe its pro- visions and any failure so to do shall be a violation of this ordinance. All such agreements shall be filed with the health officer. 14 VENEREAL DISEASE OKDIKANCES. Sec. 13. Spread of venereal, diseases unlawful. — It shall l->e unlaw- ful for anj- person to infect any other person with any of the said venereal diseases, and it shall be unlawful for any person to perform or commit any act which exposes any other person to infection witli any of the said diseases. Sec. 14. Druggists to keep record of sales of drugs for venereal DISEASES. — Any druggist or other person who sells any di'ug, com- pound, specific, or preparation of any kind used for or reasonably intended to be used for the cure of any of said venereal diseases shall keep a record of the name, sex, and address of the person making such purchase. A copy of said record shall be mailed each week to the city health officer, on blank to be furnished by the health officer. Sec. 15. Order of city health officer. — It shall be unlawful for any j^erson to neglect or refuse to obey any order of the cit}' health offi- cer authorized by this ordinance or to interfere with or obstruct said officer in the performance of his duties herein required. Sec. 16. Violations. — Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500) or by imprisonment in the city jail for a period not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprison- ment. Sec. 17. Emergency. — Inasmuch as this ordinance is necessarv' for the immediate preservation of the public health, peace, and safety of the city of in this: That said diseases are so prevalent that steps must be taken immediately to control their spread, there- fore an emergency is hereby declared to exist, and this ordinance shall be in force and effect from and after its passage by the council. NoTH. — 1. The power to arrest, examine, and detain venereallj' infected persons whorfc condition is such as to spread disease is within the police power. Ex parte Hardcastle (Tex.), 208 S. W., 531 (decided Jan. 22, 1919.) State ex rel. McBride v. Superior Court of King County (Wash.), 174 Pac, 973 (decided Aug. 22, 1918). 2. Laws or ordinances enacted under the police power for the protection of the public health, reasonably adapted to that end, are not unconstitutional because they may inci- dently deprive individuals of their property or its use without compensation or interfere ■with their personal liberty. Cal. Reduction Co. v. Sanitary Reduction Works, 199 U. S., 306; 50 L. Ed., 204. 3. " The tendency of judicial and public opinion is to translate the maxim salun populi suprema lex — the public health is the highest law — and whenever a police regulation is reasonably demonstrated to be a promoter of public health all constitutionally guaranteed rights nitist give way." Tiedeman, State and Federal Control of Persons and Property, par 169 Soe also Freund on Police Power, sec. 446 ; MeCJehee, Dtte Process of Law. 301 ; Barbier v. Connollv, 118 U. S., 31 ; Haverty et ux. r. Bass, 66 Me., 73 ; Hurst v. Warner, 47 Am. St. Rep., 543 ; State v. Milwaukee, 133 Am. St. Rep., 1061. 4. Health ordinance of the city of Seattle providing for quarantine of venereally in- fected persons not only held reasonable and constitutional, but a statutory provision that the opinion of the State health officer be final as t<> whether or not a persaa Is infected with dangerous, contagious, or infectious disease was sustained. State ex rel. McBride v. Superior Court, supra. ORDINANCE B. HOTEL AND ROOMING HOUSE LICENSING ORDINANCE. Ordinance B is the hotel and rooming-honse licensing ordinance. The license feature is not for revenue purposes but is designed to give power of regulation. Since the closing of red-light districts I)rostitutes have sought refuge in hotels, rooming houses, and lodging houses. In the cheaper hotels they are very welcome, because high rentals are exacted. Many prostitutes conduct rooming houses as a shield to their principal occupation. In other places so-called cham- bermaids and hired help are there solely for purposes of prostitution. In the more pretentious hotels prostitutes will operate through the connivance or assistance of bell boys and elevator operators. It should be understood without question that rarely could prostitution be carried on without the knowledge and consent of the manager of such hotel. This ordina-nce requires that a licensee shall be of good moral char- acter. It also makes unlawful the usual subterfuges. Realizing the difficulty of convicting the proprietor of a hotel before a jury of an actual criminal offense involving criminal intent, revocation of the license is vested in the city council, or power that grants the license, upon a proper showing. This ordinance is not intended to supplant the injunction and abatement law but will be found more adaptable. In cities where this ordinance has been properly enforced prostitu- tion has been reduced to a minimum. A hotel proprietor was forced to conduct strictly legitimate business or close house. 15 ORDINANCE B. An Ordinance Providing for the reguliition of hotels, rooming houses, antl lodging houses within the city of , providing penalties for the violation thereof, and declaring an emergency. The city of does ordain as follows : Section 1. That no person shall conduct, keep, manage, operate, or cause to be conducted, kept, managed, or operated, either as owner, lessor, lessee, agent, or attorney, any hotel, rooming house, or lodging house within the corporat^a limits of the city of without having first obtained a license from the city of so to do. All said licenses shall be issued annually and shall expire December thirty-first of each year. The fee for each license shall be one dollar ($1.00), and no license shall be issued for less amount. Sec. 2. For tlie purposes of this ordinance the word " person '* shall mean and include natural persons, copartnerships, corporations, and associations, and shall include persons of both sexes. The word " house " shall mean and include liotels, rooming and lodging houses. Sec. 3. The commissioner of public safety shall examine into and investigate the character and qualifications of applications for licenses within the meaning of this ordinance a)id report to the council his recommendation as to whether or not a license shall be issued to such applicant. Sec. 4. Nothing in this ordinance contained shall be construed to deprive the city of power to revoke an}^ license issued as herein pro- vided. Sec. 5. No license shall be issued to any i:>erson to conduct a hotel, rooming house, or lodging house within the city of unless such person is of ascertained good moral character; and when appli- cation for such license is made the applicant shall present himself in person to the commissioner of public safety, and at such time present to said commissioner satisfactory proof of good moral character. When application for a license is made by or on behalf of a copart- nership, corporation, or association, such application shall be made by the manager, officer, agent, or other person who will have the charge and management of such hotel, rooming house, or lodging house. Sec. 6. No license issued as in this ordinance provided shall be transferred or assigned. Seo. 7. No person to whom a license vsliall be issued, as provided in this ordinance, shall suffer or permit the hotel, rooming house, or lodging house to which such license relates to be used as a house of ill-fame, brothel, bawdy house, or disorderly house, for the purpose of prostitution, fornication, or lewdness; or suffer any lascivious co- habitation, adultery, fornication, or other immoral practice to be carried on therein. Sec. 8. Every person to whom a license shall have been issued to conduct a hotel, rooming or lodging house shall at all times keep a IG VENEREAL DISEASE ORDHJTANCES. 17 standard hotel register, in which shall be inscribed the names of all guests or persons renting or occupying rooms in such house, which register shall be signed by the person renting a room or rooms, or by some one under his direction. Such registration must be made, and after the name or names so inscribed or registered, the manager of the house, or his agent, shall write the number of the room or rooms which such guest or person is to occupy, together with the time when such room is rented. All of which shall be done before such person is permitted to occupy such room or rooms. Such register shall be at all times open to inspection by any guest of the house wherein such register is kept and to any executive or peace officer of the city of or of the State of . Sec. 9. It shall be unlawful for any person to write or cause to be written in any hotel register any other or different name than the true name of such person or the name by which such person is gen- erally known. Sec. 10. No one room shall be assigned to two persons of the oppo- site sex except in the case of children accompanied by parent or guardian, unless such persons shall be registered as husband and wife. Sec. 11. Any person to whom a license shall have been issued, as provided in this ordinance, shall cause each sleeping room and apart- ment in such house to wliich such license relates to be numbered in a plain and conspicuous manner, the number to be placed on the out- side of the door to such room, and no two such doors shall bear the same number. Sec. 12. Where a license shall have been issued to any copartner- ship, corporation, or association to conduct a hotel, rooming house, or lodging house, any person having charge, management, or control of such hotel, rooming house, or lodging house shall be liable to prosecution for any violation of this ordinance. Sec. 13. For the purpose of determining the liability of any per- son or persons to prosecutions for violations of any of the provisions of this ordinance it shall be sufficient to show that such person was at the time of the act of violation complained of the person in actual charge, management, or control of the house in which such act is alleged to have been committed. Sec. 14. It shall be the duty of every person to whom a license is issued, as provided in this ordinance, to display such license in a conspicuous manner in the office of the hotel, rooming house, or lodging house to which said license relates. Sec.15. Any officer of the city of shall have the right to enter into and upon the premises of any hotel, rooming house, or lodging house for the purpose of inspection, at any reasonable hour. Sec. 16. The council may cancel any license issued hereunder for violation of any provision hereof. Before such cancellation, how- ever, the licensee shall be notified and shall have a hearing before the council if demanded. Sec. 17. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordi- nance, upon conviction thereof in the municipal court, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $500.00, or by imprisonment in the city jail of the city of for a period not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 114463°— 19 ^3 18 VENEREAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. Sec. 18. Inasmuch as this ordinance is necessary for the ininie- diate preservation of the public health, peace, and safety of the city of in this, that many rooming and lodging houses in the city are being conducted by persons not of good moral character, and are being used for iimnoral purposes, now, therefore, an emer- gency is hereby declared to exist, and this ordinance shall be in force and effect from and after its passage by the council. ORDINANCE C. AN ORDINANCE REGULATING PUBLIC VEHICLES. A strictly modern form of soliciting prostitution has developed since the closing of open houses. In many cities men desiring to meet immoral women can gratify their wishes by employing the first taxi driver they meet. For hire public automobiles in general have proved a very perplexing problem. The women will have quarters in out-of-the-way places and receive customers through the paid assistance of these chauffeurs. To remedy the evil this ordinance has been prepared. In addition to the penalty provided for violation of the ordinance, the chauffeur's license should bo revoked. 19 ORDINANCE C. An Ordinance Prohibiting the use of public vehicles for immoral purposes, pro- viding a penalty for the violation thereof, and declaring an emergency. The City of does ordain as follows : Section 1. It shall be unlawful for the driver of any public vehicle to permit any person to occupy or use such vehicle for the purpose of prostitution, lewTlness, or assignation with knowledge or reasonable cause to know that the same is or is to be used for such purposes, or to direct, take, or transport or offer or agree to direct, take, or transport any person to any building or place, or to any other person, with knowledge or reasonable cause to know that the purpose of such directing, taking, or transporting is prostitution, lewdness or assig- nation. Sec. 2. The terai public vehicle, as used herein, shall mean and in- clude cabs, taxicabs, for hire automobiles, and all other vehicles of a similar nature engaged in the transportation of persons for hire. Sec. 3. Any violation of this ordinance by the driver of any public vehicle shall be sufficient gi'ound for the revocation of any license issued to said driver, or for the operation of such public vehicle. Sec. 4. (Penalty clause.) Sec. 5. (Emergency clause.) 20 ORDINANCE D. AN ORDINANCE REGULATING PUBLIC DANCE HALLS. Ordinance D is a model dancing-hall license. It is designed to prevent much delinquency now traceable to certain imregiilated amusements. The impression should not be gained that it is desired to destroy pleasure. On the contrary, all agencies combating venereal disease desire wholesome means of recreation and enjoyment made available to all young men and women. The fact must be faced, nevertheless, that in tracing the source of moral delinquency and venereal disease infection, the unregulated dance hall has contributed the largest num- ber of such delinquents. The ordinance is intended to remove undesirable features now ex- isting in public dances and to throw safeguards around the young people who come there for amusement. Since the Government's war on prostitution became active, many prostitutes have sought public dance halls for assignation purposes. The panderer has been able to secure victims from the public dancing hall. Many boys and girls frankly admit that their first act of sexual immorality occurred as* the result of improper association at public dance halls. Dance halls, from the nature of the entertainment offered, hold out unusual opportunity for soliciting to prostitutes and pimps. That they have not missed such opportunity, experience in every city with unregulated public dances has shown. The practice of admitting women free and the so-called " nickel " dances, have furthered this opportunity for solicitation. A prostitute, at little or no expense, could make the rounds of the various dance halls each evening. The ordinance by prohibiting the " nickel " dance, and requiring an ad- mission charge for women will lessen this evil to a minimum, and will leave the amusement of dancing to be enjoyed by those who seek it as a wholesome recreation. The regulation against pass-out or return checks has also been found by experience very effective in checking the abuse of the public dance by prostitutes. 21 ORDINANCE D. An Oi'dinanee To provide for the regulation of public dance* and the licensing and regulation of public dance halls and penalties for violation thereof. The city of does ordain as follows : Section 1. It shall be unlawful to hold or conduct any public dance, or to hold or conduct classes in dancing, or to give instruc- tion in dancing for hire, in any dance hall or place within the limits of the city of until the dance hall or other place in which the same may be held shall first have been duly licensed as a public dance hall. The fee payable for each license granted here- imder shall be as follows: In the case of public dance halls main- tained and conducted in connection Avith regularly established in- struction in dancing and exclusively used in such connection, the annual license fee shall be dollars. In the case of all other public dance halls the annual license fee shall be dollars. Sec. 2. No license for a public dance hall shall be issued until it shall be found that the place for which it is issued complies with and conforms to all laws, ordinances, health, and fire reguhitions applica- ble thereto and is properly ventilated and supplied with separate and sufficient toilet conveniences for each sex, and is a safe and proper j)lace for the purpose for which it shall be used. Every person to whom a dance hall license is issued shall po-^t the same in a con- spicuous place in the dance hall cosored ))y such license. Sec. 3. The license of any public dance hall may be revoked for the violation of any provision of this or any other ordinance or law relating to such places, or mle^ or regidations promulgated there- under. If at any time the license of a public dance hall shall be revoked, at least three months shall elapse before another license or permit shall be granted to the mana^r, owner, or lessee of such dance halL Sec. 4. It shall be imlawful for any person to liold a public dance or to hold or conduct chisses in dancing without having first obtained a permit therefor, which permit shall have been issued at least forty- eight hours before the dance authorized thereunder is to be held: ProridpfJ. horrever^ That an annual ]>ermit may be issued for dances or classes lield and conducted by regularly established instructors in dancing. The fee for such permit shall be $1 for each dance, or $15 for such annual permit. Sec. 5. It shall be unlawful for any person to whom a dance hall license is issued, or f(n' any person conducting a public dance hall or dancing class under permit from the city, to allow or permit in any dance hall any indecent act to be committed or any disorder or con- duct of a gross, violent, or vulgar character, or to permit in any such dance hall any known prostitute, i)imp, or procurer. Any member of the police and detective departments, or inspector of dance halls, or other i)roperly constituted authority, shall have the power, and it shall be the duty of each of them, to cause any danc« hall to be 22 VENERl'IAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. 23 vacated whenever any provi^^ion of this ordinance, or of any ordi- nance, regulation, or law concerning dance halls has been or is being violated, or whereiii any ordinance, regulation, or law of any char- acter shall be violated, or whenever any indecent act shall be com- mitted, or when any disorder or conduct of a gross, violent, or vulgar character shall take place therein, or any known prostitute, piuip, or procurer be found to be present in such place, j Sec. 6. It shall be unlawful to peruiit anj-^ person, who has not reached the age of eighteen years, to attend or remain at any public dance, unless such person be accompanied by the parent or legal guardian of such pcrsou. It shall be unlawful for any person to rep-< resent himself or herself to have reached the age of eighteen years in order to attend or remain at any public dance, when such person in fact is under eighteen years of age, and it shall be unlawful for any person to falsely represent himself or herself to be a parent or legal guardian of any person in order that such person may attend or remain in any public dance. Sec. 7. All public dances shall be discontinued and all public dance halls shall be closed on or before the hour of twelve o'clock p. m. Sec. 8. It shall be unlawful for any known prostitute, male or female procurer, or vagrant to be present at any public dance or at an}^ public dance hall. Sec. 9. It shall be unlawful for the person conducting a public dance to discriminate between the sexes as to the amount of admission fee. Sec. 10. The admission fee shall entitle any person paying the same to participate in all dancing and no separate or individual fee shall be charged or collected for participation in any individual dance. No pass-out or return checks shall be issued and persons leaving the dance hall and its anterooms shall not be readmitted thereto except upon pa3'^ment of the regular admission fee. Sec. 11. a competent inspector of dance halls shall be api^ointed, \yhose duty it shall be to examine all applications for dance-hall licenses, and who shall investigate each application to determine whether or not the dance hall seeking to be licensed conforms with the regidations, ordii\ances, and laws applicable thereto. The find- ings of the inspector shall be made in writing and shall be accom- panied by a reconnnendation as to wliether a license should be granted or refused. Such inspector shall be permitted to have access to all public dance halls and all public dances at all times. He shall investigate complaints and shall inspect at least once in every month the dance halls within the city. Such inspector sliall be charged with the enforcement of this ordinance and shall have, when desired, tho assistance of any department of the government of the city of • in performing any of the duties delegated to him by this ordinance. Sec. 12. The term " public dance " as used in this ordinance shall mean any dance to which admission can be had by payment directly or indirectly of a fee, or any dance to which the public generally may gain admission with or without the payment of a fee. The temi " public dance hall " as used herein shall mean any rcw)Ui, |)lace, or space in which a public dance shall be held or in which classes in dancing are held and instruction in dauciiig is given for hire. The term " known " used in connection with the words '" prostitute.'' 24 VElsTEEEAL DISEASE ORDINANCES. or " male or female procurer," or vagrant, shall mean known to the manager, owner, or lessee of a jDublic dance hall, or to the person conducting a public dance, or to the police or other authorities hav- ing to do v\-ith regulation or supervision of public dance halls or public dances to be one of the persons named, or who has such repu- tation or character, or one who has pleaded guilty to or has been convicted of being a prostitute, male or female procurer, or vagrant. The word " person '' shall mean and include natural persons, copart- nerships, corporations, and associations, and shall include both sexes. Sec. 13. The person desiring a license to keep and conduct a public dance hall shall use the following form of application : Application City of , State of , , 19__. The undersigned hereby makes application for a license lo keep and conduct a public dance hall at Street, city of , State of , from date of issuance of license to and includ- ing , 19__. It is hereby expressly agreed that in the event that this license shall be issued that said dance hall shall be conducted in strict accord with the provisions of law regulating public dance halls, and the undersigned agrees that the license is given and accepted subject to the provisions of this application and that he shall be held responsible for violation of any provision of law or ordinance regulating public dauce halls. The undersigned is the proprietor of the Jiall located at the above address, application for keeping and conducting a public dance hall in which is hereby made. i Sig-nature of the applicant.) ( Street address of applicant.) Sec. 14. The person desiring a permit to hold a public dance shall use the following form of application : AlPplication City of , State of The undersigned hereby makes application for a permit to give a public dance at No, , Street, on the day of , 19— It is hereby expressly agreed that sjiid dance shall be conducted in strict accord with the provisions of law regulating public dances, and tlie undersigned agrees that the permit is given and accepted subject to the provisions of this application and that he shall be b.eld responsible for any violation of any provision of law or ordinance regulating such public dance. The owner or lessee of the premises in which such dance is to be lu'ld is , , (Name.) (Occupation.) (.Street.) Name Address Sec. 15. Any person who shall violate any provisions of this ordi- nance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punish.ed by fine not to exceed dollars or by imprisonment not to exceed days, or by both such fine and imprison- ment. ORDINANCE E. AN ORDINANCE REQUIRING HOTEL AND ROOMING HOUSE OWN- ERS' NAMES TO BE POSTED ON THE PREMISES— THE "TIN- PLATE " LAW. The just criticism is often made that property owned by prominent members of the community is used for purposes of prostitution. In a few instances estates being probated consist of scattered parcels of property, and it is not unusual for a house owned by the heirs to be used for unlawful purposes without the knowledge of such heirs. But generally the owners, and always the agents, of prop- erty are aware of the use made thereof, and in any event they should interest themselves in the disposition of property from which they derive an income. No man should permit such use to be made of his property as to cause him to be ashamed of acknowledging ownership of such property. Good results have been achieved in cities w^here the so-called " tin-plate ordinance " is being enforced. Many owners will be more particular in selecting tenants if the name of the owner is placed in a conspicuous place on the premises. No valid objection can be urged against the enforcement of this ordinance. 25 ORDINANCE E. An Ordinance Requiring the names aud addresses of owners of hotels, apart- ment houses, and lodging houses to be posted thereon In a conspicuous nxan- n«.', and providing a penalty for violations. The city of does ordain as follows : Section 1. For the purpose of this ordinance, any structure shall be deemed a hotel, apartment house, or lodging house, according to the nature thereof, when the total number of occupants of all rooms rented therein is two or more. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the owner of any property used as a hotel, apartment house, or lodging house to post a metal sign con- taining the name and address of the owner, plainly written or printed in English, beside or above the principal entrance thereof in such a manner as to be easily read by passers-by. Sec. 3. If any such property be owned by more than one pereon, then such sign shall contain the name and address of each, and each owner shall be liable to prosecution hereunder for failure to post such sign. Sec. 4. If any such property is owned by a corporation or joint- stock association, then the sign shall contain the name and post-office address of such corporation or association, and also the names and addresses of the president and secretary thereof. Sec. 5. If any such property be owned by a nonresident or by non- residents, then it shall be the duty of the agent of such owner or owners to post such sign. The name and address of the agent shall be included on said sign. Sec. 6. If the owner or owners are nonresidents, and there be no resident agent for any such property, then it shall be the duty of the manager or other person operating any such hotel, apartment house, or lodging house to post such sign. Sec. 7. (Penalty clause.) Sec. 8. (Emergency clause.) 26 ORDINANCE F. AN ORDINANCE PROHIBITING ADVERTISEMENT OF VENEREAL DISEASE NOSTRUMS. To achieve success in combating venereal disease it is indispensable that Gveiy infected person receive proper scientific treatment. Thi?? can only be administered by a physician trained in this particular line of work. In tracing the historj^ of improperly treated cases of venereal di - ease the investigator discovers that in most instances the patient either purchased "sure cure" highly advertised remedies for self- treatment or was induced to place himself under the dubious care of a quack whose advertisement c-ame to his attention. Both methods proved disastrous. It is manifestly disastrous to treat chronic, acute, and complicated cases, in thousands of persons, with the same con- coction. Dire results come to the attention of the practitioner from the use of these nostrums by patients. Each case should receive the constant attention of one qualified and experienced in the treatment of venereal diseases. The Government and many States have mado available hospitals and clinics to provide treatment for sucli perso'^s as can not afford a private phj^sician. As a general rule, the doctor who advertises his specialty of treat- ing venereal diseases is a quack. He is not interested in curing tha unfortunate who falls into his trap. His only motive is to exploit the misfortune and desire for secrecy of the victim. The injustice of it all is not always confined to the original victim. He either imagines himself cured after using the advertised nostrums or is told by the quack, when his mone}^ is all gone, that a complete, cure has been effected. Relying upon this, he marries and brings untold misery to himself and loved ones. In many cases the wife becomes infected and gives birth to defective children or children that become blind from infection received at birth. In some instances it is necessary to perform dangerous operations upon the wife, which leave her mutilated or an invalid for life. The business of the quack and venereal-disease remedy peddler aro sustained only by permitting them to advertise. States that forbid advertising have witnessed a general exodus of quacks and also a decrease in the quantity of nostrums sold, with a corresponding in- crease in the patronage of free clinics and reputable physicians. This ordinance is strongly urged for all cities that have no legis- lation adequately covering this most important phase of venereal- disease control. 2T ORDINANCE F. An Ordinance To prohibit the advertisement of cures for lost manhood and venereal diseases and cures of similar nature, and providing a penalty. The city of does ordain as follows : Section 1. No per^ion shall publish or cause to be published any advertisement intended to imply or to be understood that he will restore manly vigor, treat or cure lost manhood, lost power, stricture, gonorrhea, clironic discharges, gleet, varicocele, chancroid, syphilis, or private diseases, nor shall any person advertise any medicine, medicinal preparation, remedy, or prescription for any of the ail- ments or diseases above enumerated. Any owner or managing officer of any newspaper in whose paper shall be printed or published any such advei'tisement as above described shall be guilty of a violation of this ordinance. Sec. 2. No person shall post, stick, or affix in any way on any sur- face in the city of any sign, sticker, or poster containing any such advertisement, nor shall any person pass out or distribute any handbill, circular, card, or object containing any such advertisement or intended to advertise a cure or remedy for any such disease or ailment listed above. Sec. 3. No person sl\all permit or allovv^ any advertisement of the character above described to be posted or affixed in any manner upon any property owned or controlled by him, nor display any adver- tisement or object of any kind whatsoever intended to advertise a cure or remedy or preparation intended for use in treatment for any disease or ailment above listed. Sec. 4. The word " person " as used herein shall mean and include natural persons, copartnership, corporations, and associations, and shall include persons of both sexes. Sec. 5. (Penalty clause.) Sec. 6. (Emergency.) Note. — 1. Laws making -unlavrful the advertising of venereal cures are constitutional and within the police power. state r. Hollinshead, 77 Oreg., 473 ; 1.'31 Pac, 710. People V. Kennedy, 176 Mich., 384. 2. Seetioa 2095 Lord's Oregon Laws denouncing the offense of advertising venei-eal cures is constitutional as a valid exercise of the police power of the State, since it Is against public policy to allow interested individuals to disseminate the notion that sexual disease is easily and cheaply cured, as tending to desti'oy a restraint on immorality. State V. Hollinshead, supra. 3. For many years it has been recognized by publicists and legislators that some drastic action is necessary to check certain social evils and to protect youthful and inexperienced humanity, not only from easy access to vicious and immoral practices but also from the sclieme of designing men, vvho, for the sake of financial profit, would prey upon the calamities of the unfortunates who have sowed the wind and reaped the whirlwind. State V. Hollinshead, supra. 28 ORDINANCE G. THE RESTAURANT AND GRILL BOOTH ORDINANCE. This ordinance illustrates what vigilance is necessary in a well- organized community to protect its citizens against neAv methods of carrying on proetitution. It is not submitted with the idea of urging its i^assage in the present form in all cities. The evil sought to be remedied by its provisions were particularly aggravating in several sections of the country, and it is recommended to communities simi- larly situated. In certain cities recurring complaint was made that in " chop suey " places and in other types of refreshment places the boxes, par- titions, and booths made favorable places of solicitation and opera- tion for pimps and prostitutes. By requiring the partitions to be re- moved the entire establishment was thrown open to public gaze and opportunity of unlawful acts destroyed. 29 ORDINANCE G. An Ordinance Prohibiting the maintenance of booths and boxes in restaurants, gi-ills. and other public places, providing a penalty for the violation tliereof, and declaring an emergency. The city of does ordain as follows: Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to construct, erect, set up, conduct, keep, manage, operate, or cause to be constructed, erected, set up, conducted, kept, managed, or operated, any box, booth, or other similar inclosure of such nature that the occupants are concealed from the view of the general patrons in any restaurant, grill, eating place, drinking place, refreshment parlor, or other place where food or refreshments are sold or served. Sec. 2. For the purpose of this ordinance the word " person " shall mean and include natural persons, firms, copartnerships, corpora- tions, and associations, and shall include persons of both sexes. Sec. 3. Where a restaurant, grille, eating place, drinking place, refreshment parlor, or other place where food or refreshments are sold or served is OAvned by any corporation, association, or copart- nership any person having charge, management, or control of such restaurant,' grill, eating place, drinking place, refreshment parlor, or other place where food or refreshments are sold or served shall be liable to prosecution for any violation of this ordinance. Sec. 4. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordi- nance, upon conviction thereof in the municipal court, shall be pun- ished by a fine not to exceed $500 or by imprisonment in the city jail of the city of not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 5. Inasmuch as this ordinance is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health, peace, and safety of the city of in this, that boxes and booths in many rastaurants and grills in the city of are being used for the purpose of soliciting prostitution, now, therefore, an emergency is hereby declared to exist and this ordinance shall be in force and effect from and after its passage by the council, 30 ORDINANCE H. AN ORDINANCE PROHIBITING THE SALE OF VENEREAL-DISEASB MEDICINES EXCEPT ON PRESCRIPTION- There are manifest reasons in the general program of combating venereal diseases for legislation prohibiting the sales of medicines intended for use in the treatment of venereal diseases except upon prescription of a physician licensed to practice medicine in tha State. All the reasons given in explanation of Ordinance F apply to Ordinance H. In communities where no regulation has been at- tempted of quacks and medicine peddlers are found many fakers who cater exclusively to the unfortunates infected Avith venereal diseases. A certain low-grade druggist, located in the slums of the large cities, likewise finds it profitable to cater to this class of trade. So-called Chinese doctors and medicine stores reap a harvest in selling soup made from cooked herbs, which are drunk on the premises with a belief by the patient that it is destroying the syphilitic parasite h\ his blood. In addition to the robbery of the poor, deluded sufferer, a greater harm is done by delaying or permanently postponing proper treat- ment. In answer to an appeal by the Government, thousands of reputable druggists throughout the country have voluntarily agreed not to dis- pense any venereal disease medicines except on prescription of a physi- cian. These druggists realize the necessity of scientific medical care in treating venereal diseases, and they welcome legislation requiring the unscrupulous medicine peddlers to do likewise. The question arises as to what medicines or preparations an ordi- nance of this character is intended to cover. Every drug and prepa- ration whose manufacturers allege that it is a remedy, or a cure, or a relief in cases of venereal diseases, every preparation that has adver- tising matter alleging similar facts, are within the scope of this ordi- nance. There are certain elementary drugs that have a wide and varied use in the treatment of bodily ills that are beyond the scope of this ordinance. This law was enacted as a statute by the State of Utah at the 1919 session of its legislature. 31 ORDINANCE H. An Ordinance To prohibit the sale of any medicine, drug, or preparation for the cure of venereal diseases*, except upon the prescription of a physician, and providing a penalty for violations thereof. The city of does ordain as follows : Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or give to any person any medicine, drug, remedy, or preparation for the relief, cure, or treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, or chancroid except upon the original written prescription of a regularly licensed and prac- ticing physician of the State of — , and no such prescription shall be refilled. Sec. 2. (Penalty.) Sec. 3. (Emergency.) 32 ORDINANCE I, MASSAGE PARLOR ORDINANCE. From many cities comes the complaint that, under the guise of bath and m^assage parlors, prostitutes ply their disease-spreading vocation, and it is difficult to obtain evidence sufficient to convict. Many of the women operating these places also carry on disgusting practices of sexual pei'version. It should be understood that this ordinance is not directed against the various cults that treat disease and infirmities. Eeputable practi- tioners of these schools will welcome legislation of this character when they understand its purpose. One clause of the ordinance specifically exempts from operation thereof " any person who prac- tices the science of healing in a manner recognized and authorized by the State of ." By limiting the license to persons of good moral character the city can scrutinize carefully the qualifications of each applicant. By forbidding the giving of baths and massage treatments by different sexes, the woman who operates a house of prostitution under the guise of a massage parlor will be deprived of opportunity of con- tinuing her unlawful vocation. 33 ORDINANCE I, An Ordinance Regulating massage parlors and bathhouses. The city of does ordain as follows : Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to conduct a place where baths, body massage, vibratory, or magnetic treatments are given w^ithout first obtaining a license from the city of so to do, and no license shall be issued except to persons of good moral character, and who shall be qualified to engage in such business. Sec. 2. Any person desiring to conduct any such business shall make application to the (license inspector or other license- granting official) of the city of setting forth the location of such proposed place of business and shall furnish evidence of good moral character, and in addition thereto shall set forth the qualifi- cations possessed by the applicant to engage in the business for which a license is sought. The application shall be accompanied by a certificate signed by three proj)erty owners of the city of , that the applicant is a person of good moral character. Sec. 3. The annual license fee shall be the sum of dollars. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person to whom a license is issued as herein provided or any person employed in such establish- ment, to give or permit the giving of any baths, massage, rubs, or treatments to a person of the opposite sex from that of the person giving such bath or massage. Sec. 5. The word person as herein contained shall mean and in- clude natural persons, corporations, copartnerships, and associations. Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the person to whom the license is issued to post same in a conspicuous place on the premises to which such license relates. Sec. 7. The provisions of this ordinance shall not apply to any per- son practicing the science of healing in a manner recognized and authorized by the State of Sec. 8. It shall be unlawful to engage in or permit any prostitu- tion, lewdness, or assignation to be carried on in the premises to which such license relates. Sec. 9. Violation of any provision of this ordinance shall be suffi- cient ground for the revocation of such license in addition to the penalty imposed for such violation. Sec. 10. Any person convicted of violating the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by fine of not exceeding dollars or by imprisonment not to exceed days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 84 ADDITIONAL ORDINANCES. The public has the right to be protected, against venereally in- fected persons engaged in any occupation the nature of whose em- ployment makes it likely that they would transmit their infection to others. The Public Health Service does not desire to recommend in detail ordinances of this nature, but only invites attention of local officers to the fact that certain conditions in their community may warrant the passing of ordinances designed to give additional pro- tection to citizens of the community. Many cities and several States have passed laws regulating the employment of persons engaged in establishments where food or drink is prepared, or sold. The States of Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, and New Jersey forbid the employ- ment of venereally infected persons in food establishments. The State of Mississippi prohibits the employment of venereally dis- eased persons in any occupation the nature of which is such that their infection is likely to be transmitted to others. The State of Michigan passed a law on March 20, 1919, making it unlawful for any person who is infected with venereal disease or any other con- tagious disease in a communicable form to work in any place where food or drink is prepared or offered for sale. The Michigan law gives the city health officer of the community the right to require all such employees to submit to a physical examination, and prescribes a penalty both for the employee and employer for a violation of the law. This phase of the question is not submitted with definite recom- mendations on the part of the Public Health Service, but merely for the consideration of local authorities. 35 CONCLUSION. From various portions of the country come reports of peculiar local conditions wherein prostitution finds expression in different forms. Many moving-picture houses have become a haven for the erstwhile street walker, where, under shield of darkness, she carries on solicita- tion. Grills and cabarets that cater to the disorderly element also provide a link between prostitutes and their customers. Permitting young boys and girls to be about on the streets at late hours without escort gives opportunity for developments of a particularly unde- sirable type. There are other forms, too numerous to mention, that require constant, energetic, and earnest vigilance on the part of the law-enforcing officials of your city. No matter v^^hich way or in what form prostitution seeks an outlet you must be ready to com.bat it. Your city attorneys or legal officials can draw proper ordinances to cover every phase of the problem as presented. If unable to secure such cooperation, the United States Public Health Service will, when placed in possession of the facts, prepare such law. DO NOT DESTROY — When you have no further use for this pamphlet give it to some one else. 36 O