W^^ 
 
 
 r^m^4t. 
 
 
r 
 
 ( 
 
 / 
 
 / THE 
 
 i\ AMERICAN GAZETTEER, 
 
 EXHIBITING 
 
 A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE 
 
 Ol^IL DIVISIONS, RIVERS, HARBOURS, 
 INDIAN TRIBES, ^c, 
 
 OF THE 
 
 I 
 
 AVitllCAN CONTINENT. 
 
 ! ■ J 
 
 ..; . ' ' 1 
 
 ifi> ALSO OF THE 
 
 -x/ »•'•' ■ 
 
 WEST INDIA 
 
 AND )THER APPENDANT ISLANDS; 
 
 TVITH 
 
 A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION CF 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Compiled from the beft Authorities, 
 
 Br-EDIDIAH MORSE, D.D. J. AS. S.H.S. 
 
 • Author of the American Univerfal Geography. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. 
 
 SECOND EDITIOT^, 
 KVISED, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED, 
 
 PVBlISHRn ACCOKlyiNG TO ACT OF CONCRKSS. 
 
 CJarledoton : 
 P^,TED BT AND TOR SAMUEL ETHERIDGE, and for ^^ 
 
 i THOMAS AND ANDREWS, >ft 
 
 BOSTON 1804. 
 
District cf Massachusetts^ to nvit* 
 l^E It remembered, That on the twenty fixth day of Ipjuary, i the 
 
 eighteen hundred and fourth year of our Lord, and in the twenty i^hth year \ the 
 Independence of the United States of America, JEDIDIAH MOIE, of the fj 
 tu6l, hath depofited in this Office, the title of a book, the right wl-eof he 
 Author and Proprietor, in the words following, to wit. " The A ERICAN 
 ETTEER, exhibiting a full account of the Civil Divillons, Rivers, larbours, 
 '.'"ribes, £cc. of the American Continent, aifo of the Weft India another appe 
 Iflands.; and a particular defcription of Louifiana. Compiled fronJ" 
 ties, by JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. author of thj 
 \' E«i 3-fi r. Geography.. lUuftrs-ted with maps. Second edition, revi 
 cnlitpghd,* '..". y. ' I 
 
 In conformity to the A^lofthe Congrefs of the United States, tntled, " An 
 for', tlie c-ftcouraw^tnent 'of l.earfjing, by fecuring the Copies of Ms, Charts, 
 Book's, to "the* A^TiUots and Proprietors of fuch Copies, during the tite therein me 
 tioncd :" and alfo to an A<Sl entitled," An Ad; fupplementery to an St, entitled 
 AA for the encouragement of Learning, by fecuring the Copies of 1/ps, Charts, an^ 
 i3t)v)ks, to the Authors and Proprietors of fuch Copies, during the tir therein men 
 tloned; and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Defignir^ Ejigraving an 
 Etching Hiftorical, and other Prints." 
 
 N. GOODALE, (If of the Di/irlcl 
 
 , , tf Mc^ufetti. 
 
 A tnre Sopy af Record. ? 
 
 4Ue!}, N. G O O D A L E , Clnh \ 
 
 le bell aut 
 
 AMERICAN 
 
 corredled, 
 
 y 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 ± HE fir ft edition of the American 
 GAZETTEER was publilhecl in the year 1797- 
 The work was confidered as incomplete without a 
 fecond volume, which fhould embrace the other 
 three quarters of the globe. This was according- 
 ly compiled and publifhed, under the title of " A 
 
 NEW GAZETTJEER OF THE EASTERN CONTINENT, 
 
 in 1802, Thefe two volumes profelTedly defcribe, 
 from the b.eft authorities, all the places of im- 
 portance on the habitable earth. 
 
 A new editibii of the firft volume being called 
 for, the Aiithor now offers it to the public, whofe 
 patronage he has liberally and gratefully fKared, 
 and which it has been, and will be, his ambition 
 to deferve. : Neither labour nor expenfe have been 
 fpared to enrich this new edition from the numerous 
 fources of information, which have been opened 
 fince the firft was publifhe(l. Much has been de- 
 rived from obliging correfpondents, whofe favors 
 are thankfully, though they cannot be particularly, 
 acknowledged. More has been colledled from the 
 very valuable Maps and Publications, which have 
 appeared fiacQ the laft if? v^n years. Several of the 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 moft important of thefe are named as authorities 
 in the body of the Work. 
 
 A topographical defcription of Upper Canada, 
 drawn np by David W. Smith, Efq. Surveyor Gen- 
 eral of that Province, and his excellent Maps of Up- 
 per and Lower Canada, have furnifhed a particular 
 and corredl view of this portion of thq Britilh do- 
 minions. The new and valuable Map of New York, 
 by B. Simeon de Witt, Efq. Surveyor General of 
 that State, has alfo been faithfully confulted. The 
 cenfus of 1800 has been of important ufe in per- 
 fedting this edition. 
 
 Moft of the articles, efpecially in the United 
 States, have been improved, and feveral thoufand 
 new ones have been added. To give place to thefe 
 additions, without fwelling the work to too expen* 
 five a fize, many articles have be^en abridged, abbre- 
 viations have been adopted, and a type of a fmaU^r 
 fize, than in the firft edition, lias been ufed,» 
 
 The article Louisiana,* has received all the 
 attention, which its newly acquired importance 
 to the United States, demands. ■■^^■;^ ^^'^ ' 
 
 In the revifion of diis edit;ion, the Author has 
 received the affiftance of his; wrorthy literary friend, 
 the Rev. Elijah P4RISH, his partner in the com- 
 pilation 
 
 ♦ Some information, omitted by accident under this, head, will bf 
 fonnd in the ^/^^W/X| under the article Fredonia. 
 
pilatlon of the other volume of this work. His 
 afliftance h^s been engaged, for the double puf- 
 pdfe of leffening the literary labours of the Au- 
 thor, and of increafing the value of the work, 
 by the aid of his extenfive refearches into fub- 
 je(5ls of this nature, and of his peculiar talent in 
 condeiifmg the fubftance of large volumes into a 
 fmall compafs. 
 
 A fpecific name for our country has long been a 
 defideratum. The want of it h,as been felt by our 
 citizens, who have vifited foreign countries, by our 
 Legiflators, and efpecially by geographical writers. 
 Much has been faid in private converfation, and 
 fome things have been written, on the fubjedl. 
 The epoch of the addition of Louifiana to the 
 United States, is thought to be a fit time to intro- 
 duce fuch ^generic name for our country. Several 
 names have been fuggefted. Fredonia, Colum- 
 bia, and America, have each their advocates. The 
 latter, could it be appropriated to the territory un- 
 der the government of the United States, and dif- 
 tinguifli its inhabitants froni all other Americans, 
 would undoubtedly be entitled to the preference. 
 But this is thought to be impradlicable. Several 
 reafons have been urged in favor of Columbia. 
 It would be honorary to the memory of the drf- 
 coverer of America, and it is already partially in- 
 troduced ; but it will not fo happily run through 
 all the variations, important in a generic name, as 
 Fredonia. For no other reafon has the latter 
 
 the 
 
Vi PREFACE. 
 
 the preference. Wit;li a view merely to Introduce 
 the fubjedl before the pubUc, and to invite their 
 attention to it, an example is given, in the Appen- 
 dix^ under the head, Fredonia, to ftiew the con- 
 venience and utility of fuch a general name. The 
 Author has not the temerity or the vanity to think 
 of giving a name to his country. He would not 
 be confideredas the ftrenuous advocate of any one 
 of thofe above fuggefled. He only wiflies that the 
 government, whofe right it is, would fix upon 
 and eftablifh a fpecific name, which fliall hon- 
 ourably diftinguilh our country and its inhabit-- 
 ants, from the reft of the world. 
 
 CHARlESrOlVNy (Mass.) March ift, 1804. 
 
 GAZETTEER 
 
GAZETTEER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WESTERN CONTINENT. 
 
 ABI 
 
 A. 
 
 [ARONSBURGH, lies at the head 
 fii Penn's €reek, Northumberland coun- 
 ty, PennfylvaiiJa, about 30 miles wefterly 
 from Lewiftturgh, and 40 W by N from 
 Sunbury. It contains 40 dwellings, a 
 German Lutheran, and Calvinifi. church. 
 JLat. 40 53 N. Lon. a 23 W. 
 
 Abacco, or Proi'idence, one of the Ba- 
 hama iHands; in the Atlantic ocean, fub- 
 jedi to Great Britain, N lat. 24. W lon. 
 77. See Frovidmce. 
 
 Abacoocbee, or i^ofee, a large river rif- 
 ing in TennefTe, paffing into Georgia, 
 .through tke Cherokee into the Crtu;k 
 country, where it unites with the Oak- 
 fuikee, an-d forms the Alibama. 
 
 Abbeville, a diftritSl of S Carolina, con- 
 taining 13,553 people, of whom 2964 are 
 flaves. 
 
 Abbeville County, in Ninety-Six diftridi, 
 S Carolina, bounded on the N E by 
 the Saluda, and on the S W by the Sa'- 
 vannah, is 7,$ miles in length and ai in 
 breadth; contains 9197 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 1665 flaves. The lands of this 
 county are rich and well watered by fev- 
 eral ftreams which fall into Savannah aud 
 Saluda rivers. Abbeville court houfe is 
 the feat of juftice in the above county. 
 It has a magazine, arfenal, ajadjall. 
 
 Abercorn, a fmall to'wn on Savannah 
 river, in Georgia, about 5 miles from 
 Ebenezer, and 18 N W of Savarmah. 
 
 Ahineau Port, on the N fide of Lake 
 Erie, is about 13 miles W S W from 
 Fort Erie. 
 
 ^ Abingdon, a town at the head of the 
 tidewaters ofBufh river, Harford coun- 
 ty, Maryland; 12 miles S W from Hav- 
 re dc Grace, and ao N E from Balti- 
 A 
 
 ABR " 
 
 more. Cokefbury College, inft'tuted by 
 the Methodifts, in 1785, is in thib town. 
 
 Abingdon, the chief town of Vv^afning- 
 ton-couaty, Virginia, has 363 inhabitants, 
 and is about 145 miles from CampbcH's 
 flation, near Holfton ; s6o from Rich- 
 mond, in Virginia, in a dirc<ft line, and 
 310 as the road runs, bearing a little to 
 the S of W, Lat. 36 30 N. 
 
 Abingfon, z townfliip in Plymouth coun- 
 ty, Maffachufetts ; 22 miles foutheafterly 
 fromBon:on,and contains 1 6^3 inhabitantti. 
 
 Abiitgtnn, a pariili ia the town of I*om- 
 fret, in GotmeAicut. 
 
 Ablngton, a village in Pcnnfylvania, i% 
 miles N of Philadelphia. 
 
 Abipons, an hidian nation in Paraguay 
 S America. They are a warlike race, 
 catching and taming the wild horfes in- 
 troduced by the Spaniards ; their cavalry 
 are formidable. They are fo far from the 
 rational opinions taught in thegofpd, that 
 they have no idea of God. Their magi- 
 cians are their tyrants, who inftrudl them 
 that there is an evil demon ; polygamy 
 is allowed, and mothers fi'cquentlydeftroy 
 their infants that ihey may be more at- 
 tentive to their hufhands. So wretched 
 arc the people, fo dreadful the flatc of 
 morak where the gofpel is unknown. 
 
 Ahitihhi, a fmall lake in Upper Cana- 
 *i : on the S fide of which is a fcttlc- 
 mcnt called Frederick, which laft lies ia 
 N lat. 49, W long. 79 40. Alfo the 
 name of a river which runs N and joins 
 Moofe river, ncarits mouth at James bny. 
 
 Abrani's Creeh, falls into Hudfon's riv- 
 er, near the city of Hudfon. 
 
 Abrojos, or Baxos de Babuca, a bank, 
 
 with feveral fmall rocks and illcs--, E of 
 
 'I'urk'g 
 
AC A 
 
 A CA 
 
 Turk's iftand, in Nlat. 215, Wlon.69 4C. 
 Between this hank, and Turk's Kland is a 
 .deep channri, i\.r iliips of any burden, 3 
 leagues wide. 
 
 Abrolhos, dangerous flioals, about 50 
 miles from the coaft of Brazil, and near 
 the iiland of St. Barbe. 
 
 Abfccon Beach, on the coafl of New- 
 Jcrley, 16 miles S W from Little Egg 
 Harb.,;ur. 
 
 Aciidia, the name by which Nova Sco- | 
 tia was called, when it belonged to the 
 f rench. Its limits, as itttled by the trea- 
 ty of Utrecht, in 17 13, were St. Law- 
 rence_ river on the. N, Peiiobiyot W, and 
 the guKf :ol &. Lawr^Act ni% ilje F.. This 
 name wks iirft apphtd to a' tra<Si, from 
 the. 40th |t« .the , 4,6111' degrees/ of N' lat. 
 grapieii '-tb ^lAc ; Hohs,; liluy *. 2; '160 j, by 
 Henry IV. of France. 
 
 Adrpala, or Acaj}ula, a town in the 
 province of Chiapa, New Spain. It is 
 fituatcd on the Tobalco river, near the 
 city of Chiapa, and not far from a bay I 
 in the South Sea, called Teguantipac. 
 
 Acspulco^ a city in New Spain, on a 
 bay of'the Pacific Ocean, 220 miles S E 
 oi Meiico ; the chief port in this fca, 
 and the principal mart pn the whole coaft. ' ■ 
 Its hr-.rbour is fo i'pacious that leveral ;| 
 Imndrtd ibips may ride in it with 'S 
 convenience. The mouth, which js de- 
 fended hy a low ifland, about a mile and 
 a half long, and half a mile broad, hav- ; 
 jng a wide and deep channel at each 
 end ; the wefternmofl channel is the nar- 
 rowcft, but fo deep that there is no an- 
 choring ; and the Manilla ibips pafs in 
 that way ; but thofe Irom Tima enter 
 through tlie S W channel. This harbour 
 runs N about 3 miles ; then growing 
 very narrow, turns iliort to the W, and a 
 irlile farther it terminates. The town 
 ilands at the mouth of this paflagc, on 
 the N y/ fide, clofe by the fea, and at 
 the end of the town is a platform mount- 
 ed with guns. Oppofitc to the town, on 
 the E fide, is a high and ftrong caflle, 
 Avith guns of a large (ize. Ships common- 
 ly ride near the bottom of th« harbour, 
 under the command of the caflie and 
 platform T he town, furrounded by very 
 liigh i^.iountains, is fo unhealtliy, fo defti- 
 tute ol <iood water, and lb difagrceable, 
 that except when the Manilla galeon is 
 there, and while the conlcquent fair con- 
 tinues, it is almoft defertcd by the inhab- 
 itants. When fl^e arrives in this port, 
 file is generally moored on its wcftern 
 fide; and htr cargo, confiftingof fpiccs, 
 
 all forts of Chinefe filks and manufac- 
 tures, filk ftockingSj Indian ftufi's, calicoes, 
 chint?,, together with other fmall articles, 
 as goldfmichs work, ccc. are delivered 
 with all expedition ; when the town of 
 AcapulcoTrom almoft folitude, is rhrong- 
 ed with merchants from all parts of Mex- 
 ico and Peru. The cargo being landed, 
 the filver and the goods intended for Man- 
 illa are taken onboard, and the fhip pre- 
 pares to put to lea wiih the utmoft expe- 
 dition. The galeon t.ikcs m here, in re- 
 turn for the gao,ds which (lie brings, at 
 leaf): ten millions of dollars, a part of 
 which pay; the Spauifli garrifons in the 
 Philippine ifiaiuls. Fhe commerce of 
 this place with Peru is not, as many wri- 
 ters have fuppofed, confined only to the 
 annual fliip from Lima ; for at all other 
 feafons pf the year, except that whei tin 
 the Acapulco ibip arrives, the trade is 
 open, and lliips from Peru come hithcjr 
 frequently to exchange the commodities 
 of that country for thofe of Mexico. 
 From the end of November to the end of 
 May, they have no rain here, and it is fo 
 hot'injanuary when the fair generally be- 
 gins, that merchants are obliged to do 
 theirbufinefschieflyin the morning. When 
 the fair is over, almoft every body leaves 
 the place but a few blacks and mulattoes. 
 The town is governed by a chief juftice, 
 who hab 20,000 pieces||f eight per annum ; 
 and the curate, though allowed but -^to 
 pieces of eiglit, makes his place worth 
 i4,oco by the buriaf fees pf ftrangcrs 
 : who die here, or on board the fliips in 
 ; the harbour. There is an hofpital main- 
 1 tained here, by deductions from the pay 
 of the foldiers, and the alms of the mer- 
 chants. Within a league of the E of 
 Aca]nilco, is Port Marquis, a very good 
 : iiarbour, vvhere the fliips from Peru gen- 
 ': eraiiy run in contraband goods. Lat. 17 
 \ 2% N,)on. 102 20 W. 
 i Acara'h a tfnvn in Paraguay, S Amer- 
 I ica, 'built by the Jefuits, in 1624, N lat. 
 : ;^2, W lop.'jif. ■ . r 
 
 i| Acafab.if.ian, a river in the province of 
 i: Vera Paz, in Mexico. It runs into the 
 . Goilo Uulce, and has a town fituated oa 
 :: its ba;iks, of the fame name. The foiircc 
 , of this river is not far from the S. Sea. 
 \ Acafaihuh,2i fca port, fituated on a point 
 of land, in the province of Gnatimala 
 Proper, in Mexico, on a liiiy of the South 
 Sea, about four leagues from Trinidad. 
 j! It receiver the greattft part of the treaf- 
 i Tires from Peru and Mexico. In its 
 \ r.ei<5hboi:rhood ar€ three volcanoes. 
 
 Acoma^ 
 
ADA 
 
 AGA 
 
 Acoma, a town In New Metico, Notth, 
 America, fituatcd on a high mountain 
 with a ftrong caftle, and is che capital of 
 the province, N Inr. .^5, W Ion. 104 15. 
 
 Acccniiick County, in Virginia, is fituated 
 on a pcninfula, bounded Nby Maryland, 
 E by the Ocean, and on the W by Chef- 
 apealc bay, and contains 11,264 free in- 
 habitants, and 4,429 ihves. It is 50 
 miles long, 13 broad. 
 
 Acklins Key, lies about 50 miles S £ 
 from Long Uland, or Yuma, one of the 
 Bahama i Hands. It has Long Key i% 
 miles to theNvV. Upon the fouth eaft- 
 ward Qde is an entire chain of rocks. N 
 lat. 1% 10, W Ion. 73 30. 
 
 Achijchica, a town in Mexico. Sec 
 
 A nancies. 
 
 Acoue^, an Indian nation in Crmada. 
 
 Acquachnacky or Acquakinvnk, a town on 
 the W fide of Paflaick river, in Kilex 
 couilty, New Jerfey, 10 miles N of New- 
 ark, and 17 N W from New York. 
 
 ABon^ atowniliip in Middlcfex county, 
 Maflachufetts, containing 901 inhabit- 
 ants ; cii miles N W of Bofton. 
 
 Aciijorth, a townfliip in Cheniire coun- 
 ty, New Hampflilre, incorporated in 
 1766, and contains 704 inliabitants ; 
 8 miles E by N from- Charleflown, and 
 73 N W by W from Porrfirxouth. 
 
 Adams y a tou'nihip in Brrklliire oonnty, 
 Maffachufetts, containing 1688 inhabit- 
 ants, is x\i miles N W of BoQon* In the 
 northern part of this tov/n, is a great nat- 
 ural curiolily. A pretty mill ftream, 
 C'lUed Hndfon's Brook, which riles in 
 Vermont, and falls i"to the n(;rrh branch 
 of Hoofuck river, has, for 30 or 40 rods, 
 formed a very deep channel, in fome 
 places 60 feet deep, through a quarry of 
 whijte marble. Over this channel, where 
 deepeft, fome of t!ie rocks remain, and 
 form a natural bridge. From the top of 
 this bridge to the water, is 62 feet ; its 
 length is about la or 15, and its breadth 
 about 10. Partly under tliis bridge, and 
 about 10 or 12 feet below it, is another, 
 •which is wider, but not fo long ; for.at the 
 eafl: end they form one body of rock, 12 
 or 14 feei thick, and under this the water 
 f!o\vs. The rocks here are moftly white, 
 and in other places clouded, like thecoarfe 
 marble common at Lanclborough, and 
 in other towns in B<.:rk(bife countv. 
 
 vio'iTwj-.aCountyofPennfylvania bound- 
 ed N by Cumberland and S by Maryland, 
 containing 314,880 acres. Chief 'town 
 Gettylburg. The county is divided into 16 
 town{hips,amlcontaiu!»x3,i 7iiiibabitaKt5 , 
 
 Aaants, a county of the ^tatc cf Ohio, 
 containing 3432 inhabitants. 
 
 Adams, a county of the MifTifippi ter* 
 ritory, couiaining 4660 inhabitants, of 
 whom 2257 aire ftaves. 
 
 Adamstoivn, a town in Lancaller coun- 
 ty, Pennfylvania, containing about 40 
 houfes ; 20 miles N E of Lancaftcr. 
 Adayes. See lidexicsno R'wer. 
 Addffon County, in Vermont, is on th*; 
 eaft fide of Lake Champlain, and is divid- 
 ed nearly into equal parts by Otter Creek 5 
 has Chittenden county on the N, and Rut- 
 land county on the S, and contains 13,417 
 inhabitants, difperfcd in 21 townfliip?. 
 It is about 30 miles by 27 : a range of the 
 green mountains pafFes through it. Chief 
 town Middlcbury, granted Nov. 1761. 
 
 Addifor, a town of the above county, 
 734 inhabitants. It lie? on Lake Cham- 
 plain, and is feparated from Ncwhaven, 
 on the E by OiloT creek. Snake Moun- 
 tain, on the S E lie partly in this town- 
 fhip, granted 1761. 
 
 Addifon, a town in Wafhington Coun- 
 ty, Maine, lying on the fea, with Indian 
 river for its Eaft and Pleafant river bay- 
 its W boundary, 10 miics S W of Machia?. 
 uidequatungk' Creek, in*Ncv; York ftate, 
 is the eaflern head water of Sufquebaunah 
 river. ' 
 
 A.dmhalty Bay, and Fort Mulgra'vr, on 
 the N Vv' coaft of America, lie in N lat, 
 59 .^ij W Ion. 140 18. 
 
 Adfons^ Totvn, lies near the N B line of 
 NewJeiTey,andSE oftheDrowntd Lands; 
 27 miles N of MorriQown, and 24 N W 
 of Patterfon, 
 
 Affucra, one of the ifTaiids of Juan Fer- 
 nandes, on the South Sea coafl, in the 
 kingdom of Chili. Lon. from the me- 
 ridian of Gallap, 30 20, about 406 leagues 
 to the N of Cape Horn. This coaft 
 Twarrns with fea lions and wolves. 
 
 Agitmertticus, a mountain of confiderabic 
 elevation in the diflridt of Maine, diflant; 
 abcrut 6 miles from Bald Head, and 8 
 from York harbolir. Lat. 43 16 N, and 
 70 39 W lon. from Greenwich. It is a 
 noted landfriark for feamen, and is a 
 good dirc'ftory for the entry of Pafcatri- 
 qua harbour, as it lies very nearly in the 
 fome meridian with it, and v/ith Pigeon 
 Hlil, on Cape Ann. The mouatain is 
 cc\'cred with wood and (lirubs, and af-^ 
 fords pafture up to its fummit, where 
 , there is an enchanting profpcdb. The 
 cultivated parts of the country, efpecial-' 
 ly on the S and S W appear as a beauti- 
 ful garden, intcrf&ii^t'd by the majeftic 
 
 river 
 
ALA 
 
 ALA 
 
 river Pafcataqaa, its bays and branches. 
 The immenfe ranges of mountains on the 
 K and N \V aftbrd a fublime fpetftacle ; 
 and on the fea fide, the various indent- 
 ings of the coaft, from C?.pc Ann to Cape 
 Elizabeth, are plainly in view In a clear 
 day ; and the Atlantic Wretches to the E 
 as far as the power of vilion extends. 
 At this fpot the bearin'gs of the following 
 rvbjeifts were taken, with a good furvey- 
 ing inftrument, 0(5lober ii, 1780. 
 
 &ummitofth£WhiteMGuntain3,NijW. 
 
 Cape Porpoife, N 63 E. 
 
 Rochefter Hill, N 64 W. 
 
 Tuckaway South Peak, S 80 W. 
 
 I'roft's Hill, Kittery, S57 W. 
 
 Saddle of Bonabcag, N 14 W. 
 
 llle of Shoals Meettng Houfc, S 6 E. 
 
 Varney's Hill, in Dover, diftant ic|- 
 milrs by mcnfuration, N 89 W. 
 Variation of the needle, 6 W. 
 
 A^amenticus, a river in the centre of 
 York county, diftri(£l: of Maine. It is in- 
 debted to the ocean for its waters, through 
 Pal'cataqua bay ; having no confiderable 
 aid from dreams of freili water. Its 
 mouth is about 4 miles foutherly from 
 Cape Neddie river. Small veflels can 
 enter lie re. 
 
 A^amuntk, or A?nagunt'ic Pond, in the 
 diflriiSt of Maine, fends its waters north- 
 ward to the Chaudiere, through the weft 
 branch of that river. 
 
 Agomijoyixn iiland in James Bay, near its 
 weftern coaft, N N E from Albany Fort. 
 
 Aguga Cape, on the coa(\ of Peru, S 
 America, lies fouthward of Puira , in the 
 6th deg. of S lat. and in the 8 2d of W Ion. 
 
 Akanfas, fee Arkanfas. 
 
 Aliibahay a confiderable river in E 
 Florida. Alfo faid to be the name of a 
 branch of St. Mary's river. See Appen. 
 
 Alabama, an Indian village, delightfully 
 fitUHlfd on the banks of the Milfifippi, 
 on feveral fweiling green hills, gradually 
 afcending from the verge of the river. 
 'I'hefe Indians are the remains of the an- 
 cient Alabama nation, who inhabited the 
 eafl arm of the Great Mobile river, which 
 flill bears their name, now poireffed by 
 the Creeks, or Alufcogulgcs, who conquer- 
 ed the former. 
 
 AUibarmi River, a large navigable river 
 of Georgia, is. formed by the juntflion of 
 the Coijfa or Cocfee, or High Toivn river, 
 and Tallapoofee river, at Little Tallafee, 
 and runs in a S W diretSViiin, until it 
 meets Tombigbee river from rhe N W at 
 the great Ifland which it there forms, 90 
 milts from the meuth of Mobile bay, in 
 
 the gulf of Mexico. This beantiful rivef 
 hasaegentle current, pure waters, antt 
 excell nt fifh. It runs about a miles an 
 hour, is 70 or 80 rods wide at its head, 
 and from 15 to 18 feet deep, in the dricft 
 feafon. The banks are about 50 feet 
 high, and fcldom. If ever, overflowed. 
 Travellers have gone down in large boa^^, 
 in the month of May. in 9 days from 
 Little I'allafce to Mobile bay, which is 
 about 350 miles by water. Its banks 
 abound with valuable produtSlions in the 
 vegetable and mneral kingdoms. 
 
 Alabcjlcr or Eleuihera, one of the Baha- 
 ma or Lncayo iflands, on which is a fmail 
 fort and garrifon. It is on the Great Ba- 
 hama Bank. The foil of this ifland, 
 and Harbour ifland, which lies at the 
 north end of it, is better than Providence 
 ifland, and produces the greattfl part of 
 the pine apples that are exported ; the 
 climate is very healthy. N lat. 25 to 26, 
 W Ion. 75 to 76 5. 
 
 Alachua Savannah, is a level green plain, 
 in the country of the Indians of that 
 name, in E Florida, fituated about 75 
 miles weft from St. Auguftine. It is above 
 15 miles over, and 50 in circumference j 
 and fcarcely a tree or bufli of any kind 
 to be feen on it. It is encircled with high 
 Hoping hills, covered with waving forefts» 
 and fragrant orange groves, rifing from 
 an exuberantly fertile foil. The ancient 
 Alachua town ftood on the borders of this 
 favannah ; but the Indians removed to 
 Cufi.(jimlla, 2 miles dlftant, on account of 
 the unhealthinefs of the former fcite, oc^ 
 cafioned by the ftench of the putrid fifli 
 and reptiles, in the fummer and autumn, 
 driven on fliore by the aligators, and the 
 noxious exhalations from the marflies 
 of the favannah. Though the horned 
 cattle and horfes bred in thefe meadows 
 are large, "fleck, fprightly, and fat, yet 
 they are fubjeAto mortal difcafes ; fuch 
 as the water rot, or fcald, occafioned by 
 the warm water of the favannah ; while 
 thofe which range in the high forcfts are 
 clear of this diforder. 
 
 Alacranes, Los, a long range of {lioals, 
 banks, and rocks, on the fouth fide of 
 the gulph of Mexico, oppofite the pen- 
 infula of Yucatan, caft from Stone Bank, 
 and weft from Cape St. Antonio ; within 
 the 23d deg. of N lat. and between the 
 g9th and 91ft degrees of W Ion. 
 
 Alajha, a lung peninluJa on the N W 
 ccaft o1f Am( rica, formed by Briftol bay 
 and the ocean ontheN WandN,andbythe 
 ocean and the waters of Cook's river on 
 
 the 
 
ALS 
 
 AL3 
 
 fAt S and S E. At its extremity are a 
 number of illands, the chief of which, in 
 their order wcftward, are, Oonemak, 
 Oonaid ilia, and OcumriakjV/hich form part 
 et the chain or cUifler of iildnds, called the 
 Norjthern Archipthig©. Capt. Cook, on 
 his retur'jj in i;7y, pafTed through the 
 channel eaft of Ooncmak iiland. See N 
 IV Coaft of America. 
 
 Alatamaha^ a uavio^Hble river of Geor- 
 gia. It rifes in tli.e Cherokee mountains, 
 Hear the head of a wcftera branch of 
 Savantiah river, caUed 'I'uguld. In its 
 dcfcent through the mountains it receives 
 ieveral auxiliary dreams; thence it winds, 
 with contiderftble rapidity, through th^ 
 hilly country 150 miles, whence it enters 
 into the open, flat country, by the name 
 of Oahmvlgte. Thence after meandering 
 for 150 miles, it is joined by the Oconee^ 
 which likewife has its fource in the moun- 
 tains. After this jundiioa, it afFumes the 
 name of Alatiimaha, when it becomes a 
 large majcftic river ; and flowing with 
 »• gentle current through foreOs and plains 
 100 miles, diichargcs itfelf into the At- 
 lantic by fcveral mouths. I'he north 
 channel glides by the heights of Daiien,- 
 about 10 miles above the bar, aad after 
 fevcral turnings, enters the ocean be-' 
 tween Sapelo and Wolf iflands. The 
 fouth channel, which is cftccmed the 
 largefl and dcepefl:, after its reparation 
 from the north, defcends gently, taking 
 its courfe between M'Intoili and Brough- 
 ton iHands \ and at laft by the weft coail 
 of St. Simon'e found between the fouth 
 end of tlie ifland of that name, and the 
 north end of Jckyl iiland. At its conflu- 
 ence with the Atlantic, it it 500 yards 
 wide. 
 
 Albans^ St. a townfliip in Franklin 
 eounty, Vermont, on Lake Champlain, 
 oppofite N Hero ifland, 941 inhabitants. 
 
 Albany County, on Hudfon's river, in 
 the ftate of New York, lies between Ul- 
 fter and Saratoga ; its extent 46 miles by 
 a8. The inhabitants are 34,043, ot whom 
 x8o8 are in flavery, 
 
 Albany, the chief tov/n of the above 
 eounty, is fituated on the weft hank of 
 Hudfon's river, 160 miles north of the 
 eity of New York, to which it is next in 
 rank, and 340 S of Quebec. N Int. 4a 
 39, W Ion. 7.^ 30. This city and fu!)urb.s 
 by enumeration in 1797, contained 1263 
 buildings, of which 863 were dwclling- 
 houfts, and 6021 inhabitants. Many of 
 them are in the Gothic ftyle, with the 
 gable eiidto the ftrcct, which cuftomthc 
 
 fi'rft ftttlers brcvight from Holland ; ta* 
 new houfes are buiit in the modccn fiyie. 
 Its inhabitants are co(k<£i:ed from various^ 
 parts of the world, and f peak- a great va-#- 
 ricty of languages, but the Engiifli pre- 
 dominates . and the ufe of every other 13 
 gradually Icfiening. Atbany is unrivallci! 
 for lituation, being nearly at the head of 
 Hoop navigation, en oneof the nobk fl: riv- 
 ers intheworld, Itenjdysa falubiious air, 
 arid is the natural <5tjiporium of the in- 
 ereafing trade of a large extent of coun- 
 try W and N; a coiuntry of an exctlk'nt 
 foil, abounding in every article for the 
 W India market ; plentifully watered, 
 with navit>;ab]e lakes, creeks and rivers, 
 fettling with almoft lineiampled rapidity, 
 and capable of aftbrding fuliiifttnce tojnil- 
 lions of inhabitants : and when the con- 
 templated locks and canals are compktci^i 
 and convenient roads opened into e^'ery 
 part of the country, \vHich are in gretit 
 part accomplillied, Albany will probah-ly 
 increafe in a more rapid degree. Thj^ 
 public buildings are, a Low Euteh church, 
 of ancient and very curious conftru<S:ion, 
 now difufed, and a mere monumetvt of 
 ancient :irchite€lure, a new and elegant 
 Dutch church, of brick, one for Epifco- 
 paliar.s, two for Prefbyterians, one for 
 Germans, or High Dutch, one for Ivleth- 
 odifts, and one for Roman Catholics; an 
 hofpItaJ, <:ity hall, and a handfome brieiL 
 gaol. The corporation confifts of a 
 mayor, recorder, fix aldermen, and as' 
 many afCftants* The improvements ia 
 this city., within a few years pat't, havs; 
 beetrt very great" in almoft all refpe^s- 
 Wharves have been built on the river, 
 the ftreets have been paved, a bank in- 
 ftituted, a new and hxndfome flyle of 
 building introduced, and excellent wa-' 
 ter is condu(5tcd into the various parts of 
 the city, from a fine fprlng 5 miles weft 
 of the city. For thefc improvements tlie 
 inhabitants are indebted to the patriotic 
 exertions of a very few gentlemen. One 
 mile north of this city, in its fuburbs, 
 near the manor houfeof the late lieutenaiit 
 governor Van RenfTalaer, arc very ingen- 
 ioufly conftrudlcd, extenfive and ufeful 
 works, for the maaufaflure of Scotch and 
 rappee fnufF, roll and cut tobacco of dif- 
 ferent kinds, chocolate, muftard, ftarch, 
 hairpowder, fplit peafe, and hulled bar- 
 ley. Thefc valuable works are the prop- 
 erty of Mr. James Caldwell, who un- 
 fortunately loft a complete fct of fimilar 
 works, by fire, in July, 1794, with the 
 fiocL, valued at 37,jco dollars. U is a 
 circumftancc 
 
Alb 
 
 ALF 
 
 eircumftance xvorthy of remark, and i» 
 evincive of the induftry and cnterprife 
 t>f the proprietor, that the whole of the 
 prefent buildings and machinery were be- 
 gun and completed in the Hiort fpace of 
 eleven months. Thefc works are decid- 
 edly liiperior to any of the kind in Amer- 
 ica. All the articles above enumerated, 
 even to the fpinning of tobacco, are man- 
 tjfaclured by the aid of water machinery, 
 tor the invention of this machinery the 
 proprietor has obtained a patent. 7 hefe 
 v-orksgive employment and fubhftence to 
 40 poor hoys, and a number of workmen. 
 lAen who make fuch eiForts to advance 
 American manufadlures, defervc well of 
 their country^ In th? year 1609 Henry 
 Hudfon, wbofe name the river bears, at- 
 cended it in his boat to Aurania, the fpot 
 on whicli Albany now ftands. 1 he let- 
 tJement of this city commenced about the 
 year 1612 and next to Jameflown in 
 Virginia, is the oldeft in the United States. 
 It was called Be-vn-tvyck till 1623, theili 
 Fort Orange till 1 64 7, then Willi cnijladt 
 till 1664, when it received the name of 
 Albany. All this time it had the nick- 
 name of the Fuyck, and did not loofe the 
 name of Fort Orange, efpecially v/ith for- 
 eigners, fort Orange, 'Cvas built in 1623. 
 YcUs MS. Let. ' 
 
 AlhanxyZ Britiili fortrefs in New South 
 vVales, in N America, fituatcd on the 
 river of the fame name. N lat. 52 14, 40 
 W Ion. 815938. 
 
 Albany Rivsr, falls into Jame's bay, in 
 N America, in N lat.5 1 30, W long. 84 30. 
 This river runs in a N E diree^tion, and 
 lias communication with a vaft chain of 
 fmall lakes, in a line S W to the S end of 
 Winnipeg lake, a body of water next in 
 iize to Lake Superior. 
 
 xllhnnarle County, in Virginia, h'es be- 
 tween the blue ridge and the tide waters, 
 and contains 9003 free inhabitants, and 
 7436 (laves. Its extent about 2)5 miles 
 fquare. Rich mines of iron ore have been 
 difcovered in this county. 
 
 Albemarle Sound, QTi tiie COaft of North 
 Carolina, is a kind of inland fea, 60 miles 
 in length, and from 8 to I2 in breadth. 
 It lies north of Pamplico Sound, and 
 c-ommunicatcs with it; as it iikewife does 
 ivith Currituck Inlet. I: receives Roan- 
 oke and Mehcrrin rivers ; and the paf- 
 fage into it from the fea is tailed Roan- 
 cke Inlet. 
 
 Albion, Ne.tu, the name given by Sir 
 Francis Drake to California, and part of 
 the N W Goaft of America, when he took 
 
 pofTeluon of It. A large traa of the N 
 W coafi: is thus called. Capt. Cook land- 
 ed on a part of this coafl: on the 7th of 
 March, 1778, in N lat. 74 33, E Ion?. 
 ^25 lOj which he thtis defcril)ts : " 1 he 
 |j land is full of mountains, the tops of 
 !{ which aie covered .virh fuow ; while the 
 ji valiies 'between them, and the grounds 
 ti on the fea coafl, high as well as low, are 
 jj covered wiih trees, which form a beauti- 
 ll ful profpedl. as one vail foreft. At iirfi 
 I the natives if^emed to prefer iron to every 
 !' (>iher article of comm.crce ; at lart thty 
 I preferred brafs. They v/ere more tcna- 
 I cious of tlieir property than any of the 
 '; favage nations that had hitherto been 
 m.et wiih ; io that they would not pait 
 with wood, water, grafs, nor the moft 
 trifling article without a compenfation, 
 and were fometimes very unreafonable 
 in their demands." 
 
 Aleff/pif^on, a Imall lake northward of 
 Lake Superior. 
 
 Alessandria, a townflnp in Grafton co, 
 N Hampfliire, containing 303 inhabit- 
 ants ; incorporated in 1782. 
 
 Alexandria, a townfliip in Hiinterdon 
 CO. N Jc:-fey, containing 1503 inhabitants. 
 Alexandria, a fmall town in Huntingdon 
 CO. Pennfylvania, on the Frankflown 
 branch of Juniatta river ; 192 miles N 
 W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Alexandria, formerly called Belhaven, a 
 city in Virginia, lituated on the fouthern 
 bank of the Patowmac river, in Fairfax 
 CO. about 5 miles S W from the Federal 
 City, 60 S W from Baltimore, 60 N from 
 Fredcrickfburgh, 168 N of Williamfburgh, 
 and 290 from the fea ; 38 45 N lat. and 
 77 10 \V long. Its fituarion is elevated 
 arid plcafant. I'he foil is clayey. The 
 original fettlers, anticipating its future 
 growth and importance, laid out the 
 ftreets on the plan of Philadelphia. It 
 H contains about 500 houfes, many of 
 j; which are handfomely built, and 4196 
 
 II free inhabitants, and 87J flaves.^ This 
 ! city, upon opening the navigation of 
 ] Patowmac river, and in confequence of 
 ! its vicinity to the feat of the federal gov- 
 t ernment, bids fair to be one of the mofl 
 j thriving commercial places on the con- 
 tinent. 
 
 Alford, a townfliipin Bcrkfi-iire county, 
 Mafl'achufetts, containing 518 inhabit- 
 ants ; between Great Barrington and 
 W Stockbridge. 
 
 ^//"<5/-rf)?o-^«, a fmall town in Moor coun- 
 ty, North Carolina. 
 Alfred^ a town in York ca, Maine, ly- 
 ing 
 
ALL 
 
 ALL 
 
 u>.g between Sanford, Shaplcigh, Coxhall 
 and Waterborough. A braucli of Mou- 
 i'om river pallcs throiit'li it into Wells. 
 In the ftate police this townfiiip ia 
 called a diftri<5i, and is by law joined 
 with -iiiiford in the ekclion of a rcnrf- 
 fcntytivc to the ftate legiflaturc. 
 
 A'gorquins, an Indian nation in Uppci 
 Canada, on the nortli fide of Lake Huron- 
 
 Alburg, atQwnfliip in Franklin county,- 
 ycimont, containing 7|o inhabiloait^. 
 It lies in tlie N W corner of the date on 
 the Canada Jinc, at the north end of Lake 
 ChamplaJn. 
 
 Alkjnfas. See Athanfas River. 
 
 A\'eg/jjny Mountains, between the At- 
 lantic ocean, the Milllfippi river, and 
 the lakes, are a long and broad range of 
 jr,oiintains, made up of a great nund)er of 
 ridges, Extending northeafterly and fuuth- 
 wcflcrly, nearly parallel to the fca coaft, 
 ibout 900 miles in length, and from 60 to 
 J50 and aoo miles in breadth. Air. Evans 
 obferves, with refpecc to that pait of thel'e 
 mountains which he travelled over, viz. in 
 theback parts of Pennfyivania,thatfcarce- 
 ly one acre in ten is capable of culture. 
 This, however, is far from being the cafe 
 in all parts of this range. Numerous 
 tracts of fine arable and grazing land 
 intervene between the ridges. The 
 diiFerent ridges which compole this im- 
 menfe range of mountains, have different 
 names In the ditlercnt fiates, viz. the Blue 
 Ridge, the North Mountain, OV North RiJge, 
 pr Devil's Baclhone, Laurd RUge, "Jack/on ^ 
 Mountains ^ZW^Kittatiuny Mountains ; which 
 fee un4er thtfe names- All thele ridges, 
 except the AHighany, are broken through 
 by rivers, which appear to have forced 
 their way through folid rocks. This prin- 
 cipal ridge is more immediately called 
 Alleghany, and is defcriptivcly named 
 tl;c Backbone of the United States. From 
 thefe feveral ridges proceed innumerable 
 branches, or fpuis. The general name of 
 the whole range, taken colledtively, fecms 
 not yet to have been determined, Mr. 
 Evans calls them the £ndlefs Mountains ; 
 others have called them the yliJpalachain 
 Mountains, from a tribe of Indians who 
 live on a river wJiich proceeds from this 
 mountain, called the Appalachicola ; 
 but the moil common name is the 
 Alcghany Mountains, io called probably, 
 from the principal ridge of the range. 
 Thefe mountains are not confufedly 
 fcattcred, riung here and there into 
 Ingh peaks, overtopping each other ; but 
 ru*i along in uniform ridges, fcajcely half 
 
 a mile high. They fprc-jad as you proceed 
 louth, and feme of them terminate in 
 high perpendicular blufTs : others gradu- 
 ally fublide into a level country, giving 
 rife to the rivers which run fbuthcrly in- 
 to the Gulf of jVlexico. 
 
 Allegh<-iny River, in Pcnnfylvania, rife^ 
 on the wcftern iids of the Alleghany 
 Mountain, and after running about 200 
 miles in a S W uireiition, rneets the Mo- 
 uongahcla at Pictfburg, and both united, 
 form the Ohio. The lands on each lide 
 of this river, foi' 130. miles above Pittl- 
 burg, coniid of white oak and chefnut 
 ridges, and, in many places, of poor 
 pitch pines, interfperfed with tradls of 
 good land, and low meadows. 'I his riv- 
 er, and the Ohio likewife, from its head 
 waters until it enters the Miflifippi, arc 
 known and called by the name of Allegha- 
 ny River, by the Seneca, and other tribes 
 of the Six Nations, who once inhabited it. 
 
 Alleghany County, in Pennfylvania, for- 
 merly extended from the jundtion of the 
 river of that naijae with the Ohio, where 
 its chief town, Pittfourg, is fituated, tq 
 the l-Jew York line. It has lately been 
 divided. It contains 15,087 inhabitants, 
 including 79 flaves. 
 
 Alleghany, is the mofl: weftern county iR 
 Maryland, and has Pennfvlvania on the 
 north. The windings of the Patowmac 
 River feparate it from yirginia on thf: 
 fouth, and Sidelinghill Creek divides it 
 from Wailiington county on the eafl. It 
 contains 6303 inhabitants, including 499 
 flaves. Cumberland is its chief town. 
 The principal rivers which pafs through 
 this county, behde the Patowmac are 
 Youghegany and Savage rivers, Wills and 
 Town creek, In fome parts are found 
 large quantities of iron ore, limertone,and 
 ftone coal. The mofl: common produce 
 of the county is wheat, rye, barley, corn, 
 I oats, buckwheat, iiemp, flax, potatoes and 
 
 tobacco. 
 ! Allemaengel, 3. fmall Moravian fettle- 
 njent on Swetara River in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Alletnand, a river which falls into the 
 I Miiriiippi from the S E about 43 miles S 
 of the Natches, 
 
 Allenjhivn, a town in New Jerfey, in 
 Monmouth county, 15 rniles N E from 
 Burlington, and 13 S by E from Prince- 
 ton. 
 
 Allenfoivn, a townfliip in Rockingliam 
 county, New HampHiire, containing 315 
 inhabitants ; lituated on the E fide of 
 Merrimack river, 25 miles N W of Exe- 
 ter, and 40 from Portfinouih. 
 
AM A 
 
 AM A 
 
 Allen Terr,?, in Pennfylvania, North- 
 hampton CO. on the ptiint of land formed 
 ivy Jordan's creek, and the Little Lchiegh. 
 i% contains about 90 houfes, and an acad- 
 cniy. 
 
 Allmvay Crech, in Salem cc. N Jerfey, 
 empties into the Delaware. \t is iiaviga- 
 ^jie 30 or /50 miles, but very crooked, and 
 kiterirupted by ieveral draw i)ridges. 
 
 AU Saints, iilands near Guadaloupe 
 sSand, in the Weft Indies. 
 
 All Siii.vts, a parilli in Georgetown dif- 
 trpct, S Carolina, ft fends a mcntber to 
 icaeb houfe of th-e Rate Icgiiilature. 
 
 All Saints Bay,, a capiainfliip in the 
 middle dlvifion of Brazil, fo called from 
 a large bay of ihat name, l>ounded N by 
 the Ria Real \ on ihc S by ttiat of Las 
 llliieos ; on the E by th« ocean ; and on 
 tlveWliy three unconquered nations of 
 fodians. It i.s reckoned one of the richeft 
 and mofl: fertile captainlliips in all Brazil, 
 producing greai qaantitics of cotton and 
 •fi!^f»r. The bay itfelf is about 2\ leagues 
 ovcr,inter.fperfed with a number of final!, 
 bttt pleafant iflands, and is of prodigious 
 advaittage to the whole country. It has 
 feveral cities and towns, particaarly St 
 Salvador, which is its capital. All Snints 
 Ij^Y lies in Ut. 12 3 S, ion. 40 10 W. See 
 Siil':>aJ(ir. 
 
 Alniaria. See Villa Rica. 
 Alrnira^a town in Mexico, See Angelas. 
 A^mjhury, commonly called Afnejhury, is 
 a fioyrifliing town in Elfcx county, Maf- 
 fechufctts, 00 the north weftern bank of 
 Merrimack river, about. 5 miles N W 
 ef Ncwbujryport, containing 1 157 inhab- 
 itants. I*owa\vs river divides the town- 
 Tnip from Saliibury, over which a hand- 
 iomc bridge has lately been ere<5>ed. A 
 number of mills, and a nail manufadlory 
 tT:andon the lower falie. See F^'warcs river. 
 A'Jleati, a townfliip in Chcfliire co. N 
 Hampiliire, containing 1606 inhabitants, 
 8 miles S from Charleftown. 
 
 Alton, a townlhip in StrafFord ca N 
 Hampfliirc, N E from Bnrnftcad, and 
 has 721 inhabitants. 
 
 Aharado, a river in New Spain, which 
 rlfes in the mountains of the Zapotecas, 
 and, after making a circuit through the 
 proviiice of Mazaitan, and rceeiving fev- 
 tral fmaller rivers and ftreams, empties 
 into the Gulf of Mexico, at 30 miles dif- 
 tance from Vera Cruz. 
 
 Amanihn, a town on the coalT: of Qui-* 
 ana, between Paramaribo and Cayenne 
 Atnapalla, ^^ feaport town in the prov- 
 ince of GuatimKia, in North Amc:;ica, on 
 
 a gulf of the fame name, 220 miles S E 
 of the town of Guatimala, N lat. 12 30, 
 W Ion. 86 40, 
 
 Amarifcoggin Ri-ver See Androfcoggin. 
 Anratiqurs, a feaport town at the mouth 
 of Guanacos river, which empties intr^ 
 the Amatique galf, or gulf of Hondtira!-;, 
 in the province of Vera Pas, Mexico. 
 The inhabitants are chiefly logwood cut- 
 ters, and on the S p f the gulf is a traA of 
 land called Amatique land. Lat. 15 23 N. 
 Lon. 89 W. 
 
 A"ic:zc;7ia, a large country in S Ameri- 
 ca, 1400 miles in length, and 900 in 
 breadth ; lituated bettveen the equator 
 and 20 S lat. and bounded N by Terr^ 
 Firma and G-uiana ; E by Braail ; S by 
 Paraguay, and \Vt»y Peru ; but has nev- 
 CT. yet been thoroughly explored. The 
 river Am.azon, called alfo Maragnoa,the 
 largefl: in the known world, gives name to 
 this country. A great number of rivers 
 which rufli down with amazing impetu- 
 ofity from the eaftern declivity of the An- 
 des, unite in a fpacious plain^ and form 
 this imn;enfe river, in its progrefs it 
 rua? 3300 miles from W to E acrofs 
 Soiith America. Some of the rivers 
 which fall into it are very broad and 
 deep. The chief of thtfe, from the S 
 and S W proceeding from the mo.uth 
 weftward, are Araguaya, Paratinaa, Ma- 
 deira, Purus, Yulay, Yulacina, and Uc- 
 ayni, rivers. From the Nand N W pro- 
 greffing from its mouth, are Parma, Ne- 
 gro, Yupura, IfTa, and Napo, which laft 
 i rifcs near the town of Archidona, about 
 150 miles caftward of Quito. The Ama- 
 :zon is interfperfed with a great number 
 ofiflands, which are too ofcen overflow- 
 ed to admit of culture. It falls into the 
 Atlantic ocean under the equator, and is 
 there 150 miles broad. It received its 
 prefent name from Frai\cis d'Orillana, 
 who faid he faw armed women on it? 
 banks. He was deputed, in 15 16, to. 
 penetrate into the courfcs of this river, 
 which he did with an armed fliip, and 
 fought fevcral nations of Indians, till he 
 came to that place where he faw the 
 armed women, who, with bows and ax- 
 rows, oppofed his paflage. The air i? 
 cooler in this couijtry than conld be ex- 
 pecfled, conJidering it is fituated in the 
 middle of the torrid zone. This is part- 
 ly owing to the heavy rains which occa- 
 lion the rivers to overflow their banks 
 one half of the year, and partly to the 
 cloudincfs of the weather , which obfcures 
 the fun a great part of the time -t is above 
 
 thp 
 
r 
 
AMB 
 
 AME 
 
 the horizon. During the rainy, feafoil, 
 the country is fubjed: to dreadful ftorms 
 of thunder and lightning. The foil is 
 extremely fertile, producing a great vari- 
 » ety of the tropical fruits ; likewifc a varie- 
 ty of timber, as cedar, redwood, oak, 
 ebony, logwood, and many other Ibrts 
 of dying wood ; together with tobacco, 
 fugar canes, cotton, potatoes, balHim, hon- 
 ey, &c. The woods abound with tigers, 
 wild boars, ImfFaloes, deer, and game 
 of various kinds» The rivers and lakes 
 abound with iifli. Here are alfo fca 
 cows and turtles ; l>ut the alligators and 
 \iater fcrpents render fifliing a danger- 
 ous employment. The natives of this 
 country are of a good liature, have hand- 
 fome features, long black hair, and are 
 of a copper colour. They are faid to 
 have a tafte fdr the imitative arts, cfpecial- 
 ly painting and fculpture, and turn out 
 good mechanics. They fpiu and weave 
 cotton cloth. Their houl'esarebuiltwith 
 wood and clay, and thatched with reeds. 
 
 Their arms in general, are darts and 
 32vtiins,bows and arrows, with targets of 
 cane or fiili iTcins. The feveral nations 
 are governed by chiefs or caciques ; it 
 being obfervable that the monarchical 
 form of government has prevailed almofl: 
 iinivcrfally, both among ancient and mod- 
 ern nations, in a rude ftate of fociety. 
 The regalia which diftinguifli tlie chiefs, 
 are a crown of parrot's feathers, a chain 
 of tiger's teetli or claws, which hang 
 round the waift, and a Avoodcn fv/ord. 
 
 Amber Bay, on the peninfulaof Yucatan, 
 in the bay of Honduras, lies N of Afcen- 
 Jton bay^ which fee. 
 
 Amber greefe Key ^■ZXi'x^Z.wdi. in Hanover 
 bay, on the call fide of the peniniula of 
 Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras. Ir 
 runs along the mouth of the bay, is 70 
 miles long, but very narrow. See Afcen- 
 Jioii bay. 
 
 Amboy. See Perth Ambcy. 
 
 Ambrofe, St. an ifland in the S. Pacific 
 ocean, on the coaft of Chili, 4 or 5 leagues 
 due W from St. Felix i(land. At lirft view, 
 it appears like twofmall iflands, but after 
 a nearer approach, it is found they are 
 joined by a reef. It lies in 26 13 S lat. 
 and 80 ^5 W long, from Greenwich. 
 There is a large rock 4 miles to the 
 northward of the ifland, called, from its 
 appca ranee, 5j;/i?o<;i. Capt. Roberts, who 
 •was here in 1792, found St. Felix iHaiul 
 inacceffible. On St. Ambrofe ifland, his 
 crew killed and cured 13,000 feal Ikins of 
 thebe ft quality, in fevcn weeks Theifla'nd 
 VvL. J. ' 8 
 
 has Uttle elfe to recommend it. Fifli and 
 crawfith abound. The beft feafon for feal- 
 ing is from the ift of April to the ift of 
 Auguft. The ifland has the appearance of 
 having had volcanic eruptions, 
 
 Amelia, a county in Virginia, fituated 
 between the blue ridge and the tide waters, 
 having Cumberland county N, Prince 
 George county E, and l.,unengburg coun- 
 ty S and W. AmeUa contains 2848 free 
 inhabitants, and 6585 flaves. An acade- 
 my has lately been eftablifhed and incor- 
 porated here by the name of JeffcrfoA 
 academy. 
 
 Amelin IJle, on the coaft of E Florida, 
 lies about 7 leagues N of St. Auguftine, 
 and very near Talbot ifland on the S, at 
 the mouth of St. John's river. It is 13 
 miles long and a broad, is very fertile, 
 and has an excellent harbour. Its N end 
 lies oppofite Cumberland ifland, between 
 which and AmeHa ifle is the entry into 
 St. Mary's river, in N lat. 30 52, W Ion. 
 67 23. 
 
 Amel'ms, Ecor a, is a fouth caftern head 
 branch of Wabafli river, whofe mouth is 
 9 miles N E from the mouth of Salamauie 
 river, and 45 miles S W from the Miami 
 village and fort. 
 
 Amoenia, a thriving townfliip in Dutch- 
 efs county, New York, 6 mih s diftant 
 from Sharon, in Connedticut. It contains 
 3078 inhabitants, of whom 383 are eletft- 
 ors. 
 
 America, is one of the four quarters of 
 the w^orld, probably the largeil of the 
 whole- and is from its late difcovery. fre- 
 quently denominated the Neiu IVorld^ 
 or Neiv Hcmifpberc. Thii vafl: country, 
 extends from the 56th drgree of S lat. to 
 the north pole, and from the 3 Jth to the 
 i6jth degree of W long, from Greenwich. 
 It is nearly io,coo miles in length. Its 
 average breadth may be about 1800 or 
 2000 miles It has two fummers, and a 
 double winter, and crfjoys alm^jfl all the 
 variety of climates which the earth af- 
 fords. It is waihed by two great oceans. 
 To the eaflward it has the Atlantic, 
 which devidcs it from Europe and Africa. 
 To the W it has the Pacific, or Great 
 South Sea, by which it is feparated from. 
 Afia. By thcfe it carries on a dircdl com- 
 merce with the other three parts of the 
 world. America is divided into two great 
 .continents, called North and South Amer- 
 ica, by an ifthmus about 500 miles long; 
 and w^hich, at Darien, about lat. 9 N, i$ 
 only 60 miles over ; other writers fay 34 
 m<l©8. This iflh^ius, with the northern 
 
 and 
 
A ME 
 
 A ME 
 
 aitd foutlicrn continents, forms the Gulph 
 of Mexico, in and near wliich lie the ill- 
 ands, ciillcd the IVcjl J/idUs, in coutradif- 
 tinclion to the eaflern parts of Alia, which 
 are called the E.^Jl laJh-s. la America 
 nature fcems to have carried on her op- 
 cratipns upon a larger I'calc, and witli a 
 bolder hand, and to have difl.inguillied the 
 features of this country by a peculiar 
 r.i.ignilicence. The mountains of America 
 are much fupcrior in height to thofe iu 
 the other divifions of tlie globe. Even the 
 plain of Quito, which may be conlidered 
 ;is the bafe of the Abides, is elevated farther 
 above the level o^ the fea than the top of 
 the Pyrenees in Europe; and Chimbora- 
 zo, the moil elevated point of the Andes, 
 ts 20,x8o feet high, which is at Icafl 710Z 
 feet above the peak of TenerifFe. From 
 the lofty and cxtenfive mountains of 
 America, defcend rivers, with which the 
 tlr earns of Europe:, of Aila, of of Africa^ 
 arc not to be compared, either for length 
 of courlejOr for the vaft body of water, 
 ■which they convey to the ocean. The 
 Danube, the Indus, the Changes, or the 
 Kile, in the eaflcrn hemil'phere, are not 
 of equal magnitude even with the St. Law- 
 rence, the MiJlouri, or the Miflifippi, in 
 North America ; and fall far Ihort of the 
 Amazon, and the La Plata in South 
 America. The lakes of the New World 
 are no lei's conlpicuous for grandeur than 
 its mountains and rivers. There is noth- 
 ing in other parts of the globe which re- 
 fembles the prodigious chain of lakes in 
 North America, viz. Superior, Michigan, 
 Huron, Erie, and Ontario. They may be 
 properly termed inhuidfeas of frefli wa- 
 ter. And even thofe of the fecond or 
 third clafs, are of greater circuit, (theCaf- 
 pian fea excepted) than the greatefl lake 
 of the ancient continent. The luxuriance 
 of the vegetable creation in the New 
 World is extremely great. In the fouth- 
 ern provinces, where the moifturc of the 
 climate is aided by the v/arn.rh of the fun, 
 the woods are almoft impervious, and the 
 furface of the ground is hid from the eye 
 under a thick covering of ilirubs, of herbs, 
 and weeds. In the northern prox'inces, 
 alihfmgh the forefls are not incumbered 
 witli the fame wild luxuriance of vegeta- 
 tion, the trees of various fpecies are gener- 
 ally more lofty, and often much larger, 
 than are to be feen in any other parts of 
 the world. This vaft country produces 
 mofl: of the metals, minerals, plants,fruits, 
 &c. to be met with in the other parts of 
 the world, and many of them in greater 
 
 quantities, and in high perfection, llisr 
 gold and filver of America have fupplitd 
 Europe with thofe precious metals. The 
 gold and filver of Europe now bear httle 
 proportion to the high price fet upon 
 them before the difcovery of America. It 
 alio produces diamonds, pearls, emeralds, 
 amethyfts, and other valuable flones. To 
 thefe, which are chiefly the productions of 
 iouth America, may be added a great 
 number of other commodities, which, 
 thougli of lefs price, are of much greater 
 uf j. Of thefe are the plentiful fuppUes 
 of cochineal, indigo, anatto, logwood, bra- 
 zil, fuftic, pimenta, lignumvitse, rice, gin- 
 ger, cocoa, or the chocolate nut, lugar, 
 cotton, tobacco, banillas, redwood, the 
 balfams of Tolu, Peru, and Chili, that 
 valuable article in medicine, the Jefuit'a 
 bark, mechoacan, faffafras, farfaparilla, 
 cailia, tamarinds, hides, furs, ambergrife, 
 and a great variety of woods, roots, and 
 plants, to which, before the difcovery of 
 America, the Europeans were either en- 
 tire flrangers, or which they were forced 
 to buy at an extravagant rate from Afia 
 and Africa, through the hands of the Ve- 
 netians and Genoefe, who then engrolTed 
 the trade of the eafl:ern world. On thif' 
 continent there grows alfo a varietv of 
 excellent native fruits ; as pine apples, 
 citrons, lemons, oranges, pomegranate?* 
 fig^', grapes, a great variety of culinary, 
 medicinal, and other herbs, roots and 
 plants, with many exotfc productions, 
 which are brought to as great perfeClioa 
 as in their native foil. Notwithflanding 
 the many fettlements of the Europeans on 
 this continent, great part of America re- 
 mains almoft unknown. N America con- 
 tains the four Eritifh provinces, viz. i. 
 Upper Canada ; 1. Loiver Canada, to which 
 are annexed Nciv Britain, and the ifland 
 of Cape Breton : 3. Nezv Brunfiiick ,• 4. No- 
 I'u Scotia, to which is annexed Si. Johns 
 J/land. Belldes thefe are the iflands of 
 Neirf.Hindland, and the United States, It con- 
 tains alfo the Spanifli territories of Florida^ 
 Neiv Mexico, California, Jl'fcxieo, and JLow 
 ifiana, lately purchafed by the U States. 
 Bcfide thefe, there are immenfe unexplor- 
 ed regions to the W and N W. In the 
 fouthern continent, lie the Spanifli prov- 
 inces of Terra Firm a, Guiana, Peru, Fara- 
 ^:tay, and Chili; together -with that of 
 Brazil, belonging to the Portuguefe, and 
 the country of Surinam, belonging to the 
 Dutch. Vaft traCls, however, in the in- 
 land parts, are unknown, being compre- 
 hended under the general name of Ama- 
 
 zon:a% 
 
AME 
 
 A ME 
 
 rorua, formerly called Maragnon. A 
 large diftriA alfo lies between the flralts 
 of Magellan and the . province of Para- 
 guay, called Patagonlay little k';iown. A- 
 rierica, fo far as known, is chiefly claimed 
 and divided into colonies, by three Euro- 
 pean nations, the Spaniai-ds, Britifli, and 
 Portuguefe. The Spaniard"?, as they firft 
 difcovered it, have the largeft and richeft 
 portion, extending from Louifiana and 
 New Mexico, in N America, to the ftraits 
 of Magellan, in the South Sea, except- 
 ing the large province of Brazil, which 
 belongs to Portugal ; for, though the 
 French and Butch have feme forts upon 
 ^Surinam and Guiana, they fcareely deferve 
 to be confidered as proprietors of any part 
 of the fouthern continent. Next to Spain 
 the raoft confiderable proprietor of Ame- 
 rica was Great Britain, who derived her 
 claim to N America from the firfl dilcov- 
 ery of that continent, by Sebaftian Cabot, 
 in the name of Henry VII. of England, in 
 the year 1497, about 6 years after the dif- 
 covery of S America by Columbus, in the 
 name of the king of Spaii"u The country 
 was in general called NeivfoundUvui, a name 
 which is now appropriated folely to an 
 iHand on its coafl. It was a long time be- 
 fore the Engliflr made any attempt to fet- 
 tle in this country. Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 an uncommon genius, and a brave com- 
 mander, iirit fliewed the way, by planting 
 a colony in the fouthern part, which he 
 called Virginia, in honor of queen Eliza- 
 beth, who w^s unmarried. The French, 
 indeed, from this period until the conclu- 
 fion of the war of 1756, laid a claim to, 
 and a<ftually poflefied, Canada and I.ouiii- 
 ana ; but, in that war, they were not only 
 driven from Canada, and its dependencies, 
 but obliged to relinquifh all that part of 
 Louifiana lying on the E fide of the Mlffi- 
 iippi ; and the Britifh colonies, at the 
 peace of 1763, extended fo far as to ren- 
 der it difficult to afcertain the preclfe 
 bounds of the empire of G Britain in N 
 America. To the northward, Britain 
 might have extended her claims quite to 
 the pole. From that extremity, flie had a 
 territory extending fouthward to C.ipe 
 Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, in N lat. 
 25, and, confequently, near ^oco miles in 
 a direct line. And to the weftward, the 
 boundaries were unknown ; but having 
 entered into impolitic difputes with her 
 colonies. Hie brought on a war, of which 
 Tiie felt the ruinous eftedls, by the dlfmem.- 
 berment of her empire in N America : 
 ««d Britifli America, at the peace in 1783, 
 
 was circumrcrlbed within the nnrrovv lim- 
 its already mentioned. America was very 
 probably peopled early after the flood. 
 See Wall Siihterranc<Tn, Who were the 
 firft people of America ? And whence did 
 they come ? are queflions concerning 
 which much has been laid nnd written. 
 Dr.Robertfon and the AbbeCIavigero have 
 attempted a folution of them. A fum- 
 mary of their opinions may be found in the 
 American Unii'erfal Geography. It has been 
 common, in eftimating the population of 
 the whole world, to allow 150 millions to 
 America. But this is probably five times 
 their real number. For if \xc fuppofe 
 every part of the whole continent of A- 
 merica to be as populous as the U States, 
 (which is not the cafe) the whole number 
 will be but about 6c millions. The exaA 
 number is probably not more than 
 30,000,00a The prefent Americans may 
 be divided into two general claffes. Firlt, 
 the proper Americans, com.monly called In- 
 dians, fometimes Aborigines, or thofe who 
 are defcended from the firft inhabitants of 
 the new world, and vv'ho have not mixed 
 tlieir blood with the inhabitantc} of the old 
 continent. Secondly, thofe who have mi- 
 grated, or have been tranfported to Am.e- 
 rica, fince its difcovery by Columbus, aaid 
 their defcendants. 'I'he former may be 
 fubdivided Into three clafTes. Firft, the 
 S American Indians, v.'ho probably came 
 over from the northern and weflern parts 
 of Africa, and the fouthern parts of Afia 
 and Europe. Secondly, the Mexicans, and 
 all the Indians fouth of the lakes and weft 
 of the MllTifippI. Thirdly, the inhabit- 
 ants of Efquimeaux, Labrador, and the 
 countries around them. The latter may 
 alfo be diftinguiflied into three clalTes. 
 Firfl, Europeans of many diflerent nations, 
 who have migrated to America, and their 
 defcendants, of unmixed blood. In this 
 clafs we include t\\Q Spaniards, Englifh, 
 Scotch, Irifli, French, Portuguefe, Ger- 
 mans, Dutch, Swedes, Sec. both in N and 
 S Am.crica. Secondly, Africans, who 
 have been tranfported to America and its 
 illands, and their defcendants. Thirdly, 
 the mixed breeds called by the Spaniards, 
 Cajlas, by the Englifli, Mulattoes, that is, 
 thofe wlio are defcended from an Euro- 
 pean and an American, or fi-om an Euro- 
 pean and African, or from an African and 
 American. 
 
 Amcfbiiry. See Almjlttry. 
 
 Ameivcll., is the moft populous town in. 
 Hunterdon co. N Jerfey. It contained in 
 1-9 0JJ20I inhabitants. It is on Dela- 
 ware 
 
AMO 
 
 ANC 
 
 Wai-e river, between Kingwood and Hope- 
 well, 34 miles N of Philadelphia. 
 
 yi;/;. - "'^, a towialilp iu Cumberland co. 
 Nova Sco-ia, on Chigned:o Bafon, on the 
 S lide of JLa Planch River, and on the riv- 
 ers Napan and Maccn. Tiie navigation 
 of the two iaft is difficult on account of 
 ilioals. The town was fettled by North 
 Irifli, Yorkfnire and New England people. 
 
 Amherji, a h^lf fhire town of Hilll- 
 borough CO. N Hampfliire, formerly Sov 
 hegan Wejl^ and was originally granted 
 from Majfachufetts. It has 2150 inhabit- 
 ? ants, and was incorporated in 1 762. The 
 Aurean Academy was founded here in 
 1 790. It is on a northern branch, of Sou- 
 hegan River, wliich falls into the Merri- 
 mack, and is 60 miles W of Portfmouth, 
 and 53 N W of Bofton. N lat. 42 54, W 
 Ion. 71 33. 
 
 Amherji, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 TMaflachufetts, containing 1358 inhabit- 
 ants ; 87 miles W from Bofton, and 8 N 
 E from Northampton. 
 
 Amherji County, in Virginia, lies between 
 the Blue Ridge and the tide waters, and 
 contains 9339 free inhabitants, and 746a 
 Haves. It lies on the north of James Riv- 
 er, and has a copper mine not worked. 
 
 Amiaz, a fmall ifland on the coaft of 
 Brazil, on which the towns of Santos and 
 St. Vincents were buik. Oppofite to both 
 fhips find excellent anchorage. 
 
 Af/iilpas, two volcanoes in the province 
 of Guatimala, in N Spain, near the moun- 
 tains of Soconufco. 
 
 Amh, a river which rifes in the Miffifip- 
 pi Territory, and after a foutherly courle 
 falls into the Iberville. It is navigable for 
 batteaux a conhderable diftance. 
 
 A^ffnoojiick , an Indian name give.n to 
 two rivei-s in N Hc.mpfliire : the one is 
 called Upper Amonocfuck, paffing through 
 a tradt of excellent meadow. It rifes near 
 the north end of the White Hills, runs 
 northerly about 15 miles, where is a car- 
 rying place of aboiit 3 miles to Ama- 
 rifcoggtn River. From thence the river 
 runs S W and W nearly 1 8 miles, and emp- 
 ties into the CcnnetSlicut at I'lorthum^er- 
 land, near the Upper Coos. The other is 
 called Great or Loiver Amonoofuck, which 
 rifes on the weft fide of the White Moun- 
 tains. It falls into the Connecticut juft 
 above the town of Haverhill in I^ower 
 Coos, by a mouth ico yards wide. About 
 a miles from its mouth it receives iVHd 
 Atnonoojuck, 40 yards wide, from Franco- 
 nia and Lincoln Mountains. Two or 
 three hours rain raifes the water in this 
 
 Iaft mentioned river feveral feet, and ac- 
 cafions a current fo furious as to put in 
 motion ftones of a foot in diameter, but 
 its violence foon fubfides. 
 
 Amotapcy a town in Peru, near Tumbez, 
 on a river of excellent water, and near 
 the fliore of the Pacific Ocean, furround- 
 ed by a country highly improved, lat. 4 
 1543S. 
 
 Ampallcy or Affjpalia, a city and feaport 
 in Guatimala Gulf, in that of Mexico, 350 
 miles S E of the city of Guatimala, and 
 carries on a briflc trade in cochineal, co- 
 coa, hides, indigo, &c. 
 
 Amparcs, a jurifdi<5lion under the arch- 
 bifiiop of Plata, eaftward of that city, ia 
 the empire of Peru. It abounds in grain 
 and cattle. 
 
 Af7jierdam,Neiv,-w?L% the name originally 
 given by the Dutch to the city of N York. 
 
 Amjierdatn,^ new townflii^ in Montgom- 
 ery CO. N York. It contains 1064 inhabit- 
 ants, 12 or 14 miles N W of Schenectady. 
 
 Amiijheag Falls, in New Hampihire, are 
 on Merrimack River, 16 miles below 
 Concord, and 7 below Hookfet Falls. 
 It coniifts of three pitches, one below the 
 other, fo that the water falls about 80 feet, 
 in the courfe of half a milp. The fecond 
 pitch, which may be feen from the road, 
 on the W fide, is truly majeftic. In the 
 middle of the upper part of the fall, is a 
 high rocky ifland, on the top of which are 
 a number of pits, made exad;ly round, like 
 barrels or hogflieads, fome of which are 
 capable of holding fevei-al 4ons ; formed 
 by the circular motion of fmall Hones, im~ 
 pelled by the force of the defcending wa- 
 ter. At the foot of the rapids, half a mile 
 below the principal fall, is a bridge 556 
 feet in length, and 20 in breadth, confift- 
 ing of 2000 tons of timber, and made pay- 
 able for travellers 57 days after it was be- 
 gun. A canal, with locks, around thefe 
 falls, is nearly completed. N lat. 42 59. 
 
 Anahuac^ the ancient Indian name of 
 New Spain, or Mexico. 
 
 Anajiatia, St. 3. fmall ifland clofe to the 
 coaft of Eaft Florida, S of Maftances inlet, 
 where the river Maftances forms two ill- 
 ands of the fame name at its mouth. St. 
 Anaftatia ifland is bounded on the N by 
 St. Auguftines' bar. Here is a quarry 
 of fine ftone for building. 
 
 Ancloic Point, on the Peninfula of Cali- 
 fornia, and coaft of the North Pacific O- 
 cean, lie? in the 30th deg. of N lat. and 
 u6th of W Ion. foutherly from the town 
 of Velicata, and N E from the fmall ifland 
 of Guadaloupe. 
 
 Ancecuc 
 
AND 
 
 AND 
 
 Attcecus Creel, in N Jerfey, a water of the 
 Pelaware, 6 miles. S W from Burlington. 
 It is navigable i6 miles ; and confiderable 
 quantities of lumber are exported from it. 
 
 Anco, a fmall town of S America, 3 
 leagues from the city of Guamanga. 
 
 Andamiaylas, a jurifdicbion in S Ameri- 
 ca, in Peru, fubjedt to the archbifliop of 
 Lima ; E by S of the city of Guamanga. 
 It abounds in fugar plantations, grain of 
 mod forts, and fruits. 
 
 Andalufia, Ni'iv, a province of Terra Fir- 
 jma,on the coaft of the Atlantic, oppofite 
 the Leeward Iflands. 
 
 Andafcs, an Indian nation in Canada. 
 
 Andes. The principal mountains on this 
 weftern continent are the Cordillera de lot 
 Andes, or Great Chain of Andes, in S A- 
 merica. They fcretch along the Pacific 
 Ocean from the ftraits of Magellan to the 
 idhmus of Darien or Panama, upwards of 
 4C00 miles ; thence they run through the 
 extenhve kingdom of New Spain, tiU they 
 jole themfelves in the unexplored coun- 
 tries of the north. In New Spain, the 
 moft confiderable part of this chain is call- 
 ed Sierra Madre, particularly in Cinaloa 
 imd Tarahumery, provinces 1200 miles 
 diftant from the capital. Further N they 
 have been called, from their bright ap*- 
 pearance, the Shining Mountains. The 
 height of Chimborazo, the moft elevated 
 point of this vafl: chain, is 20,280 feet a- 
 bove the level of che fea ; which is 7102 
 feet higher than any other mountain in 
 the known world. The Andes common- 
 ly form two ridges as they run, the one 
 higher and barren, and covered with 
 fnow, although in the torrid zone ; the 
 other fruitful in woods, groves, &c. The 
 Matter abounds with wild hogs ; and flieep 
 called guan^cos, refembling a camel in 
 fliape, but of a fmaller fize, whofe hair 
 for foftnefs, finenefs, and colour, is pre- 
 ferred to filk. The Andes have 16 volca- 
 noes, which break out in various places, 
 and by melting the fnow, occalion fuch j 
 torrents of water, that numbers of men [ 
 and cattle have perifhed. They are only 
 paflable in fummer, and require 3 or 4 
 days to reach the top of any one of the 
 highefl:. 
 
 Andover, a large, fertile and thriving pofl: 
 town in Effex co. MalTachufetts. It con- 
 tains 2941 inhabitants, in two pariflies. 
 In the South pariili are a paper mill and 
 powder mill, from the latter of which the 
 army received large fupplies of gimpow- 
 der in the late war. There is an excel- 
 lent academy in this town, called « Phil- 
 
 lips Academy," which owes its exiftencd 
 to the liberal benefadlions of tlie family 
 vv'hole name it bears. Another academy- 
 has lately been eftabliflied in the N par- 
 ifli. Andover is under excellent cultiva^ 
 tion, particularly that part which is wa- 
 tered by Shawfticen River. It lies about 
 20 miles "vV from JNewburyport, and about 
 22 N from Bofloti. 
 
 Andover, a town in Hiillborough co. N 
 Hampflxire, contains 11 33 inhabitants, and 
 was incorporated in 1779. 
 
 Andcver, is the fouth weOiernmoft town- 
 fliip in Windfor co. Vermont, has Chefterfi 
 on the E, 2« miles W of Charleftown, and 
 contains 10 16 inhabitants. 
 
 Andover, a town in SuiTex co. N Jerfey, 
 10 miles S of New Town. 
 
 Andre, St. a town in the kingdom of Le- 
 on, near the mouth of Nafias River, which 
 falls into the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Andreannffsjii JJlcs, a crefcent of ifles be- 
 tween Afia and America, difcovered in 
 1760. The natives relembie the Efqui- 
 meaux and Greenlanders in their language 
 and manners. They are idolaters. fce<? 
 Behrings Straits, and Nortl^ern Archipelago, 
 
 Andres, St. or Andreas, an i/land on the 
 Mufquito fhore, off the Pearl Keys. N 
 lat. 12 30, W Ion. 82 30. 
 
 Andreivs^ Si. a fmall town in N Bnmf- 
 wick ; lituated in the rear of an ifland of 
 the fame name, on the E iidc of the arm 
 of the inner bay of Pailamaqucddy, called 
 Scho'idick. The town is regularly laid out 
 in the form of an oblong fquare. 1 he 
 few inhabitants are chiefly employed in 
 the lumber trade. The common tides 
 rife here about 18 feet. 
 
 Andreivs, Si. a townfliip in Caledonia 
 CO. Vermont, about 20 miles N \V of New- 
 bury. 
 
 Atidreivs, St, a parifli in CharleHon dif- 
 tridt, S Carolina. 
 
 Andreivs Sound, St. lies S of Jekyl's Ifl- 
 and, and is formed by it and a fmall ifland 
 at the mouth of Great Satilia River. 1 ]ie 
 fmall river oppofite this found fepari^tes 
 Camden from Glynn co. in Georgia. 
 
 Andros, iflands on the S W of Provi- 
 dence, in the Bahama iflands, called by 
 the Spaniards, YUcs del Efpiritu Santo. 
 They take up a fpace of 30 iea^ues long 
 and 4 or 5 broad, interfedted by a number 
 of very narrow pafTages. 
 
 Androfcoggin, or Amerffco^ren Hivsr, in 
 Maine, may be called the main .wefiern 
 branch of the Kennebeck. Its fourccs are 
 N of I^ake Umbagog. Its courfe is fouth- 
 erly till it approaches near to the W'hije 
 Mountain^. 
 
ANG 
 
 ANG 
 
 Mountains, from which it receives Moofe 
 and Peabody rivers. It then turns to the 
 E, and then to the S E, in which courfe it 
 pafles within 2 miles of the fea coafl, 
 and then turning I>[ runs over Pejeplkaeg 
 falls into Merry Meeting Bay, where it 
 forms a junction with the Kennebeck, 20 
 miles from the fea. Formerly, from this 
 bay to the fea, the confluent ilream v/as 
 called Sagadahock. The lands on this 
 river are very good. Liiile Awerefccgvcn 
 xifes in Paris, and palTes through Hebron 
 and Poland, and enters great Amerefcog- 
 Ijlgen at the 20 mile falls, oppoiite Lewii- 
 town, about 25 miles of irregular courfe 
 from Merry Meeting Bay. I'he whole 
 length with all its windings is about 30 
 m.iles. It receives feveral flreams and 
 ponds, particularly the Range PondSjBran- 
 dy Pond, &c. 
 
 Ancgcda, one of the Virgin Ifles in the 
 Weft Indies, and dependent on Virgin Gor- 
 da. It is about 6 leagues long, is low, and 
 almoft covered by water at high tides. 
 On the S fide is Treafure Point. Lat. i8 
 35 N,lcn. 63 W. 
 
 Angaraez, a province in S America, in 
 Peru, fubjedl to the archbiibop of Lima, 
 10 leagues N W by W of the city of Gua- 
 m.anga. It abounds in all kinds of grain 
 and fruits, belide vaft droves of cattle for 
 labour and fuftenance. 
 
 Angeloy Fort oJ\ a harhcur on the S Sea 
 coafl, in the middle between St. Pedroand 
 Capolita ; a broad open bay, with good 
 anchorage, but bad landing ; and the 
 Spaniards reckon it as good a harbour as 
 Guatulis. 
 
 Angelas, ov Tlafcalczy a province of Me^:- 
 ico, extending between the N and S Seas, 
 having the Gulf of Mexico on the E, the 
 province of Guaxaca on the S E, the Pa- 
 cific Ocean on the S, the province of Mex- 
 ico Proper on the W, and that of Penuco 
 on the N, from which it is divided byTuf- 
 pa river or Cavones. From one fea to 
 the other is 100 leagues, about 80 along 
 the Gulf of Mexico, and ao upon the S 
 Sea coafl:. Its foil, climate, and produce, 
 are much the fame with Mexico Proper. 
 On the W fide is a chain of mountains of 
 1 8 leagues, well cultivated; and another 
 great ridge of mountains on the N W,the 
 neighbourhood of which fnbjetfls it to 
 fhocking tempefts, horrid hurricanes, and 
 frequent inundations ; yet this is allowed 
 to be the moll populous country of N 
 Spain, which is partly afcribed to its hav- 
 ing been an ally to Corte7.,in the conqueft 
 of Mexico, who obtained a grant of the 
 
 Emperor Charles V. then ah'o king of 
 Spain, by which it is to this day exempt 
 from ail fervice or duty to that' crown ; 
 and only pays the king of Spain an hand- 
 ful of maize per head, as an acknowledg- 
 ment, which inconfiderable parcels, al- 
 moft 60 years ago, amounted to near 
 13,000 bufliels; for it produces fo much 
 of that Indian corn, that from thence it 
 had the name of Tlafcala, i. e, the land of 
 bread, which name it gives to its principal 
 town. By this means the towns and vil- 
 lages fwarm with Indians. Its principal 
 towns are Acafuchith?,u,Achiachica, Tuf- 
 pa, Zacatlan, Cazeres, Naftia, or Almira, 
 Torre Bianca, Punta Delganda, Samputa, 
 Xalappa, Puebla, Tepeafa, Cordova, Pui>. 
 ta Brava, New Vera Cruz, &c. Tliey 
 fpeak the Spanifli tongue, and fcarcely 
 any other ; are perfectly reconciled totlie 
 Spanifli cuftoms, and grateful for the 
 countenance and deference fliewed to 
 them above their fellow provinces. It 
 was anciently governed by kings, till civil 
 wars ariling in it, the people formed 
 themfelves into an ariftocracy of many 
 princes, to get rid of one. They divided 
 the towns into diOerent diftricls, each of 
 Avhich named one of their chiefs to refide 
 in the court of llafcala, v.here they form- 
 ed a fenate, whofe relblutions v.-ere a law 
 to the whole. Under this form of gov- 
 ernment, they maintained themfelves a- 
 gainil the rulers of Mexico ; and continu-< 
 ed their ariftocracy till their reception of 
 the Spaniards under Cortez, whom they 
 ajGTifted with their numerous forces, and 
 accompliflied the ruin of that empire in, 
 1521. See Mexko. 
 
 Angola a town in the province of ChilJ^ 
 S America, 125 miles N of Baldiv^ia. S 
 lat. 37 36, "W Ion. 72 59. 
 
 Angra De Los Reyes, a tOV/n in the cap- 
 tainfliip of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, S A- 
 merica, fubjecft to the Portuguefe, about 
 36 miles from Rio de Janeiro. It is on 
 the coaft upon a fmall bay, from whence 
 it has its name ; being in Englifli ICing's 
 Bay. It has 2 churches, a monaftery, and 
 a fmall guard houfe of about 20 foldiers. 
 Its chief produce is fifli. Lat. 22 28 S, 
 Ion. 41 10 W. 
 
 A'l^uilla, or Snake JJland, fo called from 
 its windings and irregular form, being 10 
 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth ; 25 
 leagues N W of Barbuda, and 15 from St. 
 Chriftopher's. It is the moft northerly of 
 all the Caribbec iflands pofTefied by the 
 Britifh. It vv-as fettled in 1650. The in- 
 habitants iubfifl moflly by fanning, plant- 
 
ANN 
 
 ANN 
 
 ing Indian corn, and other kinds of huf- 
 bandry. The climate is very healthy, and 
 the inhabitants ftrong and vigorous. The 
 exports in 1770, amounted, in fugar, rum, 
 and cotton, to near 6000I. Loa 6z 10 
 W, lat. 18 4 N. 
 
 Aiigullla, a bank and iHand E of the 
 Great Bahama Bank, and N of the illand 
 of Cuba. Lon. 78 10 to 79 -|, lat. 
 ^ii t« 24 10 N. 
 
 AnguilL-y Cape, a point of land in New- 
 foundland ifland, on the W lide, in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 leagues N from 
 Cape Ray, the S W extremity of the ill- 
 and, in lat. 47 57 N. 
 
 Anguilte, a bay on the N N E fide of the 
 iOand of St. John's, in the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, oppoiite Magdalen Ifles ; and 
 havingSt. Peter's harbour on the S E, and 
 Port Chimene on the N W. 
 
 Annapolis Ri-ver, in Nova ?cotia, is of 
 fmall fize and pafles into the bay of Fun- 
 dy through the bafon of its own name, on 
 the S fide of which, at the mouth of the 
 river, ftands the town and fort of Anna- 
 polis Royal. It is navigable for fliips of 
 anyburden lO miles ; for thofe of lootons, 
 15 miles; and is paflablefor boats within 
 20 miles of Hortou. I'he tide flows up 
 30 miles. 
 
 Annapolis, a county in Nova Scotia on 
 the above river, adjoining to lung's coun- 
 ty, having 5 townibips, viz. Vi'"iImot, 
 Granville, Annapolis, the chief tow^ns, 
 Clare, and Monckton. It is chielly in- 
 habited by Acadians, Irifli, and Nev/ Eng- 
 enders. 
 
 Annapolis Royal^ called Port Royal, by the 
 French, when M. de Fonts fettled a colo- 
 ny here in 1605. This town, the chief 
 town in the county of this name, Hands 
 on the S fide of the river and bay of An- 
 napolis. Nature has fcarcely omitted one 
 t|iing to render this the fineft harbour in 
 the world. It is z leagues in length, and 
 one in breadth, having a fmall iJland, 
 called Goat Ifiand, almofl in the middle of 
 the bafon, v/hich is faid to be large 
 enough to contain ieveral hundred fliips. 
 Its depth of water is no where iefs than 4 
 or 5 fathoms ; it being 6 or 7 on one fide 
 of the ifland, and on the other 16 or 18. 
 The bottom is every where very good, 
 and fliips may be fecure in it from all 
 winds. The entrance of the harbour is 
 difficult, fays Charlevoix, befiJes the in- 
 convenience of great fogs ; fo that only 
 one flilp can pafs in or out at a time, and 
 that with the greateft precaution, the fhip 
 being obliged to go Here foremoft hj rea- 
 
 fon of the firong currents and tides here. 
 The town is not large, but has fome very 
 handfome buildings. It is fortified ; nor 
 can it be eafily attacked, but by a bcm- 
 bardment. The fort is capable of con- 
 taining about 100 men in itsprefent flate. 
 N lat. 45 lo, W Ion. 64 5. 
 
 Annapolis, a poft town in Ann Arundel 
 CO. and the capital of Maryland. It i'tands 
 at the mouth of the Severn, 30 miles S of 
 Baltimore ; 40 E by N from the Federal 
 city; 7'i S Wfrom Wilmington, in Dela- 
 ware State, and 132 S W from Philadel- 
 phia. It was formerly called Severn, and^ 
 in 1694, it was made a port town. It isV 
 fituated on a peninfula formed by the riv- 
 er and two fmall creeks ; and affords a 
 beautiful profpedl; of Chefapeak Bay and 
 the E fhore beyond it. The houfes, a- 
 bout 320 in number, are fpacious and el- 
 egant, indicative of great wealth. The 
 State Houfe is the noblefl building of the 
 kind in the union. It Hands in the centre 
 of the city, from which point the ftreets 
 diverge in every direcSlion, like radii. The 
 other public buildings, are a College, E- 
 pifcopal and Methodifi: church, Market 
 Koufe and Theatre. The College has a. 
 fund of 1 75 ol. per annum. It has about 
 100 Students. N lat. ^g 56 15, Ion. 75 
 8W. 
 
 Annajionvti, about 60 miles W of Plattl- 
 burgh, in Clinton co. New York. 
 
 Ann Arundel County, in Maryland, lies 
 l-»etween Patapfco and Patuxent Rivers, 
 and has Chefapeak Bay S E. Annapolis 
 is the chief town. This county contains 
 22,623 inhabitants, of whom 9760 are 
 flaves. It is ^s miles long, 26 broad. lu 
 fome parts the foil is light and fandy ; ou 
 the Patuxent and Patapfco rivers, it is 
 rich and well cultivated. Indian cornj 
 wheat, cotton and tobacco are. the princi- 
 pal produce. Iron ore is foufid in feverai 
 places. 
 
 Annatom, one of the New Hebrides cluf- 
 ter of iflands. 
 
 A.nn^ Cape, is the point of land in the 
 town of that name, or Gloucefler, which 
 forms the N fide of Mafi^achufetts Bay, as 
 Cape Cod does the S fide. N lat 42 45, 
 Ion. 70 17 W. See Clouajlcr. This Cape 
 was fo named in honor of Ann, confort 
 of King James I. 
 
 Ann, St. a lake in Upper Canada, north- 
 erly from Lake Superior, which fends its' 
 waters northeafterly into James Ray, 
 through Albany River. Itr, northciftern 
 point lies in N lat. jc, W lon. 88. 
 
 Ann^ St. is the chief town of the prov- 
 ince 
 
ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 ince cif Parana, iii the E diviilon of Para- 
 gliay, S America. 
 
 An,-!, Fort, in the State of N York, Ilea 
 at the head of batteaux navigacion, on 
 Wood Creek, which falls into Scutli Bay, 
 Lake Champlain, near Skeaeil^orough. It 
 lies 7 miles S W by S from Skenefjo- 
 rough Fort ; lo E S E from Fort George, 
 and I?. N E by N from Fort Edv/ard, on 
 Iludfou River. Such was tlic favage ftate 
 of this part of the country, and the layers 
 of trees laid lengthwife and acrofs, and fo 
 broken with creeks and marflies, that 
 General Burgoyne's army, in July, 1777, 
 Acould fcarcely advance above a mile in a 
 ^Rav, on the road to Fort Edward. They 
 had no fewer than 4obridges to conftrucit, 
 one of which was of log nork 2 miles in 
 length ; circumftances which in after ages 
 will appear hardly credible. 
 
 Ann J, St. a port on the E Ude of Cape 
 Breton Iiland, where fifliing veflels often 
 put in. It lies on the N W fide of the 
 entrance into Labrador Lake. W Ion, 
 60, N lat. 47. 
 
 Anns, St. is a fra'all town on the River 
 St. John's, province of New Brunfwick, 
 about 80 miles from St. John's. It is at 
 prefent the feat of government. 
 
 Anfon, an interior county of N Carolina, 
 In Fayette difirricft, having Mecklinburg 
 county N and Bladen and Cumberland 
 counties on the E. It contains 8146 in- 
 habitants, including 1200 flaves. The 
 foil is Various in different parts, but in 
 general is very gcod; wheat, rye, oats, cot- 
 ton, rice, hemp, are raifed in great per- 
 fc(ftion. Some of the Idw lands are un- 
 healthy ; biilious and intermittent com- 
 plaints are common. 
 
 Anfon., a town in Kennebeck c'o. Maine, 
 OB the W fide of Kennebeck river and N 
 of Sandy river. Seven mile brook runs 
 about 3 miles through the town, and en- 
 ters Kennebeck in its N E corner. 
 
 Anthony s Falls, St. in the River Mifli- 
 iippi, lie about ic miles N Wof the mouth 
 of St. Pierre River, which joins the Milfi- 
 lippl from the W, and are iituated in a- 
 bout lat. 44 50 N, and were fo named by 
 father iiOuis Hennipin, who travelled in- 
 to thefe parts about the year i68o, Jfud 
 was the firft European ever feen by the 
 natives there. The whole river, 250 
 yards wide, falls perpendicularly above 
 •^o feet, and forms a mofl; pleafing cata- 
 raA. The rapids below, in the fpace of 
 300 yards, render the dcfcent confidera- 
 blv greater ; fo that when viewed at a 
 diftancc, they appear to be much higher 
 
 than they really are. In the middle ^i 
 the falls is a fmall idand, about 40 feet 
 broad, and fomewhat longer, on which 
 grow a few hemlock and fpruce trees ; 
 and about half way between this ifland 
 and the eaflern lliore, is a rock, lying at 
 the very edge of the fall, in an oblique 
 pofition, 5 or 6 feet broad, and 30 or 40 
 long. Thefe falls are peculiarly utuated, 
 as they are approachable without the 
 leaft obfl:ru(5tion from any intervening 
 hill or precipice ; which cannot be faid, 
 perhaps, of any ofthfer confiderablc fall ia 
 the world The fcene around is exceed- 
 ingly beautiful.' It iis not an uninterrupt- 
 ed plain, where the eye finds no rehef, 
 but compofed of many gentle afcents, 
 which, ill the fpring and fummer, are 
 covered with verdure, and interfperfed 
 with little groves, that give a pleafing va- 
 riety to the profpeck. At a little dif- 
 tance belov/ the falls is a fmall ifland, a- 
 bout z acres, on which grow a great 
 number of oak trees, all the branches of 
 which, able to bear the v/eight, are, in the 
 proper feafon of the year, loaded with 
 eagle's nefts. Their inftindlivc wifdom 
 has taught them to choofe this place, as 
 it is fecure, on account of the rapids a- 
 bove, from' the attacks either of man or 
 beaft. 
 
 Anthony's 'Kill, a weflern water of Hud- 
 fon River. Its mouth is 7 miles above 
 that of Alohavvk River, oppofite Schate- 
 coke. 
 
 Anthony s Ncfe, a point of land in the 
 Highlands, on Hudfon River, from which 
 to Fort Montgomery on the oppoiite fide, 
 a large boom and chain was extended in 
 the late war, -v^hich cofl: not lefs than 
 70,0001. flerling. It was partly deftroy- 
 ed, and partly carried away by General 
 Sir Henry Clinton, in Od:ober, 1777. Al- 
 fo, the name given to the point of a 
 mountain on the N bank of Mohawk 
 River, about 30 miles above SchenecTtady. 
 Around this point runs a public road. 
 
 Aniicojii, a barren, uninhabited ifland, ia 
 the mouth of St. Lawrence River. Lat. 
 49 30 N, Ion. t% W London. 
 
 A?itidam Creek, in Maryland, rifes by 
 feveral branches in Pennfylvania, and 
 empties into Patov/mac River, 3 miles S 
 S E from Sharpfburg. Elizabeth and 
 Funk's tov/ns fland on this creek. It has 
 a number of mills and forges. 
 
 A^nt'i^na.^ or Antego, one of the Carlbbee 
 Iflands in the Weft Indies, belonging to 
 Great Britain, is fituated 60 miles to the 
 CHi'tward of Nevis and St. Chriftopher'9. 
 
 It' 
 
ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 V h atmofl; circular ; being about 15 miles 
 long and 10 broad, containing SQy^S^ 
 acres of land, of which about 3 4,000 are 
 appropriated to the growth of fugar and 
 paflurage annexed. Its other ftaples are 
 cotton and tobacco. The foil is natural- 
 ly rich, and when hot checked by excef- 
 live droughts, to which Antigua is par- 
 ticularly fubje*£l, is very producflive. Co- 
 lumbus, who difcovered this ifland, named 
 it from a church in Seville, Santa Maria 
 de la Antigua ; and Ivis fon, Ferdinand, 
 fays that its Indian name was Jamaica. It 
 is a fingular circumftance, that this word, 
 which in the language of the larger iflands 
 fignified a country abounding with fprings, 
 Hiould, in the diale(5l of the Caribbees, 
 have been applied to an ifland that has 
 not a fingle fpring or rivulet of frefli wa- 
 t-er in it. The inhabitants make ufe of 
 rain water, which, when preserved in 
 cifterns, is light, pure and wholefome. 
 From drought and other circumftances, it 
 is difficult to furnifli an average return of 
 the crops, Avhich vary to fuch a degree, 
 that the quantity of fugar exported in 
 fome years, is five times greater than in 
 others ; thus in 1779, v/ere fliipped 3382 
 hogilieads, and 579 tierces ; in 1782, the 
 crop was 15,382 hogflieads, and 1603 tier- 
 ces ; and in the years 1770, 1773, and 
 1778, there were no crops at ail; the 
 canes being deftroyed by a long drought, 
 and the whole body of negroes murt have 
 periflied, for want of food, if American 
 vefTels had not fupplied them with corn 
 and flour. On an average, r 7,000 hogf- 
 heads of fugar, of 16 cwt. each, are reck- 
 oned a good faving crop. Antigua ex- 
 ported in one year, ending {he 5th Janua- 
 ry 1778, to the value of 592,5961. 15s. 8d. 
 fterling, in %T)T^ veflels : the cargoes were 
 284,526 cwt. I qr. 18 lbs. fugar ; 719,546 
 gal. molafTes ; 2 6 lbs. indigo ; dying woods 
 and other fmall articles. The value ex- 
 ported to the United States, included in 
 the above, was ;(^.i 1,031-15-4. The illand 
 abounds in black cattle, hogs, fowls, and 
 mod of the animals in common with the 
 other iflands. The number of inhabitants, 
 both white and black, feera to have de- 
 creafed progreflively. In 1774, the white 
 inhabitants amounted to 2590, and the 
 flaves to 37,808. The ifland is divided 
 into 6 parilbes and 11 diflriAs. The 
 parjflies are St. John's, St. Mary's, St. 
 George, St. Peter, St. Paul, and St. Philip. 
 It has 6 towns and villages. St. John's 
 (the capital) Parham, Falmouth, Willough- 
 by Bay, Old Bay, Old Road, and James 
 Vol. L C 
 
 Fort ; the two firft of which are legal 
 ports of entry. No ifland in this part of 
 the Weft Indies can boaft of fo many ex- 
 cellent harbours ; of thefe the principal 
 are Englifh Harbour, and St John's, both 
 well fortified ; and at the former are a 
 royal navy yard, and arfenal, w ith con- 
 veniences for careening fhips of war. The 
 military eftablifliment generally confifts 
 of 2 regiments of infantry, and 2 of foot 
 militia. There are likewife a fquadron cf 
 dragoonsjand a battaliion of artillery, both 
 raifed in the ifland ; and the regulars re- 
 ceive additional pay as in Jamaica. The 
 governor or captain generalof theleeward ♦ 
 Caribbean Iflands, generally refides in An- 
 tigua, but vifits occafionally each ifland 
 within his gov^crnment ; and, in hearing 
 and determining caufes from the other 
 iflands, prelides alone. He is chancellor of 
 each ifland by his ofHce ; but in caufes 
 arifing in Antigua, he is affifted by his 
 council, after the practice of Barbadoes ; 
 and the prefident, together with a certain 
 number of the council, may determine 
 chauncery caufes during the abfence of 
 the governor general. The other courts 
 of this ifland are a court of king's bench, 
 a court of common pleas, and a court of 
 exchequer. The church of the United 
 Brethren has been very fuccefsful in con- 
 verting to chriftiatiity many of the negro 
 flaves of this and the other iflands. The 
 climate here is hotter than at Barbadoes, 
 and hke that ifland fubjefl: to hurricane^. 
 The firft grant of Antigua was made by- 
 Charles IL about 1663, to William Lord 
 Willoughby of Parham, and three years 
 after, a colony was planted. It was fur- 
 prlfed the fame year by the French. It 
 made no figure in commerce, till Col. 
 Chriftopher Codrington, lleut. governor 
 of Barbadoes, came and fettled here in 
 1690. There happened a moft terrible 
 hurricane here in 1707, that did vaft dam- 
 age to this ifland and Nevis, more than to 
 any of the Caribbec Iflands. In Odlober, 
 1736, was the plot of Coirrt, Tombay and 
 Hercules, three Indians who had convey- 
 ed gun powder under the ball room, where 
 the governor was to give a ball ; but it 
 was happily difcovered, and they were all 
 executed. Antigua lies between 17 7^ 
 and 1 7 17 45 N lat. and between 61 22 15 
 and 61 36 12 Wlon. 
 
 Antilles, a clufter of iflands in the Weft 
 Indies, diftinguiflied into Great and SmalL 
 They lie from i8 to 24 degrees of N lat. 
 are diftinguiflied into Windward and Lee- 
 Ward IlUnds, and lie in ths form of a bow, 
 iUeithlog 
 
AP A 
 
 APO 
 
 ilretchmg from the coaft of Florida N to 
 tfaat of Brazil S. The moft remarkable of 
 them are Cuba, Jamaica, Kifpaniola or 
 i)omingo, and Porto Rico. See each un- 
 der its proper head. 
 
 Ar.t'rquera, a feaport town in^'the prov- 
 ince of Guaxaqua, in Mexico. 
 
 Anilquiera, or Antequ'ura^ a tOWn in N. 
 Spain, province of Guaxaqua, 75 miles S 
 of the city of Guaxaqua. 
 
 Antriventria, a fubdiviiion of Terra Fir- 
 ma, S of Carthagena. 
 
 Antonio De Suchitepec, St. a town in Mex- 
 ico or N. Spain, on the coaft of the Pacific 
 Ocean, N lat. is, W Ion. 93 5. 
 
 Anionio, Si. the capital of the province 
 of Apachiera, in N. Mexico. 
 
 AntGn'to, a town in the province of Na- 
 varra, in N. Mexico, on a river which runs 
 S W into the Gulf of California. 
 
 Afttonio, Cape St. the moft vveftern point 
 of the Ifland of Cuba ; having on the N W 
 a number of iflots and rocks, called Los 
 Coiorados, between which and the cape 
 is the channel of Guaniguanica. N lat. a 2 
 15, W Ion. 85^. 
 
 Antonio De Cuba, St. a town in Brazil, in 
 S. America, near Cape St. Augufliine, fub- 
 jedl to the Portuguefc. Here they make a 
 conliderable quantity of fugar. S lat. 834, 
 W Ion. is '^'^' 
 
 Antonio, St. a town in N Mexico on the 
 W fide of Rio Bravo River, below St. 
 Gregoria, Alfo, the name of a town on 
 the river Hondo, which falls into the Gulf 
 of Mexico, N E of Rio de Brava ; and on 
 the eaftern lide of the river, S by V/ from 
 Texas. 
 
 Antrim, a townflup in Hillfborough co. 
 N. Hampfhire, 75 miles W of Portfmouth, 
 and about the famediftanceNWof Bofton. 
 An-ville, or Millers Toivn, in Dauphine 
 CO. Pennfylvania, at the head of Tulpe- 
 hocken Creek. When the canal between 
 the Sufquehannah and Schuylkill, along 
 thefe erf eks, is completed, this town will 
 probably rife to fome confequence. It 
 lies 1 8 miles N E by E from Harrifburg, 
 and 65 N W from Philadelphia. 
 
 Anzermuyh a town and province of Po- 
 payan,in S.America,having mines of gold. 
 It is feated on the river Coca. N lat. 458. 
 Apachiera, an audience and province of 
 N. Mexico, whofe capital is St. Fe, in N 
 lat. 36 30, W Ion. 104. 
 
 Apalaches, OX St. MarVs R. rifes in the 
 countryof the Seminole Indians, inEFlori- 
 da, in N lat. 31 30, near the N W fource of 
 Great Satilla River; runs S W through the 
 Apalachy country into the bay of Apala- 
 chy, in the Gulf of Mexico. It runs about 
 
 135 miles and falls into the Bay near th« 
 mouth of Apalachicola River. 
 
 Apalachicola, a river between E and W 
 Florida, having its fource in the Apalachi- 
 an Mountains, in the Cherokee country, 
 within ten miles of Tuguloo, the upper 
 branch uf Savannah River. From its 
 fource to the mouth of Flint River, a dif- 
 tance of 300 miles, it is called Chata Uche, 
 or Chatahooche River. Ihnt River falls 
 into it from the N E below the Lower 
 Creek Towns, in Nlat. 31. From thence it 
 runs near 80 miles, and falls into the Bay 
 of Apalachy, or Apalachicola, in the Gulf 
 of Mexico, at Cape Blaize. From its 
 fource to the 33d deg. of N lat. its courfe 
 is S W, from thence to its mouth it runs 
 nearly S See data Ucba and Flint Ri-ueru 
 
 Apalachicola, is likewife the name of the 
 mother town or capital of the Creek or 
 Mufcogulgc confederacy, called Apalachu- 
 cla by Bertram. It is, fays he, facred to 
 peace ; no captives are put to death or 
 human blcod fpilt here : and when a gen- 
 eral peace is propofed, deputies from all 
 the towns in the confederacy meet here to 
 deliberate. On the other hand, the great 
 Coweta Town, iz miles higher up the 
 Chata Uche River, is called the Bloody 
 ^cwn, wiicre the Micos chiefs and warr- 
 iors affemble when a general war is pro- 
 pofed ; and there captives and ftate male- 
 facStors are put to death. Apalachicola is 
 fituated a mile and an half above the an- 
 cient town of that name, which was fitu- 
 ated on a peninfula formed by the doub- 
 ling of the river, but deferted on account 
 of inundations. The town is about 3 day* 
 journey from Tallaflee, a town on the 
 Tallapoofe River, a branch of the Mobile 
 River. See Coiveta, and Tallajfee. 
 
 Apalachian Mountains, a part of the range 
 
 called fometimes by this name, but gener- 
 allv Alleghany Mountains. In this part of 
 the great chain of mountains, in the Cher- 
 okee country, the river Apalachicola hat 
 its fource. See Alleghany Mountains. 
 
 Apalachy Country, extends acrofs Flint 
 and Apalaches Rivers, in Eaft Florida, 
 having the Seminole country on the N FL 
 Apalachy, or Apalachy a, is by fome writ- 
 ers, applied to a town and harbour in 
 Florida, 90 miles E of Penfacola, Into which 
 this river empties itfelf. The tribes cf 
 the Apalachian Indians lie around it. 
 
 Apoquenirmy Creek, falls into Delaware 
 Bay from Middletown, in Newcaftle co- 
 Delaware, a mile and an half below Ree- 
 dy Ifland. A canal is. propofed to extend 
 from the fouthern branch of this creek, at 
 about 4 lailci froai Middletown, to the 
 
 h.-ail 
 
ARA 
 
 ARB 
 
 Ivead of Bohemia River, nearly S miles dif- 
 tant ; which will form a water communi- 
 cation between Delaware Bay, and that of 
 Chefapeak, through Elk River. 
 
 Apple IJland, a I'niall uninhabited ifland 
 in St. Lawrence River, in Canada, on the 
 S fide of the river, between Bafque and 
 Green Illands. It is furrounded by rocks, 
 which reader the navigation dangerous. 
 
 Apple Tc-wn, an Indian village on the E 
 fide of Seneca Lake, in N. York, between 
 the townfhips of Ovid on the S and Ro- 
 mulus on the N. 
 
 Appomatoxy is the name of a fouthern 
 branch of James River, in Virginia. It 
 may be navigated as far as Broadways, 8 
 or lo miles from Bermuda Hundred, by 
 any vefTel, which has croiled Harrilon's 
 Bar, in James River. It has 8 or 9 feet 
 water a mile or two farther up to Fitlier's 
 Bar, and 4 feet on that and upwards to 
 Peterfburg. For 5 miles above Peterf- 
 burg the navigation is interrupted by falls ; 
 but a company are employed in cutting a 
 canal round thefe falls into the centre of 
 the town, and already they have cleared 
 out the river as far as Farmville in Prince 
 Edward co. 
 
 Apolo SaTna, a jurifdidVion confifting of 
 miflions belonging to the Francifcans, fub- 
 jcdt to the bifliop of Cufco, 60 leagues 
 from that city, in Peru. Thefe confifl of 
 7 towns of converted Indians. To protecft 
 thefe from the infults of the other Indians, 
 and to give credit to the miflionaries, a mi- 
 litia is kept here, under a major general, 
 formed by the inhabitants. 
 
 Apiirimay or Aporamac, a very rapid riv- 
 er in Peru, S. America, 30 miles from the 
 river Abanzai. 
 
 Aquafort, a fettlement on the E fide of 
 the louth eaftern extremity of Newfound- 
 land Ifland, lat. 47 10 N. 
 
 Aquedochton, the outlet of lake Winni- 
 pifeogee, in N. Hampfliire, N lat. 43 40, 
 whofe waters pafs through feveral fmaller 
 lakes in a S W courfe, and empty into 
 Merrimack River, between the towns of 
 JSanborntown and Canterbury. 
 
 Aqmla, a poft town in Stafford co. Vir- 
 ginia, 47 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Aquidiieck, the ancient Indian name of 
 Rhode Ifland. 
 
 Araguaya, a branch of Para River, in 
 Brazil. See Para. 
 
 Ararat, Mount, or the Stonr Head, a fliort 
 range of mountains on the N frontier of 
 N. Carolina, E from Ararat River, a N W 
 branch of Yadkin River, from the fummit 
 is a delightful and extenfive profpedV. 
 
 Arathapefcoiv. Sec Athapnfcciv Lale. 
 
 Arauco, a fortrefs and town of Chili, In 
 S. America ; lituated in a fine valley, on a 
 river of the fame name, N by W from 
 Baldlvia. ^The native Indians drove the 
 Spaniards out of their country, though 
 deftitute of firearms. S lat. 37 30, W Ion. 
 73 20. » 
 
 ArazVw, one of the principal places in 
 Porto Rico Ifland, in the W indies. It has 
 few inhabitants, and Httle trade but fmug- 
 
 Areas, an ifland in the Gulf of Mexico, 
 in the Bay of Campeachy. Lat. 20, Ion. 
 9Z 50. 
 
 Arch Spring. See Bald Eagle Valley. 
 
 Archipelago, Dangerous, the name given 
 by Bouganville, in Feb. 1768, to a chiAer 
 of iflands in the Pacific Ocean, in the 
 neighbourhood of Otaheite, fituated be- 
 tween 10 and 18 degrees S lat. and be- 
 tween 142 and 145 degrees W Ion. from 
 Paris. The iflands which compofe this 
 Archipelago, he named Quatre Facardins, 
 the Lanciers, and La Harpe,and other ifl- 
 ands, forming two groups, to which he 
 gave no names. In April, 1769, Captain 
 Cook fell in with thefe fame iflands, and 
 named them Lagoon Ifland, Thrum Cap, 
 Bow Ifland, and the Two Groups. 
 
 Archipelago of the Great Cycladss a clufter 
 of iflands in the Pacific Ocean, lying be- 
 tween 14 and 2odcg. S lat. and between 
 164 and 168 deg. E Ion. from Paris, dif- 
 covered by Bouganville, : iA of May, 1 768. 
 This is the fame clufter of iflands difcovcr- 
 by Quiros in 1606, and by him called 
 Tierra Aujtral del Efpiritu Santo, which fee. 
 Capt. Cook paiTed thefe iflands in 1774, 
 and called them New Hebrides. 
 
 Ardois, a mountain in Nova Scotia, be- 
 tween Windfor and Halifax ; 13 miles N 
 W from the latter. It is deemed thchlgh- 
 eft land in Nova Scotia, and affords an 
 extenfix'e profpedl of all the high and low- 
 lands about Windfor and Falmouth, and 
 the diftant country bordering the Bafon 
 of Minas. 
 
 Arequipa, is one of the largeft cities in 
 Peru, S. America, and was founded by Don 
 Francifquo Fizarro, in 1539. ^^ ftands 
 in the valley of Quilca, about ao league* 
 from the fea, in a fertile country. Near 
 it is a dreadful volcano. The air is very 
 temperate ; and the bed in the coun- 
 try ; but it has been four times laid 
 in ruins by earthquakes. It is very pop» 
 ulous, and well built ; contains a con- 
 vent, and two nunneries, and had a col- 
 lege of Jcfuits. It has a biflioprick in Li- 
 ma, 
 
AR R 
 
 ma, and lies 290 miles S by E from that 
 city. Lat. i6 40 S, Ion. 75' 30 W. 
 
 Argyle, a tovvnfliip in Wafhington co. 
 N. York, on the E bank of Hudfon River, 
 in which are Fort Edward and Fort Mil- 
 ler. 
 
 ASC 
 
 CP, and repofitorics for (lores ; and isbuilfi 
 upon a narrow palTage, with a caiUe to 
 defend the entrance. Notwithftanding 
 which, James Lancafter entered tlie har- 
 bour in 1595, with 7 Engiifli veflels, and 
 made himfelf martcr of the town and caf- 
 ile, where lie continued a month, and car- 
 ried off immenfe plunder ; but fincc that 
 time, the Portuguefc iiave rendered it A^ 
 mod inaccelTibk to enemies. Lat. 8 20 
 S, k)n. 36 10 W. 
 
 Arrayal Be Porate, a town in Brazil-, 
 fituated on the W fide of Para River, be- 
 
 va Scotia, fettled by Acadians and Scotch. 
 Arjcuy a jurifdiction in the biilioprick 
 of Arequipa, in Peru, extending along 
 the coail of the S fea. It produces littl-e 
 file than agt, or Guinea pepper ; and in 
 Ibmc places large olives, of whicli they 
 
 make oil and pickles : but, although the |i k)w the jundion of its two great brancht 
 country is otherwife barren, the produce 
 of pepperamounts annually to nolefs than 
 60,000 dollars value. 
 
 Arica^ a town and port in the province 
 of Los Charcos, in Peru ; bei-ng the port 
 town to moft of the mines in that country. 
 It is a pi ice of vafi: trade, and very pop- 
 ulous ; fcldom without a great deal of 
 fliipping. It is but badly fortified, and 
 has been much injured by earthq^uakes, 
 which have alfo hurt its trade. No rain 
 ever falls here ; the houfes are therefore 
 without roofs. The valley of Arica is 
 famous for little clfe than the culture of 
 Guinea pepper, which the Spaniards plant- 
 ed, and of this they raife annually to the 
 value of 80,000 crowns. It is 550 miles 
 S E of Lima. S ht. 18 a?, W Ion. 71 6. 
 Ar'icbat^ a town in Cape Breton ifland. 
 Aries Kill, a fmall creek which runs 
 riorrherfy iato Mohawk River, 'i\ miles 
 W from Schoharie River, in N. York. 
 
 Arlni'.fa^y Arkcnifaiv, a N W branch of 
 Mifliftppi River, of a very long courf<; in 
 Louifiana, which falls in by two mouth?, 
 and forms an ifland, whofe north weftern 
 point lies in N lat. 33 ^s^ W Ion. 91. The 
 length of this ifland is 55 mijes ; its breadth 
 10. The branch on the north eaffern 
 lide of the ifland receives White River, 
 about 24 miles from its mouth. 
 
 Arlington, a townfhip in Bennington co. 
 Vermont, 12 miles N from Bennington. 
 It has 091 inhabitants. 
 
 Armouchiquois., z nation of Indians In 
 Canada. 
 
 Armjlrongy a county of Pennfylvanla, 
 bounded N Ijy Venango, E by Lycoming, 
 watered by the Alleghany, and its branch- 
 es, containing 582,400 acres, and 2399 in- 
 habitants,'bcing divided into 3 townlTiips. 
 Arnedo,7i.X.ov^n. in Peru, on the South 
 Sea, 25 miles N of Lima. 
 
 Arraciffe, a port town of Brazil, In the 
 captalnlhip of PcrnambHrf> ; efteemed the 
 ftrongeft In all Brazil. The port confifts 
 of a fuburb, in which are fome large houi- 
 
 I See Para Ri-ver. 
 
 \\ ^rro?//><?^, an idand in Atainc, fcparatcd 
 
 from Parker^s Ifland by a fmall ftrait. It 
 
 '■ is within the limits of George Town, and 
 
 \ contains ntaily ^ of its inhabitants, and 
 
 has a church. It contains ab;)Ut 20,coo 
 
 acres of land, including a large quantity 
 
 of fait marfb. See Qeorge Tcivn and 
 
 i Parler^s JJland. 
 
 \ Arfacides,the Jfands ofihe^ the name given 
 by M^ dc Surville, in 1769, to Solomon'* 
 lilands, on account of the barbarous char- 
 j after of their inhabitants, particularly at 
 Port Praflin. Thefe iflands were vifited 
 by Mr. Shortland in 1788, and by him 
 called New Georgia. See Solomon s IJlet, 
 and Pert Prapn. 
 
 Arthur KM, or Ncivarl Bay^ on the 
 coaft of N. Jerfey,is formed by theunioij/ 
 pf PifTaic and Hackinfack Rivers. 
 
 Aruba, one of the Little Antille Iflands, 
 in the W. Indies, is fubjecTl: to the Dutch. 
 It is uninhabited, lies near Terra Firma^ 
 14 leagues W of Curacoa, and produces 
 little eife befide corn and wood. N lat» 
 12 30, W Ion. 67 zs. 
 Arn?nfunkfjungun,\7d\s in Penobfcot river. 
 Arundel, a townflilp in York co. Maine, 
 between Cape Porpoife, and Biddeford oi\ 
 the N E on Saco River, 21 miles N E 
 from York. 
 
 Afangaro, a jurifdiftion undet the blfliop 
 of Cufco, in Peru, S. America, 50 leagues 
 from that city : numbers of cattle are 
 bred here. There are fome filvcr mines 
 in the N E part of it ; and it produces 
 papas, quinoas, and canaguas. Of the 
 two lafl they make chicha as others do 
 from maize. 
 
 Afcenfion Bay, Ues on the E fide of the 
 peninfula of Yucatan, in the Bay of Hon- 
 duras, having Amber Bay on the N and 
 the northern point of Ambergreefe Key 
 on the S, which formr, a pafTage into Han- 
 over Bay, S from Afcenfion Bay. This is 
 alfo the name of a, bay in tbc N part of 
 the Gulfol Mexicojfituated between Cape 
 
 Balizc 
 
ASS 
 
 A SY 
 
 Ealize at the mouth of the MifTilipp}, and 
 the Bay of Frefh Water on the W in the 
 30th degree of N lat. and ^2d of W Ion. 
 
 AJhburnham^ formerly Dorchejler Canada^ 
 a town in W"orcefler co. Malfachufetts, 30 
 miles N of Worcefter, and ^$ from Bodon, 
 was incorporated in 1765, and contains 
 994 inhabitants. It (lands upon the height 
 of land E of Connecticut River, and W of 
 Merrimaclj:, on the banks of I^ittle Nauk- 
 heag. In this townihip, is a white fand, 
 equal in finenefs to that at Cape Ann, and 
 which, it is judged would make fine glafs. 
 AJhby, a townlhip in Middlefex co. Maf- 
 fachiifetts,50 miles N Wfrom Bojflonjcon- 
 taining 941 inhabitants. 
 
 AJhcutncyt or Afacutney, a mountain in 
 Vermont, being partly in the townfliips of 
 Windfor and Weathersfield. It is 2031 
 feet above the fea, and 1732, above high 
 water in Connedlicut River, which glides 
 by its E lide. 
 
 AJhe^ a county of N. Carolina, Morgan 
 dlfiri<5l, containing 2783 inhabitants, 85 
 of them are flavcs. The courthoufe, where 
 a port office is kept, is 473 miles from 
 Walliington. 
 
 AJhfield, a toAvnfliip in Hampfhire co. 
 Mallachufetts, about 15 miles N W of 
 Northampton, and I20 from Boflon, con- 
 taining 1 741 inhabitants. 
 
 AJhford, a poft town in Windham co. 
 ConnecSticut, incorporated in 1710, 38 
 miles northeaflerly from Hartford. 
 
 AJhford, Ni-w, a townfiiip in Berkfliire 
 CO. MafTachufeUo, fouth of and adjoining 
 Williamftown, and has 390 inhabitants. 
 
 AJhmnt, the principal harbour in Ifle 
 Madame, which is dependent on Cape 
 Breton. See Breton Cafe. 
 
 AfiuelcU or AJhivillet, a fmall river, hav- 
 ing a number of branches, whole moft dif- 
 tant fource is at the N end of the Sunapee 
 Mountains, N. Hampfli'.re. It runs fouth 
 wefterly through part of Chefliire county. 
 Below Winchefter it runs W by N, and 
 empties into Conned:icut R. at Hinfdale. 
 AJhinlle, a poft town in Buncombe co. 
 N. Carolina, 549 miles from Wafliington. 
 Afpotagoen Mountain. This high land 
 lies on the promontory that feparates Ma- 
 hone from Margaret's Bay, on the coaft of 
 Nova Scotia. It is fcen at a great diftance 
 from the offing, and is the land generally 
 piade by the fliips bound from Europe and 
 the W. Indies to Halifax. The fummit is 
 about 500 feet above the level of the fea. 
 Ajfabety a rivulet which riles in Grafton, 
 Worcefter co. Mallachufetts, and runs N 
 ? into Merrimack River. 
 
 , AJftnepoivah, a lake weft ward of Chrli^ 
 tianaux Lake, and through which its wa^ 
 ters run into Albany River, In New South 
 Wales. 
 
 A^tnibqils, Of A^niboeh, a rlver and lake 
 in the N W part ol N. America. The river 
 is faid to rife in th^ Mountain of Bright 
 Stones, runs N E into Lake Winipic, in N 
 lat, jii W Ion. ic6, 47 miles from the 
 mouth of Winnipic river, 30 miles from 
 the lake it divides into two branches. Its 
 waters a e inhabited by the Algonquin 
 and Nadov/afis tribes, who are In perpetu- 
 al warfare. Several other tribes are found 
 here. 1 he lake is placed in fome maps in 
 the 52d deg. of N lat. and 96th of W Ion, 
 It has communication with Chriftianaujc 
 Lake, on the eaftward, Y'hich fends its 
 waters to James Bay. This lake by the 
 Indians is railed Mkhinipi, or great v/ater ; 
 is faid to be 6co leagues in circumference, 
 aud contains fo many iilands that it is frcr 
 quently called the Lake of iflands. Ac- 
 cording to Father Charlevoix, Bourbon 
 river takes its rife from this lake. 
 
 AJJinois, a nation of Indians inhabiting 
 the forefts of Canada. 
 
 AJfumptinn.vca eplfcopal city, in the prov- 
 ince of Paraguay, in the P2 diviiion of Par- 
 aguay or La Plata in S. America. It ftands 
 on the eaftern bank of a river of its name, 
 a little above the place where the Picol- 
 maga falls into it ; having Villa Rica on 
 the N and La Plata on the S, and is nearer 
 the fouthern, than the Pacific ocean ; but 
 not far from the middle of that part of the 
 continent. It was built by the Spaniards 
 in 1538, and is remarkable for its healtli^' 
 fituation, as well as for the number of its 
 inhabitants, and the rich and fruitful ter- 
 ritory in wliich it (lands ; which produces 
 a great variety of native and exotic fruits, 
 in the higheft perfedtion. Here are feve- 
 ral hundred Spanilli families, defcendants 
 of the flov>'er of the gentry, who fettled in 
 this place ; while the dregs of their coui>- 
 trymen removed to other parts. There 
 are likewife a number of Meftizos and 
 Mulattoes. The city hes about 50 leagues 
 above tlie confluence of the Paraguay and 
 Parana, where the former begins to be 
 called the River de la Plata. Near the 
 city is' a lake, noted for having in the mid- 
 dle of it a rock, which flioots up to a pro- 
 digious height like an cbellfk. Lat. 2.6 S, 
 Ion. 5 7 40 W. 
 
 AJlchiknunipi, a vaft lake in New Britain, 
 
 abounding with whales, and fuppofed to 
 
 communicate with the Northern Sea. 
 
 Afyluwy a poft town in Luzerne co. 
 
 Fennfylvania ^ 
 
ATH 
 
 AUG 
 
 J^ennfylvanla, 350 miles from Walliington. 
 
 Atacaina, Of Attacama, a town, harbour, 
 province, and jiirlfdi^iion in Peru in S. A- 
 jnerica, lao leagues from I.a Plata ; fertile, 
 Rnd remarkable for the fifli called Tolo, 
 with which it carries on a great trade with 
 the Inland provinces. Tlii« province di- 
 vides the kingdom of Peru from that of 
 Chili. There is a great delert of the fame 
 iiame, and a chain of mountains v/hich fep- 
 arate Peru on the N from the province of 
 Quito. On thefe mountains the cold is fo 
 vlolent,that pafTengers are fometimes froz- 
 en to death. Lat. ^^ S, Ion 80 -20 "S^"". 
 
 Atch'r Kouif'pi, a lake in Labrador, which 
 fends its waters foutherly into St. Law- 
 rence R. through a conneJled chain of 
 fmaU lakes. 
 
 Athapufcoiv Lale^ a large piece of v.-atcr 
 in N.America. Its fouthern end is about 
 lat. 60 30 N, its northweft part is about 
 iat. 64 N. It extends from Ion. 119 to 
 131 W. It I'Cs fomcwhat in the form of a 
 crefcent, the concave part being to the 
 N. The Indians fay the lake is 1 20 leagues 
 from E to W, and 20 from N to S. It has 
 plenty of fifh, and many illands covered 
 ^viLh pine, birch and poplar trees, inhab- 
 ited by Indian deer. The Athapufcow 
 Indians refide in this vicinity, in the moft 
 fonlorn paganifm. They arc entirely def- 
 titutfi of that benevolent and pure moral- 
 ity taught in the bible. They cohabit 
 ■with their own fifters, daughters and mo- 
 t'li^rs. After living in this Ilate with their 
 daughters they refign them up to their 
 fons. Hearne. 
 
 AthapvfcoTv, a river which enters the 
 above lake from the S. It is a large ftream, 
 a miles wide. 
 
 Athens^ a townfhip in V7indham co. Ver- 
 mont, 32 miles N E from Bennington and 
 about 6 W from Connedticut R. having 
 450 inhabitants. Sextons R. which rifes 
 in Londonderry, pafles S E by Athens in- 
 to the townfhip of Weflminfter toConn.R. 
 
 Athens^ a pofl: town in Luzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania, 350 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Athens^ a pod town in Clark co. Georgia, 
 ^64 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Athol, a poll town in WofGeR-cr co. 
 Maflachufetts, with 993 inhabitants, ^^ 
 miles N W from Worceder, and 80 from 
 Boflon. A medicinal fpring famed for its 
 manv virtues, ilTues out of a high bank on 
 Miller's River, 20 feet above the furface 
 f)f the river. 
 
 Ath'rnfon, a townfiiip in P.ocklngham co. 
 N. Hampfliire, incorporatccj in 1767, 474 
 •nhabitants. It is "^o miles from Portf- 
 siouth, and has an academy which was 
 
 founded in 17 89, by the Hon. N. Pcabod7, 
 who endowed it with icoo acres of land. 
 In this townfliip is a large meadow where- 
 in is an ifland of 6 or 7 acres, which was 
 formerly loaded with valuable pine timber 
 and other forefl wood. When the meadow 
 is overfiowed, by means of an artificial 
 dam, this ifland rifes with the water, which 
 is fometimes 6 feet. In a pond in the mid- 
 dle of the ifland, there have been fifli, 
 which, when the meadow has been over- 
 flowed hcTve appeared there, when the 
 water has been drawn off, and the ifiand 
 fettled to its ufual place. The pond is new 
 almoft covered with verdure. In it a pole 
 50 feet long has difappsared, without 
 finding bottom 
 
 Atoyaqufly a deep and large river in Mex- 
 ico, or New Spain. On it is the famou* 
 natural bridge, called Ponti di Dio, 100 
 miles S E of Mexico, over which carriages 
 conveniently pafs 
 
 Atrato, a confiderabk river which run» 
 into the Gulf of Mexico, near Carthagena. 
 
 At/ion, a poft town in Burlington co. V. 
 Jerfey, 175 miles from Walliington. 
 
 Ati/doroufrfjy a poft town in Brillol co. 
 MafTa. 36 miles foutherly of Enflion, and 9 
 N of Providence, containing 2480 fouls. 
 
 Aiiuood's Key, a fmall ifland fuiTOunded 
 by rocks, 12 miles N E from Crooked I. 
 and so eaflward from Yuma, or Long T. one 
 of the Baham.as. N lat. 23 28, W. Ion. 73. 
 
 Augufia^ a pod and fliire town in Ker- 
 fiebec CO. Maine. It has a congregational 
 meeting houfe, court houfe and gaol, and 
 is pleafantlv fituated on each fide the Ken- 
 nebec. A noble bridge conne<5bs the 2 parts 
 of the town. It is the head of navigation. 
 
 Au^ujla Co. in Virginia, is divided from 
 Albemarle and Araherft by the Blue 
 Ridge. It has Rockingham on the N E 
 i and Rockbridge on the S W. The foil is 
 fertile. It has 9756 free inhabitants, and 
 1946 (laves. It is a hilly co. The inhab- 
 itants cultivate wheat, oats, r^'e, corn, flax 
 and hemp. Chief town, Staunton. 
 
 Augufa., a poft town, fituated on a fine 
 plain in Richmond co. Georgia, on the S 
 W bank of Savannah R. where it is near 
 500 vards broad, at the bend of the river, 
 I 27 miles N W from Savannah by land, 
 340 by water. It contains 1198 white 
 people, and 1017 flaves. It is 596 miles 
 from Wafliington. At the firf\ fettlement 
 of the colony. Gen. Oglethorpe erecfted a 
 fort here, for protedling the Indian trade, 
 and holding treaties with the natives. In 
 1739, about 600 people feparated them- 
 felves from the maritime fettlements, and 
 removed to its neighbourhood to carry on 
 
 a peltry 
 
AU R 
 
 A XA 
 
 a peltry trade with the Indians. The coun- 
 try round it has an excellent foil, which, 
 with its central htuation, between the upper 
 and lower countries, will bring it fafl into 
 importance. It contains about 250 dwell- 
 ings. The public buildings are a church, 
 an academy and government houle, a 
 market houfe, gaol and court houfe. The 
 ftreets crofs each other at right angles. 
 In the academy are generally 80 or 90 
 ftudents ; the funds amount to feveral 
 thoufand dollars. A bridge acrofs the 
 Savanna here is 19 feet wide, 7 or 800 
 feet long. It is a place of confiderable 
 trade. N lat. 33 19, W Ion. 80 46. 
 
 Aiigifjlinesj St. a port and river on the 
 coafl: of Labrador, near the ftraits of Bell- 
 ifle and oppolite St. John's Bay,Newfound- 
 land. There are two fmall iflands in the 
 harbour, and about % miles S W runs a 
 chain of little iflands, called St. Au^^ujiines 
 Chain ; the outermoft of which is a re- 
 markable fmooth rock. It is about 25 
 miles from Great Mecatina I. N lat. 5 1 
 10, W Ion. 58 50. 
 
 All cr lip lie's Square, St. a number of fmall 
 iflands on the coaft of Labrador, in the 
 gulf of St. Lawrence, the largeft of which 
 are from Shecatica Bay on the N E to Out- 
 er I, S W, viz. Large, Sandy, and Outer 
 iflands Thefe are near the mouth of the 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 Aiio;ti/rine, St. the capital of E Florida, is 
 fttuated on the fea coafl:, about 80 leagues 
 from the mouth of the gulf of Florida, 180 
 miles E from St. Mark's, and 316 S W 
 from Charlefton in S. Carolina. It is of an 
 oblong figure, and interfedted by 4 ftreets, 
 which cut each other at right angles The 
 town is fortified, has been under different 
 jnafters, and now belongs to Spain. It has 
 a church and monaflery of the order of 
 Its name. The breakers at the entrance 
 of the harbour have formed two channels, 
 whofe bars have 8 feet water each. N lat. 
 30, W Ion. 81 30. 
 
 Aii^iijline, Cape St. on the coaft of Brazil, 
 on the Atlantic Ocean, 300 miles N E 
 from the bay of All Souls, lat. 8 30 S, Ion. 
 ZS 40, W. 
 
 Aurean Academy., in Amherft, N. Hamp- 
 flaire. 
 
 Aiirelhis, a pofl town in N. York, Cayu- 
 ja CO. on Owafco L. 9 miles E of the ferry 
 ©n Cavuaga L. 3312 inhabitants, 448 miles 
 from Waflilngton. 
 
 Aurora, an illand belonging to the Ar- 
 chipelago of the Great Cyclades, 15 8 S 
 lat. and 165 j8 E Ion. from Paris, difcov- 
 ^led by Bougantille, May Z2d, 1768. It 
 
 j Is about 20 leagues long and 2 broad. 
 I Its eaftern fliore is fteep, and covered with 
 wood. Lat. 44 54 N, Ion. 168 24 E. 
 
 Auficn-v'dle, a poft town in Wythe co. 
 Virginia, 366 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Avalon., a peninfula at the S E corner 
 of the ifland of Newfoundland, which is 
 joined to the ifland by a narrow neck of 
 land, that has Placentia Bay on the S and 
 Trinity Bay on the N. The E part of 
 this peninfula is encompalled by the 
 Great Bank, and has, be fide the two for- 
 mer bays, the bay of Conception on the 
 N, and the bay of St. Mary's and Trepaf- 
 fy bay on the S. It contains feveral ex- 
 cellent harbours, bays and capes, among 
 which are St. Mary's, Pine, Race, Bal- 
 lard, St. Francis, &c. 
 
 A'vancay, a jurifdi(5Vion fubjecSt to the 
 bifliop of Cufco, and lies 4 leagues N E 
 of that city. It abounds in fugar canes, 
 fruits and corn. 
 
 Averil, a townfliip in EfTei co. Ver- 
 mont, near the N E corner of the State ; 
 its N corner is on the Canada line. 
 
 Avery's ^oro*, a port town in Cumberland 
 CO. N. Carolina, on the E bank of Cape 
 Fear river, above Fayetville, 329 mile* 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Ai<es, or Bird^s JJland., in the Weft Indies, 
 fituated in N lat. 15 30, W Ion. 63 15, 
 named fo from the great number of birds 
 that breed there, yet is without a tree, 
 which obliges them to lay their eggs in th» 
 fand. A flioal runs hence to the iflands 
 of Saba, St. Euftatius, and St. Ch riftophers ; 
 which is about 2 leagues broad, and from 
 10 to 20 fathom foundings. It has a good 
 harbour for careening veflels. There is 
 another ifland of this name, among the 
 Little Antilles, between the coaft of St. 
 Tago de Leon, in Terra Firma, and th^ 
 ifland of Bonaire, and a third near tht 
 eaften coaft of Newfoundland, lat. 50 5 N. 
 
 Avuio la Panda, a town in the weftern 
 part of the kingdom of Leon, in N. Ame- 
 rica, between two of the head branches of 
 Nafl^is River. 
 
 A'vnn, a river of Nova Scotia, which 
 empties into the Atlantic Ocean a little 
 eaftward of Halifax. It is navigable as 
 far as Fort Edward for veflels of 400 tons, 
 and for vefTels of 60 tons 2 miles higher. 
 A river called St. Croix nms into the A- 
 von, whofe fource is in lakes and fprings, 
 about 7 miles from its entrance, where it 
 is crofled by a bridge on the road leading 
 to Windfor. It is navigable for veflels of 
 60 tons 3 miles, and for large boats 7 miles. 
 
 rflvaj, a. town ia the interior part of 
 
BAO 
 
 B A II 
 
 N«\v Albion, In N lat. 39 5, \V Ion. 114 
 ^O. See Quivira. 
 
 Ayemiis, an Indian tribe in Florida. 
 
 Ayerftozvn, or Ayrjhiuii,\n Burlington CO. 
 N. Jeriey, lies on the middle branch of An- 
 cocus Creek, 13 miles S eafterly from Bur- 
 lington, and 5 S of jMt. Holly. 
 
 Aymaraes, a jurifdi(5lion in Peru ; fub- 
 je(5l to the bilhop of Cuico, 40 leagues S 
 W of that city. It abounds in fugars, 
 cattle, corn, and mines of gold and filver ; 
 which laft are for the mod part negiedled, 
 as it is but thinly inhabited 
 
 Azuca, or Az!ia,2i little town in the ifl- 
 and of St. Domingo, on the fouthei'n fide, 
 at the bottom of a deep bay. 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 'AAVs Rl-ver, and Bay, in Weft Green- 
 land, lie between Bear Sound on the S E, 
 and Delft's Point on the N W, and oppo- 
 fite the mouth of Hudfon's Strait. 
 
 Babahoyo, a village and cuftom houfe on 
 Guayquil River, in Peru, being the land- 
 ing place from the city of Guayaquill. 
 Here the merchandife from Peru and 
 Terra Firma, and their refpecStive prov- 
 inces, are landed. 
 
 Babopas, a town in the interior parts of 
 New Albion, eaftward of the long range 
 «f mountains whicli extend northward 
 from the head of the peninfula of Califor- 
 nia. N lat 37 45 >W Ion. 114 25. 
 
 Back River. See Baltimore County. 
 
 Bac-za, the chief town of the diftritft of 
 Quixos, in the province of Quito, in Peru, 
 and the refidence of the governor. It was 
 built in 1559 by Don Rameiro d'Avilos. 
 The chief manufaiSture here is cotton 
 cloth. 
 
 Baffi>i'sBay,n the largefl and mofl: north- 
 ern gulf, or bay, that has yet been difcov- 
 ered in N America ; and lies between the 
 70th and 80th degrees of N lat. It opens 
 into the Atlantic ocean through Baffin's 
 and Davis's flraits, between Cape Chidley 
 on the Labrador coaft, and Cape Farewell 
 on that of Weft Greenland ; both of wliich 
 are in about the 6cth degree of N lat. It 
 abounds with whales ; and on the S W 
 fide of Davis's ftraits has a communication 
 with Hudfon*s Bay, through a clufter of 
 iflands. It was difcovered by the naviga- 
 tor whofe name it bears, in the year i66z. 
 Some maps fhew a communication with 
 Hudfon's Bay, in the 70th degree of N 
 lat. and in the 70th of W Ion. 
 
 Bagaduce Foifit, a head land within Pe- 
 aobfcot Bay, in Maine. 
 
 Bahama ChanneL See Gulf nf Florida and 
 Bahama IJlavds. 
 
 Bahama IJlands, in the W. Indies, called 
 by the Spaniards Lucayos, coniprehend 
 under this denomination all the illands, in 
 general, which are to the N of Cuba and 
 St. Domingo. The lirfl difcovery of the 
 New W orld, by Columbus, began October 
 1 1, 1492, at Guanahani, or Cats lUand, one 
 of the Bahamas. They were then full of 
 people ; who wereiimple, mild, and lived 
 happy in the midft of plenty. Thefe un- 
 fortunate people were tianfported to the 
 mines of St. Domingo, after the cruel 
 Spaniards had exterminated the numerous 
 inhabitants of that large illand ; 14 years 
 after the difcovery of thefe illands, not 
 one perfon remained in any of the Baha- 
 mas. At this time Charles II. granted the 
 Bahamas to the proprietors of Carolina, 
 They fent feveral governors, and built 
 the town of Naflau, which is now the feat 
 of government in the I. of Providence. 
 The ifland of Providence afterwards be- 
 carhe an harbour for pirates, who, for a 
 long time, infefted the American naviga- 
 tion. In 1718, Capt. Woods Rogers was 
 fent to diflodge the pirates, and form a 
 fettlement This the captain effedled ; 
 and the iilands have been improving fi nee 
 by a flow progrefs. In time of war, the 
 people gain confiderably by the prizes 
 condemned there ; and in the courfe of 
 the late war between G. Britain and 
 France, numbers of American veflels, car- 
 rying proviiions and ftores to French ports, 
 were carried here and condemned ; and at 
 all times they profit by the wrecks which 
 are frequent in this labyrinth of rocks and 
 flioais. The Spaniards and Americans 
 captured thefe iilands during the Ameri- 
 can war ; but they were retaken April 7, 
 1783. The Bahamas are faid to be 500 
 in number; fome of them only rocks, 
 othcrii vei y low and narrow, or little fpot« 
 of land on a level with the water's edge ; 
 but I - of them are large and fertile, Ibme 
 indeed rocky and barren Five of them 
 only are inhabited, viz Promdence, Har- 
 boiir, Eljuthera, Cat, and Exuma ; Turk's 
 iflands have about 500 men in the fait 
 feaon, but at other times half of them re- 
 turn to Bermuda. The principal ifland 
 which has given its name ro the whole 
 clufter is Great BahajrM, in the Northern 
 Bank, called the Little Bank of BalamUt 
 whofe fituation is E and W about i.o 
 leagues from the coaft of Florida. At a 
 little diftance to the E is Lucaoneqtie, of 
 ncarjv the fame lizCj v/hofe fituation is N 
 
BAH 
 
 BAK 
 
 and S. To the N of bat a is Lucayo, which 
 iies E and W. A channel of 8 or lo 
 leagues feparates the Little Bank, from 
 the Great Bank, in which is Providence J. 
 with the great iiland of Alabajler, which 
 has Harbor I. on the N Cape. Amlros ifl- 
 ands are on the S Wof Providence, which 
 take up a fpace of 30 leagues long and 5 
 broad. Towards the S E are Stocking, 
 Exuma, and Tuma, or Long Iiland. Gua- 
 nahani, or Cats I the firft difcovered in 
 America, lies E of the Great Bank, and is 
 feparated from it by Exuma Sound. The 
 climate of thefe iflands is temperate and 
 the air healthy- On the coafts is found 
 ambergrife ; and the inhabitants catch 
 great quantities of green turtle. The on- 
 ly article cultivated for exportation is 
 cotton ; of which the medium export is 
 1500 bags of 2 cwt. each. In 1787, there 
 were 4500 acres in cotton. In 1785, 
 1786, and 1787, which were favorable 
 years, each acre produced about iialbs. 
 It is very liable to be deltroyed by the 
 worms ; between September and March, 
 1 788, no lefs than a8o tons were deftroy- 
 ed. Thefe iflands alfo produce a great 
 quantity of dying woods, and fome lig- 
 numvitas and mahogany ; and lie between 
 1Z and Z7, N lat. and ^t, and 81, W Ion. 
 In 1773, there were 2052 wiiite, and 
 2241 black, inhabitants ; but of late years 
 there has been a conliderable emigration 
 from North America, fo that the precife 
 number cannot be given. 
 
 Baha?na, the chief of the Bahama ifl- 
 ands, is about 20 leagues from the coaft of 
 Florida, and about 10 W from the ifiand 
 of Lucayo. It is about 28 leagues long 
 and 3 broad, is very fruitful, has a ferene 
 air, and is watered with multitudes of 
 I'prings and brooks. It formerly produc- 
 ed great quantities of faflfafras, farfaparil- 
 la and redwood, which were all deftroved 
 by the Spaniards. Its chief produce, now, 
 is cotton, Indian wheat, fowls, and a par- 
 ticular kind of rabbits ; they have lup- 
 plics of other proviiions from the conti- 
 nent. Their chief commerce confifts in 
 larniilaing with provifions, fuch flaips as 
 are driven in here by bad weather. It is 
 fitunted on the fand bank, called Little 
 Bahama Bank, v/hich extends northward 
 60 miles. The Strait of Bahama, or Gulf 
 tf Florida, lies between the coaft of Florida 
 and this iiland. The Spanifii flrlps from 
 the Havannah homeward, are obliged to 
 wait an opportunity to pafs this flrait'; and 
 the flrait is 16 ieagiies broad, and 45 long. 
 
 Bahia,CT Bay, Ibmetimes applied to St. 
 S'dvadore, the capital of Brazil, and to 
 Vol., I. X> 
 
 the Bay of All Saints, in which captain- 
 fhip it is fituated. 
 
 Bahia Hondii, al'iy on the northern iitXs 
 of the G.of Cuba. I'he bay has 10 to 15 fath- 
 oms of watcr,the entrance intothe harbour 
 and an anchorage in 4 and 5 fathoms. The 
 entrance lies in N lat. 23 26, V/ Ion. 83 25. 
 
 Bahia dc Chetiunel, called by the Brilifit 
 Hanover Bay, lies on the V. fide of the 
 peninfula of Yucatan in the fea of Hon- 
 duras, and into which falls Honde R. It 
 has the I^ogwood Country on the S. At 
 its mouth are two large illands and a num- 
 ber of ifiots. The iargeft ifland is J\m-r 
 bergrife Key, which luns along the mouth 
 of the bayj, and is 70 miles long. 
 
 Bairdjioivn, or Beardjloivn, a pofi town in 
 Nelfon CO. Kentucky, is a flourifliing place 
 of 579 inhabitants, fituated on the head 
 waters of Salt river, 50 miles S E from 
 Louifville, 619 from Wafliington. 
 
 Baker s Falls in Hudfon river, at the 
 bend, i mile above Fort Edward, deferve 
 the notice of travellers. 
 
 Bakcrsfeld, a town in Franklin co. Ver- 
 mont. It has 222 inhabitants, 50 miles 
 N E of Burlington. 
 
 Baker s IJland, is about three eights of a 
 mile long, lying to the S W of Cape Ann, 
 ofFSalem harbour, Maflachufetts ; on the 
 N end of which a light houfe was erecTled 
 in 1797, with two lights about 40 feet 
 from each other, ranging N W ^ V/, and 
 S Ei E, the S liglit <)$ feet from the wa- 
 ter, the N light 78 feet. Veffcls inv/ard 
 bound and falling in with Cape Ann, may 
 obferve the foilowing diredlions, r:i'z.. 
 When abreafl of Cape Ann Lights, bear- 
 ing N N W about 2 miles diflance, fleer 
 W S W abovit 3 leagues, which brings 
 them up with the Eaflern point of Cape 
 Ann, then fleer W by S 7-* niiles, which 
 brings them up with the Lights on Baker's 
 Iiland. Ships bound to Salem and falling 
 to the fouthward in Bofton bay, and 
 running for the Lights, when making the 
 Lights, they mufl: keep the North, and 
 lowefl: Light, open to the eaflward of the 
 foulhern Light, and run for them, which 
 will carry them to th-e eaflward and clear 
 of the South Breaker of Baker's Ifland, 
 which bears from the Lights, S E by S, i 
 mile and a half diftance. VefTels bound 
 to Salem, having made the I^ights with a 
 weflerly wind, in beating up, mufl not 
 fland to the fouthward and wcflward, 
 further than to Unit one Light in with 
 the other, on account of the South Break- 
 er, nor to the northward further than to 
 bring the Lights to bear W bv S \ S, on 
 account of Cale's Ledge, which bears 
 
 from 
 
B AL 
 
 BAt 
 
 Jfrom the Lights, N E ^ E, i mile and three 
 quarters diilance. In going into Salem 
 and being up with the Lights, give Ba- 
 ker's liland a birth of one quarter mile or 
 lei's, then fleer W by N and you wiU pafs 
 the Mirery Ifiand, leaving it on your lar- 
 board hand; which l)ears from the Lights, 
 N W^ N. diftance 4-5 of a mile, continue 
 your courfe W by N 1 mile and a half, 
 then vou have palled Bowditch's Ledge, 
 leaving it on vovir larboard hand, where 
 any Rrangcr may anchor in fafety, in 
 about 5 fathom water, good anchoring 
 ground. Biit, if you chooi'c to proceed 
 into Salem Harbour, then fleer W untl 
 abreail of tlie Haflc, which you will leave 
 On your larboard ha.ad, about a half a mile 
 diilance, then fleer S W by W, wKich will 
 carry you into Salem Hnrbour. N. B. Eafl- 
 ern Point bears froraBaker's Ifiand Lights, 
 t by N i N, 7-§ miles, dia-mce. Half 
 "tVay Pvock bears from the Lights, S one 
 quarter E, 3^ miles diflaace : Harding's 
 P..ock3, bear from the Lights W, -^ N, dis- 
 tance half a mile. 
 
 Baldutha, a fettlement in the eaflern- 
 mofl part of Kentucky, on the V*'' tide of 
 Big Sandy River. Near this is Clay Lick, 
 and about a mile S E frauds Vancouver's 
 Fort, on the point of land formed by the 
 fork of tlie Big Sandy. 
 
 Bild Eagls, or IVarrior ]\'Iniir.fa'in<i, he 
 about 200 miles W of Philadelphia, in 
 Bedford co. Pennfylvania, and forms the 
 wefteiu boundary of Paid Eagle Valley. 
 Bald Eagle is Hkewifc the name of a river 
 which i-uns a N E courfe 44 miles, and 
 falls into the W branch of Sufquehannah 
 River. The head water of Pluron River 
 which falls into Lake Erie, is called Bald 
 Eagle Creek. 
 
 Bald Eagle Valley, or, as it is commonly 
 called, Sinkitig Sprinrr Valley, lies Upon the 
 frontiers of Bedford co. in Pennfylvania, 
 about 200 miles N N W from Philadel- 
 pl-.ia. It hcis on the E a chain of high, 
 rugged mountains, called tlie Canoe Ridge, 
 and onthe W, the i>^////-£ag-/c', or Warrior 
 JNIountains. This is a pleafant vale, of 
 lim.eflone bottom, 5 miles in extent where 
 widcfl ; and in the ^iciaity are great 
 quantities of lead ore» It contained, in 
 1779, about 60 or 70 families, living in 
 log houfe^^ who formed, in the fpace of 
 7 or 8 years, feveral valuable plantations, 
 ibmc of which are remarkably agreeable 
 on account of their fituatiou in the Au- 
 tumn of 1799, the yellow fever proved 
 mortal to a numb'^r of the inhabitants. 
 During the late wr:r with Great Britain, 
 lead was much wanted, and very difficult 
 
 to be procured, which induced a c6^« 
 pany, under the promifes of the State, t<y 
 fettle here, and eftablifli a regular fet of 
 works. A fort of logs was erecled for 
 the protedllon of the miners ; and a con- 
 liderable quantity of ore was produced, 
 from which lead enough was made, te^ 
 give a competent idea of the real value of 
 the mines in generah The danger of the 
 fituation, however, while an Indian war 
 continued, occafioned the failure of the 
 undertaking. The lead ore was of many 
 kinc'S ; fome in broad flakes, and others- 
 cf the flecly texture. Several regular 
 fliiafts were funk to a confiderable depth ; 
 one of wliich was on the hill, upon which 
 the fort was ere6led, and from which ma- 
 ny large malfes of ore were procured ;" 
 but, not forming a regular vein, it was 
 difcontinued, and anotiier opened about a 
 mile from the fort, nearer to Frank's 
 I'own. Here the miners continued until 
 they finally relinquiilied the bufmefs. 
 Wiien they firfl began, they found in the 
 upper furface or veg. table earth, feveral 
 hundred weight of cubic lead ore, clean 
 and unmixed with any fubftance v/ha lev- 
 er, which continued as a clue, \e:'A\i\g 
 them down through the different fhata of- 
 earth, marl, &c. until they came to the 
 rock, which is here in general of the lirae- 
 flone kind. Among other curiolities of 
 this piace, is that called the Sivalloivs.'<^\\ich. 
 abforb feveral of the largcfl flream.s of the 
 valley, and after conveying tiiem feveral 
 miles under ground, in a fubterrancous 
 courfe, return them again upon the fur- 
 face. Thefe fubterraneous paflages hava 
 given rife to the name, Sitiling Sprwg Val- 
 ley. Of thefe the moft remarkiible is call- 
 ed the Arch Springs, and run clofe upon the 
 road from the to'.vn to the fort. It is a. 
 deep hollow, formed in the limeflone 
 rock, "bout 30 feet >> ide, with a rude nat- 
 ural flone arch hanging over it, forming a 
 pafiage for the water, which it throws out 
 with fome degree of violence^ and in fuch 
 plenty as to form a fine flream, n hich at' 
 length buries itfelf again in the bowels of 
 tlie earth. Some of thel'e pits are near 
 3 00 feet deep •, the water at the bottom 
 feems in rapid motion ; and is apparently 
 as black as ink ; though it is as pure as, 
 the finefl fprings can produce. Many of 
 thefe pits are placed along the courfe of 
 this fubierraneous river, \hich foon aiter 
 akcs an opportunity of an opening at a 
 declivity of tlie ground, and keeps along 
 the furface among the rocky hills for a 
 few rods, then enters the mouth of a large 
 cave, 'whofe exterior aperture would be 
 
 fulTicieat' 
 
B AL 
 
 B AL 
 
 fufficient to admit a fliallop with her fails 
 full fpread. In the iniide it keeps from 
 1 8 to 20 feet wide. The roof dechnes 
 as you advance, and a ledge of loofe, rug- 
 ged rocks, keeps in tolerable order, on one 
 tide, affording means to fcrarable along. 
 In the niidft of this cave is much timber, 
 bodies of trees, branches, 8<c. v/hich be- 
 ing lodged up to the roof of this pallage, 
 fliews that the water is fwelled up to the 
 very top during frefliets. This opening 
 in the hill continues about 400 yards, 
 when the cave widens, after you have got 
 round a fudden turning (which prevents 
 its being difcovered till you are v/ithin it) 
 into a fpacious room, at the bottom of 
 which is a vortex, the \vater that falls in- 
 to it whirling round with amazing force ; 
 fticks, or even pieces of timber, are imme- 
 diately abforbed, and carried out of fight, 
 the water boiling up with exceiiive vio- 
 lence, v. hich fubfides by degrees, until the 
 experiment is renewed. Irom the top of 
 th« Bald Eagle Mountains is a fine prof- 
 pedl of the Alleghany, ftretching along un- 
 til they fetm to meet the clouds. Much 
 Hate is found here, with ftrong figns of pit 
 coal. Such as vifit thefe parts muft crofs 
 the Juniatta river 3 or 4 times, from Stand- 
 ing Stone or Himtington, to the fort ; 
 from which it is computed to be ahcut az 
 Wiiles diflance. 
 
 BaU MnuiJtains, See Tmcjfee. 
 
 Bald Head, at the mouth of Cape Fear 
 River, N. Carolina, is at the S W end of 
 Smith's I. and with Oak I. forms the main 
 entrance into the river. The light houfe, 
 which was ered:ed here in Dec. 1794, 
 bears 4 miles N N W from the. point of 
 Cape Fear, and 24 miles N W by N, from 
 the extremity of the Frying Pan flioals. 
 
 Bald Head makes the S W part of what 
 is called Wells Bay, in the Didrid: of 
 Maine. Between Cape Neddick harbour 
 on the S S W, and Wells Bay are fcveral 
 coves, where fmall. velfels in a fmooth 
 time, and with a wefteriy wind, haul 
 alhore, and are loaded, with wood in the^ 
 cpurlie of a tide, v/ith eafe and fafety. 
 
 Baldivia, or Valdivia^ a feaport town in 
 the province of Chili Proper, in the king- 
 dom of Chili, 3^ America. It was Ivailt by 
 the Spanifli General. Baldivia, about the, 
 year 155 1, and ftands between the rivers 
 Gallacalles and Portcro, where they fall 
 into the S. Sea. In the yearijjy, the 
 Chilefe chafed the Spaniar.d,s from . this 
 fettlement, burned the town, and put the. 
 inhabitants to the fword ; pouring melted . 
 ^M down the governor's throat ■ when 
 
 aKve, and afterwards ufed his flvull for It 
 cup to drink in. There are many gold 
 mines here, and the Spaniards have fortr- 
 lied the place ftronglv, as it is fi-ppoicci to 
 be the key of the S. teas. The Vvhiies of 
 Peru and Chili, baniflied for their crimes, 
 are font hkher to fupport the forcifica* 
 tioiis. Thex)uteh made themfclves rnaf- 
 ters of it in 1643 » t>ut were forced to a- 
 bandcn it, leaving all their cannon, 30 or 
 40 pieces, baggage and ftores ; on advice 
 that luccours were arriving to oppofe 
 them from Peru. The viceroy fends 
 30.000 crowns a year, to fupport the gar- 
 rifon. There are great rains here during 
 3 moiUhs of the year. S lat. 32 38, W 
 Ion. 73 io. Baldivia isalfo the name of 
 a river in Chili. 
 
 Salixe, Old and Nerv, 105 miles belovr 
 New Orleans, were formerly inconfidcra- 
 ble pofts, at the mouths of tlie Mifhiippi, 
 with 3 or 4 cannon in each, and garriion- 
 ed by a fubaltein's command. They ap- 
 pear to liave been eftabliihcd for the pur- 
 pofes of allifling vefiels, coming into the 
 river, aad forwarding intelligence to New 
 Orleans, They are lb lituated as not to 
 defend the entrance into the river, not be- 
 ing fufficicntly near its deepefb channel. 
 With a fair wind the v^oyag* from the 
 Bahze to New Orleans 105 miles, is per- 
 formed in, 3 or, 4 days, commonly in 7 or 
 8 day J. Hut chins. 
 
 Balleze, Balltze^ or IVall'iSy a^river in the 
 peninfula of Yucatan, New Spain, v/hich 
 runs northeafberly above 200 miles, and- 
 cmpties into the bay of Honduras, oppo- 
 lite the N end of Turncfl' likmd. By the 
 treaty of peace in 1783, it is agreed that 
 Britilli fubjecfs iliali have theright of cut- 
 ting and carrying away logwood in the. 
 diftriift lying between this river and that 
 of Rio Honde, on the N, which falls into- 
 Hanover Bay. The courie of the rive: 5 
 are to be the tmalterable boundaries. 
 
 Balltoivn, a pofl town in Saratoga cr>. 
 N. York, and has 2099 inhabitants. Ir. lies 
 27 miles N N W of Albany, has a Prclhy- 
 terian meeting houfe, and is in a thriving 
 ilate ; 428 miles from Walhington. The 
 medicinal waters called Ballioivn Upriv^Sy 
 from their being found within the limits 
 of this town, .are of great celebrity, both 
 on account of their healing virtue, and 
 the fuperior accommodations found rear 
 theiTi for valetudinarians. They arc iitii- 
 ated about 12 miles W of Still Water ; 14 
 from that part of the banks of the Kud- 
 fon famous for the vi<5Vory of Gen. "Gates 
 ovcr,.Gcn,Ewrgoync ; 30 N of Albany ; 3c 
 
 S.of 
 
B AL 
 
 BAL 
 
 S of Lake George, and 190 above the city 
 of N. York. The fprlngs are found in 
 the bottom of a valicy, or excavation, 
 forming a kind of bafon of about 50 acres 
 in extent. The woods arq pretty well 
 cleared near the fprings. I'here are feve- 
 ral large houfcs for entertainment, with 
 neat bathing houfes, and iho\Vler baths for 
 the convenience of invalids. The largeft 
 I'pring belongs to the public. Sir William 
 johnibn made this obfervation, when he 
 Ibid this tradl of land to private individu- 
 als : " In tracing the hiftory of thefe medi- 
 cinal fprings, I could only learn that an 
 Indian chief difcovered them to a fick 
 French oflicer in the early part of their 
 wars v/ith the EngHln. But whether they 
 were tliefe very Iprings in this bafon, or 
 thofe at 10 miles diflance, properly called 
 the Saratoga Springs, I know not " The 
 foil for half a dozen miles in Ibme di- 
 retftions round this place, is poor and 
 landy, producing little elfe than pine trees, 
 llirub oaks, fern, and miillen. In the hills 
 in the vicinity, ores have been found, ef- 
 pecially iroa and copper, or rather what 
 the mineralogifts call fern/j^inous and capre-. 
 Gus pyrites. The valley of Balltown and 
 its environs may be made an enchanting 
 i'pot, equal, nay, fuperior in fome refpedks 
 to any of the watering places in Europe, 
 'i'he KayaderalToras river, which is about 
 30 yards wide, gives feveral hints to the 
 jnan of tafte, to turn its waters to the life 
 iirid beauty of the future town, which thefe 
 3nedicinal fprings will one day raife in this 
 place. The medicinal waters which have 
 made tliis fpot fo famous of late, are re- 
 jnarkably limpid, confidering they con- 
 t;un iron, a mineral alkali^ co?n>noit fait, and 
 iitne. They are brifk and fparkling like 
 champaigne. In drinking tliey affetSt the 
 3iofe and palate like bottled cider, and 
 iiightly afTccl the head of fome people, 
 by their inebriating quahty. They de- 
 rive this exhilirating quality from what 
 Dr. Prieflly ca\h fixed air, and is that an- 
 imating fomethiivr v.'hich gives, aclivity 
 to yeall, and life to malt liquors. It is 
 iil'ed in the neighbourhood of the fpringa 
 inftead of yeaft in making bread ; and 
 makes it rife more fpeedily and cfTedtual- 
 lythan any other ferment in ordinary ufc. 
 Horfes drink thefe waters with avidity. 
 T'jie ignorant country people fee, withaf- 
 touilhment, that a candle xaWS. not burn 
 near the furface of thefe waters. Fifli and 
 frog> are killed in a few minutes, and 
 geefeand ducks can only fwim in them a 
 few minutes before they expire. Thefe 
 
 waters are apt to burft bottles, when coj^si 
 ed in very warm weather, efpecially dur- 
 ing a thunder dorm ; but with care may 
 be tranfported in bottles to any diftance. 
 They boil with a very moderate degree 
 of heat ; they are nevertheiefs, remarka- 
 bly cold ; for when the mercury in Fah- 
 renheit's thermometer flood at 86 in the 
 open «iir, and 79 in the brook running 
 near the fpring, it ftood in one of thefe 
 mineral fprings at 49, and in the other at 
 51. The firll was conflantly fecluded 
 from the rays of the fun ; the laft always 
 expofed withput a covering. Phyiicians 
 feldom direct their patients to drink more 
 than three quarts of thefe waters in iz 
 hours ; b.ut fome drink the enormous 
 quantity of 3 gallons, and even more, in a 
 day. Cold as they are they may be drunk- 
 en with fafety in the hottefl weather. 
 They incrcafe every natural evacuation; 
 nay, they are cathartic, diuretic and fu- 
 dorific, at the fame time. On the firfl tri- 
 al they are apt to difagree Avith many peo- 
 ple, they create uneahnefs in the flomach 
 and bowels, and caufe a heat in the glands, 
 of the throat, until they begin to pafs off 
 freely by th? kidneys. They then become 
 pleafant and operate agreeably. They 
 blacken the teeth and alfo tlie alvine fae- 
 ces. They are deemed a fpeciiic in lofs 
 of appetite and indigeflion. They are 
 j highly ferviceable in hypochondriac and 
 I billions cafes, in obftruclions, and in the 
 I flone and gra,v?l, and cutaneous diforders,. 
 Their credit is not fo well eflabliflied in 
 the gout or rheumatifm. They are hurt- 
 ful in innantimatory diforders and conr 
 furaptions. Their ufe occalions heat in 
 the glands of the throat, and flilFnefs of 
 the neck, and in fuch as are fubje<5t to the 
 toothache, an aggravation of the pain. 
 They are a powerful and precious remedy 
 in the hands of the judicious, but ought 
 never to be ufed without the advice of a 
 ikilful phyfician. 
 
 Ballfloivn, a town in Lincoln co. Maine, 
 containing 1^59 inhabitants ; 195 miles N 
 Lfrom BoRon, la N of WifcafTett. 
 
 UaltiMore Co. in Maryland, lies between 
 Patapfco and Gunpowder riversjthe former 
 dividing it from Ann Arundel co. on the S 
 and S W, Gunpo\ydcr and Little GunpoAv'- 
 der feparating it from Harford co. on the 
 1'. and N F. It has Frederick co. on the 
 \V jmd N W, Pennfylvania on the N, and 
 Chelapeak Bay on the S E. Belides the 
 rivers which bound it, and their branches, 
 this county has Back and INIiddle rivers, 
 between the Uvo former; but they are 
 
 ruther 
 
B AL 
 
 BAR 
 
 Wt}ier arms of Chefapeak bay, than riv- 
 ers. Back R. 4 or 5 miles E of Patapfco, 
 receives two fmall ftreams ; the N v/eft- 
 ernmofl is called Herring Run. Middle 
 R. has little or no fupply of frefli water. 
 There are numerous iron works in this 
 county ; and it contains 59,030 inhabit- 
 ants, including 9673 flaves. Its chief town 
 is Baltimore. 
 
 Baltimore, a pofl town in the above coun- 
 ty, and the largeft in the ftate of Mary- 
 land. It is larger than Bofton. It 
 is lituated on the N fide of Patapfco R. at 
 a fmall diftance from its junction with the 
 Chefapeak. The entrance of the hai'bour 
 is defended by Whetftone Fort ; hardly a 
 piflol lliot acrofs, and of courfe may eafi- 
 ly be defended againfl naval force. From 
 the head of Ilk R. at the head of the bay 
 to Baltimore, is about 60 miles. The 
 town is built around what is called the 
 bafon, reckoned one of the finell harboiirs 
 in America. The water rifes S cr 6 feet 
 at common ticks. It is divided into what 
 is called the town and Feli's Point, by a 
 creek ; over which are two bridges : but 
 the Ixjufes extend, in an irregular manner, 
 from the one to the other. At Fell's 
 Point the water is deep enough for ihips 
 of burden, but fmall veiFels only go up tQ 
 the town. The iituation is low, and vvas 
 formerly thought unhealthy, but, by its 
 rapid increafc, improvementb have taken 
 place, which have corrected the dampnefs 
 of the air, and it is now judged to be 
 healthy. In 1 78 7, it contained 1955 dwell- 
 ing houfes ; of which 1 300 were in the 
 town, and the rpft at Fell's Point. It then 
 had iji ftores. The inhabitants now are 
 l6,si4, of whom 2843 are Haves. Before 
 the emigration of the French people from 
 Cape Fran(;ois, and other illands, the houf- 
 es had increafed to 2300. Thole unfor- 
 tunate people, flying from their mercilefs 
 countrymen, who had burned and pillag- 
 ed their cities and towns, and niurdered 
 their relations and friends, found here an 
 hofpitable afvlum, after fufferings hardly 
 paralleled in the annals of hiftory. Here 
 y.re II places of public worfliip, which he- 
 lp n-g to Roman Cathohcs, Geinian Cal- 
 vinifls and Lutherans, Epifcopahans,Picf- 
 byterians, Baptifts, Mcthodifrs, Quakers, 
 Nicolites, or New Quakers, and the difci- 
 ples of Baron Swedenborg, who all Hve 
 together in peace. It is inhabited by peo- 
 ple from mod parts of Europe. The prin- 
 cipal ftre'et is Market ftrcct, "/hich runs 
 nearly E and W a mile in Icipth, paraHel 
 \vilh the water. This is croiTed ■"•v a nuni- 
 
 ber of other ftreets, which run from th<9 
 I water ; a number of which, particularly 
 j Calvert and Gay ftreets, are well built, 
 i N and E of the town, the land rifes, an4 
 , prefents a noble view of the town and bay. 
 i In 1790, this city owned 27 iliips, i fnow, 
 j 31 brigantines, 34 fchooners, and 9 Hoops 
 j — ^Total 102; tonnage 13,564. In the bc- 
 I ginning of 1798 the Ihipping amounted 
 I to 59,837 tons. The exports in 1790 a- 
 j mounted to 2,027,770, and the imports to 
 j 1,945,899 dollars. In 1798 the exports 
 exceeded 12,000,000 dollars. The affair;* 
 of the town are managed by a board of 
 town commiflioners, a board of fpecial 
 commiilioners, and a board of ward- 
 ens ; the firfl board fills its own vacancies, 
 and is perpetual ; the two Lift are appoint- 
 ed by electors, chofen every 5th year by 
 the citizens. It is S2> rnilcs S WfromElk- 
 town, 176 N E from Richmond in Vir- 
 ginia ; 43 N E from the city of \^^lliing- 
 ton, and 103 S W from Philadelphia. N 
 lat- 39 21, W Ion. 77 48. 
 
 Bau^or, a pofl: town in Hancock co- 
 Maine, on the weflern lide of Penobfcot 
 R. 37 miles northerly from Cafline and 27 
 northeaAerly from Fort Point at the mouth 
 of the river. 'Phis tovv-n is at the head of 
 navigation ; veilels of 200 tons may come 
 up to it. 'Phe harbour is called 'Kcndnf- 
 hag at the mouth of the river of that 
 name, which is the principal place of trade 
 on the river. Here arc a number of hand- 
 fome houfes. It promifes to be a place of 
 confequence. 
 
 Bank:, Port, a harbour, on the N W coall; 
 of America, S ealf crly from Cape Edge- 
 comibe, and N weflerly from bea Otter 
 Sound. 
 
 Bann^ a townflu'p in York co. Pennfvl- 
 v^nia. 
 
 Bcracna, a feaport tov.m in the N E part 
 of the iOand of Cuba, in the W. Indies; 
 50 miles N E of St. Jago de Cuba. N lat. 
 21, W Ion. 76 10. 
 
 Bnraquhimito, a town in Terra Firma, S. 
 
 j America, in the province of Caracas, and 
 
 j in the head waters of Oroonoco R. ;'bout 
 
 80 miles S fron; Valencia, and 175 N W 
 
 from Calabeza. N lat. 8 $j^, V/ Ion. d^ ^^, 
 
 ! Barhadoes, one of the Caribbee iflands, 
 
 belonging to Britain, and next to Januiica 
 
 } for importance in the \^^ Indies. It is a- 
 
 bout 21 miles in length from High Point, 
 
 its "north.era extremity, to South Point \ 
 
 and 14 in breadth, from the Cliair near 
 
 Kitridge Bay E to Valiant Royalifl: Fort^ 
 
 V/, and contains 106,470 acres of \\\n^^ 
 
 niclt \:ii which is under cukivr.tion. It lies 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 *G leagues £ from St. Vincent, which may 
 be feen in a clear day ; 25 from St. Lucii' ; 
 ^8 S E from Martinico ; 60 N K from 
 Trinidad, and 100 S E from St. Chrifto- 
 pher's. It is divided into 5 diflridts, and 
 II pariflies ; and contains 4 towns, viz. 
 ."Bridgetown, the capital ; Oftins, or 
 Charieftown ; St. James, formerly calleu 
 the Hole ; and Speights Town. The names 
 of the pariilies are St. LncyV,, St. Peter's, 
 St. James's, St. Andrew's, St. Thomas's St. 
 Jofeph's, St. John's, St. George's, St. Mich- 
 ael's, St. Phihp's, and Chrifl Church. Its 
 foil raufl: be allowed to be highly fertile, if 
 it be true, that it contained in 1670,50.000 
 ■whites, and ioo,oco blacks ; whole la- 
 bours employed 60,000 tons of Clipping 
 This is thought to be exaggerated ; but it 
 5s certain that its population has decreaf- 
 ed rapidly. In 1786 the numbers were 
 26,167 whites ; 838 free people of cricr. 
 and 62,115 negroes. The exports., on an 
 average, of 17S4, 1785, and 1786, had 
 fallen to 9.554 hhds. of fugar ; 5448 pun- 
 cheons of rum; 6520,bag^ of ginger ; 8331 
 bags of cotton, excluilve 0; fmall articles, 
 as aloes, fvveet meats, &c. In the year 
 ending the 5th of Jan. 1788, 243 veffels 
 cleared outwards ; and the London mar- 
 3cet price of their cargoes in fterl. money, 
 amounted to ^539,605-14-10; of which 
 the value exported to the United States, 
 "was _£23,2i 7-13-4. That the dreadful 
 iucceffion of hurricanes, with which this 
 and the other W. India ifiands have been 
 vifited, for many years pafl, has contrib- 
 uted to this great defalcation, cannot be 
 doubted. Bridgetown was fcarcely rifen 
 from the afliej to which two dreadful 
 fires hr.d reduced it, when It was torn from 
 its foundations, and the whole country 
 onadeaicene-of dcfclation, by the ftorm 
 of the loth of Oift. 1 780, in which no lei's 
 than 4326 of the inhabitants, Iplacks and 
 whites, miferably pe/iflied ; and the dam- 
 ;ige done to property was computed at 
 Xi,320,564-I.:. fterL The force of the 
 wind was at one place fo great as to lift 
 fome pieces of cannon, with their carri- 
 ages, feveral paces from the ramparts. 
 The trade of this, and fonic others of tlie 
 ifiands, lufTers conhderably by a duty of 
 4j per cent, on exported produce ; out of 
 which, however, the governor's falary, 
 ;(^20oo a year, is paid. The crown ac- 
 quired this revenue in the reign of Charles 
 II. which the planters agreed to, in order 
 to fecure pofTeHlons to which they had 
 uncertain titles. Barbadoes wag probably 
 difcovered fuft by the Portuguele. It is 
 
 ufually ranked among the winaward df- 
 vilion of the Caribbces, being a da\' or 
 two's fail from Surinam. From its being 
 the firft difcovered of any of thefe iHands, 
 it is called Mother of the Sugar Cdonies. — 
 The iirfl of the Englifh wlio are known 
 to have landed here, were the crew of the 
 Olive BloJfom^^w.Qd. out by Sir Olive Leigh, 
 in 1605. It was found abfolutely defo- 
 lale ; nor had it the appearance of hav-. 
 'ng been peopled even by the mod bar- 
 barous Indians. The ifland is fortified by 
 naUire, all alpng the wiiidward fiiore, by 
 rocks an4 ijlioals, fo as to be almofl inac- 
 ceffiuie ; on the leev/ard fide it has good 
 harbours ; Init the whole coaft is protet5ted 
 by a good line, of feveral miles in length, 
 a^d leveral forts, to defend it, at the mofl 
 material places. The military, civil, and 
 religious eftablifhmcnts are well provided 
 for. Here is a, college founded by CoL 
 Codrington ; the only inftitution of the 
 kind in the W. Indies ; but it has not an- 
 fwered the intention of the founder. The 
 houfes of t^h^ pbnters areverythlcklyfowa, 
 all along the country, v.hich, with the lux-., 
 uriant prcdu(fticns of the foil, and the 
 gently fw;eiling liiUs, form a delightful 
 fcene. The carliefl planters of Barbadoes 
 were fometimes reproaclied vWth the guilt 
 of forcing or decoying into fiavery, the 
 Indians of the neighlioring continent. 
 The hiilory oi Inkle and Tarico,Vi]\\c\\ the 
 Spedlator has recorded for the deteflalion 
 of mankind, took its rife in this ifl- 
 and ; but happily tliis fpecies of fiavery 
 was foon abolilhed. The Barbadoes tar 
 is a particular produdlion of this ifland. 
 It rifes out of the earth, and fwims on 
 the furface of the w?ter. It is of great 
 \ife in the dry bellyache, and in difeafes of 
 the breafh The capital, Bridgetown, lies 
 in N lat. 13 i?, W Ion. 59. 
 
 Barbara, St. an ifland on the coafl: of Bra- 
 zil. Alfo the chief town of hew Bifcay. 
 
 Barbe, St. a towu in New Bifcay, in tlie. 
 vicinity of which are very rich lilver 
 m.ines. It lies joo miles N W of tlie city 
 of Mexico. N lat. 26 ic, W Ion. no 5.' 
 
 Barbiala, or Barboutbes, one of the Carib- . 
 bee iflands, -^^S m^les N of Antigua, and ^'i 
 N E of St. Chriifopher's, and is 20 miles, 
 long and 12,, broad. The natives apply 
 thtmfelves chiefly to the breeding of cat- 
 tle, and furaifl^ing the neighbouring ill- 
 ands with proviiions. It is fertile, abound- 
 ing in the naj.ural productions of tlie other 
 W. India iflands ; and has a good road for 
 fliipping, but no direct trade to Britain. 
 It belongs tQ the Codrington family, to 
 
 whoiti 
 
BAR 
 
 BAll 
 
 n-hom it produces above ^5000 a year. 
 The inhabitants amount to about 1500. 
 N lat. 18 T^o, W Ion. 61 50. 
 
 Barque, Ri'viere a la, empties into Lake 
 Michigan, from E S E between Railin and 
 Marame rivers. Its mouth 60 yards wide, 
 is 7Z miles N by W from Fort St. Jofeph. 
 Alfo, the name of a xiver v/hich empties 
 into Lake Erie, from the N E 40 miles W 
 N W from the extremity of Long Point 
 in that lake, and 22 E by S from Tonty R. 
 
 SarcfeUs, a poR town in I>iberLy co. S, 
 Carolina, 414 miles fron: Wafliingtun. 
 
 Barkad::res, the name of a part of the 
 Logwood Country on tlie E lide of the 
 peninfula of Yucatan, through which the 
 river Balize runs into the Sea of Honduras. 
 It has Hicks Keys on the S, and South La- 
 goon on the N. Lat 17 45 N, Ion. 89 W. 
 
 JBurkhaarfteadi a town in tiae northern 
 part of Conneiflicut, LitchficM co. having 
 Hartland on the N, and Granby I . About 
 %S miles W of Hartford, and 20 N E of 
 Litchfield. 
 
 BarfiatdjSi town in Windfor co. Vermont, 
 about 2C miles N W of Windfor. It has 
 1236 inhabitants. 
 
 j3ar>iarJJion, a townfliip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, Hampfliire co. on the W bank of 
 ConneAicut river, adjoining Northfield, 
 94 miles N W of Bufton, containing 780 
 inhabitants. 
 
 BarnwufiUt, an ifland of S. America, to 
 the S of Terra del Fuego, difcovered in 
 1616. S lat. S5 49> W Ion. 66 58. 
 
 Barnegat Inlet, called in fome maps, 
 iT.'ic Lili-t, is the pallage from the fea into 
 Flat Bay Sound, on the S eafbern coaft of 
 New Jerfey, 68 miles N E from Cape 
 May. N lat. 39 47! Wlo«. 74 13. Bar- 
 negat Beach lies below this Inlet, between 
 it and Little Egg Harbour, 16 miles dif- 
 tant, S W. 
 
 Barnegat, the name of a fmall village of 
 8 or 10 houfes, on the eafl bank of Hud- 
 fon river, 5 miles S of Poughkeepfle, and 
 75 N of N. York. The bufinefs of the 
 few inhatjitants of this place, is burning 
 lime, from the vaft quantities of lime- 
 flone which are found here. Their lime 
 is -marketed in N. York, whither they 
 e'arry it in great quantities annually. 
 
 Barnet, a poil town, in Caledonia co. 
 Vermont, 15 miles N of Newbury, hav- 
 ing 858 inhabitants who are emigrants 
 from Scotland, and their defcendants. 
 They have a prelbyterian minifter and 
 adhere very flridlly to the forms of the 
 church of Scotland. The lower bar of 
 the 15 mile falls, in ConaeiSticut R, is lit- 
 
 uated at the N E corner of this townftii^ 
 Into that river it fends Stephens R. which 
 rifes in Peacham, tlie adjoining town oa 
 the W. 
 
 Bamjtable Co. lies Upon the peninfula, 
 the point of v/hich is Cape Cod, the S 
 eaftward point of Mafiachuietts Bay, op-* 
 polite Cape Ann. Cape Cod lies in N 
 lat. 42 4, W ion. from Greenwich 70 
 14, and gives name to the whole penin- 
 fula, which is furrounded by water on 
 all fides, except the W, where it is bound- 
 ed by Plymouth co. It is 65 miles long, 
 as the road runs, from th^ ifthmus between 
 Barnftable and Buzzard's Bays to Race 
 Point ; and its breadth for 30 miles not 
 more than 3, and above half tlie remain- 
 der from 6 to 9 miles. It contains 11 
 townfliips and the plantation of Marfh- 
 pee ; having 19,293 inhabitants. Barn- 
 ftable was made a Ibire in 1685. See' 
 
 Cape Cod. 
 
 Bariifahle^ the Mattacheefs, or Mattacfjes'* 
 Jet of the ancient Indians, is a port of en- 
 try and poft town, and tlie fhire town of 
 Barnftable co. It extends- acr-jfs the pen- 
 infula, and is waibed by the fea en the N 
 and S, having Sandv/ich, and the diflricSfe 
 called Marlbpee, on the W is about 5 
 miles broad, and 9 long; 72 miles S eaft- 
 crly from Boflon. Sandy Neck, on the 
 N flibre, runs E almofl: the length of th© 
 town, and forms the harbour, embofom- 
 ing a large body of fait raarfli. The har- 
 bour is about a mile wide, and 4 long ; 
 in which the tide rifes from 8 to 14 feet. 
 It has a bar running ofr N E from the 
 Neck fev'^eral miles, which prevents the" 
 entrance of large Ihips- ; but fraall vellels 
 may pafsany part of it at high v/ater ; and? 
 where it is commonly croiied, it feldcm 
 has lefs than 6 or 7 feet at low wafer. 
 There is another harbour on the S calleci^ 
 Lenvis's Bay. Its entrance is within Barn- 
 flable, and it extends almofl 2 miles into 
 Yarmouth. It is commodious and fafe, 
 and is com.pletely land locked ; and has> 
 5 feet water at a middling tide. A mile- 
 or tv/o to the weftward; and near the en- 
 trance of Levv-is's Bay, lies Hyads Road, 
 It is formed principally by an ifland, 
 joined by a beach to Yarmouth, wliich 
 together, make the outfide of the bay be- 
 fore mcErfioned. The S head of this ifl- 
 and is caUed Point Gammon. Oyfter 
 Bay, near the S W I'mit of the town, ad- 
 mits fmall vellels ; and which, with I^ew- 
 is's Bay, has in years pafi: produced excel- 
 lent oyflers, in great quantities ; thougk 
 they are now much reduced. There are 
 
 aibout 
 
:bar 
 
 BAR 
 
 s'Fyout 20 or 3c ponds in E?.rnfl:4ble. The 
 knd on the N iide produces from 15 to 
 %,<; buflicls of Indian corn to an acre, and 
 rve ami other grain in proportion. Wheat 
 and flax are cultivated ; the latter with 
 fuccefs. From iz to i8,oco bufliels of 
 onions are raifed and fent chiefly to Bof- 
 ton market. Upwards oi lOC men are i 
 employed in the lifliery, which is yearly j 
 jncrealing. Whales leldom come into 1 
 Maflachufetts Bay now, and that flfnery i 
 is difcontinued. No quarrels with the j 
 ancient natives of the country are record- 
 ed in the accounts of this town. The 
 people, 2964 in number, are generally 
 healthy ; and many inftances of longevity 
 «re to be met with. Numbers of the 
 farmers are occalionally feamen ; and 
 this town has afforded, and continues to 
 furnifli many mafters of vcffels and mar- ! 
 iners v/ho fail from other ports. N lat. 
 
 Barnfiiad, a townfliip m Str^.fFord co.N. 
 Hampfhire, 32 miles N W of Portfmouth. 
 
 Barre^ a poft town in Worcefter co. 
 Maffachufelts, containing 1937 inhabit- 
 ants ; 24 miles N W of WorceAer, and 
 66 W of Boflon, deriving its name from 
 Col. Barrc, a Britilli fenator, who, on the 
 eve of the late war, plead the caufe of 
 America, in the Britifli houle of commons, 
 -with great, but unfuccef&ful energy. This 
 town has good paftures, and here are fat- 
 ted multitudes of cattle j and it is fuppof- 
 ed, more butter and cheefe is carried 
 hence to the market, annually, than from 
 any other town of the fame lize in the 
 State. 
 
 Barre, a townfliip in Huntingdon co. 
 Pep.nfylvania. 
 
 Banc, a poft tov/n in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, has 919 inhabitants, and is about 
 15 miles N W of Newbury, and 591 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 > Barren's So'uJ, on the N W Coaft of 
 America, called by the natives Comret hoi 
 tm, is fituated about 6 leagues from the 
 Southern extremity of Wafliington, or 
 Chiirlotte iflands, in a N W direction, 
 about N lat. 52, W Ion. 131 from Green- 
 wich. It has two inlets ; oi;e on the E, 
 the other on the W fide of the illand ; 
 the latter is the befl:, the other is danger- 
 ous. The fhores arc of a craggy black 
 rock ; the banks lined with trees of va- 
 rious kinds, as pines, fpruce, hemlock, al~ 
 »ler, &c. Mr. Ilofiiin-s, in the furiimer of 
 1791, me.'' Aired one of thefe trees, which 
 -(vas tsn fathom s'xvi circumference. On one 
 iid.' of it a hole Ivad been cut, large enough 
 
 to idniit a man ; within was a fpaciotrj 
 and convenient room, which had appa- 
 rently been dug and burnt out with much 
 labour. Mr. Hofkins concluded that it 
 mufl have been occalionally inhabited by 
 the natives ; as he found in it a box, fire- 
 works, dried wood, and feveral domeftic 
 uteriiils. Thi? found was named after 
 Jofeph Barrell, Efq. of Charleflown, 
 fMaJf.)2.nd was firft vifitftd by Capt. Gray,- 
 in the Wafliington, in I789. 
 
 Barren Creek, rifcs in the N W corner 
 of Delaware ftate, runs about 9 miles S 
 weflerlv, and empties into Nanticoke R. 
 
 Barren R. Both Big: and Little Barren 
 rivers, are S E branches of Green R. in 
 Kentucky. Blue Spring lies between thefe 
 rivers, which fee. 
 
 Barren I. a fmall ifle in Chefapeak Bay, 
 N E from the mouth of Patuxent R. 
 
 Barren, a CO. of Kentucky, containing 
 4784 people, 505 of whom are flaves. 
 
 Barren Iflands, at the entrance of CookV 
 river on the N W coall of America. 
 
 Barnivell,z Diftri(ft of Carollna.contaln- 
 ing 7376 inhabitants, of whom 1690 are' 
 flaves. 
 
 Barreijloivn,\n Lincoln CO. Maine, hav- 
 ing 425 inhabitants. 
 
 Barrinaton, a town in Queens co. Nova 
 Scotia,on the S fide of the Bay of Fundy ; 
 fettled by Quakers from Nantucket. 
 
 Barrington, a tovv'n in Strafford co. N. 
 Hampfliire, about 30 miles N W from 
 Portfmouth, incorporated in 172a, con- 
 taining 2773 inhabitants. AUum is 
 found here ; and the firft ridge of the 
 Frojl Hills, one of the three inferior fum- 
 mits of Agamenticus, is continued through 
 this town, its iituation is very healthy ; 
 e. g. 14 of the firfl: fettlers inT732, were 
 alive in 1785, who were between 80 and 
 90 years oid. 
 
 Barrington, a tov.'ufhip irt Brlftol co. 
 Rhode Ifland, on Warreft R. 3 miles N W 
 of Warren, and about 7 S E from Prov- 
 idence. It contains 650 inhabitants. 
 
 Barr'ngton, Great, is the fecond townfliip 
 in rank in Berkibire co. Maffacluiletts, 
 It contains 1754 inhabitants, and hes 140 
 miles W from Boflon, and fouth of Stock- 
 bridge, adjoining. 
 
 Barrn-.v Harhour, is an extenfive bay in 
 that of Eonavifta, Newfoundland. 
 
 Burt, di ^ovl on the fouthcrn coaflof 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Bart a townfliip in Lancnfber co. I'cnn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 ' Barthdometi', Si. a paritli iii, CharlePton 
 diflria, S. Carolina. 
 
 Bartlelnneii-} 
 
AR 
 
 B A T 
 
 - Barfholofneru, CapCy St. is the fouthern- 
 mofl point of Staten Land, in Le Maire 
 rtraits, at the S end of S. America ; and 
 far furpafles Terra del Fuego in its hor- 
 rible appearance. 
 
 Bartholomeiu, St. one of the clufter of 
 iflands, called Nezv Hebrides, which fee. 
 
 Bartholomeiv, St. one of the Carribbee 
 ^flands, in the W. Indies, a5 miles N of 
 .St. Chriftopher's, and 30 N E of Saba. It 
 is reckoned 5 leagues in circumference, 
 but has little ground fit for manuring. It 
 produces cotton of a good quality, and 
 fome tobacco and cafTava. It carries on 
 a great trade, in the diftribution through 
 the W. Indies of Swedifli naval ftores, 
 and provilions, received from the United 
 States. It abounds with woods. The 
 trees moll: in efleem are, i. The foap tree, 
 or aloes tree. 2. The caleback. 3. The 
 canapia, whofe gum is an excellent cathar- 
 tic. 4. The parotane, whofe boughs 
 grow downward, take root again, and 
 form a kind of bulkwark and flrong de- 
 fence in time of attack. All along the 
 fliore are thoie trees called fea trees, 
 whofe boughs are curioufly plaited to- 
 gether, and look as if they were glazed. 
 Here is an infinite variety of birds, and a 
 peculiar kind of hnieflone, which the 
 inhabitants export to the adjacent illands. 
 They have likewife plenty of lignum vitce 
 and iron wood. Its fliores are dangerous, 
 and the approaching them requires a good 
 pilot ; but it has an excellent harbour, in 
 which fliips of any fize are flieltered 
 from all winds. Half its inhabitants are 
 Irifh Roman Catholics, whofe predecef- 
 fors fettled here in 1666; the others are 
 French, to whom the ifland lately belong- 
 ed. It was ceded by France to the crown 
 of Sweden in 1785. They depend on the 
 ikies for water, which they keep in cif- 
 terns, there being no fprings in the iliand. 
 It was a nefl: for privateers when in the 
 hands of the French ; and at one time 
 had 50 Britifli prizes in its harbour. It 
 has been increafmg in improvements ever 
 fmce it came into the liandsof the Sv/edes, 
 During the late war betVv'ecn France and 
 England, it had a great acceilion of ixi- 
 habitaints, of different nations, from the 
 other iflandr,, who have transferred their 
 property here, built handfome houfcs, 
 and extended the commerce of the ifland. 
 N lat. 17 56, W Ion. 63 10. 
 
 Bartlct, A plantation in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, having 548 inhabitants. 
 
 Barton, a townlliip in Orleans co. Ver- 
 mont, formerly in that of Orange, ligs S 
 ;|roL, I. E 
 
 I W of Brownington ; 6 miles S W by VS 
 j from Willoughby Lake, and 140 N eafl- 
 j erly from Bennington. 
 
 . Barton, a townfliip in Upper Canada, 
 I Lincoln co. W of Saitfleet, on Burlington 
 I Bay. 
 
 Bafin of Minas, is a body of water of 
 coniiderable extent, and irregular form, 
 fituated in Nova Scotia, at the E end of 
 the Bay of Fiindy; and connected with 
 its N E branch by a lliort and narrow 
 ftrait. The country on its banks is gen- 
 erally a rich foil, and is watered by many 
 fmall rivers. The fpring tides rife here 
 40 feet. 
 
 Bajkenridgc, a poft town in Somerfet co. 
 N. Jerfey, on the W fide of a N W branch 
 of PafTaic R. nearly 6 miles N E froiti 
 Pluckemin, and 7 S S W from Morrif- 
 town. It was here that Col. Harcourt 
 furprifed and made a prifoner cf Gen. 
 Lee, Dec. 13, 1776. 
 
 Bafon Harbour, lies on the E fide of 
 Lake Champlain, in the townfliip of Fer- 
 rifburgh, Vermont, /\.\ miles S wefterly 
 from the mouth of Otter Creek. A poft 
 office is kept here, 524 miles from Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 Bajfe Terre, the chief town in the ifland 
 of St. Chriflopher's, in the W. Itidies, fitu- 
 ated at the S E end of the I. It confifis 
 of a long ilreet along the fea fliore ; is a 
 place of confiderable trade, the feat of 
 governm^ent, and is defended by 3 bat- 
 teries. N lat. 17 24, Wlon. 62 -^d 56. This 
 is alio the name of a part of the I. of Gua- 
 daloupe, in the W. Indies ; between a 
 point of which called Groffe Morne, to 
 that of Antigua in the Grande Terre, the 
 bafon called the Great Cul de Sac, is 5 or 
 6 leagues in length ; wherein is fafe riding 
 for fliips of aU rates. 
 
 Bass Harbour, Maine, a harbour of Mt- 
 Defert Ifland, 7 miles from Soil Cove. 
 
 Bajiimentos, fmall iflands, near the Ifth- 
 mus of Darien, and fomev/hat W of the 
 Samballoes iflands, at the mouth of the 
 bay of Nombre de Dios, very near the 
 fliore. Here admiral Hofier lay with a 
 Eritifli fquadron many years ago, when 
 having loft many of his men, and his fliips 
 being almoft rotten, in an inactive ftate, 
 he died cf a broken heart. N lat. 9 30, W 
 Ion. 79 45. 
 
 Batabano, a tcwn on the S fide of the 
 ifland of Cuba, in the W. Indies ; fituated 
 on the fide of a large bay, oppofite Pinos 
 ifles, and about 50 miles S W from the 
 Havannah. 
 
 Batavia^ a fettlemect in N. York, at the 
 
 head 
 
BAT 
 
 BAY 
 
 head of Schoharie Creek, Irl the townfliip 
 of Freehold, between 20 and 30 miles W 
 of Catfkill. A poft oihcc is kept here. 
 
 Bath, a poft town in Lincoln co. Maine, 
 containing 111$ inhabitants. It lies on 
 the W lide of Kennebeck R. about 13 
 miles from Wifcaflet, 60 N E from Port- 
 land, 28 from Hallowell. N lat. 43 49. 
 
 Bath, a CO. of Virginia, about 60 miles 
 in length, and 50 in breadth ; bounded 
 £ by the co. of Augufta. It contains 
 4847 free inhabitants, and 661 Haves. It is 
 noted for its medicinal fprings, called the 
 Hot and Warm fprings, near the foot of 
 Jacklbn's Mountain. See Virghua. Here 
 is a poll ofhce 227 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Bath, a thrivii-ig town in Berkley co. 
 Virginia, fituated at the foot of the Warm 
 Spring Mountain. The fprings in the 
 neighbourhood of this town, although lefs 
 efficacious than the Warm Springs in Bath 
 CO. draw up'vvards of 1000 people here, 
 during fummer, from various parts of 
 the United States. The water is little 
 more than milk warm, and weakly im- 
 pregnated with minerals. The country 
 in the environs is agreeably diveriified 
 with liills and valleys ; the foil rich, and 
 in good cultivation ; 25 miles from Mar- 
 tinflSurg, and 269 miles S W from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Bath, a pofl town in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, has 825 inhabitants, on the E 
 bank of Connecticut R. ■^$ miles N E by 
 Nfrom Dartmouth College, and 97 N W 
 from Portfmouth. 
 
 Bath, or Port Baihy a pofl town in Hyde 
 CO. N Carolina, on the N fide of Tar R. 
 about 24 miles from Pamphco Sound, 61 S 
 by WofEdenton,and is the port of entry 
 on Tar R. It contains about 12 houfes, 
 and is rather declining. N lat. ;iS 31, W 
 Ion. 77 15. 
 
 Bath, a village in the eaftern parifli of 
 St. Thomas, in the I. of Jamaica, in the W. 
 Indies. It has its rife and name from a 
 famous hot fpring in its vicinity, laid to be 
 highly efficacious in curing the dry belly- 
 ache. The water is fulphureous, and 
 flows out of a rocky mountain about a 
 mile diftant, and is too hot to admit a hand 
 being held in it. 
 
 Bath, a. village in the co. of RenfTalaer, 
 N. York, pleafantly fituated on the eafl 
 bank of Hudfon river, nearly oppofite the 
 city of Albany, at the head of Hoop navi- 
 gation. A mineral fpring has been difcov- 
 eredhere,faidto poflefs valuable qualities ; 
 and a commodious bathing houfe has been 
 
 creeled, at a confiderable expenfc; coa- 
 taining hot, cold, and fliower baths. 
 
 Bath, a thriving poft town in N. York, 
 Steuben co.and has 453 Inhabitants,on the 
 N bank of ConhocSlon Creek, a northern 
 headwater of Tioga R. 42 miles S E from 
 WiUiamfburg, on Genefle R, 18 N W 
 from the Painted Poft ; 120 from Niagara; 
 59 weflerly from Geneva, and 221 Wo!' 
 Hudfon city. N lat. 42 15, W Ion. 77 10. 
 
 Batten Kill, a fmall river which rifes in 
 Vermont, and after running N and N weft- 
 erly about 30 miles, falls into Hudfon, op- 
 pofite Saratoga. 
 
 Buttle R. in New South Wales, runs N E 
 into SafkahawenR. S E from Manchefter 
 Houfe. Its courfe Is fhort. 
 
 Battldoivn a pofl town in Frederick co» 
 Virginia, 79 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Baxos De Bahuca. See Abrojos. 
 
 Bay of Frejb Water, in the N part of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, lies S. of Afcenfion Bay. 
 N lat. 30, W Ion. 93. 
 
 Bayamo, a town in the eaftern part of 
 the liland of Cuba, having the town of 
 Almo W, and St. Barbara on the S. It lies 
 on the E fide of Eftero R. about 20 miles 
 from the fea. 
 
 Bayamo Channel del, in the ifland of Cuba, 
 runs between the numerous fmall iflands 
 and rocks called Jardin de la Reyna, on 
 the N W, and the flaoals and rocks 
 which line the coaft on the S E fide of it, 
 from the bold point called Cabo de Cruz- 
 This channel leads to tJie bay of Eftero, 
 which receives two rivers ; the fouthern- 
 moft of whichleads to the town of Bayamo. 
 
 Bay ofPt/nc/y,-wa.{hes the fliores of the 
 Britifli provinces of New Brunfv/ick on 
 the N, and Nova Scotia on the E and S. 
 This bay is 12 leagues acrofs, from the Gut 
 of Annapolis to St. John V The tides are 
 very rapid in this, bay, and rife at Annap- 
 olis Bafin about 30 feet ; at the Bafin of 
 Minas, which may be termed the N arm 
 of this bay, 40 feet ; and at the head of 
 Chigne<£to Channel, an arm of this bay, 
 the fpring tides rife 60 feet. 
 
 Bay de Roche Fcnde, or Northivcjl Bay, lies 
 on the W fide of Lake Champlain, la 
 miles N of Crown Point. 
 
 Bay of Jflands, lies on the W fide of 
 Newfoundland I. in the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence. This bay is very extenfive, hav- 
 ing 3 arms, by which feveral rivers empty 
 into it. It has feveral Iflands ; the chief 
 of which are called Harbour, Pearl, and 
 Tweed. The centre of the bay lies in 
 about 49 5 N lat. and j8 15 W Ion. from 
 GreenwicK 
 
BEA 
 
 BEA 
 
 Bay of St. Louis, on the Labrador coafl, 
 has Cape St. Louis on the N, and Cape 
 Charles on the S. It has many fmall 
 iflands ; the largefl: of which is Battle I. in 
 the mouth of the bay. The middle of the 
 bay hes in N lat. 5 a 23, W Ion. <;s 2.3. 
 
 Baynct, a town and bay on the S fide of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, 4^ leagues from 
 Petit Goave, on the N fide of the ifland. 
 It is about 8 leagues W of Jackmel. N 
 lat. 1817. 
 
 Beach Forky a branch of Salt R. which 
 rifes in Nelfon co. Kentucky. A fine clay 
 is found on this river, which might, it is 
 thought, be manufa(5lured into good por- 
 celain. 
 
 Btal/hiirg, a fmall town in Nelfon co. 
 Kentucky, on the E bank of Rolling Fork, 
 which contains 20 houfes, as alfo a tobac- 
 co warehoufe. It is 15 miles W S W of 
 Bairdftown, 50 S W of Frankfort. N lat. 
 37 42, W Ion. 85 50. 
 
 - Bear Creek, in TennelTee, rifcs among 
 the head waters of Tombigby, runs north- 
 eily 45 miles, and empties into the Ten- 
 neifee in lat. 34 46. 12 miles below the 
 Chickefaw fhoals ; it is afcended by boats 
 25 miles. See Occochappo. 
 
 Bedrdjioivn. See Bairdjloivn. 
 
 Bear Cove, lies on the E fide of the S 
 eaftern corner of Newfoundland I. at the 
 head of which is the fettlement of Formofe, 
 which fee. Rcneau's rocks lie between 
 Bear Cove and Frefli water Bay on the 
 S, 32 miles northerly from Cape Race. 
 
 Bear Grafs Creek, a fmall creek on the 
 eaftern fide of Ohio R. a few hundred 
 yards N of the town of Louifville, in Ken- 
 tucky. This is the fpot where the intend- 
 ed canal is propofed to be cut to the up- 
 per fide of the Rapids. From the mouth 
 of the creekjto the upper fide of therapids, 
 is not quite 2 miles. This would render 
 the navigation of the Ohio fafe and eafy. 
 The country on the fides of this creek, be- 
 tween Salt R. and Kentucky R. is beau- 
 tiful and rich. See Rapids of the Ohio. 
 
 Bear Lake, Great, in the N W part of 
 N. America, lies near the Arctic Circle, 
 and fends a river a W S W courfe. 
 
 Bear Lake, Black, in New South Wales, 
 lies in N lat. szh W Ion. 107^. It lies N 
 W from Cumberland Houfe. 
 
 Bear Lake,JVhite,\iesdL\xe'W ivom. another 
 fmall lake called Bear Lake, both in Nlat. 
 48 15, and the W Ion. of the former is 98-^-. 
 Thefe are faid to give rife to MifTifippi R. 
 
 Bear Town, in Caroline coi Maryland, 
 lies about 7 miles N from Greenfburg, 
 and about 15 S E from Cheftertowa.. 
 
 Beaufort, a CO. of Newbcrn diftrid, K. 
 Carolina. It is bounded N by Tyrrel, E 
 by Hyde, S by Craven, W by Glalcow. It 
 contains 5541 inhabitants, of whom 1674 
 are flaves. Chief town Wafliingion. 
 
 Beatfori, a fcaport tov;n in Carteret co. 
 on the N E fide of Core Sound, and dif- 
 tri(fl of Newbern, N. Carolina. It con- 
 tains 43 7 inhabitants, a court houfe and 
 gaol, and the co. courts are held here ; S5 
 miles S by E of Newbern, and about 27 
 from Cape Lookout. N lat. 3447. 
 
 Beavfort, the chief town of Beaufort dif^- 
 tridt, 8. Carolina, is fituated on the ifiand 
 of Port Royal, at the mouth of Coofa- 
 whatchie R. It is a little pleafant town, 
 of 1 or 2CO houfes, an Epifcopal and Bap-y 
 tift church, 4 fchool houfes, and 700 in- 
 habitants, who are diftinguiHied for tlicir 
 hofpitality and politenefs. It has a fine 
 harbour, and bids fair to become a con- 
 fiderable town. It was formerly a flation 
 for the Britifli fquadron. Beaufort is 26 
 miles from Purifourg, and 73fromCharlef- 
 ton, to the S W, noted for its healthy fit- 
 uation. N lat. 32 26, W Ion. 80 f,$. 
 
 Beaufort DifriSi, in the Icwcr country 
 of S. Carolina, lies on the fea coaft, be- 
 tween Combahee and Savannah rivers. 
 It is 69 miles in length, and 37 in breadth, 
 and is divided into 4 pari flies, viz. St. 
 Helena, St. Luke, Prince William, and St. 
 Peter, which contain 20,428 inhabitants ; 
 of whom only 4397 are whites. Human- 
 ity trembles at the inevitable confcquen- 
 ces. The northern part of this diftrici 
 abounds with large forcfts of cyprefs ; the 
 lands, however, are fit for raifing rice, 
 indigo, &c. It fends 12 reprefentatives 
 and 4 fenators to the flate legiflature ; 
 each parifli fending an equal number. 
 Amount of taxes ;(^3,022-2-ii Iter. 
 
 Beaver, a CO. in Pennfylvania, containing 
 5776 inhabitants. 
 
 Beaver Creek, runs into Lake Erie, at it* 
 E end ; about 7 miles S E from Fort Erie. 
 
 Beaver Creek, Big, falls into the Allegha- 
 ny river, after receiving feveral branches 
 from the N E about 28 miles N W from 
 Pittfburg. 
 
 Beaver Dam,3. townfliipin Northumber- 
 land co.in Pennfylvania, W of Sufquehan- 
 nahR. about 50 miles NWofHarrifburgh. 
 
 Becver, a co^ of Pennfylvania, bounded 
 N by Butler and S by Wafliington. It is 
 watered by the Alleghany river and Bea- 
 ver Creek, and contains 330,640 acres, 6 
 town(hips, and 5776 inhabitants. 
 
 Beaverto-wn, a poft town, capital of the 
 above CO. 248 miles from Walliingtcn. 
 
 Beavey 
 
BED 
 
 BEH 
 
 Beave)' Kill, is a S E arm of the Fopach- 
 ton Branch of the Delaware. 
 
 Beaver Lake, in New South Wales, lies 
 in about 52 45 N lat. and loi 30 W Ion. 
 A little ISI E from it is the fource of Chur- 
 chill R. S Efrom it is Cumberland Houfe, 
 on Grafs R which has communication by- 
 lakes With Nelfon R. S W of it i^ Safkaf- 
 hawen R. on which, towards its head, are 
 a number of houfes belonging to the Hud- 
 fon*s Bay Company. 
 
 Bea'uers Totvn, at Tujhara'zvasy lies be- 
 tween Margaret's Creek, an upper N W 
 branch of Mufkingum R.and the Nbranch 
 of that river ; at the head of which N 
 branch there ia only a mile's portage to 
 Cavahoga R. ' Beavers Town lies about 
 S5 'miles N"W from Pittfhurg. A little 
 below this a fort was eredled in 1764. 
 ■- 'Bftief; a tOwnfhip in Berkfhire co. Maf- 
 fachufetts, cdiitainihg 930 inhabitants. It 
 IS lo'iiirreri? of Stockbndge, 17 from 
 JLenoXj^and 130 W from Bofton. 
 • Bsdc Point, is the eaflern cape at the 
 inouth of Cook'5 R. on the N W coaft of 
 N. America; " 
 
 Bedford, a townfliip in Hillfborough co. 
 N. Hamipfhire, en the W bank of Merri- 
 mack R. 56 miles W of Portfmouth, 34 S 
 of Concord. 
 
 Bedford, a townfliip in Middlefex co. 
 MuffachnfettSjContaining 5 3 8 inhabitants ; 
 1 6' miles N W of Bofton. 
 
 Bedford, Netv, is a flourifhihg town in 
 BriiTol CO. MafTachufetts, 58 miles fouth- 
 \yard of Bofton. It lies at the head of 
 navigation on Acculhnet R. Lat. 40 41, 
 N, Ion. 70 fz W, from Greenwich, • and 
 has 4361 inhabitants. 
 
 Bedford, a port town in W. Chefter co. 
 N. York, containing 12404 inhabitants. It 
 lies contiguous to Connedlicut, ra miles N 
 of Stamford, and 35 N E of the city of 
 N. York. Here Governor Jay refides. 
 
 Bedford Co. in Pen nfy Ivan ia, lies on Ju- 
 niatta R. has part of theftateof Mary- 
 land on the S, and Himtingdon co. N and 
 N F. It contains 12,039 inhabitants, and 
 is divided into li townfliips. Its princi- 
 pal m.ountains are Wills, Evits, Warrior's, 
 and Dunnjng's. The chief waters are 
 Bayftow^n, Willa and Licking creek. The 
 vallies are rich, extenfive and well culti- 
 vated. Limeftone and iron ore abound i 
 in many places. 
 
 Bedford, a poft towH in the above co. 
 lies on the S fide of the Rayftown branch 
 of the Juniatta, 25 miles eaftward of 
 Berhn, and 210 W of Philadelphia. It is 
 regularly laid out ; water is conveyed in 
 
 wooden pipes to a refervoir in the mijj- 
 dle of the town. They have a ftone 
 gaol; the market houfe, court houfe; and 
 record oflice, are built of brick. Bedford 
 was incorporated in 1795, and their char- 
 ter is fimilar to that of Chefter. N lat. 
 4O; W Ion. 78 50. 
 
 Bedford Co. m. Virginia, is Separated from, 
 that of Amherft on the N by James R. has 
 Campbell E, Botetourt W,arid Franklin co. 
 S.It is 34 mileslong, 25 broadband contains 
 10,028 free inhabitants, and 4097 ilaves. 
 It has a good foil and is agreeably diverfi-v 
 lied with hills and vallies. In fome parts- 
 chalk and gypfum have been difcovered. 
 Chief town Liberty. 
 
 Bedford, a village on the Georgia fide of 
 Savanna river, 4 miles above Augufta. 
 
 Bedtninfer, a town in Somerfet CO. N; 
 Jerfey, about 20 miles N W of New 
 Brunfwlck, and the fame diftance S W of 
 Morriftown. 
 
 Beef If and, one of the fraaller Virgin ifl- 
 ands, in the W. Indies, lituated between 
 Dog I, on the W and Tortula on the E; 
 It is about 5 miles long and i broad, in 
 Sir Francis Drake's Bay. N lat. 18 23, 
 W Ion. ()'^ 2. 
 
 Beekman, a confiderable townfliip in 
 Duchefs CO. N. York, E of Poughkeepfie. 
 
 Behrirgs Bay, on the N W coaft of 
 America, S of Admiralty Bay. 
 
 Behrwgs Straits, feparate Alia from 
 America, and are fo called from the Ruf- 
 fian navigator, Capt. Behring, who, with 
 IdiirikGw, failed from Kamptfchatka, in 
 Siberia, on the Afiatic coaft, in queft of 
 the New World, in a quarter v/here it 
 had, perhaps, never been approached. 
 They both difcovered land within a few 
 degrees of the N W coaft of America. 
 But the more recent difcoveries of Capt. 
 Cook, and his fucceiTor, Clarke, have con- 
 firmed the near approximation of th« 
 two continents. Cape Prince of Wales 
 is the moft wefterly poiiit of the Ameri- 
 can continent, hitherto known. It is fit- 
 uated in N lat. 65 46, E Ion. 191 45, and 
 is 39 miles diftant from the eaftern coaft 
 of Afia. The fea, from the S of Behring'* 
 Straits, to the crcfcent of ifles between 
 Afia and America, is very fhallow. It 
 deepens from thefe ftraits (as the Britlfli 
 fcas do from Dover) till foundings are 
 loft in the Pacific Ocean ; but that does 
 not take place but to the S of the iflcs. 
 Between them and the ftraits is an in- 
 creafe from 12 to 54 fathoms, except on^ 
 ly oft" St. Thaddeus Nofs, where there ia 
 a channel of greater depth. From the 
 volcaiuc 
 
B E L 
 
 BEN 
 
 Tolcantd difpdfition, it has been judged 
 probable, not only that there was -i repa- 
 ration of the continents at thcfe ftraits, 
 but that the whole fpace from the ifles to 
 that fmall opening had once been dry 
 land ; and that the fury of the watery 
 clement, adluated by that of fire, had, in 
 very remote times, fubverted and over- 
 whelmed the tradt, and left the iflands to 
 ferve as monumental fragments. The fa- 
 m^ous Japanefe map places feme i Hands 
 fccmingiy within thefe ftraits,on whichis 
 beftowed the title of Ta Zue,ox the kingdom 
 cf the dwarfs. This gives fome reafon to 
 fnppoie that America was not unknown to 
 the Japanefe ; and that they had, as is 
 mentioned by Kasmpfer, and Charlevoix, 
 mad-e voyages of difcovery ; and, accord- 
 ing to the lafl:, adlually wintered upon 
 the continent, where probably meeting 
 with the Efquimanx, they might, in con>- 
 parifon of themfelves, and iufUy, diftin- 
 guifli them by the nanie of dwarfs. 
 
 Beiia, or Beeoiiya, or Boqiiio, a fmall 
 Britifli ifland among the Granadiilas ; SS 
 miles N E of Granada, and 65 leagues 
 from Barbadoes. It was called I.itlle 
 Martinico by the French, and has a fafc 
 harbour from all winds ; but no frefh v.*a- 
 ter. It is only frequented by thofe who 
 catch turtle. The foil produces wild 
 cotton, and plenty of water melons. 
 
 jBelair. See Bellaire. 
 
 Belcher, a poft town in Ham.pflilre co. 
 Maflachufetts, containing 1878 inhabit- 
 ants ; 13 miles E of Hadley,and 8j Wof 
 Bofton. 
 
 Belezi a city of New Grenada, Terra 
 Firma, S. America. 
 
 Belfafl, a poft town and bay in Hancock 
 CO. Maine, both iituated in what is called 
 the Waldo Patent, at the mouth of Penob- 
 fcot R. and on its weftern fide ; 38 miles 
 N Eby E from Hallowell, and 728 from 
 Wafliington. The Bay, on the N weftern 
 part of which the town ftands, runs up 
 into the land by 3 fliort arms, iftef- 
 borough I. lies in the middle of if and 
 forms two channels leading to the mouth 
 of Penobfcot R. 
 
 Belfont, a poft town in Centre co. Penn- 
 I'ylvania, 259 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Belgrade, a townftiip in Kennebec co. 
 Maine, 12 miies N W of Hallowell. It 
 has 295 inhabitants. 
 
 Belha-vcn, the former name of Alexan- 
 dria, in Virginia. 
 
 Bell JJle, an ifland on the E fide of the 
 northern part of Newfoundland I. E of 
 Canada head ; between 50 42 and J050, 
 
 N lat. nnd between W Ion. S5 39 and $$ 
 46. 
 
 Bellaier, or Belair, a poft town Har- 
 ford CO. Maryland, and the chief of the 
 county. It contains a court hou fc, gaol, 
 andMethodift meeting houfe, and is thin- 
 ly inhabited ; 6 miles N W of Harford ; 
 22 N E from Baltimore, 86 W S W from' 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Belle Dune, La, or Handfomc doivn, a long, 
 projetlling, barren point, on the foutheni 
 fide of Clialeur Bay, about 8 leagues NN 
 W of Nipifighit, where temporary cod 
 and herring fifl-ieries are carried on by 
 diflerent people; there being no eftab- 
 liilied tradei at the place. 
 
 Belle IJle, an ifland at the mouth of the 
 ftraitsofthis name, between the country 
 of the Efquimaux, or New Britain, and 
 the N end of Newfoundland I. which 
 ftraits lead into the gulf of St. LaM'rence 
 from the N E. The ifland is about 7 
 leagues in circumference ; and lies 16 
 miles from the neareft land on the coaft 
 of I^abrador, or New Britain. On the 
 N W fide it has a harbour for fi filing vef- 
 feis,or fmall craft ; and on the E point it 
 has a cove which will admit fliallops. Lat. 
 51 55 N, Ion. 55 30 W. 
 
 Bellgrove, in Bergen co. N. Jcrfey, on 
 the road to Albany, 3 miles northerly 
 from Brabant, and 24 N by W from N. 
 York city. 
 
 Bellinghamy a towh in Norfolk co. MafTa-. 
 chufetts, containing 704 inhabitants ; 20 
 miles northerly from Providence, and 34 
 S W from Bofton. 
 
 Bells Mill, a fettlement in N. Carolina, 
 near the Moravian fettlements, about jo 
 miles Wof Hillfoorough. 
 
 Belpre, a poft town on the N W bank of 
 Ohio R. between the Hockhocking and 
 Mufkingum Rs. and oppofite the mouth 
 of the Little Kunhaway; about 14 miles 
 below Marietta. 
 
 Belk'!lle,-A poft town inMifRin co.Fenn- 
 fylvania, 190 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Bel-videre, a townftiip in Frankjirf^cB. 
 Vermont. Alfo a poft town in N. [erfey, 
 Suftcx CO. on Delaware R. at the mouth 
 of Pequeft R. and 11 miles above Eafton. 
 
 Benediil, a poft town in Charles co. Ma- 
 ryland, on Patuxent R. oppofite Mackall's 
 Ferry ; W from Port lobacco 16 iriiles, 
 47 E from Wafliington. 
 
 Bennhigion, a county in the S W corner 
 of Vermont, divided into 16 townfliips, 
 of which Bennington and Manchefterare 
 the chief. It has 14,616 inhabitants, all 
 fKC T^ic mountains here furnifti iron 
 
 pre 
 
BER. 
 
 BER 
 
 •re in abundance, and employ already, a 
 furnace and two forges. 
 
 Bennington, a pleafant pnfl: town and 
 capital of the above co. and the largeft in 
 the flate, having about 150 houfcs,inand 
 near the compact part of the town ; 34 
 miles N E from Albany ; 55 miles S from 
 Rutland ; and 300 from Philadelphia. N 
 lat. 42 42, W Ion. 74 10. Bennington has 
 feveral handfome buildings. Its public 
 edifices are a congregational church go- 
 ing to decay, a ftate houfe and gaol. It 
 is the oldeft town in the ftate, having 
 been firfl: fettled in 1 764, and is liouriib- 
 ing, containing 2283 Inhabitants. Mount 
 Anthony rifes very high, in a conical 
 form, in the fouthern part of the town. 
 The houfes are on a rich tract of land ex- 
 tending from the foot of this mountain 
 northward. On the E fide of this moun- 
 tain is a remarkable cavern confifting of 
 feveral apartments from 5 to 50 feet in 
 height, the whole extending about 45 
 yards horizontally. Two famous battles 
 "were fought 4or5 miles W of this town 
 in one day, Aug. 16, 1777, in which Gen. 
 Stark gained great fame for his cool val- 
 our. The Britifli loft 4 brafs field pieces, 
 and other military ftores ; and befidc 
 thofe ftain, 700 were taken prifoners. 
 The killed and wounded of the Americans 
 •were about 100 men. This defeat con- 
 tributed, in a great meafure, to thcfubfe- 
 quent furrender of Gen. Burgoyne's army. 
 B<-nfon, a poft town in Rutland co. Ver- 
 mont, on the E fide of Lake Champlain ; 
 57 miles N N W of Bennington. It has 
 1159 inhabitants. 
 
 Bent Crcei, a poft town In Buckingham 
 CO. Virginia, 243 miles from Wafhington. 
 Bfrabzan, is a long lake in New North 
 "SValcSjWhich with the waters of Shechary 
 3L.ake, form Seal R. which empties into 
 Hudfon's Bay at Churchill Fort. The N 
 end of Berabzan, is in about 60 30 N lat,. 
 and in 93 50 W Ion. 
 
 Berbice, a Putch fettlemcut on a river 
 of tt»e fame name, in Surinam ,\\Y\c)x fee 
 
 Berbice, or Berbeu^ a river in Surinam, 
 or Dutch Guiana, in S. America, which is 
 a quarter of a mile broad, and two fath- 
 oms deep Ht its mouth, in N lat. 6 30. 
 The land on both fides is low and woody, 
 has plenty of logwood and cotton. 
 
 Btrgen Co. in N- Jerfev, on the W bank 
 of Hudfon R. oppofitc N. York, and was 
 firft planted by the Dutch, from that city. 
 It contains 6 townfliips, of which the 
 chief are Bergen and Hackenfack, and 
 :^3,i56 inhabitants. Here are 7 Dutch 
 
 Calvinift churches, and 2 of Dutch Lu* 
 therans. There is a copper mine in this 
 CO. which, when worked by the Schuyler 
 family, (to whom it belonged) was con- 
 fidcrably producflive ; but it has been neg- 
 ledled for many years. It is a mountain- 
 ous, rough, and billy county, 30 miles 
 long, and 25 broad. It forms part of 
 the E and northern end of the ftate ; and 
 its N W extremity m^eets the N E part of 
 SulTex CO. io that thcfe two counties em- 
 bofom Morris and EfTex counties, except 
 on the S W, and extend from Hudfon to 
 Delaware river along the whole northern 
 line of the ftate. 
 
 Bergen, the faire town of the above co. 
 is furrounded by v.ater, except on the N ; 
 the river Jiudibn feparates it from New 
 York city, 3 miles diftant ; on the S a 
 narrow channel lits between it and Staten 
 I. and on the W it has Hackenfack R. 
 The inhabitants are moftly defcendants 
 from the Dutch fettltrs, 
 
 Bergen Neck, is the Ibutheru extremity 
 of the above townfliip. 
 
 Berkhenijlead. See Barkhemjiead. 
 Berkley, a townfliip in Briftol co. Maffa- 
 chufctts, containing 1013 inhabitants ; 40 
 miles fouthward of Bofton. 
 
 Berkley, the name both of a county and: 
 town, in Charlefton Diftrid:, S. Carolina, 
 near Cooper and Aftiley Rivers. 
 
 Berkley Co. in Virginia, lies W of the 
 Blue Pvidge, N of Frederic co. and fepar- 
 ated from the ftate of Maryland, on the 
 N and E by Patov/mac R. This fertile 
 county, about 40 miles long and 20 broad,, 
 has 14,894 free inhabitants, and 3679 
 (laves, Martinfijurg is irs chief town. A 
 poft office is kept at Berkley S/}rings,in this 
 CO. 104 miles fionr Wafliington. 
 
 Berkley's Sound, on the N W COaft of N. 
 America, lies on the eaftern fide of Quad- 
 ras Ifles. The land on its eaftern fide is 
 oppofite Cape Fhttery, and forms the N 
 fide of the Straits de Fuca. 
 
 Bgri's Co. in Pennfylvania, has North-^ 
 ampton co. on the N E ; Northumberland 
 on the N W ; part of Luzerne on the N ;- 
 Dauphin and Lancafter counties S W ;, 
 andChefter and Montgomery S E. It is- 
 watered by Schuylkill R. and is. ^^ miles 
 long, and near 29 broad, containing 
 1,030,400 acres. Here iron ore and coal 
 are found in plenty, Mhich fupply feveral 
 iron works. The northern parts are 
 rough and hilly v Berks contains 3^^,407 
 inhabitants. It has 29 townfliips, of which 
 Reading is the chief- It is well waterc4 
 by the Schuylkill and its branches. 
 
 Berljl^ir^ 
 
BEIt 
 
 bi:r 
 
 Berijhlre Co. MafTachufetts, is bounded 
 W by N. York ftate ; S by the ftate of 
 Connecticut ; E by Hamplhire co. and N 
 bv the ftate of Vermont. It runs the 
 whole extent of tlie ftate from N to S, and 
 is divided into 26 townfliips ; the chief of 
 which are Stockbridge, Lenox, Great Ear- 
 rington,Williamfl:own,and Pittsfield ; the 
 inhabitants 33,885. White and clouded 
 marble is found in feveral towns, in the 
 rough and hilly parts of this county. 
 
 Bcrkjhire, A towulhip, in Franklin co. 
 Vermont, between Millifque river and 
 Canada line. 
 
 Berlin, a neat and flourifhing pofl town 
 of Adams co. Fennfylvania, containing 
 about lOO houfes. It is regularly laid 
 out, on the S W fide of Conewago Creek, 
 13 miles wefterly of Yorktown, and 10 1 
 W of Philadelphia. N lat. 39 56. 
 
 Berlin^ A townfhip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, on the S fide of Onion R. oppofite 
 Montpelier. Berlin contains 684 inhab- 
 itants, and is about 30 miles N E of Mia- 
 dlebury. 
 
 Berlin, a poft town in Hartford co. Con- 
 neAicut, 10 miles S S W of Hartford, 24 
 N N E of New Haven. 
 
 Berlin, 3. townfhip in Worcefler co. 
 Mairachufetts,containingj 90 inhabitants; 
 34 miles W of Bollon, and 14 N E of 
 Worcefler. Hops have been cultivated 
 here lately, and promife to be a valuable 
 article of hulbandry. 
 
 Berlin, in Somerfet co. Fennfylvania, 
 lies on a branch of Stony Creek, a S wa- 
 ter of Conemaugh R. on the W fide of the 
 Alleghany Mountain ; 25 miles weflward 
 of Bedford; 23 NW of Fort Cumberland, 
 in Virginia, and 200 W of Philadelphia. 
 It has 300 inhabitants. N lat. 39 54. 
 
 Bermuda Hundred, or City Point, as it is 
 fometimes called, is a port of entry and 
 port town, in Chefierfield co. Virginia, fit- 
 uated on the point of the peninfula, form- 
 ed by the confluence of the Appamattox 
 with James R. 36 miles wefterly from 
 Williamfburg, 64 from Point Comfort, in 
 Chcfapeak Bay, and 315 S W by S from 
 Philadelphia. City Point, from which it 
 is named, lies on the fouthern bank of 
 James R. 4 miles S 3 W from this town. 
 The exports from this place, chiefly col- 
 ledled at Richmond, ao miles above it, 
 amounted in 1 794, to the value of 7 73,549 
 dollars. There are about 40 houfes here, 
 including fome warehoufes. It trades 
 chiefly with the W. Indies, and the diiTer- 
 ent f^ates. City Point, in James R. lies in 
 N lat. 3716, V/lon. 77 31^. See Richmond. 
 
 Bermuda IJlands. Thcfe received thi4 
 name from the difcoverer, John Bermu- 
 das, a Spaniard ; and were called Som- 
 mer's Ifles, from Sir George Sommcrs, 
 who was fiJpwrecked on their rocks iii 
 1609, in his pafTage to Virginia. 'J'he 
 number of this clufter, in the form of a 
 lliepherd's crook, has been computed to* 
 be about 400, diftant from the land's end 
 in England, 1500 leagues, from the Ma- 
 deiras 12C0, from Hifpaniola 400, and 
 200 from Cape Hatteras in Carolina, 
 I which laft is the ilearef^ land to them* 
 ! The iflands are walled with rocks ; and 
 I by reafon of thefe, together with ilioals, 
 1 are difficult to approach. The entrances 
 I into the harbours and channels are nar-* 
 i row as Avell as flioaly, and arc more dan- 
 I gerous by reafon of the flrong current 
 I which fets to the N E from the gulf of 
 I Florida. They contain from 12 to 13,000 
 acres of poor land, of which 9 parts ia 
 10 are either uncultivated, or refcrved in 
 woods, which confifl chiefly of cedar, for 
 the fupply of fhip-building. There are 
 about 200 acres laid out in cotton. Tlie 
 main ifland is about 16 miles long, and 
 from one to two in breadth. The parifh 
 of St. George's, is an I. to the eaftward of 
 the main land, in which fl.tnds the town 
 of St. George's, containing about 500 
 houfes. Contiguous to that is St. David's 
 I. which fupplies the town with provif- 
 ions. The air is healthy, and a continual 
 fpring prevails ; and moft of the produc- 
 tions of the W. Indies might be cultivated 
 here. The houfes are built of a foft 
 ftone, which is lawn like timber, but be- 
 ing waflied with lime, it becomes Jiard j 
 thclc (tones are greatly in requeft through- 
 out the W. Indies, for filtrating water. 
 The houfes are white as fnow ; which, 
 beheld from an eminence, contracted with 
 the grcennefs of the cedars, and paflure 
 ground, and the multitude of ifiands full 
 in view, realize what the poets have 
 feigned of the Elyfian Fields. Some ac- 
 ci)unts fay that thefe illands contain from 
 15 to 20,000 inhabitants; but Mr. Ed- 
 wards favs the number of white people 
 is 5462, of blacks 4919. Old writers ob- 
 ferve that there were 3000 Englifli in 
 thefe iflands, in 1623. 300 or 400 gof 
 annually to Turks I. to rake fait, which 
 is carried to America for provifions, or 
 fold, to fuch as may call for it there, for 
 cafli. The Bcrmudians are chiefly fea- 
 faring men, and the negroes are very 
 expert mariners. In the late war, there 
 were st one time between 15 and 20 ppi- 
 
 va:ecr» 
 
BER 
 
 iET 
 
 vsitecrs fitted out hence, which were man- 
 ned by negro flaves, who behaved irre- 
 proachably ; and I'uch is the ftate of 
 llavery here, and fo much are they at- 
 tached to theirmafters, that fuch as were 
 captured always returned when it was in 
 their power ; a fingular inftance of which 
 occurred in the ftate of Maflachufetts. 
 The Ihip Regulator, a privateer, was car- 
 ried into Bofton, and had 70 Haves on 
 board : 60 of them returned in a Hag of 
 truce, 9 returned by way of N. York ; one 
 only was miffing, who died. The gov- 
 ernment is condutSted under a governor, 
 named by the Britifli crown, a council, 
 and a general aflembly. There are 9 
 churches, of which 3 clergymen have the 
 ehaige ; and there is one Prefbyterian 
 church, hi the late European war, the 
 fiumeroiis cruifers from Bermudas, un- 
 warrantably captured numbers of Amer- 
 ican veflels, loaded with provifions or 
 naval (lores, bound for French, and other 
 ports,which were iniquitouHycondenined. 
 
 Bernaras Bay, lics on the N W fide of 
 the gulf of Mexico. The paiTage into it, 
 between feveral iflands, is called Pafco de 
 Cavallo. 
 
 Bernardjlovjti, in Somerfet CO. N. Jerfey. 
 ATo the name of a townfliip in Hamp- 
 fliire CO. Maffachufetts ; diftant no miles 
 weftward from Bofton. 
 
 Btrne, a townfliip in Albany co. New 
 York. By the ftate cenfus of 1796, it ap- 
 pears there are 447 of the inhabitants who 
 are electors. 
 
 Berry IJlands, a fmall clufter of ifles on 
 the N W poinc of the Great Bahama 
 Bank, in the channel of Providence. N 
 lat. 25 30, W Ion. 75 40. 
 
 Bertie, a maritime co, in N. Carolina, in 
 Edenton diftricSt, with the Roanoke its S 
 boundary, and Albemarle Sound on the 
 E. In it is fituatcd the ancient Indian 
 tower of Tufcarora. It contains 10,998 
 fouls, of which number 5387 are flaves. 
 
 Bertie, a cownfliip, in Lincoln co. U. 
 Canada, on the weft fide of Niagara river, 
 fouth of Willoughby, and open to L. Erie. 
 
 Berivick, or ALbotJloivn, a neat town in 
 York CO. Pcnnfylvania, at the head of 
 Conewago- Creek, 13 miles weft ward of 
 York, 26 £ S W of Harriiburgh, and 103 
 W bv S of Philadelphia. The town is 
 regularly laid out, and contains about ico 
 houfes,a German Lutheran, and a Calvin- 
 ilt church. N lat. 39 54. 
 
 Berivick, a poft town of Luzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania,234milesfrom Wafliington. 
 
 Suriuisk^or Ns-w-Berwick, a fmall town 
 
 of Northumberland co. Pcnnfylvania,- oti 
 the N weftern fide of the E branch of Suf- 
 quehannah R. oppofite Nefcopeck Falls, 
 and Nefcopeck Creek, 2)^\ miles N E from 
 Nqr^umberland and Sunbury, at the 
 juntftion of the E vvfith the W branch of 
 Sufquehannah, and 160 N W of Philadel- 
 phia. N lat. 41 3. The plan of the town 
 is regular, contains about 70 dwellings, a 
 German Lutheran and Calvinift church. 
 
 Berivick, a poft town in York co. Maine, 
 containing 3891 inhabitants. It has an 
 incorporated academy, and lies on the E 
 fide of Salmon Fall R. 7 miles N W of 
 York, and 86 E of N from Bofton. 
 
 Bethabara, the firft fettlement of the 
 Moravians in the lands of Wachovia, in 
 N. Carolina, begun in 1 753 ; 6 miles N of 
 Salem, and 183 W of Halifax, in"N lat. :i,G 
 9. k is fituated on the W fide of Grafty 
 Creek, which unites with the Gargales, 
 and feveral others, and falls into the Yad- 
 kin. It contains a church of the United 
 Brethren, and about 50 dweUing houfcs. 
 
 Bethany, or Bethan'ia, a Moravian fettle- 
 ment and poft town, in Stoke's co. N.Caro- 
 lina, begun in 1760; 9 miles N W of Salem, 
 4 N \V of Bethabara, and 380 S W by S 
 of Wafliington. It contains about 60 
 houfes, and a church, built on a regular 
 plan. See Wac'jcuia. 
 
 Bethel, a fmall Moravian fettlement oh 
 Swetara R. in Pcnnfylvania, iz miles from 
 Mt.Joy. A townfliip in Dauphin CO. 
 
 Bdbc!, a townfliip in Windfor co. Ver- 
 mont, containing 473 Inhabitants ; N N 
 W of, and bounded by Stockbridge, and 
 about 67 miles N N eafterly of Benning- 
 ton. It gives rife to a fmall branch of 
 White River. 
 
 Bdbel,-A townfliip in Delaware co. Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Bethel, a town in York co. Maine, lying 
 moftly on the S fide of Great Amcrefkog- 
 gen River, A fmall and narrow ftrip 
 however lies on the Nfide adjoining Rum- 
 ford, N eafterly. 
 
 BcthlebttK, a town in Albany Co. N. York, 
 very fruitful in paftures, and makes large 
 quantities of excellent butter. By the 
 ftate cenfus of 1796, 380 of the inhabit- 
 ants are eletflors. 
 
 Bethlehem, a townfliip in Berkfhire co. 
 Maffachufetts, having 488 inhabitants. 
 It lies about 10 miles S of E from Stock- 
 bridge, ID from Lenox, and 130 from 
 Bofton. It borders on Tyringhum and 
 and Loudon. 
 
 Bethlehem s a. townfliip in ITuntcrdon co. 
 N. Jerfey, lituattd at the head of the S 
 
 branch. 
 
BEU 
 
 BIC 
 
 t ranch of Rartton River. Turf Tor firing 
 h found here. 
 
 Btthlehem^ a townfliip in Litchfield go. 
 ConnctSlicut, joins Litchfield on the N; 
 and Woodbury on the S. 
 
 Bethlehem, a poft town in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, is a celebrated fettle- 
 ment of the Moravians, or United Breth- 
 r^«,of the Proteftant Epifcopal church, as 
 they term themfelves. It is fituated on 
 Lehigh R. a weftern branch of the Dela- 
 ware, 53 miles northerly from PhJiadcl- 
 phia, and 18 foutherly from the Wind 
 C^ip. , The town fiands partly on the 
 lower batiks cf the Manakes, a fine creek, 
 which affbrds trout and ether fi£h. The 
 Htuation is healthful and pleafant, and in 
 fummer is frequerited by gentry from 
 different parts. It has 800 inhabitants. 
 Beflde the iliectirig houfe, are 3 other 
 pubhc buildings, large and fpacious ; one 
 for the (ingle brethren, one for the fingle 
 lifters, and the otJicr for the widows. 
 The literary eftabliiumcnts, as well as the 
 religious regulations, here, deferve notice. 
 In a holife adjoining to the church, is a 
 fchool for females ; and lince 1787, a 
 boarding fchool for young ladies, who are 
 fent here from different parts, and are in- 
 /tru<£l:cd in rending and writing (in the 
 Englifli and German tongues) grammar, 
 arithmetic, geography, needle work, mu- 
 fic, &c. The minifter of the place has 
 the direcSlion of this as well as of the 
 boys' fchool, which is kept in a feparatc 
 houfe, where they are initiated in the 
 fundamental branches of literature. Thcfe 
 ichools, efpeclally that for the voung la- 
 dies, are defervedly in very high repute ; 
 and fcholars, more than can be accommo- 
 dated, are offered from all parts of the 
 United Stat'es. There is at the lower part 
 of the town a machine, of fimple conftruc- 
 tion,whichraifcs the water, from a fpring, 
 jnto a refcrvoir, to the height of 100 feet ; 
 whence it is conducted by pipes into the 
 feveral ftreets of the town. There is a 
 genteel tavern at the N end of the town, 
 the pi'ofit arifing from which, belongs to 
 the fociety. There is alfo a ftore, with a 
 general allortment of goods, an apothe- 
 cary's fliop, a large tanyard, a currier's, 
 and a dyer's fliop, a grifl: mill, a fulling 
 mill, an oil mill, and a faw mill, and on 
 the banks of the Lehigh, a brewery. N 
 lat. 40 37, Wlon. 75 14. 
 
 Bethlehem, a poft town, Southampton co. 
 Virginia, ai9 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Beuf, Re'vicre au, empties eaftwardly in- 
 to Miffifippi R. in N lat. 39 4; about 48 
 Vol. I. F 
 
 niiles, by the courfe of the river, above 
 the mouth of the Illinois, and 7 miles S 
 from Riviere Oahaha. 
 
 Beuf, Small Le. bee Le Bocrf. 
 
 Beverly, a port tov/n in Effex co. Mafia- 
 chufetts, containing 3881 inhabitants, is 
 fcparated from Salem by a handfome 
 bridge, and is about 15 miles E of N of 
 Bofton, and 21 S W of Nev/buryport. It 
 has four parifues. In the parillies next 
 the harbour, are a number of handfome 
 houfes, exhibiting the cheering rewards 
 of enterprlfc and indufiry, and the inhab- 
 itants are devoted to the filliery and other 
 branches of navigation. In the other 
 part of the town, which is chiefly agricul-* 
 tural, is a cotton manufacflory. The 
 bridge, mentioned before, is 1500 feet ia 
 length, eretStedin 1788, and connedls this 
 town with Salem, It has a draw for veffels. 
 
 Beverly, a townfliip in York co. U. Can- 
 ada, \V of Flamborough, oppofite Dundas 
 ftreet. 
 
 BiH's Ff^ry, in Charlotte co. Virginia, 
 v.'here a poll office is kept, 251 miles from 
 Wafliington; 
 
 Biddies,, a fettlement on a branch of 
 Licking R. in Bpurbon co. Kentucky ; 
 about 6 miles N W from Millers, on the 
 N E fide of the fame branch, and 3a miles 
 N N E from Lexington. 
 
 Biddtford,Vi port of entry and poft town. 
 
 in York co. Diftri(5l of Maine, on the 3 
 
 I W fide of Saco R. on the fea coaft, 14 
 
 j miles S \Y from Portland, 24 NE from 
 
 j York, and 105 from Bofton. It contain* 
 
 I 1296 inhabitants ; here the county 
 
 courts are held, as likewii'e at York. N 
 
 lat. 43 26. 
 
 B'uque IJland, or Bcriqutn, or Crabs Ifie, 
 one of the Virgin Ifles, 2 leagues from. 
 Porto Rico, 6 leagues long, and 2 broad. 
 The Englifli fettled here twice, and have 
 been driven away by the Spaniards, whofc 
 intereft it is to let it remain dcfolate. It 
 has a rich foil, and a good road on its S 
 fide. Lat. 18 2 N, Ion. 64 30 W. 
 
 Big Bene Creek, in Woodford co. Ken- 
 tucky, falls into the Ohio from the E, ia 
 about N lat. 39 17, W Ion. 85 54. It i$ 
 very fmall in fize, and has 3 branches ; 
 theN wefternmofi: interlocks with Bank 
 Lick Creek, which falls into Licking R. 
 It is only noticeable for the large bones, 
 and fait licks near it. 
 
 Big Bone Licks, The, lie OD ench fide of 
 the abovcmentioned creek, a little below 
 the junc£tion of the two caftern branches, 
 about 8 miles from the mouth of the creek. 
 Thefc^ as alfo the other fait fprings, in th^ 
 
 wcftera 
 
BIG 
 
 BI R 
 
 ■wcflern country, are called ZJch, beeaufe 
 the earth about them is furrowed up in a 
 moft curious manner, by the buffaloes and 
 deer which lick the earth, on account of 
 the faline particles with which it is im- 
 pregnated. A flrcam of brackiili water 
 runs through thefe licks, the foil of which 
 is a foft clay. The large bones found 
 here, and in feveral other places near fait 
 licks, and m low foft grounds, thought to 
 belong to *the mammoth, ftill puzzle the 
 mofi learned naturalills to determine to 
 v/hnt animal they have belonged. A thigh 
 bone found here by Gen. Parfons, meaf- 
 ured for iy /2i/7j inches in length. A tooth 
 of thi,5 animal is depofitcdlin Yale College. 
 Mr. JefFcrfon, who feems to have exam- 
 ined the /keleton of one of thefe animals 
 with curious attention, fays, that " The 
 bones befpeak an animal of Jive or fix 
 times the cubic volume of an elephant," 
 as M. BufFon has admitted. Of this animal 
 the natives have no tradition, but what is 
 fo fabulous, that no conjecflitre can be aid- 
 ed by it, except that the animal was car- 
 nivorous ; and this is the general opinion, 
 and was admitted by the late Dr. Hun- 
 ter, of I.,ondon, from an examination of 
 the tulks, &c. 
 
 Big EJJy Gro-oc, in LivingPton co. Ken- 
 5iicky. A pofl office is eftablillied here, 
 8li miles from Wailiington. 
 
 Btr Praires, in Randolph co. Indiana 
 Territory, where is a pofirofFice,933 miles 
 from Wafliington* 
 
 B'rg Hill Creel', runs W Into Kaikafklas 
 R. 25 miles below Beaver Creek, 17 above 
 Blind Creek, and 26 northerly from the 
 mouth of Kallcafkias. 
 
 Birgin Sivamp, See Santee River. 
 
 Big Rock, a large rock on the S E bank 
 of Au Vaze R, about 3 miles N E from 
 its mouth in the Miffifippi, and about 8 
 miles S E from Cape St. Antonio, on that 
 river. 
 
 Big Rock Branch, the N eaflern head 
 branch of Alleghany R. The branch 
 called Big Hole Town joins it, and forms 
 the Alleghany, 85 miles N E from, and 
 above, Venango Fort. 
 
 Big Salt Lick,Vi garrifon in the flate of 
 TenelTee, near the Salt Lick, on Cumber- 
 land R. 115 miles from Knoxville ; 80 
 from S. W. Point, on Clinch R. 32 from 
 Biedfoe Lick, and 68 from NaHiville. 
 
 Big Sa/t(Jy Rivfr,. or To/fervy, has its 
 fource near that of Cumberland R. and, 
 fcparating Virginia from Kentucky, emp- 
 ties into the Ohio, oppofite the French 
 Purchafe of Galiopclis, in about N lat. 
 
 38 30. Vancouver's and Harmat's forts 
 (land on this river. On irs banks are 
 feveral fait licks and fprings. Little Sandy^ 
 is a fliort,fmall river, which f?lls into the 
 Ohio, about 20 miks W of Big Sandy R. 
 in Mafon co* Kentucky. 
 
 Billerica, a poft town in Middlefexco. 
 Maffachufetts, incorporated in 1655. It 
 has 1383 inhabitants ; nor has there been 
 much variation in the number for half a 
 century. It lies, 20 miles northward of 
 Bofto!), and is watered by Concord and 
 Shawflieen rivers, which run N eallerly 
 into A-Ierrimack River. 
 
 Billingsport, o\\ Delaware River, lies la 
 miles below Philadelphia, v/as fortified in 
 the late war, for the defence of the chan- 
 nel. Oppofite this fort, feveral largf 
 frames of timber, headed with iron 
 fpikes, called chevaux de frizes, were funk 
 to prevent the Britilli iLips from paffing. 
 Since the peace, a curious ir.achinc has 
 been, invented in Philadelphia, to raife 
 them. 
 
 Billet. See Hathorough. 
 
 Billy mead ^ in Caledonia co. in Ver- 
 mont, 25 miles N of Barnet. 
 
 Bimini Ijle, one of the Bahama Iflands, 
 near the channel of Bahama, and E of 
 Cape Florida. It is about 8 miles in 
 length, and as much in breadth ; covered 
 with trees, and inhabited by the aborig- 
 ines of America. It is very difficult of 
 accefs, on account of the flioals ; but is a 
 pleafant place, and is faid to have a good 
 harbour. N lat. 25, W ion. 79 30. 
 
 Binhrooky a townfliip in Lincoln co, U, 
 Ganada, between Salt fleet, Glandford, 
 and Gaiftor. 
 
 Biobio, or Biophia, a rivcT in Chili, the 
 largefl in tliat kingdom. It rifes in the 
 Andes, enters the S. Sea near the city o*" 
 Conception, oppofite the iflc of Avequi- 
 rina, in lat. 37 S ; running through veins 
 of gold and fields of farfaparilla. It is 
 the boundary between the Spaniards and 
 feveral Indian nations, their enemies ; 
 which obliges them to keep ftrong garri- 
 fon"^ upon it. 
 
 Birch, a flrcam about 20 miles long, 
 which falls into the Penobfcot on its W 
 fide, in Townfliip No. 4, oppofite Orfon's 
 Ifland, about 3 miles above the Great 
 Falls, and nearly oppofite Sunkhare 
 River. 
 
 Bird /"or/, on Monongahela R. 40 miles 
 S of Fort Pitt. 
 
 Birds Keys, a rock or Ifland among the 
 Virgin ifles in the W. Indies. It is round. 
 and lies about a leagues S of St. Jolij^'s. It 
 
 hat. 
 
BL A 
 
 B L A 
 
 h^■^ its name from the quantities nf birds 
 which refort there. N lat. 17 SS* ^^ lo"- 
 63 ao. 
 
 JSiru,3i town 10 leagues from Truxilla, 
 in the S. Sea, in the empire of Peru ; in- 
 habited by about 80 Indians, Spaniards, '• 
 Mulattocs, and Mellees. It is very fer- 
 tile, and well watered by canals cut from 
 the river, and lb conveyed to great dif- 
 tances ; as at Truxrlla. S lat. 8 24* W 
 Ion. 6917. 
 
 B/fcay JS.iy, ifi in the N eaftcrn corner of 
 Trepaifey Bay in the ifland of Newfound- 
 land ; which lies in the S eaftern part of 
 the i Hand. 
 
 JSi/lav^ a province of Mexico, aboun<l- 
 jng in iilver inines, having N. Mexico on 
 the N, and Florida on the W. The river 
 de la Naffas runs through a great part 
 of rt. 
 
 Bljci Lick, lies in Weflmoreiand co. 
 Pennfyivania, about 36 miles E of Pittf- 
 burgh. 
 
 Black Point, and Blue Point, afe capes 
 within thofe of Elizabet'h and Porpoife, 
 in the Diftria of Maine. 
 
 Black R. There are two (mail rivers ij 
 -of this name in Vermont, one falls into j 
 Conncdlicut R. at Springfitl-d, the other li 
 runs N into Lake Memphrcmagog. j 
 
 Black R. in N. York, rifes near the 'j 
 northern branches of the Mohawk. Its jj 
 courfe is iirft S W, then N W within 30 
 miles of Fort Stauwix, where it receives I 
 Moofe River from the E. As they unite 
 they rufli over a precipice 63 feet per- 
 pendicular into a broad bafon, thence it 
 directs its courfe N N ¥/, a (till and wide 
 ftream, 42 miles, where it has an inconfid- 
 erable fall, thence it turns W, and after a 
 courfe of 25 miles of continued fails and 
 rapids, it enters Hungry bay 20 miles 
 above the outlet of Lake Ontario, 
 
 Black R. in N. York, riling inOfwegat- 
 chie Lake, which enters the St. Lawrence 
 60 miles below its outlet from Lake On- 
 tario. 
 
 Black R. along river which riits ixi Vir- 
 ginia, and pafTes fouth eafterly into Not- 
 taway R. in N. Carolina. 
 
 Black River, a Britifh fettlement at the 
 mouth of Tinto R. 20 kagues to the E 
 of Cape Honduras, the only harbour on 
 t]>e coaft of Terra Firma, from the ifland 
 of Rattan to Cape Gracias a Dios, and was 
 for more than 60 years the refuge of the 
 logwood cutters, when theSpaniards drove 
 them from the forefts of E.Yucatan, which 
 occaiioned adventurers of difFcrent kinds 
 tc fettle here, where the coatt isfandy,low 
 
 and fwampy ; higher up near the river-, 
 and lagoons, which are full of fifli, the 
 foil is more fertile, and produces plan- 
 tanes, cocoa trees, maize, yams, potatoes, 
 and variety of vegetables ; end the pafliou 
 for drinking fpi) its, made them plant lu- 
 gar canes. The forefts arc full of deer. 
 Mexican fwine an-d game. The fhorcs 
 abound with turtle, and the woods with 
 mahogany, jsebrawood, farfaparilla, &c. 
 and indeed the whole fettlement flouriflics 
 fpontaneoufly without cultivation. 
 
 Black R. in the iiland of Jamaica, palTcs 
 through a level country, is the deepell and 
 largefl: in the ifland, and will admit flat 
 bottomed boats and canoes for about 50 
 miles. 
 
 Biackhurti Springs, in Jackfon CO. Ten- 
 ^ffee, where a poft office is kept, 6ss 
 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Black StvaTnp, in St. Peter's parifli, S. 
 Carolina, where a potl olHce is kept, 631 
 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Blackjlone, a fmall river which has its 
 fourcein Ramfnornpond.in Sutton, Maf- 
 fachufctts,and after paifing through Prov- 
 idence, empties into Narraganfet Bay at 
 BriPtol, receiving in its courfe a number 
 of tributary flrcams, 
 
 BlacHvaicr, a place in the S part of Vir- 
 ginia, on a river of the name, which unites 
 with the Nottaway. Here the Friends 
 hold a yearly meeting. 
 
 Black Creek, a weftern water of Niagara 
 river, paffing through the town of Wil- 
 loughby above Chippewa. 
 
 Bladen, a county of N. Carolina, in Wil- 
 mington diftridl. It has 6963 inhabitants, 
 including 2278 flaves. 
 
 Bladcnjhurgh, a poft town in Prince 
 George co. Maryland, on the caflern bank 
 of the eaflern branch of PatowmackR. at 
 the confluence of the N W and N E 
 branches; 6 miles from Wafhington ; 38 
 S W from Baltimore, and 12 N E from 
 Alexandria, in Virginia. It contains about 
 160 houfes, and a warehoufe for the in- 
 fpecEtion of tobacco. 
 
 Bla'tze, Cape, on the coaft of W. Florida, 
 in the gulf of Mexico, is a pronacntory 
 which feparates the bay of ^Vpalache on 
 the E from that of St. Jofeph ; into which 
 lalt it turns in the flaape of a flicpherd's 
 crook. 
 
 Blanca, a river in the province of Chi- 
 apa, in the audience of Mexico, in New 
 Spain, N. America. Its water is faid to 
 have a petrifying quality, yet is clear, 
 and does no harm lo man or bead that 
 drinks of it, 
 
 Blanc!! 
 
BLE 
 
 BLU 
 
 Blanco Cdp<:s. There are many capes of 
 this name, as follow, i. The N wcftern 
 point of the bay of Salinas, in the lOth 
 degree of N latitude ; and on the coall of 
 Terra Firma ; and, in other maps, is call- 
 ed the N weftera point of the gulf of Ni- 
 coya. a. On the coaft of California, at 
 the broadeft part of the peninfula, in the 
 2,'id degree of N lat! 3. On the N W coafl 
 of America, in New Albion, fouthward 
 of the mouth of what has been called the 
 River of ihe Wejl, in the 44th degree of N 
 l^t. 4 A promt>ntory of Peru, in ij. Amer- 
 ica, on the coafl; of the S. Sea, 120 miles 
 S W of Guayaquil, S. lat. 3 45, W Ion. 83. 
 5. A cape in the fouthern ocean, on the 
 11 fide of Patagonia, S eallward of Julian 
 Bay, in the 47th degree of S latitude, 8 
 leagues W of Pepys'a Iltand. 
 
 Blanco, or Blatica, an iiland 2t5 leagues 
 from Terra Fixma, and N of Margarita I. 
 in the province of New Andalufia. It is 
 flat, low, and uninhabited ; having favan- 
 iiahs of long grals ; is dry and healthy ; 
 lias plenty of guanas, and fome trees of 
 iignumvitie. N lat. 11 50, W Ion. 64 50. 
 
 Blanco, an ifland on the S eaftern part 
 cf the peninfula of Yucatan,in N.Spain. 
 Nlat. •zi,WIon. 885. 
 
 BUinford^ a townfliip In Lunenburg co. 
 on Mahon Bay, Nova Scotia, fettled by z 
 iQVf families. 
 
 BlandforJ, a pofl town in Hampfliire co. 
 lyialiachufctts, W of Weftliekl ; about 25 
 iniles S W of Norrhampton, and 1 20 W of 
 Bofton. It has 1778 inhabitants. 
 
 Blandfordy a town in Prince George co. 
 Virginia, feparated from Peterfburgh by a 
 fmall creek, over which is a bridge. It 
 contains 2CO houfes and 1200 inhabitants, 
 and is pleafantly fituated on a plain. Here 
 are many large ftores, and 3 tobacco 
 warehoules, which receive annually 6 or 
 7000 hhd.s. It is a thriving place ; arid 
 the marflies in its vicinity bemg now 
 drained, the air of this town, and that of 
 Peterfburgh, is much meliorated. 
 
 Blaiiford, a townfliip in W. Riding of 
 York' CO. y . Canada, on the Thames, op- 
 polite Oxford. 
 
 Bias, St. a cape on the coafl of the North 
 Pacific Ocean, near which, to the S E 
 ftands the town of Compoftella, in the 
 province of Zalifca, in N. Spain. 
 
 Bltdfod Lick, in theftate of TenefTeejlies 
 3a miles from Big Salt Lick gafrifon, and 
 36 ivMxi Nafliville. 
 
 B'fnhe'im, a town in Schoharie co. N 
 York, incorporated iu 1 797, about 25 miles 
 S W of Schoharie. 
 
 Blocl Jfutfii, called by the Indians Manip 
 ffs, is in Newport co. R. Iiland. It was 
 creeled into a townfnip, named Ne'w 
 Shorebam, in 167'i. This ifland is 7 miles 
 in length, and its breadth 4 miles. It hes 
 8 leagues S S W from Rhode Illaud, and 7 
 E by N from the E end of Long Ifland. It 
 has 714 inhabitants. ' It is famous for cat- 
 tle and fheep, butter and cheefe ; round 
 the ledges of the ifland confiderable quan- 
 tities of cod fifli are caught. The fouth- 
 ern part of it is in N lat. 418. 
 
 BlocUey, a townfliip in Philadelphia co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Bloomficld, a Village of N. Jerfey, 5 miles 
 N of Newark. It has aPrelbyterian church 
 and public library. In the vicinity are 
 excellent quarries of freeflone. 
 
 Bloojnfdd, a pofl town in pntario co. N. 
 York, having 1940 inhabitants, 10 miles 
 W of Canandarqu^. 
 
 Bloomi)igFalc,z tradl of land in the town- 
 fliip of Manlius, N. York flate, on Butter- 
 nut Creek. 
 
 Blount, a county in the flate of Tenef- 
 foe, bounded foutherly by lands retained 
 by the Indians. Its principal flreams are 
 the Hclfton, Little River, and fome fmaU 
 branches of the TerieiTee. It contains 
 5526 inhabitants, 339 are Haves. 
 
 BloiintJVtlle, in N. Carolina, is on the poft 
 read from Halifax to Plymouth, 49 miles 
 from Plymouth, and 55 from WiUiami- 
 town. 
 
 Blountfville^ the ccurtty town cf Sullivan 
 CO. Teneffet. 
 
 Bluefdds Bay, lies S eaflward of Savan- 
 nah la mar, in the iiland of Jamaica, hav- 
 ing good anchorage for large vefTels. N 
 lat. i8 lo-l, Wlon.78. 
 
 Blucfelds, a town fituated at the S E 
 point of the country called the MofquHa 
 Jbore. It has a good harbour except that 
 at its entrance is a bar on which are 
 only 12 feet water. At this place end? 
 the real jurifdiclion of the Mofquito king", 
 though he exads tribute from all the in- 
 habitants on the lea fliore 100 leagues fur- 
 ther fouthward. The country back of 
 Bluefields is high land. 
 
 Bluekill, a poft town in Hancock co. 
 Maine, on the W fide of Union R 344 
 railes N E of Boflon, and 1 3 E of Pcnobfcot. 
 ' Blue Hill Bay, is formed by Nafkeag 
 Point on the W, and Mount Dcfart I. on 
 the E. It extends northerly up to a moun- 
 tain on the E of Penobfcot R. which, from 
 its appearance at fea, is called Blue Hill. 
 Union R. empties into this bay. 
 
 Blue Hilli, a range of niountains in Nev/ 
 England j 
 
BOB 
 
 BOL 
 
 England ; whofe firft ridge in N. Hamp- j 
 fliire pafles through Rochefl:er,Barrington, 
 and Nottingham. 
 
 Blue Mountains, in Northampton co. 
 Pennfylvania, extend from S W to N E, 
 and a ihort way acrofs the Delaware. Al- 
 fo, a range of mountains which run from 
 is E to N W through Surry co. in the iil- 
 and of Jamaica. 
 
 Blue Ridge. The firft ridge of the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains.^ in Pennfylvania and Vir- 
 ginia, is called the Blue Ridge ; and is a- 
 bout 130 miles from the Atlantic. It is 
 about 4000 feet high, meafuring from its 
 l?afe ; and betv/een it and the North 
 Mountain is a large fertile vale. The 
 paiTage of the Potowmack through this 
 ridge is one of the moft ftupendous fcenes 
 in nature. See Alleghany Mountains^ and 
 JPototumack Ri'uer. 
 
 Blue Licks, on the main branch of Lick- 
 ing R. in Kentucky, are lituated about 8 
 miles weflerly from the Upper Blue Licks. 
 Both are on the N eaOiern lide of the ri\^- 
 er ; the latter is about 15 miles N E of 
 Millers. 
 
 Blue Spring,\\e^ between Big Barren and 
 JLittle Barren rivers, S branches of Green 
 R. in Mercer's co. Kentucky ; about ^^ 
 iniles S welleily from Sulphur Spring, and 
 13 S of Craig's Fort, on the N iide of 
 Green R. ' 
 
 Blue Stone Creek, a fmall wcftern branch 
 of the Great Kanhaway. 
 
 Blue Water River, rifes among the fouth- 
 prn branches of Duck River, and empties 
 into theTenelTeg. It is afcended by boats. 
 
 Bocca Chica, the ftrait or entrance into 
 the harbour of Carthagena, in Terra Fir- 
 ma, S.America ; defended by feveral forts 
 and guns, which were all takeii by the 
 Britilh forces in" 1741. 
 
 Bocca del Dragp, a ftrait between the ifl- 
 and of Trinidad and Andalufia, in thp 
 province of Terra Firma, S. America. 
 
 BodtveWs Falls, "in Merrimack R lie be- 
 tv/een Andover and Methuen, about 5 
 iniles below Patucket Falls. Near this is a 
 bridge uniting Methuen and Andoyer. 
 
 Bodet Poifit, is on the N fliore of Lake St. 
 Francis, near the boundary line between 
 U. and L. Canada. Bodet River, runs into 
 Lake St. Francis E of Bodet Point. 
 
 Smyth, 
 
 Bontf, Le, a place in the N weftern cor- 
 ner of Pennfylvania, at the head of the N 
 branch of French Creek, and 50 miles 
 from Fort Franklin,where this Creek joins 
 tiie Alleghany ; meafuring the diftance by 
 v/atcr. I'he French foi't of Le Eoeuf, 
 
 from which the place has its name, layt 
 about a miles E from Small Lake, which ijj 
 on the N branch of French Creek ; and 
 from Le Boeuf, there is a portage of 1 4 
 miles northerly, to Prefque Ilk, in Lake 
 Erie ; where the French had another fort. 
 From Le Boeuf, to Prefque Tfle, is a con- 
 tinued chefnut bottom Iwamp (except for 
 about I mile from the iormer, and a 
 from the latter) and the road between 
 thefe two places, for 9 miles, so years ago, 
 was made with logs, laid upon the fwamp. 
 N lat. 4S I, Wlon 795320. 
 
 Boggy Creel, riles among the eaftern 
 branches of Poplar Creek, and empties 
 into the Tenefiee jufl abwe the Mufcle; 
 Shoals. Below its mouth there is a beau- 
 tiful blufF 40 feet perpendicular, whence 
 there is an exteniive profpecSt up and 
 down the river. Hurricane Creek is a. 
 branch of Boggy Crt;ek. 
 
 Bohemia, a broad, xiavigable river, 10 
 miles long, which runs "W" N W into Elk 
 River, in Maryland, 11 miles below Elk- 
 ton. 
 
 Bohio, a river of Chili, in S. America. 
 
 Bois Blanc Jjland, in U. Canada, lies in, 
 in the ftrait between Lake Erie and Lake 
 St.Clair,containingi50 to aooacres of good 
 land, covered with wood. I'hc commoj; 
 channel, which is narroWjis between it and 
 theE lliore, and forms the beft harbour in 
 this country. This ifland commands the 
 Detroit river from Lake Erie. At its up- 
 per end are good mill feats. A wider fliip 
 cJiannel, though lefs frequented, is on the 
 W of the ill and. Smyth. 
 
 Bolahola, one of the Society JJles, which 
 fee. 
 
 Bolinhrohe, a town in Talbot co. eaftern 
 fliore of Maryland, and 5 miles E of Ox- 
 ford. It Hes on the N W point of Chop- 
 tank River. 
 
 Bolton, a townfliip in Chittenden co. 
 Vermont, on Onion K. about 104 miles N 
 N E from Bennington. 
 
 Bolton, a townfliip in Tolland co. Con- 
 ngdlicut, incorporated in 1720; and was 
 fettled from Weather.sfield, Hartford, and 
 Windfor, 14 miles Efrom Hartford. 
 
 Bolton, a townfliip in Worcefter co.Maf- 
 fachufetts ; 18 70}}^:. N E from Worcefter, 
 and 34 W froiT. Softon. It contains 945 
 inhabitants. There is a fine bed of lime- 
 ftone in this towi., from which confidera- 
 ble quanties of good lime are made yearly, 
 
 Bolion, a townfliip in V7alliiagton co. 
 N. York, between Scrocn Lake and Lak^ 
 George. It has 959 inhabitants ; 10 or 1% 
 miles S E of Ticcndcroga. 
 
 Bombardcx 
 
BO!^ 
 
 ion 
 
 ^omharde, a fort and village on the N 
 peninfula of St. Domingo liland, about 3 
 leagues N of La Plate Forme ; 6 S E of 
 the Mole, aad 2a from Port de Paix, as 
 the road runs. N hit. 1 9 j^t, 
 
 Bombay Hoot, an ifiand at the mouth of 
 Dehiware R. about 8 miles long and 2 
 "broad, formed by the Delaware on the 
 <?aft:ern fide, and Duck Creek and Lirtle 
 Duck Creek on the Mftryland fide ; thefe 
 are united together by a natural canal It 
 is propofed to conned Delaware R, with 
 Chefapeak Bay, by a canal from Duck 
 Creek to that bay, through Chefter P,.. 
 See Chtji^r Rher The N W end of Bom- 
 bay Hook is about 47 miles from Capes 
 HerJopen and May, from the Hook to 
 Reedy I. is 9 miles. 
 
 Bombazine Rapids, on a river in Lincoln 
 CO. Diflrict of Maine, are navigable for 
 boats with fome lading, at a middling pitch 
 of water. They took their name from 
 Bombazine, an Ixidian warrior, who was 
 ilain by the Englifh in attempting to crofs 
 them. 
 
 Bomhazhis, a lake, 7 or 8 miles long, in 
 the townfhip of CalHeton, PvUtland co. 
 Vermont. 
 
 Bonaire, an ifiand, aimofi: uninhabited, 
 on the coafl of Venizuela, in the kingdom 
 Of 1 erra Firma, about 20 leagues from the 
 continent, and 14 E of Cura^oa, and be- 
 longs to the Dutch, It i3 about 18 leagues 
 in compafs, and has a good bay and road 
 en the S W fide, near the middle of the 
 ifiand. Here formerly were a few houfes, 
 and a fort with a few fo Idlers. There 
 were alio 5 or 6 Indian families who plant- 
 ed maize, yams, potatoes, &c. There are 
 plenty of cattle and goats, wliich they 
 fend falted to^Cura^oa annually. There 
 is a fait pond here, where the Dutch 
 come for lait. N lat. iz 16, Wlon. 68 18. 
 
 Boiiamys Point, on the fouthern fide of 
 Chaleur Bay, is at the N W extremity of 
 Eel river cove, and forms the S Jiraitof the 
 mouth of Riftigouche river. 
 
 Boiiaveidure, on the northern fide of Cha- 
 ieur Bay, lies about 3 leagues from New 
 Carliile, which is now called Hamilton, 
 It was a place of confiderable commerce, 
 but is nov/ declined. 
 
 Botia-jenlura, a bay, harbour, and fort, 
 c;f S. America, in Papa van, 9c miles E of 
 Cali. N lat. 3 2,o,Wlo' It is the 
 
 flapleportof CahjPapi lc,&c. 
 
 Bonwvijla, Cafe avd Bu-i '.J^ \n: on the E 
 fide of Newfoundland I. The cape lies 
 in N lat. 48 15, W Ion. 5a 32, and was 
 difcovered by John Cabot, aad hia ion 
 
 Sebafiian, in 1497, in the fervice of Hent^ 
 VII. king of England. The bay is formed 
 by this cape and that of Cape' f reels, 15 
 leagues apart. 
 
 Bonhatntcivn^vcx Middlefex CO. N. Jerfey, 
 lies about 6 miles N E from New Brunf- 
 wick. 
 
 Boone, a county of Kentucky, containing 
 1534 inhabitants. 
 
 B'iwtfbury^ a poll town in Wafliington 
 CO. Maniand, 6i miles from Walhington.. 
 
 Bo'nc Bay, lies on the W fide of Nev/^ 
 foundland I. 22 leagues N by E of St. 
 George's Harbour. N lat. 49 r:^^. 
 
 Bor,ndo7i, a fmall pofl: town in Morris 
 CO. N. Jtrfey, on the pofl; road between 
 Rockaway and Sufltx court houfe ; 116 
 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
 Boon JJland, on the coaft of Maine, be* 
 tween the mouth of York R. and Cape 
 Ncddock, 
 
 Boorfuorough,\n Maddifon eo Kentucky, 
 lies on the S fide of Kentucky R. at the 
 mouth of Otter Creek, 15 miles S E. of 
 Lexington, and ^5 N E from Danville. 
 
 Boon: Creeky a fmali N branch of Ken- 
 tucky R. 
 
 Booth Bay, a town and bay on the coaft 
 of Lincoln co. Maine, in N lat. 43 42, 
 about 2 miles W of Pemaquid Point. 
 The bay ftretches v/ithin the land about 
 12 miles, and receives two fmall ftreams. 
 On it is a town, having 997 inhabitants. 
 This town and bay were originally called 
 Townfend;. which fee. 
 
 Bouquet R. pafTcs til! ough the town of 
 Willfborough, in Clinton co. N. York, 
 and is navigable for boats about 2 miles \ 
 and is there interrupted by falls, on which 
 are mills. At this place are the remains 
 of an intrenchmeut, thrown up by Gen. 
 Eurgoyne. 
 
 BcrJentoivn, a pleafant poft town In 
 Burlington co. N. Jerfey, fituated at the 
 mouth of CrolTwicks Creek, on the E 
 bank of a great bend of Delaware P. 6 
 miles below Trenton, 9NE from Bur- 
 hngton,by water, and 15 by land, and 24 
 miles NE from Philadelphia. Through 
 this town, which contains about 100 
 houfes, and a Baptifl; and Quaker meeting 
 houfe, a line of Qages paffes from New 
 York to Philadelphia. 'I'he fecond di- 
 viiion of Hcflians was placed in this town, 
 in December, 1776; and by the rortd 
 leading to it, 6co men of that nation 
 efcaptd, when Gen.Vv'afliington furprifed, 
 and made prifoncrs of 886 prlv*ates, and 
 23 Hcflian oflTicers, at Trenton. 
 
 Bcricuc/ti or Crabi Jjland. Sec Bicque. 
 
 jBorgHC, 
 
BOS 
 
 tO^ 
 
 Borgne, Le, a town on the north fide of 
 the northern peninfuia of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo, 3 leagues W by N of Port Mar- 
 got, and 8 £ by S of Port de Paix. N lat. 
 
 X9 49- 
 
 Borja, a town in Peru, lituatcd on the 
 head waters of Amazon R. 
 
 Borja, a town in Brazil, on the S eailcrn 
 bank of Uraguay R. S lat. 29 15 W loa. 
 56 30. 
 
 Bofcaiven, a pofl town in Hilllborough 
 CO. N. Hampfliire,on the weflern bank of 
 Merrimack R. above Concord; 43 miles 
 N Wof Exeter,, and 38 SE of Dartmouth 
 College; having 1 108 inhabitants. Bof- 
 cawen Hills are in this neighbourhood. 
 
 Bofon, a port town, and the capital of 
 the ftate of MalTachufetts, the largeft town 
 in N. England, and the fourth in fize and 
 rank in the United States, lies in 42 23 15 
 N lat. and 70 52 42 W Ion. This town, 
 with the towns of Hingham, Ghelfea, and 
 Hull, conftitute the county of Suffolk; 
 176 miles S W of V/ifcaiTet, 6i S by W 
 of Portfmouth, 164 N E of New Haven, 
 252 N E of N. York, 347 N E of Phila- 
 delphia, and 5C0 N E of the city of Wafli- 
 ington. Boflou is built upon a peninfuia 
 of irregular form, at the bottom of Maf- 
 fachufetts Bay, and is jomed to the main 
 land by an ifthmus on the fouth end of 
 the town leading to Roxbur)^ It is two 
 miles long, but is of unequal breadth; 
 the broadeft part is 726 yards. The pen- 
 infuia contains about 700 acres (other 
 accounts fay 1000) on which are about 
 2600 dwelling houfes. The number of 
 inhabitants in 1790 was 18,038, in 1800, 
 24,937. The tOAvn is interfccSced by 97 
 ftreets, 36 lanes, and 26 alleys, befides 18 
 courts, &c- moft of thefe are irregular, and 
 not very convenient. State Itrcet, Com- 
 mon ftreet, and a few others, are excep- 
 tions to this general characfler ; the former 
 is verv fpacious, and being on a line with 
 Long Wharf, where ftrangers ufually 
 Tand, exhibits a flattering idea of the town. 
 Here are nineteen edifices for public wor- 
 fliip, of which nine are for Congrega- 
 tionalifcs, three for Epifcopalians, and 
 two for Baptifts ; the Friends, Roman 
 Catholics, Methodifls, Sandemanlaus and 
 Uiiiverfalifts have one each. Moft of thefe 
 are ornamented with beautiful fpires,with 
 clocks and bells. The other public build- 
 ings are the old State Houfe, now con- 
 verted into offices, ftores, &c. Court 
 Houfc, a Theatre, Concert Hall, Fancuil 
 Hall, Gaol, an Alms Houie, lately eredled 
 at the N W part of the town, fpacious. 
 
 and commodious, and the mcfl elcgarlS" 
 building of the kind in the United States. 
 Franklin Place, adjoining Federal ftreet 
 Theatre, is a great ornamtT;t to the town j 
 it contains a monument of Dr. Eranklin^- 
 from whom it takes its name, and is en-' 
 compafled on two fides with elegant build- 
 ings. Here are kept, in capacious rooms, 
 given and fitted up for the purpofe, the 
 Bofton Library, and the valuable Collec- 
 tions of the Hiftorical Society. Mofl of 
 the public buildings are handfome, and 
 fome of chem are elegant ; particularly 
 the new State Ploufe, ered:ed on the S 
 fide of Beacon Hill, fronting the Mali, 
 the corner ftone of which was laid with 
 great formality and parade on the 4th of 
 July, 1795. This building overtops the 
 monument on Beacon Hill, and is one of 
 the moft elegant in the United States. It 
 is an ol>long building, 173 feet front, and 
 61 deep, it conlifts externally of a bafe- 
 ment ftory, 20 feet high, and a principal 
 ftory, 30 feet. This in the centre of the 
 front is crowned with an Attic 60 feet 
 wide, 20 feet high, which is covered with 
 a pediment : Immediately above this rifes 
 a dome 50 feet diameter and 30 high, the 
 v.'holc terminated with an elegant circular 
 lanthorn, fupporting a gilt pine cone, an 
 emblem of one of our principal ftaples. 
 The bafement fl;ory is finiihed plain on 
 the wings with fquare windows. The 
 centre is 94 feet in length, and formed of 
 arches which project 14 feet ; they forra 
 a covered walk below, and fupport a coU 
 onade of Corinthian columns of the fame 
 extent above. The outfide walls are of 
 large patent brides, with white marble 
 fafcias, impofis and key flrones. The low- 
 er ftory is divided into a large hall or 
 public walk in the centre, S5 feet fquare 
 and 20 high, fupportcd by Doric columns * 
 tw^o entries, each 16 I'ctt wide, with two 
 flights of ftairs in each, and at the ends 
 offices for the Treafurer and Secretary of 
 the commonwealth. The rooms above 
 are, theReprefentatives* room, in the cen- 
 tre, S5 f^cet fquare, the corners formed into- 
 niches for fireplaces : this room is finifli- 
 ed with Doric columns on the fides, at i* 
 feet from the floor, forming a gallery ; the 
 Doric entablature furrounds the wholes 
 from this fpring four flat arches on the 
 fides, which bein;j_ united by a circular 
 cornice above, form in the angles four 
 large pendants to a b(>]d and well pro- 
 portioned dome. The pendants are or- 
 namented with trophies of Commerce, Ax;-^ 
 ricu'turcy Peace, and IVar. The dome is 
 
 finilhtd 
 
BdS 
 
 f niflied in compartments of ftucco, in a 
 ftyle of limple elegance. The centre of 
 the dome is 50 feet from the floor. The 
 feats for the niembers are ranged femi- 
 circularly, and the Speaker's chair in 
 face of the whole. North erf the centre 
 room is the Senate chamber, ^^ feet long, 
 ^^3 wide, and 30 high ; highly finiflied iii 
 the Ionic order ; two fcreens of columns, 
 fupport wirh their entablature a rich and 
 elegant arched ceiling. This room is alfd 
 ornamented with Ionic pilafters, and with 
 the arms of the State, and of the United 
 States, placed in oppofite pannels : it is 
 accommodated with a g.diery for pubHc 
 life. The Council chamber is on the op- 
 pofite quarter of the building ; it is 27 
 feet fquare, and 20 high, with a flat ceil- 
 ing; the wails are finilhed -fivith Corinth- 
 ian pilafters and pannels of ftucco ; thefc 
 pannels arc enriched with the State Arms, 
 with emblems of Executive Power, the 
 fcale and fword of Juftice, and the infignia 
 of Arts and Freedom, the Caduceus and 
 Cap of Liberty- The whole decorated 
 with wreaths of oak and laurel. Befide 
 thefe principal rooms, there are about 20 
 fmaller, plainly finiflied for the ufe of 
 committees. The fbairs are fpaciotrs, and 
 two flights of them lead to the top of the 
 outer dome, 170 fleps from the founda- 
 tion. This flight aff^brds an uninterrupted 
 view of one of the flnefl fcenes in nature. 
 Indeed the beauty and advantages of this 
 fituation which induced the Legifiature 
 to make choice of it for the prefent build- 
 ing, arc acknowledged by both natives 
 and foreigners. It vies with the moft pic- 
 turefque fcenes in Europe, and will bear 
 comparifon with the Caflle Hill of Edin- 
 burgh, the famous bay of Naples, or any 
 other moft commanding profpect. The 
 foundation of this building is abotit lOO 
 feet above the level of the harbour ; its 
 elevation and fize, make it a very con- 
 fpicuous object. It is about 60 feet above 
 the level of the Mall, and from this iitu- 
 ation appears to moft advantage. The 
 Market Place, in which Faneuil Hall io 
 fituated, is fupplied with all kinds of pro- 
 vifions which the country affords. The 
 f fli market in particular, by the bounte- 
 ous fupplies of the ocean and rivers, not 
 only furni flies the rich with the rarefl 
 produ«5tions, but often providers the poor 
 with a cheap and grateful repaft. Bofl-on 
 harbour is formed by Point Alderton on 
 the S, ?nd by Nahant Point on the N. 
 The harbour is capacious enough for 500 
 veJTels to ride at ancherin good depth of 
 
 water ; whllfl: the entrance is fo narfow 
 as fcurcely to admit two fliipa abreafl. It 
 is variegated with about 40 iflands, of 
 which 15 only can be properly called fo ; 
 the others being fmall rocks or banks of 
 fand, nightly covered with verdure. Thefe 
 idands afFord excellent pafturage, hay and 
 grain, and are agreeable places of refort 
 in fummer to parties of pleafure. Fort 
 Independence, on Caflle Ifland, formerly 
 Caftle William, is about 3 miles E of Bof- 
 ton, is a very ftrong fortrefs, lately built 
 by the government of the U. States, at 31 
 great expenfe, and defends Bofton har- 
 bour. '1 his fort is fufticiently manned 
 for a peace eftablifliment. The light 
 Houfe ftands on a fmall iHand on the N 
 entrance of the channel, (Point Aldertort 
 and Nantafliet Heights being on the S) 
 and is about 65 feet high. To fleer for 
 it from Cape Cod, the courfe is W N W 
 when within one league of the Cape ; 
 from Cape Cod to the Light Houfe is 
 about 16 leagues ; from Cape Ann the 
 courfe is S W, diflant re leagues- A can- 
 non is lodged and mounted at the Light 
 Houfe to anfvvcr fignals. Only feven of 
 the iflands in the bay are within the ju- 
 rifdiclion of thp town, and taxed with it, 
 viz. Noddle's, Hog, Long, Deer, Spedtacle, 
 Governor's, and Apple Iflands. The 
 wharfes and quays in Boflon are about 
 80 in number, and very con\'enient for 
 veflels. Long Wharf, or Bofton Pier, in 
 particular, extends from the bottom of 
 State fl:rect 1743 feet into the harbour in, 
 a ftraig.ht line. The breadth is 104 feet. 
 At the end af e 1 7 feet of water at ebb tide. 
 Adjoining to this wharf on the N is a 
 convenient wharf called Minot's T, from 
 the name of its former proprietor and its 
 form. Veflels are fupplied here with 
 freflii water from a veil furroundcd by 
 fait water, which has been dug at a great 
 expenfe. Long Wharf is covered on the 
 N flde with large and commodious flores, 
 feveral of which are fire proof, and in 
 every refpecSt exceeds any thing of the 
 kind in the United States. A company, 
 incorporated for the purpofe in i'-()f>f 
 have cut a canal, on the E flde of Bofton 
 neck, connedling the harbour of Eoflon, 
 with Roxbury. The view of the town, 
 as it is approached from the fea, is truly 
 beautiful and picTturefque. It lies in a 
 circular and pleafingly irregiiinr form 
 round the harbour, and is ornamented 
 with fpircs, above which the monument 
 of Beacon Hill rifes, which is now, how- 
 ever, overtopped by the new State Houfe. 
 
 On 
 
BOS 
 
 BOS 
 
 On the bafe of the monument are iiifcrlp- 
 tions, commemorating fome of the moft 
 remarkable events of the late -var. Beacon 
 Hill is the highefl ground on the peninfula, 
 and affords a moft delightful and extenfive 
 profpedt. The common below it contains 
 about 45 acres always open to refrefhing 
 breezes ; on its eaft fide is the Mall, a very 
 pleafant walk above 500 yards in length, 
 adorned with rows of trees, to which an 
 addition of about, lOO yards has been late- 
 ly made. Charles River and Weft Bofton 
 bridges arc highly ufeful and ornamental 
 to Bofton ; and both are on Charles Riv- 
 er, which mingles its waters with thofe of 
 Myftic River in Bofton harbour Charles 
 River bridge connects Bofton with Charlef- 
 town in Middle fex county, and is 1503 
 feet long, 42 feet broad, ftands on 75 piers, 
 and coft the fubfcribers 50,000 dollars. 
 It was opened June 19, 1787. 
 
 Feet long. 
 Weft Bofton bridge ftands on 1 80 
 
 piers, is 3483 
 
 Bridge over the gore, 14 piers, a 75 
 
 Abutment Bofton fide, Sj-k 
 
 Caufeway, 3344 
 
 Diftance from the end of the Caufa- 
 
 way to Cambridge meeting houfe, 7810 
 Width of the Bridge, ' 40 
 
 This bridge exceeds the other as much 
 in elegance as in length, and coft the fub- 
 fcribers 76,700 dollars. Both bridges 
 have draws for the admiftion of veflels, 
 and lamps for the benefit of evening pafl- 
 engers. Seven Free Schools are fupport- 
 ed here at th-e public expenfe, in which 
 the children of every clafs of citizens may 
 freely affociate together. The number 
 f/f fcholars is computed at about 900, of 
 which 160 are taught Latin, &c. There 
 are befide thefe many private fchools. 
 The principal focieties in the Com.mon- 
 wealth hold their meetings in this town, 
 and are, the Marine Society, American 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences, Maftachu- 
 fetts Agricultural Society, MaiTachufetts 
 Charitable Society,Bofton Epifcopal Chafr- 
 itable Society, Malfachufetts Hiftorical 
 Society, Society for propagating the Gof- 
 pel, MaiTachufetts Congregational Society, 
 Medical Society, Humane Society, Bofton 
 Library Society, Bofton Mechanic AfTocia- 
 tion,CharitableFireSociety,and MaiTachu- 
 fetts Miffionary Society. The foreign and 
 domeftlc trade of Bofton is very considera- 
 ble, to fupport which there are' four Banks, 
 viz, the Branch of the United States Bank, 
 the Union Bank, the MaiTachufetts Bank, 
 and the Bofton Bank. The Maflachufetts 
 Vol, I. G 
 
 Bank confifts of 800 fliares of 500 dollars, 
 equal to 400,000; the capital of the Union 
 Bank is, 1,200,000 dollars, 400,000 of 
 which is the property of the State. In 
 1748, 500 veflels cleared out of this port 
 for, and 430 were entered from, foreign 
 parts. In 1 7 84, the entries of foreign and 
 coafting veflels were 372, and the clear- 
 ances 450. In 1794, the entries from 
 foreign ports were 567. In 1795, thefe 
 entries amounted to 725, of which the 
 fliips were 96, barques 3, fnows 9, polacre 
 I, bri.gs 185, dogger i, fchooners 362, 
 fliallop I, and Hoops 65 ; the number 
 lince has much increafed. The principal 
 manufadlures coniift of rum, loaf fugar, 
 beer, failcloth, cordage, wool and cotton 
 cards, playing cards, pot and pearl allies, 
 paper hangings, hats, plate glafs, tobacco, 
 and chocolate. There are thirty diftiller- 
 ies, two breweries, eight fugar houfes, and 
 eleven ropewalks. In the year 1789, the 
 intercourfe v.ith the country barely re- 
 quired two ftages acd tM'^elve hcrfes, on 
 the great road between this and New Ha- 
 ven. In 1797, there A', ere twenty carriag- 
 es and one hundred horfes em.ployed. 1 he 
 number of the diftbrent ftages that run 
 through the week frcri this town, was, at 
 the above period, upv-nrds of 20,eightyears 
 before there ^vere only three. The number 
 has lince confiderably increafed. Attempts 
 have been made to cliange the govern- 
 ment of the tor, n frcn. 'its prefent torm to 
 that of a city ; but this meafure, not ac- 
 cording v/ith the deijocratic fpirit of the 
 people, has as yet failed. At an annual 
 meeting in March, cine Sele<rimen are 
 chofen for the goveniment of the town ; 
 at the fame time are chofen a Tow n Clerk, 
 a Treafurer, 12 Overfeers of the Poor, 
 twenty-four Firevrards, twelve Clerks of 
 the A'larket, twelve Scavengers, twelve 
 Conftables, befide a numb' r of other offi- 
 cers. If the inhabitants do not reap all 
 the advantages they have a right to ex- 
 petSt from their num.rrous officers, it is 
 not for want of whclefome la\\ s for the 
 regulation of the weights, meafures and 
 quality of provilions or other branches of 
 police, but, h^caufe the laivs are not pit in 
 exeLidicn. Befide thole called Trained 
 Bands, there are four other military com- 
 panies in Bofton, viz. the Ancient and 
 Honourable Artillery Company, the Ca- 
 dets, Fufiliers, and Artillery. The Ancient 
 and Honourable Artillery Company was 
 incorporated in 1638, and the eledion 
 of a captain and officers of it for the year 
 is on the firft Tvlonday in June annually, 
 
 which 
 
BOU 
 
 B O Y 
 
 which is obferved here as a day of feftlvl- 
 ty. Several officers in the American army, 
 who fignalized themfelves in the late war, 
 received their iirft knowledge of tacSlics in 
 this military, fchool. Bofton was fettled 
 as early as 1631, from Char left own : it 
 was called Shaumut by the Indians ; 
 Trimountainbythe fettlersinCharleftown, 
 from the view of its three hills ; and had 
 its preient name in token of refpe<5l to 
 the Rev. Mr. Cotton, a minifter of Bofton 
 in England, and afterwards minifter of the 
 firft church here. Bofton was greatly 
 damaged by an earthquake in Odlober 29, 
 1727, and lince that time has fuSered fe- 
 verely by numerous fires, the houfes being 
 moftly built of wood. The laft large fire 
 happened July 30, 1794, and confumed 96 
 houfes, ropewalks, &c. and the account of 
 lofles given in by the fufferers amounted 
 209,861 dollars. It was in Bofton that 
 the Revolution origlrrated which gave in- 
 dependence to America, and thence flew 
 like an eledtrical fhock throughout the 
 Union. It furred much at the commence- 
 ment of the war, by she lofs of an exten- 
 five trade, and other calamities. Bofton 
 feels a pride in hrjving given birth to 
 Benjarmn Franklin, tnd a number of oth- 
 er patriots, who were among the moft ac- 
 tive and influential characters in effedling 
 the revolution. Gre it improvements have 
 been made in the tlreets, buildings, and 
 police of this town, within a few years. 
 
 Bojlon Corner, a tradl of land adjoining 
 Mount Wafliington, Eerkfliire co. Mafla- 
 chufetts, containing 67 inhabitants. 
 
 Bojlon, Neiv, a townfliip in Hillfborovgh 
 CO. N. Hampfhire, 12 miles S W by W 
 from Amufkeag Fal;^; 60 miles Wof Portf- 
 mouth, and a like diftance N W of Bofton. 
 Bojlivkks, a poft town in Stokes co. N. 
 Carolina, 290 miles, from Wafhington. 
 
 Botetourt, a eo. in Virginia, W of the 
 Blue Ridge. It i? 44 miles long and 40 
 broad. In this co. chalk is found. It con- 
 tains 8482 free i inhabitants, and 1343 
 ilaves. Its chief town is Fincaftle, from 
 which the Sweet Springs are 25 miles. 
 
 Bottlchill, a vilUge in Somerfet co. N. 
 Jerfey, 2 miles N W from Chatham, and 
 I J N W of Elizabethtown. 
 
 Boudoir, Le, a fmall ifland in the Pacific 
 Ocean:, S lat. 17 52, W Ion. from Paris, 15 
 115, difcovered April 2, 1768, by Bougan- 
 ville. This ifland, the year before had been 
 dlfcovered by Wallis,and named Ofnaburg. 
 The natives call it Maitea, according to 
 the report of Capt. Cook, who vifited it 
 in 1769. Quiros diicovered this ifland ia 
 
 1 60 6, and called it la Dezana. See Ofnahir^^ 
 
 Bouganmlle s Straits, are at the N W end 
 of the ifles of Solomon. 
 
 Bcugic Inlet, on the coaft of N. Carolina, 
 betv.'een Core Sound and Little Inlet. 
 
 Boundbrook, a village in Somerfet co^ 
 N. Jerfey, on the N bank of Rariton River, 
 about 10 or 12 miles N of Brunfwick. 
 
 Bourbon, Fort, in the ifland of Mai tinico. 
 
 Bourbon Co. in Kentucky, between Lick- 
 ing and Kentucky rivers, contains 12,356 
 inhabitants, including 1994 flaves. The 
 land produces^ wheat, 30, or 2>5 bufliels^ 
 upon an acre, corn about 50. Hemp 
 grows well. Chief town Paris. 
 
 Bourbon, a CO. laid out and organized in 
 the year 1 785, by the State of Georgia, in 
 the S W corner of the State, on the Mifli- 
 fippi, including the Natchez country. 
 The laws of Georgia were never carried 
 into effecSt in this co. and it was under the 
 jurifdiction of the. Spaniards from their 
 conqueft of this part of the country in 
 1780, till it was given up to the United 
 States by the treaty of 1795. 
 
 Bcw, is a townfliip in Rockingham co. 
 N. Hampfliire, on tlie W bank of Merri- 
 mack R. a Httle S. of Concord. 
 
 Boivdoin, a townfliip in Lincoln co^ 
 Maine, on the N eaftern bank of Andro- 
 fcoggin R. diftant from York, N eafterly, 
 36 miles, and from the mouth of Kenne- 
 beck R. 6 miles, and 166 N E of Bofton. 
 It contains 1260 inhabitants. 
 
 Boivdainham, a townlhip in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, feparated from Pownalborough E, 
 and Woolwich S E, by Kennebeck R. It 
 has 792 inhabitants, 15 miles N W from 
 Wifcaffet. 
 
 Boivling Green, a village in Virginia, on 
 the poft road, 2'z miles S of Frederickf- 
 burg, 48 N of Richmond, and 25 N of 
 Hanover court houfe. A poft office is 
 kept here, 84 miles from Wafliington, 
 fouthward. There is another town or 
 village of this name, in Warren co. Ken- 
 tuckey, where is a poft office, 808 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Bo'wers^ Sulphur Springs, are in Bath CO. 
 Virginia, 291 miles from Wafhington. A 
 poft office is kept here. 
 
 Boxborough, a town in Middlefex co. 
 Mafiachufetts, containing 387 inhabitants; 
 30 milesN W from Bofton. 
 
 Boxford, a fmall town in EfTex co. 
 Mafiachufetts, having 852 inhabitants. It 
 lies on the S E fide of Merrimack R. 14 
 miles S W of Newburyport. In the fouth- 
 ernmoft of its two parifhes is a bloomery. 
 JBoylJlorii a townfuip iu Worcefter co. 
 Maflachufettif 
 
BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 ?/tai^achufetts, havbig 1058 inhabitants; 
 7 iTiiles N E of Worcefter, and 42 N W of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1786, 
 having been a parifli of Shrewfbury lince 
 1 742; and contains by furvey, 14,396 acres 
 of land, well watered, and of a rich foil. 
 Bozrah, a town in New London co. Con- 
 nedticut, formerly a parifli in the town of 
 Norwich, 36 miles E from Hartford. 
 
 Bracken, a county of Kentucky, contain- 
 ing 2382 inhabitants. 
 
 Braddoch''s Field, the place where Gen. 
 Braddock, Avith the firft divifion of his 
 army, confifling of 1400 men, fell into an 
 ambufcade of 400 men, chiefly Indians, 
 by whom he was defeated and mortally 
 wounded, July 9, i755-_ The American 
 militia, who were difdainfully turned in 
 the rear, continued unbroken, and ferved 
 as a rear guard, and, under Col. Wafliing- 
 ton, the late Prefident of the U. S. A. pre- 
 ferved the regulars from being entirely cut 
 off. It is fituated on Turtle Creek, on 
 the N E bank of Monongahela R. 6 miles 
 E S E from Pittfburg. 
 
 Braddoclis Bay, on the S fide of Lake 
 Ontario, at the mouth of GenelTee river. 
 
 Bradford, Eajl, and IVeJi, are townfhips 
 in Chefter co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Bradford, a townfliip in EiTei co. Mafla- 
 chufetts, on the S fide of Merrimack R. 
 oppofite Haverhill, 10 miles W of Newbu- 
 ryport. It has two pariflies, and 1420 
 inhabitants. Quantities of leather flioes 
 are made here for exportation ; and in 
 the lower parilli fome velTels are built. 
 Several Ilreams fall into the Merrimack 
 from this town, which fupport a number 
 of mills of v^arious kinds. 
 
 Bradford, a townfliip in Hillfborongh 
 CO. N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1760 ; 
 20 miles E of Charleftown. 
 
 Bradford, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, on the W bank of Connedlicut R. 
 about 2Gk miles above Dartmouth College. 
 There is a remarkable ledge of rocks in 
 this townfaip,. as much as 200 feet high. 
 It appears to hang over, and threaten the 
 traveller as he pafles. The fpace between 
 this ledge and ConnecTticut River is fcarce- 
 ly wide enough for a road. 
 
 Braga, Hay now Fort Dauphin, in the 
 Ifland of Cuba. 
 
 Bralntree, a townfiiip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, lies 30 miles N E of Rutland. It 
 joins Kingfton weflward, Randolph on the 
 caftward, and contains SZ^ inhabitants. 
 
 Bralntree, one of the mod ancient town- 
 ships in Norfolk co in the flate of Maffa- 
 <;hwfetts, was fettled in 162J, and then 
 
 called Mount Woolajlon, from the name of 
 its founder. It Ues on a bay, 8 miles E of 
 S from Bofion, and contains 1285 inhab- 
 itants. Great quantities of granite flones 
 are fent to Bofton and other places from 
 this town for fale. The bav abound^ 
 with fifli and fea fowl, and particularly 
 brants. This town is noted for having 
 produced, in former and latter times, the 
 firfl: charadters both in church and ftate; 
 and, in diftant ages will derive no fmall 
 degree of fame, for having given birth to 
 John Adams, the firft Vice-Prefident, 
 and the fecond Prefident of the United 
 States of America j a man highly diftin- 
 guiflied for his patriotifm, as a citizen ; 
 his juftice, integrity, and talents, as a law- 
 yer ; his profound and extenfive erudi- 
 tion, as a writer ; and his difcernment, 
 firmnefs, and fuccefs, as a foreign minifter 
 and ftatefman. 
 
 Braintrec, Neiu, a town itl the CO. of 
 Worcefter, between Rutland or Oakham, 
 on the E, ar.d Haidwick on the W, 21 
 miles N W of V^^orcefter. It has 875 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Bralntrem, a pcft town in Luzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania, 303 miles from Wafliington. 
 Branco de Malairbo, a to\Yn in the prov- 
 ince of St. Martha, in Terra Firma, S. 
 America. It is a place of great trade, and 
 feated on the river Magdalen, 75 miles N 
 of Carthagena, and is a Biftiop's fee. It has 
 a good harbour. Nlat. 11 /jO,W Ion. 75 30. 
 Brandon, a harbour on the N fide of 
 Long Ifland, N. York, 9 miles V\^ of Smith- 
 town, and the fame diftance from Hamp- 
 ftead Plain. 
 
 Brandon, a poft town in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, fituated on both fides of Otter 
 Creek, containing 1075 inhabitants, and 
 is about 1 2 miles northerly from Rutland. 
 Here Brandon Creek empties into Otter 
 Creek from the N E. 
 
 Brandy Pots,?irc ifles fo calledin the fiver 
 St. Lawrence, 40 leagues below Quebec, a 
 little W of the mouth of Saguenay river. 
 Brandyiiim Creel-, falls into Chriftiana 
 Creek from the northward, at Wilming- 
 ton, in Delaware ftate, about 25 miles 
 from its N and N weftern fources, which 
 both rife in Chefter co. Pennfylvania. 
 This Creek is famous for a bloody battle, 
 fought Sept. II', 1777, between the Britifh 
 and Americans, which lafted nearly the 
 whole day, and the latter were defeated- 
 with confiderable lofs. It was fought at 
 Chadds Ford, and in the neighbourhood 
 of, and on, the ftrong grounds at Birming- 
 ham church. See Ddaiuare^ for an ac- 
 
 oucnt 
 
BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 count of the celebrated mills on this<:reek. 
 Br.indytvine, a townfhip in Chefler co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Bra.'tford, a townfliip in N. Haven co. 
 Connedlicut, conlideraWe for its iron 
 works. It lies on the S fide of a river of 
 the farns name, which runs into Long Ifl- 
 and Sound, lo miles ii from N. Haven, 
 and 40 S of Hartford. 
 
 Brants'' Village^ On Grand river. See 
 JMuhu'iuk y'tllage, 
 
 Brafs d'Or, Called alfo Labrador, a lake 
 which forms into arms and branches, in 
 the iiland of Cape Breton, or Sidney, and 
 opens an eafy communication with all 
 parts of the ifland. See Breton, Cape. 
 
 Brafs IJlund, one of the fmaller Virgin 
 illands, fituated near the N W end of St. 
 Thomas's Iiland, on which it is dependent. 
 Brafs Toxvn, in the flate of Teneflee, is 
 fituated on the head waters of Hiwaffce 
 R. about 100 miles foutherly from Knox- 
 vllle. Two miles S from this town is the 
 Enchanted JMounta'in, much famed for the ! 
 curiofities on its rocks. See Enchanted 
 Mountain. \ 
 
 Brattlchoraiigh, a poft town, in Windham 
 CO. Vermont, having 1867 inhabitants ; on 
 the W bank of Connecticut R. about 40 ; 
 miles E of Bennington, 61 N of Spring- ; 
 field, in MaflachufettSj and 455 from 
 Waibjington. N lat. 42 52. j 
 
 Brazil, or Brnfil, comprehends all the 
 Portugiiefe fettlements in America, and is 
 fituated between the equator and 35 S lat. 
 and b^t^veen is ^"tl 60 W Ion. and is in 
 length 2500, and in breadth 700 miles. 
 Bounded by the mouth of the river Ama- 
 zon, and the Atlantic ocean, on the N, by 
 the fame ocean on the E ; by the mouth 
 of the river Plata, S ; and by morafles, 
 lakes, torrents, rivers, and mountains, 
 which feparate it from Amazonia and the 
 Spanifl-i pofTeflions on the W. It has three 
 grand divilions. I. The northei"n con- 
 tains 8 provinces or captainfliips, viz. Pa- 
 ra, Marignan, Siara, Petagues, Rio Grande, 
 Payraba, Tamara, and Pernambuco. 2. 
 The middle divifion ; 5 captaintbips, vij^. 
 Seregippe, Bahia, or the Bay of All Saints, 
 Iflieos, Porto Seguro, and Spirito Sancco. 
 3. The fouthern dlvilion ; 3 captainfliips, 
 viz. Rio Janeiro, St. Vincent, and Del Rey. 
 The number of confidcrable cities are 16 ; 
 of thefe St. Salvadore, in the Bay of Ail 
 Saints, is the chief, and is the capital of 
 Brazil; thefecondinrankisRio dc Janeiro. 
 On the coaft are three fmall iflands where 
 {liips touch for provifions on their voyage 
 to the South Seas, viz. Fernando, St. Bar- 
 
 haro, and St. Catharines. The bays, har- 
 bours, and rivers, are the harbours of Per- 
 nambuco, All Saints, Porto Seguro, ths 
 port and harbour of Rio de Jaiieiro, the 
 port of St, Vincent, the harbour ox St. Ga- 
 briel, and the port of St. Salvadore, on the 
 N fliore of the river La Plata. The cli- 
 mate of Brazil is temperate and mild, 
 when compared with that of Africa ; ow- 
 I ing chiefly to the refrefliing wind, which 
 I blows continually from the fea. The air 
 is not only cool, but chilly during the 
 I night, fo that the natives kindle a fire 
 every evening in their huts. The rivers 
 in this country annually overflow their 
 banks, and like the Nile leave a fort of 
 flime upon the lands ; and the foil is in 
 many places amazingly rich. The vege- 
 table productions are, Indian corn, fugar 
 canes, tobacco, indigo, balfam, ipecacuan- 
 ha, brazil wood. The laft is of a red col- 
 our, hard and dry ; and is chiefly ufed in 
 dying, but not th^ red of the bed kind. 
 Here Is alfo the yellow fuftic, of ufe in 
 dying yellow, and a beautiful kind of 
 fpeckled wood ui'ed in cabinet work. 
 Here are five different forts of palm trees, 
 j curious ebony, and a great variety of cot- 
 i ton trees. This country abounds in horn- 
 ed cattle, which arc hunted for their hides 
 only, 20,000 being fent annually to Eu- 
 rope. There is great plenty of deers, 
 hares, and other game. Befide the beafls 
 common in the neighbouring parts of the 
 continent, are janouveras, and a fierce an- 
 imal fomewhat like a greyhound, the topi- 
 raffou, a creature between a bull and an 
 afs, but without horns, and entirely harm- 
 lefs, the flefh is very good, and has the 
 flavour of be?f. The remarkable birds 
 are the humming bird ; the lanklma, 
 fometimes called the unicorn bird, from 
 its having a horn, 2 or 3 inches long, grow- 
 ing out of Its forehead ; the guira, famous 
 for changing its colour often, being firft 
 black, then afli coloured, next white, after- 
 wards fcarlet, and la ft of all crimfon ; 
 which colours grow deeper and richer the 
 longer the bird lives. Of fifli, there is 
 one called the globe fifli, fo called from 
 its form, which is fo befet with fpikcs like 
 a hedgehog, that it bids defiance to all fiili 
 of prey. Brazil breeds a variety of feri- 
 pents and venomous creatures, among 
 which are the Indiaji faiamander, a four 
 Ifjgged InfeiSt, whofe fling is mortal ; the 
 ibivaboca, a fpecies of ferpent about 7 
 yards long, and half a yard in circumfer- 
 ence, whofe poifon Is inflantaneoufly fa- 
 tal ; the rattle fnake attains there an enor- 
 mous 
 
BRA 
 
 BRE 
 
 mous f^'Ze ; the liboyd or roebuck Inake. 
 which authors fay are capable of fwallow- 
 ing a roebuck whole with his horns, being 
 between 20 and 30 feet in length and 6 
 feet in circumference. 'J "here is a num- 
 berlefs variety of fowl, wild and tame in 
 this country. The trade of Brazil is very 
 j>;reat, and increafes every year. They 
 import as many as 40,000 negroes annual- 
 ly. The exports of Brazil are diamonds, 
 gold, fugar, tobacco, hides, drugs and med- 
 icines ; and they receive in return, wool- 
 len goods of all kinds, hnens, laces, lilks, 
 hats, lead, tin, pewter, copper, iron, beef, 
 and cheefe. They alfo receive from Ma- 
 deira, a great quantity of wine, vinegar 
 and brandy ; and from the Azores, 
 £25,000 worth of other liquors. The 
 gold and diamond mines are but a recent 
 difcovery ; they were firft opened in 1681, 
 and have fince yielded above 5,000,000 
 flerling annually, of which a fifth part be- 
 longs to the crown. Thefe, with tlie fugar 
 plantations, occupy fo many hands, that 
 agriculture lies negle<51:ed, and Brazil de- 
 pends upon Europe for its daily bread ; 
 although before the difcovery of thefe 
 mines, the foil was found very fufficient 
 for fubfifting the inhabitants. Tlie dia- 
 monds here are neither fo hard, nor fo 
 dear as thofe of the E. Indies, neither do 
 they fparkle fo much, but they are whiter. 
 I'he BraziHan diamonds are fold 10 per 
 cent cheaper than the oriental ones, fup- 
 pofing the weights to be equal. The 
 crown revenue arifing from this colony, 
 amounts annually to 2,000,000 fterling in 
 gold, if fome late writers are to be credit- 
 ed, betide the duties and cufloms on mer- 
 chandife imported ' from that quarter. 
 This indeed, is more than a fifrh of the 
 precious metal produced by the m.ines ; 
 but every other confequent advantage 
 confidered, it probably does not much ex- 
 ceed the truth. The Portuguefe here 
 live in the mofl effeminate luxury. When 
 people appear abroad they are carried in 
 a kind of cotton hammocks, called ferpen- 
 tines, wiiich are borne on negroes' flioul- 
 ders : fimilar to palanquins in India. The 
 portrait drawn of the manners, cuftoms, 
 and morals of that nation, in America, by 
 judicious travellers, is very far from being 
 favourable. The native Brazilians are 
 about the fize of the Europeans, but not 
 fo ftout. They are fubjedt to fev/er dif- 
 tempers and are long lived. They wear 
 no clothing ; the women wear their hair 
 extremely long, the men cat their's fliort ; 
 the women wear bracelets qf boaes of a 
 
 beautiful white ; the men necklaces of the 
 fame; the women paint their faces,and the 
 m.en their bodies. Though the king of 
 Portugal, as grand mailer of the Order of 
 Chriil, be folely in poiTelTion of the titles, 
 and though the produce of the crufadei 
 belongs entirely to him ; yet in this exten- 
 iive country, fix bilhopricks have been 
 fucceflively founded, which acknowledge 
 for their fuperior, tlie archbifliop of Bo- 
 hia; whichi'eewase{lablifliedini55a. On- 
 ly half of the 16 captainfliips, into which 
 the country is divided, belong to the 
 crown ; the others being fiefs made over 
 to fome of the nobility, who do little more 
 than acknowledge the fovereignty of the 
 king of Portugal. The Portuguefe dif- 
 covered this country in 1500, but did not 
 plant it till the year 1549, when they took 
 pofl"eflion of All Saints Bay, and built the 
 city of St. Salvadore. The Dutch invad- 
 ed Brazil in 1623, and fubdued the north- 
 ei-n provinces ; but the Portuguefe agreed 
 in 1661, to pay the Dutch 8 tons of gold, 
 to reiinquiiia their interelt in this country, 
 which was accepted ; and the Portuguefe 
 remained in peaceable poffeflion of Brazil, 
 till about the end of 1762; when the 
 Spaniili governor of Buenos Ayres, hear- 
 ing of a v^^ar betv.'cen Portugal and Spain, 
 took, after a month's liege, the Portuguefe 
 frontier fortrefs, St. Sacrament ; but by 
 the treaty of peace it was reftored. 
 
 Breahieck Hill, oppofite Butter hill, at 
 the northern entrance of the highlands, in 
 Hudfon R. about 60 miles N of N. York. 
 On the S iide of this hill, about half the 
 diftance as you afv^^nd it, the rocks are fo 
 lituated as to give the fpedlator a tolerable 
 idea of a human face, with a nofc, mouth 
 and double chin, but without a forehead. 
 On the nofe grows a tree of confiderable 
 lize, which has the appearance only of a 
 flirub. 
 
 Breckenridge, a county of Kentucky, con- 
 taining 758 inhabitants, 38 of them are 
 blacks. The court houfe, where a poft 
 officeiskept,is 700 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Brecknock, a townfliip in Lancafler co. 
 Pennfylvania. It is watered by Muddy 
 and Corabio Creeks, and has 744 inhab-. 
 itants. 
 
 Breme, a cape which form.s the S eaflern 
 fide of the mouth of Oroonoke R. oppofite 
 Cape Araya, in S. America. 
 
 B rent 01)^ s Reef, about 3 miles from New-» 
 port, is tlie fouthernmofl: point of Rhode 
 Illand, about 2 miles E of Beaver Tail. 
 Thefe two points form the mouth of New- 
 port harbour. 
 
 BretiUvoocf'f 
 
BRE 
 
 BRE 
 
 BrenitvoiJ, a townfliip in Rockingham 
 «o. N. Hampfliire, having 899 inhabit- 
 ants ; diftant 7 miles W from Exeter, and 
 ^2 from Portfmouth. Vitriol is found 
 here, combined in the fame Aone with 
 fulphur. 
 
 Breton, Cape. The ifland, or rather col- 
 lecStion of i/lands, called by the French 
 Les Ifles dg Madame, which lies fo contigu- 
 ous as that they are commonly called but 
 one, and conjpreliended under the name 
 of the Ifiand of Cape Breton, lies betweei^ 
 iat. 45 a8, and 47 N, and between S9 44> 
 and 61 ap W Ion. and about 45 leagues to 
 the eaftward of Halifax. It is about 109 
 miles in length, and from ao to 84 in 
 breadth ; and is feparated from Nova 
 Scotia, by a narrow flrait, called the Gut 
 t)f Canfo, which is the communication be- 
 tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence. It is furrounded with lit- 
 tle fliarp pointed rocks, feparated from 
 each other by the waves, above which 
 fomc of their tops are vifible, and inter- 
 fecSbed with lakes and rivers. The great 
 Brafs d'Or is a very extenfive fheet of 
 v/atcr which forms into arms and branches, 
 and opens an eafy communication with 
 all parts of the ifland. All its harbours 
 are open to the eaft, turning towards the 
 fouth. On the other parts of the coad 
 there are but a few anchoring places for 
 fmall veflels, in creeks, or between iflets. 
 The harbour of St. Peter's, at the W end 
 of -the ifland, is a very commodious place 
 for carrying on the fifhery. This ifland 
 was conlidered as annexed to Nova Scotia 
 in refpedt to matters of government till 
 1784, when it was ere^led into a fepar- 
 atc government by the name of Sydney. 
 There is a great proportion of arable 
 ]ind on this ifland; and it abounds in 
 timber and hard wood, fuch as pine, 
 beach, birch, maple, fpruce, and fir. Here 
 are about 1000 inhabitants, who have a 
 lieutenant governor refident among them, 
 jippointed by the king. Ifle Madame, 
 which is an appendage to this govern- 
 ment, is fettled for the mod part with 
 French Acadians, about 50 families; whofe 
 chief employment is the fifhery at Afli- 
 inot, the principal harbour in this little 
 ifland. The principal towns are Sydney, 
 the capital, a^d Louilburg, which has the 
 bcft harbour in the ifland. The prefent 
 feat of government is at Sr<'mirn river, on 
 the N fide of the ifland. This ifland may 
 be confidered as the key to Canada, and 
 the very valuable fifhery in its neighbour- 
 hood depends for its protc>^'.ca on the 
 
 poffeflion of this ifland ; as no nation cam 
 carry it on without fome convenient har- 
 bour of ftrength to fupply and protedl it, 
 and Louifburg is the principal one for 
 thefe purpofes. The peltry trade was ev- 
 er a very inconfiderable objetft. It con- 
 filled only in the flcins of a few lynxes, 
 elks, mulk rats, wild cats, bears, otters, 
 and foxes, both of a red, filver, and grey 
 colour. Some of thefe were procured 
 from a colony of Micmac Indians, who 
 had fettled on the ifland with the French, 
 and never could raife more than 60 men 
 able to bear arms. The reft: came from 
 St. John's, or the neighbouring conti- 
 nent. Greater advantages are now de- 
 rived from the coal mines which are 
 lltuated near the entrance of the harbour, 
 I the working of which, and t'ne fifliery, are 
 j the chief employment of the inhabitants. 
 They lie in a horizontal diredtion ; and 
 being no more than 6 or 8 feet below the 
 furface, may be worked without digging 
 deep, or draining off the waters. Not- 
 withftanding the prodigious demand for 
 this coal from N. England, from the year 
 1745 to 1749, thefe mines would proba- 
 bly have been forfaken, had not the fhips 
 which were fent cut to the French iflands 
 wanted ballafl. In one of thefe mines, a 
 fire has been kindled, which could never 
 yet be extinguillied. Thefe mines yield 
 a revenue of jria,ooo yearly to' the 
 crown. In 1743, w:hile this ifland belong- 
 ed to the French, they caught 1,149,000 
 quintals of dry fifli, and 3,500,000 do. of 
 mud fifli, the value of both which, includ- 
 ing 3,116^ tons of train oil, drawn from 
 the blubber, amounted to £()i6,S']7 lo/" 
 flerhng, according to the prime coft of the 
 fifii at Newfoundland. The whole value 
 of this trade, annually, at that period, 
 amounted to a million fterling. No lefs 
 than 564 fliips, bcfide fliallops, and 27,000 
 feamen, were employed in this trade. At 
 prefent the inhabitants of this ifland take 
 about 30,000 quintals of fith, annually, 
 which are fliipped for Spain and the 
 Straits, principally by merchants from 
 Jcrfey (in England) who yearly refort 
 here, and keep fk)res of fuppiics for the 
 fiiliermen. Though fome fifliermen had 
 long rcfcrted to this iJland every fr.mmer, 
 the French, who took poffeflion^of it in 
 Auguft, 1713, were properly the firfl fet- 
 tled inhabitants. They changed its name 
 into that oi JJli; Royak, and fixed upon 
 Forf Dauphin for their principal fettle- 
 ment. In 1720, t'ne fortifications of Lcu- 
 ifourg were begun. Th^ other fettle- 
 men ts 
 
BRI 
 
 BRl 
 
 mcnts were at Port Touloufe, Neruka, &c. 
 The ifland remained in the poiiefllon of 
 the French till 1745, when it was captur- 
 ed by the N. England militia under the 
 command of William Pepperell, Efq. a 
 colonel of the militiaj and a fquadron un- 
 der commodore Warren. It v/as i;ifter- 
 wards reftored to the French, and again 
 taken in 1758, by admiral Bofcawen and 
 general Amherft, when the garrifon, con- 
 lifting of 5600 men, were made prifoners ; 
 and II men of war in the harbour, were 
 either taken, funk, burnt or deftroyed ; 
 and it was ceded to Great Britain by the 
 peace of 176.3. 
 
 Breiver, a ftrait in the Magellanic fea, 
 about the ifland called Staten Land, Avhich 
 parts it from the ftraits Le Maire. It was 
 difcovered by the Dutch navigator Brew- 
 er, about the year 1643. 
 
 Brezvcrs Ha-jen, a good harbour, at the 
 N end of the iiland of Chiloe, on the coafl: 
 of Chili, in S. America, and in the S. Sea. 
 Lat. 4% 30, Ion. 74 W. 
 
 BrcLvhigton Fort, N. York, and at the 
 W end of Lake Oneida, about 24 miles S 
 E from Fort Of w ego. 
 
 Briar Crrek, a water of Savannah R. in 
 Georgia. Its mouth is about 50 miles S E 
 by S from Augufta, and 55 N wefterly 
 from Savannah. Here Gen. Prevoft de- 
 feated a party of aooo American?, under 
 Gen. Afli, May 3, 1779 ; they had above 
 300 killed and taken, befide a great num- 
 ber drov/ned in the river and fwamps. 
 The whole artillery, baggage and ftores 
 were taken. 
 
 Bridgeport, a thriving village between 
 Stratford and Fairfield, in Fairfield co. 
 ConnetSlicut, where a poll: office is kept, 
 304 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Bridgetoivn, a poft town In Cumberland 
 CO. Maine, 40 miles N W Portland, E of 
 Fryeburg. It contains 646 inhabitants. 
 Bridgetown confifts of large hills and val- 
 iles : the highland affords red oak, which 
 are often 3 feet, and fometimes four, in di- 
 ameter ; and 60 or 70 feet without any 
 branches. The vailies are covered with 
 rock maple, bafs, afli, birch, pine and hem- 
 lock. There is a curiofity to be feen in 
 Long Pond, which lies moftly in Bridge- 
 town, which may afford matter of fpecu- 
 lation to the natural philofopher. On the 
 eaflerly fide of the pond is a cove which 
 extends about ico rods farther E than the 
 general courfe of the fliore, the bottom Is 
 clay, and fo flioal that a man may wade 
 50 rods into the pond. On tlie bottom of 
 this cove are ftones of various fizes, wliich, 
 
 it is evident from various circumflancei^ 
 have an annual motion to\\ ards the fliore j 
 the proof of this is the mark or track left 
 behind them, and the bodies of clay driv- 
 en up before them. Some of thefe ftone* 
 are % or 3 tons weight, and have left a 
 track of ieveral rods behind them ; hav- 
 ing at lead: a common cart load of clay- 
 before them. The fliore of the cove is 
 lined with thefe ftones, which, it would 
 feem, have crawled out of the water. See 
 Sebago Pond. 
 
 Bridgsto-zvn, a poH: town in Kent co. Ma- 
 ryland, izo miles N E from Wafliington, 
 and 45 E of Baltimore, on the E line ©f 
 the State. 
 
 Bridgetaivn, the chief town in Cumber- 
 land CO. N. Jerfey, lies on both fides Co- 
 hanzie Creek, 7,0 miles from its mouth ; 
 veffels of 1 00 tons can come up here. It 
 is .50 miles S S E of Philadelphia, 80 S bj 
 E from Tx-enton. 
 
 Bridgetoivn, IV, a. pofl town in Cumber- 
 land CO. N. Jerfey, on Cohanzie Creek, ^S 
 miles S of Philadelphia, and 185 front 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Bridgetoivn, a poft town in Queen Ann 
 CO. Maryland, lies on the weilern fide of 
 Tuckahoe Creek, 8 miles E from Centre- 
 ville, as far S E from Church Hill, and 65 
 S W from Philadelphia. 
 
 Bridgetoivn, in the ifland of Antlg^ua, 
 See Willoughby Bay. 
 
 Bridgetoivn, the metropolis of the ifland 
 of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies, lying in 
 the S W part of the illand, and in the par- 
 ifli of St. Michael. It is fituated in the 
 innermoft part of Carlifle bay, which is 
 large enough to contain 5C0 lliips, being 
 i| league long and one broad ; but the 
 bottom is foul and apt to cut the cables. 
 This city was burnt down April 18, 
 1668. Itfuffered alio greatly by fires on 
 Feb. 8, 1756, May 14, 1766, and Dec. 
 a7, 1 767, at which times the greateft part 
 of the tov/n v/as deflroyed ; before thefe 
 fires it had 1500 houfes, moftly brick, very 
 elegant, and faid to be the finefl and larg- 
 efc in all the Caribbee illands ; the town 
 has lince been rebuilt- The flreets are 
 broad, the houfes high, and there is alfo 
 a Cheapfide, where the rents are as high 
 as thole in London. It has a college, 
 founded, and liberally endowed by Col. 
 Codrington, the only inftitution of the 
 kind in the W. Indies ; but it does not 
 appear that its fuccefs has anfwered the 
 defigns of the founder. The town h;is 
 commodious wharves for loading and un- 
 loading goods, aad is- well defended by a 
 
 number 
 
feki 
 
 Bki 
 
 number efforts ; but it is I'cry fubjeA to 
 hurricanes. As the wind generally blows 
 from the E or N E, the E part of the town 
 Is called the windward, and the W part 
 leeward. TJhe number of militia for 
 Bridgetown and St. Michael's pi-ecinc^ is 
 1200 men, who are called the royal regi- 
 ment of foot guards. This is the feat of 
 the governor, council, aflcmbly, and court 
 of chancery. About a mile from town to 
 the N K the governor has a fine feat built 
 / by the a/Tenibly, called Pilgrhus. The 
 
 church is as large as many cathedrals, has 
 a noble organ, and a ring of bells, with a 
 curious clock. Here are large and elegant 
 taverns, eating houfes, &c. and packet 
 boats have lately been edabliflied to carry 
 letters to and from Great Britain mmithly. 
 N lat. 13 91 W Ion. 60 %h This was 
 the ftate of the capital of Barbadoes in 
 the fummer of 1780. It had fcarcely rifen 
 from the afnes to which it had been redu- 
 ced by the dreadful fires already mention- 
 ed, when it was torn from its foundations, 
 a«d the whole country made a fcene of 
 defolation, by the ftorm of the 10th of 061. 
 1780, in which above 4000 of the inhabit- 
 ants miferably periflied ; the force of the 
 ■wind was then fo great, as not only to 
 blow down the flrongefl: walls, but even 
 lifted fome pieces of cannon off the ram- 
 p-Mls and carry them fome yards dift- 
 ancc ; and the damage to the country in 
 general was eftimated at £ 1,320,504-15 
 fterling, and it is fcarcely yet reflored to 
 its former fplendor. 
 
 Bridg^eivoter, a townfliip in Grafton co. 
 N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1769, and 
 contains 664 inhabitants. 
 
 Bridgcivater, a townfliip in Somerfet co. 
 N. Jerfey, which contained in 1790, 2578 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Bricf'-eivater^ a pofl: town in Plymouth 
 CO. Maffachufetts, containing 5200 in- 
 habitants ; 5 miles N E from'Raynham ; 
 about 30 miles E of S from Bofton, in 
 which large quantities of hard ware, nails, 
 &c. aremanufaAured. 
 
 Bridgezvater, a townfliip in "VVindfor co. 
 Vermont, about S5 miles N E of Benning- 
 ton. It has two rcKgious focieties, one 
 baptiO:, one congregational. It has one 
 griftmill, one fulling mill,and fix faw mills. 
 It is watered by Quechy river and its 
 branches. A quarry of marble, and a bed 
 of iron ore have been found here. It has 
 780 inhabitants, and was incorporated 
 1785- 
 
 Bndport, a townfliip in Addifon co. Ver- 
 mont, on the E lliore of Lake Ckamplain, 
 
 oppofite Crown Point, and W of Middle- 
 bury. 
 
 Briery R. a fmall ftream which runs into 
 the Appomatox, in Prince Edward co. 
 Virginia. 
 
 Brigantitie Inlet, on the coafc of N. Jerfey, 
 between Great and Little Egg Harbour. 
 
 Brhnfield, a townfliip ill Hamplliire co. 
 MalTachufetts, having 1384 inhabitants ; 
 34 miles S E of Nortfiampton, and 70 W 
 of Bo Ron. 
 
 BrioH JJle, one of the Magdalene mara- 
 time ifics in the gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Brijlol, a poiUown in Lincolnco. Maine, 
 having 206 2 inhabitants ; diftant 204 iniies 
 N E from Bofton, and 15 S E of WifcafTet. 
 
 Brifol, a county in the fouthern part of 
 Maffachufetts, E of a part of the ftate of 
 Rhode ifland. It has 15 towafhips, of 
 which Taunton is the chief; and 33,830 
 inhabitants. The great fachem Phillip 
 refided here ; [fee Raynham'] ; and it was 
 called by the Indians Patvkunnaiviutt ; 
 from, which the nation derived the name ; 
 but were lometimes ftyled the Wamponoags. 
 
 Brijiol Co. in Rhode Ifland, contains the 
 townlliips of Briltol, Warren, and Bar- 
 rington ; having 3801 inhabitants. It has 
 Briilol CO. in Maffachufetts, on the N E, 
 and Mount Hope bay E. 
 
 Brijhl, a feaport aild pcft town, and 
 chief of the above county. It is about 3 
 miles from the N end of Rhode I. connect- 
 ed by a ferry about half a mile broad : 1 3 
 : miles northerly from Newport, 24 S E 
 from Providence, and 63 from Bofton. 
 Briftol fulTered greatly by tlie ravages of 
 the late war ; but is now in a very flour- 
 ifliing xiate, having 1678 inhabitants. It 
 is beautiful for iituation, healthful climate, 
 rich foil, and a commodious, fafe harbour. 
 Onions, in confiderable quantities, and a 
 variety of provifions and garden roots and 
 vegetables are raifed here for exportation. 
 N lat. 40 40. 
 
 Brijiol, a townfliip in Plartford co. Con- 
 nedlicut, 16 miles W of the city of 
 Hartford. 
 
 BriJlol, a pofl: town in Bucks ccw Penn- 
 fylvania, 1 1 miles S S E from Newtown, 
 and 20 N E from Philadelphia. It Hands 
 on Delaware R. oppofite Burlington, in N. 
 Jerfey ; and has about 50 or 60 houfes. 
 It is a great tlioroughfare, and is noted 
 for its mills of feveral kinds. 
 
 BriJlol, a townfliip in Philadelphia co. 
 
 Briftol, a fmall town in Charles co. 
 Maryland. 
 
 BriJlol, a pcil: town in Addifon co. Ver- 
 mont, 10 miks E of Vergeni:es. 
 
 Brifoh 
 
BRI 
 
 # B R I 
 
 Br'f.ol, a town in Schoharie co. N.York, 
 About 20 miles S of Schoharie ; incorpo- 
 rated in 1797. 
 
 BrijM Bay, on the N W coaft of N. Amer- 
 ica, is formed bv the peninfula of Alaflca 
 on the S and S E, and by Cape Newnham 
 on the N ; and is very broad and capa- 
 cious. A river of the fame name runs in- 
 to it from the E. 
 
 Britain, Neiv. The country lying round 
 Hadfon bay, or the country of the Efqui- 
 maux, comprehending I-,abrador, New 
 North and South Wales, lias obtained tiie 
 general name of New Britain, and is at- 
 tached to the government of l^ower Can- 
 ada. A fuperintendant of trade, appoint- 
 ed by the governor general of tiie four 
 Britifli provinces, and r^fponfible to liim, 
 refides at Labrador. The principal rivers 
 which water this countrj'-, are the Wager, 
 Monk, Seal, Pockerekefko, Churchill, 
 Nelfon, Hayes, New Severn, Albany and 
 Moofe rivers, all which empty into Hud- 
 fon and James' bay, from t!ie W and S. 
 The mouths of all the rivers are filled 
 with llioals, except Churchill's, in which 
 the largeO: fliips may lie ; but ten miles 
 higher the channel is obftructed by fand 
 banks. All the rivers, as far as they have 
 been explored, are full of rapids and cat- 
 aracfls, from 10 to 60 feet perpendicular, 
 Down thefe rivers the Indian traders find 
 a quick pafiage ; but their return is a la- 
 bour of many months. Copper Mine, 
 and Mc Kennies rivers, fall into tlie N. 
 Sea. As far inland as the Hudfon Bay 
 company have fettlemcnts, w^hich is 600 
 miles to the weft of fort Churchill, at a 
 place called Hudfon Houfe, lat. S2>^ !""• 
 106 27 W from London, is flat country; 
 nor is it known how far to the eaftward, 
 the great chain feen by navigators from 
 the Pacific ocean, branches ofF. From 
 Moofe river, or the bottom of the Bay, 
 to Cape Churchill, the land is flat, marfny 
 and wooded with pines, birch, larch and 
 willows. From Cape Churchill, to Wag- 
 er's river, the coafts are high and rocky 
 to the very fea, and woodlefs, except the 
 mouths of Pockerekefko and Seal rivers. 
 The hills on their back are naked, nor are 
 there any trees for a great diftance inland. 
 The eaftern coaft is barren, paft the efforts 
 of cultiv^ation. The furface is every where 
 uneven, and covered with mjtfTes of ftone 
 of an amazing fize. It is a country of 
 barren vallies and frightful- mountains, 
 fome of an aftonifliing height. The val- 
 lies 3 re full of lakes, formed not of f"p rings, 
 \>uX. rain and fhow, fo chilly as to be pro- 
 VoL. I. H 
 
 ducti ve of fmall trout and a few ether f./li. 
 The mountains have here and there a 
 blighted flirub, or a little mofs. 1 he val- 
 lies are full of crooked, ilinted trees, pines, 
 fir, birch, and cedars, or rather a fpecies 
 of the juniper. In lat. 60, on the-coaff, 
 vegetation ceafes. The whole ihore,like 
 that on the weft, is faced with iJlands at 
 feme diftance fiom land. As difmal and 
 frozen as thefe regiouJ are, tliey are be- 
 coming ftill more cold and intolerable. 
 The ferefts here are furrounded v/ith 
 ftunvps and old dead trees for 20 miles 
 and more. The fturdy woods bow to the 
 ftorms ; the winds and fnov/o forbid them 
 to rife. There was an intercourfe be- 
 tween Denmark and Greenland from the 
 tenth to the fifteenth century, when the 
 Greenlanders became imprifoncd by the 
 increafe of arctic ice. Ihus wliiie other 
 climes are becoming more mild, the north 
 part o' N. America is more inholpitablc, 
 and frightful. The laudable zeal of the 
 Aloravian clergy induced them, in the 
 year 1752, to fend mifhcnaries ivcj\. 
 Greenland to this country. I'liey fixed 
 on Nefoit's harbour for their feitlement ; 
 but of the fu-ft party, fome of them were 
 killed, and the others driven away. la 
 1764, under the proteAion of the BritifTi 
 government, another attempt was made. 
 'Fhe mifTionaries were well received by 
 tjie Efquimaux, and the mifhon goes on 
 with fuccefs. The knowledge oi thefe 
 northern feas and countries was owing 
 to a projecTt ftarted in England for the dif- 
 covery of a N W pafTage to China and 
 the Eaft Indies, as early as the year 1756- 
 Since then it has been frequently dropped 
 and as often revived, but never yet com- 
 pleted. Frobiflier, about the year 1576, 
 difcovercd the Main of New Britain, or 
 Terra de Labrador, and thofe ftralts to 
 which he has given his name. In 1585, 
 John Davis failed from Portfmouth, and 
 viev.-ed tliat ar d the more northern coafts, 
 but he feems never to have entered the 
 bay. Hudfon made three voyages on the 
 fame adventure, the firft in 1607, the 
 fecond in 1608, and his third and laft in 
 1610. This bold and judicious navigator 
 entered the ftraits that lead into the bay 
 known by his name, coafted a great pajt 
 of it, and penetrated to eighty degreis 
 and a half, into the heart of tlje frozen 
 zone. His ardor for the difcovery not 
 being abated by the difficulties he ftrug- 
 gled with in this empire of winter, and 
 world of froft and fnow, he ftayed here 
 until the eniuing fpring, and prepared, in 
 
 the. 
 
BRI 
 
 B RI 
 
 iKe beginning of i6n, to purfue his dif- 
 coveries,but his crew, who fufFered equal 
 hardfliips, without the famefpirit tofup- 
 port them, mutinied, feizcd upon him ajid 
 fevcn of thofe who were moft faithful to 
 iiim, and committed them to the fury of 
 the icy fcas, in an open boat. Hudfon 
 and his companions were either fwallow- 
 td up by the waves, or gaining the inhof- 
 pitablc coall, were deftroyed by the fav- 
 ages ; but the fhip and tlie reft of the 
 men returned home. Though the ad- 
 venturers failed in the original purpofe 
 for which they navigated Hudfon bay, 
 yet the proje(£t, even in its failure, has 
 been of great advantage to England. The 
 vafl countries which furround Hudfon 
 bay, abound with animals, whofe fur and 
 ilcins are excellent, fn 1670, a charter 
 was granted to the Hudfon bay company, 
 which does not confift of above 9 or 10 
 pcrfons, for the excluuve trade to this 
 bay, and they have adled under it ever 
 fince, with great benefit to the individuals 
 •who compofe the company, though com- 
 paratively with little advantage to Brit- 
 ain. The company employ 4 fliips, and 
 130 feamen. They have feveral forts, 
 viz. Prince of Wales fort, Churchill river, 
 Nelfon, New Severn, Albany, on the W 
 fide of the bay, and are garrifoned by 186 
 men. The French, in May, 178^, took 
 and deftroj'cd thefe forts, and' the fettle- 
 ments, &c. faid to amount to the value of 
 jr.500,000. They export commodities to 
 the value of £.16,000, and carry hom.e 
 returns to the value of ;C-^9i340' ^vhich 
 yield to the revenue £.37^4. This in- 
 cludes the fifhery in Hudfon's bay. The 
 only attempt to trade to that part which 
 is called Labrador, has been directed to- 
 wards the fifliery. The annual produce 
 of the fiiliery amounts to upwards of 
 /^. 49,000. See E/qiumaux. The whole of 
 the fettlements in New Britain, including 
 fuch as have been mentioned, are as fol- 
 low, which fee under their refpedlive 
 heads : Abbitibbi, Frederick, Eafl: Main, 
 and Brunfwick houfcs ; Moofe fort ; Hen- 
 ley, Gloucefler, and Ofnaburg houfes ; 
 and a houfe on Winnipeg lake ; Severn, 
 or Nezv Si'vern ; York fort, or Nelfon ; 
 Churchills fort, or Prince of Wales fort i 
 South Branch, Hudfon's, Mancheflcr, and 
 Buckingham houfes : the lafl is the weft- 
 crnmoft fectlement, and lately erecVed. 
 
 Britain, Ne-w, a large ifland in the Pa- 
 cific ocean, lying N E of Dampier's ftraits, 
 between 4 and 7 S lat. and 146 and 149 
 E Ion= from Paris. Its N point is called 
 
 Cape Stephen's ; its E point Cape Ox- 
 ford ; and a bay about the middle of its 
 eaftcrn coaft, is called Port Montague. 
 1 hefe names were given by Capt. Carte- 
 ret, who vifited thjs ifland in 1767, and. 
 found it much fmaller than wasfuppofed 
 by Dampier, who firft difcoveredit to be 
 an ifland. There is nothing yet difcov-r 
 ered peculiarly difFercnt in its produc- 
 tions or its inhabitants, from thofe of the 
 other iflands in its neighbourhood. It has 
 the appearance of a mountainous country, 
 and is covered with large and ftattly trees. 
 It is furrounded Avith many fertile iflands, 
 mcfl: of which are faid to yield abundance 
 of plantain and cocoa nut trees. 
 
 Britijb America. Under the general 
 ^ame of Britifb America, we comprehend 
 the vafl extent of country, bounded S by 
 the United States of America, and the 
 Atlantic ocean ; E by the fame ocean and 
 Davis's flraits, which divide it from 
 Greenland ; extending N to the northern 
 limits of Hudfon bay charter ; and weft- 
 ward indefinitely; lying between 4^30 
 and 70 N lat. and between 50 and 96 W 
 Ion. from Greenwich. Britifli America is 
 divided into four provinces, viz. i. Upper 
 Canada ; 1. Lower Canada, to which is 
 annexed New Britain, or the country ly- 
 ing round Hudfon bay, and the ifland of 
 Cape Breton ; which ifland, in 1784, was 
 formed into a feparate government by 
 the name of Sydney. 3. New Brunfwick ; 
 4. Nova Scotia, to which is annexed the 
 ifland of St. John's. Befide thefe, there 
 is the ifland of Newfoundland, which is 
 governed by the admiral for the time be- 
 ing, and two lieutenant governors, who 
 relide at Placentia and St. John's. The 
 troops ftationed at Newfoundland, how- 
 ever, are fubjedl to the orders of the gov- 
 ernor general of the four BritiOi prov- 
 inces. The number of people in the 
 whole of the northern Britifli colonies is 
 perhaps 160,000 or i8o,oco. Since the 
 four provinces have been put under a 
 general governor ; the governor of each 
 is ftyltd lieutenant governor. I'he reli- 
 dencc of the general governor is at Que- 
 bec. The river St. Lawrence remains 
 ufually locked up ope half of the year ; 
 and although, in 1754, it was confidently 
 faid, that the Britifli provinces would be 
 able in three years to fupply all the Wefi 
 Indies with lumber and provifions, yet it 
 was found necefTary to import lumber and 
 provifions into Nov^ Scotia, from the U. 
 States. Thus, in 1790, there were fliip- 
 pcd from the U. S. to Nova Scotia, alone, 
 
 1 4c jOOC 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 540,cco ftavcs and heading; 924,980 feet 
 of hoards; 285,000 fhingles, and 16,000 
 hoops; 40,000 bbls. of bread and flour, 
 and 80,000 bufhels of grain, beyond her 
 own confumption. Newfoundland fur- 
 niflied the Britifli W. Indies with 806,459 
 quintals of iilli, on an average of four 
 years, ending with 1786. The only pro- 
 viftons exported to Jamaica, from Canada, 
 Nova Scotia, and St. John's, between 3d 
 of April, 1 78J, and 26th of October, 1784, 
 Were 180 bulliels of potatoes, and 751 
 hhds. and about 500 bbls. of faked fifli. 
 Of lumber, the quantity was 510,088 
 feet ; 20 bundles of hoops ; and 301,324 
 fliingles ; and on an average of 5 years, 
 from 1768 to 1772, the whole exports to 
 Jamaica, from Canada, Nova Scotia, and 
 St. John's, w^ere cmly ;i7, bbls of flour, 7 
 hhds. of fifli, 8 bbls. of oil, 3 bbls of tar, 
 pitch and turpentine ; 36,000 flvingles 
 and ftaves, and 27,235 feet of lumber. 
 From the cuflom houfe returns it appears 
 that of I2c8 cargoes of lumber and pro- 
 vifions imported from N.America, to the 
 Britifli fugar colonies, in 1772, only 7 of 
 thofe cargoes were from Canada and Nova 
 Scotia ; and that of 701 topfaii veflcls and 
 1681 floops, which had cleared outwards 
 from N.America, to the Britifli, and for- 
 eign, W. Indies, only 2 of the topfaii vef- 
 fels, and 11 of the floops were from thefc 
 provinces : and it has been proved, that 
 in the years 1779, 1780, 1781, and 1782, 
 the fcarcity in Canada had been fuch, as 
 to occafion the export of all bread, wheat, 
 and flour, to be prohibited by authority ; 
 and in 1784, when a parliamentary in- 
 quiry took place concerning what fupplies 
 the W. Indies might expe6t from Canada 
 and Nova Scotia, a fliip in the river 
 Thames was adlually loading with flour 
 for Quebec. Edivards. 
 
 Broadalhin, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 CO. N. York, a'uout 20 miles W of Ball- 
 town Springs. 
 
 Broad Bay ^ in Maine, lies on the line of 
 Lincoln and Hancock counties, bounded 
 by Pemaquid Point on the W, and Pieaf- 
 anc Point on the E. On the fliorc of this 
 bay was an ancient Dutch fettlement. 
 
 Broadjleld, a port town in Weflmoreland 
 CO. Virginia, 96 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 BroadkilL a pofl: town in Suflex co. Del- 
 aware, 166 miles from Wafliingcon, and 
 about 10 N of Lewi flown. 
 
 Broad Rimer y is an arm of the fea, which 
 extends along the W and N W fldes of 
 Beaufort or Port Royal idand, on the 
 coaft of S. Carolina, and receives Coofa 
 
 from the N W. Coofa R. may likewife 
 be called an arm of the fea ; its waters 
 extend N weflward, and meet thofe of 
 Broad R.round a fmall illand at the mouth 
 of Coofa Ha tehee R. Thefe two arms 
 embrace all the iflands between Comba- 
 hee R. and Dawfuflcee found, with which 
 alfo Broad R. communicates. Channel, 
 between Broad R. and Coofa form the 
 i Hands The entrance througli Broad R. 
 to Beaufort harbour, one of the beft in 
 the ftate, is between Hilton's Head and 
 St. Phillips point. 
 
 Broad River, or ChcrakeehaiVy3. water of 
 Savannah R. from the Georgia fldc. It 
 empties into the Savannah at Petcrfburg. 
 At a trifling cxpenfc, it mJght be made 
 boatable 25 or 30 miles through the bcfl: 
 fettlements in Willces county. 
 
 Broad Riiier^ in S. Carolina, rifcs by 3 
 branches from the N W, viz. the Enno- 
 ree, Tiger, and Packolct ; which unite 
 about 40 miles above the mouth of Saluda 
 R. which, with Broad R. forms Congartc 
 R. Broad R. may be rendered navigable 
 30 miles in N.. Carolina. 
 
 Broken Arrciv-, or Clay Catjla, an Indian 
 town in the Creek country, in Weft Flori- 
 da, on the W flde of Chata Uche R. 12 
 miles below the Cufiatah and Coweta 
 towns, where the river is fordablc. See 
 Cciieta, and Flint R. 
 
 Broo?nley, a townfliip in Bennington co. 
 Vermont, about 32 miles Neafterly from 
 Bennington. It has 71 inhabitants. 
 
 Broomlcy, a town in Somerfet co. N. Jer- 
 fey, about 20 miles N W of Brunfwick. 
 
 Broolfeld, a poft town in Worcefler co. 
 Maflachufetts, is among the firft towns as 
 to age, wealth, and numbers, in the coun- 
 ty ; containing 3284 inhabitanrs. The 
 gi-eat poft road from Bofton to N. York 
 runs through it. It is 64 miles W of Bof- 
 ton and 18 W of Worcefler. The Indian 
 name of this town was ^aboag. The 
 river which ftill retains the name pafTcs 
 through it ; and,like its other flreams and 
 ponds, abounds with various kinds of fifli. 
 There are feveral ponds in the town, 3 
 congregational meeting hcufes, and one 
 for Baptifts. Here is iron ore, and large 
 quantities of flone which yield copperas, 
 and have a flrong vitriolic quality. This 
 town was fettled by people from Ipfwich, 
 in 1660, and v.-as incorporated in 1673. 
 Brookfdd^ a townfliip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, 20 miles W S W of Newbury. 
 
 Broolfeld, a town in Chenengo co. N. 
 York; it has 1973 iuhaihitants, 25 miles S 
 of Whitcflown. 
 
 BrodHslJ. 
 
B RO 
 
 B RO 
 
 Brcolfield^s. poft town in Fairfield co. 
 Connecticut, 6 miles N N E fromDanbury. 
 Broohfiddt a town in Eifex co. N. York, 
 taken tro:n the S part of Wiilfborough, 
 fuuated N of Elizribethtown, on the W 
 Lank of Lake Champiain. 
 
 BrGokincriony a poit town in Amelia co. 
 Virginia, 182 miles S S W from VValliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Brook, a CO. in Virginia, 305 miles from 
 Wafliington. It has 4418 white inhabit- 
 ants and 288 blacks. 
 
 Bronibaven, a pofl: town in Suffolk CO. 
 Long I. N. York, containing 4122 inhab- 
 itants. 'I'he conipail part of the town 
 contains about 40 houfes, an Epifcopalian, 
 arxd a Prefhyterian cJiurch. It is 60 miles 
 E of N. York ; oppolite N. Kaven. 
 
 Bi-joklinc, a [X)ft: to\^n in Kings co. N. 
 York, on the W end of Long I. having 
 2378 inhabitants. Here are an Epifco- 
 pal, a Dutch Reformed and a Metbodifl 
 church ; a ropewalk on a large fcale, and 
 the moft approved machinery ; a powder 
 magazine, and f<)me elegant houfes, which 
 He chieflv on one ftreet. Eaft R. near a 
 mile broad, feparates the town from N. 
 York. It is well fituated for fliip build- 
 ing, having the advantage of very deep 
 water along Its fiiore. Several flilps have 
 been built here ; others are in forward- 
 nefs. A bloody battle was fought in this 
 town, Aug. 27, 1 776, vv^hen the Americans 
 were defeated by theliritiihwith great lofs. 
 
 Brool'line, a poll town in Wiixlham co. 
 Conne(fticut, about 20 miles N of Nor- 
 wich. In this town is the famous cave in 
 which Gen. Putnam fliot the wolf. It Is a 
 fertile towntlaip, has a congregatu)nal 
 meeting houfe, and a church for Epifco- 
 pa'ians. Inhabitants 1202. 
 
 BrGokl'ine, a town in Hillfborough co. N. 
 HampfliIre, 65 miles W by S from Portf- 
 mouth. 
 
 BrovU'mey OT Brooklyn ■, a pleafant town of 
 Norfolk CO. Maflachufetts, of about 60 or 
 70 families, between Cambridge and Rox- 
 burV; and feparated from Bolton on the 
 B by a narrow bay, which fets up S from 
 Charles river, and peninfulates Bolton. 
 Large quantities of fruits, roots, and other 
 vegetables are produced in this town for 
 the Bofton market. It is a place where 
 gentlemen of fortune and information, 
 retiring from public life, may enjoy 
 otium cum dhn'itaU. It has 605 Inhabitants. 
 
 Brook-ville, H poft town in Montgomery 
 CO. Maryland, 20 miles N W from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 BrethertQ?}, an Indian vllbge adjoining 
 
 Ne\v Stockbridge, (N. York) inJiabltedby 
 about 150 Indians, who migrated froni 
 diflerent parts of Connc^Slicut, under the 
 care of the Rev. Mr. Occum. Thefc In- 
 dians receive an annuity of 2160 dollars, 
 which fum is partly appropriated to the 
 purpofe of maintaining a fchool, and part- 
 ly to compenfate a fuperintendant, to 
 tranfacl: their bufincfs, and to difpofe of 
 the remainder of their money for their 
 benefit. 
 
 Bi'otighton JJland, lies at the mouth of AI- 
 atamaha R. in Georgia, and belonged to 
 the late Henry Laurens, Efq. 'J"he S chan- 
 nel, after its feparation from the N dc- 
 fcends gently, winding by Mclntofli's and 
 Broughton il[iands,in its way to the ocean 
 through St. Simon's found. 
 
 Brozv/ifidJy a fmall fcttlement in York 
 CO. Maine, which, together with Suncock, 
 contains 250 inhabitants. 
 
 Broivnjhur^, a tov/n in Rockbridge co. 
 Virginia, containing 20 or 30 houfes : dif- 
 tant about 15 miles from Lexington N E, 
 and 1 7 from Staunton S W. 
 
 Broiv.i's Sound, is fituated on the N W 
 ccaft of N. America, in N lat. 55 18, W 
 Ion. from Greenwich 132 20. Itwas thus 
 named by Capt. Gray, In 1791, in honour 
 of Samuel Brown, Efq. of Eoflon. I'he 
 lands on the E lide of this found are tol- 
 erably level ; but on the W mountains rife, 
 whofe fummits out top the clouds, and 
 whofe wintry garb gives them a dreary 
 afpe(5t. The land Is well timbered with 
 various forts of pines» The animals in the 
 vicinity are deer, wolves, fea otters and 
 feals. The fifli — falmon, halibut, and a 
 fpecies of cod, &c. Ducks, brants, fliags, 
 &c. are here in plenty in fununer. 
 
 BroxvnfvUh, a poll town in Oneida co. 
 N. York, on Black river, N bank, near its 
 mouth in Lake Ontario, 590 miles from 
 Walhington. 
 
 Broivfifvillc, or Redjlone Old fori, is a 
 flourilliing poft tcAvn in Fayette co. Penn- 
 fylvania ; on the S eastern bank of Mo- 
 uongahela R. between Dunlap and Red- 
 ftone creeks ; and next to Pittiburg is th« 
 molt conliderable town in the weftern 
 parts of the itate. The town is regularly 
 laid out, contains about ico houfes, aii 
 Epifcopahan, and Roman Catholic churchy 
 a brev/ery and diitiilery. It Is conneded 
 with Bridgeport, a fmall village on the op- 
 polite iide of Dunlap creek, by a bridge 
 260 feet long. Witliin a few miles of the 
 town are 4 Friend's meeting houfes, 24 
 grilt, faw, oil, and fulling mills. The trade 
 and emigration ro Kentucky, employ boat. 
 V, buildcrii 
 
BRU 
 
 hRU 
 
 iHiiiders here very profitably ; above lOO 
 boats of 20 tons each, are built annually. 
 Byrd's A^'ort formerly ftood here, on tiie S 
 fide of the ir^outh of Redllione Creek, in 
 Nlat. 39 58, W Ion. 81 12^; 37 miles 
 foutherly from Pittfburg ; 13 S by E of 
 Wafliington, and 341 W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Broylc, a harbour, cape, aud fettlement 
 on the E fide of Newfoundland I. 15 
 miles N E from the fettlement of Aqua- 
 fort, and 30 S wefterly frum St. John's, 
 the capital. 
 
 Bniiifiuich, a maritime county in Wil- 
 mington diflridt, N. Carolina, containing 
 4H0 inhabitants, of v/hom 1614 ^re flaves. 
 It io the mofl foutherly county of the flatc, 
 having S. Carolina on the S W and bound- 
 ed by Cape Fear R. on the E. Smithville 
 is the feat of juftlce. In this county is 
 Wakkamaw Lake, a beautiful piece of 
 water 7 miles long, 5 wide. 
 
 Briinjivick^ the,!chief town in the above 
 county, fituated on the W fide of Cape 
 Fear R. It was formerly the beft built in 
 the whole ftate, and carried on the mofi: 
 extenlive trade. It lies 30 miles above 
 the capes-, about 9 miks N of Fort John- 
 Ion, 17 b E of Wilmington, and was for- 
 merly the feat of government. In 1780, 
 it was burnt down by the Britifli, and has 
 now only 3 or 4 houfes and an elegant 
 church in ruins. 
 
 Brutif'wick, a townfliip in EfTex co. Ver- 
 mont, on the W bank of Connecticut R. 
 oppofite Stratford, in N. Hampfliire. 
 
 Briinfivkk, a city in Middlefex co. N. 
 Jerfey, on the S W bank of Raritan R. in 
 a low fituation ; the mofl: of the houfes be- 
 ing built under a hill which rifes W of the 
 town. It has about 300 houfes, and about 
 3000 inhabitants, one half of whom are 
 Dutch. Queen's College v/as in this city, 
 but is now extinA as a place of infiruc- 
 tion. There is a confiderable inland 
 trade carried on here. One of the mofl 
 elegant and expenfive bridges in America, 
 has been built over the river oppofite this 
 city. It containi5 3 churches, i for Epifco- 
 palians, i for the reformed Low Dutch, 
 I for the Prefbyterians. Erunfv/ick is 18 
 miles N E of Princetown, 60 N E from 
 Philadelphia, and t^s S W from N. York, 
 N lat. 40 30, W Ion. 74 30. 
 
 Bruiififick^ a poft town in Cumberland 
 CO. Maine, contains 1809 inhabitants, and 
 lies NE of Portland 30 miles, and of Bol- 
 ton 151. It is in N lat. 43 5a, on the S 
 fide of Merry Meeting Bay, and partly 
 on the S weflern fide of Androfcoggin R. 
 A College is in this town iii a flourifliing 
 
 ftate, under a prefident and a profefTor o? 
 languages. 'I lie college building is $^ 
 feet long, 40 wide, 3 ilories high. The 
 funds are increafing with the value of 
 land in this diuricl. The legiflature ha» 
 given 6 tovvnlln'ps, and the Hon. J. Bow- 
 doin, lands and money to the amount of 
 10,000 dolls. It is called after him, ^cw- 
 dobt College. 
 
 Brimfivick., a pofl: town and capital of 
 Glynn co. Georgia, fituated at the m.outh 
 of Turtle R. where it empties into St. Si- 
 mons found, N lat. 31 10. It has a faf»i 
 harbour, and lutucieutly capacious to con- 
 tain a large fleet. Although there is a bar 
 at the entrance of the harbour, it has 
 depth of water for the largefl: fhip that 
 fwims. The tov/n is regularly laid out, 
 but not yet built. From its advantageoufr 
 fituation, and from the fertility of the- 
 back country, it promifes to be one of the 
 moft commercial and fioiirifliing places ifi 
 th.e ftate. It lies 19 miles S of Darienj 60 
 S S W from Savannah, no S E from 
 Louifville, 712 from Wafliington. 
 
 Brunfivich Hot'fe, one of the Hudfon Bav 
 Company's fettlements, fituated on Moofe 
 R. half way from its mouth ; S W fronl 
 James's Bay, and N E from Lake Superior. 
 N lat. 50 30, W Ion. 82 30. 
 
 Brimf'U'ick, Nc-w, one of the four Britifh 
 provinces in N. America, is bounded on 
 die S by the N fliores of the bay of Fun- 
 dy, and by the river Miffiqualli to its 
 fource, and from thence by a due E line 
 to Verte Bay ; and on the W by a line 
 to run due N from the main fource of St. - 
 Croix R. in Paflamaquoddy, to the higfi 
 lands which divide the ftreams which fail 
 into xhe river St. Lawrence, and the Bay 
 of Fundy ; and from thence by the fouth- 
 ern boundary of the colony of Quebec 
 until it touches the fea fliore at the weft- 
 ern extremity of the bay of Chaleur ; then 
 following the courfe of the fea flicre to 
 the bay of Verte, (in the ftraits of Nor- 
 thumberland) until it meets the termina- 
 tion of the eaftern line produced from the 
 fource of the Mifliquafli abovcmentioned,. 
 including all the ifiands within the faid 
 limits. The chief towns are St. Jchn^Sy 
 the capital, FredericLtoivn, St. Andreius, and 
 St. Ann., the prefent feat of government. 
 The principal rivers are St. John's, Mage- 
 gadavick, or Eaftern R. Dickwaffet, St. 
 Croix, Merimichi, Petitcodiac, Pvlemram- 
 cook ; all, the 3 laft excepted, empty into 
 Paflamaquoddy Bay. St. John's R. opens 
 a vaft extent of fine country, on which 
 arc rich intervales and me:;dcv/ lands ; 
 
 mcf> 
 
BUG 
 
 BUE 
 
 moft of which are fettled and under im- 
 provement. The upland is in general 
 well timbered. The trees are pine and 
 fpruce, hemlock and hard wood, princi- 
 pally beech, birch, maple, and fome afli. 
 The pmes on St. John's R. are the largefl: 
 to be met with in Britifh America, and 
 afford a confiderable fupply of mails for 
 the royal navy. The rivers which fall in- 
 to Pairamaquoddy Bay, have intervales 
 and meadows on their banks, and muil 
 formerly have been covered with a large 
 growth of timber ; as the remains of large 
 trunks are yet to be feen. A raging lire 
 palTed through that country, in a very dry 
 feafon, according to Indian accounts, 
 50 years ago, and fpread deftrudlion to an 
 Immenfe extent. For other particulars 
 refpecting this province, fee the articles 
 feparately, and Nova Scotia^ Brit'rjb Ameri- 
 ca^ &c. 
 
 Brunfiuick Co. in Virginia, lies between 
 Nottaway and Meherrin rivers, and is 
 about 38miles long, and 35broad,and con- 
 tains 6917 free inhabitants, and 942-1 flaves. 
 
 Brutus, a military townfliip in N. York, 
 through which runs Seneca R. Here the 
 river receives the waters of Owafco L. 
 from the S E through the towns of Aure- 
 lius and Scipio. Brutus lies 1 1 miles N E 
 from the N end of Cayuaga Lake, and 
 19 S S E from Lake Ontario. 
 
 Bryan, a CO. in Georgia, adjoining Chat- 
 ham CO. on the W and S W. It contains 
 2836 inhabitants, 2306 of whom are flaves. 
 
 BryanCs Lick, a S E branch of Green R. 
 the mouth of which is about a; miles E 
 of Craigs Fort, and 10 E of Sulphur Spring 
 in Mercer co. Kentucky. 
 
 Buckjidd, a poit town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, 48 miles N of Portland. It has 
 looz Inhabitants. 
 
 Buck Harbour, in Hancock co. Maine, 
 lies W of Machias. 
 
 Buckingham Houfc, in New South Wales, 
 lies N weflerly from Kudfon Houfe, and 
 ftands on the northern fide of Saflcafliaw- 
 en R. near its fource, and is the weftern- 
 moft of all theHudfon Bay Company's fet- 
 tlements. N lat. 54, W Ion. no 20. 
 
 Buckingham, a CO. of Virginia, bounded 
 N by James' R. S E by Cumberland, S W 
 by Campbell, and S by Appamattox R. 
 It is 65 miles long, 30 broad, and contains 
 7053 free inhabitants, and 6336 flaves. 
 Its court houfe, where a poft office is kept, 
 is 223 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Btickin^hamJInre, a county in tlie dIftrIA 
 of Three Rivers in L. Canada, on the S fide 
 of St. Lawrence river. 
 
 Brich IJlarJ, one of the leffer Virgin Illes^ 
 fituated on the E of St. Thomas, in St. 
 James's Paflage. Lat. 1 8 1 5 N, Ion. 63 30 W. 
 
 Biickland, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 MalTachufetts, containing 164 1 inhabit- 
 ants ; 106 miles weftward from Boflon, 24 
 N W of Northampton. 
 
 Buckland, a town in Prince William co. 
 Virginia, where a poft office is eftablifhsd, 
 42 miles S W of Wafliington. 
 
 Bticklejlcwh, in Berkley co. Virginia, is a. 
 village 8 miles diftant from Martinlburg, 
 and 250 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Bucks Co. in Penrifylvania, lies N N E 
 from Philadelphia. It Is feparated from 
 N. Jerfey by Delaware R. on the S E and N 
 E and has Northampton co. on the N W. 
 It contains 27,496 inhabitants. Bucks is a 
 well cultivated county,containIng 411,900 
 acres of land, and is divided into 28 town- 
 flilps, the chief of which is Newtown. It 
 abounds with limeftone, and in fome 
 places are found iron and lead ore. There 
 is a remarkable hill in the N end of the 
 county called Haycock, in the townfliip 
 of the fame name. It is 15 miles in cir- 
 cumference, having a gradual afcent, and 
 from its fummit is a delightful profpe(Sl. 
 The v/aters of Tohickon Creek wafli it on 
 all fides except the weft. 
 
 BiiciirJloivn,3.-^Q^ town in Hancock CO. 
 Maine, on the E fide of Penobfcot R. con- 
 tains 6 ii4 inhabitants ; 27 miles N of Caf- 
 tine. 
 
 Bucktoivn, in Dorchefter co. Mary- 
 land; lies between Blackwater andTranf- 
 quacking creeks, 12 miles from their 
 mouths at Fifliing Bay, and 8^ miles S E 
 from Cambridge. 
 
 Bu'dds Valley, a place in Morris co. N. 
 Jerfey, on the head waters of Raritan. 
 
 Biienaire, one of the Leeward liles in the 
 W. Indies. It is fmall ; lies eaftward of 
 Cura^oa, and belongs to the Dutch. 
 
 Buenos Ay res, is one of the moft confid- 
 erable towns in S. America, and the only 
 place of traffic to the fourhward of Brazil. 
 It is the capital of La Plata, In the S di- 
 vifion and province of La Plata. S lat. 
 34 35 J W Ion. 57 54. Its fituation on the 
 fouth fide of the river La Plata, on a gen- 
 tle eminence, is healthy and pleafant, and 
 the air temperate. Back of the city, from 
 fouthweft to foutheaft, is Pampas Plain, 
 of 300 miles extent, in conftant verdure, 
 interfperfed vrith country feats, producing 
 few trees, much grafs, on which fubfift in- 
 numerable horfes and cattle. Towards 
 the north, the great river fpreads like a 
 fpacious fea, the oppcfitc fliore being be- 
 yond 
 
BUE 
 
 BUF 
 
 yond the reach of the eye. It is 7 miles 
 in circumference, and regularly built in 
 fquares of about aoo feet. Its ftreets are 
 30 or 40 feet wide, and very dirty ; the 
 houfes one ftory high, chielly of brick, 
 Tvith a court in the middle, and each is 
 accommodated with a garden. The num- 
 ber of inhabitants is eftimated variouflj, 
 at 15,000, 30,000, and fome late accounts 
 fay 100,000; many of them are flaves. One 
 fide of the town is defended by a fortrefs 
 with a garrifon. The town flands 180 
 miles from the fea. The mail comes in 
 once a month from Lima. Ii} afcending 
 the river, it is necefl'ary to anchor every 
 night ; and on the mofl: moderate days a 
 pilot muft go to found the way for the 
 fliip, on account of the fliailownefs of the 
 water, and the fliifting of the channel. 
 After having furmounted thefe difficulties, 
 the fhlps are obliged, at the diftance of 
 three leagues from the town, to put their 
 goods on board fome light veffel, and to go 
 and reiit, and to wait for their cargoes at 
 Incunado de Barragan, fituated 7 or 8 
 leagues below. This city was erec^led in- 
 to a bilhopric in the year i6ao. The tri- 
 bunal of the Royal Audience was found- 
 ed 1663, extinguifhed a few years after, 
 and re-eflabiifhed in 1783. The build- 
 ings, although of brick, are handfome, 
 commodious, and many truly elegant. 
 -There are 16 churches, 11 of which are 
 large and rich ; 5 convents, and z monaf- 
 teries, 2 hofpitals with rich funds, i for 
 men and the other for women, 1 found- 
 ling hofpital, I college, and i academy for 
 teaching geography, navigation and draw- 
 ing. Here we meet with the merchant? 
 of Europe and Peru ; but no regular fleet 
 comes here as to the other parts of Span- 
 ifli America ; 2, or at mod 3, regifter fliips, 
 make the whole of their regular inter- 
 courfe with Europe. The returns are 
 chiefly gold and filver of Chili and Peru, 
 fugar and hides. Thofe who have now 
 and then carried on a contraband trade 
 to this city, have found it more advanta- 
 geous than any other whatever. The 
 contraband traders carry dry goods, and 
 take in return hides, tallow and copper. 
 The benefit of this contraband is now 
 wholly in the hands of the Portuguefe, 
 who keep magazines for that purpofe, in 
 fuch parts of Brazil as lie near this coun- 
 try. The moft valuable commodities come 
 here to be exclianged for European goods, 
 fuch as Vlgoj^ma wool from Peru, copper 
 from Coquimbo, gold from Chili, and fll- 
 yer ft om Potofi. From the towns of Co- 
 
 rientes and Paraguay, the former 250, the 
 latter 500 leagues from Buenos Ayres, are 
 brought hither the iinefl tobacco, fugars, 
 cotton, thread, yellow wax, and cotton 
 cloth ; and from Paraguay, the herb, fq 
 called, and fo highly valued, being a kind 
 of tea drank all over S. America by the 
 better fort ; which one l^ranch is comput- 
 ed to amount to a million of pieces of 
 eight, annually, all paid in goods, no money 
 being allowed to pafs here. The com- 
 merce between Peru and Buenos Ayres is 
 chiefly for cattle and mules to an immenfe 
 value. When the Englifh had the advan- 
 tage of the Ailiento contracfl, negro Haves 
 were brought hither by factors, and fold 
 to the Spaniards. It was founded by Don 
 Pedro de Mendoza, in 1S2S^ hut after- 
 wards abandoned. In 1544, another col- 
 ony of Spaniards came here, who left it 
 alfo ; but it was rebuilt in 1582, and is at 
 prefent inhabited by Spaniards and native 
 Americans. The air is pure and healthy, 
 particularly in the winter feafon, which 
 begins in June, with much rain, at which 
 time the thunder and lightning are fo vic-^ 
 lent, that it is neceflary to be accuflomed 
 to the country before one can live with- 
 out fear. The heat of the fun in the fum- 
 mer is tempered by refrefliing breezes 
 from the river. The country abounds 
 with all kinds of fruit which can fatisfy 
 the appetite of man ; among which are 
 apples, pears, peaches, apricots pomegran- 
 ates, quinces,flgs, grapes, oranges, lemons, 
 limes, and all kinds of melons. The vine 
 is cultivated here, and fome very deliciou? 
 wines are made ; but in general the wine 
 Is difagreeable to thofe not accuriomed to 
 it. See La Plata i?. and province. 
 
 Buff aloe Lale^xn Britifh America, is near 
 Copper Mine R. N lat. 62 30, W ion. from 
 Greenwich 110. The Copper Mine In- 
 dians inhabit this country. 
 
 Buffaloe Lick See Great Ridge, 
 
 Buffaloe Creek, in N. York, is a water of 
 Niagara R. from the E into which it emp- . 
 ties, near its mouth in Lake Erie. The 
 Seneca Indians, 800 in number, have a 
 town and refervatipn of land, 5 miles 
 from its mouth. This Creek is navigable 
 8 miles. N lat. 42 52. 
 
 Buffaloe, a townfliip W of Sufquehanna 
 R. in Pennfylvania. See Northumherlar.d 
 County. 
 
 Buffalc/R. in Teneflee, runs S wefl:v/ard 
 into Tenefl'ee R. in N lat. 2,S ic). 
 
 Buffaloe R. a water of the Ohio, which 
 it enters at the S bank, 60 miles above 
 the mouth of the Wabafh. 
 
Bun 
 
 BUR 
 
 Huffalc; Low Lands, a traA of land in 
 Northumberland co. Pepnfylvania, about 
 28 miles S E from Prefque'lile. 
 
 Buffaloe Sivamp, In Pennfylvania. See 
 Great Sivamp. 
 
 Buckarelii, Fo'mf, on tlie N W corSi of N. 
 America, iies in the 54th degree of N lat. 
 an.J 89th of W Ion. and forms the N eaft- 
 ern iide of Dixon's Entrance, as V/afliing- 
 ton or (^uecn Charlotte's Iflands form its 
 S weflern fide. 
 
 Buljifirh''s Harlour, fo named by Cspt. 
 fngraham, on tlie N W coafl of x'^merica, 
 Hes in N lat. 46 52-^-, W Ion. izj 7^. 
 
 BuU'iis Lick, lies on Salt H, in Ken- 
 tucky, from wJuch fait fp rings the river 
 takes its name. It lies 10 miles from the 
 Rapids of the Ohio, near Saitfbargh ; and 
 is the firfl that was wo ked in the country. 
 
 Bullitsy a CO. of Kentuckv, containing 
 3446 inhabitants, 944 are fi?.ves. 
 
 Bidl IJlatidy one of the 3 iilands which 
 form the N part of Charlefton harbour, S. 
 Carolina. 
 
 Ballock^ a CO. of Georgia, divided into 4 
 towns, and contains 1913 inhabitants, 01' 
 whom 269 are (laves. 
 
 Bulloch'' s Point and A^v-f, on the eaftern 
 fide of Providence R. Rhode 1. 
 
 Bulls Bay, or Baboid Bciy, a noted bay in 
 Newfoundland I. a little to the S of St. 
 John's harbour, on the E fide of that idand. 
 It has 14 fathom water, and is very fafe, 
 being land locked. The only danger is a 
 rock, 20 yards from Bread and Cheefe 
 Point, another with 9 feet water off Mo- 
 gotty Cove. Lat. 50 50 N, Ion. 57 10 W. 
 
 Bulls I/land,di fmall "iile N of Charlefton 
 harbour. 
 
 .ff?,'/jy^//?,a townfliip in Fayette co. Penn- 
 fylvania, has 981 fouls. 
 
 Buncomh, the largeft and moft wellern co. 
 of N. Carolina, being 80 miles long, 40 
 wide, and perhaps the moft mountainous 
 and hilly in tlie U. States. It is in Mor- 
 gan diftricfV, bounded W by the flate of 
 Tcneffce, and S by the flate of S. Caro- 
 lina. It abounds with iron ore. The 
 Blue Ridge paffes through Buncomb, 
 and gives rife to many large rivers, .^s Cat- 
 aba w, "W'ateree, Broad R. and Pacolet, 
 Black, Bald and Smoaky mountains are in 
 this county. The number of inhabitants 
 is 5 774, of whom 334 are flaves. 
 
 Burgoo Jjlsy lie in White Bear Bay, New-, 
 foundland T. Great Burgeo, or Eclipfe I. 
 lies in M lat. 47 7>S^ "VV Ion. 57 31. 
 
 Biirh-Co.Kw Morgan diftricl,N Carolina, 
 has 9799 inhabitants, including 776 flaves. 
 Its capital is Morgarjtown. It is about 8ti 
 
 miles long, 40 wide. The principal rlv*ers 
 are the Catabaw, John's R. Toe, and Lin- 
 vel's R. Us mountains are the Blue Ridge, 
 Yellow Mountain, the Grandfather, Ta- 
 ble Mountain, South Mountain, and Brufljy 
 Mountain. I'he lands between the moun- 
 tains and on tJ)e rivers are very fertile. 
 
 Burke Co. in the Lower diflricl- of Geor- 
 gia, contains 9506 inhabitants, including 
 2967 flaves. Its chief towns are Louil- 
 ville, and Waynefl)orough. 
 
 Burke, a townfliip in Cal-edonia co. Ver- 
 mont, about 15 miles W of the mouth of 
 Upper Amonoofock R. 
 
 Burlington, s. poft town in Chittendon co. 
 Vermont, delightfully lituated on a bay of 
 its name, in Lake Champlain, about ao N 
 of Vergennes. It has 8x5 inhabitants. 
 In 1 786 a large number of frogs were dug 
 up here, 25 feet below the lurface, and 
 difcovered iigns of life, but foon died. 
 In 1 791, the iegiil-ittire of the ftate enab- 
 le llied a Univerfity in this place, which 
 has very handfome funds, and is flourifliing. 
 
 Burlington Co. iii N. Jerfey., extends acrols 
 from the Atlantic ocean on the S E toDel- 
 aware R. and part of Huntingdon co. on 
 the N W in length about 60 miles, in 
 breadth about 28. A great proportion of 
 it is barren ; about |-tlis of it, however, is 
 imdcr good cultivation, and is generally 
 level, and is pretty v/ell watered. It has 
 21,521 inhabitants, including 188 flaves. 
 
 Burlington, City, the chief town of the 
 above CO. is under the government of a 
 mayor, aldermen, and common council. 
 I'he extent of the townflap is 3 miles 
 along the Delaware, and a mile back ; be- 
 ing about 18 miles N E of Philadelplu'a, 
 and II S W from Trenton. The ifland, 
 which is the moft populous part, is about 
 a mile in length, and ~ in breadth. In the 
 year 1789 it contained 160 hcizfes, ai^.d 
 1 100 inhabitants ; in 1797, 214 houfes, 
 and 1 7 14 inhabitants, and now, 1803, 
 there are 282 houfes, and 2256 inhabit- 
 ants?. The houfes are generally built 
 within half a mile of the Delaware. The 
 focieties of Friends, Epifcopalians, Meth- 
 odiftsand Baptifts have fpacious and neat 
 buildings for public worfhip. There arc 
 alfo 2 academies, a free fchool, which edu- 
 cates 25 poor children, a city Ivall, with 
 a town clock, market houfe, public libra-' 
 ry incorporated in 1743, a gaol, brewery, 
 and nail manufruftory. It has 4 entrances 
 over bridges and caufeways, and a quan- 
 tity of bank meadow adjoining. The 
 main ftreets' are conveniently fpacious, 
 and moftly wrnamented with rows of trccv 
 
 The 
 
BUS 
 
 BYF 
 
 The town is oppollte Briftol in Pennfyl- 
 vania, where the river is about a mile 
 wide. Under the llielter of Mittinicunk 
 and Burlington iflands, is a fafe harbour, 
 commodioully fituated for trade ; but too 
 near the opulent city of Philadelphia to 
 admit of any confiderable increafe of for- 
 eign commerce. Burlington was firfl fet- 
 tled in 1677. Mittinicunk I. belongs to 
 the free fchool, asnd yields a yearly profit 
 cf;{;i8o. Nlat. 408. 
 
 Burlington^ a townfhip on the eaftern 
 fide of Unadilla R. in Otfego co. N. York, 
 is II miles W of Cooperftown; 438 of its 
 inhabitants were eled:ors in 1796. 
 
 Burlington, a new townfliip in Middle- 
 fex CO. MafTachufetts, taken from Woburn, 
 about I a miles N cf Bofton, incorporated 
 
 1799- 
 
 Burlington Bay, the wellern pomt of 
 Lake Ontario, is perhaps as beautiful and 
 romantic a fituation as any in interior A- 
 merica, particularly if we include with it 
 a marfliy lake which falls into it, and a 
 noble promontory that divides them. 
 This lake is called Coot's Paradife, and 
 abounds with game. From the head of 
 the lake following the {bores of the Onta- 
 rio, we proceed eaftward along the bor- 
 ders of the county of Lincoln, a very fine 
 and populous fettlement, confifting of 20 
 towniliips, containing about 6ooo fouls, 
 and furnifliing 5 bataliions of militia. 
 There are many fmall rivers which fall 
 into the lake between Burlington bay, 
 and Niagara ; the molt beautiful of which 
 are thofe called the Twelve and tlieTwen- 
 ty. Thefe rivers previoufly to their flow- 
 i ng into the lake, fpread behind a beach 
 which impedes their courfe,and the ftreara 
 finding x)nly a fmall outlet into the lake, is 
 ponded back, and forms a fpacious bafon | 
 within; the banks are high but not broken, 
 and generally covered with fine pine trees. 
 
 Burnt Coat IJlaud. See Penohfcot Bay. 
 
 Burfontoivn^ a pofl town in Bucks co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Burrvillcy a poft town in Anderfon co. 
 TenefTee, 570 miles from Waihington. 
 
 Burton, a fmall townfliip in Grafton co. 
 N. Hampfliire, w^hich was incorporated in 
 1766, and contains 141 inhabitants. 
 
 Burton, a townfliip in the Britifli prov- 
 ince of N. Brunfwick, fituated in Sunbury 
 CO. on the river St. John. 
 
 Bufey Toivn, in the ifland of St. Domin- 
 go, lies near Port au Prince, and has a fort. 
 
 Bujh Totvn. See Harford, Maryland, 
 
 Btifiivich, a fmall, but pleafant town, in ' 
 King's CO. Long I. N. York, The inhabit- i 
 Vox. I. I 1 
 
 ants, 540 in number, are chiefly of Dutch 
 extradlion ; 99 of thefe are eledlors. 
 
 Bujhy Run, a N E branch of Sewickly 
 Creek, near the head of which is Gen.Bo- 
 quet's Field. The creek runs S weileriy 
 into Youghiogeny R. ao miles S E from 
 Pittfburg, in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Bujlard R. in Upper Canada, falls into 
 St. Lawrence R. S weftward of Black R. 
 in a bay of its own name It runs a great 
 way inland, and has communication with 
 feveral lakes ; and at its mouth lie the 
 Ofiers Iflands. N lat. 49 20, W Ion 68 5. 
 
 Bujlleion, a pofl: town in Philadelphia co. 
 Penn. about lo miles N W of the city. 
 
 Butler, a CO. of Pennfylvania, containing 
 3916 inhabitants. It is divided into 4* 
 town {hips. 
 
 Butler s Tcivn, on the W fide of the head 
 waters of the Ohio. 
 
 Butterhill, a high round hill, on the W 
 bank of Hudfon river, at the northern en- 
 trance of the Highlands. In palTmg this 
 hill, afcending the river, the pallenger is 
 prefented with a charming view of N. 
 Windfor and Newburgh. 
 
 Butternuts, a poft town in Otfego co N. 
 Yoi k, ^5 miles S W of Cooperftown. It 
 has 1388 inhabitants. 
 
 Buttons Bay, in the W part of Hudfon 
 bay, N of, and near to Churchill R. Sir 
 Thomas Button loft his Ihip here, and 
 came back in a fioop built in the country. 
 Button's IJles lie on the fouthern fide of 
 Hudfon ftraits, at the entrance o{F Cape 
 Chidley. 
 
 Buxaloons, an Indian town on the N W 
 bank of Alleghany R. nearly zj miles from 
 Fort Frankhn, at its mouth. 
 
 Buxton, a tov/nfliip in York co. Maine, 
 on Saco R. 8 miles N weftt rly from Pep- 
 perelborough, and 118 miles N E of Bof- 
 ton ; containing 1938 inhabitants. 
 
 Bu'zzard\ Bay, in Maflachufetts, togeth- 
 er with Barnftable Bay on the N E form 
 the peninfula v/hofe extremity is called 
 Cape Cod. It lies between N lat. 41 25, 
 and 41 42, and between 70 38, and 71 
 TO, W Ion. from Greenwich, running into 
 the land about 30 miles N E by N, and its 
 breadth at an average is about 7 miles. 
 Its entrance has Seakonet Point and rocks 
 W, and the Sow and Pigs ofT the S W end 
 of Cuttahunk, one of the Elizabeth ifl- 
 ands, on the Eaft. 
 
 Byherry, a town{laip in Philadelphia co. 
 Pennfylvania, 579 inhabitants. 
 
 Byfeld, a parifh partly in Newbury, 
 partly in Rowley, Maflachufetts. It lies 
 at the heau u: the tide on Parker river, 
 
 which 
 
CAB 
 
 c A r 
 
 which runs through the N part of the par- 
 illi ; Smelt R. being its fouthern boundary. 
 it is generally level, with a few command- 
 ing hills; it is much interfecSled with brooks 
 and rivulets, and has Crane Pond, which 
 16 deep, and well Ilored with fifli, covering 
 lOO acres, at the N W corner. The falls 
 on. Parker, or Frefh R. as it is called above 
 the tide, afTord excellent mill feats. There 
 are lo grill mills, where great quantities 
 of grain are purchafed from N. Hampfliire 
 and Verm.ont ; the meal and flour are fold 
 in Newburyport and the vicinity. There 
 are aifo 2 faw mills, i oil mill, i fnufFmill, 
 with a large number of mortars, and one 
 fulling mill, befide a woollen manufaAory, 
 ^which can employ 100 hands. The larg- 
 ed building is 90 feet by 30, three flories 
 high, furniflied with carding machines, 
 and all the apparatus for man uf alluring 
 woollen cloths. The greater part of the 
 inhabitants are farmers, but large num.bers 
 are employed in making fhoes for export- 
 ation. The place is noted for the variety 
 and excellence of its pears and winter ap- 
 ples ; and vaft quantities of peat are dug 
 from its meadows. Dummer Academy is 
 in this parilli, pleafantly fituated on a large 
 road leading from Newburyport to Salem 
 and Bofton. It has a library of well choi- 
 en books, funds to fupport 2 inftrucflors, 
 and nothing is required for tuition. When 
 the Newburyport turnpike is completed, it 
 will be 4 miles S W from Newburyport, 
 and 26 N P2 from Bofton. 
 
 Byram R. is a fmall flream, only notice- 
 able as forming part of the weftern boun- 
 dary of Connecticut. It falls into Long I. 
 found, oppofite Captain's Iflands. 
 
 Byran ^/"oivn, in Charles CO. Maryland, is 
 about 9 miles N E from Por*- Tobacco ; 
 and 24 S E from the Federal City. 
 
 ByrJ, Ford, lies on the eaflern bank of 
 Monongahela R ; on the - S lide of the 
 mouth of Red Stone Creek ; 35 miles S 
 from Pittfburg, and about 29 N W from 
 Ohiopyle Falls. On or near this fpot 
 ftands the compaiH: part of the town of 
 Brownfville. N lat. 39 58, W Ion. 81 12. 
 
 Byron s Bay t on the N E coafl of Labra- 
 dor. 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 AB ARRAS, ?i CO. in the diftria ofSal- 
 ifbury, N. CaroHna. It contains 5061 peo- 
 ple, 695 being in flavery. The court 
 houfe, where a poll: office is kept, is 439 
 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Cabela, or Cahclla, a cape on the coaft of 
 Terra Firma, in S. America. N lat. 103. 
 
 Ctibiu Fivit^ a fmall pofl town ia Surry 
 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on Upper Chipoafe 
 creek, 26 miles E S E of Peterfburgh, 87 
 from Portfinouth, and 329 S S W of Phi- 
 ladelphia. Nlat. 37. 
 
 Cabo de Cruzy a bold pointof land on the 
 S fide of the ifland of Cuba. N lat. 1957. 
 
 Cabo de St.Juati, the N eafternmoft: point 
 of the iiland of Porto Rico. N lat. x8 30. 
 
 Cabot, a townlliip in Caledonia co. Ver- 
 mont. It is fituated on the height of 
 land between Lake Champlain and Con- 
 ne6licut R. about 17 miles from the 15 
 mile falls in the above named R. and con» 
 tains 349 inhabitants. 
 
 Caboi's Head, a promontory extending 
 far into Lake Huron, W of Glocelter, and 
 embays a large part of the lake, at its 
 eaflern extremity, flretching towards the 
 ManitouiOands. Smyth. 
 
 Cabellfhurg, a poll town in Amherft co.. 
 Virginia, 215 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Cabron, Cape, the N E point of Prefquc 
 Ifle de Samana,in the iiland of St. Domin- 
 go, 22 leagues S E by E of old Cape Fran- 
 9ois, N lat. 19 23. 
 
 CdCQpchrjv, a river of Virginia, which, 
 runs about 70 miles N eafterly along the 
 weflern (jdc of North Ridge, and empties 
 into Potowmack R. 30 miles N from 
 Frederickftown. 
 
 Catf/jzOTajyo, a large R. m Peru, S.Ameri- 
 ca, which falls into the ocean within % 
 leagues of La Plata. 
 
 Cadiz, 71 town on the Nfide of the ifland 
 of Cuba, near 160 miles E of Havannah, 
 and 50 N from Spiritu Santo. 
 
 Caen, the chief city of Cayenne, in 
 French Guiana, in S. America. See Ca- 
 yenne. 
 
 Caernarvon, -A townfliip in Lancafler CO. 
 Pennfylvania, has 942 inhabitants. 
 
 Cafarea R. or Cohanfie Creek, in N. Jcrfey, 
 empties into Delaware Bay, after a S wef- 
 terly courfe of about 30 m.iles. It is nav- 
 igable for velfels of 100 tons as far at 
 Bridgetown, 20 miles from its mouth. 
 
 Caghneivaga, a tribe of Indians in Lower 
 Canada, fome of whom inhabit near 
 Montreal. 
 
 Caghtieivaga, the name of a fmall village 
 or parifli on the Nfide of Mohawk R. \\\ 
 the townfliip of Johnfiown, about 24 
 milts W of Schenectady. It is not im- 
 probable that the tribe of Indians men- 
 tioned in the preceding article formerly- 
 inhabited this place. See Johnfoivn. 
 
 Cahokia, a po ft town in the Indiana ter- 
 ritory, N of Kaikafkias, 963 miles from 
 Walliington. 
 
 Ca Ira, a poll town in Amelia co. Vir- 
 giaia, 190 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Ca ha^ 
 
CAL 
 
 C AL 
 
 Ca Tra^ the chief town of Sumner co. 
 Teneflec. A name that perpetuates the 
 remembrance of pohtical folly. 
 
 Caijior, a townfliip in the co. of Lincoln, 
 U. Canada, between Binbrook and Gainf- 
 borough, watered by the river Welland. 
 
 Smyth. 
 
 Calabeza, a town of S. America, in Ter- 
 ra Firma, on Oroonoco R. 
 
 Calcaylares, a jurifdi(5tion in Peru, fub- 
 ]e<St to the bifliop of Cufco,about 4 leagues 
 W of that city ; exuberant in all kinds of 
 grain and fruits, and fugar equal to any 
 of the refined fugars of Europe. Former- 
 ]y it produced 80,000 arobas ; but the 
 quantity is now faidto be much lefs. 
 
 Calais, ^ townfliip in Caledonia co. Ver- 
 mont, 30 miles N W of Newbury. It has 
 443 inhabitants. 
 
 Cald-well, a town in N. Jerfey, between 
 Newark and Morriftown. 
 
 Caledonia, New, a very large ifland in 
 the Pacific ocean, S W and not far diftant 
 from the New Hebrides, firft difcovered 
 by Capt. Cook, in 1774. It is about 87 
 leagues long^ its breadth is various, and 
 no where exceeds ten leagues. It is in- 
 habited by a race of flout, tall, well pro- 
 portioned Indians of a fwarthy or dark 
 «hefnut brown. A fctv leagues diftant 
 arc a fmall illands, called illand of Fina 
 and Botany iiland. 
 
 Caledonia Co. in Vermont, contains 24 
 townfiiipsjand has Connedlicut R. S E, Or- 
 leans and Chittenden counties N W ; Ef- 
 fex CO. N E, and Orange co. S W. It con- 
 tains 9377 inhabitants, 
 
 Caledonia^ a port on the ifthmus of Da- 
 rien, 25 leagues N W from the river At- 
 rato It was attempted to be eftabliilied 
 by the Scotch nation in 1698, and had at 
 ifirfl: all the promiling appearances of fuc- 
 cefs ; but the Engiifli, influenced by nar- 
 row national prejudices, put every im- 
 pediment in their way ; which, joined to 
 the unhealthintfs of the climate, deftroy- 
 ed the infant colony. See Darier.. 
 
 CaU, a city of New Granada, S. Ameri- 
 ca, fituated on the river Cauca. The fta- 
 ple port for this city, as alfo for thofe of 
 Popayan, Santa Fe, and the fouthern parts 
 of Terra Firma, is Bonaventura in the 
 diftriA of Popayan.. The road by land 
 from that port is not pafTable for beafls 
 of burden; fo that travellers with their 
 baggage, are carried on the backs of In- 
 dians in a chair, with which weight they 
 crofs rivers and mountains, being entire- 
 ly flaves to the Spaniards, who thus fub- 
 llitute them in the room of horfes and 
 siules. N lat. 3 15, W Ion. 76 30. 
 
 Calibogte JR. and Sound, on the coaft of S» 
 Carolina, form the outlet of May and 
 New rivers. 
 
 California, an extenfivc pcninf^la of N. 
 America, lying between the tropic of Can- 
 cer and the 38 o N lat. wafliedon theE by 
 a gulf of the fame -name, and on the W 
 by the Pacific ocean, or great S Sea ; ly- 
 ing within the three capes or limits of 
 Cape St. Lucas, the river Colerado and 
 Cape Blanco de San Sebaftian, which is 
 called its weflcrn limit. The gulf whi<:hi 
 waflies it on the E called the gulf of Cali- 
 fornia, is an arm of the Pacific ocean, in- 
 tercepted between Cape Corientes on the 
 one lide, and Cape St.Lucas on the other; 
 that is between Mexico or New Spain on 
 the N E and that of California on the W. 
 The length of Cdifornia is about 300 
 leagues, in breadth it bears no propor- 
 tion, not being more than 40 leagues a- 
 crofs, from fea to fea. The country is 
 very fruitful, abounds with domcflic ani- 
 mals, brought thither originally from 
 Spain, and with fome wild animals not 
 known in Old or New Spain. The cli- 
 mate isfultry, the heat in fummer being 
 exceiFively fevere. '1 he Roman Catho- 
 lics have met with confiderablefuccefs in 
 converting the Californians to Chriflian- 
 ity. The^hief town is St. Juan. The 
 MiiTionaries are fupix)rted at vafl: expenfe 
 for the purpofe of extending civilization 
 and chriflianity through thefe dreary 
 abodes of favage paganifm. They per- 
 form the laborious fervice with alacrity 
 and prudence. They treat their converts 
 as children, furnifli them with fupport 
 and employment. They have made fome 
 advance in the arts of civil life, are hap- 
 py, denying themfelves their former li- 
 centious pradlices. They appear devout, 
 chafte and honefl : theft is unknown 
 among them. Let Proteftants go and do 
 likewife. Cortes difcovered this country 
 in 1536 ; but Sir Francis Drake was the 
 firft who took pofTefllon of it, in 1578 ; 
 and his right was confirmed by the prin- 
 cipal king or chief in the whole country. 
 
 Callao, a fea port town in the empire of 
 Pern, being the port or harbour of Lima, 
 and is lituated a leagues from that city. 
 On the N fide runs the river which wa- 
 ters Lima, on which fide is a Imall fuburb 
 built only of reeds. There is another on 
 the S fide ; they are both called Pitipifti, 
 and inliabited by Indians. To the E are 
 extenfive plains, adorned v/ith beautiful 
 orchards watered by canals cut from the 
 river. The town, which is built on a low 
 flat point of land, was ftrocgly fortified 
 
C A L 
 
 CAM 
 
 in the rcign of Philip IV, and numerous 
 batteries command the port and road 
 vhich is the greatcft, fineft,and fafeft in 
 all the S. Sea. There is anchorage every 
 where in very deep water, without 
 danger of rocks or flioals, except one. 
 ■which is 3 cables, length from the fliore, 
 about the middle of the ifland of St. 
 Lawrence, oppofite La Galatea. The 
 little ifland of Callao lies juft before the 
 town. In the opening between thefe two 
 iflands, there are two fmail iflots, or 
 rather rocks ; there is alio a thiid very 
 low, but half a league out at fea, S S E 
 from the N W point of the ifland of St. 
 Lawrence. Near the fea fide is the gov- 
 ernor's houfe, which, with the viceroy's 
 palace, take up 2 fides of a fquarc ; the 
 parifli church makes a third ; and a bat- 
 tery of 3 pieces of cannon forms the 4th 
 The churches arc built of canes inter- 
 woven, and covered with clay, or paint- 
 ed white. Here are 5 monafteries, and 
 an hofpital. The houfes are in general 
 built of flight materials ; the fingular cir- 
 cumftance of its never raining in this 
 country renders ftone houfes unnecefla- 
 ry ; and helide thefe are more apt to fuf- 
 fcr from earthquakes, which are frequent 
 here. The moft remarkable happened in 
 the year 1746, which laid |ths of Lima 
 level with the ground, and entirely de- 
 moiiflicd Callao ; where the defl:ru6lion 
 was fo entire that only one man, of 3000 
 inhabitants, was left to record this dread- 
 ful calamity S lat. iz r, W Ion. 77. 
 
 Cal'acalks, a river of Chili which falls 
 into the S fea at Baldivia. 
 
 Calliaqua, a town and harbour at the S 
 Wend of St. Vincent, one of the Carib- 
 bee iflands. The harbour is the heft in 
 the ifland, and draws thither a great part 
 of the trade, and the principal inhabitants 
 of the ifland. 
 
 C2l?n Point, on the N W coaft of N. A- 
 merica, lies within Briflol Bay, on the 
 northern fide. 
 
 Cain, Eizjl and Weji, two townflilps in 
 Chefter co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Calos, a bay on the W coaft of the pen- 
 infula of E. Florida, where are exerilent 
 fifliing banks and grounds. Not far 
 from this is a oonfidcrable town of the 
 Seminole Indians. The Spaniards from 
 Cuba take great quantities of fifli here, 
 and barter with the Indians and traders 
 for fkins, furs, &c. and return with their 
 cargoes to Cuba. 
 
 Calpdalpan, a mountain in N. Mexico, 
 which abounds with quarries of jafpcr 
 and marble of different colours. 
 
 Calvert Co. in Maryland, on the W fliorc 
 of the Chefapeak; it is about 33 mile* 
 long, and 19 and \ wide. It is agreeably 
 varied by hills and vales, the land is gen- 
 erally fandy, and produces good corn, 
 ft contains 8297 people, 4101 being fiavea 
 to the reft. Chief town. Prince Frederick. 
 Calumet, Point, on the N fliore of Lake 
 Superior, W of the river Du Chene, bc-^ 
 twecn which places, the coaft, confifling 
 of perpendicular rocks, is dangerous. 
 Smyth. 
 Cam»na, a jurifdicflion in Peru, under 
 the bifhop of Arequipa, very extenfive, 
 but full of defarts,fome diftance from the 
 S. Sea coaft. Eaftward it extends to the 
 borders of the Andes ; abounds in grain, 
 fruits, and fome filver mines. 
 
 Cambletoivn, in W. Florida, on the W 
 fide of Efcambia R. near its mouth, 10 
 miles from Penfacola. A number of 
 French Proteftants planted thcmfelves 
 here in 1766, and for fome time were 
 fupported by government, for the pur- 
 pofe of cultivating filk. The town was 
 fituated on high ground, on a light foil, 
 but near marlliy ground, which render- 
 ed it unhealthy. It has long fince beea 
 abandoned, and the town deftroyed. 
 
 Hutchins, 
 Cambridge, an uninhabited townfhip in 
 Grafton co. N. Hampfliire, E of Andro- 
 fcoggin, and S of Umbagog Lake. 
 
 Cambridge, a poft town in Wafliington 
 CO. N. York, iz by 13 miles in extent, 
 containing 6187 inhabitants, 10 miles N 
 W of Bennington. 
 
 Cambridge, a poft and half fliire town of 
 Middlefex co. Mafl'achufetts, is one of 
 the largeft and moft refpe(5table town- 
 fliips of the county. Its 3 parillics.Cam- 
 br idge. Little Cambridge, and Menotomy, 
 contain 3 Congregational meeting houfes, 
 one for Baptifts, and another for Epifco- 
 palians ; a number of very pleafant feats, 
 and 2453 inhabitants. A bridge connedls 
 this town with Bofton. The compaft 
 part of Cambridge is pleafantly fituated 
 2i\ miles weftward of Bofton, on the N 
 bank of Charles R. over which is a bridge 
 leading to Little Cambridge. It contains 
 about 100 dwelling houfes. Its public 
 buildings, befide the edifices which be- 
 long to Harvard Univerfity, are the Epif- 
 copal and Congregational meeting houfes, 
 and a handfome court houfe. The col- 
 lege buildings are 4 in number, and are 
 of brick, named Harvard, Hollis, and 
 Mafl'achufetts Halls, and Holden Chapel. 
 Pieparations are making for ere<fting 
 another Hall for the ufe of the ftudents, 
 
 I'hey 
 
CAM 
 
 CAM 
 
 They ftmd on a beautiful green which 
 fpreads to the N W, and exhibit a pleaf- 
 ing view. This univerfity, as to its li- 
 t>rary, philofophical apparatus and pro- 
 feflbrfliips, is at prefent the firft literary 
 inftitution on this continent. It takes its 
 date from the year 1638, 7 years after 
 the firft fettlement in the townlliip, then 
 called Ne^ivtoivn, Since its eftablifhment, 
 to July, 1794, T,T,()<) ftudents have receiv- 
 ed honorary degrees from its fuccefiive ■ 
 officers. It has generally from 150 to 220 • 
 (Indents. The library contains upwards \ 
 of 1.3,000 volumes. The cabinet of min- ; 
 erals, in the mufeum, contains the more I 
 ufeful produdiions of nature ; and ex- \ 
 cepting what are called the precious fones, j 
 there are very few fubftances yet dilcov- j 
 ered in the mineral kingdom, but what j 
 may be found here. The univerfity owes i 
 this noble collection of minerals, and fev- 
 cral other natural curiofities, to the mu- 
 nificence of Dr. Letfom, of London, and 
 to that of the republic of France. In the 
 north parifli of this town, caWcA Menotomy, 
 is a card manufactory, belonging to Mr. 
 Whittemore, of very ingcnioufly contriv- 
 ed machinery, and on an extenfive fcale. 
 Fifty dozen pairs of cards are made here 
 in a day, btfides carding machines. In 
 the eaftern part of this town, at the head 
 of W. Boflon bridge, is a thriving com- 
 mercial fettlement. N. lat. 4a 23 28, W 
 Ion. from Greenwich 71 7 30. 
 
 Cambridge, a poft town in the upper 
 country of S. Carolina, where the circuit 
 courts are held. Formerly it was called 
 Ninety Six. It contains about 60 houfes, 
 a court houfe, and a brick gaol. The 
 college by law inftituted here is no bet- 
 ter that, a grammar fchool. It is 80 miles 
 N N W of Columbia ; 50 N by W of 
 Augufta, in Georgia, 140 N W of Charlef- 
 ton. N. lat. 34 9. In May, 1781, this 
 town was clofely beficged by General 
 Greene, and bravely defended by the Brit- 
 ifli commanded by Col. Cruger, 
 
 Cambridge, a pofl town of Dorchef^er co. 
 Maryland, is fituated on the S fide of 
 Choptank R. abput 13 miles E S E from 
 Cook's point at its mouth ; 9 W S W 
 from Newmarket, and 57 S E from Bal- 
 timore, its lituation is healthy, and it 
 contains about 50 houfes and a church. 
 N lat. 3834. 
 
 Camhiidge, a pofl: town in Franklin co. 
 Vermont, is fituated on both fides of La 
 Moille R. about 25 mi lesNE of Burlington. 
 
 Cambridge, a townfhip in U. Canada, 
 Stormont co. S of Clarence, 
 
 Cam^en^ Eaji and Wcji, two townfhipt 
 in U Canada ; the latter in Kent co. on 
 the Nof river Thames, oppofite Howard. 
 
 Smyth. 
 
 Camden Co. In Edenton diftricft, N. Car- 
 olina, is in the N E corner of the fiate. 
 It has 4191 inhabitants, including 1170 
 flaves. Jonefborough is the chief town. 
 
 Camden, formerly a diftritft, in the upper 
 country of S. Carolina, has Cheraws dif- 
 tricSt on the N E, Georgetown diflricft on 
 the S E, and the ftate of N. Carolina on 
 the N ; and was divided into the follow- 
 ing counties, Fairfield, Richland, Claren- 
 don, Clartmont, Kerfliaw, Salem, and 
 Lancafler ; the four firft are ere<ftcd into 
 diftritfts of the fame name ; the three 
 laft form Sumpter diftria. This dif- 
 tridl is watered by the Wateree, or Cat- 
 abaw R. and its branches ; the upper 
 part is variegated with hills, generally 
 fertile and well watered. It produces 
 Indian corn, wheat, rye, i)arley, tobacco, 
 and cotton, I'he Catabaw Indians, the 
 only tribe which refide in the ftate, live ia 
 the N part of this diftrid:. See Catahait: 
 
 Camden,:^, poft town, and chief of Sump- 
 ter diftricSl, in Kerfliaw co. ftands on the 
 E fide of Wateree R. 35 miles N E of Co- 
 lumbia; SS S W of Cheraw ; 120 N by 
 W of Charlefton, and 643 S W of Phila- 
 delphia. It is regularly laid out, and 
 contains about 200 houfes, an Epifcopal 
 church, a court houfe and gaol. The nav- 
 igable river on which the town ftands, 
 enables the inhabitants to carry on a 
 lively trade with the back country. N 
 lat. 34 12, W Ion. 80 54. This town, or 
 near it, was the fcene of two battles in the 
 late war. On the i6th of Auguft, 1780, 
 between Gen. Gates and Lord Cornwallis, 
 in which the American general was de- 
 feated. The other was a brifk adiioa 
 between Lord Rawdon and Gen. Greene, 
 on the 25th of April, 1781. I^ord Rawdon 
 fallied out of the town with 800 men, and 
 attacked the American camp, which was 
 within a mile of the town. The Ameri- 
 cans had 126 men killed, and 100 taken 
 prifoners, and the Britifli had about lOO 
 killed. The town was evacuated the 9th 
 of May, in the fame year, after Lord 
 Rawdon had burned the gaol, mills, many 
 private houfes, and part of his own bag- 
 gage- 
 
 Camden Co. in the lower diftricfl of Geor- 
 gia, at the S E corner of the ftate, on St. 
 Mary's R. contains 1681 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 735 flaves. Chief town St. Pa- 
 tricks. 
 
 Ccimder^ 
 
CAM 
 
 CAM 
 
 CfivJe/f, a fmall pofl: town on the wed- 
 crn fide of Penobfcot bay, Maine, and 
 the S eafternmoft townfliip of Lincoln co. 
 havingThoniaftown on the S W ; ^^ miles 
 3N N E from Pownalborough. 
 
 Camden^ a village in Kent co. ftate of 
 
 Delaware, about 4 miles S W from Dover. 
 
 Camillus, a townfliip in N. York, on the 
 
 S iide of Seneca river, 1 8 miles S W from 
 
 fort Brewington. 
 
 Cam IJland, one of the fmaller Virgin 
 Ifles, in the W. Indies ; lituated near St. 
 John's in the King's Channel. N lat. 18 
 ao, W Ion. 63 25. 
 
 Campbell Co. in Virginia, lies E of Bed- 
 ford CO. on Staunton R. It is 30 miles 
 long, and 27 broad, and contains 6195 
 free inhabitants, and 3671 flaves. It con- 
 tains large quantities of iron ore ; iron 
 ■works are eredled. Chief town New 
 JLondon. 
 
 Campbelltoivn, a village in Dauphin co. 
 Pennfylvania, 13 miles E of Harrilburgh, 
 and 96 N W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Camphelltoivn^ in N. Carolina, is a large 
 and flourifliing town on a branch of Cape 
 Fear R. 100 miles above Wilmington ; 
 having " above 100 houfes, many wealthy 
 merchants, refpecflable public buildings, 
 a vaft refort of inhabitants and travellers, 
 and continual brilk commerce by wag- 
 gons, from the back fettlements, with 
 large trading boats." Bartram. 
 
 CampbeWs Fort, in Teneffee, near the 
 3un6J:ion of Holfton R. with the Teneffce ; 
 riiftant 135 miles from Abingdon, Vir- 
 ginia, and 445 \V of Richmond. 
 
 Campbell, a CO. of Kentucky, containing 
 J797 free people, and 458 (laves. The 
 court houfe, where there is a pofl office, 
 U 52.5 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Campbellto'wn, a poft town of S. Carolina, 
 inEdgefieldco.576milesfromWafliingion. 
 CampbeWs, or Prejlons Salines, in North 
 Holfton, in the ftate of TenefTee, are the 
 onlv ones that have yet been dilcovered 
 «>n the upper branches of the Teneflce. 
 Large bones, like thofe found at Big Bone 
 Lick, have been dug up here ; and other 
 circumftances render the tracl which 
 contains the i^alines a great natural curi- 
 ofity. Capt. Charles Campbell, one of 
 the firft explorers of the weftern country, 
 made the difcovery of this tract in 1745. 
 }n 17535 he obtained a patent t''or it from 
 the governor of Virginia. His fon, the 
 late Gen. William Campbell, tlie fame who 
 behaved fo gallantly in the years 1780, 
 and 1781, became owner of it on his 
 «itath. But it wa? not till the time of 
 
 his death, when fait was very fcarce and 
 dear, that fait water was dilcovered, and 
 fait made by a poor man. Since that 
 time it has been improved to a confidtr- 
 able extent, and many thoufands of peo- 
 ple are now fupphed from it, with fait of 
 a fuperior quality, and at a low price. 
 The tract confifts of about 300 acres of 
 fait marfli land, of as rich a foil as can 
 be imagined. In this flat, pits are funk, 
 in order to obtain the fait water. The 
 beft is found from 30 to 40 feet deep ; 
 after palling through the rich foil or mud, 
 from 6 to 10 feet, you come to a very 
 brittle hmeftone rock, with cracks or 
 chafms, through which the fait water 
 iflues into the pits, whence it is drawn by 
 buckets and put into the boilers, which 
 are placed in furnaces adjoining the pits. 
 The hills that furround this flat are cov- 
 ered with fine timber; and a coal mine 
 has been difcovered not far from it. Here 
 is a poft ofEce, 567 miles W from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Canipeachy, a town in the audience of 
 Old Mexico, or New Spain, and province 
 of Yucatan, fituated on the bay of Cam- 
 peachy, near the W fliore. Its houfes arc 
 well built of ftonc ; when taken by the 
 Spaniards it was a large town of 3000 
 houfes, and had confiderable mommients 
 of Indian art and induftry. There is a 
 good dock and fort, with a governor and 
 garrilbn, which commands both the town 
 and harbour. It has been often ftormed 
 and taken, both by the Englifla and French 
 buccaniersjin 1659, 1678, and '''^ '" 1685, 
 when thefe freebooters united and plun- 
 dered every place within 15 leagues round 
 it, for the fpace of two months ; they af- 
 terwards fet fire to the fort a.id town, 
 which the governor, who kept the field 
 with his men, would not ranfom ; and to 
 complete the pillage by a Angular piece 
 of folly, the French buccaniers celebrated 
 the feaft of their king, the day of St. Louis, 
 by burning to the value of ^^.50,000 fter- 
 ling, of Campeachy wood, which was a 
 part of their lliare of the plunder. The 
 port is large, but fliallow It was a ftated 
 market for logwood, of which great quan- 
 tities grew in the neighbourhood, before 
 the Englifli landed there, and cut it at the 
 j ifthmus, v/hich they entered at Triefta 
 I Ifland, near the bottom of the bay, 40 
 leagues S W from Campeachy. The chief 
 manufaAure here is cotton cloth. Lat. 
 15 40, Ion. 91 30. 
 
 Campo Bella, a long and narrow ifland, 
 on the E coaft of V/afliingtou co. Maine, 
 
 and 
 
CAN 
 
 CAN 
 
 and the N eafternmofl: of all the iflands. 
 It lies at the mouth of a large bay into 
 which Cobfcook river empties, and has 
 communication with Pail'aniaqiioddy bay 
 on the N by two chanru^s ; the one be- 
 tween the W lide of Deer I. and the con- 
 tinent ; the other into the mo\ith of Pc\f- 
 famaquoddy bay, between Deer I. and the 
 N end of Campo Btllo I. which lies in 
 about N lat. 44 48, 7'he S end is 5 miles 
 N wefterly from Grand Mannan I. See 
 
 Eafport. 
 
 Camptou, a fmall townfliip in Grafton 
 CO. N. HampHiire, on the E bank of Pe- 
 migewaffet, the N head water of Merri- 
 mack R. 33 miles N E of Dartmouth Col- 
 lege, and 67 N W of Portfmouth. 
 
 Canaan, a thriving poft town in Lincoln 
 CO. Maine, on KennebeckR. 35 miles N by 
 W of Hallowell, and 233 N by E of Bof- 
 ton ; incorporated in 1 788. The head of 
 Sawhegan falls is the boundary between 
 Canaan and Noridgwock. The falls are 
 ao feet perpendicular. The river is here 
 divided by an ifland, on each fide, the 
 channel is about 120 feet wide. In the 
 town is a decent Congregational meeting 
 houfe. 
 
 Canaan, a poft town in Grafton co. N, 
 Hamplhire, 10 miles E of Dartmouth Col- 
 lege ; incorporated in 1761. 
 
 Canaan, a poft town in Litchfield co. 
 Connecticut, E of Houfatonick R. having 
 MaiTachufetts on the N. At this place 
 the water of the whole river, which is 
 about 75 yards wide, falls about 60 feet 
 nearly perpendicularly, in a perfetfl white 
 fheet, exhibiting, when the river is full, a 
 fcene exceedingly grand and beautiful. 
 On thefe falls are 2 faw mills, 2 grift, mill?, 
 a bloomery with two fires, a carding m:i- 
 chine, and 2 fulling mills. A paper mill 
 and gun lliop were burnt in 1800, and 
 have not been rebuilt. The ore which 
 fi,'.ppries the bloomery is brought 6 miles, 
 from Salifbury, and is of a fuperior kind. 
 Juft below the falls, a bridge connects 
 Canaan with Salifbury. Between) the falls 
 and bridge is a fine fpring of water, of 
 fome celebrity. Canaan is iS miles N W 
 of Litchfield. 
 
 Canaan, a townfliip in Efl'ex CO. Ver- 
 mont, is the N eafternmoft town in the 
 ftate. It ftands at the foot of the Upper 
 Great Monadnock. 
 
 Canaan, a townfliip in Columbia co. N. 
 York, having Kinderhook on the W, and 
 MaflTachufetts E. It has 5195 inhabit- 
 ants, including 31 flaves ; 663 of the fice 
 mliabitants arc eledors. 
 
 Canada^ or the Province of ^(tbec. Bf 
 the Royal Proclamation of the 7th of Odt, 
 1763, this province was bounded on the 
 E by the river St. John, and from thence 
 by a line drawn from the head of that 
 river through Lake St. John, to the S end 
 of the Lake Nepifting; from whence the 
 line crofting the river St. I>awrence and 
 lake ChampUin in the 45th parallel of N 
 latitude, paftes aloflg the high lands which 
 divide the rivers that empty themfelves 
 into the river St. Lawrence, from thofe 
 which fall into the fta ; and alfo along 
 the N coaft of the Baye de Chaleurs, and 
 the coaft of the gulf of St. Lawrence to 
 Cape Rofiers ; and from thence crofTing 
 the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, by 
 the W end of the iftand of Anticofti, ter- 
 minates at the river St. John. An act of 
 Parhament pafTed in 1774, has removed 
 the northern and weftcrn limits of Que- 
 bec, adding to its jurifdi^ion all the lauds 
 comprifed between the xiorthern bounds 
 of N. York, the weftcrn Une of Pennfyl- 
 vania, the Ohio, the MifEfippi, and the 
 fouthern boundaries of Hudfon's Bay 
 Company, 
 
 Canada, Upper, commences at a ftone 
 boundary on the N bank of the lake St, 
 Francis, at the cove W of Pointe au Eodet, 
 in the limit between the townfliip of 
 Lancaft-er and the Seigniory of New Lon- 
 guc'uil, running along the faid limit in the 
 dirccSlion of N 34° W, to the weftcrnmoQ: 
 angle of the Seigniory of New I>ongueiul ^ 
 thence along the N weftern boundary of 
 the Seigniory of Vaudreuil, running N 
 25° E, until it ftrikes the Ottawa river, 
 and afctnds by it into lakeTomifcanning ;,. 
 and from the head of that lake, by a line 
 drawn due N, until it ftrikes the bound- 
 ary line of Hudfon's Bay, v/hich is the 
 parallel of 49° N hititude, including al^ 
 the territory to the weft ward and fouth- 
 ward of the faid line, to the utmoft extent 
 of the country known by the name of 
 Canada, This province was divided into 
 19 counties- by Proclamation the i6th of 
 July, 1 792,*viz;. Addington, Dundas, Dur- 
 ham, Eflex, Erontenac, Glcngarv, Grea- 
 ville, Haftings, Kent, Leeds, Lenox, Lin- 
 coln, Norfolk, Northumberland, Ontarioj 
 Prince Edward, Stormont, SuiFoIk, York. 
 They fend 16 reprefentatives to the pro- 
 vincial parliament. Thefe counties are 
 divided into townftiips, which, ordinarily 
 
 * In confequence of the increafe of population, 
 and for other reafoiis, an atl of the provuu:i-jl. 
 parliament has lately i^alied for the furtluT iWvXU 
 ion of the province, by which tlie diftricts ar^t 
 uividcdiiito t%v Ice tlieii' ibraier nuiiibcr. 
 
CAN 
 
 Can 
 
 are a parallelogram of 9 by i a mile?. 
 From the lake St. Francis, up the St. Law- 
 rence CO lake Ontario, the noi thern bank 
 of the river, is laid out in regular coun- 
 ties and townfliips; the land is for the 
 inoft part fertile, and under as high a flate 
 of cultivation as can be expetSted from the 
 time it has been fettled ; the firft improve- 
 ments being made fince the peace in 1783, 
 ■when all was in a ftate of nature, and 
 heavily timbered. There are now be- 
 tween 30 and 40 mills in the extent men- 
 tioned on this river, the mod remarkable 
 of which are on the Gananoque. Good 
 roads have been opened and bridges well 
 conflrudled ; feme of them over wet 
 lands, and the mouths of creeks and rivers 
 of very confiderable extent ; and the firft 
 fettlers have been able, by their very 
 great indu(try,to erect comfoi*tabie houfes. 
 In the rear of thefe towiifliips on the St. 
 Lawrence are upwards of twenty others, i 
 in which fectlements have commenced, to 
 the fouthward of the Ottawa or Grand 
 river, which many of them front ; others 
 are well fupplied by the waters of the 
 Radeau,anci river Petite Nation, with the 
 Gananoque lakes and ftreams, all of which 
 afford abundance of fiiuations for mills. 
 Thefe rivers, like mon: other.s in Canada, 
 abound in carpe, fturgeon, perch, and cat 
 Bill ; the ponds affording green and other 
 turtle, with fifli of various forts. The 
 lands in their vicinity are differently tim- 
 bered according to their quality and fitu- 
 ation. The dry lands, which are gener- 
 ally high, bear oak and hickory ; the low 
 (•rounds produce walnut, afli, poplar, 
 cherry, fycamore, beach, maple, elm, &c 
 and in fome places there are fwamps full 
 of cedar and cyprefs. The banks of mo ft 
 of the creeks abound in fine pine timber, 
 and the creeks themfelves afford in gen- 
 eral good feats for faw mills ; materials 
 for building are readily procured. The 
 heads of the rivers Radeau, and Petite 
 Nation, communicate by fliort portag 's, ; 
 or carrying places, with the waters that j 
 fall into the St. Lawrewce, and promife 
 to afford great advantages to all kinds of j 
 inland communication. The forks of the 
 Radeau, about which are the townflnps 
 of Oxford, Marlborough, and Gower, 
 promife to be at fome future period, an 
 emporium for interior commerce. All 
 the townfliips on the N fide of lake On- 
 tario are well watered by fmall ftreams, 
 at the mouths of which are ponds and 
 low land, capable of being drained and 
 converted into meadows. Swytb. 
 
 Canada, Lozver, is divided into 6 dif- 
 tridls, (»vhich are fubdivided into coun- 
 ties and townfliips) viz. Montreal^x\tx\. to 
 U. Canada ; T^hr^ Rivers, adjoining it on 
 the E ; ^ebec, next eaftward. Thefe 
 three diftridts extend acrofs L. Canada, 
 from N to S, and are interfe(£ted by the 
 St. Lawrence. E of Quebec Diftridl, ex- 
 tending along the N bank of the h't. Law- 
 rence to its mouth, is Northumberland, and 
 on the S fide oppofiie is Gomivall^s ; E of 
 which is the diftriift and county of Gafpee^ 
 on the point of land, farrounded on the 
 N, E, S, and S W, by the St. Lawrence 
 river and gulf, and the Bay of Chaleurs. 
 Of Canada in generalj embracing both 
 provinces, it may be faid, thiit winter 
 continues with fuch fevcrity, from De- 
 cember to April, as th.it the largeft rivers 
 are frozen ovei, and the fnow lies com- 
 monly from four to fix feet deep during 
 the winter. But the air is fo ferene and 
 clear, and the inhabitants fo well defend- 
 ed againft the cold, that tlii? fcafon is nei- 
 ther unhealthy nor unpleafant. The 
 fpring opens fuddenly, and vegetation is 
 furpiifingly rapid. The fummer is de- 
 lightful, except that a part of it is ex- 
 tremely hot. Though the climate be 
 cold, and the winter long and tedious, the 
 foil is in general very good, and in many 
 parts both pleafant and fertile, producing 
 wheat, barley, rye, with many other forts 
 of grain, fruits and vegetables ; tobacco, 
 in particular, thrives well, and is much 
 cultivated. The ille of Orleans, near 
 Quebec, and the lands upon the river St. 
 Lawrence, and other rivers, arc remark- 
 able for the riehnefs of the foil. The 
 meadow grounds in Canada, which are 
 well watered, yield excellent grafs, and 
 feed great numbers of great and fmall cat- 
 tle. From Quebec, to Montreal, which 
 is about 1 70 miles, in failing up the river 
 St. Lawrence, the eye is entertained with 
 beautiful landfcapes, the banks being in 
 many places very bold and fteep, and 
 fliaded with lofty trees. The farms lie 
 pretty clofe all the way, fevcral gentle- 
 men's houfes, neatly buiit, fliew them- 
 felves at intervals, and there is all the 
 appearance of a flourilhing colony. Ma- 
 ny beautiful idands are interfperfcd in 
 the channel of the river, which have an 
 agreeable effc^ft upon the eye. By the 
 Quebec act, paffed by tiie Parliament of 
 Great Britain in the year 1791, it is en- 
 abled, that tliere fliall be within each of 
 the provinces of Upper and Lower Can- 
 ada, a legiflative couueil, and an affembly, 
 
 who» 
 
CAN 
 
 CAM 
 
 WKo, with the confent of the governor, ap- 
 pointed by the king, lliall have power to 
 make laws. The legiflative council is to 
 conlift of not fewer than 7 members for 
 Upper, and 15 for Lower Canada ; to be 
 uimmoned by the governor, who muft be 
 authorized by the king. Such members 
 are to hold their feats for life ; unlefs for- 
 feited by 4 years continual abfence, or by 
 iwearing allegiance to fome foreign pow- 
 er. The houfe of aflerably is to coniift 
 of not lefs than 16 members from Upper, 
 and not lefs than 50 from Lower Canada ; 
 chofen by the freeholders in the feveral 
 towns and diflricSls. The council and af- 
 fembly are to be called together at leafl: 
 once in every year, and every alTembly is 
 to continue 4 ysars, unlets fooner diflblv- 
 cd by the governor. Britiili America is 
 fuperintended by an olHcer, ftyled Gover- 
 nor General of the 4 Britifli provinces in 
 N. America, whojbefide other powers, is 
 commander in chief of all the Britifli 
 troops in the 4 provinces and the govern- 
 ments attached to them, and Newfound- 
 land. Each of the provinces has a lieu- 
 tenant governor, who, in tho abfence of 
 the governor general, has all the powers 
 requifite to a chief magiftrate. Lower 
 Canada, in 17 84, contained 113,013. Both 
 provinces contain upwards of 150,000 
 fouls, which number is multiplying both 
 by natural increafe and by immigration. 
 As muiy as about 9 icths of the inhabit- 
 ants of thefe provinces arc Roman Catho- 
 lics, who enjoy, under the prefent gov- 
 ernment, the fame provifion, rights, and 
 privileges, as were granted them in 1774, 
 by the acl of the 14th of George III. The 
 reft of the people are Epifcopalians, Pref- 
 byterians, and a few of almoft all the dif- 
 ferent fe6ts of chriftians. The amount of 
 the exports from the province of Quebec, 
 in the year 1786, was ;C;343>^6s : 19 -. 6. 
 The amount of imports in the fame year 
 was ^^,325,116. The exports confifted of 
 \vheat, flour, bifcult, flaxfeed, lumber of 
 various kinds, fifli, potalh, oil, gLnfeng and 
 other medicinal roots, but principally of 
 furs and pcltrics,tothc amount of 285,977/. 
 The imports confifted of rum, brandy, 
 molaftes, cofTeCjfugar, wines, tobacco, fait, 
 chocolate, provifions for the troops, and 
 lirv goods. This country was difcovcred 
 by the Englifli as early as about 1497 ; 
 and fettled by the French in 1608, who 
 kept poflefljon of it till I760, when it was 
 tak^n by the Britifli aums, and at the trea- 
 ty of Paris, in 1763, was ceded by France 
 to the crown of England, to whoin it has 
 
 V0L.J. is: 
 
 ever fnice belonged. One of the moft r fv. 
 markable accidents which hiftory records 
 of this country, is the earthquake in the 
 year 1663, which overwhelmed a chain of 
 mountains of frceftone more than3oomilc5 
 long, and changed the immenfe tratSt into 
 a plain. See Britijh America^ and Britaitiy 
 Nttv, for further particulars concerning 
 this country. 
 
 Canada^ a bay on the E fide of New- 
 foundland I. between White and Hare 
 bays, which laft lies N of it. 
 
 Canada Creeks. There are 3 creeks which 
 bear this name ; one a water of Wood 
 creek, which it meets 4 or 5 miles N N W 
 of Fort Stanwix or New Fort Schuyler. 
 The other two are northern branches of 
 Mohawk R. the vpper on^rfningles its wa- 
 ters with the Mohawk in the townfliip of 
 Herkemer, on the German flats, 16 miles 
 below Old Fort Schuyler ; over the mouth, 
 of it is a bridge. The<H:her empties into 
 the Mohawk 13 miles below. Both thefe 
 are long, rapid and unnavigable ftreams, 
 and bring a confiderable accelhon of w^a- 
 ter to the Mohawk. The lands on thefe 
 creeks are exceedingly rich and valuable, 
 and faft fettling. 
 
 CatiandarqueyA. lake and creek, in Ontario 
 CO. N. York. The lake is about 20 miles 
 long and 3 broad, and fends its waters in a 
 N eaftward and eaftward courfe t^s miles 
 to Seneca R. 
 
 Cartandarqucy a poft and county town in 
 Ontario co. N. York. It ftands at the N 
 end of the above lake, on the fcite of an 
 ancient town of the Indians, is built on 
 one ftreet about a mile in length, has a 
 number of elegant buildings, and is a flour- 
 ifliing place. It is 8 miles W of Geneva. 
 Inhabitants 1 153. From Wafliington 446 
 miles. A turnpike road is completed to 
 this place, and a public ftage runs to it 
 from Albany. 
 
 Canada Saga, or Seneca lale. See the latter. 
 
 Canajohary^ a poft town in Montgomery 
 CO. N. York, on the S fide of Mohawk R. a 
 fine townfliip of land, 40 miles W of Sche- 
 nectady, and s6 miles from Albany. It 
 has 2265 inhabitants. A creek named 
 Canajohary enters the Mohawk in this 
 town. In this townlhip, on the bank of 
 the Mohawk, about 50 miles from Schcr 
 neclady, is Indian Cajlle, fo called, the feat 
 of old king Hendrick, who was Idlled la 
 Sept. 1755, at Lake George, fighting for 
 the Britiih and Americans again ft. the 
 French. Here are now the remains of a 
 Britifli fort, built during that war, aboj^jt 
 60 paces f<jUAr(?. A .^oU i;tg« af the vaiup 
 
 <4f 
 
CAN 
 
 CAN 
 
 of about 7 dollars was found in thefe 
 ruin? in 1793. About a mile and half W 
 of this fort ftands a church, which is called 
 Brandt's church, which the noted chief of 
 that name is faid to have left with great 
 reluclance. This was the principal feat 
 of the Mohawk n;:tion of Indians, and 
 abounds with apple trees of their planting, 
 from the fruit of which is made cider of an 
 excellent quality. 
 
 Cananea, a fmall oblong illand in the cap- 
 talnflilp of Brazil, S. America, belonging 
 to the Portuguefe, oppolite the mouth of 
 Ararapiza R.. on the S lide of which 
 flands the town of Cananea to' guard 
 the entrance of the bay. This ifland lies 
 about 37 leagues from St. Vincent. S lat. 
 aj 10, W Ion. 47 12. 
 
 Canar Atan, or Great Canar, a village de- 
 pendent on the city of Cuenca, under the 
 jurifdiclion of the province of Quito, in 
 Peru. It is remarkable for the riches con- 
 tained in the adjacent mountains. 
 
 Canard's R.\n tj.Canada, empties itfelf in- 
 to the Detroit R. at tlie Huron cornfields, 
 fomewhat below Fighting liland. About 
 4 miles up this river are excellent mill 
 feats, to which loaded boats can go. There 
 Is a fine limeftone quarry in the rear of 
 the cornfields, nearly in the centre of the 
 Huron referve. Smyth. 
 
 Canas^ or Tinta, a jurifdic"tion in Peru, S. 
 America, fubjecSt to the bifliop of Cufco, 
 1 8 leagues from that city. The Cordille- 
 ra divides it into two parts, Canas, and 
 Canches ; the former abounding in corn 
 and frliits, the latter in cattle. In the 
 ■meadows are fed no lefs than 30,ooomules, 
 brought hither from Tucuma to pafture ; 
 and a great fair is held here for thefe crea- 
 tures. In Cqnas is the famous filver mine 
 called Condonoma. 
 
 Cancifcraga Cret-k runs N weftward Into 
 CeneiTee R. at Williamfburgh in N. York 
 Hate. 
 
 Canaivifqve, a \V branch of Tioga R. rlf- 
 es In Pennfylvanla. 
 
 CaniUfl^ a townihip In Rockingham co. 
 ^. HampHrire, N of Cheftcr, and S of 
 Decrfield> about a6 miles wcftward of 
 Portfmouth. 
 
 CairiUemas Shoals, are about 2 degrees of 
 lat. due N of Port PraPiin, difcovered, 
 named, and pafiled by Mcndana, in 1569. 
 
 Cmiettey a city in Peru, S. AmcrlGa, and 
 capital of the jurifditilion of Irs name, 
 which produces vafl: quantities of wheat, 
 maize, and fugar canes. It Is fubiecSt to the 
 archbiihop of Lima, and is 6 leagues from 
 thtt city. S lat, is 14, W Ion. 75 ^8, 
 
 Car.sy ^ori, a branch of Cumbl&rland R, 
 joining it 50 miles eafterly of Nafhvillff, 
 or 1 20 by Its meanders. At the momh It 
 is ICO yards wide. 
 
 Carji'dd^ a pofl town of Trumbull ftate, 
 Ohio, New Connecticut, 321 miles from 
 V/afliington. 
 
 Caniadcravro, a lake In Otfego CO. N. York, 
 nearly as large as Otfego lake, and 6 miles 
 W of it. A ftream called Oaks Creek if- 
 fues from it, and falls into Sufquehanna R. 
 about 5 miles below Otfego, 
 
 Canicodeo Creel-, a S W head water of Ti- 
 oga R. In N. York, which interlocks with 
 the head waters of Genefiee R. and jcini* 
 Conefleo creek 26 miles W N W from the 
 Painted PciL 
 
 Cannares, Indians of the province of 
 <2uito, in Peru. They are very well made, 
 and very atilive ; they wear their hair 
 long, which they weave and bind about 
 their heads In form of a crown. Their 
 clothes are made of wool or cotton, and 
 they wear fine fafliioned boots. Their 
 women are handfome, and fond of the 
 Spaniards ;they generally till and manure 
 the ground, whilft their hufoands at home, 
 card, fpin, and weave wool and cotton. 
 Their country had many rich gold mines, 
 now drained by the Spaniards. The land 
 bears good wheat and barley, and has fine 
 vineyards. The magnificent palace of 
 Thccmauamha was hii the country of the 
 Cannares. 
 
 Cannavcra!, Cape, the extreme point of 
 rocks on the E fide of the peninfula of E. 
 Florida. It has Mofquitos Inlet N by W, 
 and a large iTioal S by E. This was the 
 boundary of Carolina by charter from 
 Charles II. N lat. 28 2,5, W Ion. 8r 9. 
 
 Cartjiayah, a village on the N fide of 
 Wafliington I. on the N W coaft of N A- 
 merica. 
 
 Caniief;s, a town of Loulfiana, on the N 
 bank of Red R. a branch of the IVliffihppu 
 
 Canoe Ridere, a rugged mountain about 
 200 miles W of Philadelphia, forming the 
 E boundary of Bald Eagle Valley. 
 
 CammnkiLt i/7r7W, In Newport co.R.Iiland, 
 lies about 3 miles W of Newport, the S 
 end of which, (called Beaver Tail, on 
 which flands the light houfe) extends a- 
 bout as far S as the S end of Rho4e I. It 
 extends N about 7 miles. Its average 
 breadth being about one mile ; the E iliore 
 forming the W part of Newport harbour, 
 and the W fl^ore being about 3 milco from 
 the Narraganfet fliore. On this point is 
 Jameftown. It was purchafcd of the In- 
 dians in 1657, and in 1678, v/asincorpor- 
 
 ate<i 
 
CAN 
 
 CAP 
 
 ated by the name of Jameflown. The foil 
 is luxuriant, producing grain and grafs in 
 abundance. Jameflown contains 501 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Cansjifburg, a pofl town in Wafliington 
 CO. Pennfylvania, on the N lide of the W 
 branch of Chartiers Creek, which runs N 
 by E into Ohio R. about 5 miles below 
 Pittfburg. In its environs are leveral val- 
 uable mills. Here are about 50 houfes 
 and an academy. The truftees have ob- 
 tained a College charter for this inftitu- 
 tion, as alfo fonie pecuniary aid from the 
 Jegiilaturc. It has already produced a con- 
 iiderable number of valuable public char- 
 acters. The name of the college is JefTer- 
 Ibn, and it has near 100 ftudents. In the 
 vicinity of this place is a coal mine. 7 
 miles N E by E of Walhington, and 15 S 
 W of Pittfburg. 
 
 Ccutf; y or Canceau, an ifland, cape, and 
 fmall Hilling bank on the S E coad of Nova 
 Scotia, about 40 leagues E by N of Hali- 
 fax ; N lat. 45 %o. The ille is fmall, near 
 the continent ; N E from Cape Canfo, 
 which is the S eaflernmofl land of Nova 
 Scotia. Canfo has a good harbour 3 leagues 
 deep. Here are two bays of fafe anchor- 
 age. Near thefe on the conthient is a riv- 
 er called Salmon R. on account of the 
 great quantity of falmon taken and cured 
 there. It is believed to be the bed fifiiery 
 in the world of that fort. Limeftone and 
 plaifier of Paris are found on the Gut of 
 Canfo. This gut or channel is very nar- 
 row, and forms the paflagc from the At- 
 lantic into the gulf of St. Lawrence be- 
 tween Cape Breton ifland and Nova Scotia. 
 
 Canfo, a townfliip in the neighbourhood 
 of the above named place, in Halifax co. 
 
 Cantciy a town and jurifdi(£t;ion under the 
 archbiiliop of iJma, in Peru. It is cele- 
 brated for excellent papas, which meet 
 with a good market at Lima, 5 leagues 
 diftant S S W. Here are innumerable 
 flocks of fliecp, the paftures being very 
 rich and extenfive. S lat. ii 48, W louu 
 75 4.1- 
 
 Canierhury, a townfliip in Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampiliire, fituated on the caflern 
 bank of Merrimack R. 14 miles N by W 
 of Concord, 45 N W of Exeter, and 48 
 from Portfmouth. It contains 1114 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Canterbury ^z. pofl towii in Windham CO. 
 ConnecElicut, on the W fide of Quinnabaug 
 R. which feparates it from Plai afield. It 
 is 7 miles E by S of Windham, and about 
 3 4 N of Norwich. It has 3 congrcgation- 
 aJ. m^'ting houfes, and one for the Bap- 
 
 tifts, and a flourillilng academy. The W 
 part of the town on Ouinnabaug is excel- 
 lent land, highly cultivated, the houfes 
 handfome, the people in eafy circumftan- 
 ces. Inhabitants, i8iz. It is 412 miles N 
 E of Wafliington. 
 
 CantivelVs Bridge^ a pofl town; in New 
 Caltle CO. Delawaie, 141 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Cantcn, a poll town in Norfolk co. Maf- 
 fachufetts, incorporated in 1797, it being 
 formerly the northerly part of Stoughton, 
 inhabitants inc. 
 
 Cany Forly in the fcate of TeneiTee, is a 
 fhort navigable river, and runs N W into 
 Cumberland R. W of the Salt Lick, and 
 oppohte Salt Lick Creek, 30 miles in a 
 ftraight line from Nafliville. 
 
 Cafaiita, a lai'ge town in the province of 
 Guaxaca. The country round ^bounds 
 with flieep, cattle, and excellent fruit. 
 
 Cap^ St. Av.dreivs, on the coaft of Para- 
 guay, or La Plata, S. America. S lat 3$ 
 50, W Ion. 5946. 
 
 CapeSt.Antonio,h the point of land on the 
 fouthern fide of La Plata R.in S. America, 
 which, with Cape St. Mary on the north- 
 Avurd, forms the mouth of that river. S 
 lat. 36 32, W Ion, 56 34. 
 
 Cape Ht. Augujfline, on the coafl: of Brazil, 
 S. America,lies fouthward of Pcrnambuco. 
 S lat. 10 15, W Ion. 'is ^3* 
 
 Cape Bloiv me doivn, which is the. fouth- 
 ern fide of the entrance from the bay of 
 Fundy into the Bafinof Minas; is tl^.e eaft- 
 ernmofl. termination of a range of moun- 
 tains, extending about 80 or 90 miles to 
 tlie gut of Annapohs ; bounded N by the 
 fliorcs of the bay of Fundy, and S by the 
 Hiores of Annapolis R. 
 
 Cape Cor/, anciently called Mal!charre.]:)y 
 the French, is the S eaflward point of the 
 bay of MaiTachufetts, oppolite Cape Ann. 
 N lat. 4a 4, W Ion. from Greenwich, 70 
 14. See Barnjlable Co. and Pr evince Toitm. 
 
 Cape Elizabeth, a head land and townfliip 
 in Cumberland co, Maine. The cape lies 
 in N lat. 43 ^t,, F. by S from the centre 
 of the town 9 miles ;■ about aoS weflerly 
 of Cape Small Point, and 1 2 N E from the 
 mouth of Saco R. The town has Port- 
 land on the N E, and Scarborough S W", 
 and contains 1355 inhabitants. It was in- 
 corporated in 1765, and lies 126 miles N 
 E of Boftom 
 
 Cape Feary is the fouthcrn point of 
 Smith's I.Avblch divides the mouth of Cape 
 Fear R. into two channels, on the coafl: of 
 N. Carolina ; S W of Cape Look Out, and 
 remarkable for a dangerous flioal called 
 
 the 
 
CAP 
 
 CAR 
 
 the Frying Pan, from Its form- A light 
 houfe ftantls at the mouth of the river. 
 It bears W N VV from the point of the 
 Cape, 4 miles diffent. Near this cape is 
 Johnfon's Fort, in Brunfwick co. and dil- 
 trict of Wilmington. N lat. 33 32, W Ion. 
 78 25. 
 
 Cape Fear R. more properly Clarendon, 
 affords the befl: navigation in N. Carohna. 
 It opens to the Atlantic ocean by 2 chan- 
 nels. The S weflern and largeft channel 
 between the S W end of Smith's Lat Bald 
 Head, where the light houfe ftands, and 
 the E end of Oakes I. S W from Fort 
 Johnrton. The new inlet is between the 
 fea coaft and the N E end of Smith's I. It 
 will admit veflels drawing 10 or 11 feet, 
 and is abcfnt 3 miles wide at its entrance, 
 having 18 feet water at full tides over the 
 bar. It continues its breadth to the flats, 
 and is navigable for large velfels 21 miles 
 from its mouth, and 14 from Wilmington ; 
 to which town vellels drawing 10 or 12 
 feet can reach without any rifle. As you 
 afcend this river you leave Brunfwick on 
 the left, and Wilmington on the right. A 
 little above Wilmington, the river divides 
 into N E and N W branches. The form- 
 er is broader than the latter, but is neither 
 fo deep nor fo long. TJie N W branch 
 rifes within a few miles of the Virginia 
 line and is formed by the jun6lion of 
 Haw and Deep rivers. Its general courfe 
 33 S eaflerly. Sea velTels can go 25 miles 
 above Wilmington, and large boats 90 
 miles, to Fayette vi lie. The N E branch 
 joins the N W branch a little above Wil- 
 mington, and is navigable by lea veffels 
 '20 miles above that town, and by large 
 boats to South Wafliington, 40 miles fur- 
 ther, and. by rafts to Saretfto, which is 
 nearly 70 miles. The whole length of 
 Cape Fear R. is about 200 miles. 
 
 Zapc HeSlor, a cape of the N W coafl of 
 N.America, in lat 5157 20 N, Ion. 133 
 ^7 W Near it are 4 or 5 fmall ifles, call- 
 ed Kerowart Iflcs. 
 
 Cape Hope, on the N weflerly part of 
 Martha's Vineyard, on which a light houfe 
 is to be erected by order of Congrcfs. 
 
 Cape Lock Out, on the W coaft of N. A- 
 merica, lat. 45 32 N,lon. 236 11 E. 
 
 Cape Orford, on the W coaft of N. Amer- 
 icaf lat. 42 38 N, Ion. 235 44 E. The 
 complexion of the natives in the vicinity- 
 is a light olive, their difpofition is more 
 mild, and their condudl more honeft than 
 is common among American favages. 
 
 Cape May, is the S weftemmoft point of 
 the ftate of N. Jerfey, and of the county 
 
 I to which It gives name. N lat. 39, W Ion. 
 75 2. It lies 20 miles N E from Cape 
 Henlopen, which forms the S W point of 
 the mouth of Delaware bay, as Cape May 
 does the N E. 
 
 Cape May Co. fpreads northward around 
 the cape of its name, is a healthy, fandy 
 tract of country, 34 miles long, ly broad. 
 The county is divided into Upper, Mid- 
 dle, and Lower precindls. The number 
 of inhabitants is 3066, of whom 98 are in 
 flavery. At the court houfe is a poft of- 
 fice, 231 miles from Walhington. 
 
 Caperi'uaca^ a large river in Guiana, S. 
 America. 
 
 Cc^piapo, a harbour in Chili, S. America. 
 
 Caraccas, a province of Terra Firma,S. 
 America, lying on the Ibuthern coaft of the 
 Caribbean Sea. This coaft is bordered in 
 Its greateft length by a chain of moun- 
 tains, running E and W, and divided into 
 many fruitful vail ies, whole diredllon and 
 opening are towards the N. It has mari-, 
 time fortified towns, Puerto Cabelo, and 
 La Guayra. The Dutch carry thither to 
 the Spaniards all forts of European goods, 
 elpecially Hnen, making vaft returns of lil- 
 ver and cocoa. [See Robertfon's Hift. 
 Amer.Vol. III. p. 2,2>S ^^^^ 425.] The co- 
 coa tree grows here in abundance There 
 are from 500 to 2000 trees in a walk, or 
 plantation. Thefe nuts are pafled for 
 money, and are ufed as fuch in the bay of 
 Campeachy. N lat. 10 iz, W ion. 67 10, 
 See lit. "John tie Leon. 
 
 Caramanta, a province of Teira Firm?, 
 S. America, lying on the river Cauca, 
 bounded N by the diftricjl of Carthagena; 
 F2 by New Granada ; and S and W by Po- 
 payan, in the audience of Panama. It is a^ 
 valley, fur rounded by high mountains ; 
 and there are waters from which the na- 
 tives extract very good fait. The capital 
 of the fame name lies in N lat. 5 18, W 
 ion. 75 15. 
 
 Caraugas, a province and jurifdidlion 
 under the bifliop of Plata, and 70 leagues 
 W of that city, in Peru, very barren in 
 corn and grain, &.c. but atiounding in cat- 
 tle. Here are a great number of ftlver 
 mines conftantly worked, among which 
 that called Tureo, and by the miners 
 Machacado, is very remarkable. The fi- 
 bres of the lilver forming an admirable in- 
 termixture with the (tone ; fuch mines are 
 generally the richeft. There are other 
 maffes of filver in this province equally re- 
 markable, being found in the barren fandy 
 deferts, where they find, by digging only, 
 detached lumps of filver, unmixed with 
 
 any 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 sny ore or ftone. Thefe lumps arc called 
 iapas, becaule taken out of the ground as 
 that root is, and have the appearance of 
 melted iilver ; which proves that they are 
 thus formed by fufion. Some of thele pa- 
 pas have weighed from 50 to 150 marks, 
 being a Paris foot in length, 
 
 Cara-vaga, a river in Peru, S. America, 
 famed for its golden fands. 
 
 CurJ/gan, N. Hampfliire- See Orange. 
 
 Cariaco, a large gulf in the province of 
 Comana, 7'erra Firma, S. America. On 
 the northern fide at its mouth is Fort St. 
 Yflgo, in N lat. 10 7, Wlon. 63 30, and on 
 the Ibuthern fide Cape Bordones. 
 
 Ciiriacou,is the chief of thefmallifles de- 
 pendent on Grenada I. in the W.Indies ; 
 lituated 4 leagues from Ifle Rhonde, which 
 is a like diftance from the N end of Gren- 
 ada. It contains 6913 acres of fertile and 
 well cultivated land, producing about a 
 million lbs. of cotton, belide corn, yams, 
 potatoes and plantains for the negroes. 
 Jt has tv/o fugar plantations, and a town 
 
 called HillJIiorrmgh. 
 
 CarJbtaiia, now called Pan'a,OT Nctv An- 
 daliifia, which fee. 
 
 Carihbee IJIands, in the W. Indies, extend 
 in a femicircular form from the illand of 
 Porto Rico, the eafternmofl of the Antil- 
 les, to the coafl of S. America. The fea 
 thus inclofed, by the main land and the 
 ifles, is called the Caribbean Sea ; and its 
 great channel leads N weflward to the 
 head of the gulf of Mexico, through the 
 Sea of Honduras. The chief of thefe ifi- 
 ands are Santa Cruz, Sombuca, Anguilla, 
 St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbuda, Sa- 
 ba, St. Euftatia, St. Chriftopher, Nevis, 
 Antigua, Montferat,Guadaloupe, Defeada, 
 Mariagalantej Dominico, Martinico, St. 
 Vincent, Barbadoes, and Grenada. Thefe 
 are again clafled into Windward and Lee- 
 ward ifles by feamen, v/ith regard to the 
 pfual courfes of fliips from Old Spain or 
 to the Canaries, to Carthagena or New 
 Spain and Porto Bello. The geographi- 
 cal tables and maps clafs them into great 
 and little Antilles ; and authors vary niHch 
 coccerning this lafl: difi:in(5lion. See Art- 
 iillfs. The Chara'ibcs or Caribbees were the 
 ancient natives of the Windward illands, 
 hence many, geographers confine the term 
 to thefe ifles only. Moft of thefe v/ere 
 anciently pofieiTed by a nation of canni- 
 bals, the terror of the mild and inofTenfive 
 inhabitants of Hifpaniola ; who frequent- 
 ly expreffed to Columbus their dread of 
 thefe fierce invaders. Thus when thefe 
 •iflands were afterwards difcovered by that 
 
 great man, they were denominated Char- 
 ibbean Ifles. The infular Charaibes are 
 fuppofed to be immediately defcended 
 [ from the Galibis Indians, or Charaibes of 
 S. America. 
 
 Caribou^ an ifland towards the E end of 
 Lake Superior. 
 
 Cartpous, a nation of S. America, inhab- 
 iting a country to the N of the river Am- 
 azon ; who are at perpetual war with the 
 Carribbees. 
 
 Carleton IJland, Upper Canada, lies near 
 to Grand Illand, oppolite to Kingfton, and 
 nearefl the S fliore, where Lake Ontario 
 defcends into the St. Lawrence : Kingf- 
 ton garrifon furniflies a detachment to 
 this place. Smyth. 
 
 Carl/fe, a town of Middlesex co. Mafla- 
 chufetts, containing 634 people, ao miles 
 from Bofton. 
 
 Carlijle^ a poft and chief town of Cum- 
 berland CO. Pennfylvania, on the port road 
 from Philadelphia to Pittfburg ; is 125 
 miles W by N from the former, and 1 78 E 
 from the latter, and 18 S \\'^ from Harrif- 
 burgh. Its fituation is pleafant and heal- 
 thy, on a plain near the fouthern bank of 
 Conedogwinet creek, a water of the Suf- 
 quehanna. The town contains above 400 
 houfes, chiefly of ftone and brick, and 
 203a inhabitants. The ftrects interfecT: 
 each other at right angles, and the public 
 buildings are a college, court honfe and 
 gaol, and 4 edifices for public worfliip. 
 Of thefe the Prefi^yterians, Germans, L- 
 pifcopalians, and Roman Catholics, have 
 each one. Dickinfon College, named af- 
 ter the celebrated John Dickinfon, Lfq. 
 author of feveral valuable trails, hag a 
 principal, 3 profeflbrs, a philofophical ap- 
 paratus, and a library containing near 
 3000 volumes. Its revenue arifes from 
 ;(^4000 in funded certificates, and io,coo 
 acres of land. In 1787 there were 80 
 ftudents, and its reputation is increaiing. 
 This town has had a rapid growth. 
 
 Carli/Ic, a bay on the V7 fide of the ifl- 
 and of Barbadoes, in tlie W. Indies, be- 
 tween James and Charles Forts, on v.^iich 
 ftands Bridgetown, the capital of the ill- 
 and, in N lat. 13 9, W Ion. 60 3. 
 
 Carlos, a fort on the N coaft of Terra 
 Firma, on an iiland which commands the 
 channel betVv^een the gulf of VciiCzuela, 
 and that of Maracaybo, about so miles N 
 from the town of Maracaybo. 
 
 Carlos, or "Juan Ponce. See Calos. 
 
 Carlos a town of Veragua, in N. Spain, 
 45 miles S W of Santa Fe. It ftands on ji 
 large bay, N lat. 7 40, W Ion. 8i 10. 
 
 Garhfa, 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carhfa^ a towii in the interior of Brazil, 
 j!h the 15 th degree of S lat. on the S E fide 
 of St. Francis R. and N by W from Villa 
 Nova. 
 
 CarmelyZ town fl lip in Dutchefs co. N. 
 York, 12 miles N E of Peeklkill, having 
 1979 inhabitants. 
 
 Cannflo, a river on the coaft of New Al- 
 bion, S eaftward of Francifco Bay, N lat. 
 36 SS' -^ little northward from it is Sir 
 Francis Drake's harbour, where that navi- 
 gator ipent 5 weeks. 
 
 Car.wi-O) a cape in the S. Sea, near Santa 
 Maria, on the coail of Peru. Lat. i 25 S, 
 Ion. 77 '.o W. 
 
 CarmfwlL-^ the chief town of Franklin 
 CO. Georgia, 100 miles N W of Augufla. 
 It contains a court houfe, and gaol. An 
 academy is eftabliOied here. 
 
 Carolina. See Ilorth Caro/ifta and South 
 Carolina. > 
 
 Caroline Co. in Virginia, is on the S fide 
 of Rappahannock R. which feparates it 
 from King George's co. It is about 40 
 miles fquarc, and contains 6857 free in- 
 habitants, and 10,581 Haves. 
 
 Carolina Co. on the eafiem lliore in Ma- 
 ryland, borders onDelaware flate to the E, 
 and contains 9226 inhabitants, including 
 1865 flaves. It is 34^ miles long, 16 broad. 
 It is well watered by Choptank R. 'f ucka- 
 hor and Marlliy Hope Creeks. Its chief 
 town Danton. 
 
 Car or a., a town of Terra Firma, N.Amer- 
 ica, abont no miles N E from Gibraltar 
 t)n IVIaracaybo Lake. 
 
 Carouge, Point, the northemmoft extrem- 
 ity of the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W. 
 Indies ; 2S miles N from the town of St. 
 
 Carry a plantation in Lincoln co. Maine. 
 
 Carrantafca Lagoon, is a large gulf on the 
 S fide of the bay of Honduras, about 70 
 miles N W of Cape Gracios a Dios, and 
 nearly as far S E from Brev/ers Lagoon. 
 
 Carter, a CO. in the ftate of Teneflee, 
 formed of a part of the co. of Wafliington. 
 It is bounded on the N by fiullivan co. E 
 ])y N. Carolina, S and W by Wafliington 
 CO. It is watered by the Watuga and its 
 branches, and contains 4813 people, of 
 whom 208 are flaves. 
 
 Carteret Cape. See Roman. 
 
 Cjrtcrety a maritime co. of Newbern dif- 
 trict, N. Carolina, on Core and PamHco 
 Sounds. It contains 3982 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 796 flaves. Beaufort is the chief 
 town. 
 
 Carter s Valley, a pleaiant and fertile val- 
 ley on the waters of Holfton R. feveraj 
 
 miles wide, and about 40 miles long, run- 
 ning from the edge of Virginia,in a S wefl- 
 eiiy dire<ftion fo as to include Rogerfviile, 
 in Tcnefree. It croffes the N fork of Hol- 
 llon and feveral creeks. 
 
 Curtcifville, a pofl town in Powhatan co. 
 Virginia, on the S fide of James R. 40 
 miles above Puchmond. 
 
 Carthage. See Moore Ceurt Houfe. 
 Carth:ig>-na, a bay, harbour, and town, 
 and the chief fea port in Terra Firma, S. 
 America. The city of Cartiiagena is large, 
 rich, and fcrongly fortified, and tho chief 
 of the province of the fame name, with a 
 bifliop's fee, and one of the befl harbours 
 in America. 'I 'he entrance into this is fo 
 narrow that only one fliip can enter at a > 
 time ; and it is defended by 3 forts. All 
 the revenues of the king of Spain from 
 N.Grenada and Terra Firma, are brought 
 to this place. Sir Francis Drake took this- 
 city, arid carried off immenfe plunder in 
 I 1585. The French plundered it in 1697 ; 
 i but Adni. Vernon, hi 1741, though he had 
 j taken the caftles, was obliged to abandon 
 I the liege, for want of ikill in the command- 
 ers of the land forces, and the ficknefs 
 ; that was among them, not to mention the 
 ' difference between the admiral and the 
 general. The ftreets of the town are 
 \ ftraight, broad and well paved. T he houf- 
 es are built of flone or brick, and are one 
 fiory high, and contains 25,000 fouls.. 
 Here is iilfo a court of inquifition. N lat. 
 ; 10 27, W Ion. 75 22. 
 I Carthago, formerly a confiderable town 
 of Nev.'- Spain in N America, in the prov- 
 ' ince of Colla Rica, v/ith a biiliop's fee, and 
 the feat of a Spanifa governor ; at prcf- 
 : ent mean and inconfiderable ; and is 360 
 \ miles W of Panama. N lat. 9 5, W Ion. 83. 
 Carvel of St. Thomas, a rock between the 
 ; Virgin iHes E and Porto Rico oi^^the W. 
 , At a fmall diftance it appears like a fail, 
 as it is white imd has two points. Between 
 : it, and St. Thomas, paffes Sir Francis. 
 
 Drake's channel. 
 ; Carver^ a townfiiip in Plymouth co.- 
 ' Maflachufetts. Here is a pond with fuch 
 ' plenty of iron ore, that 500 tons have 
 i been dragged out of the clear water in a 
 i year. I'hey have a furnace upon a flream 
 j which runs from the pond ; and the iron 
 ! made of this ore is better than that made 
 j out of bog ore, and fome is almofl: as good 
 : as refined iron. It is 50 miles S E from 
 Boftou, and contains 863 fouls. 
 
 Carver's JUver, a branch of St. Peter's R. 
 which empties into the Millifippi. See 
 St. Pierre^ or Pder's River. 
 
 CafacorcT^ 
 
C AS 
 
 eAf 
 
 Cjfucores, a lake in Paraguay or La 
 Plata in S. America, about too miles 
 long. 
 
 Cci/co Bay, m Maine, fpreads N W be- 
 tween Cape Elizabeth on the S W, and 
 Cape Sniail Point on the N E. Within 
 tliefe points, which are about 40 miles 
 apart, are about 300 Irnall iflands, fome 
 of which are inhabited, and nearly all 
 more or lels cultivated. The land on 
 thefe iflands, and on the oppofite coaft 
 on the main, is the beft for agriculture 
 of any on the fea coaft of this country. 
 Cafco includes levcral bays. Ala^uo/t Buy 
 lies about 20 miles N of Cape Elizabeth. 
 The waters of Cafco extend feveral arms 
 or creeks of fait wafer into the country. 
 The waters go up Meadcws R. where vef- 
 fels of a confiderable lize are carried by 
 the tide, and where it flows within i mile 
 of the waters of Kenncbeck. On the E 
 fide of Cape Elizabeth is the arm of the 
 fea called Siroudivater. Farther E is Pte- 
 fumpfcot R, formerly called Prefumpkcag, 
 which rifes in Sebago Pond. This river 
 opens to the Avaters of Cafco Bay on the 
 E of Portland ; its extent is not great, 
 but it has feveral valuable mills upon it. 
 Royal's R. called by the natives Weftecuf- 
 tego, falls into the bay 6 miles from Pre- 
 fumpfcot R. It has a good harbour at 
 its mouth for fmall veiTcls ; and has fev- 
 eral mills upon it ; 2 miles higher a fall 
 obftru(5ls the navigation. Between it and 
 Kennebeck there are no rivers ; fome 
 creeks and harbours of Cafco Bay pro- 
 je<St into the main land, affording har- 
 bours for fmall veflels, and interfed:ing 
 the country in various forms. 
 , Cij/quipibiac, a river on the N fide of 
 Chaleur Bay, at the mouth of which is a 
 fmal! cod and falmon fifnery. 
 
 Cafpcan, or Beautiful, a fmall lake in 
 Greenfborough, Vcrn.ont. It has Hazen 
 block houfc on its weftern fide. It is a 
 head water of "La Moilie river. 
 
 Cajfitah, or Cujjitah, an Indian town, in 
 the weftern part of Georgia, which, as 
 well as the Cow< ta town, is 60 miles be- 
 low the Horfe Ford, on Chattahoufee 
 river, ?nd i% above the Broken Arrow. 
 
 Cajifle del Cro. See Terra Firma. 
 
 Cafine, a pofl and fhire town of Han- 
 tock CO. J^-i'.iine, is fituated on Penobfcot 
 bay. It was taken from the town of Pe- 
 nobfcot, and incorporated in Feb. 1796. 
 It is named after a French gentleman who 
 
 refided here 140 years ago. It is a flour- 
 illiingplacr, and has 665 inhabitants. 
 Cajtlne Rivir^h about 1 4 miios long, is 
 
 11 navigable for 6 miles, and has feveral 
 ' mills at the head of it. It empties into 
 Penobfcot bay. 
 
 Cafihtoivn, a townfliip in Richmond co. 
 Statcu I. N. York, which contains IO55 
 I inhabitants, including ico flaves. 
 
 CaJlLton, a townfliip and river in Rut- 
 ! land CO. Vermont, 20 miles S E of Mt. In- 
 } dependence at Ticonderoga. Lake Bom- 
 j bazon is chiefly in this town, and fends 
 j its waters into Caflleton R. which, riling 
 , in Pittsford, paffes through this town in a. 
 S wefterly courfe, and falls into Pultney 
 R. in the town of Fairhaven, a little be* 
 low Col. Lyon's iron works. Fort War- 
 ner (lands in this town. Inhabitants 
 1038. 
 
 Cajlors R in Newfoundland, I. empties 
 in the harbour of St. John's. Its fize is 
 confiderable for 15 miles from the fea. 
 
 Cajlroy a ftrong town in S. America, in 
 Chili, and capital of the ifland of Chiloe. 
 It was taken by the Dutch in 1643, and 
 is 1 80 miles S of Baldivia ; fubje<3: to 
 Spain. 
 
 Cajlro Virreyna, or Vircgna, a town and 
 jurifdi(5lion, in S. America, in Peru, fulr*- 
 je<ft to the archbilliop of Lima, remark- 
 able for it valuable wool, grain, fruits, 
 filver mines, tobacco, and wholefome air. 
 The town is 1 25 miles S E of Lima. S 
 lat. 12 50, W Ion. 74 45. 
 
 Cafii-dl Co. in Hillfborough diflria:, N. 
 Carolina, borders on Virginia N. It con- 
 tains 8701 inhabitants, of whom 2788 are 
 Haves. Leelburg is the chief town. At 
 the court houfeisa poll: office, 326 miles 
 from Walliington. 
 
 Cat IJland, or Guanabani, one of the Ba- 
 hama lilands. It was the firft land dif- 
 covered by Columbus, to which he gave 
 the name of St. Salvadore, Odl. 11, 1492. 
 It lies on a particular bank to the E of 
 the Great Bahama Bank, from which it 
 is parted by a narrow channel, called 
 Exuma Sound. N lar. 24 30, W Ion. 
 74 50- 
 
 Catahaiu Rimer. See JVatsree. 
 
 Catabaiv Indians, a fmall tribe who have 
 one town called Catabaw, fituated on the 
 river of that name, N lat. 34 49, on thft. 
 boundary line between N. and S. Carolina, 
 and contains about 450 inhabitants, of 
 I which about 150 are fighting men. They 
 are the only tribe which refides in the 
 ftate : 144,000 acres of land were granted 
 them by the proprietary government. 
 Thefe are the remains of a formidable na- 
 tion, the braveft and moft generous enemy 
 the fix nations had ; but they have de- 
 generated 
 
CAV 
 
 CAV 
 
 *«iiefated fince they have been fuiTOund- 
 cd by the whites. 
 
 Catahaiv Springs^ Lincoln CO. N. Caroli- 
 na. Here is a poll office, 495 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 CataraqtiUy or CaUraqui, appear in old 
 maps, thus varied, as the name of Lake 
 Ontario, and its cutlet Iroquois R. but 
 thefe names are now obfolete. 
 
 CaiaiJoeJTy^ a poft town in Northumber- 
 land CO. Pcnnlylvania, on the S E bank of 
 the K branch of Sulquehanna R. oppofite 
 the mouth of Filhing Creek, and about 
 ao miles NE of Sunbury. 
 
 Cuthanse, a finall river in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, which rifes inTopihara, and emp- 
 ties into Merrry Meeting Bay, and has 
 fcveral mills upon it. 
 
 Catherine JJk, St. is on the coaft of Bra- 
 ?:il, two leagues in breadth from E to W, 
 and more than ic. leagues long from N to 
 S. The narrowefl: part of the channel, 
 which feparates it from the main, is not 
 more than aoo toifes wide. On this point, 
 extendingintothe channel,isthecity Noftra 
 Senora del Deftero, containing 400 houfes, 
 and 3000 inhabitants. It is the refidence 
 of the Governor, and capital of the 111- 
 and. The fettlements are near the ftiore. 
 A great part of the ifland is covered by 
 impervious forefts of lofty evergreens, 
 where fnakes of mortal poifon lurk. Veg- 
 etables, fruits and corn fpontaneoufly rile 
 from this fertile foil. Plants, orange trees, 
 and flirubs of delightful fragrance cover 
 the plantations. Whales abound in the 
 furrovmding waters. Lat. 27 10 S, Ion. 49 
 49 W. Alfb a pleafant ifland in the har- 
 bour of Sunbury, Georgia. Alfo, a fmall, 
 produ6live ifland on the fouth coaft of St. 
 Domingo, ao leagues eaftward of the town 
 of St. Domingo. 
 
 Cuthcrints Town, in Tioga CO. N. York, 
 at the S end of Seneca lake. Here is a 
 poft office, 390 miles from Wailiington. 
 It has ^lG inhabitants. 
 
 Catjhill, a poft town. Green co. N. York, 
 383 milesfrom Wafliington. 
 
 Catabunk, one of the Elizabeth ifles. In 
 the ftate of Maftachufetts. See Buz- 
 acntff Bay. 
 
 Cathcraugus Creel, a confiderable ftream- 
 Wiiich runs into I^akeErie. Six miles from 
 its mouth is a village of Seneca Indians. 
 
 Caiica, a river in the ifthmus of Darlen, 
 whofe fource is in common with that of 
 I>a Magdaleua, in the lake Papos, near 
 (he 8th deg. of S lat. and which falls into 
 this laft river. 
 
 CaiaUo^ a fea port town in the prov- 
 
 ince of Venezuela or ifthmus of Darierfj 
 25 miles N E of St. Jago de Leon. It \i 
 well fortified, and in a former war wa^ 
 unfuccefsfully attacked by Commodore 
 Knowles. Lat. 10 15, Ion. 68 1 ^. 
 
 Cwvaillony a town on the S lide of the 
 S peninfuia of the iHand of St. Domingo, 
 about three leagues N E of Les Cayes, and 
 5 W by S of St. Louis. N lat. 18 16. 
 
 Cavetidlfj, a poft town in Windfor co. 
 Vermont, W of Weathers{ield,on Blackriv- 
 er,having 1016 inhabitants. Upon thisriv- 
 er, and within this townfliip, the chan- 
 nel has been worn down ico feet, and 
 rocks of very large dimenfions have been 
 undermined and thrown down one upon 
 another. Holes are wrought in the rock* 
 of various dimenfions, and forms ; fome 
 cylindrical, from i to 8 feet in diameter, 
 and from i to 15 feet in depth ; others are 
 of a fpherical form, from 6 to 20 feet di- 
 ameter, worn almoft perfectly fmooth, in- 
 to the folid body of a rock. 
 
 Cavogliero, a bay on the S fide of the if- 
 land of St. Domingo, at the mouth of the" 
 river Romaine, 24 leagues E of St. Domin- 
 
 Cdxamarqua, a jurifdiclion in Peru, S. 
 America, under the bifliop of Truxillo, 
 lying between the two Cordilleras of the 
 Andes ; it produces plenty of all kinds of 
 grain, fruits and vegetables ; alfo cattle, 
 and efpecially hogs. They have here a 
 coniiderable trade with Chincay, l^ima, 
 Truxillo, &c. Here the Indians weave 
 cotton for fliips' fails, bed curtains, quilts, 
 hammocks, &c. There are fome lilver 
 mines, but of little confequence. The 
 town of the fame name is lituated N E 
 frpm the city ofTruxillo. 
 
 Caxafnarquda, a fmall jurifdicStion fike- 
 wife in Peru, under the bifhop of Trux- 
 illo. 
 
 Cayahaga, or Cayuga, fometimes called- 
 the Great river,in Ohio State,Trumbullccx 
 empties in at the S bank of Lake Eric, 40 
 miles eaftward of the mouth of Huron ; 
 having an Indian tov/n of the fame name 
 on its banks. It is navigable for boats ; 
 and its mouth is wide, and deep enough to 
 receive large Hoops from the lake. Near 
 I this are the celebrated rocks which project 
 jl over the lake. I'hey are feveral miles in 
 length, and rife 40 or 50 feet perpendiciv- 
 lar out of the water. Some parts of thcia 
 conftft of feveral ftrata of different col- 
 ours, lying in a horizontal direv5lIon ; and 
 fo exactly parallel, that they rtfemble the 
 work of art. The view from the land is 
 grand, but the water prefenta the moft 
 maiiuiiicent 
 
't A Y 
 
 CAY 
 
 *?na^nifi<Jent profpeA of this fubllme work 
 cf nature; it is attended, however, with 
 great danger ; for if the leafl; (torm arifes, 
 the force of the furf is fuch that no vef 
 fel can efcapc being dallied to pieces 
 againfl: the rocks. Col. Broadfliead fuf- 
 fered iliipwreck herein the late war, and 
 loft a number of his men, when a flrong 
 wind arofe, I'o that the laft canoe narrow- 
 ly cfcaped. The heathen hidians, when 
 they pals this impending danger, offer a 
 facrifice of tobacco to the water. Part of 
 the boundary line between the U.S A. and 
 the Indians, begins at the mouth of Caya- 
 lioga, and runs up the fame to the portage 
 between that and the Tufcarawa branch 
 of the Mufkingum. The Cayuga nation, 
 conlifting of 500 Indians, 40 of whom re- 
 fide in the United States, the reft in Can- 
 ada, receive of the ftate of N. York an 
 annuity of 2300 dollars, befidcjo dollars 
 granted to one of their chiefs, as a con- 
 iideration for lands fold by them to the 
 ftate, and 500 dols, from the United States, 
 agreeably to the treaty of 1794. Sec Six 
 I^ations. 
 
 Cayenne, k province in S. America, be- 
 longing to the French, and the only part 
 of the continent whicix they pollefs ; 
 bounded N and E by the Atlantic ocean ; 
 S by Amazonia ; and W by Guiana, or 
 Surinam. It extends 240 miles along the 
 coaft of Guiana, and nearly 300 miles 
 within land ; lying between the equator 
 and the 5 th degree of N lat. The coaft 
 is low and marlliy, and fubjevSl to inunda- 
 tions, from the multitude of rivers which 
 rufti down the mountains with great im- 
 petuoiity. The foil is in many places fer- 
 tile, producing fugar, tobacco, Indian corn, 
 fruits, &c. The French have taken pof- 
 feflion of an ifland upon the coaft called 
 alfo Cayenne, which, as likewife the whole 
 country, takes its name from the river 
 that is northward of it. 
 
 Cayenne R. rjfcs in the mountains near 
 the lake of Paime, runs through the coun- 
 try of the Galibis, a nation of Charibbee 
 Indians, and is 100 leagues long ; the ifl- 
 and which it environs, is 18 leagues in 
 circuit, is good and fertile, but unhealthy. 
 In 175a, the exports of the colony were 
 260,541 lbs. of arnotto, 80,363 lbs. fugar, 
 .17,919 lbs. cotton, 26,881 lbs. cofFee,9i,9i6 
 lbs. cocoa, befide timber and planks. The 
 French firft fet:led here in 1615, and built 
 the fort of Ceperoa, but were often forc- 
 ed to quit it, yet returiied thither again, 
 as in 1640, 1652, and 1654, and v/ere forc- 
 ed to leave it for want of reinforcements. 
 Vol. l L 
 
 The Dutch fettled here in 1 65 6, but wef© 
 driven out by M. de la Barre. TheDutch 
 had their revenge in 1676, and drove out 
 the French ; but were themlelves bett 
 out, the year after, by D'Eftrees. 
 
 Cjyes, Les^ a feaport town on the S fide; 
 of theS peninfula of the ill. of St.Domingo, 
 13 leagues W by S of St. Louis. N lat. 18 12. 
 
 Cayloma, a jurifdidHon under the bifliop 
 of Arequipa, 32 leagues E of that city, ia 
 S.America, in Peru, famous for the filver 
 mines in the mountains of the fame name ; 
 which are very rich, though they have 
 been worked for a long time. The coun- 
 try round it is cold and barren. Inhere is 
 an office here for receiving the king's 
 fifths, and vending quickfilver. 
 
 Caymans, 3 fmall iflands, ^$ leagues N 
 N V/ of the ifland of Jamaica, W. I. the 
 moft foutherly of which is called the Great 
 Caymans, which is inhabited by 160 peo- 
 ple, w^ho are defcendants of the old buc- 
 caniers. It has no harbour for fliips of 
 burden, only a tolerable anchoring place 
 on the S W. The climate and foil are 
 fingularly falubrious, and the people are 
 vigorous and commonly live to a great 
 age. They ralfe all kinds of produce for 
 their own ufe and to fpare. Their chief 
 employment is to pilot vefTels to the adja- 
 cent iilands, and to fiili for turtle ; with 
 which laft they fupply Port Royal and 
 other places in great quantities. Great 
 Caymans lies in N lat. 15 ^j 8, W Ion. 80 50. 
 
 Cay?mtc, Grande, an iHand on the N fide 
 of the S peninfula of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, 2 leagues long and I broad. 
 
 Cayuva, a CO. of N. York, containing 
 21,636 inhabitants. It is watered by Ca- 
 yuga Lake, and the branches of Ofwego 
 R. The lands are fertile. The principal 
 town of the fame name, has a poft office 
 439 miles from Walliington. 
 
 Cayuga, a beautiful lake in Cayuga op. 
 N. York, from 35 to 40 miles long, about 
 2 miles vv ide,!n fome places 3, and abounds 
 with falmon; bafs, cattiiL, eels, &c. It lie» 
 between Seaeca and Owafco lake, and at 
 the N end empties into Scayace P^ which. 
 is the S eaftern part of Seneca R. ^^'hofe 
 waters run to lake Ontario. A bridge is 
 ereeted over this lake on the turnpike 
 road from Albany to Niagara. It is laid om 
 2IO tr cities, each ccnfifts of 3 pofts, con- 
 nedled by 4 girts and 4 braces. The pofts 
 are funk to hard gravel which is generally 
 about 30 feet from the furface cf the wa-» 
 ter. Ti\ey are 25 feet apart. Its length 
 is one mile, the expenfe was 20,oco dollars. 
 The rel'erv^tiqn lands <?f tl;e Cayuga lur 
 
C H A 
 
 CHA 
 
 liirans lie on both fides of the lake, at its 
 northern end. 
 
 Cazares, a town of Mexico. See An^do. 
 
 Cazsnoviay a thriving port town in Che- 
 nango CO, N. York, 40 miles wefhvard of 
 Whiteflown. It has 3080 inhnbitants. 
 1^ C'cil, a townlTiip in Wailiington co. 
 Pennfyivania. 
 
 Cecil, a CO. of Maryland, on the eaftern 
 fhore of the Chefapeak, containing 9018 
 inhabitants, 2103 oftheieare Haves 
 
 Cedar Like in U. Canada, through which 
 paiTes the Sulkatchawine, which runs into 
 Winipeg lake. It is from 4 to iz miles 
 wide, exclulive of its bays. Its banks are 
 covered with v/ood, wJiich abound in 
 game ; its waters are ftored with fifli. 
 
 Cedar Point, a port of entry in Charles 
 CO. Maryland, on the E fide of Patowmac 
 R. about 12 miles below Port Tobacco, 
 and 96 S by W of Baltimore. Its exports 
 are chiefly tobacco and Indian corn, and 
 in 1794, amounted in value to 18,593 dol- 
 lars. 
 
 Cedar Pmnt, a cape on the W fide of 
 Delaware Bay in St. Mary's co. Mir -land. 
 
 Cedar L'ck, a fait fpring in Tenelfee, 19 
 miles from Nafliviile. 
 
 Centre,2i CO. of Pennfyivania, bounded N 
 by Lycoming, and E by Northumberland, 
 containing 93,824 acres. Chief town, 
 Bellefont. 
 
 Centreville, the chief town of Queen 
 Anne's co. and on the E fide of Chefapeak 
 bay in Maryland. It is a port town, and 
 lies between the forks of Corlica creek, 
 whicii runs into Cheiler R. 18 miles S of 
 ehefler ; -54 S E by E of Baltimore, and 
 95 S W by S of Philadelphia- N lat. 39 6, 
 
 Centre'uilie, a poft town of Fairfax CO. Vir- 
 ginia, 26 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Cejfares, a territory northward of Pata- 
 gonia In S America, in the 48th degree of 
 S lat inhabited by a mixt tribe of that 
 iiame, dcfcended from the Spaniards ; be- 
 ing the dcfcendants of 3 fliips that were 
 wrecked on this coaft in 1540. 
 
 Chahaquiddich IJle, belongs to Duke's CO. 
 Maflachufetts. It lies near to, and ex- 
 tends acrofs the E end of Martha's Vine- 
 yard ifland. 
 
 Chacapoyas, a jurifdidtion under the bifli- 
 Op of Truxlllo, in Peru, S. America. The 
 Indians make a great variety of cottons 
 and tapeflry here, which for the livelinefs 
 of the colours and neatnefs of the work 
 deferve attention. They alfo make cotton 
 fail cloth It lies within the Cordilleras. 
 
 Cha6iaivs, or flat heads, are a powerful, 
 Ji^dy, fubtiU" and intrepid race of ludians. 
 
 who inhabit a very fine and extenriTS*- 
 trad: of hilly country, with large and fer- 
 tile plains intervening between the Ala- 
 bama and MilTifippi rivers, and in thci 
 weftern part of the (tate of Georgia. This- 
 nation had, not many years ago, 43 towns 
 and villages, in 3 divifions, containing 6000 
 fouls. They .are called by the traders 
 Flatheads, ail the males having the fore 
 and hiud part of their ikulls artificially 
 flattened when young. Thefe men.unli ke 
 the Miifcogulges, are flovenly and negli- 
 gent in every part of their drefs, but 
 otherwife are faid to be ingenious, fenii- 
 ble, and virtuous men, bold and intrepid, 
 yet quiet and peaceable. Some late trav- 
 ellers, however, have obferved that they 
 pay little attention to the moft necelTarr 
 rules of moral condudb, at leafl; that uti-- 
 natural crimes were too frequent amonrr 
 them. Different from moH: of the Indian 
 nations bordering on the U. States, they 
 have large plantations or country farms, 
 where they employ much of their time in 
 agricultural impruvenients, after the man- 
 ner of the white people. Although theif 
 territories are not fth fo large as thofe of 
 the Mufcogulge confederacy, the number' 
 of inhabitants is greater. 'I'he Cha(5lawg 
 and Creeks are inveterate enemies to each 
 other. If any of their people are killed, 
 they feek fatisfaiStion by killing one of tlie 
 nation to which the murderer belonged, 
 unmindful of perfonal guilt. Their dead 
 are laid on fcaffolds, till the flefli feparates 
 from the bones, which are waflied, put in 
 a coffin, and carried to the bone houfe. 
 When tlie houfe is full there is a general 
 Interment, a folemn procefTion, great la- 
 mentations, and a feftival, called the feaft 
 of the dead. The white Inhabitants havd, 
 fettled to the line of the Cha6law nation. 
 
 Chadbniirne's R. Maine, called by fome 
 Great Works R. about "^^o miles from the 
 mouth of the Bonnebeag Pond, from which 
 it iffues. It is faid to have taken its latter 
 name from a mill with 18 faws, moved by- 
 one wheel, erecfbed by one Lodors. But 
 the project was foon laid afide. The form- 
 er name is derived from Mr. Cliadbourne, 
 one of the firll: fottlers, M^ho purchafed the 
 land on the mouth of it, of the natives, and 
 whofe pofterlty poiTeis it at this day. 
 
 Chafaluya,T, miles below the river Roug^, 
 Is the weflernmoft branch of the Miffifip- 
 pi, and after running many miles through 
 one of the mofl fertile countries In the 
 v/orld, falls into the Bay of St. Barnard, a 
 confiderable diflance weflvvard of t-hc 
 ctbei- inouths of tJje Miihlippi, Hutchir^. 
 
 Cbavrft. 
 
CH A 
 
 CHA 
 
 f^hagre, a river and town In Terra Fir- 
 ifta, S. America. The river opens to the 
 N. Sea, and was formerly called I^agortas, 
 from the number of alligators in it ; has its 
 fource in the mountains near Cruces, and 
 its mouth is in N lat. 9, where there is a 
 ftrong fort, built on a deep rock, on the E 
 Ude near the fea fliore. This fort has a 
 commandant, and lieutenant, and the gar- 
 rifon is draughted from Panama, to which 
 you go by this river, landing at Cruces^ 
 about 5 leagues from Panama, and thence 
 erne travels by land to that city, Oppo- 
 fite to fort Chagre is the royal cuftom 
 houfe. Here the river is broadefl, being 
 120 toifes over ; whereas, at Cruces,whcre 
 it begins to be navigable,it is only 20 toifes 
 wide ; from the town of Chagre, to the 
 mouth of the river, is 21 miles N W by W, 
 but meafuring by water is 43 miles. There 
 is at Cruces an alcalde, who lives at the 
 cuftom houfe, and takes an account of all 
 goods on the river, Chagre fort was tak- 
 en by Adm. Vernon, in 1 740. 
 
 Chalco Lake See Mex'co. 
 
 Chaleur Bay, in L. Canada, projecSls W 
 and N W from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 It has the Britifli province of N. Brunf- j 
 wick on the S and the diftrlvfc and co. I 
 of Gafpee on the N. On its N flaore are | 
 the townfliips of Hopetov/n, Cox, Hamil- j 
 ton, N. Richmond, Maria, and Carleton. \ 
 The river Riftigouche empties into the W 1 
 end of this fine bay. 
 
 Chambi-rjljurg, a poll town, in Pennfylva- 
 nia, and the chief of Franklin co. 'it is ' 
 lituated on the eaftern branch of Conogo- j 
 cheague creek, a water of Potovvmac R. in { 
 a rich and highly cultivated country, and 
 healthy fituation. Here are about 200 houf- 
 es, 2 Prefbyterian churches, aflonegao],a 
 handfome court houfe, built of brick, a 
 paper and merchant mill. A fupreme 
 court is held here once a year, and a court 
 of common pleas, and general quarter fef- 
 fions of the peace the firft: Monday in Feb. 
 May, Sept. and Dec. It is 58 miles E by 
 S of Bedford, 1 1 N V7 of Shippenfburg, 
 and 157 W of Philadelphia, N lat. 39 SZ* 
 Wlon. 77 30. 
 
 Chamblti R. or Sorelly a water of the St. 
 Lawrence, ifTuing from lake Chaniplain, 
 300 yards wide when lowefi;. It is flioal : 
 in dry feafons ; but of fuflicient breadth - 
 for rafting lumber, ^cc. fpring and fall. :: 
 It was called both Sorelf and Richlieu 11 
 when the French held Canada ![ 
 
 Chamblcc Fcrt, is handfome and well built, 
 on the margin of the river of the fame ' 
 name, about la or ij luilci S W from ij 
 
 Montreal, and N of St. John's fort. It 
 was taken by the Americans, 0<St. 20, 
 
 1775, and retaken by the Britilli, Jan. 18, 
 
 1776. N lat. 45 45- 
 Champlain, a lake next in fize to lake 
 
 Ontario, and lies E N E from it, forming a 
 part of the dividing hne between tie 
 ftates of N. York and Vermont. It took 
 its name from a French governor, of this 
 name. It was before called Corlacr's lake. 
 Reckoning its length from Fairhavcn to St. 
 John's, a courie nearly N, it is about ico 
 miles ; its breadth is from i to 18 rniles, 
 ! the mean width is about 5 miles ; and it 
 occupies about 500,000 acres. Its depth 
 is fuliicient for the largefi: vefi'els. There 
 are in it above 60 iilands of different fizes ; 
 the moil confiderable are N. and S. Hero, 
 and Motte ifland. It receives at Ticon- 
 , deroga the waters of Lake George from 
 the S S W, which are faid to be ico teet 
 higher than the waters of this lake. Half 
 the rivers and ftreams which rife in Ver- 
 mont fall into it. There are feveral which 
 come to it from N. York and fome from 
 Canada ; to v hich laft it fends its owa 
 waters, a N courfe, through Screll or 
 ! Chamblee R into the St. La^\ rence. This 
 lake is well ftored with nfh ; particularly 
 falmon, falmon trout, lliurgeon and pick- 
 erel ; and the lands on its borders, and on 
 I the banks of its rivers are good. The v/a- 
 i ters generally rife from about the 20th of 
 April to the 20th of June, from 4 to 6 
 feet ; the greateft variation is not more 
 than 8 feet. It is feldcm entirely fliut up 
 with ice, until the middle of Jan. Be- 
 tween the 6th and 15th of April the ice 
 generally goes ofF ; and it is not uncom- 
 mon for many fquare miles of it to dif- 
 appear in one day. 
 
 Cha77!plaifi,z poli town in the mod north- 
 erly part of Clinton co. N. York, v.'hich 
 : takes its name from the lake on which it 
 lies. It was granted to fome Canadian 
 and Nova Scotia refugees,who were either 
 in the fervice of the U. States, dui'ing the 
 war, or fled to thcni for protection. The 
 indigence or ill habits of theie people oc- 
 cafioned the breaking up of the fettie- 
 ment ; and a better fet of inhabitants have 
 now taken iheir place. The lands are 
 fertile ; and two rivers run through it, 
 well flored with iifli. It has 11 69 inhab- 
 itants. Mufcle fliells and other marine 
 produtflions are found from the furface to 
 40 feet deep in the ground. Ihis has led 
 fome to fuppofe that the waters of the 
 ocean once flowed here ; it is alio evident 
 that formerly the waters of the lake were 
 
 many 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 many feet higher than it has been fince 
 its difcovery in 1608. 
 
 Chanceford^ a towniliip in Yorkco.Penn- 
 fylvania, on the W fide of Sulquehanna 
 R. oppofite Conefloga Creek, 
 
 Chandltrfville, a poffc town of Wafliing- 
 ton CO. Maine, 845 miles N E from Waih- 
 ington. 
 
 Chapallan^ One of the largefl lakes in 
 Mexico, or New Spain. 
 
 Chapel HlU^ a pofc town in Orange co. 
 K. Carolina, fituated on a branch of New- 
 hope creek, which empties into the N W 
 branch of Cape Fear R. This is the fpot 
 chofen for the feat of the Univerfity of N. 
 Carolina Few houfes are as yet erected ; 
 but a part of the public buildings were in 
 fuch forwardnefs, that ftudents weie ad- 
 mitted, and education commenced in Jan. 
 J 796. The beautiful and elevated fcite of 
 this town commands a pleafmg and exten- 
 live view of the furrounding country ; 12 
 miles S by E of Hillfborough, 472 S W of 
 Philadelpliia, and 319 from Wafhington. 
 N lat. 35 40, W Ion. 796. 
 
 Chapticot a pod: town of St. Mary's co. 
 Maryland, 56 miles from WaflTington, 
 
 Charlemont^ a townfliip in Hampibire co. 
 Maliachufetts, 16 miles W, of Deerfield, 
 and 107 N W of Bcflon, having 875 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Charltfjiirg, a poft town, Montgomery 
 CO. Maryland, 26 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Charles R. in MalTachufetts, called an- 
 ciently (2M/7o/;f5r?//«,is a confiderable fcreani, 
 the principal branch of which rifes from a 
 pond bordering on Hopkinton. It pafles 
 through Hollifton and Belliugham, and 
 divides Medway from Medfield, Wren- 
 tham, and Franklin, and thence into Ded- 
 ham, where, by a curious bend, it forms a 
 peninfula of 900 acres of land. A flream 
 calJed Mother Brook, runs out of this 
 river in this town, and falls into Neponfit 
 3-;. forming a natural canal, luiiting tlie 
 two rivers, and afFording a number of ex- 
 cellent mill feats. From Dedham tlie 
 courfe of the river is northerly, dividiiTg 
 Kewton from Needham, Weflon, and 
 "VV-iltham, pafiing over romantic falls ; it 
 then bends to the N E and Fl through Wa- 
 tertown and Cambridge, and pafTing into 
 Bofton liarbour, mingles with the waters 
 of My (lie R. at the point of the peninfula 
 of Chsrleflown. It is navigable for boats 
 to Watertown, 7 miles. The mojl remark- 
 able bridges on this river are thofe which 
 connccfb Bofton with Chai'Icn;ov,ni and 
 Cambridge. See BJIon. There are 7 pa- 
 
 per mills on this river, befide other milfe. 
 
 Charles Co. on the weftern fiiore of Ma- 
 ryland, lies between Potowmack and P»- 
 tuxet riv^ers. Its chief town is Port To- 
 bacco, on the river of that name. Its ex- 
 treme length is 28 miles, its breadth 24,, 
 audit contains 19,1 73 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 9,558 fiaves. The countrv has few 
 hills, is generally low and fandy, and pro- 
 duces tobacco, Indian corn, fweet pota- 
 toes, ^cc. 
 
 Charles City Co. in Virginia, lies between 
 Chickahominy and James rivers. It has 
 Z'^S^ free inhabitants, and 301 3 (laves. A 
 po(h town of the fame name in this co. is 
 167 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Charles, a cape of Virginia, in about N 
 lat. 37 15. It is on the N iide of the mouth 
 of Chefapeak bay, having Cape Henry 
 oppolite to it. 
 
 Charles, a cape on the S W part of the 
 (l:rait entering into Hudfon Bay. N lat. 
 62 40, Wlon. 75 15. 
 
 Charlejlotvn, a pofl: town in Cecil co. Ma- 
 ryland, near the head of Chefapeak bay ; 
 6 miles E N E from the mouth of Sufque- 
 hannah R. 10 W S W from Elkton, and 
 50 S W by W from Philadelphia. Here 
 are about 20 houfes, chiefly inhabited by 
 fifliermen employed in the herring fifliery.. 
 N lat. 39 34. _ 
 
 C/j^r/<y?<7;;,adifl:ri(£b in theLower country 
 of S. Carolina, fubdivided into 14 pariflies.. 
 This large diftrid:, of which the city of 
 Chariefton is the chief town, lies between 
 Santce and Combahee rivers. It pays 
 ;^2i,473-i4-6 fler. taxes. It fends to the 
 (late legiilature 48 reprefentatives and 13 
 fenators, and i member to Congrefs. It 
 contains 57,480 inhabitants, of whom 
 41,941 are (laves. 
 
 Charlejlon^ the metropolis of S. Carolina, 
 is the mod: confidcrable town in the ftate ; 
 fituated in the diftricl of the fame name, 
 and on the tongue of land formed by the 
 confluent dreams of Afliley and Cooper, 
 which are (hort rivers, but large and nav- 
 igable. Thefe waters unite immediately 
 below the city, and form a fpacious and 
 convenient harbour ; which communicates 
 witli the ocean jufc below Sullivan's I. 
 which it leaves on tlie N 7 miles S E of 
 Chaiiefton. In thefe rivers the tide rifes^ 
 in common, about 6 r feet ; but uniformly 
 10 or I2inclies more during a night tide. 
 The fatSt is certain ; the caufe unknown. 
 The continual agitation Vv^hich the tides 
 occafion in the v/aters which ahnoft fur- 
 round Chariefton ; the refrefhng fea breez- 
 es which are regulaily feit,and the fmoke 
 
 ariilng 
 
CHA 
 
 CH A 
 
 arifing from fo many chimnics, render this 
 city more healthy than any part of the 
 low country in the fouthern ftatcs. On 
 this account it is the refort of great num- 
 bers of gentlemen, invalids from the W. 
 India iflands, and of the ricli planters from 
 the country, who come here to fpend the 
 fickJy nionths, as they are called, in queft 
 of health and of the fecial enjoyments 
 which the city affords. And in no part 
 of America are the focial bleffings enjoyed 
 more rationally and hberally than here. 
 Unaffected hofpitality, affabihty? eafe of 
 manners and addrefs, and a difpoiition to 
 make their guefts welcome, eafy and pleaf- 
 cd with themfelves, are charac5leriftics of 
 the refpeclable people of Charlefton. In 
 fpeaking of the capital, it ought to be ob- 
 ferved, for the honour of the people of 
 Carohna in general, that when in com- 
 mon with the other colonies, in the con- 
 teftwith Britain, they refolved againflthe 
 uie of certain luxuries, and even neceffa- 
 ries of life ; thofe articles, v/hich improve 
 the mind, enlarge the underftanding, and 
 correct the tafbc, were excepted ; the im- 
 portation of books was permitted as form- 
 erly. The land on which the town is built, 
 is flat and lovir, and the water brackifli 
 and unwholefome. The city is about -^ 
 of a mile wide and a mile and -'■ in length 
 The ground on which it ftands is level, 
 and but a fev.- feet above the height of 
 fpring tides ; in 1699,1728 and 1752, the 
 tide raifed by a hurricane, covered the 
 town, the people retiring to the higher 
 itories of their dwellings. The ftreets are 
 pretty regularly cut, and open beautiful 
 profpe(Sl3, and have fubterranean drains 
 to carry off filth and keep the city clean 
 and healthy ; but are two narrow for fo 
 large a place and fo warm a climate. 
 Their general breadth is from 35 to 66 
 feet. The houfes which have been lately 
 built, are brick, with tiled roofs. The 
 buildings in general are elegant, and mofl 
 of them are neat, airy and well furniffied. 
 The city is divided into 13 wards, which 
 choofe 13 wardens, from whom the In- 
 tendant is chofen. The public buildings 
 are, an exchange, a ftate houle, an armou- 
 ry, a poor home, and an orphan's houfe 
 From 1790 to 1796, 126 boys and 70 girl? 
 were admitted into the orphan houfe. 
 Here are feveral rerpe<flable academies. 
 Part of the old barracks has been hsnd- 
 fomely fiucc* up, and converted into s 
 college, and there are a number cfftu- 
 <lerits ; but it can only be called as yet a 
 j'erpe(aable academy. Here are three 
 
 banks, a branch of the national banl:> 
 the S. Carolina bank, eft abliflied in 1792, 
 and the State Bank, incorporated Dec- 
 1802. The ftate owns > ths of the capital. 
 The hoiifes tor public worfliip are 2 iipif- 
 copal churches, 2 for independents, i for 
 Scotch Prefoyterians, 1 for Baptifb, i for 
 German Lutherans, 2 for Methodills, i for 
 French Proteftants, a meeting houfe for 
 Quakers, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a 
 Jewifli fynagogue. Little attention is paid 
 to the pubhc markets ; a great proportion 
 of the moft wealthy inhabitants having 
 plantations trom which they receive fup- 
 phes of almofl: every article of living. 
 The country abounds with poultry and 
 i[ wild ducks. Tneir beef, mutton and veal 
 i: are not generally of the bcft kind ; and 
 j! few fifla are found in the market. In 1787, 
 jj it was computed that tiiere were 1600 
 Ij houfes in this city, and 15,000 inhabit- 
 ji ants, including 5, acq fiaves ; and what 
 K evinces the healthinefs of the place, up- 
 Ij wards of 200 of the white inhabitants 
 ij were above 60 years of age. in 1791, 
 there were 16,3/9 inhabitants, of whom 
 76 M were fiaves. Ihis city has often 
 fuffcred miuch by fire, the laft and m.oft 
 deftrudlive happened as late as June, 1796. 
 Charlefton was incorporated in 1783, and 
 divided into 3 wards, which chofe as ma- 
 ny wardens, from among whom the citi- 
 zens eledl an intendant of the city. The 
 intendant and wardens form the city 
 council, who have power to m^ake and en- 
 force bve laws for the regulation of the 
 city. The value of exports from this port, 
 in the year ending Nov. 1787, amounted 
 to ;^5 05, 2 7 9- 1 9-5 fter. The number of 
 veffels cleared from the cuftom houfe the 
 fame year, was 947, meafuring 62,1 18 tons; 
 735 of thefe, meafuring .<i,53i tons, were 
 American ; the others belonged to G.Brit- 
 ain, Ireland, Spain, France, and the United 
 Netherlands. In the year 1 794, the value 
 of exports amounted to 3,846 392 dollars. 
 It is 60 miles S W by S of Georgetown ; 
 150 E by S of Augufta ; 406 S by W of 
 Richmond ; <r-,8 S W by S of Wafliington 
 city ; 684 S W by S of Philadelphia ; 'and 
 1019 S W of Bof^on. The light houfe hes 
 in N lat. 32 41 52. White Point at the S 
 end of the town, N lat. 32 44 30, W Icn. 
 80 39 45. Knoxville, the capital of Ten- 
 effee, is much nearer to this than to any 
 ieaport town on the Atlantic Ocean. A 
 waggon road of only i c miles is wanted 
 o open the communication ; and the 
 , -ian is about to be executed by the ftate. 
 Charlef.o-dun^ a townfnip in Montgomery 
 
 CQ. 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 46m. N. Yorlc, on the S fide of Mohawk R. 
 about 32 miles W" of Scheneclady. It has 
 acoi inhabitants. 
 
 Cbarlffoivn, a townflaip in Mafon co. 
 Kentucky ; fituated on the Ohio at the 
 mouth of Lauren's creek. It is 6 rniles N 
 of Washington, and 60 N E of Lexington. 
 
 lNlat.3843. 
 
 Cbarlejiaivriy a townfllip in Chefler CO. 
 Pennfylvania, on the W fide of Schuylkill, 
 •7 miles above Norriftov/n. 
 
 CharlrfiQiin, a poft town in Chefhire co. 
 N. Hampiliire, on the E fide of Conne<fli- 
 cut R. 30 miles S of Dartmouth College ; 
 upwards of 70 N of Northampton, 1 16 N 
 01 Wof Boflon, 80 W by N of Poitfmouth, 
 and 341 N N E of Philadelphia- It was 
 incorporated in 1753, and contains 90 or 
 100 houl'es, a congregational church, a 
 court houfe, an academy, and 1364 inhal-)- 
 itants. The road from Boflon to Quebec 
 pafles through this town. N lat. 43 16, W 
 ion. 7219. A fmall internal trade is car- 
 ried on here. 
 
 Charlejlo'wn^ the principal town in Mid- 
 cllefex CO. Mafl'achufetts, called MJjkaivun 
 by the aboriginal inhabitants, lies Nof Bof- 
 ton, with which it is connected by Charles 
 R. Bridge. The town, properly fo called, is 
 built on a peninfula, formed by Myft:ic R. 
 on the E, and a bay, fetting up from 
 Charles R. on the W. It is very advanta- 
 gcouHy fituate'd for health, navigation, 
 trade, and manufactures of almoft ail the 
 various kinds. A dam acrofs the mouth 
 of the bay, which fets up from Charles R. 
 would afford a great number of mill feats 
 for manufadlures. Bunker's, Breed's, and 
 Cobble, (now Barrell's) hills, are celebrat- 
 ed in the hiftory ofthe American Revolu- 
 tion. The fecond liill has upon its fum- 
 mit a monument erecSled to the memory 
 of Major Gen. Warren, near the fpot 
 where he fell, one of the firfl: facrifices to 
 American liberty. The brow of the hill is 
 ornamented with a number of elegant 
 houfes. All thefe hills aflx>rd elegant and 
 delightful profpcdts of Boflon, and its 
 charmingly variegated harbour, of Cam- 
 bridge and its colleges, and of an exteufive 
 tradt of highly cultivated country. It 
 contains \vithin the neck or parlfli about 
 3.50 houfes, and about 25CO inhabitants. 
 Its public buildings are a handfome con- 
 gregational churcxh, with a fieeple, and a 
 clock prefented by the late Hon. Thomas 
 Rujfell ; a neat Baptifi: church, pleafantly 
 fituated on an eminence, ere&ed in looo, 
 an alms houfe, a marine hofpital eredled 
 
 Jn-rSo3, on Myflic river, by CheUea 
 bridge, and 2i penitentiary boufe, building by 
 the Itate on Lynde's point, on the W fide 
 of the town. One of the Navy Yards of 
 the United States is eflabliilied'in the S E 
 part of this town, on which a number of 
 works are already eredted, and prepara- 
 tion$ making for others. A bridge built 
 in i8o3,ov:er MylUc river, connedls this 
 tov/n with Cheifea, from \^ hich is an ex- 
 cellent turnpike road to Salem, completed 
 in Oct. 1803. The Middlefex canal crofles 
 Charleflown neck, and terminates in t^e 
 bay v»^hich fets up W of the towii. Thefe 
 public works and improvements, enfure 
 the future growth of this pleafant town. 
 Several branches of manufactures are here 
 carried on to advantage, particularly the 
 manufacture of pot and pearl allies, flaip 
 building, rum, leather in all its branches, 
 particularly morocco, filver, tin, brafs, and 
 p.^wter. Kere is a printing office, and 
 three rope w;lks, and the ipcreafe of 
 its houfes, population, trade, and naviga- 
 tion have been very great within a fe^vr 
 years paft. This town is a port of entry 
 in conjundlion with Boflon. At the head 
 of the neck there is a bridge over Myftic 
 river, which connedls Charleflovi^n witk 
 Maiden. 
 
 Ckarleftozvn, a thriving town in JefFerfoa 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on the great road 
 leading from Philadelphia to Wincheflei ;. 
 8 miles S from Shepherdflowri, and 20 N 
 E from Winchefler. Here is a poft office, 
 73 miles from Walliington, a prefbyterian 
 meeting houfe, and an acadeiny lately in- 
 corporated. 
 
 Cbarhjloiun, a townfliip in WaflningtOB 
 CO. Rhode Ifland, having the AtlaDtic 
 ocean on the fonthward, and feparated 
 from Richmond on the northward by 
 Charles river, a water of PawcaUick. 
 Some of its ponds empty into Pawcatuck 
 river, others into the fca. It is 19 miles 
 N W of Newport, and contains 1454 iji- 
 habitants, including 12 (laves. A few 
 years ago there were about 500 Indians 
 in the flate ; the greater part of them re- 
 ^fided in this tcwnfliip. They are peace- 
 able and ^^ ell difpofcd to government, and 
 fpeak the Englifii language. 
 
 Charl^Jloivn, in Kanhawa co. Virginia, 
 confiiling of a few fcattered houfes along 
 the bank of the river, near to the mouth 
 of the Elk. The plot of land on vvriich it 
 fiands is delightful. 
 
 Charlejioivn, the chief town of Brooke 
 CO. Virginia, on the E fide of the Ohio, at 
 the mouth «f BuHTaioe creek. It is 24 
 
 miles 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 wnilts from Wafliirigton in Pennfylva- 
 
 Charlrfiotini, the only town In the ifland 
 of Nevis, one of the Caribbees, belonging 
 to Great Britain. In it are large houics 
 and well furniflied fliops,and it is defend- 
 ed by Charles fort. In the parifli of St. 
 John, on the S fide of the town, is a hrge 
 fpot of fulphureous ground, at the upper 
 end of a deep chafm in the eartii, com- 
 monlv called Sulphur Gut, which is fo hot 
 as to be felt through the foles of one's 
 flioes. A fmall hot river, called the Bath, 
 is thought to proceed from the faid gut ; 
 and after running half a mile, Ic-fcs itfelf 
 in the funds of the fea. Black Rock pond, 
 about a quarter of a mile N from the 
 town, is milk warm, owing to the mixture 
 of hot and cold fprlngs, yet it yields ex- 
 cellent fifli ; particularly fine eels, filver 
 fifn, and fiimguts. A prodigious piece of 
 Nevis mountain falling down in an earth- 
 quake, feveral years ago, left a large va- 
 cuity, which is ftill to be feen. ! he alti- 
 tude of this mountain, taken by a quad- 
 rant from Charleftown bay, is faid to be a 
 mile and a half perpendicular ; and from 
 the faid bay to the top, four miles. l"he 
 declivity from this movtntain to the town 
 is very (Iccp half way, but afterwards eafy 
 of afcent. N lat. 1 6 ss, W Ion 6z 4a. 
 
 Charlcjloivn, or OJUiies, one of the four 
 principal towns in the ifland of Barbadoes. 
 
 Charleton TJland^ or Charles IJland, is fit- 
 uated at the bottom of James's bay, in 
 New South Wales, on the coaft of Lab- 
 rador, and yields a beautiful profpedl, 
 in fpring, to thofe who are near it, after 
 a voyage of 3 or 4 months in the moft 
 uncomfortable feas on the globe, and 
 that by the vafl mountains of ice in Hud- 
 fon bay and fir aits The whole ifland, 
 fprcad with trees and branches, exhibits, 
 as it were, a beautiful green tuft. The 
 air,- even at the bottom of the bay, though 
 in 51 degrees, a latitude nearer the fun 
 than I^on<ion,is exceflively cold for nine 
 months, and very hot the other three, 
 except on the blowing of a N W wind. 
 The foil on the E fide, as well as the W, 
 bears all kinds of grain ; and fome fruits, 
 goofeberries, flrawberries, and dewber- 
 ries, grow about Rupert's bay. N lat. 52 
 30, W Ion. 82. 
 
 Charleton, a port- town in Saratoga co. 
 K. York, N of Scheneaady, and W of 
 Bali town. 
 
 Charleton^ a townfliip in Worcefter co 
 Ma Ifachnfetts, W of Oxford. 60 miles S S 
 W of Boflon, 1.5 S W of Worcclier, and 
 
 contains 2120 inhabitants. Quinebau^i 
 R. forms fome of its rich intervale lands, 
 and furniflies excellent mill feats for this, 
 and many adjacent towns. 
 
 Charlotte Fort, in S. Carolina, is on the 
 point of land where Tugeloo and Broad 
 rivers, uniting their waters, form Savan- 
 nah R. According to BartraRi,it is i milf 
 below Fort James, Dartmouth. N lat. 34, 
 W Ion. 82 Z5- 
 
 Charlotte Haven, lies at the mouth of 
 Charlotte R. in E. Florida ; having Carlo* 
 bay on the S, and Rock Point on the 
 northward. N lat. 27, W Ion. 82 40. 
 Charlotte R.. is fed by Spiritu Santo lia- 
 goon, which communicates, by Delaware 
 R with Chatham or Punjo bay, which is 
 90 miles S E from Charlotte Haven. 
 
 Charlotte, a poft tov/n on the E fide of 
 Lake Champiain, and the S wefternmoft: 
 in Chittenden co. Vermont. Shelburns' 
 on the N feparates thi» town from Bur- 
 lington. Inhabitants 123 1. Split Rock^ 
 in Lake Champiain, lies off this town. 
 
 Charlotte, a fertile and populous co. ja 
 Virginia, lies S W of Richmond, on the- 
 head waters of Staunton R. and contains 
 5629 free inhabitants, and 6283 flaves. 
 Thccourthoufe is 21 miles SSW of Prince 
 Edward court houfc, and 379, about the 
 fame courfe, from Philadelphia. A poft 
 office is kept here, '2,^'i miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Charlotteburg, a town in Brunfwick co. 
 N. Carolina. It (tands on an ifiand, and 
 has an inlet and found of the fame name, 
 a little S of \t. 
 
 Cbarlott:nbt!rgh, in Upper Canada, the 
 townfliip of, is on the river St. Lawrence, 
 and in the county of Glengary, being the 
 fecond townfliip in afcending. 
 
 Charlotte, or Charlottcf'uille, a poft town 
 in Salifbury diftricl, N. CaroIina,and chief 
 town of Mecklenburg co. fituatcd on Steel 
 creek, which joins the Sugaw, sind falls 
 into Catabaw R. about 10 miles N of the 
 S.Carolina boundary, and 44 S of Salif- 
 bury. Here are about 40 houfes, a court 
 jl houfc and gaol. 
 
 '1 Charlotteville To-zvifhip, in the CO. of 
 Norfolk, U. Canada, lies W of Wood- 
 houfe, and fronts Long Point ba}'. Tlie 
 land is thinly timbered, and without un- 
 derwood, which greatly facilitates cul- 
 tivation ; it is well calculated for roads, 
 and is fuificiently open for carriages, 
 looking moi^e like a royal forefl. than the 
 uncultivated lands of nature. " The loyal 
 peafant, fighing after the government he 
 loft by the late revolution, travels from 
 PcncfylvaniBj 
 
CHA 
 
 CH A 
 
 S^ennfylvania, In fearch of his former laws 
 and protection ; and having his expec- 
 tations-fulfilled by new marks of favour 
 froin the crown, in a grant of lands, he 
 turns his plough at once into thefe fertile 
 plains, and an abundant crop reminds 
 him of his gratitude to his God and king" 
 Above Turkey Point on the heights, is 
 the townpiot oi'C-iarlotteville, and at the 
 extremity of the point, is the fcite of the 
 projetfled wharves and docks, with a 
 good cliannel leading to it. Smyth. 
 
 Charlotte hall, St Mary's CO. Maryland. 
 A port: office is kept here, ^s miles from 
 Walliington. 
 
 Charlottcpville, a pofl: town, the capital 
 cf Albemarle co. in Virginia, lies on the 
 poft road from Richmond to Danville, in 
 Kentucky, 86 miles W N W of the form- 
 er, and 557 eaftward of the latter, and 40 
 S E by E of Staunton. It contains about 
 45 houfes, a court houfe and a gaol, litu- 
 ated about half a mile N from a water of 
 Rivanna river. 
 
 CJ?arlotte Totvn, the capital of the ifland 
 of St. John's, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 Alfo, the name of a town on the S W fide 
 of the illand of Dominica, in the W. In- 
 dies ; and fituated on the S fide of a deep 
 bay. 
 
 Charlot'ia, a town on the E fliore of St. 
 John's R. E. Florida, where that river is 
 about half a mile wide. It was founded 
 by Den Rolle, Efq. and is fituated on a 
 high blufF, 15 or 10 feet perpendicular 
 from the river ; and is in length half a 
 mile, or more. The aborigines of Amer- 
 ica had a very great town in this place, 
 as appears from the great tumuli and con- 
 ical mounts of earth and fliells, and other 
 traces of a fettlement which yet remain. 
 The river, for near 12 miles above Char- 
 lotia, is divided into many channels by a 
 number of iilands. 
 
 Chartier, a townfliip in Wafliington co. 
 Ptnnfyivania. 
 
 Chartier s Creek. See Canonjhurg and 
 JM^ornanza. 
 
 Chartrcs^2. fort which was built by the 
 French, on the caltern fide of the Mifli- 
 fippi, 3 miles northerly of La Praire du 
 Rocher, or the F.ock Meadows, and 12 
 miles northerly of St. Genevieve, on the 
 ■weftcrn fide of that river. It was aban- 
 doned in 1772, being unten'.blc by the 
 conftant wafliings of the Miflifippiin high 
 floods. The village fouthward of thelort 
 was very inconfiderable in 1778. A mile 
 above this is a village fettled by 1 70 war- 
 riors Oi chc Piorias and Mi'tchi^cunias. 
 
 tribes of Illinois Indians, who arc idle 
 and debauched. 
 
 Chat, If.i au,\n the river St. Lawrence, 
 oppofitc to the town of Ofnab. ack, in U. 
 Canada, contains from 100 to 150 acres. 
 I'he foil is good. 
 
 C^«/Z/J7w, a maritime poft town in Barn- 
 flable CO. Maflachufetts, lltuated on the 
 exterior extremity of the elbow of Cape 
 Cod, bounded E by the ocean, S by Vine- 
 yard found, W by Harwich, and N by 
 Pleafant bay. Its fituation is convenient 
 for the fiflicry ; in which they have 
 ufually about 40 veffels employed. Its 
 harbour contains 20 feet water at low 
 tide. The place is remarkable for many 
 fliipwrecks on its fliores. It has 135 1 in- 
 habitants, lies 93 miles S E of Bofton, and 
 20 from Barnftable. Lat. 41 42 N, Ion. 
 69 50 from Greenwich. 
 
 Chatham, a townfliip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire. It was incorporated in 1767, 
 and in 1790 contained 58 inhabitants. 
 
 Chatham,:^, flour i filing townfliip in Mid- 
 dlefcx co.Conne6licut,on the eaftern bank 
 of Connecticut R. and oppofite Middle- 
 ton city. On the banks of the Connec- 
 ticut, half a mile above the city of Mid- 
 dleton, are inexhauftible quarries of that 
 fpecies of ftone known by the name of 
 Conne6iiciit f^one, excellent for founda- 
 tions of buildings, fire places, door fleps, 
 and various other purpofes. Here alfo 
 have been difcovered, coal mines which 
 promife to be valuable It was a part of 
 the townfliip of Middlcton till 1767. 
 
 Chatham, a townfliip in EfTex co. N. Jer- 
 fcy, is fituated on Paflaic R. 13 miles W 
 of Eiizabethtown, and nearly the fame 
 from Newark. 
 
 Chatham, a townfliip in Columbia co. 
 N. York. By the fl:ate cenfus of 1796, 
 380 of its inhabitants were eledtors. 
 
 Chatham, a pofl town, Chefter co. Penn- 
 fylvania, 131 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Chatham Co. in Hillfborough diftridt, N. 
 Carolina, about the center of the flate. 
 It contains 11,645 inhabitants, of whom 
 2708 are Haves. Chief town, Pittlburg. 
 The court houfe is a few miles W of Ral- 
 eigh, on a branch of Cape Fear river, 
 where is a poft oflice. 
 
 Chatham, a poft town of S. Carolina, in 
 Chcfterficld diftria, on the W fide of 
 Great Pedce R. Its fituation, in a highly 
 cultivated and rich country, and at the 
 liead of a navigable river, bids fair to 
 render it a prace of great importance. 
 In 1796, it had only about 30 houfes, 
 latdy built. 
 
 Chatham, 
 
CHA 
 
 GHE 
 
 Chatham Co. in the lower diftrltSt of 
 Georgia, lies in the N E corner of the 
 ftate, having the Atlantic ocean E, and 
 Savannah river NE. It contains 12,946 
 inhabitants, including 9049 Haves. It ij 
 about '}^s miles long, and 24 broad. The 
 phief tov<'n is Savannah, the former capi- 
 tal of the ftate. 
 
 Chatham^ OX Piinjo hay, a large bay on 
 the W fide of the S end of the proniori- 
 tory of £. P'lorida. It receives North and 
 Delaware rivers. 
 
 Chatham, a townfliip in Kent CO. U. 
 Canada, lying on the Sinclair and Thames 
 oppofite Harwich. It is 15 miles up the 
 river Sinclair, fituated on a fork of it, in 
 a very defirable fpot, fo well protected, 
 and fo central, that as the population in-" 
 creafes, it will doubtlcfs become a large 
 and flourilliing place. A block houfe 
 %vas erecSled here by governor Simcoe, and 
 it was made a depot for the line whale 
 boats which were built by his dircdtion. 
 Indeed it poflefles many advantages; the 
 point is well fuited for the launching of 
 vefTels, and the river is fufBciently deep 
 for thofc of any fize ; fo that a fecure 
 ^rfenal and building place, and an excel- 
 lent dock might be made in the iefl'er 
 branch of the forks, upon which there is 
 now a mill. Firs are eafily floated down 
 from the pinery above, and other kinds 
 pf timber, neceiFary for fhip building may 
 be procured by water carriage. Its grcat- 
 cfl difadvantage is the bar acrofs its er>i- 
 houchure into lake St. Clair ; but that is of 
 fufficient depth for fmall craft rigged, and 
 for large veflels when lightened, and it 
 ■would anfwer as a good winter harbour 
 Jfor any veffel which navigates the lakes, 
 if flie made herfelf light enough to pafs 
 <>ver the bar and go into the river ; and 
 this might ealily be effecSted for all velTels, 
 by having aflat bottomed lighter ftation- 
 cd at the mouth of the river for that ef- 
 pectal purpofe. Smyth, 
 
 Chatham Houfi, in the territory of the 
 Hudfon bay company, N iat. 5s *3 40> 
 W Ion. from Greenwich 98. 
 
 Cbata Hatchi, or Hatchi, is the largeft 
 river which falls into St. Rofe's bay in 
 W. Florida. It is alfo called Pea R. and 
 runs from N E entering the bottom of the 
 bay through feveral mouths ; but fo flioal 
 thac only a fmall boat or canoe can pafs 
 them. Mr.Hutchins afccndcd this river 
 about 25 leagues, where there was a fmall 
 lettlement of Couifac Indians. The foil 
 and timber on the banks of the river re- 
 fcmble very much thofe of Efcambia. 
 Vou I. M 
 
 Chaiaiiche, OX Chatahiiche, a river in Geor- 
 gia. The northern part of Apalachicola 
 river bears this name. It is about 30 rods 
 wide, very rapid, and full of llioals. The 
 lands on its banks are light and fandy, 
 and the clay of a bright red. The lower 
 creeks are fettled in fcattering elans and 
 villages from the head to the mouth o£ 
 this river. Their huts and cal.nns, froiu 
 the high colour of the clay, rcfcmble cluf- 
 tcrs of new burned brick kilns. The dif- 
 tance fi'om this river to the Talapoofe R. 
 is about 70 miles, by the war path, which 
 croiTes at the falls, juft above the town of 
 the Tuckabatches. 
 
 Chataughjus Lake, in GenefTee co. N". 
 York, is about 18 miles long, and 3 broad. 
 Conewango R. which runs a S S E courfe, 
 conncAs it with Alleghany R. This lake 
 is conveniently fituated for a communica- 
 tion between lake Erie and the Ohio ; 
 there being water enough for boats from 
 fort Franklin on the Alleghany to the M 
 W corrlcr of this lake ; from thence there 
 is a portage of 9 miles to Chataughque 
 harbour ou lake Erie, over ground capa- 
 ble of being made a good waggon road. 
 This communication was once ufcd by the 
 French. 
 
 Chaudiere, Ri'ver, a fouthern branch of 
 the Sr. Lawrence. It rifes in lake Me- 
 gantick, in the High Lands, on the divif- 
 ion line between Canada and the United 
 States. From the fame lake ilTue the head 
 water's of Kcnnebeck river. The Chau- 
 diere falls into the St. Lawrence a few 
 miles above Quebec. 
 
 Chaudiere, one of the finefl: rivers in the 
 N W part of N. America, which after aa 
 eaftern courfe of 80 miles, falls into the 
 Lake of the Woods, in Iat. 49 N. Its 
 banks are a rich foil, covered with grovea 
 of oak, pine, maple, and cedar. Its wa- 
 ters are ftored with fifli. 
 
 Chaudiere La/:e,'in U. Canada, is formed 
 by the widening of the Ottawa river, 
 above the mouth of the river Radeau, and 
 below lake Chat. Smyth, 
 
 Chaudiere Falls, on the Ottawa river, in 
 U. Canada, 36 feet high. They are a lit- 
 tle above the mouth of the river Radeau, 
 and below lake Chaudiere. Smyth. 
 
 Chayaiita. a jurifdivStion in Peru, S. A- 
 merica, under the archbifliop of Plata, <,o 
 leagues from the city of La Plata. This 
 country is famous for its gold and fdver 
 mines. The latter arc ftili worked to ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Cheat /?. rifes in Randolph co. Virginia, 
 j and af«;er parfuing a I> N W courfe, joins 
 » Moaongahela 
 
cn^ 
 
 CHIET 
 
 Monongaliela R. 3 or 4 miles within the 
 Fcnnfylvania line. It is 200 yards wide 
 at its rnouth, and 100 yards at the Dunk- 
 ards fettlement, 50 miles higher, and is 
 navigable for boats except in dry feafons. 
 There is a portage of 37 miles from this 
 R to the Potowmac at the mouth of Sav- 
 age river. 
 
 ChebuSioyZ. bay and harbour on the S S 
 E coaft of Nova Scotia, diftinguiflied by 
 the lofs of a French fleet in a former war 
 between France and Great Britain. Near 
 the head of this bay, on the W fide, flands 
 the city of Halifax, the capital of the 
 province. 
 
 Chedcibuclo^ or MilforJ Haven, a large 
 and deep bay on the eafternmoft part of 
 Nova Scotia, at the mouth of the gut of 
 Canfo. Oppofite to its mouth ftands Iflc 
 Madame. Salmon R. falls into this bay 
 from the W, and is remarkable for one of 
 the greateft fiflieries in the Wvorld. 
 
 Chegomegarty a point of land about 60 
 miles in length, on the S fide of lake Su- 
 perior. About 100 milts W of this cape, 
 a conilderable river falls into the lake ; 
 upon its banks abundance of virgin cop- 
 per is found. 
 
 Chehoiit'.mhs, a nation or tribe of Indians, 
 ^vho inhabit near the S bank of Saguenai 
 R. in U. Canada. 
 
 Chelmsford, a poft town in Mlddlefei 
 CO. Mafiachufetts, on the S fide of Merri- 
 mack R. 26 miles N weftcrly from Bofton, 
 and contains 1290 inhabitants. There is 
 an ingcnioufly conllruifled bridge over 
 the river, at Pawtuckct Falls, which con- 
 nedls this town with Dracut. The route 
 of the Middlefex canal, which conne(Sls 
 the waters of Merrimack with thofe of 
 Bofton harbour, is through the E part of 
 Chelmsford. 
 
 Chelfea, called by the ancient natives 
 Whm'ifimet, a town in Suffolk co. Mafia- 
 chufetts, v/ith its iflands, containing 849 
 inhabitants. Before its incorporation, in 
 1738, it was a ward of the t,own of Bofton. 
 It is fituated N eafVerly of the metropohs, 
 and ftparated from it by the ferry acrofs 
 the harbour, called Winnifimet. The 
 Salem turnpike pafTes through the center 
 of this town, which is now connetSled with 
 Charleflown by Chelfea Bridge. 
 
 Chelfca, a towndiip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, having a court houfe, and feveral 
 handfome buildings, \% miles N W of 
 Fairlee. It has 897 Inhabitants. 
 
 Chelfea, the name of a parifli in the city 
 of Norwich, Conn, called the Landing, 
 fituated at the head of the river Thames, 
 
 14 miles N of New London, on a point of 
 land formed by the juntSlion of Shetucket 
 and Norwich, or Little Rivers, whofe 
 united waters conftitute the Thames. It 
 is a bufy, commercial, thriving, romantic, 
 and agi-eeable place, of about ijo houfcs 
 afcending one above another in tiers, on 
 artificial foundations, on the fouth point 
 of a high, rocky hill. Here is a poft ofHce. 
 
 Chc7nut)g. The wcflern branch of Suf- 
 quehanna R. is fometimes fo called. See 
 Tioga River. 
 
 Chemung, a poft town in Tioga co. N; 
 York, It has 315 inhabitants. It is on 
 the NE fide of Tioga R. and has Ncwtoa 
 W, and Owego E, about 160 miles N W 
 from N. York city, meafuring in a ftraight 
 line. Between this place and Newton, 
 Gen. Sullivan, in his vicflorious expedition 
 againft the Indians, in 1779, had a defpe- 
 rate engagement with the Six Nations, 
 whom he defeated. The Indians were 
 ftrongly intrenched, and it required the 
 utmoft exertions of the American army, 
 with field pieces, to diilodge them ; al- 
 though the former, includmg 250 tories, 
 amounted only to 800 men, while the 
 Americans were 5000 in number, and 
 well appointed in every refpedt. 
 
 Chenal Ecarte, Ife, nea^r the entrance of 
 the river St. Clair, in U. Canada, into lake 
 St. Clair, eaft of Harfan's ifland ; it con- 
 tains about 300 acres of arable land ; the 
 other parts are meadow and marfli. 
 
 Chenal Ecarte, Ifle de, in the river St. 
 Lawrence, in U. Canada, oppofite the 
 townfliip of Corn wall, contains from feven 
 to eight hundred acres, the foil is good. 
 
 Chenango, a county of N. York, having 
 Montgomery N E,Tioga W, Pennfylvania 
 S, containing 15,666 inhabitants. 
 
 CBenengo, is a northern branch of Suf- 
 quehanna R. Many of the military tov.n- 
 fliips are watered by the N W branch of 
 this river. The towns of Fayette, Jerlco, 
 Greene, Clinton, and Chenengo, in Tioga 
 CO. lie between this river and the E wa- 
 ters of Sufquchanna. 
 
 Chcnengoydi poft town, and one of the chief 
 in Tioga co. N. York. The fettled part 
 of the town lies about 40 miles N E from 
 Tioga point, between Chenengo R. and 
 Sufquchanna ; has the town of Jcrico oil 
 the northward. It has 1149 inhabitants. 
 
 Cheneffee. See Geneffee. 
 
 Chepaxvas, or Chipeivays, an Indian na- 
 tion inhabiting the coaft of lake Superior 
 and the illands in the lake. They could, 
 according to Mr. Hutchins, furnifti looo 
 warriors 30 years ago. Other tribes of 
 
 this 
 
CHE 
 
 CHE 
 
 this nation Inhabit the country round Sa- 
 guinam or Sagana bay and lake Huron, 
 bay Puan, and a part of lake Michigan. 
 They were lately hoflile to the United 
 States, but, by the treaty of Greenville, 
 Auguft 3, 1795, they yielded to them the 
 illand de Bois Blanc. See Six Nations. 
 
 Cbepaivyan Fort, is fituattd on a penin- 
 fula at the S weftern end of Athapefcow 
 lake, N lat. 58 45, Wlon. no 18 ; in the 
 territory of the Hudfon bay company. 
 
 Chepelio, an ifland in the bay of Panama, 
 S.America, and in the province of Darien, 
 3 miles from the town of Panama, and 
 fupplies it with provilions and fruits. N 
 lat. 8 46, E Ion. 80 15. 
 
 Chepaivyans,^. numerous tribe of Amer- 
 ican Indians, who live between lat. 60 and 
 6j N, and Ion. lOO and 1 10 W. I'heir 
 language is copious ; dialedls of it are 
 fpoken by various other tribes. The 
 amufcments of thefe people are few, their 
 mufic is harlli, their dances awkward ; 
 they feldom pracStife either. Their coun- 
 try is cold and barren, producing little 
 wood, and few vegetables befide mofs, 
 which in times of fcarcity furniflics their 
 food. Boiled in water, it diflblves into a 
 clammy, nouriiliing fubftance. The fiili 
 in their waters, and deer on cheir moun- 
 tains, are their principal fupport. To 
 gain a fcanty fubfirtenee is a ferious bufi- 
 ncfs ; in a mournful temper they are con- 
 ftantly faying, " it is hard," in a whining 
 voice. Like all favages ignorant of reve- 
 lation, they are extremely fuperftltious. 
 They mourn long for their deceafed 
 friends, never ufe their property, and 
 fometimes facrifice their own as a token 
 of regret and forrow. They are focial 
 and frank, feldom roufed to great activity. 
 They are fober, timorous, and felfifli. 
 They have a tradition that their fathers 
 came from a very wicked country ; that 
 in traverhng a great lake, narrow, iliallow, 
 and full of iihmds, they fuffered great 
 mifery by the ice, fnow, and perpetual 
 winter. Their notions of religion are 
 worthy notice. They believe the globe 
 was once an entire ocean, no creature 
 living then, except one great bird, whofc 
 eyes were fire, whofe glances were light- 
 ning, the clapping of whofe wings were 
 thunder. This bird defcended to the 
 ocean, the earth rofe to the furface. He 
 called all the animals into exiftence. He 
 then made the Chepavvyans from a dog, 
 formed an arrow, which he gave them to 
 preferve, but they carried it away, which 
 fo provoked the Omnipoteut that he has 
 
 not appeared fince. They have a ftrong 
 impreffion of the longevity of mankind 
 in the early ages of the world. They fay 
 that in ancient times their anceftors lived 
 till their feet were worn out by walking, 
 and their throats with eating. They al- 
 fo, like other nations in every quarter of 
 the earth, give in their tcflimony to fup- 
 port the Mofaic hiftory. They defcribe 
 a deluge, which covered the whole earth, 
 except the higheft mountains, on which 
 they were preferved. They believe that 
 immediately after death they pal's into 
 another world, where t\\tty,\ndiJ}oHe canoe, 
 embark on a large river, which bears them 
 into a gieat lake, in view of a deliglitful 
 ifland. Here they are judged according 
 to the deeds done in the body, and re- 
 ceive a fentence of everlafting reward or 
 mifery. If their good acftions predomi- 
 nate, they are landed on the ifland where 
 they riot in endlcfs pleafures. If their 
 wicked a<£lions weigh down the balance, 
 their canoe finks, they are buried to theif 
 chins in water, where they for ever re- 
 main, gazing with envy and anguifh at 
 the happy ifland, for ever ftruggling, but 
 never able to reach the blifsful fliore. 
 
 Mc Kzn%ie. 
 
 Chepoor, a fmall Spanifli town on the 
 ifthmus of Darien and Terra Firma, in S, 
 America, ieated on a river of the fame 
 name, 6 leagues from the fea. Lat. 10 
 42, Ion. 77 50. 
 
 Cbeputnatekook, the name of a portion of 
 the river in fome maps called Schoodook, 
 and in others Paflamaquoddy, or other- 
 wife the exifting boundary between the 
 United States and New Brunfwick. 
 
 Chequetan, or Seguatancio, on the coafl of 
 Mexico, or New Spain, lies 7 miles wefl;- 
 ward of the rocks ofSeguataneio. Between 
 this and Acapulco, to the eaftward, is a 
 beach of fand of 18 leagues extent, againft 
 which the fea breaks lb violently, that it 
 is impoiTih'Ie for boats to land on any part 
 of it ; but there is a good anchorage for 
 fliipplng at a mile or two from the ihore, 
 during the fair feafon. The harbour of 
 Chcquetan is very hard to be traced, and 
 of great importance to fuch veflels as 
 cruife in thefe feas, being the mofl iecurc 
 harbour to be met with in a vaft extent 
 of coafl, yielding plent;? of wood and wa- 
 ter ; and the ground near it is able to be 
 defended by a few men. When Lord 
 Anfon touched here, the place was unin- 
 habited. 
 
 Chera, a river rear Colan, in the prov- 
 ince of Q^ito, in Peru, running to Amo- 
 
 tag- , 
 
CHE 
 
 CH E 
 
 tflgc ; /rom whence Paita has its frefli 
 water. 
 
 Cheraivs^ formerly a diftrlcSb in the upper 
 country of S. Carolina, now divided into 
 Ciieflerfield, Marlborough, and Darlington 
 diftriiTis. ) his part of" Carolina is watered 
 "by Great PcdceR. and a number of fmaller 
 ftreams,on the banks of which the land is 
 thickly fettled and weil cuhivated. The 
 chief towns are Greenville and Chatham. 
 The court houfe in Clicraws diftridt is JZ 
 miles from Carnden, as far from Lumber- 
 ton, and 90 from Georgetown. The mail 
 flops at this place. 
 
 CherlppHy an inconfiderable village on 
 Terra Firma, from v/hich the market of 
 Panam.a is furniflicd with provifipns^ 
 iveekly. 
 
 Cherokee, the ancient name of Teneflee 
 R. The name of Teneflee was formerly 
 confined to the fouthern branch which 
 empties 15 miles above the mouth of 
 Clinch R. and 18 below Knoxvllle. 
 
 Cherokces, a celebrated Indian natiog, 
 now on the decline. They refide in the 
 northern parts of Georgia, and the fouth- 
 ern parts of the flate of Teneflee ; hav- 
 ing the Apalachian or Cherokee moun- 
 tains on the E, which feparate them from 
 "N. and S. Carolina, and Teaeiree R. on 
 the N and W, and the Creek Indians on 
 the S. The country of the Cherokees, 
 extending' wefcward to the Miffifippi and 
 northward to the Six Nations, was fur- 
 xendered, by treaty at Wefliminfter, 1729, 
 to the crown of Great Britain. The pref- 
 ent line betwe-en them and the flate of 
 TenefTee is not yet fettled. A line of ex- 
 periment was drawn in 1792, from Clinch 
 R. acrofs Holfton to Chilhowee moun- 
 tain ; but the Cherokee commiffioners 
 not appearing, it is called a line of exper- 
 iment. The complexion of the Cherokees 
 is brighter than that of the neighbouring 
 Indians. They are robufl and well made, 
 and taller than many of their neighbours ; 
 being generally 6 feet high, a few are 
 more, and fome lefs. Their women are 
 tall, (lender, and delicate. The talents 
 and morals of the Cherokees are held in 
 great efteem. They were formerly a pow- 
 erful nation; but by continual wars, in 
 which it has been their dtfliny to be en- 
 gaged, with the northern Indian tribes, 
 and with the wliitcs, they arc now reduc- 
 ed to about 1500 warriors ; and they are 
 becoming weak and pufilianimous. They 
 have 43 towns now inhabited, and are 
 making conliderable advances towards 
 civilization. Their fields arc cnclofed 
 
 with fences, and they have plenty of profl|' 
 vifions. They fpin and weave, and hav«;' 
 knives, forks, plates, tea cups, and other 
 furnit\n-e in a comfortable ftyle. They 
 raife large droves of cattle for market. 
 
 Chcry^ Valley, a pofl; town in OtfegO CO. 
 N. Yoi [c, at the head of the creek of the 
 fame name, about 12 miles N Eof Coop- 
 erflov/n, and 18 foutherly of Conajohary, 
 61 W of Albany, and 536 from Philadel- ^*" 
 phia. It contains a Prelbyterian church, 
 and an academy, which generally has 6q 
 or 70 fcholars. It is a Ipacious building, 
 60 feet by 40. The townfliip is very 
 large, and lies along the E fide of Otfego 
 Jake, and its outlet to Adiquatangie creekl 
 It has 155a inhabitants. This fettlement 
 fufFered feverely from the Indians in the 
 revolutionary ivar, 
 
 Chrfapr.ak, is one of the largeft and fafeft 
 bays in the United States. Its entrance 
 is nearly E N E and S S W, between Cape 
 Charles, lat. 37 12, and Cape Henry, lat. 
 37 in Virginia, 12 miles wide, and it ex- 
 tends 2170 miles to the northward, divid- 
 ing Virginia and Maryland. It is from 7 
 to 18 miles broad, and generally as much 
 as 9 fathoms deep; affording many com- 
 modious harbours, and a fate and eafy 
 navigation. It has many fertile iflands, 
 and thefc are generally along the E fide 
 of the bay, except a few iolitary ones 
 near the wcftern fliore. A number of 
 navigable rivers and other flreams einpty 
 into it, the chief of which are Sufquehan- 
 na, Patapfco, Patuxent, Potowmac, Rap- 
 pahannock, and York, from the N, all 
 laige and navigable. On the E fide it 
 receives "Elk, Saflafras, Chefler, Srfint Mi- 
 chael's, Choptank, Nanticoke, Wicomico, 
 Manokin, and Pocomokc, befide many 
 fmaller flreams. ' Chefapeak bay aflbrdc 
 many excellent fiflieries of herring and 
 fliad. TJiere are alfo excellent crabs and 
 oyfters. It is the refort of fw'ans, but is 
 more particularly remarkable for a fpe- 
 cies of wild duck, called canvajhack, whofe 
 flefli is entirely free from any fifliy tafte, 
 and is admired by epicures, tor its rich- 
 nefs and delicacy. In a commercial point 
 of view, this bay is of immcnfe advantage 
 to the neighbouring flatcs, particularly to 
 Virginia. Of that flate it has been ob- 
 ferved, with fome 'little exaggeration, 
 however, that " every planter has a river 
 at his door." ' • . . - • .^ 
 
 Ch'fatinlook Lake, the fource of the great 
 W branch of Pcnobfcot rivt .■.' ' 
 
 Chcefadaivd Lale, about 210 miles N E 
 bv E of the Canaaian bcufe, on the E end 
 
 of 
 
CHE 
 
 G HE 
 
 of Slave lake, in the Hudfon bay compa- 
 jny's territory ; is about 25 niiles in length 
 and the fame in breadth. Its wcftern 
 iliore is mountainous and rocky. 
 
 Chejhire Co. \\\ N. Flampfliire, lies in the 
 S W part of the ftate, on the E bank of 
 Connecilicut river. It has the ftate of 
 Maffachufetts on the S, Grafton co. on the 
 N, and Hillfborough co. E. It has 35 
 tovvnfliips, of Avhich Charleftown and 
 Keene are the chief, and 38,825 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Chejhire, a jownfliip in Berkfhire co. Maf- 
 fachufetts ; celebrated for its good cheefe. 
 The famous Mammoth cheefe^ which was 
 prefented fo the Prcfident of the United 
 States, was made in this town ; 140 miles 
 N wefterly from Bofton. It has 132J iii- 
 habitants. 
 
 Chejhire, a townfliip in New Haven co. 
 Conncd:icut, 15 miles N of New Haven 
 city, and a6 S W of Hartford. It con- 
 tains an Epifcopal church and academy, 
 and 3 congregational churches. 
 
 Chtfnut Hill^ a townfliip in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania. It has 916 inhabitants. 
 Chejnut Creek, a branch of the Great 
 Kanhawa, in .Virginia, where it crofles 
 the Carolina line. Here, it is faid, are 
 iron mines. 
 
 Che/nut Ridge. Part of the Alleghany 
 mountains, in Pennfylvania, is thus call- 
 ed, S ealhvard of Grecnlborough. 
 
 Chijler, a townfliip in Lunenburg co. 
 Nova Scotia, on Mahone bay, fettled orig- 
 inally by a few families from New Eng- 
 land. From hence to Windfor is a road, 
 the diftance of 25 miles. 
 
 Chcjler, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 Maflachufetts, adjoining Weftfitid on the 
 E, and about 20 miles N W of Springfield. 
 It contains 1542 inhabitants. ' 
 
 Chcjler, a large, pleafant, and elevated 
 townfliipin Rockingham co.N.Hampfliire. 
 It is 21 miles in length ; and on the W 
 fide is a lake or pond, called Mafabeiic 
 pond, 30 miles in circumference, which 
 fends its waters to Merrimack R. It was 
 incorporated in 1/22, and contains 2046 
 inhabitants, who are chiefly farmers. It 
 is fttuated on the E fide of Merrimack R. 
 14 miles N W of Haverhill, as far W of 
 Exeter, 30 W by S of Portfmouth, '6 
 northerly of Londonderry, and 306 from 
 Philadelphia. From the compadl part of 
 this town there is a gentle defcerit to the 
 fea, which, in a clear day, may be feeii. 
 It is a port town, and contains above 200 
 houfes, and a Congregational and a Pref- 
 byterian meeting houfc. Rattlefnakchill, 
 
 in this townfliip, is a great curiofity ; itU 
 half a mile in diameter, of a circular form, 
 and 4C0 feet high. On the S fide, lu 
 yards from its bafe, is the entrance of a 
 cave, called the Devil's Den, which is a 
 room 15 or 20 feet fquare, and 4 high, 
 floored and circled by a regular rock, 
 from the upper part of which are depend- 
 ent many excrefccnces, nearly in the form 
 and fize of a pear, which, \y hen approach- 
 ed by a torch, throw out a fparkling luf- 
 tre of alnmft every hue It is a cold, 
 dreary place, of which many frightfut 
 ftories are told by thofe vyho delight ia 
 the marvellous. 
 
 Chcjler, a poft town in Windfor co. Ver- 
 mont, W of Springfield, and 11 miles W 
 by S of Charleftown, in N. Hampfliire, 
 and contains 1878 inhabitants. 
 
 Chejier, a bprpugh and poft town iu 
 Pennfylvania, and the capital of Dela- 
 ware CO. plcafantly lituated on the W i\(^^ 
 of Delaware R. near Marcus F 00k, and 
 13 miles N E of Wilmington. I^ contains 
 about 100 houfes, built on a regular plan, 
 a court houfe, a gaol, a church, a Qiiaker 
 ! meeting houfe, a market and brick fchooi 
 houfc. From Chefter to Philadelphia is 
 20 miles by water, and 15 N E by land ; 
 here the river is narrowed by illands of 
 marfli, which are generally banked, and 
 turned into rich and immenfely valuable 
 meadows. The firft colonial aficnibly 
 was convened here, the 4th of Dec. 16S2. 
 I'he place affxirds genteel inns and good 
 entertainment, and is the refort of much 
 company from the metropolis, during the 
 fummer fealv)n. It was incorporated ia 
 Dec. 1 795, and is governed by 2 burgtfics, 
 a conftable, a town clerk, and 3 aflift- 
 ants ; whofe powei is limited to prefcrvc 
 the peace and order of the place. AflielV 
 tos is found in the vicinity. 
 
 • ChiJ'ier Co. in Pennfyivaiiia, W of Dela- 
 ware CO. and S W of Philadelphia ; about 
 45 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It 
 contain$ y) townfliips, of which W. Chef- 
 ter is the fliire town, and 32,093 inhab- 
 itants. Iron ore is found in the norrhcni 
 parts, which employs 6 forges. Thefc 
 manufacTture about 1000 tons of bar iron 
 annually. In the co. are 106 merchant 
 and grift mills, 115 faw mills, 18 fulling 
 mills, 4'flitting mills, 6 oil milb, i fuuir 
 mil!, 6 paper mills, 2 furnaces, 8 forges, 
 and 12 tilthammers. Chief town Weft 
 Chtfter. 
 
 'i^htjicr, a poft town of S.Carolina, 22 
 miles S of Pinckney court houfc, and 58 
 N W of Columbia. A poft office is %<:\^t 
 
 here- 
 
tnt 
 
 CHE 
 
 iicre. The town is watered by Sandy R. 
 tt ftands on an eminence, on the great 
 road from Virginia to Georgia. 
 
 Che/ler R. a navigable water of the eaft- 
 «rn fhore of Maryland, which rifes two 
 miles within the line of Delaware ftate, 
 by two fources, Cyprus and Andover 
 creeks, which unite at Bridgetown ; runs 
 nearly S weflward ; after pafling Chefler 
 it runs S nearly 3 miles, when it receives 
 S E creek, and 15 miles farther, in a S W 
 dired:ion, it empties into Chefapeak bay, 
 at Love point. It forms an ifland at its 
 mouth, and by a chaunel on the E fide of 
 Kent I. communicates with Eaftern bay. 
 It is propofed to cut a canal, about 11 
 Biiles long, from Andover creek, a mile 
 and an half from Bridgetown, to Salifbury, 
 on Upper Duck creek, which falls into 
 Delaware at Hook ifland. 
 
 Chejier, a pofl town and capital of Kent 
 CO. Maryland, on the W fide of Cheftcr 
 river, 14 miles from its confluence with 
 the Chefapeak. It contains about 140 
 houfes, a church, college, court houfe, and 
 gaol. The college has a fund of j^.iajo. 
 A county court is held here twice a year, 
 and an orphans court five times. It is 77 
 miles S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Chejler^ a fmall town in Shannandoah 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on the point of land 
 formed by the juncSlion of Allen's or North 
 R. and South R. which form the Shan- 
 nandoah ; 16 miles S by W of Winchcfter. 
 M lat. 39 2, W Ion. 78 22. 
 
 Chejler^ a difliricl of S. Carolina, on Wa- 
 teree R. It is 40 miles long, and 23 broad. 
 It is well watered by Fithing, Rocky, and 
 Sandy rivers. The low grounds are often 
 overflowed. It has 8185 inhabitants, of 
 ■whom 1164 are flaves. 
 
 Chefcr, 2l town in Cumberland co. Vir- 
 ginia, fituated on the S \V bank of James 
 R. 15 miles N of Blandford, and 6 S of 
 Richmond. 
 
 Chcjler^ a port town 12 miles fquare, in 
 Orange co. N. York, on the W of Scroon 
 Lake, about 25 miles S W of Ticonderoga, 
 and has 500 inhabitants. 
 
 Chejler^ a poft town of Kennebeck co. 
 Maine, 693 miles N E of Wafliington. 
 
 Chefierf.eld,2. townlbip in Hampfliire CO. 
 Ji/Iafl^achufttts, 14 miles W of Northamp- 
 ton. It contains i8o houfcs, and 1323 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Chcfierf-eld^ a pofl town in Clicfliirc CO. 
 N. Hampfliire, on the E bank of Ct)nntc- 
 ticut R. having Vv'cftmoreland N, and 
 Hinfdale S. It was incorporated in 1752, 
 and contains ai6i inhabitants. It lies 
 
 about 25 miles S by W of Charleftow^, 
 and about 90 or 100 W of Poi-tfmouth» 
 About the year 1730, the garrifon of fort 
 Dummer was alarmed with frequent ex- 
 plofions, and with columns of fire and 
 fmoke emitted from Weft: river mountain, 
 in this townfliip, and 4 miles diflant from 
 that fort. The like appearances have 
 been obferved at various times fince ; par- 
 ticularly one in 1752, was the mofi^ fevere 
 of any. There are two places, where the 
 rocks bear marks of having been heated 
 and calcined. 
 
 Chejtcrjield, a difl:rt(fl in S. Carolina, on 
 the N. Carolina line. It is about 30 milei 
 long, and 29 broad. 
 
 Chtjlerfeld Co. in Virginia, is between 
 James and Appamatox rivers. It is about 
 30 miles long, and 25 broad ; and contains 
 6636 free inhabitants, and 7852 flaves. 
 
 Chejlerfeld Inlet, on the W fide of Hud- 
 fon bay, in New South Wales, upwards 
 of 200 miles in length, and from 10 to 30 
 in breadth ; full of iflands. 
 
 Chcjlerjield, a town in Eflex co. N. York, 
 N of Willfljorough, on the W bank of L. 
 Champlain. 
 
 Cheferfeld, a poft town, of Caroline co. 
 Virginia, 10 x miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Chejierioivn, a poft town and the capi- 
 tal of Kent CO. Maryland, on the W fide 
 of Chefler R. 16 miles S W of Georgetown^ 
 38 E by S from Baltimore, and 81 S W of 
 Philadelphia. It contains about 140 houf- 
 es, a church, college, court houfe, and gaol. 
 The college was incorporated in 1782, by 
 the name of Wajhington. It is under the 
 direction of 24 Trultees, who are empow- 
 ered to fupply vacancies and hold eftates, 
 whofe yearly value flaall not exceedjr.6000 
 currency. In 1787, it had a permanent fund 
 of ^^.1250 a year fettled upon it by law. 
 Nlat. 39i2,Vi^lon. 75 57._ 
 
 Chetimachas. The Chetimachas fork is 
 an outlet of Miflfiflppi R. in Louiflana, 
 about 30 leagues above New Orleans, and 
 after running in a foutherly diredtion 
 about 8 leagues from that river, divides 
 into two branches, one of which runs S 
 wefterly, and the other S eafterly, to the 
 diflance of 7 leagues, when they both 
 empty their waters into the Mexican gulf. 
 On the Chetimachas, 6 leagues from the 
 Mifliflppi, there is a fettlement of Indiana 
 of the fame name ; and thus far it is uni- 
 formly 100 yards broad, and from 2 to 4 
 fathoms deep, when the water is loweft. 
 Some drifted logs have formed a flioal at 
 its mouth on the MiflTiflppi ; but as the 
 water y deep under them, they could be 
 
 t^fily 
 
CHI 
 
 •CHI 
 
 <^.fily removed ; and the Indiiins fay there 
 is nothing to impede navigation from their 
 village to the gulf. The banks are more 
 elevated than thofe of the Miffifippi, and 
 in fome places are fo high as never to be 
 overflowed. The natural produAions 
 are the fame as on the Miffifippi, but the 
 foil, from the extraordinary lize and com- 
 pacSbnefs of the canes, is fuperior. If 
 meafures were adopted and purfued with 
 a. view to improve this communication, 
 there would foon be, on its banks, the 
 moft profperousand important fettlements 
 in that colony. 
 
 Qhetimachas, Grand Lale of, in Louifiana, 
 near the mouth of the Miffifippi, is 34 
 miles long, and 9 broad. Lake de Portage, 
 which is 13 miles long, and i\ broad, 
 communicates with this lake at the north- 
 ern end, by a ftrait ^ of a mile wide. The 
 country bordering on thefe lakes, is low 
 and flat, timbered with cyprefs, live and 
 other kinds of oak ; and on the eaftern 
 fide, the land between it and the Chafal- 
 aya R. is divided by innumerable ftreams, 
 which occafion as many iflands. Some of 
 thefe ftreams are navigable. A little dif- 
 tance from the S eaftern fliore of the lake 
 Chetimachis, is an Idand where perfons 
 paffing that way generally halt as a refl:- 
 ing place. Nearly oppoflte this ifland, 
 there Is an opening which leads to the fea. 
 It is about 150 yards wide, and has i6 or 
 17 fathom water. 
 
 Cheltenham, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 Co. Pennfylvania, has 680 inhabitants. 
 
 Chlametlan, a maritime province of 
 Mexico, in N America, with a town of 
 the fame name, faid to be 37 leagues either 
 way, fi-om N to S, or from E to W. It is 
 very, fertile, contains mines of filver, and 
 produces a great deal of honey and wax. 
 The native Indians are well made and 
 warlike. The river St. Jago empties into 
 the fea here, N W from the point of St. 
 Bias. The chief town is St. Sebaftian. 
 
 Ch'tapa, a river and inland province of 
 Mexico or New Spain, in the audience of 
 Mexico. This province is bounded by 
 Tabafco on the N, by Yucatan N E, by 
 Soconufco S E, and by Vera Paz on the 
 £. It is 85 leagues from E to W, and 
 about 30 where narrowed, but fome parts 
 are near 100 It abounds with great 
 woods of pine, cyprefs, cedar, oak, wal- 
 nut, wood vines, aromatic gums, balfams, 
 liquid amber, tacamahaca, copal, and oth- 
 ers, that yield pure and fovereign balfams; 
 »Ifo with corn, cocoa, cotton and wild co- 
 chineal, pears, appiesj quinces, &c. Here 
 
 they have achlotte, which the natives Tni«' 
 with their chocolate to give it a bright 
 colour. Chiapa abounds with cattle of all 
 forts ; it is famous for a fine breed of horf» 
 es, fo valuable, that they fend their colta 
 to Mexico, though 500 miles off. Beafiis 
 of prey are here in abundance, with fox- 
 es, rabbits, and wild hogs. In this prov- 
 ince there is variety of fnakes, particular- 
 ly in the hilly parts, fome of which arc 
 faid to be 20 feet long, others of a curi- 
 ous red colour, and ftreaked with white 
 and black, which the Indians tame, and 
 even put them about their neclcs. Here 
 are two principal towns called Chiapa«* 
 The Chiapefe are of a fair complexion, 
 courteous, great mafl:«rs of mufic, painting 
 and mechanics, and obedient to their fu- 
 perlors. The principal river is that of Chi- 
 apa, which, running from the N, through, 
 the country of the Quelenes, at lafl: falls 
 into the fea at Tabafco. It is well water- 
 ed ; and by means of Chiapa R. they car- 
 ry on a pretty briik trade with the neigh- 
 bouring provinces, which chiefly coniifis 
 in cochineal and filk ; in which laft com- 
 modity the Indians employ their wives for 
 making handkerchiefs of all colours, whicl* 
 are bought up by the Spaniards and fent 
 to Europe. Though the Spaniards reckon: 
 this one of their poorefl: provinces in A- 
 merica, as having no mines or fand of 
 gold, nor any harbour on the S Sea, yet 
 in fize it is inferior to none but Gautima- 
 ia. Befide, it is a place of great import- 
 ance to the Spaniards, becaufe the ftrength 
 of all their empire in America depends on 
 it ; and into it Is an eafy entrance by the 
 river Tabafco, Puerto Real, and its vi-^ 
 cinity to Yucatan. 
 
 Chiapa^ the name of two towns Int he 
 above province ; the one is fometime* 
 called Cfutdad Real, or the Royal city, and 
 the other Chiapa de los Indos, inhabited by 
 Spaniards. Cividad Real is a bifhop's fee, 
 and the feat of the judicial courts. It i* 
 delightfully fituated on a plain, furrounded 
 with mountains, and almofl: equally diftant 
 from the North and South Seas, and 100 
 leagues N W from Guatlmala. The blffi- 
 op's revenue is 8000 ducats a year. Th«. 
 place is neitlier populous nor rich; and 
 the Spanifli gentry here are become a 
 prox^erb on account of their pride, igno- 
 rance, and poverty. It has faveral mon- 
 afteries ; and the cathedral is an elegant 
 fl:ru<Slure. This city is governed by mag- 
 iflrates chofen amongfl: the burgefles of 
 the town, by a particular privilege granted 
 them by the king of Spain. N lat. 17, W 
 
CHI 
 
 CHI 
 
 Ion. 96 40. The other town, called Cfjhip:t 
 ie las Liiios, that is, as belonging to the In- 
 dians, is the iargcft they have in this coun- 
 try, and lies in a valley near the river Ta- 
 bafco, which abounds with fifli, and is 
 about 12 leagues N W of Chiapa, or Civi- 
 dad Real. The celebrated Bartholomew 
 de las Cafas, the friend of mankind, was 
 the flrft biiliop of Chiapa ; and having 
 complained to the court of Madrid of the 
 cruelties of the Spaniards here, procured 
 the people great privileges, and exemption 
 from' llavery. This Is a very large and 
 rich place, with many cloifters and church- 
 es in it, and no tov/n has fo many Dons of 
 Indian blood as this Chiapa. On the river 
 they have feveral boats, in which they 
 often exhibit fea fights and fieges. In the 
 environs are feveral farms well locked 
 with cattle, and feme fugar plantations. 
 Wheat is brought here from' the SpanilTi 
 Chiapa, and of it they make hard bifcuit, 
 which the poorer Spaniards and Indians 
 carry about and exchange for cotton wool, 
 or fuch little things as they want. There 
 ire about 20,000 Indians in this town. 
 
 Chkapec, or" Chickahre, a fmalt river in 
 MafTachufetts. The principal branches of 
 "which rife in Rutland and Leicefter, unit- 
 ing in the E part of Brookfield, the ftream 
 runs into Quaboag pond, liTuing thence it 
 unites with Ware river, and 6 miles after 
 emptlesinto the Connecfticut at Springfield. 
 
 Chiccanjovga, a large creek which runs 
 JJ weflerly into TenelTee river. Its 
 inouth is 6 miles above the Whirl, and 
 about 27 S W from the mouth of the Hi- 
 wafiee. Nlat. 3518. The Chiccamogga 
 Indian towns lie on this creek and on the 
 bank of the Tenefl"ee. See Chichamaves. 
 
 Chichejler^ Upper and Loiver, two town- 
 fliips in Delaware co. Pennfylvania, the 
 firft containing 385, the other 522 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Cbkhcjier, a fmall townfliip in Rocklng- 
 Iiarrt CO. N. HampHiIre, about 35 miles N 
 W of Exeter, and 45 from Portfmouth. 
 Tt lies on Suncook R was incorporated in 
 1727, and contains 775 inhabitants. 
 
 Chkhahom'/ny, a fmall navigable river in 
 Virginia. At its mouth in jameB river, 
 ^7 miles from Point Corn-Tort, in Chefa- 
 peak bay, is a bar, on which is only 12 
 feet water at common flood tide. Ve^els 
 pafllng that, may go 8 miles up rhe river : 
 thofe of 10 feet draught 12 miles ; and 
 vefTeis of 6 tons burden may go 32 miles 
 up the river. 
 
 Ch'ickantacomico Creche In Dorcheflcr CO. 
 Maryland, runs foutherly between the 
 
 tov/ns of MIddletown and Vienna, ah^ 
 empties into Fifliing bay. 
 
 Chickamages, a part of the Cherokee na* 
 tion of Indians, known by this name, in- 
 habit 5 villages on TenelTee river. See 
 Chiccamogga. 
 
 Chickafaiu Bluff, is on the eaflern bank of 
 the Miflifippi, within the territory of 
 the United States, in N lat. 1$. The Span- 
 iards eredled here a ftrong, ftockaded fort, 
 with cannon, and furnillied it v/ith troops, 
 all in the fpace of 24 hours, in the month 
 of June, 1 795. It has fince been given up 
 according to the treaty of 1796. 
 
 Chickafaiv, a creek which falls into tlie 
 WabafTi from the E, a little below Poll St. 
 Vincent. 
 
 ChrckafaiVy a river which empties into 
 the Miffifippi, on the E fide, 1C4 miles N 
 from the mouth of Margot, a'ld 67 S W 
 of Mine au fer. The lands here are of an 
 excellent quaUty, and covered with a va- 
 riety of ufeful timber, canes, &c. I'his 
 river may be afcended during high floods: 
 upwards of 30 miles with boats of feveral 
 tons burden. 
 
 Cbickafaiiis, a famous nation of Indians,- 
 v/ho inliabit the country on the E fide of 
 the MinifippI, on the head branches of 
 the Tomblgbee, Mobile and Yazoo rivers, 
 in the N W corner of the flate of Georgia, 
 and N of the country of the Chodlaws. 
 Their country is an extenfive plain, toler- 
 ably well watered from fprings, and of a 
 pretty good foil. They have 7 towns, the 
 central one of which is in N lat, 34 23, W 
 Ion. 89 30. The number of fouls in this 
 nation has been formerly reckoned at 
 1725, of which 575 were fighting men. 
 There are fome negroes ranong the Cliick- 
 afaws, who either Vx'ere taken captive in 
 war, or ran away from their mailers, and 
 fought fafety among the Indians. Their 
 origin as given to a late MilTionary, A'Ir. 
 BuUen, is this : " W'e are only a family 
 from a great, rich nation, towards the fet- 
 ting fun, as far as Indians travel in two 
 moons ; our fathers dreamed that towards 
 the rifingfun wasthe land of life ; thefc- peo- 
 ple know more than lndians,an<l are above' 
 v/ant ; from them our poilerity wll! learn 
 good things. Our fathers then travelled, 
 came here ; this is the land of life. Our 
 great Father's -zuhiii; children, know more 
 than Indians ; Chickafaws not hurt any of 
 them. Bye and bye we learn of them things 
 mnke us glad." This agrees with the hii- 
 tory of their conduA ; other accounts 
 fay they glory in having never flied the 
 blood of an Englilli Americaii ; that they 
 
 hava 
 
CHI 
 
 CHI 
 
 ^.lave merited more from the Unked States 
 than all the other Indian tribes. Like 
 other favages they believe in witchcraft ; 
 everv man has as many wives as he pleaf- 
 es ; their connedtion is only during the 
 plealure of the parties ; the children when 
 the parents feparate belong to the nvather. 
 A Chickafaw beau is loaded with orna- 
 "ments, and covered with various paintings, 
 with a looking glafs in his pocket, or fuf- 
 pended by his fide. They have lately 
 given a kind reception to a Chriftian 
 JVIiffionary from N. York, and it may be 
 hoped that foon morals and the ftate of 
 fociety will be improved among them. 
 They have fields well cultivated, plenty 
 of cows, horfes, hogs, and corn. Num- 
 bers of white people have fettled in their 
 neighbourhood, over whom ouragent with 
 the Indians a(5ls as magiftrate. In one of 
 their towns is a pofl: office. In 1539, Fer- 
 dinand de Soto, with 900 men, befide fea- 
 men, failed from Cuba with a defign to 
 conquer Florida. He travelled northward 
 to the Chickafaw country about lat. 35 or 
 36 ; and 3 years after died, and was buri- 
 td on thebmk of Miffifippi river. 
 
 Chicomuzdn., a town in the province of 
 Chiapa, in New Spain, having a cave very 
 narrow at tljjfe entry, but fpacious within, 
 with a fegnant lake, Vvrhich is, however, 
 clear, and Is a fathoms deep towards the 
 banks. 
 
 Chihemecomet IfianJ, or Chichnhiochcumt- 
 fioci, on the coaft of N. Carolina, lies be- 
 tween Roanoke ifland and the northern 
 entrance into Pamlico fcund. 
 
 Chrhnhoeki, an Indian nation who were 
 confederates of the Lenopi or Delawares, 
 and inhabited the weftern bank of Dela- 
 ware R. which was anciently called by 
 their nam.e. Their fouthern boundary 
 was Duck creek, in Newcaftle co 
 
 Chikago R. empties into the S W end of 
 IakeMichigan,wnerea fort formerly flood. 
 Here the Indians have ceded to the United 
 States, by the treaty of Greenville, a tradl 
 of land 6 miles fquare. 
 
 Ch'igneBo Channel, the N weflern arm of 
 the bay of Fundy, into which Petitcodiac 
 R. falls. The fpring tides rife here 60 feet. 
 
 Chilapan, a town in N. Spain, in the 
 •ountry of the Cohuixcas. Between this 
 and Tcoiltylan is an entire mountain of 
 loadftone. 
 
 Cbilca, a town in the jurifdiclion of Ca- 
 nette in Peru, S. America, celebrated for 
 its excellent faltpetre, of which gun pow- 
 der is made in the metropolis. It abounds 
 with plenty of fifh, fruits, pulfe, and poul- 
 VoL. I. N 
 
 try, in which It carries on a very confider« 
 able trade with Lima, 10 leagues dilbant. 
 Slat. 12 31, Wlon. 765. 
 
 Chilcjhury, a poll town in Caroline co* 
 Virginia, 90 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Cbilt, in S. America, is bounded bv Peru, 
 on the N ; by Paraguay or La Plata, on 
 the E ; by Patagonia, on the S ; and by 
 the Pacific Ocean on the W. It is iix 
 length about ia6o miles, In breadth j8o ; 
 between 25 and 44 S lat. and between 6$ 
 and 85 W Ion. It lies on both fides of the 
 Andes. Cliili proper, lies on the W ; and 
 Cuyo or Cutio, on the E. The principal 
 towns In the former, are St. Jago and Bal- 
 divla ; in the latter, St. John de Frontlera. 
 The climate of Chili, is one of the mod: 
 delightful in the world, being a mediuni 
 between the intenfe heats of the torrid, 
 and the piercing colds of the frigid zones. 
 Along the coaft of the Pacific ocean,they en- 
 joy a fine temperate air, and a clear ferene 
 iky, moft part of the year ; but foraetimes 
 the winds that blow from the mountains, 
 in winter, are exceedingly fharp. Tliere 
 are few places in this extenfive country, 
 where the foil is not exuberantly rich ; 
 and were its natural advantages feconded 
 by the induftry of the inhabitants. Chili 
 would be the niofl opulent kingdom ia 
 America. The horfes and mules of Chili, 
 are In great efteem, particularly the form,- 
 er. Prodigious numbers of oxen, goats 
 and flieep, are fattened in the luxuriant 
 paftures of Chili, and indeed this Is the only 
 part of hulhandry to which the inhabitants 
 pay any confiderable attention. An ox 
 well fattened may be purchafed, for four 
 dollars. Turkeys, geefe, and all kinds of 
 poultry, are found here in the fame pro- 
 fufion. The coafts abound with many ex- 
 cellent fifli ; there are alfo vaft numbers of 
 whales and fea wolves. The foil produces 
 Indian and European corn, hemp, grapes, 
 and all other fruits. The European Iruit 
 tiees are obliged to be propped to enable 
 them to fuflain the weight of the fruit. 
 Orange trees are In bloom and bear fruit; 
 throughout the year. Olives alfo, and 
 almond trees, thrive exceedingly well; and 
 the Inhabitants prefs a kind of mufcadine 
 wine from the grapes, which far exceeds 
 any of the land made In Spam. Mines 
 of gold, filver, copper, tin, quickfilver, iron 
 and led, abound In this country. Vaft 
 quantities of gold are waflied down from 
 the mountains by bt ooks and torrents; the 
 annual amount of which when manufac- 
 tured, is eftimated at no lefs than 8.' 0,000 
 dollars. Chili has always had commer- 
 cial. 
 
CHI 
 
 CHI 
 
 clal conue<£tions with the neighbouring In- 
 dians on its frontiers, with Peru and Para- 
 gua. The Indians, in their tranfacSions, 
 are found to be perfectly honefl;. Chili 
 fupplies Peru with hides, dried fruit, cop- 
 per, fait meat, horfes, hemp, and corn ; 
 and receives in exchange, tobacco, fugar, 
 cocoa, earthen Avare, fome inanufadturcs 
 made at Quito, and fome articles of luxury- 
 brought from Europe. To Paraguay ibe 
 fends wine, brandy, oil, and chiefly gold ; 
 and receives in payment, mules, wax, cot- 
 ton, the herb of Paraguay, negroes, &c. 
 The commerce betweea the two colonies 
 is not carried on by fea ; it hath been 
 found more expeditious, fafer, and even 
 lefs expenfive, to go by land, though it is 
 354 leagues from St. jago to Buenos Ay- 
 res, and more than 40 leagues of the way 
 are araidft the fnows and precipices of the 
 Cordilleras. The hidians in this country 
 are frill in a great meafure unconqu«red ; 
 they liv.e fcattared in the deferts and for- 
 efls, and it is impollible to afcertain their 
 numbers. Thofe Indians, Vv^hich are not 
 fubjec^. 10 the Spanifli yoke, are very 
 honeft in their commercial tranfacflions ; 
 ftut iiV:e almofl: all other Indians, they are 
 \'ery fond of fplrituous liquors. They live 
 in fmall huts, wliich they build in the 
 courlc of a day or two at fartheft ; and 
 which they abandon when hard pufhed 
 by an enemy. They are brave and war- 
 like, and nil the attempts of the Spaniardsto 
 fubdue them have proved InefFedrual. It 
 is almoft equally difficult to afcertain the ' 
 number of Spaniards in Chili. The Abbe ; 
 Ra^/nal fays, there are 40,000 in the city : 
 of St. Jago ; if this be true, the aggregate 
 number in all the provinces of Chili mufl 
 be more confiderable than has been gen- 
 erally fuppofed. St. Jago is the capital of 
 this country, and the feat of government. 
 The commandant there is fubordinate to 
 the Viceroy of Peru, in all matters relating 
 to the government, to the finances, and to 
 war ; but he is independent of him as 
 chief adminiftrator of jufl:ice,and prefident 
 of the royal audiance. Eleven inferior 
 officers, diftribiited in the province, are 
 cliarged, under his orders, with the de- 
 tails of adminirtration. This country was 
 firft difcovered by Don Diego d'Almagro, 
 in 1525. 
 . Chillotvee Mountain, in the foutheaftern 
 part of the flate of TenelTee, and between 
 rt and the Cherokee country. 
 
 ChlUhftiaqiic, a townlliip on Sufquehanna 
 R. in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Chillakoihe. an Indian town on the Great 
 
 Miami, which was deftroyed in 178a by a 
 body of militia from Kentucky. Gen. 
 Harmar fuppofes this to be the " Englifli 
 Tawixtwi," in Hutchins's map. Here are 
 the ruins of an old? fort ;■ and on both fide* 
 of the river are exteniive meadows. This 
 name is applied to many different places, 
 in honour of an influential chief, who for- 
 merly headed the Shawanoes. See Ta-wix^ 
 tivi. 
 
 Chillukothe, OIJ^ is an Indian town de- 
 ftroyed by the forces of the U. S in 1780. 
 It lies about 3 miles S of Little Miami 
 R. The country in its vicinity is of a rich 
 foil, and is beautifully chequered wiih 
 meadows. 
 
 Ch'ilmark, a townfliip on Martha's 
 Vineyard I. Duke's co. Maflachufetts, 
 containing 800 inhabitants. It lies 90 
 miles S by E of Boflon, See Marthas 
 Vineyard, 
 
 Chiloe, a confiderable ifland of Chili, S. 
 America, the S part of which is divided 
 from the continent by a narrow fea, and 
 the continent there forms a bay ; it is 
 fituated betv/een 42 and 44,of S lat. being 
 about 150 miles in length and 21 in 
 breadth. The illai.d produces ail necef- 
 fary proviiions, excepting wine, and quan- 
 tities of ambergris are foundon the coaH-. 
 It has an inditlereut fort called Chacao. 
 Caftro, the chief town, ftands between 
 two brooks, with a fmall caflle which com- 
 mands the harbour. It has no other de- 
 fence, and the houfes are few and feat- 
 tered. 
 
 Cbiiloas, a jurifdidlion in- the biflioprick^ 
 of Truxillo, in S America. 
 
 Chilqiies, a jurifdidlion of S. America, in 
 Peru, fubjetft to the bifhop of Cufco, 8 
 leagues S E from that city. Its comnierce 
 confifls in woollen manufa(5tures, grain of 
 all kinds, cows, fhcep, &c. 
 
 Chimbo, a jurifdi^lion in the province 
 of Zinto, in S. America, in the torrid 
 zone. I'he capital is alfo called by the 
 fame name. 
 
 Chi7nbora'zo,\nihe province of Quito, Js- 
 the higheft point of the Andes, and the 
 higheft mountain as yet known in the 
 world; being, according to Condamine, 
 19,200 feet; according to others, 20,608 
 feet, above tlie level of the fea. It lies 
 nearly under the line, being in i 41 40, 
 S lat. yet its tops are covered with ice 
 and fnow, and by the winds which blow 
 from it, the country adjacent is often 
 pierced with intolerable cold. 
 
 Chlnca, a large and pleafant valley ia 
 the diocefe of Lima, in Peru. Pizarro 
 
 de fired 
 
CHO 
 
 CHO 
 
 tltfired the king of Spain that this might 
 J3e the limits of his government on the 
 S, and that the river St. Jago fliould bound 
 it on the N. The valley bears good wheat, 
 and Spanifli vines thrive well in it. 
 
 Chincacoca^ a lake in Peru, in the town 
 of Cuanuca. 
 
 Cbipaivas. See Chepatvas. 
 
 Cbippaiva, an inconfiderable place near 
 the falls of Niagara, lo miles from Queenf- 
 town. 
 
 Chippaiva Creek, a ftream which empties 
 itfelf into Niagara R. i,| mile above the 
 falls, it is a fine canal without falls 40 
 miles in length. It has its name fiom the 
 Indians, who once inhabited its banks. 
 Here is a garrifon, a few ftores, and fev- 
 £ral houfes. 
 
 Cbippeiva R. runs S wefhvard into Mifll- 
 iippi R. in that part where the confluent 
 waters form lake Pepin, in N iat. 44, W 
 Ion. ()2, 54- 
 
 Chiragoiv. Sfe Ple'in ri'ver, 
 
 Chijfdy a fort in the ftate of TenelTee, 
 i4 miles from Englilli ferry, on New riv- 
 ■er; 43 from Abingdon, and 107 from 
 Long id and, on Holiton. 
 
 Chittenden Co. in Vermont, li^s on lake 
 Champlain, between Franklin co. on the 
 N, and Addifon S ; La Moille river paffes 
 through its N W corner, and Onion river 
 divides it nearly in the center. Its chief 
 town is Burlington. It contains 12,778 
 inhabitants. 
 
 ChHtenden, a tovvnfliip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, contains 327 inhabitants. 'I'he 
 road over the mountain pafles through 
 this townlliip. It lies 7 miles E from the 
 fort on Otter creek, in Pittsford, and about 
 60 N by E from Bennington. 
 
 Chittenengo, or Canafirage, a COnfiderable 
 ftream which runs northerly into Lake 
 Ooeida. 
 
 Chocolate Crcehy a head water of Tioga R. 
 in 14. York, whofe mouth is 10 miles S VV 
 of the Painted Poft. 
 
 C'jocoJacoca, which the Spaniards call 
 Caftro Virreyna,a town of Peru, 60 leagues 
 S eaflward of I^ima, is very famous for its 
 lilver mines, which are at the top of a 
 great mountain, always covered with 
 fnow, and but 1 leagues from the town. 
 The (tones of the mine are of a dark blue 
 colour ; thefe being calcined and pov/- 
 dered, then fteeped in water and quickfil- 
 ver, the filth is feparatcd and the filver 
 melted and formed into bars. Thefe veins 
 are not very rich, but the metal is very 
 fine. They make plenty of wine here, 
 where it attains a greater degree of per- 
 
 fedlion, owing to the pureneCs of the air, 
 than it is obferved to have elfewhere. 
 
 Chocnpe, a town in the jurifdidtion of 
 
 Truxillo, in S. America, in Peru ; 14 
 
 leagues Ibuthward of St. Pedro. Here are 
 
 about 90 or 100 houles, and about 60 or 
 
 70 families, chiefly Spaniaixls, with fome 
 
 of the other calls, but not above 25 In- 
 
 i dian families. It has a church built of 
 
 j brick, both large and decent. The peo- 
 
 j pie here mention a rain that fell in 1726, 
 
 which lafted 40 nights, beginning ccnftant- 
 
 ly at 4 or 5 in the evening, and ceafuig at 
 
 the fame hour next morning, which laid 
 
 moll of the houles in ruins. S Iat. 7 46. 
 
 Cbocorua, a mountain in Grafton co. N. 
 
 Hampflaire, on the N line of Strafford co. 
 
 N of Tamworth. 
 
 Chocuito, or rather Chucuiio, or THl Caca^ 
 a large lake near Paria, in S. America^- 
 and in Peru, into which a great number 
 of rivers empty themfeives. It is 240 
 miles in circumference, aild in fome parts 
 80 fathoms deep ; yet the water cannot 
 be drank, it is fo very turbid. It abounds 
 in fifli, which they dry and fait, and ex- 
 change with the neighbouring provinces 
 for brandy, wines, meal, or money. It is 
 faid the ancient Yncas, on the conqueft of 
 Peru, by tlie Spaniards threw into this 
 lake, all their riches of gold and filver. It 
 was this lake into whi':h the Ynca Huana 
 Capac, threv/ the famous chain of gold, 
 the value of which was immenie. It a- 
 bounds with flags and ruflies, of which 
 Capac Vupanchi, the iifth Ynca, built a 
 bridge, for tranfporting his army to the 
 other fide. 
 
 Choifcul Bay, on the N W coafl of the 
 iflands of theArfacides,W of PortPraflin. 
 The inhabitants on this bay, like thole at 
 Port Praflin, have a cuftom of powdering 
 their hair with lime, which burns it and 
 gives it a red appearance. 
 
 Chops, The, in Kennebeck river, 3 mile? 
 above Swan Ifland. 
 
 Choptank, a large navigable river of the 
 eaflern fliore of Maryland, emptying into 
 Chefapeak bay 
 
 Chuivan Co. in Edenton diftricSl, N. Car- 
 olina, on the N fide of Albemarle found. 
 It contains 3730 inhabitants, of whom 
 1760 are flaves. Chief. town, Edenton. 
 
 Choxvan R. in N. Carolina, falls into the 
 N W corner of Albemarle found. It is 3 
 miles wide at the mouth, but narrows faft 
 as you afcend it. It is formed 5 miles from 
 the Virginia line, by the confluence of 
 Meherrin, Nottaway, and Black rivers, 
 wiiich all rife in Virginia. 
 
 Chrtjl 
 
CHR 
 
 CHIT 
 
 ChriJI Church, a pariHi in Charlefton dif- 
 tricft, S. Carolina, containing 4034 inhab- 
 itants, of Avhom 449 are whitesj 3585 
 flaves. 
 
 Chrijlian, a CO. of Kentucky, containing 
 33 1 8 inhabitants. At the court houie is 
 a pcft office, 8i6 miles from Walliingtcm. 
 
 Chrijlicna Bridge, a poft town in New- 
 caftle CO. Delaware, is fituated on a nav- 
 igable creek of its name, i x miles from 
 ilkton, 9 S W of Wilmington, and 37 S 
 W of Philadelphia. The town, confifting 
 of about 50 houfes, and a Prefbyterian 
 church, ftands on a declivity which com- 
 mands a pleafant profpe(!i of the country 
 towards the Delaware. It carries on a 
 brilk trade with Philadelphia in flour. It 
 is the greateft carrying place between the 
 navigable waters of the Delaware and 
 Chefapeak; which are 13 miles afunder 
 at this place. It was built by the Swedes, 
 in 1640, and thus called after their queen. 
 
 Chrijliana Creek, on which the above 
 town is lituated, falls into Delaware R. 
 from the S W, a little below Wilmington. 
 It is propofed to cut a canal of about 9 
 miles in length, in a S weflern dire(5lion 
 from this creek, at the town of Chriftlana 
 (6 mile^ W S W of New CafUe) to Elk R. 
 in Maryland, about a mile below Elkton. 
 See Delaivare, and Wilmhigton. 
 
 Chrijiiana,St. one of the Marquefas ides, 
 called by the natives Waitahu, lies under 
 the fame parrallel with St. Pedro, 3 or 4 
 leagues more to the weft. Refolution 
 bay, near the middle of the W fide of the 
 ifland, is in lat. 9 55 30 S, Ion. 139 8 40 W, 
 from Greenwich ; and the W end of Dom- 
 inica N 15 W. Capt. Cook gave this bay 
 the name of his fliip. It was called Port 
 Madre de Dios by the Spaniards. I'his 
 ifland produces cotton of a fuperior kind. 
 A ipecinien of it is depofited in the mufe- 
 um of tlie MaiT. Hift. Society. 
 
 Chrijllanfburg, the chief town of Mont- 
 gomery CO. Virginia. It contains very 
 few houfes ; has a court houfe and go.al, 
 iituated near a branch of Little R. a water 
 of the Kanhaway. It is 478 miles from 
 Philadelpiiia. N lat. 375. 
 
 Chr'ijlianftcd, the principi 1 town in the 
 ifland of Santa Cruz, fituated on the N 
 fide of the ifland, on a fine harbour. It is 
 the refidence of theDanifli governor, and 
 is defended by a ftone fortrefs. 
 
 ChrljVianf'uVle, a poft tov/n cf Mecklen- 
 burg CO. Virginia, 243 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Chr\[}mas I/land, in the Pacific ocean, lies 
 entirely folitary, nearly equally diftant 
 
 from the Sandwich iflands on tlic N, ani' 
 the Marquefas on the S. It was fo named 
 by Capt. Cook, on account of his firft 
 landing there, on Chriflmas day. Not a 
 drop of frefli water was found by digging. 
 A lliip touching at this defolate ifle muTt 
 exped: nothing but turtle, fifli, and a few 
 birds. It is about 15 or ao leagues In cir- 
 cumference, and bounded by a reef of 
 coral rocks. on the W fide of v,:hich there 
 is a bank of fine fand, extending a mil« 
 into the fea, and affording good anchorage. 
 N lat. I s<), W ion. 157 30. 
 
 Chrijlmas Sound, in Terra del Fuego, S. 
 America, S lat. 5s -i> W Ion. 69 57. 
 
 Cbrijlcphers, St. an ifland in the W.Indies, 
 belonging to G. Britain, commonly called, 
 by the failors, St. Kitts ; by the ancient 
 Indians, Ay-ay ; and by the Charaibes, 
 Liamniga, or the fertile ifland, is lituated 
 in N lat. 17, W Ion. 62 ; and is 20 miles 
 long and 7 broad, containing about 80 
 fquare miles. It was difcovered in No- 
 vember, 1493, by Colmbus himfelf, who 
 was fo pleafed with its appearance, that he 
 honoured it with his own chriftian name; 
 but it was neither planted nor poffeffed 
 by the Spaniards. It is however the oldeft 
 of all the Britilh territories in the W. In- 
 dies. In 1626, it was fettled by the Frencli 
 and Englifli conjointly ; but entirely ceded 
 to the latter by the peace of Utrecht. 
 Great quantities of indigo were formerly 
 raifedhere. In 1770, the exports amount- 
 ed to above £.419,000 fterling, in fugar, 
 molafies, and rum ; and near ;^.8ooo for 
 cotton. Befide cotton, ginger, and the 
 tropical fruitSjitproduccd, in 1787,231,397 
 cwt. of fugar, and in 1790, but about 
 113,000 cwt. It is computed that thi* 
 ifland contains 6000 whites, and 36,000 
 negroes. In February, 1782, it was taken 
 by the French, but reltored to Britain by 
 the treaty of 1783. 
 
 Cbutnbi Vilcas, a jurifdidion fubje<5l to 
 the biflaop cf Cufco, in Peru, about 40 
 leagues from that city ; it produces corn, 
 fruits, large paftures for cattle, and mines 
 of gold and filver. 
 
 Chnnh Creek Toivn, in Dorchefter CO. 
 Maryland, lies at the head of Church 
 creek, a branch of Fludfon R. 7 miles S 
 wefterly from Cambridge. 
 
 Church Hill, a village, where is a poft 
 office, in Queen Anne's co. Maryland ; N 
 W 01 Bridg town, and N E of Centrevillc 
 8 miles, and 85 S W from Philadelphia. 
 N lat. 40 9, Wlon. 75 53- 
 
 Church Hill fort, in New N. V.'^ales, 
 ilands at the mouth cf Seal R. on the Is 
 
 iide 
 
€IN 
 
 CL A 
 
 fide of Hudfon bay ; 120 miles N N E of 
 York Fort. N lat. 48 58, W Ion. 94 13- 
 
 Churchill jR. in New S. Wales, runs N 
 eafterly into the W lide of Hudfon bay, at 
 Church Hill Fort, in lat .58 57 32 N, Ion. 
 94 12 30 W. See Ne'zuBritain,Shcchary.,i5'c. 
 
 Churchtoivn^ a village in the N E part of 
 Lancafter co. Pennfylvania, ^bout ao miles 
 E N E of Lancafter, and 50 W N W of 
 Philadelphia. It has \i houfes, and an 
 Epifcopal church ; and in the environs 
 are tv/o forges, which manufadture about 
 450 tons of bar iron annually. 
 
 Ciacica, a jurifdi6tion in Peru, fubjeA 
 to the archbiiliqp of Plata, and 90 leagues 
 diftant from that city ; abounding in co- 
 coa, cattle, and fome filver mines. 
 
 Cibola, or Civola, the name of a town in, 
 and alfo the ancient name of, New Gran- 
 ada, in Terra Firma, S. America. The 
 country here, though not mountainous, is 
 very cool ; and the Indians are faid to be 
 the whiteft, wittieft, moft fmcere and or- 
 derly of all the aboriginal Americans. 
 When the country was difcovered, they 
 had each but one wife, and were excei- 
 fively jealous. They worlhipped water, 
 and an old woman that was a magician ; 
 and believed flie lay hid under one of 
 their lakes. 
 
 Cicero, in JLyfander townfliip, N. York, 
 on the S W fide of Oneida lake ; and be- 
 tween it, the Salt lake, and the Salt i'prings. 
 See L^'Jander. 
 
 Cinnha, called by fome Cinoleo, a prov- 
 ince in the audience of Galicia, in Old 
 Mexico or New Spain. It has the gulf of 
 California on the W,the province of Cu- 
 iiacan on the S, and the kingdom of New- 
 Mexico on the N and E. From S E to N 
 E it is about 100 leagues ; and not above 
 40 where broadeft. On the £ llde it is 
 bounded by the high, craggy mountains, 
 called Tepecfuan, 30 or 40 leagues from 
 the fea. It is well watered, its rivers 
 abound with fifli, and the air is ferene and 
 healthful. It abounds with all forts of 
 fruit, and grain, and cotton. The natives 
 are hardy and induftrious, and manufac- 
 ture cotton cloth, with which they clothe 
 themfelves. 
 
 Cincinnati, a flourifliing poft town in the 
 ftate of Ohio. It ftands on the N bank 
 of theOhio, oppofite the mouth of Lick- 
 ing R. 24 miles S»W of Fort Wafliington, 
 and about 8 miles wefterly of Columbia. 
 Both thefe towns lie between Great and 
 Little Miami rivers. Cincinnati contains 
 about 300 houfes ; and is 82 miles N by 
 E of Ffankfort ; <>oN V/ of Lexington, and 
 
 779 Wby S of Philadelphia. Some per* 
 fons a fliort time fince, in digging a weii, 
 on the hill, in this town, at the depth of 
 90 feet came to dijlump of a tree, the roots 
 of which were fo found that they had tq 
 be cut away with an axe ; at 94 feet they 
 came to another, which ftiil bore evident 
 marks of the axe, and on its top there ap- 
 peared as if fome iron tool had been con- 
 iumed by ruft. N lat. 39 22, W Ion. 85 44. 
 
 Cincinnatus, is the S eallernmoft of the 
 military townfliips of N. York ftate. It 
 has Virgil W, and Salem E, and lies on two 
 branches of Tioughnioga R. a N weftern 
 branch of the Chenango. The center of 
 the town lies 53 miles S W by W of 
 Cooperftown, and 39 S E by S of th# S E 
 end of Salt Lake. N lat. 42 30. 
 
 Circncejier. See Marcus Hook. 
 
 City Paini,'m Prince George co. Virginia, 
 a port office is kept here, 169 miles trom 
 Wafliington. See Berrruda Hundred. 
 
 Ci'vidad Real, the capital city of Chiapa, 
 in New Spain. In 1570, it contained about 
 100 Spanifli inhabitants. See Chiapa. 
 
 Ci'vidad Real, is the capital of the prov- 
 ince of Gufiira,in the Edivilion of Paraguay. 
 
 Claies, Lake aux, now Lake Simcoe, \% 
 fituated between York and Gloucefter bay 
 on Lake Fluron, in U. Canada ; it has a 
 few fmall iilands, and feveral good har- 
 bours ; ^ vellel has been built for the pur- 
 pofe of facilitating the communication by 
 that rout. ii7nyiL. 
 
 Clair, St. a county in the Indiana len-i- 
 tory, was laid olFa7th April, 1790. Its 
 boundaries are thus officially deici-ibed ; 
 " Beginning at the mouth of the Little 
 Michillimackinack river ; running thence 
 foutherly in a direiil line to the mouth of 
 the Little river above fort MaiTac, upon 
 the Ohio river ; thence with the Ohio to 
 its junction with the Miihfippi ; thence 
 Up the Miflifippi to the mouth of the 
 Iliinos river ; and up the Illinois to the 
 pWe of beginning, with all the adjacent 
 illan^s of the faid rivers Illinois and Milii- 
 fippi." It contains 1255 inhabitants. 
 
 Clair, St. a fort in the Indiana territory, 
 25 miles N of fort Kamilton, on a fmaii 
 creek which falls into the Great Miami j 
 21 miles S of fort Jeiierfon. 
 
 Clair, St. Lake, lies about half way be- 
 tween lakePIuron and lake Erie, 90 miles 
 in circumference. It receives the waters 
 of the three great lakes, Superior, Miciii- 
 gan, and Huron, and difcharges them 
 through the river or fbrtiit, called D'E- 
 troit, or the Straii, into lake Erie. Its 
 channel, as alfo that of the lake, is fuffi^ 
 
 cieatly 
 
CL A 
 
 CL A 
 
 cientl}' deep for vefTel*. of very confidera- 
 h\e burden. See D^Etroit. 
 
 Clam Toiun, See Egg harbour. 
 
 Clare, a townfhip on St. Mary's bay, in 
 Annapolis co. Nova Scotia. It has about 
 50 families, and is compofed of woodland 
 5uid fait marfli. 
 
 Claranont, a poil town in Chefliire co. 
 N. Hampfliire, on the E fide of Connecti- 
 cut river, oppofite Afcutney mountain, 
 in Vermont, and on the N fide of Sugar 
 R. 24 miles S of Dartmouth college, and 
 8a S W by W of Portfmouth. It was in- 
 corporated in 1764, and contains 1889 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Claremojif, Co. in Siunpter diftricl, S. 
 Carolina. Statefburg is the county town. 
 
 Clarence Toivnfaip, in the county of Stor- 
 rnont, U. Canada, is the ctli towufliip as 
 you afcend the Ottawa river. 
 
 Clarendon. See Ccrpc Fear river. 
 
 Clarendon Co. in Sumpter diftrid:, S. Car- 
 olina, about 30 miles long, and 30 broad. 
 
 Clarendon., a townfhip near the center of 
 Rutland co. Vermont, watered by Otter 
 Creek and its tributary ftreams ; 14 or 
 Ij miles E of Fairhaven, and 44 NE of 
 Bennington. It contains 1789 inhabit- 
 ants. On the S E fide of a mountain in 
 the wefterly part of Clarendon, or in the 
 edge of Tinmouth, is a curious cave, the 
 mouth of which is not more than 'x\ feet 
 in diameter. In its defcent, the pafTage 
 makes an angle with the horizon of 2,5 
 or 40 degrees ; but continues of nearly 
 the fame diameter through its whole 
 length, v/hich is 31 1 feet. At that dif- 
 tance from the mouth, it opens into a 
 fpacious room, 20 feet long, \i\ wide, 
 and 18 or 20 feet high. Everj"- part of 
 the floor, fides and roof of this room ap- 
 p€.»r to be a folid rock, but very rough and 
 uneven. The water is continually per- 
 colating through the top, and has formed 
 ftaladtites of various forms ; many of 
 which are conical, and fome have the ap- 
 pearance of mafllve columns. From this 
 room there is a communication by a nar- 
 row paflage to others equally curious. 
 
 Clarke., a new county of Kentucky, be- 
 tween the head waters of Kentucky and 
 Licking rivers. It contains 7523 inhabit- 
 ants, 1535 being flaves. Its chief town is 
 Winchefher. 
 
 Clarke Toivrfcip, in the CO. of Durham, 
 XI. Canada, lies to the W of Hope, and 
 fronts lake Ontario. 
 
 Clarhjhurg, a pofl and chief town of 
 Harrifon cc. Virginia. It contains about 
 40 houfes, a court houfe, and gaol ; and 
 
 tlands on the E fide of Monongahela R- 
 to miles S W of Morgan town. 
 
 Clarkjhitrg, a tov.'n of MafTachufelts, 
 Berklbire co. bounded N by Stanford in 
 Vermont, W by Williaroftown, containing 
 
 CiarJJhurg, a poft town of Montgomery 
 CO. Maryland, 29 miles from Wafnington. 
 
 Clarkjlurg, a poll town, Jackfon co, 
 Georgia, 704 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Clarks Ferry, Cum.beriandco. Pennfylva^ 
 nia, where is a pofl office, 154 miles front 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Clarkff-ville, a town on the E bank of the 
 Miflilippi river, near the boundary line 
 between Georgia and W Florida. 'Ibja 
 place was appointed to be the rendezvous 
 of the Spanifli and American CommifTion- 
 ers who were authorized to run the (Xi-- 
 vifional line between Spain and the Unit- 
 ed States, according to the Treaty of 1 795. 
 
 Clarhjio-zvn, in Orange CO. N. York, lie* 
 on the W lide of the 1 appan Sea, 2 miles 
 diflant ; nortlu;rly from Tappan town^? 
 fhip, 6 miles, and from N. York city, 29 
 miles. By the ftate cenfus of 1796, 224 
 of its inhabitants were elecftors, 
 
 ClarkfvHle, or Clerlfmlle, a poft and chief 
 town of Montgomery co. Teneflee, is 
 pleafantly lituated on the N bank of Cum- 
 berland R. and at the mouth of Red river, 
 oppofite the mouth of Muddy Creek. U 
 contains a court houfe and gaol, 45 miles 
 N W of Nalliville ; 220 N W by W of 
 KnoxviJle,aud 940 W by S of Philadei-. 
 phia. N lat. 36 25, W Ion. 88 57. 
 
 Clnrhf-ville, a fr-iall fettlement in the N 
 W territory, which contained, in 1791, 
 about 60 fouls. It is fituated on the north* 
 ern bank of the Ohio, oppofite Louifville, 
 a mile below the Rapids, and 100 miles S 
 E of Poft Vincent. It is frequently flood-, 
 ed, when the river is high, and inhabited 
 by people who cannot, at prefent, find a^ 
 better Situation. 
 
 Claverack, a poft town in Columbia co. 
 N. Y^ork, pleafantly fituated on a large 
 plain, about 2\ miles E of Hudfon city, 
 near a creek of its own name. It contains 
 about 6s houfes, a Dutch church, a court 
 houfe, and a gaol. l"he townfliip contains 
 4414 inhabitants, including 314 flaves. 
 
 Clay Ponds, a place fo called on Cape 
 Cod, Mafl'achufetts, where a light houfe 
 was ere^d,by order of the United States, 
 in 1797. " The light houfe is erecSled on 
 land elevated about 150 feet, which with 
 the elevation of the lantern makes the 
 whole height 200 feet above high water 
 mai-k. In or^^er that this Light may be 
 diftinguiflied 
 
CtA 
 
 CLE 
 
 diftinguiJlied from the Bofton and other 
 Lights on this coafl, an eclipfer is erecSted, 
 which will revolve around the lamps once 
 in 80 feconds, fo that the Light will be 
 nearly excluded from the eye of the ap- 
 proaching manner about 30 feconds, in 
 one revolution of the ecHpfe. To render 
 the benevolent defigns of Congrefs as ex- 
 tenlively ufeful as pollible, the Marine 
 Society in Bofton, by a large comirrittee 
 from their body, whofe views have been 
 feconded by others, have taken fuch dif- 
 tances and bearings as they thought necef- 
 fary ; which obfervations giving light and 
 fafety, are added for the benefit of all in- 
 terefted, and are as follow : VefTels out- 
 ward bound, from Bofton light houfe, and 
 would widi to fall in with Cape Cod, the 
 courfe is E S E,difi:ance 15 leagues; thence 
 3 leagues to the light houfe. When up 
 with the light houfe, arrd it bears S W z 
 leagues diftance, you may then fteer S S E, 
 which will carry you out of the S chan- 
 nel. Veffels inward bound and fait in 
 with the back of CapeCod, bring the Light 
 to bear S W 2 leagues diftance ; then you 
 may fteer W N W for Boflon light houfe. 
 If 3/^ouv/ouldwini togo into Cape Cod har- 
 bour, you may keep the fliore aboard 
 about a mile diflant, where you v/ill ha\^e 
 10 fathom swater. There is a bar lies off" 
 the back of the Cape, about half a mile 
 from the fliore. When up with Race 
 point, which is very bold, and about 3 
 Jeagues to the weftv/ard of the light houfe, 
 and may be known by a number of fiOi 
 jhoufes on it. From- i to 3 miles to the 
 fouthward of Race point, is what is catkd 
 Herring Cove, where you may have good 
 anchoring half a mile from the fliore, the 
 wind from E to N N E in 4 or even in 3 
 fathom water. If bound into Cape Cod 
 harbour, your courfe from Race point to 
 Wood end, is S S E 6 miles diftance, bring 
 the Light to bear E by N, and run for it 
 about % miles, you will then be clear of 
 Wood End ; then you muft fteer N E un- 
 til the Light bears E by S ; then run N W 
 for the harbour, until you have from 4 
 to 3^- fathom water, where you have good 
 anchoring ; the Light then will bear P2 by 
 S I S 5 or 6 miles diftance. In running 
 from the Race point to Wood End, after 
 you pafs the Black I^and or Hummucks, 
 you will come up with a low fandv beach, 
 ! which form.s the harbour, extending be- 
 
 tween 2 and 3 miles to Wood End, which 
 is dilTicult to be diftinguiflied in the night, 
 it is very bold you will have 25 fathom 
 water within half a mile of the £hore. la 
 
 beating into Cape Cod harbour, you muftf 
 keep the eafteni fhore aboard, until yoa 
 get into 5 fathom water. Stand no fur- 
 ther to the weftv/ard than to bi-ing the 
 Light to bear E by S, as there is a long 
 fpit of fand runs off from th^ weftern 
 fliore which being very boId,youwill have 
 II fathom water witJiln a ftone's throw of 
 fliore. In cafe it blows fo hard that you 
 cannot beat in the harbour, you will have 
 good anchoring without, from 10 to 15 
 fathom water. VeiTels in Bofton bay, and 
 would wifli to put away for Cape Cod 
 harbour, muft endeavour to fall in with 
 tlie Race. If in the night, aixl you can- 
 not fee the land, you muft bring the Light 
 to bear E by N, and run for it until yoU 
 have foundings in 14 or 15 fathom water; 
 then fteer N E until the Light bears E by 
 S, then run in N W for the harbour. At 
 full and change it is high water off Race 
 point at 10 o'clock and 4 ? minutes. Vef- 
 fels in leaving Cape Cod, bound to Bofton, 
 fliould calculate the tide, as the flood feti 
 ftrongtotheS W. 
 
 Clear Water Creeh, rifes among the 
 fouthern branches of Dick River, and 
 empties into the Teneffee on the N fide, i 
 mile above the mouth of the Occachappo. 
 
 Clerk's Ips, lie S W^ from, and at the en- 
 trance of Behring's ftraits, which feparate 
 Afia from America. They rather belong 
 to Afia, being very near, and S S W front 
 the head land which lies between the ' 
 ftraits and the gulf of Anadir, in Afia. 
 They have their name in honor of that 
 able navigator, Capt. Clerk, the compan- 
 ion of Capt. Cook. In other maps they 
 are called St. Andrea Ifles. 
 
 Clermont^ a CO. in the ftate of Ohio. 
 
 Clermont^ a poft town in Columbia c©. 
 N. York, 6 miles from Red hook, 15 from 
 Hudfon, and 117 miles N of N. York. The 
 townfliip contains 1142 inhabitants. 
 
 Clcrmcnt, a village 1 3 miles from Cam- 
 den, S. Carolina. In the late war, here 
 was a block houfe encompaffed by an ab- 
 batis. It was taken from col. Rugely, of 
 the Brltifli militia, in Dec. 1 781, by an in- 
 genious ftratagem of lieut. col. Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Cleveland, a town in Trumbull co. ftate 
 of Ohio, fituated on lake Erie at the mouth 
 of Cuyahoga, on the E fide, 60 miles N W 
 Youngftown, and 125 N W Pittftjurgh 
 This town has been regularly laid out, and 
 will probably foon become a place of im- 
 portance, as the Cuyahoga willfurnifli the ' 
 eafieft communication between lake Erie 
 and the Ohio. With little expenfe a Hife 
 
 harbour 
 
GLl 
 
 CO^ 
 
 hftrbour may be formed .it this town, for 
 Veflcls and boats which trade on the lake. 
 The difficulty is a bar at the mouth of 
 the river, which varies frequently. In 
 the compacfl part of the town there were 
 in 1802, 10 or iz houfes ; and in the 
 whole town about 200 inhabitants. 
 
 Clie, Lake /-?, in U. Canada, about 38 
 miles long, and 30 broad ; its waters com- 
 municate with thofe of Lake Huron. 
 
 Clinch Mountain, divides the waters of 
 Holfton and Clinch rivers, in the ftate of 
 TcnefTee. In this mountain, Burk's Gar- 
 den, and Morris's Nob, might be defcrib- 
 cd as curiofities. 
 
 CUnchy or PeUfon, a branch of TenefTee 
 R. It riles in Virginia, navigable for boats 
 5O0 miles, and after it enters the ftate of 
 TenefTee, receives Powel's, and Poplar's 
 creek, and Emery's river, belide other 
 ftreams. The courfe of the Clinch is S 
 W and S W by W. Its mouth, 150 yards 
 wide, lies 2,5 miles below Knoxville, and 
 60 above the mouth of the Hiwaffee. 
 
 Clinton, the moft northern county of the 
 ftate of N. York, is bounded N by Cana- 
 da, E by the deepeft waters of lake Cham- 
 plam, which line feparaces it from Ver- 
 mont ; and S by the Great Sables river. 
 In this county, and Elfex, which was 
 formed from the S part of Clinton co. in 
 Feb. 1799, are 83 14 fouls. In 1790 there 
 were but 1614. A great proportion of 
 the lands in thefe counties are of an ex- 
 cellent quality, and produce abundance 
 of the various kinds of grain cultivated 
 in other parts of the ftate. The people 
 manufa(Slure earthen ware, pot and pearl 
 aflies, in large quantities, which they ex- 
 port to N. York or Qnebec. Their wool 
 IS excellent ; their beef and pork fecond 
 to none ; and the price of ftall fed beef in 
 Montreal, 60 miles from Platfburgh, is 
 fuch as to encourage the farmers to drive 
 their cattle to that market. Their forefts 
 fnpply them with fugar and molafles, and 
 the foil is well adapted to the culture of 
 hemp. The land carriage from iny part 
 of the country, in tranfporting their pro- 
 duce to N. York, does not exceed 1 8 miles. 
 The carrying place at Ticonderoga is i^- 
 miles ; and from Fort George, at the S end 
 of the lake of that name, to Fort Edward, 
 19 but 14 miles. The fmal! obftrndlions 
 after that are to be removed by the pro- 
 prietors of the northern canal. From this 
 country to Quebec, are annually fent large 
 rafts ; the rapids at St. John's and Cham- 
 blee, being the only interruptions in the 
 oavigation, and thoie not fo ^jreat, but that 
 
 at fome feafons, batteaux with 60 biiflieli 
 of fait can afcend them. Salt is fold here 
 at half a dollar a buflicl. Saranac, Sable, 
 and Bouquet rivers water Clinton co. 
 The iirft is remarkable for the quantity 
 of falmon it produces. 
 
 Clinton, a port town in Dutchefs co. N. 
 York, above Poughkeeplie. It is large 
 and thriving, and contains 5208 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Clinton, a town in the S E corner of 
 Chenengo co. N. York, on Sufquehanna 
 river and in the townfliip of Jericho. 
 
 Clinton, a town in Kennebeck co. Maine, 
 27 miles from Hallowell. See Hancock. 
 
 Clinton, parifli in the townfliip of Paris, 
 7 miles from Whiteftown, is a wealthv, 
 pleafant, flourifliing fettlement, contain- 
 ing feveral handfome houfes, a newly 
 ere<Sted Prefbyterian meeting houfe, a 
 convenient fchool houfe, and an academy 
 delightfully fituated. Between this fet- 
 tlement and the Indian fettlements at 
 Oneida, a diftanee of 12 miles, (in June^ 
 1796) was wlldernefs, without any inhab- 
 itants, excepting a few Indians of the old 
 Oneida village. 
 
 Clinton s Harbour, on the N W COaft of 
 N. America, has its entrance in N lat. 52 
 12, W Ion. 136. Capt. Gray named ic 
 after Gov. Clinton of N.York. 
 
 Clifinos, a fierce nation of Indians whoi 
 inhabit round Hadfon bay. See Neiv 
 Britain. 
 
 Clojler, a village in Bergen co. N. Jcrfey, 
 7 miles S E of Peramus, and i6 N of N. 
 York city. 
 
 Clyoquot, a found or bay on the N W 
 coaft of America, wefterley from Berkley's 
 Sound. See Hancock's Harbour. 
 
 Coatzacualeo, a navigable river of New 
 Spain, which empties into the gulf of 
 Mexico, near the country of Onohualco. 
 
 Cobcljhill, or Coh:!jkill, a town in Scho- 
 harie CO. N. York, on Cobus creek, con- 
 tains 1765 inhabitants. It was incorpo- 
 rated m T797. 
 
 Cobbeft;conte,h a fmall, crooVed river, in 
 Kennebeck co. Maine, the N branch of 
 wliich rifes from Cobbefecoute Ponds, 
 which lie chiefly in the town of Winthrop ; 
 the fouthern branch fprings from ponds 
 in and near Bowdoin and Bowdoinham ; 
 thefe branches unite in Pittftown, and 
 running E N E, fall Into the Kennebeck 
 near the divifional line between Pittftowa 
 and Hallowell. At the mouth of this river 
 are extenfivc flats, and a mile from its 
 mouth are falls on which mills are ereAed. 
 
 Cobc^uit, or CuhhcjlerR. m Nova Scotia, 
 
 rife* 
 
GO It 
 
 COH 
 
 •"ifes within 20 miles of Tatamogeuchc, 
 on the N E coaft of Nova Scotia ; from 
 thence it runs foutherly, then S W and 
 W into the E end of the Bafin of Pviinas. 
 At its mouth there is a fliort bank, but 
 there is a good channel on each lidc, 
 %'.'liich velTcls of 60 tons burden may pafs, 
 and go 40 miles up the river. There are 
 Ibme Icatiered fettleiuents on its banks. 
 
 CoLffey, in IVIainc. Sec PHtJlon. 
 
 Cok':z:t, or Cubija, an obl'cure port and 
 village in the audience of Los Ciiarcos, 
 in Peru, S. America. The place is inhab- 
 ited by about 50 Indian families, and is 
 the mod: barren fpot on the coaft. This 
 is, however, the nearcfl: port to Lipes, 
 where there ai'c filver mines, and alfo to 
 Potoli, which is yet above 100 leagues 
 diftant, and that through a defert counlry. 
 , Cobbam, a fmall town in Virginia, on the 
 S bank of James R. oppolite Jameftown, 
 8 or 9 miles S W of Williamfbarg. 
 
 Cohham IJle, mentioned by Capt. Mid- 
 clleton, in the journal of his voyage for 
 finding a N E palTage. Its two extremi- 
 ties bear N by E, and E by N, in N lat. 63, 
 E Ion. from Churchill, 3 40, which he 
 takes to be the Brook CaoLam of Fox. 
 
 Cobujkill. See CahclJhilL 
 
 Cocalico, a townfliip in I>ancafl:er co. 
 •Pennfylvania. It' has 3567 inhabitants. 
 
 Cocheco, a N W branch of Pifcataqua 
 R. in N. Hampfliire. It rifes in the Blue 
 Hills in Strafford co and its mouth is 5 
 miles above Hilton's, Point. See Fifcataqua. 
 
 Cochahamha^ a province and jurifdidlion 
 in Peru, 50 leagues from Plata, and 56 
 from Potoli, Its capital of the lame name 
 is one of the richeft, largeft, and mod 
 populous in Peru, as it is the granary of 
 the archbiflioprick of Plata ; and in fome 
 fpots illver mines have been difcovercd. 
 
 CochrauJ-jille, a poft town of Chefter co. 
 Penniylvania,i37 miles from Walhington. 
 
 Cockburnc^ a townfliip in the northern 
 pare of N. Hampfiiire, Grafton co. on the 
 E bank of Conncaicut R. S of Cole- 
 fa rooke. 
 
 Cocke, a co of Hamilton diftrtdl, Tcn- 
 efiec. With JctFcrfon co. it contains 901 7 
 inhabitants, 695 of whom are Haves. 
 
 Cochfahie, See Coxahie. 
 
 Cad. See Cape Cud^ Jdarafuihle Co. and 
 jProvincfto''jun. 
 
 CcJoiiSy a townlliip in York co. Penn- 
 fylvania. It has 1634 iiihaliitants. 
 
 Coeymans, a towndiip in Albany co, N. 
 York, I a miles below Albany. It con- 
 tains 3090 inhabitants. 
 
 £oljgiiaiva^u, a paridi in the tQwijiliip 
 
 V0£,. I. Q 
 
 of Johnfiown, Montgomery co. N. York 
 on the W lide of Mohawk R. 36 miles \V 
 of Schene(5lady. Tliis place, which had 
 been fettled nearly 80 years, and which, 
 was the ft at of Sir William Johnfon, was. 
 inoftly deftroyed by the Britifli and In- 
 dians, under the command of Sir Wiilian, 
 in the year 1780. In this aiilion, John- 
 fon evinced a want of feeling which would 
 have difgraccd a favage. The people 
 dertroyed in this expedition, were his old 
 neighbours, with v.hom he had formerly 
 lived in the habits of fiicndlliip. His 
 eftate was among them, and the inhabit- 
 ants had always coniidered him as their 
 friend and neighbour. Thefe unfortunate 
 people, after feeing their houfes and prop- 
 erty confumed to allies, were hurried, 
 fuch as could walk, into cruel captivity ; 
 thofe Avho could not walk, fell vicflims to 
 the tomahawk and fcalping knife. See 
 Caghnatuaga. 
 
 Cohan:zy, or Cafaria, a fmall river which 
 rifes in Salem co. N. Jerfey,and running 
 through Cumberland co empties into 
 Dela.vvare R. oppolite the upper end of 
 Bombay Hook. It is about 30 miles in 
 length, and is navigable for velfcls of 100 
 tons to Bridgetown, 20 miles from its 
 mouth. 
 
 Cohajfd, a pofl: town In Norfolk co. 
 MaiTachufetts, which was Incoiporated 
 in 1770, and contains 849 inhabitants. 
 It has a congregational church, and 126 
 houfes, fcattertd on ditFcrent farms. Co- 
 haiTet rocks, which have been fo fatal to 
 many vefTels, lie oiF this town, about a 
 league from the fliore. The inhabitants 
 are honoured for their remarkable kird- 
 npfs to ilnpwrccked feamen. It lies 25 
 miles S E of Bofton ; but in a Itraight 
 line not above half the diftance. 
 
 Co/jwz, or the FAh in Mohawk R. be- 
 tween 2 and 3 miles fiom its mouth, and 
 10 miles northward of Albany, are a very 
 great natural curiofity. The river above 
 the falls, is about 300 yards wide, and 
 approacljesthem from tlie N W in a rapid 
 current, between high banks on each fide, 
 and pours the whole body of its water 
 over a perpendicular rock of about 43 
 (fome fay more) feet in height, which 
 extends, quite acrofs the ri^ cr, like a mill 
 dam. The banks of the river, immedi- 
 ately below rlic falls, are about roo feet 
 high. A'bridg,e iioo feet long, and 24. 
 feet wide, rtfting on 13 piers, was erected 
 at tlie expcnfe of 12,000 dollars, in 1794, 
 a mile below the falls, from which a fpec-\ 
 rator may have a grand vie\v of thein : 
 
 bui 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 ^ut they appear moft roTnant'caHy from 
 Lanfinburgh hiil, 5 miles E of them. 
 
 Cohonaoronto, is the name of Potowmack 
 R. before it breaks tliroO^li tlie Blue 
 Ridge, in N lat. 39 45. Its whnle length 
 to theT3lue Riclge,may be about 160 miles; 
 from thence it aflumes the name of Po- 
 i'vxvmjci, v.'hich Ccc. 
 
 Cobuixcas, a country in New Spain, in 
 which there h a conficlcrable motintain 
 of loadfbone, between Tcoilcylan and Chi- 
 lapnn. 
 
 Cohtfaury College^ \n the town of Abfng- 
 ton, in Hartford co. Maryland. 
 
 C'jLtr.^ a fmrill Indian town, fituatcd near 
 ♦he South Sea, 3 or .s leagues to the north- 
 ward of Payta, inhahited by fifliermen. 
 Here they make large rafts of log-*, which 
 will carry 60 or 70 tong of goods^; with 
 thefe they make long voyages, even to 
 Panama, 5 or 600 leagues diftant. They 
 have a maft with a fail faftcned to it. 
 They always go l^eforc the wind, being 
 wnablc to ply againfl it; and therefore 
 only fit for thefe feas, where the wind is 
 always in a manner the fame, not varying 
 above a point or two all the way from. 
 Lima, til! they come into the bay of Pan- 
 ama ; and there they mufl: fometimes wait 
 for a change. Their cargo is uftally 
 wine, oil, fugar, Quito cloth, foap, and' 
 dreffed goat fkins. The float is ufaally 
 navigated by 3 or 4 men, who fell their 
 float where they dilpofc of their cargo ; 
 and return as paffengcrs to thsport they 
 camc from. The Indians go out at night 
 by the help of the land wind, with fitl^ing 
 boats, more nianageabte than the others, 
 though thefe have inafts and fails too, and 
 return again in the day time with the fea 
 wind. 
 
 Cokhfjifr^ a town fill p in Delaware co. 
 N. York, on the Popn^hton branch of 
 I])ela^vare river, S Wof Middletown ; and 
 about 50 miles S W by S of Cooperftovvn. 
 It contains 1207 inhabitant'. 
 
 Cr>Ichrf'7\ a nofl town in New London 
 CO. Connedlicut, fettled in 1 701 ; about 
 15 miles weftward of Norwich, 25 SE of 
 Hartford, and 10 N W of New London 
 city. 
 
 Coktjrjhr, the chief town in Chittenden 
 CO, Vermont, is on the E bank of lake 
 Champlain, at the mouth of Onion river, 
 and N of Burlington, on Colchcfter bay, 
 which fpreads N of the town. 
 
 Co'ihf/}er, a port town in Fairfax ro. Vir- 
 ginia, fituated on the N E bank of Ocqno- 
 quam creek, 3 or 4 miles from its conflu- 
 ence with the Potowmack; and is here 
 
 about ICO yards wide, and navigable fo? 
 ■■'oats. It contains abo t 40 houfes, and 
 lies 16 miles S W of Alexandria, 106 N 
 l^y E of Richmond, and 17Z from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Colchcjler Toivufiip, in the CO. of EiTex, 
 U. Canada, is fituated upon lake Erie, and 
 lies between Maiden and Gosfield. 
 
 CoLheJicr R, Nova Scotia. See Coheqmt. 
 
 CnlJ Brook, a fmall flream about lo miles 
 long, which rifes in a pond of looo acres,, 
 and falls into PafTadunkeag, in townlhip 
 No. I, about 2 miles before its confluence 
 with Penobfcot, on the E fide. 
 
 Cold Sprinrr, in the ifland of Jamaica, is 
 a villa, 6 miles from the highlands of Li- 
 guania. The grounds aie in a high ftate 
 of improvement. Cold Spring is 42CO 
 feet above the level of the fea; and few 
 or none of the tropical fruits will flourifli 
 in fo' cold a climate^ The general ftatc 
 of the thermometer is from 55 to 65 ; and 
 even fometimes fo lovv^ as 44 , fo that a 
 fire there, even- at noon day, is not only 
 comfortable, but neceflary a great part of 
 the year. Many of the Englifh fruits, as 
 the apple, the peach, and the flrawberry, 
 flourifli there in great p<'rfe6lion, with 
 feveral other valuable exotics, as the tea 
 tree and other oriental, protb.)6>ions. 
 
 Gold Sfnincr Coi'e, near Burlington, N. 
 Jerfey, is remarkable for its fand and clay, 
 ufcd in the manufafture of glafs ; from 
 whence the glafs works a^ Flamilton, 10. 
 miles W of Albany, are fupplied with 
 thefe articles. 
 
 Colcorooh, in the northern part of N.. 
 Hampiliire, in Grafton co. lies on the E 
 bank of ConnciEVicut R. oppofite the Great 
 Monadnock.in Canaan, ftate of Vermont ; 
 joining Cockburne on the font hward, and 
 Stnartflown on the northward ; 126 miles. 
 N W bv N from Portfmouth. 
 
 Colehrookc, a rough, hil'y townfliip, on 
 the N line of Connedti'-ut, in Litchfield 
 CO. 30 miles N W of Hartford city, ft 
 was fettled in 1756. Here arc Z iron 
 works and feveral mil's, on Still R. a N 
 W v.-ater of Farmington R In digging a 
 cellar in this town, at the clofe of the 
 year 1796, belonging to Mr John Hul- 
 burt, the workmen, at the depth of about 
 9 or TO feet, found three large tufks and 
 two thigh bones of an animal, the latter 
 of which meafured each about 4 feet 4 
 inches in length, and 12^- inches in cir- 
 cumference. When firft difcm'ered th(y 
 werr entire, but as foon as they were cx- 
 pofed to the air they mouldered to dufl. 
 j his add? anorher to the many f*6ls, 
 
 which. 
 
COL 
 
 C:oL 
 
 which prove that a race of enormous 
 animals, now extin(£t, once inhabited the 
 United States. 
 
 Cole 
 
 a townfhip in Lancafter co. 
 
 Penniyivania. It has 77a inhabitants. 
 
 ColJrain, a poft town, Bcitit co N.Car- 
 olina, 170 miles from VVailungton. 
 
 Colcrai/j, a town on tiie N bank of 5t. 
 Mary's R. Camden co. Georgia, 40 or 50 
 miles from its mouth. On the 29th of 
 June, 1796, a treaty of peace and frlend- 
 il;ip was made ^nd concluded at this 
 place, between tiie PrtfidLnt of the United 
 States, on the one part, in behalf of the 
 United States, and the king's chiefs and 
 warriors of the Creek nation of Indians, 
 on the other. By this treaty, the line 
 between the white people and the hidians, 
 was elbbliflicd to run " from the Carra- 
 hee mountain to the head or iource of the 
 main S branch of the Oconee R. called 
 by the white people, Appalatohee, and by 
 the Indians, Tuiapoeka, and down the 
 xniddle of the fame." Liberty was alfo 
 ;given by the Indians to the Prefident of 
 the United States, to " eftablilli a trading 
 or military poft on the S fide of Alatama- 
 ha, nbout l mile above Beard's bluff, or 
 any where from thence down the river, 
 on the lands of the hsdians ;" and the hi- 
 diins agreed to *' annex to laid poft a trad: 
 of land of J miles fquare ;" and in return 
 tor this, and other tokens of friendlhip on 
 the part of the Indians, the United States 
 flipuiated to give them goods to the value 
 of 6000 dollars, and to furniilx them with 
 two blackfmiths with tools, 
 
 CJcfvilL', a poft town of Dinwiddic co. 
 Virginia, 15a miles from Wailiington. 
 
 Cola Creci, a fmall ftream in JetTcrfon 
 CO. MilTifippi Territory. 
 
 Ci///7/;a7,a large and rich town of Mccho- 
 acan and New Spain, on the South Sea, 
 near the Ixirders of Xalifca, and in the 
 moft pleafaiit and fruitful valley in all 
 Mexico, producing cocoa, calTia, and other 
 things of value, befide foinc gold. Dam- 
 pier takes notice of a volcano near it, 
 with two lliarp peaks, from which fmoke 
 and flame iilue continually. The famous 
 plant oleacazan grows in the neighbour- 
 hood, which is reckoned a cathohcon for 
 reftoring decayed ftrengtli, and a fpecilic 
 againll: all forts of polfon. The natives 
 apply the leaves to the parts affeClcd, and 
 judge of the fuccefs of the operation by 
 their fticking or falling off. 
 
 Collctorty a uiftrivSl of S. Carolina, contain- 
 ing 24,903 inhabitants, of whom 20,471 
 arc flares. Jackfoaburf^li is the capital. 
 
 IJ Colrsias, a town in Hampflaire co. Wat- 
 
 ij fachufetts, 32 miles N W of Northampton^ 
 
 ' on the Vermont line, has 2014 inhabitants. 
 
 Co!u}nLia, a poft town in Washington co. 
 
 I Maine, on Pleafant R. adjoining Machias 
 
 1; on the N K, and was formerly called Plan 
 
 il tations No. 12 and 13. !t was incorpo- 
 
 rated in 1796. The town of Machias lies 
 
 -15 miles to the eaftward. It is 9 miles 
 
 from Steuben. It has ^^^ inliabitants. 
 
 Columbia Co. in N. York, is bounded N 
 by Renffelaer, S by Dutchefs, E by the 
 ftate of Maffachufctts, and W by Hudfoii 
 R, which divides it horn Green co. It 
 is 32 miles in length, and 21 in breadth, 
 and is divided into 8 towns ; of which 
 Hudfon, Claverack, and Kinderhook are 
 the chief. It contains ,73,322 inhabitants, 
 of whom 1471 are flavcs. 
 
 Columbia College. See A'v*; Tori city. 
 Columbia., Territcr's of^ contains 8 1 44 in* 
 habitants, 6072 of whom are flavcs. Sec 
 If^ajhingtonf City of. 
 i| ColuK'ibia, a poft town, the capital of 
 { Richland co. and the feat of government 
 ;| of S, Carolina. It is fituatcd on the E fide 
 \\ of the Congaree, juft below the conflucjncc 
 I of Saluda and Broad rivers. The ftrcets 
 '] are regular, and the town contains 80 or 
 1! 100 houfes. The public oftlces have, in 
 j fome mcalure, been divided, for the ac- 
 •\ eommodatiou of the inhabitants of the 
 ;j lower counties, and a branch of each re- 
 il tained in Charlefton. The South Caro- 
 ' lina College is cftabliflied in this town, 
 i and was incorporated in i8cX. The 
 buildings are in forwardnefji. The funi 
 of 50,000 dollars was appropriated nithc 
 act of incorporation for the erecflion of 
 the neceffary edifices, and an annual fum 
 of 6000 dollars for the fupport of the fac- 
 ulty of the college. Further donations 
 have been made by the kgiflature of the 
 ftate. It lies r 15 miles N N W of Charlef- 
 ton, 35 S W of Camden. 85 from Augufta, 
 in Georgia, and 678 S W of Philadelphia. 
 N lat. 34 I, W Ion. 80 5 7. 
 
 Columbia, a flourifning poft towfl la 
 Goochland co. Virginia, on the N fide of 
 James river, at the mouth of the Rivanna. 
 It contains about 40 lioufes, and a vvare- 
 houfe for the infpedion of tobacco. It 
 lies 45 miles above Richmond, 35 from 
 Chariottefviile, and 328 S W of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Columbia, a poft town in Lancafter c». 
 Pcnnfy!vaaia,on the N E bank of Sufquc- 
 hanna river, at Wrii^ht';; ferry ; 10 milei* 
 W of Lancafter, and 76 W by N of Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
 Calunbitf 
 
CON 
 
 GON 
 
 Cohimhia Co. in the upper didrlct of 
 Georgia, is bounded by Savannah R. on 
 the 'N E and E, which feparates it from 
 the ftate of S. Carolina, N W of Richmond 
 CO. Its fliape is very irregular. It is 
 watered by Great Kioka creek and fev- 
 eral other flreams. It is divided into ii 
 towns, and contains 8345 inhabitanls, of 
 whom 3008 are flaves. At the court 
 houfc is a pofl: office. 
 
 Columbia, a large river of tlie N W coafl 
 of N. America. It enters the Pacific 
 ocean lat. 46 18 N, Ion. 236 34 W. It is 
 Iialf a mile wide 22 miles from its mouth. 
 It has been afcended in boats more than 
 80 miles. . Vancoiiiicr. 
 
 Cohimb'ui, a town in the fhite of Ohif>, 
 on the N bank of Ohio R. and on the W 
 iue of the mouth of Little Miami R. about 
 o miles S E by E of Fort Wafliington, 8 E 
 by S of Cincinnati, and 87 N by Vv^ of 
 I^exlngton, in Kentucky. N lat. 39 ao. 
 
 Columbiana. ?i CO. in the flatc of Ohio. 
 
 Comanay a town and province in the 
 northern divifion of Terra Firma, S. A- 
 jnerica. It lies on the N eaflernmoll: part 
 of the fca coafl. 
 
 Comargo, a town of New Leon, in N. 
 America, fituatcd on the S fide of Rio 
 Bravo, which empties into the gulf of 
 Mexico on the W fide. 
 
 Comhahee, a confiderable river of S. Car- 
 olina, which enters St. Helena found be- 
 tween Coofa and Afliepoo rivers. 
 
 Combahee Ferry, on the above river, is 
 17 miles from Jackfonfborough, 15 from 
 I'ocotaligo, and 5a from Charleflon. 
 
 Comfort, Point, is the S eafternmon: part 
 of Elizabeth city co. in Virginia, formed 
 by James R. at its mouth, in Chefapeak 
 bay. Point Comfort lies 19 miles W by 
 K of Cape Henry. 
 
 CommfHiors, one of the fmail Virgin iHes 
 in the W. Indies, fituated to the N N E of 
 Tortula. N lat. 18 25, W Ion. 63. 
 
 Co}?:pcJ}clla, a very rich town in New 
 Spain, and province of Xalifco, built in 
 1531, fituatcd near the South Sea, 400 
 miles N W of Mexico. The foil is iiar- 
 rcn and the air unhealthful ; but it has 
 fcveral mines of (liver at St. Pecaqne, in 
 its neighbourhood. N lat. ai 20, W Ion. 
 100 42. See Culi.i'an. 
 
 Corrptofiy' a flourilning townfliip in L. 
 Canada, on a fouthtrn branch of the river 
 St. Francis, S of Afoot, adjoipin<;, and has 
 390 inliabitants, chiefly from N. En'dand. 
 
 Conajobayy, a pod town, on tl'.e S fidf o! 
 Mohawk river, N. York, 36 miles above 
 ScheuctStady. See Cattnjohary. 
 
 ConatuangB, a northern branch of AIfe«i>« 
 ghany river, in Pennfylvania, which rifes 
 from Chataughque lake. 
 
 Conception, a large bay on the E fide of 
 Newfovuidland I. whofc entrance is be- 
 tween Cape St. Francis on the fouthward, 
 r.nd Flamborough head on the northward, 
 ^t runs a great way into the land in a 
 fouthern direcStion, having numerous bays 
 on the W fide, on which are two fettle - 
 ments, Carboniere and Havre de Grace. 
 Settlements were made here in 1610, by 
 about 40 planters, under governor John 
 Guy, to whom king James had granted a 
 patent of incorporation. 
 
 ConCiption of Salaya, a fmall town of N. 
 America, in the province of Mcchoacan, 
 in Mexico or New Spain, was built by the 
 Spaniards, as well as the ftations of St. 
 Michael and St. Philip, to fccure the road 
 from Mechoacan to the filver mines of 
 Zacatcca. They have alio given this 
 name to feveral boroughs of America ; as 
 to that in Hifpaniola iiland, and to a fea 
 pore of California, &c. 
 
 Conception, by the Indians called Pcmo^ 
 a city in Chili, S. America, fituated on the 
 edge of the fea, at the mouth of a river, 
 and at the bottom of a bay of its own 
 name. It lies in about 37 S lat. It was 
 fcveral times dcftroyed by the powerful 
 confederacy of the Indians, and as often 
 repaired. In 1751 it was deftroyed by 
 an earthquake, and has not, fincc that, 
 been rtbaiit. It is Avithin the audience 
 and iurifdivElion of St. J.::^go, and is gov- 
 erned by a correffidore. The Spanifli 
 inhabitants here, are the moft warlike and 
 hardy of any in S. America ; they are all 
 trained to arms from their childhood, to 
 be ready to refift the attack of the Chilefe 
 Indians, whom they have reafon to con- 
 fider a formidable enemy. The inhab- 
 itants, and even the women, excel in 
 horfemaiifnip ; they are very dexterous 
 in managing the lance or noofe ,• and it 
 is very rare to fee them mifs their aim, 
 tliough at full fpeed, with the noofe, which 
 they throw 40 or 50 yards, and fo halter 
 the objecl of their divcrfion or revenge. 
 This noofe is mwde of thongs of cow hide ; 
 thefe they twifl: with oil, till rendered 
 fupple and pliant to command ; and fo 
 ftrong that, when twiflcd, they will, it is 
 faid, hold a wild bnn,whicli would break 
 a halter of hemp of twice the thickncfs. 
 The foil here is fruitful, abounding 
 with corn and excellent wine. The fruit; 
 trees bear fo luxuriently here, thqt they 
 ".re forced to thin V.\z fruit, etherwifc the 
 brand) fsi 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 branches would break, nor could the fruit 
 come to maturity. This city has a church 
 and fix very famous monafteries ; but the 
 dwelling houfes make no great appear- 
 ance. Here the women go out in the 
 night to the ihops, to buy iuch neceffaries 
 «5 they want for their families, it being 
 contrary to the cuftom of this country for 
 women of any character, to go abroad in 
 tlie day time on fuch afhiirs. It is an open 
 town ; and the few batteries it has, are 
 kept in very indifferent order. 
 
 Conchiicos,?. jurifdidticn in Peru. S. Am.eri- 
 ca, under the archbilhop of Lima; it begins 
 40 leagues N N E of the metropolis, and 
 runs along the center of the Cordillera. 
 It produces fruits, grain, &c. and anords 
 cxtenfive pafture for cattle of all kinds. 
 Several branches of the woollen manufac- 
 tory are carried on here, which conftitute 
 its greatefl commerce with the other prov- 
 inces. 
 
 Concord, formerly Gunthivait, a tov/nfhlp 
 «f Grafton co. N. Hampfhire, on Amon- 
 oofuck river, incorporated 1768. It has 
 663 inhabitants. 
 
 Concord, a poft town of N. Hampfhire, 
 flourifliing, and pleafantly fuuated on the 
 W bank of Merrimack river, in Rocking- 
 ham CO. 8 miles above Hookfet falls. The 
 legiflature, of late, have commonly hekl 
 their feffions here ; and from its central 
 fituation, and a thriving back country, it 
 will probably become the permanent feat 
 of government. Much of the trade of 
 tlie upper country centers here. A hand- 
 fome toll liridge acrofs the Merrimack, 
 connects this town with Pembroke. It has 
 205 a inhabitants, and v/as incorporated 
 in 1765. The Indian name was Penacook. 
 It was granted by Maffachufetts, and call- 
 ed Rumford. The compadl part of the 
 town contains about 1 70 houfes, a congre- 
 gational church, and an academy, which 
 ■w-as incorporated in 1790. It is 5 f miles 
 W N W of Portimouth, 58 S E of Darth- 
 Hiouth college, and 70 northward from 
 Bofton. N lat. 43 i2,Wlon. 71 29. 
 
 Concord, in EiTex co. Vermont, lies on 
 ConnecTticnt river, oppofite a part of the 
 15 mile falls. 
 
 Concord, in Maffachufetts, a pofl: town, 
 one of the moft conliderable towns in 
 Middlefex co. fituated on Concord river, 
 in a healthy and pleafant fpot, nearly in 
 tlie center of the county, and 18 miles N 
 W of Eofton, and 1 7 E of Lancafter. Its 
 Itidian name was Mufquetequid ; and it 
 owes its prefent name to the peaceable 
 manner in which it was obtaiii©d fron:^ the 
 
 natives. The firft fettlers, among whom 
 were the Rev. MeHrs. Buckley and Jones-, 
 having fettled the purchafe, obtained aa 
 act of incorporation, Sept. 3, 1635 ; and 
 this was the moft diftant fettlement from 
 the fea fliore of New England at that time. 
 The fettlers never had any conteft with 
 the Indians ; and only three perfons were 
 ever killed by them within the limits of 
 the town The inhabitants are 1679 in 
 "number. For 13 years previous to 1791, 
 the average number of deaths was 17; 
 one in four of whom were 70 years old 
 and upwards. The public buildings are, 
 a Congregational church, a fpacious ftone 
 gaol, and a handfome county court houiis. 
 The town isaccommodatedwiththrcecon- 
 venient bridges over the river ; one of 
 which is 208 feet long, and 18 feet wide, 
 fupported by 12 piers, built after the man- 
 ner of Charles river bridge. This town 
 is famous in the hiftory of the revolution, 
 having been the feat of the provincial 
 congrefs in 1774, and the fpot where the 
 firft oppofition was made to tlie Britllli 
 j troops, on the memorable 19th of April, 
 1775. The general court have frequent- 
 ly held their feffions here when contagious 
 difeafes have prevailed in the capital. N 
 lat. 42 25. 
 
 Concord, a fmall river of Maffachufetts, 
 formed of two branches, which unite near 
 the center of the town of Concord, 
 whence it takes its courfe in N E and N 
 direction through Bedford and Eillerics, 
 and empties itfelf into Merrimack R. at 
 Tewkfbury. Concord R. is remarkable 
 for the gentlenefs of its current, which is 
 fcarcely perceivable by the eye. At low 
 water mark it is from 100 to 200 feet wide, 
 and from 3 to 12 feet deep. During 
 floods. Concord R. is near a mile ia 
 breadth ; and v/hen viewed from the 
 town of Concord, makes a fine appear- 
 ance. The Middlefex canal is fupplied 
 with water from this river. 
 
 Concord, a poft tovm of Su/Tex co. Del- 
 aware, 159 miles from Walhington. 
 
 Concord, a townfliip in Delaware co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 920 inhabitants. 
 
 Concord, a fettlement in the MiflifippI 
 Territory, on the E bank of the MiiTif'.ppi, 
 about a m.ile from the S line of Tcnellcc, 
 108 miles N from the mouth of Yazoo R. 
 and 218 below the Ohio. N lat. .33 ^^$i 
 W Ion. 91 25. 
 
 Condf, Fort, or Mohile city, is fitiir.tcd oa 
 the W fide of Mobile bay, in W Florida, 
 aliout 40 miles above its mouth in the gulf 
 of Mexico. N lat. 50 42, V/ Ion. 87 57. 
 
 Cor.dcccdot 
 
COK 
 
 CON 
 
 . ^ondecedo, a cap6 or promontory of N. 
 America, in the province ot Yucatan, lOO 
 3niles W of JMerida. N lat. 20 50, W loa. 
 
 Cmd^fuvoi de Argquipa, a jurifdlAlon 
 tmder the bifliop of Arequipa. 30 leagues 
 K of that city, ia Peru. Here is cuiivated 
 the wild cochineal ; the Indians carry on 
 a great trade with this article ; tli^y 
 grind it, and mix four ounces of it with 
 I / ounces of violetmaize, of which they 
 form cakes of 4 ounces each, and fell it 
 ibi a dollar a pouad. 'I'hefe cakes they 
 call magnos. Tliis place abounds alfo 
 with gold and filver mines, which are not 
 fo carefuUy worked as formerly. 
 
 C,>/<;y/^6't^-,a fettlement in Maine .Hancock 
 CO. containing, in ijvo, 567 inhabitants. 
 
 Conegocheague Ceciy riles near Mercerf- 
 burg, Franklin co. Pcnnfylvania, runs 
 ibutheriy in a winding courfe, and after 
 fupplying a number of mills, empties into 
 the Poto\vmack;at William port,in Waih- 
 ington CO. Maryland ; 19 miles S E of 
 Hancock, and 8 miles S of the Pennfylva- 
 jiia line. 
 
 Conemaug/j River, and Little Conemaugh, 
 are the head waters of Ililkenianitas, in 
 Pennfylvania : after palnng through Lau- 
 rel hill and Cliefnut ridge, Conemaugh 
 takes that name and empti-es into the Al- 
 leghany, 29 miles N E of Pittfburg. It is 
 navigable for boats, and there is a portage 
 of 1 8 miles between it and the Frankftown 
 bra ich of Juniata river. 
 
 Condnies^ Las, a city of La Plata or Par- 
 aguay, in S. America, in the dioccfe of 
 Buenos Ayres. 
 
 ConpJ}eo, a N weflern branch of Tioga R. 
 in N. York. See Canlcodeo Creek, 
 
 Conejicjga, a townfliip in Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 1271 Inhabitants. 
 
 Con'eftis^ a fmall kke in the GenefTee 
 country, N. Y(>rk, which fends its waters 
 N W to Genefi'ee river. 
 
 Cougar ee, a confidcrablc river of S. Caro- 
 b'na, formed by the confluence of Saluda 
 and Broad rivers. The union of the wa- 
 ters of Congare and Wateree, form the 
 Santee. 
 
 Co/ihocloit Creel:, in N. York, is the north- 
 ern head water of Tioga R^ Near its 
 mouth is the town of Bath. 
 
 Connecllcui, one of the United States of 
 N. America called by the ancient natives 
 (2'nainihllcut, it. filuatcd between 4 1 and 42 
 2 N iat. and between 71 20 and 73 15 W 
 Ion. Its grealeft breadth is 72 miles, its 
 length 100 r.ailes ; bounded N by iMaffa- 
 •hufcits ; L by Uhodc I. S bv the found 
 
 which divides it from Long I. and W "by 
 the flate of N. Yoi-k. This ftate contains 
 about 4674fquare miles ; equal to about 
 2,640,000 acres. It is divided into 8 coun- 
 ties, v:z. Fairf.cld, New Haven, Middle- 
 fci and N. London, which extend along 
 the found from \V to E. Litchfield, Hart- 
 ford, Tolland, and Windham, extciid in 
 the fame direction on the border of the 
 Hate; of Maflachufetts. The counties are 
 divided and fubdivided into townfliips 
 and pariilies ; in each of which is one or 
 more places of public worili p, and 
 fchool houfes at convenient diftances. 
 The number of town (hips is about loc. 
 Each townfliip is a corporation inverted 
 I with poweri fuiSF.cient for their own in" 
 I ternal regulation. The number of repre- 
 i I'entatives isibmetimes i8o;butmore com- 
 I monly about 160; a number fully adequate 
 j to legiflate for a wife and virtuous people, 
 j well informed and jealous of their rights ; 
 ; and whofe external circumftanc^s approach 
 j nearer to equality than thofe, perhaps, of 
 I aiiy other peop.e in a flate of civilization, 
 I in the world. The principal rivers in 
 j this flate are, Connedlicut, Houfatonick, 
 j the Thames, and their branches, v/hich, 
 ', with fuch others as are worthy of notice^- 
 j will be defcnbed under their refpedlive 
 names. The whole of the fca coafl is in- 
 dented with harbours, many of which arc 
 fafe and commodious ; thofe of N. London 
 and N. Haven are the mofl important. 
 This flate fends 7 reprefcntatives to Con- 
 grefs. ConnccSbicut, chough fubjecSl to the 
 extremes of heat and cold, in their feafons, 
 and to frequent fudden changes, is very 
 healthful. It is generally broken land, 
 made up of mountains of moderate height, 
 hills ana vallies ; and is exceedingly well 
 watered. Some fmall parts of it are thin 
 and barren. Its principal produdlicns are 
 Indian corn, rye, v/heat in many parts of 
 the flate, oats, and barley , which are hea- 
 vy and good, and of late, buck wheat ; flax 
 in large quantities ; fome hemp, potatoes 
 of fe'v'cral kinas, pumpkins, turnips, peas, 
 beaas, &.c. &:c. Fruits of all kinds which 
 are common to the climate. The foil is 
 very well calculated for paflurage and 
 mowing, which enables the farmers to feed 
 large numbers of neat cattle and horie*. 
 Tiie trade of Connedlicut is principally 
 with the W India iflands, and is carried 
 on in veiTeli from 60 to 140 tons. The 
 exports confiilof horfes, mules, oxen, oak 
 flaves, hoops, pine boards, oak planko, 
 beans, Indian corn, fifli, beef, pork, &c. 
 Hsrfc3, live cattle, and •lumber; are per- 
 mitted 
 
CON 
 
 COi^" 
 
 inltted In the "Dutch, Daniilh, and French 
 ports. A large nmiibcr of coafting vefiels 
 are employed in carrying the produce of 
 the ftate to other ftates. To Rhode I. 
 JJaffachufetts and N. Hampfhire, they 
 carry pork, wheat, corn and rye. To N. 
 iind S. Carolina,andGeorgia,hutter,checfe, 
 falted beef, cyder, apples, potatoes, hay, 
 &c. and receive in return, rice indigo and 
 raoney. Bat as N. York is nearer, and the 
 ftate of the markets always well known, 
 much of the produce of ConnccBricur, ef- 
 pecially of the weftern parts, is carriad 
 there; particularly pet and pearl afb 25, 
 flaxfeed, beef, pork, cheefe and butter, in 
 large quantities. Mofl of the- produce of 
 Connecfticait river from the parts of Alaf- 
 fachufetts, N. Hampfliire and Vermont, as 
 well as of Connedlicut, which are adjacent, 
 goes to the fame market. Confiderable 
 quantities of the produce of the eaftern 
 parts of the flare, are marketed at Boflon, 
 Providence, and Norwich. The value of 
 the whole exported produce and commod- 
 ities from this (late, before the year 1774, 
 ■was then el^imated at about ;(^:ioo,coo 
 lawful money, annually. In the year end- 
 ing Sept 30, I70i,the amount of foreign 
 exports was 710,340 dollars, befide articles 
 carried to different parts of the U. S. to 
 a great amount. In the year I792,749,9'25 
 dolls, in the year 1793, 770,239 dolls, in 
 the year 1794, 806,746 dolls, and in the 
 Tear 1801, 1,606,809 doUsi This ftate 
 owns and employs in the foreign and 
 coafdng trade, 31,867 tons of fliipping. 
 The farmers in Connedticut, and their 
 families, are moftly clothed in plain, de- 
 cent, homefpun- cloth. Their linens and 
 woollens, are manufa6tured in the family 
 way ; and although they are generally of 
 a coarfer kind', they are of a ftronger tex- 
 ti.ire and much more durable than thofc 
 imported" from France and Great T^ritain. 
 IVfany of their cloths are fine and hand- 
 fome; Here are large orchards of *nul- 
 berry trcx's ; and fdk worms have been 
 reared fo fiiccersfully, as to promife, not 
 nnly a fupply of filk to the inhabitants, 
 br.t a furpluffage for exportation. In N. 
 Haven are linen and button maniifacSlo- 
 rics. In Hartford, a woollen m.anufaclo- 
 ry has been cilabliflied ; likcwife glals 
 -e';t)rk8, a fn uiF and powder mill, iron 
 works, and a Hitting mill. Iron v/^orks are 
 eibbllflied alfo at SalinDury, Norwich, and 
 other parts of the ftate. ' At StafTord is 
 a furnace at which are made large quan- 
 tities of hollow ware, and other ironmon- 
 gery, fufilcie-ntto fiipply the whoie ftate. 
 
 Paper is ffianufaclured at Norvcich, Karlji 
 ford, N. Haven, and in Litchfield county. 
 Ironmongery, hats, candles, leather, l>.ce* 
 and boots, are manufaiftured in this ftate. 
 A duck manufadlory has been eftabliOicd 
 at Stratford. The ftate of Connecilicut i& 
 laid out in fmall farms, from jo to 300 and 
 400 acres each, which are held by the 
 farm.ers in fee fimpje ; and are generallr 
 well cultivated. The ftate is chequered 
 with innumerable roads or highway croiT- 
 ing: each other in every diredlion A 
 traveller in any of thefo roads, even in 
 the moft unfettled parts of the ftate, will 
 fcldom pafs mors than half a m.ile or a 
 mile without finding a houfe, and a farm 
 under fuch improvements, as to afford the 
 necelTaries for the fupport of a family. 
 The whole ftate refembles a well culti- 
 vated garden, which, with that degree of 
 induftry that is neceffary to happinef>, 
 produces the neceftaries and convenience* 
 of life in great plenty. The inhabitants 
 are almoft entirely of Englifli defccnt. 
 There are no Dutch, French, or Germans, 
 and very few Scotch or Iridi people, in 
 any part of the ftate. The original flock 
 from which have fprung a'l the prefenr. 
 inhabitants of ConnecShicut, and the nu-- 
 j merous emigrants from the ftate, to every 
 part of the U. States, conufted of 3 coo 
 fouls, who fettled in the towns of Hart- 
 ford, N. Haven, Wlndfor, Guilford, Mil- 
 ford and WeathersfieJd, about the year* 
 1635 and 1636. In 1756, the population 
 of the ftate amounted to 130,611 fouls; m 
 1774, to 197,856 ; in 1782, to 202,077 
 whites, and 6273 Indians and negroes ; in 
 1790, to 237,946 perfons, of whom 2764 
 were flaves : in 1800, to 251,002, ^^z 
 being flaves. The people of Connedlicut 
 are remarkably fond of having all their- 
 difputes, even thofe of the moft trivial 
 kind, fettled according to law. The prev- 
 alence of this litigious fpirit, aubrds em- 
 ployment and fupport ior a numerous- 
 body of lawyers. I'hat party fpirit, bow-- 
 ever, which is the bane of political happi- 
 nefs, has not raged with fuch violence in 
 this ftate, as in Mafiachufetts and Rhode I. 
 Public proceedings have been conducted 
 generally with much caimnefs and candor. 
 The people are well informed as to their 
 rights, and ;udic:ous in fecuring them. Po- 
 litical tranquillity and unanimity follow. 
 All religions, that are confiftcnt with the 
 peace of fociety, arc tolerated in Connec- 
 ticut ; liberality and catholicifm prevail* 
 There arc very few rt ligious feels in this 
 ftate. The bulk of the people arc Con- 
 gi-cgatlcnalilU. 
 
eo!^ 
 
 CON 
 
 g^egationalifls. Befido thefe, there arc 
 Epifcopalians and Baptifts. The clei'gy" of 
 this ftate are a refpedlable body of learn- 
 ed and fericus men, enjoying a happy and 
 ufefiil Tnare of influence among their peo- 
 ple, efpecialiy of late, fmce the revivals of 
 religion through a great part of the ftate. 
 The damage fuftained by this ftats in the 
 late war, was eftimcited at ^^461,^35-16-1. 
 To compenfate the fufFerers, the General 
 CourL,in May 179 a, granted them 500,000 
 acres of the v.'-eftern part of the refervcd 
 lands of ConnetTticut^wluch lie \V of Penn- 
 fvlvania. There are a great number of 
 very pleafant tov/ns, both maritime and 
 inland, in ConnecSlicut. It contains five 
 cities, incorporated with extenfive jurii- 
 di^tion in civil caufes. Two of thefe, 
 Hartford and N. Haven, are capitals of the 
 ftate. The general aflembly is holden at 
 the former in May, and at the latter in 
 October, annually. The other cities are 
 New London, Norwich, and Middleton. 
 \\''eathersficld,'Windfor,Farmington,Litch- 
 fle!d,Milford,Stratford,Fairrierd,Guilford, 
 Stamford, Windham, SulField, and Enfield, 
 are all confiderable and very pleafant 
 towns. Every town in the (late is divid- 
 ed into diftridls, and each diftridt has a 
 public fchool kept in it at a greater or lefs 
 part of every year. Som.ewhat more than 
 one third of the monies arifing from a tax 
 on tlie polls and rateable eftate of the in- 
 habitants, is appropriated to the lupport 
 of fchools in the feveral towns, for the ed- 
 ucation of children and youth. The law 
 directs tliat a grammar fchool fliall be 
 kept In every comity town throughout 
 the ftate. Yale College is an eminent fem- 
 inary of learning, and was founded in the 
 rear 1700. See Tale Col.'ege. Academies 
 fcnve been cft-ibliflied at Greenfield, Plain- 
 :fiekl, Norwich, Windham, and Pomfret, 
 fhme of which are flourilliing. The con- 
 ftitution of Connecticut i^ founded on their 
 charter, which v/as granted bv Charles II. 
 in 1662, aad on a law of the ftate. Con- 
 tented with this form of government, the 
 people have not been difpofcd to run the 
 hazard of framing a new conftitution 
 fince the declaration of independence. 
 Agreeably to this charter, the fupreme 
 Jegi dative authority of the ftate is vefted 
 in a governor, deputy governor, twelve 
 alliftants or counfcllors, and the reprefen- 
 tatives of the people, ftyled the General 
 Affembly. The governor, deputy gov- 
 ernor and aftiftants are annually chcfen 
 by the freemen in the month of May. 
 The I eprefeutatives (tjjtir number not ex- 
 
 ceed two from each tov/n) are chofen Vyf 
 the freemen twice a year, to attend th© 
 two annual feffions- on the fecond Tuef- 
 days of May and Odtober. The Gene- 
 ral Afiembly is divided into two branches 
 called the upper and lower houfes. The 
 upper houfe is compofed of the governor, 
 deputy governor and afhftants. The low- 
 er houfe of the reprefentatives of the peo- 
 ple. No law can pafs without the con- 
 currence of both houfes. Conne(a;icut has 
 ever made rapid advances in population. 
 There have been more emigrations froiu 
 this, than from any of the other ftates ; 
 and yet is it full of inhabitants. This in- 
 creafe may be afcribed to feveral caufes. 
 The bulk of the inhabitants are induftri- 
 ous, fagacious huft)andmen. Their farms 
 furniili them with all the necefl'aries, moft 
 of the conveniencies, and but few of the 
 luxuries of life. They, of courfe, muft be 
 generally temperate, and if they choofe, 
 can fubiift with as much Independence 
 as is confiftent with happinefs. The fub- 
 liftence of the farmer is fubftantial, and 
 does not depend on incidental circum- 
 ftances, like that of moft other profelhons. 
 There is no necelftty of Icrving an appren- 
 ticefliip to the buiinefe, nor of a large 
 ftock of money to commence It to advan- 
 tage. Farmers, who deal much In barter, 
 have lefs need of money than any other 
 ciafs of people. The eafe with v/hich 2 
 comfortable fubfiftence Is obtained, in- 
 duces the liudoandman to marry young. 
 The cultivation of his farm makes hin\ 
 ftrong and healthful. He toils cheerfully 
 through the day ; eats the fruit of his 
 ov/n labour with a gladfome heart ; at 
 night devoutly thanks his bounteous God 
 for his daily blefilngs', retires to reft, and 
 his fleep is fweet. Such circumftanccs as 
 thefe have greatly contributed to the a- 
 mazing increafe of inhal)itants in this 
 ftate. Property Is equally enough divid- 
 ed, and muft continue to be fo, as long as 
 eftates defcend as they now do. To vote 
 for legiflators aperfon muft take the free- 
 man's oath. No perfon is allowed to take 
 this oath till he Is approved by the felec^- 
 mcn of the town, and two juftices of the 
 peace, as a man of peaceable behaviour, 
 and good moral character, and alfo that he 
 pcflcfres a freehold eftate of 40 fliiilings, 
 or a perfonal eftate of ^'40. Hence there 
 is never lueh a low mob at eledlions here 
 as in feme neighbouring ftates. He who 
 has the moft merit, not he v/ho has the 
 moft money, is generally chofen into pub- 
 lic oiBce. As iuftances ©f this, it is to be 
 obfcrved^, 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 ehferved, that many of the citizens of 
 Connecticut, from the humble walks of 
 life, have arifen to the lirft offices in the 
 Hate, and filled them with dignity and 
 reputation. That bafe bnfinefs of eled:ion- 
 eering, which is fo direiMy calculated to 
 introduce wicked and defigning men into 
 office, is yet but little known in ConnetSti- 
 cut. A man who wi flies to be chofen in- 
 to office, adts wifely, for that end, when 
 he keeps his defires to himfelf. A thirfl: 
 for learning prevails among all ranks of 
 people in the ftate. More of the young 
 men in Conne<5licut, in proportion to their 
 numbers, receive a public education, than 
 in any of the ftates. 7'he revolution., 
 which fo eflentially afFecSted the govern- 
 ment of mofl: of the colonies, pi oduced no 
 Very perceptible alteration in the govern- 
 ment of Connedticut. While under the 
 jurifdiction of Great Britain, they elecSled 
 their own governors, and all fubordinate 
 civil officers, and m^ade their own laws, in 
 the fame manner, and with as little control 
 as they now do. Connecticut has ever 
 been a republic ; and perhaps as per- 
 fect and as happy a republic as ever 
 exiiled. While other flates, more mo- 
 narchical in their government and man- 
 ners, have been under a neceflity of un- 
 dertaking the difficult talk of altering their 
 old, or forming new conftitutions, and of 
 chp.nging their monarchical for repubh- 
 can manners, ConnecT;icut has uninter- 
 ruptedly proceeded in her old track, both 
 as to government and manners ; and, by 
 thefe means, has avoided thofe convulfions 
 wliich have rent other ftates into violent 
 parties. The prefent te*-ritory of Con- 
 ne<£ticut, at the time of the firft arrival of 
 the Englifh, was pofTelTed by the Pequot, 
 the Mohegan, Podunk, and many other 
 fmaller tribes of Indians. In 1774 there 
 were of the defcendants of the ancient 
 natives, only 1.16.^ perfons ; the greater 
 part of whom lived at Mohegan, between 
 Norwich and New London. From the 
 natural decreafe of the Indians, it is im- 
 agined that their number in this ftate does 
 not now exceed 400. The firft grant of 
 Conne>5licut was made by the Plymouth 
 council to the Earl of Warwick, in i6_t,o. 
 The year following the Earl affigned this 
 grant to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brook, 
 and nine others. Some Indian traders fet- 
 tled at Windfor in 1633. The fame year, 
 a little before the arrival of the Englifh, a 
 few Dutch traders fettled at Hartford, 
 and the remains of tlie fetilement are ftill 
 ■Vifible on the bank of Conne(5licut R. 
 Vol. I. P 
 
 In 1634, Lord Say and Se^ &c. fent 
 over a fmall number of men, who 
 built a fort at Saybrook, and made a trea- 
 ty with the Pequot Indians for the lands 
 on Connecticut R. Mr. Haynes and Mr. 
 Hooker left MafTachufetts bay in 1634, 
 and fettled in Hartford. The following 
 year Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport feat- 
 ed themfclves at New Haven, in 1644, 
 the Connecticut adventurers purchafed of 
 Mr. Fenwick, agent for Lords Say and 
 Seal, and Lord Brook, their right to the 
 colony, for y^i6oo, Connecticut and N. 
 Haven continued two diftinCl govern- 
 ments for many years. At length, John 
 Winthrop, Efq. who had been chof- 
 en governor of Connecticut, was employ- 
 ed to foficit a royal charter. In 1662, 
 Charles II, granted a charter, conftituting 
 the two colonies forever one bodv cor- 
 porate and pohtic, by the name of '« The 
 governor and company of Connecticut." 
 New Haven took the affair ill ; but iu 
 1665, all difficulties were amicably ad- 
 jufted ; and as has been already cbferved, 
 this charter ftill continues to be the bafis 
 of their government 
 
 ConneSlicut, the mcft confiderable river 
 in the eaftern part of the United States, 
 rifcs in the highlands which feparate the 
 flates of Vermont and N. Hampihire from 
 L. Canada. It has been furveyed about 
 7.5 miles beyond the 45th degree of lat. to 
 the head fpring of its northern branch ; 
 from which, to its mouth, is upwards of 
 300 miles, through a thick fettled country ; 
 having upon its banks a great number of 
 the moft flourifliing and pleafant towns iu 
 the U. States. It is from 80 to 100 rods 
 wide, 130 miles from its mouth. Its courfe 
 Ijetween Vermont and N. Hampfliire is 
 generally S S W, as likewife through MafTa- 
 chufetts, and part of ConneCtivut, until it 
 reaches the city of Middleton ; after which 
 it runs a S S E courfe to its mouth. The 
 navigation of this beautiful river, which, 
 like the Nile, fertilizes the lands through 
 which it runs, is much obftruCtcd by falls. 
 Two of thefe are between N. Hampfliire 
 and Vermont, the firft are called the Fif- 
 teen mile falls. Here the river is rapid 
 for so miles. The fecond remarkable 
 fall is at Walpole, formerly called the 
 Great Fall, but now named Bellows' Falls. 
 Above thefe, the breadth of the river is, in 
 fome places, 22, in other places not above 
 16 rods. The depth of the channel is 
 about aj feet ; and commonly runs full of 
 vvater. In Sept. 1792, however, owing to 
 the fbvere drought, the waler of the river, 
 
 it 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 is faid, " paCed witliin tlie fpace of I a feet 
 wide, and 2| feet deep." A large rock di 
 vides the llream into two channels, each 
 about 90 feet wide. When the river is 
 low the eattern channel is dry, being 
 crofled by a folid rock ; and the whole 
 ftream falls into the wcilern channel, 
 where it is contratSled to tlie breadth of 
 16 feet, and tlov/s Avith afionilliing rapidi- 
 ty. There are feveral pitches, one above 
 another, in the length of h;df a mile ; the 
 largert: of which is that where the rock di- 
 vides the ilreani. A bridge of timber was 
 projev^led over this iidl, by CoL Hale, in 
 the year 1784, 365 feet long, and ftip port- 
 ed in the middle by the iuand rock ; un- 
 der which the higheit floods pafs v/ithout 
 injuring it. It connects VAdpcle in New 
 Hampshire, v/ith Rockingham in Vermont. 
 Notwitlulanding the velocity of the cnr- 
 rent at Bellows' Falls above defcrlbed, the 
 fahnon pafs up the river, and are taken 
 many miles above ; but the fhad proceed 
 no farther. On the fteep tides of the ifl- 
 and rock, at the fall, hang feveral arm 
 chairs, fecured by a counterpoife ; in thefe 
 the fifliennea lit to catch falmon with 
 filliing nets. In the courfe of the river 
 through MafTachufetts, are the falls at 
 South Hadley, around which, locks and 
 canals were completed in 1795, by an en- 
 terpriling company, incorporated for that 
 purpofe in 1792, by the iegifiature of 
 Manachufetts. In Connedlicut the river 
 IS obftruAed by falls at Enfield ; to render 
 which navigable in boats, a company has 
 been incorporated, and a fum of money 
 raifed by lottery, but nothing elTeclual is 
 yet done. The average defcent of this 
 river from Weathersfield in Vermont, 150 
 miles from its mouth, is two feet to a mile, 
 according to the barometrical obferva- 
 tions of J. Winthrop, Efq. made in 1786. 
 The rivers or flreams which fall into Con- 
 ncdiicut R. are numerous ; liich of them 
 as are worthy of notice v/ill be feen under 
 their refpedVive names. At its mouth is a 
 bar of fand M'-hich conliJorably obftruc'ilrs 
 the navigation ; it has 10 feet water on it 
 at full tides, and the fame depth to Mid- 
 dIeton,from Vt'hich the bar is 36 miles dif- 
 tant. Above Middleton, there are flioals 
 which have only 6 feet water at high 
 tide ; and here the tide ebbs and flows but 
 about 8 inches. Three mfles above that 
 city, the river is contracted to about 40 
 rods in breadth, by two high mountains. 
 On ahp.oft every other part of the river 
 the banks are low, and fpread into fine 
 «stenllye meadows. In the fpring floods. 
 
 which generally happen in May, the(<p 
 meadows are covered with water. Afe 
 Hartford, the water fometimes rifes 2Cfeet 
 above the common furface of the river, 
 and the v/ater having no t>tiier outlet, 
 but the abovementioned ftrait it i» 
 ibmetimcs 2 cr 3 weeks before it returns 
 to its ufual bed. Thefe floods add noth- 
 ing to the depth of water on the bar at the 
 mouth of the river, as the bar lies too far 
 off in the found to be afledled fcy them. 
 This river is navigable to Hartford city,, 
 upwards of 50 miles from its mouth; and 
 the produce of the country for 200 miles 
 above it is brought thither in boats The 
 boats which are ufcd in this buiinefs are 
 fiat bottomed, long and narrow, and of fo 
 light a make as to be portable in carts. 
 Before the conftrudlion of locks and canaU 
 on this river, they were taken out at 3 dif- 
 ferent carrying places, all of which made 
 15 miles It is expelled that in a few 
 years the obilrudiions will be all removed. 
 Sturgeon, falmon, and fliad, are caught in 
 plenry in their feafon, from the mouth of 
 the river upv/ards, excepting (turgcon, 
 wliich do not afcend the upper falls ; be- 
 fide a variety of fmail fifn, fuch as pike, 
 carp, perch, &c. There is yet a flrong 
 expectation of opening a commmiication 
 between this river and the Merrimack, 
 through Sugar R. which runs into the Con- 
 nedlicut at Claremont in N. Hampfliire, 
 and the Contoocook, which falls into the- 
 Merrimack at Bofcawen. trom this river 
 were employed in r 789, three brigs, of 180 
 tons each, in the European trade ; and 
 about 60 fail, from 60 to 150 tons, in the 
 W. India trade, befide a few fifhermen, 
 and 40 or 50 coafling vellels. The number 
 has confiderably increafed fince. 
 
 Ccnf:e^icut, a llream in Long Iiland, N. 
 York, which falls into a bay at the S fide 
 of the ifiand. It lies 2 miles to the fouth- 
 Vv'ard of Rockonkama pond. 
 
 ComieStkui,Ni"zv, in the State of Ohio. 
 See Trumbull co. 
 
 ConneUfwllf, a pofl town, Fayette co. 
 Pennfyh^ania, on Youghiogany river, 220 
 miles from Waflilngton. It is the fliirc 
 town of the co. Half a mile below the 
 town arc 2 forges, and a merchant mill, 
 and various other mills. The inhabitants 
 are Friends, BaptiftsandMethodiils. Their 
 meeting houfc is below the town. This 
 is the head of navigation. 
 
 Continental Village, was fituated on Hud- 
 
 fon R. in N. York flate. Before its def- 
 
 flrucIlionbySlr HenryClinton,inO<fl:.i777, 
 
 there were here barracks for 2000 men. 
 
 Qmivetfatiaih 
 
coo 
 
 coo 
 
 Converjat'ion Point, a head land on the 
 S fide of a bay on the coaft of California. 
 JN lat. 3Z 30, W Ion. 119. 
 
 Conway, a townfltlp in the province of 
 N. Erunfwick, Sudbury co. on the W bank 
 of St. John's R. ~ It has the-bay of Fundy 
 on the S, and at the wefternmofl: point of 
 the townfliip there is a pretty good har- 
 bour called Mufquafli co\^. 
 
 Comuay, a townfliip in the N E corner 
 of Strafford co. N. Hampfliire, on a bend 
 in Saco river, incorporated in 1765, and 
 contains 705 inhabitants. It was called 
 Fig-Lvacket by the Indians. 
 
 Conivay, a thriving townfliip in Hamp- 
 fhire co. Maflachufetts, incorporated in 
 1767, and contains 201 3 inhabitants, 13 
 miles N W of Northampton. 
 
 Co;:ya, a river in Surinam, or Dutch 
 Guiana, S. America. 
 
 Coo/oome, an Indian tov/n on the W fide 
 of Talapoofe R. a branch of the Mobile. 
 Cook's R. or Inlet, on the N W coaft oi 
 Anoerica, difcovered by Capt. Cook,who 
 traverfed it 210 miles from its entrance, 
 and concluded it a channel through which 
 ^ N W pafiage might ultimately be difcov- 
 ered. Capt. Vancouver, in the fpring of 
 1794, explored this celebrated river, 
 which commences in N iat. 59 10, W Ion. 
 from Greenwich 151, and after afcend- 
 ing it as high as lat. 61 29 N, W Ion. 148 
 45, found its termination. It is of courfe 
 no longer confidered as a river, but only 
 an Inlet, or a hmg and narrow arm of the 
 fea, extending from S W to N E, between 
 the latitudes abovementioned. Its banks 
 are inhabited by feme Ruffians and In- 
 dians of a very hmnaue characT;er. Of a 
 number, to whom Capt Vancouver, Ihew- 
 cd kindnefs, he gives tliefollowingaccount. 
 *' They departed fliewing a very high 
 fenfe of gratitude for the kindnefs and at- 
 tention with v/hich they had been treat- 
 ed. Whilft on board they had behaved 
 with a degree of modefty and decorum 
 rarely found amongfl; men in a far more 
 civilized fiate ; and notwlthllanding they 
 had been couflantly expofed to tempta- 
 tions by articles lying in their way, which 
 v/ere of the mo ft valuable nature in tlieir 
 eftimation, not the moft trifling thing was 
 milled, nor did their honefty in any re- 
 fpecflfufTer the leaft impeachment. 'I'hev 
 repofed the utmoft confidence in our in- 
 tegrity, and confidered themfelves as 
 much at home in our fi^-iety as if wc liad. 
 long been their moft intimate friends. 
 In fliort, if the condudl they exhibited 
 (iaring the time they pafTsd Vfith. us is to 
 
 be received as their general national chsr- 
 adler, it indicates them to be a people 
 unat-'luated, by ambition, jealoufy, or av- 
 arice, the pafiions which fo ftrongly ope- 
 rateon the human fpecies.toprcduceaccn- 
 ilant dread and variance with each other, 
 and ftimulate to acts of oppreflion, vio- 
 lence and rapacity, as well on their liear- 
 eft neighbours, as the moft diftant ftran- 
 gers." " Many of the natives v/ere fecn 
 about thcSr habitations as our party pafT- 
 ed along the bay, and v/herethey had occa- 
 fion to land, feme of thefe good people ob- 
 ferving that the boats were prevented, by 
 the flioals, from reaching the fliore, they 
 ruflied into the v.^atcr, notwithftanding 
 the weather was very cold and unpleafant, 
 and ofiercd their iriendly affiihmce to 
 land cur gentlemen, by carrying them 
 i through the water ; which acceptable fer- 
 i vice, they not only performed v/Ith the 
 ! greateft care and attention, but made 
 j their new vifitors fome trivial prcfents ; 
 V hich were recompenfed by returns higb- 
 ly fatisfactory to them." 
 
 Cookhoufe, on the Cookquago branch of 
 Delav/are R. is fituated in the tovv^nfliip 
 of Colchefter, N. York, near the Pennfyl- 
 vania line. 
 
 Coobtrs IJland, one of the leffer Virgin 
 Ifles in the W. Indies, fituated S W of Gin- 
 ger Ifland, and uninhabited. It is 5 miles 
 long, and i broad. K lat. 18 5, W loa. 
 62 57. 
 
 Cuopcr, a large and navigable river 
 which mingles its waters with Afliley R. 
 below Charlcfrcn city in S. Carolina. 
 Thefe form a fpacious and convenient 
 harbour, which communicates v/ith the 
 ocean, juft below Sullivan's IHand, which 
 it leaves on the K, 7 miles S E of the city. 
 In thefe rivers the tide rifes 6^ feet. 
 Cooper R. is a mile wide at the ferry, 9' 
 miles above Charlefton. A canal from 
 the head of this river to Santee opens a 
 communication between Charlefton and 
 the Ulterior country. 
 
 Ccnpers 'Toivtt^ a poft town and town- 
 fliip, in Otfego co. K. York, and is the 
 compaA part of the to\v nfliip cf Otlego, 
 and the chief town of the co. It is pleaf- 
 antly fituated at the S W end of the lake, 
 on its banks, and thofe of its outlet; 73 
 miles W of Albany. Hcie are a court 
 houfe, gaol', and academy. It is rapidly 
 increafing, and built in regular fquarer. 
 N lat. 42 44, W Ion. 74 4''>' 
 
 Coopers Ferry, in Glocefter co.N. Jerfey ; 
 a poft office is kept here, i-ip miles N E 
 from V/afliington. 
 
 Cocper''s'^ 
 
coo 
 
 COP 
 
 Coopers, a village in Ybrk co. Penniyl- 
 vania, on the W bank of Sufquehanna, 
 on the Maryland line. I'liis place, in 
 1785, was a Avildernefs. Nine years after, 
 it contained 1800 inhabitants ; a large 
 and handfome church, with a fteeple ; a 
 market lioufe and a bettering houfe ; a 
 library of 1200 volumes, and an academy 
 of 64 fcholars. Four hundred and fcven- 
 ty pipes were laid under groimd, for the 
 purpole of bringing water from W. Moun- 
 tain, and conducting it to every houfe in 
 town. 
 
 Coop's Toivn, in Harford co. Maryland, 
 lies 12 miles N W of Harford, and 24 N 
 N E of Baltimore. 
 
 Coos, or Cohos, the places called Upper 
 and Loiver Coos, lie on Conne<flicut R. 
 one 2,5, the other 75 miles above Dart- 
 mouth college. Upper Coos is the coun- 
 try S of Upper Amonoofuck R. on John 
 and Ifrael Rivers. Lower Coos is in the 
 towns of Haverhill and Newbury, S of the 
 Lower Amonoofuck. The diflance from 
 Upper Coos, to the tide in Kennebeck R. 
 was meafured in 1793, and was found to 
 be but 90 miles. 
 
 Coofddesy an Indian town on Alabama R. 
 about 60 miles above its mouth, on Mobile 
 JR. below McGillivray's town, and oppo- 
 fite the mouth of the Oakfulkee 
 
 Coofa Hatchet:, or Coofaiv, a ri ver of S. 
 Carolina, which rifes in Orangeburg dif- 
 tri(5t, and running a S S W courfe, emp- 
 ties into Broad R. and Whale Branch, 
 which feparate Beaufort ifland from the 
 main land. 
 
 Cc:>fa,z. river of S. Carolina. See Broad R. 
 
 Coojj., or Confa Hatcha, a river which rifcs 
 in the high lands of the Cherokces' coun- 
 try, and joining Tallapoofc, forms Ala- 
 bama R. Its courfe is generally S, run- 
 ning through the country of the Natchez, 
 and other tribes of the Upper Creeks, the 
 roughcfl: and mod broken of the whole 
 nation. It is rapid, and full of rocks and 
 iboals, hardly navigable for canoes. 
 
 Coefaivatchie, or Co^fcihatchie, a pofl: town 
 in Beaufort diftriA, S. Carolina, fituated 
 on the S W fide of Coofa R. over wliich 
 a bridge has been lately erc(5ted. It is a 
 flourirtiing place, having about 4c houfes, 
 a court h(-ufe and gaol. The courts for- 
 merly held at Beaufort, are held liere. It 
 is 33 miles from Beaufort, and 77 W S W 
 of Charltflon. 
 
 Cooijloivti, a pofl town In Berks co. Penn- 
 fylvania, is iiuiated on a hranch of Sau- 
 hoca creek, a branch of the Schuylkill R. 
 It contains 40 houfes, and a German Lu- 
 
 theran and Calvinifl: church united. It is 
 17 miles N N E of Reading, and 73 N W 
 by N of Philadelphia. 
 
 Copiapo, an open town in the bifliopric 
 of St. Jago, or Chili Proper, in S. Amer- 
 ica, famous for Its mines of iron, brafs, tin, 
 and lead ; which, however, are not work- 
 ed. '1 he gold mines have drawn about , 
 900 people here. There are alio great 
 quantities of loadftone, and lapis lazuli, 
 14 or 15 leagues diflant ; where there 
 are alfo feveral lead mines. On the high 
 mountains of the Cordillera, 40 leagues 
 E S E from the port, are mines of the 
 finefl: fulphur, not needing to be cleanfed, 
 and M'hich fells for 3 pieces of eight a 
 quintal, at the port, from whence it is 
 carried to Lima. Frefli water is very 
 fcarce. Salt petre is found in the vale an 
 inch thick on the ground. Between this 
 and Coquimbo is no town or village, only 
 3 or 4 farms. Lat. 25 10 S, Ion. 75 14 W. 
 
 Copper iW/«5, alarge river of New Brit- 
 ain, reckoned to be the mod northern in 
 N. America, Taking a northerly courfe 
 it falls into the fea in lat. 72 N, and about 
 119 W Ion. from Greenwich. The ac- 
 counts brought by the Indians of this river 
 to the Britilli ports in Hudfon bay, and 
 the fpecimens of copper produced by 
 them, induced Mr. Hcarne to fct out fron\ 
 Fort Prince of Wales, in Dec. 1770, on a. 
 journey of difcovery, He reached the 
 river at 40 miles diftance from the fea, 
 and found it all the way incumbered 
 with flioals and falls, and emptying itfelf 
 into it over a dry fiat of the Iborc, the 
 tide being then out, which feemed by the 
 edges of the ice to rife about 1% or 14 
 feet. T')is rife, on account of the falls, 
 will carry it but a very fmall way withia 
 the river's mouth ; fo that the water in 
 it has not the leaft brackifli tafte. Mr. 
 Hearne had the moft extcnfive view of 
 the fea, which bore N W by W and N E, 
 when he was about 8 miles up the river. 
 The fea at the river's moutli, was full of 
 illands and llioals ; but the ice was only 
 thawed away about -|ths of a mile from 
 the fliore, on the 17th of July. The Ef- 
 quimaux had a quantity of whale bone 
 and feal fkins at their tents on the fliorc. 
 The river is full of falmon ; 40 miles from 
 the fea it is 180 yards wide, thence to the 
 fea it varies from 20 to 4 or 500 yards in 
 widih. The genera! courfe of the river 
 is about N by E. The banks are gener- 
 ally a folid lock, cacli fide fo correfponds 
 with the other, tl^at fome convulfion of 
 nature is fuppofed to have produced the 
 
 channel. 
 
COR 
 
 COR 
 
 channel. The Indians fay the river rlfes 
 in Large White Stone lake, 300 miles dif- 
 tant on a ftraight line. The Efquimaux 
 Indians inhabit the fnorcs of this river. 
 
 Copper Mine Pointy in the E end of lake 
 Superior, in U. Canada, in the vicinity of 
 which, feme years ago, an attempt was 
 made to dig for copper ore, but foon after 
 abandoned. This place is nearly N E by 
 N from point Mamonce, and between it 
 and the mouth of the river Montreal. 
 
 Coquimbo, a town of St. Jago, or Chili 
 proper, in S. America, fituated at the 
 lower end of the vale, bearing the fame 
 name, on a gently rifing ground. The riv- 
 er of Coquimbo gives name to the agree- 
 able valley through which it rolls to the 
 fea ; and the bay at its mouth is a very 
 fine one, where fliips lie fafely and com- 
 modioufly, though the coaft is rocky, fome 
 iflands lying fo as to keep off the winds. 
 The town is properly called La Serena, 
 from the agreeablenefs of the climate ; 
 being continually ferene and pleafant. 
 The ilreets are well laid out, and there 
 are 5 or 6 convents ; but the houfes are 
 not handfome. The foil is fruitful in 
 corn, wine, and oil, and the brooks bring 
 down quantities of gold dufl; after heavy 
 rains. Here are no gold mines, but plen- 
 ty of copper; one of which, 5 leagues N 
 from the city on Mount Cerro Verde, or 
 Green Hill, is high, and fliaped like a fu- 
 gar loaf ; fo that it may ferve as a land 
 mark to the port. It lies 260 miles N of 
 St. Jago, and jufl-ly boafts of one of the 
 fineft fituations in the world ; but the ar- 
 bitrary government of Spain renders it a 
 place of little importance. 
 
 Coral River, in New Mexico, runs a 
 courfe W by S, and empties into the head 
 of the gulf of California, clofe by the 
 mouth of Collerado river. 
 
 Coram, a poft town in Suffolk co. Brook- 
 Jiaven townlhip, Long I. Na York. It has 
 about 60 houfes, and lies 62 miles eafl- 
 ward of N. York city, and ao E of Hunt- 
 ington. 
 
 Corcas, or Grand Corcas, an ifland almofl 
 in the form of a crefcent, N of St. Do- 
 jliingo, in the windAvard pailage, about 7 
 leagues W of Turk's I. and about ao E of 
 J-.ittle Inagua, or Heneagua. N lat. %i sS-> 
 W Ion. 70 s^. 
 
 Cordillera. See Andes. 
 
 Cordova, De la niieva Andalufia, a City of 
 I'eru, in S America, in the jurifdi^5lion of 
 Charcas, 80 leagues S of Santiago del Ef- 
 tero. Here is the Epifcopal church of 
 lucaman, with fomc monafteries, and a 
 
 convent. It is fruitful in grain, honey, 
 wax, fruits, cotton, and fugar. It abounds 
 with fait pits, and has luxuriant paftures 
 for mules. It drives a great trade with 
 Buenos Ayrcs. The inhabitants are Span* 
 iards, who are farmers and manufadlurcrs 
 of cotton cloth, which they fend to Potoll, 
 S lat. 31 30, W Ion. 63 30. In Cordova, 
 in the Tucuman, there has been found the 
 greateft inftancc of longevity fmce the 
 days of the patriarchs. From indifputa- 
 ble evidence, a negrefs, named Louifa 
 Truxo, was alive in I'j 1 j^,zgcd one hundred 
 and fcventy Jive years. 
 
 Core Sound, on the coafl of N. Carolina, 
 lies S of, and communicates with, Pamlico. 
 
 Ccrientes, a cape of Mexico, or New 
 
 j Spain, on the N. Pacific ocean. N lat. 21, 
 
 W Ion. 109 30. Alfo, the name of the S 
 
 wefternmofl point of the ifland of Cuba. 
 
 Corientes, Los, a fmall city within the 
 government of Buenos Ay res, in S.Amer- 
 ica, was built by the Spaniards on the 
 confluence of the Parana and Paraguay, 
 80 leagues higher than Santa Fe, on the 
 Rio de Plata. 
 
 Corinth, a townflu'p in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, W of Bradford, adjoining, contain- 
 ing 1403 inhabitants. 
 
 Cork Bay, on the E fide of Newfoundland 
 Ifland. 
 
 Cornijh, a townfliip in Chefliire co. N. 
 Hamplhire, on the E bank of Connecticut 
 R. between Claremont and Plainfield, 
 about 15 miles N of Charleflown, and 16 S 
 of Dartmouth college. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1763. In 1775, it contained 309, in 
 1790, 982, and in x8oo, 1268 inhabitants. 
 
 Cornijh, a town in York co. Maine, 
 bounded by Saco R. on the E, and by- 
 Great Ofl'apee river on the N. 
 
 Cornville, a townfliip in Kennebcck co. 
 on the E fide of Kennebeck R. Weflcrun- 
 fet, or Uflerunfcut R. runs nearly through 
 the center of this townfliip, which is about 
 45 miles N of Hallowell. 
 
 Corntvall, a townfliip in Addifon co. 
 Vermont, E of Bridport, on lake Champ- 
 lain, containing 1163 inhabitants. 
 
 Cornivall, a townfliip in Orange co. N. 
 York, on the W bank of Hudfon river, 
 embracing a part of the Highlands. The 
 fortrefs pf JVcJi Point is in this townfliip. 
 It has 1648 inhabitants. 
 
 Cornivall, a poft town in Litchfield co. 
 Conne6licut, about 9 miles N of Litch- 
 field, and 40 W by N of Hartford. 
 
 Cornivall, th: io'ivnJiDip of, in the CO. of 
 Stormont,U. Canada, is fituated upon the 
 river l^t. Lawrence, near St. Francis lake, 
 
 and 
 
COT 
 
 COU 
 
 anifl the third townfliip in afcending the 
 river. It has a fmall church, and 30 or 
 40 houfes. 
 
 Cornivallis, a town in King's co. in the 
 province of N. Bninfwick, on the S W 
 fide of the Bafin of Minas ; 18 miiesN W 
 of Falmouth, and $s N W of AnnapoHs. 
 Alfo a river in the lame province, navi- 
 gable for veflels of lOO tons 5 miles ; for 
 ve.Tels of 50 tons 10 miles. 
 
 Coro, a town of S. America, in Terra 
 Firma, at the bottosn of the gulf of Ve- 
 nezuela, 60 miles W of La Guaira. N 
 lat. n, W Ion. 70. 
 
 Coropa, a province of S. America, fita- 
 atcd between the river Amazon and the 
 lake Parime. 
 
 Curtlamh, a townfliip in the northern 
 part of W. Chefter co. on the E bank of 
 Hudlbn river, N. York, containing 2752 
 inhabitants. It lies between Crotoii and 
 Peekfkiil rivers. The village of Peekfkiil 
 is in this townfliip. 
 
 Coryell's Ferry ^ Hunterdon CO. N. Jerfey, 
 where is a poll office, 180 miles N E of 
 "Wafliington. 
 
 Cojla £ica, or the Hich Conf^ as its name 
 fignifies, is fo called from its rich mines 
 of gold and filver, thofe of Tinfigai being 
 preferred by the Spaniards to the mines 
 of Potoli ; but in other refpects, it is 
 mountainous and barren. It is lituatcd 
 in the audience of Guatimala, in New- 
 Spain, bounded by tlie province of Vera- 
 gua on the S E,and that of Nicaragua on 
 the N E. It reaches from the North to 
 the South Sea, about 90 leagues from £ to 
 W, and is 50 where broadeft, from N to 
 S. It has much the fame produ(5tions as 
 its neighbouring provinces ; and in fomc 
 places the foil is good, and it produces 
 cocoa. On the North Sea it has two con- 
 venient bays, the moft w^eftcrly called St. 
 Jerom's, and that near tiie frontiers of 
 Veragua, called Caribaco ; and on the 
 South Sea it has fevcral bays, capes, and 
 convenient places for anchorage. Chief 
 town Nycoya. 
 
 Cotabambo, a jurifdicSlion in Peru, S. A- 
 jnerica, fubje<5l to the biiliop of Cufco, 
 and lies 20 leagues S W of that cify- It 
 abounds in grain, fruits, and cattle. lis 
 rich mines are now almofl: exhaufLJ. 
 
 Coteaux, Les, a town on the road from 
 Tiburon to Port Snlut, on the S. fide of 
 tlie S peninfula of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, 13-^ leagues E by S of the former, 
 and 4 NW of the ktter, N lat. 18 12 
 
 CotopaMt, a large volcano near Lataa- 
 eungo, an afuento or dependence on the 
 
 province of Quito, in Pern, S. Amcries. 
 It lies nearly under the line, yet the tjp* 
 of it are generally covered with ice and 
 fnow. It firR f]iew(M itfelf in 1553, when 
 Sebaftlan dc Belacazar lirfi; entered ihefc 
 countries, which eruption proved favour- 
 able to his enterprife.as it coincided with 
 a predicStion of the Indian priefls, that the 
 country lliould be invaded on the burfting 
 of this Volcano ; and accordingly it fo 
 happened; for before 1539 he had fub- 
 ducd all the country, It is 18,756 feet 
 above tlie level of the fca, and except 
 Chimborazo is the higheft point of the 
 Andes. 
 
 Cotuy,z canton and town in the Span- 
 'ifh p'irt of the ifland of St. Domuigo, 
 bounded E by the bay of Samana, N by 
 the chain of moimtains called Monte 
 Chrifl, W by the territory of la Vega, and 
 S by the chain of mountains calltd Se-^ 
 vico. In 1305, the gold mines were 
 worked here. In the mountain of Mey- 
 mon> whence comes the river of the fame 
 name, there is a copper mine, fo rich, 
 that when refined will produce 8 per cent, 
 of gold. Here are alfo found excellent 
 lapis la7,uli, a flreaked chalk, that fomc 
 painters prefer to bole for gilding ; load- 
 ftone, emeralds, and iron. The iron is of 
 the befl tjuaiity, and might be conveyed 
 from the chain of Sevico by means of the 
 river Yuna. The foil here is excellent, 
 and the plantains produced here are of 
 fueh fuperior quality, that this manna of 
 the Antilles is called at St. Domingo, Sun- 
 day plantains. The people cultivate 
 tobacco, but are chie/ly employed in 
 breeding fwine. The inhabitants are 
 caiied clownilh, and of an unfociabtc 
 characTter. The town is fituated half a. 
 league from the S W bank of Yuna, which 
 becomes unnavigable near this place, 
 about 13 leagues from its mouth in the 
 bay of Samana. It contains 160 fcatter- 
 ed houfes, in the middle of a little favan- 
 na.ijnd furrouiided with woods, 30 leagues 
 noriherlyot St. Domingo, and 12 S E of 
 St. Yago. N lat. 19 11, W ion. from 
 Paris 72 27. 
 
 Cc^a'A/^, a fmall ifland in St. Lawrence 
 river, about 45 miles N E of Qutbec. 
 
 Country llaibour, fo called, is about 20 
 leagues to the eadward ol Halifax, in No- 
 va Scotia. 
 
 Co):p(e,oi- Cut Point, a fnort tr.in in the 
 river Midlfippi, about ^^^ miles above 
 Mantchac ferr, at the gut of Ibberville, 
 and 259 from the mouth of the river. 
 Cliarkvoix relates that the river formerly 
 
 saa4c 
 
cow 
 
 CR A 
 
 IRadc a great turn here, and feme Ca- 
 nadians, by deepening the channel of a 
 fmall brook, diverted the waters of the 
 river into it, in the year 172Z. The iniptt- 
 uolity of the dream was fuch, and the foil 
 of fo rich and loofe a quality, that in alliort 
 time the point was entirely cut through, 
 and the old cliannel left dry, except in 
 inundations : l>y which travellers fave 
 14 leagues of their voyage. The new 
 channel has been founded with a line of 
 30 fathom, witliout finding bottom. The 
 Spaniili fettlements of Point Coupee ex- 
 tend so miles on the W fide of the Miffi- 
 lippi,and tiiere are fomc plantations back, 
 and the fide of La Faufe Riviere, through 
 which the Miillfippi palTed about 70 years 
 ago. The fort at Point Coupee is a fquare 
 figure, with four baftions, built with ftock- 
 ades. There were, fome years fince, about 
 aooo white inhabitants and 7000 ilavcs. 
 They cultivate Indian corn, toI)acco, and 
 indigo ; raife vafl quantities of poultry, j 
 which they ftnd to New Orleans. They 
 alfo fend to that city fquared timber, 
 ftaves, &c. Hutchhis, 
 
 Coventry, a poQ town in Tolland CO. 
 Connedlicut, 20 miles E of Hartford city. 
 It was fettled in 1709, being purchafed 
 by a number of Hartford gentlemen, of 
 one Jolbua, an Indian- It has 3021 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Coventry, in Rhode iriand,i3 the Ncaf):- 
 crnmoft townfnip in Kent co. It contains 
 ft423 inhabicants. The town is well wa- 
 tered by feveral brooks which fall into 
 Moofufe, which runs wefterly into Quin- 
 nabaug and into Patuxet, which runs eall- 
 crly into Narraganfet Bay. 
 
 Coventry, a townfiiip in the northern 
 part of N. Hampiliire, in Grafton co. It 
 was incorporated in 1764, and contains 
 69 inhabitants. 
 
 Coventry, a townfhip in Orleans co. Ver- 
 mont. Ic lies in the N part of the ftate, 
 at the S end of Lake JVIemphremagog. 
 Black R. paflls through this town in its 
 courfe to Memphremagog. It had only 
 7 inhabitants in 1800. 
 
 Coventry, a townfiiip in Chefter co. 
 Pennfylvania, on the Schuylkill, oppolite 
 Pottfgrove. 
 
 Coiv?,h the capital town of the Chero- 
 kee Indians, lituated on the foot of the 
 hills, on both fides of the river Tenefiee. 
 Here terminates the great vale of Cowe, 
 exhibiting one of the mofS: charming, nat- 
 ural, mountainous landfcaoes that can be 
 feen. The vale is cloftd at Cov/e by a 
 lid^e of high hills, called the Jcre moun- 
 
 tains. The town contains about too hab- 
 itations. In the conflitution of the flate 
 of TcnefTee^ Cowe is defcribed as near th« 
 line which feparates Tenefiee from Vir- 
 ginia, and is divided from Old Chota, an- 
 other Indian town, by that part of the 
 Great Iron or Smoaky mountain, called 
 Unicoi, or Unaca mountain. 
 
 Co'ivetas, or Koivetas, a town of the 
 Lower Creeks, in E. Flonda, called the 
 Bloody town. [See Apalachlcola totvn?^ It 
 lies on the W bank of Chata Uche R. and 
 contains 280 men. 
 
 Coiu and Calf Pajiure Rivers, are head 
 branches of Rivanna river, in Virginia. 
 
 Ccivs Ifldkd. See Vache. 
 
 Coivp'jjiure River, Virginia, a principal 
 branch of James River, which Ice. 
 
 Coivpens. a place fo called, in S. Caro- 
 lina, between Pacolct river and the head 
 branch of Broad river. This is the fpot 
 where Gen. Morgan gained a complete 
 vi6lory over lient. col. Tarieton, Jan. ir, 
 1781, having only 12 irttn killed and 60 
 wounded. The Britilli had 39 commif- 
 uoned ofTicers killed, wounded and taken 
 prifoncrs ; 100 rank and file killed, 200 
 wounded^ and 500 prifoners. They left 
 behind, 2 pieces of artillery, 2 ftandards, 
 800 muflcet3, 3J baggage waggons, and 
 100 dragoon horfes, which fell into the 
 hands of the American-5. The field of 
 battle was in an open wood. 
 
 CoxhaU,\n York co. Maine. See Lyman, 
 
 Coxfukie^ a townfiiip in Green co. N» 
 York, containing 4676 inhabitants. Tlie 
 landing is ic miles N of Hudfon city, on 
 the opposite fide of the river. 
 
 Coyau, a. fettlcment on TenelTee river, 
 30 miles below Knoxville. 
 
 Crao Orchard, a port town, on Dick's 
 river, in Kentucky, 8 miles from Cumber- 
 land river, and 25 miles S E of Danville. 
 The road to Virginia pafles through this 
 place, 
 
 Cratg Fort, Smith CO. Tenefiee ; here is 
 a poll oflice, 704 miles W of Wafliington.- 
 
 Cro^tberry, a thriving town in Middle- 
 fex CO. N. jerfey, 9 miles E of Princeton, 
 and 16 S S W of Brunfwick. It contain* 
 a handfcme Prclhyterian church, and a 
 variety of manufa(5lures are carried on 
 by its induftrious inhabitant*. The ftagc 
 from N. York to Philadelphia pafTei 
 through Amboy, this town, and thence t« 
 Bordentown. 
 
 Cranberry Ijlands, on tlie COJiH: of the 
 diftrici of Maine. Sec Mjuni Defert IJl- 
 and. 
 
 Crmney^z. fniall iOand, or* the S fide of 
 
 Jasoe* 
 
CRE 
 
 CRiS 
 
 jPftmes river, ia Virginia, at the mouth of 
 Elizabeth river, and 5 miles S W of Fort 
 George, on Point Comfort. It commands 
 the entrance of both rivers. 
 
 Cranfton, is the S E townfliip of Provi- 
 xlence co. Rhode Kland, on the W bank 
 of Providence R. 5 miles S of the town of 
 Providence. The compatTt part of the 
 town contains 50 or 60 houfes, a Baptifl: 
 meeting houle, handfomc fchool houfe, a 
 dift'ilery, and a number of law and grifl: 
 mills, and is called Pawtuxet, from the 
 river, on both fides of whofe mouth it 
 ftand^, and over which is a bridge, con- 
 necting the two parts of the town. It 
 malces a pretty appearance as yon pafs it 
 on the river. The whole townfliip con- 
 tains if^-14 inhabitants. In the town are 
 iron mines funk, to a great depth, the wa- 
 ter is raifed by a fleam engine. Two offi- 
 cers of Cromwell's army, a Mr. Fenncr, 
 and Mr. Scorte, fettled in this town. Their 
 dcfcendants are numerous. 
 
 Craven Co. in Ncwbern diflricft, N. Car- 
 olina, is bounded N by Pitt, and S by 
 Carteret and Onflow counties. Its chief 
 town is Newbern. It cfjntains 7778 in- 
 habitants, of whom 2863 are flaves. 
 
 Cnivfor-l^ a CO. of Pennfylvania, bound- 
 ed N by Erie, E by Warren, and S E by 
 Venango, it is watered by French Creek, 
 and contains 670,320 acres, and 2346 
 people. 
 
 Credai River, or River Credit, in U. 
 Canada, difcharges itfelf into lake Onta- 
 rio, between the head of that lake and 
 York, in the MiiTafaga territory. It is a 
 j^reat refort for thefe and other Indian 
 tribes, and abounds with fifli. 
 
 Cm Indians, The, inhabit W of little 
 lake Winnipeg, around fort Dauphin, in 
 U. Canada. 
 
 ': Cree^rers Toivr, in Frederick co. Ma- 
 ryland, lies on the W (ide of Monococy 
 R, between Owings'sand Hunting creeks, 
 which fall into that river ; 9 miles foath- 
 crly of Ermmtfburgh, near the Pennfyl- 
 vania line, and about ii northerly of 
 Fredericlctown. 
 
 Creehs, confederated nations of Indians. 
 See I^ufco(Tul);re. In addition to what is 
 faid under this article, the following is 
 from the MS. Journal of an intelligent 
 traveller. .Coofa river, and its main 
 branches, form the weftern line of fettle- 
 ments or villages of the Creeks, but their 
 hunting grounds extend 20omile3 beyond, 
 to the Tombigbee, v/hich is the dividing 
 line between their country and that of the 
 ehaftawsi The {in.allcll; of their towns 
 
 have from 20 to 30 houfes in them, afi4 
 fome of them contain from 150 to 200, 
 that are wholly compacft. The houfes 
 (land in clufters of 4,5, 6, 7, and 8 togeth- 
 er, irregularly difl:ributed up and dowa 
 the banks of the rivers or fmall ftreams. 
 Each clufter of houfes contain a clan, or 
 family of relations, v/ho cat and hve in 
 common. Each town has a public fquare, 
 hot houfe and yard near the centre of it, 
 appropriated to various public ufes. The 
 following are the names of the principal 
 towns of the Upper and Lower Creeks, 
 that have public fquares ; beginning at 
 the head of the Coofa or Coofa Hatcha 
 river, viz. Upper Ufalas, Abbacoochees, 
 Natchez, Coofas, Oteetoocheenas, Pine 
 Catchas, Pocuntullahafes, Weeokees, lit- 
 tle Tallaffie, Tufkeegees, Coofadas, Alaba- 
 mas, Tawafas, Pawadlas, Autobas, Auho- 
 ba, Weelurapkees Big, V/eelumpkees Lit- 
 tle, Wacacoys, Weckfoy, Ochees. The 
 following towns are in the central, inland 
 and high country, between the Coofa and 
 Tallapoofee rivers, in the dlflricEt called 
 the Hillabees, viz. Hillabces, Killeegko, 
 Oakchoys, Slakagulgas, and Wacacoys. 
 On the waters of the Tallapoofee, from 
 the head of the river downward, the fol- 
 lowing, viz. Tuckabatchee, Tchafla, To- 
 tacaga, N. York,Chalaacpauley, I^ogufpO' 
 gus Oakfuikee, Ufala Little, 'Ufal a Big, 
 Sogahatches, Tuckaabatchces, Big Tallaf- 
 fee, or half way houfe, Clewaleys, Coofa- 
 hatches, Coolamies, Shawanefe or Sava- 
 nas, Kenhulka, and Muckelcfes. The 
 towns of the Lower Creeks, beginning on 
 the head waters of the Chattahoofee, and 
 fo on downwards are Chelu Ninny, Chat- 
 tahoofee, Hohtatoga, Cowetas, Cuihtahs, 
 Chalagatfcaor, Broken Arrow, Euchees 
 feverai, Hitchatees feveral, Palachuolo, 
 Chevv'ackala. Befide ao towns and villages 
 of the Little and Big Chehaus, low down 
 on Flint and Chattahoofee rivers. From 
 their roving and unfteady manner of liv- 
 ing, it is impolllble to determine, with 
 much precifion, the number of Indians 
 that compofe the Creek nation. Gen. 
 M'GiUivray elHmates the mimber of -^w^ 
 men to be between 5 and 6000, exclufive 
 of the Seminoles, who are of little or no 
 account in war, except as fmall parties of 
 marauders, acting independent of the gen- 
 eral intereft: of th.c others. The whole 
 number of individuals may be about 25 or 
 26,000 fouls. Every town and village has 
 one eftabliflied white trader in it, and gen- 
 erally a family of whites, who have fled 
 from foma part of the frontiars. They 
 
 often 
 
CRE 
 
 C RO 
 
 often, to have revenge,and to obtain plun- 
 der that may be taken, ufe their influence 
 io fend out predatory parties againll the 
 Settlements in their vicinity. The Creeks 
 are very badly armed ; having few rifles, 
 and are moftly armed with mufkets. For 
 near 40 years paft, the Creek Indians 
 have had little intercourfe with any oth- 
 er foreigners, but thofe of the Eiigliili 
 nation. Their prejudice in favour of ev- 
 ery thing EngUfli, has been carefully kept 
 aiive by tories and others to this day. 1 
 Moft of their towns have now in their 
 polfeflion, Britifli drums with the arms of 
 the nation, and other emblems painted 
 on them, and fome of their fijuaws pre- 
 ferve the remnants of Britilh flags. They 
 ftill believe that " The Great King over 
 the water" is able to keep the whole 
 world in fubjecV-ion. The laad of the 
 country Is a common flock ; and any in- 
 dividual may remove from one part of it 
 to another, and occupy vacaat ground 
 where he can find it. The country is j 
 naturally divided into 3 diftriifls, viz- the [ 
 Upper Creeks, Lower and Mi-ddie Creeks, 1 
 and Scminoles. The upper diilricSl includes | 
 all the waters of the TallapooTee, Coofa- [ 
 hatchee, and Alabama rivers, and is called | 
 the Abbacoes. The Lower or Middle dif- j 
 tricl includes all the waters of the Chat- | 
 talroofee and Flint rivers, down to their 
 jundlion, and although occupied by a 
 great number of different tribes, the 
 whole are called Cowetaulgas, or Coweta 
 people, from the Cowetan town and tribe, 
 the moft warlike and ancient of any in 
 the whole nation. The Lower or South- 
 ern diftricft, takes in the river Appalachi- 
 cola, and extends to the point of E, Flori- 
 da, and is called the country of the Semi- I 
 noles. Agriculture is as far advanced with j 
 the Indians, as it can well be, without , 
 the proper implements of hufbandry, A j 
 very large majority of the nation being | 
 devoted to hunting in winter, and to j 
 war or idlenefs in the fummer, cultivate j 
 but fmall parcels of ground, barely futll- j 
 cient for fubfiftence. But many Individ- j 
 \ials, (particularly on Flint river, anaong I 
 the Chchaws, who poflcfs numbers of ne- | 
 groes) have fenced fields, tolerably well ' 
 cultivated : having no ploughs, they break j 
 lip the ground with hoes, and fcatter the ! 
 fecdpromifcuoufly over the ground in hills, j 
 hut not in rows. They raife horfcs, cat- j 
 tie, fowls, and hogs. The only articles ' 
 they manufad:ure are earthen pots and 
 pans, bafkets, horfe ropes or halters, ; 
 fmoaked icalher, black marble p'pei, ' 
 Yet. h O 
 
 wooden fpoons, and oil from acorns, hick- 
 ory nuts, and chefnuts. 
 
 Creeks Crojfing Place, on TenefTee river, 
 is about 40 miles E S E of the mouth of 
 Elk R. at the Mufcle flioals, and 36 S W 
 of Nickajack, in the Georgia weftern ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 Crcffirpjlurg, a poft town of Alleghany CO. 
 Maryland, 5 miles W of Cumberland. It 
 has a Methodifl church ; 155 miles from 
 Waflrington. 
 
 Creivfvllle, a poft town, Goochland co. 
 Virgiiiia, xi^ miles from Walliington. 
 
 CV/j, Big and Little. Two points on the 
 N. Shore on lake Superior,E of iile Grange, 
 U. Canada, and furrounded by i Hands ; 
 between thefe points is a noted and fafe 
 harbour. 
 
 Croix, St. a fmall navigable river in No- 
 va Scotia, which runs into the Avon, or 
 Pigiguit. See A-von. 
 
 Croix, St. a river which forms part of 
 the boundary line between the United 
 States and the Britiili province of N. 
 Brunfwick, and empties into PalTama- 
 quoddy bay. 
 
 Crcix, St. a river in the N. W. territory, 
 which empties into the MiiTifippi from 
 the N N E about jo miles below the falls 
 of St. Anthony. 
 
 Croix, St. or Sa/zta Cruz, an iOand in the 
 W. Indies, belonging to the king of Den- 
 mark, lying about 5 leagues S E of St. 
 Thomas, and as far E by S of Crab ifland, 
 v/hich lies on the E end of Porto Rico. 
 It is about 30 miles in length, and 8 where 
 it is broadeft, and is rather unhealthy. 
 It is faid to produce 30,000 or 40,000 
 hhds. of fugar, annually, and other W. 
 India commodities in tolerable plenty. 
 It is in a high ftate of cultivation, and has 
 about 3000 white inhabitants, and 30,000 
 flaves. A great proportion of the negroes 
 of this illand have embraced chriftianitv, 
 under the Moravian miiiionaries, whofe 
 influence has been greatly promotive of 
 the profperity of this iiland. N lat. 17 
 50, W Ion. 64 30. See i)^;«//S /F. Zia'ies. 
 
 Crocked IJland., one of the Bahama or 
 Lucayo illands, in the W. Indies. Tiit? 
 middle of the illand hes in N. lat. 23, W 
 Ion. 73 30. 
 
 Crooked Lake, in the GenefTee country, 
 communicates in an E by N dircdlion 
 with Seneca lake. 
 
 Crooked Lake, one of the chain of fmall 
 lakes which connects the lake of the 
 Woods with lake Superior, on the boun- 
 dary line between theU. States and Upper 
 Canada, reiuurkiible for it» rugged cUiJs, 
 
 in 
 
CRO 
 
 CRO 
 
 in cracks of wliic'i are a number of ar- 
 rows flicking. 
 
 Crocked R. m Camden co. Georgia, emp- 
 ties into the fea oppofite Cumberland iil- 
 and, 12 or 14 miJes N from the mouth 
 of St. Mary's. Its banks are well timber- 
 ed, and its courft is E by N. 
 
 Cr.',:'ksd R. a ftream about 40 miles in 
 length, in Cumberland co. Maine. Its 
 fource is in the plantation of Oxford or 
 No. 5, near the Ibutherly line of Bethel 
 in York co. a«d palfes an irregular N eaft- 
 erly courfe through Oxford. Waierford, 
 the S weflerly corner of Norway, and 
 through Otisiield and the S wefterly cor- 
 ner of Raymond, where It is joined by a 
 finall jflream which iilues out of Brandy 
 Pond, lying partly in Oti'>rield and partly 
 m. Raymond, and in this union flow into 
 the Great Sebakook pond. In this ftrcam 
 there is a great plenty of trout of an un- 
 common lize, weighing frcun 3 to 14 
 lbs. fome have been caught of 17 lbs- 
 weight. Walevtt. 
 
 Crofs Cape^ in Upper Can?.da, projeAs 
 from the N E fide of St. Mary's river, at 
 tiie outlet of lake Superior, oppofite the 
 falls, in N lat. 46 30, W Ion. 84 50. 
 
 Crofs Crecky a townfliip in Wailiington 
 CO. Pennfylvania, between SmithandHopc- 
 well on the Virginia line. It has 1677 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Crofs Creeks. See Fuyettev'dle. 
 
 Crrfi- Keys, a pofltown EfTex co. Virgin- 
 ia, 220 miFes from Walhington. 
 
 Crofs Roads, the rrame of a place in N. 
 Carolina, near Duplin court houfe, c?3 
 miles from Sampfon court houfe, and 23 
 from South Wafliington. 
 
 Cr(fs Roads, a vil'age in Kent co. Mary- 
 land, 2 miles S of Georgetown,on Saffafras 
 R. and is thus named from 4 roads which 
 iheet and crofs each other in the village; 
 
 Grofs Roads, a vill.ige in chefter co. 
 N. London townfliip. Pennfylvania, 
 where 6 different roads meet. It is 27 
 miles S E of Lancafter ; 1 1 N by W of 
 Elkton, in Maryland, and about 18 W N 
 W of Wilmington in Delaware. 
 
 Craffivicks, a village in Burlington co. 
 N» Jerfey ; through which the line of 
 ftages paifes from N. York to Philadel- 
 phia. It has a refpe^table Quaker meet- 
 ing houfe; 4 miles S W of Allen Town, 8 
 S E of Trenton, and 14 S W of EurUng- 
 ton. 
 
 Cretan R. a N eafiern water of Hudfon 
 R. rifcs in the town of New Fairfield, in 
 ConncdUcut,and running ilirough Duicli- 
 cfs CO. empties Into Tappan bay. Croton 
 
 bridge is thrown over tltis river 3 mirc# 
 from its mouth, on the great road to Al- 
 bany. This is a folid fubftantial bridge, 
 1400 feet long, the road narrow, piercing 
 through a Date hill. It is fupported by 
 16 ftone pillars. Here is an admirable 
 view of Croton falls, where the M'atcr 
 precipitates itfclf between 60 and 70 feet 
 perpendicular ; high flate banks, in fome 
 places 100 ftct ; the river fpreading into 
 three ftreams, as it enters tJie Hudfoji. 
 
 Croiv Creek, falls into the TcnelTcc, frojrt 
 the N W, ojipofite the Crow Town, 15 
 miles briow Nickajack Town. 
 
 Crotvhrnd ''toivufyp, in the county of 
 Lincoln, U.Canada, lies W of Willoughby, 
 and is watered by the Weliand. 
 
 Croivn Flint, a p(»ft: town in EfPcx eOs 
 N. York, fo called from the celebrated 
 fortrcfs, which is in it, and which was gar- 
 nfoned by Britilli troops, from the time 
 of its redudlion by Gen. Amhcrft, in 1759,. 
 till the late revolution. It was taken by 
 the Americans the i<th of May, 1775, 
 and retaken by the Britifli the year after. 
 The point upon which it was erected, by 
 the French in 1731, extends N into lake 
 Chnmplain. It was calFed Kruyn Fuvt, or 
 Scalp Foint, by the Dutch, and by the 
 French, Fohite a la Cheveleurc The for- 
 trefs they named Fort St. Frederick. Af- 
 ter it was repaired by the Britilh, it wa& 
 the mofl: regular and expcnfive of any 
 conflrucSVed by ihem in America. The 
 walls are of wood and earth, about 16 
 feet high, and about 20 feet thick, nearly 
 130 yards fqaare, and furrounded by .1. 
 deep and broad ditch, dug out of the folid 
 rock. The only gate opened on the N, 
 towards the lake, where was a draw bridge 
 and a covert way, to fecure a communi- 
 cation with the waters of tlie lake, in cafe 
 of a fiege. On the right and left, as you 
 cuter the fort, is a row of ftone barracks, 
 not inelegantly built, which are capable 
 of containing icoo troops. There were 
 formerly fcveral out works, which arc 
 now in ruins, as is indeed the cafe with 
 the principal fort, except the walls of the 
 barracks. The famous fortification called 
 Ticonderoga is 15 miles S of this ; but 
 that fortrcfs is alfo fo much demolifhed, 
 that a ftranger would fcarcely form an 
 idea of its original confVruclIon. The 
 town of Crown Point has no rivers; si 
 few ftreams, however, iffue from the 
 mountains, which anfwer for mills and 
 common ufes. In the mountains, which 
 extend the whole length of lake George, 
 and part of the length of lake Cbam^lain, 
 
 are. 
 
CUB 
 
 CUL 
 
 'arc plenty of moofe, deer, and almoft a!! 
 the other inhabitants of the forcft. It 
 contains 941 inhabitants. I'he fortiels 
 lies in N !at. 44 20, W Ion. 73 36. 
 
 Crijivs Meadozus, a rivcr in the N W 
 territory, which runs N w-cftvvard inlo 
 Jllinois R. oppofite to which are fine 
 aieadows. Its mouth is ao yards wide, 
 and 240 miles from the MifTuippi. It is 
 navigable between 15 and 18 miles. 
 
 Ci-oylen^ a townlliip in Cliclhire CO. N. 
 Hanipfliire, adjoining Cornifli, and about 
 18 miles N E of Charleftown. It was in- 
 corporated in 1763. In 1775, it contain- 
 ed 143, in 1790, J37, and in 1800, 984 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Cruces, a town of T. rra Fir ma, S. Amer- 
 ica, 5 leagues from Panama, and lituaced 
 on Chagre river. 
 
 Cruz, Santa, a confiderable town on the 
 N coaft: of the ifland. of Cuba, about 30 
 milts E by N of the Havapnah, and irj 
 N W by N of Cadiz. Alio the chief town 
 of Cuzumel iOand. 1 
 
 Crun:, Santa, a town of Mexico, or New 
 Spain, about 75 miles N by E of St. Sai- 
 vadore, on the Pacific ocean. It is fit^i- 
 ated on the gulf of Dulce, which commu- 
 nicates with the fea of Honduras. 
 
 Crux., Santa, De la Sierra, a government 
 ard generalfliip, alio a jurlfdi^tion and 
 billiopriclc, under the billiop of Charcas, 
 00 leagues E of Plata, in Peru. 
 
 Cruz, Santa, an illand in the W. Indies. 
 See St. Croix. 
 
 Cuba, is the mofl valuable illand of all 
 the Spanifli W. Indies, and is fituated be- 
 tween ao and 23 30 N lat. and between 
 74 and 85 15 W Ion. ico miles S of Cape 
 I'lorida, and 75 N of Jamaica ; and is 
 nearly 700 miles in length, and generally 
 about 70 in breadth. A chain of hills 
 runs through the middle of the ifland 
 fiom E to W, but the land near the fea is 
 in general level, and flooded in the rainy 
 fiiifon, when the fun is vertical. Tliis 
 noble ifland, the key of the W. Indies, is 
 rnppofed to have the befl: foil, for fo large 
 a country, of any in America, and con- 
 tains 38,400 fquare miles. It produces all 
 the commodities known in the W. Indies, 
 particularly ginger, long pepper, and other 
 i'piccs, calTia, fiftula, maflick, and aloes. 
 It alfo produces tobacco and fugar ; but 
 Jrom tjie want of hands, and the lazintfs 
 of the Spaniards, it docs not produce, in- 
 cluding all its commodities, fo much for 
 exportation as the Imail illrind of Antigua. 
 Not an hundredth part of the ifland is yet 
 flcared. Tht principal part of the planta- 
 
 tions are ©n the beautiful plains of Savan- 
 nah, and arc cultivated by about 25,000 
 fiaves. The other inhabitants amount to 
 about 30,000. The courfe of the rivers 
 is too fhort to be of any coni'cquence to 
 navigation; but there arc feveral good 
 harbours in the ifland, which belong to 
 the principal towns, as the Havannah, 
 St. Jago, Santa Cruz, and La Trinidad. 
 Befide the harbours of thcfc towns there 
 is Cumberland harbour. The tobacco 
 raifed here is laid to have a more delicate 
 flavour than any raifed in America. 
 There are a vafl number of fmall ifles 
 round this noble ifland, the channels fep- 
 arating vvhicli, as well as the rivers in the 
 ifland, abound with fifli. There are more 
 alligators here than in any other place in 
 the Weft Indies. In the woods are fome 
 very valuable trees, particularly cedars, 
 I fo large, it is laid, that canoes made of 
 ! them will hold 50 men. Birds there are 
 in great variety, and in number more 
 ' than in any of the other iflands. 'I'his 
 ; ifland was dil'covered by the famous 
 j Chriftopber Columbus, in 149a. It was 
 I taken poffcirion of by the Spaniards in 
 1511, aixl they loon exterminated the 
 mild and peaceable natives, to the amount 
 of 500,000. The hills are rich in mines, 
 and in fome of the rivers there is gold 
 dufl. The copper mines only are worked, 
 which arc in the ealtern part of the ifland. 
 Here are alfo fountains of bitumen. 
 
 Ciiiagua, an ifland of America, fituated 
 between that of Margaretta and Terra 
 Firma, fubjcc^ to Sp.'in, and is about 8 
 miles long. There are a number of pearls 
 got here, but not of the largeft fizc. N 
 lat. 10 15, W. Ion. 54 30. 
 
 Cuenca, Or Bamha. a city and confidera- 
 ble jurifditStion in the province of Q^iiio, 
 in Peru, under the toirid zone; lying in 
 ^5 3 49 S lat. Tiie town is coniptitcd to 
 contain 26,000 people ; and the weaving 
 of baize, cottons, &c. is carritd on by the 
 women, the men being averfe to labour, 
 and prone to all manner of profligacy. It 
 is fit^iattd on the river Curaray, or St. 
 Jago ; wliich, after many windings frt)m 
 W to E, falls at iafl into the rivcr Ama- 
 zon. The town flands at the foot of the 
 Cordillera mountains. It has tv/o con- 
 vents, and lies about r 70 miles S of Q^iiito. 
 Ciii^yte, a river in the ifl;ind of Cuba,. 
 which abounds with ailigniors. 
 
 Culiacaii, a provijice of Guadalajara, in 
 
 the audience of New Galici;t, in Mexico 
 
 or New Spain. It has Cinaloa on the N, 
 
 New Bifcay and the Zacatecas on the E, 
 
 Chiamctlan 
 
eu M 
 
 CUM 
 
 Chiameclan on the S, and the gulf of Cal- 
 ifornia on the W. It is 60 or 70 leagues 
 long and 50 broad. It abounds with all 
 forts of fruit. The great river La Sal in 
 this country is well inhabited on each fide. 
 According to Danipier, it is a fait lake, cr 
 bay, in which is good anchorage, though 
 it has a narrow entrance, and runs iz 
 leagues E, and parallel with the fliore. 
 There are fcveral Spanifli farms, and fait 
 ponds about '\i ; and 5 leagues from it are 
 two rich mine;?, worked by flavcs belong- 
 ing to the citizens of Compoftella. Here 
 alfo is another great river, whofe banks 
 are full of woods and paftures. On this 
 river, Guzman, who difcovcred the coun- 
 try, built a town, which he called Si. Mi- 
 chad., which fee. 
 
 Cu!pe{)pcr, a county in Virginia, between 
 the Blue Ridge and the tide waters. The 
 court houfe of this county is 45 miles from 
 Frederickfburg, and 95 from Charlottel- 
 vill-e. It is 60 miles in length, and 30 in 
 its greateft breadth. I'hough in fome 
 parts the lands are poor, and covered with 
 pine, they are generally cultivated and 
 fertile, producing wheat, tobacco, flax, 
 and potatoes. In fome parts are rich 
 meadows covered with timothy and clo- 
 ver. There are mineral fprings eflricacio,us 
 in removing bilious and fcorbutic com- 
 plaints. It contains 10,752 free people, 
 and about 7348 flaves. Chief town, Fair- 
 fax. 
 
 Culpepper, a pofi town in the above 
 CO. 76 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Cti77taria, or Comajia, the capital of New 
 Andalufia, a province of Terra Firma, S. 
 America. It fomctimes gives its name to 
 the province. The Spaniards built this 
 city in i j iO, and it is defended by a llrcmg 
 caftle. This town, fays Dampier, (lands 
 near the mouth of a great lake, or branch 
 of the fea, called Laguna de Carriaco, about 
 which arc feveral rich towns ; but its 
 mouth is fo fliallow that no fliips of bur- 
 den can enter it. It is fituated 3 leagues 
 S of the North Sea, and to the S W of 
 Margaretta, in about 10 20 N lat, apd in 
 64 20 W Ion. 
 
 Cumanagate, a fmall town in a bay on 
 the coaft of Terra Firma, in the province 
 
 )f Cuniana or Andalufi 
 
 It is fituated 
 
 on a low flat fhore, which abounds with 
 pearl oyflers. 
 
 Cumherlitndf a harbour in the ifland of 
 Juan Fcinandes. 
 
 Curihrrland, a harboUT on the S K part 
 #1? the ifiand of Cuba, and one of the fined 
 in the W. liiilicf, capable oi fhtltcrin;^ any 
 
 number of fliips. N lat. 20 30, W Ion, 
 76 so. It is ao leagues E from St. Jaga 
 de Cuba. 
 
 Citmberlandy an ifland on the coaft of 
 Camden co. Georgia, between Prince 
 William's found at the S end, and the 
 mouth of Great Satiila R at its N end, 
 and 20 miles S of the town of Frederica. 
 Before the revolution there were two 
 forts, galled William and St. Andrews, oa 
 this ifland. The former, at the S end, 
 commanded the inlet of Amelia's found, 
 was ffrongly pailifadoed and defouled by 
 8 pieces of cannon, and had barracks for 
 2CO men, ftorehoufcs, ^c. within the 
 pallifadoes were fine fprings of water. 
 
 Cumberland., a harbour on the E fide of 
 Wafliington's ilics, on the N W coaft of 
 N. A'nerica. It lies S of Skitikifs, and N 
 of Cummafli^waa. 
 
 Cumberland., a bay in the moff norther^ 
 p.nrt of America ; its mouth lies under the 
 polar circle, and runs to the N W and W, 
 and is thought to communicate with Baf- 
 fin's bay on the N. 
 
 Cumberland Houfe., one of the Iludlbn 
 bay company's factories, is fituated ia 
 New South Wales in N America, 158 
 miles E N E of Hudfon's houfe, on the SI 
 fide of Pine lilaud lake. N lat. $2> .S^ 41, 
 W Ion. 102 13. See Neffon ri'vcr. 
 
 Ci!t7ibcrland, a foxt ill N. Bfunfwick, fit-, 
 uatcd at the head of the bay of Fuiidy, 
 on the E fide of its northern branch. It 
 is capable of accommodating 300 men. 
 
 Cumberland, a county of N. Bruufwick, 
 which comprehends the lands at the head 
 of the bay of Fundy, on the bafon called 
 Chebetflpn, and the rivers which empty 
 into it. It has feyeral townfliips ; thofe 
 which are fettled arc Cumberland, Sack- 
 ville, Amherlt, Hiltfborough, and Hope- 
 well. It is watered by the rivers Au Lac, 
 Miffiquafli, Napan, Macon, Memram- 
 cook, Petcoudia, Chepodie, and Herbert. 
 The th.ree firfi rivers are navigable 3 or 4 
 miles for vefllls of 5 tons. The Napan 
 and Macon are flioal rivers. ; the Herbert 
 is navigable to its head, 12 miles, in boats ; 
 the others are navigable 4 or 5 miles. 
 
 Cumberland, a town of N. Brunfwick, in 
 the county of its own name. Here are 
 (oal mines. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in ?vTaine, lies E of York, 
 Kennebeck co. has tlic Atlantic ocean oi> 
 the S, and Canada on the N. Its fea coafl, 
 formed into niunerous bays ard lined w'itl\ 
 a multitude of fruitful idands, is nearly 40 
 miles in extent in a ftraight line. Saco 
 river, which runs S eafterly into ike Gcean, 
 
CUM 
 
 CUM 
 
 is tlie dividing line between this county 
 and York on the S W. Cape Etfeabeth 
 and Cafco bay are in this county. Cum- 
 berland is divided into 2,7 townll;ips, of 
 which Portland is tlte chief. It contains 
 37,921 inhabitants. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in N. Jerfey, is bounded 
 6 by Delaware bay, N by Gloucefter co. 
 5 E by Cape May, and W by Salem co. 
 It is divided into 7 towafliips, of which 
 Fairfield and Greenwich arc the chief; 
 and contains 95^9 inhabitants, of whom 
 75 arc flaves. 
 
 Cumberland, the N eafternmoft townfliip 
 of the flate of Rhode Ifland, Providence 
 CO. It contains 2056 inhabitants. In this 
 town is Diamond hill. A Mr. Blackflone, 
 of curious memory, was one of the iirft 
 fettlers of this town. 
 
 Cumberland Co.\n Pennfylvania,is bound- 
 ed N and N W by Mifflin ; E and N E 
 by Sufquchanna R. which divides it from 
 Dauphin ; S by York, and S Wby Frank- 
 lin CO. It is 47 miles in length, and 42 
 in breadth, and has 15 townfliips, of 
 which Carllfle is the chief. The county 
 is generally mountainous ; but between 
 North and South mountain, on each fide 
 (of Conedogwinet creek, there is an exten- 
 five, rich, aad well cultivated valley. It 
 (Contains 25,386 inhabitants. 
 
 Cumbcrland,twoio\\'ns in Green co. Penn- 
 fylvania, which have i'277 inhabitants. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in Fayette diftricb, N. 
 Carolina, contains 7608 inhabitants, of 
 whom 2007 are flaves. Chief tovvu,Fay- 
 etteville. 
 
 Cumberland, a towndiip of the above CO. 
 in N. Carolina. 
 
 Cumberland, a poft town, and the chief 
 fownfliip of Alleghany co. Maryland, lies 
 on the N bank of a great bend of Potcw- 
 mack R. and on botli fides of the mouth 
 of Will's creek. It is 148 miles W by N 
 of Baltimore, 109 mcafured miles above 
 Georgetown, and about 105 N W of 
 Wafliington city. Fort Cumberland ftood 
 formerly at the W fide of the mouth of 
 Will's creek. It contains about 100 
 houfes, a court houfe, ^ gaol, market 
 houfe, and 3 churches, one for Roman 
 Catholics, one for Methodifts, and one 
 for Gcrmaq Lpthcrans. Lat. 39 37 InF, 
 Jon. 3 44 W. 
 
 Cumberland Co. in Virginia, on the N fide 
 of Appainatox river, which divides it 
 from Prince Edward. It is 20 miles long 
 and ij broad, and contains 4127 inhab- 
 itants, I'he court houfe, wliere is a poft 
 pffice, ii^ 28 miles from Powhat^^n court 
 
 houfe, 52 from Richmond, and 583 from 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Cu?nberland Mountain^ occupies a part of 
 the uninhabited country of the ftatc of 
 TenelTee, between the diflridVs of Wafh- 
 ington and Hamilton and Mcro diftritSb; 
 and between the two firfl: named diftridls 
 and the ftate of Kentucky ; the N cafterly 
 part of the ridge being the dividing line 
 lictween Kentucky and Virginia. The 
 ridge is generally about 30 miles broad, 
 and extends from Crow creek, on Tencfi'ee 
 R. from S W to N E. In TenelTee it en- 
 larges in width to 50 miles, and with fo 
 level a furface it may be called the high 
 lands. The place where the Ttuclitc 
 breaks through the Great Ridge, called 
 the IVLirl or Suck, is 250 miles above the 
 Mufcle flioals. Limeflone is found on 
 both fides the mountain. The mountain 
 c<mfift$ of the mod: ftupendous piles of 
 craggy rocks of any mountain in the wtft- 
 ern country. In fevcral parts of it, it is 
 inacceflible for miles, even to the Indians 
 on foot. In one place, particularly, near 
 the fummit of the mountain, there is a 
 mofl: remarkable ledge of rocks of about 
 30 miles in length, and 200 feet thick, 
 fliewing a perpendicular face to the S E. 
 
 CumberlarJ R. called by the Indians 
 " Shawancc," and by the French " Shava- 
 non," falls into the Ohio 10 miles above 
 the mouth of Teneflee R. and about 24 
 miles due E from fort Malfac, and IH3 
 below Pittfourg. It is navigable for large 
 veflels to Nailiville in Tencifee, and from 
 thence to the mouth of Obed's or Obas R. 
 The Caney fork, which is 100 yards wide, 
 joins it 120 miles above Nailivilic, Har- 
 peth, Stones, Red, and Obed's, arc its 
 chief branches ; fome of them are navi- 
 gable to a great diflance. The Cumber- 
 land mountains in Virginia ieparate the 
 head waters of this river from thofe of 
 Clinch R. It runs S W till it comes near 
 the S line of Kentucky, when its courfe is 
 weflcrly, in general, through Lincoln co. 
 receiving many ftreams from each fide ; 
 thence ic flows S W into the ftate of 'Vtw- 
 efl'ee, where it takes a winding courfe, 
 inclofing Sumner, Davidfon, and Tcntllcc 
 counties ; afterwards it takes a N wcflcrn 
 dire<5tion and re-enters the ftate of Ken- 
 tucky ; and from thence it prefcrves near- 
 ly an uniform diftance from 'Fcncfiec R, 
 to its moutlij where it is 300 yards wide. 
 It is 200 yards broad at NaOivillc. From 
 the falls in Kentucky to the place wluic 
 it crofies the line into Tcnclfce, is moie 
 than«icc miles, thence to Nalliville is 200, 
 
 thence 
 
CUR 
 
 CUR 
 
 tV.ence to the Ohio is 300, It is there- 
 fore navigable without interruption more 
 than 500 miles. In pafTing through jMcro 
 diftri(5t:, its meanders form feveral peniu- 
 fiilas, 14 or 15 miles round, and about 
 one acrofs the inhmus. 
 
 CumbsrlandRi-ver, a place fo called , where 
 a port office is kept, in "i'cnciTee, 13 miles 
 from Cumberland mountain, and So from 
 the Crab Orchai'd in Kentucky. 
 
 Cumberland, a county of Kentucky, con- 
 taining 3048 inhabitants, of whom 236 
 are flaves. 
 
 Cumberland Gap, Claiborne co.TeneiTee, 
 lias a poft ofScc, 528 miles W of Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Cumberland Toiunjhip^ In U. Canada, lies 
 partly in the county of Stormont, and 
 partly in Dundas, and is the fixth town- 
 £hip in afccnding the Ottawa river. 
 
 Cinamefl-.aivasi or CurrKtaJba'waa, a foumi 
 and village on the E fide of Wafliington 
 illand, on the N W coafl of N.America. 
 The port is capacious and fafe, and its 
 mouth lies in 53 a 30 N lat. and in 1-38 
 h%W Ion. In this port Capt. Ingraham 
 remained fome time ; and he obferves, in 
 'his journal, that here, in dired: oppolttion 
 to moll other parts of the world, the 
 women maintained a precedency to the 
 men in every point ; infomuch that a man 
 dares not trade without the concurrence 
 of his wife ; and that he has often been 
 witnefs to men's being abufed for parting 
 •with fkins before their approbation was 
 obtained : and this precedency often oc- 
 cafioncd much difturbance. 
 
 Cr/mffTtfigim, a townfhip in Hampfhire 
 CO. Mafiachufctts, having 985 inhabitants ; 
 lying about 20 miles N W of Northampton. 
 
 Cunningham's JJland, in Upper Canada, is 
 Htuated at the W end «*f lake Erie, S 
 wefterly of the Bafs iflands, and foutheriy 
 cf Ship idand. 
 
 CuraJJou^ Ci'.raqoa, or Querifoa, an ifland 
 in the Weft Indies, belonging to the Dutch. 
 It is fituated in 12 degrees N lat. 9 or 10 
 leagues from the continent of Terra Firma, 
 is 30 miles long, and 10 broad. It feems 
 as if it were fated, that the ingenuity and 
 patience of the Hollanders lliould every 
 where, both in Europe and America, be 
 employed in fighting againlt an unfriendly 
 nature ; for the illand is not only barrt'n, 
 and dependent on the rains for its water, 
 but the harbour is naturally one of the 
 worft in America ; yet the Dutch have en- 
 tirely remedied that defect ; they have up- 
 on this harbour one of the largcft, and by 
 far the moft elegant and clear.ly towns in 
 
 the Weft Indies. The public buiIdiK»» 
 are numerous and handfome ; the private 
 houfes commodious ; and the magazines 
 large, convenient, and well filled. All 
 kind of labour is here performed by en- 
 gines ; fome of them fo well contrived, 
 that llaips are at once lifted into tlie dock. 
 Though this ifland is naturally barren, the 
 indulliy of the Dutch has brought it to 
 produce a confiderabie quantity both of 
 tobacco and fugar ; it has befide, good fait 
 v.uirks, for the produce of which there is a 
 brilk demand from the Englifh iflands, and 
 the colonies on the continent. But what 
 renders this ifland of moft advantage to 
 the Dutch, is tlie contraband trade which 
 is carried on between the inhabitants and 
 the Spaniards, and their harbour being the 
 rendezvous to all nations in time of war. 
 The Dutch fliips from Europe touch at 
 this ifland for intelligence, or pilots, and 
 then proceed to the Spanilh coafts for 
 trade, which they force with a ftrong hand, 
 it being very diflScult for the Spanilh 
 guarda coftas to take thefe veflels ; for 
 they are not only ftout fliips, with a num- 
 ber of guns, but are manned with large 
 crev/s of chofen feamen, deeply interefted 
 in the fafety of the veilel and the fuccefs 
 of the voyage They have each a fliare 
 in the cargo, of a value proportioned to 
 the ftation of the owner, fupphed by the 
 merchants upon credit, and at prime coft. 
 This animates them with an uncommon 
 courage, and they fight bravely, becaufe 
 every man fights in defence of his own 
 property. Befide this, there is a conftant 
 intercourfe between this ifland and the 
 Spanifli continent. CuralTou has nume- 
 rous wart houfes, always full- of the com- 
 modities of Europe and the Eafl: Indies. 
 Here are all forts of woollen and linen 
 cloth. Laces, filks, ribbands, iron utenfils, 
 naval and military ftores, brandy, the 
 
 I fpices of the moluccas, and the caficoes of 
 India, white and painted. Hither the 
 Dutch Weft hidia, which is alfo their Af- 
 rican company, annually bring three or 
 four cargoes of flaves ; and to this mart the 
 Spaniards themfclves come in fmall vcficls, 
 and carry oft" not only the beft of the ne- 
 groes, at a very high price, but great quan- 
 tities of all the above forts of goods ; and 
 the feller has this advantage, that the 
 
 I refufe of warehoufes and mercen' fnojjs, 
 and every thing that is grown unfalliioji- 
 able and unialeable in tlurope, go oiFhere 
 extremely well ; every thing being fufn- 
 ciently recommended bv its being Euro- 
 pean. The Spaaiards pay in gcid or fiiver. 
 
CVS 
 
 cus 
 
 coined of- in bars, cocoa, vanilla, jefuits 
 bai-k, cochineal, and other valuable com- 
 modities. The trade of CurafTou, even in 
 times of peace, is faid to be annually worth 
 to the Dutch, no leis than ^^.500,000 ; 
 but in time of war the protit is ftiil greater, 
 for then it becomes the common emporium 
 of the Wefi Indies ; it afFoi'ds a retreat to 
 fliips of all nations, and at tlie fame time 
 refufes none of them arms and ammunition 
 to deilroy one another. The irtercourfe 
 with Spain beirig then interrupted, the 
 Spaniih colonies have fcarcely any other 
 market from whence they can be well 
 fuppHed either with fiaves or goods. The 
 French come hither to buy the beef, pork, 
 corn, flour, and lumber, Vv'hich are brought 
 from the continent of N. America, or ex- 
 ported from Ireland ; fo that, whether in 
 peace or in war, the trade of this iiland 
 flouri flies extremely. The Dutch took 
 this ifland from the Spaniards in 163a. 
 
 Curiaco, a i)ay in Terra Firma, S. Amer- 
 i-ca, on the N. Sea. 
 
 Currituck Co. is fituatcd on the fea coaft 
 ©f Edenton difl;ri<5l, N- Carolina, and form* 
 the N E corner of the flate ; being bound- 
 ed E by Currituck found, N by the flate 
 of Virginia, S by Albemarle found, and 
 W by Camden co. containing 69x8 inhab- 
 itants, of whom 1530 are Haves. Difmal 
 fwamp lies in this county, on the 3 fide 
 of Albemarle found, and is now fuppofcd 
 to contain one of the moft valuable rice 
 eflates in America. In the mid ft of this 
 Difmal, which contains upwards of 
 350,000 acres, is a lake of about 11 miles 
 long and 7 miles broad. A navigable ca- 
 nal, ^o feet wide, and 5^ miles long, con- 
 nects the waters of the lake with the head 
 of Skuppernong river. About 500 yards 
 from the lake, the proprietors have erect- 
 ed feveral faw mills : and as the water of 
 the lake is higher than the banks of the 
 canal, the company can at any time lay 
 under water about ic,ooo acres of rich 
 fwamp, which prove^^ admirably fitted for 
 rice. For an account of the other Dif- 
 mal, fee Great Difmal. 
 
 Curritucly or Carutunk^ a fettlement in 
 Maine, 28 miles above Norridgewalk. 
 In 1792, this was the uppermofl: fettle- 
 ment on Kennebeck river, and then con- 
 fiftcd of about 20 families, in i8coof 136 
 inhabitants. 
 
 CtffcQ, the ancient capital of the Peru- 
 vian empire, in S. America, is (ituated in 
 the mountainous country of Peru, in 12 
 %S S bt. and 70 W Ion. and has long been 
 •H the decline. It is yet a very c^)uUder- 
 
 able place, having about 20,000 inhabit- 
 ants. This famous city was founded by 
 the firft Ynca, or Inca Mango, as the feat 
 and capital of his empire. Tlie Span- 
 iards, under Don Francifco Pizarrcs en- 
 tered and took polltffion of it in the year 
 1534. On a mountain contiguous to the 
 N part of the city, are the ruins of the 
 famous fort and palace of the Yncas, the 
 ftones of which are of an enormous mag- 
 nitude. Three fourths of the inliabitant* 
 are Indians, who are very induflrious in 
 manufa(5luriiig baize, cotton and leather. 
 They have alfo here, as well ^s at Quito, 
 a taflc for painting ; fome of their per- 
 formances have btcn admired even in Ita- 
 ly, and are difperftd all over S. America. 
 
 Cxjfootvilla, in E. Florida, is the capital 
 of the Alachua tribe of Indians, and (land* 
 in the moft pleafant lituation that could 
 be defircd in an inland country ; upon % 
 high, fwcUing ndge of fand hills, within 
 300 or 40 yards of a large and beautiful 
 lake, abounding with fifn and wild fowl. 
 The lake is terminated on one fide by ex- 
 tcnfive forefts, confifting of orange groves, 
 overtopped with grand magnolias, palms, 
 poplar, tilia, live oaks, &c. on the other 
 fide by extenfive green plains and mead- 
 ows. The town conftfts of 30 habitations, 
 each of which confifls of 2 houfes, nearly 
 of the fame fize, large and convenient, 
 and covered clofe with the bark of the 
 cyprefs tree. Each has a little garden 
 fpot, containing corn, beans, tobacco, and 
 other vegetables. In the great Alachua 
 Aivanna, about 2 miles diitant, is an in- 
 clofed plantation, which is worked and 
 tended by the whole community, yet 
 every family has its particular part. Each 
 family gathers and depofiis in its granary- 
 its proper fhare, fetting apart a fmall con- 
 tribution for the public granary, whick 
 ftands in the midftofthe plantation. 
 
 Cujhr.i, a fmall river which empties info 
 Albemarle found, between Chowan and 
 the Roanoke, in N. Carolina. 
 
 C:!jbe*unk Mountainsy in Hunterdon CO. 
 N. Jcrfey. 
 
 Cujlinv^-x townfhip in Lincoln co.Maine» 
 feparated froni Warren andThomaftown 
 by St. George's R. It was incorporated 
 in 1789, contains 1415 inhabitants, and 
 lies a 16 miles E by N of Boflcn. The 
 E part of this town is now St, Georges ; 
 2S miles S E of Wifcaffett. 
 
 d/Jl-ns, a fmall river in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, which runs a S E courfc to Cafco 
 b.iy, between the towns of Frecport and 
 North Yarmouth. 
 
 c*,j;taiy 
 
DAN 
 
 DAN 
 
 Cnjfiiahy an Indian town in the weftern 
 part of Georgia,! z miles above the Broken 
 Arrow, on Cattalioofee river. 
 
 Ciittiihunk, one of the Elizabeth IJlands, 
 ^\'hich fee. 
 
 Ctttts Ijland, a fmall ifland on the coafl 
 of York CO. Maine. See Ncddock R. Cape. 
 
 Cuzcatlaiu See Si. Sebaftan R. in New 
 Spain. 
 
 Cuzumely an ifland in the province of 
 Yuc'itan, and audience of Mexico, fituat- 
 cd in the bay of Honduras; 15 leagues 
 long, and 5 broad ; its principal tdwn is 
 Santa Cruz. N lat. 19, Ion. 87. 
 
 Cuya^ or Cutio, a provmce of Cbiii, in S. 
 America, and in the government of Santa 
 Cruz, in the Sierra* The principal com- 
 modities are honey and wax. The chief 
 town is St, John de Fronticra. 
 
 Cyprus S-cvamp, in Delaware ftate. See 
 J/iJian river. 
 
 D. 
 
 D 
 
 KdGSBOROUGH, a pcfl town in Suf- 
 fcx CO. Delaware, on the N \V bank of 
 Peper's creek, a branch of Indian river, 
 ai>d contains about 40 houfes. It i,s 19 
 Bfiiles from Broad hill, or Clowes', and 
 127 S from Philadelphia. 
 
 Daliony-A line towniliip in Berkfliire co. 
 Mailachufctts, having Pittsfield on the 
 W, and contains 859 inhabitants. The 
 fiage road from Boflon to Albany, runs 
 through it. Dalton was incorporated in 
 1784, and lies 135 miles W by N of Bof- 
 ton, and about t^^ the fame courfe, from 
 Northampton. 
 
 Dalton, a townfliip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, firfl called Apthorpc, was in- 
 corporated in 1784, and has 6z inhabit- 
 tanls. It lies on the E bank of Connec- 
 ticut R. at the 15 mile falls, oppoftte 
 Coocord, in EfTex co. Vermont. 
 
 Da-merifcntta Bay, Rkrer, and Pond, in 
 Maine. The Bay communicates with 
 Townfcnd harbour, or Booth bay ; the 
 i?/wr, which is navigable 15 miles, and on 
 •which are a number of mills, is fliort, 
 parallel with Sheepfcot river, E of it, and 
 divides the town of Booth bay from Brif- 
 tol, and rifes in Damerifcotta pond, which 
 is about 10 miles long, and a wide, and 
 ipreads betv/cen New CaOle and Waldo- 
 borough. 
 
 Bafffpiers Stra'rts, are l>etween the N E 
 point of New Guinea, and the S W point 
 of New Britain. S lat. 6 15, E Ion. from 
 Paris, 146. 
 
 Lufifd. coufiucrablc river of N.Carolina, 
 
 which unites with the Staunton, afid form* 
 the Roanoke. It might be rendered navp 
 igable with a fmall expenfe, 100 mile» 
 above its junclion Avith the Staunton, 
 The famous Bur fled hill ftands on the 
 bank of the Dan, in Virginia, near the 
 borders of N Carolina. It appears to 
 have been an ancient volcano. There are 
 large rocks of the lava, or melted matter, 
 from icoo to 1500 weight, lying on the 
 fummit of the hill. Tlie crater is partly 
 filled and covered with large trees. 
 
 Dana, a new town of Worcefter co. 
 Maflachufetts, formed from the corner* 
 of Greenwich, in Hampfliire co. and 
 Hard wick and Peterfliam in Worcefler co. 
 
 Danbiiry, a town in Grafton co. N,- 
 Hampfliire, containing 165 inhabitants. 
 
 Danhury, a port, town in tire co. of Fair- 
 field, in Conn^dticut. It was fettled in 
 1687, and the compact part of the town 
 contains % churches, a court houfe, and 
 about 60 dwelling houfes. On its fmall 
 ftreams are iron works, and feveral mills. 
 Mr. Lazarus Beac-h prefented to the 
 mufeum in New York city, a quire of 
 paper, made of the afljeftos, at his paper 
 mill in Danbury, March, 1792, which the 
 hotteft fire would not confume. It lies 
 about 70 miles N E of New York city, and 
 33 N W by W of New Haven. This 
 town, with a large quantity of mihtary 
 ftores, was burnt by the Eritifli on the 
 a6th of AprH, 1777. It has 3180 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 DanbyyZ. poft town in Rutland co. Ver- 
 mont, E of Pawlet, and contains 1487 ia- 
 habitant*, 32 miles N of Bennington. 
 
 Dattdrtdge, fo called in honor of the 
 maiticn name of Mrs. Wafliington, lady 
 of the late Prefidcnt Wafliington ; a port: 
 and county town of the co. of Jeiferfon, 
 TenefTte ; ^6$ miles W of Wafliington. 
 
 Daniel, Fort, on the northern lide of 
 Chalcur bay, is a commodious harbour 
 for veffels of a confiderable draught of 
 water. It affords a cod fifliery, and i* 
 about 9 leagues from Pato, W N W of 
 Cape Defpair. 
 
 Danijh America. In the W. Indies the 
 Danes poflefs the iflands of St. Thomas, 
 St. Croix, or Santa Cruz, and St. John's; 
 which are dcfcribed under their I'cfpcc- 
 tivc names. The Danifli policy, in refpeiTI: 
 to tlicir idands, is wife, and deferving of 
 imitation. Thefe iHands were ill man- 
 aged, and of little confcqucnce to the 
 Danes, whilit in the hands of an cxclufive 
 company; but fince the late king bought 
 up the company's flock, and laid the tr.nde 
 
 open. 
 
t> A H' 
 
 '^\3cn, the iflands have been greatly im- 
 "provecl. Santa Cruz, a perfetSt defert a 
 few years fince, has been brought to a 
 high (i'jitc of cultivation, producing annu- 
 nlly between ^o and 40,000 hhds. of fu- 
 gar, of upwards of 13 cwt. each, aiid con- 
 tains 3000 whites and 30,000 negroes. 
 By an cditSt of the Dariifli kirtg, no Haves 
 are t6 be imported iiito his iflands after 
 the year 1802 ; till then, their importa- 
 tion is eiicoUragcd by a law operating as 
 a bounty. Many of the Inhabitants of 
 Greenland, and ne^^roes of the Danifli W. 
 India iflands, have embraced Chriftianity 
 Under the Moravian milhonaries, who 
 arc unwearied in their humnne exertions 
 to promote the happinefs of thofe who 
 can beftow ho earthly reward. 
 
 Dan-vers, a townfliip in Effex co. Mafla- 
 chufetts, adjoining Salem on tlie N W, in 
 which it was forrherly comprehended by 
 the name of Salem village. It confifls of 
 two pariflies, and contains 2643 inhabit- 
 ants, and was incorporated in i 757. The 
 tnoft confidcraible and compact: fettlcment 
 '.0 it, is formed by a continuation of the 
 principal ftreet of Salem, which extends 
 more than a miles W toward the country, 
 having many workfliops of mechanics, 
 and feveral for retailing goods. Large 
 quantities of bricks and coarfe earthen 
 ■ware are manufadiured here. Another 
 pleafant and thriving fettlement is at the 
 head of Beverly R. called New Mills ; 
 where a few veflels are built and owned. 
 The town of Danvers receives an annual 
 compenfation of £.10 from the proprie- 
 tors of Eflex bridge, for the obftrucSlion 
 of the river. A flitting, tide mill, was 
 eretSted here in 1797. On the fame dam 
 are a grift mill, an anchor fliop, fcythe 
 fliop, whofe hammers are carried by wa- 
 ter ; and a Ihovel manufatSiory, eredtcd by 
 a number of merchants and others in Salem. 
 
 Danville, a thriving pof): towa in Pitt- 
 fyivania co. Virginia, lltuated on Dan 
 river, on the main road from Philadelphia 
 to the Moravian towns, N Carolina. 
 
 DiUfiville, a poft town of Northumber- 
 land CO. Pennfylvania, on the Sufquehan- 
 na, at the mouth of Mohoning creek, 
 12 miles above Northumberland, and 210 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Dari'ville, a poft town of Plttfylvania, 
 Virginia, on Dan river. In 1798, it con- 
 tained 16 dwelling houfes. It is a place 
 of confiderable bufinefs, having a tobacco 
 infpe<5lion, and feveral mills. It is 170 
 miles S W of Richmond, and 302 from 
 Wafliiogton. 
 Vol. I, R 
 
 DAR 
 
 Danville^ J4 thriving poft town in Mer- 
 cer CO. and formerly the metropolis of 
 Kentucky, pleafantly fituated in a large 
 fertile plain, on the S W fide of Dick's 
 R. 35 miles S S W of Lexington. It con- 
 lifts of about ^o houlcs, and a Preft)yte- 
 rlan church. From Leefburg to Dan- 
 ville, the country, for the firft 20 miles, is 
 of an inferior rate for lands in this coun- 
 try ; but round Lexington, and from 
 Leefburg to Lexington and Boonlborough, 
 is the richeft land in the country. It is 
 40 miles S by E of Frankfort, 83 from 
 Louifville, 201 from Hawkins in TenelTcc, 
 and 830 from Philadelphia. N lat. 3 7 30, 
 W Ion. 85 30. 
 
 DunvilUt a poft town in Caledonia co. 
 Vermont. It was a wildernefs, without ^o 
 much as a fingle family, a few years ago, 
 and now contains 1544 inhabitants. It 
 lies 8 miles N W of Barnet, 607 N E of 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Darby, a fmall town in Delaware co. 
 Pennfylvania, on the E fide of Darby- 
 creek. It contains about 50 houfes, and 
 a Quaker meeting houfe, and lies 7 mile» 
 S W by W of Philadelphia. There arc 
 two townfliips of this name, In the coun- 
 ty, called Upper and Lower, from their 
 relative lituation. 
 
 Darietty or Terra Firma Proper, is the 
 northern dlvllion of Terra Firma or Caf- 
 tile del Oro. It is a narrow ifthmus, that, 
 properly fpcaking, joins N. and S. Amer- 
 ica together \ but is generally reckoned 
 as part of , the latter. It is bounded on 
 the N by the gulf of Mexico ; on the 
 S by the South fea ; om the E by the river 
 or gulf of Darien, and on the W by anp- 
 ther part of the South fea and the prov- 
 ince of Veragua. It lies in the form of a 
 bow or crefcent, about the great bay of 
 Panama, in the South fea, and is 300 
 miles in length. Its breadth has generally 
 been reckoned 60 miles from N to S ; 
 but it is only 37 miles broad from Porto 
 Bello to Panama, the two chief towns of 
 the province. The former lies in N lat. 
 9 34 ZS-^ W Ion. 81 52 ; the latter in N 
 lat. 8 57 48, W Ion. 82. This province is 
 not the richeft, but is of the greateft im- 
 portance to Spain, and has been the fcenc 
 of more adlions than any other in Amer- 
 ica. The wealth of Peru is brought 
 hither, and from htnce exported to Eu- 
 rope. Few of the rivers in this country- 
 are navigable, having ftioals at their 
 mouths. Some of them bring down gold 
 duft ; and on the coaft are valuable pearl 
 jSihencs. Neither cf the oceans fall in at 
 
 ence 
 
DAR 
 
 DAR 
 
 once upon the fliore, but src intercepted 
 by a great many valuable iflands, that lie 
 fcattercd along the coaft. The iilands in 
 the bay of Panama are numerous : in the 
 guIfofDarien are thiee of confiderable 
 lize, viz. Golden ifland ; another, the 
 largefl of the three, and the ifland of 
 Pines ; befide fmaller ones. The nar- 
 rowefl part of the ifthmus is called fomc- 
 tlmes the iflhmus of Panama. The coun- 
 try about it is made up of low fickly val- 
 lics, and mountains of fuch ftupcndous 
 height, that they feem to be placed by 
 nature as eternal barriers between the 
 Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which here 
 approach fo near each other, that, from 
 thefe mountains, the waters of both can 
 be plainly feen at the fame time, and 
 fcemingly at a very fmail diftancc. The 
 rockv mountains licre forbid the idea of 
 a canal ; but by going into 12 N lat. and 
 joining the head of Nicaragua lake to a 
 fm.all river, which runs into the Pacific 
 ocean, a communication between the two 
 feas becomes praifticablc ; and by digging 
 30 miles through a level, low country, a 
 tedious navigation, of 10,000 miles, round 
 Cape Horn, might be faved. What would 
 be the confequences of fuch a junAion, is 
 not eafy to fay ; but it is very probable, 
 that, in a length of vears, fuch a jun(5lion 
 would wear away the earthy particles of 
 the iflhmus, and form a broad flrait be- 
 tween the oceans ; in which cafe, the 
 gulf flream v/ould ceafe, being turned into 
 a different channel ; and a voyage round 
 tlie world become an inconfiderable thing. 
 The Scotch nation had fo jufl: an idea of 
 the great importance of this iflhmus, that 
 they got pofleirion of a part of the prov- 
 ince in 1699, and though among the poor- 
 efl nations in Europe, attempted to form 
 an cflabliflimcnt more ufeful and of more 
 real importance, all the parts of the plan 
 confidered, than had perhaps ever been 
 undertaken by the greatcft nation in the 
 •world. The projev5lor and leader of the 
 Darien expedition was a clergyman, of 
 the name of Patcrfon. The rife, progrefs, 
 and cataftrophe, of this well conceived, 
 but ill fated undertaking, has been dc- 
 fcribed, in a very interefliai manner, by 
 Sir John Dalrymple, in the 20th vol. of 
 his memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 The fund fubfcribed, for carrying this 
 great projed: into efTecT:, amounted to 
 j^.900,000 fieri, viz. ;r.400,ooo fubfcribed 
 by the Scotch, £.^00,000 by the Englifli, 
 aDd.;C*^00,coo by the Dutch and Ham- 
 l>urghers. The Darien couacil aver, in 
 
 their papers, that the right of the compa-s 
 ny was debated before king William IIF* 
 in the prefence of the Spauidi Ambafl'aV 
 dor, before the colony left Scotland ; and 
 while the eflablilhment of the colony had 
 been in agitation, Spain had made no com- 
 plaints to England or Scotland againfl it. 
 In fine, of 1300 brave men, only 30 ever 
 furvived war, Ihipwrcck, and difeafe, and 
 returned to Scotland. The ruin of this 
 unhappy colony happened through tlie 
 fliameful partiality of William llf. andUic 
 jealoufy of the Englifli nat'on. The flrong 
 country, where the colony fettled and 
 built their forts, was a territory never 
 pofTefled by the Spaniards, and inhabited 
 by a people continually at war with them. 
 It was at a place called Adla, in the mouth 
 of the river Darien ; having a capacious 
 and ftrongly fituated harbour. The coun- 
 try they called New Caledonia. It was 
 ai)out mid way between Porto Bello and 
 Carthagena ; but near 50 leagues diftant 
 from either. 
 
 Dariaiy Gulf of, runs S eaflcrly into 
 Terra Firma. On the eafltrn fide of its 
 rtiouth, is the town of St. Stbaftian. 
 
 Datien, a pofl town in Mc Intofli co. 
 Georgia, by the heights of which glide* 
 the N. channel of Alataniaha R. about 20 
 miles above Sapclo I. and to below Fort 
 Harrington. It lies 47 miles S S W of 
 Savannah. N lat. 31 23, W Ion. 80 14. 
 
 Darling Ifland^ in U. Canada, is the larg- 
 efl of two ifiands at the entrance of lake 
 Simcoe. 
 
 Darlington^ a diflriiSl in S. Carolina ; 
 bounded S and S W by Lynch's creek. 
 It is about 'i,s miles long, and 21 broad. 
 At the court houfe is a pofl office. 
 
 Darlington Totunjhip^ in the county of 
 Durham, U. Canada, lies to the W of 
 Clarke, and fronts upon lake Ontario. 
 
 Dartmsitth College. See Hanover. 
 
 Dartmouth., a town in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfhire, N W of the foot of the White 
 Mountains ; ^^ miles N E of HaverhlM, 
 and 87 N weflcrly of Portfmouth. It 
 contained, in 1790, iii inhabitants, and 
 was incorporated in 1772. 
 
 Dartmouth, a thriving feaport town in 
 Brifiiol CO. MaflTachufetts, fituated on the 
 W fide of Accurtinet R. 62 miles fonth- 
 erly of Bofton. It was incorporated ia 
 1664, and contains 2fT6o inhabitants. N 
 lat. 41 iJ, Wlon. 70 52. 
 
 Dartmouth, a town in Elbert co. Geor- 
 gia, fituated on the peninfuh formed by 
 the confiucnce of Broad and Savannah 
 rivers, % miles from Fort James Dart- 
 
 . moutli 
 
DAtr 
 
 D AV 
 
 mouth, which is a mile bcLow Charlotte 
 Fort, which fee. The town and fort de- 
 rive their xiames from James, earl of 
 Dartmouth, whofe influence in the Britifli 
 councils obtained from the king, a grant 
 and powers to the Indian trading com- 
 pany in Georgia to treat with the Creeks, 
 for the territory called the New Purchafc, 
 ceded in difcharge of debts due to the trad- 
 ers. This trade contains about 2,600,000 
 of acres, lying upon the head of the Great 
 Ogechee, between the banks of the Sa- 
 vannah and Alatamaha, touching on the 
 Oconee, including all the waters of Broad 
 and Little Fvivers. This territory com- 
 prehends a body of excellent, fertile land, 
 well watered by innumerable rivers, 
 creeks, and brooks. 
 
 Dauphhi^ Fort^ a jurifdictioti, fort and 
 feaport town in the N part of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo. This divifion contains 5 
 pariflies. ks exports from Jan. I, 1789, 
 to Dec. 31, of the fame year, conhfled of 
 fugar, colFee, cotton, indigo, fpiriis, mo- 
 lafles, and tanned hides, in value 35,252 
 dolls. 13 cents. 'l"he town of Fort Dau- 
 phin is remarkable for a fountain con- 
 ftrucfled by the orders of M. de Marbols, 
 which coft 10,678 dollars, N lat. 19 41. 
 
 Dauphin.^ Fort. See Ha Braga. 
 
 Dauphin^ an ifland about lO miles long, 
 Jn the mouth of Mobile bay, 5 miles from 
 Mafl'acre I. with a flioal all the way 
 between them. Thcfe are fuppofed for- 
 merly to have been but one, and went 
 by the general name of Mafiacre, fo 
 called by Monf. d'lbberville, from a large 
 heap of human bones found thereon at 
 Lis landing. It was afterwards called 
 Dauphin I. The W end, a diflance of 
 between 3 and 4 miles, is a narrow Hip 
 of land with fomc dead trees ; the reft is 
 covered with thick pines, which come 
 clofe to the water's edge on the E lide^ 
 forming a large bluff. There is the re- 
 mains of an old French poft on the S fide 
 of the ifland, and of fome old houfes of 
 the natives. N lat. 30 10, W Ion. 88 7. 
 
 Daiiphhiy a fort in the ifland of Cape 
 Breton, round which the French had their 
 principal fettlement, before they built 
 Louifburg. 
 
 Dauphin Co. in Pennfylvania, was for- 
 merly contained in that of Lancafier, un- 
 til ered:edinto a fcparate county, March 
 4, I7<^5- Its form is triangular; its con- 
 tents 586,400 acres, and is furrounded 
 by the counties of Mifflin, Cumberland^ 
 York, Berks, and Northumberland. It is 
 divided into 9 townlLips, the chief of 
 
 v.hich is Harrlfburg ; the number of its 
 inhabitants 22,270. Nearly one half at 
 the land is under cultivation ; hut the 
 northern part is very rough and moun- 
 tainous. In ftveral of the mountains is 
 fotmd abundance of iron ore of the lirfl: 
 quality ; a furnace and forge have been 
 crciRied which carry on briikly the man- 
 ufavflure of pig, bar iron, &c. The flrft fet- 
 llers here were Irifli emigrants, who wtrc 
 afterwardsjoined bya number of Germans. 
 In the town of Derry, on the bank of Swa- 
 tara creek is a remarkable cavern ; its en- 
 trance is under a high bank, and nearly 20 
 feet wide, and about 8 or 10 feet in height. 
 It defcends gradually nearly to a level 
 with the creek. Its apartments are nu- 
 merous, of difxerent fizes, and adorned 
 with ftalacStites curioufly diverfified in 
 fize and colour. Near the foot of Blue 
 mountain is a mineral fpring, much cele- 
 brated by the country people for its effi- 
 cacy in removing rheumatic and other 
 I chronic diforders. 
 
 Dauphin R. a river of U. Canada, which 
 empties into lake Winnipeg on the W fide, 
 at the head of Martin's bay. Lat. 52 15 N. 
 
 Davtdfon, a county in Mero diftricSl, 
 TenelTee, bounded N by the ftate of Ken- 
 tucky, E by Sumner, and S by the Indian 
 territory. Its chief town, Nafliville, lies 
 on the great bend of Cumberland R. and 
 is watered alfo by the Harpith and Stones 
 rivers. TJie timber is remarkably large, 
 trees often meafure 8 or 10 feet diameter. 
 It contains 9620 inhabitants, of whom 
 2936 are flavcs. 
 
 Dai'idfon Co. fo called after Gen. William 
 Davidfon, who bravely fell in defence of 
 his country in the year 1780, oppofing 
 the paflage of Lord Cornwaliis' army 
 acrofs the Catawba R. is bounded S by 
 the Indian boundary, E by Sumner co. 
 and on the other fides by the counties of 
 Robcrtfon and Montgomery. It is wa- 
 ed by Cumberland, Flarpith, and Stones 
 rivers. 
 
 Dai'id^s Toivn, on the AfTanpink river,. 
 Hunterdon co. N. Jerfey, 10 or 12 miles 
 from Trenton. Between thefe towns a 
 boat navigation has lately been opened 
 by means, of three locks, eretStcd at a 
 confiderable expenfe. It is propofed to 
 render this river boatable 10 or 15 miles 
 further, in which diflance, no locks will 
 be neceflary. 
 
 Da-v'd's IJafid, Si. a parifli in the Bet' 
 muda ijlands, which fee. 
 
 Davijhurgy a poft town in Chriftian C0» 
 Kentucky, 816 milts W of Wafliington. 
 
 Daw 9 
 
DED 
 
 BEE 
 
 3avh\ Strait, a narrow fea, lying be- 
 tween the N main of America, and the 
 vreftern coaft of Greenland ; running N W 
 from Cape Farewell, lat. 60 N, to Baffin's 
 bay in 80. It had its name from Mr. 
 John Davis, who firfl; difcovered it. It 
 extends to W Ion. 75, where it; commu- 
 nicates with Baffin's bay, which lies to the 
 N of this ftrait, and of the North Main, 
 or James's ifland. See Bajjins bay. 
 
 Daivfiijhee, an idand on the coafi; of S. 
 Carolina, which forms the N E fide of 
 the entrance of Savannah R. and 8 W 
 fide of the entrance of Broad R. and ad- 
 mits of an inland, cojnmunicatipu between, 
 the two rivers. 
 
 Baxabm^ Dajnhon, or Bahahcn, which the 
 French call Laxahon, is a town and fettlc- 
 ijient of Spaniards on the line between 
 the French and Spanilh divilions of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo. It wa^ fettled to 
 prevent fmuggUng, when the Spaniards 
 had their fhare of the ifland. It is bound- 
 ed E by the territory of St. Yago, N by 
 the extremity of the bed of the Great 
 Yaqui, and the bay of Mancenill'a, W by 
 the river and little i.lland of IV^alTacre. Il; 
 contains about 4000 perfons. The tovirn 
 ftands 400 fathoms from the E bank of 
 JMaflTacre R. more than 80 leagues N \V 
 of St. Domingo, and 28 W of St. Yago. 
 1n[ lat. 19 32, W Ion. from Paris 74 9, 
 
 Days Point., on Jamcs R. in Virginia. 
 There is a pIantat;iQn here of about icoo 
 acres, which at a dift^nce appears as if 
 covered with fnow ; pccafioned by a bed 
 of clam fliells, which by repeated plough- 
 i|ng have become fine, and mixed with the 
 earth. 
 
 Dayton, a tQwnflilp at tb? xnoutb, of 
 Mad river^ in the N. W. territory. 
 
 De Bars Blanc, zn ifland belonging to the 
 N. W. territory, a voluntary gift of the 
 Chlpeway nation to the United States, at 
 the treaty of peace concluded by gen. 
 Wayne at Greenville, in 179.J. 
 
 Dead Chejl Ifland, one of the fmaller 
 Virgin ifles, iituated n^ar the E end of 
 [feter's ifland, and W of that of Cooper's. 
 
 Deadi}ians Bay, on the E fide of New- 
 foundland ifland, lies S of St. John's har- 
 \50ur, and N W of Cape Spear. 
 
 Dedham, a poft town, and the capital of 
 Norfolk CO. MafTachufetts, called by the 
 aboriginals Tiot, and by the flrfl feitlers. 
 Clapboard Trees ; one of the parifiies flill 
 retains this name. 'I'he townfiiip was 
 incorporated in 1637, is 7 miles in length, 
 and 6 in breadth, and contains 1973 in- 
 habitants. Its public buildings are 3 con- 
 
 gregational churches, an epifcopal churc^,i 
 a court houfe, and gaol. It is pleafantly- 
 fituated, 1 1 miles S W of Bofton, on Charles 
 R. A fmall ftream furnilhes water mol^ 
 part of the year to a grift mills, 2 faw mills,, 
 2 fulling mills, and a leather mill, all in the 
 fpace of three quarters of a mile, and joins 
 Neponfit ^. on the borders of Milton. 
 A wire manufa6tory is erected here, for 
 the ufe of the fiilihook and card manufac- 
 turers in Bofton. 
 
 Dual, in Monmouth co. N. Jerfey, about 
 7 miles fouthward of Shrewlbury. This 
 place is the refort of great numbeis of 
 people from Philadelphiaj in fummer, for 
 health and pleafore. 
 
 Deep Spring, in the ftate of N. York, is a, 
 curioflty, and lies on or near the road, 
 about 9 miles S of Oneida lake, at the head 
 of Chittenengo creek, and 10 miles S W of 
 Oneida caftle. 
 
 Deep R. inN.Carplina,rifes in Wachovia,^ 
 and unites with Haw R. and forms the N' 
 W branch of Cape Fear river. 
 
 Deerfield, a poft town in Cumberland co,^ 
 N. Jerfey, 178 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Deerfeid R. or the Pocomtic, rifes in Strat-- 
 ton, in Bennington co. Vermont, and after 
 receiving a number of ftieams from th^ 
 adjoining towns, unite, on entering Maf- 
 fachufetts ; thesce winding in an E direc- 
 tion, it receives North R. and empties in-, 
 to ConneAicut R. between the townfliips 
 of Greenfield and Deerfield, where it is 
 about 15 rods wide. Excellent tradls of 
 meadow ground lie on its banks. 
 
 Denfeld, 3. very pleafant poft town in 
 Hampfliire co. Maflachufctis, on the W 
 bank of Connecticut R. from which the 
 compa(5t part of the i:pwn is feparated by 
 a chain of high hills. It is in the midft of 
 a fertile country, and has a fmall inland 
 trade. The compa<ft part of the town has^ 
 from 6c to 100 houfes, principaily on one 
 ftreet, and a handfome congregational 
 church. It has 1531 inhabitants ; 17 miles^ 
 N of Northampton, and 9a N by W of 
 Boflon. The houfe in which the Rev. Mr. 
 Williams and his family were captivated 
 by the Indians in the early fettlement of 
 this to\vn, is ftill ftanding, and the hole in 
 the door, cut by the Indians with their 
 hatchets,, is ftill iliewn as a curiofity. An 
 academy, incorporated in 1797, by the. 
 name of " The Deerfield Academy," is 
 eftabliftied in this town. It is 430 miles^ 
 N E of Wathington. 
 
 Deerfield, a well fettled agricultural fiowr^^ 
 in Rockingham co. N. Hampfhire, and was 
 a part pf the tuwnftiip of Nottingham, \% 
 
 miles 
 
BEL 
 
 DEL 
 
 fnil.e* S E of Concord, and 35 N W of 
 J^ortfmouth. It contains 1878 inhabitants, 
 .and was incorporated in 1766. 
 
 Deer JJland, an illand and townflu'p in 
 Fenobfcet bay, in Hancock co. Maine, 
 containing 1094 inhabitants. It was in- 
 corporated in 1789, and lies about 8 miles 
 S E Qf Caf^lne. 
 
 Deer, an iiland in Paflamaquoddy ]>ay. 
 
 Deering, a townfliip in Hilifborough co. 
 N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 1774. It 
 contains 1244 inhabitants, and lies 15 
 jniles S W of Concord, and 54 miles W of 
 jPortfraouth. 
 
 Def.ance, a fort in the (late of Ohio, fit- 
 uated on the point of land formed by the 
 confluence of the rivers of Au Glaize, and 
 the Miami of the lake, nearly half way 
 between Fort Wayne on the Miami, and 
 lake Erie. N lat. 41 41, W Ion. 84 43. 
 
 De La March, a weftern water of Illi- 
 nois R. in the N W territory. It is 30 
 -yards wide, and navigable 8 or 9 miles. 
 
 Delamatteiwos, an Indian tribe, in alliance 
 with the Delawares. 
 
 De La War, a town in King William's 
 CO. Virginia, fituated on the broad penin- 
 fula formed by the confluence of the Pa- 
 munky andMattapony. The unitedftream 
 thence alFumes the name of York R. It 
 lies 20 miles N by W of Williamlburg, in 
 M lat. 3731 W. 
 
 Dila-ware Bay and R'mer. The bay is 
 60 miles long, from the cape to the en- 
 trance of the river, at Bombay Hook ; and 
 occupies a fpace of about 650,000 acres ; 
 and is fo wide in fome parts, as that a fliip, 
 in the middle of it, cannot be feen from 
 the land. It opens into the Atlantic N W 
 and S E, between Cape Henlopen on the 
 right, and Cape May on the left. Thefe 
 capes are 18 or xo miles apart. Delaware 
 R. was called Chihohocki by the aborigi- 
 nals, and in an old Nurenbergmap is nam- 
 ed Zuydt R. It rifes by two principal 
 branches in N. York ftate. l"he northern- 
 ^noft of which, called the Mohawk's or 
 Cookquago branch, rifes in lake Utfayan- 
 the,lat. 42 25, and takes a S W courfe, and 
 turning S eaftwardly,it crofles the Penn- 
 fylvania line in lat. 42 ; about 7 miles from 
 thence, it receives the Popachton branch 
 from the N E, which rifes in the Kaats Kill 
 mountains. Thence it runs fouthwardly, 
 imtii it ftrikes the N W corner of N.Jerfey, 
 in lat. 41 24 ; and then pafies ofl' to fea 
 through Delaware bay ; having N. Jerl'ey 
 i!-, and Pennfylvania and Delaware W. 
 The bay and river are navigable from the 
 (ea up to tlie great or lower falls at Tren- \ 
 
 ton, 155 miles; and are accommodated 
 with buoys and piers for the direcSlion and 
 fafety of llvips A 74 gun fliip may go up 
 to Philadelphia, 120 miles by the fliip 
 channel from the fea. The diftance acrofs 
 the land, in a S^E courfe, to N. Jerfey coaft, 
 is but 60 miles. Sloops go t,5 miles above 
 Philadelphia, to Trenton falls ; boats that 
 carry 8or 9 tons,ico miles farther, and hi- 
 dian canoes 150 miles, except feveralfmall 
 falls or portages. For ether particulars 
 relating to this river. See Henlopen, Mayy 
 Bombay Honk, Reedy I. Schuyllill, Lehigh, &.C. 
 It is in contemplation to conned; the wa- 
 ters of Chefapeak bay with thofe of Del- 
 aware R. bv 4 different canais, viz Elk R. 
 \vith Chrifkiana creek ; Broad creek, an- 
 other branch with Red Lion creek ; Bo- 
 hemia, a third branch of the Elk, with 
 Apoquinemy creek ; and Chefter R. with 
 Djjck creek. 
 
 Delwware, a fmall river of Eafl Florida. 
 
 See Charlotte Haven, 
 
 Delaivare, one of the tJnited States of 
 N. America, is fituated between 38 29 30, 
 and 39 54 N lat. and between 75 and 75 
 48 W Ion. being in length 92 miles, and 
 in breadth 24 miles ; containing 2000 
 fquare miles, or 1,200,000 acres. It is 
 bounded E by the river and bay of the 
 fame name, and the Atlantic ocean ; on 
 the S by a line from Fenewick's illand, in 
 N lat. 38 29 30, drawn W till it interfeds 
 what is commonly called the tangent line, 
 dividing it from the ftate of Maryland ; 
 on the W by the faid tangent line, pafling 
 northward up the peniniula, till it touch- 
 es the weftei-n part of the territorial cir- 
 cle ; and thence on the N by the faid cir- 
 cle, defcribed with a radius of 12 miles 
 about the town of Newcaflle, w^hich di- 
 vides this ftate from Pennfylvania. This 
 ftate derived its name from Lord De La 
 War, v.^ho was inftrumental in eftabhfli- 
 ing the firft fettlement of Vii ginia. It is di- 
 vided into 3 counties, Newcaftle, Kent, and 
 Sufl'ex ; whofe chief tovvmis are Wilming- 
 ton, Newcaftle, Dover and Lewes. Do- 
 ver is the feat of Government. T he num- 
 ber of inhabitants is 64,273, of whom 6153 
 are (laves. The eaftern fide of the ftate is 
 indented witha large number of creeks, or 
 fmall rivers, which generally have afliort 
 courfe, foft banks, numerous flioals, and 
 are Ikirted with very extenfive marfties, 
 and empty into the river and bay of Dei- 
 aware. In the foutliein and weftern 
 parts of this ftate, fpring the h^vA waters 
 of Pocomoke, Wicomico, Nanticoke, 
 Choptank, Chefter, Saflafras and Bohemia 
 
 rivers, 
 
DEL 
 
 DEL 
 
 firers, all falling into Chefapeak bay ; 
 fome of them are navigable 20 or 30 iniles 
 into the country, for vefTels of 50 or 60 
 tons. Tlxe ftate of Delaware, the upper 
 parts of the county of Newcaflle except- 
 ed, Is, to fpeak generally, low and level. 
 Large quantities of ftagriant water, at 
 particular feafoiis of the year, overfpread- 
 sng a great proportion of the land, render 
 it equally unfit for the purpofes of agri- 
 culture, and injurious to the health of the 
 inhabitants. I'he fpine, or highefl: ridge 
 of the peninfula, runs through the ftate of 
 Delaware, inclined to the eafcern or Del- 
 aware fide. It is dellgnated in Suli'ex, 
 Kent, and part of Newcaflle co. by a re- 
 markable chain of fwamps, from which 
 the waters defcend on each fide, palling on 
 the eaft, to the Delaware, and on the welt 
 to the Chefapeak. Delaware is chiefly au 
 agricultural ftate. It includes a very fer- 
 tile tra(5t of country ; and icarcely any 
 part of the United States Is better adapt- 
 ed to the diiFercnt purpofes of agriculti:re, 
 or in which a greater variety of the mofl 
 Tifeful produdtions can be fo conveniently 
 and plentifully reared. The foil along 
 the Delaware river, and from 8 to 10 
 iniles into the Interior country, is gener- 
 ally a rich clay. From thence to tlic 
 iwamps abovementioned, the foil is light, 
 iandy, and of an inferior quality. Except- 
 ing fome of the upper parts of the county 
 of Newcafcle, the furface of the ftate is 
 very little broken or irregular. The 
 heights of Chriftiana are lofty and com- 
 manding ; fome of the hills of Brandywine 
 are rough and flony ; but dcfcending 
 .from thefe, and a few others, the lower 
 country is fo little diverfified as almoft to 
 form one extended plain. In the county 
 of Newcaftlc the foil confifts of a flrong 
 clay ; in Kent, there is a coniiderable 
 anixture of fand ; and in Suflex, the quan- 
 tity of fand altogether predominates. 
 Wheat grows here in fuch perr£tT:ion as 
 jiot only to be particularly fought by the 
 manufatSlurers of flour throughout the 
 Union, but alfo to be diflinguiflred and 
 preferred, for its fuperior qualities, in 
 foreign markets. This wheat poffeiles aii 
 uncommon foftnefs and whitenefs, and 
 makes the beft fuperline flour, and in 
 other refpecls far exceeds the hard and 
 flinty grains raifed In general on the high- 
 er lauds. Eefide wheat, this ftate gene- 
 rally produces plentiful crc>ps of Indian 
 ecru, barley, rye, c.ts, flax, buck wheat, 
 and potatoes, and ,the various kinds of 
 i:uit in great perfection. It abounds in 
 
 natural and artificial meadows, containing 
 a laige variety of graffes. Hemp, cotton, 
 and lilk, if properly attended to, doubtiefs 
 would fiourifli very weU. The county of 
 Suflex, has excellent grazing lands. From 
 It alfo are exported very large quantities 
 of lumber, obtained chiefly from an 
 extenhve iwamp, called the Indian R. or 
 Cyprcis Swamp, lying partly within this 
 ftate, and partly in the ftate of Marvland. 
 This moral's extends 6 miles from E to W, 
 and nearly 12 frcmi N to S, including an 
 area of nearly 50,000 acres of land. The 
 whole of this fwam.p is a high and level 
 baion, very wet, though undoubtedly the 
 Mgheft land between the fea and the bay, 
 whence tlie Pokomoke defcends on one 
 fide, and Indian R. and St. Mai tin's on the 
 other. This fwamp contains a great vari- 
 ety of plants, trees, wild beafts, birds and 
 reptiles. Almoft the whole of the foreign 
 exports of Delaware are from AVllming- 
 ton : the trade from this ftate to Philadel- 
 phia is great, being the principal fource 
 whence that city draws its ftaple commod- 
 ity. No lefs than 265,000 barrels of flour, 
 300,000 bufliels of wheat, 170,000 bufli- 
 els of Indian corn, befide barley, cats, 
 flaxfeed, paper, flit iron, filufF, faltcd pro- 
 vlfions, he. &.C. to a very confiderabie 
 amount, are annually fent from the wa- 
 ters of the Delaware ftate ; of which the 
 Chrlftiana is by far the moft prcdudllve, 
 and probably many times as muchfoasany 
 other creek or river of like magnitude in 
 the Union; 245,000 barrels of flour, and oth- 
 er articles, to the amount of 8opoo dolls, 
 more, being exported from this creek ; of 
 which, to the value of 550,000 dollars, are 
 manufadiured on Its northern bank, with- 
 in two or three miles of the navigation. 
 Among other branches of induftry exer- 
 cifed In and liear.Wiiir.ington, are a cot- 
 ton manufac'tory ; a bolting cloth manu- 
 factory has lately been eftablifl^.ed by an 
 ingenious European ; both of which liavc 
 promlfed fair to be a lafting ad\ antage to 
 the couhtry. In the county of Newcaflle 
 arefeveralfuUingraills, afnuffnillls,! fliling 
 rnill, 4 paper jnilis, and 60 mills for grind- 
 ing grain, all of which are turned by wa- 
 ter. But though Wilmington and its 
 neighbourhood are probably already the 
 greateft feat 6f manuiadlures in tlic U. S. 
 yet thcr are capable of being much im- 
 provcd'iu this refpecV, as the country Is 
 hilly and abounds with running water ; 
 the'Srandyvvine. alone might, with a mod- 
 erate expenfe, when compared with the 
 objedt, be brought to the top of the hill 
 
 upou 
 
DEL 
 
 BEL 
 
 iipon which Wih-nlngton is fituated, 
 whereby a fall fufficient for forty mills, 
 in addition to thofe already built, would 
 be obtained. The leglfiature, during tlieir 
 feliion in January 1796, palTed an adt to 
 create a fund for the cftablifliinent of 
 fchools throughout the ftate. The manu- 
 fafilure of flour is carried to a liigher de- 
 gree of perfecliv^n in this ftate than in any 
 other in the Union, Eefule the well 
 conllruftcd mills on Red clay and White 
 clav creeks, and other ftrcams in dif- 
 ferent parts of the ftate, the celebrated 
 collection of mills at Brandywine merit a 
 particular defcription. Here are to be 
 feen, at one view, iz merchant mills (bc- 
 fide a faw mill) which have double that 
 number of pairs of flones, all of fuperior 
 dimenfions, and excellent conftrucSlion. 
 Thefe mills are 3 miles from the mouth of 
 the creek on which they ftand, half a 
 mile from Wilmington, and 27 from Phi- 
 ladelphia, on the pofl: road fronTthe caft- 
 ern to the fouthern dates. They are call- 
 ed the Brandywiue mills, from the flream 
 on which they are ere(5led. This flream 
 rifes near the Welcli mountains in Pcnn- 
 fylvania, and after a winding courle of 30 
 or 40 miles through falls, which furnifli 
 numerous feats (130 of which are already 
 occupied) for every fpecies of water works, 
 empties into Chriftiana creek, near Wil- 
 mington. The quantity of wheat manu- 
 fa;flured at thefe mills, annually, is not 
 accurately afcertainvod. It is eftimated, 
 however, by the beft informed on the fub- 
 je'ft, that thefe mills can grind 400,000 
 bufliels in a year. But although they are 
 capable of manufacfturing this quantity 
 yearly, yet from the difficulty of procur- 
 ing a permanent fupply of grain, the infta- 
 bilitv of the flour market and other cir- 
 cumflances, there are not commonly mor(^ 
 than from about 290 to 300,000 buOnels 
 of wheat and corn mmufaiElured here 
 annually. In the fall of 1789, and fpring 
 of 1790. there were made at the Brandy- 
 wine mills 50,000 barrels of fuperfine 
 flour, 1354 do. of common, 400 do. mid- 
 dling, as manv of fliip ftufF, and 2000 do. 
 corn meal. The quantity of wheat and 
 corn ground, from which this flour, &c. 
 was made, was 308,000 bufliels, equal to 
 the export in thofe articles from the nort 
 of Philadelphia for the fame year. Thefe 
 mills give employment to about ^200 per- 
 fons, viz. about 40 to tend ^he m'lls, from 
 50 to 70 coopers to make cafks for the 
 flour, a fuihcient number to man 12 Hoops 1 
 of about 30 tons each, which are employ- 1 
 
 ed in the tranfportation of the wheat and 
 flour, the reft in various other occupation* 
 connected with the mills. The naviga- 
 tion quite to thefe mills is fuch, that a 
 veilel carrying looo bufliels of wheat 
 mnj be laid along fide of any of thefe 
 mills; and befide fome of them the water is 
 of uifHcient depth to admit veflels of twice 
 the above fize. The vcfiels are unloaded 
 vvith aftonilhing expedition. There have 
 been inftanccs of icoo bufl\els being car- 
 ried to the height of 4 (lories in 4 hours. 
 It is frequently the cafe that ve/Tels with 
 1000 bufliels of \Theat come up with flood 
 tide, unlade and go away the fucceeding" 
 ebb with 300 barrels of flour en board. 
 Inconfeauence of the machines introduc- 
 ed by the ingenious Mr. Oliver' Evans, 
 4ths of the manual lalx)ur before found 
 neoeflaiy is now fufficient for every pur- 
 pofe. By means of thefe machines, when 
 made ui^e of in the full extent propofed 
 by the inventor, the wheat will l>e receiv- 
 ed on the {liallop's deck, thence carried to 
 the upper loft of the mill, and a confidera- 
 ble portion of the fame returned in flour 
 on the lower floor, ready for packing, 
 without the aiTiilance of manual labour 
 but in a very fmall degree, in proportion 
 to the bufinefs done. The tranfportation. 
 of flour from the mills to the port of Wil- 
 mington, docs not require half an hour ; 
 and it is frequently the cafe that a cargo 
 is taken from the mills and delivered at 
 Philadelphia the fame day. The fitua- 
 tionof thefe mills is very plcafant and 
 healthful. The firft mill was built here 
 about 60 years fince. There is now » 
 fmall town of 40 houfes, principally ftone 
 and brick, which, together with the mill» 
 and the veOets loading and unloading be- 
 fide them, furniili a charming profpec^ 
 from the bridge, from whence they are all 
 in full view. Befide the wheat and flour 
 trade, this ftate exports lumber and vari- 
 ous other articles. The amount of ex- 
 ports for the year ending September 30th, 
 1 791, was T19.878 dolls. 93 cents; do. 
 1792,133,072 dolls. 27 cents; do. 1793, 
 93,559 dolls. 45 cents ; do. 1794, 207,985 
 dolls. 33 cents ; do. 1795, 158,041 dolls. 
 21 cents ; da. 1801, 440,504 dolls. In this 
 ftate there is a variety of religious denom- 
 inations. .Of Prefbvterians there are 24 
 churches ; of Epifcopalians 14 ; of Bap- 
 tilts 7 ; of'!^.Trt]-.odifts, a confidcrable num- 
 ber, erpccialiv in the two lower counties 
 of Kent and SulTex ; the number of their 
 churches is not exactly afcertained. Be- 
 fide theiu there is a Swedifii cluirch at 
 Wiimiogtoa, 
 
DEL 
 
 15 EM 
 
 Wilmington, which is one of the oldeft 
 churches in the United States. There are 
 few minerals in this ftatc, except iron ; 
 large quantities of bog iron ore, very fit 
 for caft:ings,are found in Suflex co. among 
 the branches of Nantiroke R. Before 
 the revolution this ore was worked to a 
 great amount • but this buiinefs has fiuce 
 declined. Wheat and lumber are the fba- 
 ple commodities of this ftate. The other 
 articles of produce and manufadlure, are 
 Indian corn, barley, oats, flaxi'eed, faked 
 provifions, paper, flit iron, ftiufF, &c. Set- 
 tlements were made here by the Dutch a- 
 bout the year 1623, and by the Swedes 
 about the year 1627. Their fettlements 
 were comprehended in the grant to the 
 cluke of York ; and William Penn united 
 them to his government by purchafe. 
 They were afterwards feparated, in fome 
 meafure, from Pennfylvania, and denomi- 
 nated the Three Loiver Cou?ities, They 
 Iiad their own afTembaes, but the gover- 
 nor of Pennfylvania ufed to attend, as he 
 did in his own proper government. At 
 the late revolution, the three counties 
 were erected into a fovereign ftate ; and 
 have eftablillied a republican confiitu- 
 tion. \ 
 
 Belaivare Co. in Pennfylvania, is S W of 
 Philadtlphia co. on Delaware R. It is 
 about 21 milesin length, and 15 in breadth, 
 containing 115,200 acres, and fubdivided 
 into 21 townililps ; the chief of which is 
 Chefler. The number of inhabitants is 
 12,809. The lands bordering on the Del- 
 aware are low, and afford excellent mead- 
 ow and pafturage ; and are guarded from 
 inundations by mounds of earth or dykes, 
 which are fometimes broken down in ex- 
 traordinary freflies in tlie river. If this 
 happen=; before cutting the grafs,the crop 
 of hay is lofl for that feafon, and the rqi- 
 aration of the breaches Is expcnfive to the 
 proprietors. Great numbers of cattle are 
 brought here from the wcftern parts of 
 "Virginia, and N. Carolina, to be fattened 
 for fupplying the Philade!^>hia market. 
 
 Dclaivart^ a county in N. York, on the 
 head waters of Delaware R.and"has 21,700 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Dclaivare, a townfliip in Wayiic co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 381 inhabitants. 
 
 Dclaxjuares, an Indian nation, formerly 
 numerous and powerful, and who pofTeff- 
 cd part of Pennfvlvania, N. Jerfcy, and 
 N. York. This name Was doubtlefs given 
 them bv tlie Europeans ; for they call 
 vhemfelves Lennilenape, that i.>;, Indian 
 men ; or Woapanachky, which ilgniiics a 
 
 people Hving towards the rifmg fun. Th^y 
 now refide about half way between lake 
 Erie and Ohio R. They are an ingenious 
 and intelligent people ; and like the SisJ 
 Nations, are celebrated for their courage, 
 peaceable difpofition, and powerful alli- 
 ances. Almofl all the neighbouring na- 
 tions are in league with them, efpccially 
 the Mahlkan, Shawanves, Clierokees, 
 Twichtvvees, Wawiachtanos, Kikapus, 
 Moflik63, Tuckachflias, Chippeways, Ot^ 
 tawas, Putewoatamies, and Kalkallaas. 
 The Delawares were lately hoftile, but 
 made peace with the United States, 1795, 
 and ceded fome lands. The United States, 
 o*n the other hand, have engaged to pay 
 them in goods, to the value of 1000 dolls". 
 a year for ever. Formerly the Delawares 
 could furnifli 600 wariors ; but their 
 number is confiderably decfeafcd by war 
 fince that time, 
 
 Delaijuare 'Toiunjhlp, in the COUnty of 
 Suffolk, U. Canada, lies on the E fide of 
 the river Thames, On the plains above 
 the Delaware village of Indians, 
 
 Deli'verance, Cape, is the S E point of the 
 land of Louiliade. Bougainvill^e was here, 
 and named it in 1768. 
 
 Del Rey, a captainfhip in the fouthcrn 
 divifion of Brazil, whofe chief town is St. 
 Salvadore. 
 
 Del Spirrtu Santo, a rivef which falls into 
 the gulf of Mexico, at the N W end of 
 the peninfula of Florida. 
 
 Demarara^ a river in Dutch Guiana, iri 
 S. A:merica, is about two miles wide at its 
 mouth, oppofite the fort, on the E bank 
 of the river, and about 45 miles diftant 
 from Abary creek. It is fcarcely a mile 
 wide, 12 miles above the fort ; and its 
 courfe is from S to N. It is navigable' 
 upwards of 200 miles for vefTels whitlr 
 can pafs the bar at its mouth, which is a 
 mud bank, not having above 24 feet at 
 the highefl: tides. The difference between 
 high and low water mark, is from 10 to; 
 12 feet. The fort, if properly fupplied" 
 with men and ammunition, is able effec- 
 tually to guard its entrance, Stacbroeck;- 
 the feat of gov..*rnm.^nt, Hands on the E 
 fide of the river, i\ miles ;ibove the fort.- 
 
 Dcmarara, a difi.ri6l in Dutch Guiana, 
 which, together with Effequebo, form one 
 government, and have the fame court of 
 police, but each ha.^ a fcparate court of 
 juftice. The two diftricSts contain about 
 3000 whites, and 40,000 flaves. Dema- 
 rara R. which gives name to the diflricl, 
 palfcs through u,and is ufually vifited by 
 40 or JO \vii^ fliips from tlolland, who 
 
 oftea 
 
BEM 
 
 X) E R 
 
 »ften make two voyages in a year, btM^ 
 Upwards of ajo fmaller veffcis, under the 
 Dutch and other flags. The plantations 
 arc regularly Uid out in lets along the 
 fca iliore, called facades, about a quarter 
 of a mile wide, and extending |ths of a 
 mile back into the countr)\ Each lot 
 tontaias about ajo acres each ; and when 
 fully cultivated, the proprietor may ob- 
 tain a fimiiar tracl back of the fird:, and 
 fo on in progrellion. Each lot will con- 
 tain i2C,coo cotton trees, averaging ufu- 
 ally half a pound a tree. Such a planta- 
 tion is reckoned well ftnckcd to have lao 
 negroes. The iliores of the rivers and 
 creeks are chiefly planted with cofFce, to 
 the diftance Of abont 30 miles from the 
 fea ; thence 30 miles further up, the 
 foil becomes clayey and more lit for fugar 
 canes. Beyond thifi, the iineft kinds of 
 v/ood, for building, furniture, &c. are cut. 
 The following is an account of all the 
 Jjroduce iliipped from the colonits of 
 Dcmarara, and its dependencies, from 
 Jan. I, 1798, to Jan. i, iSoZj taken from 
 the Cuftom Houfe books. 
 
 Britifh, 
 Foreign J 
 
 isels. S'lgar. Rinn. 
 Hhds. Punchs. 
 
 125 
 77 
 
 5 '77 
 1-95 
 
 2P- 
 
 Cottein. 
 
 Ba.l-es.. 
 
 14,900 
 
 9 
 
 Pounds. 
 5.8,-3>998 
 - ^32.3^7 
 
 1,799- 
 Britini, 
 
 202 
 
 6472 
 
 1714 
 
 14,9(9 
 
 6,146,325 
 
 141 
 
 3?-34 
 
 105 
 
 .5.769 
 
 3.-^9v59i 
 
 Forciga, 
 
 71 
 
 I 593 
 
 306 
 
 
 r_5!,2^6 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ ' 
 
 
 1800. 
 Britifh, 
 
 2i2 
 
 5>8^ 
 
 501 
 
 15,769 
 
 3,846,377 
 
 206' 
 
 82a ■[ 
 
 ,.98 
 
 3W4^6 
 
 11,324,608 
 
 Foreign, 
 
 90 
 
 .2i6o 
 
 • S-^o 
 
 i4 
 
 
 
 
 ___ 
 
 
 
 
 2yo 
 
 10,361 
 
 349« 
 
 3 ',470 
 
 11,633.136 
 
 \2o\. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Britifh, 
 
 229 
 
 12,563 
 
 1P04 
 
 2I,6>0 
 
 9^754^99^ 
 
 l^orcign. 
 
 116 
 
 .1,761 
 
 1760 
 
 1 
 
 8^,,2:.6 
 
 
 345 
 
 14.-6+ 
 
 3564 
 
 21,641 
 
 io,59.S;?4 
 
 9-77 83,759 ::)2,222,562 
 
 34,643 ftivcs wer6 lift ported from Jan. 
 1798, to Jan. t, 1 802. 
 
 Dsmi ^uian^ a river, fwamp and lake 
 <>w the wcftern fide of Illinois R. in the 
 N. W. territory. The river runs a S S E 
 courfe,is navigable 120 miles, and has the 
 fwamp of its name on the northern bank 
 near its mouth ; wlu'ch lafl: is 50 yards 
 •<vide, 32 miles above Sagamond, and 165 
 /niles above the MifTifippl. The lake is 
 of a circular form, 2CO yards W of the 
 river, is 6 miles acrofs, and empties into 
 the Illinois by a fmall paffage 4 feet deep, 
 171 miles from the Miffifippl. 
 
 Deny I R. a fmall river in "^Vaflilngtcn 
 CO. Ma^ne, 22 miles E of Machias. Its 
 fource is in a pond about 6 or 8 miles 
 Yd:.. I. S 
 
 long, and about -2 miles wide, called Me* 
 dabemps, iu which :.rc the corners of 4 
 townlliips or plantations, progrefling iii 
 ftttltment, viz. No. 6, 7, 15, and 16 Af- 
 ter running a S eafl riy tourfe about 15 
 or 20 miles, it joins the N branch of Kob- 
 befkook, and palEng by Eaflport en the 
 N, empties into the Wtft paflagc, fo called, 
 between Campo Bello, and the main. 
 The country between tliis river and M.^- 
 thiasjin I 794,was a wildcrntfs. The bulks 
 of the river were at this tiine thinly icttled 
 by a regular and wc'irdifpolcd f^ oplc". 
 
 BenyfvUte, a pcfl tO"\vn of Wafliington co, 
 Maine 27 miles E of Machi.is. 
 
 Detniis, a poft town in Barnftrible co. 
 Maflachufetu, incorporated into a tov.-n- 
 n^iip in 1793, and is 80 miles S E from 
 Bofton, and 8 from Earnftable, and con- 
 tains 1408 inhabitants. In this town ?.ve 
 the villages of Nobfculfett, of 5a hoafcs, 
 and Suet of 36 houfes. 
 
 D.ni'is Creek, in Cape ATay c6, N. Jerfcy ; 
 the poll office here is 219 miles from Vrafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Deiifot'., the chief and poft town of Car- 
 oline CO. in Maryland, on the E fide of 
 Choptank creek, the E main branch ot 
 Choptank R. It is laid out regularly, and 
 has a few houfes, and lies 7 miles S c£ 
 GreenflDorough, and 37 S S E of Chefter. 
 Deptfurd, a town ia Glcuccfter co. N, 
 Jerfey. 
 
 Derby^ a townfliip in Orleans co. Ver- 
 mont, on the N fine of the ftate, on the E 
 fliore of lake MeiTiphfcmagcg. 
 
 Derby, a pofl town in New I-Iaveri ^o. 
 Connedlicut, on the pomt of land formed' 
 by the confluence of Naugatuck and Hou- 
 fatonick rivers. This town was .'ettled in 
 1665, under New Haven jurifdidlion, and 
 is now divided into two pariflies, and has 
 an academy. It has a ecnfidcrable trade 
 with the W. Indies for io fm'll a town, 
 and a ntimbei of mills on the f :L's of Nau- 
 gatuck, and fl:reams \vhioh fall into it, 
 and iron arid oth^r works on Eight mile R. 
 which falls into the Houfatonick, which 
 is naArigable 1 2 miles to this to^^ n. It has' 
 1878 inhabitants 
 
 Derby ^ Or Darby, Ub>ier and Lotver, in. 
 Delaware co. Pennfylvania, ccntainir.g, 
 the former 5^62, the larter 9S0 inhabitants, 
 7 miles S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Dsny, a tcwnflu'p in Dauphin co. Fenn- 
 fylvania, on the E fide of Sv. C^ara creek^^ 
 2 miles above its confluence with the Suf- 
 quehanna, and celebrated for its curious 
 cave. See Dauphin Cc. It has 1666 in- 
 habit2X.ts. 
 
DET 
 
 ISEf 
 
 Jyar-ry, a town in MiiHin cO. Pennfylva- 
 t&z, 1 1 35 inhabitants. There is another 
 town of this name In Northumberland co 
 which has 1570 inhabitants. 
 
 Derryjield, a townflaip in N. Hampfliire , 
 on the E bank of Merrimack R. Hillfbor- 
 ough CO. containing 557 inhabitants, and 
 was incorporated in 1751. It is a good 
 tradt of land, has 2 Prefbyterian nieeting 
 houfes, and was originally fettled by a 
 company from Ireland. A fair is annually 
 held here. It is 4a miles W o: Portfmouth. 
 
 Deruyter^ a poll town of Chenango go. 
 N.York, S of Cazenoviaj adjoining. It 
 has 310 inhabitants. 
 
 D:f^quadero, a river In 'Peru, over which 
 the Ynca Huana Capac built a biidge of 
 flags and ruilies, to tranfport his army to 
 the other fide, and which remained a few 
 years fmce. 
 
 DdfeaJa, Beftrada^ or Deftderada, the firll 
 of the Caribbee iflands, di covered by Co- 
 liimbus in his fecoad voyage, anno 1494, 
 when he gave It that name. It is lituated 
 E of Guadaloupe, and fubject to the 
 French ; and is of little confequence ex- 
 cept in time of vrar, when it is the refort 
 of a number of privateers. It is ■ o miles 
 long and .5 broad, and looks at a diftance 
 like a galley, with a low point at the N 
 W end. The Spaniards make this in tlieir 
 way to America, as well as Guadaloupe. 
 N lat. r6 40 Wlon. 61 20. 
 
 Dcfc.ada, or Caps Dnjrre, the fouthelll 
 point of the flraits of Magellan, in S. Amer- 
 ica, at the entrance of the South Sea. 'S 
 lat. 53 4, Ion. 74 18 W. 
 
 Defer i I/land, Mount, on the COafi: of the 
 diflrlcl of Maine, Maflachufctts, contains 
 about 100 families, divided into two dif- 
 ferent fettiements, about 15 miles apart. 
 
 Defdfpclr, Cape, or Drfpair, on the north- 
 ern fide of Chaleur bay, is about 3 leagues 
 W S W of Bonaventure Ifknd. There is 
 a large cod fifliery here. 
 
 JDsfpau;. 2 bay on the S weftern fide of 
 NewfoTindland Ifland, adjoining to Fortune 
 bay on the N eaftward ; which fee. 
 
 Del^yuB'ion IJland^ lies offthe coafl of New 
 Albion, in lat. 47 3 7 N, Ion. 1 24 1 1 W. It 
 is about a league In circumference, level, 
 and almoft entirely barren, producing a 
 few dwarf trees only, although the coun- 
 try to the fouthward of it, exhibits an 
 appearance of the greateft fertility. 
 
 Kanccwvar . 
 Detour, in U. Canada, the entrance into 
 lake Huron from Muddy lake, to the S 
 and W of St. Jofeph's ifland. 
 
 Dctourt on the N fliore of lake Huron, 
 
 lies a little to the E of the iilcs au i^erpsnS- 
 Dctcur Point, is on the W main, in the 
 ilrait made by St. Jofeph's illand. 
 
 Detour des Anglais, or EngVfi Turn, Is Jl' 
 circular diredlion of the river MiilifippI, 
 fo very confiderable, that vefiels cannot 
 pafs it ^ . ith the fame wind that conducted 
 them to it, and mufl either wait for a fa- 
 vourable wind, or m-ake faft to the bank, 
 and haul clofe ; there being fuflicient 
 depth of water for any veuel that can en- 
 ter the river. The two forts and bat* 
 teries at this place on both fides the river, 
 are more than fufiicient to Abp the prog- 
 refs of any veflel whatever. Dr. Cox, of 
 N. Jerfey, afcended the MifTifippI to this 
 place, anno 1698, took pofTeirjon and call- 
 ed thccotintry Carolina. It lies 18 milei 
 belov/ New Orleans, and 87 above the 
 Ballze. The banks of the river are fet- 
 tled and 'Well cultivated from this to New 
 Oriean3, and there is a good road for car- 
 riages all the way. Hutchhis. 
 
 D'Etro'ity a port and principal tov/n and 
 the befl: fortified, in the country N W of 
 the Ohio river. It is the chief town of 
 the CO. or territory of Wayne, ajid is fit- 
 uated on the weftern bank of the ftrait St. 
 Clair, or D'Etroit R. between lake Erie 
 and lake St. Clair ; 18 oiiles N of the W 
 end of the former, and 9 miles below the' 
 latter. Fort D'Etroit is of an oblong fig- 
 ure, tuUt with ftockades, and advanta- 
 geoufiy fkuated,wlt!i one entire fide com- 
 manding the river. It Is near a mile in 
 circumference, and enclofes about 300 
 houfes and a Roman Catholic church; built 
 in a regular manner, with parallel ftreet* 
 crolling each other at right angles. Its^ 
 fituation is delightful, and in the centre 
 of a pleafant and fruitful countrj'-. For 8 
 miles beloviT, and the fame diftance abovt^ 
 Fort D'Etroit. on both fides ©f the river, 
 the country is divided into regular and 
 well cultivated plantations ; and from the- 
 contigulty of the farmers' houfes to each 
 other, they appear as two long extended 
 villages. The Inhabitants, who were mofl:- 
 ly French, were about xoooln number in 
 i7'/8, 50c of vvhom v.'ere as good markf- 
 men as the Indians themfc'ves, and as v/ell 
 accuftonied to the wixxis. They raife large 
 fi:ocks of black cattle, and great quantities 
 of corn, which they grind by windmills, 
 and manufaAure Into excellent flour. The 
 chief trade of D'Etroit confifls in a barter 
 of coarfe European goods with the natives 
 for furs, deer fklns, tallow, tScc. By the 
 treaty of Greenville, Aug. 3, 1795, the In- 
 diana have ceded to the United States the 
 
 p«fb 
 
jDEW 
 
 BIS 
 
 'Ijort of D'Etrolt, and all the land to the 1>I> i 
 tiie W and the S of it, of which the Indian | 
 title has been extinguillied by ^ifts or I 
 grants to the French or Englilli govern- : 
 ments, and ib much more land is to be an- ' 
 uexed to D'Etrolt as {liall be comprehend- 
 ed between Rofme R. on ihe S ; lake St. 
 Clair ou the N ; and a line, the general 
 coiirfe whereof fliall be 6 miies from the 
 W end of kke Erie and D'Etroit river. 
 The fort, &c. was delivered up by the 
 Britiili in July, 1796, according to treaty. 
 It lies 18 miles N of lake Erie, 724 N W 
 bv W from Philadelphia. N lat. 4% 40, 
 W Ion. 8256. 
 
 D'EtroH Rl-osr, or Strait of St. Clair, iiFues 
 from lake St. Clair and enters the W end 
 .of lake Erie, forming part of the boundai-y 
 between the United States and U. Canada. 
 In afceading it, its entrance is more than 
 3 miles wide,but it perceptibly diminiflies; 
 •fo that oppolite the fort, 18 miles from 
 lake Erie, it does not exceed half a mile in 
 width; from thence to lake St. Clair it 
 widens to more than a mile. The chan- 
 nel of theftrait is gentle, and wide and deep 
 enough for iliipping of great burden, al- 
 though it is incommoded by i'everal iflands, 
 one of which is more than 7 miles in length. 
 Thefe iilands are of a fertile foil, and from 
 their fituation aflbrda very agreeable ap- 
 pearance. The length of the river is a8 
 miles ; and fevcral ftreams fall into it chief- 
 ly from the N W, viz. Bauche, Clora, Cur- 
 riere, D'Etroit, and Huron rivers. There 
 are feveral windmills on the D'Etroit, and 
 an orchard adjoining almofl every houfe. 
 The fettlers are numerous, and the im- 
 provements handfome and cxtenfive. 
 When the fruit trees are in blofibm, the 
 profpedt as yovi pafs through the ftrait is 
 perhaps as debghtful as any in the world. 
 
 D'Etroit, le Petit, on the Ottawa R. U, 
 Canada, i^ below the upper main forks of 
 the Ottawa R. 
 
 DeviVs Mouth, a name given by failors 
 to a frightful volcano, near Leon Nicara- 
 guay ?% New Spain, near the lake. N lat. 
 13 ro,W Ion. 65 10. 
 
 DeviVs Nofj, a promontory on the S fide 
 of lake Ontario, 16 miles E of Fifliing bay, 
 and 23 N W of the mouth of GenciTee R. 
 
 De^iVs I/Iand, on the E fide of Chefapeak 
 bay, is in Somerfet co. Maryland, between 
 Fifliing bay and Naokia river. 
 
 Deivaert, an inconfiderable iHand lying 
 at fome diftance E of Terra Magellanrca, 
 S. America. It had its name from the 
 lirfl: difcoverer. 
 
 JOfweet an idand in S. Carolina, which 
 
 forms one of the three harbours of Charles- 
 ton city. 
 
 Biu'ile, IJlss auy in the river St. Lawrence, 
 Ih U, Canada, lies between the !fie au Long 
 Sault, and the townflilp of Ofnabi uck. 
 
 Diamond^or Rnund Ijland, One of the Gren- 
 adille;, in the W. Indies. See Rhonde ijle. 
 
 Dlckenfon College. See CarVif.c, in Pennfyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Dicli's R. in Kentucky, is a brarch of 
 Kentucky R. which it joins in a N W di- 
 re<ilion. It is about 50 miles long, and 
 45 yards wide at the mouth, and has a 
 number of excellent mill feats, and runs 
 through a body of firft rate land. 
 
 Dicktvajjet, OX Digdg-uajh, a river, in the 
 Britllb province of N. Brunfwick, which 
 empties into Paflamaquoddy bay. 
 
 Du'li Toixin. or Deep Toivn, a town on 
 the N. weftern fide of the ifland of St. 
 Chriftopher's in the W. Indies, on a bay 
 of the fame name- 
 
 Dighy, fituatedontheS E fide of Annapo- 
 lis bay, 18 miles S W of Annapolis, and 
 $i N by E of Yarmouth, is one of the mofl: 
 conliderable of the new fettlements in 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Digges Cape, on the S fide of Hudfon 
 ftraiis N lat. 6a 41, W Ion. 78 •o. 
 
 Dighton, a pcft town in Briftol co. Maf- 
 fachufetts, 7 miles from Taunton, and 20 
 from Warren^ in Rhode Ifland. There 
 are in the tow-^nfliip, 1666 inhabitants. 
 
 Dinividdie, a CO. in Virginia, S of Appa- 
 mattojx R. which divides ic from Chefter- 
 field. It is about 30 miles long, and 20 
 broad, and its chief town is PetS'-fburg. 
 The CO. contains 4987 free inhabitants, 
 and 6866 Haves 
 
 Difappointment, a bay on the N W coaft 
 of N. America. N lat. 52 15, W Ion. 129. 
 
 D'.fmal, a fwamp in the townfliip of 
 Milton, Lincoln co Maine. 
 
 Difmal Sxvamp, called the Great D'fmaly 
 to.difbnguifh it from ;;notiier fwamp call- 
 ed Difmal, in Currituck co. is a very large 
 bog extending from N to S near 30 miles, 
 and from E to W at a medium about 10 
 miles ; partly in Virginia^ and partly in 
 N. Carolina. No lels than 5 navigable 
 rivers, befide creeks, rife from it ; two 
 run into Virginia, viz. the S branch of 
 Elizabeth, and the S branch of Nanfe- 
 mondriver,and 3 into N. Carolina, namely, 
 N. R. N. W. R. and Perquimons. All thefe 
 hide their heads, p^-operly fpeaking, in 
 the Difmal, there being no fig.s of them 
 above ground. For this reafcn therd 
 mufl be plentiful fubterranecus ftorea 
 of water to feed fo many rivers, or elle 
 
 tke 
 
DIS 
 
 BOG 
 
 the foil is fo replete with this element, 
 drained from the high lands that fun-ouncl 
 it, that it can abundantly afford thei'e 
 fupplies. This is mofl px-obable, as the 
 ground of the fwamp is a mere quagmire, 
 trembling under the feet of thofe that 
 walk upon it, and every imprefHun is in- 
 ftantly filled with water. I'he ikirts of 
 .the fwamp, towards the E are overgrown 
 with reeds, lO or i 2 feet high, interfperf- 
 ed every where v/Ith llrong bamboo briers. 
 "lAmong thefe grow here and there acvpirefs 
 or white cedar, which la(i is commonly 
 ini'fikca for the juniper Towards the S 
 end ul: '>i is a large tra<£t of reeds, which 
 being conftantly green, and waving in the 
 wind, is called the green fea. hi' many 
 parts, efpecially on the borders, gro'vs an 
 everg'-eea Ihrub, very plentifully, called 
 the grU bufh. It bears a berry which 
 dies a l>lajk colour like the gall of an oak, 
 whence it has its name. Near the middle 
 of the Difmal tlie trees grow riiuch thick- 
 er, both cyprefs and ced;)r. Thefe being 
 always green, and loaded with very large 
 tops, are much expofed to the wind and 
 eafjly blown down the boggy ground af- 
 fording but a (leader hold to the roots. 
 jN''eicher beafl. bird, infect or reptile, ap- 
 proach the heart of this horrible defert ; 
 perhaps deterred by the everlafting iliade, 
 fcccafioned by the th'ck fhrubs and bufli- 
 es, hich the fun can never penetrate to 
 vv^rm the earth : nor indeed do any birds 
 care to fly over it, any more than ihey are 
 faid to dp over the Uke Avernus, for 
 fear of the noifome exhalations that rife 
 from this vatt body of filth and naflinefs, 
 Thef^ noxious vapours infecft the air 
 round about, giving agues and other dif- 
 tcmpeis to the neighbouring inhabitants. 
 On the weftern border of the Difmal is a 
 pine fwamp, above a mile in breadth, 
 great part of which is covered with water 
 Icnce deep ; tlie bottom, however, is firm, 
 and the pines grow very tali, and are not 
 eafily bio. n down by the wind. With all 
 thele di -advantages, the Difmal is, in ma- 
 ny places; pleafing to the eye, though dif- 
 agreeablc to the other fenfes This dread- 
 fa! fwamp was judged impa/lable, till the 
 line, dividing Virginia from N. Carolina, 
 Avas carried through it, in N lat. ^6 28, in 
 the year i-'aS, by order of king George 
 II. Although it happened then to be a 
 very dry feafon, the men virho were em- 
 ployed in pu filing the line were not alto- 
 gether free from apprehenfions of being 
 ftarved; it being 10 whole days before 
 the work was accornpliflied, though they 
 
 ptoceeded with all poffible diligence and! 
 refolution, and beiide had no difafter t© 
 retard them. This fwamp is cneifly own- 
 ed by two companies. The Virginia com- 
 pany, of which Gen. Washington was 
 one, owns 100,000 acres : the N. Carolina 
 company owns 40,000 acr^s. In the 
 midfl: of the fwamp is a lake, about 7 
 miles long, called Drummond's pond, 
 v/hofe wateis difcharge themfelves to th? 
 S into Pafquotank river, which empties 
 into Albemarle found ; on the N into 
 Elizabeth and Nanfemond rivers, which 
 fall into James R. A navigable canal is 
 now digging to connect the navigable 
 yvaters of the Pafquotank and Elizabeth 
 rivers. The diftance about ij miles. 
 
 This 
 
 .will pafs about a mile E of 
 
 Drummond's pond, and will receive water 
 from it. The canal company are incorpo- 
 rated by the concurring laws of Virginia 
 and N. Carolina. Thii canal, when finilli- 
 ed, will open an inland navigation from. 
 the head of Chefapeak bay, including all 
 tlie rivers in Virginia, to Georgetown in 
 S. Carolina : and when the fliort canal 
 from Elk river to Chrifliana creek is 
 opened, the communication will extend 
 to Philadelphia and the other ports con- 
 nected with Delaware river. Such an ex- 
 tenfive inland communication muft be 
 beneficial in time of peace, and in time 
 of war will be efTentially ferviceable. " 
 
 Dixon s Sound, on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, is the pafTage into the found be- 
 tween the main land and Waflilngton's or 
 Queen Chairlotte's iflands, from the N W. 
 This feems tO be v/hat is called in Ameri- 
 ca B.zrreWs Sound ; which fee. 
 
 Dhcjield, a toMm in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, on the N bank of Androfcoggln R. 
 having Jay on the E, and Wilton N, about 
 70 miles N of Portland. 
 
 Dixhills, apoft town, Suffolk co. N. York, 
 290 milcp N E of Wafhington. 
 
 Dixon s Springs, in Smith CO. TenefTeov 
 I-Iere is a pofl office, 691 mileS' W by S 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Dobb^s Ferry, on Hudfon R. is a6 miles 
 above N. York city. 
 
 Dcgs JJland, one of the fmaller Virgin 
 iflands, W of Virgin Gorda, and E of Tor- 
 tula. N lat. 18 20, W Ion. 62 <,$. 
 
 Dog Ribbed Ind'ans, inhabit round lake 
 F.4Un(Je, in the N W part of N. America. 
 They are often at war v/ith the Athapuf- 
 cow Indians. Both thefe tribes are among 
 the moll f^Avage of the human race. They 
 trade with the Hudfon bay company's 
 fettlements. Edlande lake lies N of the 
 Athapufcev^ 
 
DOM 
 
 DOM 
 
 Athapufcow fea, or lake, and near the 
 ardlic circle. 
 
 Domingo, St. an ifiand in tlie Atlantic 
 ©cean, at the entrance of the gulf of Mex- 
 ico, is the largefl: of the four great Antilles, 
 except the ifiand of Cuba, and proved the 
 cradle of European power in the new 
 world. Chrlflopher Columbus landed on 
 it the 6th of Dec. 14, '2. The natives 
 called it Hayti, fignifying high or moun- 
 tainous land Cliarlevoix fays it was 
 Called Qilfqueya, that is, great country, or 
 mother pf . ountries. Others fay it had 
 the name of Boljiu, which .Tieans, a country 
 full of habitations and villages. Columbus 
 called it Hiffaniola, or Little Spain, which 
 name the Spaniards ftill retain, though St. 
 Domingo is the name commonly ufcd by 
 other nations ; fo called from St. Bo'/k rp, 
 the capital of the Spanixli part ; v/hich 
 was thus named by Columbus in honor 
 of his father. St. Domingo is fituated be- 
 tween 17 _';s and ao N lat. and between 
 71 and 77 W Ion from Paris. It lies 45 
 leagues E N E of Jamaica, 22 S E of Cuba, 
 and 20 N W by W of Porto Rico ; and is, 
 not including the fmall dependent ifiands 
 that furround it, 1 60 leagues long from E 
 to W, and from 60 to 70 broad from N to 
 S. When the Spaniards difcovered the 
 ifiand, there v/ere on it at leafl: a mill- 
 ion of happy inhabitants, and Bartholo- 
 mew de las Cafas fays there were three 
 millions. Such, however, were the cruel- 
 ties of the Spaniards, and to fuch an infa- 
 mous height did they carry their opprcf- 
 Con of the poor natives, that they were 
 Veduced to 60,000 in the fliort fpace of 15 
 years ! It formed five kingdoms, each gov- 
 erned by fovereigns called caciques. The 
 names of thefe kingdoms were ^Maqua, 
 J\<raricn, Higuay, J\dagitana, and Xaraguay. 
 The Spaniards had polTeffion of the whole 
 of the ifland for 1 20 years. At laft, about 
 the year 1630, a handful of Englifli, 
 French, and other Europeans, came and 
 forced them to fight in its defence, and 
 after repeated wars for 50 years, they 
 were forced to divide tlie ifiand with the 
 French. Thefe latter, being the only fur- 
 vlvors of the firft freebooters or bucca- 
 niers, or having infenfibiy acquired an 
 afccndency among them, had, fo early as 
 1640, formed this alTembly of individuals, 
 born under the domination of almofl 
 sll the powers of Europe, into a French 
 colony, under the direction of the general 
 g07ernment, firfl eftabliflied at St. Chriflo- 
 phers, and afterwards at Martinico. Tlic 
 Spanin:- part is by f^r the-raofl extenftve 
 
 and the rioH: fertile ; that of the Frendi 
 the befl cultivated. The v/hole i!lan4 
 now belongs to the French republic, the 
 Spaniards having ceded their part of it tq» 
 that power in the trerity of 1795. The 
 Spaniards, however ungrateful to the dif- 
 coverer of the new world during his life, 
 would not leave his duft out of ilieir ter- 
 ritories. The remains of Columbus, who 
 died the aoth of May, 1506, were liril ^^ 
 pofifed in Seville, afterwards removed to 
 the cathedral in the city of St. Domingo, 
 and laflly conveyed to the Havannah in ^ 
 74 gun ilr'p ; and on the 191!) of January, 
 1796, all tJtat was mortal of that great 
 man, was committed to tlie earth the third 
 time, with great parade and ceremony- 
 The French and Spanifh territories, which 
 are notv rrJted under one head, are both 
 ahke in pofTelling the various prcdudtion* 
 common to the W. Indies. The European 
 cattle are fo multiplied here, that they run 
 wild in the woods ; few of thefe aj e in 
 the French part, in comparifon with the 
 Spaniili. The two great chains of moun- 
 tains, which extend from 1'^ to W, and 
 their numerous fpurs, give the ifiand an 
 afpecPc, at a diflance, not fo favourable as 
 it defervc?. They are, however, the caufe 
 of the fertility of the ifiand. They give 
 fource to innumerable rivers, repel the 
 violence of the winds, vary the tempera- 
 ture of the air, and multiply the refources 
 of human induftry. They abound with 
 excellent timber, and mines of iron, lead, 
 copper, fllver, gold, fome precious ftcnes, 
 and even mercury. Here are the moun- 
 tains of Cibaoy Selley and Hotte, reckoned 
 loco fathoms above the level of the fea. 
 In the bowels of the firll, the cruel Span- 
 iards condemned thoufands of the native* 
 to facrifice their lives, in fearch of gold. 
 The mines are not now worked. In the 
 plains, in the Spanifli part, the heat is 
 nearly uniform, but varies in proportion 
 to their diflance from the fountains. In 
 the plains, the thermometer is fometimes 
 at 99. In the mountains it rarely rife» 
 above 77. There the nights are cool 
 enough to render a blanket not unwel- 
 come ; and there are mountains where 
 even a fire is a very agreeable companion 
 in fom.e evenings. The contrail of vio-? 
 lent heats and heavy rains renders St. 
 Doming humid ; hence the tarniflied ap- 
 pearance of almoft: all metals, however 
 baUiant the poliHi they may originally 
 i.ave had. This is particularly obfervable 
 on the fea fhore, which is more unhealthy 
 :han the interior parts of the ifiand, Th» 
 foutheri^ 
 
DOU 
 
 DOM 
 
 -fbi'itkern part of the ifland is fub]ci!t to 
 jMirricanes, called here fouthern gales, 
 tecaufe they are not attended with iuch 
 '<ireadful coafequences as the hurricanes 
 in the windward iHands. The Spauifli 
 part is computed to contain about 90 
 iaaguca in its greatefl: length from E to 
 W, 60 leagues in its greaiefl breadth ; 
 having a furface of about 3200 fquare 
 leagues. About 400 fquare leagues ot this 
 furface is in mountains, which are gener- 
 ally more capable of cultivation than thcfe 
 an the French part, and have fonsetimes a 
 ibil tl^at difputes the preference with that 
 of the vallies. There reniains, therefore, 
 a fine fertile furface of more than 2700 
 :fquare leagues, divided into vallies and 
 plains of various lengths and breadths. 
 Many circumilances confpired to render 
 this idand a place of importance to the 
 Spaniards. It was a key to the gulf of 
 Mexico, a convenient place <"or their flip- 
 ping to touch at, an excellent rendezvous 
 for their fquadrons and fleets, and an im- 
 portant hold for naval operations of all 
 forts ; but from the impolitic mcafures of 
 the government, and the reflraints on 
 commerce, it proved rather a burden than 
 an advantage to the mother country. 
 The cantons or jurifdicSrions, beginning r.t 
 the wefternmofi: point of the Gpaniiu 
 frontiers, on the fouthern coaft or nar- 
 rows, are, B^harnco. (poiTelTed by the brig- 
 ands or fugitive Spanifh and French ne- 
 groes, who inhabit the mountain of Baho- 
 jFuco) Neybe, Aztray Bant or Vani, tlie city 
 ■ox St. Domingo, and terrilory dependent 
 thereon,.S'/.Za/.r^fljf da Mines, Soft'tru:, Cotuy^ 
 Jja Vega, St. Togo, Daxahon, Si. Raphael, 
 Hinche, Baniqus, and SL ^okn of JMaguana. 
 Over the whole of the Spanifa part of the 
 ifiand, mountains and plains, were fpread, 
 according to St. Mery, 125,000 inhabit- 
 ants ; of whom 110,000 were free, and 
 15,000 Haves ; not 40 individuals to one 
 fquare league. The Spaniili Creoles are 
 iiifenfible of all the treafures which fur- 
 Tr)und them, and pafs their lives without 
 ^;-ifl-ling to change their lot ; while the 
 French portion, when they pofTefled it, 
 ^xirniflied three fifths of the produce of all 
 the French W. India colonies put together; 
 rir more than 10 millions fteriing. The 
 <irels and mode of living of the Spaniili 
 Creoles indicate pride, lazinefs, and pover- 
 ty. A capital, which of itfelf indicates 
 <lecay, little inilgnificant towns here and 
 there, a few colonial fettlements, for which 
 the name of manufactories would be too 
 vjreat sii bcnor,iiiimenre pofTtCions called 
 
 Tiatits, where hearts and cattle are ralftsj 
 with little care, in different grades of do- 
 mellication ; as the domeftic, the gentle, 
 and the fliy. Thole called wild or moun- 
 taineers, as alfo the fhy, cofi the herdfmen, 
 called pioneers and lancers, immenfe la- 
 bour and danger in the chafe. The hattes 
 are the moft numerous fort of Spaniib 
 fettlements, and of an extent far difpro- 
 portioned to their utiUty. The fupply of 
 horned cattle to the French part ot 'the 
 ifland was eftimated, by St. Mery, at lefs 
 than 15,000 head animally ; of which \X\^ 
 Spaniards furniihed four fifths. Thefe at 
 30 dolls, a head, and bringing them by the 
 tjpaniards, amounted to 450,000 dollars. 
 This formed three quarters of the prod- 
 uce of the colony ; and the impoii paid 
 to government was 10 per cent. The 
 number of ioOjOOO head of cattle was the 
 number in the general cenfus taken by 
 order of the preiident in 1780, and the 
 cattle exempted from the tribute, amount- 
 ed to 250,000 ; without comprehending 
 horfes, mules and afl'es, which, with an 
 augmentation eiHmated fince 1780, made 
 a ftock of 300,000 head, and an annual 
 produ<ftion of 60,000 ; and fuppofe a fifth 
 part of the young ones perilli accidentr 
 ally, there ftill remains 48,000. The re- 
 fources of the colonifis were very confinr 
 ed, and their few ellabli {laments below 
 mediocrity. There were but 22 fugar 
 manufadhories of any confequence ; the 
 reft being not worth naming ; and evei) 
 thefe i2 had altogether but about 600 
 negroes. Of thefe, 6 produced fyrop, and 
 fome fugar ; but the others, called trapha-c 
 cies, where animals were employed to 
 tr.rn the mills and prefs the canes, with- 
 out flielter, in the open ^r, made nothing 
 but fyrop. The w^hole of v/hich produce 
 was generally ufed in the colony ; fmall 
 quantities were fometimes fent to Porto 
 Rico, or to Old Spain ; and the gooduef? 
 of the fugar proved that of the foil, bur 
 nothing in favour of the manufadlurer. 
 The coffee raifed here is excellent ; each 
 tree in a flate of beaiing will produce on 
 an average a pound weight, and is fome- 
 times of a quahty equal to that of Mocha, 
 yet chocolate is preferred to it. Cotton 
 grows naturally at St. Domingo, of an ex- 
 cellent quality, even without care, in fiony 
 land, and in the crevices of the rocks. 
 'I'he numerous roots of indigo are only 
 cbftacies to the feeble cultivation of the 
 fields, where it grows fpontaneoufly. AU 
 thefe valuable produt^ions have flaarec! 
 the fate of dcpcjpulation. Tobacco, fayt; 
 Valverde, 
 
fcoM 
 
 i)6u 
 
 '^alverde, has here a larger leaf than in 
 aiiy other part of America ; it grows eve- 
 ry where, and equals fpmetimes that of 
 Cuba or the Havaanah. it is as much 
 efteemed as this latter, in the manufac- 
 tures of Seville, and is even preferable to 
 it in fegars. The kernel of the cocoa 
 nut of St. Domingo is more acidulated 
 than that of the cocoa nut of Venezuela 
 and Caraca, to which it is not inferior ; 
 and experience proves, that the chocolate 
 made of the two cocoas has a more deli- 
 cate flavor than that made of the cocoa of 
 Caraca alone, Achiote, ginger, and caffia 
 have fliared the fate of the other produc- 
 tions. The population of the Spanilli 
 part is compofed of whites, freed people, 
 and Oaves. There are alfo a few Creoles 
 refeinbUng the Indians, having long, 
 ^ralght -md black hair, who pretend to be 
 defcendants of the ancient natives. They 
 are, however, thought to be defoended 
 from a mixture of the aborigines and the 
 Spaniards. There were, in 1744, feveral 
 Indians at Banique, v/ho proved their de- 
 fcent from the fubjedbs of the unfortunate 
 cacique Henri ; although hillorical au- 
 thority aiHrros that the v/hole race was ex- 
 terni'mated The freed people are few in 
 Bumber, if compared with the wliites, but 
 conilderable in proportion to the nujnber 
 of flaves. The people of colour are ex- 
 cluded from a?mofl: all employments, civil 
 as well as military, as long as the colour 
 of the ikin betrays its origin ; but the po- 
 litical conftitution of the country admits 
 of no dlftincftion between the civil rights 
 of a white inhabitant and thofe of a free 
 perfon. Indeed the major part of the 
 Spanifli colonifls are of a mixed race : 
 this an African feature, and fometimes 
 anore than one, is often betrayed ; but its 
 frequency has licenced a prejudice that 
 would otherwife be atroublefome remem- 
 brancer. People of colour are admitted 
 to the priefthood without difficulty ; but 
 the Spaniards have not yet brought them- 
 felves to make negro priefts and bifliops 
 like the Portugaefe, Slaves are treated 
 with extreme mildftefs, and are ufuaHy 
 fed as well as their mailers. A religious 
 principle and an illicit affecflion tend to 
 their emancipation, A fiave can redeem 
 himfelf at a price fixed by law. Thus the 
 fate of the Have is foftened by the hope of 
 freedom, and the authority of the mafl-er 
 by the habit of being confounded, in feme 
 fort, with thofe who were the other day 
 in fiavcry. The laws againfl; fiaves are 
 anuck neglected ; thofe in their favour are 
 
 Ycry exaAly obferved. Few of the Cre- 
 oles can either read or write ; hence the 
 want of focial latercourfe, which is alf» 
 augmented by the badnefs of the road$» 
 Tiie roads are nothing but paths paflable 
 only on foot and on horfeback ; and 8 
 leagues a day is very great work, in which 
 fpace the traveller often does not meet 
 with a fir}gle habitation, and mull confe- 
 quendy carry with him every neceilary 
 for nourifhmcut and lodging Such is the 
 low Hate of commerce in the Spanifh. 
 part, that Don Antonio de Vaiverde, a 
 native creole, goes fo far as to afiert, ia 
 his account of the territory, that the com- 
 merce in cattle, with the French part, is 
 its only fupport- The whole illand is ic 
 general well v.-atered by rivers and brooks 
 witiiout number, but certain fpaces are 
 deprived of this advantage. From the 
 formation of the iflaad, their courics ar« 
 but fliort, and few of them navigable to 
 any diftance. It is generally impolTible to 
 conceive, from tiie tranquil afpe<ft that 
 thcfe rivers ufually wear, wliat they be- 
 come when they overflow their banks. 
 A river that but now hardly covered the 
 pebbles on its bed, or wet the foot of the 
 traveller, is changed by one tempeftuous 
 fhower into a flood, menacing ail that it 
 approaches ; and fliould its banks give 
 way, it ipreads its watery devaftation over 
 the plains. Many of thefe are infefted 
 with alligators. The only lakes or pond* 
 v/orth notice are thofe of Henriqucile 
 and Salt pond ; the former is a great ^u- 
 riodty. See Heuritjuellc The chief of the 
 iOands which furround St. Domingo, part 
 of which belonged to the Spanifli part, 
 are Altavele, SaonC; Beate, St. Catherine, 
 on the S fide, from W to E, Mone. and 
 Monique on the S E. Caymite, and Gon- 
 ave on the W between the two peninfulas, 
 and La Tortue, on the N (ide, toward* 
 the V/ end of the iiland, and that of Ava- 
 che on the S fide of the fouthern peninfula. 
 The ancient divifion 1: ie which feparated 
 the French from the Spanifli part of the 
 i^nd, extended from the river des Anfes 
 a Pitre or Pedemales, on the S fide, to 
 that of Mafi'vcie, en the N fide, at the 
 head of the bay of Manceniile, which, 
 tvogether with the large bay which fets up 
 from the weflward; between Cape St, Ni- 
 cholas z.n6. Cape Dame Marie, S W of the 
 former, ai:id 43 ieai^ies apart, moulds this 
 divifion of the iHand into fuch a figure, a? 
 can be bed: comprehended by a viev/ of 
 the map ; fufHce it to fay that it .^ontain* 
 2,5 O0;0o6'acre« of laad, of an extremely 
 
 fciTtiie 
 
BOlVf 
 
 DOM 
 
 ^ertfle foil, prefenting an agresabls variety 
 of hlUs, vallies, woods and ftreains. Tiie 
 Frencn part of St. Domingo, containing 
 2,SOO,ooo acres, of which 1,500,000 were 
 tinder high cultivation in 1789, was then 
 divided into lo jurifdiiflions, v/hich were 
 f\ibdividcd into 52 piariflies. Wefljurii- 
 dicStoiis", Port au Prince, St. Mark, Le 
 Petit Goave, and Jeremie ; in the N. Cape 
 Frangois, Fort Dauphin, and Port de 
 Palx ; thofe in the S, Les Cayes, St. Louis, 
 and Jacniel. Before the kite revohition, 
 there v/ere in thefe pari flies about 42,000 
 white people, 44,000 free people of colour, 
 and 600,000 flaves. Other accounts make 
 them conliderably lefs ; the above, how- 
 ever, is from good authority. The num- 
 ber of deaths, during 1789, according to 
 the bills of mortality, 71 21 ; the number 
 of births the fame year, 423a. The 6x- 
 cefs of deaths, 2889, will be the lefs afton- 
 iiiiing, when it is confidercd, that in the 
 years 1787, and 178^^, there had been im- 
 jiorted into the colony nearly 6o,oco new 
 riegroes. The exports from Jan. 1,1789,10 
 Dec. 3r,of the fame year, were 47,516,531 
 lbs. white fugar, 93,573,300 brov/n fugar; 
 76,835,219 lbs cofie6 ; 7,004,274 lbs cot- 
 ton ; 758^628 lbs. indigo; and other arti- 
 cles, as tanned hides, molaffes, fpirits, &c. 
 to the value of 46,873 livres. The total 
 value of duties on the above exportations, 
 amounted to 770,801 dolls. 3 cents. Port 
 au Prince is the feat of the French gov- 
 ernment in this ifland, in time of peace, 
 and a place of confiderable trade. Cape 
 Francois exceeds Port au Prince in the 
 value of its productions, the elegance of 
 its buildings, and the advantageous fitua- 
 tlon of its port. It is' the Governor's refi- 
 derice in time of war. The Mole, though 
 ihferior to thefe ia other refpecfls, is the 
 firft port in the ifland for fafety in time 
 of war, being by nature and art ftrongly 
 fortified. The other towns and ports of 
 any note, are Fort Dauphin, St. Mark, 
 Leogane, Petit Goave, Jeremie, Les Caycs, 
 St. Louis, and Jacmel, which fee under 
 their different names. The moft ancient 
 town in this ifland, and in all America, 
 built by Europeans, is St. Domingo ; of 
 1^'hich an account is given below. To 
 thefe particular obfervations, we add the 
 following, of a more general nature : The 
 lugar and indigo plantations were in the 
 flat, the coffee in the mountainous lands. 
 The plantations were for the moft part 
 enclofed with live hedges, ftraight and 
 Well dr?{fed ; the dwelling and manufac- 
 tory houfes were buiit and laid out with 
 
 great neatnefs and tafle ; every habltatioa^ 
 poifefied a private hofpital for the accom- 
 modation of its fick iiegrooS; who were 
 parentally dealt with ; the roads were ex- 
 cellent ; and from the general hofpitality 
 and cheerfulnefs of its tormer inhabitants, 
 it was cotifidered as one of the moft envi- 
 able fpots on earth. Such was the French- 
 part of St. Domingo in 1789 ; but, alas ,•" 
 It is no more ; the deflruc^tive ravages of 
 an unrelenting infurrediion, of frightful 
 maflacres and conflagrations, have laid 
 wafhe all thofe beautiful fettlements, re- 
 duced the buildings to afhes, and laid low 
 in dufVor fcattered in exile, its wretched 
 inhabitants. The firfi: interference of the 
 National Aflembly, in the affairs of the 
 colonies, was by a decree of the 8th of 
 March, 1790, vvhich declared, " That all 
 free perfons, who were propinetors and 
 refidents of two years {landing, and who" 
 contributed to the exigencies of the flate,' 
 fliould exercife the rig.hts of voting, which 
 conftitutc the quality of French citizens.^ 
 This decree, though in fadb it gave no 
 new rights'to the people of colour, was re- 
 garded with a jealous eye by the wliite 
 planters ; whofe pride and refentment dic- 
 tated to them to exp^l the people of colour 
 from their alTcmbhes. 'Fhis feems to be 
 the true fource of their^ calamities ; to de- 
 velope which, and the dreadful confe- 
 quences, belong to the profefled hiflorian.' 
 Botn'iTigo, St. the capital of the Spanifh 
 part of the ifland of St. Domingo or Hif- 
 paniola, is fituated on the W bank of the 
 Ozama, a league beloAv the mouth of Ifa- 
 bella river, in which diflance it is 24 feet 
 deep, having a bottom of mud or foft fand, 
 and banks 20 feet perpendicular height ; 
 but N of the city this height is reduced to 
 4 feet. The Ozama is navigable for 9 or 
 10 leagues, and has feveral fugar manufac- 
 tories, tile kilns, and provifion farms on its 
 banks. The road before the mouth of the 
 Ozama is very indifferent, and lies expof- 
 ed from W S'w to E. It is impoiuble to 
 anchor in it in the tim.e of the fouth 
 winds; and the north winds drive the 
 veflels from their moorings out into the 
 fea, which here runs extremely high. The 
 port of St. Domingo is magnificent in ev- 
 ery refpcift ; a real natural bafon', with a 
 great number of careenings for the veflels 
 that can get at them. There is -a rock at 
 the entrance, which will only admit vef- 
 fels drawing • 8 or 20 feet water ; which 
 it is afferted might be removed without 
 great difficulty. The city of St. Domingo 
 was originally founded on the E fide of 
 
 the 
 
DOM 
 
 DOM 
 
 the Ozama, in 1494, by Bartholomew 
 Columbus, who gave it the name ot New 
 Ifabclla. Authors aflert that Chriftopher 
 Columbus gave it the name of his father, 
 and that the inhabitants of Ifabella on the 
 N coaft of theifland, founded by Chrifto- 
 pher Columbus in 1493, removed to New 
 Ifabella in 1496. In 1502 a hurricane 
 deftroyed moll: of its buildings, which in- 
 duced Ovando to remove the inhabitants 
 to the W fide of the river. The new city 
 was foou huilt, and that with a grandeur 
 of delign not unworthy the firft metropo- 
 lis of the New World. The plan of the 
 city is a trapezium of about 540 fathoms 
 on the E fide, along the Ozama ; near 
 500 fathoms on the S bordering on the 
 fea ; and of about 1800 fathoms in cir- 
 cumference. To the W and to the N of 
 the city, the land is rough and rocky for 
 about half a league, but after that it be- 
 comes good, and the country delightful. 
 Towards the fea the fcite of the city lies 
 very high, which forms an infurmouiita- 
 ble dyke againft the fury of the waves 
 It is furrounded with a rampart 8 feet in 
 diameter, and aboiit 10 feet high. There 
 is a great deal of ordnance at St. Domin- 
 go, particularly cafl: ordnance, but the 
 fortiiications are not ftrong ; and the 
 height of the Ileignes commands it en- 
 tirely ; and its crown is not more than 
 ^50 fathoms from the ditch. The ftreets 
 are fpacious, and (Iraight as a line, which 
 gives it a pleadng appearancci Ten of 
 thefe ftreets run from N to S, and 10 
 others from E to W. The greateft part 
 of the houfes, firft built, are of a fort of 
 marble found in the vicinity, and in the 
 ftile of the ancient towns of Spain and 
 Italy: thofe of a more leccnt conftruc- 
 tion are of tapia, a fort of pife. To erecSl 
 thefe buildings, a cafe is made of pla 'is, 
 between pillars of mafonry ; this cafe is 
 filled by degrees with a reddifli clay, 
 Avhich is rammed down as it is thrown in, 
 until it forms a folid, or fort of wall, be- 
 tween the pillars. The clay thus prefled 
 together, acquires an amazing hardnefs, 
 and the walls are fometimes fo folid and 
 flrong, that the pillars of mafonry are 
 ufelefs. The houfes of St. Domingo arc 
 tolerably handfome, in a fnnple ftilc, and 
 nearly uniform. A confiderablc part of 
 thefe, built v/ithin thefe few years, are of 
 wood, covered with the leaves or taches 
 of palm trees. The roofs are generally 
 platformcd, being ihaped fo as to condutSl 
 the rain water to the ciftcrns. The cli- 
 mate of the capital is, happilv, very tcm- 
 Voi,. I. T 
 
 perate. The nights of thofe months which 
 anfwer to the winter in F.uropc, are even 
 found to be cold. Among a number of 
 public edifices that merit attention, in this 
 declining city, we may reckon the ruins 
 of the houfe that Diego, fon of Chrifto- 
 pher Columbus, had begun, entirely of 
 hewn ftone. The walls are yet remain- 
 ing, and fome of the fculpture round the 
 windows. The roof and ceilings are 
 fallen in, the lower floor is become a pen 
 for cattle ; and a Latin infcription over 
 the portal, is now hidden by the hut of a 
 herdfman. The cathedral, of the fame 
 fort of ftone as the houfe of Diego Colum- 
 bus, ftands on the S E. Oppofite its en- 
 trance is a fine fpacious oblong fquare, at 
 the S W end of which is the town houfe. 
 The cathedral is a noble Gothic pile be- 
 gun in 1.51a, and finiihcd in 1540, and 
 was conftru(5ltd after the model of a 
 church at Rome. It merits admiration on 
 account of the boldntfsof its vault, which, 
 notwithftanding the ravages of earth- 
 quakes in its neighbourhood, has never, 
 till within thefe 15 or 20 years, had a 
 fingle flaw. The duft of Columbus reftcd 
 within this pile until the year 1796, when 
 it was removed. Here arc 3 converts for 
 men ; which have increaftd in import- 
 ance fince 1782 ; 2 nunneries, 3 hofpitals, 
 a college, and a gaol. The convent of 
 the Cordeliers was built by Ovando iu 
 1303, on a little hill containing a mine of 
 mercury* All the 3 paiochial churches 
 of St. Domingo, are beautiful, rich in or- 
 naments, in vafes of gold and filver fet 
 with precious ftones, in pitTtures, in ft.it- 
 ues of marble and of metal ; but the ca- 
 thedral furpafl*es the others in every re- 
 fpedt. The population of the city of St. 
 Domingo is not very confiderable ; yet it 
 is extraordinarily augmented fince the 
 year 1780. The ccnfus lately taken; 
 amounted to 20,000, of every age and fex* 
 But this is far below the exadl number. 
 The cenfus is taken by the Spanifh priefts 
 or vicars, who go from houfe to houfe to 
 verify thofe who do not perform their 
 pafchal duties. This lift does not com- 
 prehend children under 7 years of age, 
 nor heads of families abfent from their 
 home or from the city. But the princi- 
 pal caufe of the inexaclnefs, is, one half 
 of the parochial territory of the city is 
 on the outllde of the walls. This terri- 
 tory comprehends the part called the 
 Plains, a great part of the Mont dc Plate, 
 and again as well to the E as to the \V of 
 the city, a very conilderable number of 
 
 country 
 
BOM 
 
 fiOM 
 
 country feats and provlfion habitations, 
 where there are a great many families of 
 blacks, of people of colour, and white 
 cultivators; fo that there are always 5 
 or 6coo not included in the cenfus. Not- 
 withftanding the declining fituation of 
 the Spanifii territory of the iiland, it is 
 far more profperous than it was 60 years 
 ago. A cenfus even of 1737 fliows, that 
 the total population at that time did not 
 furpafs 6000 fouls, and the capital con- 
 tained hardly 5C0. The Spanifh capital 
 is 70 leagues E by S of Pore au Prince, 
 the road runs half the way along the fea 
 coaft, thi-ough Bany, Azua, and Ncybe, 
 and thence by the lakes Henriquelle and 
 Brackifli pond. In this route you have 
 to crofs two large rivers, Nifai and Neybe, 
 belide 1 1 fmaller ftreams. It is 90 leagues 
 S E of Cape Francois, going by the road 
 through St. Raphael, Azua, Sec. and about 
 100 leagues by that of Dahabon, St. 
 Yague, and La Vega. N iat. 18 19 30, 
 W ion. from Paris 7Z 37- 
 
 Dominica, the lafl: of the leeward Char- 
 aibeeor Caribbee iflands, taking them from 
 N W to S E ; but the Spaniards call it the 
 laft of the windward iilands. It is iituated 
 xbout half way betwixt Guadaloupe on 
 the N W, and Martinico on the S E, 15 
 leagues from each, between 15 ao and 15 
 44 30 N Iat. and between 61 17 and 61 30 
 W Ion. being about 29 miles in length from 
 Crab Point S, to the N W cape of Augufha 
 bay on the N ; and nearly 16 miles broad 
 from Raymond bay E, to Coulihaut on the 
 W ; and contains 1861436 acres of land, 
 and' is divided into 10 pariflies, viz. St. 
 John, St. Andrew, St. Peter, St. Jofeph, St. 
 Paul, Sr. David, St. George, St. Patrick, St. 
 Luke, and St. Martin. Tlie iiland con- 
 tains many high and rugged mountains, 
 interfperfed with fertile valiies, and is wa- 
 tered by upwards of 30 rivers, befide a 
 nuinber of rivulets. Several of the moun- 
 tains contain unextinguiibed volcanoes, 
 which frequently difcharge vaft; quantities 
 of burning fulphur. Here are feveral hot 
 fprings, efteemed efficacious in removing 
 tropical diforders. Some of the waters 
 are faid to be hot enough to coagulate 
 an egg. Here are vafi: fwarms of bees, 
 which produce a great quantity of wax 
 and h</uey ; they hive in the trees, and are 
 thought to have b^en tranfported from 
 Europe : the native bee oi the W. Indies 
 being a fmaller fpecies, improvided with 
 liings, and very different in its manners 
 fronv the European. The forefts afford 
 
 an Inexhaufllble quantity of rofe wood, fflf' 
 efteemed by cabinet makers. The fruits 
 and other produc5tions are fnuilar to thofe 
 in the neighbouring iflands ; but the foil 
 being generally thin, is more adapted to 
 the rearing of cotton than fugar. The 
 beft eye ftones that are known, are found 
 on the fliorcs of this iiland. They have 
 their name from the ufe which is made of 
 them, for clearing the eyes of any dirt. 
 They are fliaped like a lentil, fmooth 
 and fleck, but much fmaller, and of 
 a grey colour. The value of exports, ac- 
 cording to the current London prices in 
 1788, amounted to /.302,987-X5 ffer. in- 
 cluding exports to the American ftates, 
 value ^.7,164-5. The cargoes^ in i6a 
 veffels, confifted of 71,302 cwt. r qr. 21 
 lbs. of fugar ; 63,392 gall, of rum ; 16,803 
 gall, molaffes ; 1,194 cwt. 3 qrs. 2 lbs. 
 cacao; 18,149 cwt. 3 qrs. 6 lbs. coffee; 
 11,250 lbs. indigo ; 970,816 lbs. cotton ; 
 161 cwt. ginger, befide liides, dying woods, 
 &c. 'I'lic number of inhabitants, in the 
 fame year, appears to have been 1236 
 wiiites ; 445 free negroes, &c. and 14,967 
 ilaves. There are alfo about 30 families 
 of Charaibes, the remains of the ancient 
 natives. I'he only towns here of any 
 note are Charlotte town, the capital and 
 the feat ©f government, formerly called 
 Roffeau, on the S W fide of the iiland, and 
 Portfmouth, htuated at the head of Prince 
 Rupert's bay. Dominica, from its local 
 lituation, between Martinico and Guada- 
 loupe, is the beft calculated of all the 
 Britifli poffeihons in that part of the world, 
 for fecuring to her the dominion of the 
 Charaibbean fea. A few fliips of war in 
 Prince Rupert's bay would effeAually 
 ftop all intercourfe of the French fettle- 
 ments with each other, as not a veffel can 
 pai but is liable to capture, by fliips 
 cruifing off that bay, and to vsnndward of 
 the iiland. It is a feparate government 
 and a free port. The anchorage is good 
 all round the coaft of Dominica ; but it 
 has no port or bay for retiring into ; but 
 the veffels have the advantage of flielter 
 bthind many of its capes. It was difcov- 
 ered by Chriftopher Columbus, Nov. 3, 
 1493 ; and had its name from being difcov- 
 ered on a funday. It w^as taken by the 
 French In the late Vv^ar, and reftored to 
 Britain at the peace of 1783. 
 
 Dominica^ La^ one of the Marquefas 
 iflands, called by the natives Iluvaroa, is 
 the largeft of them all, extending E andW 
 6 leagues; is abouti6 leagues in circuit, full 
 
 oi 
 
DOR 
 
 BOU 
 
 <f?if rugged Jiills, and of a barren afpecl ; 
 but is" inhabited. S lat. 9 44. The Ion. 
 of the W end from Greenwich is 139 13'W. 
 
 Don Chrifiopher''s 6*oT.'f, lies on the N lidc 
 of the illand of Jamaica, having St. Anna's 
 bay on tlie W, and Mammee bay on the 
 S E. It is remarkable for having given 
 ilielter to the difcoverer of America, dur- 
 ing a ftorm, in 1503, and ibr being the 
 fcite of the old town of Sevilla de Nucva. 
 
 Born] on, an interior fettlement in the 
 French part of the ifland of St. Domingo, 
 3 leagues N W of St. Raphael in the Span- 
 ifla part, and 13 leagues E by N of Les 
 Gonaives. 
 
 Donegal. There are 3 townfliips of this 
 name inPennfylvania,i in liancalter co. of 
 2476, 1 in Weftmoreland co. ofi4ii, and 
 one in Wafliington co. of 76a inliabitantp. 
 
 Don Martlnde Majorca, a duller cf ifl- 
 ands in the Great S. Sea. Lat. 18 36 S, 
 Lon. 179 52 E from Paris. The inhabit- 
 ants are numerous, living in eafe and 
 plenty. Cocoa, banana, and lime trees ; 
 potatoes, and other edible roots grow 
 fpontaneoufly in great abundance. They 
 cultivate their grounds, weave cloth from 
 the bark of certain flirubs, and drefs them- 
 felves in a decent manner. They are 
 liofpitable and friendly, and would per- 
 liaps be as likely to receive gofpel MiiTlon- 
 aries, as any oth^r Savages ; but at prefent 
 it does net appear that they have any kind 
 of religion. They ar« great thieves. 
 
 Don River, in the eati riding of the 
 county of York, in U. Canada, difcharges 
 itfelf into York harbour. 
 
 Doobount Lake, is about 60 or 70 miles 
 long, and 20 or 30 broad ; lies S E of the 
 head of Chellerfield inlet, in N.S.Wales. 
 
 Dorcbejler, a townfliip in Grafton co. 
 N. Hampfliire, incorporated in 176 1. It 
 contains 349 inhabitants. It lies N E of 
 Dartmouth College about r 7 miles. 
 
 Dorchefter, an ancient and thriving tov.'-n 
 in Norfolk co. Maflachufetts, fettled as 
 early as 1630. A number of towns have 
 been taken off from, it fmce its firft fettle- 
 ment. It is a miles S by E of Boflon, and 
 is now about 6 miles long and 3-^- broad. 
 The chief manufactures here are paper, 
 chocolate, fnuff, leather, and flioes of va- 
 rious forts. It has a handfome church, 
 and 2347 inhabitants. The N E point of 
 the peninfula, called Dorclicfcer neck, ap- 
 proaches within half a mile of Caftle ifl- 
 and, and its N W point within half a mile 
 of the S part of Bolton. Forts were erecSfc- 
 edon the heights in the late war ; and this 
 town and its vicinity fuffered much dur- 
 ing the early part of the war. 
 
 DorLheJler in Cumberland co. N. Jerfey. 
 lies on the E fide of Morris R. about 5 
 miles from its mouth in the bay, and 1 7 
 eaftward of Fairf.eld. 
 
 Dorcbejler Co. in Maryland, lies on the 
 E fide ot Chefapeak bay ; on the S fide of 
 Choptank R. which feparates it from Tal- 
 bot CO. It has feveral i Hands on its coall: ; 
 the chief of thefe, from the mouth of Hud- 
 fon R. are, James, Taylor'dj Barren, Hoop- 
 er's, and Goldfborough's, which lafl lies 
 between Hungary R. and Fifliing bay. 
 The length of the county frcm E to W is 
 about 2:?! miles, and its breadth from N to 
 S 27 miles. The number of its inhabit- 
 ants 12,346, of whom 4566 are Haves. 
 The lands in the nothern parts are fome- 
 what elevated, but in the fouthern parts 
 jow and marfliy, particularly along Fi.fli- 
 ing bay, and up its waters, Tranfquaking, 
 Blackwater, and Fearim creek, and along 
 Hungary R. an arm of the Chefapeak. 
 The produce is chiefl}'^ wheat, corn, and 
 lumber. Its chief town is Cambridge. 
 
 Dorcbejler, a fmall town of Charlcilon 
 diftrift, S. Carolina, on the N E bank of 
 Afliley R. 18 miles W N W of Charleflon 
 citv. This place was fettled and named 
 as early as i 700, by a colonv from Dor- 
 chefter and its vicinity in Maflachufctts ; 
 and a part of its inhabitants, about the 
 year 1750, left it and fettled Alidway, in 
 Georgia. 
 
 DorcJuJicr Mount, is that ridge of moun- 
 tain running through the county of Lin- 
 coln in U. Canada, parallel to Ontario, and 
 isfuppofed to be a fpur of the Alleghan3^ 
 
 Dorcbejler Toivrf^ip, in the COUntV of 
 Norfolk, U. Canada, lies W of, and is ad- 
 joining to Dereham, fronting the river 
 'Fhamcs. 
 
 Dorfet, a townfliip in E-ennington co. 
 Vermont, having Rupert W, Manchcfler 
 S, and Danby N ; and contains 958 inh.ab- 
 itants, 27 miles N by E of Bennington. 
 
 Double Bridge, Lunenburg co. Virginia, 
 where is a poft office, 225 miles from 
 V/afliington. 
 
 Donglafs, a townfliip, the fouthernmofl: 
 in Worcefler co, Maffachufetts, having 
 the ftate of Rhode island on the S, and 
 that of Conne<Elicut on the S W, and 
 through it pafTes the middle road from 
 Bofton to N. York. It is a very rocky 
 townfnip, and contains 11 40 inhabitants. 
 It lies 18 miles S of Worcefler, and 48 S W 
 of Boflon. It Avas incorporated anno 
 1746, and received its name in honor of 
 William Douglafs, M. D. of Boft:on,a na- 
 tive of Scotland, and a coiiiisigr^.Me bene- 
 faclor to the town. 
 
 Doughifs^ 
 
DOV 
 
 t>KY 
 
 t>oughifs, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 CO. Pennfyivania on the N fide of the 
 Schuylkill, and has 1297 inhabitants. 
 
 Doitcrlafs, a cape on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, which forms the W. fide of the 
 entrance into Cook's R. oppofite Point 
 Bede, which forms the E fide. It is a very 
 lofty promontory, whofe elevated fummit 
 appears above the clouds, forming two ex- 
 ceeding high mountains. Lat. 58 56 N, 
 Ion. 206 10 E. 
 
 Daaty's Fal/s, in York CO. Maine, a place 
 where a pod office is kept ; 7 miles from 
 Berwick, and 8 from Sanford, 563 N from 
 Wailiington. 
 
 Dover, a townfliip in Norfolk cp. Maf- 
 fachufetts incorporated anno 1650. It 
 contains 511 inhabitants, and lies 17 miles 
 fouthward of Bofton. 
 
 Do-jer, a confiderablc poll town in Straf- 
 ford CO. N. Hampfliire, and the fliire town 
 of the county ; fituated on the fouthern 
 iide of Cochecho R. about 4 miles above 
 its junction with Salm^on Fall R. which 
 together form the Pifcataqua ; I2 miles 
 N W by N from Portfmouth^ l^he In- 
 dians named it Winichahanat, and Cpche- 
 cho ; by the firft fettlers, it v/as called 
 Northam. It was incorporated in 1633, 
 and contains 2062 inhabitants. The pub- 
 lic buildings are a Congregational church, 
 court houfe and gaol. At Dover is a 
 high neck of land, between the main 
 branch of Pifcataqua and Back R. about 
 two miles long, and half a mile wide, riiing 
 gently along a fine road, and declining on 
 eacli fide, like a fliip's deck. It coin- 
 mands an extenfive and variegated prof- 
 peift of t!ie rivers, bays, adjacent fliores, 
 and diftant mountains. It has often been 
 admired by travellers as an elegant fitua- 
 tion for a city, and by military gentlemen 
 for a fortrefs. The firfl: fettlers pitched 
 here, but the trade has long fince been re- 
 moved to Cochecho falls ; and this beau- 
 tiful fpot is almofi: dcfertedof inhabitants. 
 N lat. 43 II, W Ion. 70 50. 
 
 Dover, a townfliip in Monmouth co. N. 
 Jcrfey, between Shrewfoury and New 
 Stafford, and extends from the fea 
 to the county line. Although a large 
 townfliip, it contains only 910 inhabit- 
 ants, who live moflly upon the fea fliore. 
 There is but one church, the property of 
 a generous and benevolent individual ; 
 open to minifters of all denominations. 
 
 Do-jer, the metropolis and a poft town 
 of Delaware ftate, in Kent co. on the S W 
 fide of Jones creek, ahout 4^ miles N W i 
 from iu uiOyth, in the Delaware; 12, miles j 
 
 from Duck creek, 4S from ^llmingtmi, 
 and 76 - S W of Philadelphia. It contains 
 upwards lOO houfes, built pr'ncipally of 
 brick. There are 4 flreets, which iiiter- 
 fecSl each other at right angles, in the cen- 
 tre of the town. The area included with- 
 iij thefe interfetSlipns extends info a fpa- 
 cious parade ; on the E fide of which i? 
 an elegant fl:at^ houfe. The town has a 
 lively appearance, and drives on a conlidr 
 erable trade with Philadelphia, chiefly in 
 flour. N lat. 39 10, W Ion. 75 34. 
 
 Dover, a town in Yprkco. Pennfyivania, 
 qn Fpx Run, which falls into Conewagq 
 creek, near its mouth, in the Sufquchanna. 
 It contains a German Lutheran and Cal- 
 vinift church, united ; and about 40 
 houfes. 
 
 Dotvpie, or Doivns, a townfliip in Cumf 
 berland co. N. Jerfey. 
 
 DoT.vnings,a poft townof Pennfylvania,ia 
 Chert:er co. on the E fide of Brandywine 
 creek; 2i3 miles W by N of Philadelphia, 
 
 Dojy^o-zt'w, a village, where is a poft office, 
 in Bucks co. Pennfyivania, 15 miles N W 
 of Newton, and 33 W by N of Philadel-' 
 phia. 
 
 Draait, a pofl: town in Middlefex co. 
 on the northern bank of Merrimack R, 
 oppofite Patucket Falls. It contains 1 7. 74 
 inhabitants, and lies 30 miles N by W of 
 Bofton. 
 
 Drake, a harbour in California, fo call- 
 ed after the celebrated Sir Francis Drakt;, 
 who difcovered and took pofTcffion of the 
 peninfula qf California, for his miftrefs. 
 Queen Elizabeth. N lat. 28 15, W Ion. 
 
 in 39- 
 
 DrejJen, a pofl: town in IJncoIn co. 
 Maine, on the E bank of Kennebeck R. 9t 
 miles from Wifcallet Point, 1 2 S by E of 
 Hallowell, and 180 N by E of Bofton. 
 ^>van ifland is in this townfliip. 
 
 Drinnons Lick. See Jfff'erfons co. 
 
 Drippin-r Sprincr, Warren CO. Kentucky. 
 Here is a pofl: office, 855 miles W by S." 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Dromore, or Drumore, a townfliip in 
 Lancafter co Pennfyivania, has 1077 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Dronvneil Lands. See Orange co. N. York. 
 
 Drummond, or Accomac court houfe, in 
 Virginia, is on the poft road from Phila- 
 delphia to Norfolk, 20 miles from Belha- 
 ven, and 194 from Philadelphia. 
 
 i^rjo'f/;, a townfliip in Onondago co. N. 
 York, having UlyfTcs W, Virgil E, and 
 Owego S. Tlie centre of the town is S 
 miles E of the S end of Cayuga lake. 
 
 Dr^ Tortugas, See Toriuga. 
 
 Duanefhurpl>^ 
 
r>uD 
 
 DUN 
 
 Duancjhurgh, a pod; town in Albany CO. 
 N. York, containing 2787 inhabitants. 
 
 Dublin, a townfliip in Chtfliire co. N. 
 Hampfliire, on a branch of Ailiuelot R. 
 and N of the gr.at Monadnock, contain- 
 ing 1 188 inhabitants. It is 28 miles S E 
 (Of Charlcftown, and 63 W of Portfmout^>. 
 Incorporated in the year 1771. 
 
 Dublin, Loiver, a plealant town in Phi- 
 ladelphia CO. Penniylvania, ro miles NE 
 of Philadelphia, and as far S W of Briaol, 
 has 1495 inhabitants. Alfo, a townfliip 
 jn Hnntingdon co. in Pennfylvania, hav- 
 ing 978 inhabitants. 
 
 Dubois Lc^ke, in U. Canada, lies between 
 98 and 100° W Ion. from Greenwich, 
 and between the 48th and 50th parallel 
 of N lat. It lies to the weftward of lake 
 ^a Plnie, and receives the vi^aters of that 
 lake by river la Phiie, which ax-e carried 
 ir(l' again by the river Winipique, into the 
 great lake Winitapa or Winipique, and 
 from thence into Hudfon's bay. This 
 lake contains fome illands ; it has alfo a 
 back communication with lake la Pluiq, 
 to the northward J by inferior itreams. 
 
 Dacli, a river in Tenefiee, which rifes 
 pn the N W fide of the Cumberland 
 mountain. It runs a N W courfe, and 
 empties iato the Tcneflee in N lat. 36 W. 
 It is aoo yards wide 5 miles from its 
 jiiouth, which is 57 miles wefterly of 
 Nafliville; and is bpatable 90 miles. 
 
 Duck Creek Croft Kotuls, or Salifoury, a 
 confiderable and thriving poO: town in 
 the ftate of Delaware, fituatcd on Duck 
 Creek, which in part divides Kent and 
 Newcaftle counties. It contains about 
 joo houfes in one ftreet, and carries on a 
 coniiderable trade with Philadelphia, and 
 is one of the largeft wheat markets in the 
 ftate. Here is an Epifcopal church. It 
 lies 12 miles N by W of Dover, and 36 
 from Wilmington, and has a poft oflice. 
 
 Dud Jfiands, called the real ducks, in lake 
 Ontario, U. Canada, lie between Wolfe 
 illand and Point Traverfe 
 
 Ducktrap^ Maine, now Lininllc ; contain- 
 ing 278 inhabitants. Here is a poft office. 
 
 Dudley, a town in Worcefter co. Mafla- 
 chufetts, containing 1140 inhabitants. It 
 is 1 8 miles fouthward of Worcefter, and 
 60 S W of Bolton. 
 
 DudJ-well, a towndiip in L. Canada, 
 about 20 miles N E of Afcot, having about 
 50 inhabitants. The river St. Francis 
 palTes through the fouthern part of this 
 town, in a weftern courfe, and foon after 
 pirns N W, which courfe it purfucs till 
 If falls into the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Duffins Crpfl, in U. Can'ida, runs into 
 lake Ontario, in the townli;ip of Picker-, 
 ing, E of tlie river of Eafy Entrance, an(J. 
 is remarkable for the quantity of falmorj. 
 which refort to it. 
 
 Duida, a mountain of S. America, in the 
 range of Parima, lat. 3 13 N. It is a voir 
 cano. 
 
 Duke's Co. in Maflachufett??, compre- 
 hends Martha's Vineyard I. Chabaquid- 
 dick I. Noman's I. and the Elizabeth id- 
 ands ; fituated on the S E coafl: of the 
 ftate. Tiie number of inhabitants is 311S. 
 They fend 3 rcprtfentatives, and, in con- 
 junction withNant cket I. i fenator to tlic 
 General Court. Thefe illands arc defcrib- 
 ed itparately. Chief town, Edgarton. 
 
 i)./;;^m'j, a port of entry, and poft towa 
 in Virginia, and chief town of Prince 
 William CO. It lies on the N fide of 
 Qnantico creek, 4 miles above its entrance 
 into the Potowmack, and to miles from 
 Colchcftcr. Its public edifices are an 
 Epifcopal church, a court houfe and gaol. 
 The exports from this port for one year 
 ending the 30th of Sept. 1 794, amounted 
 in value to 8.5,635 dollars. It lies 28 miles 
 N by E of Frc(:crif:kiburg, and 185 S W 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Duvuner, a tounifliip uninhabited in 
 Grafton co. N. Hampfln're, incorporated 
 1773, 3 W of lake Umbagog, on the wa- 
 ters of Upper Anionoofuck. 
 
 Pummerfctvn, a townfliip in Windham 
 CO. Vermont, N of Braitleborough, con- 
 taining 1692 ifihabitants. In or near this 
 town ftocd old Fort Dummer. 
 
 Dunbarfon, a townfliip inHillfoorougii co. 
 N. Hamptliire, incorporated in 1765, and 
 containing 1222 inhabitants ; 9 miles S of 
 Concord, a>yd 36 W of Portfmonth. 
 
 Duncatifi»nrough, a tOAvnfliip of Orleans 
 CO. Vermtint, on the W fide of lake Mem- 
 phremagog, and has 50 inhabitants. 
 
 DuTiderber<y, in Engl i ill. Thunder hi! I, is 
 
 on the W fide of Hudfon R. at the S K 
 entrance ofthe Highlands, oppofite Peek's 
 Kill ; and is remarkable for its echoes. 
 
 Duticard's Bottom, a tracft of fine lands on 
 the E fide of Cheat R. in Virginia, about 
 22 miles from its mouth, and 49 W S W 
 from Fort Cumberland. 
 
 D->ndas Co. in U. Canada, is bounded on 
 the E by the county of Stormont, on the 
 S bv the river St. Lawrence, and on the 
 W by the eafternmoft bound iry line of 
 the late towniliip of Edwardiburgh, run- 
 ning N 24 deg. W, until it interfcds the 
 Ottawa or Grand R. thence defcending 
 that river until it meets the N weftern- 
 
 moft 
 
BUR 
 
 mof^ boundary of the county of Stormont. 
 The county of Dundas comprehends all 
 the iHands near it in the river St. Law- 
 rence. The boundaries of this county 
 were tdablinied by prochmation, the 
 i6th of July, 1793. It fends one reprc- 
 fentative to the provincial parliament. 
 Dunkard's Torvji, See Ephrata. 
 Dunlh-k, a poft town of King and QHeea 
 CO Virginia, 116 milfs from Wailiington. 
 Biinicp3, a fort on the W bank of little 
 Miama R. about la miles above Colum- 
 bia^ in the ftate of Qhio. 
 
 B:t7iftahle, a poft town in Hinfoorougli 
 CO. N. Hampihtre, on the W lide of Mer- 
 rimack R. below the town of Merrimack, 
 and leparated by the ftate line from Pep- 
 pcrel and Dunfiablc, in Middlefex co, 
 MafTachufetts. It was incorporated in 
 1746, and has 862 inhabitants, and lies 
 about 40 miles N W of Boi}:on. 
 
 Di.-njlcible, a townfliip of MalTachufctts, 
 in the northern part of jMiddlefex co. and 
 on the fouthern bank of Aderrimack R, 
 It contains 485 inhabitants, and lies 37 
 miles N wefterly of Bofton. 
 
 Duntvich Toiuftjhip, in the CO. of SufFolk, 
 in U. Canada, lies to the W of Southwold, 
 having the river Thames for its N, and 
 lake Erie for its S boundary. S?77yth. 
 
 Duparrc, a circular lake on the S E fide 
 of Plein R. or rather an enlargement of 
 the channel of that river, 5 miles from its 
 mouth. Plein and Theakiki there form 
 the Illinois, 
 
 Duplin Co. in Wilmington dlflric^, N. 
 Carolina, is bounded E by Onfiow, and S 
 W by Sampfon. The number of inliab- 
 itants is 6796, of whom 1864 are Have?. 
 The greater part of the farmers raife 
 wheat and rice, but generally cat bread 
 made of Indian corn. Cotton and fvvcet 
 potatoes are raifed in confiderable quan- 
 tities. The court houfe is 55 miles N of 
 Wilmington, 566 from Philadelphia. 
 Dn ^efne. Fort. See Pitffonrg. 
 Durand^ an uninhabited townfliip in 
 Grafton co. N. Hampfliire. 
 
 Durangn^ a town in the province of Za- 
 catecas, and audience of Guadalaxara, in 
 New Spain, 10 leagues from Nombre de 
 Bios, and is a bifliop's fee, at the conflu- 
 ence of feveral rivers which render it con- 
 venient for trade. 
 
 Durham^vi townfliip in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, on the S W bank of Androfcog- 
 gin R. which feparates it from Bowdoin 
 on the N E. It was incorporated in 
 1789, contains 124a inhabitants, and lies 
 145 miles N ea.^erly of Softon. M lat. 
 43 55- 
 
 Burham, a po/l town in Strafford co. N, 
 Hampfliire, on Oyflcr R. near where it 
 joins the Pifcataqua ; 12 miles W of 
 Portfmouth. It was incorporated in 1633, 
 and contains T126 inhabitants. It was 
 formerly a part of Dover, which adjoins it 
 on the N,and was called Oyfter R. On the 
 top of a hill in this town is a rock, com- 
 puted to weigh 60 or 70 tons, fo exactly 
 poifed on another rock as to be eafily 
 moved by one's finger. Its fituation y(p- 
 pears to be natural. 
 
 D :rkam, a pofl town in Netv Haven co. 
 Conneclicut, fettled from Guildford in 
 1698, and incorporated in 1708. It is 
 about 22 miles S W of Hartford, and 18 
 miles N E of Ncv.' Haven. It was called 
 CiT^hfre/ja^tfe by the Indians ; whieh name 
 a fmall rjver that chiefly rifes here, ftill 
 bears. It has 1029 inhabitants. 
 
 DiirharTty a townfliip in Bucks co. Penn- 
 fylvania, having 405 inhabitants. 
 
 Durham Co. in U. Canada, is bounded 
 on the E by the county of Northumber- 
 land ; on the S by lake Ontario, Until it 
 meets the Avefternmofl: point of Long 
 Beach, thence by a line running N, 16° 
 W, until it interfedls the fouthern boun- 
 dary of a traiSl of land belonging to the 
 MilTafTaga Indians ; and thence along the 
 faid tra6t, parallel to lake Ontario, until 
 it meets the N wefternmofl: boundary of 
 the county of Northumberland. 
 
 Durlork, Schoharie co. N. York. Here 
 is a pofl office, 449 miles N E of Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 D:!rof, a bay on th.e N fide of tlie S, 
 pcninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo. 
 
 Diitchrfs Co. in N. York, is on the E fide 
 of Hudfon R. It has the flate of Connec- 
 ticut on the E, Weft Chefler on the S, and 
 Columbia co. on the N. It is about 48 
 miles long, and 23 broad, and contains 15 
 townfliips, of which Poughkeepfie and 
 Fifli Kill are the chief. It contains 
 47,775 inhabitants, of whom 1609 are in 
 fiavery. Dutchefs co. fends 7 reprefenta- 
 tives to the aflembly of the flate. In the 
 year 1792, a remarkable cavern was dif- 
 covcred in this county, at a place called 
 by the Indians Sepai^'cot, at Rhynbeck. 
 A lad, by chance, pafiTing near its entrance, 
 which lies between two huge rocks, on 
 the declivity ofa fleep hill, on prying into 
 the gloomy rccefs, faw the top of a ladder, 
 bv which he defcended about 10 feet, 
 and found himfelf in a fubterraneous 
 apartment, more capacious than he chofe 
 to invefligate. He found, hov^-ever, that 
 it had been the abode of perfons, who 
 probably 
 
Dur 
 
 i)UT 
 
 probably during the war, had taken fiicl- 
 ter here, as bits of cloth, and pieces of 
 leather were fcattered about its floor. It 
 fmce appears to be divided by a narrow 
 paflage into two apartments ; the firft 
 being about i 7 feet in length, and fo low 
 that a child of 8 years old could but juft 
 walk upright in it ; the breadth is about I 
 8 or 10 feet. The fecond between la and 
 14 feet in length, but much higher and 
 broader than tlie firft. Like many other 
 caverns in the United Stares, it poflelTes 
 a petrifying quality ; and the water, which 
 is conflantly percolating through the 
 roofs of its apartments, has formed a va- 
 riety of tranfparent and beautiful ftalac- 
 tites. They have the appearance of ici- 
 cles, and may be broken oiF by the hand, 
 if not more than two inches in circum- 
 ference. But what is moft to be admired, 
 is the fkelcton of a large ihake, turned 
 into folid (tone by the petrifying quality 
 of the water beforementioncd. It was 
 with fome difficulty torn up with aa axe 
 from the rock it lay upon, and is now in 
 polTcflloa of the gentleman who explored 
 the cavern. A want of free air was ex- 
 perienced in the inmoft receiTes of the 
 cavern, by a dilTicult refpiration, though 
 the candles burnt very clear. The air 
 was alfo very warm. 
 
 Dutch America. The only pofTelTion 
 which the Seven United Provinces, now 
 called the Batavian Republic, retain on 
 the continent of America, is the province 
 called Dutch Guiana. A part of thefe 
 pofleffions have been lately taken by the 
 Engllfli. The illands in the W. Indies 
 belonging to the republic are St. Euftatius 
 and CuralTou. The fmali iiland of Saba, 
 near St. Euftatius, and the iflands Bonaire 
 and Aruba ; which are appendages to 
 Curaflbu, and chiefly improved in raif- 
 ing cattle and provisions for that iHand. 
 Dutch Guiana, in S.America, is bounded 
 N by the Atlantic ocean ; E by Cayenne ; 
 S by unexplored country called Amazo- 
 nia ; W by Oronoko, a Spanifli Icttle- 
 ment. It lies between 5 and 7 N lat. ex- 
 tending along the coaft from the mouth 
 of Oronoko R. to the river Marowyne. 
 Thefe fettlements were efteemed by ad- 
 miral Rodney, who captured them in 
 1780, as an acquifition of more value to 
 the Britifli empire, than all their W. In- 
 dia iflands. It is divided into 3 diftina 
 governments, viz. Surrinam, Berbifch, 
 ElTequebo, and Demarara. The two iafl 
 ^.re two diftfi(fls, forming one government. 
 A number of fiac rivers pafs through this 
 
 province; the chief of which arc Efle • 
 quebo, Surrinam, Demarara, Berbifch, 
 and Canya. Ellcquebo is 21 miles wide 
 at its mouth, and is more tlian 300 miles 
 in length The others are navigable, and 
 are defcrlbed under their diiTerent names. 
 I'hc chief towns are Paramaribo and 
 Staebroeck. In the months of Septem- 
 ber, Otilober, and November, the climate 
 is unhealthy, particularly to ftrangers. 
 The common difeafes are putrid and oth- 
 er fevers, the dry belly ache, and the 
 dropfy. 100 miles back from the fea, 
 you come to quite a difFerent foil, a hilly 
 country, a pure, dry, wholefome air, 
 where a fire Ibmetimes would not be dif- 
 agreeable. Along the fea coaft, the water 
 j is brackifli and unwholefome ; the air 
 I damp and fultry. The thermometer 
 j ranges from 75 to 90 througli the year. 
 JANE breeze never fails to blow from 
 } about 9 o'clock in the morning through 
 I the day in the hotteft fcafons. As the 
 I days and nights, throughout the year, are 
 very nearly of equal length, the air can 
 never become extremely heated, nor the 
 inhabitants fo greatly incommoded by the 
 heat, as thofe who live at a greater dif- 
 tance from the equator. The feafons 
 were formerly divided regularly into 
 rainy and dry ; but of late years fomuch 
 dependence cannot be placed upon them, 
 owing probably to the country's being 
 \ more cleared, by which means a free paf- 
 \ fage is opened for the air and vapours. 
 \ The water of the lov/er parts of the riv- 
 ers is bracklili, and unfit for ufe; and the f 
 inhabitants are obliged to make ufe of 
 . rain water, which is here uncommonly 
 fweet and good. About 70 miles from 
 the fea, on the river Surrinam, is a village 
 ; of about 40 or 50 houfes, inhabited by 
 j Jews. This village and the towns abovt- 
 : mentioned, virith the intervening planta- 
 j tions, contain all the inhabitants in this 
 ' colony, which amount to 3200 whites, 
 i and 43,000 Haves. The buildings on the 
 plantations are many of them coftly, con- 
 , venient and airy. The country around is 
 thinly inhabited with the native Indians, 
 . a harmiefo friendly fet of beings. They 
 i are, in general, fliort of ftature, but re- 
 I markably well made, of a light copper 
 : colour, ftraight black hair, without beards, 
 \ high cheek bones, and broad flioulders. 
 In tlieir ears, iiofcs, and hair, the women 
 wear ornaments of lilvcr, &;c. Both men 
 and \yomen go naked. One nation or 
 tribe of them tie the lower part of the 
 leg of the female children, when young, 
 
 with 
 
DUT 
 
 BtJT 
 
 ^h\i a cord bound very tight for the 
 breadth of 6 inches about the ancle, 
 ■which cord is never afterguards taken off 
 but to put on a new one ; by w hich means 
 the flefli, which fliould othefvvife grow 
 on that part of die leg, incrcafes the calf 
 to a great lize, and leaves the bone below* 
 nearly bare. This, though it muft render 
 them very weak, is reckoned a great 
 beauty by them. The language of the 
 Indians appears to be very loft. They 
 are mortal enemies to every kind of la- 
 bour ; but ncverthelefs, manufadVure a 
 few articles, fuch as very fine cotton 
 hamn\ocks, earthen water pots, baflcets, a 
 fed or yellow dye called Roucau, and 
 fome other triPies,all of whieh they bring 
 to town and exchange for fuch articles as 
 they (land in need of. They paint them- 
 fclves red, apd fome are curiouHy figured 
 with black. Their food conlifh chiefly 
 of Jifli and crabs and c^ffava, of which 
 thev plant great quantities, and this is 
 almofl the only produce they attend to. j 
 They cannot be faid to be abioluttly i 
 wandering tribes, but their huts being i 
 merely a few crofs flicks, covered with ' 
 branches, lb as to defend them from the | 
 rain and fun, they frequently quit their 
 habltafioas, if they fee occahon, and ef- ' 
 tablilb them elfewhere. They do not 
 fliun the whites, and have been fcrvicea- 
 ble aoainf) the runaway negroes. On 
 cacii fide of the rivers and creeks are fit- 
 uated the plantations, containing from 
 500 to 20CO acres each, in number about 
 550 in the whole colony, producing at 
 prefent annually about f 6,000 hhds. of 
 fugar, 12,000,000 Ih. coffee, 700,000 lb. 
 cocoa, 850,000 lb. cotton : All which ar- 
 ticles (cotton excepted) have fallen olF 
 within 15 years, at Icafl one third, owing 
 to bad management, both here and in 
 Holland, and to other caufes. Of the 
 proprietors of thefe plantations, not above 
 80 refide here. In the Avoods are found 
 many kinds of good and durable timber, 
 and fome woods for ornamental purpofe?, 
 particularly a kind of mahogany called 
 copic. The foil is perhaps as rich and as 
 luxuriant as any in the world ; it is gen- 
 traliy a rich, fat, clayey earth, lying in 
 fome places above tlie level of the rivers 
 at high water (which rifes about 8 feet) 
 and in moll places below it. Whenever 
 from a continued courfe of cultivation for 
 many year?, a piece of land becomes im- 
 poveri filed (tor manure is not known 
 liere") it is laid under water for a certain 
 number of years, and thereby regains its 
 
 fertility, and in the mean time a new plec^f 
 of wood land is cleared. This country 
 has never experienced thofe dreadful 
 fcourges of the W. Indies, hurricanes j 
 and droughts from the lownefs of the 
 land, it has not to fear ; nor has the prod- 
 uce ever been deftroyed by infedls or by 
 the blaft. In lliort,this colony, by proper 
 management, might become equal to Ja- 
 maica or any other. Land is not want- 
 ing; it is ilncly ijitericcled by noble riv- 
 ers, and abundant creeks ; the foil is of 
 the bell kind, it is well fituated, and the 
 climate is not very unhealthy, and is 
 growing better, and will continue fo to 
 do the more the country is cleared of its 
 woods, and cultivated. The rivers abound 
 with lilh, fome of which are good ; at 
 certain fcafons of the year there is plenty 
 of turtle. The woods abound with plenty 
 of deer, hares, and rabbits, a kind of buf- 
 faloe, and two fpecies of wild hogs, one 
 of which (the peccary) is remarkable for 
 having Jbmething like its navel on the 
 back. I'he woods are infcftcd xK'hh fev- 
 cral fpecies of tygers, but with no other 
 ravenous or dangerous animals. The 
 rivers are rendered dangerous by alliga- 
 tors from 4 to 7 feet long, and a man was 
 a fliort time fince crullicd between the 
 jaws of a fiib, but its name is not known. 
 Scorpions and tarantulas are found here 
 of a large fize and great venom, and other 
 infedls without number, fome of theme 
 I very dangerous and troublefome. The 
 j torporific eel alfo, the touch of which, by 
 means of the bare hand or any condndlor. 
 
 Serpents alfo, fome of which are venom- 
 ous, and others, as has been afTcrted by 
 many credible perfons, are from 25 to 50 
 feet long. In the woods are monkeys, 
 the floth, and parrots in all their varie- 
 ties ; alfo fome birds of beautiful plum- 
 age, among others the flamingo, but fe\v 
 or no ringing birds. The river Surrnamt 
 is guarded by a fort and two redoubts aC 
 the entrance, and a fort at Paramaribo, 
 but none of them of any flrength, fo that 
 one or two frigates would be fufficient to 
 make themfelves maflers of the whole col- 
 ony ; and never was there a people who 
 more ardently wiflied for a change of 
 government than the inhabitants of this 
 colon)^ The interior government con- 
 fids of a governor and a fupreme and in- 
 ferior council ; the members of the latter 
 are chofen by the governor from a dou- 
 ble nomination of the principal inhabit- 
 ants, and thofe of the former in the fame 
 
 manner. 
 
BUX 
 
 E AS 
 
 manner. By thefe powers, and by a mag- 
 illrate prefiding over all criminal affairs, 
 juftice is executed and laws are enabled 
 xiecefTary for the interior government of 
 the colony ; thofe of a more general and 
 public nature are enadted by the direiSlors, 
 and require no approbation here by the 
 court. The colony is guarded farther by 
 about 1600 regular troops, paid by the 
 directors. Thefe troops, together with 
 a corps of about 250 free negroes, paid 
 by the court here, and another fmall corps 
 cf chaifeurs, and fo many flavcs as the 
 court thinks fit to order from the plant- 
 ers from time to time, are difperfcd at 
 pofis placed at proper diftances on a Cor- 
 don, furrounding the colony on the land 
 fide, in order, as far as poffible, to defend 
 the diltant plantations and the colony in 
 general from the attacks of feveral dan- 
 gerous bands of runaway fiaves, which 
 from very fmall beginnings have, from 
 the natural prolificacy of the negro race, 
 and the continual addition of frefla fugi- 
 tives, arrived at fuch an height as to have 
 coll the country very great fums cf money 
 and much lofs of men, without being able 
 to do thefe negroes any efFeclual injury. 
 This colony was firfi poffefi'ed by the 
 French as early as the year 1630 or 40, 
 and was abandoned by them on account 
 of its unhealthy climate. In the year 
 i6jo it was taken up by fome Engliflimen, 
 and in i66z a charter was granted by 
 Charles 11. About this time it was con- 
 fiderably augmented by the fettlement of 
 a number of Jews, who had been driven 
 out of Cayenne and the Brazils, whole 
 defcendants (with other Jews) compofe 
 at prefent one half of the white inhabit- 
 ants of the colony, and are allowed great 
 privileges. In 1667 it was taken by the 
 Dutch, and the EngHfli having got pof- 
 fefllon about the fame time of the then 
 Dutch colony of N. York, each party re- 
 tained its conquefi:, the Englifli planters 
 mod: of them retired to Jamaica, leaving 
 their fiaves beliind them, whofe language 
 is ftill Englifli, but fo corrupted as not to 
 be undcrftood at firfl: by an Engliili!r:an. 
 At prefent this colony is in the poflefiion 
 Of the Britifii. 
 
 Dutchman s Point, a point of land on the 
 Vermont fide of lake Champlain, about 
 16 riiiles S of the Canada line. The Brit- 
 ifli held a ftockaded hut hcte, garrifoned 
 by 6 foldiers, after the peace of 1 783. It 
 has fincc been delivered up to the United 
 States. 
 
 Duxhorciigh, a maritime and poft town 
 Vol. I. U 
 
 In Plymouth co. Maflachufetts, incorpo- 
 rated in 1637. Twenty veffels, the greater 
 part from 60 to 90 tons, are owned here. 
 It is a healthy town, and contains 1664 
 inhabitants. It lies N by W ot Plymouth, 
 3 miles acrofs Plymouth bay by water, 
 and 8 round by land, and 38 S E by S of 
 Boflon. Within the harbour are Clarke's 
 I. confifting of about 100 acres of excel- 
 lent land, and Sauquifli I. which was for- 
 merly joined to the Gurnet, by a narrow 
 piece of fand ; but the water has infulat- 
 ed it. The Gurnet is an eminence at the 
 fouthern extremity of the beach, on which 
 is a light houfe built by the flate. I'he 
 Indian name of the town was Aiattakee- 
 fct, or Namakeefet. It was fettled by 
 Capt. Standilli and his afTociatcs. The 
 captain (the military commander of the 
 colony) came to Plymouth with the fn (I 
 fcttlers in 1620. A hill in the town is now 
 called the Captain's Hill. 
 
 Diixbtiry, a tovvnfliip in Chittenden co. 
 Vermont, about 7,0 miles S E of Burling- 
 ton, and contains 153 inhabitants. 
 
 ./ J ARL, a tovvnfliip in Lancafler cd, 
 Pennfylvania, and has 3669 inhabitants. 
 
 Eiiftanallee, the N E head branch of Al- 
 abama R. in Georgia, on which ftands the 
 town of Eaflanallee. 
 
 Eap Ando'ver, a town in York co. Maine, 
 90 miles N W of Portland, having 175 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Eaji Bay, is ah arm of lake Champlain, 
 which from its S point projedls cafhvard. 
 
 Ea/l Bethlehem, a tovvnfliip in Wafliing- 
 ton CO. Pennfylvania, has 1 461 inhabitants. 
 
 Eajl Camp, a village of N. York, in Co- 
 lumbia CO. on the E bank of the Hndfon, 
 7 miles above Red Hook, 13 N of N. York. 
 
 Eafi Chejler, a townihip in Weft Chefler 
 CO. N. York, on Long I. found, about 8 
 miles S W of Rye, 5 northerly of Weft 
 Chefter, and 1 7 N E of N. York. It con- 
 tains 738 inhabitants. 
 
 Eaf^er, an ifle in the Pacific ocean ; S 
 lat. 27 II, W loo. Ill K^. It is barren, 
 and has no frefli water, except in the cra- 
 ter of an extinguiflicd volcano. The na- 
 tives are fomctimes driven to the necefGty 
 of drinking fca water. They are about 
 20C0 fouls, a thievifli, lewd race of mor- 
 tals. Their foil is fertile; yams, pota- 
 toes, bananas, are their principal fupport. 
 They live in fmall comnuinitics, each 
 party occupying one common habitation, 
 difregarding'the laws of chaftity, and the 
 folemnity 
 
EAS 
 
 EAS 
 
 folemnity of the marriage rite. One of 
 thefe dwcllirlgs, which has been meafured, 
 is 310 feet long, 10 wide, and 10 high. 
 The roof being fupported by pillars of 
 lava, the only kind of flones in the ifland. 
 
 Eajlern D'ijlriSl^ The^ in U. Canada, was 
 originally conftituted and erected into a 
 diflriiSt, by the name of the diftridl of 
 Lmienburgh, in the province of Quebec, 
 by Lord Dorchefter's proclamation of the 
 a4th Jnly, 1788; and was taken princi- 
 pally off' the W end of Montreal. It re- 
 ceived its prefent name by an ait of the 
 provincial legillature : it is bounded eaft- 
 erly by the province of Lower Canada ; 
 foutherly by the river St. Lawrence ; 
 northerly by the Ottawa river ; and weft- 
 crly by a meridian pafling through the 
 mouth of the Gananoq^ue R. in the town- 
 fliip of Leeds. Sinyth. 
 
 Eofiern IJland^ CH the E Hde of Chefa- 
 pcak bay, at the mouth of Chefter R. 
 
 Eajiern Precin6l^ in Somerfet CO. N. Jcr- 
 fey, contained, in 1790, 2068 inhabitants, 
 of whom 468 were flaves. 
 
 Eajlern River, a. fettlement in Hancock 
 CO. Maine, containing, in 1790, 240 in- 
 habitantSi 
 
 E'lJlertoK, a village in Dauphin co, Penn- 
 fylvania, on the E fide of Sufquehanna R. 
 4 miles N by W of Harrilburg, and in 
 N W by W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Eajl Florida. See Florida. 
 
 Eafi Greeniuich, a poft town, and the 
 chief townlliip in Kent co. Rhode liland ; 
 16 miles S of Providence, and aa N N W 
 of Newport, and contains 1775 inhabit- 
 ants. The compact part, called Green- 
 wich town, has a number of dwelling 
 houfes, a meeting houfe, and handfome 
 court houfe ; and, although its commerce 
 is greatly reduced, carries on the iifheries 
 to advantage, and fends fome veiTels to the 
 W. Indies. It is fituated on the N W part 
 of Narraganfet bay. Both this town and 
 Wanvkck are noted for making good ci- 
 der ; and formerly for railing tobacco for 
 exportation. 
 
 EaJlHadJum,A pofl: towninMlddlcfex co. 
 ConneCHcut, on the E fide of Connecticut 
 R. oppofice to Haddam, of which it was 
 formerly a part. It was fettled in 1704, 
 and lies 14 miles fouthwardly of Middle- 
 ton, 21 miles N W of N. London, and has 
 aSo.? inhabitants. 
 
 Eaflbamy d poft town in Barnllable co. 
 Maffachufetts, 6 miles long, and 2^ wide. 
 It is on the peninfula of Cape Cod between 
 Orleans and Wellfleet. Its diftance from 
 BoHoG by the road is 94 miles, a^nd ia a 
 
 flraight line 68. Above 1000 bufliels of 
 corn are annually fent to market from 
 this town. Five and twenty years ago a 
 threefold quantity was exported. The 
 forefts having been cut down, the wind 
 has made a large part of the townfliip 
 like a defert of fand, but enclofures and 
 beach grafs promife to preferve the fer- 
 tile grounds. There are 659 inhabitants 
 in 122 families, inhabiting 99 dwelling 
 houfes, only 7 of which are 2 (lories high. 
 At the diftance of a mile a light houfe 
 was ere<fled on the high lands of Cape 
 Cod, in 1798. The town contains a 
 meeting houfe, which was lately enlarged 
 and repaired, and 2 fchool houfes. Here 
 and at Orleans the Naufet Indians for- 
 merly dwelt; Lat. 41 51 N, Ion. 69 56 W. 
 
 Eq/l Hampton, a townfliip in Hampfliirc 
 CO. Maffachufetts, 6 miles S of Northamp- 
 ton, and 105 W by S of Bofton. It con- 
 tains 586 inhabitants, and is divided from 
 the W bank of Connedricut R. by the 
 celebrated mountain called Moi/nt "Tom. 
 
 Eajl Hampton, a handfome town in Suf- 
 folk CO. N. York, on the S E coaft of Long 
 Ifland, 12 miles E N E of South Hampton, 
 and 105 E of N. York city. It has a 
 Prefbyterian church, an academy, and 
 about 80 dwelling houfes in one ftreet. 
 The townfliip contains 1549 inhabitants. 
 Gardner's Ifland is annexed to this town. 
 
 Eafi Hartford, in Hartford co, Connec- 
 ticut, lies on the E bank of Connecticut 
 R oppofite to Hartford; The compacSfc 
 part of it lies in one broad ftreet a mile 
 and a half in length. Here are a number 
 of mills on the different ftreams which 
 water the town ; alio iron and glafi 
 works. It has 3057 inhabitants. 
 
 Eafi Haven, a townfliip in New Haven 
 CO. Connecticut, on the E fide of New- 
 Haven harbour. There is a fort 2 mile* 
 from the mouth of the bay oppofite 
 Smith's point to defend the paffage. The 
 Scotch Captain and other fmall iflots and 
 rocks lie on the S fliore. It has 1004 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 r^fi Haven, a townfliip in Effex co. Ver- 
 mont, W of Maidftone, it miles S E of 
 the fouthern end of Wilioughby's lake, 
 and j8 N by W of tJie upper bar of the 
 15 mile falls on Connecticut R. 
 
 Eafi Kingjlon, in Rockingham co* N. 
 Hampfliirc, a part of Kingfton ; which, 
 fee. It contains 392 inhabitants. 
 
 Eafi Main, is that part of New Britain, 
 or Labrador, in N. America, which lies 
 on the E fide of James bay ; as part of 
 New South Wales oa the W fide of the 
 
EAS 
 
 EDE 
 
 fame bay is called M'^eji Main. The ITud- 
 fon bay faAory called Eafl: Main, is Rtu- 
 ated on the S part of Eafl: Main, between 
 Rupert and Slade rivers, both of wliich 
 run weftward into James bay. 
 
 Eajlon^ a pofl town of Pennlylvania, and 
 •capital of Northampton co. pleafantly fit- 
 uated at the mouth of the Lehigb ; and 
 •on the W fide of Delaware R. It is reg- 
 ularly laid out, and contains about ijo 
 conipacL dwelling houfcs, a church, court 
 houfe, rcgifter's office, and an academy, 
 and 1045 inhal^itants. It is 12 nules N 
 E of Bethlehem, and 70 N of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Eajlofiy the chief and port town of Tal- 
 bot CO. Maryland, formerly called Talbot 
 Court Houfe, is on the E fide of Chefa- 
 peak bay, near the forks of Treadhaven 
 R. 12 miles from its junclion with Chop- 
 tank R, It has a handfome court houfe, 
 and market houfe ; about 150 dwelling • 
 houfcs, and feveral ftores for the fupply 
 of the adjacent country. It is 5 miles S 
 wefterly of Williamfburg, 37 S of Chefter 
 Town, and n8 S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Eaflon^ a towafliip in Wafliington co. 
 N. York. It has 3069 inhabitants. 
 
 Enfion^ or Eajioivn, a pofi: town, im]X>rt- 
 ant for its iron manufactures, fituated in 
 Brifiol CO. MgfTachufetts, near the head of 
 RaynhamR. 6 miles NWof Raynham,and 
 12 W of Bridgewater. It contains 1550 
 inhabitants. The befi: miUfaws in the fiate 
 are made here. The art of making ftcel 
 was introduced here by Capt. Eliph.I^eon- 
 ard, in 1786. It is made in quantities; 
 and is cheaper than imported fteel, and 
 equal in quality for large work, fucb as 
 plough fliares, horfe ilioes, ,&c. which re- 
 quire large quantities of bard fteel. But 
 for edge tools, in general, it is found to be 
 of inferior quality to what is imported, j 
 The manuta(5ture of Linfeed oil began 
 here in 1792, and from an annual ftock 
 of 3000 bufliels of feed, there has been 
 annually produced near 5000 gallons of 
 oil. 
 
 Eafons Beacb and Bay^ lie at the fouth- 
 crn end of Rhode Ifland. 
 
 Ejfoivn, in Wafliington co. N. York, on 
 the E bank of Hudfon R. formerly the 
 eafterly part of Saratoga, and has Cam- 
 bridge E ; containing 3072 inhabitants. 
 
 Eajlport, a poft town in Wafliington co. 
 Maine. This townfhip forms the weftern 
 cape of Paflamaquoddy bay, and the 
 mouth of Kobbefkook R. It is the re- 
 moteft incorporated townfliip on the 
 Wifiera boundary of Maine, and of the 
 
 United States. Quoddy Head makes a 
 paTt of the townfliip, between which and 
 Campo Bcllo Ifland is what is called the 
 Weft PafTage. It lies 888 miles N E from 
 Wafliington, and about ao E of Machias. 
 
 Ecif Ji. in the ftate of N- York, and the 
 waters of North or Hudfon R. form York 
 I. The communication between North 
 R. and Long I. found is by Eaft R. along 
 the eafl:ern ilde of N. York ifland. 
 
 Eafty or North Haven, or ^^inepauge R. 
 in Connedlicut, rifes '\i\ Southington, not 
 far from a bend in Farmington R. and 
 paifing through Wallingford and North 
 Haven, empties into New Haven harbour. 
 It has been contemplated to connecH: the 
 fource^f this river with Farmington R. 
 
 Eajl Toivn, in Chefter co. Pennfylvania, 
 "has 444 inhabitants. 
 
 Eafi Whitdand, a townflilp in Chefter 
 CO. Pennfylvania, has 642 inhabitants. 
 
 Eajl JVindfor, a townfliip in Hartford 
 CO. Connedlicut ; feparated from Windfor 
 by Conncd:icut R. and about 7 miles N 
 E X)f Hartford. The compact part of the 
 town lies on one broad ftreet of about 7, 
 mites in lenglli. In the townfliip are 3 
 Congregational churches. The lands are 
 fertile ; and befide thofe articles common 
 to the ftate, produce large quantities of 
 good tobacco. It has 2766 inhabitants. 
 
 EatoK, a townfliip in L. Canada, E of 
 Afcot, adjoining, having 400 inhabitants. 
 A fouthern branch of St. Francis R. pafl'es 
 through this town. 
 
 Eaton, a town in the northern part of 
 Strafford co. N. Hampfliire ; 3 miles N of 
 the Great OflTipee lake, and about 56 N by 
 W of Portfmouth. It was incorporated 
 in 1766, and contains 381 inhabitants. 
 
 Eatontoivn, improperly called Edentovvn, 
 a pleafant village in N. Jerfey, about a 
 mile S of the town of Shrewft)ury, in the 
 fame townfliip. It is a place of fomc 
 bufinefs and thriving. 
 
 Ebene-zer, the capital of Effingham co. 
 Georgia, feated on the S W bank of Sa- 
 vannah R. 5 miles from Abercorn, 25 N 
 N W of Savannah, 75 S E of Louifville, 
 and 860 SW of Philadelphia. It con- 
 tains but a few houfes, lefs than a dozen, 
 going to decay ; and a decent brick 
 church. It was fettled in I755> by a 
 number of Proteftants driven out of Saltf- 
 burg,in the EleAorate of Bavaria, by per- 
 fecution, 
 
 Eddyinlle, a poft town, Livingfton ca. 
 Kentucky, 821 miles W by S from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Eden^ a poft town in Hancock co. Maine, 
 incorporated 
 
EDG 
 
 EEL 
 
 incorporated in 1796, taken from the 
 northerly part of Mount Dcfert. This 
 iiland is 764 miles carter ly from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Eden^ a townfiiip in Orleans co. Ver- 
 mont, N W of Craftfbury, adjoining. 
 
 E'h'nton^ a diftridt on the fcacoaft of N. 
 Carolina, bounded N by the ftate of Vir- 
 ginia ; E by the ocean ; "W by Halifax 
 diftri'il, and S by Newbern. It is fubdi- 
 vided into 9 counties, viz. Chowan, Paf- 
 Quotanlc, Perquimins, Gaces, Hertford, 
 Bertie, and Tyrrel. It contains 56,986 
 inhabitants, of whom 21,63^ are flaves. 
 Its chief town is Edenton. The wood is 
 chiefly pine, oak, cyprefs, and juniper ; 
 of all which there is abundance. The 
 lands in this diftritSt are level, rich, and 
 remarkably well watered. Almoft half 
 the inhabitants are in Havery. 
 
 EJenton^ the capital of the above diftri<5t, 
 is a poft town and port of entry, at the 
 head of a bay on the N fide of Albemarle 
 found, and at the N E fide of the opening 
 of Chowan R. It contains above 150 in- 
 different wooden buildings, a few hand- 
 fome ones, and 130a inhabitants, of whom 
 713 are (laves. The public buildings are 
 an ancient brick Epifcopal church, a 
 court lioufe and gaol. In or near the 
 town lived the proprietary, and the firfl 
 of the royal governors. Its fituation is 
 advantageous for trade, but unhealthy ; 
 which doubtlefs has tended to retard its 
 profperity. Its exports in the year end- 
 ing Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to the value 
 of 50,646 dolls. It is 97 miles N of New- 
 bern, 257 N N E of Wilmington, 139 S E 
 of Pcterlburgh, and 440 S S^'W of'phila- 
 delphia. N lat. 36 6, W Ion. 77 ii. 
 
 EdJyJloivn, A plantation in Hancock co. 
 Maine, W fide of Penobfcot R. 
 
 Ei^arton^ a port of entry and pofl: town 
 of Mailachufetts, and the chief town of 
 Duke's CO. fituated on the E fide of the 
 ifland of Martha's Vineyard. I'he fertile 
 ifland of Chrtbaquidick is within the ju- 
 rifdiclion of Edgarton ; which has a fmall 
 trade to the W. Indies. The exports in 
 1 7 94, for one year ending September 30th, 
 amounted to its'] dollars value. It lies 
 about 14 miles S of Barnlbable county, on 
 the main, and 100 miles S S E of Bofton 
 It was incorporated in 1 671, and contains 
 I2a6 inhabitants. 
 
 Edgcomh, formerly Freetown, a townfiiip 
 in Lincoln co. Marne, E S E of WifcafTctp 
 adjoining, containing 989 inhabitants. It 
 was incorporated in 1774, and lies 180 
 miles N by E cf Bofion. 
 
 Eifgcomh, a county of Halifax diftriA, 
 N. Carolina, bounded S by Pitt co. S W 
 by* Wayne co. and Tar R. which affords 
 it communication with feveral counties in 
 the ftatc ; W by Nafli co. and E by Mar- 
 tin and Halifax counties. It contains 
 9898 inhabitants, of whom 3580 are flaves. 
 
 Edgefield, a diitriiSl in S. Carolina, bound- 
 ed N by Saluda R. which divides it from 
 Newbury diftrid: ; S W by Savannah R. 
 which feparates it from the ftate of Geor- 
 gia ; W by Abbeville. The ridge of ele- 
 vated land, which divides the waters of 
 Saluda from thofe of Savannah R. pailes 
 nearly through the middle of the county. 
 Edgefield difl;ri<5t is about 44 miles long, 
 an^ ^4 broad. 
 
 Edgefield Court Hoiife^ in tlie above dif- 
 tricl, where is a poft office, is 20 miles 
 from Abbeville court houfe ; 25 from 
 Augufta, and 60 from Columbia. 
 
 Edgemoiity a townihip in Delaware co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 509 inhabitants. 
 
 Edifo, or Ponpon^ a navigable river in S. 
 Carolina, which rifes in two branches 
 from a remarkable ridge in the interior 
 part of the ftate. Thefe branches unite 
 below Orangeburgh, which (lands on the 
 N fork, and form Edifto river, which, 
 having paffed Jackfonburg, leaving it on 
 the S, branches and embraces Edifto, and 
 I'everal fmaller ifles. For large boats it is 
 navigable 100 miles. 
 
 Ed:jiv,\vi Orangeco. S. Carolina. Hereis 
 a polt office, 577 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Edtvard, Eort, an old fortrefs now in 
 ruins, on the E bank of Hudfon R. in the 
 townlliip of Argyle, which fee. 
 
 Edtvard, sl fort in Nova Scotia, in the 
 town of Windfor, in Hants co. faid to be 
 large enough to contain 200 men. It is 
 fituated on Avon R. which is navigable 
 thus far for veffels of 400 tons ; thofe of 
 60 tons can go^ miles higher. 
 
 EdTvardfburgh Toivnjkip, in the county 
 of Grenville, in U. Canada, is the 7th 
 townibip in afcending the river St. Law- 
 rence. 
 
 Est R'l'ver Indians^ inhabit the lands on 
 Eel R. a head branch of Wabaflx R. They 
 were lately hoftile ; but ceded fome land 
 at the mouth of the river to the U. States, 
 at the treaty of Greenville, in 1 795 ; when 
 government paid them a fum of money, 
 and engaged to pay them in goods, to the 
 value of 500 dollars annually for ever. 
 
 Ed Cove and River, IJ'anfe et la Riviere a 
 
 rAngui'le, on the S fide of Chaleur bay, is 
 
 about 3 leagues W from Maligaflt. This 
 
 cove abounds with falnjon, and great 
 
 ^;- quantities 
 
EIG 
 
 ELI 
 
 quantities of that fifli is taken annually, 
 bv a few inhabitants who are fettled here. 
 
 Efingham, formerly Leavitftown, a town- 
 fliip in StrafTbrd co. N. Hampiliirc, S E 
 of Offipee pond, on Oflipee R. incorpo- 
 rated in 1766, and has 451 iniiabitants, 
 
 EjJinghAin Co. in the lower diftri^l of 
 Georgia, is bounded by Savannah R. on 
 the N eaftward, which feparatcs it from 
 S.Carolina; by Ogeechee R. on the S 
 iveftward, which divides it from Liberty 
 CO. It contains 207a inhabitants, inckid- 
 ing 76a faA'es. Chief towns, Ebenescr 
 and Elberton. 
 
 E^g Harbour y a town in Gloucefter co, 
 N. Jerfey, on Great Egg Harbour ; famous 
 for the exportation of pine and cedar. 
 
 Egg Harbour R. Greet and Little. Great 
 Egg Harbour R. rifes between Gloucefter 
 and Cumberland counties, in N- Jerfey. 
 After running E S E a few nailes, it be- 
 comes the divifional line between Cape 
 May and Gloucefter counties, and falls 
 into the bay of its own name. The inlet 
 from the Atlantic ocean lies in 39 zz. 
 The river abounds with flieepfhead, rock- 
 fiili, perch, oylters, clams, &c. which find 
 a ready market at Philadelphia. This 
 river is navigable ao miles for veflels of 
 200 tons. Little Egg Harbour Inlety lies 
 about 1 7 miles N E of Great Egg Harbour 
 Inlet. It receives Mulicus R. which rifes 
 in Gloucefter and Burlington counties, 
 and forms part of the divifional line a 
 few miles from the bay. It is navigable 
 10 miles for veflels of 60 tons. The town- 
 fliip of Little Egg Harbour^ in Burlington 
 CO. confifts of about a.^,000 acres ; the 
 rnofl: of which, being chin and barren, is 
 not under improvement. The compacSt 
 part of thetownfliip is called Clam Toivn^ 
 where there is a meeting houfe for Friends, 
 and about a dozen houfes. It has a fmall 
 trade to the W. Indies. During the late 
 war captains Fergufon and Collins burnt 
 'a number of privateers and other veffels 
 in Little Egg Harbour, and dellroyed the 
 place. 
 
 Egg /.a fmall ifland on the N E fide of 
 Delaware bay in Cumberland co. 
 
 Egmont, an ifland in the S. Pacific ocean, 
 difcovered by Capt. Carteret. The Span- 
 iards called it Santa Cruz. S lat. 19 lo, 
 E Ion, from Greenwich 164 30. 
 
 Egremonf, a townfliip in Berkfliire co. 
 Maffachufetts, containing 835 inhabitants, 
 incorporated in 1760 ; 15 kiilcs SW of 
 Stockbridge, and 145 W of Boflon. 
 
 Eighteen Mile, or Long Beach, on the 
 
 ?oafl of N. Jerfey, lies between Little 
 
 Egg Harbour Inlet, and that of Barnegat. 
 
 Elbert^?i co.intheupper dillrldl of Geor- 
 gia, betw. en Tugulo and Broad rivers, 
 I'he S E corner of the co. is at their ccui- 
 fiuence, at the town of Peterfburg. On 
 the N W it is bounded by Erankhn co. 
 It is divided into i 7 townfliip?, and con- 
 tains 10,094 inhabitants, of whom 2816 
 are flaves. 
 
 Elberton, the feat of juftice in the above 
 CO. is Z3 miles N W of Peterlburg, and 30 
 S E of Franklin court houfe. Here is a 
 poiloiBce. 
 
 Elberton, a pofl town in EtTu^igham co, 
 Georgia, on the NE bank of Ogeechee R. 
 It is about 19 miles W of Ebenezer, 48 
 N W of Savannah, and SS ^ EofLouifville. 
 
 Elbotv L in the N weitern part of 
 lake Superior in U. Canada, lies to the N 
 E of the Grand Portage, and W of Ifle 
 Maurepas. 
 
 Eluthcra, or Alahajler, one of the Baha- 
 ma or Lucava iilands, where above 60 
 families formerly fettled under Dcp. Gov. 
 Holmes, and ercdied a fmall fort. 
 
 Elias, Mount St. a mountain near the 
 flaore of the N W coaft of America, N W 
 of Admiralty bay, and S E of Prince 
 William's found. 
 
 Elizabeth, Cafe. See Cafe ElizahdL jflld 
 Cafcn Bay, 
 
 Elizabeth City Co. in Virginia, lies be- 
 tween York and James rivers, having 
 Warwick and York counties on the W, 
 and Chefapeak bay on the E and N. 
 There are feveral fmall iflands on its fea 
 coaft, the chief of which arc Long and 
 Egg iflands. Point Comfort is the S eafi;- 
 ern extremity of the co. It contains 
 IZ56 free inhabitants, and 1522 Haves. 
 
 Ellzaheth City, Pafquatank CO. N.Caro- 
 lina, Here is a pofl otEce, 299 miles from 
 Wailiington. 
 
 Elizabeth IJlamh, feveral fmall iHands on 
 the S E fide of Buzzard's bay, extending S 
 wefterly from the extremity of Barnftable 
 CO. in MafTachufetts, and bearing N W 
 from Martha's Vineyard ; fituated be- 
 tween 41 24 and 41 32 N lat, and between 
 70 38 and 70 56 W Ion. They are about 
 16 in number; the chief of v^hich are 
 Nafliawn, Pafqui, Nalnawenna, Pinequefe, 
 and Cattahunk iflands. All thefe be- 
 long to Duke's CO. 
 
 Elizabeth, a fliort fouthern arm of James 
 R, in Virginia. It affords an excellent 
 harbour, and large enough for 300 fliips. 
 The channel is from 150 to 2CO fathoms 
 wide ; and at common flood tide it has 
 18 feet water to Norfolk, which ftands 
 
 near 
 
'ELI 
 
 ELK 
 
 •tar t"he mouth of its eaflcm brancli. 
 The S branch riles in the Difmal Swamp. 
 Craney I. at the mouth of Elizabeth, Hes 5 
 miles S W of Point Comfort, at the mouth 
 of James R. 
 
 Elizabeth's I. Qucsr.y in the flraits of 
 Magellan, in S. America. Here freili wa- 
 ter, herbs fit for fallad, and wild fowl may 
 be had in great plenty. The flaores alfo 
 ;ibound with fliell iifh. 
 
 EUzabdh^ a poft town in LaXJcafcEr co. 
 Pennfylvania, containing about 30 houfes, 
 a Dutch churph, and 540 inhabitants ; 18 
 miles N W by W of JLancafter, and 84 W 
 by N of Philadelphia. 
 
 El'izabeihtoivii, a pofl: town and borough, 
 in Effex co. N. Jerfey ; pleafantly fituated 
 on a fmall creek which empties into Ar- 
 thur Kull. Its foil is equal to any in the 
 llate. In the compadt part of the town, 
 there are about 150 houfes, two brick 
 churches, one for Prefbyterians, very 
 handfome, the otlier for Epifcopalians, 
 and an academy. This is ox^.-e of the old- 
 cft towns in the ftate, having been purchal- 
 cdofthe Indians as early as 1664, and 
 fettled foon after. It lies 6 miles foutherly 
 of Newark, and 15 S W by W of N. York. 
 
 EH-ahethioivn, a town of Alleghany co. 
 Pennfylvania, on the S E fide of Monon- 
 gahela R. between Redflone Old Fort and 
 Pittiburg, about 18 miles from each, and 
 6 above the mouth of the Youghagany. 
 Many boats arc built here for the trade 
 find emigration to Kentucky, and in the 
 environs are feveral faw mills. It has 1904 
 inhabitants. There is another town of 
 this name in tlie fame co. which has in 
 inhabitants. N lat. 40 13, W Ion. 79 22. 
 
 EUzahethtoti'tiy a poll town of Maryland, 
 and capital of Wafliington co. formerly 
 called Hagarftown, feated in the fertile 
 valley of Conegocheaguc. It has feveral 
 ftreets regularly laid out. The houfes are 
 principally built of brick and ftone, in 
 number about 300. Epifcopalians, Pref- 
 byterians, and German Lutherans, iiave 
 each a church. The court houfe and mar- 
 ket houfe are handfome buildings, and 
 the gaol is of ftone, and fubftantial. The 
 trade with the weilern country is confid- 
 erable ; and there are a number of mills 
 in the neighbourhood, on Antietam creek. 
 See Hagarjloivn. 
 
 Elizabethtoivn, the chief town of Tyrrel 
 CO. in Edenton diftridt, N. Carolina, has a 
 gaol, court houfe, and a few dwelling 
 houfes. It is 40 miles from Fayetteville, 
 and !is from Wilmington. 
 
 MlizaUtbio'wr.y a poft town and tiie chief 
 
 in Bladen co. N. Carolina, is lituated cat 
 the N W branch of Cape Eear. It con- 
 tains a court houfe, gaol, and about 30 
 houfes ; 36 miles fouthward of Fayette- 
 ville, and 47 N W of Wilmington. 
 
 Elizabethtoivn, a poG town in Hffex co, 
 N. York, is on the W fliore of Lake 
 Champlain, N of Crown Point, and has 
 900 inhabitants. It is 529 miles N by E 
 from Wafhington. 
 
 Elizabeth To7W7, the towTifliip of, in the 
 CO. of Leeds, in U. Canada, is the 9th 
 tov,'nfliip in afcending the river St. I^aw- 
 rence. It is well watered by the river 
 Tonianta, and three other llreams. 
 
 Elk, a creek in Northumberland co, 
 Pennfylvania, which uniting with Penn's 
 creek, falls into the Sufquehanna, 5 miles 
 below Sunbiiry. 
 
 Elk, a navigable river of the eaflern 
 fliore of Maryland, which rifes in Chcftcr 
 CO. Pennfylvania, by two branches ; Big 
 and Little Elk creeks. At their conflu- 
 ence ftands Elkton. The canals in con- 
 templation from Elk R. to Delaware bay, 
 are noticed under Delaware bay. 
 
 Elk, a Ihort navigable river, in the ftatc 
 of Teneflee. It rifes on the N W fide of 
 Cumberland mountain, runs S wefterly, 
 and falls into the Teneflee a little above 
 the Mufcle fhoals ; about 40 miles W N 
 W of the Creeks' Crofling Place. 
 
 Elkhorn, a fmall water of Kentucky R. 
 The Elkhorn lands are much efteemed, 
 being fituated in a bend of Kentucky R, 
 in Fayette co. in which this fmall river, 
 or creek, rifes. 
 
 Elk Lake, one of the chain of fmall lakes 
 which conneAs the lake of the Woods 
 with lake Superior. N lat, 48 41, W 
 Ion. 93. 
 
 ElkriJgr, a fmall town in Ann Arundel 
 CO. Maryland, on the S bank of Patapfco 
 R. and on the W fide of Deep run. This 
 place is famous for the bright tobacco 
 called kite's foot. It is 8 miles S W of Bal- 
 timore, and 19 N W of Annapolis. N 
 lat, 39 12 30. 
 
 Elkton,z poft town of confidcrable trade, 
 at the head of Chefapeak bay, in Mary- 
 land, and the capital of Cecil co. It is 
 fituated at the confluence of the head 
 branches of E!k R. 13 miles from its mouth 
 at Turkey Point, and a mile above French 
 town. The tide flows up to the town, 
 and it enjoys great advantages from the 
 carrying trade, between Baltimore and 
 Philadelphia. Upwards of 250,000 biifli-, 
 els of wheat are collected here annually, 
 for fupplying thofc markets, or the neigh- 
 bouring 
 
EN:r 
 
 EPH 
 
 liounng mills. Elkton confifts of one 
 ilrcct, in which are about 90 houfes, a' 
 court houfe, and gaol. On the W lide of 
 the town is an academy. It is I2 miles 
 S V/ of ChriJUana bridge, 10 N E of 
 Charltftou'ii, 47 S W of Philadelphia, and 
 j6 N E of Sakimorc. 
 
 Ellington, a towniliip of about 2C0 fam- 
 ilies atid 1209 inhabitants, inToiland co. 
 Connetflicut. It lies about la miles N E 
 ©f Hartford city, and 6 W of Tolland. 
 
 Ellis R. in Maine, is a branch of Great 
 Amerefcoggin R. See Rumjord. 
 
 Ellifville, a port town, Cumberland co. 
 Penni'ylvania, 156 miles froxn Wailiin^'ton. 
 
 Ellfzvorth, a towniliip on both fides of 
 Union R. Hancock co. Maine, incorpo- 
 rated Feb. 1800, late No. 7. 
 
 Elmore, a towniliip in Orleans co. in 
 Vermont ; has ^5 inhabitants. 
 
 Elmjhy Toivnfaip, in the eaftern diflritSl, 
 lies to the S, and in the rear of Cumber- 
 land, in U. Canada. S).vyth. 
 
 Emery s R. a fmall river in Ttneffee, 
 which runs S E into theTenellce, 7 miles 
 K by E of the mouth of Clinch I-l. 
 
 Emmaia,3. Moravian fettlement, 8 miles 
 from Bethlehem, in Pennfylvania. 
 
 E?nmitfburgh, or Eminfjhurgb , a floiirifli- 
 ing village in Frederick co. M^iryland, 
 between Flat Run and Tom's creek, weft- 
 crn head waters of the Monocacy, and 
 about a mile S of the Pennfylvania line. 
 Here is a poll office, 24 miles N E by E 
 «f Frederick, and 50 N W of Baltimore. 
 K lat, 39 10 30. 
 
 Enchanted Mountain. See Tenejfce. 
 
 Endltfs Mountains, a name fometimes 
 applied to the Alleghany mountains. 
 
 Endeavour Straits, are between the N 
 point of New Holland, and the S coafl; of 
 New Guinea. S Jat. 10, E Ion. from Paris 
 140. 
 
 Enfield, a townfliip in Hartford co. Con- 
 iiedlicut, on the E bank of Connecticut R. 
 oppofite to Suffield, and bounded on the 
 N by the Maflachufetts line : It was 
 jgranted by the court of Mairachufetts.to 
 Springfield, in 1648, and was fettled in 
 1681. In 1769 it contained 214 Engliili 
 families. In the town are two Congrega- 
 tional churches, and a meeting houfe for 
 Shakers. The compa(3: part of the town, 
 contiguous to the river, is very pleafant, 
 iS miles N of Hartford. It has 1761 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Enfield, a townfliip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfhire, about i r miles S E of Dart- 
 mouth college. It was incorporated ifl 
 *76iiaad ka* iiai nahil^itanti. 
 
 Engatmo, 7roTi:peur^ or Falfe Cape, IS tfiC 
 ealltriimofl: land of the illand of 8t. Do- 
 mingo, y\ leagues northerly of Pointc dc 
 I'Epee, and 22 S E of Cape Raphael, or 
 Round Mountain. N lat. 19 3, W Ion, 
 from Paris 71 25. 
 
 Etigiyl Harbour^ one of the bed harbours 
 in tlie iiland of Antigua, on the S fliore, 
 a mile S E of the mouth of Falmouth har- 
 bour*. It is well fortified, and has a royal 
 navy yard and arfcnal, with conveniences 
 for careening iliips of war. N lat. 178 
 25, W Ion. 61 27 30. 
 
 Englifo Neighhourhood, a village in Ber- 
 gen CO. N Jerfey, on a N E branch of 
 Hackiafack R- W of, and in the vicinity 
 of Fort Lee. 
 
 Erigl'Jhtoxvn, in N. Jerfey, a fniall village 
 in the N v^^eftern part of Monmouth co. 
 on the road from Princeton to Shrewf- 
 bury, 21 miles from the former, 6 W of 
 Monmouth couit houfe, and i8 Eof 
 Pi-inceton. 
 
 E/l^rl 
 
 Vlr 
 
 See Detour Des An 
 
 Eno., a river in N. Carohna, which 
 unites v/ith little and Flat rivers in 
 Orange co. and forms the Neus, about 17 
 miles below Hiilfboroagh. 
 
 Enorce, u N W branch of Broad R. ia 
 S, Carolina. It joins Broad R. about j 
 miles below Tyger R. 
 
 Enojhirrg, a poft town in Franklin co. 
 Vermont, about 18 or 20 miles E of 
 Swantown has 143 inhabitants. 
 
 Ephrata, or Diitiiard Toivn, a village ia 
 Lancafter co. Pennfylvania, on the N W 
 fide of Calico creek, which, joining the 
 Coneftoga, fails into the Sufquehanna. It: 
 lies 12 miles N of the town of Lancafter, 
 and upwards of 60 W of Philadelphia. 
 It is fitualed in a romantic and fequefter- 
 ed vale, and inhabited by a religious com- 
 munity called Tankers, who are moftly of 
 German defcent, and believe in general 
 redemption. They ufe great plainnefs of 
 drefs and language, and will neither fwear, 
 nor fight, nor go to law, nor take intereft 
 for the money they lend. They have 
 many peculiarities ; but their innocent 
 manners have acquired them the name of 
 the harmlefs Tunkers. This fettlement 
 is fometimes called Tunker's Town, and 
 confifts of about 40 buildings ; of which 3 
 are places of worfliip. They fubfift by 
 cultivating their lands, by attending a 
 printing office, a grift mill, a paper mill, 
 an oil mill, &c. and the fifters by fpin- 
 ning, weaving, fewing, &c. Befide thig 
 congregation at Ephrata, there were ia 
 J 7 70, 14 others of tlii* fe<a m various parts 
 
 of 
 
E RI 
 
 ESC 
 
 of Pennfylvania, and fome in Maryland, 
 ^rhe whole, exclufxve of thofe in Maiy- 
 Lind, amounted to upwards of aooo fouls. 
 
 Epiugks, les, on the S W branch ; 
 of the Ottawa river, in U. Canada ; 
 above the maine or upper forks, be- 
 tween portage a la Rofe and portage 
 I'arelTuex, but neareft to the latter : it 
 is nearly half way from the fork to lake 
 NepilUng portage. Smyth. 
 
 Ef'jnng, apofl town in RockJn,ci,ham co. 
 N. Hanipfliire, taken from the N Vv'' part 
 of Exetei-. and incorporated in 1741. It 
 contains ii2l inhal):tants, 6 miles N W 
 of Exeter, and 23 W of Portfmuuth. 
 
 ii^.vZ/.'.', a poft town in Rockingham CO. N. 
 Ilampihire, lies E of Pembroke, adjoin- 
 ing ; 10 miles E of Concord, and 45 N 
 ■\V cf Portfniouth. It v.'as incorporated 
 in 1 727 ; in 17 75 it contained 387, in 1 7yo, 
 799, and in 1800, 1034 inhabitants. 
 
 Erie, Fort, a flrong fortification in the 
 townfliip of Bertie, U. Canada; fituated on 
 the N Iborc of lake Erie, and on the W 
 liank of Niagara R. 27 miles S by E 
 of Niagara Fort, and 18 above the carry- 
 ing place at the Falls of Niagara. It has 
 a barrack fcrr troops and a block houfe ; a 
 company of foldiers are quartered here 
 for the purpofc of tranfporting the public 
 flores. l^ake Erie narrov/s here into theDe- 
 troit firait, which carries the waters over 
 the great falls of Niagara ; there is a good 
 harbour here for veflels of any {17.Q. Fort 
 Eric has frequently fuffered from the 
 weilerly gales which occaficns the lake 
 fometiraes to rife very conliderably. The 
 new fort is projeclcd on a fmall height in 
 the rear of the prcfent garriibn. N iat. 43 
 S2> 17, W Ion. 78 2030. 
 
 Erie, a lake of the fourth magnitude in 
 N. America, and through which runs the 
 Kne between the United States and Upper 
 Canada. D'Etroit R. on the W brings the 
 waters of the great lakes with which lake 
 Erie has a communication on the N W, 
 and Niagara R. on the E forms its commu- 
 nication with the waters of lake Ontario 
 and the river St. Lawrence, h is fituated 
 betv/een 41 and 43 N Iat. and between 
 78 48 and 83 W Ion. Its form is*elipti- 
 cal. Its length is about 225 miles ; and 
 its medium breadth about 40. It affords 
 good navigation for flapping of any bur- 
 den. The coafl: on both hdes of the lake 
 is generally favourable for the paflage of 
 batteaux and canoes. Its banks in many 
 places have; a flat fandy fliore, particularly 
 to the eafnvard of the peninfula called 
 Long Point, >^ich runs upwards of 18 
 
 miles into the lake, and being compofed of 
 fand, is very convenient to haul boats out 
 of the furf upon it, v/hen the lake is too 
 rough for failing and rowing ; yet in fome 
 places, chiefly on the S fide towards both 
 ends of the lake, it would be dangerous to 
 approach, and impoflible to land, Ijy rea- 
 fon of the perpendicular height of tlie 
 rocks. Some of thefe, (as at Cayahoga, 
 v/itichare already defcribed) are mr-gnili- 
 ccnt beyond dcrcription,and ruift alio in- 
 fpire dread in the boldeft breaft, when 
 viewed from the water. Lake Erie ha* 
 a great variety of fine lifli, fuch as flur- 
 gcon, eel, white filli, trout, perch, &.c. 
 Lakes Huron and A-lichigan aflbrd com- 
 munication with lake Erie, by veflels of 
 S feet draug.ht. There are portages into 
 the waters of lake Erie from the Wabafli, 
 Great Miami, MiilTvingum, and Alleghany, 
 from 2 to 16 miles. The portage be- 
 tween the Ohio and Potowmac will be a- 
 bout 20 miles, when the obflrudtions in 
 the Monongahela and Cheat rivers are 
 removed. 
 
 Erie's, an Indian nation, called by the 
 French, du Chat, or Catnation. They 
 were extirpated by the Iroquois about 
 th.e year 1655. Were it not for the lake 
 which flill bears the name of that nation, 
 one would not have known that they 
 ever exifted. » 
 
 Erie, a county of Pennfylvania on the 
 S fide of lake Erie, containing 639,400 
 acres, and 1468 inhabitants. Chief town 
 Erie. 
 
 Er;re/i Totvn, in the midland diflriA, in 
 U. Canada, is thefinefl: townfln'p above 
 Kingflon, flieltered from lake Ontario 
 by Amherft Ifland, which lies in its 
 front. 
 
 Errol, a fmall uninhabited town on 
 lake Umbagog, in the N. eafternmofl: fet- 
 tled part of Grafton co. N. Hamplliire, in- 
 corporated in 1774. 
 
 EJcamhia, one of the mofl: confiderable 
 rivers that fall into the bay of Penfacola, 
 in W. Florida, empties itfelf near the head 
 of the N branch, about 12 or 15 miles 
 from Penfacola, through feveral marflies 
 and channels, v/liich have a number of 
 illands between them, that are overflow- 
 ed when the w;iter is high, A flioal near 
 its mouth prevents veflels, drawing more 
 than 5 or 6 feet, from entering ; but 
 there is from 2 to 4 fathoms of water af- 
 terwards. Capt. Hutchins afcended it in 
 a boat upwards of 80 miles, and from the 
 depth of water there, it appeared to be 
 navigable for pettiaugers many miles fur- 
 ther. 
 
ES 
 
 ES 
 
 ♦.ii'er. It is uncertain where its fource 
 is. The courfe is very winding. At the 
 mouth of the river on the W lide was the 
 town of Cambleton, fettled by French 
 Proteftants in 1766, but was afterwards 
 abandoned. The lands in general on 
 each fide of the river, are rich, low 
 or fwajnpy, admirably adapted for the 
 culture of rice or corn. The great num- 
 ber of rivulets which fall into this river 
 from the high circumjacent country, may 
 be led over any part of the rice lands, at 
 any feafon of the year. The numerous 
 iHands at the mouth of the river, fome of 
 very confiderable extent, are not inferior 
 for rice to any in America. The fettle- 
 nients made by MeiTrs. Tait and Mitchell, 
 capt. Johnfon, Mr. Mc Kinnon, and fome 
 others, are very evident proofs of this 
 alfertion ; who within two years of their 
 firfl: fettlement, had nearly cleared all the 
 expenfes they had been at in making very 
 confiderable eft dilifhments ; and would 
 entirely have done it in another year, had 
 not the Spaniards taken poireilion of the 
 country. 
 
 Ef.atari, a fmall ifland about 5 leagues 
 N of Louifbourg, in the ifland of Cape 
 Breton. 
 
 ■Epipus. See Kingfton, N. York. 
 
 Efpiritit Santo, IJles del^ lituated on the 
 S Wof Providence, in the W. Indies. See 
 Andros Ijles: 
 
 Efpiritu SdhSio, a bay on the W coaft of 
 E. Florida, in 27 8 N lat. It has a good 
 harbour, 4 fathom water, and fafe anchor- 
 age ; but the land all about the coaft is 
 very low, and cannot be feen from a 
 fliip's deck wh(!n in 7 fathom water. Sev- 
 eral low, fandy iflands and marllies, cov- 
 ered with mangrove buflxes, he before the 
 main land. Here are immenfe numbers 
 of fifli in the fummer time, which may 
 be caught with a feine, enough to load a 
 iliip, (if the climate v/ouid admit of cur- 
 ing them) even in a few days. 
 
 Efquimaux. See Labrador and New 
 JBritain. 
 
 Efqu'iTTzaux, a large bay on the Labrador 
 coaft, into which a river of the fame name 
 empties. It lies in the N W part of the 
 ,gulf of St. Lawrence, near the mouth of 
 the ftralts of Belleiile. Efquimaux illands 
 lie a'^rofs its mouth. 
 
 EJfeqitdo D'firtSi and River. Eflcquebo Is 
 a diltrivSl of Dutch Guiana, in S. America, 
 and receives its name from the large nav- 
 igable river which waters it. See Dcmara- 
 ra and Dutch America. 
 
 Epx^ one of the moft populous and beft 
 Vol. t. W 
 
 cultii?ated counties In Maffachufetts, Is 
 bounded N by N. Hampfhire ; E and S by 
 the ocean, and the town of Chelfea in Suf- 
 folk CO. W by Mlddlefcx co. in length 
 about 38 miles, in breadth aj ; and is 
 fliaped triangularly, Chelfea being the 
 acute point. The chief ill and on its coaft, 
 is Plum ifland. It is fubdivided into 2 a 
 townfliips, which contain 7644 houfes, and 
 61,196 inhabitants ; having about 135 
 fouls to a fquare mile. The firftfettlement 
 in Maflachufetts proper was made in Sa- 
 lem, the capital of the county, in 1628, by 
 John Endicott, Eiq. one of the original 
 patentees, and many years governor of 
 the colony. It was made a fliire in 1643, 
 being one of the three into which the col- 
 ony was firil divided. ECex co. pays about 
 one feventh part of the ftate tax, cledts 
 fix fenators fur the government of the com- 
 monwealth, and tv^o reprcfentatives in the 
 legiflature of the United Slates. Its prin- 
 cipal towns are Salem, Newburynort, 
 Gloucefter, Marblehead, Beverly, Ne An- 
 bury, and Ipfwich. In this county are 
 two flourilliing academies, one in Byefield, 
 the other in Andover. The lace of the 
 county is plecifingiy variegated with hills, 
 vales, woods, and plains. Tlie land is gen- 
 erally fruitful ; but is more favourable to 
 barley than moft other parts of the ftate. 
 Quarrlesofmarbleand limeftone are found 
 Inthis county ; and the feacoaft isindented 
 with a number of good harbours. Merri- 
 mack R. interfects the N part of ElTex co. 
 between it and the K. Hampfliire line is 
 a ftrip of land 3 miles wide, divided into 
 the towns of Methuen, Haverhill, Almf- 
 bury and Salifbury ; containing 1429 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Epx Co. in U. Canada, is bounded on 
 the E by the county of Suftblk, on the S 
 by lake Erie, on the W by the river 
 D'Etroit to Maifonville's mill, from thence 
 by a line running parallel to the river 
 D'Etroit and lake St. Clair, at the diftance 
 of 4 miles, until it meets the river Thames, 
 and thence up the faid river, to the north- 
 weft boundary of the county of Suflblk. 
 It lends one reprefentative to the provin- 
 cial parliament. 
 
 Efdx Co. in Virginia, is bounded E and 
 N E by Rappahannock R. which divide* 
 it from Richmond co. It is about 55 mile* 
 long and 12 broad, and contains 3741 free 
 inhabitants, and 5767 flaves. 
 
 Epx Co. hi N. Jerfey, is in the partem 
 part of the ftate, and divided frpm Staten 
 Ifland by Newark bay. It ^ia' about 1^ 
 miles in'length and 16 in b*Uadth, and has 
 
 three 
 
EtrS 
 
 EVE 
 
 rtiree townfliips, viz. Newark, Elizabeth- 
 town and Acquackanack, which contain 
 22,269 inhabitants, of whom 1521 are 
 flaves. The foil is very fertile, and its 
 fruits and other produdtions meet with a 
 quick fale in N. York city. EiTex co. has 
 within it 7 Preibyterian churches, 3 for 
 Epifcopalians, i for Anabaptifts, and 'j, for 
 Dutch Calvinifts. 
 
 Effex, a county of N. York, having 
 Clinton co. N, Wafliington co. S, and Lake 
 Camplain, which divides itfrom Vermont, 
 E. 
 
 EJfex Co in Vermont, bounded N by 
 Canada, and E by ConnedHcut river, con- 
 taining 1429 inhabitants. 
 
 £JpXy a townfliip in Chittenden co. Ver- 
 ttiont, contains 7 29 inhabitants. It lies be- 
 tween Jericho on the S E, and ColcheXlei' 
 on the N W. 
 
 EJia.pa, or Ejiape, a tovvn belonging to 
 the province of Tabafco, and audience of jj 
 Mexico. It is mentioned by Dampier as |j 
 fituated on Tabafco R. 4 leagues beyond jj 
 Villa dft Mofe. It is faid to be a place of jj 
 confiderable trade ; and fo ftrong, that it 
 repulfed capt. Hewet, when he attacked 
 it with 200 defperate buccaneers. 
 
 EJlapn, a firong tov;^n in New Spain, in- 
 habited by Spaniards and native Ameri- 
 cans ; lituated at the mouth of the river 
 Tlaluc. N lat. 1 7 .■^o, W Ion. 103 5. 
 
 Ejlher Tottm, in Lancafter co. Pennfyl- 
 vania, iituated on the E bank of Sufqehan- 
 Xia R. a little N of Harrifburg. 
 
 Etechjminesy Indian nations on the bor- 
 ders of Nova Scotia. See Muledtes and. 
 Scoodick. 
 
 Etohrioke Tcivtijhip, in the eafl riding of 
 the county of York, in U. Canada, lies to 
 the weftward of the townfhipof York,and 
 has been felecled for the fcttlcment of the 
 corps of Queen's Rangers after they fliall 
 be difcharged. 
 
 Eiiphafm^ the ancient name of HiwafTee 
 R. in TenefTee ; alfo the name of an In- 
 dian town on its S W bank, 28 miles from 
 Its mouth. See Hhvajfee. 
 
 Eiijlace, or Eujlacia, called alfo Mctanzas, 
 or Slaughter, from a butchery made en 
 it by the Spaniards. It is an inconflderable 
 ifland, about 20 miles in circuit. It forms, 
 with a long poiyt of land, the entrance to 
 the harbour of St. Auguftine,inE. Florida. 
 
 Euftatla Toxun, in the iiland of Euftatia 
 or Euftatius, in the Caribbean fea in the 
 W. Indies N lat. 1 7 29, W Ion. 63 5. 
 
 Eufathis St. or Eiijl aft a, \s the chief ifl- j 
 and belonging to the Dutch in the W. In- | 
 dies, fitiwtedia the Caribbeaa fea, 11x17 j 
 
 29 N lat. and in 63 10 W Ion. ^d 3 
 leagues N W of St. Chriftophers. It is on- 
 ly a mountain, about 29 miles in compafs, 
 rifing out of the fea, like a pyramid, and 
 almoll round ; but though fo fmall and inr 
 conveniently laid out by nature, the induf- 
 try of the Dutch has turned it to fo good 
 account, that it is faid to contain 5OCO 
 whites, and 15,000 negroes. The fides of 
 the mountains are laid out in very pretty 
 fettlements; but they have neither fprings 
 nor rivers. The produce is chiefly fugar 
 and tobacco. This ifland, as well as Cur- 
 aflbu, is engaged in theSpanifh contrabard"^ 
 trade, for which, however, it is not fo well 
 fituated ; and it has drawn the fame ad- 
 vantage from its conftant neutrality. But 
 in the laft war between Great Britain and 
 Holland, admiral Rodney, having been 
 fent to reduce it with a confiderable land 
 and fea force, obliged it to furrcnder at dif- 
 cretion, on the 3d of February, 1781. Tlie 
 prix^ate property of the inhabitants was 
 confifcated, vath a degree of rigor vcr)'- 
 uncommon among civiUzed nations, and* 
 Very inccnfifterit with the humanity and 
 generofity by which the Eritiflx nation 
 ufed to be charatSteriised. The reafon 
 affigned was, that the inhabitants of St. 
 Euftatius had affifted France and the Unit- 
 ed States with naval and other ftores. 
 The Britifli merchants, as v/ell as thofe 
 of France and America, fufi'ered iimnenfe 
 lofs by effects depofited in this ifland. On 
 the 27th of November, the fame year, it- 
 was retaken by the French, under the 
 command of the marquis de Bouille, who 
 had an inconflderable force. The Dutch 
 firft took poflefTion of this ifland in the 
 year 1635. 
 
 ^ij^^j^/^.'z;^!', the capital of Wythe co. ia 
 Virginia, is fituated on the E fide of Reedy- 
 creek, which falls into the Great Kanha- 
 wav, Woods rr New river. It contains a 
 court houfe, gaol, and about 25 houfes ;: 
 40 miles W by S of Chriftianlburg, 242 in 
 a hke dire(Slion from Richmond, and 518 
 S W by W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Evuret's J5;7i^^, Nanfemond co. Virginia- 
 Here isa poft office, 266 miles from Vv'^afll-- 
 ington. 
 
 Evefham, a townfliip in Burlington cCr 
 N. Jerfey, fituated between the forks of 
 Moore's creek, which runs N wefterly to 
 Delaware P.. It is 7 miles eaflerly of 
 Haddonfield, 16 E of Philadelphia, and 25 
 S of Burlington. Here is an Indian fettle- 
 ment, called Edge Pittick, a tracl of land 
 referved by the ancient natives. They 
 have fame hundreds of acres of improved 
 
 laudsj 
 
EXE 
 
 FAI 
 
 lands, about 30 houfes, and a meeting 
 houfe. They formerly had a minifter of 
 their own order, Avho ibtedly olliciatedin 
 the Indian language. 
 
 Exeter, a poft town in Rockingham co. 
 N. Hampiliirc, and, next to Portfmouth, 
 the mofl confiderable feaport tov/n in the 
 fiate. It is lituated at the head of naviga- 
 tion on Swamfcot, or Exeter R. a branch 
 of the Pifcataqua, 15 miles S W of Portf- 
 mouth, and a like diftance N W of New- 
 buryport, iu Ellcx co. Maflachufetts. The 
 tide lifes here 11 feet. It is well fituated 
 for a manufadluring town, and has already 
 a duck manufactory in its infancy, 6 fav/ 
 mills, a fuUing mill, flitting mill, paper 
 mill, fnuffmill, z chocolate and to grift 
 mills, iron works, and a printing offices. 
 The faddlery bufinefs is carried on here 
 to greater extent, than in any town on 
 this fide Philadelphia. Before the rev- 
 olution, fliip building was a profitable 
 ■bufinefs ; and the veiTels were employed 
 in the W. India trade. Notwithftanding 
 the lofs of this market, there are 4 or 5 
 veffelo of different burden, built here an- 
 nually ; the river being capable of floating 
 down thofe of 500 tons. An equal num- 
 ber is alfo em.ployed in the foreign trade, 
 chieily to the W. Indies. The lituation 
 of this place bids fair for extenfive popu- 
 lation. The public .edifices are 2 congre- 
 gational churches, an elegant building ap- 
 propriated for the academy, a handfome 
 and capacious court houfe, and a gaol. 
 'I'he public offices of the ftate are k^pt 
 here at prefent. Befide the celebrated 
 Exeter academy, there are here an Englifli 
 fchool, and 6 or 8 private fchools, chiefly 
 for females. It contains 172.7 inhabitants. 
 This townfliip is of Irregular figure, and 
 about 4 mileis fquare. It was incorporated 
 in 1638 ; prior to which, it had the name 
 .of Swamfcot Falls, from the falls of the 
 river, which feparate the frefli from the 
 tide water ; where the body of the town 
 is fituated ; chiefly on the weftern fide of 
 the river. The number of inhabitants in 
 1775, was 1741 ; and in 1790, 1722. It 
 lies jO miles N of Bofton, and 402 N E of 
 Philadelphia. N lat. 4a 59, W Ion. 71. 
 *' Phillips Exeter Academy" was founded 
 and endowed by the hon. John Phillips, 
 L.Ii.D. of Exeter, and incorporated by a<rb 
 of AlTembly in 1 7 8 1 . It is a very refpedt- 
 able and ufeful inftitution, under the in- 
 fpetftion of a board of trnftees, and the im- 
 mediate government and inftru(flion of a 
 preceptor and an afhftant. It has a fund 
 of ;C'i5>coo» a part of_which is in lands not 
 
 yet productive. The prefent annual iji« 
 come is ^.480. It has commonly betwef>n 
 60 and 80 ftudents. In 1794, a building 
 was eredled, 76 by 2>(> feet, 2 fiories high ; 
 v/hicii, in point of convenience, and per- 
 haps elegance, is exceedea by few build- 
 ings of the kind in the United States. 
 
 Exsier, the N weflernmoft towniliip in 
 Wafliington co. Rhode Ifland ftate, has 
 North Kingflon on the E, and Voluntov/n, 
 in Connecticut, on the W. The feveral 
 branches uf Wood R. unite here, and take 
 a S courfe between Hopkinton and Rich- 
 mond. It contains 2476 ii^habitants, of 
 whom 14 are flaves. 
 
 Exeter, a townfliip in Luzern co. Penn- 
 fylvania, has 737 inhabitants. 
 
 Exeter, a town in New Hanover co. in 
 Wilmington diftrid:, N. Carolina ; fituated 
 on the N E branch of Cape Fear, about 
 36 miles N from Wihnington, and 22 from 
 ■the New river. 
 
 Exitma JJle, one of the Bahama ifles, fit- 
 fcatedon theE of the Great Bank, betv/een 
 Stocking ifles on the S W, and Long Ifle 
 on the E. It is now uninhabited, except- 
 ing two families, yet is one of the beft of 
 ■the Bahamas, not only for its fertility, 
 but for the excellence of its anclioring 
 ground, in the found to which it gives 
 name ; where all the Britifh navy could 
 ride in fafety. Nlat. 24 30, W Ion. 74 30. 
 
 Exuma Sound, lies E of the Great Baha- 
 ma Bank, between it and the ifle of Qua- 
 nahani. N lat. 24, W Ion. 75. 
 
 Ju AEIANE, a river in Louirianajwlnck 
 runs S eaftward into the Miflifippi, in N 
 lat. 39 30 ; 16 miles above Jaftioni R. and 
 50 below the Iowa town and rapids. 
 
 Fab'ius, one of the military townfliips in 
 Onondago co. N. York. Here is a poft 
 office, 477 miles from Wafliington. It has 
 844 inhabitants. 
 
 Fairfax To.in Virginia, is about 25 miles 
 long, and 1 8 broad ; on the W bank of 
 Potowmack river. It contains 7239 free 
 inhabitants, and 6078 flaves. Cliief town 
 Alexandria. At the court houfe is a poft 
 office, 14 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Fairfax, a poft town in Franklin co. 
 Vermont, E of Georgia, and on the bank 
 of La Moille R. and contains 786 inhabit- 
 ants ; and is about 9 miles from lake 
 Champlain. 
 
 Fairfield, a townfliip in Kennebeck 00. 
 Maine, on the S Ebaak of Kennebeck R. 
 
 Sof 
 
FAI 
 
 FAL 
 
 S of Canaan, and oppofite Hancock ; a- 
 bout 1 7 miles from Pittflown, and 7 from 
 Fort Halifax. It contains 852 inhabitants, 
 and is 225 miles N E of Bofton. 
 
 Fairfield, a new towniliip in Ilerker.er 
 CO. N. York. It has 2065 inhabitants. 
 
 Fairfield, a port town in Franklin co. 
 Vermont, E of St. Albans ; and contains 
 911 inhabitants. It is 13 miles S of the 
 Canada line, and as far from the nearell 
 part of lake Champlain. 
 
 Fairfield, a townfliip in Wafliington co. 
 N.York, containing 591 inhabitants. 
 
 Fairfield, a townfliip in Cumberland co. 
 N. Jerl'ey, on Colianzy creek, and at the 
 head of Black creek ; 25 miles E by S of 
 Salem, in Salem co. 
 
 Fairfield, a CO. of the State of Ohio. 
 
 Fairfield Co. in Conne6licut,is the S weft- 
 ernmofl: in the Hate ; bounded W by the 
 
 I CO. Pennfylvania, has 1363 inhabitants. 
 
 j Fairfield, a diftridt of S. Carolina, be- 
 
 [ tween Wateree R. which divides it from 
 Lancafler co. and Broad R. which fepa- 
 
 I rates it from Newbury and Union difiri els. 
 
 I Its chiel town is Winnfborough. 
 
 j Fairha'ven, in Brlftul CO. MaiTachufetts, 
 
 j lies on the N W lide of Buzzard's bay, 
 and on the eaftern fide of Accullinet river, 
 oppofite to Bedford ; which fee. 
 
 Fairhii'ven, a confiderable poft town iii 
 Rutland co. Vermont, N W of Poultney. 
 
 j It contains 411 inhabitants, and is j i miiesi 
 
 I N of Bennington. 
 
 Fair lee, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver^ 
 mont, on the W bank of Connecticut R. 
 16 miles N of Dartmouth College. The 
 townfliip is hilly, but of a good foil, and 
 has feveral glades of excellent land. In 
 
 I 1796 this townfliip was divided into two. 
 
 (tate of N. York, E by N. Haven co. N by ij the eaflernmoft half called E. Fairlee, the 
 Litchfield, and S by Long I. found. Its. 
 fliapc is very irregular It is divided into 
 13 townfliips, of which Fairfield and Dan- 
 bury are the chief ; and contains 38,:.o8 
 inhabitants, including 276 flavcs. It is 
 ieparated from New Haven co. and part 
 of Litchfield co. by Stratford R. The 
 other paits of the county are v/atered by 
 fmall ftreams, as Saugatuck, Safco, Pega- 
 jiook. Five Mile, Rodens, Mill, and May- 
 amus rivers. Several harbours, and a 
 number of fmall iiles lie along the found, in 
 the towns of Greenwich, Stamford, Nor- 
 walk, Fairfield, and Stratford- The face of 
 
 the county is rough, but the foil is good . ' two iflands he named Haivkins Maidenhmd, 
 Fairjlcld, the Ur.quo-uia of the Indians, ii in honor of Queen Elizabeth. The foil 
 a poft town and port of entry of Connec- i| of thefe iflands is bad, and the fliores are 
 ticut, and capital of the above county, is j: beaten by perpetual ftorms. A Britifli 
 pleafantly fituated on Mill Run, a little I fettlement was made here, of which tliey 
 
 other W. Fairlee; the former of which con- 
 tains 435 inhabitants, and the latter 371. 
 
 Fair Weather, Cape, on the N W coaft of 
 N. America,in lat. 58 36 N,lon. 140 31 W. 
 
 Fair Weather, Cape, on the E COaft of 
 Patagonia, in S. America, lies northerly 
 from Cape Virgin Mary. S iat. j i 45) W 
 Ion. from Greenwich 68 10. 
 
 Falkland If es, lie at no great diftance 
 from the ftralts of Magellan, at the utmcft 
 extremity of S. America ; between 50 
 and 56 W Ion. and 51 and 53 S lat. 
 Thefe iflands Avere difcovercdby Sir Rich- 
 ard Hawkins, in 1594 ; the chief of the 
 
 above its entrance into Long I. found, 22 
 miles S W by W of New Flaven, and 64 
 from N. York. It contains about 200 
 houfes and 3735 inhabitants, a neat Con- 
 gregational church, and a court houfe. 
 About 4 miles N W of the center of the 
 town, and in the townfliip is the beau- 
 tiff** parilh of Greenwich, in which is a 
 flourifliing academy. A high eminence 
 in the centre of the parifli comnxjinds a 
 delightful profpeft. Fairfield was fettled 
 from "Vy.eathersfield in 1639, ^i"*^ '" I73^'» 
 contained 400 families. It was burnt by 
 s» parly of tories and Britifli, under the 
 command of gov. Try on, in 1777 ; the 
 lofs fuftained, amounted to upwards of 
 iC-4CiiCoo. Fairfield carries on a confid- 
 erable trade to the W. Indies. The ex- 
 ports for one year ending Sept. 3Cth, 1794, 
 amounted to 77,425 dollars. 
 ^uirfdd, a townfliip iu Weftmoreland 
 
 were difpoflefled by the Spaniards, n\ 
 1770, foon after it had been eftabhflied. 
 
 Tht 
 
 >pa 
 
 niards now fend criminals to. 
 
 thefe inhofpitable fliores from their fettle- 
 ments in America. 
 
 Fall R. is an inconfiderable ftrearn, rlf- 
 ing in Watuper Pond, in Rhode Ifland, 
 and after a iliort N W courfe, empties in- 
 to Taunton R. 
 
 Fall rhver, a town in Briftol co. MafTa- 
 chufetts,late the foutherly part of Freetown, 
 incorporated 1803, 50 miles S of Bofton. 
 
 /■^//j, a townfliip in Bucks co. Pennfylr 
 yania, has 1680 inhabitants. 
 
 Fallen City, or Old fervfalem, a range of 
 rocks among the Virgin ifles, in the W In- 
 dies, S W of Virgin Gorda, N lat. 18 10, 
 W Ion. 6253. 
 
 Falling Spring, a branch of James R. ia 
 I Virginia, v/here it is called Jackfon's K. 
 I riling in the mountain, --.o miles S W of 
 
 ;hc 
 
TAM 
 
 FAR 
 
 the Warm Spring. The water falls orer 
 the rock 200 feet, which is about s<^ feet 
 higher than the fall of Niagara. Between 
 the flieet of water and the rock below, a 
 ;iian may walk acrols dry. 
 
 Falmouth^ a townlliip, formerly includ- 
 ing Portland, in Cumberland co. Maine, 
 .containing 342a inhabitants. It is fituat- 
 ed on Cafco bay, I20 miles N N E of Eof- 
 ton. Incorporated in 171 8. 
 
 Falmouth, a townfliip in Hants CO. Nova 
 Scotia ; fitualed on the S E fide of the 
 Bafin of Minasjoppofite Windfor, 28 miles 
 N W of Halifax. 
 
 Falmouth, 2L maritime pofl: town in Barn- 
 Gable CO. MalTachufetts, fitu <ted on the 
 N E part of the Vineyard found, on the 
 W fide of the bay of its name ; 77 miles 
 S E by S of Boflon, 18 from Sandwich, 
 and 9 from Holmes' Hole. About fixty 
 veflels are owned here, averaging SS ^f^ris 
 each, fix of which are filliing vellols, the 
 reft coaflers ; upwards of 30 of them fol- 
 low the bufinefs of carrying lumber to 
 the fouthern flates and W. India Illands. 
 It was incorporated in 1686, and contains 
 1882 inhabitants. N lat. 41 33, W Ion. 70 
 ■^^. It is a poll town. 
 
 Falffiouth, a pofl: town in Stafford co. 
 Virginia, lituated on the N bank of Rap- 
 pahannock river, nearly oppofite to Fred- 
 trickfl:>urg. It is irregularly built, and 
 contains an Epifcopalian church and a- 
 bout 40 compact houfes. It is 23 miles 
 S W of Dumfries, 70 N by E of Richmond, 
 and 207 S weflcrly of Philadelphia. 
 Conhderable quantities of tobacco are in- 
 i'pedted here. 
 
 Fahnoutb^ a town in Lancafter co. Penn- 
 fylvania, on the S E fide of Ccnawago 
 creek, 20 miles wefterly of Lancafter. 
 
 Falmouth^ z town and harbour on the S 
 fliore of the ifland of Antigua, in the W. 
 Indies. It has Englilli harbour on the E, 
 and Rendezvous liay on the W ; and fitu- 
 ated in St. Paul's parilli, at the N W cor- 
 ner of the harbour, w^hich is well fortified. 
 Falmo?!fh, in the ifland of Jamaica, in the 
 W. Indies, commonly called the Point, is 
 on the S fide of Martha Er:ie harbour ; 
 and including the adjoining villages of 
 Martha Brae and the Rock, has about 220 
 houfes. Here 30 lliips load for G. Brit- 
 ain, exclufive of Hoops and fmallcr craft. 
 FrJf/f Cape Horn, the S weftern point of 
 Terra del Fuego. 
 
 Faljington, a village in Pennfylvania, in 
 Bucks CO. 28 miles N E of Philadelphia. 
 
 Famine Port, a fortrefs feated on the N 
 E cpaft pf the ftraits of Magellan, in S. 
 
 America. Here a Spanifli gnrrifon pfr- 
 iflied for want ; fince which time it has . 
 been negleAed. S lat. S5 44, W Ion. 70 20. 
 
 /■«i««<'^, a townfliip in Franklin co. Penn- 
 fylvania, has 1036 inhabitants, 
 
 Faquier Co. in Virginia, is hounded N by 
 Loudon, and E by Prince "W'illiam. Jt is 
 about S5 miles long, and 20 broad, and 
 contains 12,575 free inhabitants, and 8751 
 (laves. At Faquier court houfe is a pott 
 office, 51 miles from Wafliingion. 
 
 Faretvell, Cape, the S point of W. Green- 
 land, on the N fide of the entrance of 
 Davis's firaits, N.^ America. N lat. 59 37, 
 W long. 42 42. 
 
 Fariningtoii, 3 very flourifliing townfliip 
 of excellent land, in Kenncbeck co. Maine, 
 on Sandv F. which, in the S E part of the 
 town, has falls, which afford excellent mill 
 feats. Here are faw mills, a carding ma- 
 chine, grift mill, and fulling mill, already 
 eredled. There is a Met hod i ft place of 
 worfliip ; 25 rniles N W of Haliowell, t,s 
 fame courfe from Augufta, and 204 N N 
 E of Bofton. Number of inhabitants, 942. 
 A very few years fince this townfliip wa» 
 a wildernefs. It has a poft office. 
 
 Farmington, a large, ploafant, and wealthy 
 poft town in Hartford co. Connedticut, 10 
 miles S W of Hartford city, 32 N E of N. 
 Haven, and 22 E of Litchfield. Farming- 
 ton river, a water of Conneclitut, mean- 
 ders delightfully through charming inter- 
 vals, which beautify and enrich this tov'n. 
 The houfes, in the compact part of this 
 town, ftand chiefly on a ftrect which run* 
 N and S along the gentle decfivity of a 
 hill, which afcends Fl of the intervals ; 
 about the centre of the ftreet ftands a large 
 and handfome Congregational church. 
 This town was fettled as early as 1645, and 
 its limits then vi'ere very extenfive. Sev- 
 eral towns have been fince taken from it. 
 If has 2809 inhabitants. 
 
 Farmiiigton, a river of Conneifticut,wliIch 
 rifes in Mafilichufetts, and runs S cafterly 
 tlirough Hartland, Bark Hampftead, and 
 New Hartford. In the borders of Hart- 
 ford co.it receives aweftern branch, which 
 rifes from feveral ponds in Colcbrook, 
 continuing this courfe to Farmington, 
 where meeting mountains, it turns north- 
 erly to fearch a palTage to the Connedli- 
 cut. After running 15 miles, it meets 
 Salmon river, when united they rufli 
 through the mountain, and down a catar- 
 act of 150 feet, after which it is called 
 Windfor river, and in a S E courfe mingle* 
 with Connecticut river, 4 miles above 
 Hartford. 
 
 FarftiviKe^ 
 
FAY 
 
 FEB 
 
 '^/trptv'lle, a fmall pofl: town in Prince 
 JEdward co. Virginia, lltuated on Appo- 
 laatox R. 8 miles N of tlie court hoiife, 7 a 
 •S W of Richmond, and 210 from WaOi- 
 ington. The river is boat.ibic frora this 
 Xo Peierfburgh. 
 
 Farnham, a poft town in Richoiond co. 
 "Virginia. Here is a pail ofiice 159 miles 
 from Washington. 
 
 Fa-j^itrjUe Lake., in N ijt. rz 48, W Ion. 
 93 10, i.s the fource of two large ri >-ers, at 
 the mouth of one of which, emptying into 
 Winnipeg lake, flan ds the'Canadian houfe. 
 ^f he other is the S W branch of Severn 
 rjlver. 
 
 Fuivn^ a towndiip in Yor^ co. Pennfyl- 
 arania, on the W bank of Sun^vehanna R. 
 on the Maryland line, has 1 2 14 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Fayette^ a fettlement in Tianra»co. N- York, 
 1»etween the Unadiila and the main branch 
 of the Chenengo. It is laid out into 100 
 lots of a fquare mile each, as nearly aa the 
 ground will permit. 
 
 ■ Fayette Co. in Pennfylvania, is bounded 
 N by Wcftmoreland, S by part of Mary- 
 land and Virginia, and W by Monongahcia 
 R. It is 39 miles in length, and 29 in 
 breadth, and contains 473,280 acres ; di- 
 vided into 17 tov.-nfliips, of which Union 
 is the chief. The number of inliabitants 
 is 20,159. 
 
 Fayette, a difb-icH: of N.Carolina, compre- 
 hending 6 counties, viz. Moore, Cumberr 
 Jand, Sampfon, Riclimond, Robcfon, and 
 Anfon. It is bounded N by Iliilihorough, 
 S E by Wilmington and Newbcrn, W by 
 Salifbury, and S by the ftatc of S. Carolina. 
 It is 120 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, 
 and contains 41,358 inhabitants, of whom 
 ?2o6 are Haves. The furface is varied 
 with hills and dales, and is In general well 
 watered. 
 
 Fayette^ a county of Kentucky, 24 miles 
 long, 20 broad, bounded N by Scott coun- 
 ty, N E by Bourbon, E by Clark, S by 
 Madifon and Jeflamine, and W by Wood- 
 ford. It lies on a height of land, the 
 flreams running from it in every direc- 
 tion ; the foil is excellent. It contains 
 12,233 inhabitants, of whom 3786 are in 
 Slavery. Chief town, Lexington. 
 
 FayettcvUlcy fo called in honor of the 
 "Marquis La Fayette ; a flourilhing poft 
 town of N. Carolina, the feat of juftice for 
 the above diftritSt, and pleafantly fituated 
 in Cumberland co. on the W fide of the 
 N W branch of Cape Fear R. nearly at 
 the head of navigation, and lOO miles 
 jabove Wilmington, and 61 foutherly of 
 
 Raleigh. On the bank of the river, ftanlf 
 a few buildings and the tobacco ware- 
 houfes, which have received in one feafon 
 6000 hhds. of tobacco, equal in quality to 
 that of PeterfL)urg. The conipadl part of 
 the town is lltuated about a n\ile from the 
 river, near the jundVion of Blount's and 
 Crofs creek; on which laft it is chiefly 
 erected, and from that circumftance was 
 formerly named Crofs Creek. On both 
 fides the creek are about 400 houfes, 7, 
 handi'ome edifices for the fupreme, dif- 
 triA, and county courts, and the meeting* 
 of the town officers and its citizens. The 
 Free Maion's lodge is alfo a large and 
 handfome building. The toMm is regu- 
 ularl)'^ laid cut, and its principal flreels are 
 100 feet wide. Here are 3 mills, 2 con- 
 llderable diftilleries and breweries, and 
 feveral extenfive tany^irds. The trade to 
 Wilmington is very confiderable, to which 
 it fends down tobacco, wheat, flour, beef, 
 pork, flaxfeed, hemp, cotton, butter, lum- 
 ber, ftavesi naval (lores, &c. The boat* 
 ufed in tranfporting thefe articles to Wil- 
 mington, contain about 120 barrels, an4 
 make their returns of European and India 
 goods, &c. in from 10 to 20 days. The 
 fituation of the town is agreeable and 
 healthy, and well adapted for eflablifliing 
 maiutfaftorics. The country immediate- 
 ly round the town is confiderably elevat- 
 ed, and the foil dry and barren ; but near 
 tlie v/ater courfes, which are numerous, 
 the foil is as rich as any in the ftate. Since 
 the fire in 1792, which deflroyed many 
 houfes, the people begin to build with 
 brick, which are made here of a good 
 quality, and fold reafonably. The town 
 ftands in a fettlement of Scotch Highland- 
 ers, and is SS miles N W of Camden in S. 
 Carolina, ico S W of Tarborouc;h, 147 5 
 Why S of Ha}ifax,379 S by W of Waking- 
 ton city,and 526 S W byS of Philadelphia. 
 It has a pofl office, and 1656 inhabitants. 
 
 Fayette, 3. town in Kennebeck co. Maine, 
 bounded wefterly by Livermore, eafterly 
 by Mount Vernon, Wayne, and a large 
 pond called Great Amereikoggen poncL 
 It has 532 inhabitants. 
 
 Fuyjlown, a. toAvnfliip in Chittenden cq. 
 Vermont, has 18 inlrabitants. 
 
 Fear Point, Cape, ^t the mouth of Cape 
 Fear R. in N. Carolina, 4 miles S S E of 
 the light houfe on Bald Head. 
 
 Federal City. See JVaJhington City. 
 
 Federal/burg, a village in Maryland, on 
 the E fide of Chefapeak bay, fituated on 
 Marfliy Hope creek, partly in 13orchefi:er 
 and partly in Caroline co. 5 miles E N ^ 
 
rEK 
 
 FIS 
 
 •f Hunting Creek town, and about 20 N 
 E of Cambridge. 
 
 Ft' d^ Aidiochia, S^nfa, the mofl: nortliern 
 town of Popayau, a diHrid: of Terra Fir- 
 ma. It is fituated 200 miles N of Popayan 
 city, near the confines of the province of 
 Carthagena, on the banks of St. Martha 
 R. and near 180 miles S of its conflux with 
 the Magdalena. Thither the inhabitants 
 lemoved from Antiochia, 15 leagues from 
 it, now an inconfiderable place, whereas 
 Santa Fe d'Antioohia is a couliderable place 
 and capital of the audience of Santa Fe. 
 
 Fe di Bmgota, Sani/i, the capital of NeW 
 Grenada, S. America, fituated on the 
 banks of the little river Pati, a water of 
 the Magdalena ; is r8o miles E of the bot- 
 tom of Bonaventura bay. it is an arch- 
 feiiliop's fee, and the feat of an univerfity 
 founded by king Philip III. In 1 6 ta Near 
 this city are gold niines. The air is tem- 
 perate and healthful, and provilions plen- 
 ty S lat. 4 10, W Ion. 74 5. 
 
 iv, or Foy, Santa, a place in the middle 
 *f Veragua, a province in the audience of 
 Giiatimala, in N. America, where the king 
 of Spain keeps officers for carting and re- 
 iSning gold. It Hands at the fource of a 
 yiver which runs into the North Sea, 
 
 Fe, Santa, the capital of New Mexico. 
 It is fituated near the fource of Rio del 
 Nort, 130 leagues from its mouth, in the 
 gulf of Mexico. It is faid to be a rich 
 aind regularly built city, and a billiop's 
 fee. Baudrand makes it 9 leagues from 
 the river. It is alfo called Santa Fe de 
 Grenada ; by others New Mexico. N lat. 
 36, Wlon. 104. 
 
 Fe, Santa, a city of Paraguay, S. America, 
 t50 leagues S by W of the city of Aflump- 
 tion. The Inhabitants are chiefly em- 
 ployed in hufbandry, grazing, and weav- 
 ing cloth. They fell their productions 
 and manufactures to good profit in Brazil. 
 From hence is a road to Potofi in Peru, 
 and to Corbuda In Tucumana ; which 
 being eafy and convenient, is very advan- 
 tageous to this place. The diftance not 
 being above 350 leagues. It Hands on the 
 W lide of Paraguay R. S lat. 30 45, W 
 Ion. 60 40. 
 
 Felipe, T Sa!7f J^ago, a large bay on the 
 N fide of the illand of Efpiritu Santo. See 
 'Tierra Aujlral del Efpiritu Santo. 
 
 Felix, St. an ifiand in the Pacific ocean, 
 3^ N W of Juan Fernandes, and due W of 
 Coplapo, in S. America. S lat. 26, W Ion. 
 itom Paris 83. 
 
 FcWs Point. See Baltimore. 
 
 S^ify Ftini an, on the W coaft of lake 
 
 Champlain, lies In Clinton co. ncarfy f 
 miles S of the divifion line between N. 
 York and L. Canada, and 25 miles S of 
 St. John's, The Britiili occupied a bar- 
 rack here, furniCied with one field piece, 
 a few men, and a fubaltern officer. It ha» 
 been given up according to treaty. 
 
 Ferdinand Naronha, an illand on the coaff 
 of Brazil, S. America, in S lat. 3 56, W 
 Ion. },% :tZ. 
 
 Fdrmara^h, a townfliip in Miffiin cc%, 
 Pennfylvania. It has 1505 Iiihabltanta. 
 
 Ferrijli'-rgh, a townfhlp in Addifon cow 
 Vermont, on lake Champlain, It con-' 
 tains 956 inhabitants. Otter creek, Little 
 Otter and Lev/Is's creeks fail into the lake 
 here, 
 
 Fidlers Flhtv, a bend of Wood creelc, 
 between the outlet of South bay and the 
 mouth of the creek, at tlie northern end 
 of lake Champlain, oppofite the mouth of 
 Eait bay. The mouth of Wood creek lies' 
 in N lat, 43 32, v7 Ion, 73 15 12,- 
 
 F/g/:!ing Ijhnd, called by the French 
 Grofe IJha.ix DinJes, lies about 4 miles be- 
 low Detroit ; it is valuable for pafture, but 
 has very little wood ; the Indians In the 
 fummer make It a place of encampment, 
 and fome of them plant a little corn : 
 there is no other improvement on it. On 
 the uppermoft end of the ifland are vefl- 
 iges of entrenchments, from behind the' 
 bread- works of which, the Indians annoy- 
 ed the Britiili fhipping, as they paiied^. 
 fliortly after the reduction of Detroit. 
 
 SmytJj. 
 
 Figtree Bay, lies on the S W fide of the 
 Ifland of St, Chrillopher's, In the V/, In- 
 dies, at the head of v/hich (lands Sandy 
 Fort town. The bay Is fecured by a fort 
 on each fide, 
 
 Fincajile, a pofl: town In Virginia, andL 
 capital of Boutetourt co. fituated on the 
 E fide of Catabaw creek, a fmall fireanj.. 
 which falls Into James R. on the W fide 
 of the North Mountain. Here are about 
 50 houfes, a court houfe and gaol. It con- 
 tains 426 free inhabitants, and 276 blacks, 
 and lies on the pofl: road from Richmond 
 to Kentucky, 36 miles eafterly of Lexing- 
 ton, and 19 : W by N of Richmond, 
 
 Finch Toiunjhip, In the county of Stor^. 
 mont. In U, Canada, lies In the rear, an^ 
 to the W of Ofnabruck, 
 
 Findley, a townfiiip in Wafliington cjt. 
 Pennfylvania, has 869 inhabitants. 
 
 Fireplace, Suffialk CO, N, York. Here I« 
 a pofl: office, 295 miles from Wafliington, 
 
 Fifiersfield, a towniliip in Hillfborougk 
 
 CO. K. Hampfhire, Incorporated In 1763, 
 
 coatai^in^ 
 
i-if 
 
 LA 
 
 i^ontainlng 526 inhabltaiits. Sunapee pond 
 lies partly here, and in tlie townlliip of 
 Wend el. It is about 16 miles eafteriy of 
 Charkftown. 
 
 Fr/h'-rs JJland in Long Ifland found, lies 
 oppofite to Groton in Conneclicut, is 
 about 10 miles in length and 2 in breadth, 
 having a good foil, favourable for railing 
 fheep. U produces alfo vVheat and other 
 grain. It is annexed to the townraip of 
 iSouthhold, in Sufl'olk co. 6a LfOng Ifland. 
 
 Ftping Bay, in M uyiand, lies on the E 
 fide of Cht-fapeak bay, partly in Dorchef- 
 ter and Somerfet couu'ties. It receives 
 leveral rivers from each county, the chief 
 of which are Wicomico, Naniicoke ; alfo 
 Tranfquaking and Blackwater creeks 
 The tnrtancc ijito £his large bay lies be- 
 tween Goklfb'orougli and Devil's iflands. 
 
 F'ifiing Biy, on the S fide Of lake Onta- 
 rio, is about 37 miles E of Fort Niagara. 
 
 Fi/hiitg Creek, a townfliip on Stifquehan- 
 na R. in Penniylvaiiia. See Noitbumber- 
 Lmd Co. 
 
 FiJkkiU, a pofi lo"wn in Dut chefs co. N. 
 York; 5 miles E of Hudfon R. on FiQikill, 
 at the foot of the Highlands, which rife 
 S of it; containing about 30 houfes, a 
 church for Epifcopalians, and one for 
 Low Dutch. The lownlliip is very cx- 
 tenfive, and contains 6 ehurclies, 3 for 
 the reformed Dutch, I for Prefbyterians, 
 I for Baptift^, I for Methodifts, and 
 has 6168 inhabitants, of whom 524 are 
 Haves. It lies 14 miles S by E of Pough- 
 keepfie, oppofite Ntwburgh, and 66 N of 
 N. York city. There are a few houfes 
 only at the Landing, on the margin of 
 the river. 
 
 Ftjhkill Landings is part of the above 
 town, on the river, where is a poft office. 
 
 F'ljh Kill., or Creek, on whicli the town 
 above defcribed ftands, and from which 
 it derives its name, is fmall, and empties 
 into Hudfon R. about a mile below the 
 Landing, and nearly oppofite New Wind- 
 for. Alfo, the name of a imall llream 
 Ivhich runs S W into Oneida lake. Likc- 
 wife, a ftream which rifes from Saratoga 
 lake, and runs 6 miles eaflerly to the 
 Hudfon. Its mouth is oppofite Batten 
 kill, J, miles above Saratoga town ; and 
 on the N fide of which Gen. Bui'goyne's 
 army laid down their arms as prifoners. 
 
 Fitchburgh, a poll town of Maffachufetts, 
 Worcefter co. 25 miles N of Worcefter, 
 and 50 N W of Bofton. It has 1390 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Fitziuilliatn, a townfliip in Chefliire co. 
 N. HampQiire, about 16 miles E of Con- 
 
 nctSlIcut R. and fcparatcd from Royalf'* 
 ton in Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, by 
 the flate line. It was incorporated in 
 1773, and contains 1240 inhabitants. 
 
 Fine Fori, is fituuted 185 milcs W S W 
 of Winaipeg lake. N lat. 49 42, W loii. 
 102. 
 
 Flamboroitghj a. fac^cry of the Hudfon 
 bay company, on the S wtftern fide of 
 Hudlba bay. 
 
 Flarnhormigh Toivnjiyip^in U Canada, dif- 
 tinguiihed by Eaft and Weft Elambor- 
 ough, in tlie weft riding of the county of 
 York, lies W of tlie Mifl'afaga lands, and 
 fronts Dundas ftreet. 
 
 Flatbujh, the chief town of King's co. 
 Long I. N. York. It is a plcafant and 
 healthy town, 5 miles S by E from N. 
 York city. It contains a number of 
 dwelling houfes, moftly in one ftreet ; 
 many of which arc elegant and commo- 
 dious. The inhabitants arc chiefly of 
 Dutch extradiion. It contains 946 in- 
 habitants, of whom' J4I are flaves. The 
 productions are various kinds of fruit, 
 vegetables, grain, &c. which find a ready 
 market in the metropolis. The land lies 
 low; and in fummer the whole townfliip 
 appears like an extenfive garden. I'hc 
 public baildiiigs are a Dutch church, a 
 court houfe, and an academy, called Eraf* 
 mu3 Hall, the moft flourifliing of all the 
 academies in the ftate. It is in a pleafant 
 and healthful fitiTation, 4 miles from 
 Brookline ferry. A bloody battle was 
 fought near this town on the 27th of Au- 
 guft, 1776, when the Americans weie de- 
 feated by the Britifli with great lofs. 
 The remains of the American army re- 
 treated to N. York, under the cover of a 
 thick fog, which rofe in a very uncom- 
 mon and providential manner, and Avas 
 the means of faving the American army. 
 
 Flat JJlands, in U. Canada, lie to the W 
 of the Manitou iflands, and open to the 
 ftraits of MichiUmackinac, upon lake 
 Huron. Smyth. 
 
 Flatlands, a fmall townfliip in King's co. 
 Long I. diftant from N. York city 6 or 7 
 milcs. It contains 493 inhabitants, of 
 whom 128 are flaves. 
 
 Flat Rock, is an expanfive, clear, flat 
 rock, but a little above the furface of the 
 ground, and near the banks of a delight- 
 ful rivulet of excellent water, which is 
 one of the head branches of Great Ogee- 
 chec R. in Georgia. This is a commoa 
 rendezvous or camping place for traders 
 and Indians. 
 Flattery, Cape, fo named by Capt. Cook, 
 
 Oli 
 
FLO 
 
 FLO 
 
 ".r.'i account of its promifing at a diuance f 
 ^rint it denied on a nearer approach. Lat. 
 48 ^jKiBi)* 2,^5 30 E. This cape, Capt. lu- 
 I'tayfflPof BoUon, found to he the S Tide of 
 the entrance of the (traits of Juan de Fuca. 
 N lat. 48 25, Vv^lon. 17..1 52. See Fuca. j 
 
 Fleming, a county of Kentucky, hound- | 
 ed N by Mnfon, S E hy Virginia, S W and ! 
 W by Montgomery. ■ It is mountainous, 
 and watered by ieveral ftreams which fall | 
 into Sandy and Licking rivers. It con- i 
 tains 4893 inhabitants, 440 arc flaves. * 
 
 Flemintrfbur^b^ the chief town of Flem- i 
 ing CO. Kentucky, containing 123 people, j 
 Here is a pofl office. • j 
 
 Flemini;ii-jn, a fniall port town of N. Jer- I 
 fey, in Hunterdon co. lies about 6 miies | 
 N eaftward of Amwcll on Delaware R. 1 
 23 N N W of Trenton, 9 S of Pittftown, { 
 and 53 N E by N of Philadelphia. It ' 
 contains about a dozen compatiT: houfea, i 
 and has a pofl: office. | 
 
 Fletcher, z. towulliip in Franklin co. Ver- \ 
 mont, containing 2CO inhabitants. It has j 
 Cambridge on the S E, and Geor;;i;(a W. 1 
 
 Flint R. a coniiderable river of Georgia, 1 
 v/hich rlfes in the country of the Creek 
 Indians, and running a S, and thence a S 
 W courfe, joins the Appalachicola, at its 
 entrance into Florida. The Flint is about 
 30 rods wide, and from 12 to 15 feet deep 
 in futnmer, and has a gentle current. 
 The territory lying on this river, efpec- 
 ialiy on the upper part of it, preiVnts ev- 
 ery appearance of a deHghtfi-.l and fruit- 
 ful region in fonie future day ;• it being a 
 rich foil, and exceedingly well fituated 
 for every branch of agriculture, and of- 
 fers an uninterrupted navigation to the 
 bay of Mexico, and Atlantic ocean, ajtid 
 thence to the W. India i Hands and over 
 the whole world. There are a number 
 of villages of Creek Indians on this river. 
 
 Flinty a fmall river, about 28 miles long, 
 in the Gcneffee country, in N. York, ij 
 which runs NN.E into Canandarqua creek, jj 
 
 Flinjion, (now Baldwin) Cumberland co. I 
 ?vlaine. It has one eminence in it called j! 
 Saddle Back mountain, but the country ii 
 in general is level enough for cultivation. 
 One half of it is covered with pine and 
 white oak. See BalJivin, appendix. 
 
 Flnri'.la, a pofl town in Orange co. N. 
 York, 6 or 8 miles S of Goflien, and 50 
 NWof N.York city. 
 
 Florida, a town in Montgomerv co. N, {1 
 York, on the S fide of Mohawk R. at the |j 
 mouth of Schoharie creek. Fort Huntei j 
 is in this town, which fee. It has 1218 i 
 inhabitants. j' 
 
 v^ut. I. 5r ■' 
 
 FlorlJj^ Eajl znd. Wcji, belonging ta 
 Spain, fituated lietween 25 and 31 N lat. 
 and between 80 and 91 W Ion. about 600 
 miles in length. Its breadth is various ; 
 the broadefl: part of W, Florida is about 
 130 milcs^ while the narrow peninfula of 
 E. Florida extends, in the faH>e direction, 
 from S to N 400 miles. It is bounded N 
 by Georgia, S by the gulf of Mexico, E 
 by tl'.e Atlantic ocean, and W by the 
 Mifiifippi, which feparates it from Lou- 
 ifiana, and is nearly of the form -of the 
 letter L. W. Florida is bouaded E by the 
 river Appalachicola ; thence it extends 
 W to the Regolets, at the entrance into 
 lake Ponchartrain ; thence through the 
 lakes Ponchartrain and M.iurepas, and 
 along the river Iberville to the MifTifippi, 
 and thence to the S boundary of the U. S. 
 {^11 lit chins. 'I Among its rivers that fall in- 
 to the Atlantic, St. John's and Indian 
 rivers are the chief. Seguana, Appala- 
 chicola, Chatahatchi, Efcambia, Mobile, 
 Pafcagoula and Pearl rivers all rife in 
 Georgia, and run foutheriy into the gulf 
 of Mexico. The principal bays are St. 
 Bernard's. Afcenfion, Mobile, Penfacola, 
 Dauphin, JolephjApalaehy, Spiritu Sanc- 
 to ; and the chief capes are Bianco, St. 
 Blaizc, Anclotc, and Cape Florida at the 
 extremity of the peninfula. The climate 
 is little different from that of Georgia. 
 There are, in this country, a great vari- 
 ety of foils ; the eaftern part of it, near 
 to, and about St. Auguflinc, is by far the 
 mofl: unfruitful ; yet even there, two crops 
 of Indian corn are annually produced. 
 The banks of the rivers which water the 
 Floridas, and the parts contiguous, are of 
 a f uperior quality, and well adapted to the 
 culture of rice and corn. The fine lands 
 near the river Efcambia, are defcribcd 
 under the account of that river. The inte- 
 rior country, which is high and plcafant, 
 abounds with wood ofalrcofV everv kind, 
 particularly white aixl r^ d oak, live oak, 
 laurel magnolia.. pine, hickory, cyprcfs, red 
 and white cedar. The live oaks, though 
 not tall, contain a prodigious quantity bf 
 timber. The trunk is generally frorn la 
 to 20 feet in circumference, and rifcs \o 
 or 12 feet from the earth, and then 
 branches into 4 or 5 great limbs, which 
 grow in nearly a horizontal diretSlion, 
 forming a gentle curve. " I have ftep- 
 ptd" fays Bartram, " above 50 paces, on 
 a (Iraight line, from the trunk of one of 
 thefe trees to the extremity of the limbs." 
 They are ever green, and the wood al- 
 nioO; incorruptible Tluy bear a great 
 
 quantity 
 
tLO 
 
 FOG 
 
 Ail acorns, which Is agrec- 
 n roafted, and from Avhich 
 jtraek a fweet oil, which tliey 
 jg homminy and rice. The 
 laurci .- ^ plia is the moft beautitul 
 among the trees ot the forefl, and 13 uui- 
 ally icO feet high, though fome are much 
 higher. The trunk is pcrftc^lly ere-^V, 
 rifiug in the form of a beautiful column, 
 and fupporting a head like an obtule 
 cone. The flowers, which are on the ex- 
 tremity of the branches, are large, white, 
 and expanded like a rofe, and are the 
 largeft and mofl: complete of :my yet 
 known ; when fwlly expanded, they are 
 from 6 to 9 inches diameter, and have a 
 jnoil: delicious fragrance. The cyprefs is 
 tiie largeft of the American trees. " I 
 have feen trunks of thele trees," fays 
 Bartram, " that would meafure 8, 10 and 
 Jl feet in diameter, for 40 and 50 feet 
 f'laft." The trunks make excellent fliin- 
 gJcs, boards, and other timber ; and wJien 
 liollowed, make durable and convenient 
 canoes. The garden vegetables are in 
 high perfe<5lion ; the orange and lemon 
 trees grow here, without cultivation, to 
 a large fize, and produce better fruit than 
 in Spain and Portugal. Tlie intervale? 
 between the hilly parts of this country 
 are extremely rich. The principal to-vn 
 in W. Florida is Penfacola j in E. Florida, 
 St. Augurtine. T^je Spaniili Itrength in 
 the Floridas, and Louifiana, in 1790, was 
 as follows, according to Mr. Meiford's 
 account : Troops and levies at St. Ali- 
 gn ftiae and on St. John's river, 400 ; St. 
 Marks, lOO ; Penfacola, 350 ; Mobile and 
 Tombigbee, 150; at the Natchez, 200; 
 Red river, lOO; Illinois river, 300; in all 
 1600 men, called the Orleans or Louifiana 
 regiment. The number of Americrin 
 families that have been Spaniili fubjecbs 
 iincc 1783, amounts to 1720, viz. at I'en- 
 fau, near Mobile bay, 90 ; on Tombir^bce 
 river, 130 ; at the Natchez on the JSIifTi- 
 fippi, 1500. All the fettlcrs in thcle dif- 
 tricts are imder tlie immediate orders of 
 the military commandants, and fubjecl to 
 rnartial law ; wirh an appeal from flage 
 to ftage, up to the viceroy of Mexico. 
 The property of the fubjeA at his de- 
 ccafe is to be managed by the command- 
 ant, whofe fees, by law, are enormous. 
 Until the year ij86, the continent of N. 
 America woit by the name of Florida, j 
 It received this name from John Ponce, 
 becaufc when he landed in N la*-. 388. 
 in April, 15 13, he found the country 
 t^«re IB full bloom. Florida hai fre- 
 
 quently changed mafters, belonging alter- 
 nately to the French and Spaniards. W, 
 Florida, as far as Perdido R. wstt|i|^ned 
 and occupied by the French ; th^^main- 
 der, and all E. Florida, by tlic Spaniards, 
 previous to their being ceded to the Brit- 
 illi, at tiie peace of 1763. llie Eri:iili 
 divided this country into E, and Vv . Flor- 
 ida. During the American war, both the 
 Floridas were reduced by the ^-paniards, 
 and guarantied to the crown of Spain by 
 the defniitive treaty of 1783. 
 
 Florida^ Cape, the foutliernmofl: point of 
 land of the peninfula of E. Florida. It i» 
 100 miles N of the if land of Cuba. N lat. 
 aj 20, W Ion. 80 20. 
 
 Florida Keys, or Martyr's If.anch, a num- 
 ber of rocks and fand banks, bounded W 
 by the gulf of Mexico, E by that of Flori- 
 da. The great far.d bank extends from 
 the peninfula of E. Florida inward, to the 
 gulf of nlexico, in the form of a hook ; its 
 W point is divided from the bank called 
 the DryTortugas, by Tortuga channel. 
 
 Florida, Gulf of , is the channel between 
 the peninfula of Florida and the Bahama 
 iflands, N of the idanci of Cuba ; and 
 through which the Gulf Stream finds a 
 paflage, and runs to the N E along the 
 American coaft. See Gulf Stream and 
 JMexico. 
 
 FloiucrtoivTi, in Pennfylvania, is a fmall 
 village about i 'l miles N of Philadelphia, 
 in Montgomery co. 
 
 Floyd, a nev/ townfliip in Oneida Keriie- 
 mer co. N. York, has 767 injiabitants. 
 
 Floxd, a county of Kentucky, containing 
 472 iahabitants, of thefe 29 are Haves. 
 ' Flufhinv, a town in Queen's co. N. York, 
 on the N W part of Long I. and on the S 
 lide of Hell Gate ; 7 miles E by N of N. 
 York city. It contains i8i8 inhabitants. 
 Fl'i-vanna. See fames River. 
 Fluvunua, a county of Virginia, bounded 
 N by Albemarle, N E by Louifa, E by 
 Goochland, W^ by Amherfl, and S by Flu- 
 vanna or James river, which divides it 
 from Buckingham. It is about 22 miles 
 long, and 30 broad, and contains 2703 
 free inhabitants, and 1920 ilaves. Ther* 
 is great plenty of marble, both white and 
 variegated with blue, red and purple veins 
 found here, on James R. at the mouth of 
 Rockfiili ; where it forms a large preci- 
 pice, overhanging a navigable part of the 
 river. . 
 
 Ffj^^y Cape, on the N W coaft of N. A- 
 merica. is lituated on the S eaftern fide of 
 the peninfula of Alaika, aiid W of Kiflrtac 
 iilaud. 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 Focrgy I/Ie, on the fame fide of the pen- 
 infuia as the above, lies alliort way S by 
 W of Foggy Cape. 
 
 Folloivfield, a townfliip in Wailiington 
 CO. Pennfylvania, containing 1635 inhab- 
 itants. E. and W. Foliovvficld are alfo two 
 townlhips in Chefter co. Pennfylvania ; 
 the former has 1622, and the latter 839 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Fonfeca, Gulf of ^ lies ill New Spain on 
 the Pacific ocean, 40 miles S E of the 
 town of St. Miguel, and about 290 miles 
 N W of Cape Blanco, on the wefiern ikle 
 of the gulf of Nicoya. 
 
 Fontaine, Belle, 'A iettlement in the N. W. 
 territory, on the E lide of the Miili- 
 fippi; about 18 miles N of St. Phillips, and 
 a3 below Caholda. 
 
 Font, or Fonte, Straits de, lie on the N 
 W coaft of N. America, in N lat 54 2>s-> 
 Wlon. 9 s^' There is a large ifland in 
 the middle of the entrance. This is 
 thought to be the fame ftrait that DeTonte, 
 a. Spanilli admiral, difcovered in 1640, 
 Tvhofe account of it has been long treated 
 as fabulous. It has been feen by captains 
 Gray and Ingrahani, of Boflon. 
 
 Foralones, in the iiland of Gunra, and 
 coafl of Peru, in S. America, are old walls 
 of lome ancient building in the time of 
 the Yncas, which ferve here as light houl- 
 es for the fliipping which fail fronx Callao 
 to Paita, on the S. Sea coaft. 
 
 Foreland, South, U. Carrada (formerly 
 called Point Pelc) on the N lliore of lake 
 Erie, oppofite Landguard. There is good 
 anchorage for veiTels; on either fide of the 
 point, which runs out to a conhderable 
 diftance, but the beft is on the E fide, in I 
 clay bottom. Near the extremity of the ■ 
 point, and on the E fide is a pond, where 
 boats in general may enter and be fecure 
 from nu>(l winds. A long reef runs out 
 fi'om the point. 
 
 Foreferton, a village in Burlington co. N. 
 Jerfey, which lies between Ayerflon as.d 
 Evefliam ; about 15 miles E of Philadel- 
 phia, and II S of Burlington cily. 
 
 Forejl, a fmali ifland in the Britifu lerri- 
 ^tories, at the mouth of Lake Ontario, be- 
 tween which and Grand Iiland is a nar- 
 row channel. It lies 9 miles fou'herly of 
 Fort Frontinac, and 6 N wefterly of Roe- 
 buck I. in the fame lake, and within the 
 line of the United States. 
 
 Forked Dter, a navigable river in Tcn- 
 eflee, which runs weiierJy into Millilippi 
 R. between the Obian and Katchy. It is 
 about 76 yards wide, 7 miles, rom its 
 aaouth. 
 
 Forh, a townfliip in Northampton co. 
 Pennfylvania, having 884 inhabitants. 
 
 Formofe, a fmall lettlement at the S E 
 end of Newfoundland iiland, at the head 
 of Bear Cove. 
 
 Fort Ann, a poft town, Wafliington co. 
 N.York, 459 miles from Walh.ington. 
 
 Fort Blount, (lands on Cumberland R. 
 in the ftate of Tenell'ee, co. of Smith, 671 
 miles W of Wafl.ington, and has a pofi of- 
 fice. 
 
 Fort Brcxvingtcn, in N. York ftate, is at 
 tlie W end of Oneida Lake, and on the N 
 fide of Ojiondago R. at its mouth in the lake. 
 Fort Chartrcs, in tho N. W. territory, is 
 fituated on the E bank of Milfiiippi R. 6 
 miles W by S of St. PhilHps, and 19 W N 
 W of Kalkafkias village. 
 
 Fort Baiiphhi, a fmall lake, or rather arm 
 of Little V/innipeg lake, and weft: of it. 
 Fort Fdxvcrd, a pleafant village in Wafila- 
 ington CO. N. York, on the E bank of 
 riudfon R. 49 miles N of Albany. It has 
 its name from the large fort built here in 
 1755 ; of which there are no remains but 
 large mounds of cr.rth. Kere is a pcftoflice. 
 Fort Anne, a village on the head waters 
 of Wood creek, in Wafliington co. N. 
 York, 60 miles N E of Albany city. It 
 has its name from a fniall picket fort, 
 erecfted in the reign of Queen Anne, of 
 which there is no veflige left. 
 
 Fort George, in U. Canada, the military 
 poft and garrifon lately built on the 
 heights above Navy Hall, at the entrance 
 of the Niagara river, in the townfliip of 
 Newark, in the county of Lincoln. 
 
 Fort George, lies at the S end of lake 
 George, 62 miles N of Albany. Here are 
 the remair.s of the old forts, George, and 
 William Henry. I'he fituation is pleafant, 
 but there is lx8.rdly the appearance of a 
 village. There is a poft office here. See 
 George, laic. 
 
 Fort Jllajhe, Wailiington CO. N. York. 
 Here is a poft cilice, 870 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Fort Mnier, Wafliington co. N. York. 
 Here is a poft office, 4 39 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Fort Wtlhhifon, Hancock co. Georgia. 
 Here is a poft office, 702 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Fortrr.yal, in the ifland of Grenada. 
 See St. Georges. 
 
 Fortroyal, one of the principal towns in 
 the ifland of Martinico, in the W. Lidie*. 
 ft is the feat of government in the iiland ; 
 its ureets sre regular, the houfes agreeable, 
 and the people gay and luxurious. The 
 
 citad.-'l 
 
FR A 
 
 F R A 
 
 citadel which defends the town cofl the 
 Trench £.325,000 ftcrling. The harbour 
 here Is one of the heft in the W. IndieS; 
 and the iliips of war •winter in it. 
 
 Fortune^ A large bay towards the S W 
 part of Newfoundland iHand ; acrcfs the 
 mouth of which lies Micklon illand, and 
 S of it Peters illand^ This exteniivc b?.y 
 is interfperfed with fmall ifles, and within 
 it are many bays. It has gieat depth of 
 water throughout. 
 
 Fojler, a towniliip in Providence co. 
 Rhode Ifland, containing 2457 inbabit- 
 ants ; 17 miles wcfterly of Providence, 
 and 31 N W of Newport. 
 
 Foxborou^h, a towHihip in Norfolk co. 
 Maifachufetts, id miles S of Bofton. In- 
 corporated in 1778. Inhabitants, 779. 
 
 F(7K, a river in the N. W. territory, 
 which rifes in the S, and runs about 50 
 wiles N, where it approaches very near 
 to, and parallel wilh,Ouifconlin, a N cafl- 
 ern branch of tl*:; Miliifippi river. From 
 the Great Carrying place here, through 
 lake Winnebago, it runs eafterly, then 
 N E to bay Puan, about 180 rniles. 
 From the carrying place to Winnebago 
 it is navigable for canoes 4 or 5 miles. 
 l>om bay Puan its current is gentle ; 
 from thence to Winnebago lake it is full 
 <.)f rocks and very rapid. Its breadth is 
 bfcWecn 70 and 100 yards. The land on 
 its borders is good, thinly wooded with 
 hickory, oak, and hazel. See Oiafconjing 
 and IVinncbdgo. 
 
 Fox, a northern water of Illinois river, 
 34 miles below the mouth of Pleui river 
 Fi-amhiffLum, a townfhlp in Middlelex 
 CO. Maffachufetts, containing 1625 inhab- 
 itants. It was. incorporated in 1700 and 
 is 2d miles W S W of Bofton. 
 
 Francejloiun, an interior pofl town in 
 Hiiliborough co. N. Hampfliire, on the E 
 lide of Contecook R. about ai miles to 
 the .'^ W of Concord. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1772 and cont'iineuin 1775,200 in- 
 habitants, in 1 790, 982, and in i8oo, 1355. 
 Frjiicijlorsy now Cornifa, in York CO. 
 Maine, containing 734 inhabitants. 
 
 Frauds, Sf. a 1 ike, or cxtenlion of the 
 river St. Lawrence, between Kingfton and 
 Montreal, throvigh which pafl'es the line 
 dividing U. from L. Canada. It is that 
 part of the river St. Lawrence which wid- 
 ening above the Coteaw de Luc, lofes its 
 current and becomes a long and narro-v 
 lal<,'. 
 
 : i-iv- ■, u, .',.: nroviaceof L. 
 C.tii.iv, . .. ...h :i>l,o ir-.rAi wi'iouo fi>iircc3 
 
 juar ihc uortiicra boundary of the United 
 
 States, and runs northward into the river 
 St. La.vrci.ce, at the W end of lake St. 
 Peter. It is not all the v/ay navigable ; 
 clie it would afford an impoi tant commu- 
 nication from the northern parts of Ver- 
 mont to the markets of Montreal and 
 Quebec. See jifcot and Sbipton. Its banks 
 are fertile, and arc fettling with people 
 from N. England. 
 
 FniHcis, St. a fmall river in Louihana, 
 wliich runs a S E courfe into the Mifhlip- 
 pi, ic8 miles above Arkunias R. and 70 
 miles above A'largot R. on the E fide of 
 the X^iiiiiiippi- It is the general rendez- 
 vous tor the hunters from N. Oi leans, 
 who winter there, and cclledl lalt meat, 
 fuet,and bear's dII, for the fupply of that 
 city. Kappas Old fort foiineily flood at 
 the mouth of this river, on the fouthern 
 fide. It was built by t'le 1": each during 
 their wars Avith the Cli'ckafaw Indians. 
 Alfo, the name of a fmall river in tne N. 
 W. territory, which runs a .S W by W 
 courfe into Millliippi, betv/een Cold and 
 Rum rivers, 60 miles above St. Anthony's 
 Falls. The country a little above it is 
 hilly, and the foil pretty good. To the N 
 E are the fmall lakes called the Thoufand 
 lakes. The MiHiiippi here is not above 
 90 yards wide. 
 
 F}\^!:c!s, St. in Brazil, S. America, a long 
 and large river which runs N eafterly, and 
 thence S E till it empties into the ocean 
 N E of the town of Seregeppe del Key. 
 It has a number of towns and fcttlcmciits, 
 chiefly en its head waters. 
 
 Frat'coh; Cape St. a iurifdietlon city, and 
 port, in the N weftern part of the ifland 
 St. Domingo. This jurifdidlion is in the 
 N divifion of the ifland, in what was call- 
 ed the French part of it ; and contains 13 
 parifiies. its exports from Jan. i, 1789, 
 to Dec. 31, of the fame year, were as fol- 
 low : 31,187,636 lbs. white liigar, 
 7,267,531 lbs. brown fugar, 32,545,52411)8. 
 coffee, 269,240 lbs. cotton, 245,177 lbs. 
 indigo: tanned hides, molailes, ipirils, ^:c. 
 to tlie value of 21,789 livres. Total val- 
 ue of duties on exportation, 253,590 dolls. 
 37 cents. Cape Franc^ois exceeds Port au 
 Prince in the value of its produtlions, the 
 elegance of its buildings, and the aclvan- 
 taaeous fituation of its port^ The city, 
 whicn IS tne governor s relidence m time 
 of war, is fituatcd on a cape at the edge 
 c>f a large plain, 20 leagues long, and on 
 an average 4 broad, between the fea and 
 tiie mountains. There ai e few lands bet- 
 ter watered, but there is not a river that 
 will adiiiit a ilcop above 3 nilcs. 'I hi^ 
 
FR A 
 
 fpace is cut through by ftralght road:,, 40 
 feet broad, uninterruptedly lined with 
 hedges of lime and lemon treer-, intermixed 
 with long avenues of lofty trees, leading 
 to plantations which produce a greater 
 quantity of fugar than any fpot of the 
 fame iize in the world. The town, which 
 is fituated in the moft uniiealthy place of 
 this extenfive and beautiful plain, had, 
 lome years fince, leveral elegant public 
 buildings, as the govenor's houfe, the bar- 
 racks, ihe magazine, and two hofpitals, 
 called the houpx of Providence^ founded for 
 the benevolent and humane purpofe of 
 lupportjiig thofe Europeans v/ho came 
 thither without money or merchandize. 
 The haibour is admirably well lituated 
 for {liips which come from Europe, being 
 only open to theN, from whence iliips re- 
 ceive no damage, its entrance being I\>rink- 
 led over with reefs that break the force 
 of the v/aves. Before its deftru6i:ion in 
 1793, tiiis city contained about 8000 in- 
 habitants ; whites, people of colour, and 
 flaves. See St. Domingo. 
 
 Franqois, Old Cape, the N. eafternmofl: 
 point of the ifiancl of St. Domingo or Hif- 
 paniola ; having Baifamo bay N W, and 
 Scotch bay S S E. 
 
 Fravqois R. in U. Canada runs S W 
 from lake Nipiffing into lake Huron ; it 
 has feveral portages ; that neareft: to 
 lake Nipifiing, is called Portage de 
 Trois Chaudicrs, in length about half a 
 mile. Smyth. 
 
 Franconia, a tcwnfliip in Grafton co. 
 N. Harnpfhire, 14 miles N E of Haverhill 
 (N. H.) on Connedticut river. Incorpo- 
 rated in 1764, firft called Morriflowu. ' It 
 contains 129 inhabitaat<^, 
 
 Frankfort, a poft town in Hancock co. 
 Maine, on the W iide of Penobfcot bay. 
 It has a few houfes, regularly built, and 
 lies 8 miles W of Penobfcot, and 238 
 N £ of Eofton. The townfnip contains 
 ^67 inhabitants. 
 
 Franhfort, or Fraiikfard, a plcafant, thriv- 
 ing village, in Philadelphia co. Pennfyl- 
 vanla, on the N E iide of a creek of the 
 fame name, a mile and an half from Del- 
 av/are R. It contains about 100 houfes, 
 chiefly of (lone, an Epifcopal and a Ger- 
 man churcli; on elevated ground, about 
 5 miles N E of Philadelphia. Here is a 
 poft ofTice. 
 
 Frankfort; a new townf^.ii^ '1 }!ci'-uncr 
 co". N. York, E of Whiteitown, adjoiiiing. 
 It has 946 inhabitants. 
 
 Frankfort, a thriving village, where is a 
 pod office, ia Han^.pflaire co. Vi-'ginia, 
 
 FRA 
 
 on a creek which empties mt 
 
 mack R. It is 13 miles N W of Kumney, 
 
 4 males S of the Potowmack, and lo S S 
 E of Port Cumberland. 
 
 Frunlfrt, lat capital of Pendleton co. 
 Virginia, is fituated on the 'vV iide of a S 
 branch of Potowmack B- It conraius a 
 court houfe, gaol, and about 50 houfes ; 
 180 miles N W of Richmond. 
 
 Frankfort^ a poll town and the metrop- 
 olis of Kentucky, is lituated in Franklin 
 CO. on the N E iknk of Kentucky R. about 
 5c mules from its confluence with che Ohio. 
 It is a ilourifliing town, regularly laid out, 
 
 i and has a number of handibme houfes. 
 The ftate houfe is a handfome ftone build- 
 
 i ing. Here is alio a tobacco vv'arehoufe. 
 It contains 628 inhabitants. It is 30 
 
 , miles N of Harrodfburg, 40 N by W of 
 
 j Danville, 123 from Louifville, and 790 W 
 by S of Philadelphia. N lat. 38 14, W 
 ion. 95 28. 
 
 Franklin, Fort,\s in Al'cghany CO. Penn- 
 iyivania, near the pofr caded Venango, and 
 v/as eredled in 1787, in order to defend 
 the frontiers of Pennfylvania from the 
 depredations of the neighbouring ludiaps. 
 It is feated on the S W bank of Alleghany 
 R. oppohte the mouth of French creelc 
 N lat. 41 I 40, W Ion. 79 41 ; 53 miles 
 
 5 S E of Prefque Ifle, and 6 2 northward 
 of Pittfburg. 
 
 Franklin Co. the N wefternmofl: in Ver- 
 mont, bounded N by L. Canada, and V/ 
 by lake Champlain. It contains xo town- 
 ihips, and 8781 iijhabitants. 
 
 Franklin Cq. in Pennfylvania, bounded 
 N by Mifiiin, N E by Cumberland, E by 
 York, S by Wafliiiigion CO. in Maryland, 
 W by Bedford co. and N W by Hunter- 
 don. It is computed to contain 8co fqua* e 
 miles, equal to 51^,000 acres. It lies 
 cbielly betv/een the N. and S. Mountains, 
 and comprehends the middle part of the 
 beautiful and rich valley of Coiiegochea- 
 gue ; which is watered by the creek of its 
 name, which falls into Potowmack at. 
 Williams Port in Maryland. This coun- 
 ty^ exhibits a moft iuxurinnt laudlcape in 
 fummier, from the top of South Mountain. 
 Iron ore is found here fufhcient already 
 to furniih work for a furnace and forge. 
 The county is divided into 14 townihips, 
 which contain 19,638 inhabitants. 
 
 FraiiUin,s. poft town, Vcmuigo CO. Penn- 
 fylvania, 32^. miles from WaiT.ingtvU!. 
 
 Fr.uik'.in^ a poll towu of Ohio,56o miles 
 from Walldngtcn. 
 
 Franklin, a pofl town, Pendleton co. 
 Virginia, 191 miles from Wafliiugton. 
 
 *. .FriTikl-^ 
 
 r 
 
 / 
 
r RA 
 
 FRE 
 
 Fratrllh, a pofl: town, WiHiamfon co. 
 ^eneffee, 575 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Fraiihlin^ a town in Dutchefs co. N. York, 
 en the Connecticut line, 10 miles N W of 
 i)anbury. It has 154.6 inhabitants. 
 
 Franklin Co. in Kentucliy, Is bounded N 
 by Scott CO. N W and W by Shelby, S 
 ■E by Fayette, and S by Woodford. It 
 contains 4450 inhabltanvs, of whom HC9 
 are in flavery. Chief town, Frankfort. 
 
 Franklin Co. in Halifax d.ftria;, N. Car- 
 olina, contains 8473 inhabitants, of whom 
 ^5667 are (laves. It is bounded N by 
 •Greenville, S by Johnllon, N E by. Warren, 
 ■S W by Wake, and W by Orange co. 
 Chief town, Lewiflnirg. 
 
 Franklin Co. in Virginia, is bounded N 
 W Bedford, N W by Botetourt, W by 
 Montgomery, S W by Henry, S by Patrick,- 
 and E by Campbell co. It is about 40 
 miles long, and a^ broad, and contains 
 7728 free inhabitants, and 1574 Haves. 
 A rangeof the Alleghany Mountains pafi- 
 «s through it on the N W. It is in gen- 
 eral hilly. 
 
 Franklin Cn.'in Georgia, is f:tuated in the 
 XJpper Diftriifl, bounded t. and N E by 
 ^fugulo R. which feparatcs it from the 
 Itate of S. Carolina ; W and N W by the 
 country of the/ Cherokccs ; S by the head 
 liranches of Broad R. and S E by Elberi co. 
 It contains 6859 inhabitants, of whom 959 
 are flaves. The court houfe is 17 miles 
 from Hatton's Ford on Tugulo R.. 25 from 
 lEibcrton, and 77 from Waihington. Here 
 is a pofl oiEce. 
 
 Franklin College. See Lancujiiry\n Penn- 
 ifylvania. 
 
 Franklin^ a townfliip in Norfolk co. 
 Mallachufetts ; taken from Wrenthr.m, 
 and incorporated in 1778, and contains 
 17,000 acres of land, and 1285 inhabit- 
 ants ; is bounded N by Charles R. which 
 feparates it from Medway, and lies 30 
 miles S of Boflon. 
 
 Franklin^ afmall ifle at the mouth of St. 
 Georges R. in Lincoln co. MaiiiC ; 4 
 leagues fouthvvard of Thomafton. 
 
 Frankliny a pofl: town in Delaware co. 
 S W from, and bordering on Harpersfield, 
 and iis V/ line runs along the S eaitern 
 bank of Sufquelianna R. I'his town was 
 divided by an aiil of the Legiiiature, 1797. 
 It h.-is 1390 inhabitants. I'here is a pofl: 
 efiice in Franklin, Delaware co. N. York. 
 
 Fratkliu^ a townfliip in Weflmoreland 
 CO. Pennfylvania- Aifo, 3 others in the 
 fame flate, viz. in York co. Fayette co. 
 a-rut in Wafliington co. 
 
 i>-«(»i/w», a townihip, the mortheratBofl: 
 
 in New London co. Connedlicut, 6 mil«« 
 N W of Norwich. It contains laio inhab- 
 itants, who are chiefly wealthy farmers. 
 
 Fran.Hin, a county in the fl:ate of Ohio, 
 
 Franks, a town in Huntingdon co. Penn- 
 fyivjiiiia, on t})e Fra'.'kftown branch of 
 Juni-itta R. 20 mihs W of Huntingdon, 
 has 743 inhaljitants. 
 
 Frnyles, an ifland near the coaft of New 
 Andaiutia, Terra Firm a. 
 
 Frny'-:, Los, a cUmip of rocks which 
 rife abovr \va:er on the S fide of the ifl- 
 and of St. Dorrlngo, 4 leagues N Vv^ of 
 the ifland of Ecate, ne.^rly oppolite tlic 
 ifits called the Seven Brothers, in the bay 
 of Monte Chril>, on the N Hde of the ifl- 
 and. Theff; rocks are aifo called the 
 Brothers or Monks. The rapidity of the 
 currents renders this part of the coall 
 very dan->trou.?. 
 
 Frt^cfen-a, a village in Kent co. ftate of 
 Delaware, between ihc two main branches 
 of Mother Ki!I, a ftream. which falls into 
 Delaware 7 miles from the town, and 5 
 S E of J?mes' creek, which leads up to 
 Dover. It contains about 40 houfes, and 
 lies 13 miles E of Dover, and 88 from 
 Phiiadeiphia. Here is a pofi ofTice. 
 
 FrtJerica, a pofl tov.'n of Glynn co. in 
 Georgia^ is fituated on St. Simon's illand, 
 in a very pkafant fituation, and Avas built 
 by Gen. Ogletjiorpe. The fortrefs was 
 beautiful and regular, but is now in ruins. 
 The town contains but few houfes, which 
 (land on ao eminence, upon a branch of 
 Aiatam?.ha R. which v.-aihcs the W fide 
 of this a^,rccabie ifland, and forms a bay 
 before the town, affording a fafe and 
 commodious hurbour for vefTch of the 
 largcfl: burden, which may lit along the 
 wharf. It Was fettled by fome Scotch 
 highkmders, about the year 1735, wiio 
 accepted of an eftaljIifliMient both here 
 and at DSrif.n, to defend the colony, if 
 needful, againft the neighbouring Span- 
 iards. N lat. ;i 'C. W ion, 80. 
 
 Frei/trJfi C\ in ."vi'^land, is bounded 
 
 N by .Fenniylvania, W and N W by Waili- 
 ington, E by Baltimore, and S W by Po- 
 : towmack R On tlie'Monocacy R. and 
 its branches arc about 37 grifl mills, a 
 furnace, iion foig.-, and a glafs manufac- 
 tory, caiicd the i'av.:\ glafs works, which 
 are in a thriving ftite. This county is 
 more than 30 n.ties each way, reckoning 
 from the <xt:c:r:e parts, and is divided 
 into 12 towns aiid villages. The Cotoc- 
 tiny mountain extends from the Potow- 
 mack in a N direction thr.ough this coun- 
 ty iato i'cBafylTSiiiia, between the South 
 Biountaia 
 
FRE 
 
 FRE 
 
 mountain and Monocacy Creek ; the 
 caftern parts are generally level. It con- 
 tains 30,791 inhabitants, including 3641 
 flaves. The lands of this county are gen- 
 erally rich, producing vs'heat, rye, barley, 
 corn, hemp and flax. Mines of copper 
 have been difcovsred. It convHiiis about 
 537,600 acres. Chief town, Frederick- 
 town. 
 
 Brederich Cj. in Virginia, Is bounded N 
 by Berkley, S by S]ian?.ndoah, W by 
 Hamplliire, and E by Shanandoali R. 
 which fcparaCes it from Loudon co. Ic is 
 30 mdcs in lenoth, and ao in breadth, and 
 contains 16,^57 white inhabit^.nvS, and 
 5 1 18 flaves. Iron ore is found here ia 
 great plenty ; ar^d works have been creel- 
 ed which produce 160 tons of bar iron, 
 ^nd 650 tons of pig, annually. In one 
 year 300 tons of bar iron were nnanufac- 
 tured. Pots and other utenfils, caft thin- 
 ner than ufual of this iron, may be fafeiy 
 thrown into or out of the waggon, in 
 which they are tranfporred. Both this 
 and Berkley CO. has a good foil. Between 
 the waters of Cpcckan creek and the 
 Shanandoah is the richcit limcflone land 
 in the caftern paris of the ftate. Near 
 the North Mountain in this county is a 
 curious cave, by fome called Zaney^s Cwoe. 
 Its entrance is on the top of an eitendve 
 ridge. You def'cend 50 or 40 feet as into 
 a well, from whence the cave then ex- 
 tends, nearly horizontally, 400 feet into 
 the earth, preferving a breadth of from 
 20 to 50 feet, and a height of from 5 
 to iz feet. After entering t'lis cave a 
 few feet, the mercury, which, in tlie open 
 air, Avas at 50, rofe to 57 of Falirenhcit's 
 thermometer. After this may be added 
 the Natural Well on the lands of Mr. 
 Lewis. It is fomewhat larger than a 
 common well, and rifes as near the fur- 
 face of the earth as in the neighbouring 
 artificial wells ; and is of a depth, as yet 
 unknown. It is ufed with a bucket and 
 windlafs as an ordinary well. It is faid 
 there is a current in it tending fenfibly 
 downwards. Ch»ef town, Winchefler. 
 
 Frederick Houfe, a trading ftation in U. 
 Canada, on the head water of Abbitibbe 
 R. N lat. 48 35, W Ion. 2,1 6. 
 
 Fredc-rick^ a fort in Wafliiugton co. Ma- 
 ryland, lituated on the N E bank of Po- 
 towmack R. near the S line of Pennfyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Frederick, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 eo. Pennfylvania. It has 697 inhabitants. 
 
 Frederick, a town on the N fide of Saf- 
 fafra* Pv. ia Cccii co. Maryland, aad fep- J 
 
 I arated by that river from George Towh, 
 j Kent CO. It lies 6 miles S W of Warwick, 
 and 14 E of Grove point in Chefapeak 
 he.j. N lat. 39 12 30. 
 
 frcdrr'ck Point, in U. Can?d2, IS on th« 
 W iidc of Kinglhm harbour, and on t^c 
 W fide of Haldaniand cove, which is made 
 by it and Point Henry. Smyth. 
 
 Frtdirid'jhi'.r^h, a port tovv'n in Spotfyl- 
 van-a co. Virginia, on the S W bank of 
 Rappahannock river, no miles from its 
 mouth in Chefapeak bay. It is an incor- 
 porated town, and regularly laid out into 
 fcveral ftrcctS; the chief of which runs 
 parallel with the river, and in all con- 
 tains about 300 houfes, two tobacco ware- 
 houfid, arid fevcral ftorcs of well aflbrted 
 goods. Its public buildings are an Epif- 
 copal church, an academy, court houfc 
 and gaol. It is a place of confiderable 
 trade, and contains about 2000 inhabit- 
 ants. A forge in this neighbourhood 
 msde, fome time ago, about 300 tons of 
 bar iron in a year, from pigs imported 
 from Maryland. It is 50 miles S S W of 
 Alexandria, 68 N by E of Richmond, loa 
 G W of Baltin-iorc, and 205 S W of Phi- 
 ladelphia. N lat. 3S 22, W Ion. 77 2>(^. 
 
 Fre'^ericijlurgh ToivTiJlip, in the county 
 of Lenox, U. Canada, lies to the W of 
 Erneft Town, in the bay of Quinte. 
 
 FreJirick, a townlliip in Dutchefs co. 
 N. l''ork, which contains 1661 inhabitants, 
 between Franklin and Philliptown. 
 
 Fredcrickton, ?. confiderable townfliip ia 
 the province of N. Brunfwick, 90 miles up 
 St. John's R. which is thus far navigable 
 for (loops. 
 
 Fredericktotvn, a port town of Maryland, 
 and capital of Frederick co. fituatcd on 
 both fides of Carrolls' creek, a fmall ftrcam 
 that empties intoMonocacy R. over which 
 are two bridges. Tlie ftrects arc regularly 
 laid out, interfering each other at right 
 angles. The dwelling houfes, chiefly of 
 fioiie and brick, are about 700 in number, 
 piany of which ar-? handfome and com- 
 modious. 'Fhe public edifices are, one 
 church for Prefl^yterians, two for German 
 Lutherans and Calvinifl:s, and one for 
 Baptifl:s,an elegant court houfe, a gaol, and 
 a brick market houfe. It is a very flour- 
 ifliing tov/n, and has confiderable trade 
 with the back country. The Etna glafs 
 works are fituated 4 miles above the town, 
 on Tuikaroia creek. Frederic ktown is 4 
 miles E of Coto<5lin mountain, 47 W by 
 N of Baltimore, 24 E of Sharpfburg. and 
 T48 S W by W of Philadelphia. N lat. 
 
 3924. 
 
 Freebotd, 
 
FRE 
 
 Vk2 
 
 x'r.'fLoId, a pofl: tuwn in Monmouth co. 
 N. Jcrfey, 1.5 miles W of Slirewiljury, and 
 tO' S E by S of New Brunfwick. In th'i^ 
 toivn was fought the obftinate battle call- 
 ed the Monmoutii l).in,!e, on the 28t!i oi 
 June, 1778. See Monfronth. There is an 
 academy in this town. Freehold con- 
 tained, in 1790, 3785 inhabitaals. Sec 
 Upper Freehold. 
 
 Freehold^ a port town in Green co. N. 
 York, containing 3812 inhabitants. 
 
 Frceport, a poft town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, at the head of Cafco bay ; adjoin- 
 ing to Durham on the M E, and to North 
 Yarmouth on the S V/ ; about 10 miles 
 N E of Portland, 140 N by E of Bofton, 
 and dlK N E of Wafliington. It was in- 
 corporated in 1789, and contains 1330 
 inhabitants. A mine of filver ?nd lead, 
 it is faid, has been difcovered in this town. 
 
 Freefone Gap^ a place fo calltd in Ten- 
 cflee, 25 miles from Haw':in's court hcufe, 
 and 2iS fro'" Cumberland mountain. 
 
 FrerfoTvrr, a thriving townfliip in Eriflol 
 CO. MafTachufetts, incorporated in 1683, 
 contains ^S'^!; inhabitants, and lies 45 
 miles foutherly of Bofton. The fouthern 
 part of this town has been incorporated 
 lately into a new town, by the name of 
 Fall R'yjer^ which fee. 
 
 French, a confiderable river in MafTa- 
 chufetts, has its fource in a fmall pond, 
 on the borders of Leicefter and Spencer, 
 in Worceftcr co. and runs through Ox- 
 ford and joins Quinebauge R. inThomp- 
 fon town{liip,in Conneaicut. It derives 
 its name from tlie French Proteflants, who 
 obtained a fettlcment in the town of Ox- 
 ford, after the revocation of the edict of 
 Nantz, in 1685. 
 
 French America. The only part of the 
 continent which the French nation pof- 
 fefPed fome vears fince, war. the diftridl or 
 province of Cayenne, and tlie i/land of the 
 fame name on its coafl, in S. America. In 
 the W. Indies the French claimed the fol- 
 lowing jilands, to which the reader is re- 
 ferred for a particidar defcriptlon : St. 
 Ihmifigo, or Hifpaniola, Cuadaloupe, St. 
 J.ucir^ Tohtigo, St. Burthnlunrciv, Dcfeada^ 
 
 ■AtidiMnrinalante. The French were among 
 the \-?Vi nations who made fettlcmcnts in 
 the W. Indie?; ; but they made ample 
 amends by the vigour with which they 
 purfiied tliem,and by that chain of judic- 
 ious and admirable meafures which they 
 ufed, in drawing from them every advan- 
 tage that the nature of the climate would 
 yield, and in contending ag'^infl^ the diiH- 
 culties which it threw in their way. 
 
 French Broad, a navigable river In tiffc 
 Tenefi'ce, which rifes on the S E fide of 
 'he Great Iron and Bald mountains, ift 
 N Carolina, It is formed by two main. 
 ltr.urjiics, whicli rcct A'e feverai flreams 
 in their cou:-ie. i'hefc uii'te about 58 
 miles from the fource of the Nolachucky, 
 the eaftern branch ; thence it flows N 
 wefttrly about 25 miles, and joins' the 
 Holfton ir miles above Knoxville, and is 
 4 or 500 yards wide. The navigation of 
 this branch is much interrupted by rocks, 
 as is alfo the TcnefTee branch, whicli 
 joins the main river 50 miles below this. 
 A large, clear, medicinal fpring, faid to 
 be efiicacious in curing many difeafcs, has 
 been lately difcovered on the waters of 
 this river, about 30 miles in a direcl line 
 from its mouth. The water is fo hot, 
 that a patient at lirO: going into it can 
 fcarcely fupport it. Nearer the mouth 
 of the river, a valuable lead mine has 
 been difcovered. 
 
 French Creek, a N wefbern v.'ater of Al- 
 leghany R. into which it fali? along the 
 N Tide of Fort Franklin, 80 miles N^by E 
 of Pittlhurg. It affords the ncareft paf- 
 lage to lake Erie. It is navigable with 
 fmall boats to Le Bcuf, by a very crooked 
 channel ; the portage thence to Prefquc 
 Ifie, from an adjoining peninfula, is 15 
 miles. This is the ufual route froni Que- 
 bec to Ohio. 
 
 French Lick, in TcnefTee, is the name of 
 a fait fpring, near which the town of 
 Nallivilie now ftands. 
 
 Frenchman s Bay, lies on the fea coaft of 
 Lincoln co. Maine, and is formed bv 
 Mount Defert idand on the wedward, and 
 the peninfula of Goldfoorough townOiip 
 on the eafiward. Round Mount Defert 
 iiland it has an inland circular communi- 
 cation with Blue Hill bay. 
 
 French River, in U. Canada. It i^ very 
 irregular in its breadth and form, fo 
 crowded with i Hands, that in failing down 
 its current, the real banks are feldom^ 
 feen. It enters lake Huron from the N" 
 .,E, inlat. 45 5,"^ N. 
 
 Frenchman s Creek, in the COUnty of Lin- 
 coln, U. Canada, difcharges itfelf into the 
 river Niagara, in the townfliip of Bertie, 
 a few miles below Fort Erie. Smyth. 
 
 French To-.vn, \\\ Cecil co. Maryland, 
 lies on the E fide of Elk R. a mile S of 
 Elkron, from which it is feparated by Elk 
 creek. Elk ferry is 6 miles below this. 
 
 Frene^'fe Lake, a large col!ec1:ion of wa- 
 ter, through which St. John's R in N. 
 Brunfwick, pafles. la fome maps this 
 
 appear! 
 
FHO 
 
 FUC 
 
 appears only as a dilatation of the river ; 
 i'.ur in others it appears as a large lake of 
 very irregular figure, and receiving con- 
 iSderable ftreams from the circumjacent 
 country. 
 
 Friedburg^ a Moravian fettlement in 
 Wachovia, or Surry co. N. Carolina. 
 
 Frledland, a Moravian fettlement in 
 Wachovia. 
 
 Frlcdeiifjudtetij a Moravian fettlement, 
 whofe name lignifies Tents of peace, on Suf- 
 quehanna R. in Pennfylvania, about 24 
 riiles belotv Ticga Point; eftablifl^ed by 
 the United Brethren in 1765. It then 
 coufifted of 13 Indian huts, and upwards 
 of 40 houfes, built after the European 
 manner, with a neat chapel. Next to the i 
 houfes the ground was laid out in gar- j 
 dens ; and between the fettlement and 1 
 the river about ajo acres were divided 
 into regular plantations of Indian corn. 
 
 Friedetijladt, or Toivti of Peace, a Mora- 
 ■Vian fettlement which was eftabhflied be- 
 tween Great Beaver and Yellow creeks ; 
 about 40 miles N W of Pittfburg. It was 
 abandoned in 1773. 
 
 Frobijhers Straits, Ire a little to the north- 
 ward of Cape Farewell and Weft Green- 
 land, and were difcovered by Sir Martin 
 Frobiflier. N lat. 63, W Ion. 42. 
 
 Frogs Point, or Neck, in W. Cheftcr co. 
 N. York, lies on the coaft of Long Illand 
 found, 9 miles from Harlaem heights. 
 
 Frdn'tinac €q. in U. Canada, is bounded 
 mn tke E by the county of Leeds ; on the 
 S by lake Ontario ; on the W by the town- 
 fliip of Erneft, running N 24° W, until it 
 interfedls the Ottawa or Grand R. and 
 thence defcending that river until it meets 
 the N wefternmoft boundary of the coun- 
 ty of Leeds. Smyth. 
 
 Fr&Hfinac, Fort, a fortrefs in Canada, at 
 the head of a fine bay or harbour, on the 
 N "W fide of the outlet of lake Ontario, 
 where all forts of veffels may ride in fafe- 
 ty. It is a league from the mouth of the 
 lake, and a fliort diftance S of Kingfton, 
 and about 300 miles from Quebec. The 
 winter about this place is much fliorter 
 than at Quebec ; and the foil is fo well 
 cultivated, as to produce all forts of Eu- 
 ropean and Indian corn ,and fruits. Here 
 is one of the moft charming profpe(fls 
 in the world, during fpring and fum- 
 mer. The St. Lawrence and the mouth 
 of lake Ontario, contain a number of 
 beautiful and fertile iflands of different 
 magnitudes, and well wooded, and the 
 bay often prefents to the view veffels at 
 anchor, and other* pafling to and from the 
 Vol, I> Y 
 
 lake. But the misfortune is, that the ad-* 
 vantageous communication between thii 
 lake, Montreal and Quebec, is fomcwhat 
 difficult and dangerous, on account of the 
 river being full of rocks and water falls. 
 This, together with the ambufcades of the 
 Iroquois Indians, induced the French to 
 abandon and deftroy the ftrong works 
 they had eredled here. This happened 
 in 1689. After this they retook and 
 repaired the place. At length the Brit- 
 illi, under Col. Bradftreet, took it In 1 759, 
 to whom it was confirmed at the peace in 
 1763. A river has lately been furveyed 
 by the deputy furveyor general of Cana- 
 da, from its entrance into the lake at 
 Kenty^ near Cadaraqui, to its fource in 
 lake St. CHe ; from which there is an eafy 
 and fliort portage acrofs N W to the N E 
 angle of lake Huron, and another that is 
 neither long nor difficult, to the fouth- 
 ward, to the old fettlement of Toronto. 
 This is a fliort route from Fort Frontinac 
 to Michilimackinack. See Kujgjlon. 
 
 Front Royal, z town in Frederick co. 
 Virginia, at the foot of the Blue Ridge, S 
 E Of Shenandoah R. 20 miles S of Win* 
 chefter. It has about 90 houfes, a Pref- 
 byterlan church and one for Methodifts. 
 A refpe(5lable grammar fchool is kept 
 here. 
 
 Froivfuck Channel, or the Gut of Canfoi, 
 a ftrait between Nova Scotia and Cape 
 Breton ifiand, 5 French leagues long, and 
 one broad. 
 
 Fryduffrins a townfllip in Cheftcr CO. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Frying Pan, a dangerous flioal,fo called 
 from its form. It lies at the entrance of 
 Cape Fear R. in N. Carolina ; the S part 
 Of it is in N lat. t,^ 32, 6 miles from Cape 
 Fear pitch, and 24 S E by S from the 
 light houfe on Bald Head. 
 
 Frying Pan Ifiand, in Muddy lake, U. Can- 
 ada, to the northward of Pointe de Toiir. 
 
 Fryburgh, a poft town, pleafantly fitu- 
 ated in York co. Maine, in a bend of Saccj 
 river. It was incorporated in 1777, has 
 a flourifliing academy, and contains 447 
 inhabitants. This is the ancient Indian, 
 village Pigwaket, through which the up- 
 per part of Saco meanders ; 60 miles 
 from the fea, and 120 N by E of Bofton. 
 N lat. 44 2, W Ion. 70 47 30. 
 
 Fuca, Straits of Juan de, lie on the N W 
 coaft of N. America. The entrance lies 
 between Cape Flattery on the S fide, in 
 N lat. 48 25, W Ion. 124 52, to the op- 
 pofite coaft of the Quadras ifles, in N 
 Ut 42 J 3 3»« it communicates with 
 Pintard'* 
 
GAG 
 
 GAL 
 
 ?5intard's found, and thus forms Quadras 
 ifles ; in the S eaftem coaft of which lies 
 Nootka found. See Pintard''s found. The 
 Spaniads, jealous of their right to the 
 American coall:, eftabliilicd a fcttlement 
 at this place. 
 
 Fuego. See Terra del Fuego. 
 
 Full Moon Shoal. See Hatteras. 
 
 Fundy^ a large bay in N. America, which 
 opens between the iflands in Penobfcot 
 bay, in Lincoln co. Maine, and Cape Sa- 
 ble, the S v/eftern point of Nova Scotia. 
 It extends about 200 miles in a N E 
 direction ; and with Vertc bay, which 
 puflies into the land in 3 S W direc- 
 tion from the ftraits of Northumberland, 
 forms a very narrow ifthmus, which 
 unites Nova Scotia to the continent ; and 
 where the divifion line runs between that 
 province and New Brunfwick. From its 
 mouth up to Paffamaquoddy bay, on its 
 N W fide, fituated between the province 
 of New Brunfwick and the diftrid: of 
 Maine, are a number of bays and iflands 
 on both lides, and thus far it contrad:s its 
 breadth gradually. It is 12 leagues acrofs 
 from St. John's in New Brunfwick, to the 
 Gut of" Annapolis, in Nova Scotia ; where- 
 the tides are rapid, and rife 30 i^tt. 
 Above this it prefcrves nearly an equal 
 breadth, until Its waters are formed into 
 two arms, by a peninfula, the wcftern 
 point of which is called Cape Chigneclo. 
 At the head of the N eaftern arm, called 
 Chigneclo channel, which, with bay Verte 
 forms the ifthmus, the tides rife 60 fett. 
 In the Balin of Minas, which is the E 
 arm or branch of this bay, the tides rife 
 40 feet. Thefc tides are fo rapid as to 
 •vcrtake animals feeding on the fuore. 
 
 Funkjloiuit, See Jernfuler/i, in MAry'iMxd. 
 
 isrABARON, a bay on the S W of Lou- 
 ilbourg, in the iiland of Cape Breton. 
 
 Gahori, a bay on the S £ coafl- of Cape 
 Breton ifland. The entrance into it, 
 which is not more than 20 leagues from 
 the iiles of St. Pierre, is between iflands 
 and rocks about a league in breadth. 
 The bay is 1 leagues deep, and afFoi-ds 
 good anchorage, 
 
 Gabriel, St. an ifiand in the great river 
 La Plata, S. America, difcovered by Se- 
 baftian Cabot, in the year 1536. 
 
 Guihpas, an Indian tribe, formerly in 
 alliance with the Dcla wares. 
 
 Ga^e TJlimd, in the county of Ontario, U. 
 ^nadaj'lies off Kingftou ia lake Ontario, 
 
 between Amhcrft ifland and Wolfe ifland 
 
 Gage''s Toivn, a fettlement in Sunbury 
 CO. New Brunfwick ; on the lands grant- 
 ed to Gen. Gage, on the W fide of St. 
 John's R. on the northern fhore of the 
 bay of Fundy. The general's grant con- 
 fifts of 20,000 acres of land ; the upland 
 of which is in general very bad. There 
 is fome intervale on the river fide, on 
 which are a few fettlcrs ; exclufivc of 
 thefe fettlements, there is very little good 
 land of any kind. 
 
 Giilen, a military townfhip in Ononda- 
 go CO. N. York, fituated on Canandarqua 
 creek, 12 miles N W of the N end of Cay- 
 uga lake, and 13 S by E of Great Sodus> 
 It is bounded S by Junius. 
 
 GiileL'f an ifland at the E end of lake 
 Ontario, and in the ftate of N. York, 5 
 miles S wtt!:vv'ard of Roebuck iiland, 5 
 northerly of Point Gaverfe, and 31 S E ' 
 of Point au Goclans. 
 
 Giilstte, La, a neck of land in the river 
 St, Lawrence, in Canada. From the point 
 oppofite to rifle de Montreal, a road might 
 be made to Oalette,fo as to fave 40 leagues 
 of navigation, which the falls render aI-> 
 moftimprac^icable, and always very te- 
 dious. The land about La Galettc is very 
 good ; and in tv.'o days time a barque 
 may fail thence to Niagara, with a good 
 wind. La Galette is a league and ^ half 
 above the fall called Ics Galots. 
 
 Galette, Riviere a la 'vielle, in U. Canada, 
 runs into the river St. Lawrence, abm^e 
 Ifle Fort Levi. 
 
 Galibis,ov Charaihes, a nation of Indians 
 inhabiting near New Andalufia, in S. 
 America ; from which the Charaibcs of 
 the W. Indies are thought to be defcendcd. 
 
 Galicia, an 'audience in Old Mexico or 
 New Spain, containing feven provinces, - 
 Guadalaxera is the capital city, 
 
 Galipago IJles, the name of feverr.l unin-- 
 habited ifles in the South Sea, on both 
 fides the equator, not far from the coaft 
 of Terra Firma ; belonging to Spain. 
 They lie between 3 N, and 4 S lat. and 
 between 83 40 and 89 30 W Ion. There 
 are only 9 of them of any confidetable 
 fize ; fome of which are 7 or 8 leagues 
 long, and 3 or 4 broad. Dampier fa\v 14 
 or 15 of them. The chief of thefe arc 
 Norfolk, ncarefl: the continent, Wenmorc 
 among the N wefternmoft, and Albemarle 
 the we{ternmofl: of all. A number of 
 fmall ifles lie W from thefe, on both fides 
 the equator ; one of which, Gallego I. lies 
 in the ift degree of N lat. and 102 of \V 
 Ign, r^lanv Ja tiiefe ifles arc well wood- 
 
GAL 
 
 CA^ 
 
 edjsnd fomc have a deep Mack mould. 
 Vaft quantities of the fintll turtle are to 
 be found among ihefe iflands, where they 
 .live the greatefl part of the year; yet 
 they are faid to go from thence over to 
 the main to lay their eggs, which is at 
 fleafl 100 leagues diftant. 
 
 Gallan, Si. .3. fmall illand on the coaft of 
 Peru, in lat. 14 S, 5 miles N of the high 
 land Jl^orro Feijo, or Old Man's Head ; 
 >b"twecn which ifland and the high land, 
 is a moft eligible ftation to.cruife for vel- 
 fcls bound for Callao, N. or S. 
 
 Gjliia, a county in the flatc of Ohio. 
 
 Gallatin, a county of Kentucky, con- 
 taining 1078 iniiabitants, 276 are ilaves. 
 
 Gallatin, a poft town of Sumpter co. 
 TenciTee, 714 miles Why S from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Galliopolis, a poft town in the ftate cf 
 Ohio, lituated on a bend of the Ohio R. 
 and nearly oppofite to the mouth of the 
 -Great Kanhaway. It is faid to contain 
 about 100 houfes,all inhabited by French 
 .people. In Nov. 1796, many of the in- 
 habitants fell victims to the yellow fever, 
 generated, as was fuppofed,by the unufual 
 filthinefs of the place. [Elicotf.] It is 140 
 miles caftward of Columbia, 300 S V/ of 
 ipittfturg, and 559 S W of Philadelphia. 
 J^ lat. 39 2, W Ion. 83 9. This town is 
 faid to be on the decline, their right to 
 the lands not being fufEciently fecured. 
 
 Galofs, the lowefl of the falls on tlie 
 river St. Lawrence in Canada. Between 
 the neck of land la Galette and les Galots 
 is an excellent country, and no where can 
 there be fecn finer forcfts. 
 
 Galofs, I'ijle aux, an iiland in the river 
 St, Lawrence, in Canada; 3 leagues be- 
 yond ride aux Chevres, in N lat. 4^ 33. 
 
 Gfillo, an ifiand in the province of Po- 
 .payan, S. America, in Niat. 2 .40. Capt. 
 Dampier fays it is fituated in a deep bay, 
 and that off this ifland there is net above 
 4 or 5 fathom water ; but at Segnetta, 
 ■which is on the N fide, a vefTcl may ride 
 in deep water, free from any danger. 
 The ifland is high, provided with wood 
 and good water, and having good landy 
 bays) where a fliip mav be cleaned. Aifo, 
 the name of an ifland of the South fea, 
 near the coafl of Peru, which was thefirft 
 place pofleflcd by the Spaniards, when 
 they attempted the couquefl: of Peru. 
 
 Gallotvay., a townfliip in Gloucefler co. 
 ■N. Jerfey. 
 
 Gakvay, a pofl town in the county of 
 Saratoga, N York. It has 2310 inhabit- 
 aati. It is W of JJallftown. 
 
 Gamhle's Stafiort, a fort about 12 mliftg 
 from Knoxville, in TenefTee. 
 
 Gammon, Point, anciently called Point 
 Gilbert, by Goiiiold, forms the eaftern 
 fide of the harbour of Hyanis or Hyennes, 
 in Earnftablc co. MafTachuf'etts. 
 
 Gananoque River, in U. Canada, difcharg- 
 es itfelf into the river St. Lawrence, in 
 the townfliip of Leeds. As high as the 
 fii-ft rapids, the fliore is bold, a!)d the 
 water deep ; there is an excellent har- 
 bour in the mouth of the river, the water 
 is from 12 to 15 feet deep in the channel, 
 and the current is very llow. This river 
 was called the Thames before the divifion 
 of the province of Quebec. 
 
 Ganarajha River, in U. Canada, by fomc 
 called Petnetefcoutiang, runs into lake 
 •Ontario on the N iide, caftward of Petit 
 Efcors, and W of Pointe aux Chevaux. 
 From the mouth of this river is a carry- 
 ing place of about ii miles, to the Rice 
 lake, through an excellent country for 
 ^making a road. Smyth. 
 
 Gannclor, a fmall ifiand in the guif of 
 St. Lawrence, in N lat. 48, near Bird ifland. 
 
 Garazu, a town in Brazil, and province 
 of Pernambuco, 25 miles N of Olinda. 
 
 Gardiner, a poft town in Kennebeck co, 
 Maine, (late the wefterly part of Pittf- 
 town) on the W bank of Xenntbeck R. 
 
 Gardner, a townfiup in Worcefter co. 
 Maflacliufetts, incorporated in 1785. It 
 contains about 14,000 acres, well Vvater- 
 ed, chiefly by Octer R. and 667 inhabit- 
 ants. The road from Conneclicut river, 
 through Peterfliam, Gerry, and Temple- 
 ton on to Bofton, pafTes through it ; 26 
 miles N by W of .Worcefler, and 58 NW 
 of Bofton. 
 
 Gardner-'' s IJlaiid, or T/le of Wight, lies at 
 the E end of Long Ifland, in N. York ftate, 
 ftieltered within Oyfter pond, and Mon- 
 tank points; 10 miles N W of the latter, 
 and as far S W of Plumb iiland. Ii con- 
 tains about 3000 acres of fertile laud, the 
 property of one perfoii, and yields excel- 
 lent grafs, wheat and corn. ' Fine flieep 
 and cattle are raifed on it. It is annexed 
 to E. Hampton, and lies 40 milts S weft' 
 erly of Newport, Rhode Ifland. 
 
 Garrard, a county of Kentucky, lying 
 S E of Madifoa co. on the S fide of Ken- 
 tucky R. 
 
 Gafpc, or Gachepe, a 'bay and head land 
 S of Florcll ifle, which lies between it and 
 Cape Rofiers, on the E coaft of L. Canada, 
 and W fide of the gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Gafpee, a diftrict, and county, in L. Can- 
 ada, embracing the point of land i>ounded 
 
 by 
 
GAY 
 
 GEN 
 
 Vy the river and gulf of St. Lawrence on 
 the N and E, and the bay of Chaleurs S 
 and S W. The inhabitants, confiding of 
 Acadians, refugee loyallfts, anddifbandcd 
 fnldiers, live chiefly in feveral towns laid 
 out in 1786, on the N flipre of Chalcur 
 bay, which fee. 
 
 Gafpee, or Namqiilt Point, 7 miles S of 
 Providence, Rhode I. projedling from the 
 weftern flaore of Providence R. remarka- 
 ble as being the place where the Britiili 
 armed fchooner, called the Gafpee, was 
 burnt, June 10, 1772, by about 60 men 
 from Providence, painted like Narragan- 
 fet Indians. For the caufe of this tranf- 
 a<£lion, fee Gordon's Hift. of the Amer, 
 Rtv. vol. I. p. 311. 
 
 Gafpefta, a trai5l of country on the S 
 iide of the mouth of St. Lawrence R. and 
 on the N fide of Chaleurs bay, in L. Can- 
 ada. Its E extremity is Cape Rofiers. 
 The Indians called Gafpefians inhabit here. 
 
 Gates Co. in Edenton caflcrn diftritEl, N. 
 Carolina, is bounded N by the ftate of 
 Virginia, S by Chowan co. It contains 
 5881 inhabitants, including 2688 flaveg. 
 At the court houfe is a poft office, 280 
 miles from "VVafliington. Chief town, 
 Hertford. 
 
 Gaully fifver, about the fize of Green? 
 briar, runs into the Kanhav/a fome miles 
 above the falls on the eaftern fide. Its 
 fource is unknown. 
 
 Gay Head., is a kind of peninfula on 
 Martha's Vineyard, betwee^i 3 and 4 
 xuiles in length and 2 in breadth, and al- 
 moft feparated from the other part of the 
 ifland by a large pond. The Indians in- 
 Jiabiting this part, when lately numbered, 
 amounted to 203. The foil is good, and 
 only requires cultivation to produce mod 
 vegetables in perfection. There are evi- 
 dent marks of there having been volca- 
 noes formerly on this peninfula. The 
 marks of 4 or 5 craters are plainly to be 
 feen. The moft foutherly and probably 
 themoft ancient, as it is grown over with 
 grafs, now called the Devil's Den, is at 
 leafl 20 rods over at the top, 14I at the 
 bottom, and full 130 feet at the fides, ex- 
 cept that which is next the fea, where it 
 is open. A man now alive rel^ttes, that 
 his mother could remember when it was 
 common to fee a light upon Gay Head in 
 the night time. Others fay, their anccfters 
 have told them that the whalemen ufcd to 
 guide thcmfelres in the night by the lights 
 that were feen uponGay Head. The lea 
 has made fuch encroachments here, that, 
 v/ithin 3p years, it has (wept oiF ij or so 
 
 rods, the extremity of Gay Head is the % 
 W point of the Vineyard. N lat. 41 20, 
 W Ion. from Greenwich 70 50. 
 
 Gee's Bridge, Bruufwick CO. Virgini^. 
 Here is a poft office, 211 miles from \Valli» 
 ington. 
 
 Gekelcmuckpechuenh, a town of the Dela^ 
 ware Indians, oa. a creek of the fame 
 name, a head water of the Muikingunv 
 This was the northernmoft Moravian fet- 
 tlement on Muskingum river. It lies li 
 miles N E l>y N of Salem, and 78 N weiV 
 erly of Pittfburg. 
 
 Gemefs, a fort on the river St. John*^, 
 which was taken by the Englifli in 1674. 
 
 Genefee, a townfliip in Ontario co. 1^ 
 York, having 217 ele<5lors. 
 
 Genif-e Country, a large tract of land m 
 the Hate of N. York, bounded N and ^ 
 W by lake Ontario, S by Pennfylvania, 
 E by the \v'tfl;ern part of the military 
 townfliips, in Onondago co. and W l>y 
 lake Erie and Niagara R. It is a ricbt 
 tradt of country, and well watered by 
 lakes and rivers ; one of the latter, Gen- 
 efee R. gives name to this tra6t. It is 
 generally flat, the rivers fluggifli, the foil 
 inoift, and the lakes numerous. 
 
 Gernffee R. rifes in Pennfylvania, near 
 the fpot which is the highefl: ground in 
 that flate, where the eafteriimofl: water of 
 Alleghany riyer, and Pine creek, a water 
 of Sufquehanna, and Tioga R. rife. Fifty 
 miles from its fource there are falls of 40 
 feet, and 5 from its mouth of 75 feet,aii4 
 a little above that of 96 feet. Thefe falls 
 furnifh excellent mill feats, which are im- 
 proved by the inhabitants. After a courfc 
 of about 100 miles, moftly N E by N, it 
 empties into lake Ontario, 4^ miles E oi' 
 Irondequat, or Rundagut bay, and 80 F) 
 from Niagara falls. The fettlements on 
 Gcneflee R. from its mouth upwards, ar<j 
 Northfield, Northampton, Hartford, Gen- 
 eflee, and Williamfburgh. The laft men- 
 tioned place, it is probable, will foon be 
 the feat of extenfive commerce. There 
 will not be a carrying place between N. 
 York city and Williamfburgh, when the 
 weftern canals and locks ihall be complet- 
 ed. The carrying places at prefent are 
 as follows, viz. Albany to Schene(5lady 16 
 miles, from the head of the Mohawk to 
 Wood creek i, Ofwego falls 2, Geneflee 
 falls 2; fo that there are but 21 miles 
 land carriage necefiary, in order to con- 
 vey commodities from a trael of country 
 capable of maintaining feveral millions 
 of people. The famous Geneflee flats liq 
 on the borders of this river. They are 
 
 ?ibouE 
 
GEN 
 
 GEO 
 
 about 20 miles long, and about 4 wide ; 
 the ibil is remarkably rich, quite clcnr of 
 trees, producing grafs near lo feet higli. 
 They are moftiy the property of the In- 
 dians. 
 
 Gem^ee Co. is bounded N by lake On- 
 tario, W by Niagara R. and lake Erie, S 
 by Pennfylvauia, E by the counties of 
 I'ioga and Onondago. It embraces the 
 counties of Ontario, Steuben, and Gcnef- 
 lee, and contained, in i8co, upwards of 
 17,000 fouls. In the year 1789, Mcllrs. 
 Gorham and Phelps bought ■z,200,ooo 
 acres of land in this tra(5l, remarkable for 
 its natural advantages, its fertile foil, and 
 mild climate. It is finely watered by the 
 GenefTee river and its tributary ftreams, 
 alfo by Rundagut, EHnt, Mud and Sal- 
 mon creeks, and by a great number of 
 fine lakes, fome of which are from 20 to 
 40 miles in length. The S part of this 
 coumtry is watered by feveral branches of 
 the Sufquehanna, fuch as the Conho(5ton, 
 Canifteo, Tufcarora, and Cananifque, all 
 of which are navigable from March to 
 July. In 1790, this country contained 
 only 960 fouls. A company of Holland- 
 ers have made a large purchafe in this 
 country. See Buta-via. The oak open- 
 ings or plains in this country are a great 
 curiofity. They are level, two or three 
 miles in extent each way, and have pnly 
 a few large oaks fcattered over them, the 
 under growth confifts of flirub oaks, 
 hickory, vines, flowers, and long grafs. 
 Thefe openings, but on a piore extenf^tve 
 fcale, extend far to the S W, and with the 
 fortifications found with them, evince 
 that this country has been formerly fet- 
 tled by a people more civilized than the 
 prefent race of Indians. Greiv's MS. 
 
 GeneJJce Co. is large, embracing the wcfl- 
 crn part of the ftate of N. York. See the 
 above article. 
 
 Geneva^ a lake in U. Canada, which 
 forms the W extremity of lake Ontario; 
 to which it is joined by a fliort and nar- 
 row (trait. 
 
 Geneva, a port town in Ontario co. N. 
 York, on the great road from Albany to 
 Niagara, fuuated on the bank of the N W 
 corner of Seneca lake, about 74 miles W 
 of Oneida caftle, and 92 W of Whitef- 
 town. The Friends fettlement lies about 
 18 miles below this. It has nearly ico 
 houfes, fome of them handfome, a hotel 
 52 feet fquare, 3 ftories high. They re- 
 ceive their water in pipes, from a fpring 
 3 milediftant. A printing office was ef- 
 tablillied here in 17^6, where a cewfpa- 
 
 per is publilLcd, fupportcd. In 1798, by 
 more than loco fubfcribers. 
 
 G^evienje, St. or Mijfne^ a village iii 
 Louiiiana, on the weltcrn bank of the 
 Milhfippi, nearly oppoiite to the village 
 of Kalkaflcias, iz miles foutherly of Fort 
 Chartres, 65 miles below St. Louis. A%. 
 this place is a regular quadrangular llock- 
 adc, capable of being defended by 4C0 
 men. The militia here amount to about 
 180. It contained, about 20 years ago, 
 upwards of 100 houfes, and 460 inhabit-* 
 ants, befide negroes. 
 
 Geiiito Bt'uige, Powhatan co. Virginia. 
 Here is a pod office, 166 miles from Walb- 
 ington. 
 
 George's^ St. a cape and iflands nearly 
 oppohte to the river Apalachicola, on tJic 
 coafl: of E. Florida. Cape St. George's lies 
 abput 6 leagues to the eaftward of Cajie 
 Blaize, being an elbow of the largeft of St. 
 George's iflands, in N kt. 29 38. There 
 is a large fliqal running out from it a 
 confiderable way, but how far has not yet 
 been afcertaincd. The coafl: between it 
 and Cape Blaize, forms a kind of hollow 
 bay, with deep foundings and a foft bot- 
 tom. There are two iilands to the N \Y 
 of St. George's cape ; that neareft to it 
 is fmall, and remarkable for a clump of 
 ftraggling trees on the middle of it ; the 
 other is pretty large, and of a triangular 
 form, and reaches within 3 leagues of 
 Cape Blaize, having a paflage at each end 
 of it for fmali craft into the bay, between 
 thefe iflands and the river Apalachicola ; 
 but this bay is full of ilioals and oyftcr 
 banks, and not above two or three feet 
 water at moft, in any of the branches of 
 that river. 
 
 George, Fort, was fituated on Point Com- 
 fort, at the mouth of James R. and 5 miles 
 N E of Craney ifland, at the mouth of 
 Elis;abeth R. in Virginia. See Comfort. 
 
 George, Fort King, an ancient iort in 
 Georgia, which flood 5 miles N E of the 
 town of Darien, in I^iberty co. fituated aC 
 the head of a creek which flows into the 
 ocean oppofite Sapelo I. It is now in ruiu'^, 
 
 George, Lake, in E. Florida, is a dilata- 
 tion of the river St. Juan, or St. John, and 
 called alfo Great Lake. It is about 15 
 miles wide, and generally about 15 or 20 
 feet deep, excepting at the entrance of 
 the river, where lies a bar, which carries 
 8 or 9 feet water. The lake is beautified 
 with two or three fertile iflands. The 
 largeft is about 2 miles broad, and com- 
 mands a moft delightful and extenfiva 
 proi'pe^5t of the waters, if ands, E and W 
 
GEO 
 
 GEO 
 
 'fcores of the lake, the cape?, the bay and 
 •Jnouin Royal ; and to the S the view is 
 ^try cxteufivc. Here are evident marks 
 ^* a large town of the aborigines, and the 
 i^aud appears to have been ouce llie chof- 
 €■" I'clidcnce of an Indian prince. On the 
 .f<-"ite of this ancient town ftands a very 
 pompous Indian mount, or conical pyra- 
 mid of earth, from which runs in a iU'aight 
 line, a grand avenue or Indian highway, 
 through a magnificent grove of magno- 
 lias, Hve oaks, pahns and orange trees, 
 terminating at the verge of a large, green, 
 level favanna. From fragments dug up, 
 it appears to have been a thickly inhab- 
 ited town. See 67. "John s river. 
 
 George, Luke, lies to the fouthward of 
 lake Champlain, and its waters lie about 
 ■lOO feet higher. The portage between 
 the two lakes is a mile and a half ; but 
 with a fniail expenfe might be reduced 
 to 60 yards; and with one or two locks 
 snight be made navigable through, for 
 tbatteaux. It is a ipofl: clear, beautiful 
 ,colle(5tion of water; 36 miles long, and 
 from I to 7 wide. It embofoms more 
 than 200 iflands, fome fay ■iiSs ; very few 
 of which arc any thing more than barren 
 rocks, covered with heath and a few ce- 
 dar, fpruce and hemlock trees, and flirubs, 
 and abundance ef rattlcfnakes. Qa each 
 fidt it is fkirtcd by prodigious mountains ; 
 from which large quantities of red cedar 
 are annually carried to N. York for fliip 
 timber. The lake is full of fiflies, and 
 ■fome of the bed kind, as the black or Gf- 
 ■wego bafs, alfo large fpecklcd trouts. It 
 -was called lake facrament by the French, 
 •who, in former times, were at the pains 
 to procure this water for facramental 
 .«fes in all their churches in Canada : 
 ticnce probably it derived its name. The 
 remains of Fort George fland at the S end 
 mf the lake, about 14 miles N by W of 
 'Port Edward, on Hudfon river. The 
 famous fort of Ticonderoga, which ftood 
 'On the K fide of the outlet of the lake, 
 ■where it difcharges its waters into lake 
 Champlain, is now in ruii;s. See Cbam- 
 pLiin and Ticonderoga. 
 
 Georges Creek, Alleghany co Maryland. 
 Here is a poll: ofiice, 15% miles from Walli- 
 ington. 
 
 George, Lake, in U. Canada, is fituated 
 below the falls of 5t. Mary, and to the 
 liorthward of Muddy lake ; it is about 25 
 anilcs long, and has very fliallow water. 
 
 George's, St. an ifland and parifli belong- 
 ing to the Bermuda ifles, in the W. Indies. 
 3^1 ill, 3 i 45, W Ion- 63 30. 
 
 George s ^t. a large and de'ep bay on tlis 
 \V iide of Newfoundland ifland. N iat. 
 48 12. 
 
 Georg'j's Bank, St. a fiiliing bank in the 
 Atlantic ocean, E of Gape Cod, in Mafla- 
 chufetts. It extends from N to S betweeft 
 41 15, and 42 22 N Iat. aud between 67 
 50, and 68 40 W Ion. 
 
 George\t Key, St. was one of the princi- 
 pal Ei'itifh fettlements in the bay of Hon- 
 duras. It was taken by the Spaniards 
 during the American war, but retaken by 
 the BritiJli foon after. The Britifli fet- 
 tlements on the Mofquito flaore, and la 
 the bay of Hoiidupas, were furrendered 
 to the crown of Spain, at the Spanifh con^ 
 vention, figned at^ London, the 14th of 
 July, 1786. 
 
 George't i?. St. in St. Mary's co. MarVi- 
 land, is a very broad but fliort creek, 
 whofe mouth lies between Piney Point 
 and St. Mary's R. on the N bank of the 
 Potowmack, oppofite the ifland of the 
 fame name. 
 
 George's R. St. in Lincoln cg. Maine, or 
 rather an arm of the fea, lies about '2, 
 leagues S W of Penobfcot bay. Four 
 leagues from the mouth of this river 
 (lands Thomafton. This river is naviga- 
 ble for brigs and fliips of a large burden up 
 to the narrows ; and from thence about 4 
 miles higher, to nearly the head of the 
 tide, for iloops and fchooners of 80 or 90 
 tons. It is about half a league v/ide up to 
 the narrows. Of late feveral confidera?- 
 ble vefTels have been built in this river, 
 which are employed in coafting, and 
 fometimes in foreign voyag-es. There are 
 410W owned in this river,though it does not 
 in all exceed 4 leagues in length, I brig, 
 2 topfail fchooners, and 9 floops : In all 
 about 1 100 tons. The navigation, hovv- 
 .evcr, is generally interrupted in winter, 
 when not only the ftreams through the 
 country, but the fait water rivers are 
 locked up until fpring. Fiili abound here, 
 of almofl: all kinds, in their feafon ; and 
 even lobfters, oyfters.clams, and other del- 
 icacies of the aqueous kind, are plenty ini 
 this river. 
 
 George's, St. a village nearly in the cen-? 
 tre of Newcaftle co. Delaware, on 9. 
 creek of its own name, which falls into 
 Delaware R. 4 miles below, a little above 
 Reedy Ifland. It is 17 miles S by W of 
 Wilmington, and 45 S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 George's, St. the capital of the ifland of 
 Grenada, in the W. Indies ; formerly call- 
 ed Fort Royale, which name the fort ftili 
 retain$. It is iituate.d oa a fpacious bay. 
 
at6 
 
 Gt6 
 
 «n the W fide of the ifland, not far from 
 the S. end, and poflefles one ot the fafeft 
 and moft commodious harbours in the 
 Britifh W. Indies, which has lately been 
 fortified at a very great expenfe, and de- 
 clared a free port. This town was deflroy- 
 «d l>y a dreadful fire in 177 1, and on No- 
 vember 1, 1775, it met with the like mif- 
 fcrtune : and the lofs was valued at 
 ^.,"00,oco. The town now makes a very 
 handfome appearance, has a fpacious 
 fquare or parade ; the houfes are built of 
 brick, and tiled or flated ; fome few are 
 built of ftone, excepting the warehoufes 
 and dwelling houfes round the liarbour, 
 which are nioftly woodenbuildings. Thefe 
 are in a great meafure feparated from the 
 town by a very fteep and rocky hill, the 
 houfeson which, withthe treeswhich ferve 
 foriliade,havearomanticappearancc. The 
 town is computed to contain about 200 in- 
 habitants,niany of whom are v/ealthy mer- 
 chants. This was its lituation before the 
 infurre(ftion of the negroes ; of its prefent 
 ftate we have not authetic information. 
 
 Geofsretozvn, the chief aiid pod town of 
 SuiTex CO. Delaware, is 16 miles WS W 
 of l.ewiftown, and 103 S of Philadelphia. 
 It contains about 30 houfes, and has late- 
 iy been made the feat oft he county courts. 
 
 GeorgetaiMfi, a poft town in Maryland, In 
 Kent CO. on the E fide of Chefapeak bay, 
 of about 30 houfes. It is 9 miles from 
 the mouth of the river Safl'afras, on the S 
 fide oppofite to Frederick, 60 N E of 
 Ghefter, and 65 S Wof Philadelphia. 
 
 Georgetoivn^ a poft town of Beaver co. 
 Pennfylvania, on the S E fide of Monon- 
 gahela R. at the mou.th of George's creek. 
 Here a number of boats are annually 
 built for the trade and emigration to the 
 i^eftern country. It lies i6 miles S W of 
 Union. 
 
 Geors;etoivn, a poft: town and port of en- 
 try, in Montgomerv co. Maryland, and in 
 the territory of Columbia. It is pleafant- 
 ly fituated on a number of fmall hills, up- 
 on the northern bank of Pctowmack R. 
 bounded eafliward by Rock creek, which 
 feparates it from Wallaington city, and 
 h'es 4 miles from the capital, and 8 N of 
 Alexandria. It contains about 2-50 houf- 
 es, feveral of which are elegant and com- 
 modious. The Roman Catholics have ef- 
 tabliflied a college' here, for the promotion 
 of general literature, which is at prefent 
 in a flourifliing ftiate. The building be- 
 ing found inadequate to contain the num- 
 Ber of ftudents that applied, a large ad- 
 iQtip^ ha* beea made to it. G«orgetown 
 
 carries on a fmall trade with Europe ani^' 
 the W. Indies. The exports in one year, 
 ending Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to the 
 value of 128,924 dolts. It is 46 miles S 
 Wby W of Baltimore, and 148 S W of 
 Philadelphia. Lat. 38 $^ N. Ion. s 3 W. 
 
 Georyeiorvn^ in Lincoln co. Maine, is fit- 
 uated on both fides of Kennebeck R. It 
 was incorporated in 1716, is the oldeft 
 town in the county, and contains 1534 in- 
 habilants. It is' bounded foutherly by the 
 ocean, weflerlv by the towns of Elarpf- 
 well and BruniVick, N wcflerly by Bath, 
 and eafterly by Woolwich ; being entirely 
 furrounded by navigable waters, except- 
 ing about 1 miles of land, wxiich divides 
 the waters of Winnagance creek, a part- 
 of tlie Kennebeck, from an arm or influx 
 of Cafco bay, called Stephen's R. The' 
 entrance at the mouth of Kennebeck R. ia 
 guided on the E by Parker's ifland, be- 
 longing to this townflip. It contains 
 about 28,000 acres of land andfidt marfl:, 
 and is inhabited by more than one third- 
 part of the people of the townfliip. This 
 was the fpoi on wlucli the Europeans firit 
 attempted to colonife New England, in ths^ 
 vear 1607. It is a part of what was called 
 Sagadahock; and the patentees of the Plv'^ 
 mouthcompany began here tolay thefoun- 
 dation of a great fiate. They fent over a 
 number of civiland military officers, and 
 about 100 people. By various misfor- 
 tunes they were forced to give up the fet- 
 tlement, and in 1608, the whole number 
 who furvived the winter returned to En- 
 gland. There was a tradition among the 
 Norridgewalk Indians, that thefe planters 
 invited a number of the natives, \Yho had 
 come to trade with them, to draw a fmall 
 canon by a rope, and that when they- 
 were ranged in a line, the white people dif- 
 charged the piece, and thereby killed and 
 wounded feveral of them. The refent- 
 mcnt of the natives at this treacherou* 
 murder, obliged the Europeans tore im- 
 bark the next fummer. Georgetown is 
 15 miles S of Pownalborough, and 170 N 
 by E of Bofton. 
 
 Georgetoiv)!, a poft town of Georgia, ii«^ 
 the CO of Oglethorpe, 50 miles S W of 
 Augufta, furrounded by a poor country ; 
 but, neverthelefs, exhibiting marks o& 
 growing profperity. 
 
 Georgetown^ a large maritime diflri(ft iir 
 the lower country of S Carolina, fituated 
 in the N E corner of the ftate. Horry 
 and il^^n'ow difirlAshave lately been taken, 
 from this dlfiriel, leaving 20,332 inhabit 
 itantS) of which 16,860 are flaves. 
 
 Geoigdoi^tff: 
 
GEO 
 
 CEO 
 
 fy^gy^^ff^vm, a pofl; toAVHj port of cntrv, 
 and capital of the above diftrict, is fituat- 
 ed ou a I'pot near which feveral ftreanis 
 tTnite their waters, and form a broad 
 fcream called Winyaw bay, 13 miles from 
 the Tea. See Fake R. Its fititation con- 
 necls it with an extenfive back country 
 of both the Carolinas, and would be a 
 place of vaft importance, were it not for a 
 Ijar at the entrance of Winyaw bay, 
 \?hich interrupts the entrance of velTels 
 cirawing above 1 1 feet water, and is in ma- 
 ny refpeils a dangerous place. It contains 
 ^ or 400 dwelling houfes, built chiclly of 
 wood. The public buildings are a court 
 houfe, gaol, and academy; 4 churches, of 
 which the Epifcopalians, Baptiils, Prefby- 
 terians and Methodifts have one each. In 
 the academy, orphans and indigent Ciiil-* 
 drcn are educated gratis. There is here 
 a fmall trade to the W. Indies. The ex- 
 ports for one year, ending Sept. 30, 1795, 
 were to the value of 21,511 dollars. It is 
 60 miles N r, by N of Cliarleflou, 127 S W 
 of Wilmington, N. Carolina, and 681 from 
 Philadelphia. N lat. 33 24, W Ion. 79 35. 
 
 Georgia, One of the United Hates of N. 
 America, ?s fituated between 30 37 and 
 35 N lat. and between 80 8 and 91 8 \V j 
 Ion. bdr>g about 600 miles in length, and j 
 on an average 250 in breadth. It is j 
 bounded E by the Atlantic ocean ; S by 
 K. and W. Florida ; W by the river Miffi- j 
 fipi ; N E and N by S. Carolina and the { 
 "i'eneffee flate. It was formerly divided 
 into pariilies, afterwards into 3 difi;rid:s, } 
 but lately into 2 diftritSls, viz. Upper and 
 Lower, which are fubdivided into 24 coun- 
 ties as follow : In the Lower diftridl 
 are Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Chatham, 
 Bryan, M'Intofli, Effingham, Scrivcn, and 
 Burke. The counties in the Upper dif- 
 tricl are Montgomery, Wafiiington, Han- 
 cock, Greene, Franklin, Oglethorpe, El- 
 bert, Wilkes, Lincoln, Warren, JefFerfon, 
 Jackfon, Bullock, Columbia, and Rich- 
 mond. The principal towns arc Augufta, 
 formerly the feat of government. Savan- 
 nah, the former capital of the flate, Sun- 
 bury, Brunfwick, Frederica, Walliington, 
 and Louifville, which is the metropolis of 
 llie ftate ; and here are depolited the re- 
 cords of the (late, fuch of them as a late 
 Jcgifiature did not order to be publicly 
 burnt. The principalrivers which water 
 Georgia are. Savannah, which feparates it 
 from S. Carolina ; Ogeechce x-iver, which I 
 runs parallel with the former, and Alata- | 
 maha, which runs parallel with the others, j 
 Befide tfaefe aBd their numergus branches, ' 
 
 there is Turtle river. Little Sitllla, Cfw? 
 Sitilla, Crooked R. and St. Marv's, which 
 forms a part of the fouthern boundary of 
 the U. States. The rivers in the middle 
 and wedern parts will be noticed under 
 the head of Graro-m IVeJltrn Teritory. All 
 thefe are flored with a great variety of 
 fiib, as rock, mullet, whiting, fliad, trout, 
 drum, bafs, catfifli, white, brim and ftur- 
 geon ; and the bays and lagoons are fup- 
 plied with oyflers, and other fliell fifli, 
 crabs, rmimps, &.c. I'he clams, in par- 
 ticuhir, are large, their meat white, tender, 
 and delicate. The fliark and great black 
 fringray are infatiable cannibals, and very 
 troublefom.e to the fifliermen. The chief 
 lake or marfh is Ekanfanoka, by fome cal- 
 led Oiiaquaphenogarw, which is 300 miles 
 in circumference. The eaflern part of 
 the flate, between the mountains and the 
 ocean, and the rivers Savannah and St. 
 Mary's, a tract of country more than 120 
 miles from N to S, and from 56 to 80 E 
 «nd W, is level, without a hill or Hone. 
 At the diftance of about 40 or 50 miles 
 from the fea board, or fait marfli, the 
 lands begin to be more or lefs uneven, un- 
 til they gradually rife to mountains. The 
 vafl chaiij" of the Alleghany or Appalach- 
 ian mountains, which comimence with the 
 Kaats Kill, near Hudfon R. in the fcate of 
 N. York, terminate in Georgia, 60 miles S 
 of its northern boundary. From the foot 
 of this mountain fpreads a wide extended 
 plain, of the richefl foil, and in a latitude 
 and climate well adapted to the cultiva- 
 tion of mod of the producftions of the 
 fouth of Europe, and of the Eafl Indief, 
 In the low country, near the rice fwamps, 
 billious complaints and fevers of various 
 kinds are pretty univerfal, during the 
 months of July, Augufl, and September ; 
 but the fertihty of the foil, and the eafe 
 with which it is improved, are a fuflicient 
 inducement to fettlers, and an unfailing 
 fource of wealth. Before the fickly fea- 
 fon approaches, the rich planters, with 
 their families, remove to the feaiflands, or 
 fome elevated, healthy fituation, for th6 
 benefit of the frefli air. In the winter 
 and fpring, pleurifies, peripneumonies, and 
 other inflammatory diforders, occafioned 
 by violent and fudden colds, are conlider-' 
 ably common, and frequently fatal. Con- 
 fumptions, epileplles, cancers, palfies, and 
 apoplexies, are not io common among the 
 inhabitants of the fouthern as northern 
 climates. The winters in Georgia are 
 very mild and pleafant. Snow is felddm 
 or never feeu ; nor is veg«tatiou often pre- 
 
 vefite* 
 
GEO 
 
 GEO 
 
 V<?ntfed by fevere frofts. Cattle fubfift 
 tolerably well during the winter, feeding 
 in the woods and favannas, and are fatter 
 in that feafon th.in in any other lu the 
 hilly country, which bej^lus about 50, and 
 in fome places 100 miles, from the fea, 
 the air is pure and falubrious, and the wa- 
 ter plenty and good. From June to Sep- 
 teniber the mercury in Fahrenheit's ther- 
 mometer commonly fluctuates from 76 to 
 90. hi winter from 40. to 6q. The moft 
 prevailing winds are S W and E ; in win- 
 ter N W. The E wind is warmeft in win- 
 ter and coolell in fummer. The S wind 
 in fummer and fall particularly, is damp, 
 fultry, unelaftic, andof courfe unhealthy. 
 In the S E parts of this fl:ate, which He 
 within a few degrees of the torrid zone, 
 the atmoi'phere is kept in motion l^y ini- 
 preflrons from the trade winds. I'his pu- 
 rifies the air ; fo that it is found to have 
 falutary efFe^ils on confumptive habits. 
 In the low lands are the rice fields. In 
 the interior and hilly parts, wheat, Indian 
 corn, and the other productions more 
 common to the northern ftafes. Rice is 
 at prefent the flaple commodity of the 
 (late ; tobacco, wheat and indigo are the 
 Other great articles of produce. Beiide 
 thefe the ftate yields cotton, filk, corn, po- 
 tatoes, oranges, tigs, olives, pomegranates, 
 &.C. The foreits confift of oak, hickory, 
 mulberry, pine, cedar, ^'Ci The whole 
 coaft is bordered with iflands ; the prin- 
 cipal of which are Skidaway, Waffaw, 
 OiTabaw, St. Catherines, Sapelo, Frederica, 
 Jekyl, Cumberland, &c. Thefe illands 
 are furrounded by navigable creek^s, be- 
 tween whi h and the m.ain land is a large 
 extent of fait marfli, fronting the whole 
 ftate, not lefs, on an average, than 4 or 5 
 miles in breadth, interfevTted with creeks 
 in various directions, admitting, through 
 the whoie, an inland navigation, between 
 the illands and the main land, from the 
 N E to the S E corners of the ftate. .The 
 E fides of thefe iflands are, for the mofl: 
 part, clean, hard, flndy beaches, expofed 
 to the wafli of the ocean. Between thefe 
 iflaiids are the entrances of the rivers 
 from the interior country, winding 
 through the low fait marflies, and deliver- 
 ing their waters into the founds, which 
 form capacious harbours of from 3 to 8 
 miles over, and which communicate with 
 each other bv oarallel fait creeks. The 
 foil and its fertility are various, according 
 to fituation and different improvement. 
 The iilandsin their natural ftate are cov- 
 ered with a plentiful growth of v'vsic, oak. 
 Vol. I. Z 
 
 hickory, live oak (an uncommonly har4 
 and very valuable wood) and fome red 
 cedar. The foil is a mixture of land and 
 black mould, making what is commonly 
 called a grey foil. A confiderable part of 
 it, particularly that whereon grow the 
 oak, hickory, and live oak, is very rich, 
 and yields on cultivation, good crops of 
 indigo, cotton, corn, and potatoes. The 
 foil of the main land,adjoiningthe marflics 
 and creeks, is nearly of the fame quality 
 with that of the iflands : except tliut 
 which bijrders on thofe rivers and creeks, 
 which ftretch far back into the country. 
 On thefe, ininiediattly after you leave the 
 falts, begin the valuable rice fwamps, 
 which, on cultivation, afford the prefent 
 chief flaple of commerce. The fi.)ii be- 
 tween the rivers, after yon leave the fea 
 board, and the edge of the fwamps, at the 
 di fiance of ao or 30 miles, changes from 
 a grey to a red colour, on which grows 
 plenty of oak and hickory, with a coH- 
 iiderable intermixtu^ of pine. In foriie 
 places it i^ravelly,' but fertile, and fo 
 continues for a number of miles gradj.i- 
 aiiy deepening the reddilh colour of the 
 earth, till it changes into what is called 
 the mulatto foil, confifting of a bl^ck and 
 red earth. The mulatto lands are gen- 
 erally fh-png, and yield large crops of 
 wheat, tobacco, corn, &c. To this kind 
 of land fucceeds by turns a foil nearly 
 Idack and very rich, on wliich grow large 
 quantifies of black wdnut, mulberry, &:c. 
 This fucceffion of different foils continues 
 uniform and regular, thotigh there ate 
 fome large veins of all the difK rent foils 
 intermixed ; and what is more remarka- 
 ble, this fucctflion, in the order mention- 
 ed, flretches acrofo this flate nearly paral- 
 lel with the feacoafl:,and extends t'lrough 
 the feveral ftates, nearly in the fame di- 
 redlion, to the banks of Iludfon river. 
 Cotton was formerly planted here, only 
 by the poorer clafs of people, and that 
 only for family ufe. Tliey planted two 
 kinds, the annual and the fi\-/} Indian ; the 
 former is low, and planted every year ; 
 the bails are large, and the phlox long, 
 flrong, and perfe6l!y white. Tlie latter 
 is a tall perennial plant, the flalk fome- 
 what llirubby, feveral of which rife up 
 from the r(>ot for feveral years fuccef- 
 fively, the flcms of the former year being 
 killed by the winter frofls. The balls of 
 the W. India cotton are not quite io larg^.- 
 as the other, but the phlox or wool is 
 long, extrcmelv fine, filky and white. A. 
 pUntaiion of this kind will lirt fevtrai 
 
 years, 
 
CEO 
 
 G E a 
 
 years, wIUi moderate labour and care. 
 The culture of cotton is now much more 
 attended to ; feveral indigo planters have 
 converted their plantations into cotton 
 iields. A new fpecies is about to be in- 
 troduced into this ftate, the feed of which 
 Avas lately brought by Capt. Jofiah Rob- 
 erts from Waitahoo, one of the Marquclas 
 iilands, in the S. Pacific ocean, and fent 
 to a gentleman in Georgia by a member 
 of the Hiftorical Society in B<jfton. This 
 cotton is of a very fine texture, and it is 
 expected will prove a confiderable acqui- 
 fition to the fouthern ftatcs. The cotton 
 at prefent raifedin Georgia, is difiinguifh- 
 cd by Tome into two kinds, the green and 
 black feed ; the former is planted in the 
 Upper Country, the latter on the fea i Hands 
 and adjacent lands, and was brought, 
 about the year 17 88, from the Bahamas. 
 And there is now a profpe6ir, that in a 
 few years the ftatcs of S. Carolina and 
 Georgia may be able to raifc more than 
 tsn millions of pounds of cotton annually 
 for exportation. Mofl of the tropical 
 fruits would flourifh in this fi:ate, with 
 proper attention. The S weftern part of 
 this ftate, and the parts of E. and W. Flor- 
 ida, which lie adjoining, will, probably, 
 in fomc future time, becorrie the vineyard 
 of America. The chief articles of export 
 arc rice, tobacco, indigo, fago, lumber, , 
 naval ftores, leather, deer ikins, fuakc 
 root, myrtle and bees wax, corn, and live i 
 ftock. Tlie planters and farmers raife 
 large ftocks of cattle, from 1000 to i^c o 
 liead, and fome more. The value in ftcr- 
 ling money, of the exports of Georgia, in 
 the year I7i5, was I5,744l- in 1772, 
 1 11,677!^ in 1 79-1, value in dolls. 491,472 ; 
 in 1792, 458,973 ; in i793. 501,38.3 ; in 
 1*794,676,154; in 1796,950,158; and in 
 1801, 1,854,951. In 179c, the tonnage 
 employed in this flate was 28,540, and 
 the number of American fcamen 11,225. 
 la return for her exports, Georgia re- 
 ceives W. India goods, teas, wines, cloth- 
 ing, and dry goods of all kinds. From 
 the northern Hates, chcefc, fifli, potatoes, 
 apples, cider, and flioes. The imports 
 ^.nd exports are principally to and from 
 Savannah, which has a fine harbour, and 
 is the place where the principal comm.cr- 
 cial buiincfs of the flate is tranfaifled. 
 According to the cenfus of 1790, the 
 number of inhabitants amounted to 
 82,548, of whom 29,264 were flaves. 
 The incrcafe by immigration and other- {! 
 wife, has been very conllderable fince. j 
 The different religious feels are Prcfbytc- l| 
 
 rians, Epifcopalians, Baptlfls, and MetTi* 
 odifts. They have but few regular min- 
 iflcrs among them. The citizens of Geor- 
 gia have lately reviftd and altered their 
 canftitution,and formed it upon a plan 
 fimilar to the federal conflitution of the 
 United States. The literature of this 
 flate, which is yet in its infanry, is com- 
 mencing on a plan which, if ever carried 
 into efic^l, will be very advantageous to 
 the ftate. A college with ample and lib- 
 eral endowments, is inftituted in Louif- 
 ville, a high and lieaithy part of the coun- 
 try, near the centre of the f^ate. There 
 is alfo proviHon made for the inftrtution 
 of an academy in each county of the flate, 
 to be I'upported from the fame funds^ and 
 confidered as parts and members of the 
 fam.e inftltution, under the general fuper- 
 intendance and diredlion of a prefident 
 and board of truftees, feledled for their 
 literary accomplifhmcnts from the differ- 
 ent parts of the ftate, and inverted with 
 the cuftomary powers of corporations^ 
 This inftltution is denominated The Uni- 
 verftiy of Georgia. The funds for the f'up- 
 port of literary inftitutions are princi- 
 pally in lands, amounting in the whole to 
 50,000 acres, a great part of which is of 
 [he bsft-quafity, and at prefent very val- 
 uable ; together witH nearly 60C0I. fter- 
 liug in bonds, lioufes, and town lots in 
 Augufla. Other public property to the 
 amount of loool. in each county, has 
 been fet apart for th6 purpofcs of build- 
 ing and furnifliing their relpetflive acad- 
 emies. The funds originally defigned to 
 fupport the literary orphan houfe, found- 
 ed by the Rev. George Whitefield, a few 
 miles S of Savannah, are chiefly in rice 
 plantations and negroes. On the death 
 of the Countefs of Huntingdon, to whom 
 Mr. Whitefield bequeathed this property, 
 as truftee, the legillaturc, in the year 
 I 792, pafled a law, vcfting it in 13 com- 
 mifhonersjwith powers to carry the orig- 
 inal intention of Mr. Whitefield into ex- 
 ecution ; and in compliment to the Count- 
 efs, the feminary is ftilcd Huntingdon" 
 College. The different religious fe<5ts arc 
 Baptifts, Methodifts, Prefbyterians, Epif- 
 copalians, Roman Catholics, Quakers and 
 Jews. The two firft are the moft numer- 
 ous, and inhabit the upper part of the 
 flate. The Epifcopalians and Prefbyte- 
 rians are about equal in number. The 
 Catholics and Jews have each one church- 
 It is greatly to be lamented by all good 
 men, that there arc fo few minifters of 
 education in this ftate. Tliis flate was 
 
 firft 
 
•GER 
 
 GiB 
 
 ^^rfl: fettled in tlie year 1732, and was tlie 
 only colony planted at the expcnfe of the 
 crown. 
 
 Georglana, the name originally given in 
 the charter, to a tracft of country in the 
 province of Maine. 
 
 Georgia^ a lownfliip in Franklin co. 
 Vermont,. contains ic68 inhabitants. It 
 is fituated on lake Champlain, oppofite 
 to the N end of South Hero Illand, and 
 joins Milton on the S, and St. Alban's on 
 the N. X.a Moillc river croffes the S £ 
 corner of fcliis towniliip. 
 
 Georgia, Southern, a. clufter of barr-en ifl- 
 ands, in the South Sea, and H of the coaft 
 of Terra del Fuego ; about lat. 54 35 S, 
 and Ion. 36 30 W. One of them is be- 
 tween 50 ^nd 60 leagues in length. It is 
 a difmai region, the land of ice, the vales 
 are deftitute of fhrubs ; coarfe grafs, bur- 
 net and lichens the only vegetables. 
 
 Pinkerton. 
 
 Gerardfiotvn, a neat little town, in Berk- 
 ley CO. Virginia, containing about 30 or 
 40 houfes ; 10 miles from Martiniburg, 
 and 254 from Philadelphia. 
 
 German, a townfliip in Fayette <:g. Penn- 
 sylvania, has 1835 inhabitants. 
 
 German Flats, the chief and poft town 
 of Herkemer co. N. York. It contains 
 1637 inhabitants. It lies on the N fide 
 of Mohawk river, oppofite Herkemer. 
 It is 24 miles E of Whiteftown, and 60 
 miles W of Schenedlady. It contains 163 7 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Germania^ a pofl town, Culpepper CO. 
 Virginia, 82 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Germantotvn, (N. York) in Columbia co. 
 containing 5i4 inhabitants. In 1796, it 
 had 75 qualified voters. 
 
 Germantoivn, in Philadelphia ca Penn- 
 fylvania, is fituated 7 miles N of Philadel- 
 phia city, and was efteemed the fecond 
 town in the country, until feveral inland 
 towns eclipfed it, by fuperior eftablifla- 
 mcnts and number of inhabitants. It is 
 a corporation, confifting chiefly of High 
 and Low Dutch, and contains about 350 
 houfes, chiefly of (lone, fome of which are 
 Jarge, elegant and commodious ; built 
 chiefly on one flreet, abotit 1 miles in 
 length. The public buildings are a Pref- 
 byterian, a German Calvinift and I.athe- 
 ran church, a Friend's meeting houfe, and 
 an academy. Knit fliockings, of cotton, 
 thread and worfted, are manufa6tured 
 here by individuals to a confiderable ex- 
 tent, and of an excellent quality. It is an 
 ancient town, pleafantly fituated, and by 
 its vicinity to the metropolis, well adapt- 
 
 ed for manufacElures. Here is the pria* 
 cipal congregation of the Mennonifts, and 
 the mother ot that fecfl in America. 1 hey 
 derive their name from Menno Simon, a. 
 learned man of Witmars, in Germany, 
 one of the reformers, born in 1505. Some 
 of his followers came into Pennfylvania, 
 from N. York, in 1692. There are about 
 4<r!00 of them in the ftate. 'Fluy do not, 
 like the Tunkers, believe in geieral fal- 
 vatiou ; yet, like them, they will neither 
 fwear nor fight, nor bear any civil office, 
 nor go to law, nor take intereft for money, 
 though many break that rule. They ule 
 great plainnefs in their drefs, &c. and 
 pra(5life many of the rites of the primitive 
 Chriftian church. 'Fhis town is alfo ren- 
 dered famour,, by the battle fought in it, 
 on the 4tli of Ocff. 1777. 
 
 Germantoivn, a pofl: tor.ii, and the cap- 
 ital of Stokes CO. N. Carolina. It is fitu- 
 ated near the Town Fork of Dan river, 
 and contains a court houfe, gatol, and 
 about 30 houfes. It is 528 miles* W by 
 S of Philadelphia. 
 
 Germantoivn, the cbjd!" town of Hydc. 
 CO. in Newteern diflri(5t, N. Carolina. 
 
 Germany, a town in Adams co. Pennfyl- 
 vania, has 1013 inhabitants. 
 
 GerrarJy a covinty of Kentucky, con- 
 taining 6083 inhabitants, of whom 1234 
 are (laves. 
 
 Gerrijh Ifiand, a fmall ifle near Cape 
 Neddock, clofe to the main land of the 
 diftrict of Maine. 
 
 Gerry, % townfliip in Worcefter co. Maf- 
 facliufetts. It was incorporated in 1786, 
 and contains 14,000 acres of land, oa 
 which are 802 inhabit.ints. It is 30 miles 
 N W of Worcefler, and 66 N W by W of 
 Boflon. 
 
 Gdtyfiurgh, a fmall pofl: town in Adam* 
 CO. Pennfylvania, fituated at the head of 
 Rock Creek, one of the head waters of the 
 Monococy, and contains about 30 houfes* 
 It is 9 miles N of the Maryland line, 8 
 miles from Millerfiown, 15 from Abbotf- 
 town, 36 from Wiiliamfport in Maryland, 
 and it8 W by S of Philadtinhia. 
 
 Gibhaivoys, an Indian tribe refiding ia 
 U. Canada, on the E fide of Detroit R. 
 oppofite to Fort Gibralter. 
 
 Grbr alter, an ancient town in the prov- 
 ince of Venezuela, in Terra Firma. It is 
 fituated on the S eaftern fide of Mara- 
 caibo lake. The country in its vicinity 
 is well watered v/ith rivers, and bears the 
 heft quality of cacao, and very large ce- 
 dars. The befl: Spanifli tobacco is made- 
 here, called Tabago dc Maracaibo, from 
 
 which 
 
GL A 
 
 GL O 
 
 ■which the valuable fnufF is made, vulgar- 
 ly called Mackaba fnuif. The air, how- 
 ever, is lb unhealthy, that very few but 
 labourers live in the town ; the wealthier 
 fort reporting to Mtridu pr Mararaibo. 
 
 Glbr alter Point .^ in U. Canada, is the 
 vefttrn extremity of a fand bank, whicli 
 forms the harbour of York, and upon 
 which block houfes are eredled for its 
 defence. 'J'here is another place of this 
 name on the fide of lake Memphramagog, 
 in the town of Bolton in L. Canada. 
 
 G///, a townfhip in Hampiliirc co. Maf- 
 fachufetts, on the VV bank of ConncClicut 
 R. a little below the mouth of Militr's R. 
 on the oppolite fide. It is 90 miles from 
 Boflonj and contains 700 inhabitants. 
 
 QHlori, an ifland on tlie coaft of W. 
 Florida, is divided from Dauphin idand 
 by a narrow channel, through which a 
 boat may pafs with Ibme difficulty ; and 
 between Gillori and the mainland, on 
 the W fide of Mobile bay, there is a chain 
 of fmall iHands, and oyftcr (hells, throuph 
 which is a paHage of 4 feet called Palie 
 au Heron. 
 
 G'lmantotvn, a pofl: town in Strafford cc> 
 N. Hamprtiire, b W of lake Winnipifeo- 
 gce, and 52 miles N W of Pcrtfmouth. 
 It was incorporated in 1727, and contains 
 375Z inhabitants. One term of the court 
 of common pleas is annually htfid in this 
 town. ' 
 
 GUfon, a townflTiip In Chefl^.irc co. N. 
 HamplTiire, containing 484 inhabitants 
 It is on the E fide of Aibuelot R, and 
 joins Keene on the S. 
 
 Ginger IJlarid, one of the fmaller Virgin 
 ides, fituattd between t!ie Round Rock on 
 the N, and Cooper's illc on the S, between 
 ■^vhich is the King's channel. N lat. 18 5, 
 ■\V Ion. 62 53. 
 
 Girtys Toivny an Indian village in the 
 N. W. territory, near the head of the 
 navigable water or landing on St. Mary's 
 K. where the Indians ceded at the treaty 
 of Greenville, a tradl of % miles fquare to 
 the U. States. 
 
 Glu'Je Ro.tJ, at Bonnets's tavern, 4 miles 
 ffom Bedford, on the road from Phila- 
 delphia to Pittfburgh Forks ; the fouth- 
 ernmofl: is called tiie Glade Road ; the 
 ijorthernrnort the Old, or Forbcs's lload, 
 and goes by Ligonier. Thei'e roads unite 
 ^% miles from Piltiburgh. In the Glades, 
 a tract of country at the entrance of the 
 Alleghany mountains, they cannot raife 
 corn, as the earth is fubje(5t to froft from 
 ^cpt. to June. 
 
 ^'ady Creek, a fmall ftrcara whic^ flows 
 
 throuj^h the E bank of Little Miami R^ 
 in the N. W. territory. 
 
 Glalze, Au, a S S W branch of the Mi- 
 ami of the Lake, which interlocks with 
 St. Mary's R. By the treaty at Green- 
 ville, the Indians have c.dtd to the U. 
 Sti.its a travSl of land 6 n.iies fquare at 
 the liead i;f its navigj hie wateis, and 6 
 miles fquare at its c( nfliitnce with the 
 Miami, where Fort Defiant c now ftands. 
 G/ufgoiv, a new county in Newbern dif- 
 tritEt, N. Carolina, taken from Dohbs' co. 
 It is bounded N by Edgcomb, S by Le- 
 noir, E by Pitt, and W by Wayne. 
 
 Glcifs borough, a village of N. Jerfey, 20 
 miles S E from Philadelphia, containing 
 about 20 houfes, an Episcopal church, and, 
 a glafs manufadloiy, in which from 50 to 
 100 people are employed. 
 
 G'oJionL'7iry^ a townfiiip in Bennington 
 CO. Vermont, having only 48 inliabitant.s. 
 It has good intervale lands, and lies N £ 
 of Benningtoii, adjoining. 
 
 Gltjjionbur^, a handfome little town \\\ 
 Hartford co. Conne(5licut, fituatcd on 
 the E fide of Connecticut R. oppofite to. 
 Wcathersfield, and of which it formed a 
 part until 1690. It has 2718 uihabitants. 
 In the townflvip are 2 meeting ln)ufes ; and 
 on Roaring Brook and other hnall ftreaniii 
 are 17 mills of diflferent kinds and i forge. 
 Glengary Co. in U. Canada, is bounded 
 on the E by the line which divides Upper 
 from Lower Canada ; on the S by the 
 river St. Lawrence, and on the W by the 
 toy.'ufliip of Cornwall, running N 24"^ W, 
 until it interlecls the Ottawa or Grand 
 R. thence defcending the faid river until 
 it meets the divifional line aforefaid,, 
 Glengary county comprehends all the; 
 iOands contiguous to it in the river St. 
 Lawrence. The greater part of it fronts 
 tiie St. Lawrence. 
 
 Gloiiceji-^r Houfe, belonging to the Hud- 
 fon's bay company, is fituated in New 
 South V/ales, on the N fide of the waters, 
 which form a communication through a 
 chain cf fjinall lakes, Wetwcen Winnipeg 
 lake and Albany R. Henley Houfe lies 
 N E of this, nearer the mouth of Albany 
 R. in James' bay. N lat. 54, W Ion. 87 30. 
 Gloucefs^r, or Cape Ann, a townfliip in 
 Eflex CO. Mafiachufetts, whofe E point 
 forms the N fide of the bay of Mafiachu- 
 fetts. It contains 5313 inhabitants, and 
 is divided into 5 pariibes, and has beiide % 
 fociety of Univerfalifts. I'hi? is a poll 
 town and port of entry. The harbour is? 
 very open and aecelhble to large fliips ; 
 and is one of the jaioft confiderable fifliing 
 
 townsi 
 
G LO 
 
 GN A 
 
 towns in the commonwcrilrh. At the 
 harbor r, properly io called, are litled out 
 itnnually from 60 to 70 bankers ; and from 
 Squam and Sandy bay, two fmali out ports, 
 the bay liihery is ca^-ried on with great 
 fpirit, and to a large amount. The ex- 
 ports for one year," enduig Sept. 30, 1794, 
 amounted in value to 229,613 dollars. 
 TJiatcher's Flland, on which are two lights 
 of equal height, lies clofe to the S E fide 
 of the towafliip, which is itfeif joined to 
 the continent by a beach of fand which is 
 very rarely overflowed by the water. 
 There is a very fine white fand here, fit 
 for making glafs. I'he harbour is deiend- 
 ed by a baUery and citadel erec'led in 
 1795. It is 16 miles N E by E of Salem, 
 and 34 N E of Bofton. 
 
 Glvuccper,ih.z N weflernmon: town Palp, 
 and the largeft in Providence cp. Rhode 
 Illand, being ii^ miles fquare, having Kil- 
 Jingly and'l'hornpfou, in Connfcc'ticut, W, 
 Douglefs and Uxbridge in Mafiachufetts, 
 N, Smithficld E, and Scituat^ and Fofter, 
 Rhode ifland, S ; and contains 4009 in- 
 babitants. -^*. 
 
 Gloticejler Co. in N. Jerfey, is bounded N 
 by Burlington co. S by Salem, Cumber- 
 land, and Cape May counties, E by the 
 Atlantic ocean, and W by Delaware R. 
 Its length on the Delaware is about 30 
 milesj and on the fea the hne is about 22 
 miles. Great and little Egg harbour riv- 
 ers are both navigable for veil'els of 200 
 tons about 20 miles from their mouths. 
 See Erriir Harbour. The ftreams which fall 
 into Delaware river are navigable for 
 fmall veflels, a few miles up from their 
 mouths, and afford fome jQiad, rock, her- 
 rings, and perch. The adjacent iflands 
 are Red Bank, Pett, and Old Man's Creek 
 iflands. I'he firft of which is famous in 
 the hiflory of the American war, tor the 
 defperate defence the garrifon upon it 
 made, to prevent the Britifh fleet from 
 pafling up to Philadelphia. The foil of 
 this county is a mixture of fand and 
 ioam, and the tract bordering on the Del- 
 av/arc is in a high fiate of cultivation. 
 'Ehe chief produtSlions are beef, pork, fiili, 
 hay, corn, lumber, butter, cheele, &c. It 
 is divided into 10 townflnps, viz. Wood- 
 bury, Wate/ford, Newtown, Gloucefler 
 1 ownfliip, Gloucefler Town, Deptford, 
 Greenwich, Woolwich, Egg Harbour, and 
 Galloway. The firft 8 lie along the Dela- 
 v;are, and the other two on the ocean. 
 Alulicus river divides this county from 
 Burlington, and is navigable 20 miles far 
 ieilels of 60 tou5. Maurice river rifes 
 
 liere.riins foutherly about 4 omiles through 
 Cumberland co. into Delaware bay, is nav-. 
 igable for veflels of ico tons 15 miles, and 
 ior fh.'illops 10 miles farther. It contaijis 
 16,115 inhabitants, of whom 61 are flaves. 
 '/"here are found in this county quantities^ 
 of bog iron gre, which is manui'adlurcd 
 into p:g and bar iron, and hollow ware. 
 Here is alfo a glafs hou<"e. Chief town, 
 Woodbury, 9 miles S of Philadelphia. 
 
 Gloucffla:, a Irnall town in the abc. e 
 county, pn the E fide of Delaware river, 
 3 miles below Pliiladelphia. It was for- 
 merly the county town, but has new 
 I lie arcely the appearance of a village. 
 j Giottcif^-r^ a poft town in Virginia, in tlie 
 county of its own name, on a point of laud 
 on the N hde of Y(jrk river, partly cppo^ 
 lite York Town, 17 miles difhmt. 
 
 Gloucejler Co. in Virginia, is fertile and 
 well cultivated, bounded N by Piankitaiik 
 river, which feparates it from Middlefex, 
 E by Mathews co. and Chefapcak bay, N 
 W by King and Queen, S and S W by- 
 York river, which divides it from York 
 CO. It is about ^s miles in length, and 30 
 in breadth, and contains 3272 free inhab- 
 itants, and 4909 llavcs. The low lands 
 here produce excellent barley, and Indiaa 
 corn, the ftaple produce of the county. 
 Tobacco is little attended to. 
 
 Gloucejler Hovfe, in the territory of the 
 j Kudibn's bay company, is on the N fide 
 i of Mulquacobafton lake, 120 miles W of 
 ! Oinaburgh houfe. N lat. ji 24, W Ion. 
 j 86 59. 
 
 Gloucejler Forty Of Point aux Pins, in U. 
 ! Canada, the firft point on the N fliore cjf 
 ■ the narrows,, leading from lake Superior 
 j to the falls of St. Mary. 
 i Gloucejler Toivvjhip, in the county of 
 I Dundasjin U. Canada, is the 7th townfliip 
 ' in afcendlng the Ottawa river. It lies 
 I eaftward of, and adjoining the river Ron- 
 j deau. Sv/yih. 
 
 I Glover, a townfliip in Vermont, in Or- 
 leans CO. N E of Craftlborcugh, adjoining. 
 It has 36 inhabitants. 
 
 Glynn Co. in the lov/er diflridt of Geor- 
 gia, bounded E by the ocean, N by Alata- 
 maha river, which feparates it from I.ibi- 
 erty co. and S by Camden co. It contains 
 1374 inhabitants, including 1092 Haves. 
 Chief town, Brunfwick. 
 
 G/iaJenbuetten, or Gj:adcnhi:tten, a fettle- 
 ment of the Moravians, or United Breth- 
 ren, on Mufldngum R. oppofite to Salem, 
 in the lands which belonged to the Ma- 
 hikan Indians. In 1746 it was a plcafant 
 towp, inhabited by Chriiliitu Indians, 
 
 Y>hei-e 
 
GQ-L 
 
 COO 
 
 Where were a chapel, mrffionary's houfc, 
 and many Indian houCes. This, together 
 with Sch(jcnbrttn and Salem, were referr- 
 ed by Con<;refs, hy an ordinance, May 20, 
 1785, for the Cbriftian Indians formerly 
 fettled there ; Sept. 3, 1788, it was refolv- 
 ed tliat the plat of each town fliould make 
 lip 4000 acrps, and the grant >vas made to 
 the United Brethren for propagating the 
 gofpel among the heathen. Alio the name 
 of a Moravian fettlenient on t:ie S W bank 
 of Lcliigh river, in Pennfylvania, about 
 a^ nxiles N W of Pethlehem. 
 
 Gnailcnhuetterty Ne-Wy ^ Moravian fettle- 
 incnt on Huron river, which runs S eaft- 
 i*rly into lake St. Clair, in the county of 
 Wayne It is atout 22 miles from lake 
 St. Clair, and 28 N W of Detroit. 
 
 <7r/.-7/' IJdnd, in the flate of R Ifland, a 
 fmall iflot, oppoflte to the town of New- 
 port, and on w^hich is Fort Wafliington. 
 'I'he fort has been lately repaired, and a 
 citadel erected in it. The fort has been 
 ceded to the United States. 
 
 Goave, Le Petit, one of the W jurifdic- 
 tions of St. Domingo. It contains 5 par- 
 iflicss is the imhealthieft part of the colony, 
 the inhabitants being fubjecl to conftant 
 fevers, occal^oned by the badnefs of the 
 ■waters. Its depcndcnci,es, however, are 
 healthv, and remarkable for the culture 
 of coffee. Exports from Jan. I, 1789, to 
 Dec. 51 of the fame year, 27,090 lbs. white 
 fugar ; 655,187 lbs. brown; 807,865 lbs. 
 cofl'ce ; 50,053 lbs. cotton ; and aio lbs. 
 indigo. The town of the fame name is iit- 
 uated on the narrowefi part of the S weft- 
 cm peninfula, on the N fide of the neck. 
 
 Goeluns, Point au, a promontory on the 
 N fide of lake Ontario, about ;}2 miles S 
 W of Fort Frontinac. 
 
 Goffstoivtiy in Hilifborough co. N. Hamp- 
 ftiire, on the weliern bank of Merrimack 
 R. 3 miles from Amufkeag Falls, and 60 
 miles W of Portfmouth. It was incorpo- 
 rated in I76i,and contains 1612 inhabit- 
 ants. Some pieces of baked earthen ware 
 have been found in this townfliip, from 
 ■which it is fuppofed that the Indians had 
 learned the potter's art ; but of what an- 
 tiquity thefe rcnmants are, is uncertain. 
 
 Golden JJland, lies at the mouth of the 
 river or gulf of Darien, in the province of 
 Terra Firma, in S. America. N lat. 9, W 
 Ion. 77' 10. 
 
 Gold River, fituated in Terra Flrma, on 
 the ifthmus of Darien, fouthward of the 
 river Santa Maria ; atfording much gold 
 4uft, from wlience it lias its name. 
 
 Goldjhrovgh^ a poA town in Hancock co. 
 
 Maine, containing 379 inhabltanis. M- 
 was incorporated in 1789, is the S eaflen>- 
 moft town in the co. On the waters of 
 its harbour is the town of Wafliington. 
 It is 47 miles eafterjy of Penobfcot, I68 S 
 E of Portland, and 330 N E of Bofton. N 
 lat. 44 19- 
 
 Gcidfcns, Brunfwick co. Virginia. Here 
 is a poifofiice, 207 mJles from Waihington. 
 
 Golphingion, the chief town of Wafliing- 
 ton CO. Georgia, is fituated near the head 
 of Ogcechee R. about 26 miles E S E of 
 Occonee town, 37 S W of Augufta, and 
 50 N W of Louifville. 
 
 Gonave, an illand in the bay of Leogane, 
 in the weftern part of the idand of St- Do- 
 mingo. It is 14^ leagues long, and uni- 
 formly about 3 broad, cjtcept a very 
 fmall part at each extremity. Petite Go- 
 nave, an ifle about 2 miles each way, is 
 feparated from the S E corner of the for- 
 mer, by a channel 3 miles wide. Gonave 
 is 13^ leagues W by N W of Port au 
 Prince ; and its W point is 2,7)\ leagues E 
 by N of Cape Dame Marie. 
 
 Gonai'ves, a feaport in the fame ifland, 
 at the head of a bay of its own name, on 
 the north fide of a bay of I-ieogane. The 
 town is fituated on the great road from 
 Port de Paix to St, Mark, 16 leagues S E 
 of the former,and 15 N by E of the latter, 
 N lat. 19 27, W Ion. from Paris 752 30. 
 
 Goochland, ^co. in Virginia,furrounded by 
 Liouifa, Fluvanna, Henrico, Hanover, an4 
 Powhatan counties. It is about 40 miles 
 long and 14 broad, and contains 4893 free 
 inhabitants, and 4803 flaves. At the court 
 houfe is a poft office, 142 miles fron^ 
 Wafhington. 
 
 Good Hope, a Danlfli colony in W. 
 Greenlajid, in N lat. 64. 
 
 Goofe Creek, a river which falls into the 
 Potowjnac, about a mile S E of Thorpe, in 
 Fairfax co. Virginia. 
 
 Goofeberry Mountain, in N. York, lies on 
 the W bank of Hudfon's R. about 4 miles 
 S of Fort George. 
 
 Goofeberry JJlands and Rods, on the coaf^ 
 of Ellex CO. Maffachufetts, have been the 
 occafion of the lofs of many valuable vef- 
 fels. To prevent fuch accidents in future, 
 feamen may attend to the following par- 
 ticular information, which is here infert- 
 ed for their benefit. The N part of 
 Goofeberry great rock v/ith the N of Cat I. 
 bears S 54 W from the beacon on Baker's 
 I. The weftern Goofeberry S 41 W, the 
 diftance nearly three fourths of fa mile. 
 'Fhe northern part of the weftern Goofe- 
 berry is viewed from the beacon over the. 
 
 X^oint; 
 
COS 
 
 G^A 
 
 ■point of land running out from it. The 
 eaftern Goofeberry bears S 16 W, and it is 
 llioal as far as the weftern breaker. The 
 eaftern breaker lies S 35 E, and tlie weft- 
 cm breaker S 29 E. The eaftern breaker 
 Is about the fame diftance from the beacon, 
 as the weftern Goofeberry, hut eaftern 
 "Goofeberry falls within that diftance. Sn- 
 t|in appears S 3 2 W, and h-d f way rock 
 S 3 Wj'at the diftance of z| miles. Thein- 
 ner part of Cat I. is above a miles from'the 
 beacon, and v/ith the beacon, to the fouth- 
 ward the Goofeberry rock bears only i z 
 minutes. The weftern dry breaker ex- 
 tends from 28 to 32; and the eaftern from 
 31 to 32. Halfway rock with the bea- 
 con from Cat I. is 65 to the fouthward. 
 
 Gore TJla7ii, difcovered by Cant. Cook, in 
 his laft voyage. N lat. 64, W Ion. 169. 
 
 Gor^ontua^ a remarkably high rock, on 
 the N lliore of lake Superior, in U. Cana 
 da, lying at a fmall diftance, and fouthcr- 
 ly of the point which forms Michipicoteh 
 bay, to the fouthward and eaftward, the 
 rock is hollow, v/ith an opening into it. 
 
 Smyth. 
 Gorta St. Maria la, a fmfdl id and in the 
 Pacific Ocean, K lat. 26 35, W Ion. 135. 
 
 Gorg-<7«a, a fmall ill and about 12 miles 
 W of the coaft of Peru, S lat. 3 xo. 
 
 Gorham, a poft town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, on the N E lide of Saco river, 1^ 
 miles from Pepperelborough at the mouth 
 of the river, and 130 miles N by E of Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1764, and 
 has 2503 inhabitants. 
 
 Gofchgojcluenci^ a town of thcDelawarcs, 
 eonlifting of 3 villages lituated on the 
 banks of the Ohio. Its name fignifies 
 fhe habitation of oivls^ from the number of 
 thefe birds that refort here. 
 
 Gosfteld T'oiunjhip, in Effex co. U. Canada, 
 is (ituated upon lake Erie, and lies W of 
 Morfea. 
 
 Gojben, a townfhip in Hampshire co. 
 Maffachufetts, between Cummington and 
 Conway, 14 miles north of Northampton, 
 and 1 1 2 W by N of Bofton. It was incor- 
 porated in 1 7 81, and contains 7 24 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Gnjhcn^ a towhfliip in Vermont, lying 
 part in Addiibn co. and part in Caledonia 
 CO. adjoining to SaHft)ury on the W, and aI 
 miles N E by E of Mount Independence. 
 Gujben, a townfliip in Chefter co. Pcnn- 
 fylvania, has 966 inhabitawts. 
 
 Gn/b."n, atov/n in Litchfield co. Con- 
 nc(Slicut, famous for the production of ex- 
 cellent cheefe. It is 7 miles N W of 
 Xitchfield, and has 149^ :ah:ibiM9)t«. 
 
 G'JLeny the moft confiderable town \tt 
 Orange co. N. York, about 58 miles N of 
 N. York city, 20 W by S of New Winafor, 
 and 30 W by S of FilL Kill. This town 
 is pleafantly lituated, containing about 60 
 or 70 compa<5b houfes, an academy, court 
 houfe, gaol, and Prefoyterian church; 
 The townfliip contains 2563 inhabitants, 
 Heie is a poft office. 
 
 Gojhen, in Loudon co, Virginia, vher^ is 
 a poft office, 37 miles from \Vaihing;or/. 
 
 Grf'un, a town in Kennebeck co. Main, 
 has 270 inhabitants. 
 
 Gnjb^rjh'nihy a Moravian fettlement ia 
 Pennfylvania, fituated on Alleghany river, 
 about 15 miles^ above Ve.iango, or Fort 
 Franklin. 
 
 Gofport., formerly called Apphdcre, a 
 fiftiingtown on Star inand,cne» of the iiies 
 of Shoals, belonging to Rockingham co. 
 N. Harnpliiire, containing 85 mhabicants. 
 It lias about 12 miles E S E of Pifcataqua 
 harbour. 'See Shods. 
 
 Gotham, a fmall village in Maryland^ 
 about 4 or 5 miles north of Bnltimoi-e city, 
 
 Govandnre, a bay on the coaft of Chili* 
 
 Gctv^'ns Store, in Greenville co. N. C:i.r- 
 olina, wliere is a poft office 536 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Go-ujc-r TciunJtipjWes on the W. fide of 
 the river Radeau in U. 'Canada, and is th* 
 fecond townXhip in aic^nding that river. 
 
 Smyths 
 
 Gracias a Dois, a town belonging'to the 
 province of Honduras, or Comaiagiia, and 
 audience of Guatimala. It is lituated at 
 the mouth of a river upon a rocky moun- 
 tain, which has fome gold mines in il* 
 neighbourhood. It was built the fr.me 
 year as was Vallidolid, the capital, (from 
 wliich it lies about 27 leagues to the W) 
 for the fecurity of the miners. A!fo a 
 cape on this coaft difcovered by Colum- 
 bus, Nlat. 14 36, W Ion. 04 12. 
 
 Grafton, a town in V/indham co. Ver- 
 mont, chartered by the name of To?rJi:fcr:, 
 the alteration of the name made in i 791 
 It contains 1149 inhabitants, and lies W 
 of Rockingham, adjoining. 
 
 Grafton Co. m N. Hampfhire, is bound- 
 ed N by Canada ; S by the counties of 
 Strafford, nillfborough and Chefliire ; W 
 by the ftate of Vermont, and E by the dii- 
 trict of Maine. It comprehends nearly 
 ai much territory as all the other four 
 counties, but is by no means io thickly 
 fettled. It is divided into co tov/nlhips, 
 and 17 locations, and contains 23,093 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Grafiin, a poft t©wa in- the co. of its 
 
 Rime 
 
Git A 
 
 C R A 
 
 llfAKe in N. HampOilre, 13 iirllcs S E of 
 Dartmouth college, and 19 S W of Ply- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in l^yS, and 
 contains 682 inhabitants. Lap-s fpecni.irls, 
 coramonly called iling glafs, of the bed 
 quality, is found in this town, in a moun- 
 tain about 20 miles eaftward of Dartmouth 
 college. It is found adhering to the rocks 
 of white or yellow quartz, and lying in 
 iarain;ii, like flieets of paper. It is found 
 in other places in the iLite in i'raaller 
 pieces. 
 
 Grafton, the HjJ[jnam:fco of the Indians, 
 2 tovvniliip in Woroefler co. Maifachi:- 
 fctts, cont'iinlng f)?^ inhabitants ; 40 
 BiUes S W of Boftou, 8 f^aaerly of Worcef- 
 ter, and 34 N W of ProvMence. 
 
 Gralng!'*-, Fort, ftands on the N fide of 
 the mouth of Holfton river, in 'I'cneilce, 
 a i miles below Kuoxville. 
 
 Grai':ger, a CO. in the diftrlc^ of Ilamil- 
 t<m, TenefTee, formed of parts of the coun- 
 ties of Knox, jefFerfon and Hawkins. It 
 is bound(d N by Virginia and Kentucky. 
 Ita principal waters aie Iloiffcan, Glints, 
 and Powells rivers. Clilef town Rutledg^?. 
 It has fe\'eral Iiuge mouniains, between 
 %vhich the valleys are very fertile. It 
 contains 7367 inhabitants, of whom 496 
 are flakes. 
 
 Graifo VAnce la^ a feltlemcnt in Leu- 
 ifiana. 
 
 Granada, or Grenada, the mofl: fov.therly 
 ©f the Caribbee Illands in the W Indies, 
 fituated betv/ecn 11 58 and 12 zo N lat. 
 and between 61 20 and 61 '^■,$ W Ion. 
 about 20 leagues N W of Tobago, and 20 
 IT of New Andalufia, on the continent of 
 America; 30 leag'ies S W of Barbadoes, 
 and 70 from Martinico. Its extreme 
 length is about 28 miles, and its breadth 
 13 miles. It contains about 80,000 acres 
 of land; of which (although no lefs than 
 72,141 acres paid tayes in 1776, yet) the 
 quantity under cultivation never exceed- 
 ed 50,000 acres. The face of the coun- 
 try is mountainous, but not inacceirible in 
 any part ; and it abounds with fprings 
 and rivulets. The exports of the ifland 
 audits dependencies in 1776, were valued 
 at the \x>rts of fliippi ng, to be worth 
 600,000/. fterling. The fugar was the 
 produce of 106 plantations ; and they 
 were worked by '8,793 negroe"^ ; whicli 
 was more than a hogfliead of Mufcovado 
 fugar of i6cwt. from the labour of each 
 11: gro, old ai>d young, employed in its cul- 
 tivation and manufacture ; a return une- 
 qualled by any oth.er Brittfli iiland in the 
 W. Iivlicfr, St» Chiirijphcr'jj excc-pie-J 
 
 The exports of 1787 were inferior : \rf 
 the prices in London, the value of the 
 cargoes was, however, ;^. 614,908 9 3 an4 
 conliiled of the follov/ing articles fliipped 
 olT in 188 vellels, viz. i75,54Scwt. 9lbs< 
 higar ; 670,390 galls, of rum ; 4300 galls, 
 molaii'es : 88i2cwt. 2qrs. 4lbs. coffee ; 
 2 7i6cvsrt. 3qrs. i81bs. cocoa ; 2,062,427 
 lbs. cotton ; 28ioll)s. indigo ; befide liides, 
 dying woods, &c. The expoits to the 
 American States, included in the above 
 lum, amounted to ^ 24,597 4/ This ill- 
 .uid is divided into fix parities, St. 
 George, St. David. St. Andrew, St. Pn trick, 
 St. Mark, and St. John ; and its chief de- 
 pendency, Cariacou ifiand . fornife a 7th 
 paridi. Befide St. George's, the capital, 
 the other towns are inconfiderable vil- 
 lages, generally fuuated at the bays or 
 {liij)ping places in the feveral parillies. 
 Beiide the capital, Grenvilie, or La Bay, is 
 .1 j)ort of entry, with diltinci revenue of- 
 ficers, independent of St. George's. The 
 white population has decreafed confider- 
 ab)y fmce Granada and the Granadines 
 v.xre in poireiTton of the Bntilli. In 1771 
 ihcre were above 1600 ; in 1777 only 
 1300, and now there are not above looo': 
 of vVlsich number, two thirds are 'in- 
 corporated into five regiments of militiai 
 ncludiiig a company of free blacks or 
 mulattoes,, attached to each. There are 
 likewife about 500 regular troops on the 
 Britilli ellablifliment. I'he free people 
 of c(j1out amount to 11 15. In 1785 there 
 were 23,926 negro flaves. The above 
 was the .{t;ite of the idarid prior to the 
 late iufurredlion. A chain of mountains ^ 
 crofres the iflaiid from N to S; The air \^ 
 good ; and the Ibil fruitful in all produc- 
 tions common to the climate. Several of 
 the rivers have their fource in a lake of a 
 circular form, called Grand Jitang, in the- 
 higheft ground in the ifland. The high 
 road which runs nearly the whole length 
 of the iiland is very near it ; and on thr^ 
 (^ppofite lideof the road, in this elevated 
 fpotjis a genteel tavern, for the accommo- 
 dat'cn of travellers. Plere the air is al- 
 ways cooled by reficlliing breezes ; and 
 the profpecT: is delightful and extenfive. 
 On the fea coaft, .-.bou*. half way frmi St. 
 George's to Goave, fome of the high rocks 
 are formed into bafiltic columns from 20 
 to 30 feet high, and appear like regular 
 mafon work, impaired by time. Granada 
 was diicovered by Columbus in his third 
 voyage in 149!! The Caribbecs wera 
 a numerous and warlike people, who hap- 
 pily remained in peaceful obfcurity until 
 
 the 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 the year 1650 ; foon after which the 
 Trench, by aferies of enormities, extermin- 
 ated that devoted people. Granada 
 •Vvas ceded to Great Britain in 1763, was 
 taken by the French during the Amer- 
 ican war, and at the peace of 1783 was 
 reftored to Great Britain. 
 
 Granada, a town of Nicaragua and au- 
 dience of Guatimrda, in S. America. It is 
 ieated 70 miles from the fea, on a lake of 
 the fame name, by means of which the 
 inhabitants carry on a groat trade. John 
 X)avid, a Dutchman, pillaged this town 
 in the laft century with 90 men, when 
 oppofed bv at leail: 800 inhabitants. N 
 lat. II 28, W Ion. 87. 
 
 Granada^ Nctv, a province of Terra Fir- 
 ma, S. America. It contains mines of 
 gold, copper, and iron. Santa Fe de Ba- 
 gota is the capital. 
 
 Granadillocs, or Gr^;.W/,7/?j-, a knot of dan- 
 gerous iflands, and rocks near the lee- 
 ward iflands, where the greatcfl channel 
 is but 3 or 4 leagues broad. They lie 
 About the 1 8th degree of latitude, and are 
 a range of fmall iilands and rocks depen- 
 dent on Granada. This archipelago, 
 whofe length is about 14 leagues, contains 
 23 iflands fit to produce cotton, coffee, in-- 
 digo, and even fugar. The ^ir is healthy, 
 but there are no running fprings of 
 frefli water. The moft conliderable at 
 the N end of the chain is not above two 
 leagues from St. Vincent, and is called Be- 
 couya, or Bequia ; but the French called 
 it Little Martinico. Befide this, there 
 iire the iflands of Mofkitos and Cannaou- 
 a'n ; Frigate and Union iflands are be- 
 tween Becouya and Cariacou. The Gri- 
 fon, and the Diamond on Rhonde Iflands, 
 are the two principal ones among thofe 
 which fill up the interval between Caria- 
 cou and Granada. 
 
 Granby, a toWnfliip in Effex co. Ver- 
 mont, has 69 inhabitants. 
 
 Granhyj a townthip in Hampfhire co. 
 MafTachufetts, E of S. Hadley, about 94 
 Iniles weflerly of Bofton ; v^-as incorporat- 
 ed in 1768, and contains 786 inhabitants. 
 Granby, a townfliip in Hartford co. 
 Connecticut, on the line which feparates 
 ConnetSticut from Maffachufetts. It was 
 formerly a part of Symfoury, and is 18 
 miles N of Hartford, and has CI735 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Granby, a fmall town on the Congarce, 
 in S. Carolina, about % miles below the 
 junction of Broad and Saluda rirers, at 
 the head of navigation. It is a place 
 of confulerable commerce. Here a curi- 
 Vo/.. I. A a 
 
 , ous bridge has been built, whofe arche* 
 j are lupported by wooden pillars, flrongly 
 fecurediniron work,fi:ced in thelblid rock. 
 I Its height is 40 feet above the level of tha 
 water. The centre arch is upwards of 
 100 feet in the clear, to give a paitage to 
 large trees which are always brought 
 dowa by the floods. The ingenious ar- 
 chiteA has the toll fecured to liim by the 
 iegiflature for 100 years. 
 
 Grande, a river in Peru, near CaVanta ; 
 remirkable for its fands enriched with 
 gold duft. 
 
 Grand Bay, on the S W coafl of New- 
 foundland ifland, 19 leagues N E of N. 
 Cape, in the ifland of Cape Breton. 
 
 Grande Ri'viere, a fettlement in a hilly 
 tracT: of the ifland of St. Domingo, 6| 
 leagues S W of Fort Dauphin, and /^\ 
 leagues N by E of St. Raphael, in the 
 Spanifli part of the ifland, N lat. 19 34, W 
 Ion. from Paris 74 30. Alfo the name of 
 a fmall river, in the fame ifland, which 
 rifes at Limonade, and empties into the 
 fea at Qr. Morin, 5 leagues E of Cape 
 Francois. 
 
 Grande Ritjiere, on the northern fide o£ 
 Chaleur Bay, is about 6 leagues W N W 
 of Cape Defpair. Here is a cod fiflierv. 
 
 Grande Seaux, an Indian nation, who in- 
 habit S of the Miilburi, and can furnifh 
 800 warriors. 
 
 Grand Fathers, feveral large detached 
 mountains in the S E corner of Teneffee, 
 in which are the head waters of French 
 Broad, and Cataba rivers 
 
 Grand TJle, a new CO. in Vermont, in the 
 N W corner of the ftate, incorporated 
 Nov. 1 80a, embracing the towns of North 
 Middle and South Hero, Vineyard (late 
 Ifle Motte) and Alburgh. 
 
 Grand Ijles, are two large iflands in 
 Lake Champlain ; each about 8 or 10 
 miles long ; each forms a townfhip be- 
 longing to Vermont. Sec South Hero and 
 North Here. 
 
 Grand Ijland, at the mouth of Lake On- 
 tario, is within the Britifli territories, hav- 
 ing Roebuck and Foreft iflands on the S 
 "W, and the Thoufand Ifles on the N E. 
 It is zo miles in length, and its greatefl: 
 breadth is 4 miles. 
 
 Grand IJIand, in Lake Superior, lies on 
 the N fide of the lake. 
 
 Grand JJlar.d, in Niagara river, is about 
 6 miles long and 3 broad. The S end is 4 
 miles N of Fort Erie ; and its northern 
 extremity, 3 miles S of Fort Sluflier, and 
 nearly 14 S of Niagara fort. 
 
 Grand Lake, in the province of N.Brunf- 
 
 vrick. 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 wlclc, near the rivet St. John's, is fald to 
 be 50 miles in length, 8 or 10 in breadth, 
 and in fome places 40 fathoms deep. 
 
 Gratid Manan JJland, lies 6 miles S by S 
 E of Campo Bello I fland, in the Atlantic 
 Ocean, cppofite to PalTamaqiicddy Bay, 
 on the eaftern border of the United States. 
 
 Grand Marjh, in the weftern diftri(5t, lies 
 in the rear of the pariflies of rAlTomption 
 and Petite Cote on tlie Detroit, in U. Gaiv 
 ada, and communicates with Lake St. 
 Clair, oppolite to Peach liland, and with 
 the flrait oppoiite to Fighting Ifland. 
 
 Grand, OX Oufc R. runs from the N W 
 into I«ike Erie, %o miles below the Forks, 
 80 miles S W of Prefque Ille. The mouth 
 of tliis river is a good harbour for vefl'els 
 of 60 tons. The remains of the Mohawk 
 Indians, with Capt. Jofeph JSrandt at 
 their head, Hve on this river. See ilibw- 
 haivk Village 
 
 Grand, or Otfaiva R. in U. Canada, is 
 that channel which conveys the waters of 
 lake Tomifcanning till they make a junc- 
 tion with thofc of the St. Lawrence a little 
 above Montreal. This river is the north- 
 ern boundary of U. Canada, and the route 
 wliich is 1 aken by the L. Canada traders 
 to the N W ; the birch canoes which go 
 to the N W country, pafs up this river 
 with their merchandife, and defcend with 
 peltries. There are many rapids on this 
 communication. St?iyih, 
 
 Grange, Cape La, or Cape Monte Chr'ijl, 
 on the N iide of the ifiand of St. Domingo. 
 It is a higli hill, in the form of a tent, and 
 may be feen by the naked eye at Cape 
 Francois, from which it is 14 leagues E 
 by N. A ftrlp of land joins it to the ter- 
 ritory of Monte Chrifl ; fo that at a dif- 
 tance it feems to be an illand. The i 
 cruifers from Jamaica often lie ofF here. 
 This cap^' lies in lat 19 54 30 N, and Ion. 
 74 9 o W from Paris ; and with Point 
 de Dunes form:; the mouth of the bay of 
 Monte Chrift ; which fee. 
 
 Grange R. in U. Canada, empties itfelf 
 Into a bay of that name on the N fliore of 
 lake Superior, W' of the Cris. This river 
 leads to Nipigcn, a place which was for- 
 merly remurkable for furniihing the beft 
 beaver and martin, and was the farthefl 
 advanced pofl of the French traders^ at 
 thetime that Great Britain conquered Can- 
 ada. Smyth. 
 ^ Grantham Totvnjh'-p, in th.e CO. of Lin- 
 coln. U. Canada, lies W of Newark, and 
 fronting lake Ontario. 
 
 Granville, a fine townfhip in Annapolis 
 «o. Nova Scotia. It lie* on the N iide of 
 
 Annapolis river, on the Bay of Fundyt 
 and is 30 miles in length ; firft fettled 
 from N. England. 
 
 Granville, a townfliip In Hampfliire co. 
 MaiTachufetts, about 14 miles W of 
 Springfield . It vsras incorporated in 1 754, 
 and contains 2309 inhabitants. 
 
 Granville, a poll town in WafliingtOM 
 CO. N. York, containing 3175 inhabitants. 
 
 Granville Co. in HlUlborough diftritSt in 
 N. Carolina, has the flate of Virginia N, 
 and contains 14,015 inhabitants, of whom 
 6106 are flaves. Chief town, William.f- 
 burg. 
 
 Granville, or Greenville, a flonrifiiing 
 town in Kentucky, Mecklenburgh co. 
 
 Grafs R. in the N W part of N. York 
 flate, rifes near the main branch of Black 
 R. and runs N N W about 50 miles, tlien 
 N E 40 miles, and is loft in the St. Law- 
 rence. It is a rapid river, allbrds many 
 mill feats, and near the mouth, its banks 
 produce great quantities of hay. 
 
 Grafs, a river in New South Wales. 
 
 Grave Creek, on tlie Ohio, 12 mile* 
 down the river from Wheeling. Here i» 
 a mound of earth, ph.inly the work of art, 
 cklled an Indian grave. It is of a conical 
 form, in height about 80 feet. It afcends 
 in an angle of about oo"^. The diameter 
 at the top is about 60 feet ; the margin 
 enclofing a regular concave, funk about 
 4 feet in the centre. Near the top ftand* 
 an oak, about 3 feet in diameter. It i» 
 faid the Indians have no tradition what 
 nation ever buried their dead in this 
 manner. On examination, thefe mound* 
 have been found to contain a chalky fub- 
 ftance, fuppofed to be bones of the human 
 kind. 
 
 Gravcfend, Port of, is fituated on the S 
 W fide of the ifland of Jamaica, in a large 
 bay. It has two channels ; the Lee- 
 ward and the Main Channel, and afiord* 
 good anchorage for large vefiels. 
 
 Gravcfend, a fmall village in King'5 co. 
 L. liland, N. York, 7 miles N by E of the 
 city. The townfliip of its name contain* 
 489 inhabitants. 
 
 Gravois, Riviere au, in the MilTafaga 
 land, on the N fide of lake Ontario, U. 
 Canada, runs into that lake between Bur- 
 lington Bay and River au Credai. Smyth. 
 
 Gray, a poft town in Maine, Cumber- 
 land CO. 15 miles N by W of Portland. 
 The townfliip was incorporated in 1778, 
 and contains 987 inhabitants. 
 
 Grayfon, a county of Virginia on the 
 upper waters of the Great Kanhawa. It 
 contains ^74^ free inhabitants, and 170 
 
 ftavci. 
 
GRE 
 
 Haves. Its form is triangular ; the Icngefl 
 line is about 50 miles, its widcfi: place 15 
 miles. It is very mountainous, not more 
 than a fifth part being arable. Tlie moun- 
 tains are loaded with timber, and abound 
 in iron ore. Two fet of Iron works are 
 erected. The court houle is in lat. 36 
 35 N, 250 miles S W of Richmond. At 
 the court houfe is a pofl office, 386 miles, 
 from Waflaington. 
 
 Great Bank of Neivfoundland. This noted 
 fifhing bank extends from N to S, and is 
 almoll of a triangular fliape. Between 
 it and the illand on the W is a broad 
 channel of deep water. It lies between 
 41 and 50 24 N lat. and between 49 45 
 and 54 45 W Ion. 
 
 Great Bdar Lake, a water which runs 
 weftward, and falls into M'Kenzie's 
 river, in the N W part of N. An\erica ; not 
 far from the arcSlic circle. Its mouth is 
 ajo yards wide. 
 
 Great All/initor D'lftnal. See D'ifTnah 
 
 Great Barrington, a poft town in MalTa- 
 chufetto, Berkiliire co. S of Stockbridge, 
 150 miles W of Bofton, and a6 E by S of 
 liudfon city, N. York. Inhabitants 1 754. 
 
 Great Cape, in U. Canada, on the N 
 fide, v^here lake Superior defcends into 
 the narrows of the fall St. Mary. 
 
 Great Fufnine, a river in N. York, which 
 rifes in the mountains near the fource of 
 Oneida river, and runs N W by W to L. 
 Ontario. Its mouth is 10 miles S wefter- 
 ly from the mouth of Black river. 
 
 Great E^ Harbour, &,c. See Evg Har- 
 iour. 
 
 Great IJland, ixi Pifcataqua harbour, N. 
 Hamplliire. 
 
 Great Kanhaivay, a river of Virginia, 
 which rifes in the Alleghany niomitains 
 of N. Carolina, and in a N W diredtion 
 pafles into Virginia, thence winding to 
 the N, it receives Green Briar, then turn- 
 ing N N W, it receives Elk river, and 
 enters the Ohio 285 miles below Pittl- 
 burg, in 39 5 N lat. being 500 yards wide 
 at its mouth. The current Is gentle for 
 about 10 or iz miles, when it becomes 
 conliderably rapid for upwards of 60 
 miles farther, where you meet with the 
 firft falls, wlien It becomes impoUlbie to 
 navigate it from tlie great number of 
 its cataratSls. 
 
 Great. Mecaihia, an ifland on the Lab- 
 rador coafl: Its fouthern extremity lies 
 iii 50 43 N. lat. 
 
 Great Pelican IJJanii. See Pelican, 
 
 Great Sodas. See iSodus. 
 
 Great Swa/fip, between Northampton 
 
 GHE 
 
 and Lucern counties, in Pennfylvania, 
 This fv/amp, on examination and furvey, 
 is found to be good fai-m land ; thickly 
 covered with beach and fugar maple. 
 
 Great Ridge, one oi the ridges of the Al- 
 leghany Mountains, which feparates the 
 waters of the Savannah and Alatamaha. 
 At the S E promontory of the Great 
 Ridge is that extraordinary place called 
 Buffaloe Lick, diftant about 80 miles from 
 Augulla. It occupies feveral acres of 
 ground. A large cane fwamp and mead- 
 ows, forming an immenfe plain, lies S E 
 from it; in tliis fv*'amp Mr. Bartram 
 thinks the branches of the Great Ogeeche 
 take their I'ife. The Lick Is nearly level, 
 and Hes between the head of the cane 
 fwamp, and the afcent of the Ridge. The 
 earth, from the iuperfices to an unknov/n 
 depth, is an aimolt white or cinerous 
 coloured, tenacious, fattlfli clay, which all 
 kinds of cattle lick Into great caves, pur- 
 iulng the delicious vein. Mr. Bartram 
 could not difcover any thing fahne In its 
 talte, but an inlipid iweetnefs. Horned 
 cattle, horfes,and deer, are Immoderately 
 fond of it ; inlbmuchthat their eicrement, 
 which aimolt totally covers the earth to 
 fume diftance i-ound this place, appears to 
 be perfect clay ; which wliea dried by 
 tlie fun and air, is aimolt as hard as 
 brick. 
 
 Great S/^rifigs, is an amazing fountain of 
 tranfparent, cool water, htuated near the 
 road, about midway between Auguila and 
 Savannah. It breaks fuddenly out of the 
 earth at the bails of amoderateiy elevat- 
 ed hill or bank, forming at once a bafoa- 
 near 20 yards over, alcending through a. 
 horizontal bed of foft rocks, chicily a 
 teftaceous concretion of broken, entire, 
 and pulverized fea ihells, land '^sc. conlli- 
 tut.ng a coarfe kind of Kmcltone. liie 
 ebullition is copious, ad;ive,aud continual, 
 over the ragged apertures In che rocks,, 
 which lie 7 or 8 feet below, Iwcliing the 
 furface, conliderably, immedialely aboVe^ 
 it ; the waters defeend fwittiy tro*ii the 
 fountain, farming at once a large broodv, 6 
 or 8 yardo over, and 5 or 6 feet deep. 
 There are multitudes of liili in the foun- 
 tain of various tribes ; chiefiv the feveral 
 fpecies of bream, trout, cat filli, and garr, 
 which are beheld continually alcending 
 and defcending through the rocky appcr- 
 tures. Bartram, from whofe travels the 
 above is taken, obferves, that he croiTed 
 no ftream or brook of water within 12 or 
 15 miles of this fountain, but liad in view 
 vaft iavannahs, fvfampa,and caneincadows, 
 
 whish. 
 
GRE 
 
 G RE 
 
 vt'hlch he conjeAures are the refen^olrs 
 which feed this dehghlful grotto. 
 
 Gnat IVorisy a ftream about lo miles 
 long, which runs into Penobfcot on its E 
 fide, in tovvnfliip No. 4, about 10 miles 
 above the head of the tide, and z below 
 the Great Falls, oppohte Marfli's Ifland. 
 There are large tradts of valuable meadow 
 and intervale, and good mill feats on this 
 ftream. See Oiler Stream, a branch of 
 Great Works. 
 
 Grea:^, a county in Wafhington diftridl, 
 llaie of TejiefTee. In tliis county are 
 Smoaky and Bays mountains. Near the 
 banks of French Broad are the Warm 
 Springs, efficacious in fcorbutic and rheu- 
 matic complaints. It has 7610 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Green, a county of Kentucky, 39 miles 
 fquare, bounded N E by Lincoln. It is 
 well watered by Green R. and its branch- 
 es. Inhabitants 6025, of vyhom 816 are 
 ilaves 
 
 Green, a towniliip in Franklin co. Penn- 
 fylvania. Alfo, a townfhip in Wafhington 
 CO. in the fame ftate. 
 
 Green, a pod: town in Kennebeck co.. 
 Maine, fituated the E fide of Androfooggia 
 river, 31 miles W by S of Plttfton, 39 N 
 of Portland, and 164 N by E of Bofion, 
 containing 933 inhabitants. 
 
 Green, Si co.of N.York, taken fromUlfler 
 and Albany counties. It lies on the W 
 lide of the Hudfon, extending 50 miles 
 W from the river. Inhabitants 15,870. 
 Chief town, Kaatikill. 
 
 Green, a co.of Pennfylvania, bounded N 
 by Waihington, S and W by Virginia, E 
 by Moncngahela river, 23 niiles long, 
 1 8 broad. Some of its ftreams fall into 
 the Ohio, others into the Monongahela. 
 Inhabitants 8605. 
 
 Green, a navigable river of Kentucky, 
 which rifes in fiercer co. has a gentle 
 current, and is navigable nearly 150 miles. 
 Its courfe is generally W, and at its conflu- 
 ence with the Ohio is upwards of aoo 
 yards wide. Between the mouth of Green 
 river and Salt river, a diftance of nearly 
 200 mJles, the land upon the banks of the 
 Ohio are generally fertile and rich : but, 
 leaving its banks, you fall into the plain 
 country, which is confidered as little bet- 
 ter than barren land. On this river are 
 a number of Salt fprings or licks. 'I'here 
 are 3 fprings or ponds of bitumen r^car 
 this river, which do not form a ftream, 
 but empty themfeives into a common re- 
 fervoir, and when ufcd in lamps, anfwers 
 all the purpofes of the beft oil. Vafl 
 
 quantities of nitre are found in the cave*, 
 on its banks ; and many of the fettlers^ 
 raanufadlure their own gunpowder. 
 
 Green, R county of N. Carolina, Ncw- 
 bern diftridt, containing 4x18 inhabitants, 
 of whom 1496 are flaves. 
 
 Green, a county in the ftate of Ohio. 
 
 Green Bay, or Ptian Bay, a S wcftern 
 branch of Lake Michigan. See Michigan^ 
 Pv.an, and Winnebago. 
 
 Green, a fmall river which rifes in the 
 town of Marlborough, in Vermont, and 
 falls into Connedticut R. above Deerfield, 
 in Maffachufetts. 
 
 Green Briar, a large and fertile county 
 of Virginia,furroundcd by Bath, Randoph, 
 Harrifon, Kanhaway, Botetourt, and 
 Montgomery counties. It is about 100 
 miles long and 45 broad. It contains 
 3894 free inhabitants, and 271 flaves. 
 There is a large cave on Rich creek in 
 this county, the earth at the bottom of 
 which is ftrongly impregnated with ful- 
 phur. Many lucli are to be found on 
 Green Briar R. The chief town is Lew- 
 ilburg. At Green Briar court hcufe is a 
 port office, 30 miles W by . S of Swce^ 
 Springs, and 103 W of Staunton. 
 
 Grei:n Briar R. runs a S W courfe, and 
 falls into the eaftern fide of the (ireat 
 Kanhaway, at the place where that river 
 breaks through the Laurel Ridge, and op- 
 poiite to the mouth of New R. in N lat. 
 
 Greenbtirgh, a townfliip in W. Chefter 
 CO. N.York, containing 15 81 inhabitants. 
 
 Greenhujb, a townflxip in Renfl'alaer co. 
 N.York. It has 3472 inhabitants. 
 
 Green, a poft tov/n in Franklin co. Penn- 
 fylvania, fituated near the Conegocheague 
 creek. Here are about 80 houfes, 1 Ger- 
 man churches, and a Preflivtcrian church. 
 It is II miles S by W of Chamberfl^urg, 
 and 156 W by S of Philadelphia, and has 
 884 inhabitants. 
 
 Green, a county in Kentucky, extending 
 from Oliio ?^^ . on the N, to Tenef^'ee ftate 
 on the S, and bordering W on the Mifli- 
 fippi R. and E upon Hardin and Jeftcrfon 
 counties. 
 
 Greene, a county in Wafhington diftridt 
 in Teuefiee, having 7610 inhabitants, of 
 whom 471 are flaves. Greeneville Col- 
 lege has been eftabliflied'by law in this 
 county. It is fituated between two fmall 
 northern brands es of Nolachucky R. 
 about zh n^i'es S by W of Greeneville, the 
 county town, 25 N W by W of Jonet- 
 borough, and 75 E of Knoxville. Tq 
 the honor of the people of Teneffee, their 
 
ORE 
 
 GRE 
 
 parliefl legiflative attention was direcited 
 to the education of youth and the inter- 
 cft of fcience. This feiainary was char- 
 tered in the year 1794, l>y the firfl: act of 
 the firfl aflenibly of the South Weftern 
 Territory When the ftate government 
 came into operation, it adopted and fanc- 
 tioned all the unrepealed adls of the Ter- 
 ritory as its own laws In the number of 
 thefe was comprehended the charter of 
 Greeneville College. Ey this, fourteen 
 truftees, including the prelident, were ap- 
 pointed and incorporated, with full pow- 
 er to hold the property and luperintend 
 the concerns of the College. Eiglit may 
 conftitute a quorum. The prefident offi- 
 ciates as moderator. Through his perfe- 
 vering exertions, a library, confifting of 
 between one and two thoufand volum.es, 
 has been procured, a fmall philofophical 
 apparatus purchafcd, and a convenient 
 building eredled. From the beginning of 
 the year loco, a conftderable num.ber of 
 fcholars have received inftrudlion. Since 
 that time an advance has been made by 
 fubfcription towards the eflablifliment of 
 a permanent fund, and it is much to be de- 
 iircd,that it may be crowned with ample 
 fuccefs. The local fituation of the inftitu- 
 tion is highly favourable to its utihty, on 
 account of iilent retirement, healthinefs 
 of climate, cheapnefs of board, and near- 
 nefs to the moft public roads in every di- 
 rection. The furrounding country is dir 
 verfified with lofty mountains and luxuri- 
 ant vallies, with the woods of nature and 
 the fields of the planter, with rapid 
 llreams fpeeding their courfe to the dif- 
 tant ocean, and innumerable fprings ever 
 flowing v/ith the pureft water, all agree- 
 ably confpiring to ftimulaie and expand, 
 to invigorate and enrich, to fablimate and 
 purify the youtliful mind. The co. is 
 watered by the French, Broad, and Nol- 
 achucky rivers, and is bounded N by 
 Wafliington, E by N. Carolina, S by JefFer- 
 fon, and W by Hawkins counties. 
 
 Greene, a townihip in Chenango co. N. 
 York, on the E ilde of Clienango R. It 
 has 655 inhabitants. 
 
 Greene, a county in the upper diflridt of 
 Georgia, bounded W by the tapper part 
 pf Oconee R.E by Wilkes co. and Sby that 
 of Wafliington. It contains 10,761 in- 
 habitants, including 3657 flaves. Chief 
 town Greenfborough. 
 
 Greefifeld, a handibme, flourifliing poft 
 town in- Haniplliire co. MalTachufetts, 
 about 4 miles N of Dcerfield, and 104 W 
 py +«J of Bofton. The towufliip lies on 
 
 the W bank of Connecticut R. was Inc«iv 
 poratedin 1753, and contains 1254 inhab^' 
 itants. A com.pany was incorporated in 
 1796 to build a bridge over Connecticut 
 R. to connect this town with Montague. 
 
 Grcetijidd, a poft town in Saratoga co. 
 N. York, having 3073 inhabitants. 
 
 Greerfeld, a town in Hilllborough co. 
 N. Hamplliire, containing 934 inhabitants; 
 
 Green JJland, or Serpent JJI.ind, one of the 
 lefler Virgin iflands, which is claimed by 
 the Spaniards, and lituated near the E end 
 of Porto Rico. 
 
 Green IJland Harbour, lies on the weftern 
 end of the ifland of Jamaica. It furniil^ea 
 good anchorage, having Davis's Gove on 
 the N E, and Half Moon and Orange bays 
 ontheS'W. 
 
 Greenland, a town in Rockingham co. N. 
 Hampfliire, in the vicinity of the ocean, 
 5 miles foutherly from Portfmouth. It 
 Avas incorporated in J 713, and contain* 
 548 inhabitants. 
 
 Greenland. This cxtenfive country prop- 
 erly belongs to neither of tiie two conti- 
 nents ; uulel's, as feems probable, it be 
 united to America to the northward of 
 Davis's ftraits. It is bounded by Davis's 
 ftraits on the W ; to the northward by 
 Ibnie unknown ocean, or by the N pole; 
 E by the Icy fta, and a ftrait whicli fep- 
 arates it from Iceland ; S E by the Atlan- 
 tic ocean ; S it terminates in a point tail- 
 ed Farewell, in N lat. 59. The wcflern 
 coaft, which is waflied by Davis's firaits, 
 is high, rockv, bad land, which rears its 
 head, clofe to the fea, in lofty mountains 
 covered with fnow, and inacccfilhlc cliffs, 
 and meets the mariner's eye ^o league* 
 at fca. The Greenl-^nders, recko!ied to 
 amount to about 7000, live to the louth- 
 waid of the 6?,d degree of N lat. or as the 
 inhabitants are wont to fay, in the fouth ; 
 but no Europeans live there, fo that thofe 
 parts are but little known. The Europe- 
 an colonies have fixed themfelves to the 
 northward of lat. 61. The aflonifliing 
 mountains of ice in this country, may well 
 be recorded among its grcatell curiofities. 
 Nothing can exhibit a more dreadful, and 
 at tlie fame time a more da2:z!ing appear- 
 ance, than thofe prodigious mallcs of ice 
 that furroutid the whole coaft in various 
 formis, reflecting a multitude of colours 
 from the funbeams, and c'ailing to mind 
 the enchanting fcenes of romance; Such 
 profpe(Sls they yield in calm, weather; but 
 when the wind begins to blow, and the 
 waves to rife in vaft billows, the violent 
 fliocks of thofe pieces of ice, dafliing one 
 
 againft; 
 
G RE 
 
 GRE 
 
 agalnfl another, iill the mind with horror.. 
 As this country is covered, in moll places, 
 ■with everlafting ice and fnow, it is eafy 
 to imagine that it muft be extremely cold. 
 Among the vegetables of this cold coun- 
 try, are forrel of various forts, angelica, 
 wild tanfey, fcurvy grafs in great quanti- 
 ties, wild rofemary, dandalions in plenty, 
 and various forts of grafs ; whoretieber- 
 ries and cranberries grow here. Europe- 
 ans have fown barley and oats, which 
 grow as high and as thrifty as in warmer 
 cUmates, but feldom advance fo far as to 
 ear, and never, even in the warmefl; places, 
 to maturity, becaufe the frofty nights be- 
 ghi too foon. Unfruitful as this country 
 is, it affords food for fome, though but 
 few kinds of beafts, which f uruifli the na- 
 tives with food and raiment. Of the wild 
 game are white hares, rein deer, foxes, 
 ^nd white bears, who are fierce and mif- 
 chievous, fcals, &c. The Greenlanders 
 have no tame animals but a fpecies of 
 dogs, who refemble wolves. The Green- 
 landers believe in the doitrine of the 
 tranfmigration of fouls, and have very 
 lingular and romantic notions concerning 
 a future ftate. Weft Greenland was firft 
 peopled by Europeans in the eighth cen- 
 tury. At that time a company of Ice- 
 landers, headed by one Ericke Rande, 
 were by accident driven on the coaft. 
 On his return he reprefented the country 
 in fuch a favourable light, that fome fam- 
 ilies again followed him thither, virhere 
 they foon became a thriving colony, and 
 bcftowed on their new habitation the 
 name of GraenlandciV Grcenlai:d,Qn account 
 cf its verdant appearance. 'J "his colony 
 was converted to Chrifcianity by a mif- 
 iionary from Norway, fent thither by the 
 celebrated Olaf, the firft Norwegian mon- 
 arch, who embraced the true religion. 
 The Greenland fettlemeiit continued to 
 increafe and thrive under his protection, 
 and in a lirtie time the country was pro- 
 vided with many towns, churches, con- 
 vents, bifliops, &c. under the jurifdi(5lion 
 of the arclibifliop of Droutheim. A con- 
 fiderable commerce was carried on be- 
 tween Greenland and Norway ; and a 
 regular intercourfe maintaintd between 
 ihe two countries till the year X406, when 
 the laft biihop was fent over. From that 
 time all correfpondence was cut ott, and 
 all knowledge of Greenland has been bu- 
 ried in oblivion. The colony, from its 
 firft fettlemcnt, had been harafftd by 
 the natives, a lavage people, agrecin'; in 
 cuftoms, g^rb and appcaraucs* witii the 
 
 Efqulmaux. See Nc%v Britain. This nt* 
 ticn, called SchrelUngs^ Skrallngues, or 
 dwarfiQi people, from their ixnall ftature, 
 at length prevailed over the Iceland fet- 
 Llcrs, wlio inhabited the weftern diftridl, 
 and exterminated them in the 14th cen- 
 tury ; infomuch, that when their brethren 
 of the eaftern diftricSl came to their ailift- 
 ance, they found nothing alive but fome 
 cattle and ilocks of flieep running wild 
 about the country. The Schrellings have 
 a tradition that thefe were likewi-fe exter- 
 minated, and affirm that the ruins of their 
 I houfes and villages ftill appear. There 
 ; are reafons, however, for believing that 
 I there may be ftill fonis defcendimts of the 
 I ancient Iceland colony remaining in the 
 eaftern diftri<£t, though they cannot be 
 vifited by land, on account of the ftupen- 
 dous mountains, perpetually covered with 
 fnow, which divide the two parts of 
 Greenland ; whilft they have been ren- 
 dered InaccefTible by fea, by the vail 
 quantity of ice driven from Spitfbergcn, 
 or Eaft Greenland, one would imagine 
 that there muft have been fome confider- 
 able alteration in the northern parts of 
 the world fince the ijih century, fo that 
 the coaft of Greenland is now become 
 almoft totally inaccelllblc, though former- 
 ly vifited with very little difHcultj^ The 
 fame alteration in the climate of New 
 Britian is vilible. The forcfts are fur- 
 rouuded with a circle of flumps and dead 
 trees, ao miles and more in diameter. 
 This fliows that fnow and froft are more 
 powerful than formerly. Where the 
 fturdy forcft rofe,not a flirub now is i^nn. 
 While other climates become more mild, 
 that of the northern part of N. America 
 is more difmal. Numerous attempts have 
 been made in the lali and prefcnt century 
 to difcover the eaftern diftrict, but they 
 have all proved abortive. In thefe at- 
 tempts ore has been found, every hundred 
 pounds of whicli yielded 26 ounces of fil- 
 vcr ; and fand, from which an eminent 
 chemift extraiflc d pure gold. It is thought 
 the only practicable method of reaching 
 that part of the country will be to coaft 
 north about in fmall vtfTels, between the 
 great flakes of ice and the fliorc ; as the 
 Greenlanders have declared, that the cur- 
 rents continuallv iifuing from the bays 
 and inlets, and running S weftward along 
 the fnare, hinder the ice from adhering 
 to the land ; fo that ^lere is alAvays a 
 channel open, throi^h which veflels of 
 fmall burden might pafs, efpeciaily if 
 ledges were built at fuitable diftances on 
 
 tii€ 
 
ORE 
 
 GRE 
 
 the fliore, for the convenience and direc- 
 tion of the adventurers. The Greenland 
 iifliery is produ(Slive, and chiefly engroff- 
 ed by the Britifli and Dutch nations. In 
 1785 the former employed 153 fhips in 
 the whole fiiliery, and the Dutch 65. 
 
 Green Mountains, a range of mountains 
 extending N N E to S S W, and dividing 
 the waters which run eaflerly into Con- 
 nedlicut river, from thofe which fall weft- 
 erly into lake Champlain, lake George, 
 and Hudfon's river. The afcent from the 
 E to the top of the Green Moimtain in 
 Vermont, is much eafier than from the 
 W, till you get to Onion river, where the 
 mountain terminates. The height of 
 land is generally from ao to 30 miles from 
 the river, and about the. fame diftance 
 from the New York line. The natural 
 growth upon this mountain, is hemlock, 
 pine, fpruce, and other evergreens ; hence 
 it has always a green appearance, and on 
 this account has obtained the defcriptive 
 name of F'er Mons, Green Mountain. On 
 fome parts of this mountain fuow lies till 
 May, and fometimes till June. The chain 
 extends through MalTachufetts and t on- 
 necSlicut, and terminates in New Haven. 
 Kellingron Peak, the higheft of thefe 
 mountains, is about 3454 feet above the 
 level of the ocean. 
 
 Greenjlorou^h, a poft town, and chief 
 town of Greene co. Georgia, 50 miles from 
 Lexington, and 78 W by S from Augufta. 
 It contains 25 houfes, a court houfe, gaol, 
 and Prefbyterian meeting houfe. Lands 
 are appropriated for the eflablifliment of 
 an academy here. 
 
 Grcenpjorough, a thriving village In Car- 
 oline county, Maryland ; on the W fide 
 of Choptank creek, about 7 miles N of 
 Danton, and ^^ miles S E by S of Cheflcr. 
 Here is a poft office, 109 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Greenjhorouvh, a new townfliip in Or- 
 leans county in Vermont. It adjoins to 
 Minden on the N W, and Wheelock on 
 the S E, and contains 280 inhabitants. 
 
 GreenfjofQ. a port town, W. Chefter co. 
 N. York, 264 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Greenjlur^, a poft town, and the capital 
 of Wefl:moreland co. Pennfylvania. It Is 
 a neat pretty town, fuuated on a branch 
 of Scwlckly creek, which empties into 
 Youghiorany R. Here are 100 dwelling 
 houfes, a German Calvinifl: church, a 
 brick court houfe, and a flrone gaol. It is 
 31 miles S E bv R of Pittfburg, and 270 
 W by N of Philadelphia. 
 
 Creinfiurg^ a poll towxi, Grcen co. Ken- 
 
 tucky, S75 miles W by S from Waflilng*' 
 ton. 
 
 Grrenfv'tlle, a countv of Virginia, encom- 
 pafled by Brunfwick, Southampton, and 
 SulTex counties, on the W, N, and E, and 
 by the ftate of N. Carolina on the S. It 
 is about 24 miles long, and 20 broad, and 
 contains 26 11 free inhabitants, and 4116 
 flaves. 
 
 Greenville Court Houfe, in Virginia, fland* 
 on Hick's Ford, 25 miles from Southamp- 
 ton, and 61 from Norfolk. 'Inhere is now 
 a fmall town laid ofTat this place; a few 
 houfes are built. 
 
 Greenville, a diflridl of S. Carolina, con- 
 taining 11,504 inhabitants, of whom 1439 
 are Haves. 
 
 Greenville, a county In WaHiington dif- 
 trlct, S. Carolina ; fituatcd In the N Vf 
 corner of the flatc ; bounded E by Spar- 
 tanburg co. in Pinkneydiftrivft ; S by Pen- 
 dleton ; W by the flate of Georgia, and 
 that tradt of country which the flate of 
 S. Carolina ceded to the United States ; 
 and N by the flate of N. Carolina. It 
 contains 11,504 inhabitants, of whom 
 1439 ^^e flaves. The lands are moun- 
 tainous and hilly, and well watered, and 
 the climate healthy and agreeable. 
 
 Greenville, a poll town of S. Carolina, 
 and chief town of Cheraws diflridl: ; fitu- 
 ated on the W fide of Great Pedee river, 
 in Da,rlington co. It contain* about 30 
 houfes, a court houfe, gaol, and academy. 
 It is s5 miles E N E of Camden, 90 N E 
 by E of Columbia, 135 N by E of Charlef- 
 ton. 
 
 Greenville, a pofl town, and the chief 
 town of Pitt county, N. Carolina ; on the 
 S bank of Tar river, diflant from Ocre- 
 cok inlet no miles, and 23 from Wafli- 
 ington. It contains about ^o houfes, a 
 court houfe and gaol ; alfo a feminary of 
 learning, called the Pitt Academy. It is: 
 23 miles from Wafliington, and 25 milctf 
 from Tar borough. 
 
 Greenville, 3. poft town, Mecklenburg co. 
 Kentucky, 766 miles W by S from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Greenville, a poft town in JefTerfon co. 
 MifTifippi territory, 1217 miles W front 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Greenville, a fmall poll town in Crcca 
 CO. in the ftate of TenefTee, fituated on 
 the W fide of the N eafternmnfl branch 
 of Nolachucky river, about 6 miles N br 
 E of Greenville college, (fee Green Co.) 26 
 miles N W of Joncfborough, 75 E of 
 
 IKnoxville, and 653 S W of Philadelphia. 
 GreenifiUti a fort aad fcttlement in the 
 ftate 
 
Cre 
 
 GRE 
 
 fi-ate of Ohio, on the S fide of a N weftern 
 branch of the Great Miami, 6 miles N 
 TV of Fort JefFerfon on the Aime liranch, 
 and about t^ miles S E of Fort R.ecovery. 
 It is a picketed fort, with baftlons at each 
 angle, and capacious enough to accom- 
 modate 2O0O men. Here the Anlerican 
 legion had their head quarters in the late 
 "^var with the Indians. It was eftabhflied 
 by the late Maj. Gen. A. Wayne, in 1793, 
 and here he concluded a treaty of p'eace 
 with the Indian nations, on the 3d of 
 Auguft, 1-95. 
 
 Greenville Bay^ or La Bay, a town and 
 port of entry on the E or windward fide 
 of the ifland of Granada. It has about 
 60 dwelling houfes, a church, and feveral 
 rich ftores of India and European goods, 
 and plantation uteniils. The fituacion is 
 low, and rather unhealthy. 
 
 Grcp.'uillc Co. in U. Canada, is bounded 
 on the E by the county of Dundas ; on 
 the S by the river St. J^awrence ; and on 
 the W by the tov/nfliip of Elizabcthtown, 
 running N 24° W, until it interfecls the 
 Ottawa or Grand river; thence it de- 
 fcends that river until it meets the N weft- 
 ernmoft boundary of the county of Dun- 
 das. The county of Grenville compre- 
 hends all the lands near to it in the river 
 St. Lawrence. Sjr.yth. 
 
 Grafj'ille, in Wafliington co. N. York. 
 See Graninlle. 
 
 Greenville College. See Green Co. Ten- 
 cfTee. 
 
 GresnTvlch, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 Mafiachufetts, incorporated in 1754, con- 
 tains 1460 inhabitants. It is 20 miles E 
 of Northampton, and 75 wefterly of Eof- 
 ton. 
 
 Greenivkl), a townfliip in Gloucefter co. 
 N. Jerfcy, on the E bank of Delaware R. 
 oppofite'to Fort MifHin, 3 miles N by E 
 •f Woodlniry, and 6 S E of Philadelphia. 
 
 Greenivich, a townfliip in SuiTex co. N. 
 Jcrfey, on the E fide of Delaware river, 
 in a mountainous country, about 5 miles 
 N E of Eafton, in PenTil'ylvania, and 31 S 
 W of Newton, tlie fliire town. It con- 
 tained, in 1790, 2035 inhabitants; 
 
 Grccinihh, a town in Cumberland co. 
 N. Jerky, on the N W b:^nk of Cohan/.y 
 creek, about 3 miles from its month in 
 Delav.'sre bay. Here arc about 80 Iioufes 
 and a Friend's meeting houfe. It i-i i <; 
 miles S eafterly of Salem, and 66 3 by W 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 GrecntuichyA maritime and poft town in 
 Fairfield co. C(mne(9:tcut, and the S wefi:- 
 «rnmoil of the ftate.lies about 50 miles W 
 
 of New Haven, and 40 E of N. York c!t|^^ 
 and contains 3147 inhabitants. Its fea- 
 coafl on Long I. Sound, and that of the* 
 towniliip of .Stamford on the eaftward, 
 has a number of illcs and rocks bordering 
 the inlets of the fea and mouths of the 
 creeks. Byram river palTcs through this 
 town, the largeH; of the fmall ftreams 
 which water it, and only noticeable as 
 forming part of the line between Connec- 
 ticut and N. York. This tra6t was pur- 
 chafed of the native Indians in 1640, and 
 fettled under the government of the New 
 Netherlands (now N. York) and was in- 
 corporated by Peter Stuyvef^mt, in 1665, 
 who was then governor of the New Neth- 
 erlands. This town, falling within the 
 bounds of Connedlicut, was afterwards 
 granted to eight perfons by that colony. 
 
 GreewcvirlJ, a town in Walhington co. N. 
 York, on the E bank of Hudfon R. for- 
 merly the foutherly part of Argyle. Fort 
 Miller is in this town, where are the falls 
 in the Hudfon, which Gen. Putnam de- 
 fcended in a boat, at the hazard of his 
 life, to efcape the Indians, Here are faw 
 n^ills where much bufinefs is done. 
 
 Gree.'i-zvic/j, in Rhode Ifland. See JSti0 
 Greenivicb, 
 
 GreenivooJ, a townfliip in Cumberland 
 CO. Penufylvania, having 724 inhabitants. 
 Alfo, a townfliip in MifHin county, in 
 the fame flatc, having 969 inhabitants. 
 
 Green IVoods, a vafi foreft of flately pines 
 in Litchfield co. Conne(5iicut, which cover 
 the face of a part of that count)^ Thefe 
 are clothed in green bearded mofs, which 
 being pendant from the boughs, fcreens' 
 many of the trees from the eves, and 
 gives to the whole a gloomy, wild, and 
 whimfical appearance. 
 
 GregorJ'i, St. a town of New Mexico, 
 fituated on the E fide of Rio Bravo, a few 
 leagues N of St. Antonio. 
 
 Greo-JIo'zvn, a village in Somerfet co. N. 
 Jcrfey, on the E fide of Millftone river, 
 6 miles N E of Princeton, and about 9 S 
 W of N. Brunfwick. 
 
 Grenada. See Granada. 
 
 Gres, Cape au, a promontory on the E 
 fide of the Miflifippij in the N W terri- 
 tory, 8 leagues above the Illinois river*- 
 and the trac!:!: of country fo calieJ extends 
 5 leagues on that river. Ti'.ere is a grad* 
 ual defcent back to delightful meadows, 
 and to beautiful and fertile upland^, wa- 
 tered by feveral rivulet.s, which .fall into 
 the Illinois river, between 30 and 40 miles 
 from its entrance into the Millifippi, and 
 into the latter at Cape au Gres. The dif- 
 
 tance 
 
G RO 
 
 CUA 
 
 tance from the Mlffirippi to the Illinois 
 acrofs the country, is kfiened or in- 
 creafed, according to the windings of 
 the former river ; the fmalltft diflance 
 is at Cape au Ores, and chere it is be- 
 tween 4 and 5 miles. Tiie Innds in this 
 intermediate fpace between the above 
 two rivers are rich, almo(t beyond par- 
 allel, covered with large oaks, walnut, 
 &c. and not a ftone to be feen, except 
 upon the fides of the river. If fectlcments 
 were begun here, the French inhabitants 
 acknowledge that the Spaniili fettlements 
 on the other fide of the Miflitlppi would 
 be abandoned ; as the former would ex- 
 cite A conflant fuccelTion of fettlers, and 
 intercept all the tnide of the upper Mif- 
 lifippi. 
 
 Grey^s River, U. Canada, empties itfelf 
 into lake Simcoe, on the E fide. 
 
 Grimjlyi's Toivnfiip^ in U. Can:ida, CO. of 
 Lincoln, lies W of Clinton, and fronts 
 lake Ontario. 
 
 Griudjlone Ford, in the MifTlfippl terri- 
 tory, where is a poft office, 1177 miles N 
 W from Wall.ington. 
 
 Gr'fm, one of the fmaller Granadillas, 
 fiiuated between Diamond ifland and 
 Cariacou. It is uninhabited, having no 
 freili water. 
 
 Gros Mcrne, ftands in the middle of the 
 N peninfula of-the ifland of St. Dominpo, 
 between t!»e mountain and the head wa- 
 ters of a river which falls into the fea 4 
 leagues to the N, and a league and a lialf 
 W of Port de Paix. It is equally diflanr, 
 II leagues N E of Point Paradis, and N 
 W of Lcs Gonaives. N lat. 19 46, W 
 Ion. from Paris 75 13. 
 
 Grop T/lc. This illand is fituatcd in the 
 river Detroit, in U. Canada, and lies a 
 little way lower down than GrofTe Ifle 
 aux d'Indes ; but clofe to the W fliore ; 
 it contains feveral thoufand acres of ex- 
 cellent land, and plenty of good wood ; 
 is in a high (late of improvement ; a num- 
 ber of farmers are fettled there, who pof- 
 fefs large quantities of cleared land. 
 
 Sm \'{fj. 
 
 Grojp, jp la, (fo called by the Canadi- 
 ans) is the fame as Michilimackinac. 
 
 Grofon, a town in the county of Graf- 
 ton, N. Hampfliire, 15 miles N E of Dart- 
 mouth college It hHs 391 inhabitants. 
 
 Grofon, a townlliip in CaledQnia co. in 
 Vermont, is fituated weftward'of and ad- 
 joining to Ryegate, on Connecticut river, 
 and 9 miles N \V of Stephen's Fort on 
 that river. It contains 248 inhabitants. 
 
 Groion^ a poll town in Middlcfcx co. 
 Vol. I, J3 b 
 
 MalTachufetts, 25 i"''es N W of Bofton, 
 and contains 1802 inhabitants. 
 
 Groton, a townfliip in New London co. 
 Connedlicut, having Fiflier's ifland found 
 on the fouthward, and Thames river on 
 the W, which feparates ic from N.Lon- 
 don, to which it formerly belonged. It 
 was incorporated in 1705. and eonfifts of 
 two pariflics,containing437a inhabitants. 
 In 1770 there were 140 Indians here; 44 
 of whom could read, and 17 were church 
 members. On a height, on the bank of 
 the Thames, oppofite N. London city, 
 flood Fort Grifwold, memorable for be- 
 ing ftormed on the 6th of Sept. 1781, by 
 Benedi'^il: Arnold, a native of Connecticut, 
 after he had become a traitor to his coun- 
 try. Here 70 men, the flower of the 
 town, were put to the fword, after they 
 h:id furrendercd themfelves prifoncrs. 
 The compact part of the town was burnt 
 at the fame time, and fuflaincd lofies to 
 the amount of £.23,217. Fort Grifwo'.d 
 defends the haib >ur of New London. 
 
 Grove Point, forms the N fide of tlie 
 mouth of SilTiif as R. in Chefapeak bay, 
 S miles S S Vv^ of Turkey point. 
 
 Grovei's Creek, in the Itatc of Teneflee, 
 lies 7 miles from King's Spring, and z 
 from the foot of Cumberland Mountain. 
 
 Gryalva, a river in the province of 
 Chiapa, in New Spain, which is faid to 
 breed certain amphibious biafls not to be 
 found in any other place. They rcfem- 
 ble m. nkcys.and arefpotted like tygers ; 
 they hide themfelves generally under wa- 
 ter, and if they fee any man or bsafl fwim 
 by, they twift tjcir tails about a leg or 
 ai-m to draw them to the bottom ; and 
 yet it has never been obferved that they 
 eat them. 
 
 Gryfon, a ncw county of Virginia, taken 
 from Montgomery, which bounds it on 
 the N. It has the Hate of N. Carolina S, 
 Henrv and Wythe counties on the E and 
 W. 
 
 Guacana, a village in New Sjmin, near 
 the mountain Jeruyo, which was deftroy- 
 ed by a volcano in that mountain, in 1760. 
 
 Guacockhigo, a town in New Spain, 30 
 miles S E of Mexico. 
 
 Guadalajarra, or Gtiadalaxara, a province 
 in the audience of Galieia,in Old Mexico 
 or New Spain, and its capital, an epifco- 
 pal city of the fame name, both large and 
 beautiful. The city was built anno I53i' 
 by one of the family of the Guzmans ; 
 and the bifliopric, which was before fet- 
 tled at Compoftella, was tranflated thither 
 in 1570, It is fittiat-rd on a delightful 
 
 «n<l 
 
GtJA 
 
 GITA 
 
 SkTid fertile plain, watered with fcveral 
 ftreams and fountains, not far from Ba- 
 lanja river. The air of the country is 
 temperate, and tlie foil fo fertile, that it 
 yields lOO to i ; and all the fruits of Eu- 
 rope grow in luxuriance and abundance, 
 N lat. 20 50, W Ion. 104 49. The prov- 
 ince is watered by the Guadalaxara R. 
 
 Guadalaxaruy or Great R'l-ver^ in Mexico 
 or New Spain, rifcs in the mountains of 
 the valley of Toloccan, where Hands the 
 city of Gaadalaiarra,or Guadalaxara, the 
 capital of New Galicia. After running a 
 courfe of more than 600 miles, it empties 
 into the Pacific ocean, in the 2ad degree 
 of N lat. it has fti^pendous falls, 15 miles 
 S of the city of its name. 
 
 Gtiadaloupc, a fmall itland on the coafl 
 of California, in N lat. 29 5, \V Ion. 118. 
 
 Guadaloupe, one of the Caribbe iflands 
 in the W Indies, belonging to France, 
 having been fettled by them in 1635. 
 The natives called it Camcuclfa, and Cara- 
 cueira. Columbus gave it its prefent name, 
 from the refembiance of its mountains to 
 thofe of that name in Spain. It is lltuat- 
 ed in 16 20 N lat. and 62 W Ion. .about 
 30 leagues N of Martlnlco, and almoft as 
 many S of Antigua, Helng 45 miles long, 
 and 38 broad. It is divided into two 
 parts by a fmall arm of the fea, or rather 
 a narrow channel, through which no flilps 
 can venture; but the Inhabitants pafs it 
 in a ferry boat. Its foil is equally fertile, 
 and in the fame producflions with that of 
 Marti nico. This illand was taken by the 
 Britlfli in 1759, but was reftored at the 
 treaty of peace In 1 763. It was taken by 
 the fame power in 1794, but was retaken 
 by the French in the clofe of tlie faine 
 year. Here is a high burning mountain, 
 which abounds with fulphur,, and fmoke 
 ifTues out from funnry clefts and chinks, 
 "^^he, negroes who fell brimfrone fetch It 
 from this mountain. Many years ago 
 this ifiand produced 46 million pounds of 
 fugar, 21 millions of coflee, 320,000 of 
 cotton, and 8000 pounds of cocoa. 
 
 Guagaquil. See Guayaquil. 
 
 Giiiura, a bay in Terra Flrma,S. Amer- 
 ica, in the North fea. 
 
 Guaira, a SpaniHi province in the E di- 
 vllTon of Paraguay, in S. America. Its 
 city is Cividad Real, called alfo Guaira, 
 and Oliveros. 
 
 Gujma/.'ssya province in the jurifdicllon 
 of the archblfliop of Lima, in S. America, 
 and empire of Peru, begins 80 leagues N 
 E of Lima, and extends along the center 
 »f the Cordillera. The Indian inhabit- 
 
 ants apply themfelv^es to weaving, and' 
 making a great variety of baizes, ferges, 
 and other flufls, with which they carry 
 on confiderable trade with the other 
 provinces. 
 
 Guaman Villas, a jurifdiction under the 
 archbliliop of Lima, 7 leagues from Gua- 
 manga. It is highly fertile, abounding 
 with corn, fruits, paftures, cattle in great 
 quantities, and all manner of efculent' 
 vegetables. The Indians here are equally 
 Induftrious as thofe abovementioned, 
 making baizes, corded flufl's, &c. which 
 they fend to Cufco and other provinces. 
 
 Gua}?}iitJga, or Guanianca, or Si. Juan de 
 la Vhtoria^ix city of Peru, about 60 leagues' 
 S E of I/ima, and having Pifco between it 
 and the fea. It was founded by Plzarra, 
 in 1,539. T'J^c houfes are all of ftone, cov- 
 ered with Hates- There are in it 3 ele- 
 gant churches, feveral convents, and a 
 rich hofpltal ; being the feat of a bilTiop, 
 under the archbifliop of Lima, the feat of a 
 governor, and the capital of a fmall prov- 
 ince. The air is wholefomcand temper- 
 ate. The foil produces wheat, and the 
 meadows breed numerous herds of cattle- 
 There are in the pro-virrce mines of gold, 
 fdver, iron, lead, copper, and fulphur. 
 The famous quicklilver mines of Guan- 
 cavelica are 9 or to leagues from this 
 city. S lat. 12 20, "K Ion. 72 36. 
 
 Guat'.ahuni., or St. Sal'vadorc. See Cut 
 JJland. 
 
 Guana Patina, a- volcano near Arequipa, 
 in the valley of Qnilea, in S. America, 
 and empire of Peru ; whofe eruption, 
 afljftcd by an earthquakx^5 laid Arequipa 
 in ruins In 1600. 
 
 Giiancha Belica, a jurifdl<5Hon fubje<ft to 
 the archbifliop af Lima.ln Peru, 30 leagues < 
 N of the city of Guamanga ; has very rich 
 quickiilver mines, but otherwife very bar- 
 ren. See Giuui^aiH-Uca. 
 
 Guanchaco, a port ar harbour in Peru, o, 
 America, about 2 leagues N of Truxlllo, 
 and the channel of its maritime commerce, _^ 
 fituattd in 8 6 S lat. in the South fea. 
 
 Guanta, a jurifdicHc>n N N W of Gua- 
 manga, 4 leagues, in the empire of Peru ; 
 under the arclibifliop of Lima. Its lich. 
 filver mines are nearly exhaufled. 
 
 Guau^avclica, or Giiancavelica, a town of 
 Peru, in S. America, and in the audience 
 of Ivlma. It is rich, and abounds in mines 
 of qulckfilver ; I ao miles N E of Pifco, 
 and 175 S E of Lima. S lat. 13, W Ion, 
 88 30. The famous qulckfilver mine* 
 called Guan-x-aiielica, OX El AJficnto de Ore- 
 
 pep) J not far from the above town, near 
 
tJUA 
 
 GtFA 
 
 ?1i« city of Oropefo, were difcovcred by 
 the Spaniards in 1566, and produce an- 
 nually a million pounds of quickfdver, 
 which is tranfported by land to Lima, 
 .afterwards to Arica, and thence to Potoli, 
 Avhere they make ufe of it to melt and 
 refine the filver ; and it yic4ds to the 
 Spanilb trcafury 40,000 ducats a year, 
 befide other emoluments. The quick- 
 filver is found in a whitiili rials, refem- 
 bling brick illy burned. This fubftance 
 is volatilized by tire, and received in 
 fleam by a combination of glai's veflels, 
 where it condenl'es by means of a lictle 
 water at the bottom of each veflcl, and 
 forms a pure heavy liquid. 
 
 Cuanuco, or Guanngo, a city and the cap- 
 ital of its juril'ditStion, in the archbifliop- 
 rick of Lima, in Peru, which begins 40 
 leagues from Lima. It was a fettlenieut 
 jnadeby the firft conquerors, but the city 
 is now in a mean condition. Several 
 kinds of jellies and fweetmeats are made 
 here, and fold to other provinces. It is 
 192 miles N E of Lima. S iat. 10 31, W 
 Ion. 75 20. 
 
 Guara, a town in its own jurifdiclicn on 
 the road from Truxillo to Lima, contain- 
 ing about 200 houfes. It has a parifli 
 church, and a convent of Francifcans, 
 furrounded by fine plantations, and de- 
 -iightful improvements. At the S end of 
 Guara ftands a large tower with a gate, 
 and over it a kind of redoubt. This 
 tower is eredled before a ftone bridge, 
 under which runs Guara river. It lies in 
 S Iat. n 31 36. Not far from tliis town 
 are ftill to be feen a great many ruinous 
 remains of the edifices of the Yncas or 
 Incas ; fuch as walls of palaces, large 
 dykes, by the lides of fpacious highways, 
 fortrelTes, and caftles, erected for checking 
 tJie inroads of the enemy. 
 
 Guarcbi, a jurifdiclion 6 leagues E of 
 Ijima, in Peru, extends itfclf above 40 
 leagues along the Cordilleras, abounding 
 in grain and fruits. It has fome fdver 
 mines, but as the metal is indiiTerent, few 
 are wrought. 
 
 Guarico, a town iituatcd on the N fide 
 of the ifland of St. Domingo, but more 
 commonly called CapeFranq^ois ; which fee. 
 
 Guarma, a maritime town of Peru, in 
 S. America. S Iat. 10 10, W Ion. 77 49. 
 
 Guarmoy, a fmall maritime town of Pe- 
 ru, in S. America. It is the relidence of 
 a corregidore ; has a good harbour, and 
 lies 134 miles N W of Lima, S Iat. 183 SZ- 
 
 Gttafco, a river of Chili in S. America. 
 
 Cuajlaca^ or Fanucoy (which fee) a prov- 
 
 ince which borders on New Leon an^ 
 Mexico, in Avhich province are grain, 
 cochineal, and fome very rich fdvtr mines. 
 All the fliores are low, overflowed, un- 
 healthy, and full of fait marflics. . 
 
 Gi/u'taviia, a lake in I'erra Firma, S. 
 America, near the city of Santa Fc de Ba- 
 gota ; which fee. 
 
 Guati7nala^ Audience and Province of, in 
 New Spain, is about 750 miles in length, 
 and 450 in breadth It is bounded on the 
 N by Chiapa and Vera Pax ; on the S and 
 W by the South Sea, and on the E by 
 Honduras. It abounds in chocolate, 
 which they make ufe of inftcad of money. 
 It has 12 provinces under it, and the na- 
 tive Indians profefs Chriftianity ; but it 
 is mixed with a great many of their own 
 fuperflitions. There is a great chain of 
 high mountains, which run^ acrofs it from 
 E to W, and it is fubjci^l to earthquakes 
 ! and florms. It is, however, very fertile, 
 j and produces great quantities of choc- 
 '• olate, cochineal, cotton, indigo, honey, 
 ; fome balfam ar^d woad. The mcrchan- 
 dife of the province is generally convey- 
 ed to the port of St. Thomas in the bay 
 of Honduras, to be fent to Europe. The 
 way acrofs this province to the South 
 Sea is about 65 leagues, and is the next 
 to that from Vera Cruz to Acapuico, 
 This province is called by the Indians 
 ^atuemallM, which fignilies a rotten trcc^ 
 St. Jago <le Guatimala, the capital city, is 
 fituated in a valley, through the midfl: of 
 which runs a river between two burning 
 mountains. In 1541 this city was ruined 
 by a dreadful tempcft, ainl a number of 
 the inhabitants were buried in the ruins. 
 It was rebuilt at a good diflance from the 
 volcano, and became a large and rich, 
 town, with a bifliop's fee, and an univer- 
 fity ; but it was fwallowed up by an earth- 
 quake in 1773. It contained about 60,000 
 inhabitants of all colours, and was iiri- 
 menfely rich ; but there are no traces of 
 it left. The lofs was valued at 15 millions 
 flerling ; and it was the third city in rank 
 in Spanilli America. In this dreadml 
 earthquake 8000 families inftantiy pcr- 
 iflied. New Guatimala is built at fome 
 diftance, is well inhabited, and carries on 
 a great trade. N Iat. 13 4O) W lo"- 9° 3-- 
 Guaxaca, a province in the audi-uce of 
 Mexico, in New Spain, N. America, and 
 its capital city of the fame name. It 
 reaches from the bay of Mexico on the 
 N to the South Sea, having the province 
 of Tlafcala on the N W, and thofe of 
 Chiapha and Tabafco on the S E. It ex- 
 tends 
 
GUA 
 
 CUA 
 
 t*nds nearly 95 leagues along the South 
 Sea, 50 along the bay of Mexico, And 
 near i io. fiiy fome, along the confineb of 
 Tlafc !!a, but not above jo on thofe of 
 Chiapa. The air hert is good, and the 
 foil fruitful, efpecially in mulberry trees ; 
 fo that it produces more filk than any 
 province in America. Except the vallty 
 of Guaxaca (which is famous for giving 
 the title of Marques del Valle to Ferdi- 
 nand Cortez, the conqueror of Mexico) 
 the greatefl part is mountainous, ytt 
 abounding with wheat, cattle, fugar, cot- 
 ton, honey, cocoa, plantanes and other 
 fruits. It has rich mines of gold, filvcr, 
 and lead ; and ail its rivers have gold in 
 their fands. CafTia, cochineal, cryflal, 
 and copperas abound alfo here. Vanilla, 
 a drug, ufed as a perfume to give choco- 
 late a flavour, grows plentifully in thi^ 
 province. There were in this province 
 120 monafteries, befide hofpitals, fchools, 
 and other places of public chari|^, 15c 
 confiderable towns, befide upwards of 
 3C0 villages. But now the province is 
 faid to be thinly inhabited. 
 
 Guaxoca, the cap'tal of the laft men- 
 tioned province, is a bifliop's fee, and the 
 refidencc of a governor. It lies %t,o miles 
 S of the city of Mexico, lao VV of Spirito 
 Santo, and I3Z S of the gulf of Altxxo, 
 and of Vera Cruz, in the delightful valley 
 of Guaxaca, wiiich is 40 miles in length 
 and ^o in breadth ; and on the road lead- 
 ing through Chiapa to Guatimala. This 
 city contains a very ftatcly cathedral, and 
 Several thouiand families, both Spaniards 
 and hidians. It carries on a confiderable 
 trade with the North and South Seas. 
 The river is not fortified, fo that it lies 
 «-ipen to invafion. The Creolian clergy 
 here are bitter enemies to the Spanilh 
 cleigy. According to fome, the proper 
 name of Guaxaca is Antlquera ; bnt this 
 lafl, others make a fcparate town and 
 bifliop's Jee alfo, fituated about 80 miles 
 to the S W. It is faid to have a fbtely 
 cathedral, adorned with many large and 
 high pillars of marble, each of which is 
 one entire ftonp. It is iituated in N lat. 
 17 45» W Ion. 100. 
 
 Cuayalas^ a province and jurifdicT:ion in 
 the archbiihopiic of Lim^i, in Peru, S. 
 America ; extends along the center of the 
 Cordilleras, begins jo leagues N N E of 
 Lima ; produces grain, fruits, and paflure 
 for cattle. 
 
 Guayana, a towu in the province of 
 Paria, in Terra Firma, S. America, about 
 173 miles S E by E of Calabcza, and 75 \ 
 
 S of the mouth of the gulf of Paria. 
 G! uyaquil^ called by I'ome Guhiquil, by 
 others Gnagaquil and Gnayakal, a city, bay, 
 harbour, and river, in Peru, S. America. 
 Guayaquil city is the fecond of Spanilli 
 origin, being as ancient as 1534 ; is fitu- 
 ated en tilt W fide of the river Guayaquil, 
 N of the illand of Puna, at the head of 
 the bay, and about ij; 5 niiics S S W of 
 Quito, in 2 ji Slat. 7917 VV Ion. Civi- 
 dad Vicga, or Old Town, was its fu I'l fit- 
 uacion, but ic was removed about a quar- 
 •er of a league in 1693 by Orellana; and 
 the communicr.tioii over the great ravins 
 or holiovs of Wafer, pieferved between 
 the old and new towns by a wooden 
 bridge of half a quarter of a league. The 
 city is about 1 miles in extent ; is defend- 
 ed by 3 forts, z on the river near the city, 
 and the third behind it, guarding the en- 
 trance of a ravin. The churches, con- 
 vents and houfes are of wood. It con- 
 tains about 18 or 2C,coo inhabitants, Eu- 
 ropeans, Creoles and other eafls ; befide 
 a number of ftrangers drawn hither by 
 coaimcrcial interefts. The women here 
 are famed for their perfonal charms, po- 
 lite manners, and elegant drefs. The I'alt 
 creek here abounds with lobflcrs and oy- 
 fters ; but the fifh in the neighbourhood 
 are not efteemed, being full of bones, and 
 unpalatable. But this place is mofl noted 
 for a flicll fifh called turbine^ no bigger 
 than a nut, which produces a purple 
 reckoned to exceed all others in the 
 world, and to vie with that of the Tyri- 
 ans. It is called the purple of Punta, a 
 place in the jurifdi<5lion of Guayaquil. 
 With this valuable and fcarce purple, 
 they die the threads of cotton, ribbands, 
 laces, &c. and the weight and colour are 
 faid to exceed according to the hours of 
 the day ; fo that one of the firft prelimi- 
 naries to a contrail is to fettle the time 
 when it fliall be weighed. The dye is 
 only the blood of the fifli, prefled out by 
 a particular procefs ; and the cotton fo 
 dyed is called by way of eminence caracol- 
 lilo. The river Guayaquil is the channel 
 of its commerce ; and the diflance of the 
 navigable part of it, to the euftom houfe 
 of Babahoio is reckoned about 24 leagues. 
 The commerce of this place is confidera- 
 ble ; the produd;ions of the country alone 
 form the moft confiderable part of it ; 
 thefe are cocoa, timber, fait, horned cat- 
 tle, mules, and colts ; Guinea pepper, 
 drugs, and lana de ceibo, a kind of avooI, 
 the producl of a very high and tufted 
 tree of that name, being liner than cot- 
 
 tOA* 
 
GUI 
 
 G UL 
 
 ton. It Is ufcd for matrafles and beds. 
 
 Guiiyna, a town in the interior part of 
 Brazil on Parma river, a iliort diftance S 
 of the iropic of Capricorn. 
 
 Guiana, H larg-e country of S. America, 
 between the rivers Orooncko and Ama- 
 zon. The fcacoaft is partly polftfied by 
 cheDutch and French. See French America ^ 
 or Cayenne ,• and Dutch America^ or Dutch 
 Guiana, The moft confiderablc of the In- 
 dian nations of Guiana are the Charib- 
 bees, tho Arvaques, the Yat)s, and the 
 Gahbis. Thci'e are well proportioned, 
 for the moft pari, are I'vvartiiy, and go 
 naked. The Ci)araibes, or Carihbtts, 
 are enterpriiing, and fo cautious of fur- 
 prife, that they poft outguards and centi- 
 nels with as niucli care and art as the 
 liurcpeans. They are faid to have been 
 formerly cannibals. The Galibis are more 
 addicted to peace ; they nianufa<5lure 
 hammocks and cotton beds, and are very 
 ingenious. Such as are near the Europe- 
 ans have learnt to handle firearms. The 
 Charaibes in the W. Indies are thought 
 to derive their origin from thefe nations. 
 The Charaibes of Guiana IKll fondly cher- 
 jili the tradition of Sir Walter Raleigh's 
 alliance; and to this day preftrve the 
 Englifli colours which he left with them 
 at parting, about 200 years fmce. 
 
 Giiiandot, a river of Virginia, which 
 rifes in the Cumberland mountain, and 
 running a N by W courfe about So miles, 
 falls into the Ohio R. about 34 miles be- 
 low the Great Kanhaway. It is faid to 
 be 60 yards wide at its mouth, and as 
 many miles navigable for canoes. 
 
 Guiura, La, corruptly called Legulra, a 
 town of Terra Firma, on the Caracoa 
 coaft. Its harbour is 212 miles E of Mar- 
 acaibo, where, iji the years 1739 ^'^^ 
 1743, the Britifli were twice repulfed,and 
 loft fome men in attacking this place. S 
 iat. lo 39, W ion. 66 i. 
 
 Guildhall, a townlliip in Eflex co. Ver- 
 mont, on ConnetSlicut river, and contains 
 ^96 inhabitants. It is oppoiite the mouth 
 of Ifrael river. , 
 
 Guilford, a tciwnfllip in Franklin co. 
 Pennfylvania, having 1343 inhabitants. 
 
 Guilford, a townfl^ip in Windham co. 
 Vermont, on the W bank of Connci5licut 
 river, and oppofite to the mouth of Afhu- 
 clot river. It has Hinfdale on the S E, 
 and the ftate of Maffachufetts on the S, 
 and contains 2256 inhabitants. 
 
 Guilford, a poft town of ConnccElicut, in 
 New Haven co. on the S fide of Long I. 
 ^ound, about x8 miles E by S of Mew 
 
 Haven city. The townflilp is large, and 
 is divided into 5 pariflies, and was fettled 
 in 1639. It was called Alenuncatuck by 
 the Indians. It has 3601 inhabitants. 
 
 Guilfordto. in Salifbury diftridl, N. Car- 
 olina, is bounded E by Orange, W by 
 Rowan, S by Rockingham co. and N by 
 Virginia. It is noted for the enteniivc 
 and rich tracts called New Garden, Buf- 
 faloe and Deep river lands. It contains 
 9442 inhabitants, inclulive of 905 Haves. 
 Chief town, MartinviUe. 
 
 Guilford Court Hoiifc. See MartinviUe. 
 It is on the poft road from Halifax to 
 Salilbury, 48 miles S W of Hilllborough, 
 a.i\i\ 61 eaftward of Saiiftjury, 
 
 Guinet, or Gzvynned, a iowndiip in Mont- 
 gomery CO. Pennfylvania, has 906 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Gulf of Florida, Of Neiv Bahama Channel^ 
 is bounded W by the peninfula of E. 
 Florida, E by the Bahama iflands. It is 
 generally about 40 miles wide, and ex- 
 tends from the 2jth to the 28th degree 
 of N latitude. 
 
 Gulf Stream. This remarkable phe- 
 nomenon is a current in the ocean, which 
 runs along the coaft, at unequal diftances 
 from Cape Florida to the Ille of Sables 
 and the banks of Newfoundland, where 
 it turns oft' and runs down through the 
 Vv'eftcrn illands ; thence to the coaft of 
 Africa, and along that coaft in a fouthera 
 dire6lion, till it arrives at, and fupplies 
 the place of thofe waters carried by the 
 conftant trade winds from the coaft of 
 Africa towards the W, thus producing a 
 conftant circulating current. I'his ilrtam 
 is about 75 miles from the fliores of the 
 foulhern ftates, and the diftance incrtafes 
 as you proceed northward. The width, 
 of it is about 40 or 50 miles, widcniing 
 towards the N. Its common rapidity is 
 three miles an hour. A N E wind nar- 
 i rows the ftrcam, renders it more rapid, 
 and drives it nearer the coaft, N W and 
 W winds have a contrary efled:. The 
 Gulf Stream is fuppofed to be occafioned 
 by the trade winds that arc conftantly 
 driving the water to the weftward, which, 
 being comprciied in the Gulf of Mexico, 
 finds a pafl'age between Florida and the 
 Bahama iflands, and runs to the N E along 
 the American coaft. This hypothefis if? 
 confirmed by another fadl : It is faid that 
 the water in the Gulf of Mexico is many 
 yards higher than on the weftern fide of 
 the continent in the Pacific ocean. It is 
 highly probable that the fand carried 
 down by great rivers iiUo bays, and th^ 
 
 current 
 
HAC 
 
 HAC 
 
 j&arrcnt out of thefe bays meeting with 
 the Gulf Stream, by their eddies, have 
 formed Nantucket ShoaJs, Cape Cod, 
 George's Bank, the Iflaad of Sable, &c. 
 Skilful navigators, who have acquired a 
 knovv'lcdge of the extent to which this 
 flream reaches on tlie New England coaft, 
 have learnt, in their voyages fioni Europe 
 to New England, Nev/ York, or Pennfyl- 
 •vania, to pals the banks of Newfoundland 
 in about 44 or 45 N lat. to fail thence in 
 a courfe between the northern edge of 
 the Gulf Stream, and the flioals and hanks 
 ©f Sable Illand, George's Bank, and Nan- 
 tucket, by which they make better and 
 quicker voyages to America. 
 
 Gimpoiv'Jcr^ a river of the weflern fliore 
 of Maryland, whofe chief branches unite 
 a little above Joppa, and empty into 
 Chefapeak bay, about \% miles above 
 Patapfco river. It is navigiible only a 
 few miles, by rcafon of falls. 
 
 Gunpoicdcr Ncch, near the head of Chef- 
 apeak bay, is a curioijs peninfula formed 
 by Gunpowder river and Bufli river. 
 
 Gurncty The. See Du thorough, 
 
 Guyjhorough^ or Manchejler^ a townfllip 
 in Nova Scotia, on (Jhedabudto bay, lo 
 leagues N W of Cape Canfo and 40 
 leagues caflward of Halifax, contained 
 2,jo families in 1783. 
 
 Givil!mhir-y Toivnjh'ip, in the home dif- 
 tricl, U. Canada, lies on lake Simcoc, 
 where Yon^eftrect meets Hollands river. 
 
 Smytb. 
 
 m 
 
 H 
 
 .A Braga, formerly called Fort Dau- 
 phin, a fort in the iHand of Cuba. 
 
 Hachay Rio de loy or La Kacha^ a prov- 
 ince, its chief town, and a i-iver, in Terra 
 Firma or Caftile del Oro, in S. America. 
 The province Is furrounded on two fides 
 by the ocean, viz. on the N and N W, 
 and on the third caflward by the gulf of 
 Venezuela. The town is fituated at the 
 mouth of the river, and on its W fide, on 
 a little hill about a mile from the fea. 
 The foil about it is very rich, and abounds 
 with produiElions common to the climate, 
 alfo European plants and fruits ; well 
 fupplied with fait fprings, veins of gold, 
 and fome gems of great value. The har- 
 bour is none of the beft, being expofed to 
 the N winds. It is about 8 leagues from 
 New Salamanca, and 18 from Cape Vela, 
 N by E, and 246 miles E of Carthagena. 
 Here the Spanilb galleons touch at their 
 arrival in S. America, from whence ex- 
 
 prtfffes arc fent to all the fcttlcments, t# 
 give them liOtice of it. In 1595 it wa» 
 furprifed and facked by Sir Francis Drake. 
 N lat. II 30, W lo!i. 72. 
 
 II(2cketJioivn, a fmall pofl: town in SufTex 
 CO. N. Jeriey, on the N W iide of Muf- 
 conecunk river. It is about 3 miles above 
 the mineral fpring near Roxhury, on the 
 oppofite iide of the river, 22 miles W by 
 N of Morriftovvn, 16 S W by W of Suf- 
 fex court houfc, and 120 N N E of Phila*- 
 delpliia. 
 
 Hachinfach^ a rlver of N. Jerfey, which 
 rifes in N. York, and runs a foutherly 
 Gouife 4 or 5 miles W of Hudfon river. 
 It unites v^ith Paffaic river at the head of 
 Newark bay, and is navigable about 15 
 miles. 
 
 Hackhifack, the chief and pofl town in. 
 Bergen co. N. Jeriey, is fituated near the W 
 bank of the above river, 20 miles N W of 
 N. York city. The inhabitants are moflly 
 Dutch. The houies are chiefly built of 
 ftone, in the old Dutcii tafle. Here are 
 4 public buildings, a Dutch and Epifcopal 
 church, a court houfe, and a flouriiliing 
 academy. The people, who are moftly 
 farmers, carry their produce to N. York. 
 
 Haddizniy a pofl town of Conneclicut, 
 the fecond in rank in Middlefex co. oij 
 the W fide of Connec5licut river, 18 or 20 
 miles from its mouth, and 10 miles S K 
 of the city of Middletown, containing 
 2307 inlial/itants. This townfllip, in- 
 cluding Eafl Haddam, on the oppofite 
 fide of the river, was purchafed of the 
 Indians, May 20th, 1662. A fpot in Eaft 
 Haddam was famous for Indian Pa'u-azvs, 
 and was fubject for many years to earth- 
 quakes and various noifes, which the firft 
 fettlers attributed to thefe Paxvaivs. Aa 
 old Indian being afked what was the rea-r 
 fan of fuch noifes in this place ? anfwer- 
 ed, " The Indian's God was very angry 
 becaufe the Engliflimen's God came here," 
 Thefe noifes are now frequently heard. 
 
 Haddonjicld, a fmall poft town in Glou- 
 cefter co. N. Jerfey, 9 miles S E by E of 
 Philadelphia, and 17 from Burlington. 
 
 Hadlcy, a pleafant poft town in Hamp- 
 jliire CO. Alaflachufetts, lying on the E 
 fide of Connecticut river, nearly oppolite 
 Northampton, ao miles N of Springfield, 
 and 97 W of Bofton. The town Jconiifls of 
 two long fpacious flreets, which run par- 
 allel with each other, and with the river. 
 The towniliip contains 1073 inhabitants. 
 
 Hogarjio-uin, now called Eli^ubdh Toiun : 
 which fee. It has a confiderable trade 
 .with the vveftcrn country, and has be- 
 
 twcea^ 
 
HAL 
 
 H A t 
 
 tvrccn 2 and 300 houles. It is fituat- 
 ed in Walliington co, Maryland ; is a 
 port town, a6 miles N W of Frederick- 
 town, 73 -N \V by W of Baltimore, and 
 a2 S by W of Chamberfburg in Pennfyl- 
 Tania. 
 
 Hiilbut Point, the N E point of Cape 
 Anne, in Mafiachufetts. 
 
 Halcyjhirg, a poit town, Lunenburg co. 
 Virginia, 435 miles from Washington. 
 
 Half Moony an extenfive towafliip in 
 Albany CO. N.York. It contains 3851 
 inhabitant?. Waterford, a neat, compact, 
 thriving village, of about Oo or 100 houfes, 
 a miles E N E of the Cohocz, and 12 
 miles N of Albany, on the N bank of the 
 rooft northerly branch of Mohawk river, 
 and on the W bank of the'Hudfon, is ill- 
 liated in this towniliip. 
 
 HaUiman Coi'Sy in U. Canada, is a little 
 to the eaftward of Klngflown harbour, 
 and- made by the points Frederick and 
 Henry. On the \V tide of the Cove is 
 the king's dockyard, atad provihons, llores, 
 ■tVharf, &c. SmytL 
 
 HaUhtian T'orvtiJIjipy in the CO. of North- 
 Hmberland, U. Canada, lies to the W of 
 Gramahe^and fronts lake Ontario. Smyth. 
 
 Halifax., a co. in the- eaftern- part of the 
 Britifli province of Nova Scotia. It con- 
 tains Halifax, ths capital ; the townfliips 
 of Londonderry, Truro, Onflow, Colchef- 
 fer, Lawrence, Southampton, Canfo, and 
 1-inmouth. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 Irifli, Scotch and Nev^f Englanders. It 
 has numerous bays, and rivers ; the chief 
 of the hitter are bhabbennacadie, which 
 is a boatable river, the Petitcodiac, Mern- 
 ramcook, &.c. See Nova Scotuj. 
 
 Halifax^ the capital of the province of 
 Nova Scotia, in the co. of its name, was 
 fettled by a number of Britifli fubjecrs 
 in 1749. It is lituated on a fpaciousand 
 commodious bay or harbour, called Chc- 
 buAo, of a bold and cnfv entrance, where 
 7i thoufand of the largeft iliips might 
 ride with great convenience and fafetv. 
 The town is built on the W fide of the 
 harbour, on the declivity of a command- 
 ing hill, whofe fummit is Z36 feet perpen- 
 dicular from the level of the fea. The 
 town is laid out into oblong fquares ; the 
 Greets parallel and at right angles. The 
 town andfuburbs are about two miles in 
 length ; and the general width a quarter 
 of a mile. It contained, in 1793, about 
 4000 inhabitants and 700 houies. At 
 the northern extremity of the town, is 
 the king's naval yard, completely built 
 aad fupplied with ftores of every kiod 
 
 for the royal navy. The harbour fj 
 Halifax is reckoned inferior to no place? 
 in Britifli America for the feat of govern- 
 ment, being opf'n and acceflible at all 
 feafonsofthe year, when ahnort all other 
 harbours in tliefe provinces are locked 
 up with ice : alfo from its entrance, Ixtua- 
 tion and its proximity to the bay of 
 Fundy, and principal interior fettlementa 
 of the province. This city lying on the 
 S coaft of Nova Scotia, has communication 
 vfith Pifflou, 68 miles to the N E on the 
 gulf of St. Lawrence, by a good cart 
 road, finiHied in 1792., It is^ it miles 
 nortlierly of Cape Sambro, which forms 
 in part the entrance of the bay; 27 S 
 eafterly of Windfor, 40 N by E of 
 Truro, 80 N E by E of Annp.polis crt the' 
 bay of Fundy, and 157 S E of St. Ann, 
 in N. Brunfvvick, meafuring' in- a ftraightr 
 line. N lat. 44 40, W Ion. 63 15. 
 
 Halifax, a fort in the town of \ ^ihHow,- 
 in Kennebeck co. Maine, erefted by order 
 of Governor Shirley, in 1 754. It Hands' 
 on the point of land formcxl by the con- 
 fluence of tlic SfcbalVacook with the Ken- 
 nebeck, 30 miles below Sandy R. 
 
 HalifiXyt'A townlhip in Windham co. 
 Vermont, 23 miles E by S of Bennington, 
 lias Marlborough on the N, and the Maf- 
 fachufetti; line S. It contains 1600 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Halifax, a townfiilp in Plymouth co. 
 MaiTachufettSi t^S niiles S E of Bofton. Id 
 was incorporated in 1734, and contains'^ 
 642 inhabitants. 
 
 Halfax, a village on the E fide of 
 Sufquehannah R. in Daupliin co. Penn- 
 fylvania, 13 miles N of Harriiburg, Here 
 is a pcft office. 
 
 Halifax, one of the middlfc dillriAs of 
 N- Carolina, bounded N by the ftate of- 
 Virginia, E by Edenton diftridl, W by 
 Hilllborough, and S by Nev/bern. It is 
 divided into 7 counties, viz. Northamp- 
 ton, Halifax, Martinj Edgcomb, Warren; 
 Fianklin, and Naih, which contaii> 
 69,136 lnhabitants,including3i,445 Have?,-- 
 Belide fmaller ftrcams, the Roanoke- 
 pafles through this diftricl in a S E courfc^. 
 and the Pamplico has its fource in it. 
 Chief town, Halifax. The foil is pro- 
 dudtive, and the people live in eafe and? 
 plenty; but almoft half of them are Have?*- 
 
 Halifax, a CO. of the above diibitSty 
 bounded N by Northampton, S by Edg- 
 comb, E by Bertie, and W by Warren,- 
 It contains 13,563 inhabitants, of whom. 
 7020 or more than half are in flavery*' 
 Chief tow», Halifax, 
 
 Jaeiifaxy 
 
hau 
 
 HAM 
 
 H:;!}fax, the chief and pofl: town of 
 t?ie above co. is pleafantly ikuated on the 
 ■weftern bank of the Roanoke, about fix 
 miles below the falls, regularly laid out, 
 end beiide dwelling houfes, has a court 
 houfe and gaol. It is 36 miles N of Tar- 
 borough, 28 miles from Granville court 
 houfe, I47 N E of Fayetteville, 75 S by 
 W of Peterfburg, Virginia, and .383 S \V 
 by S of Philadelphia. N lat. 36 13. 
 
 Halifax, a CO. in Virginia, bordering on 
 the ftate of N. Carolina. It is about 42 
 miles long and 39 broad, and contains ' 
 11,466 free inhalutants, and 7911 flaves. [ 
 A poO: oltlce is kept at the court houie, ^ 
 414 miles from Philadelphia. ' 
 
 i7di//j,%,a townfliip in York co. Penn- 
 fylv^ania, has looo inhabitants. , 
 
 HallcivdH, a flourilhing poll town, | 
 Maine, Kennei^eck co. iituated in N lat. I 
 44 16, at the head of the tide waters on \ 
 the W lide of Xennebeck R. An academy j 
 is eftabliihed here with a coniiderable | 
 fund in lands. The court houfe is 13 j 
 miles S by W of VaiTalborough, z'^ N by 
 Wof Wifcaflet, 40 N E of New Gloucefter, 
 and 195 N by E of Bofton. Halloivell 
 Monk lies on the lame lide of' the river, 
 three miles below the town, and hve N 
 of Pittilon. The v/hole townfliip, which 
 is intcrfe(5tcd nearly in its center by Ken- 
 nebeck river, contains 1364 inhabitants. 
 
 HMoivAl T^wz'jnfc'rp, in the co. of Prince 
 £dv/ard, U. Canada, Hes at the fouthern 
 part of the co. open to lake Ontario. 
 
 Smyth. 
 
 TrLnnhnlo^ a principal afficnto, or jurif- 
 divfbionin the province of Quito, in Peru. 
 It is fituated in i 41 S lat. and \^ miles 
 W of the city of Quito ; and has 6 fmall 
 villages in its dependence. It contains 
 about 18,000 inhabitants, who are moftly 
 employed in weaving ftufls, and in 
 knitting. 
 
 Hamhur'T, a fmall pofl town of N. Jerfcy, 
 18 miles from Goflien in N. York, and 20 
 from Newtown or SufTex court houfe. 
 
 H<in?hi'.ry^ a handfome poll town in 
 Berke's co. Pennfylvania, on the V. fide 
 of Schuylkill. Here are about 50 or do 
 houfes, a German Lutheran and Calvin- 
 v\ c'xurch, united. It is 18 miles N by W 
 of Reading, and 70 N N W of Philadel- 
 phia. N. Lat. 40 34, W Ion. 76. 
 
 H.imJen, a town in Hancock co. Maine, 
 oil the W fide of Penohfcot river, oppo- 
 fitc Orington, and has Bangor on the N. 
 The river is navigable to this town for 
 veilels of any iize. It is a thriving place 
 of coniiderable trade, 3a miles northerlv 
 
 fi*om Caftine, and about 40 N E from 
 Wifcairett. 
 
 HainJcn, a townflilp in New Haven co. 
 Connedlicut, about eight miles N of New 
 Haven. It has 1482 inhabitants. 
 
 HamHtoTi, a poll: town of I'iTcx co. Maf- 
 fachufctts, 4 miles S oflpfwich, 26 N E 
 from Borton, 506 N E from Wafliington, 
 containing 749 inhabitants. 
 
 Hcrmiltop, a cape on the N end of New- 
 foundland liland. 
 
 Hamilton. There are three townfhips 
 of this name in Pennfylvania ; one in each 
 of the counties of York, Franklin, and 
 Northampton. 
 
 Ha-Mton^ a fettlement in Verniont, on 
 the Canada hne. 
 
 Hamilton, a poll town in Chenango co. 
 N. York, ao miles S of old Fort Schuyler, a 
 level townfliip of good land, fad fettling. 
 Orifke or Olhiflce creek, a water of 
 Mohawk, and Che=nung, a water of Suf- 
 riuehannah, rife in this townfhip. It has 
 2673 inhabitants. 
 
 Hamilton, a tov/n in Albany co. N. York, 
 and has its prefent name in honor of that 
 great patron of American m-inufa<5turc3, 
 Alexander Hamilton, Efq. late fecrctary 
 of tlie treifury of the United State*!. It 
 lies 10 miles W of Alb.my, 2 miles from 
 the SchenetStady road ; and is one of the 
 mofl decijive efforts of private enterprife 
 in the manufae'l:uring line, yet exhibited 
 in the United States. Theglafs manufac- 
 tory is now fo well eflabliihed, and fo 
 happily fituated for the fupply of the 
 northern and weftern pans of the ftate 
 of N. York, as well as Vermont and Can- 
 ada, that it is to be expelled the propri- 
 etors will be amply rewarded for their 
 great and expenfive exertions. The glafs 
 is in good reputation. Here are two glafs 
 houies, and various other buildings, curi- 
 ous hvdraiilic works to fave manual 
 labour, by the help of machinery. A co- 
 pious ftream runs through the heart of 
 the fettlemeiit which lies high ; and being 
 furrounded by pine plain?, the air is high- 
 ly falubrious. The great Schoharie road 
 travcrl'es the fettlement. Here are a fpa- 
 cious fchool houfe, and a church of au 
 odlagon form. In tlie neighbourhood of 
 thefe glafs work?, a block was cut out of 
 an ancient tree, not many years ago, con- 
 taining evident marks of an axe or fome 
 edge tool, made 185 years ago, determined 
 according to the ufual and certain mode 
 of afcertaining the age of trees. The 
 block is prelerved in Albany as a curiofi- 
 ty. Henry Hudfon ufceudcd the river 
 
 which 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 Vhich bears his name, as high as Albany, 
 in the autumn of 1609, 194 years ago, and 
 tiiefe marks were probal)ly made by Ibme 
 of his men. 
 
 Hamilton Ford, lies near the mouth of 
 Bullock's creek in N. Carolina. This was 
 the rout purfued by Tarleton, after his 
 defeat at Cowpens, in January, 1781. 
 
 Hamilton Bcn,2i towniliip of Adams CO. 
 Pennfylvania. On the E fide of South 
 mountain, in the W part of the town, are 
 found gold, filver, copper and iron. 
 
 Hamilton B:Jirza,'va. the ftate of Teneflee, 
 fo called in honor of Alexander Hamilton, 
 Efq. is fituated on the waters of the HoJ- 
 jfloa and Clinch ; bounded S by Teneffee 
 R. and feparated from Mero diftri'il on 
 the W by an uninhabited country. It 
 contains the counties of Knox, JelFerfon, 
 Blount, Sevier, Grainger, and Cocke, and 
 has 37,836 inhabitants, 2996 are flaves. 
 
 Harniltoriy a county in Ohio Hate, erect- 
 ed Jan. s, 1790," beginning on the bank 
 of the Ohio R. at the confluence of the 
 Little Miami ; and down the faid Ohio R. 
 to the mouth of the Big Miami, and up 
 faid Miami to the Standing Stone, Forks, 
 or bi-anch of faid river ; and thence with 
 a line to be drawn due E to the Little 
 Miami, and down faid Little Miami R. to 
 the place of beginning." It contains 
 14,69* inhabitants. 
 
 Hamilton, Fort, ftands on the E lide of 
 the Great Miami, in the ftate of Ohio ; 25 
 miles S of Fort St. Clair, and 25 N of Cin- 
 cinnati. It is a ftockaded fort, capable of 
 containing 200 men. The lituation is as 
 advantageous for defence as pleafing to 
 the eye. It is built upon a narrow neck 
 of land, commanding the Miami on the 
 N W, and a praire and llieet of water on 
 the N E, about a mile wide, and a| miles 
 long. The foil near it is rich ; and forage 
 may be obtained by repeated mowings of 
 natural grafs. 
 
 Hamilton, a port in the Bermuda Iflands. 
 
 Hamilton Toivnjhip, in the county of 
 Northumberland, U. Canada, lies to the 
 weftward of Haldimand, having lake On- 
 tario in front, and Rice lake in the rear. 
 
 Smyth. 
 
 Hammers Tozvn, in Dauphine co. Penn- 
 fylvania, 5 miles from Sufquehanna R. 
 and 85 from Philadelphia. It contains a 
 German church, and about 2,5 dwelling 
 houfes. 
 
 Hampden, a poft town, Hancock co. 
 Maine, 754 miles N E from Wafliington. 
 
 Hampden Sydney College. Scft Prime Rdr 
 ivard County, Virginia, 
 
 Vol. I, Cc 
 
 Hampjhire, an exteafive, populous and 
 w^ealthy county In Maflachufetts, made ar 
 fliire in 1662. It is in many parts moun- 
 tainous and hilly, and extends acrofs the 
 ftate from N to S 5 bounded N by the 
 ftates of N. Hampfliirc and Vermont, S by 
 the ftate of Connecticut, E by Wcrcefter 
 CO. and W by Beikfhire. It contains d'T, 
 townfliips, and 72,432 inhabitants. Its 
 principal towns lie on both fides of Con- 
 neAicut river, which interfedls it from N 
 to S. Thele are Springfield, Weft Spring- 
 field, Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield, 
 Deerfield, and Northfield. It is one of the 
 moft fertile and populous counties in the 
 ftate, and produces the necelfaries of life, 
 and fome of its luxuries in great plenty. 
 In Leveret a copper mine has been difcov- 
 ered,and black lead in feveral other places. 
 
 Hampfolre, a county in Virginia, bound- 
 ed N and N W by the Potov/mack river, 
 which divides it from the ftate of Mary- 
 land. It is about 60 miles long and 50 
 broad, and contains 7310 free inhabitants, 
 and 587 flaves. It is wxU v/atered by Po- 
 towmack and its S branch. Iron ore and 
 coals have been difcovered on the banks 
 of this river. Chief town, Romney. 
 
 HampJIead, a town in Rockingham ca 
 N. Hampfliire, about 34 miles W of Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 1749, and 
 contained, In 1775, 768 inhabitants, in 
 
 1790, 724, and in 1800, 790. 
 HampHeud, a village in Georgia, aibout 4 
 
 miles from Savannah, and about a mile 
 from another village called Highgate. The 
 inhabitants are gardeners, and fupply the 
 town with greens, pot herbs, roots, &c. 
 
 Hampton, a townfliip in Windham co. 
 Conne(Slicut, 8 miles N E of Windham. 
 Inhabitants 1379. 
 
 Hampton, Eajl, a townfhip in Hampfliire 
 CO. MaflTachufetts, S of Northampton, con- 
 taining 586 inhabitants. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1785. 
 
 Hampton, Eajl, on the E end of Long I. 
 N. York, a half fliire town of Suftblk co. 
 It has 1549 inhabitants ; and in it is 
 Clinton Academy, which in 1795 had 9a 
 ftudents. 
 
 Hampton, (Winicoiveit of the Indians) a 
 townfliip on the feacoaft of N. Hampfliire, 
 on the eaftern fide of Rockingham county. 
 It was fettled under MalTachufetts, arid 
 incorported in 1638. In 1775 it contain- 
 ed 862 inhabitants, in 1790, '^SZ-, and in 
 1800, 875. It is 12 or 14 miles S by W 
 of Portfmouth, and 8 S E of Exeter. In 
 
 1 791, a canal was cut through themarflies 
 in tliij town, wliich opens an inland nav- 
 
 igatiei^ 
 
HAlf^ 
 
 li AN' 
 
 fgatfon from Hampton through Sallfbury 
 into Merrimack river, for about 8 miles ; 
 loaded boats may pafs through it with eafe 
 and fafety 
 
 Hampton Fallsy a fmall town taken from 
 the above town, lying on the road which 
 leads from Exeter to Newburyport, fix 
 miles S E of the former, and 8 N of the 
 latter. In 1775 it contained 645, in 1790 
 541, and in 1800 519 inhabitants. It was 
 incorporated in I'jii. 
 
 Hampton^ a townfliip in the northern 
 part of Waflilagton co. N. York, having 
 fikeenfborough on the W. It has 700 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Hamptnn^ the capital of Elizabeth co. in 
 Virginia, alfo a port of entry and poft 
 town, lituated at the head of a bay which 
 runs up N frorti the mouth of James R. 
 called Hampton Road, 5 miles N W of Point 
 Comfort. It contains about 30 houfes, an 
 Epifcopal church, a court houfe and gaol. 
 The value of its exports of grain, lumber, 
 ftaves, &c. amounted to 41,997 dollars in 
 one year, ending Sept. 30, 1794. This 
 town was anciently called Kccon^hton by 
 the Indians. It is 18 miles N of Norfolk, 
 2:2 S E of York Town, 93 E S E of Rich- 
 mond, and 205 W by S of Philadelphia. 
 
 Hamjleady or Hcn?J{ead, North and Sortth, 
 in Queens co. Long Ifland, N. York, 33 
 miles E of N. York city. A poft office is 
 kept at Herrick's, in N. Kamllead. 
 Harzpad Plain. See Long IJJand. 
 Hamjisad, a town in Rockland co. N. 
 York, W of Hudfon river, between Hav- 
 erflraw on the N, and the Jerfey line S. 
 It has 1 98 1 inhabitants. 
 
 Hancoclis Harbour, Called by the Indian* 
 CUoqiiot. is ntuated about 20 leagues E S E 
 of Nootka, in N lat. 48 30, W Ion. from j 
 Greenwich 125 26. The entrance of this 
 harbour is about 5 miles in length, and ! 
 has good anchorage ; about it are fcatter- 
 ed a number of iflands, and feveral fand 
 banks or fpits. It has alio a number of 
 fine coves. The land round the harbour 
 js generally uneven, rocky and mountain- 
 ous ; covered however with pine, fir, 
 fpriice, cedar, hemlock, cyprefs and other 
 trees of a remarkable fize. The climate 
 here is much milder than in the fame lat- 
 itude on the caflrern fide of the continent ; 
 the frofl: in winter being fcidom fo fevere 
 SIS to prevent vegetation. An eafterly 
 wind is confidered here as a prognoftic of 
 a ftorm, and W winds bring fair weather. 
 Beer, racoons, wolves, bears, fquirrels, 
 martins, land otters, beaver and wild cats 
 
 are tke anira;j8 which ijaU^bil; ^% f&r^As- 
 
 . The amphibious animals are the coiliirto^ 
 i feal, and the fea otter. The llcin of xh»^ 
 \ latter is very valuable. The inhabitantf-' 
 I are laid to be cannibals. 1 his and other- 
 places of the fame name have their ap- 
 pellation in honor of the late Governor 
 Hancock, of Maflachufetts. 
 
 Hancock, a river of V/ailiington ifland, 
 ontheNW coaltofN. America, called 
 Mafceet by the Indians, difcovcred by 
 Captain Crowell in 1791. It empties- 
 into the fea from the N end of the largefl 
 iiland. At its mouth it is nearly 2 and 
 an half nautical miles wide ; and a confid- 
 erable li?.e 10 miles up. It has at its 
 mouth five fathoms water, gradually in- 
 creafing in breadth ; and for 7 J miles up, 
 to Goofe Ifland, has i:ot lefs'than 10 
 fathoms. Captain Ir^graham examined 
 it about 12 miles ; but by the information* 
 of the natives, he judged that it commu- 
 nicates with Skitikifs Bay, or near it, ort 
 the E fide of the iliands. ' It is by far the 
 moll eligible for a new fettlement, of any 
 place the Captain had feen on the coaft. 
 The land is low and apparently very fer- 
 tile : and the river abounds with falmon. 
 Were a good houfe created on fome of the 
 pleafant fpots, it would have every ap- 
 pearance of being long fettled. Beautiful 
 bullies and grafs occupy the fkirts of the 
 woods. The mouth of the river Is in N 
 lat. 54 7, W Ion. 131 54. 
 
 Hancock, a townfliip in Addifon co. Ver- 
 mont. It has 149 inhabitants. 
 
 Hancock, a large maritime co. Alalnej 
 bounded N by L. Canada, S by the ocean,. 
 E by Wafiilngton co. and W by Lincoln- 
 and Kennebeck ct-unties. It is 190 miler 
 long from N to S, and nearly 60 broad, in- 
 terfecSled by Penobfcot river. It contain* 
 the following tov/niliips,belide 15 planta- 
 tions ; towns E fide Penobfcot R. Caf- 
 tine. Blue Hiil, Buckflown, Eden, Mount 
 Defert, GoJdfboi-o', Penobfcot; Orrington, 
 SedgAvick, Sullivan, Trenton, Ellfworth, 
 Orland ; towns W fide Penobfcot R. Bel- 
 fafl, Bangor, Canaan, Frankfort, Hamp- 
 den, Northport, Profpecl, Surry ; Iflands 
 in the bay, Illelhoro, Deer Ifle, Vinalha- 
 ven. The number of inhabitants is 16,316. 
 It is remarkably well watered by Penob- 
 fcot river and its branches, Union river, 
 and other fmaller Itreams. The northern 
 part of the county fends its waters in one 
 ftream from numerous branches, in a N E 
 courfc to St. John's river. On the fca- 
 coaft are many harbours and inlets, hid by 
 a multitude of fertile iflands ; the largefi: 
 of tli^Xe io a S W dire^^cn from Goldf- 
 
H A1^ 
 
 tHAN 
 
 ?^crough, are Mount Defart, Swan 'Ifles, 
 . Vinalhaven, Haut Ifle, Deer, and Iflefbor- 
 Gugh ; all fituated in Peuobfcot Bay. 
 iGreat part of the county is yet unfettled. 
 "I'he towns along the feaccaft, and on the 
 •banks of Penobl'cot and Union rivers, are 
 -the moft fertile and populous, Caftine is 
 the fliire town. See Miuns and Penubfcot. 
 
 Hancock, ( now Clinton, ) a town in 
 Kennebeck go. Maine, emboi-omed bythe 
 Kennebeck and Scbaflicook rivers. 
 
 Hancock, a townfliip in Killfborough co. 
 1»J. Hampfliire, fituated between two weft- 
 -■firn branches of Contoocoock river, 14 
 miles E of Keeiie, and between 60 and 70 
 W by S of Portfmouth. It was incorpo- 
 .3ratedi779, and contains iiao inhabitants. 
 
 Hancock, a long, narrow and mountain- 
 ous townfliip on the N. York line, in 
 Berkfliire co. Maflachufetts, having on 
 )the E Lanelborough, and Pittsfieid S E. It 
 was incorporated in 1776, has 1187 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Hancock, a fmall pofl: town of Maylr.nd, 
 in Wafliington co. on the N bank of Pa- 
 towmack river, between Conclowy and 
 L-ittle Conolowy creeks, about 25 miles S 
 E of Bedford in Penufylvania, and 119 N 
 AV of Baltimore. 
 
 Hancock, a CO. in the irpper diftricl of 
 Ceorgia. It contains 14,456 inhabitants, 
 ^f whom 4835 are flaves. 
 
 Hannah Bay Hoiife, a faclory of the 
 Hudfon's Bay Company, at the S -end of 
 James' Bay in N. America.and on tlie eaft- 
 ern fide of Harricanaw river, a^ mil.3s E 
 by S of MooCe Fort, aiid 18 below a houfu 
 on the fame river. 
 
 Hannah^s Toivn, in Weflmoreland co. 
 Pennfylvania, 4 miles N N E of Greenf- 
 burg, and on the road . rom Bedford to 
 Pittfburg ; 54 miles N W by W of the 
 former, and 26 E of the latter. 
 
 Hannibal, a military townllnp in N. 
 York, on lake Ontario, 10 miles S by W 
 of Fort Ofwego. 
 
 Hanover, a bay in the fea of Honduras, 
 on theE fide of the peninlula of Yucatan, 
 from which it receives the waters of the 
 Rio Honde. The tracSt of land between 
 the river Konde and the Balize was ceded 
 by the Spanifli king to the king of G. Brit- 
 ain, at the peace of 1783, for the purpofe 
 of cutting and carrying away logwood. 
 Sec Bahia de Chctii?nal. 
 
 Hu.o'ver, a townfliip in Luzerne co. 
 Penufylvania. Alio a townfliip in Wafli- 
 ington CO. E. and W. Hanover, are two 
 townflups in Dauphiue county io the ' 
 fame Hate. 
 
 Hansver, or M'Mifler''s ^cum, a poft 
 town in York co. Penufylvania, betweea 
 Cadorus creek, and a branch of Littls 
 Conewago, which falls into the Sufque- 
 hanna. It contains about 160 dwelling 
 houfes, a German Lutheran and German 
 Calviaifl: church. It is 7 m.ilcs N tf the 
 Maryland line, 18 miles S W of York, 
 and 106 W by S of Philadelphia. 
 
 Hamver, a port town in Plymouth co. 
 Maflachufetts, 25 miles S E of Boftcn ; 
 was incorporated in 1727 aad contain* 
 95 8 inhabitants. 
 
 Hano-ver, a poft tov n of N. Hampfliire, 
 fituated ^M\ the E lide of Connedicut 
 river in Grafton co. Dartmmtth CoUegf, in 
 this town, is fituated on a beautiful plain, 
 about half a mile from the river, in 43 43 
 N iat. and in 72 14 W Ion. from Green- 
 wich. It derives its name from William, 
 Earl of Dartmouth, one of its principal 
 benefactors, and was founded in the year 
 1769 by the late Dr. Elcazer Whcelock. 
 The funds of the a^lk!.>;e coniift chiefly of I 
 
 lands, amounting to about 8o,oco acres, \ 
 
 wiiichar-e increafnig in value in proportion 
 to the growth of the country ; lico acre* 
 liec(mtiguous to the college ; andare capa- 
 ble of the befl: improvement ; la.cco lie 
 in Vermont. A tra(!l: of 8 miles fquare 
 was granted by llie afiembly of N. Hamp- 
 fliire in 1789. The revenue of the col- 
 lege, arifmg from the knds, '\n 1793, 
 amounted annually to £.'i-^o. By con- 
 tracts then m.ade, they would amouat, m 
 4 years after tO;i^.450 ; and in 12 years to 
 jT.Ojo. The income from tuition is about 
 £'600 per anmun. The number of under 
 graduates is, on an average, from 130 to 
 180. A grammar fchool of about 50 or 
 60 fcholars is annexed to the college. 
 I'he fl:udents are under the immediate gov- 
 ernment and iutlrucSlion of a prefident, 
 who is alfo profelTor of hiflory, a prcfei- 
 for of mathematics and natural philolb- 
 phy, a profeflbr of languages, and a pro- 
 felfor of medicine and chemiftry, and 
 one tutor. The college is furnifiied with 
 a handfame library, and a pliilofophical 
 apparatus, tolerably complete. A new- 
 college edifice of wood, 150 by 50 feet, 
 and three (lories high, was ered;ed in 
 1786, containing 36 rooms for Hudents, 
 Its fituation is elevated, healthful and 
 pleafant, commanding an extenfive prof- 
 pe6t to the W. There are three other 
 public buildings, belonging to the college, 
 and a handfome congregational meeting 
 houfe has lately been eietTted, in which, 
 the coinmenceinent exercifes are exnibr . 
 
 ited. 
 
MAI 
 
 HA It 
 
 itcd. It, has 19 1 z inhabitants. It is 32 
 miles N of Charlefto->vu, 115 N W by W of 
 Portfinoulh, 138 N W of BoHon, 378 N E 
 by N of Philadelphia, and 541 N E from 
 Wailiington. 
 
 Hanover f a townfiiip in Morris co. N. 
 Jerfey. In a ridge of hills in this townfliip 
 are a number of wells, 40 miles from the 
 fea in a ftra'ght line, which regularly ebb 
 and flow about 6 feet twice in every 24 
 hours. It is about 16 miles N W of Eliza- 
 beth Town, and joins upon Morriftown. 
 Hano'usr^ a co.of Vii-ginia, lying between 
 Pamunky and Chi cka hominy rivers. Its 
 length is about 48 miles and its breadth 
 iis ; and contains 6 zii free inhabitants, 
 and 8:92 flaves. It abounds with lime- 
 flone. 
 
 Hanover, a fmall poft town of Virginia, 
 of the above co. on the W hde of the 
 Pamunky. It is 6 miles from New Caftle, 
 5,z N E by E of Richmond, and no N N 
 W of Wallxington city. 
 
 Hantsy a CO. of Nova Scotia, beginning 
 about 30 miles from Halifax, contains the 
 townflilps of Windfor, Falmouth, and 
 Kewport ; feveral valuable traifls remain 
 imfettlcd. The road from Halifax runs 
 part of the way between Windfor and 
 Newport, and has fettlements on it at 
 fmall diftances. The county is about 20 
 miles fquare, and is well watered. The 
 rivers St. Croix, Kenetcoot, and Cocmi- 
 guen empty into the Avon, and are all nav^- 
 igable except the lafl;. The Cacaguet and 
 Cobeguit are navigable 40 miles for vef- 
 els of 60 tons. 
 
 Hiipaec, four fmall idands among the 
 Priendly Ifles, in the S. Sea. 
 
 Hardin^ a CO. in the fiate of Kentucky, 
 bounded N E by Wafliington and Lin- 
 coln, N W and W by Nelfon and Greene, 
 and S E by Logan counties. It contains 
 3597in]iabitants, 310 being Haves. At the 
 court houfe is a poil ofiice, 659 miles W 
 by S from Wafliington. 
 
 Hardivick, a tov/nfaip in Caledonia co. 
 in Vermont, having 260 inhabitants. 
 
 H(\rdivich, a town (hip in Worcclter co. 
 Mafl'achufetts, 25 miles N Vv'' of Worcef- 
 ter,' and 70 S VV of Bofton. It is feparatcd 
 from New Bralntree and Ware by Ware j 
 river. There are within this town 245 
 houfes, 1727 inhabitants. 
 
 Hard-zvkk, a townfliip in SufTex co. N. 
 Jerfey, to miles S W of Newton. 
 
 Hardiuick, a fmall tovv'n of Georgia, at } 
 the mouth of Ogeeche river, and about 18 
 miles S by W of Savauuah. It is a port of 
 entry. 
 
 Hardy, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N by 
 Hampiliire. It is about 60 miles long, 
 and 40 in breadth, and contains 6004 
 free inhabitants, and 6%2, Haves. Chief 
 town, Moorfield. 
 
 Hardyjliiivn, a townfliip in SufTex co. N. 
 Jerfey, containing in 1790, 2393 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Hare Bay, a large bay on the E ccafl of 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 Hare Indians, inhabit near M'Kenzie's 
 river in the N V/ part of N. America. 
 
 Harford Co. in Aiaryland, is bounded 
 N by York co. Pennfylvania ; E by Suf- 
 qaehanna river and Chefapeak Bay. 
 The chief waters within the county are 
 Bulli river and Deer creek ; on which ai e 
 16 mills of difl'erent kinds. On the former 
 and its branches are the towns of Har- 
 ford, Abiiigton, Coopftown, and Belle Air. 
 The other towns are Havre de Grafs at 
 the mouth of Sufquehanna, and Joppa 
 below the forks of Gunpowder. It con- 
 tains 17,626 inhabitants, including 4264 
 flaves. Chief town, Belle Air. 
 
 Harford, a poil town in Harford co. 
 Maryland, lies at the head of the tide wa- 
 ! ters of Bufli river, between Bin am s and 
 James's runs ; the former feparating it 
 from Abington. It has few houfes, and 
 is falling to decay fince the courts of juf- 
 tice have been removed to Belle Air. It 
 is 9 miles S E of Belle Air, and 25 N E 
 by E of Baltimore. 
 
 Harlem, a townfliip in Kennebeck co. 
 Maine, incorporated in 1796. It was 
 formerly called Jones's Plantation. It is 19 
 miles N E of Hallowell, 47 from Pownal- 
 borough, and 213 N E by N of Bofton, 
 aiid has 262 inhabitants. 
 
 Harlem, idr E. River, a river which con- 
 necfls L. Ifland Sound with Hudfon river, 
 and forms York Ifiand. 
 
 Harlem, a divificn of N. York co. in the 
 nortliern part of York Ifland, which con- 
 tained in 1790, 803 inhabitants. The 
 village of its name (lands 9 miles north- 
 erly of N. York city, and 4 S W of W. 
 Chefler, oppolite to the W end of Hell 
 Gaie. 
 
 Harmans Station, in Kentucky, is a fort 
 on the E hdc of the W branch of Big 
 Sandy river. On the oppofite fide of this 
 branch is the Great Salt Spring. Har» 
 man's Station is about 20 miles S of Van- 
 couver's fort. 
 
 Harmar, a well conflrudled fort in the 
 
 N. W. Territory, htuated at the mouth of 
 
 the Mufkingum. It had in 1796,5 baf- 
 
 tions, and 3 cannon mounted, and was 
 
 garrifoned. 
 
HAR 
 
 garrifoned ]>y 4 companies. It is con- 
 veniently fituated to reinforce any of the 
 pofts up or down the river Ohio. The 
 place is remarkably healthy. 
 
 Harmony^ a townfliip in Kennebeck co. 
 near Cornville ; incorporated 1 803. 
 
 Harmony, a village in Luzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania, clofe on the line of N. York 
 on the N fide of Starucca creek, a water 
 of the E branch of Sufquehanna river. 
 Between this and Stockport on Delaware 
 river, diilant 18 milesE S E, there is aport- 
 age. It is about 1 40 miles N by W of 
 Philadelphia, and 130 N W of N. York- 
 N.lat.41 58. 
 
 Harpdtfj, a fmall boatable river in Ten- 
 eflee, which, after a N N W courfe of 
 about 40 miles, falls into Cumberland 
 river, 19 miles N W of Nafliville. 
 
 Harpers Ferry^ Berkley CO. Virginia. 
 Here is a poft office, 6^ miles from Wafh-- 
 ington. Here is alfo an armoury belong- 
 ing to the United States, at which muf- 
 kets and bayonets are mannfavElured. 
 
 Harpcrsficldy a poft town in Delav/are 
 CO. in N. York, bounded S W by Unadilla 
 townflxip, and 32 miles S E of Cooperf- 
 town. Through this town runs the great 
 pofl: road from Hudfon to Williamf]:urgb, 
 62 miles W of Hudfon city. It contains 
 1013 inhabitants. 
 
 HarpL', or Marphy a townfliip in Dela- 
 ware CO. Pennfylvania, has 761 inhabitants. 
 Harpfzvdl., a townlhip in Cumberland 
 CO. Maine, incorporated in 1758, and con- 
 tains 1049 inhabitants. It is bounded eaft- 
 crly by Georgetown ; from which it is fep- 
 arated by a navigable river. The people 
 liere have opened a communication by a 
 canal between the waters of Kennebeck 
 river and thofe of Cafco Bay, through the 
 arm of tiie fea called Stevens's river. The 
 point called Merryconeag, projeiSting 
 itfelf into the bay together with the iil- 
 and Sebafcodeagan, and feveral other 
 fmall iflands, are incorporated and form 
 this townfliip. The waters round this 
 ifland extend to within two miles of the 
 waters of the Kennebeck, and thus form 
 what is called Small Point. 
 
 Harrington, a town in Wafliington co. 
 
 Maine, at the head of Narraguagus bay. 
 
 It has 298 inhabitants. SeeN'ar/aguagTis. 
 
 Harrington^ a townfliip in Eergen co. 
 
 N. Jerfey. 
 
 Harrifourg, originally Louijburgh, a pofl: 
 town, and the capital of Dauphine co. 
 Pennfylvania, is fituated on the N E bank 
 of Sufquehanna river. It is laid out reg- 
 ularly, and contains about 400 houfes ; of 
 
 HAR. 
 
 : which feveral are neat and convenient 5 
 fome of brick and others of ftone ; a fton© 
 gaol, a German church, and a court houfe. 
 The court houfe is 91 feet in front, and 
 50 feet deep, with a cupola and bell, im- 
 menfe quantities of lum.ber are annually 
 brought here from the country above, 
 and there are conliderable quantities of 
 leather, hats, and nails manutaclured. It 
 has 1472 inhabitants, and is 107 miles W 
 N W of Philadelphia, 53 W S W of Read- 
 ing, and 17 E N E 01 Carlille. N lat, 
 40 16. 
 
 Harrifcn, a townfliip in W. Chefier co, 
 N.York, containing 856 inhabitants. 
 
 Harrijln, a co. in the weltern part of 
 Virginia, bounded N by Ohio co. N E by 
 jMonongalia, S by Greenbriar, and S W by 
 Kenhawa. Its length is about 120 railea, 
 its breadth 80 ; and the number of inhab- 
 itants 4603 free and 345 Haves. Chief 
 town, Clarkfburg. 
 
 Harrifcn, a CO. in the N E part of 
 the ftate of Kentucky, N of Bourbon- 
 It is well watered by the S. fork of Lick- 
 ing and feveral other ftreams. It con- 
 tains 4263 inhabitants. Cliicf town, 
 Cynthiana, 
 
 Harrifonbwgh. See Rockingham. 
 
 Harroajijurg, or Harrodjlo^v/iy a pofl: 
 town in Mercer co. Kentuckv,^ at the 
 head of Salt river, which contaans about 
 20 houfes, and is 10 miles S W of Danvil- 
 le, 30 S by W of Frankfort, and 825 S W 
 pf Philadelphia. 
 
 Harjlns IJland, near the entrance of the 
 river, St. Clair, ' in lake St. Clair, E of 
 Thompfon's Ifland ; it contains 300 acre* 
 of land fit for culture ; the other parts 
 pf it are meadow and marlii. 
 
 Hartford, a townfliip in Windfor co. 
 Vermont, on Connetflicut river, oppofite 
 the town of Lebanon, in N. Hampfliire. 
 It contains 1594 inhabitants. 
 
 Hartford, a pofl: town, in Ontario co. on 
 the E bank of Geneflee river, N. York, 40 
 miles W of Geneva, and 67 S E by E of 
 Fort Niagara, has ^-^^s inhabitants. 
 
 Hartford, a town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, bounded by Livermore on the E, 
 and Sumner on the W, has 243 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Hartford, a fertile and populous, though 
 hilly CO- in ConnecSlicut, bounded N by the 
 ftate of MafTachufetts ; S by part of Mid- 
 dlefex and N. Haven counties ; E by Tol- 
 land, and W by Litchfield co. It is about 
 34 miles from N to S, and its greateft 
 breadth from E to W is 30 miles. It i» 
 divided into 15 townfhips, and contains 
 
 42,147 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 |pt,T47 inhabitants. Chief town, Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 Hartford C'Uy , the capital of Connecti- 
 cut, lle^ on the W bank of ConnecTticut 
 river, in the county and tcwnfliip of its 
 own name, 50 miles northwefteriy from 
 the mouth of t lie river, at Saybrook Bar, 
 in L. Ifland Sound ; and thus far the tide 
 flows. I'he townfliip is 6 miles fquare, 
 bounded N by Windibr, N £ by E. Wind- 
 for, W by F.irmuigton, E by E. Hartford, 
 S E by Glaflonbury and S by Wethersfieid. 
 The town is divided by a fniall llream call- 
 ed Little R. with hi^i romantic banks,over 
 •which is a bridge conne<£linT the two dlvi- 
 fionsof the town. The city is regularly laid 
 out, the flreets interiecling each other at 
 right angles. Its buildings are an elegant 
 ftatehoufe, 2 churches for Congregational- 
 iftsji for Epifcopallans, andbetween 4 and 
 500 dwelling houfes ; a number of which 
 are handfomely built with brick. The 
 number of inhabitants are 5347. A bank 
 •was incorporated in 1797, v/ith 100,000 
 dollars capital, number of fhares 250. 
 The corporation liave the power to 
 extend their capital to 500,000 dollars. A 
 woollen nianufadlory was eftablifhed here 
 and encouraged by tlie ftate, but has not 
 fucceeded. The town is advantageoufly 
 Situated for trade, has a fine back coun- 
 try, enters largely into the mannfacSturing 
 bufinefs, and is a rich, flourilbing, com- 
 mercial town. It was firft fettled in the 
 year 1636, by Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hook- 
 er, who, with their adherents, removed 
 from MaiTachufetts. The Dutch had 
 then a trading hcufe at the confluence of 
 Mill and Conne6licut rivers. They foon 
 relinqui filed the fettlement, and their 
 lands were confifcated by a commlflion 
 from the Commonwealth of England in 
 1.6s ^' A point of land, •which formed 
 part of their pofleflions, is liill called 
 Dutch Point. It is 40 miles N E bv N of 
 N. Haven, 55 N W of N. London,' 124 S 
 \V of Bofton, 128 N E of N. York, 223 N 
 B of Philadelphia, 502 from Richmond, 
 376 from Wafliington city, 1044 from 
 Augufla, and 1018 from Frankfort in 
 Kentucky. N lat. 41 44, W Ion. 72 50. 
 
 Hartford^ a CO. of Maryland. See Har- 
 ford. 
 
 Hartford, a pofl town, Ohio co. Kentuc- 
 ky, 736 miles from Wafliington, has 56 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Hartland, a townfhlp of ConnecfV.icut, 
 the N eafternmofl in Litchfield co. It has 
 f3i8 inhabitants. 
 
 Hmilandj a pofl towm in Wmdfer co. 
 
 Vermont, on the W bank of Conne<!kic* 
 river, 1 1 miles below the 15 mile Falli, 
 has 1 960 inhabitants. 
 
 Harvard, a townfliip in the eailern part 
 of Worcefler co. Malfachufct .3, 23 mile* 
 N E of V/orcefter, and zs N W of Bofton. 
 It v/as incorporated in 1 732, by this name, 
 in honor of the founder of Harvard Uni- 
 rerflty in Cambridge. It has 1400 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Harvard Uriverfty. See Camlndge. 
 
 Harnv'tch^ a port town on Cape Cod, in 
 Barnftable co. Maffachufetts, lying be- 
 tween Yarmouth and Chatham, about 88 
 miles SE of Boflon, containing 28," 7 inhab- 
 itant*. It extends quite acrofs the cape, 
 which 1; here about 6 miles over. Their 
 marine bulincfs lies chieily in the fifliery. 
 The remains of the Indians of this town- 
 fliip are only 6 or 7 fouls, 'i'hey live at 
 Potanumaquut, 
 
 Har%vichj a townfliip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, containing 153 inhabitants, 
 watered by Otter creek and one of it« 
 branches. 
 
 Kar-ivington, a poll" town of Conne<£i:i- 
 cut, in liltchfield co. 8 miles E of Litch- 
 field, and 24 W by N of Hartford. It hai 
 1 43 1 inhabitants. 
 
 Harivich Tctvnfi'tp, in the wefldtn dif- 
 tri(^, U. Canada, lies to the W of How- 
 ard, having lake Erie on the S, and the 
 river Thames on the N. 
 
 Hafings Co. In U, Canada, is bounded 
 on the E by the county of Lenox ; on the 
 S by the bay of Quinte, until it meets % 
 boundary on the eafternmoft Ihore of the 
 river Trent ; thence along that river un- 
 til it Interfedls the rear of the ninth con- 
 ccfTion ; thence by a line running N i6* 
 W , until it interfe<£ls the Ottawa or Grand 
 river, thence defcending the faid river 
 until it meets the N weftcrnmofl: boundary 
 of the county of Addington. The coun- 
 ty comprehends all the iflands near it, in 
 the bay of Quinte and river Trent. The 
 greater part of the county fronts the bay 
 of Qnint-e. Smyth, 
 
 Hatborough^or Hatfeld, a town in Mont- 
 gomery CO. Pcnnfyh ania, on the N E fide 
 of Pannepack creek, which runs into Dd- 
 .nware R. about 5 miles above Frankfort. 
 It contains about 20 houfes, and has a li- 
 brary of more than 1000 volumes, and 
 520 inhabitants. 
 
 Hatcha Cones. See Pearl River. 
 
 Haichl. ?>ce Pearl River. 
 
 Hatcky, a navigable river in the ftate of 
 TenefTee, runs wefterly^into the MilTifippij 
 about 19 miles N of Wolf river, and is a- 
 
 boDt 
 
UAV 
 
 HAV 
 
 iout 80 yards wide 7 miles from its mouth. 
 
 Hatfieldy a very plcafant town in Hamp- 
 Diire CO. Maffachufects, fituated on the 
 W bank of a be;id of ConnetSiJcui; river, 
 where it is 80 rods wide, 5 miles N of 
 Northampton, and ico W of Bofion. It 
 lies chiefly on one ftrcet, and contains 
 103"" houfee, and S09 inhabitants. Here 
 are two ferries on Connecticut riv^er ; the 
 one to Hadiey, tjie other to Amhcrft. N 
 of th'e ferry to Amherft, tSe river meets 
 with a bed of rocks, which leiTens its 
 breadth ?,o or 30 rods ; no fail, bat a 
 large eddy at/hij^h water. 
 
 Hidlcy, a towniliip in L. Canada, hav- 
 ing Stanllead S,\the northern fork of L. 
 Memphreraagog W, and Afcot N ; con- 
 taining abouc 300 fouls. Lake Tome-fobi 
 is in tiiis tovvnlhip. 
 
 Hattzras^ is the moft remarkable and 
 <langerous cape on the coaft of N. Amer- 
 ica. This point exlcads far into the 
 ocean, from the coafi: of N. Carolina, in 
 35 15 N lat. The water is very flioal at 
 a great diftance from the cape, Avhich is 
 remarkable for fndden fqualls of wind, 
 and for tlie moft fevere ftoims of thunder, 
 lightning and rain, which happen almofi: 
 every day, during one half the year. At 
 the time of Sir Walter Raleigh's approach- 
 ing this coaft, the flioais in tlie vicinity of 
 Hatteras were found fo dangerous, fo ex- 
 tenfive, and fo fliallow, many of them 
 covered with not more than 5 or 6 feet 
 -^^-ater, that no veflels, in that latitude, 
 ventured within 7 leagues of, the land. 
 At prefent the out il^.oals, which lie about 
 14 miles S W of the cape, are but of 5 or 
 6 acres extent, and where they are really 
 dangerous to velTcls of moderate draught, 
 not above half that extent. On the flioal- 
 €ft part of thefc is about 10 feet at low 
 •water ; and here, at times, the ocean 
 breaks in a tremendous manner, fpouting, 
 as it were, to the clouds, from the violent 
 agitation of the Gulf Stream, which 
 touches the eaftern edge of the banks, 
 from which the declivity is fuddcn, that 
 is to fay, from 10 fathoms to no found- 
 ings. On the fpot abovem.entioned, which 
 is firm fand, it has been the lot of many. 
 a good vcflel to ftrike, in a gale of wind, 
 and go to pieces. In moderate weather, 
 however, thefe fhoals may be pafled over, 
 if neceflary, at full tide, without much 
 danger, by veflTcls not drawing more than 
 8, 9, or 10 feet water. From this bank, 
 formerly of vaft extent, and called the 
 Full Moon Sboal, a ridge runs the whole 
 iift^Boe to tkc cape about a N Wcoyrie, 
 
 is about half a mile wide, and at low wa^ 
 ter has generally 10, 1 i,and 12 feet waterv 
 There are gaps at equal intervals, af- 
 fording cliannels of about 15 or 16 feet 
 water. The moft noted of thefe is about 
 a mile and a half from the land, and is at 
 leaft two miles and a half wide, and mi^ht 
 at full fea be fafcly pafled by the largeft 
 flilps ; but is rarely uftd except by coaft- 
 ing vefiels. It may be eafily known by 
 a range of breakers always feen on the 
 W fide, and a breaker head or two on 
 the eaftern fide ; which, however are not 
 fo confiant, only appearing when the fea 
 is confiderably agitated. A little N of 
 thf; cape is good anchoring in 4 or 5 
 fathoms ; and with tlie wind to the weft- 
 ward, a boat may land in fafety, and even 
 bring off ca/ks of frcfli v/ater, plenty of 
 which is to be found every where on the 
 beach, by digging a foot or two, and put- 
 ting a barrel into the fand. 
 
 Hattons Ford, on Tugelo river, a villa o-e 
 16 miles from Pendleton court houfe, is 
 S. Carolina, and 1 7 from Franklin court- 
 houfe, in Georgia. 
 
 Haut Tjle, or Tp of Holt, is the fouth- 
 ernmoft of the large iflands in Penobfcot 
 bay, in Lincoln co. Maine. 
 
 Havannahy a flrongly fortified fea port 
 town, on the northern fide of the iiland 
 of Cuba, capital of the iHand, 191 mi"le» 
 almoft direolly S of Cape Florida, and 
 confequently commands the gulf of that 
 name. Its great ftrength, importance, 
 and happy fituation, oecaiion it to be 
 called the key of the W. Indies. It is fa- 
 mous for its harbour, which is fo laro-e 
 that it may hold icoo veffels, and yet the 
 mouth is fo narrow that only one fiiiiy 
 can enter at a time. This is the place 
 where all the fliips that come from the 
 Spaniili iettlcmtnts rendezvous on their 
 return to Spain. The entrance into the 
 harbour is well defended by forts and 
 platforms of great guns. The tov/n, fit- 
 uated on the weft fide of the harbour, 
 contains above 2000 houfes, witli a great 
 number of rich churciies and convents 
 It is a place of great commerce ; the rcfi- 
 dence of the governor of the iHand, and 
 other royal officers, the biibop of St. Jago^ 
 and moft men of fortune belonging to the 
 ifiand. It was taken by the Eritifli m. 
 176a, but reftored to the Spaniards by 
 the treaty of peace in 1763. It is 30, 
 miles W of the town of Santa Cruz, and 
 54 n\ilcs from Cape Sed. N lat. 23 ii, 
 W Ion, 8a 13. 
 
 ^Bverfofd^ a townfljip in Delaware CO. 
 Fennfylvi^a, 
 
HAV 
 
 H A Y 
 
 l*eK>nfyh'ania, has 605 inhabltahts. 
 
 Hovcrhlll^ A pofl town of N. Hampfliire, 
 and half Oiire town of Grafton co. fitu- 
 atcd on tl)e E fide of ConnetTcicut river, 
 in Lower Coos. It has between 40 and 
 50 compaia: hoiifcs, a well conftructed 
 court houfe, and a congregational church. 
 This town was incorporated in 1765, and 
 \ contains 805 inhabitants. In it is a bed 
 of iroai ore, which has yielded fome proiit 
 ics the prtjprietor, aUb a quarry of frec- 
 I'lone, lit for hearths and cliimney pieces^ 
 It has alfo a fullinfj; mill, an oil mill, and 
 many other excellent mill ieats. It is 
 oppofite to Newbury in Vermont, 35 
 iniles above Dartmouth college, 119 miles 
 K W of Portfmouth. 
 
 Ha'verh'dl^ a handfome poH: town of 
 ivIafTachufetts, in EiTcx co. lituated on a 
 declivity on the N fide of Merrimack 
 river, acrofs which is an elegant bridge^ 
 conneAing this town with Bradford, 650 
 feet long and 34 wide. It has 3 arches, 
 of 180 feet each, fupported by 3 hand- 
 fome flone piers, 40 feet fquare ; alfo a 
 draw of 30 feet, over the channel of the 
 riven Haverhill has a confiderable in- 
 land trade, lying about 32. miles N by W 
 of Bofton, and is n^iies from Newbury- 
 port, at the mouth of the river, and about 
 28 S W of Portfmouth. It lies chiefiy 
 upon two ftreets ; the principal of which 
 runs parallel with the river. Veflels of 
 100 tons burden can go up to it. Trav- 
 ellers are ftrucic wiili the pleafantnefs of 
 the fituation ; and a number of neat and 
 •well finiflied houl'es give it an air of ele- 
 gance. Flerc are 3 diftillerie?, one of 
 •which has lately undergone a laudable 
 tranfmutation into a brewery. Some 
 vefTels are annually built here, and fev- 
 eral are employed in the W. India trade. 
 A manufaAory of failcloth was begun 
 here in 1789, and is faid to be in a prom- 
 jfing way. The trade of the place, how- 
 ever, is confiderably lefs than before the 
 revolution. The whole townfliip con- 
 tains 330 houfes, 2730 inhabitants, and 
 4 meeting houfes, i for Baptifts.. and 3 for 
 Congregationalifts. 
 
 Havcrjlraiu Bay, in Hudfon rivet, 38 
 miles above N. York city, fpreads S of 
 Stony point, andbefore the townof itsown 
 name, is 10 miles long and about 3 wide. 
 
 Haverjlraiv, a townfnip in Rockland 
 CO. N. York, on the W fide of the above 
 bay, 2,5 miles Nof N. York city. It con- 
 tains 1233 inhabitants. 
 
 Ha-vre ch: Grace ^ or Gras, a poft town 
 
 siiid port of entry m Harford co. Mary- 
 
 land, on the Wfide of Siif:;uehnnna river, 
 at its mouth in Chcfapeak bay. It con- 
 tains about 40 houfes, 250 inhabitants, 
 and is the port of entry for ail the fliores 
 of Chefapeak bay above Turkey point. 
 It is 6 miles W by S of Charkfton in Ce- 
 cil countv, 37 N E of Baltimore, and (>$ 
 W S W of Philadelphia. N lat. 39 39. 
 
 Ilazvj a water of Cape Fear, which 
 unites with Deep river. It may be ren- 
 dered navigable for 50 miles. See Saxw 
 pahanv Rivsr. 
 
 Ilaivld, a townfhip in Pvockingham co. 
 N. Hampfliire, was incorporated in 1 760, 
 and contains 389 inhabitants. 
 
 Hatvicjli/ry Toiviijkip, in the county of 
 Glengary, U. Canada, lies on the Ottawa 
 river, adjoining 1^. Canada. 
 
 Hawkins, a county in Wafhington dif- 
 trict, Tenefiee, having 6563 inhabitants, 
 inclufive of 811 flaves. Chief town, Rog- 
 erfville. It is bounded N by Virginia, E 
 by Wafliington and Sullivan counties. 
 It is watered by the Holflon and Clinch 
 rivers. 
 
 Hanvlins Court Houfe, in Teneflee, is 25 
 miles from Freeflone Gap, 72 from Abing- 
 don, and 178 from Danville in Kentucky, 
 Here is a poft ofHce. 
 
 HaivVs Bay, on the coaft of W. Florida, 
 v^eftward of the mouth of Mobile bay, is 
 between Pelican and Dauphin illands. 
 There is a broad channel of 11 and iz 
 feet water, afterwards fafe anchorage in 4 
 fathoms, good holding ground, and fliel- 
 tercd from mod winds ; on which account 
 it is very convenient for fmall veflels. 
 
 Haiuke's Harbour, is an arm of Igorna- 
 choix bay, Newfoundland Ifland. 
 
 Haivley, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 Maffachufetts, 120 miles W of Bofton. 
 It has 878 inhabitants. It is about 2a 
 miles N W of Northampton. 
 
 Haiv River, Orange co. N. Carolina. 
 Here is a poft office, 330 miles from Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 Haitftill Mills, Shenandoah co. Vir- 
 ginia, where is a poft oiiice, 150 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Haycocks, a fmall ifle in Delaware river, 
 about 7 miles below Eafton, in North- 
 ampton CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 ■ Haye's Ifland, a fma'l ifland of New 
 South Wales formed by the rivers Nelfoa 
 and Hayes. At the mouth of Nelfon R . 
 ftands Fort York ; which, as well as Nel- 
 fon R. is called Bourbon by the French. 
 
 Haymarket, Prince William CO. Virginia. 
 Here is a poft oiTice, 38 miles from Wafli- 
 ington, ,, 
 Haywoodjborti 
 
KEl 
 
 H EM 
 
 ^i/)i.7ro5i^!5ro, a.poft to\vn,ChatbaTrj co. 
 N. Carolina, 305 miles from Walliington. 
 TIayne's Fori, Colonel, is lituatcd in Ncl- 
 fon CO. Kentucky, on the N fide of Green 
 river, 25 miles W of Craig's Fort, and S2) 
 from the Ohio. 
 
 Head of SaJJ\ifras^ Kent CO. Maryland. 
 Ilere is a poft office, 1,09 miles from Walli- 
 ington. 
 
 Heathy a townfliip in HampHiire co. 
 MaOachufetts, incorporated in 1785, and 
 is no miles N W of liolkm, and about 18 
 miles N N W of Nortliampton, and con- 
 tains 604 inhabitants 
 
 Hebron, a to,wn in Ora-fton co. N. Hamp- 
 fnire, containing 281 inhabitants. 
 
 Htbroti, a town in Cunibcriand co. 
 Maine, on the N p: fide of Little Androf- 
 coggin, was incorporated in 1792 ; 25 
 miles N by W of Portland. 
 
 Hebron, a poft town in Wafiiington ro. 
 N. York, containing 2528 inhablrants. 
 
 Hebron, a poft town in Tc/Uand co. Con- 
 necticut, fettled in 1704 from Northamp- 
 ton. Moft of the landt, were given hy 
 Jofluia, fachem of the Moaegan tribe, iii 
 his laft will and teftanient. It Ues between 
 7-.el:)anon and Glafteubury, abmit 18 miles 
 S E of Hartford, and r6 S cf TolL-ind, It 
 has 2266 inhabitants. 
 
 Hebron, a Moravian fhttl^-m.'^nt in Penn- 
 fylvania, 16 miles from I.itiz, whicb is 70 
 miles northerly of Philadelphia. Tliis ■ 
 fettlement began in 1757. 
 
 Hcilor, a military townfliip in N. York, 
 on the E fide of SenecaLake near the Send, 
 having Ovid on the N, and Newton town- 
 iliip on the S, and ^9 miles S by W of the 
 ferry on Cayuga Lake. It has apoft otlice. 
 HeiJelburg, a Moravian fettlement in 
 Pennfylvania, b<:;gunin 1743 ; fituatcd 24 
 fniles from Litii:, \vhix:h is in M'arv/ick 
 townfliip, Lancafter co. 
 
 Heidelburg, a handfomc town in Dau- 
 |)hine co. Pennfylvania, containing about 
 100 houfes and two German churches for 
 Lutherans and Calvinifts ; one of the 
 churches is a handfome ftone building. 
 It contains 1990 inhabitants. It is 33 
 miles E by N of Harrifburg, and 74 N W 
 by W of Philadelphia. "1 here are two 
 other towniliips of this name in the liate, 
 the one in York co. the other in that .of 
 Northampton, having 1238 inhabitants. 
 Height of Land, a range of mountains 
 which extend from s" W to the N 
 :K, and feparates the diftrid; of Maine 
 froml^.Canadci, giving riie to many riv- 
 ers which fall into St, Jiawrence river, 
 and others which fal! uAo the Atlanlic 
 Vol. I. D^\ 
 
 Ocean. The principal growth between 
 the Height of Land and ^t. Francis li^'er 
 is beech, maple, birch, hemlock and lir, 
 very few Avhite pines, and no oak ot^ny 
 fort. Some of the rivers have line inter- 
 vals. 
 
 Helena IfJaud, St. on the coaft of S. Caro- 
 lina, with the main land on tlie N, forms 
 St. Helena Sound or entrance, and give^ 
 name to a parilli in Peaufort diitricl. 
 
 Hehvuj Farifh, Et. iu Beauiort diftrid:, S- 
 Carolina, conlifls of a duller of iliands, on 
 the S VV fide of St. Helena liiand, one of 
 the largeft of Vvhich is Port Pa)\ al. Adja- 
 cent to Port Royal ar<; S^. Helena, Ladies, 
 Paris, and Hunting Klaiids. 'J he Hunting 
 Iliands are 5 or 6 in nuinber, bordering 
 on the ocean, fo called horn the jiumber 
 of deer ruid other game found upon tlieni. 
 All thcfe iliands, and feme ^)tlicrs of leis 
 note belong to this parilli. 'i'he produce 
 of , the iliands is rice, indigo, cotton, corn, 
 and fweet potatoes ; the cultivation cf 
 which, as well as in other parts of the 
 I'tate, is eittir-ely carried on by f.avcs. 
 'Faxes paid by St. Helena pariili /,\ii.}4 
 13 2. Chief tov.^n, Beaufort, on Port 
 Royal ifland, which has 694 ijihabitanis. 
 The other parte of the panlh contain 
 2970 inhabitants, 
 
 Helena, St. a town on the coaft of Flori- 
 da, built by thCjSpaniards, and burnt by 
 Sir Francis Drake in 1585. 
 
 Hell Gate^ this celebrated ftrait is near 
 the W end, of L. Illand Sound, oppolite to 
 Harlem in York Ifland, and aliout 8 miles 
 N E of N. York city, and is remarkable 
 for its whidpools, which make a tremen- 
 dous roaring at certain times of the tide. 
 Thefe whirpools are occalioned by the 
 narrownefs and crookednefs of the paf- 
 fage, and a bed of rocks which extend 
 quite acrofs it ; and not by the meeting of 
 the tides from E to W, as has been con- 
 je6lured, becaufe they meet Frog's Point, 
 feveral miles above. A ikilful pilot may 
 conduct a iLip of any burden, with fafe- 
 ty, through this ftrait, at high water witli 
 the tide, or at low water with a fair wind. 
 There is a tradition among the Indians, 
 that in fome diftant period, in former 
 times, their anceftors could ftep from riick 
 to rock, and crofs this j»rm of the fca ou 
 foot at Hel! Gate. 
 
 Het/ilock, a lake in N. York ftatc, 12 
 miles long, anifl i broad, in the Geneilce 
 country. 
 
 Hemlock, a ftream which falls into Pc- 
 nobfcot on its W fide in Townfnip No. 4, 
 about 9 miles above the Great Falls. ^ 
 
HEN 
 
 HER 
 
 fIempJieM,thc name of two townfliips 
 in Pennlylvania, the one in Lancafler co. 
 theiptherin that of Weftmorcland. 
 
 Hcmjleady towns, in Qncen and Rock- 
 land counties, N. York. :^ee Hampjiead. 
 
 Henderfoiit the chief town of Montgom- 
 ery CO. N. Carolina, feated at the conflu- 
 ence of the Yadkin and Huarry rivers, 
 which form the Great Pedee. k has a 
 court houfc, ^$ miles from Salifoury. 
 
 Hdnde) foils Grant ^ a tra6b 12 miles 
 fquare, on the peninfula formed by the 
 juncflion of Green river with the Ohio, 
 in the flate of Kentucky. 
 
 Heuderfon, a CO. of Kentucky wliich in- 
 cludes the greater part of the above grant, 
 containing 1 263 inhabitants, of whom 340 
 are flaves. 
 
 Henderfon, a pofl town of the abovc CO. 
 786 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Henderfontoivn, a pofl: town, Monrgom- 
 ery co. N. Carolina, 455 miles from Wafli- 
 ingron. 
 
 Rtndcrfoni}illey a pofl: town, Nottoway 
 CO. Virginia, 204 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Henderfotiville, a pofl town, Sumner co. 
 TenelTee,720 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 IJsnley Iloufe^ a ftation of the Hudfon's 
 Bay Company, on the N bank of Albany 
 river, in New South Wales, 150 miles S 
 W of Albany Fort, and no N W by W 
 of Brunfwick Houfe. N lat. 51 14 27, 
 WJon. S5 554. 
 
 Henniker, a townfiiip in Hillfoorough 
 CO. N. Hampiliire, about 12 miles W of 
 Concord. In 1775, it contained 367, in 
 J790, 1127, and iniSoo, 1476, inhabitants. 
 
 Henlopsn, Cape, forms the S W fide of 
 the entrance of Delaware Bay, and Cape 
 May the N E fide, 28 miles apart. Cape 
 Henlopen lies in N lat. 38 50, and in W 
 Ion. 75 26. There is a light houfe here, 
 a few miles below the town of I^ewis, of 
 an oiTtagon form, handfomcly bulk of 
 itone 115 feet high, and its foundation is 
 nearly as much above the level of the fca. 
 The lantern is between 7 and 8 feet 
 fquare, lighted with 8 lamps, and may be 
 ieen in the night 10 leagues ofF at fea. 
 its annual expenfe is about £.()S'^' 
 There is a frrong iron net work, in order 
 to prevent birds from breaking the glafs 
 at night. Yet fo attracftive is the light to 
 the winged tribe, that fliortly after its 
 crcdlion, no birds of different kinds 
 were found dead one morning, and a 
 cluck, in particular flew againft it with 
 fuch force, as to penetrate through both 
 the were and glafs, and was found dead 
 in the lantern. Since the above accident, 
 
 few rimiiar ones have occurred, and the 
 birds have become more wary Veffels ofF 
 Delaware, upon difp'aying a jack at the 
 the foretoproafl: head, will be immediately 
 furnillied with a pilot. None, however, 
 are to be depended upon, unlel^s they arc 
 furniflicd with branches, and with a cer- 
 tificate from the board of wardens of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Henrico J a co. of Virginia, about 30 
 miles long, and 7 broad, contains 4541 
 free inhabitants, and 4608 Haves, k is 
 furrounded by Hanover, Charles City, 
 and Goochland counties, and James river. 
 A number of coal mines are in the co. 
 and pits have been opened by many of 
 the proprietors, and worked to conlidera- 
 ble profit- The coals in feveral of the 
 pits are found nearly 200 feet above the 
 level of the river, and 3 or 4 feet below 
 the furface of the ground. It is fuppof- 
 cd that 500,000 builicls might be raifed 
 from one of thcfe in a year. Chief town, 
 Richmond. 
 
 H.:nriqueUey a remarkable fait pond in 
 the Spanilli part of the ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, about 22 leagues in circuit. It is 
 itihabited by lizards and alligators, and 
 land tortoifes, all of a large fize. The wa- 
 ter is deep, clear, bitter and fait, and has 
 a difagrceable fmell. Near the middle of 
 this pond is an ifland about 2 Icsgur-s 
 long, and a league wide, in which is a 
 fpring of frefli water, well ftocked with 
 frt/'r/'/ofj, and thence called CuLrito ijtand. 
 This pond is about 11 leagues E of Port 
 au Prince. 
 
 Hanry, a capc, the N caPiern extremity 
 of Pclnccfs Ann co. in Virginia, 12 miles 
 S by W of Cape diaries in Northampton 
 CO. Thefe capes form the entrance of 
 Chefapeak Eay. Capc Henry lies in N 
 lat. 37, W Ion. 76 16. 
 
 Hgnry, a fort in Pennfylvania, 8 miles 
 N by W of Myer's Town, at the head of 
 Tulpehoekcn creek, 32 N of Lancaller, 
 and nearly 37 S E of Sunl ury. 
 
 Hdfiry, a mountainous atid hiUy <o. of 
 Virginia, bounded N by Franklin, S and 
 S E'^by Patrick, S W by Grifon, and N 
 W and W by Montgomery. It is about 
 40 miles long, 15 broad, and contains 
 3844 free inhabitants and 1413 Haves. 
 At the court houfe is a pofl office. 
 
 Henry, a CO. of Kentucky, containing 
 3258 inhabitants, 406 being flaves. 
 
 Hentionitan^ an ifland in the N E part of 
 Lake Huron. 
 
 Herhemer, a CO. of N. York, divided 
 
 into 8 townfliips, viz. German flats, 
 
 Ys'arren, 
 
HER 
 
 HIG 
 
 Warren, Frankfort, and Litchfield, form- 
 ed out of Gcrmunjlats in Feb. 1 7 96. Hcr- 
 kemer, Fairfield and Norway, formed 
 out of Fairfield, Feb. 1796. Schu}icr. 
 This county contains 14,479 inhabitants. 
 The height of land near the wtdcrn part 
 of this county is at fort Stanvvix. Hence 
 the ftrearos lluw In oppofite directions, to 
 the Hudfon and Lake Ontario. Boats 
 afcend the Alohawk, at fort Stanwix pals 
 thro' the canal Into Wood Creek, dcfctnd 
 the ftream into Oneida Lake, thence thro' 
 Onondago and Ofwego river into Lake 
 Ontario. Two canals with locks are 
 completed, one uniting the Mohawk and 
 Wood Creek, and is a i^ miles in length; 
 the other at Little Falls is -^ of a mile 
 long. When the canal at the mouth of the 
 Mohawk is completed, the city of N. York 
 wiii enjoy an inland n^ivigaticn to Niaga- 
 ra, 520 miles without one carrying place. 
 
 Ilerkemer, a pcit and chief town of the 
 above county, is fituated on the N iide of 
 Mohawk R. The townfhip includes the 
 village called Little German Flats, and the 
 celebrated plain called German Flats. 
 The village contains a court houl'e, gaol, a 
 Dutch church, and about 40 dwelling 
 houfes, which laft are very indifferent 
 buildings. It is 80 miles N W by W of 
 Albany, 16 S E of old Fort Schuyler, and 
 20 in a like direction from W^hitcllown, 
 lii the midfl: of the flats is a flirub oak 
 plain of 80 or 100 acres, barren and 
 Aony, of no ufe but for building lots. 
 The towniliip is named in honor of gen- 
 eral Herkemer, who was mortally wound- 
 ed in the late war. It contained in 1796, 
 by the ftate cenfus, 2073, and in i8oo, 
 2534 inhabitants. 
 
 Hero, North., an ifland in Lake Cham- 
 plain, is a towniliip annexed to Chitten- 
 den CO. in Vermont, and contained in 1 790, 
 125 inhabitants. It is 13 miles in length, 
 and 2 in breadth. 
 
 Hcroy Soui/j, an ifland in the fame lake, 
 belonging to Chittenden co. Vermont, is a 
 towniliip and port of entry, and contains 
 678 inhabitants. It is 14 miles long, and 
 34 broad. Numerous fmall i.Ues furround 
 the Heroes. This illand produces good 
 crops of wheat and other grain. In it is 
 a quarry of blulfli grey marble, which has 
 the appearance of being a petrifatSlion of 
 fcallops, a Ipecies of fliell common in the 
 vicinity of the lake, together with the 
 common earth of the fliore, which is of a 
 marley fubltaace. South Hero w^as divid- 
 ed into 2 townililpsin 1798, the fouthern- 
 moft retains its original name, and the 
 
 northernmofl; that of Middle Hero, and con- 
 tains 621 inhabitants. 
 
 Heron, Pafs au, at the bay of Mobile, in 
 W. Florida, is 18 miles E of Pafcagoula 
 R.and has 4 feet water; and from thence to 
 the point which is on the E fide of the bay 
 of Mobile, in Nlat. 30 17, is nearly 6 miles. 
 
 Herricks, a place in N. Hampftead, 
 Oueens co. L. Illand, in N. York, where 
 a pofl: office is efiabiillied, 28 miles E of 
 N. York city. 
 
 Hcrrlug Bay, lies on the W fide of Chef- 
 apeak Bay, Maryland, 26 miles S of An- 
 napolis, and derives its name from the 
 fifli of its name which frequent it. 
 
 Hirring Pond Indians. See Sandxoich. 
 
 Hertford^ a county of Edenton diflridl, 
 N. Carolina ; bounded N by the ftate of 
 Virginia, S by Bertie co. E by Chowan, 
 and V/ by Northampton, and contains 
 6448 inhabitants, of whom a7j3 are 
 flaves. Chief town, Wynton. 
 
 Hertford, a pt;fl town of N. Carolina, in 
 Edenton diftridl, and capital of Gates co. 
 fituated on the W iide of Perquimin's R. 
 It contains about 20 houfes, a court houfe, 
 and gaol, and is 1 8 miles N N E of Eden- 
 ton, and 38 S by W of Suffolk in Virginia. 
 
 Her-vcys 2fc; one of the new dilcovered 
 iflands, in the S. Sea, vifited by captain 
 Cookin 1778. S lat. 19 18, W ion. 159 6. 
 
 Hc-ve, or La Hai've, a port and cape on 
 the S coaft of Nova Scotia. Here the 
 French built a fort, which was taken by 
 the Britiili withfome lofs of men in 1712. 
 
 Hiatjlozuny a village in Middlefex co. N. 
 Jerfey ; 13 miles northeaflcrly of Trenton, 
 and 17 S by W of Brunfwick. 
 
 Hicksford, a poft town, Greenville co. 
 Virginia, 209 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Hickman s, a fettlement in Fayette co. 
 Kentucky, on the N fide of Kentucky R. 
 10 miles N of Danville and 22 S of Lex- 
 ington. 
 
 Hid I/land is fituated in the N. W. Terri- 
 tory ; in Plein R. the northern head water 
 of the Illinois. 
 
 Hirhgate, a village in Georgia, about 4 
 miles from Savannah. See Hampfead. 
 
 Highgate, the N. weflernmoft townfhip 
 except Alburgh, in Vermont, in Franklin 
 CO. contains 324 inhabitants. 
 
 Highlands, a mountainous tra<£t of coun- 
 try on the banks of Hudfon R. in the flatc 
 of N. York, between 40 and 60 miles N of 
 N. York city. The paffage on the river 
 through thefe Highlands, for the diftance 
 of about 18 miles, is grand and romantic, 
 in a high degree. The opening feems to 
 have been formed »n purpofe for the 
 
 paffcii^o 
 
HIL 
 
 P.iyf 
 
 prrffage of this noble river. In tlicfe 
 Highlands are fituated the important and 
 famous fortrelTes of Weft Point, Fort 
 Montgomery, and Stony Point. The 
 inoft noted peak,5 are, as you al'ccnd the 
 river, Thunder Hill, St. Anthony's Nofe, 
 Jsngar Loaf, Butter Hill, and Break Neck 
 Hill. After paflmg the two laft, the coun- 
 try opens delightfully, and prefents to the 
 eye the pleafant villages of New Windlbr 
 and Newburgh Thel'e mountains aboiuid 
 with iron ore 
 
 Higiery, Or Afia Gracia, a City in the' S' 
 E part of the Spanifli divifionof St. Do- 
 mingo, the eaftcrnnvoft of all the fettle- 
 ments in the iHand, celebrated formerly 
 for its fertility, and the quantity of fugar 
 it produced. It was formerly the feaFm' 
 C lyacoa, the mod powerful cacique t>f the 
 illand. It has now only about 500 inhab- 
 itants, and is diftant about 40 leagues to 
 the eaftward of St. Domingo, betweenr 
 which, and Higucy arc three roads, the 
 circuitous and' north^rnmofr of which 
 lends by Bayagnana. N iat. 18 .'?o. 
 
 Hills, a river in New S. Wales, which 
 empties into Hudfon's Bay at York Fort, 
 Hit^^lali, a port: town' in Columbia co. 
 N. York, 15 miles R of Hudfon city, con- 
 taining 470s inhabitants. 
 
 Hillfjorongh, an ifland on the Labrador 
 coart:, on a bay at che head of v/hich- is 
 Naln. See Naln^ 
 
 HWJhnrowrh^ a county of N. Kampfhire, 
 bounded N by Grafton co. S by the rtate 
 of MafTachulctts. W by CTieflure, and E 
 by Rockingham co. It contains-43,899 in- 
 habitants, who chiefly follow agTicuiture. 
 Chief towns, Amherft and Hopkinton. 
 
 HillJhornu^J?, a poft town in the aljove 
 CO. fituated on the northern head branch- 
 es of Contocook R. about 18 or ac miles 
 W of Concord, was incorporated in 177 a, 
 and contains 13 11 inhabitants. 
 
 H'Ufhorotivh, a townfliip in Somerfet co. 
 N. Jerfey, contained in i 790, a^oi inhab- 
 itants, 15 miles W of Brunfwick, and 18 
 northerly of IVenton. 
 
 Hilljhrough, a village on the eartern fide 
 of Chefapeak Bay, in Caroline co. Mary- 
 land ; feated on the E fide of Tuckahoc 
 Creek, one of the chief branches of Chop- 
 tank R. 7 miles S E by E of Denton, 9 N 
 W of Greenfborough, and 27 S S W of 
 Chefter. 
 
 H'dljhoroughy one of the middle dlflrl^bs of 
 N. Carolina, bounded N by the ftate of 
 Virginia, S by Fayetteville diftricfl, E by 
 Halifax, and W by Sali&ury. It com- 
 prehends the counties of GraRville, Per- 
 
 foll, Cafwell, Orange, Wake, Chatham^ 
 and Randolph; and contains 8o,ois in- 
 habitants, of whom 22,198 are flavcs. 
 Chief town, Hillfborough. 
 
 HillfjorciighyS, pofh town of N. Carolina, 
 and capital of the diflrleT: of its name, is 
 lituated in Orange co. on the N iide of 
 Eno R. in a high, healthy and fertile 
 country. It contains about 80 houfes, a 
 court ho ufe and gaol ; and had in 1788 
 an academy of 60 or 80 Undents, patron- 
 ized by the principal gentlemen of the 
 ftate. The Eno unites with Little anc? 
 Flat rivers, and forms the Neus, about 1/ 
 miles below the town. It is i8o miles W 
 N W of Ne\rbern, %fi S by W of Perfon 
 court honfe, roi W by S of Halifax, 110 
 E N E of Salifburv, ami 45 z 6 W by S of 
 Pliiladelphia. 
 
 Hilljboro, a poll tov.Ti in Loudon co. 
 Virginia, 33 miles from Wafliington* 
 
 Hilltop, Charles co. Maryland, where is 
 a poft- otiice 39 miles from Wafliington; 
 H'llltoivn, a fmall town near the centre 
 (yf Chefter co Pennfylvania ; 28 miles W 
 of Philadelphia, and 21 N V*^ of Chefter. 
 Alio thename of a townfliip in Bucks co. 
 in the lame ftarte, having 1 154 inhabitants, 
 Hilton /f far/, an 'ifland of S. Carolina. 
 W ;ind S W of Hiiton Hc^d lie Pinckney's^ 
 Bulls, Dawfulkies and fome fntaller illands,-. 
 between which and HiltO'ft Head, are Cal- 
 ibogic R. ani foun^, which form the out-' 
 let of May and New ri'vers. 
 
 Hilton s Point, in Piicataqila R. in N. 
 Hampfhire;i3-tl1e fpot where the united' 
 Iheam of Newichawannockand Cochecho* 
 rivers meets the wefh;rn branch and forms 
 the Pifcataqua : From thence to the fea i»- 
 7 miles, the courfe generally S to S F:,an(J 
 the river is fo rapid that it never freezes. 
 Hinche, a territory and town in the' 
 Spaniili part of St. Domingo. The can- 
 toiT of Hinche is botmded W by the 
 Frt;nch pariflies of Gonaives, Petit RivierC' 
 and Mireb'alais, and contains with fome 
 appendages abriut 12,000 fouls. 7'he 
 town contains about 500 houfes, and, to- 
 gether with its dependences, 450O fouls, 
 500 of whom are capable of bearing arms. 
 It is fituated on the FI fide of the mouth 
 of the river Guayamucoj 64 miles N W of 
 St. Domingo. N !at. 19 3. 
 
 Hiuifbtngh, a port: tovv^n in Chittenden 
 CO. in Vermont, lies E of and joins Chai"- 
 lotte on Lake Champlain. It has ^T)^ 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Hingham, a port: town in Suffolk co. 
 Maflachufetts, fituated on- a fmall bay 
 which fcts up S from Bolton Bay. h 
 
 coAtaiim 
 
«66 
 
 liOL 
 
 ffontains a number of houfes compa<5lIy 
 built, two Con'gr^gational churches, and 
 a well endowed fchool, called, in honor 
 ef its principal donor and founder, 
 Derby School. It is 19 miles S E of 
 Bofton, and 22 in a like direction from 
 Plymouth. The townfliip is about 4 
 miles fquare, confifts of two pariflies, v^as 
 incorporated in 1635, and contains ziiz 
 inhabitants. Here are 6 grifl: mills, ^ 
 faw mills, and a fulling mill ; fovtr of 
 which are tide mills. 'I'wo hills in this 
 town, one of which is called Baker's HiH, 
 prefent exteufive and delightful profpeCis 
 of Bofton Bay, its illauds, and the adjacent 
 country. 
 
 Hinfdale^ in Vermont, now Vernon, 
 which fee. 
 
 //////o'^/i?, a townfliip in Chefliire co. N. 
 Hampfliire, on the E bank of Connecticut 
 river, whercr the S line of the Prate ftrikes 
 the river -in 42 4359 N laf and is oppoiite 
 to Vernon m Vermont. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1753, and contains 634 inhabitants. 
 It is about 38 miles above Northampton. 
 
 i/m,'?/?, a poft town in York co. Maine, 
 has 1 04 inhabitants. 
 
 Hifpaniola.^ See Sf. Dc'fni r'go. 
 
 Hitghelaga, or Hochclaga, an Indian vil- 
 lage in L. Canada, fituated in the ifland 
 of Montreal, and at the foot of the morth- 
 tain fo called. It is fortified after the In- 
 dian manner, and the inhabitants I'peak 
 the Huron language. 
 
 Hilton, a village in Anne Arundel co. 
 Maryland, 13 miles W by S of Balti- 
 jnore. 
 
 Hiivj/pey is the only river of any confe- 
 quenoe which empties into the TenefTee 
 from the S., It is a bold river paffing 
 through the Cherokee towns, and empties 
 into tiie Teneilee about 40 miles below 
 the mouth of the Clinch, and 46 above 
 the Whirl or Suck, by land, but 60 by 
 water. It is naviga.blc till it penetrates 
 the mountains on its S lide. Ore was 
 found in thefe mountains, when in poflef* 
 fion of the Britiflv, from which gold was 
 6xtra6led. The Indians know the fpot ; 
 but are very anxious to keep it a fecret. 
 A branch of the Hi wafTee, called Amoia, 
 almoft interlocks a branch of the Mobile. 
 The portage between them is fliort, and 
 the road firm and level 
 
 Hobhp:oU. See Tappahannoci. 
 
 Hobuken, a tra6t of land i-n Bergen co. 
 N. Jerfey, on the W bank of the Hudlbn, 
 in the mountainous country between the 
 town of Bergenoand Fort Lee, ab^ut 7 
 mfles above N. York city. 
 
 lioclelaga, the ancient name for tlfxlP 
 river St. Lawrence. 
 
 Hockhockinor, a river in the ftate of Ohio', 
 about a8 miles below the Mufkingum, 
 which it refembles, but is inferior to it iii 
 fize. It rifes near a branch of the Scioto, 
 and taking a S \V coUrfe enters the Ohio, 
 at Bellpre, in N lat. 38 57. It is naviga- 
 ble for largS flatbottomed boats, between 
 70 and 80 miles ; has fine meadows with 
 high banks, which are feldoni overflowed, 
 and rich uplands on its borders. On the 
 banks of this iine river are inexhauftible 
 qtiarries of freefton?, large beds of iron 
 eie, rich mines of lead, and coal pits. 
 There are alfo produv^iv^ fait fprings, 
 beds of white and blue clay of an excel- 
 lent quality. Red bole, and many oth^r 
 uieful foflih hav6 beeil found on the banks 
 of fhis river. 
 
 Hockhock'utg, a pofl: to#n, Rofs co. Ohid, 
 440 miles from WaAiington. 
 
 Hoclqusr, or Hockquart, an ifland of U 
 Canada, on the E fide of Lake Superior. 
 
 Hog, an ifiand on the E lide of Lake 
 Chaniplain, in Franklin co. Vermont, ^ 
 mile? long, and generally about 3 broad. 
 
 Hog, an ifland in Narraganfet bay, 
 Rhode Ifland, about % miles in circumfcr-f 
 ence, 2 miles from Briftol. 
 
 Hogton, in' Martin co. N. Carolina/ 
 where is a poft office, 372 miles from 
 I Wafliington. 
 
 j Hog l/Iafid, below Peach Ifland in U. 
 '■ Canada, is fituated in the ftrair of Detroit, 
 \ where it opens into lake St. Clair, the 
 ' lower end of it is about 2 miles above De- 
 troit ; it contains about 300 acres of land 
 ! fit for tillage, and a large quantity of 
 marfli or meadow land.. It has lome 
 wood on it ; the laiul is low, but valuable 
 for pafturage, is well improved, and con- 
 tains in all about 1 700 ftatu^e acres. 
 
 Smyth'. 
 Hogohcge, Callamanco, and Cherokee i 
 names formerly applied to 'Tenejfee ri'ver. 
 
 Hold-cn, a townfliip in Worcefter coi 
 
 Maflachufetts, 7 miles N of Worcefter, 
 
 and 51 miles W of Bofton. It contains 
 
 114a inhabitants. It was incorporated 
 
 I in 1740. In the ea;rthquake in 1755, 
 
 j there were feveral acres of land, in an ob- 
 
 ' fcurs* place in the N E corner of the town- 
 
 j fliip, quite furrounded by a \alible frac- 
 
 j turc inthe earth, of a circular form, and 
 
 i of various width and depth. Ihe fmall 
 
 ' river there had its bed raifed fo as tor 
 
 ! occafion a conflderable fall of water, 
 
 j where there was little or none before. 
 
 i I'he ftump of a tree, that ftood diredliy 
 
II o h 
 
 K O M 
 
 yrtr the ch^im, on the E was tiivided in- 
 to two eqi'al parts, one (landing on the 
 toULiide of tlie chai'm, the other upon tlie 
 inliue ; but not oppciite to each other ; 
 the half v/ilhin the clial'm, being tarried 
 five feet iorward, toward the river. 
 
 Haldernipy a tovrniliip in Grafton co. 
 K. riampiiiire, on tlie E fide of Pemige- 
 wuilet river, was incorporated in 1761, 
 and contains 531 inliaoitants. A corner 
 ox Sqi'.ain Lake is in this townlliip ; and 
 feattlefnake Mountain lies partly in this 
 and Sandwich, the adjcining tovvnlhip 
 ©n the N E. It is 64 miles N N \7 of 
 S^ortfuioulh. 
 
 Huhl-wiih Hope, the firil land difcovered 
 hj Hudibn on the eafi:ern coaft of Green- 
 land, in 1607. N iat. 73. 
 
 HoL in the WcU, a vilhige in Talbot co. 
 Maryh-.nd, on the L iidc. of Cliefapeak 
 bay ; 7 irules eailerly of Oxford, and a 
 like dlftance S of Eafton. 
 
 IJvlianJ, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 MaiTnchuiltt?, which, until incorporated 
 in 1785, "rvas the E pririlh of S, Brimiield, 
 ijid is bounded S by Toiiand co. in Con- 
 necticut, E by V/ofcelter co. and north- 
 •ward by Brimiield. It contains 445 in- 
 liabitants, and is 75 miles S W by W of 
 JBoflon. 
 
 HollarJ, Company L<'.nJs, are fituated in 
 Peimfylvania, on the navigable waters of 
 ilUeghany river and French Creek. 
 
 Hollands Ijlunds are near to, and S of 
 liooper's Ifiand in Chefapcak Bay. 
 
 Holiand''s Pointy on the W lide of Chefa- 
 peak Bay, together with Parker's liland, 
 form the mouth of Herrino; Bay. 
 
 Holland'' i Ri'ver, in U. Canada, runs from 
 the S W, and empties into Cook's bay, 
 lake Sinicoe. 
 
 Hdl-.s, the NifitiJfLt of the Indians, 
 a towailiip in HilUborough co. N. liamp- 
 iliircjon the MalTachufetts line, incoipo- 
 latedin 1746. It is about 70 miles S W 
 of Portfmouth, and 45 N W of Bofton, 
 and contains 1557 inhabitants. 
 
 Hdiidays IJlaud, He;> 15 miles up Chowan 
 fiver in N. Carolina : thus tar the river 
 i* 5 miles wide. 
 
 Hdlijlon, the moll: Ibuthcrn tov/nfliip 
 in Middiefex co. Malfachufetts, has IIop- 
 Jdiiton on the N, Wreutham on the E, 
 i).ud is a8 miles S by W of Bofton. The 
 Jirii fettlements were made here in 1710, 
 aad in 1724 the town was incorporated 
 hy its prefent name in honor of 'Phomas 
 irlollio of London, one of the patrons of 
 Cambridge Univerfzty ; aad it now con- 
 taia» 783 inhabitants. 
 
 Hdmcs's Hole, Dukes co. MalTachufetts, 
 a commodious and lafe harbour on the 
 N fide of Martlra's Vineyard. Here is 
 a poft oflice,9o miles S £ ofBoitoii, and 
 3 24 E from Wafliington. 
 
 Hchttjhury, Philadelphia co. Pennfy'va- 
 nia, where is a piift oilice, 1^0 miles from ' 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Uvijlon, a branch of Teneflee river, riies 
 in Virginia, and joins that river 32 miles 
 belovv^ Knosville. It is a large, bold river, 
 upwc-.rds of 300 yardh wide at that town, 
 is about 200 miles in length, and receives 
 in its courfe feveral cordiderable rivers, 
 viz. from its head downwards, Watauga, 
 French Broad, (which includes Limofione 
 Creek, Nolachucky, Swanano, Big Laurel, 
 and Big and Little Pigeon) and little 
 rivers. The flreams on the northern 
 lide are creeks of no great hze or length 
 of courie. Holfton is navigable for 
 beats*. of 25 tons upwards of lOO miles, a# 
 high as the mouth of the N. lork; at 
 wiiich place Mr. David Rofs has ere<£teci 
 ironworks upon a large fcaie. At the 
 mouth of this river, on the N lide, ftands 
 Fort Grainger. The river is 130 yards 
 wide, 1^ miles above the N Fork 
 at Ruls's iron works, and nearly 5 above 
 L. liland, and in N lat. 36 27, W ion. 83 8. 
 See 1aij/)k-zvA L. IJlaiid. 
 
 HolJiQii, a fetllement on the river above- 
 mentioned, Ui the ftate of Teneffee, con- 
 taining, in 1790, 28,649 inhabitants, 
 though in the year 1775 it had hardly 
 2200 ; yet its importance daring the 
 revolution may be conceived, when it is 
 known that a great part of thofe volun- 
 teer troops who attacked and defeated 
 the Britilli and tories on King's Moun- 
 tain, who were commanded by Colonel 
 Fergulon, came from this country. I'he 
 land is generally fertile, but the face of 
 the country is much broken. Placed 
 between two large mountains, it feldom 
 futfers for want of rain. It abounds 
 with iron ore. A capital furnace and 
 forge have lately been erefied in Holfton, 
 near the Virginia line, a bloomery below 
 the mouth of Watawga, and another 25 
 miles above the mouth of the Frencli 
 Broad. There are feveral lead mines ia 
 the fcttlement, one in particular 00 the 
 French Broad, that produces 75 per cent, 
 pure lead. L. Ifiand, on Holfton river ia 
 340 miles S W by W of Richmond iu 
 Virginia. 
 
 Holy Rood, a bay in Newfoundland I. 
 at the head of Conceptic^ Bay. 
 
 Home Dif.ria^ I'he^ in U. Canada, wa« 
 ©riginally 
 
HON 
 
 HOIT 
 
 eriginally conftituted and erected Into a 
 diftridl of N-illau, in the province of Que- 
 bec, by Lord Dorchefter's proclamation of 
 July, 1788 ; it received its prefent name 
 by an adl of the provincinl legiflature ; 
 and is bounded eafterly by a meridian 
 .pafTuig through the mouth of the river 
 Trent; northerly by the Ottawa river 
 into lake ""i'omifcanning, and the bounds 
 of the Rudfon's bay company; alfo by 
 part of lake Huron ; wefterly by a me- 
 ridian pruTirtg through the eallern extrem- 
 ity of Long Point, or the N Foreland : 
 and foutherly by part of lake Ontario 
 and part of lake Erie. Smyth. 
 
 ILm't, a militarv townfliip in Ononda- 
 go CO. N. York, on th^ head waters of the 
 N W branch of Chenengo river. It has 
 612 inhabitants. 
 
 Homochkto, a fmall flream of thervTiHirip- 
 pl territory, wh'cii falls into the MiiTifip^:! 
 river, a few miles N of Loftus' Heights, 
 in lat 3 r i z N. 
 
 Hondsy Rio, ?, river of Yucatan, which 
 empties into the bay of Honduras. 
 This river, by the peace of 1781, Vv-^as the 
 northern boundary of the tract fouthward 
 of Beliefle river, granted by the Spaniards 
 to tViQ Bntifli, to cut and cari-y away 
 log'vvood. 
 
 Hondi\y a bay on the N i'id.c of the idand 
 of Cuba, weft ward of the Havannah. 
 
 Honduras, a province of New Spain, 
 having the bay of its name and the N. Sea 
 on the N ; Yucatan on the N W ; and 
 the Mofquito Shore on the NE; Nicaragua 
 and Guatimala on the S, and Vera {*az 
 on the W. It is about 100 leagues long 
 and 80 broad. It abounds with honey, 
 cotton, fine wool, dye woods in particular, 
 and has fome gold and filver mines. The 
 rivers overflow like the Nile, and enrich 
 the land. The air is good, except near 
 the lagoons and low groundvS. The foil 
 in many parts bears Indian corn thrice a 
 year ; and fh.e vineyards bear twice a 
 year; for immediately after the vintage 
 they cut them again ; and the fecond 
 grapes are ripe before Chriftmas. Val- 
 ladolid is the chief town, where the gover- 
 nor and billiop refide. Truxillo is alfo a 
 fine town, and very ftrong by nature ; 
 and Omoah is ftrongly fortified. The 
 Spaniards claim this country ; but the 
 Englifli have been long in poffefllon of 
 the logwood tra6l in the Bay of Hondu- 
 ras, cutting large quantities of it every 
 year. And the Mofquito Indians to the 
 E of this province have entered into 
 treaties with the Englilli, received them 
 
 into their country, and done them Itveral 
 fervices. Befide, the Spaniards have nc* 
 forts in th>s bay, or in the country of the 
 Mofquito, only tv/o fmall towns. 
 
 Honduras y Sea of, is that part of the N. 
 Sea bounded N by the Iliand of Cu^a» 
 S by the Mofquito fliore, S W hj the 
 hay of Honduras, W by the peninlula of 
 Yucatan, N W by the Gulf of Mexico, II 
 N E by Jamaica, and the Caribbean 
 Sea. 
 
 Jflmdurns, B<?y rf, noted for cutting of 
 logwood, a-s that of Campeachy formerly 
 was. It Jics in the province of the fame 
 name, and opens betwixt Cape Honduras 
 in N lat. 13 30, and Cape Catoclie, the 
 eaflernmoft point of Yucatan in N lat. 71 
 30. TJie dlftanoe between thefe cape* 
 is 270 mi^es. The great lake of Nicara- 
 gua has an outlet into it by the river 
 Anuzelos, or Angelos, only navigable by 
 i'mall craft. In this bay are feveral fmall 
 illands, particularly the Pearl lilands, a 
 little to the N, but the pearls fiflied up 
 are not in fuch quantiiies as ^ formerly, 
 nor fo large. Sugar river alio, a fmall 
 r-iver from Veraguas, falls into it. It ha« 
 its name from the quantity of Sugar 
 works, with which t'le country a'ounds. 
 The part of the country vyhere the Eng- 
 lifli cut their lo^^^wood is all a flat, and 
 a great part of it a morafs, with i'everal 
 lagoons, which are very often overflown. 
 Tlie cutters amount to 15 or 1600 men ; 
 but form no regular colony ; jct they 
 choofe a chief, who cannot have lef:5 au- 
 thority, luxury, or emolument, or whofe 
 fubje(5f3 are more difol>edient. The 
 quantity of wood annually furniflied by 
 the bay has been valued at -^0,000 tons. 
 The Eng'ilh export only about -6,000 ; 
 but the principal branch of the trade was 
 lately carried on by the Dutch, whole an- 
 nual clear profit ufed to amount to abox-e 
 90,000/. flcrling. The bay is fprinkled 
 with an infinity of flioals, rocks and cluf- 
 ters of drowned iflands, vi^hich aoound 
 with great numbers of green turtle. 
 There are feveral channels between them^ 
 among which a fiiip fliould not venture 
 without an experienced pilot. The raan- 
 ati is frequently met with here, and that 
 called the JewfiHi, which is fomethln^ 
 like the cod, but thicker in proportion, 
 and much better eating. They have 
 very broad fcales, and fome of them 
 weigh 8oibs. 
 
 Hmzeyyoc, a lake in the GenefTee coun- 
 try, N. York, wcilward of Canandarque 
 Lake, 5 miles long aud 3 bread. 
 
GUA 
 
 GUA 
 
 Uonga Uapfec, an uBinliahl table rock in 
 the Pacific Ocean not half a league in cir- 
 c-umference, lo leagues N of Tongataboo, 
 X'ifible 15 leagues diftant. 
 
 Ho/iOfKi/iies,a. river, in the N W Territo- 
 ry which runs S S eaft(^rly into Puan Bay. 
 Jbctween the head of this river and Lake 
 Superior is a fliort portage. 
 
 Hoods, IJJand, one of the Marquefas IH- 
 ands in the S. Sea, fo called by its difcover- 
 cr Capt. Cook. It lies in 9 26 S lat. j or 
 6 leagues N by W of the £ point of Dom- 
 inica. 
 
 Hook IJland. See Bombay //"^o/f-. 
 
 Hoakfet Falls^ in Merrimack river, jufi: 
 below the mouth of Suncook, 7 miles 
 above Amulkeag Falls, and 8 below Con- 
 cord, N. Hamplliire. 
 
 Hookjloiutt, a village on the W fide of 
 Chefapeak Bay in Maryland, Baltimore 
 CO. 6 miles N W of Baltimore. 
 
 Hooktoivn, a village on the E fide of 
 Chefapeak Bay, in Talbot co. Maryland, 
 K of Eafton, and S W of Williamfburg, 3 
 miles from each. 
 
 Hoo/igaionga, an uninljabitable rock, not 
 half a league in circumference, 10 leagues 
 N of Tongataboo, feparated from Honga 
 Happee by a channel a league broad, run- 
 ning E N E and W S W. 
 
 Hooper's IJland and Straits, He on the E 
 fide of Chefapeak Bay, and on the S W 
 coaft of Dorchefter co. Maryland. The 
 illand is 7 miles long, and 2^ hr6ad. 
 
 Honfack, a towniiiiip in ReniTelaer co. 
 N. York, oppoute Bennington, in Ver- 
 mont, and has 3141 inhabitants. 
 
 Hoofacli, a river of N. York, which 
 falls into the Hudfim from the E, about 8 
 miles above the city of Lanfinburgh. It 
 riles in BerkHiire co. Mallachufetts,runs 
 N wefterly through Pownal in Vermont, 
 thence into N. York fiate. Its length 
 is about 40 miles. The curious mill- 
 ftream called Hudfon's Brook, which falls 
 into a N branch of Hoofack, is defcribed 
 in the account of .<4^,awj, in Maflachufetts. 
 
 Hope, a village in SulTex co. N- Jerfey, 
 on the port road from Newtown to Eaf- 
 ton, Pcnnfylvania, 16 miles S W of the 
 former, and 20 N E of the latter. It is 
 inhabited by about 100 of the Moravian 
 United Brethren. Here is a poft office. 
 
 Hope, a bay on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, fo named by Capt. Cook. The 
 entrance of Nootka, or St. George's Sound 
 is fituated in the E corner of Hope Bay, 
 in N lat. 49 33, E Ion. 233 12. 
 
 Hope, a Moravian fettlement irf Wa- 
 chovia, in N. Carolina, in Svirry co. where 
 
 is a meeting houfe of the United Breth- 
 ren. 
 
 Hope Toivnfo'ip, in the co. of Durham, 
 U. Canada, lies to the W of Hamilton, 
 and fronts lake Ontario. Swyth. 
 
 Hope, a fmall ifland in Narraganfet Bay, 
 ftate of Rhode Ifland. 
 
 Hopeioivn, a village in Ontario co. Jeru- 
 falem townfliip, N. York, on a riCng 
 ground near the creek which connects 
 Crooked \\\\.\\ Seneca Lake, half a mile 
 from the former Lake, 15 miles S of Ge- 
 neva. A fet of Merchants mills of the 
 bcft conftrudlign, are built on this creek, 
 accelTible by boats from Seneca I>ake. 
 
 Hopfivell, a townfliip in Cumberland 
 CO. in New Brunfwick, on Chcpodie riv-» 
 er, which runs eafterly into a northern 
 arm of the Bay of Fundy, and is naviga-- 
 ble 4 or 5 miles. 
 
 HopcivcU, the name of 3 townfliips in 
 Pcnnfylvania, viz. in York, Huntingdon, 
 and Wafliington counties. 
 
 Hopeivell,2L townfliip in Hunterdon co. 
 N. Jerfey, on Delaware river, 14 miles 
 W of Princetown, and 11 above Trenton. 
 It contained in X79P, 2320 inhabitants. 
 Another townfliip of this name lies in 
 Cumberlanc] co, in N. Jerfey. 
 
 Hopkins, or Hopkinfville, a townlhip \t\ 
 Caledonia co. in Vermont, was granted 
 to Dr. Hopkins; 11 miles N W of the 
 upper bar of the Fifteen Mile Falls in 
 Connecffcicut R. 
 
 Hopkinion, a half fliire tov/n of Hillf- 
 borough CO. N. Hampfliire, on Contoo- 
 cook, river, 9 miles S W from its conflu- 
 ence with the Merrimack, and divide^ 
 from Concord on the E, by the Rocking- 
 ham county line. It was firft granted by 
 Maflachuletts, was incorporated in 1765, 
 and contains 2016 inhabitants, who are 
 chiefly farmers. It is a handfome flour- 
 ifliing town, 42 miles E by S of Charlef- 
 town on ConnecElicut river, and about 58 
 W by N of Portfmouth. 
 
 HnpLiiiton, a townfliip in Middlefex co. 
 MalTachufeits. It was incorporated in 
 1 7 15, and contains 1372 inhabitants. 
 The rivers Concord, Providence and 
 Charles receive each of them a branch 
 from this town, Thefe ftreams furniflj. 
 feats for 7 or 8 griftmills, a number of 
 fawmills, iron works, &c. 
 
 Ho/Liiiioti, a townfliip in Wafliington 
 CO Rhode!, on the W line of the ftate, 
 on fevcral branches of Pawcatuck river. 
 It contains 227 inhabitants. 
 
 Horn, Cape, the fouthern extremity of 
 Terra del Fuego, and of S. America, w?,? 
 
 f.rfl 
 
HOW 
 
 HUD 
 
 f.rll failed round in 1616, and the flraits 
 %vere difcovercd in 1643. ^ ^^^* 55 jS> 
 W Ion. 67 21. 
 
 Iloniyan ifland on the coafl of W. Flor- 
 ida, between Ship and Mairacre iflands. 
 Horn ifland is nearly 17 miles long 
 and about half a mile wide. There are 
 more trees on the middle of the ifland 
 than in any other part of it ; and for 
 about 3 miles from the E end there are 
 no trees at all ; but there are a number 
 of fandy hillocks. Hutchitis. 
 
 Hornet, a fmall ftream in Maine, which 
 falls into Penoblcot R. on its W fide in 
 Townfliip No. 3, the fame with Hemlock, 
 about 3 miles above the latter, and about 
 12 above the Great Falls. 
 
 Horntoivn, a village in Maryland^ 31 
 miles from SnowhIll,a6 from Drummond 
 or Accomack court houfc, in Virginia, 
 and 168 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Horfiiieck^ a point of land, on the N 
 fide of Long Illand, between Hog's Neck 
 and Eaflon's Neck. 
 
 Horfcncck^\x\xh.t townfliip of Greenwich, 
 Fairfield co. ConnetStlcut, called by the In- 
 dians Pat horn fing, was fettled m i68o. 
 A bloody battle was fought here between 
 the Dutch and the Indians, in 1646. The 
 Dutch with great difficulty obtained the 
 vi(5lory. %rcat numbers were lb in on 
 both fides ; and their graves appear 
 to this day. It is ^^i miles S W of N. 
 Haven, and 37 N E of N. York city. 
 
 Horfeneck, a village in EiTex co. N. Jer- 
 fey, on the fouthern bank of PalTaic river 
 above the Little Falls, 4 miles S W by 
 S of the town of Patterfon. 
 
 Horjham, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 CO. Pennfylvania, has 781 inhabitants. 
 
 Hortoit, 2l townfliip in King's co. Nova 
 Scotia. Salmon river runs through Hor- 
 ton,and fupplies the inhabitants with ex- 
 cellent falmon. 
 
 HofpitalIJland,'n\ the river St. Lawrence, 
 in U. Canada, in front of the tawnlliip of 
 Edwardfburgh, contains about lOO acres ; 
 it lies immediately above Point au Gallop. 
 
 Hotte, a mountain in the W part of the 
 S penlnfula of St. Domingo. 
 - Hot Spring. See Virginia. 
 
 Hougue, La, a little fore a leagues be- 
 yond the Havannah, in the ifland of Cuba. 
 From hence vefTels begin to difcover La 
 Pain de Matance, a mountain whofe top 
 refembles an oven or a loaf. It ferves fail- 
 ors to knowtlie bay of Matance by,\vhich 
 is about 14 leagues from the Havannah. 
 
 H01VS, Fort, oi\ St. Johu'a R. in N. Brunf- 
 wick, is capable of (.ontainiug joo men. 
 Vol. I. Ee 
 
 Howe's Ifland, in the S. Sea, was dircOV'- 
 
 ■ ered by Capt. Wallis, July Z'^t 1767. 
 
 Smoke was feen to arife from it, but no 
 
 inhabitants could be difccrned. S lat. i6 
 
 46, W Ion. 154 8. 
 
 Houaheint, one of the Society Ifles, in 
 the S. Sea. S lat. 16 44, W Ion. 151 i. 
 
 Hozvland''s Ferry, is the narrow part of 
 the waters that feparate Rhode I. from the 
 main land. It is about a quarter of a mdft 
 wide. The bridge built acrols tliis flrait 
 coft 30,000 dollars, and was carried away 
 by a llorm in January, 1796. It is re- 
 built. 
 
 Hovfatonick, or Hooejldnnuc, a river of 
 Conncc5licut, in the Indian language fig- 
 nifying o'^jer the mountain, riles by two 
 fources ; the one in Lancfoorough, the 
 other in Windfor, both in Bcrkfliire co. 
 MafTachufetts. Tliefe branches form a 
 junvilion in Pittsficld, and the river, after 
 paffingthroughanumberof towns, empties 
 itfelf into Long I. Sound, between Stratford 
 and Milford in Conne6ticut. It is navi- 
 gable about 1 2 miles, to Derby. A bar 
 of fliells, however, at its mouth, obftrucls 
 the navigation of large veffels. In this 
 river, between Salifbury and Canaan, is a 
 cataract, where the water of the whole 
 river, which is 150 yards wide, fails per- 
 pendicularly 60 feet. Several ufeful mills 
 and iron v.'otks are ercdiedon thefe falls, 
 
 Houfe of the Devil, See Luke Ontario. 
 
 Houakila, a name by fome applied to the 
 N F, branch of Illinois river. See ll'heakiki, 
 
 Huiigkton Toivnjhip, in the county of 
 Norfolk, U. Canada, Hes W of Walfing- 
 ham and Lake Erie. 
 
 Hoivard Toivfifiip^ in the co. of Suffolk, 
 U, Canada lies W of Oxford ; it is watered 
 on the N by the Thames, and on the S 
 by Lake Erie. 
 
 Hoive Ijlar.d, in the CO. of Ontario, U. 
 Canada, lies in the river St, Lawrence, 
 between Wolf illand and Pittlburgh. 
 
 Huhhardjion, a townfliip in Worcefler 
 CO. Maliachufetts, and formed the N E 
 part of Rutland, until incorporated in 
 1767. It borders on the weftcrn part 
 of Wachuiet Hill, and contains iiij 
 inhabitants. It is 20 miles N W of Wor- 
 cefl:er,and 60 W of Bofton. 
 
 Huhhardton, a fmall river riling in the N 
 part of this townfliip, noticeable only for 
 itsj falls which furnifli excellent mill feats. 
 
 Hubliertoti, a townfliip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, has 64a inhabitants, and lies 50 
 miles N of Bennington. 
 
 Hudfons Bay, took its name from Hen- 
 ry Hudfon, who difcovercd it in 16 10. 
 
 It 
 
HUD 
 
 fiuu 
 
 It lies b>jt\veen SS and 65 degrees of N 
 lat. The eaftern boundary of the bay i& 
 Terra de Labrador ; the northern part 
 has a ftraight coaft, facing the bay. gi^ard- 
 ed with a line of ifles innumerable. A 
 vaft bay, called the Archiwinnipy Sea, 
 lies within it, and opens into Hudfon's 
 Bay, by means of Gulf Hazard, through 
 which the Beluga whales pafs in great 
 numbers. The entrance of the bay, 
 from the Atlantic Ocean, after leaving, 
 to the N, Cape Farewell and Davis's 
 Straits, is between Refolution Ifles on the 
 N, and Button's Ifles, on the Labrador 
 coafl, to the S, forming the eaftern ex- 
 tremity of Hudfon's Straits. The coafls 
 are very high, rocky and rugged at top ; 
 in fome places precipitous, but fomctimes 
 exhibit extenfive beaches. The iflands 
 of Salifbury, Nottingham, and Digges are 
 rery lofty and naked The depth of wa- 
 ter in the middle of the bay is 140 
 fathoms. From Cape Churchill to the S 
 end of the bay, are regular foundings ; 
 near the fliore, iliallow, with muddy or 
 fandy bottom. To the northward of 
 Churchill, the foundings are irregular, the 
 bottom rocky, and" in fome parts the 
 rocks appear above the furface at low- 
 water. Hudfon's Bay is reckonetl about 
 300 leagues wide,, from N to S.^ Its 
 breadth is unequal, being about 130 
 leagues where broadcft ; but it grows 
 narrower at both extremities, being not 
 much above 2S leagues iii fome places. 
 In the account of N. Britain, we have giv- 
 en a general account of the Hudfon's Bay 
 Company's fettlements on both Edes of 
 Jamcb's Bay. I'he commerce in the 
 countries adjacent to this inland fea is in 
 the hands of an exclufive Britifli Compa- 
 ny of its name, who employ only 4 fliipsj 
 and 130 feamen. The forts Prince of 
 Walt's, Churchill river, Neifoii. New Sev- 
 ern, and Albany, are garrifoned by 1S6 
 men. The French, in 178a, took and 
 dtftroytd thefe fettlements, &c. faid to 
 amount to the value of ^^.j 00,000 fterling. 
 ThcCompany's exports are to the amount 
 of j«^ 16,000. moflly the drugs of the mar- 
 ket, which produce returns, chiefly in 
 beaver flcins, and rich furs, to the value 
 of ;^. 29,000 ; yielding government a clear 
 revenue of £ .1.734. This includes the 
 fiihcry in Hudfon's Bay. The flcins and 
 furs procured by this trade, when manu- 
 fatSlured, atford articles for trading with 
 many nations of Europe,togreat advantage. 
 Hudfon's Strait, or Frobijhers M'Jlaken 
 
 Strait, which leadi i»to tjudloa's Bay, in 
 
 a wefierly courfe, is 76 miles wide, be* 
 tween Cape Chidlcy and the S point of 
 Refolution Ifland. 
 
 Hudfons Hoiife, one of the Hudfon*f 
 Bay Company's fa(Sories in N. America, 
 lies on the S W fide of Suflcafhav^an, river, 
 100 miles E of Manchefter Houfe, and 
 167 S E by E of Buckingham Haufe. N 
 lat. S2) o 3^' W Ion. io6 27 20. 
 
 Hudfon Rhcr, paffes its whole courfe in 
 the ftate of N. York, and is one of the 
 largeft and fincfi: rivers in the United 
 States. It rifes in a mountainous coun- 
 try, between the lakes Ontario and Cham- 
 plain. In its courfe foutheafl:erly it ap- 
 proaches within 6 or 8 miles of lake 
 George ; then, after a fliort courfe E 
 turns foutherly, and receives the Sacon- • 
 daga from the S "W, which heads in the 
 neighbourliood of Mohavv'^k river. The 
 courfe of the river thence to N. York, 
 where it empties into York Bay, is very 
 uniformly S 12 or 15 W. Its whole 
 length is about 250 miles. From Albany 
 to lake George is 65 miles. Thisdiflance, 
 the river is navigable only for batteaux, 
 and has two portages, occafioncd by falls, 
 of half a mile eacho ■ The banks of Hud- 
 fon's river, efpecially on the weftern fide, 
 as far as the highlands extend, are chiefly 
 rocky cliflsi The paflage through the 
 Highlands, which is 16 or 18 miles, af- 
 fords a wild romantic fcene. In this nar- 
 row pafs, on each fide of which the 
 mountains tower to a great height, the 
 wind, if there be any, is colledled and 
 comprcfied, and blows continually as 
 through a bellows ; vefljels, in pafling 
 through it are often obliged to lower their 
 fails; The bed of this river, which is 
 deep and fmooth to an ailonifliing dif- 
 tance, through a hilly, rocky country, and 
 even through ridges of fome of the high- 
 efl: mountains in the United States, mufi: 
 undoubtedly have been produced by 
 fome mighty, convulfion in nature. The 
 tide flows a few miles above Albany, 
 which is 160 miles from N. York. It is 
 navigable for floops of 80 tons to Albany, 
 siud for fliips to Hudfon Ship naviga- 
 tion to Albany is interrupted by a num- 
 ber of iflands and flioals 6 or 8 miles be- 
 low the city, called the Ovcrjlaugh. It 
 has been in contemplation to confine the 
 river to one channel, by which means it 
 will be deepened, and the difficulty of 
 approaching Albany with veflcU of a 
 larger fize, be removed. About 60 miles 
 above N. York the water becomes frefli. 
 The river is flored with a variety of fifh, 
 
 whicL 
 
HUB 
 
 HUB 
 
 -^ Inch renders a fummer pafTagc to Aiba- 
 r)y, delightful and amufing to thofe who 
 are fond of angling. The advantages of 
 •this river for carrying on the fur trade 
 with Canada, by means of the lakes, are 
 very great. Its conveniences for internal 
 commerce are fingularly happy. The 
 produce of the rtmoteft farms is eafily 
 and fpeedily conveyed to a certain and 
 profitable market, and at the lov/eft ex- 
 penfc. In this refpe<ft, N. York has 
 greatly the advantage of Philadelphia. A 
 great proportion of the produce of Penn- 
 fylvania, is carried to market in waggons, 
 over a great extent of cciantry, fome of j 
 ■which is rough ; hence it is that Pliiladel- j 
 phia is crowdcdwith waggons, carts, horfcs ! 
 and their drivers, to do the fame bufmeis ' 
 that is done in N. York, where all the 
 produce of the country is brought to j 
 market by water, with much Icfs fliew ! 
 and parade. But Philadelphia has other 
 -advantages, to compenfate for this tatu- 
 .ral defedt. The increafing population of 
 the fertile lands upon the northern 
 branches of the Hudibn, muft annually 
 increafe the amazing wealth that is con- 
 veyed by its waters to N. York. The 
 northern and weftern canals, when com- 
 pleted, will be of incalculable advantage 
 to the trade of this ftatc. 
 
 Hiidfons R'l-ver^ a broad but fliort riv-er 
 emptying into Chefapeak Bay, in Dor- 
 xheder co. Maryland. Hill's Point, N E 
 of it, fhapes the broad mouth of the river. 
 Hudfon City, a port of entry and poft 
 town in Columbia co. N. York, on the E 
 fide of Hudfon R. 35 miles S by E of Al- 
 bany, and 132 N of N. York city. In the 
 autumn of 1783, Meflrs. Seth and Thomas 
 Jenkins, from Providence, of Rhode Uland, 
 fixed on the unfeltled fpot, whereon this 
 city ftands, for a town, to which the city 
 is navigable for veflels of any fize. The 
 city is laid out into large fquares, border- 
 ing on the I'iver, and divided into 30 lots. 
 Other adventurers were admitted to pro- 
 portions, and the town was laid out in 
 fquares, formed by fpacious fti eets, crofi- 
 ing each other at right angles. Each 
 fquare contains 30 lots, tv/o deep, divided 
 by a %o feet alley. Each lot is 50 feet in 
 front and 120 feet in depth. In the fpring 
 of 1784, feveral houfes and (lores were 
 - eredted. The increafe of the town from 
 this period to the fpring of 1786, two 
 years only, w'as aftonifliingly rapid, and 
 reflects great honor upon the enterprif- 
 ing and pcrfevering fpirit of the original 
 founders. In the fpace of time jufl: men- 
 tioaed no !efs than jjo dwelling houfes, 
 
 belide fiiops, barns and other buildings, -^ 
 warehoufes, feveral wharves, Ipermaceti 
 works, a covered ropewalk, and one of 
 the befl: diftilleries in America, were erect- 
 ed, and 1500 fouls coiledled on a Ipot, 
 which three years before, was improved 
 as a farmi, and but two years before began 
 to be built. Its increafe fmce has V een 
 •very rapid ; a printing office has been 
 eftabliflied, and feveral public buildings 
 have been ercdled, befide dwelling houfes, 
 flores, &c. 'Phe inhabitants are plentiful- 
 ly and conveniently fupplicd with water, 
 brought to their cellars in wooden pipes, 
 from a fpring 2 miles from the town. It 
 has a large bay to the fouthward, and 
 Hands on an eminence frcm which are ex- 
 tenfive and delightful views to the N W, 
 JN, and i-ound that way to the S E, con- 
 fining of hills and vallies, variegated with 
 woods and orchards, corn fields and mead- 
 ows, with the river, which is in moft 
 places a mile over, and may be feen a con- 
 liderable diflance to the northward, form- 
 ing a number of bays and creeks. From 
 the S E to the S W, the city is fcreencd 
 with hills, at different dillances, and Aveft 
 afar off over tlie river and a large valley, 
 the profpedl is bounded by a chain of flu- 
 pendous mountains, called the Kaats Kill, 
 running to the W N W, which add mag- 
 nificence and fubhmity to thewhole fcene. 
 Upwardsof 1 20c lleighs entered the city dai- 
 ly, for feveral^ days together, in February, 
 1786, loaded with grain of various kinds, 
 boards, fiunojes, fbves, hoops, iron ware, 
 flone for building, firewood, and fundry 
 articles of prcvifion for the market, from 
 which fome idea may be formed of the 
 advantage of its fituation, with refpedt to 
 the country adjacent, which is every way 
 evtenfive and fertile, particularly wefl- 
 ward. The original proprietors of Hud- 
 fon, offered to purchafe a tradl of land 
 adjoining the S part of the city of Albany, 
 and were conftrained, by a rcfufal of the 
 propohtion, to become competitors for 
 the commerce of the northern country, 
 when otherwife they would Lave 
 added great wealth and confequence to 
 Albany. There is a bank here, called 
 Bank of Columbia, whofe capital may 
 not exceed 160,000 dollars. It is corri- 
 pofedof4CO fliares, at 400 dollars each. 
 Hudfon city is governed by a mayor, re- 
 corder,4 aldermen, 4 affiftants and a num- 
 ber of other officers. The number 
 of inhabitants in Hudfon ToiJunf:ip, is 
 3664. N lat. 42 14. 
 
 Hudfon, a flourifliing town in Trumbull 
 CO. ftatc of Ohio, about ^s milea W of 
 
 Warren, 
 
HUN 
 
 HV^ 
 
 tVarren, containing about 200 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Hughcjhurg, a town in Northumberland 
 CO. Pennfylvania, called alfo CatdivtJJy^ 
 fituated at the mouth of Catawefly creek, 
 IS m.iles N E of Sunbury. It contains 
 about 60 handfome houfes, and a meet- 
 ing houfe for fi-iends. It has 13 15 inhab- 
 itants, and is 144 miles N W of Philadel- 
 phia, N lat. 40 S4. 
 
 Hull, the Indian Nantaflcet, a town of 
 SufTolk county MalTachiifetts, containing 
 about 21 houfes, 25 families, and 117 ii^- 
 habitants, and has a meeting houie. It is a 
 peninfub, 8 mUes long, 9 miles E of Bof- 
 ton, on the S fide of the harbour. Grape 
 Ifland, the Great Brcwfters, and fev^eral 
 other iflands, lie near it. On the eaftern 
 fide of the town are two forts, in one is a 
 well 90 feet deep, which often has 85 feet 
 of water. In digging it the ftrata of fliells 
 &c. the WiioJe depth, were regularly dif- 
 pofed,ason the beach. Hull is joined to 
 Hingham by a milldam, where a mill was 
 eredted by a mutual grant from tlie two 
 towns, about the year 1640, which now 
 pays taxes equally to both towns, accord- 
 ing to the contravSi mnde at that time. 
 
 Htimas, an Indian village on the W Ude 
 of Milfiuppi R. in Loulfiana, 60 miles 
 above New Orleans. The Humas were 
 formerly a e bnliderable nation, but about 
 1770 were reduced to about 25 warriors. 
 The Alabamas, whofe villages are near 
 thole of the Hamas, had, at the above 
 period, about 30 warriors, and followed 
 the French here when they abandoned 
 the poft on Alabama river in 1762. The 
 Chctimachas have about 27 warriors. 
 
 Humber River, n\ the E riding of the co. 
 of York, in U. Canada, empties itfclf into 
 lake Ontario, a little to the eaftward of 
 the old fort Torento. 
 
 Huwler, a river of Newfoundland I. 
 which empties into the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence through the bay of Iflands. 
 
 Huntberjlone Toivnjhip, in the CO. of Lin- 
 coln, U Canada, lies between Bertie and 
 "Wainfleet, and fronts Lake Erie. 
 
 Hummers Toivn, a thriving town in 
 Dauphine co. Pennfylvania, containing a 
 German Lutheran church, and about 90 
 houfes ; fituated on the S fide of Sv,rctara 
 creek, 6 miles N of Middletown, 10 E by 
 N of Harrifburg, and lOO W N W of Phi- 
 ladelphia, 
 
 Hungarytoivn, a poft town of Lunen- 
 burgh CO. Virginia aij miles from Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 iiungcrfjrd Toivnjhl^^ in the co. of Haf- 
 
 tlng», U. Canada,'lies in the rear and N of 
 the Mohawk traifl. 
 
 Hungerford^ a townfliip in Franklin ca. 
 Vermont, conlaiuing in 1790, 40 inhab- 
 itants, 7 miles S of the Canada hue and 
 14 E of L, Champlain. 
 
 Hunger Creek, a ftream which carries 
 the various water machinery, in the new 
 and thriving manufacluringtown of Ham- 
 ilton, between Albany and Schenectady. 
 Hunter Fort, 11 miles W of Schenedta- 
 dy,on the S fide of Mohawk river, at the 
 mouth of Schoharie Creek, over which a 
 bridge is about to be built. Here is an 
 old church built in the reign of queen 
 Ann, and 3 or 4 houfes. At this place 
 was the Old Mohawk town, which was 
 abandoned by that nation as late as the 
 Spring of 1780. Thefe Indians had 
 made confiderablc advances in civiliza- 
 tion ; could generally fpeak the Enghfli 
 language, and, numbers of them made 
 profellion of their faith in the Chriftiau 
 religion. In the church which is now 
 ftanding, they ufed to attend public wor- 
 fliip in the Epifeopal form. Thefe In- 
 dians are now fettled, a part of them on 
 Grand river, a northern water of Lake 
 Erie, and a part of them in another part of 
 U. Canada. None of this nation now re- 
 main in the United States. The father 
 of the only remaining family was drown- 
 ed in 1788. 
 
 Hunt St don Co. in N. Jcrfey, is bounded 
 N by that of Morris, E by Somerfct, S E 
 by Burlington, S WandW by Delaware 
 river, which feparates it from the ftate of 
 Pennfylvania, and N W by Suflt^x co. It 
 is about 40 miles long, and 32 broad, is 
 divided into 10 townfliips, and contains 
 21,261 inhabitants, including 1220 flavcs. 
 On the top of Mufkonetcong mountain 
 in this county, is a noted medicinal 
 fpring, much reforted to. It iflues from 
 the fide of a mountain into an artificial 
 refer\'oir, for the accommodation of 
 thofe who wifli to bathe in, as well as to 
 drink, the waters. It is a flrong chal- 
 beate. Trenton is the chief town. 
 
 H'lnterjhicn, a village of Pennfylvania, 
 fituated in York co. 25 miles W by S of 
 York Town. 
 
 Hunting Creek, in Virginia, runs E into 
 Patowraack river, at the S corner of the 
 territory of Columbia. 
 
 Hunting Creek Toivn, a village in the 
 northern part of Dorchefter co. Mary- 
 land ; 14 miles N N W of Vienna, 16 S 
 by W of Denton, and i8 N E of Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 HwntwgdWi 
 
HUN 
 
 HUR 
 
 Ilnnfingibn College. See Georgia. 
 Huntingdon, an extenfive and mountain- 
 «us county in Pennfylvania, bounded N 
 and N W by Lycoming county, E and N 
 E by Mifllin, S 'li by Franklin, S and S W 
 by Bedford and Somerfet, and W by 
 Weftmoreland. It is about 75 miles long 
 and 39 broad ; contains 1,432,960 acres 
 of land, divided into 18 towndiips, which 
 contain 3008 inhabitants. Limeftone, 
 iron ore, and lead are found liere. A fur- 
 nace and two forges manufaccure ■conlid- 
 erable quantities of pig and bar iron, and 
 hollow ware ; large works have alfo been 
 ertabliilied for manvifacLuring of lc\id. A 
 mineral fpring, 6 miles N N E from Ku 1- 
 tingdon, is celebrated for relieving the 
 rheumatifoi, and curing cutaneous com- 
 plaints. 
 
 Huntingdon., is the Capital and a pofl: 
 town of the above county, on the N E 
 lide of Juniatta river, and at the mouth 
 of Standing Stone creek, 50 miles from the 
 mouth of Juniatta, contains about 90 
 houfes, a court houfe, gaol, and 1 25 1 in- 
 habitants. It is about 23 miles W S W of 
 Lewis Town, and 1 84 W N W of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Huntingdonboro, in the fame county, con- 
 tains 688 inhabitants-' 
 
 Huntingdon, a poff town on the N fide 
 of Long I. N. York, at the head of a bay 
 in Suffolk CO. which fets up S from the 
 found, contains about 70 houfes, a Pref- 
 byterian and Epifcopal church. It is 38 
 miles E by N of N. York city. It is op- 
 poiite to Norwalk in Connecticut, and 
 contains 3894 inhabitants. 
 
 Huntingdon, North and South, two town- 
 fliips in Weftmoreland co. Pennfylvania, 
 containing, the former 1484 inhabitants, 
 the latter, 2317. 
 
 Huntingdon, a poft town In Fairfield co. 
 Connedlicut, feparated from Derby on 
 the N E by Stratford river. It has 2792 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Huntington, formerly Nciv Huntington, a 
 poll: town in Chittenden co. Vermont, on 
 the S fide of Onion river, 15 miles S E of 
 Burlington, containing 405 inhabitants. 
 
 Hunting Toivn, a village, where is a pofl: 
 office on the W fide of Chefapeak bay in 
 Maryland, on the S E fide of Hunting 
 Creek, in Calvert co. 3 miles N by \V of 
 Prince Frederick, and 22 E N E of Port 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Huntjhurg, a pofl: town in Franklin co. 
 in Vermont. It is fituated on the Canada 
 line, having 280 inhabitants. 
 
 Hunti To'vjni is the Seat of Jufl:ice in 
 
 JelTerfon county, (Miflifippl Territory} 
 lituated on an elevated plain, near tha 
 middle fork of Cole's creek, about 25 
 miles N from the town of Natchez, on the 
 main poit road to Nallavilie (in Tenneliee) 
 about 10 miles from the mouth of Coles 
 creek, where it empties info the IVIiiiifip- 
 pi river, 'i'his town is Inrrounded bv a 
 rich fertile country, fettled by induilrioua 
 and wealtny inhabitants. 'i'he healthy 
 lituation of this place, together with its 
 local advantages, render it equal, if not fu- 
 perior, to any in the Miilifqspi Territory. 
 An elegant court houfe, gaol, feveral (lores 
 and dwelling houfes have been built lieie. 
 
 Huntfvillf, a poft town in N. Carolina, 10 
 miles from Bethania, and 16 from Rtjckford. 
 
 Hurley, a towniliip in Uifter co. N. York, 
 , containing 1159 inhabitants. The com- 
 pacSt part contains about 30 houfes, fitu- 
 ated on Efopus Kill, about 5 miles from 
 the W bank of Hudfon's river, and lOO 
 N of N. York. The lands around it are 
 low and fertile, but iufefled with wild 
 onions. 
 
 Huron, one of the five principal north- 
 ern lakes. It lies between 43 30, and 
 47 30 N lat. and between 80 45, and 
 84 45 W Ion. and is reckoned to be up- 
 v»rards of loco miles in circumference. 
 The iifli are of the fame kind as in Lake 
 Superior, and it communicates with that 
 lake through the ftraits of St. Marie oa 
 the N W with Mitchigan on the W, and 
 with Erie on the S. It is of a triangular 
 {liape,and on the S W part is Saguinvm or 
 Sagana bay, 80 miles in length, and about 
 lo or 20 in breadth ; the other moft re- 
 markable bay is Thunder Bay ; which fee 
 — alfo fee Manataulin IJland. and Michilli^ 
 mahktnack. On the banks of the lake are 
 found amazing quantities of land cherries. 
 The land bordering on the weftern fliore 
 of the Jake is greatly inferior in quality to 
 that on Lake Erie. It is mixed with land 
 and fmall ftones, and is principally cover- 
 ed with pines, birch, and fome oaks ; 
 but a little diftance from the lake the foil 
 is very luxuriant. 'I'wenty years ago, 
 part of the Indian nations, called Chepa- 
 ways and Ottawas, who inhabited round 
 Saguinum. bay and on the banks of the 
 lake could furnifh 2CO warriors ; and 
 thofe of the latter nation, who lived on 
 the E fide of lake Michigan, 21 miles from 
 Michilhmackkinack could furnifli aco 
 warriors. 
 
 Huron, a fmallriverof the N. W.terrrto- 
 
 ry, which, after a courfe of 38 miles, falU 
 
 into Lake St. Clair from the N W. Gna- 
 
 deahuctten 
 
ICU 
 
 ILL 
 
 ^enhuetten lies on this river. AKo tlis 
 name of another fmall ri\rer in the fame 
 teriitory, which runs N eaftward iato lake 
 Erie, 40 miles vveftward of CayaliOga, and 
 15 S E of the mouth of Sanduiky Lake. 
 
 Hyanls Road. See Barnf.able^ in MafTa- 
 chufetts. 
 
 Hyde, a maritime county in Newbern 
 dlftri6t, N. Carolina ; bounded E by the 
 -ocean, W by Beaufort co. N by Tyrrel, 
 and S by Carteret. It contains 4783 in- 
 habitants, of whom ij86 are flaves. At the 
 court houfe is a poll office. 
 
 Hycootce, or Hycoo, a fmall river v/hlch 
 -empties into the Dan, about 4 miles above 
 the mouth of Staunton river. 
 
 HyJepark, a townfliip in Orleans coun- 
 ty, in Vermont, containing no inhabit- 
 ants, it is %s niiles S of the Canada line. 
 
 IaGO. See Jago, or Tagc 
 
 lata, a bay on the coafl: of Chifi. 
 
 Jbherville, a river or rather a fort of nat- 
 >liral canal, of W. Florida, which, when the 
 IVniTifippi overflov/s, and is high enough ] 
 to run into it, (v/hich is generally in the | 
 months of May, June, and July) forms ' 
 a communication for veffels drawing \ 
 three or four feet, from the MilTifippi to j 
 the gulf of Mexico, eafiward, through 
 the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain. 
 This canal, which has been dignified with 
 the name of river, is dry ail the reft of 
 the year. Its jundtion with the MilTi- 
 fippi is at the town of Manfhack, which 
 ■ftands on its N bank at its mouxh, in lat. 
 30 17.^ Itscourfe is E is or 15 miles, 
 •when it receives the river Amitf from the 
 N, which is boatable fome diftance ; its 
 -courfe is thence about S E between 20 
 and 30 miles into lake Maurepas, which 
 « connedxed by a narrow fcrait, with lake 
 Ponchartrain, which extends nearly to the 
 Oulf of Mexico. This river and thefe 
 lakes, on the N E, with the Miflifippi on 
 the S W, and the Gulf of Mexico E, form 
 the iHand of Orleans, which is 144 miles 
 in length, from N W to S E, and on an 
 average about 12, miles broad. 
 
 Icaqiie Point, on the E end of theifland 
 ®f St. Domingo, lat. 19 2. 
 
 Ichuatoivn, in the GenelTee country, N. 
 York, is an Indian village at the mouth of 
 Ichua Creek, a N E head water of Alleg- 
 hany river. It is 60 miles eafterly of Fore 
 Erie, 70 E by S of La Boeuf, and 67 S W 
 "fcy S of Hartford on Geneliee river. 
 
 Jk-j^ada de Barrirmn^ a town on the river 
 
 La Plata, In S. America. See Bi-ems Ayresi. 
 
 Icy Cape, is the northwefternmoft: head 
 land of N.America fituatcd in the North- 
 ern ocean. Between this cape and Cape 
 North, in Afia, is the opening into Beh- 
 ring's Straits, which Lead from the North- 
 ern into the Pacific ocean. 
 
 Ignacio, St. a town in the eaftern part of 
 Peru, and on tiieN fide of Amazon river. 
 
 Igornacbcix, a bay of Newfouudiand, S 
 of St. John's Bay. 
 
 Ileignes, or St. Charle, a town on the S 
 fide of the iiland of St. Domingo, and zoo 
 fathoms from the city of St. Domingo. It 
 is inhabited by emigrants from the Canary 
 Iflands, and has a few ftrcets which run 
 from the four cardinal points, and cut 
 each other at right angles. The inhabit- 
 ants are the moft induilrious people ia 
 the Spanilh part of the iiland. 
 
 Ilheos, a captainfliip S of that called 
 Bay of All Saints, and in the middle divi- 
 fion of Brazil. Chief town, Paya Ilheos, 
 the capit^.1 of the above province, (lands 
 about 30 leagues N E of Porto Seguro, 
 and as far S W of the Bay of All Saints, ' 
 It is watered by a river of the fame name, 
 and contains about aoo famihes. S lat. 
 15 40, W Ion. 34 28. 
 
 Illinois, * a large navigable river of the 
 N. W. Territory, formed by the confluence 
 of the rivers Plein, and Theakiki, in 41 
 48 N lat. and in 88 4^ W Ion. This no- 
 ble branch of the Miffifippi, after running 
 a ferpentine S W courfe, through an ex- 
 tenfive country of rich, fertile land, and 
 receiving a valt number of rivers from 20 
 to 100 yards wide, which are navigable 
 for boats from 15 to 180 miles, approacl«*. 
 es v,-ithin 5 miles of the Milfifippi ; from 
 thence running eaftward about 1% miles, 
 it pays its tribute by a mouth 400 yards 
 wide, in 38 40 N lat. and in 92 12W 
 Ion. oppofite the large cave, 176 miles 
 al3ove the Ohio and 18 above the Miflbu- 
 ri.^ Ihe lands on the banks of the Illi- 
 nois, particularly thofe on the S E fide, 
 are perhaps as fertile as any part of N. 
 America. They produce in the moft lux- 
 uriant plenty, wheat, rye, Indian corn, 
 peas, beans, flax, hemp, tobacco, hops, 
 grapes, apples, pears, peaches, dying 
 roots, medicinal plants, b^c. Here alfo 
 grow large forcfts of hickory, oak, cedar, 
 mulberry trees, &c. Savannas, or natur- 
 al meadows are both numerous and cx- 
 tenfive. In the forelb are great variety 
 
 of 
 
 '^ote.—* lUinnis lig-iiilics a man oiiuU az'* k 
 tilt; vigour of bis years.— /;:/;i«tf^;nv, 
 
INA- 
 
 fNl3 
 
 »f animals, as buffaloes, deer, Sac. and In 
 the rivers are plenty of fifli, particularly 
 cat, carp, and perch, of an enormous fize. 
 Such is the abundance of wild grapes in 
 this country, that in the year 1769, the 
 French planters upon this river made a- 
 bove no hhds. of ftrong wine, from thefe 
 grapes. On the N W fide of this river is 
 3. coal mine, which extends for half a mile 
 along the middle of its banks, and about 
 the fame di fiance below the coal mine are 
 two fait ponds, ico yards in circumfer- 
 ence, and feveral feet in depth; The wa- 
 ter is ftagnant and of a yellowifli colour ; 
 but the French and natives make good 
 fait from it. The Illinois fiirnifhes a com- 
 munication with lake Michigan, by Chia- 
 go river, between which and the Illinois 
 are two portages, the length of which do 
 not exceed 4 miles. [See Chiago river, 
 Appendix.] The whole length of the 
 river from the fource of Theakiki, which 
 is but a fliort diflance from the river St. 
 Jofeph, oppofite to Fort St. Jofeph on the 
 north, is 480 miles. The Indians have 
 ceded to the United States, by the treaty 
 of Greenville, in 1795, a tradl of land la 
 miles fquare, at or near the mouth of the 
 Illinois ; alfo a tra<ft 6 miles fquare, at the 
 Old Prurias fort and village near the 
 fouth end of Illinois Lake. That lake is 
 only a dilatation of the river, and islituat- 
 «d about 240 miles below the fovirce of 
 Theakiki, and 43 belov/ the Salt Ponds. 
 Jx. is 20 miles long and j miles broad in 
 the middle. 
 
 Illinois Indians inhabit near Kahokia on 
 the Miflifippi. Warriors 26a 
 
 Imperials, a city of Chili in S. Amei^ica, 
 6 leagues from the South Sea, having the 
 river Cauten to the S, and another river 
 to the W, both navigable. It is fttuated 
 on a rifing fteep neck of land, hard to be 
 afcended. In 1600, It was taken by the 
 Indians, after a year's fiege ; moft of the 
 inhabitants having periflied by famine. 
 They burnt the town, and then laid fiege 
 to Soforno. In this war Valdivia, Ai-gol, 
 Sandta Cruz, Chilla, and Villa Rica were 
 taken. After which they became fo con- 
 fident of their flrength, that they fought 
 the Spaniards bravely, and in fome meaf- 
 ure revenged the cruelties they had com- 
 mitted upon their countrymen. The 
 Spaniards afterwards built a tovm here 
 called Conception ; which fee. S lat. 38 
 4*» Wlon. 73 25. 
 
 Inagua, Great and Little, tWO fmall ifl- 
 ands in the Windward PalTage, N W of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo, and N B of tke ifl- 
 mA ©f Cuba:, 
 
 InaitenJue IJlanJy (the Gower Ifland c^ 
 Carteret) fo named by Surville, lies on the-' 
 north lide of the iflands of Arfacides, a 4 
 eafl: of Port Prafiin. 
 
 Incaiy a fouthena branch of Amazoa 
 river, in S. America. 
 
 Independence, JMount, is fltuated on the 
 ftrait through which the waters of Lake' 
 George and Eaft Bay pafs into Lake 
 Champlain, in the N W part of the town 
 of Orwell in Rutland co. Vermont, and 
 oppofxte to Ticcnderoga. 
 
 Indian B ay, licsoVi the Weft fide of Bon- 
 avifta Bay, in New^foundland bland. 
 
 Indian Old Tuzt;n, a town in Hancock 
 CO. Maine, Iltuated on an ifiand in Penob- 
 fcot river-, juft above the Great FjJls, and- 
 about 60 below the Forks. Here are a- 
 bout 100 families, who are Roman Catho- 
 licsi the remains of the Penobfcot trib>e, 
 and the only Indians v/ho refide in the- 
 Diftrldl of Main^. They live together in 
 a regular foclety, and are increaling in 
 number; the Sachems having laid an in- 
 juncfbion' on the young people to marrr 
 early. In a former war, this tribe had 
 their lands taken from them ; but at the- 
 commencement of the American revolu- 
 tion, the Provincial Congrefs granted them 
 a tracSt of land, 1 2 miles wide, interfedled 
 in the middle by the river. They have 
 a right, in preference to any other tribe, 
 to hunt and fifh as far as the mouth of the 
 bay of Penobfcot extends. In their town 
 is a decent church v.^th a bell ; and a. 
 prieft refides among them to adminiftcr 
 the ordinances. 
 
 Indian Orchard, a tra(fb of land In North- 
 ampton CO. Peunfylvaxiia, on the Dela- 
 ware and Lexawacifcln rivers. 
 
 Indiana. Territory, on the N W fide of 
 the Ohio, lately formed a part of the N 
 W. Territor3\ In January 1801, it was 
 by ad: of Congrefs, erciSled into a tempo- 
 rary government, with powers and privi- 
 leges fimilar to other Territorial Govern- 
 ments, It lies between the Great Miami 
 river E, and the MiiTnippI W, the Ohio S, 
 and the Illinois N. It is divided into the 
 three following counties, viz. 
 C\ unties. Nj. Jni,ts. Chi-fToivns. 
 Knox, 2317 St "V^incennes 
 
 R;indo]')h> 1103 KarKnfl^ias, 
 
 St. Clair, 1251 Kaliokia, 
 
 Total. 4S75 
 
 This Territory has a fine foil, adapted t* 
 corn, wheat, rye, oats, cotton, hemp, to- 
 bacco, &c. The two Weftern counties of 
 Randolph and St. Clair, have lately pe- 
 titioned Congrefs to be annexedto the Up- 
 per I^oui£aaa,iiitke Territorial Govern- 
 ment, 
 
 No. Inhti. 
 7f4- 
 . 467 
 
 715 
 
XNU 
 
 11^ -D 
 
 kient, which will probably foon be eflall- 
 liflied there. On the NW bank of the 
 Ohio, about 20 miles fouthward of the 
 Saiouth of the Wabaili, N lat. 37 2^h is a 
 remarkable cave, called the Great Cwve, 
 which is one of the greateft natural curi- 
 ofities on the Ohio. The entrance is 
 ff>acious, and remarkably uniform ; the 
 dome is eliptical, and the uniformity con- 
 tinues to its termination in the Hill. 
 
 EUicoit. 
 Indiana^ a territory in Virginia, lvin<y 
 between Ohio riverand the Laurel Moun- 
 tain, containing about 3 4 millions of acres. 
 It is nearly of a triangular form, and ex- i 
 tends in length from the Pennfylvania 
 line to the waters of the Little Kenhaway 
 It was granted to Samuel Wharton, Wil- 
 liam Trent, and George Alorgan, Efquires, 
 and a few other perlons, in the year 1768, 
 t>v the Shawanefe, Delaware and Huron 
 tribes of Indians, as a compenfation for 
 
 lide of its ihouth the point EI Palfnar, oa 
 the S that of the Leech. N lat. a? to. 
 W Ion. 80 40. *^ ' 
 
 Indian IJland, See Penohfcot RUoer. 
 
 Indians, The amount of Indian popu- 
 lation, m America, can only be guciTed 
 at. The new diicovered illands in the S 
 Sea, and part of the N W coatt are prob- 
 ably the mofl populous. The bell in- 
 formed have conjeclured the number of 
 aboriginal inhabitants, or Indians, in 
 America, to be under t ivo millions and a 
 half. Tlie decrcafe fince the difcovery 
 ot America, has been amazing ; at that 
 period, the idand of Hifpaniola alone 
 contained at ieafl a million of inhabit- 
 ants ; Bartholomew de las Cafas efli mated 
 the num.ber at three millions. Millions 
 were buried in the mines, or hunted to 
 death by the Spaniards, both on the 
 illands and continent. In the northern 
 parts of America, numbers were doubt- 
 
 lolTes to the amount of ;r85,9i6: to : 8 j '^^^ deftroyed in forming the Engliili, 
 
 currency, wnich thefe people had fuflain- 
 cd by the depredations of the Indians, in 
 the year 1763. It is a valuable travftof 
 land ; but the title of the proprietors, 
 thoMgh pronounced good by a Committee 
 ofCongrefsin 1782, is at prefent embar- 
 rafled in confequence of the revolution. 
 
 Indiana^ a new co. in the weflern parts 
 ef Pennfylvania, which, with Weftmore- 
 land and Armftrong, conflitute a dif- 
 triifl, for the choice of 3 P.eprefentatives. 
 Indian?, a fmall harbour in the ifland of 
 Cape Breton. 
 
 Indian River, Diftridl of Maine, a fmall 
 arm of the fea, between Chandler's and 
 Fleafant river. 
 
 Indian River, or Cyprefs S^vamp, lies 
 partly in the States of Maryland and 
 Delaware. This morafs extends 6 miles 
 from E to W, and nearly 1 2 from N to S, 
 including an area of nearly 50,000 acres 
 of land. The whole of this fwamp is a 
 liigh and level bafon, very Avct, thouglx 
 undoubtedly the highcfl: land on that part 
 ofthecoaft. Falfe Cape, at the mouth 
 of Indian river, and the N E part of Ce- 
 dar Neck is in 38 35 15 N lat. and 11 £ 
 miles S of the light houfe at Cape Henlo-. 
 pen. Cedar Swamp contains a great 
 variety of plants, trees, wild beafls, birds, 
 and reptiles. 
 
 Indian River, on the E coafl of the pcn- 
 infida of E. Florida, rifcs a fliort difhmce 
 from the fea coaft, and runs from 
 N to S, forming a kind of inland paflage 
 for many miles along the coaft. It is 
 alio called Rio. Ays, and h^s on the N 
 
 Dutch, and French colonies ; !3ut not- 
 withftanding the ruptures between the 
 colonifts and the Indians, very few com- 
 paratively periflied by war. Famine, 
 and its companion the peftilence, fre- 
 quently deftroy whole tribes. The dif- 
 eafes alio introduced by the Europeans, 
 have made great havock ; the fpintuous 
 liquors, in the ufe of which they have 
 been initiated by the whites, pro^^e per- 
 haps mofl of all repugnant to population. 
 They wafle as the Europeans advance ; 
 they moulder away, and difappcar. The 
 mofl: numerous tribes are at the greateft 
 diftance from the fettiements ""of the 
 whites, and it is very certain that in 
 proportion to their diftance they are un- 
 acquainted with the ufe of fire arms. All 
 the nations N of lake Superior, and thofc 
 beyond tlie MilFillppi, ufe only bows and 
 arrows, fo that when their fcattered fitu- 
 ation is confidercd, the various cuftoms 
 and iuperftitions which it would be nec- 
 effary to reconcile, in order to produce 
 unity of acflion, and what a fmall propor- 
 tion of them have the apparatus, or un- 
 dcrftand the ufe of mufquctry, or pofTefs 
 rcfourccs to enable them to carry on 
 lafting hoftilities againft the power of the 
 United States, it muft be obvious that 
 even partial defeats of the fsderal troops 
 will haften thtir ruin, notwithftanding 
 the wonderful dexterity and intrepidity 
 which they have exhibited in feveral ac- 
 tions with the regular troops in late wars. 
 But this neither is nor ought to be the 
 wiili Qf the iMhabitauts of the United 
 
 States ■; 
 
INB 
 
 IND 
 
 5860 
 
 17,280 
 
 4I3I 
 
 13.423 
 
 575 
 
 2290 
 
 aSoo 
 
 8550 
 
 150 
 
 490 
 
 States; they ought to teach them the 
 bleffings of peace, and curb the exorbi- 
 tant luft of farther extent of territory. A 
 lift of Indian tribes, in Imlay's Hiftory of 
 Kentucky, makes the aggregate number 
 lefs than 60,000 who inhabit the country 
 from the Gulf of Mexico on both fides 
 of the MIHifippi, to the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, and as far weft as the country has 
 been generally explored, that is, to the 
 head water of the Miflifippi, and from 
 thence a good way up the Miflburi, and 
 between that river and Santa Fe. To 
 give any account of the nations farther 
 fouth, far lefs in S. America, would be a 
 taflc beyond all bounds ; the chief of 
 thefe are noticed under their refpeiftive 
 names. The population of the Indian 
 nations in the fouthera parts of the U- 
 nited States, fomewhat different from 
 Imlay, is, according to Mr. Purcell, who 
 relided among them in 1780, as follows : 
 Mufcogees, common- Gm men. Total. 
 
 ly called Creeks, 
 Cha<5taws, 
 Chickafaws, 
 Cherokees, 
 Catabaws, 
 
 13,516 42,033 
 The above red nations have increaled in 
 a fmall degree fince the general peace ef- 
 tabliflaed among them in 1777. The 
 whites incorporated among them are few 
 in number, and lead a vagabond life, go- 
 ing from tribe to tribe as their refllefs 
 difpolition leads them. The increafe of 
 population is conliderably checked by 
 the quantities of adulterated and poifon- 
 ous Ipirituous liquors, and the venereal 
 dil^emper introduced among them by the 
 whites. In the northern diftricft of N. 
 America, Mr. Hutchius,in I778,el1:imates 
 the Indians, N of the Ohio, and E of the 
 Miflifippi, at 13,800, and thofe weft- 
 ward of Lake Spperior and the MifBflppi, 
 at io,ooo. He particularly enumerates 
 the tribes, the number in each, their 
 dwelling and their hunting grounds. 
 Major Gen. Anthony Wayne put an end 
 to the deftruflive war with the Indians 
 by a treaty of peace and friendlhip con- 
 cluded at Greenville, Auguft 3, 179.5, 
 which was ratified by the Prefident of 
 the United States, December 25i, 1795. 
 The Indian tribes iigned the treaty in 
 the following order : IVytnJots, Dtla- 
 "zvares, Shaiuanoes^ OitatVii'fi Chlpaivas, Oita- 
 nvciy Paijzvjiames of thoviver of St. Jofeph, 
 Fataioatamet of Hufon, Mi^mies, MfumU 
 Vol, I. ff 
 
 and Eil Rher, Eel River tribe, Mtamlsi 
 Klckapoos and Kajkajkias^ Delaivares of Saa- 
 dufky, and fome of the Six Nations living 
 at Sandulky. Thefe Indiana ceded to 
 the United States various tradts of land 
 from ato I z miles fquare, near the different 
 ports in the N W rerritory. The Unit- 
 ed States delivered to the Indian tribes 
 above named in goods to the value of 
 20,000 dollars ; and agreed to deliver ia 
 goods to the value of 9500 dollars annu- 
 ally, for ever. The portion which each 
 tribe is to receive will be feen in the ac- 
 count of the particular nation or trib?. 
 Little is yet known of the Indians in the 
 interior parts of N. America. In 1792, 
 Mr. Stewart, faid to be in the emplgy of 
 the Britifli court, returned from four 
 years travels through the hitherto unex- 
 plored regions to the weftward. Taking 
 his courfe weft fouthwefterly from the 
 pofts on the lakes, he penetrated to the 
 head of the Miffouri, and from thence 
 due W, to within jco miles of the fliores 
 of the Pacific ocean. He joined the in- 
 terior Indians in fevcral battles againfl 
 the fkore Indians, all which coming fliort 
 of his obje<5l:, the procuring a peace, fo 
 that he might explore the continent from 
 featofea; after fome ftay, he returned 
 nearly by the lame route he had purfu'- 
 ed in going out. Beyond the Miflburi, 
 Mr. Stewart met with many powerful 
 nations, in general hofpitable and courte- 
 ous. The Indian nations he vifited weft- 
 ward, appeared to be a poliflaed and civ- 
 ilized people, having towns regularly 
 built, and being in a ftate of focietynot 
 far removed from that of the Europeans, 
 and only wanting the ufe of iron and 
 ftcel to be perfe^Slly lb. They are al» 
 ways clad in fkins, cut in an elegant man- 
 ner, and in many refpetfls preferable to 
 the garments in ufe among the whites. 
 Adjacent to thefe nations is a vaft ridge 
 of mountains, which may be called thq, 
 Alleghany of the weftern parts of Amer- 
 ica, and ferves as a barrier againft the 
 too frequent incurlions of the coaft In- 
 dians, who entertain a mortal antipachy 
 to the nations and tribes inhabiting the 
 country eaftward of the mountains. Since 
 Mr, Stewart, Alexander Mackenzie has 
 explored the country from the Lakes to 
 the Pacific ocean. See N. America, N. IV. 
 Coaji, and M^Kenzie^s river. 
 
 Indian To-wn^ in Maryland, a village or 
 Indian Creek, on the S E bank of Chop- 
 tank river, Doicheftcr co. 3 miles S W of 
 Nsw Mafket, 
 
 •indm 
 
ING 
 
 IPS 
 
 TnJ'tan Toivn, a fmall town of N. Garo- 
 Hna,5a miles from Edenton. 
 
 Iniies. See IV4 Indies. 
 Ingles F^rry, Montgomery co. Virginia. 
 Here is a poftoxHce, 315 miles ffom Wafli- 
 ington 
 
 Indtiflrvi-ia. fownfhip in Kennebeck co. 
 Maine, incorporated June, 1805, having 
 Farmiugton W, and Starkes E, ZS niiles 
 N W of A.iguaa. 
 
 Inarahnm, Port, on the wefVcrn fide of 
 Waihington liTand, on the N W coaO; of 
 N. AmerjcA, is divided into two parts by- 
 Young Frederick's Illand. It Is a fine 
 harbour for wintering in, l-veing near the 
 fea, and having deep water. N lat. ^2) 
 37, W Ion. I.:? 3 '18. 
 
 Ingraha^n IJles, in the S. Pacific ocean, lie 
 N N Wof the Marquefas IHands, from 2,5 
 to 50 leagues diftant, and are 7 in num'ier, 
 \\7.. Odhoona, or WaQiington ; Wooapoo, or 
 Adams ; Lincoln ; Nooheevay or Federal ; 
 ^Tatooetee., or Franklin ; Hancock,and Knox. 
 The names in Italic are thofe by which 
 they are known to the natives. The oth- 
 ers were given them by Captain Jofeph 
 Ingraham,of Bofton in MxfiacliufettSjCom^ 
 mander of the brigantine Hope of Bofton, 
 who difcovered them on the 19th of April, 
 1 791, a day remarkable in the annals of 
 America, the revolutionary war having 
 commenced on that day in 1775, and the 
 Urfl: difcoveries made under the (lag of the 
 United States marked its i6th anniverfary. 
 Thefe iflands, lying between 8 3 and 9 -^4 
 S lat. and between 140 19 and 141 18 W 
 Ion. from Greenwich, are moilly inhabit- 
 ed, and appear to • be generally variegat- 
 ed with hills and valleys, abounding with 
 timber, and very pleafant. Nooheeva. or 
 Federal ifland, is reprefented by the na- 
 tives to be the largefl, mod populous and 
 prodvuftive of the whole ; which, they 
 fay, are 10 in number. The people re- 
 femble thofe of the Marquefas I (lands ; as 
 do their canoes, which are carved at each 
 end. Cotton of a fuperlor quality grows 
 here. Tiie natives were friendly. Be- 
 fore Ingrahani's dlfcovery was known, 
 Captain Joliah Ro])erts, of Bollon, failed 
 in the iliip JeiTerfon for the N W Coaft, 
 andlikewife difcovered thefe iflands. He 
 gave them di^erent names ; but to avoid 
 confufion, the reader is referred to each 
 ifiand under the Indian name when it is 
 known. As thefe i Hands, lie in that part 
 of the Pacific Ocean, through which vef- 
 fels from Europe or Avn»rica, l>ound to 
 the N W Coafl, muft- p:\f5, and are not far 
 out of their uiual track; tiiey may be vlf- 
 
 Ited for refrelKtnent in cafe of need. 5e^ 
 
 Noohce-vay and Marquefas IJlundsy 8<C. 
 
 Inlrcbla River, Or Caguela, the name of 
 Orinoco river, at its fource in the moun- 
 tains, weftward, between New Granada 
 and Peru, not far from the S. Sea. 
 
 Inna Cl itn, one of the fpacious plains 
 upon the N fide of Quito, in Peru. 
 
 Infcua River, is laid down in fome maps 
 as the N V/ and main branch of St. Croix 
 river, an eaftern water of the Mifliuppij 
 riling in lat. 48 N; 
 
 Invernefi, Nf-iv, a town on the river A- 
 latamaha, in Gsorgia, built by a company 
 of emigrants from the Highlands of Scot- 
 land, 130 of whom were brought over by 
 Gen. Oglethorpe in 1734. It is about ao 
 miles from Fredcrica; Theie feltlers pre- 
 fented a mofi: pathetic and prophetic re- 
 monfiirance to Gen. Oglethorpe in Janua- 
 ry, 1728, againftthe inirodu6lion of flave* 
 into the colony. 
 
 loiva, a river of Louffiana,, which runt 
 S E into the Miffifippi, in N lat. 41 5, 61 
 miles above the lo-iva Rdfiids, where ont ■ 
 the E fide of the river is the Loiver loiva 
 Town, which 20 years ago could furnilh 
 500 warriors. The Upper loiua Toivni^zhont 
 15 miles belovvthe m_outh of the river, on 
 the E fide of the Mlflifippi, and could 
 formerly furniili 400 warriors. See Riviere 
 du Mains. 
 
 Ipfwich, the Agar.vain of the Indians, is a- 
 port town and port of entry on both fides - 
 (^ Ipfwich R. in Effex co. MafTachufettSy 
 12 miles S of Newburyport, 10 N E of 
 Beverly, 30 N E by N of Bollon, and 
 about a mile from the fea. The townllilp - 
 of Ipfwich is divided into 4 pariflies, and 
 contains 601 houfes, and 3305 inhabitants. 
 There is an excellent ftDne bridge acrofs 
 Ipfwich R. compofed of two arches, with 
 one folid pier in the bed of the river, which 
 conne.'ts the two parts of the town, ex- 
 ecuted under the diredlionof the late Hon. 
 Judge Choatc. This was heretofore a 
 place of much more confideration than 
 at prefent. Its decline is attributed to 
 a barred harbour and fhoals in the river. 
 Its iirttural lltuatlon is pleafant, and on 
 all accounts excellently well calculated to 
 be a large manufadluring town. I'he fu- 
 preme judldial court, the courts of com- 
 mon pleas and felfions are held here once 
 a year, on the lil: Tuefday of April; and 
 from Its Central fituation, it appears to be 
 , tiie mod coTi.'onient place for all the 
 j courts and pubiic otlices of the county. 
 The inhabitants are chie^y farmers, ex- 
 I cept tliofe in the conapail part of the 
 
 towjxil\ip» 
 
1K6 
 
 ISA 
 
 'tswn/T-.ip. A few velTels are employedin 
 the filliery, and a few trade to the W. 
 Indies. Silk and thread lace, of an elegant 
 texture, are nianufa(5lurcd here by wo- 
 men and children, ialaige quantiti<;s, and 
 fold for ufe and exportation in Bofton, 
 and other mercantile towns. In 1790, no 
 lefs than 41,979 yards were made here, 
 and the manufadlure is rather increafmg. 
 Ipfwiclji townfnip was iucoiporated in 
 1634, and is 378 miles NE of Philadel- 
 phia. JSJ iat. 42 43, W Ion. 7050. 
 
 Ipfiv'ub^ Neiv^ a townlliip in Hilifbo- 
 rough CO. Hampfliire, containing 1266 
 inhabitants, iituatcd on the weft fiuc of 
 Souhegan river, and fcparated from 
 Whacohook Mountain by the N line of 
 Maflnchufetts ; 56 miles N W of Bofton, 
 and about 77 W of Portfmouth. It was 
 incorporated in 1763, and has in it a 
 flourilbing academy. 
 
 J/jfivlch River, rifes from fcveral f prings 
 in a meadow in the Weft part of Wil- 
 mington, palling through Reading, Mid- 
 dleton, and Topsfield, it enters the ocean 
 in Ipfvvicii. It is navigable from the 
 mouth to this town, where there are falls 
 on which are erecflcd a number of miils ; 
 juft below which, the poft road crofics 
 the river. It is in general a Huggilli 
 ftrcam, affording but a few mil! feats. 
 
 Irajlurg, a townfliip in Orleans co. 
 Vermont, on Black river, 17 miles N of 
 Kazcn Block houfe, and 12 S of the Can- 
 ada line. It has 15 inhabitants. 
 
 Ireucll County, in SaliftDury diftricV, N. 
 Carolina, is furroundcd by Surry, Row- 
 an, and Burke. The climate is agreea- 
 ble and healthy ; the lands beautifully 
 variegated with hills, and the foil rich. 
 It contains 8761 inhabitants, of whom 
 1^81 are (laves. At Iredell court houfe is 
 a poft office. It is 25 miles from Salifou- 
 ry, and 25 from Charlotte court houfe. 
 
 Ireland, Neiv, a long narrow ifiand in 
 the Pacific ocean, N of New Britain, ex- 
 tending from the N W to the S E about 
 270 miles, and in general very narrow ; 
 between 3 and 5 S lat. and 146 30, and 
 151 E Ion. from Paris. The inhabitants 
 are negroes. The ifiand is covered with 
 wood, and abounds with pigeons, parrots, 
 and other birds. Weft and N W of New 
 Ireland, lie Sandwich, Portland, New 
 Hanover, and Admiralty Ulands, difcov- 
 ered and named by Captain Carteret, in 
 1767. The tracks of Le Maire and 
 Schouten in 1616, of Roggewin in 1722; 
 »ndofBouganvilleini768,pafsthcfeinand/. 
 
 Irois^ I'ointQ de^ or Jrijh Faint j a village 
 
 on the Wend of the ifland of St.Domingo. 
 
 Iron Bdt.ks, a tradl of land on the E . 
 fide of the Miffilippi, below the mouth 
 of the Ohio. 
 
 Iron Crjlle, one of the forts of Porto 
 BcUo, in S. America, v.bich admiral Vcr^ 
 non took and dtftroyed in 1739. 
 
 Iroudtquut, called m lom;e maps Ge Run' 
 degut,?L gulf or bay <5n the ti fide of the. 
 1-ake Oataiio, 4 milts E of W"alkei's at 
 the mouth of Geneffee river. 
 
 Iron Mountains, Greet, in TencfTcc, ex- 
 tends from the river Tcneffte to that of 
 French Broad Irom S W to N E farther 
 to the N E, the range has the name of 
 Bald Mountain, and beyond the Kola- 
 chucky, that of Iron Mountains. Tiie 
 Iroa Mountains, leems to be the name 
 generally applied to the Whole range. 
 It eonftitutes the boundary between Ten- 
 effee, and N. Carolina, and extends from 
 near the lead mines, on the Kanhaway, 
 through the Cherokee country, to the S 
 of Chota, and terminates neartheff-urccs 
 of the Mobile. TI he caverns and caf- 
 cades in theiemounta!n.sare innumerable. 
 
 Iroquois, Pcliti cux,on the St. Lawrence, 
 U., Canada, 6 or 7 miles above the rapid 
 plat in the townfiiip of Matilda. 
 
 Iroquois, See Si>: Natio7:s. 
 
 Iroquois River. Sec Sorrel, 
 
 Ir-vin Ri-ver, is a weftern head water of 
 tlie Ntus, in N. Caiolina. 
 
 lyojin, a townlliip in Venango co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 'iiijy inhabitant;. 
 
 Ifubel, St. one of "the iilands of Solo- 
 inon, 200 miles in circumference in the 
 Pacific Ocean, 7 30 S lat. about i6o 
 leagues W of -Tinia, difcovered by Mea- 
 dana, 1567, whofe inhabitants arc canni- 
 bals, and worfliip ferpents, toads, and 
 otlier animals. Their complexion ig 
 bronze, their hair woolly, and tlicy wear 
 no covering but round the waift. 'Ihe 
 people are divided into tribfs, and are 
 coiiftantly at war with each other. Bat$ 
 were ften here, which from one extiem- 
 ity of their wings to the other, meafurtd 
 3 feet. Dampier, who has the reputation 
 of txacSlnefs, fays that he law, in the 
 fmall illand of Sabuda, on the Wcoaft of 
 Papua, bats as large as young rabbits, 
 having wings 4 feet in extent from one 
 tip to the other. 
 
 Ifabella Ri-ver. See Oznma. 
 
 IJabella Point, lies on the N fide of the 
 illaud of St. Domitigo, and forms the N K 
 (idc of the bay of its n;!me. N lat. 19 
 59 10. This is the port where Colum- 
 bus formed the firft Spanifa iettUment 
 
 oa 
 
16L 
 
 JA C 
 
 on the ifiand, and named both it and the 
 point after his patronefs Queen Ifabclla. 
 He entered it in the night, driven by a 
 tempeft. It is overlooked by a very high 
 mountain flat at the top, and furround- 
 ed with rocks, but is a little expofed to 
 the N W wind. The river Ifabella which 
 falls into it, is confiderable. There are 
 14 fathoms of water to anchor in. The 
 fettlement was begun in 1493, was given 
 up in 1496, when its inhabitants were 
 carried to the city of St.Domingo, which 
 originally was called New Ifabella. The 
 bay is laid to have good anchorage for 
 fliips of war. It is about 29 leagues Eaft 
 by North of Cape Fran9ois; meafuring in 
 a ftraight line. 
 
 Jfi.a^ or rather Ica^ v.'ith Pifco and Naf- 
 ca, three towns from which a jurifdic- 
 tion of Lima in Peru, S. America, has its 
 name. Great quantities of wine are 
 made here and exported to Calao. It al- 
 io produces excellent olives, either for 
 eating or for oil. The tields which are 
 ■watered by trenches, yield an uncommon 
 plenty of wheat, maize, and fruits. This 
 jurifdi(n;ion is remarkable for fpacious 
 woods of carob trees, with the fruit of 
 which the inhabitants feed numbers of 
 ?.f]es, for the ufes of agriculture, to this 
 and the neighbouring jurifdi(5lions. The 
 Indians who live near the fea apply them- 
 fclvcs to fifliing, and after falting'the fifli 
 carry them to a good market in the towns 
 among the mountains. 
 
 Jftond Lake,\n N. America, \V of Hnd- 
 fon's Bay in lat. 60 45 N, Ion. 102 25 W. 
 It is ri^$ miles wide, its length is much 
 greater. It is full of iHands and well 
 llored with lifli. Jleanic. 
 
 Ifiands, Bay of, OH the fouth COaft of 
 
 JNova Scotia. 
 
 Ife Nt'cLar, in the W.Pacific ocean on- 
 ly 300 toifes long, without tree or flirub. 
 It is acceflible only at the S E point, 
 Tvhere a ridge of rocks projec^is two ca- 
 ble lengths into the fea. Lat. 23 34 N, 
 Ion. 166 52 W. 
 
 IJle of Wight, a county of Virginia, on 
 the S fide of James's river, W of Norfolk 
 county, being about ao miles long and 
 15 broad, and contains 5313 free inhab- 
 itantri, and 4029 (laves. A mincfal fpring 
 has been difcovtred near the head of the 
 W branch of Nanfemond river, about 10 
 jniles from Smitlsfield, and 12 from Suf- 
 folk. It is much reforttd to, and fam.cd 
 for its medicinal qualities. 
 
 Jjle Royal, on the N W fide of Lake 
 Superior, lies withiu the territory of the 
 
 United States, N W of the Ohio, is aboiit 
 100 miles long, and in many places about 
 40 broad. The natives fuppofe that this 
 and the other iflands in the lake are the 
 refidence of the Great Spirit. 
 
 JJlfJhorough, a townfliip in Hancock co. 
 Maine, formed by Long Uland, in the 
 centre of Penobfcot Bay, 15 miles in 
 length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth. It 
 was incorporated in 1789, contains 483 
 inhabitants, and is 260 miles N E by N 
 of Bofton. 
 
 JJlcs de Madame, lie at the S end of Syd- 
 ney, or Cape Breton Ifland, on which 
 they are dependent. The largeft of thefe, 
 with Cape Canfo, the £ point of Nova 
 Scotia, form the entrance of the Gut of 
 Canfo from the Atlantic ocean. See 
 Cape. Breton. 
 
 JJIes of Don Jfph Galvez, a large cluf- 
 ter of illands in the S. Sea. Lat. 19 39 S, 
 Ion. 179 38 E from Paris. They arc 
 populous, affording plenty of potatoes,, 
 cocoa, banana and other fruits. 
 
 IJlip, a port town of N. York, Suffolk 
 CO. Long I. E of Huntington, and con- 
 tains 958 inhabitants. 
 
 Ivrogiie Point, in the St. Lawrence, U. 
 Canada, in front of the townfliip of Ed- 
 wardfinirg, lies a little below Ifledu Fort 
 Levi, on the North ll-.ore. Smyth. 
 
 Jivanee,z little town near St. Jago dc 
 Cuba, where a fmall remnant of the an- 
 cient Indians live, who have adopted the 
 manners and language of the Spaniards. 
 
 J ACKSON, a county in Georgia, con- 
 taining 7736 inhabitants, of whom 14CO 
 are llaves. 
 
 Jackfonboro, a poft town, Scriven co. 
 Georgia, 67c miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Jackfon CO in TenefTee, Mero Diftrid:. 
 
 Jachfons Riier, a head water of James's 
 river in Virginia, rifes in the Warm 
 Spring Mountains, about 20 miles fouth- 
 wefl of the Warm Spring Mountains, and 
 runs fouthwefl through the valley until 
 Carpenter's creek joins it from that quar- 
 ter, when the river aflumes the name of 
 Fluvanna, and flows foutheaft. About 
 three quarters of a mile from its Iburce it 
 falls over a rock 2C0 feet into the valley 
 below. The fliect of water is broken in 
 its breadth by the rock in two or three 
 places, but not in its height. Between 
 the fl-ieet and the rock at the bottoin you 
 may walk acrofs dry. It is near half as 
 high again as Niagara, but is only 1 2 or 
 15 feet wide. fackfofjh»rm<gb. 
 
JAG 
 
 JAG 
 
 yacifottjborough, a fmall pcfl town cf S. 
 Carolina, on the W fide of Edifto river, 
 about 2)5 niiies W of Charleftoii. 
 
 'Jacniel^ a jurifdiction and fea port town 
 on the fouth fide of the iiland of St. Do- 
 mingo. This jurifdidlion, in the French 
 part of the iOand, contains 3 pariflies, is 
 remarkable for the goodnels of ^ts foil, 
 and the abundant crops cf coffee ; and is 
 fufceptible of a great augmentation. Its 
 exports from January 1,1789 to Dec. 31, 
 of the fame year, were 27,35cib. white fu- 
 g^^; 55>6a4lb. brown fugar : 4,07a,702ib. 
 of colfee; 406,8321b. cotrun, and iO;046ib. 
 indigo. The duties on exportation of the 
 above amounted to 15,019 dollars, z6 
 cents. The town is fituated on the fouth 
 fide of the neck of the fouth pcniniula. 
 I'he town is 6 leagues weftward of Cayes 
 de Jacmel, 7-| ealt of the bay and town of 
 Baynet, as far fouth of Leogane on the 
 north fide of the peninfula, 13 fcuthweft: 
 cf Port au Prince, and $2) ^^^ ^^ Cape 
 Tiburon. N lat. 18 ai, W Ion. from 
 Paris 75 2. 
 
 jacmel, Cayes de, a town and parifli on 
 the eaft fi<ie of the ftream of its name, 6 
 leagues eaft of the above town of Jacmel. 
 This pariili is bounded eaft by the plain 
 on the Spanifli part, at the foot of the moun- 
 tains of Bahoruco, 80 leagues fquare,fitfor 
 any kind of cultivation. On the neighbour- 
 ing mountains coffee v.-ould fucceed well. 
 "Jacob's Creek, an eaftern water of Youg- 
 hiogany river in Weflmcreland county, 
 Pennfylvania. There is a carrying place 
 6 miles weft to Monongahela river, from 
 the Youghiogany, oppofite the mouth of 
 this creek. 
 
 Jadagbque. See Chataughque. 
 Jajfrey, a port town in Chefhire coun- 
 ty, N. Hampfliire, on the S fide of the 
 Great Monadnock Mountain, 6 miles N 
 of the Mafl'achufetts line, 19 E of Con- 
 nedlicut river, and about 56 W S W of 
 Portfmouth. It was incorporated in 
 1773, and contains 1341 inhabitants. 
 Here are found red and yellow ochre, 
 allum, vitriol, and black lead in great 
 quantities. The buck bean (m.enyanthes) 
 faid to be a rare plant in N. Hampfliirc, 
 and of fmgular ufe in medicine, is foundat 
 JafFrey, near the Great Monadnock. 
 
 Jago, Si. a river in the province of Chi- 
 ametlan, in New Spain, which it is faid 
 rifes in the lake Guadalajara, and emp- 
 ties into the North Pacific Ocean, by a 
 mouth half a mile broad, and 10 feet deep 
 at low water. 
 
 y ago, St. a large river of S. America, 
 which rifes in the audience of Quito, in 
 
 Peru. It is navigable, waters a fertile 
 country, and fails into the Souili Sea. 
 
 y'ago, St. a large and handfcme town of 
 S. America, capital cf Chili, with a good 
 harbour, and a bifl.op's fee, and a royal 
 audience. It is feattd on a large, beauti- 
 ful plain, abounding in ail the i.ecefiariet 
 of life, at the foot of the Cordillera cie Ics 
 Andes, on the river Mapocho, which run* 
 acrofs it from E to W. It is about 120 
 miles from Valparaifo, which is the pert 
 town to it. The ftreets are well paved, 
 and the rooft of them have a ftream of 
 clean water running through them. 'I'he 
 houfes are all low, in general but one ftory 
 of 16 feet, they cover a large extent of 
 ; ground; in the centre is a large open court, 
 of from 60 to ICO feet fquare. '1 his court 
 I is planted •^^■ith a variety of flowers and 
 j fruit trees, and in mcft of the houfes there 
 iis a ftream of frefli water continually ruu- 
 i ning through the court, which fervos at 
 i once to refrefh the flowers, to pleafe the 
 jeye, and benefit the health of the inhab- 
 itants. 1 he infides of the rooms are ele- 
 ! gant, the cornilhes are gilded, and the fur- 
 1 niture is fuited to the rich appearance of 
 '' the houfes. AJmoft ail the common arti- 
 cles ufed iu the houfes are of filver ; and 
 it is not uncommon to fee gold pitchers, 
 gold candlcfticks,&c. They iiave no chim- 
 neys to their houfes, the weather never 
 being fo cold, as to require a large fire ; 
 when it is cliilly they have elegant filver 
 vefTels, filled with coals brought in and 
 placed in different parts of the houfe. 
 Though the houfes are thus elegant, the 
 inhabitants are ftill more interefting. Not 
 a houfe which vou enter is without a gui- 
 tar, and a numt'er of beautiful females to 
 play upon it, who accompany the inftru- 
 ment with their enchanting voices. The 
 people vie with each other in making vif- 
 itants happy ; in the forepart of the 
 day are ofiered fwcetmcats and flowers, 
 and in the afternoon, chocolate; cordials, 
 &c. Indeed more pohte and friendly 
 treatment could not be received from any 
 people, than from thefe hofpitable Ch:- 
 lites. A new mint is now building, a ftu- 
 pendousandelegant fabric 450 feet fquare, 
 curioufly divided, w^th 750 windows and 
 doors. It has a large open fquare in the 
 centre for the flower garden, hke the 
 dwelling houfes, but of a height proprtion- 
 ate to its bignefs on the ground, with a gal- 
 lery ail around it. The roof is flat, which 
 forms a beautiful walk from which the 
 whole city may be viewed to great ad- 
 vantage. IHubdell's Journal.] The towft 
 
JAG 
 
 JAM 
 
 as Fubje(!k to earthquakes, and the Inhab- 
 itants are native Americans and Spaniards. 
 it contains 40,000 inhabitants according 
 :to Abhe Raynal, and carries on a confid- 
 -erable trade with Buenos .Ayrcs, by land, 
 354 leagues diflant. Although above 40 
 iengijcs of the v/ay are amidft the fnov/s 
 and precipices of the Cordlleras, yet it is 
 found fafer and cheaper to fend goods by 
 this road than by fea. See Ckiii. S iat. 
 33 40, W Ion. 69 35. 
 
 Jago de Guattmala St. See Cuatttnala. 
 
 Jogo de Cuba, a'tcwii on the fouthern 
 Toaft of the illand of Cuba, with a good 
 iiarbour, feated at t'ne bottom of a bay, 
 and on ti.e river of the fame name, it 
 tvas formerly the capital of the id and, and 
 was built in 15 14, is well fortified, and 
 commands the windward paflagc. This 
 place has a declining afpecl, and prefents 
 only the ruins of its former greatnefs. 
 Yet it has a noble, fafe, and commodious 
 port, inferior to the Havannah only in its 
 fituatiori. Within 3 leagues of it, at Cov- 
 ery, is a rich copper mine. In the road 
 from St. Jago to St. Salvadore are a great 
 quantity of fiintftoncs, of various iizes, lb 
 round that they miglit ferve for cannon 
 bullets. St. Jago lias a <:achedral v/ith 
 canons refidcntiary, and had once a good 
 trade, but it is removed to the Havanneh, 
 where its bifliop alfo refides. Sir Francis 
 Drake took and burnt this city in 1585. 
 It is about 1% leagues to the eaflward of 
 the Copper Hills, 12 or 13 W of Cumber- 
 land harbour, and 41 S 6 W of the E end 
 of the iHand of Jamaica. N Iat. ao 15, W 
 Ion. 76 40. 
 
 Jijgo de Lean, St. a town of V.enezuelj^, a 
 province of Terra Firm a, in S. America, 
 18 miles from the feacoafl:, and iituated on 
 a plain, amongfl high mountains extreme- 
 ly diiTicult of accefs. It was taken by the 
 Englifli in 1599 ; but afterwards refiored 
 to Spain. 
 
 yago de Ncxapha, St. a town of Guaxaca, 
 in the audience of Mexico, fituated in 
 the valley of Nexapha, on a river which 
 falls into the river Alvarado. It has a 
 rich convent of Dominicans. 
 
 Jcgo Del Efcro, St. a town of S.Ameri- 
 ca, one of the mod confiderable of Tucu- 
 man, and the rcfidciice of the inquifitor 
 of the province, and is a bifliop's fee. It 
 is fituated on the banks of the Dolee, 
 -wliich is here pretty large and navigable 
 ■for vefTels of burden. It is 160 leagues 
 E of Potofi. S Iat 24 40, W Ion. 64 ^c- 
 
 7.7^0 De Las FaUes, St a tov.-n of N. 
 ^\i»erica, in the audience of Mfcico, leat- 
 
 ed on a plain, on the river Panuco, NlitL 
 23, W Ion 71 10. 
 
 Jagc De La Vega, or Spainjh Toivn, is 
 the capital of the iilaiid of Jamaica ; iituat- 
 ed in Middlefex co. on the banks of th-e 
 river Cobre, about 6 miles frum the iea, 
 and contains between 5 and 600 houl'es, 
 and about 5,000 inhabitants, including 
 people of colour. It is the r.eiidence of the 
 governor or commander in chief, who i» 
 accommodated witii a luperb palace. 
 Here the legiflature is convened, and the 
 court of chancery, and tlie fupreme court 
 of judicature are held. It was greatly 
 damaged by a ftormi in 177a. It lies ia 
 the S E part of the illand, about 7 mile* 
 N W of Port Pallage, on the bay of Port 
 Royal. JN Iat. 18 6, W ion. 7649. 
 
 "Jago, St, in the illand of St. Domingo* 
 See Vage. 
 
 Jamaica, a townfliip in Windham co. 
 Vermont, watered by leveral branches of 
 Weft river, and containing ^63 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Jamaica, a pofl and" chief town of 
 Queen's co. N. York, in the W part of L, 
 j ifiand, and contains, a Prelbyterian, an 
 ' Epiicopalian, and a Dutch church, aa 
 academy, and nearly 100 dwelling houfes. 
 It is li miles E of N. York city. The 
 whole townfliip contains 1,661 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Jamaica, an ifiand fituated In the 
 Atlantic ocean, about 4C00 miles S W 
 of Great Britain, and forms one of the 
 mofl valuable appendages to that crown. 
 It is 30 leagues E of the idand of St. Do- 
 mingo ; about the fame diftance N of tha 
 ifiand of C-uba ; having the gulf of Hon- 
 duras on the W, and Carthagena on the 
 continent of S. America to the S, diflant 
 145 leagues. The centre of Jamaica 
 lies in about 18 12 N Iat. and about 76 4j? 
 W Ion. from London. It is 150 miles im 
 length, and on a medium about 40 mile* 
 in breadth, containing 4,080,000 acres ; 
 of which 900,000 acres were planted ia 
 1675 : and in November, 1789, there 
 were no more than 1,907,589 acres loca- 
 ted, or taken up, by grants from the 
 crown. This ifiand is interfedted with a 
 ridge of fteep rocks, from which ifi'ue a 
 vaft number of fmall rivers of pure whole- 
 fome water, which fall down in cataracts, 
 and together with the fiupendous height 
 of the mountains, and the bright vcidur« 
 of the trees, through which they flow 
 with rapidity to the fea on both fides of 
 the illand, form a moft delightful land? 
 ^ fcape J but uoijc we u^vigHbie by marine 
 
JAM 
 
 ^AU 
 
 tefTeis. ThebluemonntainPeakrifes 7431 
 feet above the level of die fea. {Finietto.n.) 
 Black river is the deepeft,andis navigable 
 for flat bottomed boats and canoes 30 
 miles. Sugar is the greatell: and moil: val- ^ 
 ttable nrodiiiiion of this idand. Of this 
 article' was exported to Great Britain in 
 1787, 8^4,706 cwt. in 1 790, 1,1 85 ,519 cwt. 
 It produces alfo cocoa, ginger, pimento, or 
 as it is called, Jamaica pepper, and vul- 
 garly alUpice ; the wild cinnamon, the 
 machined, whofe fruit, though uncom- 
 iiiouly delightful to the eye, contains one 
 of the worfl: poifons in nature ; the cab- 
 bage tree, remarkable for its height, and 
 for thehardnefs of its wood, which, when 
 dry, is incorruptible, and hardly yields to 
 any kind of tool ; the palma, affbrdiug 
 oil, much efleemed by the negroes, both 
 as food and medicine ; the foap tree, 
 whofe berries anfvver all the purpofes of 
 wafliing; the mangrove and olive bark, 
 ufeful to tanners ; the fuftic and red- 
 wood, to the dyers ; and lately the log- 
 wo»d. The indigo plant was formerly 
 much cultivated, and the cotton tree ss 
 finll fo. Here they have maize, or Indian 
 corn, Guinea corn, peas of various kinds, 
 with a variety of roots. Fruits gi-ow in 
 great plenty, as citrons, Seville and China 
 oranges, cominon and fvveet lemons, limes, 
 ffiaddocks, pomegranates, mamees, four- 
 fops, papas, pine apples, prickly pears, al- 
 licada pears, melons, guavas, feveral kinds 
 of berries, and kitchen vegetables in great 
 variety. Admiral Rodney enriched this 
 Beautiful ifland with many of the rare 
 producStions of the Eaft, which fell into 
 his hands by the fortune of war ; particu- 
 larly the bread fruit tree, the true Cey- 
 ion cinnamon tree, and the mango tree. 
 Jamaica can boaft of a botanical garden 
 containing the rarefl: collecStion of curious 
 trees and plants perhaps in the world ; of 
 which a catalogue has been publilhed. 
 The botanical garden contains, among 
 other valuable produAions, the Chinefe 
 ftemp, palm, Otaheite plum, tallow tree, 
 gum arabic, paper mulberry, from which 
 paper and cloth are made, tea plant, and 
 Chinefe olive. The other produflionr., 
 both animal and vegetable, are fuch as 
 are common to the otheriflandsin the Weft 
 Indies ; but mahogany is now become 
 fcarce. In many parts of Jamaica there is 
 a great appearance of metals ;^and it is 
 belie7ed that the Spaniards had mines 
 both of (liver and copper. A lead mine 
 was indeed opened fome years ago, near 
 W the Hope eltate, in St. AedravrV par- 
 
 ifli ; but the pofTeflbrs find more proiTtiJiP 
 cultivating the furface of the earth thaif 
 digging into its bowels. Jamaica is di- 
 vided into 3 counties, Middlcfcxy Surry,- 
 and Cornwall , fubdivided into 20 parifli- 
 es, as follows . Middlc/dx contain* thofe of 
 St. Mary, St. Ann, St. John, St. Dorothy, 
 St. Thomas in the Vale, Clarendon, Vere, 
 St. Catherine, the town of St. Jago de la 
 Vega, the capital, and 1 3 villages ; 244 
 fugar plantations, and 43,626 negroes. 
 5?. rry contains the parilhcs of St. Andrew,. 
 St. George, Portland, Port Royal, St. Da-' 
 vid, St. Thomas in the Eaft, Kingfton, the 
 towns of Kingfton and Port Royal, 8 vil- 
 lages, 159 fugar plantations, and 27,337 
 negroes. Cornivall contains the pariilies 
 ofTrelawney, St. James, Hanover, Weftr- 
 moreland, St. Elizabeth, the towns of Sa- 
 vanna la Mar, Montego Bay, and Fal-- 
 mouth, 3©9 fugar plantations, and 57,835 
 negroes. The whole 20 pariflies contaia 
 18 churches and chapels ; and each par- 
 ifh has a re6f-or and other church officer*. 
 Prefentations to livings are made by the 
 commander in chief. The number of 
 white inhabitants in 1787, was 30,006 ; 
 freed negroes 10,000 ; n^aroons 1400 ; 
 and flaves 250,000 ; in all, 304,000. The 
 value of this iiland as Bri^iflx property, i« 
 eftimated as follows : 250,000 negroes at 
 £$0 fterling each, l% It2 millions ; tlie' 
 landed and perfonal property and build- 
 ings to which they are appertinent, 25 
 millions more ; the houfes and property 
 in the towns, and the veflels employed i» 
 trade, I 1-2 millions ; in all 39 millions. 
 The exports of Jamaica for one year, 
 ending the 5th of January, 1788, amount- 
 ed in fterling money to ^T 2,136,442 : 17 : 3. 
 In 1787 the exports to the United States 
 amounted to £(>o,o<)^ : 18 fliillings, and 
 importations from the United States to 
 the value of ^^90,000. This ifland was 
 originally a part of the Spanifli empire in- 
 America. It was reduced under the Brit- 
 ifll dominion by Penn and Venables iia: 
 1656, and ever fince has been fubjedl: to 
 Great Britain. The government of it is 
 one of the richeft places next to that of 
 Ireland, in the difpolal of the crown, the 
 ftanding falary being ;^ 2500 per annum,- 
 and the affembly commonly vote as muck' 
 more to the governor*; which, with other 
 perquifite , make it on the whole little 
 lefs than i 10,000 a year. This fine ifl- 
 and is fubit 51 ♦•o earthquakes and hurri- 
 canes, wi ch have done it incredible 
 damage, see IFtyl Indui aud Cold Spring. 
 
JAM 
 
 yames\ Ttay, Ties at the bottom Of m6ft 
 Ibuthcrn part of Hudibn's Bay, with 
 which it commuaicateg,and divides Njw 
 Britain from South Wales; It contains 
 feveral iflands, among which are Bear, 
 Viners, Charleton, and Agomifca iflands. 
 Michipicoton river, which falls into Lake 
 Superior, has its fource towards this b.iv, 
 from whence there is fnid to be bnt a 
 fbort portage to Moofe river, which falls 
 into James's Bay. 
 
 yames's Crfpe, ^t. Is the fouthernmofl ex- 
 tremity of Wa{hington Ifles, oa the N W 
 cOafl of N. America, 
 
 yames's IJiand, lies on the S fide of 
 Charlefloa harbour, in S. Carolina, oppo- 
 fite to Charlefton, and contains about 50 
 families. It is feparated from John's Ifl- 
 and on the weftward by Stono river. 
 
 yamesl a navigable river of Virginia, 
 called anciently Poivhatan by the Indians, 
 is formed by the juncSlion of Jackfon'a 
 and Cowpallure rivers, which are nearly 
 equal. At the very place where it be- 
 gins to break through the Blue ridge, it 
 receives the Nortli river, which is one 
 third as large as the main ftream. Be- 
 tween the Bhie ridge, and Richmond, it 
 receives Buffaloc Tye river, Rockfifli, 
 Rivannah on the N, on the S Bent 
 creek, State river and WillisV It af- 
 fords harbour for vefTels of any fize in 
 Hampton Road, but not in fafety through 
 the whole winter ; and there is naviga- 
 ble water for them as far as Mulberry 
 Jfland. A 4,0 gun fliip goes to Jamef- 
 town, and, lightening herfelf, may pafs to 
 Harrifon's Bar, on which there is only 15 
 feet water. Veflels of 250 tons may go 
 to Warwick; thofe of 125 go to Rock- 
 cta's, a mile below Richmond, from 
 thence is about 7 feet water to Rich- 
 mond ; and about the centre of the town 
 4\ feet, where the navigation is interrupt- 
 ed by falls, which In a courfe of 6 miles, 
 defcend about 80 feet perpendicular. A 
 canal is nearly or quite completed for the 
 palling of boats by thcfe falls. Above 
 thcfe the river is navigable for batteaux 
 and canoes to within 10 miles of the Blue 
 ridge; and even through the Blue ridge a 
 ton weight has been brought ; and the ex- 
 penfe would not be great, when compar- 
 ed with its objetSl,* to open a tolerable 
 navigation up Jackfon's river and Carpen- 
 ter's Creek, to within 2'j miles of How- 
 .ard's Creek of Green Briar, both of which 
 Jiave then water enough to float vefTels 
 into the Great Kanhaway. In fome fu- 
 ture fUte of population, it is pojQ[ible that 
 
 JAQ_ 
 
 its navigation may alfo be made to inter- 
 lock with that of the Patowmac ; and 
 through that to communicate by a fhort 
 portage with the Ohio. 
 
 James City, a CO. of Virginia, 30 miles 
 long and 12 broad, lying between Chick- 
 ahominy and James's rivers. It contains 
 1542 free inhabitants, and 2318 flaves. 
 
 JjTnvs, a fort on the N fide of LobloUo 
 Bay, in the ifiand of Antigua, in the head 
 of which is St. John's harbour. 
 
 James, a creek in Delaware, which 
 empties into Delaware Bay, ii miles be- 
 low Hook Ifland. Dover, the feat of gov- 
 ernment, ftands on this creek, j miles 
 from its mouth. 
 
 Jczmes Dartmouth^ Fort, a fortrefs at the 
 confluence of Broad with Savannah river. 
 It was eredted under the Britifli govern- 
 ment, and defigned as a defence of a com- 
 mercial and political iutercourfe with the 
 Indians. 
 
 James's, St. a town of Maryland, fituat- 
 ed in Kent co. 4 miles fouthwefterly of 
 the town of Chefter. 
 
 James, Gosfe Creek, St. a parifli in 
 Charleflon diftridt S. Carolina, containing 
 9683 inhabitants ; of whom 3161 arc 
 flaves. 
 
 Jiimes Santee, St. a parlfh in the above 
 diflricSl, containing 4240 inhabitants ; of 
 whom 3843 are (laves. 
 
 Jamejloivn. See Cnionlcut. 
 
 Jamyioivn, a poft town, and formerly 
 the metropolis of Virginia, and county 
 town of James City county. In 1777 it 
 had but one family. Tlie church and 
 other buildings are mouldering to ruins. 
 It is the oldeft town in the fettlements 
 formed by the Englifli in N. America. It 
 is fituated on a peninfula, on the N fide 
 of James's river, 32 miles from Point 
 Comfort, at the mouth of the river in 
 Chefapeak Bay. It is 8 miles S S W of 
 Will iamfburgh, and 68 S E by E of Rich- 
 mond. N lat. 37 9. 
 
 Jamejloivn, in Prince Edward co. Vir- 
 ginia, on Appomatox river, iz miles 
 from the court houfe N E. 
 
 James, Great and Little, St. two of the 
 fmaller Virgin iHes, fituated in the King's 
 Channel E of Tortiila, and W of St. 
 Thomas, between which and them, is St. 
 James's palfage. 
 
 . James's Toivn, in the ifland of Barba- 
 does, in the W Indies, is fituated in St. 
 James's pariih, on the W fide of the ifland. 
 
 Jancira, Rio Je. See Rio de Janeria. 
 
 Jaquet, a river on the foutbcrn fide of 
 Clialcur Bay, called by the Indians Boa- 
 
 (omkick^ 
 
JAY 
 
 JEP 
 
 ' iumlieky IS about 3 leagues W of Billl 
 Down. Here is a fmall ialmon iilliery. 
 Jaquemel. See "Jacmel. 
 Jardinc del Reyiuiy a vafl ciiifler of ifles 
 and rocks on the S fide of the ifland of 
 Cuba. Thefc furnifli immenfe numbers 
 of large and fine turtle. 
 
 Jaxtftionly a rlver in Louiuma which 
 runs a S E courfe and empties into the 
 jMiiTifippi in N lat. 39 15, about 16 miles 
 S of the mouth of Fahiani river, and 13 
 N of that of Oahaha river. 
 
 Juy^ a townfliip in Kennebcck co, 
 Maine, thus nnrntd in honor of John 
 Jay, governor of the ftate of N. York. It 
 lies on boLh (idesof Great Amereflcoggen 
 R. and includes the great bend whicli 
 from an eafterly and wefterly courfe fud- 
 dcnly turn? foutherly in this townlLip, 
 and palTes into I^ivcrmore, and has 430 
 inhabitants. The Indian name of this 
 place was Rochomckne. 
 
 "j^iy^ Valley., a fettlemenit in the town of 
 Kattfliill, N. York, fermerly called MiV/or 
 Kill. This name was changed in honor 
 of governor Jay. 
 
 "Juyria^di canton, parifli and river on 
 tlie S fide of the iiland of St. Domingo. 
 Tiic rivers -Nigua and Jayna are about 
 4 leagues apart ; and between them lies 
 an extcnfive and fertile plain, vv'hich was 
 originally an a])undant lource of riches 
 to the colonifts. The quantity of pure 
 gold, that was dug from its cavities, its 
 fugar, cocoa, indigo, and other planta- 
 tions paid duties tt) a greater amount 
 than thofe now paid by all t!ie Spanilli 
 part of the iiland put together. It was 
 in this territory, and on the river Jayna, 
 that the famous lump of gold was found, 
 tvhich the Spanliu writers fay Aveighed 
 3600 Spanifli dollars ; without mention- 
 ing man)'- others of a remarkable fize. 
 Tiie fettlements Gamboa, Guayabal,Bon- 
 aventura and Cagnabola, which laft was 
 
 formerly called tiie Whale, are 
 
 very 
 
 ronfiderable : the whole employment of 
 the people is breeding of cattle, or, the 
 walliing of gold fand. Indigo grows wild 
 here. The river Jayna is not fordable ; 
 it is crolTtd in canoes and flcins at 250 
 fathoms from its mouth; and the ani- 
 mals are obliged to fwim acrofs it. 'The 
 coaft lying between Jayna and St. Domin- 
 go is of Kuk, almofl: perpendicular, in 
 general from 6 to rj feet high. Oppo- 
 lite this coafl; arc a number of Ibo.ils, 
 each of about 40 fathoms wide. To- 
 wards the fource of this river v/ere the 
 celebrated gold mines of St. Chriao- 
 Voi.f, Gg 
 
 pher'j, near which Columbus eredicd thj* 
 fort of that name. There are alfo rich 
 l^lver mines on this river. The eftablifli- 
 ments in the plain of St. Rofe, and thofs 
 on the Jayna ought to be looked upon as 
 depending on the city of St. Domingo, 
 f hey are reckoned to contain aooo per- 
 fons ; for the xt.oH part people of colour, 
 free and flaves. 
 
 Jc'u.i Rabd, ^ to'ivn on the N W part of 
 the N penlnfula of the iiland of St. Do- 
 mingo, in 1955 N lat. and in 7542%'/ 
 Ion. from Paris. It is 4 leagues E of the 
 Mole, and 32 W of Cape Francois. Jean 
 Rabel Point forms tlie anchorage of that 
 name, which is good, fafe, and cafy to 
 fetch. You can anchor in 15 fathoms. 
 You may go farther in as far as 8 fath- 
 om.s ; but it is not fafe, as the water flioals 
 fuddcnly, and the ground is not fo clean 
 infide. The DAiarcaduir:, or landing 
 place, is a very good one, even if there 
 ibould be a fwell ; it h under the fort, 
 which is exceedingly well placed, and 
 makes it a very good retreat from an en- 
 emy. Tlie grounds hold well, and the only 
 winds to fear are the N and N W. 
 
 J'jferfon, Fort, in Oiiio State, is lltuated 
 on a fmall ftream which falls into the 
 Great Miami ; contains about 100 men ; 
 a I miles N of Fort St. Clair. N lat. 4c 4. 
 
 yfjferfon, a fort on the E bank of the 
 MiiTiiippi, in Kentucky, near the line of 
 the State of TeneiTce. 
 
 Jefferfjn, a port town of Virginia, on 
 the N fide of Roanoke river, 19 miles be- 
 low the Occoneachcy Iflands. N lat. 
 
 36 3^- 
 
 Jeff'^rfor, a county of Kentucky, bound- 
 ed N and W by Ohio river, S by Nelfon 
 county, and S E and E by Slielby. It 
 contains 8305 inhabitants ; of whom 2330 
 are fiavel. Chief town, Louifville, at the 
 Rapids of the Ohio. Drinnons Lick, in 
 this county, lies on the S W lide of Ken- 
 tucky river,about 15 milesfromits mouth ; 
 and is fcparated from the famous medic- 
 inal fpring by a fmall rivulet. 
 
 "Jejj^erjun AcadcKiy, is in Amelia co. Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Jir^lrfony a county of Georgia, creiSlcd 
 in 1796 from the counties of Burke and 
 Warren, bordering on Ogechee river, and 
 Briar and Big creeks. Courts and elec- 
 tions are held at Louifville for this coun- 
 ty. It has JC684 inhabitants. 
 
 jfff^-'fp'it a town in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampdiire, containing 112 inhabitants. 
 
 "Jeffurjon, a county in TenelTee, Hamil- 
 ton diftriit, is bounded N bv Green co, 
 
 £ by 
 
JER 
 
 JOH 
 
 IE by N. Carolina, watered by the Kol- 
 fton, French, Broad and Nollachuckcy 
 livers, and contains with the county of 
 Cocke 9017 inhabitants, of whom 695 
 are fiaves. 
 
 Ji^h-fon^ a county of the ft: ite of Ohio, 
 hounded S by the Ohio, N by Lake Erie, 
 ihchidmg the traiH: t-allcd the ConneiSbi- 
 cut reierve. Chief town, Stubenville. It 
 contains 8766 inhabitants. 
 
 "Jifffcrfon, a town of Pcnnlylvania, 9 
 miles from Amity, and 7 from Scottville. 
 
 Jeffrey's Ledge, 2. fand bank, on the coafl 
 of MalTachufetts, between Cape Ann and 
 Cafco Bay, extending from the N E to 
 the S W; between 4a 4O1 and 43 37 30 N 
 lat. and between 68 5 a 30, and 69 45 W 
 Icn.^ 
 
 Jckyl Soh-ndy in the mouth of the river 
 Alatamaha, in Georgia, which will alTord 
 fafe riding for a dozen iTiips of 40 guns. 
 
 Jentitito-zuny a vilbige where is a pofl: 
 ofTice, in Montgomery co. Pennfylvania, 
 10 miles N of Philadelphia. 
 
 'Jctmchjhadega, an Indian village in Penn- 
 fylvania, on the W bank of Alleghany 
 river, 14 miles S E from the outlet of 
 Chataughque Lake. 
 
 Jeremie, a jurifdiiflion, town, and cape, | 
 within the bite or bay of Leogane, and \ 
 on the fouthern peninlula of the iiland of | 
 &t. Domingo. This is the vv'tfternmoft ju- j 
 rii'di(fti'on of the ifiand, contains a parifhes, ! 
 and is celebrated for the excellency of its , 
 foil- but particularly for the culture of 
 coiTee. Its exports from Jan. i, 1789, to 
 Dec. 31, cf the fame year w^ere as follows : 
 1420 lb. white fugar, 247,760 lb. brown 
 lugar, 5,440,646 lb. coffee, 54>786 lb. cot- 
 ton, 7398 lb. indigo ; and various articles 
 to the value of 297 livrcs. The exporta- 
 tion duty on thefe productions amounted 
 to 13,328 doUai-s 6 cents. The town 
 ftands on the W lideof liiebay and at the 
 mouth of a brook, a league S by W of 
 Point Jeremie, 11 due N r)f Port a Piment 
 on the S iidc of the pcninfula, and nearly 
 8 leagues E of Cape Dame Marie. Point 
 Jeremie lies in N lat. 18 42 30, \V Ion. 
 from Paris 76 32. 
 
 yerc'myfqiiam, an ifiand in Lincoln' co. 
 Maine, which, with Folly llland, form the 
 mouth of Sheepfcoct riverin WilcaflcL Bay. 
 
 Jerkoy a pod town in Chittenden co. 
 Vermont, lies S E of ElTex, and N E of 
 Willi Tton, and feparated from the latter 
 by Onion river, and has 728 inhabitants. 
 
 Jerico, a poll town of N.York, in Chen- 
 cngo CO, on the E branch of Sui'juehauna, 
 and has 939 inkubit::nts. 
 
 Jeromy lor I: St. a fort on the S Ilde'O* 
 the iiland of St. Domingo, on the fea fidt, 
 and near the road from tlie city of St. 
 Domingo, and in the canton of Jayna. 
 It is no more than a fortified redou!)t n\ 
 mafonry ; but it is conftruclcd with art. 
 
 "Jerfey Field, a icttlement in Norway 
 townlliip, in Kerkemer co. N. York, oa 
 Canada creek. 
 
 Jerufalem, a poft town in Ontario co. N. 
 York. The compacSl part of it forms a 
 liandfome town, on the W fide of Seneca 
 Lake, and conrains about 50 families, the 
 followers of Jemima Wilkinfon. It has 
 1 21 9 inhabitants. It is 30 miles N E by 
 N of Bath, and 16 S S W of Geneva. 
 
 yerufalc?n, or Funh Toivn, a town of 
 Maryland, Wafliington co. on Antietam 
 creek, about 2^ miles S W of Elizabeth 
 Town. It contains about 50 dwellings, 
 arrtl a German diurch. 
 
 yernfalem, a poft town, Southampton co. 
 Tirginia, 210 miles from Walhington. 
 
 Jerufalctn, Old. See Fallen City. 
 
 jeruyb, a mountain lituated in the 
 valley of Ureclio, in Mexico or New 
 Spain, is a great curiolky. Before the 
 year 1760, there Was nothing of it but 
 a fmall hill, where there was a fugar 
 plantation. But on the 29th of Septem- 
 ber, 1760, rt burft with furious fliocks, 
 and entirely ruined the fugar works 
 and the neighbouring village of Guaca- 
 na ; and from tiiat time has continued 
 to emit fire and burning rocks, which 
 have formed themfclves into 3 high 
 mountains^ whofe circumference was 
 nearly 6 miles in 1766. The aflies at 
 the eruption were forced to the dillance 
 of 150 nr^les. In the city- of Valadolid, 
 60 miles dirta.nt, it rained aflies in fuch 
 abundance, that they were obliged to 
 fweep the yards of their houfes two or 
 three times during the day. 
 
 "Jeffamhie-i a county of Kentucky, con- 
 taining 5438 inhabitants, of whom 1553 
 are fiaves. Chief town Nicholafville, nam- 
 ed after Col. Nicholas, an eminent lawyer, 
 and intelligent ftiitefman. 
 
 yefus, Ijlc dc, a fmall ifiand lying 8 de- 
 grees due N of the New llebrides llland, 
 and 1450 leagues W of the coaft of Peru, 
 in S lat. 6 5c, E Ion. from Paris 165, dif- 
 covered by Mendana, Jan. loth, 1567, in- 
 habited by a copper coloured and mulatta 
 race of m(?n. 
 
 yolriy Br.youk nf, St. a little creek which 
 furniilies a very eafy communication from 
 New Orleans to W. Florida. It is naviga- 
 ble for \ ellc4s drawing about 4 feet water- 
 
 6 laDes . 
 
OH 
 
 ^- miles up from the lake Ponchartrain, 
 vvhene there is a landing place, at which 
 veflels load and unload ; this is about a 
 miles from the town. The entrance of 
 the Bayouk of St. John is defended by a 
 battery of 5 or 6 cannon. 'I'here are fome 
 plantations on the Eayouk, and on the 
 road from thence to New Orleans, which 
 fee. 
 
 'John de Fronilera^ St. is the chief town 
 of tile province of Cuyo in Peru. 
 
 John's TJlands, in S. .Carolina, lies S W of 
 Charleflon harbnur, divided from James' 
 I (land by Stono river, which forms a con- 
 venient and fafe harbour. 
 
 yohu's IJland, in the bay of Quinte, TJ. 
 Canada, oppofite the Mohawk fettlement 
 W of Richmond. StKyth. 
 
 yobns College, St. in Maryland, in the 
 city of Annapolis, was inftituted in 1784, 
 to have 24 truftees, with power to keep 
 up the fucccflion by fupplying vacancies, 
 and to receive an annual income of ^{,'9000. 
 It has a permanent fund of yf^ 1750 a year 
 out of the moneys ariling from marriage, 
 licenfes, fines and forfeitures on the Weft- 
 ern Shore. This college, with Wafliing- 
 ton college at Cheflertown, conftitute one 
 jmiverfity, named " The Univerlity of 
 Maryland." The convocation of the U- 
 niverfity of Maryland, who are to frame 
 the laws, preferve uniformity ^f manners 
 and hterature in the colleges, confer the 
 higher degrees, determine appeals, &c. 
 
 Johns, St. one of the chief towns of 
 NcAvfoundland ifland, fituated on the E 
 coaft. N lat. 47 3^, W Ion. 5a 21. It hes 
 on the bay of tlie fame name. Its har- 
 bour is one of the beft in the ifiand, and 
 has from 10 to 17 fathoms water up to 
 King's wharf, which is a little to the N iV" 
 of the Old Fort, at the bottom of the town, 
 and .is a mile from tlie mouth of the har- 
 bour. A mile further is the mouth of 
 Caftor river, in which diftance tliere is 
 from 14 to 4 fathoms of water. On the S 
 fide of this river is King's wharf, an hof- 
 pital, and a watering place. Near tliefe 
 are the hills called the High Lands of St. 
 John's. Nlat. 47 32, W Ion. J2 29. 
 
 Join's, St. a bay and. ifland on the W 
 coafl of Newfoundland, in tiie gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, at the S W end of the llraits of 
 BelliHe. 
 
 Je/j;t's Riv^r, St. in E. Florida, rifts in or 
 near a large fv/amp in the heart of F. Flor- 
 ida, and purines a northern courfe, in a 
 broad navigable flream, which in feveral 
 places fpreads into broad bays or lakes ; 
 of -which Lake George is the cliief. Vef- 
 
 fels tliat draw 9 or 10 feet water, may nav- 
 igate fafely through the W channel int^ 
 St. John's river as far as Lake George, 
 v.'hich fee. The bar at the mouth is lia- 
 ble to fliift. It is io| leagues N of St. Au^ 
 gu rUne. 
 
 Johns Rhcr, Little St. in \Y. Florida, falls 
 
 into Apalache Bay, about 10 miles eaft- 
 
 ward of Apalache river. It is faid to be 
 
 the cleareU and pureft of any in America, 
 
 is about 200 yards broad, and about 15 or 
 
 CO feet deep at the town of Talahafcchetc. 
 
 j The fwamp called Ouaquaphenogaw- is 
 
 I faid to be its fource, which is 100 miles 
 
 I by land from Talahafochtte, and, foliow- 
 
 I ing its windings, from the fea 20C miles. 
 
 i The Indians and traders fay it has no 
 
 I branches, or tributaries, which fall into 
 
 ; it ; but that it is fed by great fprings 
 
 which break out through the banV:s. 
 [ Johns, St. is the largelt river in the Eril- 
 iili province of New Brunfwick. i'rora 
 its mouth on the N iide of the bay of Fun- 
 dy, to its main fource is ccrnputed to be 
 350 miles. The tide flov/s 80 or 90 miles 
 up this river. It is navigable for lioops 
 of 50 tons 6c miles, and for boats 2co. Us 
 general courfe from its fourc^e is E S E. 
 It furniflies the greateft plenty of falmon, 
 bafs, and ftyrgeon ; and is the common 
 ! rout to Quebec. About a mile above the 
 ' city of St. John's is the only entrance into 
 this river. It is about 80 or 100 yards 
 wide, and about 400 yar<ls in it;ngth ; 
 called the falls of the river. It being 
 narrow, and a xidge of rocks running 
 acrofs the bottom of the channel, on which 
 are not ab»ove 17 feet of water, it is not 
 fufficiently fpaciou« todifcharge the freiu 
 waters of the river above. 7~he common 
 tides flowing here about 20 feet, the wa- 
 ters of the river, at low water, are about 
 12 feet higher than the waters of the fea ; 
 at high v/atcr, the waters of the fea are 
 al)out 5 feet higher than thofe of the riv- 
 er ; fo that in every tide there are 2 falls, 
 one outwards and one inv/ards. The on- 
 ly time of pafilng with fafety is 3t tbe 
 tune when the waters of the river ar^ level 
 vnth the waters of the fea, which isfwice 
 in a tide, aiid continues not, more than 
 20 minutes each time. At other times it 
 is either impalTable or extremely danger- 
 ous ; refembiiug the palTage of Heii Gate 
 near N. York. The banks of this river, 
 enriched by the annual frellietft, are ex- 
 cellent land. Atiout 30 miles from it? 
 mouth commences a fine level coiUitry of 
 rich intervale and meadow lands, well 
 clothed with timber and wood, fuch as 
 ". -., pine, 
 
JOH 
 
 JCH 
 
 pdne, beech, elm, 
 has many tributa 
 
 laple, and walnut. 
 r ftreams, which 
 
 It 
 fall 
 
 into it on each fide, among which are the 
 Oromocto riv^er, by which the Indians 
 have a communication vath Paffamaquocl- 
 uy ; the Nailiwach and Madamkifwick, 
 on which are rich intervales that produce 
 'all kinds of grain in the liigheft perfec- 
 tion. This noble river, in its numerous 
 and extenllvc branches, Vv-atcrs and en- 
 riches a large traO^ of excellent ctuintry, 
 a great part of which is fettled and under 
 improven;ent. The up'ands, in general, 
 are covered with a fine growth of timber, 
 fuch as pine and fprucc, hemlock and hard 
 ■wood, principally beech, birch, maple, 
 and fome afli. The pines on this river 
 are the iargeft to be met with in Britifh 
 America, and afford a confiderabie fupply 
 of mafls, fome from 10 to 30 inches in di- 
 ameter, for the Britifh navy. 
 
 Johns, Si. one of the Virgin iflands, \ 
 about 12 leagues E of Porto Rico. It is 
 about 5 miles long and i bro '.d ; and 2 
 leagues S of St. Thom.as. It is the beft 
 watered of all the Virgin Ifles ; and its 
 harbour, called Crawl Bay, is reckoned 
 better than that of St. Thomas, and pafTes 
 for the befl to the leeward of Antigua. 
 There is, however, little good land in the 
 jdand, and its exportation:; are tri/ling. 
 
 Jobns, Si. an ifland in the gulf of St. 
 
 Lav/rence, near the northern coafl of No- | 
 
 va Scotia, to v/hlch government it is an- \ 
 
 nexed. It is 117 miles in length from N ! 
 
 E to S W. 'Ihe m.edium breadth is 20 
 
 miles; but between Richmond Bay on j 
 
 the N, and HaUfax Bay on the S, it is not 
 
 above 3 m.iles broad. The other bays on 
 
 the N fide are London Harbour, Grand 
 
 Pvaflied, and St Peters ; thofe on the 8 
 
 lide, Egm.ont, Halifax, and Hillfborough. 
 
 On the E fide. Three Pviver H;;rbour, 
 
 and Murray Ha: hour. It has feveral fine 
 
 rivers, a ricli foil, and is pleafantly lituat- 
 
 ed. Its capital is Charlotte Town, the 
 
 rcfidencc of the lieutenant governor, who 
 
 is tlie chief officer on the illand. The 
 
 number of inhabitants is about 5000. 
 
 Upon the reduction cf Cape Breton in 
 
 1 745, the inhabitants quietly fubmitted 
 
 TO the Brltilli arms. Vv'hile the French 
 
 pofiefTed this illand, they improved it to 
 
 fo much advantage, as that it was called 
 
 the granary of Canada, which it furnilhed 
 
 with great plenty of corn, as well as be-^f 
 
 and pork. When takeii, it had 10,000 
 
 hc:ul of black cattle upon it, and feveral 
 
 of the farmers I'aifcd 12,000 bufliels of 
 
 corn anriually. Its rivers abound with 
 
 , falmon, trout, and eels, and the furrouiftU- 
 i ing fea affords plenty of frurgeon, plaice, 
 I and moll kinds of fliell fifli." The ifland 
 is divided into 3 counties, viz. King's, 
 j Queen's, and Prince's counties ; which are 
 I fubdivided into ix| pariflies, confifling of 
 I 77 townfliips, which in all make Ij363;400 
 acres, the contents .of the iJland. '^I'he? 
 chief towns, befide the capital,are George- 
 town, Prince's Town ; befide which are 
 Hillfborough Town, Pownal Town, Ma- 
 ryborough Town, &;c. It lies between 
 45 46, and 47 10 N lat. and between 44 
 12, and 46 32 Wlon. 
 
 Johns St. the N wefternmoft; town in 
 SulTex CO. Delaware, is at the head of the 
 middle branch of Nanticoke river, about 
 27 miles N E of Vienna in Maryland, and 
 22 S by W of Dover. 
 
 Johns, Si. a town and fort in I^. Cana- 
 da, on the W bank of Sorel river, at the 
 N end of lake Cliamplain, 28 miles fouth- 
 ward of Montreal. It has been eftabli fil- 
 ed as the fole port of entry and clearance 
 for all goods imported from the interior 
 of the United States into Canada, by an 
 ordinance publiflied by the ex<^cutive 
 council of L. Canada, the 7th of July, 
 1 796. It was taken by General Montgom- 
 ery in Nov. 1775. N lat. 45 9, W Ion. 
 72 18. 
 
 Johns, St. a lake in L. Canada, which 
 receives rivers fr«m every diredtion, and 
 fends its waters through Saguenai river 
 into the St. Lawrence, at Tadoufac. It is 
 about 15 miles each way. 
 
 John's Berkley, St. :^Y'^y\ih of S Caroli- 
 na, in Charleflon diflridl, containing 7193 
 inhabitants ; of whom 6479 ^^"^ Haves. 
 
 JoWs, Si. a fmall ifiand in the W. bi- 
 diesjbclonf^ing to Denmark, N of St. Croix, 
 
 and S of Tortohi, to which laft it is very 
 near. It is noted only for its fine har- 
 bour, which is faid to be fufhcient to con- 
 tain in fafety the whole Britifh navy. It 
 has a number of fait ponds, which, how- 
 ever, arc no evidence of its fertility. 
 
 y>jhns CJ'eion, Si. a parifl) of S. Caroii- 
 nai^in Charleilon dlftri(5t, containing 6689 
 inh?'bitants; of whom 6031 are flaves. 
 
 John's, Si. the capital of the ifland of 
 Antigua In the Yi. Indies. It is a regu- 
 larly built town, with a harbour of the 
 fame name, fituated on the W fliore, and 
 on the N E fide of Loblollo Bay. The 
 entrance of the harbour is defended by 
 Fort James. This town is the refidencc 
 of the governor general of t!ie leeward 
 Charaibe Iflands, and where the affeni- 
 hU is held, aud the port v/here the great- 
 eft 
 
JOH 
 
 efl; trade ts carried on. It v/as fo flour- 
 (iliing as to receive a lofs by a flarm, to 
 the value of jT 400,000 fterliii^' N lat. 17 
 4, W Ion. 62 4. 
 
 "John, St. or yuan ds Porto R'lco^ the cap- 
 ital of tlie illaad of Porto Rico, in theW. 
 Indies. 
 
 J'jhnjhiiry, St. a tovvafliip in Caledonia 
 CO. Vermont, bounded S W by Danviile, 
 and has 663 inhabitants. 
 
 John/on Forty'm S. Carolina, lies on the 
 N E fide of James's iiland, and S of the 
 city of Charicfton. It Ihnds at the en- 
 trance of the liarbonr, and by which no 
 vefTc! can pafs unicls the mafter or mate 
 make oath that no malignant di (temper is 
 on board. A guard is kept here. 
 
 yoh-i/ion Fcrt, in N. Carolina, ftands on 
 the W banlc of Cape Fear river, oppolue 
 to the iOand on the feacoaft whofc fouth- 
 ern point is Cape Fear. 
 
 'Johnfonfooroiigh., a poft town of N. Jer- 
 fey, 10 miles from SulTex court honle. 
 
 ^(yhnfons Landing Placs^ is on Oyong- 
 wongyeh Creek, about 4 miles eaftward 
 of Fort Niagara. 
 
 Jt}hnfon,-A county of N. Carolina, New- 
 hero dirti-i6t, bounded S E by Glafgow, N 
 by Franklin and Wayne counties, and S 
 by Sampfon. It contains 6201 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 1763 are flaves. It is 30 
 miles fquare, watered by the Neufe, I.ittle 
 river and other flreair.s. The greateft 
 part of the county is level, and corn is 
 the principal produce. Chief town, 
 Smithfield. 
 
 yohitjlcivn, a poft Jown and the capital 
 ©f Montgomery county, N. York, on the 
 N bank of Mohawk river, 34 miles W of 
 Schene'ftady. The com paifl part of tho 
 town is a little back from the river, and 
 contains about 70 houfes, a Prelbytcrian 
 and an Epifcopal church, a court houfc 
 and gaol. In the townflxip are 393 z in- 
 habitants. Caghnawaga is a parilli or 
 diflriciof johnflown xb miles above Seller 
 nectady on the river. Settlements have 
 been made here for about %o years. Here 
 Hand the dwelling houle, barn, and oiit- 
 houfes (ail of fcotic) formerly occupied 
 by Sir William Johnf'on. This fettlcment 
 was moftly dcfiroyed by the Britilh in 
 the year 1780, who were joined by a party 
 of Indians and others, under the com- 
 mand of Sir John Johnfon. In this ac- 
 tion it is ailertcd, that Sir John evinced 
 a want of feeling which would have dif- 
 graced a favage. The people deftroyed 
 in this expedition were his old ncigh- 
 |3olirs, with whom hshad fonnerly lived 
 
 J OP 
 
 in the liab'ts of friendfliip. His eftnt« 
 was among them ; and the ii:!nibitants 
 had always conftdtrcd him as their frieuJ, 
 Thefc unfortunate people, after feciuu- 
 their houfes and property conlume-d^ 
 were liunitd, fuch as could walk, into 
 cruel captivity 5 tliofe who could not, fell 
 vitElims to the tomahawk and Icalping 
 knife. 
 
 yohnjloivny m ilie townfliip of Edwardf- 
 burgh, U. Canada, is lituated upon the 
 river St. Lawrence above the upptmioft 
 rapids, in aicendingto lake Ontario. From 
 this town velitis may be navigated with 
 fafcty to Quecnflown,and at the ports of 
 lake Ontario. The French had a gy rrifon 
 in front of l\\u town, the ruins of v/hich 
 are ft ill viiiole. Smyth, 
 
 yohpjtoiv}i^ I\fezc, in the townflnp of 
 Cornwall, U. Canada, is lituated upon 
 the river St. Lawrence, below the long 
 Sault, to the northward of Grand lilc 
 St. Regis ; and is now called Cornwall. 
 SMyilj. 
 
 yohrrJJon, a townfliip in Providence co. 
 Rhode I. W of the town of Providence, 
 having 1364 inhabitants. 
 
 yohvf.uny a townfliip in Franklin co. 
 Vermont, has 135 inhabitants. 
 
 jfp/j, a port on the S coad of Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 y(jnus\ Sound, the mcft northern inlet 
 on the weftcrn coaftof Sir Thomas Smith's 
 Bay, lying near the arcSlic circle, in lat. 
 76. 
 
 yones, a county of N. Carolina, in New- 
 hern diftricl, bounded N by Craven. It 
 contains 4S41 free inhabitants, and it<)<^ 
 flaves. It is well watered by Trent river, 
 and its tributary ftreams. Chief town, 
 Trenton. 
 
 yontPjurovgh, a poft tovv'n, and chief 
 town of Wailiiington diftrict in TentiTec, 
 is the feat of the diftridt and county- 
 courts. It is 26 miles from Greenville, 
 1 01 trotn Knoxvilie, 40 from Abingdon 
 in Virginia, and 627 from Philadelphia. 
 
 yoTKJborotigh, the chief and poll town of 
 Camden co, Edenton diitriol:, N. Carolinn. 
 It contains a court houfe and a few 
 dwelling houfes. 
 
 yojie's Ford, on Brandywine creek, is- 5 
 or 6 miles above Chad's i ord, in Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 yone's Tfzvn, in Pennf/lvauia. Sec 
 W/UiafJ'Jhurg. 
 
 yotics. Cape. See LooJiCut Cape. 
 
 ycppa, a fmall tov^n in Harfotd cb. 
 Maryland, ao miles K by N of Baltimore, 
 and 8^ S W of PJ»iI&dclphia. 
 
 ycrdcns 
 
J'OIS 
 
 jtrA 
 
 '^onions jiJ-Jcr, paHe.- throiigli Trciiioii, 
 ^1 the diftricl of Maine, 8 miles from 
 Union river. 
 
 Jore, a -village and mountain in the 
 Cherokee country. The mountain is 
 faid to be the highefl in the Cherokee 
 country, and through which the Teaei- 
 lee river force* its waters. 7'he Indian 
 village, called Jore, is lituated in a beau- 
 tiful lawn, many thoufand feet higher 
 than the adjacent counti'y. Here is a 
 Jittle grov3 of the Cafme Yapon, called 
 by the hidians the beloved tre£. They 
 are very careful to keep this tree pruned 
 and cultivated, and drink very ftrong in- 
 fufioa of the leaves, buds, and tender 
 branches of this plant. It is venerated by 
 the Creeks, and all the fouthern maritime 
 nations of Indians. 
 
 Jofeph, Lake St in N. America, lies E 
 of Lake Sal, and fends its waters by Cat 
 J^ake river into Cat Lake, and afterwards 
 forms the S E branch of Severn river. 
 The lake is 3 1; miles long and 13 broad. 
 •Cfuaburg Houfe is on the N E part of 
 the lake ; which fee. 
 
 jofeph. Ilet a Pierre, .1 village on the 
 wefternmofl: toafl of the iHand of St. Do- 
 iningo ; about 3 leagues N W of the vil- 
 lage r-f Tiburon. 
 
 joffijbL, St. MH iflaad in the Straits of 
 Marie, which convey the waters of Supe- 
 rior into f>ake Huron. Here is a garri- 
 foa of Rritifn troops. It is the mofl well- 
 crn poll: they hold in that country. 
 
 yop;{)l.\\ St. in the province of Califor- 
 nia, in Mexico. N lat. 23 3. 
 
 Jof'/)//s^ Pay, St. on the coafl of W. 
 Florida, is of the figure of a horiefliOc, 
 being aoout iz miles in lengtli, and 7 
 acrofs where b:-o3d<ft. 7"hc bar is nar- 
 row, and immediately within it there is 
 from 4 to 6^ fathoms' faft ground. The 
 befi: place to anchor, is juft within the 
 peninfula, oppofue to ibme ruins that flill 
 remain of the village of St. Tofeph. The 
 peninfula between St. Jofcph's and Cape 
 -Blaize is a narrow flip of land, in fome 
 places not above a quarter of a mile 
 broad. A very good eftablilliment miglit 
 be made here for a fiflicrv, as the fettlers. 
 might make fait on the fpot to cure the 
 .bais, rock, cod, grouper, red mullet, 
 &.C. which are here in abundance. 
 
 J^ifefj^ St. a river which runs N W in- 
 to the S E pur» of Lake Michigan. It 
 ■fprlngs from a number of Imall lakes a 
 little to the N W of t!iC Miami village, j 
 -it is rapid and full ot fmall ifiands. The j 
 J^awLctratamic ladiaas refide on this riv- i 
 
 er, oppofltc Fort St, Jofeph. They -ca* 
 raife 300 warriors. At or near the con- 
 fluence of the rivers St. Mary's and St. 
 Jofepli's, where Fort Wayne now flands, 
 the Indians have ceded to the United 
 States a tradi of 6 miles fquare. 
 
 Jofeph, Fort St. is fituated on the eafl- 
 crn fide of the above river in N lat. 42 14, 
 W Ion. 06 10. It is about 175 miles S W 
 by W of Detroit, to which place tlierc is 
 a ftraight road. 
 
 Jofephy St. a port on the W fide of the 
 ifland of Triiiidad, near the coaft of Ter- 
 ra Fipma. 
 
 J'ifcph, 5'/. a fmall town and port on the 
 W point of the N peninfula of the illand 
 of Triiiidad, in the W. Indies, 
 
 Jrjfcph, St. a bay on the W fide of the 
 ifland of Trinidad, defended by a fmall 
 battery. It has a few houlcs on It, and 
 lies S E of Port of Spain, the capital of 
 the iiland. Near it is a mountain having 
 mineral pitch. 
 
 Juan, St. the capital of California in 
 N. America, N lat. a6 25, W Ion. 
 114 9. 
 
 Juati, Fort St. ftands in the province of 
 New Leon, in N. America, on the S W 
 fide of the Rio Bravo, in the 29th degree 
 of N latitude and icifl of \V longitude. 
 
 "Juan de la Frontera, St. a town of Chili 
 in S.America. In its neighbourhood are 
 gold mines. S lat. 53 25, W Ion. 68 SS- 
 
 Juan de Porto Pico. See Porto Rico. 
 
 juan de Ftica, Entrance of. See Fu:a. 
 
 Juan Fernandes, an iiland in the South 
 Pacific ocean, 38 leagues caftward of the 
 iHand of Mafia fuero, and 390 W of the 
 continent. S lat. "^-^f 32, W Ion 79 50 
 from Greenwich. It is fupp<:)fed to have 
 been inhabited by a Spaniard, whofc 
 name it retains ; although it was long 
 abandoned by him and his nation ; but 
 is more remarkable for having been the 
 rcfidence of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch- 
 man, whofe life and adventures furniflied 
 De Foe with the ground work of that 
 admirable novel Robinfon Crufoc. The 
 harbour lies in Cumberland Bay, on the 
 N fide of the ifland. Since the lliip Co- 
 lumbia was there, no foreigners! are al- 
 lowed to anchor in the road. Majfa Fue~ 
 ro JJlandWiz^ 22 leagues W by S of this 
 iflaud. Juan Fernandes, which is repre- 
 fented as an earthly j)aradife, furnilhcd 
 refreiliment to Lord Anfon's fquadron 
 in his voyage round the world. Its great- 
 efl lengtli is 5 leagues ; its breadth lefs 
 than two. On the S W is a fmall ide 
 called Goat J/Iand,:iixd a rock called Man" 
 
 Mey 
 
KA A 
 
 KA^r 
 
 key iury,almoft contiguous to it. On the 
 N fide are three bays ; but the middle- 
 inoft called Cumberland Bay, where 
 Commodore Anion anchored with his 
 /liips, is the be ft. Theic bays, antl the 
 ■whole coafl; abound with great variety of 
 lifli in abundance. Admiral Anfon low- 
 ed here a great variety of vegetables, and 
 planted plum, apricot and peach (tones, 
 which the Spaniards fay are now thriv- 
 ing trees. 
 
 Jucatan. See TTucatan. 
 
 Judith, Point, the S eafternmofl: point 
 ofRhode Ifland State, fituated on the fea- 
 coaft of Wafliington county, in South 
 Kingilon townfliip. 
 
 Judofa Bay, in Louifiana, lies in the N 
 W corner of the gulf of Mexico. A 
 ch«iu of ifiands fornr a conimunic<*tion 
 between it S- weftward to St. Bernard's 
 Bay. 
 
 "Julian, St. a harbour on the coaft of 
 Patagonia, in S. America, where fliips 
 bound to the Pacific ocean ufually touch 
 for refrefliment. S lat. 48 Ji, W lea. 
 6 s 10. 
 
 Julienne. See Neyhe. 
 
 Juliet, Mount, in N. America, b'es on 
 the N fide of Illinois river, oppoute the 
 place where that river is formed by the 
 juniflion of Theakiki and Piein rivers. 
 iThe middle of Mount Juliet is in N lat. 
 42 5,Wlon. 83 44, 
 
 Jumping Point. See Na-veftnk Harbour. 
 
 Junius, a military townlliip in Onon- 
 daga CO. N. York, at the N end of Cayuga 
 Lake. 
 
 Junius Creek, a northern branch of the 
 Little Kanhaway, which interlocks with 
 the wcftern waters of Monongahcia 
 river ; and v.'hich may one day admit a 
 fliorter paiTage from the latter into the 
 Ohio. See Little Kanbaivay. 
 
 K. 
 
 K 
 
 AAT's Baan, in N. York State, h'ee on 
 tiie W bank of Hud Ton river, 7 miles S 
 from Kaats' Kill, and 11 N E by N from 
 Efopus. 
 
 Kauts' Ki^, or C.itpll, a fmall village of 
 30 or 40 houfcs and ftorcs, in Green co. 
 N. York, on the W fide of Hudfou's river, 
 about 100 roods from its bank ; 5 miles S 
 of Hudfon city, and 1%$ N of N. York. 
 It has the appearance of a thriving place, 
 and it is in contemplation to eredl build- 
 ings on amarihy point, on the margiu of 
 the river, for the advantage of deeper 
 vater j. the creek ou '.vhicU the (tores 
 
 now ftand being too flialloW. Thetowiti^ 
 lliip of this namqcoutains 2408 inhabit-** 
 anis. See Caylill: 
 
 Kaats' Kill, a creek on which flands the 
 above town. 
 
 Kaats" Kill Mountains, in the vicinity C$ 
 the above tO\vn, on the V/ bank of Hud- 
 Ton river, which make a majeftic appear- 
 ance. Thcl'c are. the firft part of the 
 chain of mountains called the Alleghany, 
 or A-ppalachian mountains. 
 
 Kahnoaivolohal'c, the principal village of 
 the Oneida Indians, in which is Oneida 
 Caftle, about iO miles S of W from 
 Whiteftown, and li W of Paris. Thers 
 is but one framed houfe in this village. 
 Their habitations are but a fmall im- 
 provement upon the ancient tvigiuanis ^ 
 and are thinly fcattered throughout aa 
 enclofure of leveral miles in circumfer- 
 ence ; within which they keep their cat- 
 tle, horfes, and iwiue, and without plant 
 their corn and fow their grain. 
 
 Kuhokia, a poft town, and chief town 
 in St. Clair co. Indiana Territory, con- 
 taining yiy inhabitants. It is 65 miles 
 N of Kalkaikias, on the fouthern fide of 
 Small river, i mile from its mouth. A- 
 bout the year 1774, this village contain- 
 ed 50 houfes, fome of them well built, 
 and 3C0 inhabitants, with SO' negrocd, 
 and large fLocks of cattle, iwine, &c. 
 
 Hutchins. 
 
 Kamfchatha ^ea, lies between the con- 
 tinents of Afia and America. In 66 N 
 laL they are feparated by a ftrait only 18 
 miles wide. Captain Cook, in his lafk 
 voyage, has eitabliihed the certainty of 
 this near approximation of thecontiuents,. 
 beyond a doubt ; and that the inhabit- 
 ants of each continent arc fimilar, and, 
 frequently pals and repafs in canoes front 
 one continent to the other. From thefe 
 and other circumftances it is rendered 
 highly probable that the N \V part of 
 America was firft peopled from the N E 
 parts of Aha. The Efquimaux Indians 
 being mauifcftly a fcparatc fpecies of 
 men, and bearing a near rcfembiauce to 
 the northern Europeans, it is believed 
 that they emigrated from the N W parts 
 of Europe. 
 
 Kunhataa, a large mountainous county 
 on the weftcrn line of Virginia, having 
 the Ohio river on the N W, and Ken- 
 tucky W. The population of this coun- 
 ty is 3008 free inhabitants, and 231 flaves-. 
 About 7 miles from the moutii of Elk 
 river in this county, is a burning fpring,. 
 capaciou? eayii^h to hold 40 gallons. A 
 bitwminous: 
 
kATJ 
 
 tCAg 
 
 fcituniinouf. vapour conftautly IfTaes from 
 k, which agitating ths|ffand arouud it, 
 gives it the appearance'of a boiling fpring. 
 Op- prefenting a torch withiti 1 8 or 20 
 inches of the mouth, i: flames up in a 
 column, 4 or 5 feet la height, and about 
 18 mches diameter, and which fome- 
 times burns 20 minutes, and at other 
 times Jias continued 3 days. At the court 
 Jhoufe is a poll office, 406 miles from 
 ■VVadiinglon. 
 
 Kanhaiviiy, Grfiif, a river of Virginia, of 
 cdnfiderable r.ote for the fertility of its 
 lauds, and ftill more as leading towards 
 the. head waters of James's R. But it is 
 (doughtful whether its great and nuirie- 
 xous rapids will admit a navigation, but 
 nt an experife to wliich it will require ages 
 to render its inhabitants equal. The 
 jrreatobftacles begin at what are catkdthe 
 Oreat Falls, 90 miles above the mouth, 
 below which are ouiy 5 or 6 rapids, and 
 thefe palfable with Ibme difficulty even 
 at low water. From; the fall? to the mouth 
 «>f Green Briar is 100 miles It is s8o' 
 yards wide at its niouth. The head wa- 
 ters of this river are in the weftein part 
 cf N Carolina, in the moft caflerly tldgc 
 of the Alleghany or Appalachian moun- 
 tains, and S of the 36th degree of latitude. 
 Its head tjranches encircle tljofe of the 
 Holfbon, from which they are fepr.ratcd 
 by the Iron Mountain, through v/hich it 
 paiTes 10 rhiles above the lead mines. 
 About 60 miles from Little R. it receives 
 Green Briar R. from the E, which is the 
 only confiderable tributary fir earn in all 
 that diflance. About 40 miles below the; 
 mouth of Green Brir^r R. in Virginia, in 
 the Kiinhav/ay, is a remarkable cataract:. 
 A large rock, a little elevated in the mid- 
 dle, crofTes the bed of the river, over which 
 the w^ater Ihocts, and falls about 50 feet 
 perpendicularly, except at one fide where 
 the defcent is more gradual. The great 
 Kanhaway is 196 irules below Pittfiiurg, 
 and is navigable moft of the year ; and a 
 waggon road may be made through the 
 mountain, which occafions the falls, andby 
 a portage of a few miles only, a communi- 
 cation may be had between the waters of 
 Great F^anhaway and Ohio, and thofe of 
 James's R. in Virginia. Down this river 
 great quantities of goods are conveyed up 
 the Kentucky river, others on h^rieback 
 -<3r in waggons to the fettled part, and 
 fold on an average, at 100 per cent, ad- 
 -irance. See Sulphur Spring. 
 
 Kafihutvay^ TJtt'c^ a fm all navigable river 
 «i Virginia, which is 150 yards wide at 
 
 its niouth, and Is navigable 10 miles only. 
 Perhaps its northerly branch, called Juni- 
 us Creek, which interlocks with the weft- 
 em waters of Monongahela, may one 
 day admit a fliorter paffage from the lat- 
 ter into the Ohio. 
 
 Kio, one of the Friendly Ifiands, having 
 a conical, lofty elevation.' It is lefs than 
 2 miles in diameter. 
 
 Kc'ppas^ a trii>e of Illinois Indians, in 
 Louifiana : they lie a httie above the 
 Sothouis. This nation was formerly 
 very numerous before the difcovery of 
 the Mlfliiippi. The country they in- 
 habit has good pafi'urage. 
 
 Kappas Old Fort, in Louiliana, (lands on 
 th^ Miffifippi, at the niouth of the river 
 St. Francis. It was built by the French 
 principally for a magazine of rtores and 
 provifions, during the wars with the 
 Chickafaws; by ■w^hom their Illinois con- 
 voys were con'l:antly attacked and fre- 
 quently deflroyed. 
 
 , Karatuiih^ OX Caraiunh, a plantation ia 
 1 Kenneljeck CO. Maine, conhfting of 136' 
 inhaL)itants. It is on Kennefceck river, 14 
 mile'. N of Brockrield. 
 
 Kafiufnias a pbO: town, and the chief of 
 Randolph co. on tl.e S W bank of the 
 river of the farre name, a water of the 
 Miffifippi, in the Indiana Territory, cp- 
 pofite Old Fort, and iz miles from the 
 mouth of the river, but not half that 
 diflance from the Miiufippi. It contains 
 about ICO hcufes, many of them well 
 built; feveral of ftone, with gardens, and 
 large lots adjoining, ltnowcontains467in- 
 habitants, 47 are Haves. The former have 
 large ftocks of black cattle, fwlne, &.c. 
 
 Kaj"uifiias, an indian nation near the 
 river of their name in the Indiana Terri- 
 tory. They could furniih 250 warriors 
 in 1 7 7^1. Three miiei? northerly of Kaikai- 
 kia? is a village of Illinois indiar.s, of the 
 Kafkaildas tribe,containing,in 2 7745about 
 210 perfons, and 60 warriors. They 
 were formerly brave and warlike, but 
 are now degenerated and debauched. 
 At the late peace, the United States 
 granted them a fum of money in hand, 
 audi •ecameboundtopay them 500 dollars 
 a year for ever. In Auguft 1 803, Gov. Har- 
 rlibn concluded a treaty with the Kalkaf- 
 kia Indians, by which they cede to the 
 United States in full right, the immenfe 
 tract of country extending from the 
 mouth of Illinois river to the mouth of 
 the Ohio ; from thence to the mouth of 
 the Saline Creek, below the Wabafli ; 
 thence bounded by the high lands, divid- 
 ing 
 
K AT 
 
 KEN 
 
 tjvg the waters wljich run into the Vra- 
 bafli from thole which run into the Saline 
 Creek; thence by the highhmds divid- 
 ing ihe waters which run into tlie Wa- 
 baflijfrom iliufe which run into the Milli- 
 lippi, until it reaches to the river Kal- 
 kallcia ; thence, by the Iiigh lands ■fS'liicli 
 divide the waters which fall into lae 
 KaHcalkia river, from thofe which fall 
 into the river Illinois, and from thence 
 in a direcEt courfe to the mo*ith ,of the Illi- 
 nois again, iuppofcd to contain from ten 
 to twelve millions of acres. The whole 
 was ceded in conlideratiou of the annual 
 addition of JCC dollars, to a like fum, 
 which by the treaty of Greenville, the 
 Kafkallcia Tribe receives every year from 
 the United ritates, together with the ,re- 
 fervation of 1580 acres near the village of 
 Kaflcafkia, for cuUivation and clcmeilic 
 purpofc3. 
 
 Kiifiajlias, a river of the N. W. I'erritory 
 wh'cii is navlgalile for beats 130 miles. 
 Its courfe is S S 'vV, and near its mouth it 
 turns to the S S E and falls into the Midi- 
 lippi river, 8.} miles from the Illinois. It 
 runs through a rich country, abounding 
 in extenfive natural meadows, and num- 
 berlefs herds of bufFaloe, deer, &c. High 
 grounds lie along the E lide of the river, 
 the banks being compofcd of linaellcne 
 and freeftone, and are from ico to 130 
 feet high, divided in many places by deep 
 cavities, through Vvdiich many imall rivu- 
 lets pals before they fall into the Miiri- 
 lippi. The fides of thefe liills, fronting 
 the river, are in many places perpendicu- 
 lar, and appear like folid pieces of ma- 
 Ibnry, of various colours, figures, and lizes. 
 
 Kujhijhuitk, a town of tlie Del aw ares, 
 between Great Beaver creek and Allegha- 
 ny river, in Pennfylvania. Here the 
 Moravian miflionaries had a iettlenient. 
 It is 40 'miles N of I'ittfburg. 
 
 KaJJiinonipa^ a fmall river which runs 
 W into the Miflilippi from Teuellee, in 
 N lat. 36 28. On the N fide of its 
 mouth is an iron mine. See Reel/not. 
 
 Katers Kill, a fouthern branch of Kaats' 
 Kill, in N. York, its mouth is 2 miles W 
 of Hudfon river. 
 
 KathhppaccuKurci, an Indian village on 
 the N fide of VVabafli river, at the mouth 
 of Rippacanoe creek, and about 20 miles 
 above the Lower V/eau towns. In 1791, 
 
 before its defcruClion 
 
 L.y 
 
 Generals Scott 
 
 and Wilkinfon, it contained lao honfes, 
 80 of which were fliingle rooted. The 
 bed houfes belonged to the French traders. 
 The gardens a^id improveK-hcnts rorr.d 
 Voi...!. II h 
 
 were delightrul. There was a tavern witk 
 cellars, bar, public and private rooms; 
 and the v/hole marked no fmall degree of 
 order and civilization. 
 
 Kjiv^cuJica-,or K^^nifuHy a lake in. Maine, 
 laid dov.;n in late maps as the head of 
 Pairamaquod dy river. N lat. 46 3. 
 
 Kayadaruljl.\:.. C :.!:, \l\ N. York, about 
 la ir.iles Vv' illuence of Eifli 
 
 cretjkandHw! i. The celebrat- 
 
 ed fprings of Sard' uga, o or (; in number, 
 are lltuatcd on tiic ,'margin of a mar fn 
 formed by u branch of this creek. See 
 S^iraioga. 
 
 Kays IJhuJ, on the N. W. coaft of Amer- 
 ica, lies in N lat. 39 49, E Ion. 21658 in 
 tht neighbourhooo of this illand, Captain 
 Gcok difcovcrcd icvtral other illands. 
 
 JyiinAoivii^ a village in Rockingham 
 CO. Virginia, containiug 30 cr 40 iroufes. 
 
 KeatCt a poll: town of N. Hampfliire, 
 and one of the moll .fiourlfliing in Chcfli- 
 ire county. It was incorporated in 1 753, 
 and contained in 1775, 7j6, in i7yO, 
 1314, and in i8c.o, 1645 inhabitants. 
 It is 14 miles from Walpole, 96 W of 
 F'ortfmouth, and 86 N W liom liofton. 
 
 Kclt'JhttrgLf a towninip in Chitteude-a 
 CO. Vcrmt.nt, at the head of the N branch 
 •of La MoiliC river. 
 
 Kevifj'viUey a poft town of Prince Ann 
 CO. Virginia, 243 miles from Yvailiingion. 
 
 KeHapacotnaqiia^ an Indian village on the 
 N bank of Eel river, a branch of the Wa- 
 bafll,. See Longuilie. 
 
 Kendrick's JJLndy forms the W fide of 
 Noocka sound, into which you may enter 
 from the W by Mafiachufttts Sound, 
 along tlie northern fide of the ifiand. 
 
 KcrJujleag, a river running into Penob- 
 fcot on its W fide. It rifts .in townflii.p 
 No. 3, in the jth range, granted to Wil- 
 liams College, and palFes a length of isbout 
 30 miles through fuur other townfldps, 
 and falls into the Peuobfcot in the town 
 of Bingor, about 2 miles behw the head 
 of the tide. At tiie mouth of this nvcj- 
 in the toivn of Bangor, is a thriving vil- 
 lage of 'liandfonic houfes, and a place of 
 the UK R- trade on the river. 
 
 KLt:ii:[)tc!i. next to Penobfcot i^ the fincffc 
 river in Maine. 'il,ree miles from tlic 
 Chops, Swan I. 7 niilcs lung, divides the 
 waters of tlie river. The waters on both 
 fides of it aie navigable ; but the channel 
 en the E fide of it i^ inoftiV ul'td : 38 
 miles from tbe fca is the ifiitnd Nahun- 
 ktag, which Irgnilies the land v here eels 
 are taken. Within 3 miles of this iiland, 
 a fmal! river coming \V from poiidi v.hich 
 
 are 
 
KEN 
 
 KEN 
 
 a^e in the town of Winthrop, runs into 
 the Kennebeck, and is known by the 
 name of Cobhefeconte, called by the In- 
 dians CobbifTcconteag, wliich in their 
 language fignilies the pUice where ftur- 
 geou are taken. Six miles further up 
 the river wc find the head of the navi- 
 gable waters. This is a bafon 46 miles 
 I'pom the fea, and very commodious for 
 the anchoring of veffels. Ou the Ebank 
 of the fmall fall which terminates the 
 navigation of the Kennebeck, is Fort 
 Weftern, which was erected in the year 
 175a. From that fort to Taconuet Fall 
 is 18 miles. This is a great fall of water, 
 and on the bank of it, on the eaftern 
 fide of the river, is Fort Halifax, ere(5led 
 in 1754, and iltuated on the point of land 
 formed by the confluence of the Sebafla- 
 cook v.'ith the Kennebeck, by which the 
 latter is increafed one third in fize. The 
 Sebaflacook comes from lakes nearly N 
 from its mouth ; and in its windings re- 
 ceives brooks and fmall rivers, for the 
 fpace of 150 miles. Thirty miles above 
 Fort Halifax, as the river runs, the ftream 
 called Sandy river llciws into the Kenne- 
 beck,' at the point where the ancient town 
 of Norridgewock ftood ; 40 miles or more 
 further up, the Kennebeck takes a S weft- 
 ward couri'e. The Kennebeck turning 
 again weftward, receives the eaftern 
 branch S'^ miles from Norridgewock. 
 The main branch of the Kennebeck, 
 winding into the wildernefs, forms fev- 
 eral carryipg places, one of which, called 
 the Great carrying place, is 3 miles acrofj, 
 and the river's courfe gives a diftance of 
 35 miles, for that which is gained by 5 
 on the dry land. At about 100 miles dif- 
 tance from the mouth of the eaftern 
 branch, the fource of the main or weftern 
 branch of the Kennebeck is found ex- 
 tended a great diftance along the lide of 
 the Chaudiere, which carries the waters 
 from the high lands into the St.Lawrencc. 
 There are no lakes, but a few i'mall ponds 
 and morafles at the fource of this branch. 
 The carrying place from boatable waters 
 in it, to boatable waters in the river Chau- 
 diere, is only 5 miles over. The eaftern 
 branch of the Kennebeck, which unites 
 ivith the other above Norridgewock, if- 
 fues from a body of waters which lie N, 
 about ao miles from the confluence of 
 the 2 branches. '^J'hefe waters are called 
 Monfe Pond or Moofc Lake. The hdcs 
 of the lake are fo crooked, that the body 
 of waters has an irregular figure ; but the 
 :ake contains 3 times as much water as 
 
 is found in Lake George. There are 
 very high mountains to the N and W of 
 the lake, and from thefe the waters run 
 by m»any channels to the St. Lawrence. 
 The Kennebeck aflbrds great quantities 
 of lumber, and is inhabited at difterent 
 feafous by fevcral fpeciesof valuable fifh. 
 Salmon and fturgeon are taken here in, 
 great abundance, and fhad and alcwives 
 relieve the wants of the ncccflitous part 
 of the inhabitants. This river forms 
 the ncareft fe.iport for the people on the 
 upper part of the river Connedlicnt. 
 From the Upper Cohos, or Coos, on the 
 latter river to the tide water in Kenne- 
 beck is 90 meafured miles. 
 
 Ele.inebeck^ a county in the diftricl of 
 Maine, and the firft inland county eret'l- 
 ed in this diftrid;. It was feparattd from 
 the maritime county of Lincoln, by Avhich 
 it is bounded on the S, by Hancock co. 
 on the E, by Cumberland ou the W, and 
 by the Highlands or the line between the 
 li. S. and L. Canada on the N. It was 
 incorporated Feb, ao, 1799, and has its 
 name from Kennebeck river, which runs 
 through and divides it in nearly equal 
 parts. It is about 40 miles wide, and up- 
 wards of 100 miles long, but its exatSl di- 
 meniions cannot be prccifely afcertained 
 until there are more accurate furveys. 
 The foil is better and more eafily culti- 
 vated, than that on the feacoaft. It coji- 
 tains 24,402 inhabitants. 
 
 Kennehu7ik, a rivcr of Maine, having a 
 good harbour at its mouth, from whence 
 great quantities of lumber are fhippcd for 
 a market. There the lumber of Moufom 
 is iliipped at prefent. This river divides 
 the townfhips of Wells and Arundel. It 
 runs a fliort courfe, and empties into the 
 fea between Capes Porpoife and Ncddick. 
 
 Ker.nebitnk, the Indian name of the place, 
 fince called IVclls, in Maine, aljout 2)^ 
 m.ilcs below Portfmouth, N. Hampfliire. 
 Here is a poft office. 
 
 Kennet, a townfliip in Chefter co. Penn- 
 fylvania. Here is a poft office. 
 
 Kenncmkh^ Great, a navigable river of 
 the N. W. Territory, emptying into the S 
 end of Lake Michigan, about N lat, 4% 
 II. The waters of this river communi- 
 cate, by a portage of 30 yards, with Lit- 
 tle Kennomick, a Ihort river which runs 
 N cafterly into the lake. 
 
 Kcnftngton, 3. townfliip in Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampfliire, about 6 miles fouth- 
 erly of Exeter, and 8 northerly of New- 
 bury Port. It was incorporated in 1737. 
 It contains 776 inhabitanii. 
 
 '1^^ 
 
KEN 
 
 KEN 
 
 Jtettt, a county of Maryland on the cafl:- 
 trn fliore of Chefapeak Bay, bounded E 
 by New Caflle, and part of Kent co. Del- 
 aware, and W by Chefapeak Bay. It Is 
 about 3^ miles long and 13 broad, and 
 contains 11,771 inhabitants, including 
 4474 flaves. Chief town, Chefter. 
 
 Kent Co. U. Canada, extends northward 
 to the boundary Hne of Hudfon's Bay> 
 including all the territory to the weftward 
 and fouthward of the faid Hue, to the 
 utmofl extent of the country known by 
 the name of Canada. Smyth. 
 
 Kent, a county of Rhode Ifiand, lying 
 S of Providence co, on the W fide of Nar- 
 raganfet Bay. It is 20 miles in length, 
 and 10 in breadth, and is divided into 4 
 townfliips. It contains 8487 inhabitants. 
 - Kent, the middle one of the three coun- 
 ties of Delaware. It is 40 miles from N 
 to S, and 26 from E to W, and contains 
 10,554 inhabitants, including 1485 llaves: 
 The lands? in Kent co. are efteemed the 
 richefl: in the ftate. It is well watered 
 by fcveral fmall flreams that empty into 
 the Delaware. Chief town, Dover. 
 
 Xeiti, an ifland in Queen Ann's co. Ma- 
 ryland, and the largeft in Chefapeak Bay. 
 It is I a miles from N to S, and 6 in 
 breadth, and has a poft office. 
 
 Kent, a townfliip in Litchfield co. Con- 
 nedlicut, bordering on the ftate of N. 
 York, and 8 or ro miles W of Litchfield. 
 It has 1607 inhabitants. 
 
 Kentucky^ a very crooked river in the 
 ftate of its name, which, after a general 
 N W courfe of 200 miles, falls into the 
 Ohio in N lat. 39. It is fometimes called 
 Caitaiva. Its fourcc is in the Laurel 
 Mountains, and it interlocks with Licking 
 river. Its mouth is 77 miles above the 
 Rapids, and 626 below Pittfburg. Its 
 mouth is 250 yards wide, and the river 
 js navigable 130 miles ; the current is 
 confiderably rapid, the banks being high 
 and rocky. It is faid black lead mines 
 have been found on the head waters of 
 this river. Litllc Kentucky River is 2J 
 yards wide, and 3 miles W of Kentucky 
 river. 
 
 Kentucky, one of the United Sates of 
 America, bounded N W by the river 
 Ohio ; W by Cumberland river ; S by 
 Tencffee State ; E by Sandy river, and a 
 line drawn due S from its fource, till it 
 ilrikes the northern boundary of Teneflee. 
 It lies between 36 30, and 39 30 N lat. 
 and between 81 and 89 W Ion. about 250 
 miles long, and 200 broad, and contains 
 about ^opoQ fquare iniles, Ijj J;^jjuary 
 
 1799, the Legiflature palled "an asfJ: 
 apportioning reprefentation, and laymg 
 off the Stat.e into fenatorial diftridts," of 
 which the following is a copy. "Be it 
 enaifled by the general alferably, that 
 until it fliall be altered by the Legifla- 
 ture, the houfe of Reprefentatives Ihall 
 be compofed of fixty tino members, to 
 be eledted from the feveral counties, 
 agreeably to a ratio of one for every 500 
 qualified eIe<5tors within this State," that 
 is to fay, the county of 
 
 Jefferfon lliall 
 
 Barren i 
 
 eled: % 
 
 Pulatki(rince di- 
 
 Shelby a 
 
 vided) I 
 
 BuUitt I 
 
 Lincoln 3 
 
 Henry and Gal- 
 
 Mcrrer 3 
 
 latin I 
 
 Garrard % 
 
 Nelfon 3 
 
 Mad i ion 3 
 
 Hardin (fince di- 
 
 Fayette 4 
 
 vided) I 
 
 Jcffamine 1 
 
 Greene a 
 
 Bourbon 4 
 
 Waflilngfon 3 
 
 Fleming A 
 
 Muhlenberg and 
 
 Clarke a 
 
 Ohio 1 
 
 Montgomery % 
 
 Livingfl-on and 
 
 Scott a 
 
 Henderfon i 
 
 Woodford % 
 
 Warren i 
 
 Franklin I 
 
 Logan a 
 
 Harrifon i 
 
 Chriftain (fince di- 
 
 Bracken r 
 
 vided) I 
 
 Boone, Campbell 
 
 Cumberland (Gnce 
 
 and Pendleton i 
 
 divided) r 
 
 Mafon 4 
 
 If before the next apportionment oi 
 
 reprefentation iliall be made by the Le- 
 
 giflature, a new County fliall be erected. 
 
 it fliall be conudered for the purpofe o£ 
 
 reprefentation, as a part or parts of the 
 
 County or Counties from which it fliall 
 
 be taken. And be it further enadlcd. 
 
 that until it fliall be altered by the Legif- 
 
 lature, the County of Fayette fliall be 
 
 one fenatorial diftri(5l. 
 
 Fayette i 
 
 Mercer I 
 
 Montgomery i 
 
 Lincoln i. 
 
 Bourbon I 
 
 Shelby and Hen- 
 
 Mafon I 
 
 ry 1: 
 
 Clarke 1 
 
 Nelfon X 
 
 Scott I 
 
 Wafl\ington x 
 
 Fleming i 
 
 Jcfl-'erfon r 
 
 Harrifon and 
 
 Bullitt and Har- 
 
 Bracken i 
 
 din X 
 
 Campbell, Pendle- 
 
 Greene x 
 
 ton and Boone i 
 
 Cumberland and 
 
 Woodford I 
 
 Warren x 
 
 Franklin and Galla- ] 
 
 Logan and Chrif- 
 
 tin I 
 
 tain X 
 
 Jeifamine and Gar- 
 
 Livingflon, Hen- 
 
 rard I 
 
 dcr-fon, Muhlen- 
 
 Madifon 1 \ 
 
 berg and Ohio r 
 
 S!i:cc 
 
 ( 
 
KEN 
 
 KEN 
 
 Since the above acT: paffcd, the u)iin\v- 
 jng new Comities have been made ; Floyd, 
 KnoK, Nicholas, Breckenridge, and Adair. 
 The ftate has ^20,955 inhabitahts,of whom 
 40,343 are Haves. The river Ohio walb- 
 cs the N wcHern fide of Kcntuck)', in its 
 whole extent. Its principal branches 
 which water this fertile tracl of country, 
 are Sanrly, Licking, Kencncky, Salt, 
 Green, Tenefice, and CumbeiJand rivers. 
 Thefe again branch in various direcStions, 
 into rivulecs of difFerent magnitudes, fer- 
 tilizing the country in all its parts. Tlie 
 fprings and flreams Icflen in June, and 
 continue low, hindering navigation, until 
 November, when the aut-nnnal rains 
 fvvtU- tlie rivers, and rcpleniflv the whole 
 country with water. At the bottoms of 
 thefe Avater c6urfes the limell^one rock, 
 which is common in this country, ap- 
 pears of a greyifli colour ; and where it 
 is ex poled to the air, in its natural ftate, 
 it looks like brown free flouc. On the 
 banks of thefe rivers and rivulets, this 
 lioae has tlic :ippearance of line marble, 
 being of the fame texture, and is found 
 in the greaU:ft plenty. After heivy 
 rains, the waters in the rivers rile be- 
 tween the high limeftone banks from 10 
 to 7,0 feet. There are'".; S' "i>tcd fait 
 fprings or licks, in this country, vis, the 
 higher and lower Blue fprings, the Big 
 Bone Lick, Drinnon's Lick, rvlan's and 
 Bullet's Lick. The two \-di\ of thefe 
 liicks have fupplied this countrv and 
 part of Illinois with fait, at one dollar a 
 bulhel ; and fome is exported to the Illi- 
 nois country. The method of procuring 
 water from thefe Licks, is by finking 
 wells from 30 to 40 feet deep, which 
 yield water more ftrongly impregnated 
 with fait, than the water from the fca. 
 This whole country, as far as has yet 
 been difcovcrcd, lies upon a bed of Irmc- 
 flone, which in general h about 6 feet 
 belovz-.the fnrface, except in- the vallies, 
 where the foil is much thinner. Atradl 
 of about 70 miles wide, along the banks 
 of the Oiiio, is hilly, broken land, inter- 
 fpcrfed v.'ith many fertile fpots. The rc([ 
 of t'^.c covmtry is agreeably uneven, o^'^nr- 
 )y afcendingand dcfccnding at n-j great 
 difliances. The angles o^ afcent are from 
 8 to 24 dcg'-ees, and foinetinies more. 
 '3'he vallics in common ar-,; v,-rv n.-trrnw, 
 and the foil in tlu-tn is vcfv ti'iii, and of 
 an inferior quality ; and that along the 
 afcending ground, is frequently not much 
 better; ffi'- wlicre you f e a tree blown 
 np, you iiud the roots clinging to the up- 
 
 per parts of the rock. The foil on thefe' 
 agreeable afcents (for they cannot be call- 
 ed hills) is fulTicicntly deep, as is evident 
 from the fize of the trees. The foil is 
 cither black, or tinged with a lighter or 
 deeper vermilion, or is of the colour of 
 dark af'ies. In many places there arc 
 appearances of potter's clay, and coal in 
 abundance. The country promifes to l>c 
 well fupplied with wholcfome, -wcil tafccd 
 water. In Ntifon co. N >|^ of Rolling 
 fork, a branch of Salt river, is a tracl of 
 about 40 miles fquare, mofily barren, in- 
 terfperfed with plains and ftrips of good 
 land, which are advantageous fituations 
 for ra'fing cattle, as the neighbouring 
 barrens, as they are improperly ftyled, 
 are covered with grafs, and aiTord good 
 palturage. The lands E of Nolin creek, a 
 branch of Green river, are in general of 
 an inferior quality; but the banks of 
 Green river aftbrd many defirable fitua- 
 tions. Toward the head waters of Ken- 
 
 tuck 
 
 y river,, w 
 
 hich interlock with the 
 
 \raters of Cumberland and Sandy rivers, 
 and the wliole country caftward and 
 fouthw;nd as far as the HolRon river, is 
 broken and nii)untainous ; and from the 
 defcriprioiv given by hunters, it has been 
 much doubted whether it would ever be 
 ]>rcuSti cable to make a paffable road from 
 Kentucky acrofs to "Winchefter, in Vir- 
 ginia, on the E fide of the mountains^ 
 which,on a flraight line, is not perhaps 
 more than 4©o miles, and the way noAv 
 travelled is 600. This doubt, liowever, 
 is now removed, and a company have late- 
 ly undertaken to cut a road (it is thought 
 a waggon road may be made), from Ken- 
 tucky, to pais by the Sweet Springs in 
 Virginia; thence to Winchenier. This 
 new road, it is fuppoftd, will be nearly aco 
 m.iles fliorter than the- one now travelled. 
 This country in general is well timbeied. 
 Of the natural growth which is peculiar t» 
 tins country, we may reckon the elm, the 
 beech, the afli, the juniper, the fugar, the 
 coffee, the papaw, the hackberry,arid the 
 cucumber trees 'J'he two laft are foft 
 wr,od, and bear a iruit of the Oiape and' 
 I'lzc of a cucumber. The colTee tree re- 
 fembles the black oak, and bears a pod, 
 which enclofes ^ feed, of which a drink 
 is made not unlike cofufe. BeHde thefe, 
 there is tlie hoiuy locuft, blackmulberry, 
 wild cherry, of a la'-ge fize. The buck- 
 f ye,au exceedingly foft wood, is the horfe 
 chtfnut of l'.'.!r(W)c. The magnolia bears 
 a beautiful bloiiom of a rich and exquif- 
 ite fragrance- Such is the variety and 
 
 beauty 
 
XEN 
 
 KE-N 
 
 ispnuty 6f the flowering fl^rubs and plants 
 wliicli grow fpoiitiincoullv ia this coun- 
 try, that in the proper Itaibn the wiiucr- 
 lich appears iu bloirov/i. The accounts 
 of the fertility of (he foil in this country, 
 have, in Ibnie inftances, exceeded belief, 
 and probably have been exaggerated. 
 That iome parts of Kentucky, particular- 
 ly the high grounds, are remarkably good, 
 all accounts a^ree. Tite lands of the iirft 
 rate are too ricli for wheat, and -will pro- 
 duce 50 and 60, and in fome ijiflanccs, 
 100 bufliels of good corn an acre. In 
 common, the land will produce 25 biifii- 
 rls of wheat or rye an acre. Barley, oats, 
 flax, hemp,' and vegetables of all kinds 
 common in this climate, yield abundantly. 
 Irifli potatoes produce in abundance: 
 fweet potatoes are raifed with ditriculty. 
 Tobacco and cotton are raifcd in con- 
 flderable quantities. In the rivers are 
 plenty of buJni!oc,pikc,ee's, catfilli of un- 
 common fize, falmon, mullet, rock, perch, 
 wartifli,celfuckers,funfjni, &c. Shad have 
 jiot been caught in the wef^ern waters. 
 Swamps are rare in Kentucky ; and of 
 Gourfe the reptiles which thev produce, 
 fuch as fnakcs, frogs, &c. are not numer- 
 ous. The honey bee may be called a 
 domefbc infed", as it is faid not to be 
 found but in civilized countries. Tliis Is 
 confirmed by a faying ■which is common 
 among the Indians, when thf.v fee a fwarm 
 of bees in the woods, "Well, brothers, it is 
 time for us to decamp, for the white 
 people sre coming." Neverthelefs, bees, 
 of late years, have a!>oundcd, to their 
 amazement, even 200 miles N and N W 
 of the Ohio. The quadrupeds, except 
 the buffaloc, are the fame as in Virginia 
 .ind the Caroiinas. Between Cumber- 
 land and Green rivers a valuable lead 
 mine has beendifcovercd. Marie, chalk, 
 gypfiem and ochres are found in different 
 places. From the caves on Green river, 
 earth is collected for faltpctre, many of 
 the inhabitants manufatlwre their own 
 gunpowder. The mod numerous relig- 
 ious feAs are the Prelbyterians, the Bap- 
 tifts, and Methodifls. The climate is 
 healthy and delightful, fome few places 
 in the neighbourhood of ponds and low 
 grounds excepted. The inhabitants do 
 not experience the extremes of heat and 
 cold. Snow feldom fails deep, or lies 
 long. The winter, which begins al^out 
 Chriflmas, i.s never longer than three 
 months, and is commonly but two, and is 
 fo mild as that cattle can fubiifl without 
 fodder. Kentucky ejtpcrlencts a greater 
 
 degree of temperature than any of tlird 
 neighbouring States ; Fahrenheit's thcr-' 
 mometer fehtom falling below 35^ in win^ 
 ter, nor rifing above ^>c° in fummcr^ 
 'I'he approach of the feafons is graduaK 
 Thefiimmer continues moftlytotlie mid- 
 dle of October. The autumn or mild- 
 weather, generally continues until Chrirt- 
 mas, when there is fome cold and frofs 
 until February, Avhen t!ie fpring ap- 
 proaches; and by the beginning of March 
 feveral Hiiubs and trees begin to fhoot 
 forth their buds; by the middle of th<5 
 month the buck-n'e or horfe chcfnut i* 
 clnd in Sunnner's array ; and by the 
 middle of April the foliage of the forefta la 
 completely expinded ; whicli is a fort- 
 night earlier than the leaves are fl.ot 
 forth in Virginia and Maryland: and 
 Cumberland is porportionally \nore tem- 
 perate than N. Carolina, as iCentucky is 
 to Virginia. Malt liquor, fpirits diftillecl 
 from corn and rve.and the iuice of the fii- 
 gaf tree mixed with water conftitute the 
 ordinary beverage of the country. Here 
 are various minerals ; as iron, copper^ 
 lead, fulpluir, nitre, &c. Iron works are 
 in fuch forwardnefs, as to furnifli large 
 quantities of fcallings. There are erect- 
 ed a paper mill, oil mills, fulling mills;^ 
 faw ^ilh, and a great number of val- 
 uable grill mills. Several valuable 
 tanneries have been eftabllfhed in- 
 different parts of the countrv. Their 
 fait works are more than fufficient to 
 fupply a!! tlielr inhabitants, at a low 
 price. They make confiderable quanti- 
 ties of fugar from the fugar trees. The 
 amount of exports from this date in i8or 
 was 626,673 dollars. The banks or 
 fatlier pi cci pices, of Kentucky and Dick's. 
 river, are to be reckoned among the nat- 
 ural curiofities of this country. Here the 
 ailonlflied eye behold* 3 or 400 feet of 
 foHd perpendicular rock, in fome parts- 
 of the limeftone kind, and in others of 
 fiiie white marble, curioufly checkercd- 
 wlih ftrata of aftoniilung rcgvihrlty^ 
 Thefe rivers have the appearance of dceji- 
 artiiicial canals. Their high rocky bank* 
 are covered with red cedar groves. Caves 
 have been difcovcred in this country of 
 feveral miles in length, imder a fine lime- 
 ftone rock, fuppnrted by curious arches 
 and pillars. Springs that emit fulphu- 
 reous matter h^ive been found in feveral 
 parts of the country. One is near a fait: 
 fpring, in the neighbourhood of Boonf- 
 borough. There are three fpring* 01* 
 ponds of b:tu,men near Green river,. 
 
 which 
 
KET 
 
 KIL 
 
 trfiicti do not form a flream, hut empty 
 thcmftlves into a common refervoir, and 
 when ufed in lamps, anfwcr all the pur- 
 pof'es oi the hcfl oil. Copperas and al- 
 funi are among the minerals of Kentucky. 
 Near Lexington are found curious fcpul- 
 chres full of human Ikcletons. It has been 
 aJicrted that a man in or near Lexing- 
 ton, having dug five or fix feet below the 
 furfacc of the ground, came to a large 
 ^Sat (tone, ander which was a well of 
 common depth, regularly and artificially 
 If^oned. Ihe diftance of Philadelphia, 
 Iby land, to Kentucky is between 7 and 
 Sec miles ; from Baltimore nearly 700 ; 
 jhearly 600 from Alcr.andria, and up- 
 wards of 500 from Richmond. From 
 the Rapids of the Ohio to Santa Fe, is 
 11000 miles, and from thence to the city 
 oi Mexico, 1500. 
 
 Kectve, or Keorvcf, the Dame given to 
 Savannah river, above its continence with 
 theTugulo, the W. main branch. 
 
 Keoive, anciently a populous town and 
 territory of the Cherokee Indians, on tlie 
 river of that name, the N eafternmofl: 
 f»ranch of Savannah river, 'I'he foil is 
 very fertile, and the adjacent heights 
 ifn'ghr, with little expenfe, be rendered 
 almoff impregnable. The fruitful vale 
 «f Kcowcr is 7 or 8 miles in extent, when 
 % high ridge of hilts terminates the vale, 
 Ijut open? :)g3in below the ridge, and 
 continues 10 or 12 miles down to Sinica, 
 and in width i or % miles. ''Fhis was 
 Formerly one continued and thickly in- 
 jbabited fettlement, well cultivated and 
 |))anted. It now exhil>its a very diller- 
 ^nt fpetSacIe to the feeble remains of the 
 «nce potent Cherokees. Fort George for- 
 merly ftood near the old fciie of Kcowc. 
 
 Kepkrs, a village in Berks co. Pennfyl- 
 Yania, on Little Schuylkill river, the N 
 branch of Schuylkill river ; 7,1 miles N N 
 W of Reading, and 32 W of Bethlehem. 
 
 Kerifcngar, a lake in the diftridl of 
 Maine, which fends its waters to Penob- 
 jPcot river. 
 
 Kerjha-rv, a uiflrlcl of .^. Carolina, on 
 Waterce river, v/hich feparates it from 
 .Richland diftrl.fl. It is 35 miles in length 
 and 30 in breadth, containing 7340 in- 
 iiabitants, of wl)t)ni 2.530 are flaves. 
 
 KejUj. Sec Cujhai Ri-uer. 
 
 Kettle pi'ver, or ri-viert a la ChauJ'iet <•, 
 rifes in a long marfli, towards the river 
 Thames, and running foutherly difcharg- 
 es itfelf into lake Erie, W of the carrying 
 place, out of the bay of Long Point, hav- 
 ing at times five feet auda h lif wster on 
 
 its bar ; tliis river has fufficlerit water fof 
 boats many miles upwards ; its entrance 
 is but 25 feet wide. Smyth. 
 
 Keyzvarva, a fmall iile near Charlcftori 
 harbour, S. Carolina. 
 
 Kairfcrge Gors, in Hillfborough CO. N. 
 Ilampfliife, contains 103 inhabitants. 
 
 KichaprA'.:^ ?w Indian nation whofe dif- 
 fererii: tribes inhabit near the entrance of 
 Lake Superior, where 20 years ago they 
 had 400 warriors ; part refide at Lake 
 Michigan, and between that and the 
 Miflifippi, near tl.'C Outtagomies, &c. and 
 another tribe near the Piankefliavvs, and 
 on the Wabafli and its branches. The 
 Kickapons and Kallcaikias, twO Indiati 
 nations lately holtile, ceded lands to the 
 United States at the treaty of Greenville 
 Augufl 3, 1795. Ihe United States, on 
 the other hand paid them a lum of money 
 in hand, and engaged to pay them in 
 goods, annually to the value of 500 dol- 
 lars for ever. 
 
 Kickemult R. is a N weflcrn arm of 
 Mount Hope Bay. It is about 1 milcsf 
 long, and half a mile broad. The town 
 of Warren, in Eriftol co. in the State of 
 Rhode Iflaud, lies N W of it. 
 
 Kighipy!,'d, on the coafl: of Labrador, \ti 
 Davis's Strait, N from and near Naiti ; 
 v/hich fee. 
 
 Kike'ionec Point. See Kloanon. 
 
 Killiugly, a town in Windham co. Con- 
 necl:icut, in the N eaftern part of the (late, 
 bordering on Rhode Ifland, and feparated 
 from Pomfret by Ouineb?vig R. It Ifes 
 about 18 miles E of Windham. The 
 original fettlers were from Maffachufetts. 
 The town was incorporated in May, 1708. 
 Inhabitants, 2279. 
 
 Killingtony now Sherburne, a mountainous 
 towniliip in Rutland co. Vermont, liav- 
 ing Medway on the W, Barnard N E, 
 and Saltafli on the S E, and contains ^% 
 inhabitants. Klllington peak is the high- 
 cfl: land in Vermont, 3454 ff'et above the 
 level of the ocean. Waterquechee river 
 has its fource in a pond in this town. 
 
 K'lUingivorih, a pofl: town in Middlefex 
 CO. Connecticut, fituated on Long I Sovmd, 
 9 miles E of Guilford, and 27 W of N. 
 London. The Indian name of the town- 
 iliip was HammonaPet ; and a ftream of 
 that name runs on the W fide of the 
 town, and divides it from Guilford. It 
 was fettled in 1663, by 12 planters from 
 Hartford, Guilford, and Windfor. The 
 Englifli name defignedto have l>een given 
 this town was Kennehvorth, but by miflakc 
 it was recorded KiUin^wQrtb. It was in- 
 corporated 
 
KIN 
 
 KIN 
 
 corporated in 1703, and has 3049 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 KHliftlnoes, Indians who inhabit on L. 
 Superior ; and can furnifli J50 warriors. 
 
 Kilkenny, a town in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, incorporated in I774> has 18 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Kindcrhook, a pofl: town in Columbia co. 
 JN. York, on the E fide of Hudibn's R. on 
 a Ymall ftrcam. which empties into that 
 river, containing 50 dwelling Iioufes and 
 a Dutch church ; 13 miles N of Hudfon's 
 city, az S by E of Albany, 145 N of N. 
 York, and 25 W by N of Stockbridge in 
 Malfacliufetts. The townfhip contains 
 4248 inhabitants ; of whom 483 are Haves. 
 
 Kinderhuok Landings in the abov^e town- 
 fhip, is lituated under the E bank of the" 
 river, furrouaded with an uncleared bar- 
 yen country, has about 15 or 20 houfes, 
 and nearly as many flores and other 
 buildings ; 20 miles S of Albany. The 
 town through which the flage to N. York 
 runs is about 5 miles E of the Landing. 
 
 Kinder hook River, in N. York has one 
 main head in the N part of Stephen Town, 
 another near Lebanon fprings. Five 
 miles N W fronvwhich they meet, v/hrnce 
 paffing through Chatham and Kinder- 
 hook it empties into the Hudfon N of the 
 city of Hudfon. 
 
 King and Queen, a county of Virginia, on 
 Mattapony R. which feparates it from 
 King William's co. It is about 25 
 miles long and 20 broad, and contains 
 4499 free inhabitants, and 5380 flaves. 
 At King and Queen in this county is a 
 poll: office. 
 
 King George, an ancient fort on the bci- 
 4ers of E. Florida, near St. Mary's R. 
 
 King George's Sound, or Nootla, lies on 
 the N W coaft of N. America, xu N lat. 
 49 ^6. See Nootka. 
 
 King George the Third's Sot/nd, a good 
 harbour on the S W part of New Holland. 
 Lat. 3j 5 S, Ion 118 17 E. Good water 
 and plenty of flfli may be taken here. 
 King George, a County of Virginia, be- 
 tween the Patowmac, and Rappahannock 
 rivers. It is 2a miles long, and 14 broad, 
 and contains 2762 free inhabitants and 
 3987 flaves. At the court houle is a pod 
 pffice. 
 
 Kings, a maritme county of N. York, 
 •* containing all that part of the (late, 
 bounded E by Queen's co. N by N. York 
 CO. W partly by Hudfon R. partly by the 
 ocean ; and S by the Atlantic Ocean, in- 
 cluding Coney Ifiands." This fertile traA 
 cf ]a»d, fituated on the W end pf Long 
 
 Iflandj and feparatcd from Staten ffl?.nd 
 by the Narrows, contributes largely to 
 the fupply of the N. York market vAth 
 vegetables, roots, fruits, butter, &c It i« 
 divided into 6 townlhips, and contains 
 5740 inliahitants, including 1479 fiave«. 
 Chief towns, Brooklyn and Flatbufla. 
 
 King's, a CO. of Nova Scotia, compre- 
 hending the lands on the S W, and S fidef 
 of the Balbn of Min is. The Habitant 
 is navigable for velTels of 40 tons a httl« 
 way up. The Canaid for vcfTels of 160 
 tons, 4 or 5 miles ; and the Cornwallii* 
 is navigable for veflels of too tons 5 
 miles, for thofe of 50 tons 10 miles fur- 
 ther. There are confiderable I'ettle- 
 meats on thefe rivers, and they aflford a 
 good portion of fine lands for tilhige, and 
 for herbage, and fome excellent meadov/s. 
 In the rivcrrs are found a gi tat abundance 
 of fliad of an excellent kirid ; and in the 
 jBahn of A'linas are fine end fjfli, haddock^ 
 bals, and fiat fifli of diflfcrent kinds. 
 
 King's Bridge, a poll town of N. Yorlc^ 
 15 miles N of N. York city. The bridge 
 here connects N. York iiland with the 
 main land. It was fljongly fortified dur- 
 ing the war. Tiie heights about it are 
 Commanding. 
 
 Kingjhury, a townflu'p in Waflrrngtoii 
 CO. N. York, on the bend of Hudfon river, 
 NE fide, it contains 1651 inhabitants. 
 
 Kingfey, a townfliip in L. Canada Iv? W 
 of Shipton adjoining on both fides of Nic- 
 olet river, having about 30 inhabitants. 
 
 King's, or Pearl JJland, a fmall ifland in. 
 the Bay of Panama. It belongs to Spain, 
 and is famous for its pearl lllLery ; and 
 lies m N lat. 71a, W Ion. 81 36. 
 
 King's Salines, are near the N. Fork of 
 Holfton, in TeneiTee ; thirty tv/o gallons 
 of the water produces a bufliel of fait. 
 Two hundred bufliels have been made in 
 a day equal to Liverpool fait. The 
 water is from a well, 10 feet fquare, more 
 than aoo feet deep, conflantly more than 
 half full of water. 
 
 Kingjhn, or Efopus, a pofl town of N. 
 York, in Ulfter co. on the W fide of Hud- 
 fon's river, 6 miles W of Rhinebeck, and 
 on the E fide of Efopus Kill, or Creek. 
 It was deftroyed on the ijth of Oclo- 
 ber, 1777, by order of General Vaughan, 
 commanding a fleet which failed up the 
 Hudfon, when large quantities of flores 
 were confumed. It is rebuilt on a regu- 
 lar plan, and contains about 150 houles, 
 a court houfe, gaol, a Dutch Reformed 
 church, and an academy. It is plealant- 
 ly lituated upon and lurrouiided by a fpa- 
 
 ciout 
 
KIN 
 
 K I N 
 
 ;cious plain. k is 56 miles S of Albany, 
 uad 109 N of N. York. N lat. 41 56, 
 W ion. 73 ^6. The towufcip contains 
 4615 inhabitants. 
 
 K'liigjloti^ a townfolp in Addifon co. 
 Vermont, containing 185 inhnbicauts. 
 
 KtiTgJlcn, a poil town in Piyniouth co. 
 MalTaCiUifetcs, on the weftern part of 
 \Mvniouth Bay, -bounded northerly by 
 l)c \\ /ough, and contains 103 7 inhabit- 
 <x^:o. Tltere^s here a iiiuiag and roll- 
 ing mill. The town was incorporated 
 in 1707, and contains 1037 inhabiLanis. 
 It is 38 iniles S E ox Boftoii. 
 
 Kr''^f}r.n, a pod: tov/n in Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampfliire, lying on the road 
 \Tiuch leads trom Exeter to IlaverluU, 
 in Maflachufetts, 6 n:iies from the former, 
 and 12 from Haverhill. it v, as incor- 
 porated in 1694. It has 705 inhabitants. 
 
 Kimrjion, a village in N. jerfey, tliree 
 miles N E of Princeton, and 15 S W of 
 ^rimfwick ; an elevated and pleafant 
 ipot. 
 
 KhigJIaH, now Contvuyborough, a town 
 in Horry dillrict, S. Carolina, oti the W 
 iide of W'akkamaw river, and has an 
 epifcopal chiarch and abowt 36 houfes, 41 
 miles N by E from Georgetown. 
 
 Ki/igjion, the chief town of Lenoir co. 
 Jsfewbern diftri6t, N Carolina. It is a 
 poil town, fituated in a beautiful plain on 
 the N fide of Neus river, and contains a 
 court honi'e, gaol, and about 30 houfes. It 
 is 40 miles W of Newbern, and 24 from 
 Waynefborough. 
 
 KingfioKy a towiiflilp in I..uzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania. It has j^"^ inhabitants. 
 
 KimrJIoH, a village in Talbot co. Tvlary- 
 land,fituated on the eallern fide of Chop- 
 tank river, 4 miles below the Foiks. 
 
 KiiigJloM, U. Canada, is in about 44 8 
 of N lat. and 75 41 of W Ion. is fit- 
 iiated at the head of the St. LawTence, on 
 the N flioic, oppohte Wolf ifiand. It 
 occupies tlie fcite of old tort Frontenac, 
 •was laid out in 1784, and is now of 
 conliderable iir.c. It has a barrack for 
 troops, a hoiife for the connnanding olli- 
 cer, an hofpital, feveral ftoie houfes, and 
 an epifcopal church, of the eflal)lifiied 
 religion. The ruins of the French 
 works are yet to be feeu, as well as that 
 of a breaftwork thrown up by General 
 Bradftreet, on the i\ fide of the town. 
 It has an excellent harbour, where the 
 Icings flipping on lake Ontario for the 
 mofi: part winter. JSii^rge velfels feld(;ra 
 go below Kmgfton, although it is na\ iga- 
 h\c to orvregatchic about 70 miles dov»n 
 
 the river; the ft;ores,provifious, &c.Whic!i 
 are lodged in the depot at thi.s place be- 
 ing ufually tranfportcd there in boats 
 fro)n Montreal. About Kingdon there are 
 feveriU valuable quarries of limeflone, and 
 tlie country, in general is rather ftony, 
 which Ks not found detrimental to the 
 crop.s. It is 200 miles S of Montreal, and 
 150 northward of Niagara. Targe vellcls 
 go no farther than this place ; thence to 
 i\'iagara, -&c. (lored and merchandize are 
 conveyed in boats. lS::';yih. 
 
 KhigjlGii '■Ti}'u'njh''p, U. C'laada, is the 
 fourteenth upperinoft tov.'nihif) in afcend- 
 ing the St. Lawrence. It is in the co. of 
 Fiontinac, and hcs partly open to lake 
 Ontario. Smyth. 
 
 IQpgjhn, the capital of tlie illand of St. 
 Vincents, in tlie W. Indies, and the feat of 
 government, hes at the head of a bay of 
 tiie fame name, on the S W fl.ure of the 
 illand, in St. George's parifli. 
 
 Kiiigjlutiylhe capital of the ifiand of Ja- 
 njaica, Hi the W. Indies, is fitnatcd on the 
 N fide of a beautiful harbour, having Port 
 Royal on the N E, and Spanifli Town on 
 the S W, and \va:i found-ed in 1693 ; v/hcn 
 repeated deiolaticn^ by earthouakes and 
 fi-re had driven the inliiibitants from Port 
 Royal. It contains i66j houfes, befide 
 negro huts and warehoufes. In 1788, 
 j the v/hite inhabitants amounted to 6539; 
 free people of colour 3280 ; and flaves 
 16,659 ; in all 26,478. It is a place of 
 great trade and opulence. Many of the 
 houfes in the upper part of the town are 
 extremely magr.ihcent ; a«(i tlie markets 
 for butchers' meat, turtle, filh, poultry, 
 fruits, and vegetables, inferior to none. 
 It is the retidence of the moftconfiderable 
 merchants, whofe fliips load and unload 
 here. Upon an average of 20 years, 
 the fliips that go out annually from this 
 port amount to 4C0. N lat. 17 ST Z'^^'^ 
 Ion. 76 2,^' 
 
 Kingjirect a poft town in Williamlbor- 
 ough CO. S. Carolina, 480 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 King William, a county of Virginia, be- 
 tween Mattapony and Pamunky rivers. 
 It is 47 miles long and 15 broad, and con- 
 tjiins 5744 tree inhabitants, and 33 11 
 Haves. At the court houfe is a poll office. 
 
 Kingtvoody a townlhip in Huntingdon 
 CO. N, jeriey, containing 2446 inha!)itants, 
 including 104 flaves. It is about s miles 
 below Alexandria, and 15 S W of Leba- 
 non. Alfo the name of a fmaii river of N . 
 Jerfey. 
 
 KirfaUj a poft town of Vir^'iiia, 16 miles 
 
 from 
 
KNI 
 
 KNO 
 
 frotft WefhTiorelanu court houfe, and i% 
 from Northumberland court houfe. 
 
 Khtfon, a poft town,l.euoir co. N. Car- 
 oli«a, 390 miles from Waflilngtoa. 
 
 Kioanon Point, called in feme maps, Kike 
 ionec, is the extremity of a large peninfula 
 which projects far into the S iide of Lake 
 Superior. 
 
 Kiontona, an Indian town on Conewango 
 river, in Pennfylvania, and 1 1 miles north- 
 erly from its mouth in Alleghany river. 
 
 Kijbtac, an ifland on the N W coall of N. 
 Am.erica, lies E of Foggy Cape, on the S E 
 fide of the peninfula of Aiafka,and on that 
 part of it oppofite the head of Briftol Bay, 
 on the N W fide of the peninfula. It is 
 alfo oppofite the mouth of Cook's river. 
 
 Kijkemanitas River, is a branch of Alle-* 
 gliany river, into which it empties in N 
 lat. 40 40, in Weflmoreland co, Pennfyl- 
 vania. Its head waters are Little Cone- 
 maugh and Stone creek. After their junc- 
 tion it is called Conemaugh river. It then 
 receives Black Lick from the N E, and 
 17 miles from its mouth Loyalhannon 
 Creek enters from the S S E, after which 
 it is called Kificemanitas river. It is nav- 
 igable for batteaux 40 or 50 miles, and 
 good portages are found between it and 
 JuMilatta and Potowmac rivers. Coal and 
 fait are difcovered in the vicinity of thefe 
 rivers. 
 
 Kittanincr, a fettlement in Pennfylvania, 
 •n the E fide of Alleghany river, 56 miles 
 northward of Pittfburgh. 
 > Kittatin?i\ Mountains, a ridge of the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains, which runs through the 
 northern parts of N. Jerfey and Pennfyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Kitfery, a townfhip in York co. Maine, 
 incorporated in 1653, and confifts of 3 
 pariflies, containing 3114 inhabitants. Jt 
 is fituated between Pifcataqua and York 
 rivers, 67 miles northerly of Bofton. In 
 this town is Sturgeon Creek, called fo from 
 the plenty of that fiOi, in the mouth of the 
 creek at the firfl fettlement of the coun- 
 try ; but there have been none found for 
 thefe many years part:. This creek is fa- 
 mous in the hiflorv of the firft fettlers 
 
 Kiitsy St. See Si. Chriflophers. 
 
 Knijleneaux, a. tribe of Indians widely ex- 
 tended over the N part of ^I. America. 
 Their language is fimilar to the Aigon- 
 quins who inhabit the waters of St, Law- 
 rence, and the coafl of I^abrador. Their 
 drefs is fimple and commodious, their wo- 
 men are the moO: comely of fa vagcs. I'hefe 
 people are fubjcol to but few diforders. 
 They are mild and affable, jufl to one an- 
 Vov.1. li 
 
 I other, and hofpitable to ftrongerc- Cmok-^ 
 j ing precedes all afiairs of confequence. 
 This facred rite is never prcphaned ; it 
 obligations are indifpenfcible. It fettles all 
 differences between contending parties. 
 No perfon is allowed to join in the folem- 
 nity, who has cohabited with a Woman 
 within 24 hours. They lay, " he is un- 
 clean." At their funerals, the mourners 
 cut off their \ydir, lacerate their flefli, 
 blacken their faces, bury the mofl valua- 
 ble property of the deceafed, deftroy what 
 remains, that it may not pain tliem by- 
 bringing him to remembrance ; widow* 
 fometiraes facrifice themfelves v/ith their 
 departed hufbands. Families have domef- 
 tic gods, which are carved images about 
 8 inches long ; thefe they treat with the 
 mod fuperftitious regard. Chaflity is no 
 virtue with thefe people ; they exchange 
 wives, or ofisr them to ftrangers as atfis 
 of hofpitality. Inceft and beftiality are 
 common among them. So wicked, fo bru- 
 tal are tlie m.oft amiable tribes of men, not 
 enlightened by the gofpel of Jefus Chrifb. 
 
 K/rob Lick, in Mercer co, Kentucky, li«s 
 15 miles S E of Karrodllown, and about 
 12 foutherly of Danville. 
 
 Knoivlton, a townlliip in SufTex co. N. 
 Jerfey, containing 1937 inhabitants. 
 
 Knox, a county of Kentucky, containing 
 1 119 inhabitants. 
 
 Knox, a county in Teneflec, KarrJltou 
 diftricS, bounded on the S by Biount co- 
 W by the Indiana Territory ; it is water- 
 ed by the rivers IFolif on and Clinch. It 
 contains 11,981 inhabitants, of whomt 
 iiaz are flaves. 
 
 Knox, a county in the Indiana Territo- 
 ry', erected June 20, 1790. "Beginning 
 at the Standing Stone Forks of the 
 Great Miami river, and down the faid 
 river, to its ccnfiuence v^'ith the Ohio 
 river ; thence with the Ohio to the fmall 
 rivulet above fort MafTac ; thence with 
 the caftern boundary line of St. Clair co. 
 to the mouth of the liitle Michi'imscki- 
 nack; thence up the lilincis river to the 
 forks or confluence of the Theakiki ard 
 Chikagc ; thence by a line to be drawn 
 due N to the ho'indary line of the terri- 
 tory of the United States, and fo far eall- 
 erly up<m faidbound'irv asttiat a due S lin^ 
 may be drawn to the place of beginning.''' 
 It contains 2517 inhaliitants, of whom 28 
 are flaves. Fort Knox is in the fame 
 territory. -< 
 
 Kvox^ one of Ingraham's i Hands. Capt. 
 Ingraiwim difcoverd two illanus, which 
 he called Kii^ and Hancah, which Capt. 
 
 Roberts, 
 
LAB 
 
 LA 
 
 Roberts, foon after difcovering, called 
 Freeman and Latigdon. Thefe iflands had 
 every appearance of fertility. Their 
 latitude is from 8 3, to 8 5 S, and their 
 longitude very nearly 141 W from Green- 
 wich. 
 
 Knoyv'tlle^ 3. pofl: town, the metropolis 
 of the State of Teneffee, lituated in Knox 
 CO. on the N fide of Holfton river, where 
 it is 300 yards in Vv'idth, on a beautiful 
 fpot of ground, 22 miles above the junc- 
 tion of Holfton river with the Tenefiee, 
 and 4 below the mouth of French Broad 
 river. It is flouriiliing, and enjoys a com- 
 munication v,-ith every part of thelJnited 
 States by poft.- It is regularly laid out, 
 and contains T18 inhabitants, a- court 
 houfe, gaol, and barracks large enough to 
 contain 700 men. The fupreme courts 
 of law and equity; for tlie diftrict of 
 Hamilton, are held here half yearly, and 
 the courts of pleas and quarter fellions 
 for Knox co. are held here. A' college 
 has been eftabliflied here bv government, 
 called Blount College. It is 32 miles N 
 of Tellico Block houfe ; 200 S E by S of 
 Frankfort, in Kentucky ; 485 W by S of 
 Richmond, in Virginia ; ancl 728 S weft- 
 crly of Philadelphia, lat. 35 4/2, N. 
 
 KoJ/ac, 2in ifland on the fouthern fliore 
 of the peninfula of Atafka, on the N^ W.- 
 coaft ; which fee. 
 
 Kortr;<<r/jf,a. pofl town in Delaware co. 
 N. York; has 15 13 inhabitants. 
 
 Koyaht, a fmall ifle at the- S end of 
 V/arnington's Ific, at the entrance of a 
 flrait feparatingafmallifle from thelarQieO:. 
 
 Kris, Indians inhabiting the banks of 
 Lake Chriftineaux. They can raife 1,20a 
 warriors. 
 
 Kuipgc, or F,ugar ToKvn, a little Chero- 
 kee town in the vale of Keowe. 
 
 Kiirratiinh Fulls, in Kcnnebeck river. 
 It is the firft that defence the name of 
 Falls in afcending Kennebeck R. a*ld are 
 about 1 30 miles from its movth, and about 
 half way between Seven Mile brook and 
 Auflin's bronk. 
 
 Kyuqtiot, a large found or bay on the N. 
 'VV. coafl of N. America, having Rol)trt3 
 Ifland on the one fide. N l.it. 50, W Ion. 
 217 SO. 
 
 L 
 
 ABI^ADOR, Terra J\; one of the 
 northern countries of America, calk d al- 
 fo Kfnnimaux, r.nd is comprehended in 
 New Britain ; bounded N by Kudfon's 
 tftrait, S by p^art cf I>ov.xr Canada and 
 
 the river St. Lawrence, W by HuufonV 
 Bay, N E by the Ocean and Davis's IStraits, 
 and E by the Stiaitsof BelUHe and the 
 Gulf of bt. Lawrence. The coaft is rocky, 
 and interfperfed with innumerable ifles. 
 The only attempt to trade with Labrador, 
 has l)eeudiie<5led toward the iilliery ; tlie 
 annual produce of which, amounts to up- 
 wards ot £ 49,oco fieri. i;jie inhabitants, 
 whole number is unknown, hunt for fur* 
 and Ikins. The Moravian Brethren main- 
 tain a communication with their milTion 
 on the coaft of Labrador. The prop- 
 erty oftheir llupis divided into fliares of 
 £ 10 only, with the fupply intended for 
 the brethren : articles are fent for traffic 
 with the natives, enabling them to bring 
 back cargoes that have af%rded them 
 not always a dividendof more than the in- 
 terefl of the- capital employed; Sec ' NtxM 
 Britain. 
 
 LaLrridor,^ large Iake;:which by its nu- 
 merous branches forms a water commu- 
 nication through great part of the ifland 
 of Cape Breton. In fome maps it is 
 called St. Peter's I>ake. 
 
 LacbatvaTimck., a mountain in the nort^ 
 v.«eflern part of Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 Lachuivanvochy a towiifliip in Luzerne 
 CO. I^nnfylvania„ • 
 
 Lack, a townfliip in- MifTiin co. Penn- 
 fylvania, having 1071 inhabitants. 
 
 La Cole, a river which falls into Lake 
 Ghnmplain from the W, 5 milefs S S W 
 oi Nut Ifland, after a fliort courfe. 
 
 Lacomic^ a fmall cpeek which empties 
 through the W bank of Alleghany R. 
 in Pennfylvania,oppofite Licking CYeek^ 
 a fhort diflance below fort Franklin. 
 
 Laconla. The tract of~land extend- 
 ingfrom the^river Merrimack to Sagada- 
 Kock, and from the. ocean to the lakes and - 
 rivers of Canada, v/ent under this nam.e, 
 in th*^ gr.mt of lands in 1622, from the. 
 council of Piymoutli 4:0 Gapt. Mafon and" 
 Sir Ferdinand Gorges. 
 
 Ladles IJland, a fmall ifland of S. Caroli- 
 na, near Port Royal. 
 
 La Francbe, U. Canada, now called' th*' 
 Thames. 
 
 Z^:^op«,oneof tlie new difcovefcd ifland-? 
 iu t'-.c South Sea. Captain Cook vifited • 
 it. in 1769. Slat. 18 47, W Ion. from 
 Greenwich 139 28. 
 
 Lagvna, a town of Peru, fituated oa 
 Amazon river, S K of the town of Borja. 
 
 Za Guayra, a maritime fortified town 
 in Caraccas, a province of Terra Firma^ 
 This town, and Puerto Cabcla are the 
 chief in the proviuc(;, 
 
 Lamr 
 
I-'A'TSr 
 
 LAN" 
 
 ^aie of the tioo moi/ntains^ a piece of i 
 waicr weflerly from Montreal, properly ' 
 . the mouth of Ottawa river, 20 miles long, I 
 5 broad. It is furrounded hy cultivated I 
 fields of the Iroquois, and Al^^onquin In- • 
 dians, whofe village ftands 011 a delight- 
 ful point of land, which extends into the 
 Lake. Each tribe has a Roman Catho- 
 :l'.c Miilionary. They attend public 
 vvorfliip in the fairte church. Their paf- 
 tors have -taught them reading and writ- 
 ing. Their warrriors are about 500. 
 
 Lake afth.'. Woods. .See Woods. 
 
 La Moelle, a large river in the N W 
 part of Vermont. Its general courib is 
 weflerly: after running about 75 miles, 
 and receiving 14 lelfer ftreams, it falls in- 
 to L. Champlain at Colchcftcr, 5 miles 
 N. of the mouth of Gniou river, a-nd is 
 of about the fame mngnitude. 
 
 Lam[)iiyeque, a town on. the road from 
 Guayaquil to Lima in Peru, four leagues 
 from Morrope. It conlifcs of about 
 1500 boufes, built of dilTcrent materliils, 
 but in general of unburnt bricks. The 
 meanelt of the houfcs are the habitations 
 of the Indians, which confi;^ entirely of 
 canes. Tiie number of its inli^bitunts 
 amounts to above 30,000, fomeof \yJbiom 
 are opulent ; but the generality are poor 
 Spaniards, Mulattoes, Meftizoes, and In- 
 dians. It has a large and elegant ftone 
 church. It is the refidence of a corregi- 
 dor, having under his jurifdicSlion, beflde 
 many other towns, that of Morrope. 
 One of the two ofF,cers of the revenue 
 appointed forTruxillo, alfo refides here. 
 .3 lat. 6 41 37, \V Ion. 76 15. 
 
 Lampa, a jurifdi(5lion of Cisfco, in Peru, 
 in S. America. It begins about 30 
 leagues fouth of the city of Cufco : and 
 i« the principal province included under 
 the name of Callao. 'Here are excellent 
 .paflures and filver mines. The air is 
 ■V€ry cold. 
 
 Lampeter, a townfliip in ^Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania, having 2028 inhabitants. 
 
 Lamprey River^ a water of Great Bay, 
 'in N. ilampfliirc. 
 
 Lancajier^ a diftridl of S. Carolina, con- 
 taining 5012 inhabitants of whom 1076 
 are flavcs. 
 
 Lancafer, a poft town in Gerrard co. 
 Kentucky, 621 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Laiicnjier, a populous and wealthy co. 
 in the interior part of Pennfylvania, ex- 
 tending S to the Maryland line. It is 
 about 42 miles fquare, is divided into 25 
 tovvnfltips and contains 566,240 acres of 
 ■land, and 43,403 iuhabitants, including 
 
 178 flavcs. The lands in this courfty 
 are rich and well cultivated. The hills 
 in the northern parts abound with iron 
 ore ; for the manufaCluring which, 2 fur- 
 naces and 8 fi;rgC3 have been erected. 
 The furnaces manufacSfcure about izco 
 tons of pigs and nearly tifat number of 
 bar iron annually. Copper and lead, 
 and abundance of limeftone have aJib 
 been found here. 
 
 Lanctif.sr, a countv of Virginia, bound- 
 ed E by Chctapeak Bay, and S W by 
 Rappahannock river. It is about 40 
 miles lou^, and 15 broad, and contains 
 ;2 249 free inhabitants, and 3126 fiaves. 
 7'he lands of this county are generally 
 poor. At the court houle is a poft office. 
 
 Lancajicr^ Borough cf^ a handlome and 
 Hourilliing poft town, tiie capital of Tan- 
 cafier county, ^Pcnnrylvania, and the 
 largell inland town of thc^United States. 
 It is pleafantly lltuated upon the defctnt 
 of a hill, a mile and a halt W of,Conefto- 
 ga creek, which falls into Sufquehanna 
 rivtir, 9 miles S by W of the town. Its 
 trade is ahtadygrent, and muft incrcafe, 
 in proportion as the furrcur.ding country 
 populates. It Gonlains about 900 houf- 
 es chiefly of brick andTtone. I'he legif- 
 lature meets here till a permanent feat 
 of government fliall be eflabliined. The 
 public buildings ate a handfome court 
 houfe of brick, a market houfe of the fame 
 materials, and a ftrong flone gaol. Here 
 are6 places of worfiiip,for as many differ- 
 ent perfuafions, viz. German Lutherans, 
 German Calvinifts, P:efl;yterians, Epif- 
 copalians, Moravians, and Roman Cath- 
 olics. The German Lutheran cinirch is 
 a large brick building, having an organ, 
 and a. handfome Ipirc ; the others are of 
 brick, and are neat and con^modiou* 
 buildings. 'J'heonly manufaclures here 
 are carried on by individuals' There 
 are 3'brevveries, and 2 or 3 valuable tan- 
 neries. Fr3nklin college is eftabliilied 
 here for the Germans. Its endov.nicnts 
 arc nearly the fame as thofe of Dickinfon 
 college at :CarlIfle. Its truftecs conlift of 
 Lutherans, Calvinifts, Prefbyterians, and 
 hpifcopalians ; of each an equal num- 
 ber. The principal is a Lutheran, and 
 the vice preiident a Caivinift. It is 58 
 miles as the new turnpike road runs, W 
 by N of Philadelphia, and 31 from Read- 
 ing. N lat. 40 3, Wlon. 76 20. 
 
 Lancajler^ a pofl town of S. Carolina, 
 36 miles from Camden, and 47 from 
 Charlotte, N. Carolina. 
 
 LaniaJierfZ plcalaat poft to;vn,in Wor- 
 
LAN 
 
 LAR 
 
 ccfler CO. MalTachufetts, the oldef! in the 
 county, fettled in 1645, and incorporated 
 in 1653. ^1^ ^s fjtuuted on a branch of 
 Nailiua river, which empties into the 
 Merrimack It is ,^6 ir»ilc3 W N W of 
 Bofton, a'nd 14 N by E of Worcefter. 
 The lands of the tov/nfiiip, and thofe of 
 S'terling on the S W arc part of the travSt 
 called N(Uo:i-u}ogg by the Indians- I'he 
 pleafantncfs of this town lias invited ma- 
 ny pcrfons of education and fortune to 
 rehde here. In the ^ eafterly part of 
 Lancafter, there is a valuable, and per- 
 haps iaexhauftible flate pit, fumifhing 
 ilates for houfes, and excellent ftoues for t 
 tombs and graves. No dales equal to 
 thefe have yet been difeovcrcd in the 
 United States. Thefe are fent to Boflon, 
 and exported to N. Yort;, Virginia, &c. , 
 Two principal branches of Nalhua river, 
 over v/hich are 9 large b- idges, water 
 this town, and have on their banks excel- 
 lent interval land.- Cumberry pond in 
 this town is obferved to rife as uiuch as 
 two feet, jnft before a ftorm ; and Sandy 
 pond rifts in a dry feafon. It contaius 
 I J 84 inhabitants. 
 
 Lancafrer^ a poft tQwn in Grafton CO. 
 JJ. Hampfliire, oil the E bank of Con- 
 iiecxicut river, about 4^ miies above 
 Hauovcr. It was incorporated in 1763. 
 3n 1775 it contained 61 inhabitants, iri 
 1790, r6i, and in 1800, 440. 
 
 Lancjfcr, the capital of Fairiield CQ. 
 in the State of Ohio, fituated on the 
 Hockhockiug River. 
 
 Lancaf,£r the "Toivnjh'ip ofyXn U. Canada, 
 is in Glcngary co. on the Sc. Lawrence, 
 and the lowe(t in the province adjoining 
 L. Canada. 
 
 Lance JJles, on the N W coafl of N. 
 America, he ofFCape Scott, which is the 
 fouthern point at the mouth of Pjntard's 
 Sound, oppofite to point DiCappointment. 
 There is a narrow channel between the 
 Urgeftifleand the cape. ^tcFintard's Sound. 
 L^rcekt^rojfe^ z village in Louifiana, on 
 the Miififippi, below St. Louis. 
 
 Landjjf, a townfliip in Grafton co. N. 
 I^ampfliire. It was incorporated in 
 1774, and contains 461 inhabitants. 
 
 Land-guard, Oil Jake Erie, U. Canada, 
 (fornierly Point aux Pins ;) this place is 
 an iat. 4a 7 15 N, variation a 48 W. 
 There is a pond at the back of the 
 point ; the entrance to which has fome- 
 times a\ feet water on the bar ; on the 
 bank qf the pond is an old Indian village, 
 from whence there is a good path to the 
 ;-vcr Thanes. '^)\zrt is a great rcfort of 
 
 Indians to this place, in tht fpring, in- 
 duced by the quantity of iifli and fowl, 
 which may then be taken here. This 
 point is about 20 miles E of the S. Fore- 
 land, and bears the only pine timber on 
 this coafl. 
 
 Lditd^s Heighty in N. America, is the 
 high ground on the chain of lakes be- 
 tween Lake la Plue and L. Superior, 
 where there is a portage of 7 miles. It 
 is 80 miles E of the grand portage from 
 the W. end of L. Superior. 
 
 Langdon^ a townfliip in Chefliire co. N- 
 Hampfliirc, incorporated in 1787, and 
 contains 484 inhabitants. 
 
 Lancffjorcugh, a poft town in Berkfliire 
 cQ. MaiTachufctts, N of Pitts6eld 6 miles, 
 ft has two. quarries qf m^arblf, and con- 
 tains 1443 inhabitants. 
 
 Laiijinburgh., (city,) in the tOWnfliip of 
 Troy, RealValaer cp. N. York, is very 
 plcafai^tly lltuated on the E bank of 
 Hudfou's R. oppofite one of the mouths 
 of the Mohawk, and contains about 250 
 dwelling houfes, a brick church, the 
 joint property of the Dutch and Prefby- 
 terian congregation, a court houfe, gaol, 
 and an academy, incorporated in 1796. 
 Here is a Library cpmpany wkich vva» 
 incorporated in 1775. It is a very flour- 
 iiliing place, fuuated on a plain at the 
 foot of a hill, from the top of which is a 
 mofl delightful ptofpcA. A few years 
 :^go thefe was but one ftagc between this 
 town and Albany ; in 1796 2Q H^ges 
 daily pafied and repalTed between the 
 neighbouring towns of Lanfinburgh, 
 Troy, Waterford, and Albany ; it is 9 
 miles N pf Albany, 3 above Troy. 
 
 Lapis ZasK//, a fmall rock furrounded 
 with and almoin covered by the fea on tlic 
 coaft of Nova Scotia. It is about % miles 
 from Monano Ifland, ^nd fliews th^ paf- 
 fage into St. John's river. 
 
 La Plate. See Paraguay. 
 
 Larve Reck, Hes on the S bank of Ohio 
 R. in the traifl called Indiana, and near- 
 ly opppfitc the m,outh of Muflcingum R. 
 
 Large Ifland, one of the largcfl illandl^ 
 on the Labrador coaft, due W of the 
 mouth of Shccatica Bay. 
 
 Large Whitcjlone Lake, in N. America, 
 between Iat. 66 and 67 N, and between 
 Ion. 117 and 118 W, is about 40 miles 
 long. A ftream from the N W part of 
 this lake, it is faid, is the main branch 
 of Copper mine river. 
 
 Larkaxas, a province of La Paz, and 
 audience of Charcas in Peru. It lies adja- 
 cent to the territories of the jurifdidtioa 
 
 ©I 
 
lau 
 
 Law 
 
 e^f L^.psz, and to the N of that city, ex- j! 
 tending 1 18 leagues from Etc Wand n 
 about 30 from N to S. It abounds in j] 
 goid mines, the metal of which is of fo fine II 
 a quality, that its ftandard is 23 carats r 
 and 3 grains. _ . . I 
 
 Latamnaa^ Afftento of^ the firft jurirdic- % 
 tkni S of that of Quito, 'llie word ajjlento ji 
 implies a place \c^^ than a town, but larg- I! 
 er than a village, it (lands oy a wide jj 
 plain, having on its eaft fide the eallera ji 
 Cordillera of the Andes, from which pro- 
 jects a very high mountain ; and at a 
 Imall diilauce from its foot is fituated 
 I.atacunga in $5 ^4 3^ ^ lat. On its W 
 fule is a river, which is fometimes forda- 
 bie, but generally pafled over a bridge. 
 This ailieuto is large and regular, the 
 jftreecs broad and fti-aight, the houics of 
 Ibone, arched, and well contrived, one 
 ftory high. This precaution the inhab- 
 itants were taught to obierve by a dread- 
 ful deftructlon of all the buildings, on the 
 aoth of June, 1699. Out of 600 ftone 
 h/)ufe3, which the aiTiento then coatained, 
 only a part of one, and the Jefuit'ii church, 
 were left {landing, and mofh of the inhab- 
 itants were buried in the ruins. The 
 flone of which the houies and churches 
 are bui^t, is a kind of pumice, or fpongy 
 ftone, ejtcTfed from volcanoes ; which have 
 
 bourhood. It is fo light, that it will fwin; 
 \V}. the water, and from its great poroiity 
 the lime cements the different pieces very j; 
 firongly together. This jurifdiction con- ji 
 tains 17 principal villages, 'i'he air of i| 
 the affiento is colder from the place being !{ 
 only 6 iea^jue? from the. mountain of Co- | 
 topad ; wxiich as It is not lefs in height or |i 
 extent than thofe of Chimborazo and i; 
 Caymburo, fo,like them, it is covered with 
 -ice and fnow. The villages ate populous ; 
 fuch as are feated in the vaihes are hot, 
 thofe In the plains temperate, whilfl thofe 
 which border on the mountain, like that 
 of the affiento, are cold, and fometimes to 
 an exceflive degree. The inhabitants 
 amount to about ia,ooo, chiefly Spaniards 
 and Meftizoes. Great quantities of pork 
 *«re falted here and fent to Quito, Guaya- 
 quil, and RIobamba, being highly valued > 
 for the peculiar flavour given it in the j 
 pickling. The rnanufadlures are thofe of 
 cloth, baize, and tucuyos. The inhabit- 
 ants of Puglii, and Saqulfili, are noted 
 for making earthen ware, highly valued 
 all over the province of Quito. The clay 
 of which they are made is of a lively red, 
 ysmarlisbly Lne, ccaitting c ^du^i Qi frag- 
 
 rahcy, and the workn\anfhip ve^'v ff^ 
 and ingenious. 
 
 Laurel Mouutain, a range of mountains 
 welhvard of the Alleghany ridge, and 
 a part of what is called the Alleghany 
 Mountains. It extends from Pcnnl'ylvania 
 to N. Carolina, and gives rife to feveral 
 branches of tiie Ohio R. The great Kan- 
 haway breaks through the Laurel Ridge 
 In its way to tiie Ohio, in N lat. 38 30, W 
 Ion. 81 19. In a fpur of this mountain, 
 about lat. 36, is a fpring of water, 50 feec 
 deep, very cold, and, it is faid, as blue as 
 indigo. The lands within a fmall dillance 
 of the Laurel Mountain, through which 
 tlie Youghiogany runs, are in many places 
 broken and fiony, but lich and well tim- 
 bered ; a:id in fome places, and particu- 
 larly tm Laurel Creek, they are rocky 
 yjid mountainous. i-'rom the Laurel 
 Alouniain to Monongahcla. the firft 7 
 iiilles are good, level, farming lands, with 
 f;ne meadows ; the fimber, white oak, 
 chei'nut, hickory, &c. 
 
 Laivrmce River and Gulf, St. St. Law- 
 rence is one of the largcfl rivers in N. 
 America. It iffues from Lake Ontario, 
 forming the outlet of the long chain of 
 great lalcrs, which feparate U. Canada 
 from the United States. From Lake 
 Ontario to Montreal it has the name of 
 Iroquois, and taking a northeafl courfe 
 embofoms the illand of Alontreal ; jufl 
 i above which it receives Ottawa or Grand 
 K.. from the W, and forms many fertile 
 \ ifiands. From Montreal it affumes the 
 I name of St. Lawrence, and continuing 
 the fame courfe palles by Qnebec, and 
 meets the tide upwards of .^00 miles from 
 the fea, and is fo far navigable for large 
 veffels. Having received in its courfe 
 befide Ottawa, St. John's Seguina, Def- 
 praires, Trois Rivieres, and innumerable 
 other fmaller (Ireams, it fails into the 
 ocean at Cape Rolieras, by a mouth about 
 90 miles broad, in which is the illand oC 
 Anticofli. In its courfe it forms a great 
 variety of bays, liarbours, and ifiands, 
 many of them fruitful and extremely 
 pleafant. The St. Lawrence may be 
 claffed with the moll noble rivers la 
 the world ; its waters ilow jooo miles be- 
 fore they reach the ocean : the commer- 
 cial advantages from fuch a lituation in- 
 creafe in proportion to the population of 
 its banks. The Indian trade, in a great 
 meafure, takes its current down the St. 
 Lawrence, particularly fmce vefu'Is of a 
 confiderable lize are conllantly building 
 for the navigation of the lakes. Smyth. 
 
£ E B' 
 
 L^-E 
 
 t^tvrencs, Sl a county of N. York, in the 
 N W corner of the, ftate, on the S E bank 
 of St. Lawrence R. intcrfedled by a num- 
 ;ber of confiderable rivers. It is divided 
 into the townlliips of MafTena, Madrid, 
 Lilbon, and Ofwegatchie, in which lall 
 are tiie lake and river of the fame name. 
 X3^rafs, Racket and St Regis rivers, pais 
 -through the northern part of this county 
 into the S^ Lawrcace. 
 
 Laurens, a diltridt of S. Carolina, lying 
 -between Enoree and Saluda rivers. It is 
 about 31 miles long, and 22 broa^, and 
 contains 12,809 inhabitaiits, J919 of whom 
 -are flaves. 
 
 Laurens Court Houfe, in the above CO. rs 
 10 miles from Buili R. 32 from Newbury 
 court houic, and 40 from Greenville. 
 Here is a poll office. 
 
 Laivrencsy Fort, is a little above the 
 eroding place pf Tufcarawas, a branch of 
 Mufkingum river. 
 
 Laivrer.ce Tozvn, a thinly fettled agrir 
 cultural tovvnlhip,a few miles to the.eail- 
 wardof Halifax -in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Laurent of the Mine, St. a fettlement i^. 
 the illand of St. Domingo, near the Spanifli 
 capital, St. Domingo. It Hands in the 
 place where the capital was firfl founded, 
 on the E fide of the Ozaraa, and about a 
 quarter of a league from its confluence 
 with the Ifabella. It can only be conhd- 
 cred as a dependency on St. Domingo, 
 and contains 300 inhabitants, all free ne- 
 groes, forming a cure. It was formed in 
 i723, by 128 runaway French negroes, 
 who being fent down to the bay of Ocoa 
 to be fliipped ofF, the Spaniards attacked 
 the efcort, and gave arms to the fugitives, 
 Hiaintaining that they were free men. 
 
 Laxvunak Hantwck, a Moravian fettle- 
 ment nearly oppofite Gofhgoflaink, on 
 Alleghany R. and 20 miles N E of Fort 
 Franklin. 
 
 Lazarusy Archipelago of, St. See De 
 fonte. 
 
 Leacocl, a townfliip in Lancafter coun- 
 ty, Pennfylvania, containing 2022 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Leafburgh, the chief town of Cafvvell co. 
 N. CaroUna. It contains a court houfe, 
 gaol, and a few houfes. 
 
 Lebanon, a poft town in York co. Maine, 
 ©n the E fide of Salmon Fall river, 100 
 tniles N of Bofton. It was incorporated in 
 1767, and contained in 1790, 1275 inhab- 
 itants. A fpecies of ftone is found here 
 which yields copperas and fulphur. 
 
 Lebanon, Neiv, a pleafant village in 
 Caaaat«> N. York, bordering oa Pittsfield, 
 
 Maflachufetts, fituated partly in 51 vsfle^ 
 and partly on the declivity of hill*. 
 The medicinal fprings here are next ia 
 celebrity to thofe of Ball town, Saratoga. 
 The pool is iituated on a ccmmanding em- 
 inence, overlooking the valley, and fur- 
 rounded with a few hoi/fes which afford 
 tolerable accommodatic cs to invalids. The 
 flream from the fpring is fo large, that -. 
 a few rods from it is an excellent grift 
 mill, 3 ftories high. 
 
 Lebanon, a pofl: town in Windham co. 
 Connedlicut, was fettled in 1697. The 
 foil is equal to almoft any in the State, 
 and the inhabitants are generally farmers^ 
 many of whom are wealthy. The thick 
 fettled part I'f the town forms a very 
 wide ftreet, and the houfes are at confid- 
 erable diflances fi-om each other. Acad^- 
 emic education has been patronized in 
 this place for above 90 years, greatly to 
 the honor of the people. The river 
 Shetucket is formed by the junction of 
 Willamantic and Mount Hope rivers, 
 which unit« aietween this town and 
 Windham. It lies 9 miles N of Norwich, 
 and 30 fouth eaft of Hartford. Inhab- 
 4tants, 3652. 
 
 Lebanon, a pofl town in Grafton co. N. 
 HampHiir€,on Mufcomy river, and on th» 
 E hde of the Connecticut, 2 miles below 
 Dartmouth College. It was incorporated 
 in 1 761. In 1775 it contained 347 inhab- 
 itants, in 1790, 1 1 80, an£ in 1800, 1574. 
 See Mufcomy Fond. 
 
 Lebanon, a poU town of Pennfylvania, 
 fituated on the S fide of Quitapahilla 
 creek, in Dauphin co. About a mile from, 
 the town is the Sufquehanna and Schuyl- 
 kill canal, which connects this creek with 
 the Tulpehocken, a branch of the Schuyl- 
 kill. Lebanon contains about 300 houfei, 
 regularly built, many of which are of 
 hrick and ftone ; a German Lutheran and 
 a Calvinift church. It is 25 miles E by N 
 of Harrifburg, 43 E by S of Carhfle, and 
 82 N W by W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Lee, a fmall town in Strafford co. N. 
 Hampilure, about iz miles N of Exe- 
 ter. It was' formerly part of Dover and 
 Durham, and was incorporated in 1766, 
 It contains 978 inhabitants. 
 
 Lee, Fort, was eredied by the Americans 
 during the late war, on the W bank of N. 
 river, having the trad: called the Enghfh 
 Neighbourhood on the N, and that called 
 Hoboken on the fouthwfu-d, in N lat. 40 
 56, and about 9 miles above the town of 
 Bergen. The Americans had 2000 men in 
 garrifon here xvi the late war, bat evacu-, 
 
 atjed 
 
EE 
 
 iE I' 
 
 ptcd it In November, 1776, with the lofs of 
 their artillery and ftores. 
 
 Life, a county of Virginia, in the S Vv'' 
 corner of the ftate, bounded S by the flate 
 of N Carolina, and W by Kentucky. It 
 is of a triangular form, 2 iides being about 
 60 miles long, the other about 30. In 
 this county is Powell's rivers running 
 through PoweU*.s fertile valley ; but a 
 third part of tlie county is mountaifiou's. 
 It contains 2^95 ^^^^ inhabitants, and 243 
 Slaves. At the court houf^'is apoft ofEce. 
 Chief town Jonefville. 
 
 Le/r, a towniliip in Berkfliii e* co. Mafia- 
 chuictts,5 miles tJ of Lenox, 4 E of Stock- 
 bridge, and 140 W of Bofton ; was incor- 
 porated in 1 7 77, and contains 1*67 iiihab- 
 itants. Houfatonick river runs foutherly 
 through this town. 
 
 ■r Lfec/s, a town in the eaftern part of 
 Gloucefter co. N. Jerfey, 4 miles W of 
 the mouth of Muilicus river, 
 
 Lefds, a village of Richmond co. Vir- 
 ginia, on the N bank of Rappahannock 
 river ; 14 miles E by S of Port Royal, 
 40 S Eof Frederickfourg, and 70 N E of 
 Richmond. Near Leedllowu is a famous 
 courfe for horfe racing. 
 
 ZseJs, a town in Kennebeck co. on the 
 ."S bank of Amereikoggen river, oppofite 
 the mouth of 20 miles itream, in the town 
 of Turner, in Cumberland co. 
 
 Leeds County ^ U. Canada, is bounded on 
 the E by the county of Grenville, on the 
 S by the river St. Lawrence, and on the 
 W by the boundary line of the late town- 
 fliip of Pittfburgh, running N until it 
 jntcrfecls the Ottawa or Grand river ; 
 thence defcending that river until it meets 
 tlie Nweflernmoft boundary of the county 
 of Grenville. The county of Leeds com- 
 prehends all the ifiands in the river St. 
 Lawrence near to it. The greater part 
 of it lies fronting the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Sf?iyth. 
 
 Leeds Toiinpiip, in the county of Leeds, 
 >« the 1 2th townlliip in afcending the river 
 St, Lawrence, It is watered by the Ga- 
 nanoque river, which has a good harbour 
 at its entrance. Here is a port of entry 
 ati the W bank of the Ganano^ue, near Its 
 mouth in the St. Lawrence. 
 
 LcedJio72, a poll town of Weftmoreland 
 €0. Virginia, 105 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Leefooga^ one of the Friendly iflands, in 
 the S. Sea. It was vifitcd by Captain 
 Cook, in 1776, who confiders it, in fome 
 refpecSts, fupeior to Anamooka. Tlie i/1- 
 smd is fituated near Hapaee, aiiU © about 
 7 miles long and 3 broad* 
 
 Leejhnrg, a pofl town of Maryland, ejf 
 miles from Frederickftown. 
 
 Leejburgi a pofl: town of Virgina, and' 
 
 capital of Loudon co. It is lituated 6 
 
 miles S W of the Patowmac, and 4 S of 
 
 { Gool'e Creek, a branch of that river on; 
 
 ; the great road leading from Philadelphia 
 
 I to the fouthward,and on the leading road- 
 
 i from Alexandria to Bath. It contains 
 
 j about 60 houfes, a court houfe, and g^'-ol. 
 
 I It is xO miles from Salifbury, 32 trom 
 
 I Shepherdftown, 20 from Frederickftown 
 
 ! in Maryland, 46 N V*' of Alexandria, and' 
 
 64 E S E of Wincliefter. 
 
 Lee's JJJaiul, in Patov/mac river, in Fair- 
 fax CO. Virginia, about 2 miles S E of 
 Thorp. 
 
 Leek, a fmairifland of Pehnfylvania, la" 
 Delaware river, 
 
 Lcetvard IJlands, See W. Ind'tet. 
 
 Lehighy or Lecha, a river which rifes in ' 
 
 Northampton co. Pennfylvania, about 21 
 
 j miles Eof Wyoming Falls, in Sufqnehan- 
 
 ' na river, and taking a circular courfe, 
 
 j paffing through the Slue A'lountains, cmp- 
 
 I ties into Delaware river on the S fide of 
 
 i Eafton, 1 1 miles N E of Bethlehem. It 
 
 7-uns about 75 miles, and is navigable 50 
 
 miles. ' 
 
 Le Grand, a confiderable river of the 
 ftate of Ohio, which rifes witliin a fevr 
 miles of the W extremity of Lake Erie, 
 and purfuing a N N W courfe for nearly 
 100 miles, thence turning to the W, emp- 
 ties into Lake Michigan. It is about 250 
 yards wide at its confluence with the lake. 
 Le (iuira, a corruption of La Guayra, 
 which fee. 
 
 Leicffer, a townfliip in Addifon co. Ver- 
 mont, lituated on the£ fide of Otter Creek, 
 haviiig522inhab'ttants. GreatTrout Pond, 
 or Lake, is partly in this town, and partly 
 in Salifbury on the N. This town wai 
 granted Od:. 20, 1761. 
 
 Leic.'Jier, called by the Indian n'ativej- 
 Tcivtaul, is a confiderable poft town in 
 Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, containing^'" 
 1 103 inhabitants. It is fituated upon 
 the poll: road from Bofton to Hartford, N~ 
 York and Philadelphia, 6 miles W of Wor- 
 cester, and 54 W by S of Bofton ; bound- 
 ed N by Paxton and S by Oxford. It' 
 was fettled in 1 71 3, and incorporated 
 in 1 720 or 1 721. There arc three meet- 
 ing houfes here for Congregationaliftsv 
 Anabaptifts, and Quakers ; who live in, 
 harmony together. The Le'icejler Acade-" 
 nry was incorporated In 1784, and Is welL 
 endowed. Wool cards are manufacStured 
 licce to the ^ajjual aaiouat of I^>ooo pairs. 
 
LEO 
 
 LEO 
 
 , fjrmhi^lon^ a poll: town, York co. Maine, 
 6io miles N E troni VVaililngton. 
 
 Lcmington^ a tovvxiiliip in Eifex co. Ver- 
 mont, oil the W bank of ConnetStlcut 
 river, and near the N E corner of the 
 i^tate. The Great Monadnock moiir- 
 tain is in this town. It contains 5a in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Le Malre. See Maire, 
 
 Lsmf-jler, an iiiconriuerable townjliip in 
 Chclnire co. N. Hampliure. It was in- 
 corporated in 1 76 1. hi 1775 it contain- 
 ed 128, in 1790, 414, and in iScc, 729 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Lenior, a CO. of Newbern dlRri<£t, N. 
 parblina, furrounded by Glafgow, Craven, 
 Jones, Ttnd Daupliin It contains 3898 
 free inhabitants, and 1457 flaves. Chief 
 town, Kingfton. 
 
 Lenoxy tlie fliire town of Berkfliire co. 
 MafTachuI'etts. It is a pleafant and thriv- 
 ing town, and has a court houle and gaol. 
 Houfatonick river pafTcs through the 
 town. It lies W of Walliington, S of 
 Pittsfield, 17 miles foiith wefierly of Chff- 
 ter, and 145 miles N of Boilron. Inhabit- 
 ants 1 04 1, and has a poft office. 
 
 Lenox CnfrlejTL poft town, Rockingham 
 CO. N. Carolina, 390 miles from Waihing- 
 ton. 
 
 Leagane^ Bay of^ called alfo Eighty or 
 Site of Leogane, alfo Cul de Sac of Leo- 
 gane, at the W end of the ifland of St. 
 Bomingo, is formed by two peninfulas. 
 It opens between Cape St. Nicolas at the 
 "VV end of the N penlnfaia, and Cape 
 Dame Marie, the N \Si point of the S pcn- 
 infula, 45 leagues apart. At the bottom 
 of the bay are the illands Gonave, and on 
 the N fide of the S peainfula the ifies Ref- 
 fif and Caymite. It embofoms a vaft 
 Tinm.ber of line bays. The chief bays, 
 towns and ports from Cape St. Nicholas 
 round to Cape Dame Marie art- La Plate 
 Jorrne, or tJie Platform, Gonaives, St. 
 Marc, Montrouis, Archahayc, Port au 
 Prince, I,eo<^ane, Goave, Miragoane, Pet- 
 it, Trou, Bay of Baradairiss, Bay of Durot, 
 Jcremie, Cape Dame Marie, &c. Trou 
 JBordit, at the head of which is Port au 
 Prince, is at tUe extremity of the Bay of 
 f .eoganc eallw^rd, 60 leagues E of Cape 
 Dame Alarie, and 51 S E of Cape St. 
 Nicliolas. 
 
 I.cogam^ a fea port town in the French 
 part of the ifland of St. Domingo, fitnatcd 
 on the N Tide of the neck of the S penin- 
 fulain tlve bay or bite of Leogane, at the 
 head of a fmall bay which lets up E from 
 rke bay of Grand Goavcj 4 leagues N £ of 
 
 the iQWix of that name, 6-| N of Jacrlie!, 
 8 N W of Cayes de j acme I, 9 W by S of 
 Port au Prince, and 6^ leagues S E of 
 Petite Gonave ifland. N lat. 1 8 30, W Ion. 
 from Paris 75 1. It is an agreeable, 
 pleafant, and commercial place. The 
 exports from Jan. i, i 789, to Dec. 31 of the 
 lame yc^r, were 895,8 /libs, white fugar, 
 7,0795'iO^lba. brown fugar, 1,932,95^1^5. 
 coffee, i39,887lbs. cotton, and 4,9iSclbs. 
 indigo. The duties on tht exportation 
 of the above, 26,103 dollars 70 cents. 
 
 LeoK.zufur, a poft town in Worcefter co* 
 Maffachufetts, 7 miles N by W of Lan- 
 cafter, 20 S E of Winchendon, 46 weft- 
 ward ofBofton, 19 N of Worcefler, and 
 20 S of Marlborough, in New Hampfliire, 
 has a printing ottice and feveral neat 
 buildings. Ihis townllilp was taken 
 from Lancafter, incorporated in 1740, 
 and contains i486 inhabitants. On the 
 difl'erent ftreams which pafs through the 
 town are 2 grift mills, 5 faw mills, an oil 
 mill, and clothiers works, very excellent* 
 About 200,000 bricks are annually made 
 here. The manufacture of combs is alfo 
 carried on to great perfection and profit. 
 LeominJIer Corcy adjoining, contains 27 in- 
 habitant*. 
 
 Leon, a river which falls into the Gulf 
 of Mexico from the N W at the bay of St. 
 Bernard. 
 
 Leon, AVrt', a populous kingdom of 
 New Spain, in N America, in which are 
 feveral lilver mines. 
 
 Leon, a town of the province of Panu- 
 co, in Mexico. It has rich mines, and 
 lies 30 leagues N of Mechoacan, and ^s 
 N W of ^he city oi Mex'co. 
 
 Lecn de C racas, St. a city, the capital of 
 the province of the Caracas, fituated oa 
 a river, a'. out 6 leagues S from he coaft, 
 eiicloied by mountains. The valley in 
 which it ftands is a fevannah, well water- 
 ed and very healthy, about 3 le;ignes long 
 and I broad in the middle the only en- 
 trance into whicii is through a crooked 
 and fteep road. The city is near a mile 
 lona ; the houfes handfome and well fur- 
 nifiied ; the ftrects regular, ftraight and 
 broad, cutting each other at right angles, 
 and terminating in a m guiUcent fquart 
 in the centre. It contains about 4 or 
 5,000 inhabitants : moft of whom are 
 owners of cocoa plantations, which 12 or 
 13,000 negroes cultivate in the rich val- 
 lies, which is almoft the only cultivation 
 they have. 
 
 Lecn cU Nkaj-agna, a town of N. Amer- 
 ica io Ncv/ Spain, and in the province oif 
 Kicaragna 5 
 
LEI- 
 
 LEW 
 
 INIoaragUji ; the relldence of a governor, 
 and a bifhop's fee. It was taken by the 
 buccaneers in 1685, in figkt of a Spsfnifli 
 army who were 6 to i ; is feated at the 
 foot of a mountain, which is a volcano, 
 and occafions earthquakes. It confifts 
 of about 1000 houfes, and has feveral 
 irionafteries and nunneries belonging to 
 it. At one end of the town is a lake 
 which ebbs and flows like the fea. It is 
 30 miles from the South Sea. N lat. iz 
 i5,Wlon. 88io. 
 
 Leonardjloivn, a pofl town of Maryland, 
 arid the capital of St. Mary's co. is fituated 
 on the E fide of Britton's brook, jufl: 
 where it falls into Britton's Bay, 5 miles 
 from its nlouth in the Pato\Vmac, and con- 
 tains about 50 houfes, a court houfe, and 
 gaol. It is 113 miles S of Baltimore, G^ 
 S by E of Upper Marlborough, 30 S E 
 of Port Tobacco, and 217 S V/ of Phila- 
 delphia. N lat. 3818. 
 
 Lcp&rs' If and, one of the Nexo Hebrides. 
 The inhabitants of this ifland, according 
 to Bougainville's account of them, " are 
 of two colours, Mack and mulatto. 
 Their lips are thick, their hair frizzled, 
 and fome have a kind of yellow wool ; 
 they are fmall,ugly, illmade, and in gener- 
 al devoured by the leprofy, which occafion- 
 ^d the difcoverer Bougainville to call it the 
 JJle of Lepers : few women were feen, but 
 they were altogether as difgufling as the 
 men. They go naked, hardly cov.'ring 
 their waifls with a mat." They carry 
 their children on their backs in a kind of 
 fcarf. They wear ornaments in their 
 noflrils ; and have no beards. 
 
 Lc Roach IJland, is near Fstukland's Ifl- 
 ands ; difcovered in 1657. 
 
 Les Cayesy a jurifdi6tion on the S fide 
 of the French part of thfe ifland of St. Do- 
 mingo, contains 4 pariflies, and yields 
 abundance of fugaf, cotton, and cofFce. 
 Its exports from the town Les Cayss 
 from January i, 1789, to Dec. 31, of the 
 fame year, were 2,597,666^)3. white fu- 
 gar ; ^4,5 26,05 olbs. brown fugar ; 
 3,025,6o4lbs. coflec; 855, 447lbs. cotton ; 
 169,30511)3. indigo; and fmall articles to 
 the value of 8356 livres. The vah.ie of 
 duties paid on the above on e.^portitic»n 
 101,528 dollars, 85 cents. Th.e town Les 
 Cayes lies between the villages TorbecW 
 and Cavaillon, on the large bay which 
 fets up to the ifland Avache ; from which 
 it is about 3 leagues diftant, and 5 leagues 
 northerly of Point Abacon. N lat. 18 12, 
 W Ion. from Paris 76 8. 
 
 Letterienny, a townfliip, FrafikHn CO. 
 Tef^.R ^k 
 
 Pennfylvania. It lias 1497 in^^^^jitants. 
 
 Lfuereit, a townfliip in liampfliire ctf. 
 Mafiachiifetts, near ConnecSlicuc river, 
 and 94 miles W of Bofton ; incorporated 
 in 17^4, and contains 711 inhabitants. 
 A copper mifte has been found in thi« 
 townfliip. 
 
 Levi, a point of land in the river St. 
 Lawrence, oppofite to the city of Que- 
 bec. 
 
 Levi, Tp du Fort, in the river St, Law- 
 rence, U. Canada, in front of the townfliip 
 of Edt-i-afdlburgh. On this i fland are the 
 ruins of a Frcftch fortificathm. 
 
 Lewis, a town in Efi'ex eo. S W of 
 Lemington,adjoining,in Vermont. It is 
 about 8 miles S of the Canada line. 
 
 Leivis Creek, in Vermont, a fmall f^rcam 
 which falls into L. Champlain at Ferrif- 
 burg, a little N of Little Otter Creek. 
 
 Leivh's jSay. See Barrjiubh County^ 
 MafTachufetts. 
 
 Lezvijiurg. See Lcwjhourg. 
 
 Lctvijlur^, ^co. in Orangcburgh difb!^, 
 S. Carolina. 
 
 Letvijlmrg, a pofl town of N. Carolina, 
 and capital of Franklin co. is on Tir 
 river, and contain^; between 20 and 30 
 houfes, a court houfe and gaol. If is 3O 
 miles N of Raleigh, 25 S Of Warrenton, 
 56 from Tarborou^Ji. 
 
 Lezui/hurg, a poil town, and the chief 
 town of Grecubririr co. Virginia ; on tlte 
 N fide of Grctnbri.'ir river, contains 
 about 60 houfes, a court houfe and gaol. 
 It is 250 miles V/ by N of Richm.ond, 
 and 486 W by S of Philadelphia. N lat. 
 388. 
 
 Leivijhurg, Of ^arjloivn, a poft tOV/n of 
 
 Northumberland co. Pcnnfylvania ; oa 
 the W fide of the Sufquchanna, 7 miles 
 above Northumberland. It contains 
 about 60 houfes, :ind is well (ituated for 
 carrying on a briik trade with the N W 
 part of the State. It is 30 miles E by N 
 of Aaronlliurg. 
 
 Leivifioivn, a pofl town in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, on the E fide o*" Androicoggin 
 river, and bounded S W by liowdoin. It 
 has 948 inhabitants, and is 36 miles N 
 E of Portland. 
 
 Leiuiftoivn, or Leive.*, a poft town ia 
 SufTex CO. Delavvare, is pleafantly fituat- 
 ed on Lewes creek, 3 miliis above its 
 mouth in Delaware Bay, and as far W 
 by N of the light houfe on C.ipe Hcnlo- 
 pen. it contains a Prcfbyterian and 
 Methodift church, and about 80 houfes, 
 built chiefly on a (Ireet whicJi is more 
 than ^ miics in length, and extcndin;^ 
 
 alonii 
 
LEX 
 
 LEX 
 
 along a creek, -which feparates the toWti 
 from tlie pitch of the cape. The fit- 
 uation is high, and commands a full prol- 
 pedt of tlie light houfc, and the. fea. 
 The court houfe and the gaol are commo- 
 dious buildings, and give an air of Impor- 
 fcance to the town. The entrance oi a 
 bay, which is crowded with vcllels from 
 all parts of the world, and which is fre- 
 quently clofed with ice a part of the win- 
 ter fealon, ncccllity fcicms to require, and 
 nature fcems to fuggcH, fliould be formed 
 into a harbour for Ihipping. The de- 
 ficiency of water in the creek, may be 
 cheaply and cafily fupplied by a I'niall 
 canal i'o as to afford a paflage for the 
 waters of Reho])oth into Lewes creek, 
 which would enfure an adequate fup- 
 ply. The circumjacent country is- beau- 
 tifully diverfified with hilig^ woods, 
 ftreams and lakes, forming an agreeable 
 contrafl to the naked fandy beach, which 
 terminates in the cape ; but it is greatly 
 infefted with mufquctoes and fand flics. 
 I^ carries on a fmall trade with Philadel- 
 phia in the produtfllons of the country. 
 A manufaiflure of marine and glav/her 
 falts,aud magnefia, has l>ecn lately eftab" 
 liihcd here, which is managed by a gen- 
 tleman ikiiled in the pracSlical kntnvledge 
 of cheminftrv. It is IT3 miles S of Phi- 
 lndch,)hia. N lat. .^8 6;\r Ion. 75 iS. 
 
 Lcwljloivn, the chief and po/l town of 
 Pvliffiui CO. Pennfylvania, fituatcd on the 
 *Str»de of juniatta river, on the W fide of, 
 and at the mouth of Cifliicoquilis creek ; 
 about 7,3 miles N E of Huntingdon. It 
 i» regularly laid out, and contains about 
 120 dwelling b.oufes, 323 inhabitant?^ a 
 court houfc and gaol. It was incorpo- 
 fated in 1795, and is governed by two 
 burgefles, one high conflable, a town 
 clerk, and two alhfiants. It is ijo- miles 
 \V ^ W of Philadelphia. N lut. 40 2,2,^ W 
 Ion. 77 2.-^. 
 
 Le-uruncdhiinneJi, a town on the Ohio, 
 where Chrirtain Indians fettled under the 
 care of the Moravian miffionaries. 
 
 'Lexaiv.ifce'tn, a fmail river of Pennfyl- 
 vania, which rifes by feveral branches in 
 Northampton co. Pennfylvania, on tlie E 
 fide of Mount Ararat ; thefe unite about 
 10 mil£S from its mouth in Delaware 
 river. Its courfe is S E and E. It joins 
 •the Delaware about 174 miles above Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
 Lex'tijton, a pofl town of Virginia, and 
 capital of Rockbridge co. It is fituatcd 
 on the pofl road from Philadelphia to 
 Scntycky, by way of the wildernefs, and 
 
 about a mile S of the N branch of 
 James's river. It contains a court houfe, 
 gaol, and about 100 houfcs. The 
 lituation of the town is healthy and 
 agreeable, and the country roupd highly 
 cultivated. Lefs than a mile from the 
 town is Liberty Hall Academy, now 
 W.Uhington Coflege, built of ftone, large 
 enough to contain 40 or 50 ft udents, and 
 handlomely endowed by that dirtinguifli- 
 ed man whofe name it bears. It is 159 
 miles W by N of Richmond, 322 front 
 Philadelphia, and 465 from Danville in 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Lexington, a poft town of Kentuclcy, 
 and formerly the metropolis of that ftate. 
 It is fituatcd on a rich extenfive plain, ia 
 Fayette co. on the N fide of Town Fork, 
 a fmarll ftream which falls into the S 
 branch of Elkhorn river. It is built on 
 a regular plan, and contains about 350 
 houfcs, 5 places of public worfliip, a 
 court liotrfe and' gaol It contains aa 
 Uiiivcrlity, a duck fadlory, 3 fadlories 
 for cordage, feveral do. for nails, 1 ma- 
 chines for fpining cotton, one of which 
 has 168 fpindles, a factory for weaving, 
 2 printing offices, which publifli two 
 weekly gazettes ; has feveral ftores of 
 goods well aiTorted, and is a flourifliing, 
 agreeable place. It is fituated' in the 
 midft of a fine tracfl of country, ou the 
 head waters of Elkhorn river, 24 miles 
 E of Frankfort, and 774 S W by W of 
 Philadelphia. It has 1795 inhabitants, 
 among whom are a number of genteel 
 families^ N lat. 38 6, W Ion. 85 8. Near 
 this town are found curious fepulchrcs 
 full of human fkelctons. It has been af- 
 fertcd that a man in or near the town, 
 having dug 5 or 6 feet below the furface 
 of the ground, came to a large flat ftoncg 
 under wl'.ich was a well of common" 
 depth, regularly and artificially ftonedt 
 In the vicinity of Lexington are found 
 the remains of two ancient fortifications, 
 furnilhed with ditches and baftions, over- 
 grown with large trees. 
 
 Lc:4ingion, ?L poft'town, Rowan CO. Nl 
 Carolina, 399 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Lexington^ a CO. iu Orangeburg diftrivH:,. 
 S. Carolina. 
 
 Lexington, formerly called the Grtat 
 Falls, a fmall poft town of Georgia, fituat- 
 ed on the S fide of Ogeechee river on a 
 beautiful eminence which overlooks the 
 falls of the river. It is % miles fron» 
 Georgetown, and 30 from Greenfborongh. 
 
 .Lexington, a t«wn in Middlefex co. 
 Maiiachul"fctls, 11 i^iks N W of Bofton, 
 
 havijig 
 
LI B 
 
 XIM 
 
 iharlnga neat Congregational church, and 
 a number of compact houlcs. It has 
 been rendered famous by the battle 
 fought in it, April 19, X775, which may- 
 be fonfidercd as tiie comlnencc■m^nt of 
 the American revolution. This town- 
 fliip contains ioc6 inhabitants, and was 
 incorporated in 1712. On the ground 
 where the battle was fought is a ftone 
 monument 10 feet high, on which is the 
 following infcrit)tion. "Sacred ro Liberty 
 and the rights of Mankind ! ! The free- 
 dom and independence of America fcaled 
 %an^ defended with the blood of her fons. 
 This monument is eretSled by tlie inhab- 
 itants of Lexington, under the patronage, 
 and at the expenfe of the Commonwealth 
 of Maflachufetts, to the memory of their 
 fellow citizen* : Enfign Ru-bcrt Mimroc, 
 MeQVs. Jonas Parker, Samue-I Hadiey, 
 Jonathan Harrington, Ifaac Muzzy, Caleb 
 Harrington and John Brown, of Lexing- 
 ton, and Afahel Porter, of Woburn ; 
 who fell on this field, the firfl: victims to 
 the fword of Britiih tyranny and oppref- 
 fion,on the morning of the ever membra 
 ble nineteenth of April A. D. 1775- 
 
 The die was Caft ! ! ! 
 The blood of thefe martyrs, in the caufe 
 of God and their country, w-^;s the cement 
 cf the Union of tliele States, then colo- 
 iiies, and gave the fpring to the fpirits, 
 iirmnefs and refolation of their itllow 
 citizens." 
 
 Leydc'fij a poft tovvn, Oneida co. N.York, 
 530 miles N E from Wafliington. 
 
 Lsyden, a townfliip in HampHiire co. 
 ^aflachufetts, between Colerain and 
 Bernardflon, 29 miles from Northampton, 
 the lliire town, and 100 N \V of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1784, and con- 
 tains 1095 inhabitants, 
 
 Zezars, an Indian nation, who inhabit 
 between the mouth of the Ohio and Wa- 
 bafla rivers. They can furnifli 30c war- 
 liors. 
 
 Liberty, a poft town of Virginia, 15 
 miles from New London, 35 from Fin- 
 caflle, 40 from Franklin court houfe, 
 6j from Martinfburg. This Is the 
 chief town of Bedford county, and has 
 a handfome court houfe, and contains 
 50 or 60 houfes. 
 
 Liberty, a county of Georgia, bounded 
 N by Brian, S by Macintofii, W by Alata- 
 raaha, N E by the ocean. It is 40 miles 
 long, az broad. Cotton and rice are 
 raifed here. An acre produces 25 or 30 
 bufhels of corn. The inhabitants were 
 iht firft in the (late, who declared for 
 
 liberty, and fent a delegate to the cos- 
 grefs at Philadelpiiia ; licncc the name 
 of the county. It is divided into 5 towns 
 and contains 5313 inhabitants, of whom 
 3940 are in (lavcr)'. Odd as it may fecm, 
 flavery txifts in Liberty county. 
 
 Liberty, a poft town of Maryland, lit- 
 uated in Frederick co. iz miles N E of 
 Fredcrickflown, and about 44 NN W of 
 the Federal City. Copper mines have 
 been found near this town, and have 
 been worked; but to ^no great ertcnt as 
 yet. 
 
 L'-ichtsratt, a Aforavian fettlcmcnt on 
 the £ fide of Mtiikingum river, 3 miles 
 below Gofchachgucnk ; but as the war- 
 riors paffed conftantly through this place, 
 it was forfaken, and they rwnoved to Sa- 
 lem, 5 miles below Gnadcnhucttcn. 
 
 Lick, a name by whicli fult fprings are 
 called i,u the weflern parts of tliC United 
 States. See Big Bone Lick. 
 
 Licking, a navigable river of Kentucky, 
 which rifes on :the wcftern coniines of 
 Virginia; interlocks with the head waters 
 of Kentucky river ; runs in a N W di- 
 rection, upwards of iSo miles, and by a 
 mouth 150 yards wide througli the S 
 bank of Ohio river, oppofite Fort Wafli- 
 ington. .Upon this river arc iron works, 
 and numerous fah fprings. Its principal 
 branch is navigable nearly 70 miles. 
 FromLimedone to this river, the country- 
 is very rich, and covered with cane, ryc- 
 grafs, and natural clover. 
 
 Ligoiiier, Fort, lies on ilic fo^d from 
 Pliiladelphia to Pittiburg ; a66 miles 
 from the former and 54 from the latter, 
 and 9 miles from the E fide of Laurel 
 ilill. 
 
 Ligojiion, a poll town of Amelia co Vir- 
 ginia, ooz miles from Wafiiington. 
 
 Liguanca, mountains in the illand of 
 Jamaica, At the foot of thefe in St. An- 
 drew's parifli, about 6 miles from Kit\g- 
 fton, is tiic mod magnificent botanical 
 garden in the world. It was eftabliflied 
 in 1773, under the fan(5lion of the aiTcm- 
 bly. The fortune of war having thrown 
 into Lord Rodney's hands many rare 
 plants, he prefcnted to his favoured iC- 
 and plants of the genuine cinamon, the 
 mango, bread fruit, and other oriental 
 produdlions ; -vvhich are now become 
 common in the illand. See Cold Sptiyg. 
 
 Lil/y Point, King William co. Virginia. 
 Here is a poft office, 134 miles from 
 "Wafliingtou. 
 
 Lima, the middle divifion of Peru, in 
 S. America, It has Quito N, the moun- 
 tains 
 
 *^ 
 
LIM 
 
 LIM 
 
 t^ins called Andes E, the audience of Los 
 Cuarcos S, and the Pacific ocean W. 
 There arc many wild beafts in the audi- 
 ence. 
 
 Lima, the capital of Peru, in S. America, 
 IS alfo called Los Reyes, or the City of 
 Kings, and is the emporium of this part of 
 the world. It vyas founded by Don Fraii- 
 ciico Pizarro on the i8th of January^ 
 1535 ; is lituated in a large, fpacious, and 
 fertile plain, called the yalley of Rimac, 
 on the S (iJe of the river Pvimac, which 
 runs wefttvard. The 'ameofLhiia being 
 only a corrup; pronunciation of thp Indian 
 word which is derived from an idol to 
 %rhich, the Ind-ns and their Yncas ufed 
 to facriiice. Tnis idol i^eing fuppofed to 
 returnaniwers to the prayers offered to it, 
 they called it, by way of diftintSlion, Ri- 
 mac, i. p. the fpeaker. It is fo well w^.ter- 
 cd by the river Rimq|, that the inhabit- 
 ants command a flream, each for his own 
 life. The N fide of the town runs nearly 
 clofe to the river for the length of about 
 10 furloiigs. At about -} of this fpace, 
 from the weftern extent, an elegant flone 
 bridge of 4 or 5 arches 15 built acrofs the 
 river leading S, about zoo yards to the 
 great fquure, of which the fide is about 
 140 yards. The f^rect continues S from 
 the bridge, for near a mile, having parallel 
 ftreets, 8 to the W, and 6 to theE, beude 
 other ft reels which run obliquely S eafl-- 
 ward. The 15 ftreets, running N and 3, 
 a'-e croffed by 8 others, running E and 
 W, beiide fevcral to the fouthward, not 
 parallel to the former, and others in the 
 eaftem parts, which harve different direc- 
 tions. The figure of the town is nearly 
 <juadrHateral. A diagonal line running E 
 and W, would be 18 furlongs in length ; 
 and the fouthern perpendicular, about 7 
 furlongs, and the northern about 4 fur- 
 longs ; fo that the city ftands on a fpace 
 of ground, nearly equal to a mile and a 
 quarter fquare. The northern fide for 
 about 3 quarters of a mile next the river, 
 is fortified moftly by redans ; the reff of, 
 the cuTuU is enclofed with 34 hollow baf- 
 tions and their intermediate curtains. 
 The whole is faced with a brick wall, and 
 furrrunded with a ditch, but has no cover- 
 ed w-iy, gh-.cis nor outworks. Eight gates, 
 befide th.iL ac thi bridge, furnilli a com- 
 jnunicA'ion with the adjacent coi^iitry. 
 The tliy (lands about 6 miles from C^llao, 
 which is the fe.tport to Lima, and 180 N 
 W of G-: im^nga. The white people in 
 lAma ar* eftimated at about 15,000;, and 
 the whcte number of iiihabitaxita are about 
 
 60,000, or 54,coo according to Plnkerton. 
 One remarkable fadl is fulTicient to de- 
 monftrate the wealth of this city. When 
 the viceroy, the Duke de la Palada, made 
 his entry into Lima, in 1682, the inhabit- 
 ants to do him honour, caufed the ffreets 
 to be paved with ingots of filver, amount- 
 ing to 17 millions fterling. All traveller* 
 fpeak with amazement of tlie decorations 
 of the churches with gold, filver, and 
 precious itones, which load and ornament 
 even th^ waljs. The only thing that could 
 juffify thefe accounts, is the immenfe 
 riches and extenfive commerce of the in- 
 habitants. The merchants of Lima may 
 be faid to deal with all the quarters of the 
 world ; and that both on their own ac- 
 count, and as fadlors for others. Here, all 
 tlie productions of the fouthern province* 
 are conveyed, in order to be exchangeai 
 at the harbour of Lima, for fuch articles 
 i as the inhabitants of Peru ftand in need of. 
 The fleet from Lurope and the E. Indies 
 land at the fame harbour ; and the com- 
 modities of Afia, EurojDe, and America, 
 are tliere bartered for each other. But 
 all the wealth of the inhabitants, all the 
 beauty Qf the fituation, and the fertility 
 of the climate of Lima, are infufficient to 
 compenfate for the difaftcr which threat- 
 ens, aud has fometimes a'ilually befallen 
 them. Earthquakes are very frequent. 
 Since the year 1582, there h^ve happen- 
 ed about X5 concufiions, b elide that on 
 the 28th of 06lober, 1 746, at hali" an hour 
 after \o at night, 5 hours and 3 quarters 
 before the full of the moon ; which be- 
 gan with fuch violence, that in little more 
 than 3 minutes, the greateft part, if not all 
 the buildings, great and fmall, in the whole 
 city, were deftroyed ; burying under their 
 ruins thofe inhabitants who had not made 
 fufficient hafte into the ftreets and fquares, 
 the only probable places of fafety in thof^ 
 terrible convulfions of natuie. At length 
 the dreadful effects of the firff fliock ceaf- 
 ed, but the tranquility was of fnort dura- 
 tion ; concuffions return'ng fo repeated- 
 ly, that the inhabitants, according to th^ 
 account fent of it, computed aco in the 
 firft 24 hours ; and to the 24th of Febru- 
 ary, the following year, 1747, when the 
 narrative was dated, no lefs than 450 
 fliocks were obferved ; fome of which, if 
 lefs permanent, were equal to the iirft in 
 violence. The fort of Callao, at the very 
 (ame hour, tumbled into ruins. But what 
 it fuffcred from the eariiiquake in its 
 buildings, was inconfidcrable when com- 
 pared with the terrible cataftrophe which 
 
 followed 
 
LIU 
 
 L IN 
 
 follow^. For the fea, as is ufual on fuch 
 occaiions, receding to a confiderable dif- 
 tance, returned in mountainous waves, 
 foaming with the violence of the agita- 
 tion, and fuddenly overwhehncd Callao [ 
 and the neighbouring country. This was i 
 not, however, periormed by the firft 
 fwelllng of the waves ; for the fta retir- 
 ing further, returned with ftlU greater 
 impetuollty, the ftupendous water cover- 
 ing both the walls and other buildings of 
 the place ; fo that whatever had tfcaped 
 the firft, was now totally overwhehncd 
 by thofe terrible mountains of waves ; 
 and nothing remained, except a piece of 
 the wall of the fort of Santa Cruz, as a me- 
 morial of this terrible dcvaftation. Here 
 were then 23 fliips and veflcls, great and 
 fmall, in the harbour, of which 19 were 
 funk, and the other 4, among which was 
 a frigate called St. Feimin, «;arried by 
 the force of the waves to a confiderable 
 diftance up the country. See Cullao. 
 This terrible inundation extended to 
 Other parts of the coaft, as Cavallos and 
 Guanape ; the tov/ns of Chancay, Guau- 
 ra, and the vallies Delia Baranco, Sape, 
 and Pativilca, underwent the fame fate 
 as the city of Lima. According to an ac- 
 count fent to Lima after this accident, a 
 volcano in Lucanoj burft forth the fame 
 night, and cjedled fuch quantities of wa*. 
 ter, that the whole country was over- 
 flov/n ; and in the mountain near Patas, 
 called Converfiones de Caxamarquilla, 3 
 other volcanoes burftjdifcharging fright- 
 ful torrents of water ; and in the fame 
 ifnanner as that of CarguayrafTo, Lima is 
 the fee of an archbifliop, and the feat of 
 an univerfity. The inhabitants are very 
 debauched ; and the monks and nuns, of 
 whom there are great numbers, are no 
 more chafte than the reft of the in- 
 habitants. If any one happens to rival 
 a monk, he is in danger of his life, for 
 they always carry daggers concealed. 
 Lima, according to feveral obfervations 
 made for that purpofe, flands in lat. iz 
 2 31 S, and its Ion. is 75 5 a W. The va- 
 riation of the needle is 9 a 30 eafterly, 
 
 Limbe, a village in the N W part of the 
 i/land of St. Domingo, 7 leagues W by S 
 of Cape Frangois. 
 
 Limey a town in Grafton co N. Hamp- 
 fliire, on the E bank of ConneAicut R. 
 I a miles N of Dartmouth College, and 
 has J318 inhabitants. 
 
 L'mierick^-a. poft town in York co. Maine, 
 near the confluence of Little Ofilpee R. 
 \vith Saco,and Qppofite Gorham. It >vas 
 
 incorporated in 1787, and has 995 in* 
 habitants. 
 
 Limerick y a townfliip in Montgomery 
 CO. Pennfylvania, has 999 inhabitants. 
 
 Lh/iijlotte Creek, in TcnciTec, is the N E 
 branch of Noiachucky river. It rifes 0.% 
 miles S of Long Ifland in Holfton river. 
 
 Z/w^o/i^, a poft town in Kentucky, on 
 the S fide of Ohio river, and on the W 
 fide of the mouth of a fmall creek of its 
 nctaie. It ftands on a lofty and uneven 
 bank, aud is not feen from the river until 
 one is vt^ithin a miles of it. This is the 
 ufual landing place fm- people coming 
 down in boats, who mean to fettle in the 
 upper parts of the ftate ; and here the 
 champaign country on the E fide of the 
 river begins. It is 4 miles N E of the 
 town of Wafliington, 4J S \V of Fort 
 Walhington, 44 S W by S of Bourbon- 
 town, and 500 miles below Pittlburg. N 
 lat. 38 40, W Ion. 84 17. 
 
 Limington, a town in York co. Maine, 
 bounded M and E by Saco river, 50 miles 
 N of York. 
 
 Limonade, a village on the N fide of the 
 French part of the ifland of .St. DomingO', 
 4 leagues S W of fort Dauphine. N lat. 
 
 19 37- 
 
 Lincoln, a maritime county of Maine ; 
 bounded N by Kennebcck co. S by the 
 ocean, E by Hancock co. and W by that 
 of Cumberland. Its fea coaft extends from 
 that part of Penobfcot Bay, oppofite to 
 Deer Ifland eaftward, to Cape Small 
 Point weftward. The population amounts 
 to 30,100 fouls. The fea coaft of the 
 counties of Cumberland and Lincoln is 
 ICO miles in extent, meafurcd in aftraight 
 line, but is faid to be above aoo by the 
 courfe of the waters. It abounds with 
 fafe and commodious harbours ; aiid the 
 whole fhore is covered by a line of i flands, 
 among which veflcls may generally an- 
 chor in fafety. There are in thefe coun- 
 ties many large rivers, fome of them nav- 
 igable far up the country ; and although 
 navigation for large velTels is interrupted 
 by fails, when far up the rivers, yet above 
 the falls, there is plenty of water for 
 boats, nearly to the fource of the rivers; 
 and by the lakes and ponds and branches 
 of the rivers, there is a water communi- 
 cation, with few interruptions, from the 
 weftern to the eaftern bounds, acrofs the 
 country, above the centre of it. By this 
 route its produ(5lions may, at a Imall ex- 
 penfe, be tranfported to the difTerent fea- 
 ports. Chief towns, WifcaiTet, Waldo- 
 borowgh, s^nd Wararco. 
 
 Linc\)lnj 
 
LIN 
 
 LIS 
 
 ^'meifln County, U. Canada, is divided in- 
 *0 4 ridinj^s ; the firit riding is bonndcd 
 on the \V by tije coiuity of York ; on 
 the S by the Grand River, c.illed the 
 .Cure ; thence dcl'ccndinj; that rivtr until 
 it meets an Indian road Je.iding to the 
 forks of the Chippewa Creek, cow calhd 
 the Welland ; thence defccndin^ that 
 creek unlil it meets tlic late towufliip No, 
 5 ; thence N along the fald boundary un- 
 til it interfctSis lake Oatario ; and thence 
 along the S fliore of lake Ontario, until it 
 meets the S E boundary of theeounty of 
 York. T'"*^' fecond riding h bounded on 
 the W by the firfl: riding : on ihe N l>y 
 lake Ontario ; on the E by the river Ni- 
 agara ; and on the S by the northern 
 boundary of tiie late tpwnfliips No. a, 
 No. 9 and No. lo. The tbird riding is 
 bounded on the E by the river Niagara ; 
 on the S by the Chippewa or Welland ; 
 on the W by the eaftern boundary of the 
 iirft riding ; and on the N,by the fouth- 
 crn boundary of the fecond riding. The 
 fourth riding is bounded on the E by the 
 river Nii\gara ; on the S by lake Erie 
 to the moutn of the Grand River, or 
 t)ufe ; thence up that river to the road 
 leading from the Oufe to the forks of tlie 
 Chippewa or Weliand, and on the N by 
 the faid road until it ftrikcs the fork? of 
 the Welland, and thence down the Wel- 
 land to the river Niagara. The fourth 
 riding includes the i Hands comprifed 
 within the eaGernmofl: boundaries of the 
 river Niagara. The whole county is di- 
 vided into 20 townfliip:^, containing about 
 6ooo fouls, and furnifliing 5 battaliions 
 of militia. Nineteen covered waggons 
 with families came in to fettle in the vi- 
 cinity of the county of Lincoln, in June, 
 
 1799- 
 
 Lincoln^ a county of Morgan diftritSt, 
 N.Carolina ; b.ounded N E by Iredell, N 
 W by Burke, W by Rutherfc^rd, and E by 
 Cabarras. It contains iz,565? inhabitants, 
 of wliom 1479 ^'■^' fiaves. Here are min- 
 eral fprings and mines of iron. A fur- 
 nace and forge have been ereifled, which 
 carry on the manufaclure of pig, bar 
 iron, &c. Chief town, Lincolntown. 
 
 Lincoln^ a CO. of Georgia, formed in 
 1796, containing 7 townCliips, and 4766 
 inbabitaqts, of whom 1433 ^re flavep. 
 
 Ltncolntox^ in the above co. has a pofl 
 office, 636 niilesfrom Wafliington. 
 
 Lineolnvillsy a town in Hancock co. 
 Maine, on the W fide of Penobfcot bay, 
 including the late plantation* of Canaan, 
 Xhicktrap, &c. la milet from Bclfaft. 
 
 L'wiohiy^^o.ol Kentucky, bounded N 
 by Mei-cer, N W by Walluugton, N E by 
 Madifon, and S by Logan. It contains 
 8555 inhabitants, of whom i/jo were 
 llavcs. The road fiom D.aiville <in Ken- 
 tucky river, pa/lts through it S .vciferly, 
 arid over Cuniberland nipuntam to Vir-r 
 ginia. 
 
 fJncotHj a tovvn^ l^lerccr co. Kentucky, 
 on the E tide of Dick's nvcr, on the road 
 from Danville, to Virginia. It .^s 1 2 miles 
 S E o: Danville, and n N W of Crab 
 Orchard. 
 
 Lincolm^ a townfliip in Grafton co. N 
 Hanipllure, incorporated in 1764, coil- 
 tains 41 inhabitants. 
 
 Lincoln, a townfliip ill the N E part of 
 Addifon co. Vermont, it has 97 iniiabit- 
 auts. 
 
 Lincoln, a townfliip in Middlcfcx CO . 
 MafTachuietts, incorporated in 1754. It 
 contains 756 inhabitants, and is i(> milef 
 N^VofBofton. 
 
 Lincoln, a new co. of Georgia, laid out 
 in 1796, from Wilkes co, on Savannah 
 river, between Broad and Little rivers. 
 
 lAncolntoivn, a pofl town of N. Carolina, 
 and capital of I.incolu co. It contains 
 about 35 or 40 houfes, a court houfe, gaol, 
 and church. It is 46 miles from Mor- 
 gantown, 159 from Saleia, and 718 S by W 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Lindley, a villajre on the W fide of the 
 Canawiique branch of Tioga R. in N, 
 York, a miles N of the Pennfylvania line, 
 8 S W by S of the Painted Pod, 64 S E 
 of Hartford, on the road to Niagara. 
 
 Linn, 3. townfhip in Northampton co. 
 Pennfylvania, iiaving 11 64 inhabitants. 
 
 Linnelinoptes. See Deiaivares. 
 
 Lijhon, a town in N. London co. Con- 
 nedHcut, lately a p^rt of Norwich, about 
 7 miles northerly of Norwich. It con- 
 tains % pari flies, each having a congrega- 
 tional church. It lies on the W fide of 
 Quinebaug R. and E of Franklin, and bus 
 1 1 68 inhabitants. 
 
 Lijlon, a village of York co. Pennfylva- 
 nia, litnated near the S fide of Yellow 
 Breeches creek, which fills into the Suf- 
 quehannah. It contains about 15 houfons, 
 and lies 18 miles from York. 
 
 L^Jbon, in Lincoln co. Maine, (formerly 
 part of Bowdoin, lately Thompfonfbo- 
 roHgh) 25 miles W of WifcaiTett. 
 
 Lijle, a port town in Tioga co. N. York ; 
 a branch of Chenengo R. pafTes through 
 this and unites with the Chenengo in the 
 S E corner of the townfhip. It has the 
 tovvn of Greene E, and Union S, and 
 
LIT 
 
 LIT 
 
 has 660 inhabitants, 404 miles from Wafli- f 
 ington. 
 
 Litcbjieldy a. townfliip in Lincoln co 
 Maine, 45 miles from Hallowcll, and 220 
 N E of Bofton. It has 1044 inhabitants. 
 
 ZJh/j/ieU, a townlliip in Hilliborough 
 CO, N. HampOilre, filuatcd on the £ lidc 
 of Merrimack river, about 34 miles W 
 of Portimouth. It was fettled in 1749, 
 and in 1775 it contained 284, in 1790, 
 357, and in 1800, 37a inhaintants. 
 
 Litchjield, a populous and hilly co. of 
 Conniclicuf, bounded Kbjr MniT.tchufetts, 
 S by N. Ha.ven and Fairfield counties, E 
 by Hartford, and W by N. York It 
 ig divided into ao townfliips, containing 
 41,214 inhabitants. The general face of 
 the country is rough and mountainous;. 
 I'hc foil is fertile, yielding large crops of 
 wheat and Indian corn, and afFording 
 fine pafture. It is feparate entirely from 
 maritime commerce, and tlie inhabitants 
 are aloioO: univerfally farmers. 
 
 LitcJjfield, the chief and poft town of 
 the above co. fituated upon an elevated 
 plain, expoftd to the cold winds of winter, 
 but enjoys alfo a large fliarc of the rcfrefli- 
 ing breezes of fummer. It is a handfome 
 iStuation, containing about 60 or 70 com- 
 pacTcdweUinghoufcs, acourt houl'e, ameet- 
 i'ng houfe, and 4^85 inhabitants. It is 32 
 Uiiles W of Hartford, and 4^ N N W of 
 N. Haven. N lat. 41 46, W Ion. 73'37- 
 In the S W corner of the townfliip ftands 
 ah high hill called Mount Tom. On fev- 
 eral fmall flfeams, fome of which fall in- 
 £'0 Great I*ond, a beautiful flaect of water, 
 arc 3 iron works, an oil mill, and a nura- 
 bfcr of faw and grift mills. 
 
 Litchfield, a townfliip in Herkemer co. 
 N. York, taken from German Flats, and 
 incorporated 'n\ 1796. It has 1976 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Litiz, or Ledltz, a village 6r town in 
 Lancafter co. Pcnnfylvania, fituated in 
 Warwick townfliip, on the S fide of a 
 fraall ftream, which fends its waters 
 through Coneftoga creek into the Suf- 
 quehanna. It contains about 50 houfes 
 chiclly of ftone, a ftone tavern, and an 
 elegant church with a fteeple and bell. 
 The fettlement was begun in 1757. It is 
 inhabited by the United Brethren, whofe 
 mode of life and <:ufl:oms are fimilar to 
 thofc of Bethlehemi. There is alfo a 
 good farm and feveral mill works belong- 
 ing to the place. The number of in- 
 Jbabitants, including thofe that belong to 
 IJtiz congregation, living on their farm* 
 m tbencighbQiirhood, amounted iu 1787, 
 
 to upwards of 300. It is 8 mites N of 
 Lancafter.aud 66 W by Nof Philadelphia* 
 
 Liitte Algonquins, Indians who inhabil 
 near the Three Rivers, and can raiffe 
 about 100 warriors. 
 
 LUtUhuroughy Maine, now Leeds. 
 
 Llille Bntdhty a poft town, Orange ca# 
 N. York, 294 milcij from Wafliington. 
 
 L'ltUe Britain, 2i townfliip in Lancaftcr 
 CO. Pennfylvania, having 1365 inhabit- 
 ants. Alfo a townfliip iu Chefter co. ia 
 the fame ftate. 
 
 Z, ■ /.V Compttn, a townfliip in Newport co. 
 Rhode liland, bounded N by Tiverton j 
 S by the Atlantic ocean, where are Sea- 
 konnet rocks ; W by the E paflage int-o 
 Mount Hope Bay ; and E by Jviaffachu- 
 fctts. It contains 1577 inhabitants. It 
 was called Seconnst or Seakonnet by the 
 Indians, and is faid to be the beft culti- 
 vated townfliip In the ftate, and afFordj- 
 greater quantities of meat, butter, cheefe^ 
 vegetables, &c. than any other town of 
 its fize. The inhabitants are very induf- 
 trious, and manufacture linen and tow 
 cloth, flannels, &c. of an c::icel!cnt quality 
 and in confiderable quantkies for fale* 
 
 Little Er^ H crbo!tr,'i. por: of entry on 
 theE cotift of N. Jerfey, comprel- ending, 
 all the fliores, bays and creeks from Batu- 
 egat Inlet to Brigaiitine Inlet, both in- 
 clufive. The town of Tucherton is the 
 port of entry for this diftritH:. Sec Egg, 
 
 Little Fort, in the N.W. territory, ftandf 
 on the S W bank of lake Michigan, and 
 on the S fide of Old Fort river, which 
 runs a N eaftern cqurfe into the lake. Sec 
 Chicjgo. 
 
 Little Harbour. Sec Pifcataqua. It ii9 
 near the mouth of Pifcataqua river, 
 about a mile from Pojtfmauth, in N. 
 Hampfhire. A fettlement was attempted 
 here in 1623. 
 
 Little Mc-catina. See AUcaiima, 
 
 Little Pelican. See Pelican. 
 
 Little Piver, in Georgia, is a bciiitiful 
 and rapid river, and at its confluence with 
 Savannah river, is about 50 yards widcv 
 On a branch of Little river, is the town 
 of Wrightlborough. Alfo a river which 
 feparates, in part, N. and S. Carolina. 
 
 Little Pivcr, a plantation in Kcnnebeck 
 CO. Maine. 
 
 Little Rocks, on the N W bank of Illi- 
 nois river, arc fituated 60 nfilcs from the 
 Forks, 270 from the MilTifippi, and 43 S 
 Wof Fox river. The S W end of thefe 
 rocks lies nearly oppofite to the moutki 
 of Vermillion river, and fciie 2 fmall pond$ 
 where tb« French and Ui4isins bavtf made 
 
 good 
 
I.OG 
 
 LOH 
 
 gaod faU, lie oppofite the N E end. A coal 
 jrtine half a mile long, extends along the 
 bank of the river above thefe rocks. 
 
 Little Sodus, a, harbour of L.Ontario, 
 15 miles S of Ofwego. 
 
 Littleton, a poft town in Middlefex co. 
 Maffachufetts, a8 miles N W of Bofton, 
 containing 904 inhabitants. 
 
 LHtleto7i, a poft town in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, (a part of Apthorpe) was 
 fncorporated in 1784, and contains 381 
 inhabitants, ft lies on Connecflicut riv- 
 tr, below the 15 mile Falls, and nearly 
 oppofite Concord in Vermont. 
 
 Littleton, now PVaterfordj a townfliip in 
 Caledonia CO. Vermont, on the W fide of 
 Connct5licut river, oppofite the 15 mile 
 Falls, and contains 565 inhabitants. 
 
 Livcrmore, a town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, fitUatcd on both fides of Andro- 
 fcoggin river, 19 miles N W of Hallowell, 
 has 863 inhabitants; Thirty mile ftream, 
 ■which is the outlet Of the Amerefkoggtn 
 great ponds, falls into the Great Ameref- 
 koggcn river on its E fide in this town. 
 
 Ll'verpool, a town on the S fide of 
 the Bay of Fundy, in Queen's co. Nova 
 Scotia, fettled from New England. Rof- 
 figriol, a confidemble lake lies between 
 this town and Annapolis. It is 3Z miles 
 N E of Shelburrtc, and 58 N W of Hali- 
 fax. It was formerly called Port Rojfignoh, 
 lA'vingflon, a large townfliip in Colum- 
 bia CO. *N. York, extending from the E 
 bank of Hudfon river, to Ihe MafTachu- 
 fetts line, S of Hudfon adjoining. It 
 contains 7405 inhabitants ; of whom 
 213 are Haves. 
 
 Li'vinzjliins Creek, a confiderablc branch 
 6f N W, an arm of Cape Fear river. 
 This creek heads in vaft fwamps in the 
 vicinity of the beautiful lake Waukama. 
 Uvingjlon, a CO. of Kentucky, bounded 
 N by the Ohio, W by the Miffifippi, S by 
 Teneflee. It is 70 miles long, Go broa4f 
 Its principal rivers are the Cumberland \ 
 andTcneffec. It contains ^787 inhabit- 
 ants, 444 of thcfe arc fiavcs. 
 
 L.obos, iflands on the coaft: of Brazil. 
 The fouthernmoft ifland is in lat. 6 27 S. 
 One of thefe iflands obtains the name of 
 Lolos dt la mer ; the Other, which IJ^es to 
 the N of it, and very like it in fliape and 
 appearance is called Lobes de tierra. 
 
 Loch, a military town in Milton town- 
 fliip, N.York, in Onondago co. 13 miles 
 N E of the S end of Cayuga lake. See 
 Milton. 
 
 L'-ichartJhtirg, a towii in Luzerne county, 
 Pennsylvania, fituated «n an ifthmu* 
 
 formed by the confluence of the Sufque- 
 hanna aud Tioga rivers, about a mile 
 above their jundlion. There were in 
 1 796 but few houfes built, but it promifes 
 to be a place of impbrtance, as both the 
 rivers are navigable for many miles into 
 the ftate of N. York. It is 4 miles S of 
 the N. York line, 48 W of Harmony, 
 and 90 above Wilkfljarre. 
 
 Loftus' Heights, in Adams co. Mifllfippi 
 territory, the barrier poft in the S W cor- 
 ner of the U{ States on the E fide of the 
 Mifllfippi, about 40 miles below Natchez 
 and 129^ from Wafliington. Thegroiindt 
 within the fweep of the fortifications are 
 a fet of piiftlirefque and beautifully varied 
 heights, capable of a great diverfity of 
 fortification, but, high above the reft, 
 ftands Mount Wafliington, on which the 
 citadel will be eredied. This eminence 
 commands a view whofe circle is at leaft 
 30 leagues, bifected by the Miffifippi riv- 
 er ; it overlooks, and all but overhangs, a 
 water battery. Its diftance from high 
 water mark is 863 feet, and its elevation 
 above it 295 feet. The river diredlly op- 
 pofite the fallient angle of the water bat- 
 tery is 687 yards wide, and line enough 
 ha^ not yet been let down to difcover its 
 depth. The plan of thcfe works^ when 
 complete, will prefcnt the handfomeft 
 miUtary profpe<5l in the United States. 
 Here is a poft office. 
 
 Logan, a county in the State of Ken- 
 tucky, contahiing 4870 inhabitants, 730 
 are flaves. 
 
 L.oglio%vn, on the W fide of the Ohio, S 
 of Butlei'sTown, and 18 miles from Pittf- 
 biirgh. 
 
 L^ogivood Country, lies N \V' of the Mof- 
 quito shore, at the head of the bay of 
 Honduras, and extends from Vera Paz to 
 Yucatan from 15 1-2 to 1 8 1-2 N lat. 
 The whole coaft is overfpread vrith iflots, 
 keys and fhoals, and the navigation is in- 
 tricate. 
 
 London, the toivnjhip of, U. Canada, is fit- 
 uatcd on the main fork of the river 
 Thames, in a central fituation from the 
 lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario, and con- 
 fidered by Gen. Simcoe, as the proper 
 place for the feat of government. Its fit- 
 uation offers many ftriking advantages for 
 the capital of the province, and around it 
 is a large tradl of excellent land. It com- 
 municates with lake St. Clair and the De- 
 troit, by the river Thames ; with lake 
 Huron by the northern, of main branch 
 of the Thames and a finall portage ; and 
 witk the Oufe, and l«ikt Ontario b)r the 
 
 militaiy 
 
ION 
 
 LON 
 
 kiilitary way called Dundas ftreet. It is 
 alfo wellfituated for health, being plenti- 
 fully fupplied (by fmall dreams and 
 fprings,) with the pureft water. It a- 
 bounds with black and white walnut, 
 cherry, bafs, elm, hickory, beech, afh, and 
 many other kinds of timber. Smyth. 
 
 London^ a town in Ann Arundel co. 
 Maryland, 5 miles S W of Annapolis. 
 
 London Coi>e, a narrow water of Long 
 Ifland Sound, which fets up N into the 
 townflaip of New London, 4 miles W of 
 the mouth of I'hames river. Millftone 
 Point feparatcs it from another much 
 broader on the W, acrofs which is a hand- 
 fome bridge, with a draw, at Rope 
 Ferry. 
 
 Londonderry, A jpofl: toWn in Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampfhire, near the head of Bea- 
 ver river, which empties into Merrimack 
 river, at Pawtucket Falls. It is 36 miles 
 S W by W of Portfmouth. Londonderry 
 was fettled in 1718, and incorporated 
 1722, and contains 2650 inhabitants. The 
 people are nioftly the defcendants of emi- 
 grants from Uilter co. in Ireland, original- 
 ly from Scotland, and attend largely to 
 the manufacture of linen cloth and thread, 
 and make coniiderable quantities for fale. 
 The town is much indebted to them for 
 its wealth and confequence. 
 
 Londonderry, a townlliip in Halifax co. 
 Nova Scotia, on the N fide of Cobequid 
 or Colchefter river, about 30 miles from 
 its mouth, at the bafin of Minas. It was 
 fettled by the North IriHi and Scotch. 
 
 Londonderry, a townfliip, in the N W part 
 of Windham co. Vermont, on the head wa- 
 ters of Weft river, about 33 miles N E of 
 Bennington It was granted March i6, 
 1780. Moofe Mountain extends into 
 the E part of this town. In 1795 the 
 townlliip of Londonderry was divided 
 into two, and the E half called M^bidham, 
 the W half retains its original name. 
 
 Londonderry, two townlliips in Pennfy!- 
 Vania, one in Dauphin co. with 1577 in- 
 habitants ; the other in Somerfet co. 
 having 709 inhabitants. 
 
 Lotidongrove, a townflup in Chefler co. 
 Pennfylvania, 921 inhabitants. 
 
 Lon'^ Bay, extends along the ibore of N. 
 and S. Carolina, from Cape Fear to the 
 mouth of Pedee river. 
 
 Long Bay, on the S fide of the idand of 
 Jamaica, extends from Gutt to Swift river, 
 and affords anchorage for fmall velTels. 
 
 Long Bay, in the iiland of Barbadoes, in 
 the W Indies, lies on the W fide ot the 
 ifland, having St. Jofeph's river S E, and 
 
 Pico TenerifFe N W. Another bay ol^ 
 the fame name lies on the S end of the 
 ifland. 
 
 Long Beach, on lake Ontario, U. Cana- 
 da, the wefternmoft point of which is the 
 boundary between the counties of Dur- 
 ham and York, and between the town- 
 lliips of Darhngton and Whitby. 
 
 Long JJland, in Penobfcot bay. See 
 Ljlejhorough. 
 
 Long, or Eighteen mile Beach, on the 
 coaft of N. Jerfey, lies between Little 
 Egg harbour inlet and that of Barnegal. 
 
 Long IJland, formerly called Manhattan^ 
 afterwards NnJJ'au JJland, belongs to the 
 State of N. York. It extends from Hud- 
 fou river oppofite to Staten Ifland, almofl 
 to the wellcrn bounds of the coaft of 
 Rhode I. terminating with Montauk Point. 
 Its length is about 140 miles, and its me- 
 dium breadth from 10 to 14 miles ; and 
 feparated from Connecticut by Long Ifl- 
 and Sound. It contains 1,400 fquare 
 miles ; and is divided into 3 counties. 
 King's, Queen's and Suffolk, and tlicle 
 again into 19 townfliips. The N fide 
 of the ifland is rough and hilly. A fin- 
 gle range of thefe hills extends, from 
 Jamaica to Southhold. The foil is here 
 well calculated for raifing grain, hay, and 
 fruit. The S fide of the iiland lies low, 
 v/ith a light fandy foil. On the fea 
 coaft are extenfive tracSls of fait meadow^ 
 which extend from Southampton to the 
 Wend of the ifland. The foil, notwith-. 
 ftanding, is well adapted to the culture 
 of grain, particularly Indian corn. Near 
 the middle of the ifland is Hampftead 
 Plain, in Queen's co. It is 16 miles long, 
 and about 8 broad. This plain was 
 never known to have any natural growth, 
 except a particular kind of wild grafs, and 
 a few flirubs, although the foil is black, 
 and to appearance rich. It produces 
 fome rye, and large herds of cattle are 
 fed upon it, as well as on the fait marflies- 
 On the E part of the ifland, E of Hamp- 
 ftead Plain, is a large barren heath, called 
 iJufiiy Plain. It is overgrown witii 
 flirub oak, intermixed wiih a few pine 
 trees, where a number of wild deer, and 
 grouie harbour. In a Bay on the S fide 
 of the ifland vaft quantities of oyftcrs are 
 taken, 40 or 50 vefTcb are often here at 
 a time loading with them. Bafs are 
 caught here in great plenty. The larg- 
 eft river, or ftream in the ifland i» 
 Peakonok, an inconfiderable ftream. It 
 runs E and empties into a large bay, that 
 fcparates Stijthhold from Southampton. 
 
 la 
 
LON 
 
 LOR 
 
 In this bay are Robbln and Shelter lll- 
 ands. Rockconkama pond lies about 
 the centre of the illand, between Smith 
 Town and Iflip, and i^ about a mile in cir- 
 cumference, and has been found, by ob- 
 lervation, to rife gradually for feveral 
 years, until it had arrived to a certain 
 height, and then to fall more rapidly to 
 its lowed bed ; and thus is continually eb- 
 bing and flowing : the caufe has never 
 been inveftlgated. Two miles to the 
 fouthward of the pond, is a ftream called 
 Conneclicut river, which empties into the 
 bay. The produce of the middle and 
 weftern parts of the ifland is carried to N. 
 York. The ifland contains 42,09-7 in- 
 habitants, of whom 3,893 are flaves. 
 
 Lon^ IJland Sound, is a kind of inland fea, 
 from 3 to 2 J miles broad, and about 14a 
 miles long, extending the wiiole length of 
 the ifland, and dividing It from Connedti- 
 cut. It communicatc'3 with the ocean 
 at both ends of Long Kland ; and affords 
 a very fafe and convenient inland naviga- 
 tion. 
 
 Lo7tg IJland. in Sufquehannah river*. 
 
 Long IJlind^ in Holfton river, Teneflee, 
 is 5 miles long, and contains 2500 acres 
 of rich land, fubjecSt to inundations. Here 
 is an old field formerly cultivated by the 
 Indians. Numbers of boats are built 
 here every year, and loaded with the 
 produce of the State for New Orleans. It 
 is 10 miles W of the mouth of Wataugo 
 river, 43 from Abingdon, 100 above 
 Knoxville, 283 from Nafliville, and 1000 
 from the mouth of the Tenefiee. It is 
 340 miles S W by W of Richmond, in 
 Virginia, and to which there is a good 
 waggon road. 
 
 Long If.e, or TJl: Rii-er Indians, inhabit 
 on Ifle, or White river, v^diich runs W 
 into the river Wabafli. I'he mouth of 
 "\V!iite river is in N lat. 3838, W Ion. 90 7. 
 
 Long hihes,thc, in U. Canada, are a chain 
 of fmall lakes, extending wefterly from 
 the grand Portage of lake Superior 
 toward Rain lake. 
 
 Long Lake, in the Geneffee country, 
 N. York. See Huneyyoc Lal-e. 
 
 Long Alf.ido'zvya. town in Hampfiiire co; 
 Maflachufetts, lituated en the E bank of 
 ConnetSticut river, about 4 miles S of 
 Springfield, and 23 N of Hartford. It 
 was incorporated in 1783 ; contains a 
 Congregational church, and about 70 
 dwelling houl'es, which lie upon one wide 
 ftreet, running parallel with the rlvei*. 
 'I'he tovvuliiip contains 973 inhabitants. 
 
 Lin^' Fai/tt, oa lake Erie, U. Caaala, 
 
 now called the N Foreland, is that long 
 beach or fandbank, ftretching forth into 
 lake Erie from the tovvnfhip of Walfmg- 
 ham, and forming the deep bay of Long 
 Point. It is upwards of 20 miles long. 
 From the head of the bay there is a car- 
 rying place acrofs over a flat fand, about 
 8 chains diftance, into lake Erie, which is 
 fometimes fufficiently overflown to be 
 ufed as a pafTage for fmall boats, rennillion 
 Point, between Paun Bay and Lake Mich- 
 igan, is al^fo calledL. Point in fome maps. 
 
 Long Fond, in Maine, lies moflly in 
 Bridgton, and is 10 miles long from N W 
 to S E, and about a mile broad. On each 
 fide of this pond are large fwells of excel- 
 lent land, with a gradual defcent to the 
 margin of the pond, andfurnifli a variety 
 of romantic profpeds. See Bridgton and 
 Stibagxi. 
 
 Long Saut IJle an, in the river St. Law- 
 rence, U. Canada, and in front of the 
 townlliip of Ofnabruck, contains from 
 1000 to 1500 acres ; the foil is good. 
 
 Longitylle, or as the Indians call it, 
 Kenapacomaqua, an Indian village on the 
 N bank of Eel river, in the N. W. Terri- 
 tory. It v/as deftroyed by Gen. Scott 
 in i79r, with aoa acres of corn in its 
 neighbourhood; 
 
 Longueil TozimJhip,G\cng3LTy CO. U. Can- 
 ada, is the fecoud in afcending the Otta- 
 wa river. 
 
 Lookout Cape, on the coafl: of N. Caroli- 
 na, is the fouthern point of a long infu- 
 lated and narrow flip of land, eaflvvard 
 of Core Sound. Its N point forms the 
 S fide of Ocrecock inlet, which leads in- 
 to Pamlico Sound. It lies N E of Cape 
 Fear, and S of Cape Hatteras, in about 
 latitude 34 50. It had an excellent har- 
 bour, which has been filled up with land 
 lince the year 1777. 
 
 Lookout Cape, on the fouthern coaft of 
 Hudfon's Bay, in New South Wales, E S 
 E of the mouth of Severn river. N lat. 
 56, W Ion. 84. 
 
 Loonenburg, in Green CO. N. York, 
 v/here is a poft office, near the city olr" 
 Hudlon. 
 
 Loofa Chitto. See Lonifa Chitto. 
 
 Lorembeck. See Louijburg. It is a cape 
 near the N fide of Louifburg harbour, 
 and may be feen 12 leagues off at lea. 
 
 Lorenzo, Cape St. on the coaft of Peru, 
 S. America, lies in the province of Quito, 
 W of the city of that name. S lat<^0 ao, 
 W Ion. 80 20. 
 
 Zorf/Zo, a fmall village of Chriftlan In- 
 dians, 3 leagues N E of Quebec, inL. Can- 
 ada. 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 'kd.a.. It has its name from a chapel built 
 according to the model of the Santa Cafa 
 at Loretto, in Italy ; from whence an 
 image of the Holy Virgin has been fent 
 to the converts here, refembling that in 
 the famous Italian fancStuary. Thefe con- 
 verts are of the Huron tribe. 
 
 Lorcfio, Lady of, a place in the diftrict 
 of St.Dennis,on the illhmus of California ; 
 ■ the Indians call it Cancho. H^re is a fmall 
 fort eredi:ed by the miffionaries, conlift- 
 ing of four baflions, and furrounded by a 
 deep ditch. In this jurifdidlion are 15 
 parillies, including 4C00 profeffing In- 
 dians, under the Inftrudtion of Dominican 
 friars. 
 
 Loromtes Store, in the State of Ohio, a 
 place weflerly from Fort Lawrence, and 
 at or near a fork of a branch of the Great 
 Miami river, which falls into the Ohio. 
 At this fpot, bounded W by the Indian 
 line, the Indians ceded a tracSl of land to 
 the United States, 6 miles fquare, by the 
 treaty figned Augufl: 3, 1795. Here the 
 portage commences between the Miami 
 of the Ohio, and St. Mary's river, which 
 runs into Lake Erie. 
 
 Los Reyes, See Lima. 
 
 Los Rcyesy the chief town of the prov- 
 ince of Uragua, in the E divilion of Par- 
 aguayyin S.America. 
 
 Los Charcos, 2l province in the fouth- 
 ern divificn of Peru, vvhofe chief cities 
 are Potofi and Porco. 
 
 Loudon, Fort. See Tcllico Block Hotife. 
 
 Loudon, a county of Virginia, on the 
 river Potowmac, adjoining Fairfax, Berk- 
 ley, and Faquier counties. It is about 50 
 miles long, and 20 broad, and contains 
 '''^S'.SZl free inhabitants, and 4990 Haves. 
 Chief town, Leefburg. The chief moun- 
 tains are the Blue ridge and the Kottoc- 
 ton. The principal Creeks are Goofe 
 Creek, Big and Little KottoAon, Bea- 
 verdam, and Tufcarora. Quarries of 
 grey ftonc, white flint and lime are found 
 here. The climate is favourable to ap- 
 ples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and 
 grapes. This county was firfl: fettled 
 from Pennfylvania and N. Jerfey. 
 
 Loudon, a townfliip in Rockingham co. 
 N. Hampfliire, taken from Canterbury 
 and incorporated in 1773. It is on the 
 E fide of Merrimack river, and contains 
 1279 inhabitants. 
 
 Loudon, a townfliip in Bcrkfliire co. 
 Mafl"achufetts,2i miks S E of Lenox, 24 
 W of Springfield, and 124 W of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1773, and con- 
 tains 614 inhabitants, and ijjCCO acre?, 
 of which 2944 are ponds. 
 
 Lotigfjaher, or Lochaher, a fmall fcttlc- 
 ment in Georgia, on a branch of Savan- 
 nah river, above its confluence with the 
 Tugulo, the W main branch. 
 
 Loughlorough Toivnjhtp, in Frontcnac 
 county, U. Canada, lies in the rear, and 
 N of Kingfton. 
 
 Louis, Fort, a fcctlcment formed by the 
 French near the mouth ofthe river Coza, 
 in Florida, about 20 leagues N E of the 
 neareft mouth of the Miirifippi, and un- 
 til the peace of 1763, was the ufual re- 
 fidence ofthe principal governor of Lou- 
 ilia n a. 
 
 I^ouis, St. the capital town of Guade- 
 loupe, Grand Ttrre. It has a fortrefs 3 
 leagues to the S E of the Salt river. See 
 Guadaloupc. 
 
 Louis da Maranham, St. a town cn the 
 northern coafl of Brazil, and on the At- 
 lantic ocean, lituated on the eafl: fide of 
 Mearim river ; about half way between 
 point Mocoripe, and the mouth of the 
 river Para. 
 
 Louis, St. a jurifdic^ion and town on 
 the S fide of the ifland of Sc. Domingo. 
 Thejurifdi(5lion contains 3 parities. Iti 
 exports fliipptd from the town of St. 
 Louis from January i, 1789, to Decem- 
 ber 31, of the fame year, M'ere I20,66clb, 
 cofFee ; 19,2531b. cotton ; 57511b. indi- 
 go. Total value of duties on exporta- 
 tion, 904 dollars 13 cents. St. Louis is 
 rather a borough than a town. It is fit- 
 uated on the head of the bay of its name, 
 oppofite a number of fmall ifles which 
 fliclter the bay on the S towards the 
 ocean, and on the S fide of the S pen- 
 infula, 8 leagues N E of l.cs Caycs, a lit- 
 tle more than 3 S W of Aquin, and 36 
 leagues S W by W of Port au Prince : 
 from which lafl are two roads leading to 
 it ; the one by Jacmel, the other by Leo- 
 gane, and of much the fame lengili ; both 
 join at Aquin. N lat. 18 18, W Ion. from 
 Paris, 75 52. 
 
 Louis, St. a fmall compa<51:, beautiful 
 bay in W. Florida, having about 7 fett 
 water. It is 18 miles from the Regolct-;, 
 and 26 from the bay of Biloxi. The 
 land near it is of a light foil, and good 
 for pafture. There were feveral ft ttlera 
 formerly on \\, but in the year 1767, the 
 Cha(5law Indians killed their cattle and 
 obliged them to remove. 
 
 Louis, St. a town on the W fide of the 
 river Mifljfippi,25 milesbelowthe mouth 
 of the Miflouri. Its fcite is on a high 
 piece of ground, the mofl liealil.y and 
 pleafant of any in this part of the ccjn- 
 
 try. 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 try. Here the Spanifli commandant and j 
 the principal Indian traders refidedjWho, 
 by conciliating the affedlions of the na- 
 tives, drew all the Indian trade of the \ 
 MifTouri ; part of that of the Miffifippi 
 (northwards) and of the tribes of Indians 
 refiding near the Ouifconfing, and Illinois 
 rivers, to this village. Here are about 
 T30 large and commodious houfes, moflJy 
 built of ftone, and 925 inh;'.bitants, of 
 tvhom z68 are flaves. This was the num- 
 ber in 1799. This year the produdlions 
 of this fettlement, were 4300 bufliels of 
 wheat, 10,300 bufliels of corn, i65olbs, of 
 tobacco. The inhabitanls pofTeired 11 40 
 horned cattle and Z15 horfes. From this 
 place and Carondelet, 6 miles below, were 
 exporred the year abovementioned, to N. 
 Orleans, 1 754 packs of Hiavcd ikins, loclbs. 
 each, valued at 70,160 dolls. 
 
 Loitifii^ a county of Virginia, adjoining 
 Orange, Albemarle, Fluvanna, Spottfylva- 
 nfa, and GoocliLiud counties. It is about 
 T^$ miles long, and 20 broad, and contains 
 5900 free inhabitants, and 5992 flaves. 
 There are here fome medicinal iprings, 
 ou the head waters of South Anna, a 
 branch of York river ; but they are little 
 frequented. The principal mountains are 
 the S W mountains. "Many parts are cov- 
 ered w:th pine. At the co\irt houfe is a 
 pofl: office, io3 miles from Waibington. 
 
 Loutfa, a river of Virginia, the head wa- 
 ter of Cole river, a S W branch of the 
 Great Kanhaway. 
 
 Lou'ifa Ch'itto, or Loofa Chitta, a river 
 •which rifes on the borders of S. Carolina, 
 and runs a S wefkerly courfe through the 
 Georgia v>reflern lands, and joins the Miffi- 
 nppijufc below the Walnut Hills, and 10 
 miles from Stony nver. It is z<^ yards 
 •wide at its mouth, but affer you enter it, 
 is from 30 to 40 yards, and is faid to he 
 navigable for canoes 30 or 40 leagues. It 
 is 39 • miles below the Yazoo clifls. 
 
 Lourjhourg, the capital of Sydney, or 
 Cape Breton ifland, in N. America. Its 
 harbour is one of the iinefl in that coun- 
 try, being aimoft 4 leagues in circuit, and 
 6 or 7 fathoms water in every part of it. 
 The anchorage or mooring, is good, and 
 fliips may run aground without any dan- 
 ger. Its entrance is not above 300 toifes 
 in breadth, formed by two fmall i Hands, 
 and is known 12 leagues oiT at fea, by 
 Cape I^orembec, fituated near the N E 
 fide of it. Here" is plenty of cod, and the 
 fifherv may be continued from April to 
 the clofe of November. The harbour is 
 
 W to S E, in the narroweft part ; and 6 
 miles in length, from N E to S W. In the 
 N E part of the harbour is a fine careen- 
 ing wharf to heave down, and very fe- 
 cure from all winds On the oppofite 
 fide 3re the fiiliing (lages, and room for 
 2'^oo boats to cure their fifli. In winter 
 I the harbour is entirely frozen up, fo as to 
 : be walked over, which feafon begins here 
 I at the clofe of November, and lafts till 
 { May or June ; fometlmes the frofts fet in 
 1 fooner, and are m<'re intenfe ; as partic- 
 I ularly in 174J, Wjien by the middle of 
 j OAober a great part of the harbour was 
 ; already frozen. Thetown of Louifbourg 
 I ftands on a point of land, on the S E fide 
 ! of the Illand ; its ftreets are regular and 
 j broad, confi fling for the mod: part of ftone 
 I houfes, with a large parade at a little dif- 
 tance fr-om the citadel ; the infide of 
 ! which is a fine fquare, near 200 feet every 
 i way. On its N fide, while poflefled by 
 ; the French, flood the governor's houfe 
 and the church ; the other fides were 
 ' taken up with barracks, bombproof; in 
 which the French fecured their women 
 : and children during the fiege. The town 
 is near half a mile in length, and 2 in 
 circuit. The principal trade of Louif- 
 bourg is the cod fiflaery, from which vaft 
 profits accrue to the inhabitants ; the 
 plenty of fifh being remarkable, and at 
 j the fame time better than any about New- 
 foundla.id. See Breiony Cafe. N lat. 45 
 54, W Ion. 5955. 
 
 Loii'i/hourgb, in Pennfylvania. See Har* 
 rijburgh. 
 
 Lonijhiirg^ a pofl town, Franklin co. N. 
 Carolina, 265 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Louifiana. On the 30th of April 1803, 
 the property and fovereignty of this ex-- 
 tenfive and valuable country, which 
 Spain had lately reflored to France, was,, 
 by inftruments of the above date, on cer- 
 tain ftipulated conditions, transferred to 
 the United States. The Treaty of cef- 
 fion having been duly ratified by the A- 
 merican government, Louifiana, of courfe, 
 has become a part of the United States. 
 Since this important acquifition of terri- 
 torv, great pains have been taken by the 
 Writer to collecTt from every exifting 
 fource of information, the bell defcription 
 of it. The refult follows, with the au- 
 thorities annexed, 
 
 Hijlorical Remarh. This country wns 
 firfl: difcov^ered by Ferdinand de Soto, in 
 1541 ; if was afterwards vifited by CoL 
 Wood, in 1654 ; by Capt. Bolt, in 1670 ; 
 
 fnore than half a mile in breadth, from N K and in 1682, by Mon. de la Salle from 
 
 Canada, 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 Canada, who was the firft who traverfed 
 the river Miffiuppi [Hi^h/juis.] I.a Sal- 
 le was of Norman extract, an inhabitant 
 of New France, a pupil and difciple of the 
 Jefuits, and a bold enterprifxng charac- 
 ter. In 1683, he repaired to France, 
 where he made fuch reprefentations to 
 the court, of his difcoveries, as induced 
 them to furnifli him with four fmall vef- 
 fels, in which he embarked, with a little 
 eolony of about 170 men, for the mouths 
 of the Millirippi. By mi (take, they pafT- 
 ed the place of deftination, and landed 
 Feb. 1685, in the Bay of St. Bernard's, 
 about 300 miles W of the mouths of the 
 Miflifippi. This little colony, " moft of 
 whom were very corrupt," were badly 
 provided v/ith provlfions and ammuni- 
 tion, moft of them being fwalloAved up 
 in the waves, through the perfidy of the 
 fea officers intrufted with the landing of 
 them ; and after encountering many 
 hardfliips, La Salic was murdered bv fomc 
 of his oy/n men, and the whole colony 
 miferably perifhed in various ways, ex- 
 cept feven, who penetrated through the 
 country to Canada. [Hayfta/.] Thus 
 ended the firfl: European attempt to fet- 
 tle Louifiana. In 1699, Mon. Ibberville, 
 of Canada, a brave naval officer, having 
 obtained the patronage of the French 
 court, failed fiom Rochfort for the Miili- 
 fippi, with two fln'ps, and a number of 
 men, and laid the foundation of the firft 
 French colony on the Miflifippi. Tiie 
 country now for the firft time, was called 
 Louifiana.* Two years after a new re- 
 cruit offettlers arrived ; but the unfavour- 
 able fituation in which they were planted, 
 the death of Ibberville, in 1706,1- and 
 the war in which France was at this time 
 engaged, contributed to reduce the colo- 
 ny to great wretchednefs ; and in lyiz 
 had diminiflied their number to twenty 
 eight famihes. At thi^ period Crozat, a 
 merchant of immenfe fortune, petitioned 
 for, and obtained the exclufive trade of 
 Louifiana. His plans were patriotic and 
 extenfive, but he failed in carrying them 
 into effea: ; and in 1717, he refigned his 
 charter to a company formed by that fa- 
 mous projedlor, John Law. The moft 
 extravagant accounts of this country were 
 now induftrioufly circulated through va- 
 rious parts of Europe ; and " the MiiTifip- 
 pi became the center of all men's wifhes, 
 hopes and fpeculations." In the years' 
 1718 and 1 719, while this frenzy' pre- 
 
 * Ruynal. 
 
 t Pn Pr.uzz:iys 1701 . 
 
 railed, a numerous colony of labourer* 
 collected from France, Germany and 
 Switzerland, and allured by the mcft flat- 
 tering promifes and expectations, weie 
 conveyed to Louifiana, and fettled in a 
 difiridl called Biloxi, on the ifland of Or- 
 leans, oppofite to and about 12 miles from 
 Ship Ifland, a" fituation the moft barren, 
 unhealthy and inconvenient of any on. 
 the coaft," where thefe unfortunate ad- 
 venturers died by hundreds, through 
 want and vexation. The miferable fate 
 of this colony ruined the reputation of 
 Louifiana ; and this enchanting country 
 was now execrated, and its very name for 
 a while, became a reproach. The Mifli- 
 fippi was tlie terror of freemen. No ic- 
 cruits were to be found to fend thither, 
 but fuch as were taken from priibns and 
 houfes of ill fame, and of courfc it be- 
 came the receptacle of the loweft and 
 moft profligate perfons in the kingdom.. 
 In this ftatc the colony languiflicd, till 
 1731, when the company, at the expenfe 
 of 1,450,000 livres, purchafed the favour 
 of relinquifliing their concerns into the 
 hands of the government. [Jiayra/.] I'he 
 boundaries of Louifiana, as granted to 
 Crozat, were N, by the Illinois river and 
 Lake, [Hutchhts] or by Canada and un- 
 kncwn lands. [I^cyra/] E !->y Carolina and 
 Florida, S by the Gulf of Mexico ; W by 
 New Mexico. Its length was not afcer- 
 tained ; its mean breadth was eftimated 
 at about 600 miles. [IliyyTral.] By tl.e 
 Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, the northern 
 boundary of Louifiana was extended to 
 an imaginary line drawn from a promon- 
 tory in New Britain, in N lat. 58 30, S W 
 through lake Mifgofi.uk, or Miftafim, till 
 it ftrike the 49th degree of N lat. All th« 
 country S of this line, i^s far as the river 
 St. Lawrence, was annexed to Louifiana ; 
 all N of it was confirmed to Great Brit- 
 ain. [Hutc/jins.] And yet Danville, in. 
 his map of Louifiana, pubHflied in 1752, 
 limits it to lat. 32 icN. By what authority 
 is not known. [Fhierior:'] The French 
 for ought that appears remained in quiet 
 pofieffion of this extenfive country, ex- 
 cept frequent contefts with the Indians, 
 tin 1762. The Spaniards of New Mexi- 
 co indeed, in 1720, jealous of their a(5H(ve 
 neighbours, formed a fclveme of eflablifli- 
 ing a large colony on the MifTouri, far 
 beyond the limits which they had been 
 wont to prefcribe for tbemfelves, for the 
 purpofe of reducing the limits, and over- 
 awing the French colonifts. Accordingly, 
 numerous caravans, who were to confti- 
 
 lute 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 ttJte tills colony, proceeded from St. Fe, 
 and directed their march towards the 
 country of the Oil ages Indians, with de- 
 Cgn to engage this nation, the mortal en- 
 emies of the Miflburies, to join them in 
 conquering the country of the latter, 
 which they refolved to occupy. The 
 Spaniards mifi'ed their way, and went di- 
 rectly to the nation whofe ruin they 
 meditated ; and ignorant of their miftake, 
 communicated their dcfign without referve. 
 The Miffouri chief, who, by this fingnlar 
 miftake, became acquainted with the dan- 
 ger which threatened him and his peo- 
 ple, concealed his feelings, and informed 
 the Spaniards that he would readily aflift 
 in accompUlliing their plan, andrtqueft- 
 ed 48 hours to affemble his warriors hi 
 the mean time, the unfufpecSling Span- 
 iards were amufed with fports, till aoco 
 warriors had colledled with their arms, 
 when they fell upon the Spaniards while 
 afleep, and flew every foul, except the 
 chaplain, who owed his prefervation to 
 the fingularity of his drefs. [Utiynal.] 
 The Natchez tribe of Indians proved for 
 a time a formidable enemy to the colony ; 
 but in the year 1 731, the whole tribe was 
 nearly extirpated. In 1736, and again in 
 1740, the colonifls were engaged in 
 bloody wars with t]ie Chickafaw Indians, 
 in the former of which, the French were 
 defeated; the latter, terminated in peace, 
 which has not fmce been interrupted. 
 The colonifls had flruggled through many 
 difficulties, and overcome many obftacles 
 in the way of their profperity, and their 
 profpetSls were now brightening. The 
 peltry trade with the Indians, and their 
 commerce with the W. Indies were in- 
 creafing. Two hundred Acadian fami- 
 lies had already planted thcmfelves on 
 the banks of the Miflifippi, and more 
 vrere preparing to follow them. As ma- 
 ny as 12 or 1500 Canadians were on their 
 wav to fettle in Louifiana, and confidtr- 
 able accclTions of inhabitants from other 
 places, were cxpecSled. Such was the 
 ftateof this colony, when, in April 1764, 
 the French court announced to the in- 
 habitants, that in Nov. 1762, liOuifiana, 
 embracing New Orleans, and the v/hole 
 territory W of the Millifippi, had been 
 ceded to Spain by a fecret treaty. This 
 nieafure was feverely and juflly cenfurcd, 
 not only as impolitic, but as an offence 
 againft morality. The colonifls, without 
 their knowledge or confent, were given 
 away to a foreign power. They did not 
 fubmit to this unjufl: meafare without 
 
 manly oppofiiion, fo that complete pof- 
 Icilion of the country v/as not obtained 
 by Spain, till the 17th of Augufl, 1769. 
 The day following, fuch of the citizens a» 
 chofe, took the oaths of allegiance to the 
 king of Spain. " Every thing was now 
 completed hut revenge. VicVjms were 
 required. Twelve were fekdlcd from 
 among the mod diftinguillied in the army, 
 the magiftracy and trade. Six of thefe 
 generous men atoned v/ith their blood, 
 for the conlideration they enjoyed. The 
 others, perhaps more unfortunate, were 
 j fent to languifli out their lives in the dun- 
 j geons of the Havannah ; and this horri- 
 ble tragedy was ordered by the Spaiiifli 
 miniflry, wliile the French miailtry 
 fliCAVcd no indignation !" [Eaynal.] By 
 the treaty of peace in 1763, Canada, 
 with the whole territory belonging to 
 France, eaflward of the middle of the 
 Miflifippitothe Ibberville, thencethrough 
 the middle of that river to the Lakes 
 Maurepas and Ponchartrain to the Gulf 
 of Mexico, v/as ceded to Great Britain, 
 [See Treaty.] By this treaty the boun- 
 daries of the Britifli provinces were ex- 
 tended fouthward to the Gulf of Mexico, 
 and wcftward to the Miffifippi, the navi- 
 gation of which to its mouth was to be 
 free to both nations, and Louifiana was 
 limited N by Canada, and R by the Mit- 
 fifippi, excepting that it included the iil- 
 and of N. Orleans, on its E bank. This 
 ftate of things remained till the Amer- 
 ican revolutionary war, during which ^ 
 Spain, in 1779, 17 80, and 1781, took from 
 Great Britain, the two Floridas ; the U- 
 nited States, according to their prefent 
 limits, became an independent govern- 
 ment, leaving to Great Britain, of all her 
 American provinces, thofe only which 
 lie N and E of the U, States. All thefe 
 changes were fan(Stioned and confirmed 
 by the treaty of 1783. From that peri- 
 od, thefe rcfpetftive portions of N. Amer- 
 ica, remained without any change of pro- 
 prietors, till the treaty of St. Ideifonfo, of 
 Oct. 1 , 1 80c. By this treaty Spain "prom^ 
 ifes and engages on her party to cede to the 
 French Republic^fix months after the full and 
 entire execution of the conditions and fipulations 
 therein contained relative to the Duke of Par~ 
 ma, the colony or province of Louifiana ^ ivith 
 the fume extent that it a6lually has in the hands 
 of Spain, that it had ivhen France po[feJfcd it, 
 and fuch as it fiould be after the treaties fuhfe- 
 quently entered into betiveen Spain and ether 
 States." " This treaty was confirmed and 
 enforced by that of Madrid, of the aifl 
 
 of 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 Hf March i8oi. From France it paffed 
 to the U. States by the treaty of the 30th 
 of April 1803, as abovementioned, with 
 a reference to the above claufe as de- 
 Icriptive of the limits ceded." [_J'fferfon.'] 
 
 'Title. The above recited claufe from 
 the treaty of Idelfonfo, which makes a 
 part of the treaty of the 30th of April, 
 1803, between the United States and the 
 French Republic ; contains our title to 
 Louifiana. The validity of this title has 
 been doubted. Events will foon decide 
 this intereftin^ queftion. * Foi the above 
 title " The government of the United 
 States engages to pay to the French gov- 
 ernment, in the manner fpecified in the 
 following article, the fum of 60,000,000 
 of francs, independent of the fum which 
 fiiall be fixed by another convention for 
 the payment of the debts due by France 
 to the citizens of the United States. 
 
 "For the payment oft he lumof 60,000,000 
 francs, mentioned in the preceding ar- 
 ticle, the United States lliall create a 
 flock of 11,250,000 dollars, bearing an 
 intereft of fix per centum per annum, pay- 
 able half yearly in London, Amfterdam 
 or Paris, amounting by the half year to 
 337>500 dollars, according to the propor- 
 tions vvliich fliall be determined by the 
 French government to be paid at either 
 place : The principal of the faid ftock to 
 be reimburfed at the treafury of the U- 
 nited States, in annual payments of not 
 lefs than 3,000,000 of dollars each ; of 
 which the firft payment fliall commence 
 15 years after the date of the exchange 
 of ratifications ; this ftock fliall be tranf- 
 ferred to the government of France, or 
 to fuch perfon or perfons as fliall be au- 
 thorifed to receive it, in three months^ at 
 vioji, after the exchange of the ratifications 
 of this treaty, and after Louifiana fhall 
 be taken po'iTeffion of in the name of the 
 government of the United States." 
 
 Boundariet. Louifiana is ceded to the 
 United States " with the fame extent that 
 it has in the hands of Spain, that it had 
 when France poflefled it." What then 
 were the limits of Louifiana when in the 
 hands of France in 1762, and fince it has 
 been in polTellion of Spain ? For thefc 
 are to be its prefent limits. It is prop- 
 er here to obferve that Wcjl Florida is 
 known neither in French nor Spanifli Ge- 
 ography. It originated with the Britifh 
 in 1763, at which time, as has been men- 
 tioned, all the country E of the MifHfip- 
 
 * See the D^rbates in Congrcfs. on this fubject. 
 
 pi, except New Orleans, wa« ceded td 
 this nation, who then for the firft time 
 divided the Territory S of Georgia, 
 and E of the Ibberville, into E. and W. 
 Florida. This territorial divifion contin- 
 ued only till the country was taken by, 
 and confirmed to Spain, in 1783, except 
 in the books of Englifli and American 
 Geography. [Mitchell's Ms. Letter.] « Be- 
 fore the treaty of peace, in 1762, Louifia- 
 na extended, in the French maps, from, 
 the Gulf of Mexico, to near 45 degrees of 
 N lat. on the Wfide of the MifTifippi, and 
 to near 39 degrees on its eaftern bank. 
 Its boundaries were Canada on the N, N. 
 York, Pennfylvania, Virginia, Carolina, 
 and the N W part of the eafternm.oft pe- 
 ninfula of Florida on the E, the Gulf of 
 IMexico S, and N. Mexico W." [Hutchirs.] 
 According to Du Pratz, Louifiana is 
 bounded S and W as above ; N in part 
 by Canada ; " in part it extends without 
 any afllgnable bounds, to the Terra hi- 
 cognitJE, adjoining to Hudfon's bay ; E 
 by the Britilli provinces abovemention- 
 ed, and by Rio Perdido, fignifying Loft 
 river, aptly fo called by the Spaniards, be- 
 caufc'itiofes itfelf under gr()und,and after- 
 wards appears again and difcharges itfelf 
 into the fea a little to the E of Mobile, 
 on v.hich the firft French planters fettled.'" 
 Thefe limits of Louifiana, as poireiTed br 
 France and Spain, and acknowledged 
 by other powers, arc from the beft au- 
 thorities, and it is prefumtd may be con- 
 fidered as corre<5l ; and they give us the 
 extent of our newly acquired territory ; 
 the boundaries of Avhich, as far as can be 
 afcertained, arc as follows, viz. S on the 
 Gulf of Mexico, from the bay of St. Bar- 
 nard, S W of the Miflifippijt'o the mouth 
 of the Rio Perdido, above defcribed ; up 
 this river to its fource, and thence, (if it 
 rife not N of the 31ft degree of lat.) on a 
 ftraight line N to that parallel ; thence 
 along the fouthern boundary of the U. 
 States W to the Miflifippi ; then up thift 
 river to its fource, as eftabliflicd by the 
 treaty of 1783. Beyond this point the 
 limits, (which are conjetflural and have 
 never been afcertained) may be confid- 
 ered as including all tlie country lying 
 between the White Bear Lake, or other 
 head of the Miffifippi, and the fource of 
 the Miffouri ; and between this laft and 
 the head fprings of the i^rkanfas, Red 
 river, and other copious ftreams which 
 fall into the MiiTifippi, or in other words, 
 we ni«y confider Louifiana as bounded N 
 and ^i W by the high lands, which di- 
 vide 
 
to It 
 
 LOIS 
 
 %Jde ttie waters which fall into the St. 
 jLawrence and Hudfon's Bay, from ihofe 
 •ivhich fall into the MifTiilppt ; W by that 
 high chain of mountains, known by the 
 name of the Shining JUTou^hiinSfWhich. may 
 be called the 5^/W or Andes of that part 
 of N. America, and which turn tlie wa- 
 ters on the W of them to the Pacfiic,and 
 thofe on the E to the Atlantic Ocean. It 
 embraces, in one word, the whole Hope, 
 or inclined plain fronting the S E and E 
 down which the ftreams of alt lizes, flow 
 into the bed of the Miflihppi. On the S 
 \V it is bounded by New Mexico, between 
 which and Louifiana, the divifional line 
 has never been fettled. Some pretend 
 that this boundary is a right line from 
 the head of Red river, to that of the Rio 
 JSravo, and thence down its channel to 
 the Gulf of Mexico. Others make the 
 Rio Colerado, a:nd othefs with more prob- 
 ability, make the Rio MexicanOj the S W 
 boundary of Louifiana. 
 
 JDhrfioiis. Louifiana, as above defined, 
 may naturally be divided into three grand 
 divifions, viz. E.ijlerni Loiver, and Upj;ti 
 Louifiana. 
 
 The Eajlern divifion comprehends all 
 that part of this territory which lies E 
 of the MiiTirippi, bounded S by the Gulf 
 of Mexico, E by Perdido rivet, N by the 
 Miflitippi Territory, and W by the Mif- 
 lifippi river. This divifion embraces the 
 Ifland of New Orleans, and is watered 
 by the Mobile, Pafcagoula, Pearl, Bogue- 
 chito, Tanfipaho, and Amit rivers, with 
 Thompfon's Creek, and Bayou Sara. 
 \EllicottI\ The whole coaft of this divifion 
 embracing the old Biloxi diftrldl, which 
 was the firft Inhabited by the French, 
 •whofe dwellings were fuddenly deftroyed 
 by a great lire, conhfts of " a very fine 
 fand, white as fnow, very injurious to the 
 eyes, and fo dry as not to be iit to produce 
 any thing but pine, cedar, and fome ever- 
 green oaks."[i),//';v/;2.J The Mobile river 
 *' rolls its waters over a pure fand which 
 cannot make it muddy." * It has few 
 ^{h ; and "its banks and neighbourhood 
 are not very fertile. The ground is ftony 
 and fcarce any thing but gravel mixed 
 with a little earth." [i/W.] Between the 
 Pafcagoula and Miffifippi rivers, fome 
 diftance from the coafl;, " the country is 
 intermixed with extenfive hills, fine mea- 
 dows, numbers of thickets, and fometimes 
 
 * Thisriver in sprins?, after the rains of winter, 
 S.S a fine fiver, lutt in frnimer is but a brook, efpec- 
 iall> towarUs iV5 fo-uivc. IDiunynt-'} 
 
 with woods thick fet with cane, particu- 
 larly on the banks of rivers and brooks, 
 and extremely proper for agriculture." 
 [/i/c/.] The coaft, though flat, fandy and 
 dry,abouncls with deheious flielland other 
 !ilh, and aflbrds fecurity againft the dc- 
 fcent of an enemy. 
 
 Loiver Louifiana^ embraces that part of 
 this territory bounded E by the Miffifip- 
 pi river, S by the Gulf of Mexico, S W 
 and \V by New Mexico, N by a line 
 drawn from the Miffifippi W, dividing the 
 country in which ftone is found from 
 that where there is none. This line, ac- 
 cording to Du Pratz, commences on the 
 Wfide ot the Mifljfippi, at Manchac in 
 N hit. 30 20, and runs a varied courfe W 
 to N. Mexico. This part of Louifiana is 
 watered by Red river, and a great number 
 of rivers which fall into the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico. On both fides of the mouths of the 
 Miflilippi, which are unpleafant to theeye, 
 quagmires, incapable of bearing up the 
 traveller,and which afforda fafe retreat for 
 water fowl, gnats and muflcetoes, continue 
 for more than 20 miles. AH the coaft from 
 the Miffifippi W, as far as St. Bernard's 
 Bay and beyond, refcnibles the coaft al- 
 ready defcribed, of the eaftern divifion, 
 "it ig equally flat, formed of a like fand, 
 and a bar of ifles, which lengthen out 
 the coaft, and hinder a defcent ; and its 
 foil is barren." [Z)« Prat%?^ In afcending 
 the Miffifippi, after you leave the marfli- 
 es you come to narrow ftrips of firm land, 
 bordered with marflies, on each fide of 
 the river, which for fome diftance are 
 bare of trees, and afterwards are covered 
 fo thickly, as to intercept the winds in 
 afcending the river ; thefe narrow necks 
 of land, fit for cultivation, are continued 
 as far as the Englifli Turn. \Du Pratz.'] 
 This flat country is without ftones or 
 hills, and full of marflies and lakes. "It 
 appears to have been formed by every" 
 thing that comes down to the fea. Pretty 
 near the Natchitoches are found banks of 
 mufcle fliells. The neighbouring natloii 
 affirms, that according to their old tradi-- 
 tion, the fea formerly came up to this 
 place. Every thing Indeed in this coun- 
 try fliews that the Lower Louifiana, as 
 above defined, is a country gained from 
 the fea, whofe bottom is a chryftal fand, 
 white as fnow, fine as flour, and fuch as 
 is found both E and W of the Miffifippi ; 
 and we may expecl that in future ages, 
 the river and fea, may form another 
 traiH: of country like Lower Louifiana. 
 The Fort Baiizc flxews that a century is 
 fuSicient 
 
LO V 
 
 LOU 
 
 iafficient to erteml Louifian?. two leagues 
 into the fea." [I>u Fratz.] 
 
 Rivers. *' The greateft objci'linn to tliis 
 country, is, the difficulty of accefs to it. 
 There is no river of any confeijv.ence, or 
 port or harbour for iLips or velielsjto the 
 W, from the mouths of the Alijpfippito the 
 cape where the W boundary oi Lonift.ma 
 commences ; coafequcnUy, the only way 
 toandfrom th.e Ocean, muft be tlarough the 
 channel of the MiJJipppi, up as far as Red 
 5-iver, and thence up along tliat river to 
 the high land in the Appahnfu country, or 
 NatchiUjchts,vi\itxQ. thefirfl: high landfjt i'or 
 extenfive fettlenaents is to be found. From 
 the BaUfe^ or middle mcmth of the Mip- 
 f~ppl, which is the finp channel, up to the 
 city of Neiu Orleans^ it is about lOO miles ; 
 from Nerv Orleans to Mancbac^ at the 
 m^3Uth of the IbkrvHle, which is the north- 
 ern extremity of the iHandjit is about lOO 
 miles more. From thence up the Mijpjlppi 
 to the mouth of Red rirer it is about 200 
 miles further, and from the mouth of Red 
 river to tho firfl high land, it is conjectur- 
 ed cannot bs much fliort of another 100 
 miles. Thus you have between 4 and 500 
 miles to afcend rivers with rapid cur- 
 rents, before you can (lep on the high 
 grounds or country of Z/>r7/7,i'/;.7, fit for an 
 •extenfive cultivation. There is another 
 <-ircum(tance attending this country, not 
 very generally known, which is, that the 
 ■whole of the lands on the VV fide of the 
 ^^ifflJ''PP^"> except a flip of one plantatitm 
 deep, oppolite part of the i:land of Keiv 
 Orleans, and the fettleinent at Point Coupee^ 
 is a low funken country, alm-ofl: as far up 
 as the Ohio ; great part of it is covered for 
 near 4 mouths in the year, with water 
 from ao to 30 feet deep, and extending 
 nearly 30 mile- back from the edge of the 
 river, while en the contrary, on the E fide 
 except here and there a few low places, is 
 a high bold country. It is acrois thofe 
 low grounds on tlie Vv'" fide principally, 
 th:it the vafl q\iantity of furplus waters, 
 which How into the Ai'ijji/ippi above, are 
 difcharged ; the channel of that river 
 alone, which is upon an average not more 
 than three fourths of a mile wide, could 
 not vent the fiftieth part of thefe furplus 
 waters, if it was not convevcd over thcfe 
 low grounds, through ten thoufand chan- 
 nel-;, towards Lake Barrataria and other 
 lakes, on the N coaft of the Gulf of 
 Mexico and St. Barnard's Bay, and other's 
 towards theconfinesofili>.r/Vo,whichmake5 
 all the country to the W and S of the 
 ■^Ll'f'PPh a low, uninhabitable country, 
 for many hundred miles up, and wixat is 
 Vol. I. Mm 
 
 worfe, the labour of man cannot prevent 
 it."*' The Miffifippi is the principal 
 river of Louiliana, and the largeft in 
 the United States. It rifes in white Bear 
 Lake, Lit. 48 15 N. Its courfe is fouther- 
 ly, and its tributary flceams large and nu- 
 merous. In lat. 37 o 23 N,lon. jh 55^ 38'^ 
 W from Greenwich. It receives the Ohio 
 a noble river n 88 miles in length. The 
 confluence cf thefe mighty rivers does not 
 prefent a fcene grand or romantic. The 
 country is level, and the profpetSt of their 
 union is not different from the meeting cf 
 founds or rivers en the fea coall. Thef« 
 livers unite in that immenfe fwamp 
 through vvhlch the Miflifppi pa.Tea into 
 the gulf of Mexico. '1 his iv-amp extends 
 from the high lands in the United State* 
 to the high lands 111 Louifu^a, through 
 different parts of wliich the R. has had its 
 courfe iU different times. It is generally 
 from 36 to 45 miles in v/idth; which at ev- 
 ery inundation is mjuiy feet under v^'ater ; 
 the greater part of it being on the W ^\fl9 
 of the river. Fromthcmouth oftheGhiu 
 to the foutl.ern 1 ne of the U. S. ihere are 
 but two or tiiree places not covered v/itJi 
 water a part of every year, and thofe for a 
 time are annually inluiatcd. On the F fidj 
 areclevcnplncts elevated above the higheft 
 Hoods. LikethcNileandaiirivtrsfubjcdtto 
 inundation, the barks are higher on the 
 margin of the river than at a diftance from 
 them. Thofe fwa^r.ps and lakes, Avhic'v 
 comm.unicate immediatelv with the gulif 
 ofMexico, never btcome full, confcquent- 
 ly flrcams run frt.ni tlie MiiTifippi into 
 them till its waters fall. On thefe ptriodi- 
 cal and temporary ftreams valuable faw 
 mills are ered.cd in the vicinity of Ne-w 
 Orleans. 'V\\c dri^ pa rrafier.t hohy of wa- 
 ter, whPch leaves the Miffifippi, and fecks 
 the gulf ci Mexico by another channel, t& 
 the Chatalia. It Ims made its way through 
 the wtftern bank, jutl below the fouthcru 
 line of the United States, and when tlie 
 water of the river is high, its current is 
 firong, frequently drawingrafts and boats 
 down its channel, v.hicli are generally led. 
 l^Iotwithflandiiig the mrgnicude of this 
 fiream,itis not navigable to the gulf of 
 Mexico. It has formed an immenfe fbrating 
 bridgeo* trees, fo C(unpa6i:,ihat cattle aiid 
 horfcsare driven o\ er it. Diuing tl,e inuru 
 dationa ct'nfuk-r.-.bic flreMncaiied theFay- 
 ou Manchac t-x Ibbervillt-, IcaA es tlu Mif- 
 fifippi on the E fuic at iviancf.ac, which 
 lalis uitu tiic liver Aniit, v.Jiich palfes 
 
 thrinigli 
 
 " The I'lc Ceding rc-iriaik? -re iscm a us] ct |-.i,i , 
 I'fhf-j! in (.;)iarif>rTon (S. C:.) I'a'd 10 he t'l uni ' ■.ci^ca 
 <ji apsU'oiicOircClIy inloniK..! un ihel"ubjc.;t, " 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 throuoh lake Maurepas into Lake Poiit- 
 chartrain, which by ieveral openings near 
 the mouth of Pearl or Half Way river, 
 communicates with the gulf of IVIexico, 
 This for a part of the year places New 
 Orleans on an idand, which may be cali- 
 cd the Delta of Loui liana. A few miles 
 below Manchac on the W fide, another 
 liranch called Plaqiiemin, proceeds from 
 the Miflifippi, and by ftveral mouths falls 
 into the gulf of Mexico ; from this branch 
 there is a water communication with the 
 Opeloufas. At fon^e diflance below this 
 on the fanie iide a fircam called JLa Four- 
 che proceeds to the gulf of Mexico, into 
 ^vh^ch it falls by two channels or mouths. 
 Between New Orleans and the Balife the 
 MiiTiilppi has feveral communications 
 with the Gulf of Mexico, but they are 
 generally two fl^allow to iiavc much im- 
 portance. [£/licott.] 
 
 Red Rit'cr, has it<; fource not far re- 
 note from that of Rio Bravo or Rio del 
 Norte on which the city of Smta Fe is 
 built, and in the lame mountains in which 
 the MilTov.ri h?ads. It is fald that boats 
 afcend loco miles above the ftttlements 
 vf the Natchitoches, 'i'here is faid to be 
 a chain of mountains lymg E and W, 
 fi)rming nearly a riglit angle with the 
 j-reat N and S chain The fource of Red 
 River may i)e fuppofed to be in this cor- 
 ner as it were of Louifiana, and fcparated 
 by the mountains of Santa Fe, from the 
 Ibiithern country beyond whofe Qrcaras 
 run fouthwardly into the bay of St. 
 Barnard. Mltch'dl. 
 
 " On each fide of R«d R. are Ibme fcat- 
 tcring fcttleraents for about 50 miles, to 
 Eayan Rapide, on which are about 100 
 families. I'he land here, in point of fer- 
 tility, is inferior to none in the world ; 
 and for about 40 miles hence, to the be- 
 ginning of the Appalufa prairies, palling 
 Bayan Robert, and Bayan Baaif (on which 
 a few fettiemcnts are beginning) the 
 country is equally rich, and as well tim- 
 bered as any land can be. It is perfectly 
 level (refcmblino; a river bed) the foil 20 
 feet deep, and like a bed of manure. FL'gh- 
 er up Red river, the banks and low 
 grounds (which are 5 or 6 miles wide) 
 are nearly of the lame quality as the 
 lands on Eayan Rapide, with onlv this 
 diderence, being of a texture fomewhat 
 loofer, which is perhaps an advantage. 
 Here are but few fettlements, till you 
 arrive at the river Cane Settlement^ (fo 
 called) which is 60 or 70 miles higher 
 up Pv«d river. Froai this up to the vil- 
 
 lage or port of Natchitoches, which » 
 about 50 miles, and for 25 miles above 
 it, the banks of one branch of Red river 
 are fettled in the fame manner as the Mif- 
 fiiippi. It is impoflible to conceive of more 
 beautiful fields and plantations, or more 
 luxuriant crops of corn, cotton and to- 
 bacco. The town or port of Natchito- 
 ches, (where is a church, the refidence of 
 the commandant, prieft, 10 or li mer- 
 chants, and 30 or 40 families) was for- 
 merly a French garrifon, and an out pofc. 
 It is handfume'y iitua'ed on a hill, which 
 overlooks a great extent of well cultivated 
 fields : it v/as much larger 50 or 60 years 
 ago than at prefent, owing to many of 
 the inhabitants, who before lived in thft 
 garrifon, having, within thefe 30 or 40 
 years paft, lettled on plantations up and 
 down the river. From this place the 
 great weflern road takes ofF towards Mex- 
 ico, and it will ever be an important place, 
 being the key to an immenfe rich country. 
 The population of the iliftritSt of Natchi- 
 tochesjis between 4 and 5C00. The low 
 grounds of Red river, are generally 5 or 6 
 miles wide, and no foil can be richer, and 
 nearly all alike ; confiderable part of 
 which is overflowed annuallyin the month 
 of April; but it continues up but a flicrt 
 time, and always falls in time to plant cora 
 and tobacco,andrlfes no moretill the fame 
 time the next year. There are fields that, 
 from the bed account I can obtain, have 
 been planted fucceiUvely for near ico 
 vears in corn or tobacco, and wever known 
 to fail in producing plentiful crops, nor 
 is the foil apparently in theleaft: exhaufted. 
 It is particularly favourable for tobacco, 
 which grows remarkably luxuriant, and 
 has a very fine ftavour. The foil has a 
 faline impregnation, which imparts fome^- 
 thing of it to the tobacco. The well and 
 river v/ater is fomewhat brackifli. One 
 hand here can make as much tobacco in a 
 fsafon, as 4 or 5 on the befl lands in Vir- 
 ginia or N. Carolina. It is made with- 
 out any hills being raifed, and grows io 
 quick (from the ftrength and warmth of 
 the foil) that they ufually cut it three 
 times : when prepared for market, it i* 
 ftemmed and made into twifts of live 
 pounds each. From 80 to 100 bufliels 
 of corn can be made to the acre. Cotton 
 produces equally well The gardens on 
 the natural foil (for they cannot be made 
 richer with manure) arc not lefs aftonifh- 
 ing or extraordinary. I have particular- 
 ly obferved the very great height t» 
 wliicU the artichoke grow* j they are ufu- 
 ally 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 iilly 10 feet, and very frequently la and 15 
 feet high. la the neighbourhood of 
 Natchitoches are feveral fnlt fprings, the 
 waters of which are at lead: three times 
 as ftrong as fea water. Two men, with 
 10 or 12 old pots and kettles, fupply the 
 Xettlemeut on Red river with fait. The 
 fpruigs are almofl: inexhauftible, and 
 would admit of ve.y large quantities of 
 fait being made from tliem. There are 
 likewife plenty of , iron and copper ore, 
 j)it coal, fliell and fione lime. The dif- 
 ferent branches of the river, the lakes, 
 creeks and bayans, abound with very fine 
 full, cockles, foft flielled turtle and 
 Ihrimps, and in winter great varieties of 
 wild fowl. This country is far from be- 
 ing fickly. The river being very deep, 
 does not get much heated ; the houfes are 
 immediately on its banks, which ai^e kept 
 perfectly clean : and the water being 
 faltifli, prevents the exhalation of fickly 
 vapours; and it is happily freed from many 
 of thofe troublefome infedls fo comm.on 
 in the foiithern ftates, particularly the 
 bed bug. The mofchetto is very rarely 
 feeu here. The high lands, which are all 
 vacant and unfcttled, are covered with 
 a thick growth of oak, hickory, afh, 
 gum, faffafras, dog%vood, buckeye, grape 
 vinesj Sac. intermixed with fome fliort 
 leaved pine, and interfperfed with prai- 
 ries, creeks, lakes and fountains : it is not 
 mountainous,butgentlyrifing hills andval- 
 lies,and generally a ftrong clay foil. But 
 the appearance of both the timber and 
 land is very much injured by the frequent 
 burning of the woods The country on 
 Red river Is moft valuable, begins about 
 50 or 60 milesabovethe upperfcttlemcnts, 
 and extends 4 or5Comiles. The R. there 
 never overflows its banks ; the low ground? 
 are wide, and from the rWcr, for 40 miles on 
 each fide, the lands are remarkably rich, 
 interfperfed with handfome prairies, beau- 
 tiful ftreams and fountains ; alfo quarries 
 of freeftone, lime, flint, flate, grit, and al- 
 moft every kind of flone. In afcending 
 Red R. about 30 miles from the mouth of 
 it, Black river falls In on the N fide ; this 
 is alv/ays a clear navigable ftream, for 5 
 or 6co miles. About 100 miles up it, 
 it branches, at the fame place, in three 
 diiTcrent directions. Tlie E branch, called 
 the Tcnfaw, Is navigable for many miles, 
 alTords rich land, which is all vacant. 
 The middle or main branch, called Wafli- 
 pta, Is navigable 500 miles, on which is 
 ;m old fetrieinjent, affords excellent lands, 
 felt fp rings, lead ore, and plenty of very 
 
 good mill and grind ftones. The weft- 
 em branch, called Catahola, (on which 
 are ao or 30 fanalies newly fettled) runs 
 through a beautiful rich prairie country, 
 in which is a large lake, called Ciitahola 
 Lake. On this lake are fald to be a great 
 number of fait f[)rings, and very remarka- 
 ble accounts are given of the iiih and Irv, i 
 v/Ith which it abounds. On the rivt r 
 called Czark, are many valuable tracts of 
 land, fome of which are fettled. The 
 fame of White river and Saint Fran- 
 cois." . Sibley. 
 
 Upper Loujjiana, comprehends all the re- 
 mainder of thife territory, and is the larg- 
 efl; and moft valuable part. It has L. I.ou- 
 iliana S, the Milfifippi E, arid N and V.'' 
 the highlands and nountains which di- 
 vide the waters of the St. Lawrence, Hud- 
 fon's Eay, and the Pacific Ocean, from 
 thofe of the Mifiifippl. It is watered by 
 Red river, the Arkanfas, St. Erancis, and 
 the Mifiouri, v/ith a vaft number of fmall- 
 er ftreams, which fall Into thcfe or the 
 Mlft'irippl. " From the lower fettlejnent, 
 at Sans -la Grace, to the upper fettlcments 
 on the MiiTouri (a diftance of upwards of 
 250 mile-) containing a populat on of ^o 
 or 60,000, is a couiitry equal to Kentucky, 
 or any part of our weltern territt^rV ; and 
 the lead and iron niines contained in it, 
 render it a country of vaft importance." 
 \_SiLlcy.'] " 1 he bottom of tlje lands on 
 tiie hills, is a red clay, and fo ccm- 
 pacSt as might afford a folld foundation 
 for any building. This clay Is covered by 
 a light earth ahnoft black, and very fer- 
 tile. Tlifc grafs grows heie knee high ; 
 and In the bott()ni>, whith feparate thefe 
 fmall eminences, It is higher thin the tall- 
 tft man. Tov ards the end of September 
 this grafs is fet on fire ; and in 8 or 10 
 days after, young grafs flioots up half a 
 foot high. One W'ill eafily judge that in 
 fuch pafturcs herds of all creatures fatten 
 extraordinarily." [Du I'raiz.] As ycu 
 advance norLLv/ard towards tlic Arkanfas 
 and St. Francis, the country I)eccmej more 
 beautiful and fertile, abcundijig In vari- 
 ous kinds t)f game, as beavers, &c. herds 
 of deer, clk»and buffaloes, of from 6 to 
 100 In a drove, are frequently met with 
 In this wildernefs. In this vicinity have 
 been found fpccimens of rock rhryftal, 
 plafierof Paris, lead raid iron ore, lime- 
 ftone and pit coal. ,[ipid.] This country, 
 according to Father Hennepin, h^is ali the 
 trees common in Furo])e, bcfide others not 
 known there. Here are the findl cedars 
 in the world, and a t: ee yielding a frag- 
 
 laat 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 rant gum, which exceeds the bed Euro- 
 pean perfumes. The cotton trees are fo 
 large that the Indians make canoes out of 
 their trunks, lOO feet long. Hemp grows 
 here naturally ; tar is produced from the 
 pines on the fea coan: ; and the country 
 affords every material for fliip building. 
 Here are " vaft meadows which need not 
 be grubbed up, but are ready for the 
 plough and feed. Bean? grow without 
 culture ; and their (talks fubilft feveral 
 years, bearing fruit at tlie proper feafons. 
 The ftaiks are as big as one's arm, and 
 like ivy climb the highefl: trees. The 
 .peach trees are fo fruittul that they break 
 if not fupported. The forefts are full of 
 mulberry and plum trees. Here are 
 pomegranate ani chefnut trees covered 
 with vines whofe grapes are very large 
 and fvveet. They have 3 or 4 croiis of In- . 
 d;aa corn in one year ; for they have no 
 other winter than fome rains. Alines of pit 
 coaljlcadand copper were ihewn us by the 
 Indians ; alfo quarries of free ftone, and 
 of black, white and jafper like marble, of ! 
 which they make their cahimets." [Urn- j 
 n p/;z^.t Neiu Dif. of J large country in Amerk::, \ 
 /. 139.] One fpccies of timber, which is j 
 common from the mouth ot the Ohio , 
 down the Miffifippi fvvamp, is cotton ; 
 Tvood. It reiembles the Lombardy poplar | 
 in the quicknefs of its grow.'tli, and thcloft- I 
 ncfs of the timber, Iherc are alio the | 
 pipawand black afli, butfon wood or ! 
 Sycamore, hickory, and cyprefs. This j 
 lail is a valuable kind ot timbrr, and 1 
 grows in great abundance. Here is alfo 
 wild cherry, falTafras, beech, chefnut and ' 
 Eermudian mulberry trees. From the 
 walnut hills to Point Coupee, and caftcrly 
 ^S or 20 miles, the whole country in 
 its natural ftate was one continued cane 
 brake. The cane is generally 36 feet 
 high, often 4s ; inienninglcd Avith a fmall- 
 er fpecics,they continue thence on all the : 
 creeks to the gulf of Al^xico. [EUicott.'] \ 
 In the S wcflern part of I.. Louillaaa, | 
 bordering on N. Alexico, the lands are ! 
 excellent, covered in fome places with op- i 
 en woods of tall trees, through which one j 
 may, without ditnculty, ride on horfe- I 
 back ; in other places tiie woods are 1 
 thicker. Meadows of a rich foil are in- j 
 terfperfed, the whole country is watered ij 
 bynmnerous rivers, and inhabited by an j| 
 abundance of wiid animaU, and otiier 
 game. A ridge of high land from one to 
 f;x leagues in breadth, commences fome 
 diftance W of the MifTihppi, and con- 
 tinues <^ulte to N. IvUxico. The Red f 
 
 ; river boutida it on the N, towards whi3h 
 it declines by windings, where it is di- 
 verfified alternately with meadows and 
 woods. The top of this ridge is almoft 
 bare, producing x iiue grafs wiiich grow* 
 between the ftones. The buffaloes, whea- 
 drivan from the plains by the rain, feed 
 on this grafs, but becaufe they find here 
 neither water nor fait petre, they at oth- 
 er times confine themfclves to the plaui*. 
 As all cloven footed animals are extreme- 
 ly fond of fait, it is worthy of remark, 
 that Louifiana, in general, contains a 
 great deal of faitpetrc. D« Pratz, 
 
 Minerals an J fait luaters. Above the 
 Nachitoches dwell the Cadodaquieboa 
 Indians. Near one of their villages is a 
 rich filver mine. The filver lies in a 
 (lone of chefnut colour. Further N is 
 another fiU'er mine. Lead ore is alfo 
 found in different places ; alfo iron ore, 
 pit coai, marble, Hate, and plaftcr of Par- 
 is. Alccnding Black river, about 30 
 leagues, it receives from the W a brook 
 of fait water. It* fourcc is a lake of fait 
 water 2 leagues diftaut, which is about 6 
 miles lon^, and 3 broad ; 3 miles N of 
 j this is another fait lake nearly as large. 
 j N of Red river is a fpring of water very 
 fait. [Z)v Frizfz.) About 600 miles yp 
 the Miflburi arc found large quantities. 
 I of lollile fait. Whole hills of it are near 
 tiic river, and, from fpeciniens which have 
 been exhibited, it appears of an excellent 
 quality. 'Vlxc lead ore at St. Genvieve is 
 remarkably pure and produdtive. There 
 is no regular company for procuring and 
 I working it ; but the fettlers at their Icif- 
 urc dig for it, fatisficd with what they 
 hnd within 15 feet depth. Mr. Auflia 
 (from CouneiSlitut) fettled in the neigh- 
 bourhood, purchafes coniiderable of the 
 inhabitants for the works he has fet up for 
 making flicet lead and fliot. It is found 
 to yield from 60 to 74 per cent, from the 
 native ore. The common method the 
 people ufe for fmelting it, is only to make 
 a fire wiih logs and decayed timber, and 
 then pile on the ore and let it melt, and 
 take up the lead from the aflies of the 
 heap. GiltJian. 
 
 Rivert. St Peter Is the firfl branch of 
 the MlfTifippi worthy of notice below the 
 falls of St. Anthony. It comes from the 
 W. This is a conlidcrahle river. Man- 
 gona is a branch from the W, which en- 
 ters the Miflifippi 250 leagues below the 
 falls ; it is 150 leagues in length. The 
 MifTouri-has a courfe of 800 leagues, and 
 mingles its \vaters rdili the MilEfippi, 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 ^cy le^^nes below St. Anthony's falls, 
 'ihe C.inzas, one of its branches, is in 
 length 150 leagues- The St. Francis is a 
 confiderable brancii, whicli frills into the 
 Miliifippi more than 30 leagues above the 
 Arkanl'as : this lafl; ftream has its moutli 
 200 ItMg'ics above New Orleans. Its 
 Iburce is in the mountain of Santa Fc in 
 N. Mexico ; its courfe is firft a little N 
 tor 100 leagues; it then turns S E ; its 
 length is about 300 leagues. 
 
 Clhnatc. During the winter the weath- 
 er is very changeable, generally through- 
 out Lower, and the fouthcrn part of 
 Upper Loaifuaa. In fummcr it is regu- 
 Lirly hot. In the latitude of the Natchez, 
 Farenheit's thermometer ranges from 17 
 ro ^^i? The average degree of heat, is 
 f^Htcd to be 14^ greater than in Pcnnfyl- 
 rania. [£///Vt/.] The climate of J.,ouift- 
 ana vanes in proportion ?,s it extends 
 northward. Its fouthe n parts are not 
 fubjc^t to the fame degree of heat, as the 
 fame latitudes in Africa, nor its northern 
 parts to th.e fame degree of cold as the 
 correfpondnig lat'Ludcs in Europe ; ow- 
 ing to the thick woods which cover the 
 country, and to tlie great number of riv- 
 ers which interfecl it. The former pre- 
 vent the fun from fcorching the earth ; 
 the latter caufea great degree of humidi- 
 
 ty which foftensthe air, and prevents ex- 
 treme cold. [Du jPratz.] The prcv;!il- 
 ing difeai'es on the lower part of the O- 
 hio, on the Mifhfippi, and through the 
 Floridas, are bilious fevers. In fome fea- 
 fons they are mild, and are little more 
 than common intermittent^, in others 
 they are highly malignant, and pppfoach 
 the genuine ytilow fever of the W. in- 
 dies. EU}:r:t. 
 
 S'ibJiv'f:o;ts and Population. We have 
 already divided Louiliana, 25 ceded to 
 the U. States, into three grand diviiion^, 
 v'z. E:!jiern, Loiver and Upper Louijlana. 
 V/e Oiall no'.v notice their fubdiv- liens. 
 It will be proper previou'ly to remark., 
 that the modern divifirnal line b-twcen 
 U. and \4. Touifxana does not correfpond 
 with the one already dcfcribed by Du 
 Pratz, feparating the territory ivitlani- 
 from the territory %vitb ftoncs ; it com- 
 mences much high< r up the M'ffiljppf, ai 
 La Petite Prairie, near New Madrid, :?- 
 bout lat. 36 30 N. The befl view of the 
 fuhdivlfions and population of Loui(i?.nn, 
 is contained in the following table, which 
 has the ftamp of c i5icial authority, having 
 betn communicated to Cor.grcfs by the 
 Preiident of the U. States, in the Appen- 
 dix of his account of Douiliana. 
 
 Names axd Situatto:'I of the Posts or. Districts 
 
 rotah 
 
 Bahze to ^sew (Jrieans, - - - . . 
 
 S?n Bernado or Terre aux boeufs on a creek running"^ 
 
 from the Englifli turn E to thefea and Lake Borgna, i[ 
 City of New Orleans and fuburbs, - - _ 
 Bayou St. Jean and Chantilly between the city and ' 
 
 Lake Pontchartrain, - _ - _ _ 
 Coafl of Chapitoulas, or along the Bank* of the Mil- 
 
 fippi 6 leagues upwards, - _ _ _ 
 Firft German Coaft, from 6 to 10 leagues upwards on 
 
 both banks, ----._ 
 
 Second do. from ic leagues and ending at id do. - 
 C'atahanofe,or firft Acadian Coafl, commencingat 16 
 
 leagues above the City and ending at 23 on both 
 
 banks, ----__- 
 Fouche or fccond Acadian Coaft from ^3 to 30 leagues 
 
 above town, - . _ - - _ 
 
 Valcnzuela or fettlements on the Bafon dc la Fouche 
 
 running from the W fide of the Miffifipp; 
 
 fea, and called in old maps the Fourche 
 
 ere des Chilimachas, 
 Jbberville Pari lli, commencingat about 30 leagues from^ 
 
 Orleans and ending at the river of the fame name,^ 
 Galveztown, fituated on the river Ibberville, between") 
 
 the Miffifippi and Lake Maurepas, cppofitethev 
 
 wouth s>f the Amir, .... 3 
 
 I roucJie"^ 
 
 )i to the/ 
 
 or Rivi- T 
 
 2>9^ 
 
 i33i 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 688 
 
 113 
 
 883 
 
 21 
 
 13S2 
 
 
 677 
 
 — 
 
 1797 
 
 — 
 
 658 
 
 13 
 
 ai3 
 
 S 
 
 ^m 
 
 i6zc 
 
 IC46 
 
 386 
 a6 
 
 a3^«. 
 66 r 
 
 8056 
 489 
 
 1444 
 
 24^.1 
 
 1. 41 
 
 2064 
 
 1057 
 
 24-7 
 
 Government 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 Names and Situation or the Posts or Districts. 
 
 \l^Jtitei-\p'^ of 
 
 \'-i)lnur. 
 
 SliT-cei. 
 
 l 
 
 Liver V 
 
 :"1 
 
 958 
 
 859 
 1646 
 
 336 
 
 7Sj 
 
 Z3S 
 
 601 
 181 
 840 
 
 337 
 
 445 
 416 
 
 711 
 46 
 
 Goverumcni of Uaton Rouge, including all the lettie 
 
 ments between the Ibberville and the line of demark 
 
 ation, _ _ . . _ 
 
 Pointe Coupee and Falfe River behind it 50 leagues from 1 
 
 Orleans, en the W fide of the Miffifippi, - \ 
 
 Atacapas, on the rivers 'i'tche and VermilHon, &c. to "5 
 
 the "W of the Miflifippi, and near the fea, - 3 
 
 Opeloufas adjoining to, and to the N E of the foregoing 
 Ojuachita on the river of the fame name or upper part 
 
 of the Black river, which empties into the R 
 
 Rouge, - - - 
 
 Avoyelles oh the Red river, about leagues from 
 
 Miflifippi, . - _ _ 
 
 Rapide on do. about leagues hrglier up, 
 Natchitoches on do. about 75 leagues from the MifO 
 
 fifippi* S 
 
 Concord, an infant fettlemtnt on the banks of the"? „ 
 
 MifRfippi, oppofite Natchez, . - . ^ k^o^n. 
 
 Ark?,nfa«, on the river of the fame name, about 12 leagues? 
 
 from its mouth, --____ ^ 
 Spanifli Illinois, or U. Louifiana, from I.a Petite Pra- 7 
 
 iric, near Ncvr Madrid, to the MilTouri, inclufivc, viz.5 
 St. Louis, on the Miflifippi 5 leagues below the Mif 
 
 fouri, ----.__. 
 Caroadclct, on the Minrifippi tvv'o leagues below St. 7 
 
 Louis, ----- ^ 
 
 JTt. Charles, on the Miflouri 7 leagues from its mouth, 7 
 
 and 6 from St. Louis by land, - - ^ 
 
 St, Fernando, or Hariflerct, 3 leagues from St. Louis on 7 
 
 the road to St. Charles, - - _ ^ 
 
 Marias de l>iards, a league W of St. Fernando, 
 Maramce, on the river of its name, 
 St. Andrews, 5 leagues above Sc. Charles on the Mif-7 
 
 fouri, - - - - . ^ 
 
 St. Genevieve, on the Miflifippi oppofite Kafkafkias, 
 New Bourbon, a league below St. Genevieve, 
 Cape Girardeau, - - - _ 
 
 New Madrid, on the Miflifippi, ij league? belovvr the! 
 
 mouth of Ohio, * " - - 3 
 
 Llitle Meadow, 7 leagues below New Madrid, on the? 
 
 W bank of the Miflifippi, - - . . ^ 
 
 Mobillc and country between it and Orleans, and bor-7 
 
 ders of Lake Pouichai train, - - - ^ 
 
 iVnfacola, cxclufivc oi the garrlfoa (not exceeding) - 
 
 2.T,244 I 17,68 I 12920 j 4^,375 
 
 " Memorandum. This cenfus is taken from the latefl returns, but is manlfeftly incorredl, 
 the population being under rated ; from fome places there have been no returns for the 
 laft {c\tn years, and from thofe made this year it is cafy to fee that certain caufcs induced 
 the inhabitants to give in fliort returns of their flaves and of their own numbers, The 
 Spani(h government is fully perfuaded that the population at prcfent confiderably exceeds 
 50,000 fouls." '* A conje(3:ural eftimation made by a gentleman of great refpe6lability, and 
 corrcift informatioo, rcflding at Natchez, raifes the number of whites in the ifland of Or- 
 Jeans, on the W fidt of the river and fome Icttlements on the E fide to 50,150, and the No. 
 pf blacks to 39,8ao. His ftatement follows. 
 
 r. The 
 
 * AnofFcinl document- of July, iSo:;, flates the No, of inhabitants nt Atacapas at ?!70 whites, 210 free inhab- 
 Jtapcs of cciQur, and '• :66 "flaves^ total, 3746. Jlxz returns frgm Opeloufas, arc fuppofed to be inuler rated. 
 
 J 
 
 S39 
 
 - 
 
 1603 
 
 58 
 
 5o<^ 
 
 — 
 
 SoS- 
 
 a 
 
 94 
 
 - 
 
 169 
 
 — 
 
 846 
 
 5 
 
 48 
 
 56 
 
 .68' 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 55 
 
 - 
 
 17 
 
 - 
 
 4'Z 
 
 32 
 
 ___ 
 
 3 
 
 310 
 
 I 
 
 114 
 
 105 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 71 
 
 ~ 
 
 3 
 
 _ 
 
 I 
 
L OU 
 
 L O U 
 
 Names AND Situation of Tiiy. Posts or Districts, 
 
 tttt 
 
 B! 
 
 largin^ 
 
 1. The illarid ot New Orleans witii the oppofuc niai 
 
 and fettlements adjacent cornputtd at, 
 %. The W margin fiom Manvhac including Puiutc C'o'.i- 1 
 
 pee and extend ng to fhe Red River, " " 3 
 
 3. Atacapas, au>ng ilie ka coalt between the Delta ot ^ 
 the MiiTifippi aad the wtflern boundary, - i 
 
 4. Opeloufas, on the N of Atacapa.i, - - . 
 
 5. Red River, including Bayou Beeiif, Avoyelle, Rnpide-j 
 and Natchitoches, (ihe two firft bounding on Ape- C 
 loufas.) - - - - _ Jj 
 
 6. Ouchita (river falling into the Red river from the N.) 
 
 7. Concord a fertlement on the margin of the river oppo- 1 
 fite to Natcliez, - - - - ^ 
 
 8. Arkanfps River, ----_. 
 
 9. New Madrid and vicinity, - i. . 
 io. Illinois and Mifi'ouri, ... 
 
 ratal. 
 
 Note. The fetttlements of Baton Rouge and New 
 
 Feliciana, on tiic E fide of the River, lying between the 
 
 line ordcmaikation lat. 31° and the Ibi>ervil!c, iiiciuu- 
 
 iijg iorne eftabliilimentson the river Amit, &c. contain. 
 
 25,000 
 
 4000 
 
 i6co 
 3750 
 
 5000 
 
 1 20c 
 
 (y.O 
 i7j;o 
 4C0C 
 
 25,occ 
 5C0C 
 
 2CGC 
 30Cr 
 
 7f 
 
 . r.' 
 
 WliiL 
 
 47.150 39,22c 
 
 3000 
 
 5OCO 
 800 
 
 IGOO 
 
 500 
 40 
 
 150 
 
 ic<?o 
 
 9740 
 
 60c 600 
 
 ** The inhabitants of LouiCana arc 
 chiefly the defcendants of the French and 
 Caaadians. There are a conlidernble 
 nuniber of Eagliili and Americans in New 
 Orlerins. The two German coafts are 
 peopled by the defcendants of fettlers 
 from Germany, and a few French mixed 
 ■with them. The three fuccecding fettle- 
 ments up to Baton Rouge contain moftly 
 Acadians, baniflied from Nova Scotia by 
 the Engliili, and their defcendants. The 
 government of Baton Rouge, efpecially 
 thcE fide, which includes all the country 
 between tlie Ibberville and the American 
 line, is compofed partly of Acadians, a 
 very few French, and of a great majority 
 of Americans. On t he W fide they are 
 moftly Acadians : at Point Coupee and 
 Fauflee river they are French and Acadi- 
 nns ; of the population of the Atacapas 
 and Opeloufas, a confiderable part is 
 American ; Natchitoches, on the Red 
 river, contains but a few Americans, and 
 the remainder of the inhabitants arc 
 Fiench ; but the former are more numer- 
 ous in the other fettlements on that river, 
 viz. Avoyelles, Rapide, and Ouacheta. At 
 Arkanfas they are moftly French ; and at 
 New Madrid, Americans. At leaft two 
 pfths, if not a greater proportion of all 
 tke fettlera oa the SpanidU fide of the Mif- 
 
 fifippi, in the Illinoi* country, are llkewil'e 
 fuppofed to be American?. Below New 
 Orleans the population is altogether 
 French, and tlie defcendants of French- 
 men." [y'^J/^i-r/hn.] The natives of the 
 fouthcrn part of theMilFifippi arefpright- 
 ly, have a turn for mechanics, and the 
 line arts, but their fyftcm of education i$ 
 fo v/retched that little real fcience is ob- 
 tained. Mary of the planters are opu- 
 lent, induftrious, and hofpitable. EUicntt. 
 
 " There is a militia in Louifiana. The 
 following is the return of it, made to the 
 Court of Spain, by the Baron of Caroa- 
 delet. 
 
 From Balize to the city ; volun- Miiiils. 
 teersof the Miffifippi; 4 com- 
 panies of 100 men each; com- 
 plete, - - . - 400 
 City ; Battalion of the city, 5 
 
 companies, - - - ^oa 
 
 Artillery company, with fuper- 
 
 numeraries, - - - 1 20 
 
 Carabineers, or privileged com- 
 panies of horfe, % companies of 
 70 each ; incomplete, - - lo« 
 Mulattoes, % companies ; ne- 
 groes, I do. - - - 500 
 Mixed legion of the Miflifippi, com- 
 preheadicg Galvejctown, Baton Rouge, 
 
 Poiatis 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 Atacapa«, and Opo!- 
 
 ^ointe Coupee, 
 isufas, viz. 
 
 ■z comjfenlcs of Grenadier?, 
 
 8 do. of fuliieer.-*, 
 
 4 do. of dragoons, 
 
 % do. lately added from Eayou Sara, 
 
 16 companies of lOO men each 
 
 1600 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 Avoyelles i compauyot iiuaiitiyj 
 Ducheta, i do. of cavalry, - - 
 Natchitoches, I do. of infantry 
 
 and I of cavalry, - - 300 
 
 Arkanfas, i do. of infantry and 
 
 ca/alry, - .. - 100 
 
 Klinois, 4 do. of caralry,? '"^^ "^^^^ 
 
 4 do. of infantry, C the comple* ^^ 
 
 Provincial regimentof Germans 
 and Acadians, from the iirft 
 German coaft to Ibherviile, 
 10 companies, viz. a of grenadiers,? 
 
 8 ofiuiiieers5 looo 
 Mobille and the country E of 
 I^ake Ponchartrain, 
 
 2 companies of horfe and foot 
 incomplete, - - - 120 
 
 5440^ 
 A gentleman of repetSVahility, makes 
 the number of ths militia to amount to 
 10,340 men wiihin the fame limits to 
 ■which the laft eftimate of the popula- 
 tion applies. He diflributes thcni in the 
 feveral fettlements,as follows : 
 
 I. The illands of New Orleans, 
 with the oppofite margin and the 
 adjacent fettlements, - - 5000 
 
 a. The weft margin from Man- 
 chac, including Pointe Coupee, 
 and extending to the Red river, 8go 
 
 3. Atacapas, along the coaft, 
 between the Delta of the Mifli- 
 
 fippi and the river Sabine, - - 350 
 
 4. Opeloufas, - - _ 750 
 
 5. Red river, including Bayou 
 Bceuf, yVvoyelles, Rapide, and 
 Natchitociies, - - « icoo 
 
 6. Ouachita, - - - 300 
 
 7. Concord, - _ . ^o 
 S. Arkanfaa, - _ . ijo 
 9. New Madrid and it» vicinity, 350 
 
 10. Illinois and Miflburi, - icco 
 
 11. The fettlements on the eaft 
 fide of the Miflifippi, from the 
 American line to the Ibbcrville, 
 
 aad feme other fettlements, - 600 
 
 10,340 
 It is to be obfervecl,that none of thefe 
 ^atements include the country beyond 
 tke riyar Sabine, nereveR allthgfe which 
 
 lie eaftwaruly of it. Data are alfo ivant* 
 ing to give tiiem." J'^M^rfin- 
 
 Forlijicaiionsy St. Louis has a lieutenant 
 colonel to command in it, and but few 
 troops. Baton Rouge is an iil confbudl- 
 <id fort, and has about 50 men. In dc- 
 fcril^ing the canal of Caronde'et, the fmall 
 fort of St. Jean has been mentioned, as has 
 tlie block houfe at the Balise in it? prop- 
 er place. The fortific«tions of New Or- 
 leans, noticed before, conlifl; of five ill con- 
 fir ucled redoubts, v/ith a covered way, 
 palifade and ditch. The Vvhole is going 
 faft to decay, and it is fui>pofed they 
 would be of but little fervice, in cafe of 
 an attack. Though the powder maga- 
 zine is on the oppofite fide of the rivcr» 
 there is no fufficient provilion made for 
 its lemoval to the city, in cafe of neccL 
 The foit of Plaquemines, v/hlch is about 
 1 2 or 13 leagues from the fea, is an ill coii- 
 flruiled, inegular brick work, on the 
 eaflcrn fide of the Miflifippi, with a ditch 
 in front of the river, and protected on tha 
 lower fide by a deep creek, flowing from , 
 the river to the fea. It is, however, im- 
 perfefllly clofed behind, and almoft with- 
 out defence there ; too much reliance 
 having been placed on the fwampincfs of 
 the ground, v.h-ch hardens daily. It 
 might be taken, perhaps, by efcalade, 
 without dilnculty. It is in a degree luin- 
 cus. The principal front is meant to de- 
 fend the approach from the fea, and c^n 
 oppofe, at moft, but eight heavy gvms. It 
 is built at a turn in the river, where fliips 
 in general muO: anchor, as the wind which 
 brings them^ up fo far is contrary in the 
 next reach which they moflly work 
 through ; and they would therefbre be 
 expofcd to the fire of the fort. On the 
 oppofite bank are the ruins of a fmall 
 clofed redoubt, called Fort Bourbon, ufu- 
 ally garrifoned by a ferjeant's command. 
 Its fiie was intended to flank that (f the 
 Fortof Plaquemines, and prevent lliipping 
 and craft from afcending or dcfocndicg 
 on that fide. W.hcn a veflcl appears, a 
 fignal is made on one fide, and anfvvered 
 on ihe other. Should fhe attempt to pafs, 
 without fending a boat on fhore, flie 
 would be immediately fired upon. 
 
 Indians. T!ie Indian nations withia 
 the limits of Louifiana are as far known 
 as follows, and confifl of the numbcrt 
 hereafter fpecifod. On the caflern bank 
 of the Millifippi, about 25 leagues above 
 Orleans, the remains of the nation of 
 Iloumas or Red Men, which do not ex- 
 ceed 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 . cted 60 pcrfohs. There art no other In- ^ 
 dians fettled on this lidc of the rivqr elth- I 
 cr -iu Louifiana or \V. Florida, though j 
 they are at tunes frequented by parties of I 
 wandering Choclaws. On the W fide of j 
 •the Millirippi are the remains of the 
 Tounicas fettled near, and above Pointe j 
 Coupee on the river, coniifling of 50 or j 
 60 perfons." Jcf^'f''"' \ 
 
 " In the Atacapas. On the lower parts of ; 
 the Bayou Teche at about 1 1 or 1 a leagues ' 
 from the fea, are tviro villages of Chimna- j 
 chas, confifting of about 100 fouls. The 
 Atacapas, properly fo called, difperfcd ' 
 throughout the diftriiSb, and chiefly on i 
 the Bayou or creek of Vermilion, about 1 
 100 fouls. Wanderers of the tribes of j 
 Biloxis and Cho(5laws on Bayou Croco- ; 
 dile, which empties into the Teche about ■ 
 50 fouls." ibid. \ 
 
 « In the Opdoufas to th: N W of Atazapa:. \ 
 Two villages of Alibamas in the centre j 
 of the diflrid:, near the church, confiding \ 
 of 100 perfons. Coachatcs difperfed I 
 through the country as far W as the river i 
 Sabinasand its neighbourhood, about 350 | 
 perfons." ibid, \ 
 
 " On the River Rouge. At Avoyelles, 1 9 ' 
 leagues from the Miflifippi, is a village j 
 of the Biloni nation, and another on the ' 
 Jake of the Avoyelles, the whole about' 
 60 fouls. At the Rapide, 26 leagues from ; 
 .the MilTifippi, is a village of Chodlaws of ! 
 100 fouls, and another of Bllox.^s, about I 
 a leagues from it,of about loomore: about 
 8 or 9 leagues higher up the Red River 
 isa village of about 30 foul*. All tliefe 
 are occafionally employed by the fcttlers 
 in thtir neighbourhood as boatmen. A- 
 bout 8o leagues above Natchitoches on 
 the Red River, is the nation of the Ca- 
 doquies, called by abbreviation Cados ; 
 ihey can raife from 5 to 400 warriors, 
 are the friends of the whites, and are ef- 
 teemed the brave fl: and moft generous of 
 all the nations in this vaft country ; they 
 are rapidly decreafing, owing to intem- 
 perance and the numbers a .miially dc- 
 ftioyed by the Ofagcs anil Choctaws. 
 There are, befidc the foregoing, at kafl: 4 
 to 500 families of Choclaws, who arc dif- 
 perfed on the W fide of the Miiniippi, 
 Oi\ the Ouacheta and Red rivers, as far 
 W as Nitchitochc3,and the whole nation 
 would have emigrated acrofs the Alifli- 
 fippi had it not been for the oppofition 
 of the Spaniards and the Indians on tliat I 
 fide who had fufFcrcd by their aggref- I 
 fions." ilid, I 
 
 " Oa the River Arlanfas, Iffe. Between the '' 
 Vol. I. N n & O o ' 
 
 Red River and the Arkanfas there are but 
 a few Indians the remains of tribes almoft 
 extinct. On this laft river is the nation 
 of the fame name, confifling of about z6o 
 warriors, they are brave yet peaceable 
 and well difpofed, and have always been 
 attached to the French, and efpoufed their 
 caufe in their wars with the Chickafaws, 
 whom they have always refilled with fuc- 
 cefs. They live in three village?!, the iirft 
 is at 18 leagues from the MilTilippi on the 
 Arkanfas river, and the others are at 3 
 and 6 leagues from the firil. A fcarcity 
 of game on the ea [tern fide of the MifR- 
 lippl has lately induced a number of Chcr- 
 okees, Cho<ftaw3, Chickafaws, &c. to fre- 
 quent the neighbourhood of Arkanfas, 
 where game is ftill in abundance ; they 
 have contracted marriages with the Ar- 
 kanfas, and feeni inclined to make a per- 
 manent fettlemcnt and incorporate thcm- 
 felves with tliat nation. The number is 
 unknown, but is confiderable and is every 
 day increaliag. On the river St. Francis, 
 in the neigbourhood of New Madrid, 
 Cape Girardeau, Revierc a la Pcnimc, and 
 the environs, are fettled a number of vag- 
 aboiKjs, emigrants from the Ddawares, 
 Shawnefe,Miaiuis, Chickafaw--,Cl;crokc3', 
 Piorias, and fuppofed to confiic in all of 
 ^00 fam.ilies ; they are at times trouble- 
 fome to the boats defcending the river, 
 and have even plundered fome of them 
 andco:nmittfd a few murders. Tiie^'-arc 
 attached to liquor, feldom remain long in 
 any place, many of them fpeak Knglifli, al 1 
 unuerftand it, and there are feme wlu> 
 even read and write it. At St. Genevieve 
 in the fettlement among the wliifes arc 
 about 30 Piorias, Kiilkafkias, and iii-nois, 
 who feldom hunt for fear of the oti.er In- 
 dians ; they are th.e remains of a natioii 
 which 50 years ago could bring into the 
 field 12.00 warriors." /j//, 
 
 <' On the Mld'orr:. On the Milu.uri an.! 
 its waters are many and numerous nation^;, 
 the heft known of which :u:e ; Tlie Ofagcr, 
 fituated on the river of th*; fame name ou 
 the right bank of the aVIillburi, at about Bo 
 leagues from its confluence wiih it ; thev 
 confilt of 1000 warriors, who live in two 
 fettlements at no great diftance from each 
 other. They are of a gigantic ftature snd 
 well proportioned, arc ci:emics of the 
 whites and of all other Indian nations, and 
 commit depredations from the Illinois 10 
 the Arkanfas. The trade of this nation 
 is faid to be under an exclulive grant. 
 They are a cruel and ferocious race, and. 
 are hated and feared by all the other In-. 
 
 diaus. 
 
LOU 
 
 LOtiT 
 
 cJip.ns. The confluence of the Ofage river 
 with the M llouri is about 8 leagues from 
 the MiiTiTippi. Sixty leagues higher up 
 the MilTouri, and on the fame bank, is the 
 river Kanzas, and on it the nation of the 
 fame name, but at about 70 or 80 leagues 
 from its mouth. It confifts of about 250 
 warriors, who are as fierce and cruel as 
 the Ofages, and often moleft and ill treat 
 thofe who go to trade among them. Sixty- 
 leagues above the river Kanzas, and at 
 about 2C0 from the mouth of the Miffou- 
 ri, ftiil en the right bank, is the Ri'vicrre 
 Platte, or Sliailow River, remarkable for 
 its quickfands and bad navigation; and 
 near its confluence with the Miflburi 
 dwells tiie nation of Ocloladios, common- 
 ly called Otos, confifking of about 200 
 warriors, among whom are 1$ or 30 of 
 the nation of Miflburi, who took refuge 
 among them about 25 yrars fince. Forty 
 leagues up the J?/wr Platte you come to 
 the nation of the Fanis, compofed of a- 
 bout 700 warriors in 4 neighbouring vil- 
 lages ; they hunt but little, and are ill 
 provided with fire arms : they often make 
 war on the Spaniards in the neighbour- 
 hood of Santa Fe, from which they are not 
 far diftant. At 300 leagues from the Mii- 
 fifippi and 100 from the River Platte on 
 the fame bank, are fituated the villages of 1 
 the Mahas. They confifted in i^yc;, of | 
 500 warriors, but are faid to have been j 
 almoft cut dfF lafl: year by the fmall- ; 
 pox. At 50 leagues above the Mahas, I 
 and on the left bank of tlie MifTouri, dwell | 
 the Poncas, to the number of 250 war- j 
 riors, pofTefTrng in common with the Ma- 1 
 has their language, ferocity, and vices. 
 Their ti ade has never been of much value, j 
 and thofe engaged in it are expofed to 1 
 pillage and ill treatment. At the diftance i 
 of 450 leagues from the MilTilippi, and on ! 
 the right bank of the MilTouri, dwell the j 
 AricaraS; to the number of 7C0 v/arriors, 1 
 and 60 leagues above them, the Mandane j 
 nation, confining of about 700 warriors 
 likewife. Thefe two lad nations are well 
 difpofed to the whites, but have been t'le 
 victims of the Sioux, or Jsandowcflies, 
 who being themfelves well provided with 
 fire arms, have taken advantage of the de- 
 fencelefs fituation of the otliers, and have 
 on all occafions murdered them without 
 mercy. No difcoveries en the MilTouri, 
 beyond the Mandane nation, have been 
 accurately detailed, though the traders 
 lifve been informed, tliat many navigable 
 rivers difcharge their waters into it, above 
 itjLnd that thc^resii'c-rnany nuincrcusDiitions 
 
 fettled on them. The Sioux, or Mando. 
 weflic*, who frequent the country between 
 the N bank of the Miflburi and Miflifippi, 
 are a great impediment to trade and navi- 
 gation. They endeavour to prevent all 
 communication with the nations dwelling 
 high up the Miflburi, to deprive them of 
 ammunition and arms, and thus keep them 
 fubfervient to themfelves. In the winter 
 t they are cliiefly on the banks of the Mif- 
 fouri and mafl"acre all who fall into their 
 hand=. There are a number of nations at 
 a diftance from the banks of the Miflburi, 
 to the N and S, concerning whom but lit- 
 tle information has been received. Re- 
 turning to the Miflifippi and afcending it 
 from the MilTouri, about 75 leagues above 
 the mouth of the latter, the River Moin- 
 gona or Rivitre de Moine enters the Mif- 
 lifippi on the W fide, and on it are fituat- 
 ed the Ayoas, a nation originally from the 
 Miflburi, fpeaking the language of the O- 
 tachatas ; it conlifled of 200 warriors, be- 
 fore the fmallpox lately raged among 
 them. The Saes and Renards dwell on tho 
 Milliiippi, about 300 leagues above St, 
 Louis, and frequently trade with it ; they 
 live together and confided of 500 warriors; 
 their chief trade is with Michilimakir.ac, 
 and they have always been peaceable and 
 friendly. The other nations on the Mif- 
 fifippi, higher up, are but httle knov/n to 
 us. The nations of the MilTouri, though 
 cruel, treacherous, and iniblent, may 
 doubtlefs be kept in order by the United 
 St.ites, if proper regulations are adopted 
 'vith refpecfl: to them. It is faid that no 
 treaties have been entered into by Spain 
 with the Indian nations weftward of the 
 Miflifippi, and that its treaties with the 
 Creeks, ChocStaws, &c. are in efFedl fuper- 
 ceded by our treaty with that power of the 
 ayth Qiftober, 1795." il'td. 
 
 " CnHivation of Sugar. The fugar cane 
 may be cultivated between the river 
 Ibberville and the city, on b )th fides 
 of the river, and as far baclc as the 
 fwamps. Below the city, however, the 
 lands decline fo rapidly that beyond 15 
 miles the foil is not well adapted to it. 
 Above the Ibberville the cane would be 
 afre«fled by the cold, and its produce 
 would therefore be uncertain. Withii^ 
 thefc limits the beft planters admit that 
 one quarter of the cvdtivated lands of any 
 ronfulerable plantation may be planted 
 in cane, one quarter left in pafturc, and 
 the remaining half employed for provif- 
 ions, &c. and a referve for a change of 
 crons. One FariUyn Arpeot of i8ca 
 
 feet 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 feet fquare may be expedej^ to pro- 
 duce on an average, laoo weight cf fu- 
 gar,and 50 gallons of rum. From the above 
 data, admitting that both fides of the river 
 are planted for yo miles in extent and 
 about |ths of a mile in depth, it wid re- 
 fult that the annual produvfl may amount 
 in round numbers, to 25,000 hogflieads of 
 fugar, with 12,000 puncheons of rum. 
 Tak-ing f inftead of { of the lands 
 fit for fugar, it is thought the produce of 
 the whole would be 50,000, inftead of 
 '25,000 hogllieads of fugar. The following 
 quantitiei of fugar, brown, clayed and re- 
 fined, have been imported into the U. S. 
 from Ivouiiiana and the Floridas, viz. 
 In 1799 - - 773,54a /^. 
 1800 - - 1,560,865 
 i8oi - - 967>6i9 
 i8ca - *i,5 765933" 
 
 *« From Point Coupee down to the gulf of 
 Mexico, the fugar cane anfwcrs at prefent 
 better than any other article ; and fugar 
 has within a few years paft become the 
 llaple commodity of that part of the Mif- 
 fifippi. Below New Orleans are 14, and 
 above 64 fugar plantations, averaging an- 
 nually about 75,ooolbs. of fugar, befide 
 a proportionable quantity of rum and 
 molalles. It is efiimated that at leaft 
 1000 fugar plantations may be made 
 equal to thofe now ufed as fuch, which 
 might turn out annually 75,000 hogi- 
 heads, of looo pounds weight each, be- 
 fide a proportionable quantity of rum 
 and molalles." Sio/ey. 
 
 «* Itnports and Exports. 1 he productions 
 of Louifiana are, fugar, cotton, indigo, 
 rice, furs, and peltry, lumber, tar, pitch, 
 lead, flour, horfes, and cattle. Pf)pulation 
 alone is wanting to multiply th,em to an 
 aftonifliiog degree. The foil is fertile, 
 the climate falubrioas, and the means of 
 communication between mofl: parts of the 
 province certain, and by v/ater. The 
 foUowiag has been received as a fketch of 
 the prefent exports of J.ouifiana, viz. 
 Ddlars. 
 
 i,;.{4 4,ooo m- 
 crcaling. 
 
 30,000 bales of cot- 
 ton, of 3cvvt. each, 
 at 4o cents per lb. 
 
 4500 cafks of fugar. -^ 
 
 10 cwt. each, at 6 C 30X5400 
 cents per lb. j 
 
 too do. molafle6,7 
 100 galls, each. 5 
 
 32,000 
 
 ditto. 
 
 ditto. 
 
 ludigo, 
 
 lOOjOOO 
 
 ■diminifh- 
 
 ,iograp- 
 
 .idly. 
 
 Peltry, - - aoo,coo 
 Lumber, - - 80,000 
 Lead, corn, horfes, and 
 
 cattle, uncertain, 
 All other articles, fup- 
 
 pofe lOOjOOO 
 
 2,i58;000 
 
 According to official returns in the 
 Treafury of the United States, there were 
 imported into our territory from Louifia- 
 na and the Florida*, merchandife to the 
 following amounts, in the feveral years 
 preiixeJ. 
 
 JUoiicrs. 
 In 1799 to tie value of 507,132 
 i8co - - 904,322 
 
 looi - - 956,635 
 
 1802 - I;OC6,2I4 
 
 According to the f^me authority, which 
 makes the total of the exports to amount 
 to 2,158,000 dollars, the imports, in mer- 
 chandife, plantation utenfils, (laves, &c, 
 amount to two and an half millions, the 
 difference being made up by the money 
 introduced by the goYernmcnt, to pay the 
 expenies of governing and protedling the 
 colony. Acc(;rding to the returns in 
 the Treafury of the United State", ex- 
 ports have been made to Lonifiana and 
 the Floridas, to the following amount in 
 the years prefixed. 
 
 In 1799 to the value of 
 
 3,056.268 in foreign articles. 
 447,824 in domelUc do. 
 
 Dollars, 3^504 .09^ 
 
 In 1800 S»,795,i'^7 in foreign articles, 
 t 240,662 m domeltic do. 
 
 Ddlars, 2,035,789 
 
 In 1801 S ^'7/0:794 in foreign articles. 
 t 137,204 in domeitjc do. 
 
 Ddlariy 1,907,998 
 
 In,So2 JW4,6ccI 
 l 170. no 1. 
 
 in foreign articles, 
 in domcftic do. 
 
 Delia 
 
 i,:.a.i 710 
 
 It is to be obfcrved that if the total of 
 the imports and experts into ajnd from 
 thcfe provinces (of which the two Flori- 
 das are but a very unimportant part, 
 with rtfpcdt to both) be as above fuppof- 
 ed, viz. 
 
 Imports 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 Imports, 
 Exports, - 
 
 2,^00,000 dollars. 
 a,ij8,ooo 
 
 Making together 4,658,000 
 The duty of fix per cent ought alone to 
 produce the grofs ium of 0.79,480 dolls, 
 and that the difference between that fum 
 and its a6lual net produce, arifes partly 
 from the imperfedl taritl' by which the 
 value of mcrchandifc is afcertained, but 
 principally from the fmuggling, which is 
 openly countenanced by molt of the rev- 
 enue officers." Jeffcrfon. 
 
 "• M. mil failures. There are but few do- 
 meftic manufad:ures. The Acadians 
 TnanufacSture a little cotton into quilts 
 and cottonades ; and in the remote parts 
 of the province, the poorer planters fpln 
 and V. cave fome negro cloths of cotton 
 and wool mixed. There is one machine 
 iax: fpinnlng cottcm in the parlla of Ibbcr- 
 vilie, and another in the 0[)eloufas ; but 
 they do little or nothing, in the city, 
 btfide the trades which are abfolutely 
 neccfiiry, there is a confulerable manu- 
 iailure of cordage, and fonie fmali ones 
 of fliot and hair powder. There arc 
 l.kewiic in and within a few leagues of the 
 town 1 2 diflilleries for making taSIa,which 
 vsz laid to difiil annually a very confider- 
 :;h!c quantity ; and i fugar reFmcry, faid to 
 make about 200,000 lbs. of loaf fugar." ihlJ. 
 *' Navigation employed in the trade of the 
 Province. In -ihc year 1802, there enter- 
 ed the Mifliiippi a68 vefTels of all defcrip- 
 tion-, 18 of wiiieh were public armed vef- 
 lels, and the remainditr merchantmcnt, as 
 follows, viz. 
 
 AuK-r"c:in. Sj;aiufli. French. 
 SJiipi, 48 14 
 
 Brigs, 63 17 I 
 
 FoIacrc3 - 4 
 
 Schooners, 50 61 
 
 •Sloops, (; I 
 
 97 
 
 Pokicres,. - 
 
 1 ,8 
 Schooners, 3 
 
 3 I in ballaft Ci* 
 
 ^30^ i04 
 
 2i 
 
 Tuns. " ' Total. 
 
 J 05 Amerlcius 138 
 Spiiiiiih 10+ 
 French ^ 
 
 9753 
 Turn. 
 
 9753 
 3 105 
 
 G'\Tn' fi:tjl, ?6 1; 31 ,241 
 The tonnage of the veflels which went a-' 
 \vay in ballaft, and that of the public arm- 
 ed fliips, are not included in the foregoing, 
 account ; thefe latter carried away mails, 
 yards, f[.ars, pitch, tar, &c. at lead loo'o 
 tons. In the firfl: 6 months of the prefent 
 year, there entered the Miffifippi 173 fail, 
 of all nations, 4 of which were public arni- 
 ed veffels, viz. a French ahd a Spaniih, 
 wh.ofe tonnage is not enumerated 
 ' "' ■ '■■ Spanh.'i. T " 
 
 Amen 
 Ships, 
 
 rolacres 
 Sch'rs, 
 
 'iloops. 
 
 5396 
 5701 
 
 5080 
 
 French. 
 
 4^0 2 
 
 J187 7 
 
 167 
 
 Tonu 
 jrx>2 
 
 878 
 
 Total, 170 
 Of the number of American veflels, 23 
 lliips, 25 brigs, i9fchooners, and 5 floops 
 came in ballall, the remainder were whol- 
 ly, or in part laden. I'ive Spanifli flilps 
 and 7 fchooners came in ballaft. The 
 united tonnage of all th.c flripplug that en- 
 tered the river, cxclutive of the public 
 armed vefll^IsjWas 33.7-15 rcgifler tons. In 
 the fame year tluere failed from the Mifli- 
 JippI 265 fail, viz. 
 
 Aii-i-ic.iii. T'ins. Spjnlsh. Tom. 
 
 r\'^r:, .-n ; iabaU-il H<;72 lir; -;714 
 
 ;'.ri 's, s'-^. 7;i6 22 I in b;iH;(ft n;].| 
 
 3V6 
 
 I In h-All ift 
 
 J747 
 
 Total, 93 13,264 38 ;f;£7 22 2804 
 
 fuui ' of Ships. Total of Tom . 
 
 American, 93 ■ i'^,2()\ 
 
 Spaniih, 58 7087 
 
 I'rench, 22 5804 
 
 (-rnnid Total, 173 2^,155 
 
 In the f rmc 6 months there failed from 
 the Mifrifippi 156 vefTels, vix. 
 
 Aiiuric.ui. Sp^-"'sh. French. 
 
 Ship?:, 2r 18 2 
 
 F. i s, ■j'i- 3 1 
 
 Po] acres, 4 
 
 Schooners, 17 26 5 
 
 Sloops, 2 I 
 
 68 So 8 
 
 " Learning. There are no colleger, and 
 but one public f'chool, which is at New 
 Orleans. The mailers of this are paid by 
 the king. They teach the Spanifh lair- 
 guage only. There are a few private 
 ichools for children. Not more than half 
 of the inhabitai:is are fuppofed to be able 
 to read and write, of whom not more 
 than 200 perhaps are able to do it 
 well. In general the learning of the in- 
 habitants does not extend beyond thofe 
 two arts ; though they feem to be endow- 
 ed with a good natural genius, and an un- 
 common facility of learning whatever 
 they vmdertake." ibid. 
 
 " The Church. The clergy confifls of a. 
 blfliop, vVho doer, not refide in the prov- 
 ince, and whofe lalary of 400® dollar* 
 is charged Cn the revenue of certain billr- 
 oprieks in Mexico and Cuba ; 2 canona 
 having each afalaiy of 600 dollars, ani 
 25 curates, 5 for the city of New Orleans, 
 and 20 for as many country pariflies, wh» 
 receive each from 360 to 480 dollars a 
 year. Thofc falarles, except that of the 
 biiliop, together with an allowance for 
 facriftans and chapel cxpcufes, are paid 
 
 by 
 
LOU 
 
 LOX 
 
 i&y the treafury at New Orleans, and 
 amount annually to 13,000 dollars. There 
 is alfo at that place a conveat of UrfuHnes 
 to which is attached about looo acres of 
 land, rented out in three plantations. 
 7'he nuns ate now in number not more 
 than 10 or la, and are all French. There 
 were foimerly about the fame number of 
 Spanifli ladies belonging to the order; 
 but they retired to Havanna durijig the 
 period when it was expected that the 
 province would be transferred to France. 
 Tiie remaining nuns receive young ladies 
 as boarders and indrucl them in reading, 
 writing, and needle work. They have 
 always acSted withgreat propriety, and are 
 generally refpected and beloved through- 
 out the province. With the aillftance of 
 an annual allowance of 600 dollars from 
 the treafury, they always fupport and ed- 
 ucate twelve female orphans." Jcffetfon, 
 
 InDeccmberi8o3,Louinana was, in due 
 form,,deliveredbythecomm!lTaries of Spain 
 to the commifliouer ot France, Mon. Lauf- 
 fat wlio delivered it over to the com- 
 niiflioners of the United States, Gov. 
 Clalrborne and Gen. Wilkinlbn, on the 
 50ch day of the fame month. Gov. Clair- 
 borne being duly inveflcd by the PreG- 
 dcnt with the powers iieretofore exercif- 
 cd by the Governor and Intendant of 
 X^ouifiana, alTumed the government on the 
 fame day, and for the maintenance of law 
 and order immediately iffued his procla- 
 loation. This immenfe addition of Terri- 
 tory to the United States, forms an im- 
 portant epoch in our hiftory. What 
 will be the efFedt upon the government, 
 union, and happinel's of our country, can- 
 not be forefecn. Conjedlures are various. 
 Time will be continually unfolding the 
 confequences of this great event. All 
 muft contemplate them with folicitude for 
 the honor and welfare of the nation. 
 
 Louijlown, in Talbot co. Maryland, lies 
 «n theW fideofTuckahoe creek, 4 miles N 
 of King's Town, and 7 or 8 N E of Eafton. 
 
 LouifvHle, a port of entry, and pod 
 town of Kentucky, and chief of Jetferfon 
 «o. plcafantly fituated on the E fide of 
 the Ohio, on an elevated handfome plain, 
 above the Rapids, nearly oppofitc Fort 
 Penny. It commands a delightful prof- 
 petSt of the river and the adjacent coun- 
 try^ but its imhealtliinefs, owing to ftag- 
 nated waters back of the town, has con- 
 fiderably retarded its growth. It confifts 
 of 3 principal ftreets, and contains about 
 100 houfes, 350 inhabitants, a court 
 Mpufe iiAd j^ao^ It is 3S miici from 
 
 Sairdflfcwn, 83 from Danville, 40 "W of 
 Frankfort, and 623 from Wafliington. 
 
 LnuifuUle^ the prefcnt feat of govern- 
 ment of Georgia, fituated in JefFcrfon co. 
 in the lower diftti<n: of the State, on the 
 N E bank of the Great Ogeechec river, 
 70 miles from its mouth. It contains a 
 ftatc houfe, a tobacco warehoufe, and up- 
 ward of 40 dwelling houlcs. Large 
 cjuaptities of tobacco are infpctftcd here, 
 and boated down to Sav;'nnu!i. Thd 
 «r-nventiun for t^ic revifal of the confti- 
 tution fat in t'nis town in May, 1795, 
 appointed the records to be removed, and 
 the legiflature to meet here in future. A 
 college, Vv'ith liberal endowments, is in 
 flituted in this vicinity. It is 5a miles S 
 Eof Augufta, and ico N W of Savannah. 
 
 LouifiaJe, Land of, difcovered and nam- 
 ed by Eougainville in 1768, is probablv 
 a chain of iflands, forming a fouth eaflcra 
 continuation t)f New Guinea. The coafb 
 feen by the Dutch Geelivink Yacht in 
 1705, is a fmall diftance N of Louifiade. 
 
 Louth TuwiifAp, L CO. U. Canada, lies \V" 
 of Grantham, and fronts lake Ontario. 
 
 Love Gov,', a fine opening W of Wiialc 
 Cove, in New North Wf<les. 
 
 Lcviirs Pond, in N. Hampfhire, lies at 
 the head of the eaftern branch of Salmon 
 Fall riven 
 
 Lcvell, a town in York co. Maine, N of 
 Great Offipec, 89 miles N of York. 
 
 Loiwille, a pofc town in Oneida co. N. 
 York, 550 miles from Vv^aOnngton. 
 
 Lower Allozvays Creek, a townfllip ia 
 Salem co. N. Jerfey. 
 
 Loiver Dublin, a townfl^ip In Philadel'* 
 phia CO. Pennfylvania, having 1495 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Lotver Landing, or Jj.aji Landing, on Ni- 
 agara river, U. Canada, is oppofite t& 
 Queenflown on the Niagara Fort fide. 
 
 Loiver Milford, a townfliip in Buck*« 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Loiver Marlborough, a poft town In Ma- 
 ryland, 30 miles from Annapolis, and I a 
 from Calvert court houfe. 
 
 Loiver Penns Ntck, a tovvufliip iu Sa- 
 lem CO. N. Jerfey. 
 
 Loiver Weau toivns. In the Territory 
 N W of the Ohio, lie ao miles below Rip- 
 pacanoe creek, at its mouth in WabaHi 
 river. 
 
 Loivhill, a townfliip In Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, having 545 Inhabitants. 
 
 Loxa, a town of Quito in Peru, at the 
 head of a N W branch of Amazon river, 
 ai J miles N E of Paita, and N W of Bor- 
 ja» It is the capital of a juriXdi^aion of 
 
 the 
 
LOU 
 
 LOU 
 
 tliefamc name, and lies in lat. 5 10, S. 
 lo;i. 77 10 W. Bcfidc i churches, it has 
 i'cveral religioiLs foundations ; as, a col- 
 lege inllituttd by ths Jefuits, an hofpital, 
 vith 14 villages in its diflritSl. The ju- 
 rilditflion of the fame name produces the 
 famous fpecific for intermittent fevers, 
 called Cafcarilla de Logo Quinquina, or 
 Tciuit's bark. Oi it there are feveral 
 kinds, but one more efficacious than the 
 others. Here alio they are employed in 
 breeding cochineal. The inhabitants of 
 liOJa, called alfo Lojanus, do not exceed 
 10,000 fouls, though formerly far more 
 numerous. Large droves of horned cat- 
 tle and mules are bred licre. Carpets 
 ;ire alfo manufadturd here of remarkable 
 iinenefs. 
 
 Loyalfocl Creti, in Northumberland co. 
 Pcnnfylvania, em[)ties into the W fide of 
 the branch of Sufquehanna river, from 
 the N E, a few miles R of Lycoming 
 Creek, a6 from Sunbury, meafuring in a 
 flraight line, and about 170 from Phila- 
 delphia. The lands from this to Sunbu- 
 ry are amonc; the higheft and of the befl 
 quality, and in the healthiefl fituation in 
 the ftate. It is navigable 20 or 30 miles 
 lip for batteaux of 10 tons. 
 
 Lucan'js, a jurifilid:ion in the dlocefe of 
 Guamanga, in Peru. It begins about 25 
 or 30 leagues S W of Guamanga. Its 
 temperature is cold and moderate. It 
 abounds with cattle, grain and fruit; and 
 has alfo lilver mines ; and is the centre 
 of a very large commerce. 
 
 Lucar, Fort Sf. lies on the N E coad of 
 Brazil ; about half way between the city 
 of Scara and Rio Grande. 
 
 Lucar, Cape St. or Lucas. The S E end 
 of the peninfula of California is fo named. 
 Lucayiit or Bahama IJlands. See Bahama. 
 Lucaya^ one of the Bahama lOands, 
 about 70 leagues E of the coaft of Flori- 
 da, and 6 from Bahama Ifle. It is about 
 9 leagues long and % broad, and gives 
 name to the whole range. N lat. 27 17, 
 W Ion. 78 5. 
 
 Lucayoncque^ another of the Bahama 
 ides, which lies about 9 leagues further 
 E than the fonner ; whofe length is a8 
 leagues and breadth 3, and lies N and S. 
 Lucea^ a harbour on the N fide of the 
 idand of Jamaica, in Hanover parilli, be- 
 tween Great Cove and Mofquito Cove, 
 it is land locked and has excellent an- 
 chorage ; li or 16 miles N E of Negril. 
 
 Luda, St. a river of E. Florida, runs S 
 E along the E fide of the peninfula ; and 
 communicates inland with Indian river. 
 It has 6 fctt v.'ater as far as the T«rtolas, 
 
 where are hilly knowls. A branch join* 
 it from the S. 
 
 Lucid, St. cAUdi by the French, Sainte 
 Aloufie, from its having been difcovered 
 on St. Lucia's day ; one of the Caril^bc 
 Iflands, 6 leagues S of Martinico, and at 
 N W of Barbadoes. It is about 27 mile* 
 long from N to S, and 1% broad. Here 
 arc feveral hiiLs, 2 of which being very 
 round and fteep, are called the Pins' head 
 of St. Lucy, and were volcanoes. At the 
 foot of them are line vallies, having a 
 good foil -and well watered. In thelc arc 
 tall trees, with the timber of which the 
 planters of Martinico aud Barbadoes 
 build their houfi 3 and wind mills. Here 
 is alio plency of cocoa and fuftic. 1 he 
 air is reckoned healthy, the hills not be- 
 ing fo high as to intercept the trade 
 winds, which always fan it from the E, 
 by which means the heat of the chmatc 
 is moderated and rendered agreeable. 
 In St. I^ucia are feveral commodious bays 
 and harbours, with good anchorage, par- 
 ticularly the Little Careenage, one of the 
 prnicipal inducements for the French to 
 prefer it to the other neutral iflands. 
 'i'his port ha^i feveral noted advantages ; 
 there is everywhere depth enough, and 
 the quality of the bottom is excellent. 
 I Nature has formed there three careening 
 j places, which do not want a key, and re- 
 ! quire nothing but a capflern to turn the 
 j keel above ground. Thirty fliips of the 
 { line might lie there fl\elteied from hur- 
 j ricanes, without the trouble of being 
 j moored. The boats of the country 
 wh'ch have been kept a long time in this 
 I harbour, have never been eaten by the 
 I worms ; however, they do nor expe(5t 
 j that this advantage v.-ill laH:, vvhatever 
 be the caufe. For the other harbours, 
 the winds are always good to go out with, 
 and the largeft fquadron might be in the 
 offing in I els than an liour. There are 9 
 pariflies in the iHand, 8 to the leeward, 
 and only one to the windward. Ihis 
 preference given to one part of the ifland 
 more than another, does not proceed 
 from the fuperiority of the foil, but from 
 the greater or iefs conveniency in fend- 
 ing out or receiving fliip?. A high road 
 is made round the ifland, and two others 
 which crofs it from E to W, afford all 
 manner of facilities to carry the com- 
 modities of the plantations to the barca- 
 deres, or landing places. In January 
 1769, the free inhabitants of the ifland 
 amounted to 2524; the flaves to 10,270, 
 It had m cattle 598 mules and horfes, 
 iS 19 liorncd bcaila, and 2378 fliccp. Its 
 pUntsLtreas 
 
LUN 
 
 LUN 
 
 plantations \vere 1,379,680 plants of co- 
 coa ; 2,463,880 of coflce ; 681 fquarea 
 of cotton ;and 254 of I'ugar canes ; there 
 were 16 fugar works going on, and 18 
 neiriy completed. Its produce yielded 
 ^iiZ,ooo, which by improvement mioht 
 be jncreafcd to ^500,000. I'he Etv^Viili 
 firft fettled in this ifland in 1637. From 
 this time they met with various nii&for- 
 tunes from the natives and French ; and 
 at length it was agreed on between the 
 latter and the Englilli, that this ifland, 
 together with Dominica and St. Vincent, 
 iliould remain neutrat. But the French, 
 before the war of 1756 broke out, began 
 to fettle thefe iflands, which by the treaty 
 of peace were yielded up to Great Brit- 
 ain, and this ifland to France. The Brit- 
 ifli made thcmfeives mafter of it in 1778 ; 
 but it was reftored again to the French 
 in 1783 ; and retaken by the Britifli in 
 I794. St. I-ucia had 900 of its inhabit- 
 ants dcftroVed by an earthquake, Ool. 
 iz, 178^. It is 63 miles N W of Barba- 
 does. N lat. i4,Wlon. 61. 
 
 LitJloiv^ a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 Madachufetts, S of Qranby, 10 miles N 
 K of Springfield, and 90 W of Bofton. It 
 was incorporated in 1784, and contains 
 650 inhabitants. 
 
 Lud'.o'u), a townflup on Black river, 
 Wlndfor co. Vermont. It contains 410 
 inhabitants, and is about 10 or 12 miles 
 W of Wcathersficld, on Conncaicut R. 
 
 Lue, St. the chief town of the captain- 
 fliip of Petagues, in the N divilion of 
 Brazil. 
 
 Luke, St. a parlfli in Ikaufort diftricSV, 
 S. Carolina. 
 
 Lumberion^ a pofl: tov/n of N. Carolina, 
 and capital of Robefon co. on Drowning 
 creek, 3^ miles S of Fayetteville, and ^2> 
 S by W of Raleigh. It has a court houfe 
 and about 30 dwelling houfes. 
 
 Lunenburg^ a county of Virginia, a d- 
 joining Nottaway, Brunfwick, Mecklen- 
 burg, and Charlotte counties. It is about 
 30 miles long, and 20 broad, and contains 
 4505 free inhabitant?, and 5876 Haves. 
 At the court houfe is a poft office. 
 
 Lunenburg, a townlliip in Eifcx CO. in 
 Vermont, on ConneAicut river, S W of 
 Guildhall, and N E of Concord. The 
 river takes a S E courfe along thcfe towns, 
 feparating them from Lancafter, Dalton, 
 and Littleton, in the State of N. Hamp- 
 iliire. The Upper Bar of the Fifteen 
 mile Falls is oppofitc this town. The 
 Cat Eow, a bend of the ConnecSVicut, is 
 i.ear the middle of the town. The Up- 
 
 per Bar lies in lat. 44 ar 30. The towTt- 
 fliip contains 393 inhabitants. 
 
 Lunenburg, a towufhip of Worcefter co. 
 Maflachufctts, on an elevated fituacion, 
 25 miles from the Great Monadnock 
 mountain in N. Ilampfliire, 12 from 
 Watchufett mount'iin in this ccnuity, and 
 45 miles N W of Bofton. It contains 
 14,000 acres of laud, on which are 1*43 
 inhabitants ; and is much more remark- 
 able for the health than the wealth of its 
 pofTelTors. The people have little trade 
 or intercourfe wirh the neighbouring 
 country, and live a i'olitary but indepen- 
 dent life. The nailing butiu^fs is carried 
 on to advantage. There is a hill in the 
 middle of the towniliip, called Turl-fy 
 Hill, on account of the great number of 
 wild turkics which formerly Irtqueuted 
 the place, and which denominated the 
 whole trai5l previous to its incorporation 
 in 1728 ; when its prefcnt name was giv- 
 en to it, in compliment to king George 
 II. who was ftyled Duke of l.uneijburg, 
 from a town in his'German dominions. 
 
 Lunenburg, now Iy'j!eraj;zi:,a. town of N. 
 York, Green co. on the W lide of Hud- 
 fon's river, oppofite to the city of Hud- 
 fon, and 30 miles S of Albany. It is a 
 thriving village of about 20 or 30 houfes, 
 chieHy new, with a nccU Dutch church, 
 ftandiugon the bank of the river. A new 
 road is cutting from this village into the 
 ftttlenients on the upper branches of thr 
 Delaxvare and Sufquehanna rivers, whicU 
 will probably prove highly beneficial to 
 the town. A number of the MeflVs. I..iv- 
 ingflons havepurchafed land in and about 
 this village, to the amount of ;(,io,ooo, 
 and have laid out a regular town, which, 
 will be a rival to Kaats' Kill, 5 miles be- 
 low. The fcite of the town is uneven, 
 and not of a very good foil. 
 
 Lunenburg, a county of Nova Scotia, on 
 Mahone Bay, on the S coaft of the prov- 
 ince, facing the Atlantic Ocean. Its chief 
 towns are New Dublin, Lunenburg, Chef- 
 ter, and Blandford. In Mahone Bay, La 
 Have,' and Liverpool, fevcral fliips trade 
 to Enghmd vv^ith timber and boards. Chef- 
 ter is fettled by a few Nev/ England fam- 
 ilies and others : from hence to Windfor 
 is a road the diftance of 25 miles. 
 
 Lunenburg, a townlliip in the above 
 county, lltuated on Mcrliqueth, or Merli- 
 guafli Bay, well fettled by a num.ber of 
 induflrious Germans. The lands are 
 good, and generally well cultivjtted. It 1$ 
 3S niiles s\v by S of Halifax, and 27 N 
 by li of Liverpool. 
 
LYM 
 
 L YK 
 
 Lur^itn, a. townflilp in Franklin c«. 
 Pcnnfylvania. It has 758 inhabitants. 
 
 LntierdL', au iilaud in Machias Bay, 
 Maine. 
 
 Lutterlociy a tovvnfliip in Orleans co. 
 Vennont, N of Craftfbo rough. Hazen's 
 E.oad, which extends S S E to the Oxbow 
 on ConnciSticut river, paiTes through Lut- 
 terlock. It has x^ inhabitants. 
 
 Luzerne, a large county of Pennfylva- 
 nla, bounded N by Tioga county, in N. 
 York, E and 3 E by Northampton, W by 
 Lycoming and Northumberland counties. 
 It is about 79 miles in length from N to 
 6, and 75 in breadth from E to W, and is 
 divided into 19 townilTiips. In this coun- 
 ty are 2 churches, 33 fiiw mills, 24 grift 
 mills, a fulling mills, and i oil mill. The 
 number of inhabitants is 12,839. A great 
 part of the county is barren where remote 
 from rivers. It is well watered by the E 
 branch of Sufquehannah river and its 
 tributaries, which furnifli numerous and 
 excellent mill feats. The foil near the 
 j"iver is remarkably fertile, producing 
 good crops of wheat, flax, and hemp. The 
 N parts abound with pine, timber and fu- 
 gar maple. In the townlliips of Wilkf- 
 barre, Kingfton, Exeter, and Plymouth 
 are large beds of coal. Coal and Bog iron 
 is found in ieveral places, and two forges 
 have been eredted. In this county are 
 many remains of ancient fortifications. 
 They arc of an eliptical form, and over- 
 grown with large white oak trees. Chief 
 town, Wilkiharre. 
 
 Lyeovtittgy a county in the N AV part of 
 Pcnnfylvania, bounded N by the State of 
 N- York, and W by Alleghany county. It 
 is 150 miles long, 86 broad, being the 
 Jargeft in the State. The principal rivers 
 are the Sufquehanna, Tyoga, Lycoming, 
 Luyalfuc, Sinnemahoniug, Alleghany, To- 
 by's, Sandy Lick, Pine, and Mohulbuc- 
 tum. The N and W parts are unfetiled. 
 It is divided into 10 tovvnfliips and con- 
 tains 5414 uihabitants. 
 
 Lycoming-, a Creek which runs S, and 
 empties into the W branch of Sufquchan- 
 «a, a few miles W of Loyalfock Creek. 
 See Loyalfock. 
 
 Lycomingy a village in Pennfylvania, 40 
 miles from Northumberland, and dd from 
 the Painted Poll in the State of N. York. 
 
 Lyman, a townflilp in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfhire, fituated at the foot of a moun- 
 tain on the E fide of Connecticut river, 
 between Littleton and Bath, and 7 miles 
 W by N of New Concord, It was incorpo- 
 usted iiU 7 6 1 , aad contains SZi inhabitants. 
 
 Lyman, a town in the county of Y»rlcj 
 Maine, (formerly Coxhall,) N of Wells, and 
 E of Alfred, adjoining each. 
 
 Lymcy a town in Grafton co. N. Hamp- 
 fhire. See Lyme. 
 
 Lyme, a poft town in New London co. 
 Connecticut, the Ncbantick of the Indians, 
 is on the E fide of Connecticut river, at 
 its mouth ; bounded S by Long Ifland 
 Sound, N by liaddam and Colchetler, and 
 E by N. London. It was fettled about the 
 year 1664, and was incorporated in May 
 1667. Here are three pariflies, befide 
 a congregation of Separatifts, and another 
 of Bapdli-,. It contains 4380 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Lynchburg, a poft town of Virginia, ia 
 Bedford co. on the S fide of James river, 
 nearly oppofite to Maddifon, and one mile 
 diftant. Here are about 100 houfes, and 
 a large ware houfe for the infpevftion of 
 tobacco. There is alfo a printing office 
 which ilTues a weekly gazette. In the vi- 
 cinity of the town are feveral valuable 
 merchant mills. It is 12 miles from New 
 London, 23 from Cabelliburg, 50 from 
 Prince Edward's court honfe, 150 W by 
 N of Richmond, and 408 S W of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Lyncbvilh; a pofl town Marion co. S. 
 Carolina, 450 miles from Waflnngton. 
 
 Lymfeborough, a townfliip in Hillfborough 
 CO. N. Hampfliire, about 70 miles from 
 Portfmouth. It was incorporated in the 
 year 1764. It contains 976 inhabitants. 
 
 Lyndon, a townihip in Caledonia co. 
 Vermont, lies N of St. Johnfljury, and S 
 of Billymead and Burke. It contains 622 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Lynn,{Sagtis of the Indians) a maritime 
 pofl. town in ElTex co. MafTachufetts, on 
 a bay which fets up from that of A'lafla,' 
 chufctts, N E of Bofl:on Bay, and about 9 
 miles N by E of the town of Bofton. The 
 eomi)adt part of the town forms a very 
 long flreet. The townfliip was incorpo- 
 rated in 1637, and contains 2837 inhabit- 
 ants. Here are two pariflies, befide a 
 fociety of Methodifts, and a large number 
 of Friends. The bufinefs which makes 
 the greatefl: figure, and for which the 
 town of Lynn is celebrated, is the manu- 
 facfture of women's fiik and cloth flioes. 
 Thefe are difpofed of at Bofton, Salem, 
 and other commercial tovyns, and fold for 
 home ufe, or fliipped to the Southern 
 States, and to the \V. Indies. By a calcu- 
 lation made in 1802, it appeared that more 
 than 400,000 pair of flioes were made in 
 this town. Lynn Beach maybe reckoned 
 a curiufity. 
 
'MAC 
 
 M A C 
 
 dTitiiofity. it is a mile in length, and 
 conneAs the peninfula called Nahant with 
 the main laud. This is a place of much 
 refort for parties of pleafure froin Bofton, 
 Charledown, Salem, Marblehead, B<c. in 
 the fummer feafon. The beach is ufed as 
 a race grouud, for which it is well calcu- 
 lated, being level, fmooth, and hard. A 
 mineral fpring has been difcovered with- 
 in the limits of the townlliip, but is of lit- 
 tle note. 
 
 Lynn Rk>ci\ Norfo'k co. U. Canada, rifcs 
 in the tovvmliip of Windham, and run- 
 ning from thence foutherly through the 
 township of Woodhoafe, empties itfelf in- 
 to Like Erie, where it has about 3 feet 
 water on the bar ; it is a good harbour 
 for batteaux. Smyth. 
 
 LynnjiAi, atownfliip inEflex co. MaJa- 
 chnfetts,N E of Salem, and 15 miles N by 
 E of Boflon. It was incorporated in 1782, 
 and contains 468 inhabitants. 
 
 Lynnhavcn Bay, at the S end of Chefa- 
 peak Bay, and into which Lynnhaven 
 river empties its Abaters, lies between the 
 mouth of Jam.s's river and Cape Henry. 
 The mouth of the river is 7 miles W of 
 Cnpe Henry. Here Comnte do Graffe 
 moored the principal part of the French 
 fleet, at the blockade of Yoik Tov/n in 
 1781. 
 
 Lyons., a village in Ontario co. tovi'nfliip 
 of Phelps, N. York, at the jund:ion of Mud 
 and Cauandarqixe Creeks, 16 miles N of 
 Geneva, and about 20 S of Sodus. This 
 village is fituated in a very fine country, 
 with excellent advantages for water con- 
 I'eyance, and received its name from the 
 finxilari^y of its fituation, to Lyous in 
 Francs. 
 
 LyfiirJer, a tov/nfliip in Onondago co. 
 N. York, incorpor:ated in 1794, and com- 
 prehends the military towns of Hannibal 
 and Cicero. The town meetings are held 
 at the Three Rivers in this town. It is 
 16 miles S E of Lake Ontario, and has 121 
 inhabitants. 
 
 I^yfray a fmall town in Nelfon co. Ken- 
 tucky, fituated on a W water of RolUng 
 Fork, a S branch of Salt river. N lat. 37 
 2J- 
 
 M. 
 
 M 
 
 AATE A, onaoithQ Society Iflands, 
 in the S. Sea, S lat. 17 52, W Ion. 148 t. 
 
 Macapa, a town on the N W bank of 
 Amazon river, W of Caviana ifland.at the 
 mouth of the river, and a fe\v minutes N 
 of the equino<5tinl line. 
 Voi, I. pp 
 
 Macas^ the fouthern dillritfl of Ouixos,a 
 government of Peru, bounded E by th'e 
 government of Mayna? ; .S by that of 
 Bracamoros and Yagnarfongo ; and oii 
 the W, the E Cordiliera of the Andes fep- 
 arates it from the jurifd Aions of Riobam- 
 ba and Guenca. Its capital is the city of 
 Macas, the name commonly given to the 
 whole country. It produces, m great 
 plenty, gr tin and fruits, copal, and wild 
 wax ; but the chief occupation of the 
 country people is the cultivation of tobac- 
 co. Sugar canes thrive alfo here, as .alf6 
 cotton ; but the dread of the wild Indians 
 prevents the inhabitants from planting 
 more than ferves for prefent ufe." Herfe 
 are cinnamon trees, faid to be of fuperior 
 quality to thnfe of Ceylon. There are al- 
 fo mines of ultra marine, from which very 
 little is extracted, but a finer colour can- 
 not be imagined. Among the vaft varie- 
 ty of trees which crowd the woods, is the 
 ftorax, whofe gum is exquiiitely fragran^, 
 buffcarce. 
 
 Mac G'ttlivrays Plantation, 0\\ Coofa riv- 
 er, is a little above the Old French fort 
 Alabamotis. ' 
 
 Machal.i, a tow^n of Guayaquil, on the 
 toaflof Tumbes, in Peru, in a declining 
 ftate. The jurifdicStion of the fame nam6 
 produces great quantities of cocoa, reck- 
 oned the bed in all Guayaquil. In its 
 neighbourhood are great numbers of man- 
 gles, or mangrove trees, whofe fpreading 
 branches and thick trunks cover all the 
 plains ; which lying low are frequcntl;*' 
 overflown. This tree divides itfelf into 
 very knotty and diftotted branches, and 
 from each knot a multitude of ©thcrs ger- 
 minate, forming an impenetrable thicket. 
 The wood of the mangrove tree is To hea- 
 vy, as to fmk in water, and when ufed in 
 fliips, iScc. is found very durable, being 
 fui'jedl neither to fplit or rot. The In- 
 dians of this jurifdiAion pay their annual 
 tribute in the wood of the mangrove 
 tree. 
 
 Machanvara, a river formed by the 
 jundlicn of feveral ftreams, ifiliing from 
 the S and W fides of the Panecillo or 
 Sugar Loaf mountain, on the S W fide 
 of Quito, in Peru. It waflies the S parts 
 of the city, and has a Hon- bridge over it. 
 
 Machhis, a port of entrV; pofi: town and 
 feat o' juftice, in WafKington co. Maine, 
 fituated on a bay of its own name, ao 
 miles S W of Paffamaquoddy, 95 E by N 
 of Penobfcot, and 236 N E of Portland, 
 in 47 37 N lat. It is a thriving place, 
 and carries on a confideraWe trade to 
 
 Boilo^ 
 
MAC 
 
 MAC 
 
 Bofton and the W. Indies in fifh, lumber, 
 &c. A regular port between this town ' 
 and Halifax, in Nova Scotia, has been 
 c^ftahlillied. The name of the town is 
 altered from the hidian name Mechiffes, 
 given to the river in the oldefl maps. It 
 is 400 miles NE of Bofton, and about 300 
 by water. Early attempts were made to 
 fettle here, but the firft permanent lettle- 
 jnent was irtade in i 763, by 15 perfons of 
 byth fexcs from Scarborough, in Cum- 
 berland co.and in 1784 the town was in- 
 corporated. The chief fettlements are 
 at tiie E and \V Falls, and at Middle riv- 
 er. Macf.K:!s River, -Ahev running a north 
 courfe, 6 miles dlfbmce from Crofs ill- 
 and, (which forms its entrance) feparates^ 
 at a place called the Rim ; one branch 
 taking a NE dire6tioiV; runs 2-;^ miles, 
 •with a width of 30 rods to the head of 
 the tide, where are two double faw mills, 
 and one grift miU: The main branch 
 runs a N W courfe, nearly 3 miles-, and is 
 70 rods wide, to the head of the tide, 
 where are two double and linglc faw 
 mills, and two grill mills. The chief fet- 
 tlement is at W Falls, the county courts; 
 being held and the gaol erected there. 
 The main channel of the river takes its 
 courfe to thefe falls, which, though crook- 
 ed and narrow, admits veflei^ of burden 
 to load at the wharves within 50 rods of 
 the mills. This advantage no other part 
 of tlic town can enjoy, 'i'he entrance of 
 Machias river is in N lat. 44 35, W Ion. 
 6656. The town is divided into 4 dil- 
 tritfls for thefupport of fchools ; and in- 
 to 2 for the convenience of public wor- 
 iliip.. In. 1792 Wafiiingtoii- academy was 
 cftablitbtd here. The general court in- 
 corporated a number of gcntlcnitn as 
 truibees, and gave for its fupport a town- 
 iliip'Of land. In 1790 the town con- 
 tained 818,, and in 1800, T014 inhabit- 
 ants. 'I'he exports of Machias conlifl" 
 principally of lumber, viz, boards, fliin- 
 gles, clapboards, laths, and various kinds 
 t)f hewed timber. The cod filbcry might 
 be carried on to advantage, though it 
 lias been greatly neglectcdv In 1793, 
 between 70 and 80 tons were employed 
 m the filhery ; and not above 500 quin- 
 tals were exported. The faw mills, of 
 which there are 17, cut on an average 
 three million feet of boards annually. A 
 great proportion of timber is ufually 
 fliipped in Britifli vefTcls. The total a- 
 mount of otports annually exceeds 
 15,000 dollars. From Machias Bay to 
 |he iiiuuth of St. Croix, there arc a grcAi 
 
 many fine iflands ; but the navrgattoa itf 
 gener<illy without thefe in the open fea. 
 In the year 1704, when Col. Church 
 made an attack on the French planta- 
 tion on the river Schoodiclc, he found 
 one Lutterelle,^ a French nobleman, oa 
 one of thefe iilands, and removed him. 
 The illand ftill retains his name. 
 
 JUjc Coivans Fftrd, on Catabaw river» 
 is upwards of 500 feet M^ide, and about 
 3 feet deep. Lord Cornwallis croffed 
 here in purfuit of the Americans in 1781, 
 in his way to Hillfl)orough. 
 
 Mac Intojh, a county in the I..ower dif- 
 trii5l of Georgia, between Liberty and 
 Glynn counties, on the Alatamaha river. 
 It is divided into 4 towns, and contain* 
 2660 inhabitants ; of whom 1819 are 
 (laves; 
 
 Mac Kenzie^s River ^ ill the N W part 
 of N. America, riles in Slave Lake, run*- 
 a N N W courfe, and receives a number 
 of large rivers, many of which are 2.50 
 yards wide, and iome arc xa fathonia 
 deep at the influx.. It empties into the 
 N. Sea, at Whale liland in lat. 69 14, 
 !>etween 130 and 135 W Ion. after a- 
 eoarfe of 780 miles from Slave Lalce. It 
 has its name from Mr. M'Kenzie, who 
 alcendcd this river in the lummer af 
 1789. He erecfted a poll with his name' 
 engraven on it, on. Whale Ifland, at the 
 mouth of this river. He faw there a num- 
 ber of men and canoes, alfo a numl)er of 
 animal's refembling pieces of ice, fuppofed 
 by him tobe whales ; probably fea horfeg, 
 deferil)ed by Captain Cook. The tide was 
 obferved to rife 16 or 18 inches. In fomc 
 places the current of the river makes a 
 hilling noife like a boiling pot. It paflea 
 through the ftony mountains, and has 
 great ])art of that range on the W fide. 
 The Indian nationsi inhabiting the W 
 fide from the Slave Lake are the Strong- 
 bow. A^bitntain, and Hare Indians ; thole 
 on the E iide, the Beaver, Inland, Nathana, 
 and Quarrelers. An account of Macken- 
 zie'.s difcoveries in thefe regions is given 
 inider the head of North A/ncricuy whick 
 fee. 
 
 MacoMh\ or Mac^hctch., River, Grtat^ 
 empties into the Mifllhppi from the N W 
 in N lat. 42 '.53. Little Macohdh fall* 
 tJirough the E bank of the MilTHippi, 
 about 45 miles above the mouth of Great 
 Macokeih, and oppofite to the old Lead 
 mise. 
 
 Macopin, a fmall river, vyhlch empties 
 into tJie Illinoi.*, from the S F), 18 miles 
 from lh# MilUnppi ; i$ ZQ yards wide, 
 
 and 
 
MAD 
 
 MAD 
 
 «ncl nivigable 9 miles to the hills. The 
 iliore is low on both (ides, clad with pec- 
 cau, maple, alh, button wood, &c. The 
 land abounds with timber, and is covered 
 with high weeds. 
 
 Jllacnriz, a I'mall river on the S fide of 
 llie illaud of St. Domingo ; .16 leagues E 
 of the city of St. Domingo. 
 
 AIjcun<yyj a towjjlhip in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, having 1844 inhabitants. 
 Mid, a river, called alfo P'ukaiva Fork, a 
 rapid branch of the great Miami, having 
 a 3 W courle. It is a beautiful ftreani, 
 paffing through a plcafant Jevel country 
 of the greated fertility. 
 
 Madame, IJL', forms the N E fide of the 
 Gut of Canfo, as you enter .from the S E, 
 and is oppofite to the eadern. extremity 
 of Nova Scotia. The N point of the ill- 
 and lies I4miles S>of St. Peter's harbour,in 
 Cape Breton iflaiid. The illes dc Madame 
 are dependent on Cape Breton iflaild. 
 
 MadLury, a to.wnfliip in Strafford co. 
 -N. Hampfliire, between Dover and Dur- 
 ham, about 10 miles N W of Portlmouth. 
 It was incorporated in 175J, and has 544 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Madtfon, a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ed N E by Culpepper, S by Grange,and W 
 by Shcn.indoah co. It is about 30 miles 
 fquare, watered by the Rapid Ann, and 
 Robfon rivers. It contains 48.86 free 
 inhabitants, and 3436 llavcs 
 
 Madifon, a county of Kentucky, ad- 
 joining Fayette, Clarke, Lincoln, aud 
 Mercer counties. It contains 10,380 in- 
 habitauts,,of whom i688 are flaves. Chief 
 lown, Milford. 
 
 Afjdijo-7, a i'mall poft town of Amherfl 
 CO. Virginia ; on the N llde of James's 
 river, oppofite Lynchburg. It hes 150 
 miles W by N of Richmond. 
 
 Madifon s Cave, the hirgefl and -moft 
 celebrated cave in Virginia, fituated on 
 the N fide of the Blue Ridge. It is in a 
 hill of about zoofeet perpendicular height, 
 tht" afcent of which, .on one fide is fo 
 ftecp, that you may pitch a bifcuit from 
 its fummit into the river which wafli^is 
 its bafe. The entrance of the cave is in 
 this fide, about two thirds of the way up. 
 It extends into the earth about 300'feet, 
 branching into fubordinate caverns, 
 fomet^'mes afcending a little, but more 
 generally defcending, and at length ter- 
 minates in two different places, at bafons 
 pf water of unknown extent, and which 
 appear to be nearly on a level with the 
 ^--aterof the river. The vault of this 
 cave is of foiid limcflonc, from %q to 40 
 
 or 50 feet liiglt, through which "Water U 
 continually cxudating. This trickling 
 down the fides of the cave, has incruftcd 
 them over in the form of elegant dra- 
 pery ; and dripping fr>>m the top of the 
 vault, generates on thi;t, and on the bale 
 below, ftalaOlites of a conical form, fomc 
 of which have met and formed lar4fc 
 maffy columne. 
 
 Madera, or Madeira, one of the largcft 
 branches of the tamous Maranon or riv- 
 er of Amazons, in S. America. In 1741, 
 the Portugucfe Jailed u,p this ftream,.tirt 
 they found thcml'clvcs near Santa Crur. 
 de la Sierra, between lat. .17 and 18 S. 
 From the mouth of this river in lat. 3 zo 
 S, the Maranon is known among the in- 
 habitants by the name of the river of 
 Amazons ; and upwards they give it the 
 name of the river of Solimoes. A.X. Loret- 
 to, the Madera Psceivc^ two branches 
 from the S. From Lnretto to Trinidad 
 in lat. 15 S, its courle is N ; thence to its 
 mouth its general courfe isNEby N and N. 
 
 Madrede Dos, Port. See C'ur.Jlietna^ St. 
 AKo R^folution Bay. 
 
 Madre de Popa, a town and cojivent of 
 Terra Firma in S. x\raerica-, fituutfeil on 
 the river Grande, or JVIagdalena. The 
 pilgrims in S. A:nprica relpccl this relig- 
 ious foundation wiili /eal, and relort to 
 it in great nun\bers ; many miraclestbeing 
 faid to have been wrought here -by tlie 
 Holy Virgin, in favour .of the Spanilh 
 fleets and their failoF«, who are there- 
 fore verv liberai in t-heir.donations at her 
 flirinc. It lies .^4 miles H of Carthageua, 
 N lat. 10 51, W Icn. ;'6 15. 
 
 Aiadrid, Neiv, \\\ Louifiaiia, on the W 
 hank of , tlie Miiiifippi. See Nciv Madrid, 
 Two miles W of the town are the plains 
 and higldands, which are not of the lirrt: 
 quality. BetAvccn thefe plains and the 
 town is a fwamp, through which a budy 
 of water from the Milfi.fippi paflcs when 
 the river is full, k is a commuidant's 
 flat ion. 'Ellicott, 
 
 Madrigal, li. tawn of Popayan, in S. A- 
 merica. N lat. o 50, W Ion. 75 45. 
 
 Magdaler TjJes. a clufter of ides N E of 
 the iile of St. John's, and N W of that of 
 Cape Breton, in the ^idt'of St.Lawrtn<^e ; 
 fituated between 47 13, and 47 42 N lat. 
 and in 6j 40 VV Ion They are inhsbit* 
 ed by a few fifliermcn. Sea cows ufed to 
 frequent them; but they are now become 
 fcarce. Thefe ifles have been fatal tw 
 many vefiels. The chief of them are the 
 Dead Man, Entry, and Romea iflandv, 
 Seamen wiUi to make them in fair wcaih- 
 
MAa 
 
 MAG 
 
 er, as they ferve them to take a new de- 
 parture ; but in foggy weather Or blowing 
 \veathcr they as ftudioudy avoid them. 
 ' J\fIug(rgiiuCia7Vfftfo;,m, or Z,can Lake the 
 largeft fountain of the Ma^akadawa Riv- 
 er. It receives 3 ftreams. Northern, Mid- 
 dle and Southern, which all enter this 
 lake coming in fioni the weft ward, and 
 continue in a ftrcam of the lame name 
 about 5 iniies to its confluence with Pe- 
 guefegehaugum. 
 
 ■■ Mygd'.limi ^ La, one of the Marqucfas' 
 Wands, in the S. Sea ; about 6 leagues in 
 circuit, and lias a harbour under a moun- 
 tain on its S fide nearly in lat. 10 25 S, 
 Icn 138 „^o W. 
 
 Llagualena^ a river of Louifiana, which 
 empties into the gulf of Mexico, \V by S 
 of Mexicanq river. 
 
 Mardu-lena, a large river, the two prin- 
 cipal fources of which are at no great dif- 
 tance from the city of Popayan, in Terra 
 rirma. Belcazar, by going down this riv- 
 er, found a pafiage to the N. Sea. The 
 river, after uniting its waters with the 
 Cance, takes the name of Grande, and 
 falls into the N. Sen, bf low the town of 
 Madre de Popa. The banks of this great 
 river are well inhabited, and it has a courfc 
 of above 200 leagues. Its mouth is much 
 frequeMcd by fmogglers, and conveys to 
 Carthagcua the productions of New Gran- 
 ada, viz. goid and grain. Among many 
 other conlidcrabl-: places on its banks are 
 JVTalambito, Teneritfe, Talaygua, Mon- 
 pox, Tamalamcque, &c. 
 
 M.tgdaUm, Cipeof^z promontory in the 
 centre of Canada, where there is an 
 iron mine, whicli promifes great advan- 
 tages, both with regard to the gooclnefs 
 of the metal, and the plenty of the ore. 
 
 Mageis Sound, on the N W coafi; of N. 
 America, is in Wafliington's Iflands, or 
 what the Britifli call Edward's, or Char- 
 lotte's lfles,fo called by two difTt-rent cap- 
 tains on thtir firft falling in with them. 
 J.at. 52 46 N, !on. 131 46 W. This found 
 is divided by Dorr's liland into 2 parts, 
 leading into one. The other port is call- 
 ed Pore Perkins. 
 
 Magegjddv'i^k, or AJ^agacadava, or Ejf.- 
 ern R't-ner^ fails into the bay of PalTama- 
 quoddy, and js fappofed 'to be the true 
 9t. Croix, which forms part of tlie E 
 boundary line between the United States 
 and New Brunfwlck. 
 
 JSd gellan^ Straits cf, at the S extrem.ity 
 of S. America, lie between 52 < nc! ^4 S 
 lat. and between 76 and 84 W Ion. Thcfe 
 ftrait* have Patagonia on the N, acd the 
 
 iflands of Terra del Fuego on the S, and 
 extend from E to W 1 10 leagues, but the 
 breadth in fome places fails Ihort of one. 
 They were fiifl: difccvered by Magellan, 
 or Magelhaens, a Portugucfe, in ttie fee- 
 vice of Spain, who, in 1.520, found out 
 thereby a paiTage from the Atlantic to 
 the Pacific ocean. He was the iiilt navi- 
 gator who failed round the world. 
 
 JMiigellania, OV '■Terra Mugellanica, a vafl 
 trael of h;nd, extendirig from the prov- 
 ince of Rio dc la Plata, quite to the ut- 
 moft verge of 8. America, viz. from lat. 
 35 to 54 S. The river Sirfondo divides 
 the W part from the S of Chili ; the N 
 part of it alio borders on Chili, and Cu- 
 yo or Chicuito on the W. The S. Sea. 
 boutids it, in part, en the W. The N. 
 ocean wholly on the E, and Straits of 
 Magellan on the S. Magellan himfeif 
 made no great difcoveries in this coun- 
 Tiy, except the two capes, of Virgins and 
 Dehre. The two principal nations dif- 
 covered by tl^e mifiionarics, are, the Chu- 
 nians and Huillans ; tlie former inhabit 
 the continent, and feverai i (lands, to the 
 northward of the Huillans, who inhabit 
 the country near Magellan Straits, The 
 foil is generally barren, hardly bearing 
 any grain, and the trees exhibit a difmal 
 afpedl ; io that the inhabitants live mif- 
 erably in a cold, inhofpitable climate. 
 The Huillans are not numerous, being 
 hunted like wild bcafb, by the Chunians, 
 v/ho fell tliem for fiaves. The other na- 
 tions are not known, much lefs their ge- 
 nius or manner of living. The eaftcro 
 coafts of M.igellan are generally low, 
 abounding with bogs, and have I'everal 
 idands near the fliore ; the moft: remark- 
 able of which is the Ifie of Penguins, fa 
 called from a bird of that name which 
 abounds on it. Tlie iflands S of the llraits 
 are Terra del Fuego ; as there is a volca- 
 no in the largeft of them, emitting fire and 
 fmoke, and appears ^erriblc in the nighc. 
 The Spaniards ereifled a fort on this ftrait, 
 and placed a garrifou in it ; but the men 
 were all ftarved. 
 
 MagKana, St. "John of.,^ canton and town 
 on the S fide of the ifland of S|t. Domin- 
 go, is on the left fide of tlie river Neybe. 
 ihe capital of the ancient Indian kingdom 
 of Magnana, ftood where the town St. 
 John of Maguana is fituated. The an- 
 cient capital difappcared with the unfor- 
 tnriate prince Anacoana. This canton 
 was pillaged i)y the Englifti privateers, in 
 1543. IQ ^764 the diftridl of the new 
 parifli contained 3690 pcrfons, of whom 
 
 300 
 
MAI 
 
 MAI 
 
 300 were capable of bearing arms. Its 
 population amounts now to more than 
 50CO fonls. 
 
 Mfihackamack^ a river which falls into 
 the Delaware from the N E at the N W 
 corner of N. Jerfey. 
 
 Mahone Bay, on the coaft of Nova Sco- 
 tia, is fcparcited from Margaret's bay by 
 the promontory on whicli is the higli 
 land of Afpotagoen. 
 
 Mahoning, a townfliip on Sufquehanna 
 river, in Pennrylvania. 
 
 Alahongy, a t'ownlhip on Sufquehanna 
 river, in Pennfylvania, liaving iioa in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Maidenhead, a fmall neat village in Hun- 
 terdon CO. N. Jerfey, having a Prclbyte- 
 rian church, halfway between Princeton 
 and l>enton>on the great pofl: road from 
 N. York to Philadelphia ; 6 miles from 
 each. The townfliip of Maidc ahead con- 
 tained in 1790 103a inhabitant^i. 
 
 MaiJjhuet a townfliip in EiTex cQ. in 
 Vermont, on Connecticut river, contain- j 
 iug 152, inhabitants. 
 
 Maitijlone Toivnfbip^ U. Canada, lies be- 
 tween Sandwich and Rochefter, upon 1^. 
 E.ie. 
 
 Maine, DiJiriSi of, belonging tO Mail^l- 
 chufctts, is fituated between lat. 43 and 
 48 15 N, and between Ion. 64 52, and 70 
 39 W ; bounded N by L. Canada, E by 
 the province of New Bruufwick, S by the 
 Atlantic Ocean, W by N. Hampfliire. 
 Maine is in length, on an average, 200 
 miles, and its average breadth 200 
 miles ; containing 40,000 fquare miles, or 
 a5 ,600,000 acres. It is divided into 6 
 counties, viz. York, Cumberland, Lin- 
 coln, Kenncbeck, Hancock, and Wafliing- 
 ton ; thefe are fubdivided into upwards 
 of aoo incorporated townfliips ; inhabit- 
 ed by 151,719 free people. The chief 
 towns are Portland the metropolis, York, 
 Wells, Brunfwick, Wifcaffct, Hallo- 
 well, Bath, Waldoborough, Penobfcot, 
 and IMachias. The chief rivers are Pe- 
 nobfcot, Kennebeck, Saco, Androfcoggin, 
 St. Croix, &c. beiide a vaft number of 
 fmal! rivers. The moft noted lakes arc 
 Moofehead, Sccodic, Sebacook, and Um- 
 bagog. The chief bays arc ihofe of Cafco, 
 Penobfcot, Machiac, Saco, and Paffama- 
 quoddy. The moft remarkable capes are 
 thofe of Ncddock, Porpoife, P:lizabeth, 
 Small Point, Pemaquid, and Petit Ma- 
 nan. Maine, though an elevated traA 
 of country, cannot be called mountain- 
 ous. Af great proportion of the lands are 
 arable »n4 fertile, particularly between 
 
 Penobfcot and Kenncbeck rivers. On 
 fome parts of the fea coaft, the lands arc 
 but indifixrent. I'he foil of this country 
 in general, where it is properly fitted \o 
 receive the feed, appears to be very friend* 
 ly to the growth of wheat, rye, barley, 
 oat*,pcas,hcmi),and flax, as well as for tJi.i 
 produiflion of aimoft all kinds of culinary 
 roots and plants, and for English grafs ; 
 and alfo for Indian corn, efpcciaily if the 
 feed be procured from a more northeru 
 climate, iiopsarethefpoutaneous growth 
 of this country : and it is alio uncommon* 
 ly good for grai:ing, and large flocks C/f' 
 neat cattle may be fed bodi fummerantl 
 wliiter. The natural growth conufts of 
 white pine and fpruce trees in large 
 quantities, fuitable for mails, boards, and 
 (iungles ; maple, beech, white and grey- 
 oak, ar^d yellow birch. The low lands 
 produce fir, v/hich yields a balfani that is 
 highly prized. Almoft the whole coafl: 
 N E of Portland is lined with ifiands, 
 among which vcdcls may generally an- 
 chor w'llh. fafety. The principal exportsof 
 this country are of various kinds of lum- 
 ber, as pine boards, Ibip timber, and ev- 
 ery fpccics of fplit lumber manufadlured. 
 from pine and oak; thcfe are exported 
 from the- various ports in immenfe quan- 
 tities. A fpirit of improvement is in- 
 crcallng here. A college has been or- 
 ganized in a pleafant fituatioii in Brunf- 
 wick, and 5 academies incorporated, all 
 endowed with handfomc grants of pub- 
 lic lands. Town fchools are maintained 
 iu mofl of the towns. The Common- 
 wealth of Mafl"achufetts poiiels between 
 eight and nine million acres in this Dif- 
 tritfl, independent of what they have fold 
 or contracSted to fell, which brings into 
 thetreafurytheneatfum of ^^ 26 9,005: 3: 7 
 currency. Exclufive of the lands fold, 
 about 385,000 acres have been granted 
 for the encouragement of literature and 
 other ufeful and humane purpofes. At- 
 tempts were made to fettle this country 
 as early as 1607, on the W fide of Kennc- 
 beck river ; but they proved unfuccelT- 
 ful, and were not repeated till between 
 1620 and 1630. , In 1635, the weftern 
 part of it was granted to Ferdinando 
 Gorges, by the Plymouth Company, and 
 he firft inftitnted government in this prov- 
 ince. In 165a, this province came under 
 the jnrifditSlion of MaHachufetts, and was, 
 by charter,incorpGiattdwithit,ini69r. It 
 has finceincreafed to I5i,7i9inhabitants. 
 Mainjhoroughy an uninhabited tovsrnfiiip 
 
 in Craftoa C9. f«{, Hampilwrs, 
 
MAN 
 
 MAN 
 
 jRfa'rSy Lr, a (brait betTvefn Terrs flel 
 Juego au<J Staten liland, m S. America, 
 
 Jlldlsyt Cap^^ is th^ E point of Cuba. 
 
 AIujaba^adu£e^ in ^Maiiie, Ht the mouth of 
 P^noblcQt river, on the E fide. 
 
 Maktjiddy Upper and Loixcr^ townfliipa 
 in Buck's co. Pcunfylvaniajthe former hav- 
 ing iioi, and thfi Jatter 963 inhabitams. 
 
 Malabar y Gape^ or Sandy Point, a narrow 
 f^rip of Land pi-ojeAing out from the S E 
 part of Cape Cod, Maflachuletts, 8 miles 
 Jri by W. N lat. 41 :\2, W Ion. 70 3. 
 
 Mulal>ri';o, a harbour on the coaft of 
 Peru, in t\\^ S. Sea. 
 
 Malamlnio, a town in the province of 
 Cartliagena, in Terra Firma, about 60 
 mites E of Carthngena, and on the W fide 
 of th« river Magdalena. 
 
 Maiden Toiuvjhipy E/Tex CO. U. Can^ada, 
 it fituated at the mouth of Detroit river, 
 on the E fide of the Itrait having Colchtf- 
 fcr to Uie E, and the Huron to the north, 
 
 Smytb. 
 
 Maiden, a town in Middlefex co. MaiTa- 
 cKufetts, on the E poH: road, 4 miles N of 
 Bofton, containing 1059 Inhabitants. It 
 is connedled with Charleftown by a biidge 
 over Myftic river, built in 1787- 
 
 Maldonado^ a bay in the river La Pl-ata, 
 "E of Buenos Ayres, in S. Anierica, and 9 
 ieagues from Cape Santa Maria. 
 
 Malta, a town in Saratoga eo. N. York, 
 taken from the weftern part of Stillwater, 
 4 miles E of Balltovvn Sjji-ings, 
 
 Mama Katin^, a townfliip in Ulfler c©. 
 N. York, \V of Montgomery and WaMkiU, 
 on Delaware river. It contains 1631 in- 
 iabitants. 
 
 j Mamaronech, a townfhip in W. Cheftcr 
 ro. N York, containing 512 inhabitants, 
 kounded S by New Rochelle, and E by 
 the Sound. 
 
 Mamaritmi, a place on the road from 
 Guavaquil to Quite, ic S. America, where 
 there is a very beaxitifai cafcade. The 
 lock from which the water precipitates 
 itfclf, is nearly perpendicular, and 50 
 fathoms high ; and on both fides edged 
 with lofty and fpreading trees. I'he 
 clcarnefs of the water dazzles the fight, 
 v;hich is delighted, at the fame time, with 
 »he large volume of water formed in its 
 fall ; after which it continues its courfe 
 in a bed, along a fmall defcent, and i» 
 croffed over by a bridge. 
 
 Manca, a town of W. Florida, on the E 
 feank of the Miflifippi, at the mouth of 
 Hona Chitto river. 
 
 Mancenilla, a large bay on the N fide of 
 ■the ifland of St. Domingo ; about 4,000 
 
 fathoms long from W to E, -nvA 2,?^ 
 broad fiom N to S. Tlie S E part of tlie 
 bay is very wide, and affords excellent an- 
 chorage, even for veflels of the firrt fize. 
 In other parts it is too fliaHow. The 
 river Malfacrc, which was the point of 
 ilparalion of the Frcncii and Spanilli col- 
 onics on the N of the ifland, runs a N 
 couj fe, towards its mouth N W, and t-n- 
 ters the eaftern part of the bay. The bay 
 of Mancenilla, though a very fine one, is 
 not fo ufeful as it mi^ht be, if its bottom 
 were well known. There are feveral 
 iliallows ill it, ©wing to the overflo\ving» 
 of the Maflaore, which rolls into it, wood, 
 fand, and ftones, in great <juantitie«, lo 
 that it fecms neceflary to foimd the bay 
 annually, after they arc over. In general, 
 it is pru<lcnt, on entering, to keep clofer 
 tot-he point of Ycaque, than to the S fide 
 of the bay ; hecaule the fandy point has 
 no rocks. The bottom of the bay is 
 muddy. The river Maflacre is, during 
 a league from 5 to 12 feet deep, and pret~ 
 ty wide; but its bed is often full of tine 
 wood which thecurrent brings down. It 
 fwarms with iifh ; and here are found 
 thofe enormous mullets which are the 
 pride of the tabic at Cape Francois. lo 
 the times of the floods, thefe f)lb are driv- 
 en towards the bay, where negroes, well 
 pracflifed in the bufinefs, fifli for them. 
 Fifhing in the bay is difficult enough, on 
 account of the drifted wood ; but the 
 negroes are good divers, and are often 6^ 
 liged to go to the bottom and difengage 
 the fcine ; but wlien it gets near the 
 beach, it is a fingularand ftriking fpe6lacle 
 to fee the negroes, the fi(h, and the alii-! 
 gator*, all flouncing about in the water 
 together. The negroes kill the alligators, 
 knock out their teeth, and fell them to 
 make corals, the garniture of which ferves 
 to mark the degree of luxury or pride of 
 thofe who hang them to the necks of 
 their children. The plenty of fifli often 
 attra<fls fliips of war to this bay. The 
 mouth of MafTacre river lies in N lat. 19 
 44, W Ion. from Paris 74 9. 
 
 Manchac, a town or parifli on both fides 
 of the Miinfippi, extending 12 miles on 
 the river. The banks of the river at 
 Manchae, though fretjucntly ovci flowed 
 by the vernal inundations, are 50 feet 
 perpendicular height above the furfacc 
 of the water ; and the river, at its lowtll 
 ebb, is not lefs than 40 fathoms deep, and 
 nearly a mile in width. The Spaniih for- 
 trcfs on the point of land below the Ib- 
 berviile, clofe by the banks of the river. 
 
^1 AN 
 
 MA?^ 
 
 fcan a communication with Alanchac, by 
 a flender, narrow, wooden bridge, acroi's 
 the channel of IbhervlHe, and not a bow 
 fliot from the habitations of Manchac. 
 fiee Loui^ana. 
 
 Manchtjier^ a poft and fifliing town, on 
 tlie fca coafi: between Cape Anne and 
 Beverly, in EiTck co. Mailachufetts. The 
 liflicry is carried on from this port chiefly 
 in the veflels, and for the account of tlie 
 merchant* in Boftou, and S-alem. The 
 townlliip lies S E of Wenham, and 30 
 miles N Eof Boftjn. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1645, and contains 1082 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Manchefery a p»ft tovrtt of Vermont, 
 Bennington co. on Battenkill. It is 2Z 
 miles N by E of Bennington, and 59 N E 
 i)f Albany in N. York. This townfliip 
 contains 1397 inhabitants. In the S part 
 of the town, in a hill a little W of the 
 !feattenkili, is a deep ftratum of frial)le 
 i-alcareous earth, of the whitenefs of chalk; 
 and apparently compol'ed of iliells, which 
 requires but little burning to produce 
 got)d lime. 
 
 M.ifichcjicr, a townfliip in York co. 
 Penufylvania, has 1175 ii^iabitants. W. 
 Manciiefter ia this county, has 794 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Mancbejier, a fmall poft town of Vir- 
 ginia, on the S fide of James river, oppo- 
 ijte to Richmond, with which it is con- 
 nected by a bridge, tn 1781 this town 
 futTered much during Arnold^a deftrutSkive 
 expedition. 
 
 Mancbejler, a town of Nova Scotia, 10 
 leagues N W of Cape Canfo. It contain- 
 ed 250 families in 1783. 
 
 Mancbejler Hoafe, cue of the ftudfon 
 
 Bay Company's factories, lies ioamil<rs 
 1\^ of Hudfoii's Houfe, and 75 S E of 
 Buckingham Houfe. It ftands on the S 
 \V fide of Saflcafliawan river, in the N W 
 part of N. America. N lat. 53 14 i&, W 
 Ion. 109 20. 
 
 Miinchef(£r, a poft town in Adams co. 
 Ohio, 472 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 A'luncaiay a place on the road from Gua- 
 yaquil to Truxilla, in Peru, on the lea 
 coaft:. Through it, during winter, runs a 
 rivulet of frefli water, to the great relief 
 of the mules that travel this way. In 
 fummer, the little remaining in its chan- 
 nel is fo brackifh, as to be hardly tol- 
 erable. 
 
 Mangeea, an iffand of the S. Seas, vifit- 
 ed by Captain Cook in the beginning of 
 his laft voyage. The coaft is guarded by 
 ai reef of coral rocks, agaiuft which a heavy 
 
 furf is cOTitinually breaking. The iAand 
 is about 15 miles in circumference. The 
 inhabitants appear of a warlike dilpoii- 
 tion. S lat, 21 27, W Ion. 158 7. 
 
 MiittJhattan, the ancient name of Long 
 and York Iflands. 
 
 Munba/tty a town of Pennfylvania, ct5, 
 ofl^ancaftcr. It contains about 60 houfcs, 
 and 1041 inhabitants, and aDutch church. 
 Glafs works were ere(3;cd here previous 
 to the revolution, but they are fallen to 
 decay. It is ii miles N b^ W of Lan- 
 eafler, and 77 W by N of Philadelphia. 
 Alio the name of a town in York co- 
 Pennfylvania, having 1876 inhabitants. 
 
 lAanlcQUJgun, or Blaik River, rifcs from 
 a lake of its name^ in E. Canada ; runs a. 
 fouthern courfe, and falls intO' the St. 
 Lawrence, '^5 miles N E of Tadoufac. 
 
 Ulumel^ or Ba'jofitco, mountains in St. 
 Domingo, 20 miles in circumference, and 
 almoft inacctfhble. They have been for 
 80 years part the place of refuge of the 
 fugitive Spanifli and French ^k:g^oc« 
 I'hcfe brigands have defied their purfu-*- 
 crs. Tiie foil of thtTe mountains is fer- 
 tile, the air temperate, and the ftrcams in 
 them abound with gold duft. 
 
 Maiiillan^ a townfliip in Fayette co. 
 Pennfylvania, having 1207 inhabitants. 
 
 Manitcu^ or Manitoual'iH IflanJs, are a 
 nuiuber of iflands towards the N fliore of 
 lake Huron, ftretching from the vicinity 
 of Cabots Head, norlhweflerly acrofe the 
 lake to Lake George, below the falls of 
 St. Mary. ThelJe ijlands are held facred 
 by the Indians. 
 
 Miinliui, a poft town in Onondago co, 
 N. York, incorporated in 1794, and is the 
 feat of the county courts. It is well wa- 
 tered by Butternut, LimeftonCi and Chit- 
 tenengo creeks, which unite at the N £ 
 corner of the town ; and the ftream, af- 
 fuming the latter name, runs N to Onei- 
 da lake, which is 10 miles N of the cen- 
 tre of the town. It comprehends that 
 part of the Onondago reftrvation bound- 
 ed S by the Geneflee road, and \V by 
 Onondago creek ^nd the Salt lake. It ha* 
 989 inhabitants. 
 
 Mantnie, Indian villages on the Pica- 
 way fork of the Manmic, or Miami of the 
 lake, and St. Mary's river. See Miami. 
 
 Mannin^tony a town in Salem co. N^ 
 Jerley. 
 
 Manor, a townfTiip in Lancafter ca 
 Pennfylvania, having 1804 inhabitants. 
 
 Manfcocy a fait lick in Georgia, S of the 
 Mufcle flioals, in the Tenefl'ee River, re- 
 naarkablc for the Mammoth bones found 
 
 here* 
 
Man 
 
 MAR 
 
 here. It is faid they were fufficient to 
 load 'd flirp. "Thisovcr'hrows," fays Scott, 
 «' the theory of Mr. JclFcrfon." "He fup- 
 pofes thefe bones are never tuund further 
 S than lat. 36 | N." Manfcoe is about 
 a degrees further S- 
 
 Mirfd, an ifland in the N E part of 
 Hadfou's bay, between Southampton ifl- 
 and and the coafl: of Labrador, N lat. 
 
 MansJidJ, A townfhip in SiifTex co. N. 
 Jerfey, containing in 1790, 148a inhablt- 
 :tnts. It is on Mufconecunk river, about 
 7 miles S E of Oxford, and as far N of 
 Greenwicli. 
 
 M:2nsJie!Jy a townfliip in Briftol co. 
 MafTachufetts, 29 miles foutherly of Bof- 
 ton. It was inccrporated in 177OJ and 
 contains 1016 inhabitants. 
 
 ■ Mansfsld, a townfliip in Chittenden 
 CO. Vermont, between I.a Moiilc and On- 
 ion rivers, about 7 miles diilance from 
 each, and 113 miles N by E of Benning- 
 ton. In this town rifes a lofty mountain, 
 called Mansfield mountain. It liae only 
 12 inhabitants. 
 
 Mjni^eU, a townfliip in Burlington co. 
 K. Jerfey, on the S fide of Black's creek, 
 confiding of 19,000 acres, of an excellent 
 foil, noted for its fine paftures and large 
 dairie.9. It is 8 miles W by N of Burling- 
 ton, and 12 S by E of Trenton. The in- 
 habitants are moftly Friends. ^ 
 
 Mansfield, a towniliip in Windham co. 
 Conneaicut, about 30 miies N of New 
 I^ondon, and as far E of Harrford. In- 
 habitants 2560. 
 
 Mania, a bay of Guayaquil, in S. A- 
 merica, formerly famous for a confidcra- 
 l)Ie pearl fifliery ; but it has been totally 
 difcontlnued for feme years. There is 
 aifo a point of this name on the coafl 
 near it. The bay has its name from the 
 great numbers of large fifli, called mantas, 
 the catching of which is the common 
 employment of the inhabitants. The 
 method of carrying on this filhery is as 
 follows ; they throw into the water a log 
 of wood, about 18 feet long, and near a 
 foot in diameter ; on one end they place 
 their net, and on the other an Indian 
 (lands in an cre(5l pofition, and with a fm- 
 gle oar rows his tottering bark to the dif- 
 t'ance of half a league from the fliore, 
 where he fhoots his net ; another Indian 
 follows on a fimihr log, takes hold of the 
 rope fadened to one end of the net, and 
 when fully extended, they both make to- 
 wards the land, hauling the net after 
 them. It is aftonifliing to obfcrve with 
 
 . yvn^t agility the Indians maintain an equi- 
 librium on thefe round logs, not witluland- 
 ing the continual agitations of the fea, 
 and their being obliged to mind the oar 
 and the net at the fam^- timr. They arc 
 indeed excellent fwimmers ; fo that if 
 they flip off they are immediately on 
 the log again, and in their former pofitmn. 
 
 Mjpleton, a name given to 3 pleafant 
 range of cTcellent farms, 3 miles E of 
 Princeton, N. Jerfey. 
 
 Maquoit, a bay of £hoal waters in Cafco 
 Bay, Maine, about 20 miles N of Cape 
 Elizabeth, frequently mentioned in the 
 hi (lory of Maine ; where the Indians 
 were ufcd to land with their canoes, and 
 from thence carry them to Pejepfcot Falls ^ 
 on Androfcoggin river. This was done 
 with the toil of only 4 hours walk. Front 
 thefe falls they went down into Kenne- 
 beck river ; and from thence continued 
 their route up that river to WeiTerunfett, 
 and thei^cs over to St. Lav.-rence ; or 
 turned and went down through Mon- 
 feag bay, towards Penobfcot ; or from 
 the falls they continued their progrefs up 
 Androfcoggin river, beyond llie White 
 Mountains, and over to CcnnedHcut riv- 
 er, and from thence to Lake Mcmphre- 
 magog, and down to the limits of Canada. 
 
 Maracaihoy Mrraca^bo, or Maracaya, a 
 j fmall but rich city of Venezuela, a prov- 
 [ ince of Terra Firma iu S. America, on 
 the W bank of the lake of the fame name, 
 about 18 miles from its mouth and 73 S 
 W of Coro. It is well built, has feverat 
 ftitely houfes, very regular and adorned 
 with balconies, from which there is a 
 profpecfl of the lake, which has the ap- 
 pearance of a fea. Kere are about 4000 
 inhabitants, of whom 800 are able to 
 bear arms. It has a governor fubordi- 
 nate to the governor of Terra Firma. 
 Here is a large parochial church, an hof- 
 pital, and 4 convents. Veflels frona 25 
 to 30 tons frequent this port, wich man- 
 ufactures and merchandife from the 
 places near the lake, which are after- 
 wards put on board Spanilli fhips that 
 com.e hither to buy them Ships are 
 built at Maracaibo, which trade all over 
 America, and even into Spain, this place 
 being very commodious for lliip build- 
 ing. It lies 338 miles E of Rio de Ja 
 Hacha. N lat. 10 51, W Ion. 70 15. 
 
 Maracaibo Lake, or rather Gulf, a large 
 colletStion of waters, on which the town 
 above mentioned isfituatcd. It is nearly 
 2o8 miles long, and in fome parts, 50 i» 
 breadth, running from S to N, and emp- 
 tying 
 
MAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 ■ tyin<T itfelf into the N. Sea ; the entrance 
 of which is well defended by flrong forts ; 
 but Sir Henry Morgan pafled by them, 
 pUindeied feveral Sp,;aini towna on tlie 
 coafl, and defeated a fquadron which had 
 been fent to intercept him. As the tide 
 flows into the iake, its water is Ibmewhat 
 brackifli, notwithftanding the many riv- 
 ers it receives. It abounds with all forts 
 of fifli. fome of which are very large. 
 By the navigation of this lake, the inhab- 
 itants of Venezuela carry on a trade with i 
 thofe of New Granada. The lake be- 
 comes narrower towards the middle, 
 where the town is erei5ted. 
 
 Miiragmn. See Ri'-jer of Amazons. 
 
 Maragnon^ or Mar anon, ov Mdrignon,\\iQ 
 name of a northern captainPaip of Bra- 
 zil. Chief town, St. Louis. 
 
 Maraukio, a fmail ifland at t!ie mouth _. 
 of the noted rivers Maracu, Topocoru, i 
 and Mony, on the N lide of the province i! 
 of Maranon in Brazil. The ifland is ob- |' 
 long, 45 miles in circuit, very ff-rtiie, and (1 
 well inhabited. The French, who feized |j 
 on it in i6ia, built a town here, called St. 
 Louis de Maragnan ; but it is now in the 
 hands of the Portuguefe, and is a bifhop's 
 fee. It is very ftron«^, and has a ftout 
 caftle built on a r«ck, towards the fea, 
 Avhich commands a very convenient har- 
 bour. The ifiand itfelf is very difiicult 
 of accefs, by rcafon of the rapidity of the 
 three rivers which form it ; fo that vef- 
 fcls muft wait for proper winds and fea- 
 fons to vifit it. Behde the town men- 
 tioned here, are two fmaller ones, viz. St. 
 Andcro, on the moft northern point, and 
 St. J.igo onthe fouthern. 'i he natives have 
 about i7 hamlets, each conCiiing of four 
 large huts, forming a fquare in the mid- 
 dle ; all being built of large timber, and 
 covered from top to bottom with leaves : 
 fo that each may contain a or 300 perfons. 
 The inhabitants are ftrong and healthy, 
 and live to a great age ; bows and arrows 
 are their only weapons, Avith which they 
 are very dextrous; but they are fierce 
 and cruel, efpecially to their enemies. 
 The continent, 3 or 4 leagi.cs from the 
 ifland, is inhsbittd by the Tapouytapnrc, 
 and Tonpinambois nations, who are wild 
 and fierce, and divided into 15 or 20 fach 
 hamlets, as hav-e been dcfcribcd aljovc. 
 Contiguous to thefe are the territories of 
 Cuma and Gayeta, inhabited by nearly 
 the fame fort of people. The c; pita), 
 Maragnan, has a harbour at the mouth 
 of the river St. Mary, on the Atlantic 
 ocean ; 495 miles north weft 0/ Cape 
 Vol. r. Qq 1 
 
 St. Roque. S. ^lat. a 27, W Ion. 44 36. 
 
 I.Iarblnhead, a port of entry and polt 
 town in Effex co. MafTacuufetts, 4 miles 
 S E of Salem, 19 N E oiBoilon ; contain- 
 ing I Epiicopai and a vJ oagregational 
 churches, and 521 1 inhabitants. The 
 harbour lies in front of the town S E, ex- 
 tending from S W to N E, about a mile 
 and a half in length, and halfa mile broad. 
 It is formed by Marblehead neck on the 
 S and E, and is protedled by a fea wall, 
 which, before its late repairs, was in im- 
 minent danger of giving way to the great 
 detriment, if not ruiu of t!ie port. A 
 battery and citadel were erecbcd hereia 
 1795, for the defence of the place, by or- 
 der of Congrefs. The bank nfhery em- 
 ploys the prmcipal attention of the in- 
 habitants, and more is done of this l)uri- 
 neis, in this place, than in any other ia 
 the (late. 7'he exports of the year 1794, 
 amounted to 184,532 dollars. Marb'c- 
 hcad was incorporated in 1649, ^^^ ^i^"* 
 in N lat. 42 30, W Ion. 69 49. 
 
 Marhldoiv7ty a townfliip in Uifter ,co. 
 N. York, on the W lide of Hudfon river, 
 N W of Paltz, adjoining. it contain* 
 2847 inhabitants. 
 
 Marc, St. See MarL 
 
 Marcellus, a military and pofl: town ia 
 Onondago co. N. York, fituat-^ i .^11 8.>van- 
 eatetes lake, 11 mites V/ of Onondago 
 Caftle. Marc alius was ;acorporated in 
 1794. It has 909 inhabitants. 
 
 Marcus Hook, in Chcfter co. Pennfvlva- 
 nia, on the W lide of Delaware river, 20 
 miles below Philadelpuia. It. contains 
 about 30 families. Here are two rows of 
 piers, or long viharves, to defend vefTels 
 from the driving of ice in winter. 
 
 Marechaux, Cape, forms the N E fide of 
 the bay of Jaemel, in St. Domingo. N 
 lat. 18 18. 
 
 Marcch-tes /;"i^''dr/,\f, inhab-it the banks of 
 the river St. John, and around Pall'ama- 
 qucddy bay. They have about 140 fight- 
 ing men. 
 
 MarequHa, a city of New Granada, Ter- 
 ra Firma, S. America. 
 
 Margallatvay, a river which rifes in 
 Maine, and crofles the N. Hampfliire line 
 between Lake Umbagog and a mountain 
 on the N, and runs S W to Amariicog^in 
 river. Its mouth is 10 rods wide. 
 
 Margaret's Bay, St. a port on the S coaffc 
 of Nova Scotia, between Frofpect Hai- 
 bour and Mahoi;e bay ; from which laft 
 it is feparatcd by a promontory, on whicli 
 is the high land of Afpotagoen. 
 
 Margaretta, or Santa Margaretia de lut 
 Caraccas 
 
iVfAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 Saracat.t, an i.l.ind of Terra Firma, S. A- 
 jnerica, ;"rom which it is parted by a ftralt 
 24 mile;; wide ; 63 miles W of Paria, or 
 New Andaliifia. Colambus difcovered 
 it in his third voyage, in 1498. It is 40 
 miles in length and 24 in breadth ; and, 
 being always verdant, affords a moft a- 
 greeable profpe^fl. It abounds in paf- 
 ture, maize and fruit ; but there is a 
 fcarcity of wood and water. There was 
 once a pearl fiiliety on its coaft, which 
 produced one. ptarl, the fineft ever I'een, 
 valued at ;^25,ooD ftcrling, bought by the 
 king of Spain. The inhaliitants are a 
 mixture of Indians and Spaniards, who 
 are lazy and fuperftitious. Hers are 
 feveral forts of animals, particularly wild 
 hogs, with filli and fowl. N hit. 11 46, 
 W Ion 64 I a. 
 
 Margaret's I/I<t;i:fs, in tliC N. Pacific 
 ocean, were diJcovered by Cspt. James 
 Magee, in the lliip Margaret, of Bofton, 
 in his voyage from Kamfcbatka in 1780. 
 Their latitude is 24 40 N Ion. 141 12 E. 
 
 MjrgarettfviHe, a village in Wafhing- 
 ton CO. Maryland, about 10 miles S by E 
 «f E'"!:5abtth Town, and 6 N E of Wil- 
 liau's Port. 
 
 Margat, the river and heights of Mar- 
 j!ot are on the E fide of the Miflifippi. 
 The river has a weftcrly courfe, and is 
 faid to be navignble for b.sttcaux a num- 
 ber of miles. The gro\ind below its junc- 
 tion with tlic MilTifippi, in lat. 35 i8 N, 
 affords a commanding, airy, plcafant, and 
 cxtenflve fituation for fettlemcnts ; the- 
 foil is remarkably fertile. About 3 miie* 
 below this, the French built Aflumption 
 Fort in 1736, (afterwards called Prudhone 
 Fort,) when at war with the Chickafaws, 
 but the year after it was dcmoliibcd, when 
 9 p -ace was conciuded. 
 
 Murgot Port, a rriaritime village on the 
 N fide of the i'land of Sr. Domingo, in 19 
 48 N Jnt. 9 leagues Vv*" of Cape Francois. 
 
 Mrtrta, Cipi; Sirnta,\i, the N cape at the 
 mouth of La Plata river, in S. America ; 
 •9 leagues from the bay of Maldonade, 
 and ao from Motittbidr.o, a bay fb called 
 from a mountain wliich overlooks it. 
 
 Miiria Siintti, fi town of the audience of 
 Panama, in S America. It was built by 
 tlie Spimiardfl foon after thty difcovered 
 the gold mines in xvi neighbourhood. N 
 lat. 7 4^, "VVlon. 78 12. 
 
 Marrav;ilant;', one of the Caribbee Ifl- 
 ands in the Atlantic ocean ; fo called frr)m 
 the fli p's name in wliich Columbus dif- 
 cove'^^*^ it» in 1493. It is of an eliptical 
 figurC; 4i leagues from N to S, and 3 from 
 
 5 to W. It lies 5 or 6 leagues S eaderiy' 
 of Guadaloupe, above half its lurface is 
 barren mountains. There are only two 
 pariilies, the principal at the S def'ended 
 by a fort called Baifeterre. It is indif- 
 ferently watered, but produces Soopoolb, 
 of coffee, lOOjOoolb. cotton, and 1,000,000 
 lb. of f'ugar. The French planted a colo- 
 ny here in 1648. It was tak,en by the 
 EngHfh in 1692, but the French foon fet- 
 tled there again, and flilL .pofiefs it. N. 
 lat. 15 S5i Wlon. 61 6. 
 
 Miirianna., was the jjame given to the 
 diflridt granted by the Plymouth Council 
 to Captain John Mafon in 1621. It ex- 
 tended froni the river Naumkeag, now Sa- 
 lem, round Cape Ann, to Merrimack riv- 
 er, and from the fea to the heads of thefs 
 rivers, with the iflands lying within 3 
 miles of the coaft. 
 
 Marie, Cape Bcum, the W point of the " 
 ifland of St. Domingo, which, with Cape 
 St. Nicholas, forms the entrance of the 
 bay of I^eogane. N lat. 18 38, W Ion. 
 from Paris 76 51. The town of this 
 name, fituated on the cape, is on the N W 
 part of the S peninfula ; 8 leagues W of 
 Jeremie, and to W of Port au Prince. 
 The towns and villages, along the N coafb 
 of the peninfula, and in theb.^y or bite of 
 Leogane, between the cape and Port au 
 Prince, are Pv.tit Trou, Anfe a Veau, Mar- 
 agoane, Petite Goave, Grand Goave, &c. 
 
 Marie^ Straits of, conne(ft Lakes Superi- 
 or and Huron, which will permit boats 
 to pafs, but not larger velTeis. N'^ar the; 
 upper eaa of thefe uraits, which are 
 40 miles long, is a rapid, which (though 
 it is impoilible for canoes to afcend) may 
 be navigated by boats without danger, 
 v/hen conducted by able pilot^^ The 
 ftraits afford one of the nioft pleaiing. 
 proipccts in the world : on the left, lead- 
 
 mg to laKe superior, may 
 
 be fe( 
 
 any 
 
 beautiful little iilands that extend a con- 
 fiaerable way before you ; and on the 
 right an agreeable fucceflion of fmall 
 points of land, which projedl a httle way 
 iato the water, and contribute with the 
 iilands to render it delightful. 
 
 Mariel, Fort, a harbour on the N fide of 
 Cuba, which will admit frigates of 30 guns. 
 
 Marietta, a handibme pofl town in the 
 ftate of Ohio, fituated on the Ohio, jufl 
 above the moutli of the Mufkingum, 
 The Cafnpus Martius in this town is 
 an elevated public fquare, founded 
 by the Ohio Company, in the year 
 1788. The fortification is all of hewn 
 timber, and for appearance, conven- 
 
 jeirce, 
 
yiA'tr 
 
 MAR 
 
 innce, and defence, of fuperior excellence. 
 It Is more than 30 feet above the high 
 banks of the Mulkingum, and only 159 
 yards diftant from that river, with a beau- 
 tiful natural glacis in front. The water 
 of the Ohio, has fometinies rlfen to fuch 
 height as to inundate the lower part of 
 the town. The town confifts of 1,000 
 hoiife lots of 90 by 180 feet ; the fpticious 
 flrcets interfecb each other at right an- 
 gles, and there are neccflary fquares re- 
 fcrved for ufe, pleafure and ornament. It 
 is 19n1ii.es above Lei Pre, 86 S W of 
 WheeHng, 146 S W of Pittlburg, 240 N E 
 of Lexington in Kentucky, and 460 W by 
 S of Philadelphia. Lat. 39 ^4 21, N Ion. 
 82 9 W. 
 
 Miirlon^ a difl:ri<fl of S. Carolina, con- 
 taining 6914 inhabitants, of whom %1S5 
 Site Haves. 
 
 Markbam Toivnfcip^ In the E riding of 
 the CO. of York, U. Canada, fronts Yonge- 
 flreet, and lies to the N of York and Scar- 
 borough. Here are good mills, and a 
 thriving fettlement of Germans. Smyth. 
 
 Mar/.'\-, St. a town of E. Florida, at the 
 head of the bayof Apalachy ; 180 miles 
 Wof St. Auguftine, and 105 from the Al- 
 achua Savannah. N lat. 30 i2,Wlon. 85 45. 
 . Mark, S.t. a jurifdictlon in the W part 
 of the illand of St. Domingo, conta-ning 
 4parillies. Its exports, iuipped from the 
 town of its name, from Jan. i, 1789, to 
 Dec. 31, of the fame year, v/ere 3,065,047 
 ib. white fugar, 7,931,7101b. brown I'ugar, 
 7,041,8521b. coffee, 3,250,8901b. cotton, 
 3,49 8191b. indigo, and -\'arious articles to 
 the value of 2,250 ^ livres : the total vrlue 
 of duties on exportation 116,974 dollars 
 
 4 cents. The town of St. Mark lies at 
 the head of a bay of its name, which is 
 at the head of the Bay or Bite ofLeogane. 
 The bay 's formed by Cape St. Mark on 
 the S, and Morne au Diable on the N. 
 This town, although fmall, is reckoned 
 the pleafanteO: in the illand. Its com- 
 merce is coniiderable. !t owes a great 
 deal of its er„belliihmcnfs to the attention 
 of M. de JMarbois, during his admlniftra- 
 tion. It is 22 leagues Wof Hinche, 19^ N 
 W of Port au Prince, 14 3 by W of Les 
 Cjonalvcs, 30 S of Port de Paix, and 26-| 
 
 5 W of Cape Francois. N lat. 19 5, W 
 Ion. 75 10. 
 
 MarJboroHvh To'U'nJJrp, in Grenville CO. 
 U. Canada, lies N of Oxford, and is water- 
 ed by the Radeau. 
 
 Marlborough, a diflrict on the Great 
 Pedee river, S. Carolina, 25 miles long, 
 and 19 broad. See S. Carolma, 
 
 MarlhoroiighyNeiVjZ townfliip in Berk- 
 ililre CO. Mallachufetts, on the Connecti- 
 cut line, containing I048 inhabitants. 
 It was incorpoiatea in 1759, and 15135 
 miles W of l>oftc;n. 
 
 Marlbcrough^ a poft town, ancient and 
 wealthy, in Middiefex co. Mafiachuictts 
 (the Oko7nmakamcfit of the Indians) was in- 
 corporated Jn 1660, and contains 1735 in- 
 habitants. It is 28 mile;^ W of Eofttn. A 
 mode of manufa&uring Spanilli brown; 
 from a kind of earth <>r loam, faid to re- 
 femble bed ore, tliough not inipregnated 
 with particles of iron, has lately been dif- 
 covercd in this town by an ingeniou* gen- 
 tleman. He conftrucrcd an air furnace, 
 at a trivial expenfc ; and in the year 
 1794, could calcine and prepare for' the 
 mill a ton in 24 l.ouis, 6 days in fucccilion, • 
 without great expenle oi wood. Connoii- 
 feurs in paints acknowledge it is good. 
 His firil attempts in making ipruce yellow 
 were likewiie Mattering. 
 
 Mc.rlborough,'AY'^t^^ town In Windham 
 CO. Vermont, having Newfane on the N, 
 and Brattlel;orouj^h E. It contained in 
 179c, 629 inhabitants. ■ 
 
 Marlboroi'M}, a poft town in Chcfliire co. 
 N. Hamprnire, 6 miles from Kcene, 20 N 
 of Wiacheadop, and 26 from Afuburn- 
 ham in MaiTachufotts. It wao incornor- 
 at(d in 1776, and contains 1185 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Marlhvrcvgh, Nsiv, a tov/nlliip in TJuler 
 CO. N. York, on the W fide of Kudlon's 
 river, N of Newburgh, oppofiie Fcugh- 
 keepie. It contains 1B48 inhabitants, 
 
 M-arlborcqh, the name of three tov/n- 
 fliips in Pennfylvania, the one in.Mcnt- 
 gomt ry co. and. E. and W. Mariborcugix 
 in Chclter co. 
 
 Marlborough^ Loiver, a town of Mary- 
 land, in Calvert co. on the E fide of 
 P-atuxent river, 24 miles S E ofWalhino- 
 ton. It contains about 60 houfes, and a 
 warehouft; for the inipetllion of tobaccov; 
 The river is navigable ioriliipsof burthen 
 for fome miles above the tov/n. 
 
 Marlborough, Upper, the chief town of 
 Prince George's co. Maryland. It is on 
 the S W fide of Hatavilic, one of \he two 
 principal branches of Patuxent river. It 
 contains about 120 houfes, a court 
 houfe, and a v/arehoufe for the inipec- 
 tion of tobacco. It is 47 miles S S W 
 of Baltimore, and about 15 E of Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Marhnv, a town in Chefliire, co, N. 
 Hamplkire, has 543 inhabitants. 
 
 Murmofcts, a harbour ia the i/land of Sti 
 Domii go", 
 
MAH 
 
 MAR 
 
 Domirigo, which may receive merchant- 
 Hien, but the eqtrance of it is i-t'iideri.d 
 difficuU by the breakers. It lies; between 
 Cape Rou£>- and Grand Port Berhagr.c. 
 
 Itlarquesy a capc on tUc coaft: of Old 
 Mexico, '"n the S. Sea. 
 
 Marqw^fas. Thefe iflands arc 5 in 
 number, viz. La Ma^dalena, St. Pedro, 
 La Uominka, Santa Chriftina, and Hoods 
 Wand, fituated in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 between 'he lacjtude of 9 26 and 10 25 S ; 
 and between the longitude of 138 47 and 
 139 13 W. Tiiey were firft difcovered 
 by Mendana and Qjiros,in 1595 ; and in 
 1774, Capt. Cooic afccrtaincd thc-r iitua- 
 tion more particularly, which before was 
 diiTercntin differen': charts. La Don-iini- 
 ca, the largcft, is about 10 leagues ii cir- 
 cuit, in lat. 9 44 S. Hood's Ifland was 
 difcovered by Capt. Cook in 1774.' The 
 inhabitants, taken coIlecSlively, are, with- 
 out exception, the finefl race of people in 
 thefe feas ; and for good iliapes and reg- 
 ular features they perhaps furpafs ail 
 nations. They are thought to be of the 
 fame origin as thofe of Ofiheite and of 
 the Society Iflands. They have hogs, 
 fowls, plantains and other vegetables and 
 roots ; likewife a few bread fruit and 
 cocoa trees. N N W of thefe ifiands, from 
 35 to 50 leagues diftant, are the 7 iiics 
 called Ingrahatns JJles : which fee. 
 
 Murroivyncy a rivcr of Dutch Guiana, 
 in S. America. 
 
 M<irjh Creek, runs foutherly through 
 Maiden Townfliip, U. Canada, and emp- 
 ties into lake Erie, having at times 4^ feet 
 water on its bar. Smyth. 
 
 MaijVs Iftuiid, called Marjh's Great IJl- 
 ^nJ, the largeft of a group of 13 Hlands 
 at the great Falls in Penobfcot River, 
 which are on the K hdc of this iHand. 
 This group are all within about 7 miles, 
 and confill of Maifli's liland about 5 
 Hiiles long and near ^\ wide, eftimated to 
 contain about 5000 acres. Oifon Ifland 
 TCOO acres, Old Town 200 acres, Orono's 
 Tiland ico acres ; the other 9 arc of a 
 If fler hzc. Round this Ifland arc 5 falls, 
 rtne of which is diflrnguiihed by the 
 jiame of " the preat Falls" Or '* Old Town 
 ialls." See Old toivn. 
 
 MarJbaUfvilU, in Muhlenburg co. Vir- 
 ginia. Here is a poft office, 258 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 . Mar/h/ield,:\\)o(i town in Plymouth CO. 
 MaHacluifetts, bounded S by Duxbor- 
 ough, and 36 miles S E of Bofton. It was 
 jncoiporated in 1640, axid contains iz60 
 iuhabitant!. 
 
 Marfifieldy a townfliip is Caledonia co. 
 Vermont , adjoining to Calais on the N 
 V/ and Peachum N £. It has 17c inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Marfcpce, by feveral writers called 
 Mi'.ppee,-AU anrient Indian town in Barn- 
 flable CO. Maff^chufetts, containing 155 
 inhabitants. Tlicre is flill an Indian 
 church heie, but not more than 40 or .50 
 per Tons are pure Indians. They have 
 <^reatly decreafed lince 1693, when there 
 were 2,14 adults, belide ftragglers in the 
 plantation and pla~es adjacent; under 
 the care of Mr. Rowland Cotton, minif- 
 ter of Sandwich. The remains of the In- 
 dians here, are under the paftoral care of 
 the Rev. Mr, Hawlcy. 
 
 Marfiy Hope, the N W branch of Nan- 
 ticoke river in Maryland. 
 
 Martha Brae, a fmall to u'n, having a 
 harbour, 7 leagues W of Montego Point. 
 It is frequented only by fuch velTcis as 
 are particularly deftined for this place. 
 There is a bar wit ii 16 or 17 feet water in 
 going in ; and the paflage in coming out 
 between the Triangle Rocks is uot more 
 than 60 feet wide with 6-§ or 7 fathoms 
 water. See ralmoutb. 
 
 JMarlha Ri'ver^ St. See Ma^dalena. 
 
 Xvlurtha, St. a province of Terra Pirma, 
 in S. America ; bounded N by the N. 
 Sea ; E by Rio de la Kacha ; S by New- 
 Granada, and W by the territory of Car- 
 tliagena. The air is colder here and more 
 pure than in the adjoining countries. 
 The vallies are fertile, and produce maize, 
 with t)ther grains and fruits, efpecially, 
 oranges, lemons, pine apples, grapes, &c. 
 alfo indigo, and cochineal, and iome woods 
 for dying. The mountains which are 
 known to tailors by tl-e name of the Snowy 
 mountains of St. Martha, produce gold 
 emeralds, fapphires, chalcedonies, jafper, 
 and curious marble. On the coafls, where 
 fmuggling is carried on, are fait works, 
 and two pearl fifiieries. It is about 300 
 miles in length, and doo in breadth, is a 
 mountainous country, and in genaral 
 reckoned the highefl in this part of the 
 world. 
 
 Martha, St. a city in the province laft 
 mentioned, with a harbour on the N. Sea, 
 at the mouth of the Guayra : about 124 
 miles N E of Cartiiagena. It is the refi- 
 dence of a governor and bifliop. The 
 houfes are built with canes, and are very 
 neat. Its harbour is large, convenient, and 
 fafe,andthe environs agreeableand fertile. 
 At prefcnt contains about 3000 inhabit- 
 ants, who carry ou aa exteafive rich trade, 
 
 aad 
 
MAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 and make great quantitiesof cottons, (lufFs, 
 &c. with earthen v/are, which is much 
 eiteemed. ft has a vahiable pearl fifliery, 
 in which great numbers of llaves are em- 
 ployed, whofe dexterity in divin^; for the 
 oyliers is very extraordinary ; fome of 
 whom will remain for a quarl er of an hour 
 under water, and will rife with a baiket 
 full. N lat. ii.a6, Wlon. 73 £(). 
 
 Marthas Vineyard, an ifland belonging 
 to Duke's CO. MafTachufetts, called by the 
 Indians Nope, or CapatvacL, is fituatcd be- 
 tween 40 17, ?.nd 41 29 N lat. and be- 
 tween 70 %% and 70 50 W Ion. about 21 
 miles long and 6 broad, and lies a little 
 to the W of Nantucket. Martha's Vine- 
 yard, Chabaquiddick, Noman's Ifland, and 
 the Elizabeth Iflands, which contain a- 
 bout 16,500 acres of valuable land, coji- 
 ftltute Duke's county, containing 3,ii8 
 Vt^hite inhabitants, and between 400 and 
 500 Indians and mulattoes ; who fubfifl: 
 by agriculture and filliing. Cattle and 
 fneep are raifed here in great mmi'oers ; 
 and rye, ecru and oats are the chief prod- 
 uce of the ifland. Wiiite pipe clay 
 and yellow and red ochre are found in 
 Martha's Vineyard. The ravages of 
 war were feverety felt in this induftrious 
 fpot. In September, 1778, the Britllli 
 made a requiiition of their militia arms, 
 300 oxen, and 2000 ilieep, which were 
 delivered up. See Gay Haid. 
 
 Mjrtici:, a townfliip in Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania, having 1248 inhabitants. 
 
 Mai-tin, a county of Halifax diftricSt, N. 
 Carolina, adjoining Tyrrel, Halifax, Ber- 
 tie, and Pitt counties. It contains 5312 
 inliabitants, of whom 1646 are llaves. 
 
 Martin, Cape St. on the coafl of N 
 Spain on the N. Sea. 
 
 Martin's, St. one of the northernmofl of 
 the Caribbee il^ands ; iituated in the At- 
 lantic ocean, between Anguiila N, from 
 ■whence it is diflant a league and a half 
 and St. Bartholomew S E, 15 miles. It 
 is about 15 leagues in circumference, with 
 commodious bays and roads on the N W 
 fide. Here are good fait pits, and lakes 
 of fait water, which run a great v/ay with- 
 in the land ; but has no frefii water but 
 what falls from the clouds, and is faved 
 by the inhabitants in cifterns. The fait 
 lakes abound in good iilli, particularly 
 turtle ; and the fait water pt)ols are fre- 
 quented by vafl: numbers of birds- In 
 the woods are wild hogs, turtle doves, and 
 parrots innumerable. Here are feveral 
 trees producing gums ; and plenty of the 
 candle tree, fpliutcfs of which, when dry 
 
 and lighted, emit a very fragrp.nt fmcll. 
 Its tobacco, the chief commodity culti- 
 vated, is reckoned the bcfi: in tiic Caiib- 
 bce iilands. Tlie Spaniards abandoiicci 
 tiiis illand in 1650, and blew up a fcrt 
 which they had creeled. The French 
 and Dutch afterwards fliared the iiJaDd 
 between them. But in 1689, '^\'ei"e attack- 
 ed and plundered by Sir Timothy Thorn- 
 hill, aud in July, 1744, were driven out 
 by the Britiili forces, and did not return 
 till after the peace of 1763. They now 
 enjoy about 35,000 acres, cut of the 
 55,ocQ which the wholp idand contain*;. 
 The two colonies breed poidtry and 
 fljecp, which chey fell to the other iHaiidr. 
 They aifo cultivate a little cotton and 
 coffee. About 30 years ago the Frencli 
 part contained 400 white families, and 
 lOjOco Haves. The Dutch part no more 
 tlian 60 families, ^nd about ioo flaves. 
 N lat. 18 6, Wlon, 6a 30. 
 
 Aiartinicn, one of the largefl of the 
 Cariqbee iilauds, fituatcd between lat. 14 
 and 15 N, and in Ion. 61 W, lying abouc 
 40 leagues N V/ of Barbadoes, and 2i S 
 by E of Guadaloupe, is about 60 miles iu 
 length, and 30 in breadth ; containing 
 about 260 fquare miles. The inland part 
 of it 1% hilly, from which yre poured out 
 on every fide, a number of agreeable and 
 ufeful rivers, which adorn and enricli 
 this illand in a high degree. The pro- 
 duce of the foil is fugar, cotton, indigo, 
 giuger and fuch fruits and productions as 
 are found in the neighbouring iilands. 
 But fngar is here, as in all the V/. India 
 iilands, the principal commodity,of which 
 they export a confiderable quantity an- 
 nually. Martinico is the refidcncc of the 
 governor of the French iilands in thefc 
 fcas. Its bays and harbours are numer- 
 ous, fafe and commodious, and well for- 
 tified. It is divided into 28 pariflies, 
 which contain about the fame nwniber of 
 towns and villages, and 2 principal towns. 
 Fort Royal and St. Pierre. In 1 770 it con- 
 tained 12,450 white people; 1814 free 
 blacks or mulattoes ; 70,553 (laves, and 
 443 fugitive negroes. About the fame 
 time its produdts were computed at 2j 
 million lbs. of fugar, 3 million lbs. of cof- 
 fee, 600,000 lbs. of cotton, and 40,cco ibs. 
 of cocoa, foreigners carry off privately 
 about a 12th part of the produce of tlie 
 illand, and the reft goes to France. Thi;* 
 ifiand, called MaJanina by the ancient 
 natives, was fettled by the Frencli \\x 
 1635. The Britiili reduced it in 1762, 
 but reftored it at the concluliou of pc.:ce, 
 
 iii 
 
MAR 
 
 M A r: 
 
 %niy6T,. It W33 again taken by the Brlt- 
 iflvin 1794. 
 
 Martini CO, Little. See Bekia. 
 MartirJb:jrough,di townof N.Carolina, on 
 the S lide ot 'i'ar river, ao miits above 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Martinfourg, a poft town of Virginia, 
 and capital of Berkley co. about 8 miles 
 S of the Patowr.iiic, in the midil of a fer- 
 tile and well cultivated country, and 25 
 milc3 from the minercvi i'prings at Bath. 
 It contains upwards of 70 houfes, a court 
 houie, gaol, and Epifcopai church ; and 
 contiguous to the Iowa is one for Prcl- 
 bytcrians. It rs 10 miles from Shepherdf- 
 tovvn, 30 from Pittfylvania court houfe, 
 2,5 from Rocky Mount or Franklin 
 court houfe, aa N E of Winchcftcr, 88 
 JEvI N W of Alexandria. 
 
 Mayfin-ville^ a pofl towng and the capi- 
 tal of Guilford co. in N. Carolina, is agree- 
 ably lil'Ui'.ted on the E fide of Buiialc£ 
 creek, a branch of Haw river, and con- 
 tains abc-ut 40 houics, a court houfe and 
 ^ol. It lies N £ of Bell's Aliil, at the 
 head of Deep river ; 48 miles N W of 
 Hillfborough ; 27 E of Salem ; 50 N E 
 of Salifbury ; 1.5 1 W by S of Halifax. N 
 lat. 36 i,W Ion. 79 43. It was near this 
 town that General Greene and Lord 
 Cornwallis engaged in one of the bell 
 fought aclions in the late war, on the 
 15th of March, 1781 : and although the 
 Americans Avere driven off the field, the 
 Biitilh fufft-'red fo great a lofs, that they 
 could not purfue the vidiory. 1 he great- 
 ■cft part of the countiy in which the ac- 
 tion happened, was a wildernefs, with a 
 few cleared fields interfperfed. The A- 
 fnerican army, v/hen the acftion commenc- 
 ed, was polled on a riling ground about a 
 mile and a half froniGuiiford court houfe. 
 Mary'an'i, ouc of the United States of 
 America, lies between lat. 37 $(>, and 39 
 44 N, and between 75 8, and 79 38 W 
 Ion. It is about 134 miles in length, and 
 110 in bre3dth,and contains 14,000 fquare 
 miles, one fourth of which is water. It 
 is bounded N by Pennfyivania ; E by 
 Delaware ftate, and the Atlantic ocean ; 
 S and W by Virginia : and is divided in- 
 to 19 councies, 11 of which are on the 
 Weftcrn, and 8 on the Eajlem fliore X)f 
 Chefapeak bay. Thofe on the Wejlern 
 Jbnre are Harford, Baltimore, Ann Arun- 
 del, Frederick, Alleghany, Wafliington, 
 Montgomery, Prince George, Calvert, 
 Charles, and St. Mary's. Thofe on the 
 Eajlsrn Jhcre ate Cecil, Kent, Queen Ann, 
 
 and Worcefter. The whole number oC 
 inhabitants in tlic flatc is 349,692 ; of 
 whom 107,707 are (laves. Each of the coun- 
 ties fends 4 reprefentatives to thc' houfe 
 •of delegates ; beUde which tiie city of 
 Annapolis, the metropolis, and the town 
 of Baltimore, fend 2 each. The chief 
 towns of the ftate, btfide thefe two, are 
 Georgetown, bordering on the tity of 
 Wafiiington on the river PacowmaCjFred- 
 ericktown,Hagarflown and Elkton. Tlve 
 city of Wailiiugton v/as ceded by the 
 fiate of Virginia and M.iryhuid, 10 the 
 United States, and by them cftablifiietl 
 as the feat of their government, after the 
 year i8oo. Chefapeak bay, wliich di- 
 vides this fiate into eaftcrn and weAern 
 divilions, is the largefl in the United 
 States. From the eallern fliore in Mary- 
 land, among otlier fnialier ojits, it receive^ 
 Pokomoke, Nanticokc, Choptank, Chcl- 
 ter, Elkc, Wye, Sailafras, and Bohemia 
 rivers. From the N, the rapid Sufque- 
 hanna ; and from the W, Patapfco, Sev- 
 ern, Patuxent, Patcmak, half of which is 
 in Maryland, and half in Virginia, Gun- 
 powder and Wighcomoco. Except the 
 Sufquthanna and Patomak, theie arc 
 fmall rivers. The face of the country is 
 uniformly level and low in mcfl of the 
 counties on the eaftern fliore, and confe- ; 
 qucntiy covered, in many places, with 
 flagnant water, except where it is inter- 
 feiited by numerous creeks. Here alfo 
 are large tra(5is of marfli, which, during 
 the day, load the almofphere with vapour, 
 that falls in dew, in the dole of the ium* 
 mer and fail feafons, which are fickly. 
 Intcimittents are common, fo that the in- 
 Jiabitants have a fickly appearance. '\hQ 
 fpring and fummcr arc mofl healthy. 
 The Wpart of the ftate is crofled by rhat 
 range of mountains which pafies through 
 Pennfyivania and Virginia. The N part 
 of the ftate is varied with hills and vales. 
 The E Ihore, excepting the N part of Ce- 
 cil county, is one extenhve level. Wheat 
 and tobacco are the Itaple cemmodities. 
 In the interior country, on the uplands, 
 confiderable quantities of hemp and flax 
 arc raifed. A few raife cotton of an in- 
 ferior quality. Iheir gardens produce 
 excellent roots and vegetables. The fruit 
 of their orchards is equal to any on the 
 Continent. Pears, peaches plun.s, and 
 feveral fpecies of cherries, are plenty. 
 From their apples and peaehes.they make 
 brandy. Foreft trees, the mcft common 
 arc oak, walnut, hickory, afii, chefnut, 
 
 i;arolinc, Talbot, Somcrftt, Dorcheflcr, \ faffafras, masnoha, and feveral kinds of 
 
 pincv 
 
 H 
 
MAR 
 
 M A ^ 
 
 ptnc. The flate abounds with mines of 
 iroa ore ; furnaces and forges are erecSl- 
 ed in 6 counties. A planter in the lower 
 counties, fonictii-nes has lO or 15 hoiifes 
 on his plantation, but not one barn to 
 ilielter his cows and farming horfes from 
 fhc florms and frods of winter. Shiver- 
 ing and hungry, they have nothing but 
 a fence to defend them from the winter's 
 blaft. A plantation generally contains 
 from rco to 1000 acres. Whifky from 
 rye is made in large quantities. The 
 inhabitants, except in the populous towns, | 
 live on th°ir plantations, often feveral j 
 miles diftant from each other. To an 
 inhabitant of the middle, and efpecially of 
 the eaftern States, which are thickly peo- 
 pled, they appear to live retired and uii- 
 fociai lives. The negroes perform all the 
 ma-iual labour. Tlie inhabitants of the 
 populous towns, and rhofe from the coun- 
 try who have intercourfe with them, are 
 in their manners antl cuftoms genteel and 
 agreeable. The trade of Maryland is 
 principally carried on from Baltimore, 
 with the other Rates, with the W. Indies, 
 and with fome parts of Europe. To tliefe 
 placet they fend annually about 30,000 
 hogflieads of tobacco, befide large quau- 
 tities of wheat, flour, pig iron, lumber 
 and corn ; beans, pork, and flaxfced in j 
 fmaller quajntities; and receive in return, ; 
 clothing for themfelves and negroes, and j 
 other dry goods, wines, fpirits,fugar8, and 
 ©ther W. India commodities. The bal- 
 ance is generally in their favour. The to- 
 tal amount of exports from Dollars. Crs. 
 Baltimore in 1790, was 3^,027,777 64 
 1799 - - i<),299,6o9 CO 
 
 1801 - - 85006,290 00 
 
 Value of imports in lypOj 1,945,899 ss 
 
 1795 - - 5>8ii,3 79 55 
 
 In the year 1791, the quantity of wheat 
 exported was 205,571 bulhels ; Indian 
 corn 205,643 do. befide r5 1,445 barrels 
 of wheat flour, 4325 do. Indian meal, 6761 
 do. bread, and 3104 kegs of crackers. 
 The Roraian Catholics, who were the firft 
 fcttleis in Maryland, are the mod nu- 
 merous religious fe<5l. Btfide ihele, there 
 are Proteftant, Epifcopalians, Englifli, 
 Scotch, and Iriili Prefiiyf-crians, German 
 Calvinifts, German Lutherans, Friends, 
 Baptifts, Methodifts, Mennonifts, Nico- 
 litcs or new Qnakers ; who all enjoy lib- 
 erty of confcitnce. The feminaries of 
 learning are as follows : WaJh'ngtGP A- 
 cademy^ in Somerfet county, which was in- 
 ftituted by law in 1779. J^'^ajhingtott College^ 
 
 jaftituted at Cbeftcrtown, in Keut county, 
 
 in 17S2. By a law enacted in 17^7, S 
 permanent fund was granted to this in- 
 ilitution of 1250I. a year, currency. Sf. 
 Johns College was inftitutcd in 1784, to 
 v/hich a permanent fund is aligned, of 
 1750I. a year. This college is to beat 
 Annapolis, where a building is now pre- 
 pared for it. Very liberal fubfcriptiona 
 were obtained tovv'^ards founding.and car- 
 rying on thcfe feminaries. 'I'hc two col- 
 leges conditute one univtrhty, by the 
 name of" The Univerftty of Maryland,'*^^ 
 whereof the governor of the ftate, for the 
 time being, is cliaucellor, and the princi- 
 pal of ou -• of them, vice chancellor. The 
 Roman Catholics have alio ereiSlcd a col- 
 lege at Georgetown, on Patowmac river, 
 for the promotion of general literature. 
 In 1785, the Methodifts inftiiuted a col- 
 lege at Abington, in Harford county, by 
 the name of Cokeibury College. Every 
 neighbourhood has its fchool, where chil- 
 dren are taught reading, writing, ami 
 arithmetic. The legiflature of this ftate 
 is compofed of two diftindl branches, a 
 Senate and Honfe of Delegates, and ftyj- 
 ed, I'he General Afi cm bly of Alary land. 
 On the fecond Monday in Novemb^;r, an- 
 nually, a governor is appointed by the 
 joint ballot oflioth liouies The govern-' 
 or cannot continue in office longer than 
 3 years fucccfiivcly. Maryland was grant- 
 ed by king Charles I. to George Calvert, 
 barcm of Baltimore, in Ireland, June 20, 
 163s. The government of the province 
 was by charter, veiled in the proprietary.. 
 In the year 1689, the government was 
 taken out of the hands of lord Baltimore,, 
 by the grand convention of England ; and 
 in 1692, Mr. Copely was appointed gov- 
 ernor by commiliion from William and. 
 Mary. In 1692, the Proteftant religion 
 was eftabliflied by law. In 17 16, the gov- 
 ernment of this province was reftored to 
 the proprietary, and contir;ued in his 
 . hands, till the late revolution, when, 
 though a minor, his property in the lands 
 was confifcated, and the government af- 
 fumed by the freemen of the provinc,e> 
 who, in 1776, formed the conftitution 
 now exifting. At the clofe of the war, 
 Henry Harford, Efq. the natural fon aud 
 heir of lord Baltimore, petitioned the le- 
 giflature of Maryland, for his eftate ; but 
 his petition was not granted. Mr. Har- 
 ford eftimated his lofi of quit rents., val- 
 ued at 20 years purchafe, and including 
 arrears, at ;C*59>4S2 15:0, dollars at 7/6 ; 
 and the vaUie of his manors and referved 
 lands, at ;^3i7,44l, of the fame money. 
 
MAR 
 
 MA5 
 
 Maryland Pc'nt, is formed by abend in 
 Patowmac river, W of Port Tobacco. 
 
 Marvfourgh Tozvnfiip^ ill Prince Edward 
 CO. U. Can:ida, is iituated at the eaftern 
 end of the peuinfula which forms the bay 
 of Quinte, and lies open to hike Ontario 
 on the S. Smyth. 
 
 Miry, St. a port ca the S Hdc of the 
 Bay of Fund y. 
 
 M.iry, Cips .S/.is the mofl S promonto- 
 ry of Brazil, in S. America. 
 
 Mary, Cipe St. the poii7t of land which 
 iorms tlie N lide of the moutii of La PJa- 
 ta river in Paraguay or La Plata, in S. A- 
 mtrica. S hit. 2>5 i4.W )on. S5 3 2. 
 
 Mar-i, Ciipe St, forms the S E head land 
 rt the motuh of Piacentia i3ay, Newfouud- 
 Jahd I. 
 
 Mjry^s River, St. a branch of the Mi- 
 ftmi, which empties into L. Erie. !Sec 
 Cirf\s 7oitin. 
 
 Marys Ri'ver, St. forms a part of the 
 fouthern boundary line of the U. Siates. 
 It in part divides Georgia from E. Flori- 
 da, and is very crooked, with a wide open 
 Jnarlli on each ikle, from its mouth up- 
 wards 30 miles, where the marfli is ter- 
 minated by thick woods. It is nearly 
 Jlraigiit for 2,0 miles farther, up to -r^/Avr'j, 
 an Indian trader at the head of naviga- 
 tion ; vvliere it is like a dead creek, 4 
 fathoms deep, and 10 rods wide. It rifea 
 in the great Okafonoka or Ekanfanoga 
 Iwamp, which extends S into E. Florida. 
 It is thought to be what is called May 
 river, difcovercd by John Ribalt, in 1562. 
 Between this, and Malfau river, lies the 
 low even coafl of Amelia liland* The 
 harbours of both rivers are fpaeious, but 
 St. Mary's is the fafeil. It has 9 feet of 
 >vater at low fpring tides. It runs a courfe 
 of 150 miles, and enters the ocean between 
 the points of Amelia and Talbert's illands, 
 in lat. 30 44, and is navigable for veffe'.s 
 of conf:derable burden for 90 miles. Its 
 banks afford immenie quantities of fine 
 timber, fuitcd to the W. I. market. Along 
 this river, every 4 or 5 miles, are blufls 
 convenient for vefiels to haul to and load. 
 
 Marys, St. a pofl town and port of en- 
 try of Georgia, fituattd on St. Mary's 
 river, a few miles from its mouiii. It is a 
 fmall place, and has little trade. It is 
 J29 miles S of Savannah. N lat. 30 45, 
 W Ion. 79 12. 
 
 Marys, St. a county of Maryland, on 
 the pcninlula between Patowmac suid Pa- 
 tuxcnt rivers, 39 miles in len<'rl), and 15 
 in breadth. It contains 13,699 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 6399 are flavcs. 
 
 Mary V'llle, the crt. town of Blount c<5. 
 
 MaryfvHle, a poft town, Kncx co. Ten- 
 eflee, 561 mih s from u'afliir/gton. 
 
 Mafcorny, a conliderable pond in N. 
 Hampfnire, in the S W part of Grafton 
 CO. lying paftly in Lebanon and partly 
 in Enfield townfliips. This pond is from 
 30 to efi fathoms deep. The iurround- 
 ing land bears evident marks, that the 
 ftirface of this pond was once 3c or 40 
 feet higher than its prcfent level. Ap- 
 pearances indicate a fudden rupture, there 
 being no iign of any margin between its 
 former and prei'ent height. About a 
 mile difbnt from its outlet, there is a dc- 
 dcelivity of rocks 40 feet higher than 
 the ftream, as it now runs. By the fitu- 
 ation of thefe rocks, it appears that they 
 were once a fall, over which the water 
 flowed ; but it has now made for itfclf u 
 very deep channel, tlnough fohd earth, 
 nearly a mile in length. 
 
 Mafcautcns, an Indian nation who in- 
 habit on L. Michigan, and between that 
 and the Miirdippi. I'hc number of war- 
 riors, 400. 
 
 Majhect. Sec Hancock'' s River. 
 
 Mufon,^. county of Kentucky, on the S 
 fide of Ohio river. It is watered by a 
 number of creeks, which fall into Sandy 
 river and the Ohio, and contains 11.405 
 inhabitants, 1603 of whom are flaves. 
 
 Mafoti, a townfliip in Hillfborough co. 
 N. Hamprtiire, on the Mafi'achufetts line 
 about 70 miles W of Portfmouth, and 50 
 N Wof BoRon. It has 1179 inhabitants. 
 
 Mnfque Pocona, a jurifdiclion of Char- 
 cas, in Peru, extending above 30 leagues. 
 Its air is hot, but not too gfcat for vines. 
 The city of the fame name, where the 
 bifliop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra rcfides, 
 is very thinly inhabited; but there are 
 in other parts of the jurifdidtion, fevera! 
 populous towns. It produces all kinds 
 of grain and fruits ; honey and wax con- 
 Aitute a principal part of its trade. 
 
 Mcifques, or Chilijves and Mafffues a ju- 
 rlfdi(5tion of Cafco, in Peru, which begins 
 about 7 or 8 leagues from Cafco, extend- 
 ing about 30 in length. See Chilqucs. 
 
 Majjiu Pert, was built by the French on 
 the W bank of the Ohio, near its mouth, 
 in N lat. 37 15, II miles belov/ the mouth 
 of Teneitee river. It ftands on a high 
 ftony bank. The Rones appear to be 
 compofed of ferruginous matter and grav- 
 el. A confidci able quantity of land both 
 abovr and brlow the fort, is aiinually in- 
 undated. A number of troops are Ra- 
 tioned here. PMlcott. 
 
MAS 
 
 MAS 
 
 , MjJ[acbufetU Proper^ (which with the 
 t)iflri<£t of Maine conftitutes) one of the 
 United States of America, is fituated be- 
 tween lat. 41 13 and 43 Ji N and be- 
 tween long. 69 57 and 73 38 W. its 
 greatefl length is 190 miles, its greatcft 
 breadth 90 miles ; and is bounded N by 
 Vermont and N. Hampfliire, E by the 
 Atlantic Ocean, S by the Atlantic, 
 Rhode-Idand and Connecticut, W by N. 
 ifork. Maffachufetts Proper is divided 
 into I » counties, as in the following table : 
 
 G S* «» c s; n.*< a; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (~.> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 » 5* 
 
 »* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «• 
 
 ^ 
 
 uj 4i 
 
 « « « Ov 
 
 4^ 
 
 u 
 
 w 
 
 cc-^ 
 
 
 
 
 *« 
 
 Ui 
 
 H-t» 
 
 
 :? 
 
 u ^« 
 
 »J>A VO 
 
 vi 
 
 
 6\ 
 
 3-^ 
 
 
 i. 0. b 
 
 
 
 Ok 
 
 
 -^4! 
 
 
 
 
 \o 
 
 t 
 
 V#l 
 
 ^4 
 
 •^ 
 
 CS wj u* 
 
 l/*4i M 
 
 «J 
 
 
 
 |*v. 
 
 
 
 
 
 s-? 
 
 
 »J|»4i« ^0 
 
 Ov 
 
 v* 
 
 OJl*» 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 I ^4 h» ^J Jk ij> Ov'jJ ijj 
 
 Vl 
 
 VC 
 
 
 ?i 
 
 
 
 1 4» toV3L.*v*Uiv4 ov 
 
 vi 
 
 o\ 
 
 V3 Ov 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 5; 
 
 lihk 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a- 
 
 
 •^ '^.. 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 « 
 
 P J'^I'.^^^'J^^ 1? 
 
 w 
 
 
 ^ 5* 
 
 
 N OCONN 
 
 ojvji^ CS 
 
 >^ 
 
 *o 
 
 00 
 
 
 H 
 
 "o N 
 
 
 
 
 
 ve 
 
 -> v^ V, 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 u» 
 
 
 O N ^ CO-^> O VJ N 
 
 0\ C^'-^ 
 
 a03 
 o o- 
 o a 
 
 Q 00 5: M w w hi 2 v: 2: o n z s^ r? a 
 W?S5?£;.oc a^|3:C go 
 
 5"" 
 
 
 The population is about 60 for every 
 fquare mile. This is the only Hate in the 
 Union in which there are no Haves. The 
 weftern part of this State is fomewhat 
 Oiountainou* and hilly. Sec Nt-M'£.n' 
 
 gland, Wachufett mountain, in Princo» 
 town, Worcefter couHty, is 2989 feet a- 
 bove the level of the fea, and may be 
 feen 60 miles. In Maffachufetts are to 
 be found all the varieties of foil, from very 
 good to ve*y bad, capable of yielding ali 
 the different produdlions common to the 
 climate, fuch as Indian corn, rye, wheat, 
 barley, cats, hemp, flax, hops, potatoes, 
 field-beans and peas, apples, pears, peach- 
 es, plums, cherries, &c. That part of 
 the State which is diflinguiflied by the 
 name of the Old or Plymouth C(?/ony, inclu- 
 ding the counties of Barnftable, Duke's, 
 Nantucket, Brifiol and Plymouth, in point 
 of foil, is the poorefl pzrt of the State, 
 being generally fandy and light, intcr- 
 fperfed, however, with many excellent 
 tratfls of land. The northern, middle, 
 and weftern parts of the State have, gen- 
 erally fpcaking, a ftrong, good foil, adapt- 
 ed to grazing and grain ; very fimilar to 
 the foil of N. Hampfliire and Vermont 
 on one fide, and to that of Rhode-Ifland 
 and Connecticut oh the other. It has 
 been obferved that the effedls of the eaft 
 winds extend farther inland than former- 
 ly, and injure the tender fruits, particu- 
 larly the peach, and even the more hardy 
 apple. The ftaple commodities of thi« 
 State are fifii, beef, lumber, &c. 
 
 The country is well watered by a num- 
 ber of fmall rivers, fome of which fall in- 
 to ConneAicut river, which pafTcs fouth- 
 erly through the W part of the State; 
 others run northward to Merrimack riv- 
 er, which enters from N. Hamplliire and 
 waters the N E corner of the State; 
 others pafs into Conueclicut ai^l Rhode- 
 Ifland ; Myftick and Charles rivers fall 
 into Bofton bay ; others fall into the At- 
 lantic Ocean in different parts of the fea- 
 coaft. The chief capts arc Ann, Cod, 
 Malabar, Poge, Gay Head, &c. The 
 moft noted bays are Maffachufetts, Ip- 
 fwich, Bofton, Plymouth, Barnftable, and 
 Buzzard's. There arc many other bays 
 of lefs note. The chief iflands are Nan- 
 tucket, Martha's Vineyard, Elizabtth- 
 ifiands, and numerous fn:iail ifies in Bofton 
 Bay. 
 
 The chief iron manufadtures in this 
 State arc defcribed in the account of Ply- 
 mouth and Briftol counties, and their 
 towns Taunton, Bridgewater, Middlebor- 
 ough, &c. where nails have been made 
 in luch quantities as to prevent, in a great 
 meaiurc, the importatimi of them fromt 
 Great-Britain. Nail-making was not an 
 obje<£t of conUderabic attention, until the 
 
 Gcncraf. 
 
MAS 
 
 MAS 
 
 Ceneral Court laid a duty on imported ' 
 nails of every lize. This foon " gave 
 nerves to the arm, and motion to the 
 hammer ; and from 400 to 500 nails indif- 
 ferently made by one hand in one day, 
 'Jtooo are now well made in the fame 
 time." The machine invented by Caleb 
 Leach, of Plymouth, will cut and head 
 5,000 nails in a day, under the direcSlion 
 of a youth of either fcx. There is a ma- 
 chine for cutting nails at Amefbury, in- 
 vented by Mr. Jacob Perkins, which will 
 turn out tivo hundred thoufand nails in a 
 day. The nails are faid to havie a decid- 
 ed fuperiority over thofe of Englifli man- 
 ufadlure, and are fold 20 per cent, cheap- 
 er. ManufaAories of cotton and woollen 
 have been attempted with various fuc- 
 Cefs at Beverly, Worcefler, Boflon: and 
 Newburv. There are in this State up- 
 wards of twenty paper-mills, which make 
 more than 70,000 reams of writing, piint- 
 ing and wrapping paper annually. It 
 ■was eftimated in 1795, that jTlOjOOO 
 ■worth of paper was yearly made by thefe 
 iwills. The quantity has much incrcafed 
 fince. The other manufacftories for cot- 
 ton and wool cards, playing cards, 
 fhoes, lace, wire, &c. are noticed under 
 the defcription of Bofton, Cambridge, 
 Lynn, Ipfwich, Dedham, &c. There are 
 feveral fnulF, oil, chocolate and powder 
 mills in different parts of the State, and 
 a number of iron-works and flitting-mills, 
 befidcs other mills, in common ufc for 
 fawing lumber, grinding grain, and ful- 
 ling cloth. There were in 1792, 62 dif- 
 tilfcries in this State, employed in diflil- 
 ling from foreign materials. Orte mil- 
 Jion, nine hundred thoufand gallons have 
 been diftilled in one year, which, at a du- 
 ty of II cents a gallon, yields a revenue 
 to the government of 209,000 dollars. 
 There are indeed few articles which are 
 cffemially neceflary, and minifter to the 
 comfort and convenience of life, that are 
 not manufactured in thisStatc. This Com- 
 monwealth is remarkable for its literary, 
 humane and other focieties, which are 
 noticed in their proper places. 
 
 The militia of Maffachufetts is com- 
 pofed of all the able bodied white male 
 citi2;ens from 18 to 45 years of age, ex- 
 cepting from the enrollment, within thefe 
 Ages, clerg^'^, fchool-maflers, civil officers 
 of importance, either under the State or 
 fjrderal government, and alfo thofe who 
 have held any military commifllon what- 
 ever. The whole is formed into ro di- 
 ^ifi»n?^ which, together, compofc a body 
 
 of 5,485 infantry, 2,512 cavalry, and- 
 2,433 artillery ; the latter arc furnifhed 
 with 60 field-pieces, and with tumbrils 
 and apparatus complete. This State, in- 
 cluding the DiftriA of Maine, owns 
 more than three times as many tons of 
 fliipping as any other of the States, and 
 more than one third part of the whole 
 that belongs to the United States. Up- 
 wards of 29,000 tons are employed in 
 carrying on the fifiieries ; 46,000 in the 
 coafttng bufinefs, and 96,564 in tradin^j 
 with almoft all parts of the world. Pot 
 and pearl allies, ftaves, flax-feed, bees 
 wax, &c. are carried chiefly to Great- 
 Britain, in remittance for their manufac- 
 tures ; marts, provifions, &c. to the Eaft- 
 Indics ; fitli, oil, beef, pork, lumber, can- 
 dles, &c. are carried to the Wefl-Indi^s 
 for their produce, and the two iirfl arti- 
 cles, fifli and oil, to France, Spain, and 
 Portugal ; roots, vegetables, fruits, and 
 fmall meats^ to Noya-Scotia and N. Brunf- 
 wick ; hats, faddlery, cabinet-work, men's 
 and women's flaoes, nails, tow-cloth, bar- 
 ley, hops, butter, cheefe, &c. to the fouth- 
 ern States. The value of exports in the 
 year ending Sept. 30, 1791, was 2,445,975" 
 dollars 53 cents — in I792> 2,889,922 
 dollars — in 1793, 3>67654I2 dollars, 
 in 1794 — 5,380,703 dollars — in i8or, 
 13,492,632 dollars. For an account of 
 the climate, &c. fee New-Enrrland. The 
 chief towns of this State, befides Bcfton, 
 the metropolis, are Salem, Newbury-Port, 
 Charleflowr^, Worcefter, Northampton, 
 Springfield, &c. 
 
 Maffachufetts Sound, 0\\ the N W coafl 
 of America, is fituated on the fouthern 
 fide of the Quadras Ifles. 
 
 Maffjcrir River pafTes out of the Strait* 
 of Magellan S W into the fuppofed chan-- 
 nel of St. Barbara, which cuts tlirough the 
 ifland of Terra del Fuego, through which, 
 it is faid, Capt Mareanille of Marfeilles 
 pafTcd in 171 3 into the S. Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Muffacre Rtver^ on the N fide of the 
 Ifland of St. Domingo, falls into the bay 
 of Mancenilla, which fee. 
 
 Ma [[acre, a fmall ifland on the coaft of 
 W. Florida, 2 miles to the eaflward of 
 Horn Illand ; 10 miles from the main 
 land ; all the way acrofs there is from 2 
 to 3 fathoms; except the fhoal calltd 
 La Grand Bature, which ftretches a 
 league from the- main land, with 2 or 
 3 feet water on it, and in fome places not' 
 fo much. Behind it is a large bay called 
 L'Ance dc la Grand Bature, 8 mi'les E of 
 Pafcajjoula- 
 
M A T 
 
 MAT 
 
 3Pafcagoula BlufF. See Dauphin JJand. 
 Hutchins. 
 
 MaJJ'afuero, an ifland in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, called by the Spaniards the Lef- 
 I'er Juan Fcrnandes, 2a leagues W by S 
 of the Greater Juan Fernandcs. It has 
 always been reprefented b,y the Spaniards 
 as a barren rock, v/ithout wood, water or 
 proviiions. But Lord Anfon tound this to 
 •be a political falfity, allerted to prevent 
 hoftiie veflels from touching there. There 
 is anchorage on the N fide in deep water, 
 where a fingle fliip may be Iheltered clofc 
 under the lliore, but is expofed to all 
 winds except the fouth. According to 
 Capt. Magee, of the ihip JetFerfon, it is 
 58 leagues to the weftward of Juan Fcr- 
 nandes, and in about 33 30 S lat. and 8a 
 W long, from Greenwich. 
 
 Majfanuten s River^ a wcdern branch of 
 the Shenandoah. 
 
 Majfi'dan Bay, on the N. Pacific Ocean, 
 and W coaft of Mexico, is fituattd be- 
 tween Acapulco and Aquacara,aportnear 
 the cape of Cahfornia, where Sir Thomas 
 Cavcndifli lay after he had pafled t!ie 
 Straits of Magellan. 
 
 Mufeys-Toivn, is on the northern bank 
 of Ohio river, between Little Miami and 
 Sciota rivers. 
 
 Majfir.^ales^ Sullivan co. Tenneflec. 
 Here is a pofloQice, 437 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Majfys Crofs Roads^ in Kent CO. Mary- 
 land, is N E of New Market, S E of 
 George-Town, and S by W of SafTafras- 
 Town, about 5 miles from each. 
 
 Majl Bay, on the N fide of the Ifl- 
 and of Jamaica, in the N W part. It is 
 eaftward of Montego Bay, and near the 
 flielf of rocks that lies from the fliore, 
 called Catlin's ClifFs. i 
 
 Majlick Gut, on the S W fide of the ifl- | 
 and of St. Chriftopher's in the W. Indies, j 
 is between Moline's Gut on the N W j 
 and Godwin's Gut on the S E. j 
 
 Majiigon, a river Avhich runs weftward 
 into Lake Michigan about 1 1 miles north 
 of La Grande Riviere. It is 150 yards 
 wide at its mouth. 
 
 Mata, Point, on the northern fide of the 
 illand of Cuba, and 9 leagues N W of 
 Cape Maify. 
 
 Mataca, or Mantaca, is a commodious 
 bay on the N coaft: of the illand of Cuba, 
 where the galleons ufually come to take 
 in frefla water on their return to Spain, 
 about 12 leagues from the Hivannah. It 
 appears to be the fame as Matanze, ip 
 lat. aj la N; long %v i6 W. Peter Heyn 
 
 1[ took a great part of a rich fleet of Spait- 
 ifh galleons here in i6a7. 
 
 Mataia, a province of S. America, to- 
 wards the river Amazon, between the 
 mouth of Madeira and Tapaifa rivers. 
 
 Matanca, OX Mariances, a iliort and 
 hroad river of E. Florida which falls into 
 the ocean S of St. Auguftine. 
 
 MataticLel, a fea port on the W coafl 
 of N. Mexico, about ao leagues to the 
 N E of the the rocks of Ponteque, over 
 which, in clear weather, may he feen z 
 very high hill, with a break on the top, 
 called the hill of Xalifco, 8 or 9 leagues 
 from the port. 
 
 Matane, Great and Little, rivers in Low- 
 er Canada, which fall from the S into 
 the St. Lawrence near its mouth. The 
 mouth of the Matane rivers of Canada, 
 is capable of admitting veflels of aoo tons 
 burthen. All this coaft, efpecially near 
 this river, for ao leagues, abounds in cod, 
 which might employ 500 fhallops or fifli- 
 ing fmacks at a time. The filli is very 
 fine, and fit for exportation to the Straits, 
 Spain and the Levant. Great numbers of 
 whales hare been alfo feen floating upon 
 the water, which may be ftruck with a 
 harpoouj and prove a very valuable fifli- 
 ery. 
 
 Matanzas, or Matance, a large bay oa 
 the N fide of the ifland of Cuba, 16 
 leagues S E of the Havannah. 
 
 Matwuia Bay, or Port Royal Bay, is fit- 
 uated within Point Venus near the N 
 part of the illand of Otahcite, but open 
 to the N W and in the S. Pacific Ocean. 
 The eafl: fide of the bay has good anchor- 
 age in 14 and 16 fathoms. S lat. 17 a9, 
 W long. 149 30, and the variation of the. 
 compafs 3 34 eaft. 
 
 Matfchcdafj, a bay in the eaflern part 
 of L. Huron, into which the river Severa 
 empties, and forms a communication with 
 with L. Simcoe, which fee. 
 
 Mathanon Port, in the S E part of the 
 iiland of Cuba, is one of thofe ports on 
 that coafl which afford good anchorage 
 for fliips, but without any ufe for want: 
 of them. It is between Cape Cruz and 
 Cape Maizi. at the eafi end of the iiland, 
 
 Matheo River, \\\ E Florida, or St. Johns^ 
 which fee. 
 
 Mathcivs, Fort, ftands on the eaftera 
 fide of Oconee river, in the S wtflera 
 part of Franklin co. Georgia. 
 
 Matheivs, a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ed W by Gloucefler, from which it wajs 
 taken fince 1790 ; lying on the W lliorc 
 of the bay of Ch^fiipeak. It is about i8 
 
M A T 
 
 M A XJ 
 
 snil€5 in length and 6 in breadth. It cftn- 
 jtains 3,ooa free inhabitants and 2,804 
 flaves. 
 
 Mathaloi Jllver, on the W coafl of N. 
 Mexico, is 7 leagues from Catalta Strand, 
 or the port of Sanfonatc. It is much expof- 
 cd to northerly winds, and is knovyn by 
 fome fmall but high hills that arc oppofite 
 to it. There is another large river to the 
 ■weftward of it, about 4 leagues, which 
 has a fathoms upon the bar ; and from 
 thence to the bar of Eftapa it is 15 leagues. 
 
 Matilda ^2. village of Virginiajfituatcd on 
 the S W bank of Patowmac river, above 
 "Wafhington city, and near the Great 
 Palls. 
 
 Matilda Toivnjh'p, in the county of 
 Bundas, in Upper Canada, is the fixth 
 townfliip in afcending the river St. Law- 
 rence, a few miles N W of Ofwcgatchie. 
 
 Matinicus Jfiands^ on the coafl of Maine. 
 When you pafs to the weft of thefe iil- 
 ands, the main pafiage from the fea to 
 Penobfcot Bay lies about N by W. Ma- 
 tinicus lies N lat. 43 56, W long. 68 
 ao. 
 
 Malta de Brazil^ a town in the captain- 
 fhip of Pernambuco, in Brazil ; about 9 
 leagues from Olinda. It is very populous ; 
 and quantities of Brazil wood are fent 
 from this country to Europe. 
 
 Maitapony^ a navigable river of Virgin- 
 ia, which rifes in Spottfylvania county, 
 and running a S E courfe, joins Pamunky 
 liver, below the town of De la War, and 
 together form York river. This river will 
 admit loaded floats to Downer's bridge, 
 70 miles above its mouth. 
 
 Mattes, on the E coaft of S. America, in 
 the S Atlantic Ocean, is in lat-. 45 5 S, 
 and long. 64 25 W, 
 
 Matibeo If and, St. or St. Matthiius JJland, 
 jn the S Atlantic Ocean. S lat. i 24. 
 
 Mattbexus, a county of Virginia, 18 
 jniles long and fa broad, bounded W by 
 Gloucefler, N by Middlefex, E by the 
 Chefapeak, and Sby A-Iobjack bay. At 
 the court houfe is a pofl office, 193 miles 
 irom Wafliington. 
 
 Mattatueh, Suffolk co. N. York, in 
 t^outhold townfliip, on Long-Ill. Sound. 
 Here is a port office, 345 miles from Wa{h- 
 ington. 
 
 Matthe'ius Bay, St. in the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico, on the W fhore of Campeachy Gulf, 
 is more than too leagues to. the N of 
 Tambez. 
 
 MattbcLus., St. or Mattben Bay, on the 
 coafl: of Peru, on the N. Pacific Ocean, is 
 6 leagues to the N E by E from Point 
 
 Galcra, and 5 or 6 leagues S S W from^ 
 the river St. Jago, between which there 
 is anchorage all the way, if fhips keep at 
 leafl in 6 fathoms water. It is all high 
 land with hollow red crags, and feveral 
 points run out, forming good retreats for 
 fhips driven in by hard (quails and flaws 
 from the hills, and by the feas running 
 high, which often happen. 
 
 Maugerville, a townfliip in Sunbury 
 CO. province of N. Brunfwick, on St. 
 John's river, oppofite St. Annes, 30 miles 
 above Beliile. 
 
 Maura. See Society T/lands. 
 
 Maurepas, an ifland on the N E coaft 
 of L. Superior, in Upper Canada, and N 
 P of Ponchartrain ifland, about halfway 
 between Elbow Ifland, and the bay of 
 Michiplcocen. 
 
 Maurepas, a lake in W. Florida, which 
 communicates weftward with the Mifli- 
 fippi river, through the Gut of Ibberville, 
 and eaftward with Lake Ponchartrain. 
 It is 10 miles long, 7 broad, and has to or 
 12 feet water in it. The country around 
 it is low, and covered with cyprcfs, live- 
 oak, myrtle, &c. Two creeks fall into 
 this lake, one from the N fide, called 
 Nuttabanie, the other from the peninfula 
 of Orleans. From the Ibberville at its 
 juncfcion with Maurepas to the river 
 Amit is 39 miles, and from thence, fol- 
 lowing the Ibberville, to the Miflifippi at 
 the W fiJe of the peninfula of Orleans, 
 ai miles. From the Ibberville acrofs the 
 lake, it is 7 miles to the paffage leading 
 to Ponchartrain. The length of this paf- 
 fage is 7 miles, and only 300 yards in 
 width, which is divided into two branch- 
 es by an ifland that extends from Mau- 
 repas to about the diftance of a mile from 
 Ponchartrain. The fouth channel is the 
 dcepeft and fliorteft. The pafl^age thence 
 through Lake Ponchartrain, to the Gulf 
 of Mexico, is above 50 miles. HutcbJns. 
 
 Maurepas JJland, on the coaft of Cape 
 Breton, the fame as the JJle Madame; 
 which fee. 
 
 Maurice Bay, pn the W fide of Cape 
 Farewell Ifland, or S extremity of E Green- 
 land, and the principal harbour of that 
 fea. 
 
 Maurice, Port, pn the E coaft of Terra 
 del Fuego Ifland, is on the W fhore of Lc 
 Mrire Straits, between that ifland and 
 Staten Land on the E and N of the bay 
 of Good Succefs. It is a fmall cove, hav- 
 ing anchorage before it in li^ fathoms, 
 about half a mile from the fhore, over 
 coral rocks. 
 
 Maurifff 
 
MAY 
 
 M E C 
 
 Maurice^ or Morris^ a river of N. Jerfey, 
 which runs foutherly, through Cumber- 
 land CO. into Delaware Bay. It is navi- 
 gable for veflels of too tons ao miles, and 
 for fmall craft confiderably further. 
 
 Maxantalla JJland, is near the port of 
 Matanchcl on the W coaft of N. Mexico, 
 and on the N Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Mayy Gape, the moft foutherly point of 
 land of the State of N. Jerfey, and the N 
 point of the entrance into Delaware Bay 
 and river, in lat. 39, and long. 74 56 W. 
 The time of high water on fpring-tide 
 days, is a quarter before nine o'clock. 
 
 I^ay Countyy Cape. See Cape, 
 
 May Foint, on the S fide of Newfound- 
 land Ifland, a point of the pcninfula be- 
 tween Fortune and Placentia Bays. 
 
 Afayaguana^ one of the Bahama iflands 
 in the W. Indies, and the fame with 
 Maranella, and in lat. ax 51 N at the N 
 pointj and long. 72 57 W. 
 
 Mayjield, a. townfhip in Montgomery 
 CO. N. York, adjoining Brcadabin on the 
 N W, taken from Caughnawaga, and in- 
 corporated in 1793. It has 876 inhabitants. 
 
 May's Lick, in Mafon co. Kentucky, a 
 fait fpring on a branch of Licking river, 
 9 miles S S W of Wafhington, on the 
 fouth bank of the Ohio, and \$ northerly 
 of the Blue Licks. 
 
 Maynas, a government, formerly the 
 caftcrn limit of the jurifdidlion of Quito 
 in Peru, and joining on the E to the 
 governments of Quixos and Jaen de Bra- 
 eamoros. In its territory arc the fources 
 of thofe rivers, which, after traverfmg a 
 vaft extent, form, by their confluence, 
 the famous river of the Amazons. It is 
 feparated from the poflefllons of the Por- 
 tuguefe, by the famous line of demarca- 
 tion, or the boundary of thofe countries 
 belonging to Spain and Portugal. Its 
 capital is San Frawrifco de Borja, the ref- 
 idence of the governor, but the Superior 
 refides at Santiago de la Lsguna. There 
 are feveral miffions in the government of 
 Maynas, and diocefs of Quito, particu- 
 larly I a on the river Napo, and 24 on 
 the Maranon or Amazon ; many of them 
 are both large and populous. 
 
 Mayo River, on the eafl: fhore of the 
 Gulf of California, and W coart; of New 
 Bifcay, in the province of that name, 
 forms a fpacious bay at its mouth, in lat. 
 17 40 N and long. 114 W. 
 
 Mayf-vUle^ a poil town, Mafon co. Ken- 
 tucky, 484 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Mayzi, the eaftern cape of the ifland 
 of Cuba, and the wcftern point of the 
 
 windward paffagc. N lat. 10 l^ 30, W 
 long, from Paris 76 40 30. See Maify. 
 
 Mazaltcn, a province of iVIexico, wcl^ 
 watered by the Alyarado, which dif- 
 charges itfelf by 3 navigable mouths, at 
 30 miles diftance from Vera Cruz. 
 
 M^ado'.vs, a fmall river which falls into 
 Cafco Bay, Maine. 
 
 MeaJfviUe, on a fork of French Creek; 
 a branch of the Alleghany, in Pennfylva- 
 nia, Crawford co. N lat. 41 36, an4 
 about 23 miles N W of Fort Franklin, at 
 the mouth of the creek. A pnfl cScc i» 
 eftabliflied in this town, 347 miles from 
 Wafliington. It has rjjt inhabitants. 
 
 Mecatina, Great, Pcint of, OH the S 
 coaft of Labrador, and the N fhore of 
 the Oulf of St. Lawrence, in N. America. 
 N lat. 50 4Z,W long. 59 13. 
 
 Mecatina IJland, Little, on the fame 
 coafl and iliore, lies S W of Great Mecat- 
 ina. N. lat. 30 36. 
 
 Mechoacan, a province in the audience 
 of Mexico, bounded N by part of Pa- 
 nuco and the provinces of Z^catccas 
 Gaudalajara, E by another part of Pa- 
 nuco and Mexico Proper, S by the 
 latter and the S. Sea, which togeth- 
 er with Xalifco, bound it a!fo on the 
 W and N W. It extends 70 leagues along 
 the coaff, and ftill farther inland. The 
 climate is good, and the foil remarkably 
 fruitful. There are here mines of filver, 
 and a few of gold and copper. Among 
 its numerous prcdudlions arc cocoa, me- 
 choacan-root, feveral odoriferous gams 
 and balfams, farfaparilla, ambergris, va- 
 nilla, caflia, &c, Mechoacan was former- 
 ly a krngdom, but the Spaniards have re- 
 duced it to a biflioprick, in which are 
 about aoo towns of civilized native*. 
 The greateft part of the trade of this 
 province is carried on by land, there be- 
 ing hardly any fca- ports dcferving that 
 name. 
 
 Mechoacan, an Epifcopal city and cap- 
 ital of the province of its name, fituated 
 on a large river, well ftored with fifh, 
 near the W fide of a lake, about 120 
 miles W of Mexico. It is a large place, 
 having a fine cathedral and handfome- 
 houfcs belonging to rich Spaniards, who' 
 own the filvcr mines at Guanaxoato or 
 Guaxafiata. 
 
 Mecklenburg^ a county of Virginia, 
 bounded S by the State of N. Carolina. 
 It contains Z,2>i'^ free inhabitants, and 
 8,676 flaves. 
 
 MeciUnburg, in the above co. has a poft 
 office, 246 miles from Wafiiington. 
 
 Afccklenbutg^ 
 
M E © 
 
 MEN 
 
 Meekhnhurg, a CO. of N Carolina, in 
 Salifbury diflria:, bounded S by the State 
 of S Carolina. It contains 10,317 inhab- 
 itants, (jf whom 1,931 circ Haves. Chief 
 town, Charlotte. 
 
 Medfcld, a townfhip in Norfolk co. 
 MafTachufetts, 20 miles fouthwefterly of 
 Bofton. It was incorpoiated in 1650, and 
 contains 745 inhabitants. 
 
 MeJford, a. pleafant, thriving, compatSl 
 town in Middlefex co. MalTachufetts, 4 
 miles north of Bofton, fituated on Myf- 
 tick river, 3 miles from its mouth. The 
 river is navigable for fmall veflels to this 
 place, where it meets the Middlefex ca- 
 nal. The tov/nfliip was incorporated in 
 1630, and contains 1,114 inhabitants, 
 •who arc noted for their indoftry. Here 
 is a poft office. Alfo four diftilleiies, 
 which have difliiled in one year, 25^,450 
 gallons of rum. About four millions 
 of bricks, are alfo made annually in 
 this town, the greater part of which 
 are carted to Bofton. 
 
 Mcdoau^ a fettlement in N. Brunfwick, 
 fituated on th-^ W fide of St. John's river, 
 ^^ miles above St. Annes. 
 
 Midcr&fia^ a lake in the N part of 
 Maine, whofe northern point is within 8 
 miles of the Canada line, in lat. 47 ^t and 
 long. 68 22 W. It gives rife to Spey river, 
 which runs S S E into St. John's river. 
 
 Meduncool, a plantation in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, 40 miles E S E of WifcafTet, hav- 
 ing 380 inhabitants. 
 
 Medivay, a pofl town in Norfolk co. 
 MafTachufetts, bounded E and S by 
 Charles river, which fcparates it from 
 Medfield, and of which it was a part un- 
 til 1713. It has two pariflits of Congre- 
 gationalifls, and contains 1050 inhabit- 
 ants. It is 25 miles S W of Bofton, on 
 the middle pofl-road from thence to 
 Hartford. 
 
 Medivayy Of M'ldivay, a fettlement in 
 Liberty co, Georgia, formed by emigrants 
 from Dorchefter, in S. Carolina, about 
 the year 1750, and whofe anceftors mi- 
 grated from Dorchefter and the vicinity 
 of Bofton about the year 1700. A hand- 
 fome Congregational meeting-hcufe, be- 
 longing to this fettlement. wasbnrnt by the 
 Britilli during the war, and the fettle- 
 ment was deftroyed. It has fiace recov- 
 ered its former importance. Alcdway is 
 30 miles fouth of Savannah, and 9 weft 
 of Sunbury. I 
 
 M'-KcJfeiiLutg, 2l town of Pcnnfylvania, 
 York countv, on Torn'* Cfcck, 40 miles 
 W S W of York. 
 
 Mcherrin^ a principal branch of Chow- 
 an river, in N. Carolina, which rifcs irs 
 Charlotte co. Virginia, and running 
 an E by S courfe, unites with the Not- 
 t*r/ay about 7 miles S of the Virginia 
 line. Se-e Chowan Rimer. 
 
 Mdaque JPort, on the W coaft of New- 
 Mexico, is to the N W of Port Nativi- 
 dad, or Nativity, and near 3 leagues at 
 S E from a row of 4 or 5 rocks, or naked 
 iflands above water, in the direction of 
 I N W. This port is land-locked againft 
 ail winds from the N W to the S W. 
 
 Mela, or Mala, on the coaft of Peru ia 
 S. America, lies between Canctte and 
 Chilca. It is 3 leagues from Alia Iflaxid, 
 whole latitude is about 136 S. 
 
 MdaivaOiay a French fettlement of 
 about 70 families, feciudcd in a lingular 
 manner from the reft of mankind, in the 
 north-cafternpartof the Diftridl of Maine. 
 Thefe people are Roman Catholics, and 
 arc induftrious, humane, and hofpitable. 
 Mdctecunk Rivcry in Monmouth cov 
 N. Je^rfev, falls caftward into Beaver 
 Dam, which is at the head of the bay 
 which is N of Cranberry New Inlet. 
 
 Memoroncok, a ftream a little weft of 
 Byram river. Douglafs fays, the partition 
 line between N. York and Connecticut, 
 as fettled Dec. x, 1664, ran from ihe 
 mouth of this river N N W, and was the 
 ancient limits of N. York, until Nov. 2-^^ 
 1683, when the line was lun nearly the 
 fame as it is now fettled. 
 
 Memory Rocks, amongft the Bahama 
 Iflands, arc in lat. 27 20 N and long. 79 
 40 W. 
 
 Memphremagog^ a lake chiefly in thff 
 province of Canada, 40 miles in length 
 from N to S and 2 or 3 wide from E to 
 W. The N line of Vermont State pafTes 
 over the S part of the lake in 45 N lat. 
 Memphrcmagog, which has communica- 
 tion, by the river St. Francis, with St. 
 Tawrence river, is the refervoir of 3 con- 
 liderable ftreanis, viz. Black, Barton, and 
 Clyde rivers, which rife in Vermont. 
 The foil on its banks is rich, and the coun- 
 try round it is level. See Vermont^ &c. 
 
 Mcmramcook, River Iias been recommen- 
 ded as the moft proper boundary between 
 tlie province of N. Brunfwick and Nova- 
 Scotia. It lies a little to the caftward of 
 Petitcodiak, and takes a nortlieafterly di- 
 redtion. 
 
 Menadou Bay, or Panadou, is 1 leagues 
 from Port Balenc, or Port Nove, on tiie 
 coaft of Cape Breton llland, at the S part 
 of the gulf of St. Lawtcuce, having the 
 
 iiljiuol 
 
U £■ 1^' 
 
 M E R 
 
 j^and" of Scatari, heretofore called Little 
 Cape Breton, oppcfite to it. 
 
 MenSam^ a tovvnfhip in Morris co. 
 N. Jcrfey, 3 miles northwefterly of 
 Vealtown, and 6 W of Morriftown. 
 
 Mendocino, Cape, iituated on the weftern 
 coad of America, in lat. 40 19 N, long. 
 124 7 \V, is formed by two promontories 
 about ten miles apart. Nearly a league 
 from the fliorc, lie federal funken rocks, 
 on which the fea continually beats with 
 great violence. This cape is remarkable 
 only for its being the higheft land on the 
 Ihore of this part of N.Albion. Vancowjer. 
 
 Mendon, a pofl-town in Worcefter co. 
 Mallachufetts, 37 miles S W of Bofton. 
 This townfliip, called ^anjhipauge by 
 the Indians, was incorporated in 1667, 
 and contains ^ Congregational pariflies, 
 a foclety of Friends, and i,6i8 inhabit- 
 ants. It is bounded on the S by the 
 State of Rhode-Kland ; watered by the 
 Charles and Mill rivers, and other fmall 
 ftreams, which ferve 5 grift-mills, i faw- 
 mills, a clothier's works, and a forge. 
 There are 3 hills here, viz. Caleb's, Wig- 
 wam, and Mifkee, from either of which 
 may be fctrn, in a clear day, the four 
 New England States. 
 
 Mendoza^ a ji!rifdi(5lion in Chili, in S. 
 America. It has a town of the fame 
 name, and lies on the caft fide of the Cor- 
 dillera, about 50 leagues from Santiago, 
 in a plain adorned with gardens, well 
 fupplied with water by means of canals, 
 The town contains about 100 families, 
 h&lf Spaniards and the other half caHs, 
 together with a college founded by the 
 Jcfuits, a parochial church, and 3 con- 
 Vctits. In the jurifdidlion are alfo the 
 towns of 3t. Juan de la Frontsra, on the 
 E of the Cordillera, and^about 30 leagues 
 N of Mendoza ; and St. Louis de Loyo- 
 la, about 50 E of Mendoztt ; the Utter 
 is very fmall, hut has a par-iHi church, a 
 Dominican convent, and a college found- 
 ed bv the Jcfuits. 
 
 MfTtdoza, a river which rifes in- the 
 C'^rdillera of the Andes in S. America. 
 Over this river i$ a natural bridge of 
 rocks, from the vaults of which hang fev- 
 eral pieces of ftone refembling fait, which 
 congeal like ificle", as the water drops 
 from the rock. This bridge is broad 
 enough for 3 or 4 carts to pafs abreaft. 
 Near this is another bridge, called the 
 bridge of the Incas, betwixt two rocks ; 
 and "fo very high from the river, that 
 the ftream, which runs with great rapid- 
 ity, cannot be heard," 
 
 McnhJjiiih Lake, in the N W coafb of 
 America, lies in lat. 61 N long. 105 W, 
 North of this is Lake Dobount. 
 
 Meniolagomelah, a Moravian fettlemcnt 
 E of the Great Swamp, at the head of 
 Lehigh river in Pennfylvania, about 33 
 miles N W by N of Bethlehem. 
 
 Menolopen, a wealthy and pleafant farm*' 
 ing fettlement, in Monmouth co. N. Jcr- 
 fey ; making a part of a rich glade of 
 land, extending from-thefea, weftward to 
 Delaware river. It is i8 miles S E of 
 Princeton, 
 
 McraJJ-^eeTi TJand^'m Placenria B<iy, New- 
 foundland Ifland. 
 
 Mercer,^. CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded' 
 N by Crawford, E by Venango, S E by 
 Butler, S by Beaver, and W by Ohio 
 State. It is about 40 miles long, and 27 
 broad, containing about 642.C00 acres, 
 The principal creeks are Neflianockj 
 Shenango, and Pymatuning. The inhab- 
 itants are 3,z-iO. 
 
 Mercer, a CO. of Pvcntucky, adjoining- 
 Woodford, Shelby, and Madifon coun- 
 ties. It contains 9^241 inhabitants, of 
 whom r/,169 are Haves. Harrodfburg is 
 the chief rown. 
 
 Mercerjborot'rrjj, a village of Pennfylva- 
 nia, S E of North Mountain, and about 
 13 miles S W of Chamberfburg. 
 
 Mercer's Cteek, in the N E part of the- 
 ifland of Antigua, in the W. Indies, is a 
 pretty-deep inlet of the coaft, the entrance' 
 to which is between the iflands of Cod- 
 rington. Crumps, or Pelican. 
 
 Mfrcha!'t''s Careening Fiacr, wit^iin thr' 
 harbour of Po?'? Roval in Jamaica, on the 
 N iide of the long peninfula. Along this 
 narrow ilip of beach is the only way to 
 pafs by land to Port Ruyal, for 9 or ro 
 miles,, the careening place being almoft at 
 midw.iy. but fomcwhat nearer to the E 
 end of the pcninfu'a. 
 
 Mccy, Cape of Gud's, the moft fouthcrh- 
 poiutof Cumberland's Idand.on theN udc 
 of Cumberland's Strait?, in lat. about 6fy 
 N and has Cspe Walfingham on its N E, 
 and Exeter Sound on its north. 
 
 Msredithy Capty among the Falkland 
 Iflands in the S. Atlantic Ocean is be- 
 tween Port Stephen's and Cape Orford. 
 
 Mertdith, a townfliip in Strafford co. 
 N. Hampfhire, on the S W ^\A& of Lake- 
 Winipifeogee, 15 miles N of Gilmantown^ 
 9 S E of Plymoirth, and 70 N Wof Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 1768. 
 It was fir ft called New Salem. 
 
 McrkJa, the capital of Yucatan, in the 
 audieace of Alcxico, Ic lie* near the K 
 
 fids 
 
M E R 
 
 M E R 
 
 G<Je of the province, between the gul fs of 
 Meiico and Honduras ; 45 miles S of the 
 Ocean, and 135 N £ of the city of Cam- 
 peachy. N iat. 21 38, W long. 90 26- 
 
 Meriday a town of New Granada, in S. 
 America, fituated near the limits which 
 divided the province from Venczula. 
 The foil round this place abounds with 
 fruit of all forts, and there are gold mines 
 near it. It is about 54 miles from Lake 
 Maracaybo, 130 N E of Pampeluna, and 
 a6o N E of St. Fe. The inhabitants 
 fend their fruit and merchandize to Trux- 
 illo. N Iat. 8 30, W long. 71. 
 
 Meredith, a poft town, Delaware co. N. 
 Tork, 456 miles N E from Wafhington, 
 aj miles S of Cooperftown. 
 
 Merint, a large lake in Paraguay in S. 
 America, veiy near the coaft of the S. 
 Atlantic Ocean, where the land is very 
 fiat. Fort St. Miguel fiands at the S end, 
 and Fort Mangaveira:, at its northcaftern 
 extremity. There is a very narrow lake, 
 parallel to Lake Merim between it and 
 the ocean, and nearly as long. The forts 
 command the extremities of the peninfu la. 
 
 Merimeg, or Marameg, a hrge river of 
 Louifiana, which empties into the MiiB- 
 fippi, below the mouth of the MiiTouri, 
 and 50 miles above the fettlement of 
 Genivieve. Fine meadows lie between 
 this and the Mifiburi. 
 
 MerioHy Upper and Lozuer, 1 tOwnfhips 
 in Montgomery co. Pennfylvania, the firft 
 hae 993, the latter 1,42a inhabitants. 
 
 Xiicro BiJlriSl, in Tenneflcc, on the 
 banks of Cumberland river ; fo called as 
 an cxpreflion of gratitude to Governor 
 Mero of W Florida for fome kind offices 
 he rendered the fettlement. It compre- 
 hends 7 counties, and contains 32,178 
 inhabitants, including 8074 flaves. By 
 the State cenfus of 1795 there were 
 14,390 inhabitants, of which number 
 ayf^66 were flaves. 
 
 Mero Point, in the S. Pacific Ocean and 
 coaft of Peru, between Cape Blanco to 
 the S W and Tumbez river to the N E, 
 on the S E fide of Guayaquil Bay, in Iat. 
 3 40 S. The coafl: at the point of Mero 
 is low and flat, but the country within is 
 high and mountainous. 
 
 Merrimack Rinter^ has its courfe fouth- 
 erly through the State of N. Hampfhire, 
 till it enters Mairaciiufetts ; it then turns 
 eafterly, andpaflcs into the ocean at Ncw- 
 bury-Port. This river is formed by the 
 confluence of Pemi<:^ewafrct and Winni- 
 pifeogee rivers, in about lar. 43 z6, and is 
 navigable for velTcls of burden about 2C 
 
 miles from its mouth, where it is obftf udt^ 
 ed by the firfl: falls, or rapids, called 
 Mitchell's Eddy, between Bradford and 
 Haverhill. Vaft quantities of fhip-tim- 
 ber, and various kinds of lumber are 
 brought down in rafts, a great part of 
 which will nnd its way to Bofton, through 
 the Middlcfex Canal, which is now near- 
 ly completed. Sec Middlefex Canal. In 
 the fpring and fummer, confiderablc 
 quantities of falmon, fliad andi alewives 
 are caught, which are either ufed as bait 
 in the cod-fifhery, or pickled, and fhip- 
 ped to the Weft-Indies. As many as 6 
 or 7 bridges have been thrown over this 
 fine river at different diftances, from New- 
 Concord downwards ; the rilofl elegant 
 and cxpenfive are the one two miles 
 above Newbury-Port, and the one at 
 Haverhill. The bar acrofs the mouth of 
 this river is a very great impadiment to 
 navigation, and is efpecially terrible to 
 ftrangers. There are 16 feet of water 
 upon It at common tides. There are two 
 light-houfes of wood, removable at pleaf- 
 ure, according to the fliifting of the bar. 
 The light now bears E :| N and W -^ S. 
 Bringing both the light-houfes to bear 
 into one, until you are abreaft of the' 
 lower one, will bring you in oVer the 
 bar in the dcepcft water ; where is a bold 
 fhore and good anchoring ground. The 
 N point of Plum-Ifland which forms the 
 S fide of the entrance into the river, lies' 
 in Iat. 42 47 40. 
 
 Merrimack, a townfhip In Hillfborough 
 CO. N. Hampdiire, on the W bank of 
 Merrimack river, 8 or 10 miles S E of 
 Amherft. It has 926 inhabitants. 
 
 Merrimicbi River, falls into the head of 
 a bay of that name on the N E coafi: of 
 the province of N. Brunfwick. A little 
 above its confluence with the bay, it di. 
 vidcs it into two branches, and runs 
 through a fertile tract of choice interval 
 land ; and the land is, in general, well 
 cloathcd with timber of all kinds. From 
 this river there is a communication with 
 St. John's, partly by land, but principally 
 by water carriage in canoes. The fal- 
 mon iifliery is carried on with fuccefs, 
 and the cod-fifhery is improving near the 
 entrance of the bay. 
 
 Mcrryconccry. See Harpf-well. 
 
 M'try-Mcttirg Bay, in StraiFord co. N, 
 Hampfliire, is the foath-eafternmoft arm 
 of Lake Winnipifeogec. Mount Major 
 flauds on its weft fide, 
 
 M'r>y-Meetir>^ Bay,'m Maine, Is formed 
 
 by the jundliou of Andiofcoggln and 
 
 Kennebcck 
 
MEW 
 
 M E X 
 
 JCennebcck rivers, oppofite to the town 
 of Woolwich, 20 miles from, the fea. 
 Formerly, from this bay to the fea, the 
 confluent ftream was called Sagadahock. 
 The lands here are good. Steven's river 
 heads within a mile of the bay, and a ca- 
 nal has lately been opened which unites 
 thefe waters. There is a bridge over An- 
 drofcoggin river, at its 'entrance into the 
 bay, conne(5ting the towns of Brunfwlck 
 and Topfliam ; the former on its fouth- 
 crn fide, the latter on its northern fide. 
 
 M^rfca townfliip, in the co. of EiTex, in 
 Upper Canada, lies on lake Erie weft of 
 Romney. 
 
 Mjrteque, a town in the province of 
 Honduras in N. Spain, which produces 
 the cochineal. 
 
 Mefa^ La^ the foiithernmofl of 4 ifles 
 in the Pacific Ocean, near to each other, 
 and E of the Sandwich Ifles. N lat. 19, 
 "W long. 137 30. 
 
 Msjfafagucs^ or Mijfafagas^ a tribe of In- 
 dians, inhabiting on a river of this name, 
 -which empties in the N W part of Lake 
 Huron. A few years ago, this tribe num- 
 bered 500 warriors, now but 80. 
 
 Mcffsrjhurg^ a poft town in Franklin co. 
 Penni'ylvania, 16 miles S Wof Chamberf- 
 burg, 1 68 W by 8 of Philadelphia, and 
 86 N from Wafhington. 
 
 Mejfillones ^ or Mufcle Bay, on the coaft of 
 Chili or Peru, in S. America, is S leagues 
 N by E of Morrenas bay, and 5 S by W 
 of Atacama. It is properly within the 
 bay of Atacama, and is fo deep on the S 
 fide that there is no foundings ; but at the 
 entrance or anchoring-place it is moder- 
 ate, and fliips may ride in 15 fathoms, clean 
 ground, and fecured from moft winds. 
 
 Mijlre Bay, Little^ on the N E part of 
 Newfoundland Ifland, fouthward of St. 
 Julian, and N by W of the iflands Gros 
 and Belle. 
 
 Metaivaumleag,3, largenorthcrly branch 
 of Penobfcot river, about 25 miles above 
 the Paikataques, and 30 above Pafadun- 
 keag. About 15 miles from its conflu- 
 ence with Penobfcot it receives its N and 
 S branches, each of which extend more 
 than zo miles. 
 
 Metchigamias , a long narrow lake, or 
 rather dilatation of the northern branch of 
 the river St. Francis, in Loulfiana, which 
 falls into the Miififippi from the N W 
 about 4 miles above Kappas Old Fort. 
 
 Methusn^ a town in EfTex co. Maflachu- 
 fetts, on the N bank of Merrimack river, 
 between Dracut and Haverhill. It con- 
 tains % pariflies and 1,253 inhabitants. 
 
 V»L, I. S s 
 
 M:iv Tjtands, on the coaft of the Span* 
 ifla Maia in the W. Indies, between Cape 
 Cameron, and Cape Gracias a Dios, li» 
 acrofs the entrance into the bay of Co- 
 troe, or Crotoe. They are furrounded 
 with rocks, and are very dangerous, ef- 
 pecially in cafe of hard gufls from the N 
 and N E. 
 
 M^xicano Rh>er, or Adjyes, in Louifiana, 
 has a S E courfe and empties into the 
 gulf of Mexico, at Cabo du Nord ; W by 
 S of Afcenfion bay, and E by N of the 
 mouth of Trinity river. On its banks are 
 faid to be rich filver mines : Fort Adayes 
 ftaads on its north-eaftern fide, ao miles 
 from Natchitoches, in about lat. 30 3 £ N. ' ^^f^" 
 
 Mexico, a town in Oneida co. N. York, 
 on the road between Oneida lake, and 
 Ofvvego, about so miles from each. Tlie 
 townflup is extenfive, embracing a num- 
 ber of towns. 
 
 Mixko, or N'eiv Spaif!, bounded N by 
 unknown regions, E by Louifiana and 
 the gulf of Mexico, fouth by the Ifthmus 
 of Darlen, which feparates it from Terra 
 Firma in S. America, W by the Pacific 
 Ocean. Its length is about 2, too miles, 
 its breadth i6oo; fituated between lat. 9 
 and 40 N and between long. 83 8 and 
 125 8 W. This vafl: country Is divided 
 into OIJ Mexicoy which contains the audi- 
 ences of Galicia, Mexico, and Gautima- 
 la, which are fubdivided into 22 prov- 
 inces ; Nezu Mexico, divided into two 
 audiences, Apacheira and Sonora ; and 
 California, on the W a penlnfula. The 
 land is in great part abrupt and moun- 
 tainous, covered witlx thick woods, and 
 watered with large rivers. Some of 
 thefe run into the Gulf of Mexico, and 
 others into the Pacific. Ocean. Among 
 the firft are thofe cf Alvarado, Coatzacu- 
 alco, and Tabafco. Among the latter is 
 the river Guadalaxara or Great river. 
 There are feveral lakes Avhich do not Ief» 
 embellifh the country than give conveni- 
 ence to the commerce of the people- 
 The lakes of Nicaragua, Chapallan, and 
 Pazaquaro, are among the largefl:. The 
 lakes Tetzuco and Chalco occupy a great 
 part of the vale of Mexico, which is the 
 fineft tratfh of country in New Spain. 
 The waters of Chalco are fweet, thofe of 
 Tetzuco are brackifl). A canal unites 
 them. The lower lake, (Tetzuco) was 
 formerly as much as 20 miles long and 
 17 broad, and lying at the bottom of the 
 vale, is the refervoir of all the waters 
 from the fur rounding mountains. The city 
 of Mexico ftandi on an ifland in this lake. 
 
M E X 
 
 M E X 
 
 ta iHs country arc mterfpcrfcd inan}' 
 iSutttitaias of different <iuxllttes. I'hcre 
 arc anm^nity of nitrous, fulphureous, vit- 
 i-toUc, and alluminous mineral watcris, 
 fom<e of which Tpring out Co hot, that in 
 a fhort time any kind of fruit or animal 
 food is balled ia them. There arc alfo 
 petrifying waters, with which they make 
 Iktk white fmooth ftones, not difpleating 
 to the ta^ie ; fcrapings from which taken 
 in brt?th, or sn»gruel made of Indian corn, 
 are moft powerful diaphoretics, and are 
 «fcd with remarkable fuccefs in various 
 kinds of fevers. 
 
 The diavate of this extenfive country 
 is various. The maritime parts are hot, 
 and for the nioJl part moift and unheal- 
 thy. Lands, which are very high, or 
 Tery near to high mountains, which are 
 perpetually covered with fnow, are coid. 
 
 The mountains of Mexico abound in 
 ores of every kind of rnetal, and a great 
 ▼ar icty of foilils. There are entire moun- 
 tains of loadHrone, and among otliers, one 
 very coofidcrabfe between Tcoiftylan and 
 Chilapin,ia the country of the Gohuixcas. 
 
 However plentiful and rich the mine- 
 ral kingdom of Mexico may he, the veg- 
 etable kingdom is ftiil more various and 
 abundant. Dr. Hernandez, defcrihes in 
 lii> natural hiftory, about i,aoo medicin- 
 al plants, natives of that country. The 
 fruits of Mexico arc, pine-apples, plums, 
 dates, water-melons, apples, peaches, 
 quinces, apricots, pears, poraegranates, 
 figii, black-cherries, walnuts, almonds, ol- 
 ives, chefnuts, and grapes. The cocoa- 
 nut, vatiilla, chla, great-pepper, tomati, 
 the pepper of Tabafco, and cotton, are 
 very common with the Mexicans. Wheat, 
 bar!ty,peas,bcansand rice have been fuc- 
 ccfsfuliy cultivated in this country. With 
 refpe<2: to plants which yield profitable 
 X'eCns, gums, oils or juices, the country 
 of Mexico is fingularly, fertile. Of qa.id- 
 ropcds there have been tranfported into 
 this country, horfes, affes, bulls, flieep, 
 ^cats, hogs, dogs and cats, which have all 
 Tmultipried. Of the ancient qtiadrupeds, 
 l)y which is meant thofe that from time 
 iimnemorial have been in tliat country, 
 feme are common to both the continents 
 cf Europe and America, fome peculiar to 
 the new world, others natives only of the> 
 kingdom oi Mexica The ancient quad- 
 r«p*ed£ common to Mexico and the old 
 continents, are lions, tigers, wild- cats, 
 bears, wolves, foxes, the common ftaos 
 and white il.igs, bucks, wild-goats, bad- 
 |^crs,poic-cai5, wcaalcs, martins, Iquirrels, 
 
 rabbits, harrs, otters and rats. Tlic^r 
 prodigious number of birds, their variety,. 
 and many valuable qoalities, have occa- 
 fioned fome authors to obfcrve, that, as 
 Africa is the country of hearts, fo Mexicor 
 is the country of birds. It is faid there 
 are -zoo fpecics peculiar to that kingdom. 
 
 The civil government of Mexico, is 
 adminiliercd by tribunals called audien- 
 ces. In thefc courts, the viceroy of the 
 king of Spain prtfides. His employment 
 is the greateft trufl: and power his Cath- 
 olic Majefiy has at his difpofal, and is 
 perhaps the richefi: government cntrufred 
 to any fub^eiTt in the world. The vice- 
 roy continues in crffice three years. The 
 clergy, are extremely numerous in Mexi- 
 co. The prit-fls, monks and imns of alt 
 orders, make a fifth of the white inhabi- 
 tants, both here and in other parts of 
 Spanilb America. The empire of Mexi- 
 co was ful^dued byCortez in 1521. 
 
 Jllixico^ the capital of the above prov- 
 ince, is the oldeft city in America, of 
 which we have any account ; its founda- 
 tion being dated as far back as 1325. It 
 is fituated in the charming vale cf Mexi- 
 co, on fcveralfmalliflands, inLake Tetzu- 
 co, in N lat. 19 26, and 103 55 W long, 
 from Ferro. This vale is fur rounded 
 with lofty and verdaat mountains, and 
 formerly contained no Icl's than 40 emi- 
 nent cities, befides villages and hamlety. 
 Concerning the ancient population of 
 thi.s^ citv there are various opinion'. 
 The hifiorip.ns mofl: to be relied on fa^/, 
 that it \va.s nearly nine miles in circum- 
 ference ; and contained upwards of 60, 
 000 houfcs, containing each from 4 to 10 
 inliabitants. By a I'c'te accurate enume- 
 ration, made by the magtftratcs and prlcfts, 
 it appears that the prefenc number of in- 
 habitants exceeds 200,000. The greateft 
 curiofify in the city of Mexico, is their 
 floatinjj gardens. When the Mcxicanp, 
 about the year 1,3^5, were fubdutd by 
 the Coihuan and Tf:panecan nations, and 
 confined io the fiuall illands in the lake, 
 hnving no b.nd to cultivate, they were 
 taught by neceffity to form moveable 
 pardens, which floated on the lake. Their 
 confh-uiltion is very fnuple. 'J'hey take 
 willows and the roots of marfh plant.*, 
 ■And other materials which are light, and 
 twift them together, and fo (irmly unite 
 thtm as to forma fort of platform, which 
 is capable of ftipporting the earth of the 
 garden. Upon this foundation they lay 
 the ligl'.t btiflies which float on the lake, 
 and over th«u fprcad the mud and dirt 
 
 which 
 
M E X 
 
 MIA 
 
 tvItJL'h thev draw up from the hattom of 
 the iake. Their regular figure is quad- 
 rangular ; their length and breadth vari- 
 ous;, but generally about 8 rods long and 
 • 3 wide ; and their elevation from the 
 furface of the wafer is lefs th?.n a foot. 
 Thefe were the ilrft fields that the Mexi- 
 cans owned after tf:c foundation of Mex- 
 ico; there they firft cuUivared the maize, 
 great pepper, and other plaati neceiTary 
 for their fupport. Fron> the indufiry of 
 the people thefe field-! i'otm became nu- 
 merous. At prefent they cultivate flow- 
 ers and every fort of garden herbs upon 
 them. Everv day of the year at fuurife, 
 innumerable velTels or lx>ats, loaded with 
 v^trioiia kinds of flowers and herb.?, which 
 are cultivated in thefe gafdeud, are feen 
 arriving by the canal, at the great mar- 
 ket-place of Mexico. -Ail plants thrive 
 in them fnrpridngly ; and the mud of the 
 lake makes a very rich foil, which re- 
 quires no water from the clouds. In the 
 largofl gardens there is commonly a little 
 tree and a little hnt to fheher the cultiva- 
 tor and defend him from the rain or the 
 fun. When the owner of a garden or 
 the Chinampa, as he is called, willies to 
 cliange his fuuation, to get out of a bad 
 neighbourhood, or to come nearer to his 
 family, he gets into his little boat, and 
 by his own ftrength alone, if the garden 
 is fmall, or with the affi fiance of others, 
 if it is large, conducts it wherever he 
 pleafes, with the little tree and hut upon 
 it. That part of the ifiand A\here thefe 
 iloating gardens are, is a place of delight- 
 ful recreation, where the fenfes receive 
 the higheft pofbhle- gratification. The 
 buildings, which are of flone, are conveni- 
 ent, .iiid the public edifices, efpecially the 
 churches, are magaificeut ; and the city 
 lias the appearance of immenfe wealth. 
 The trade of Mexico condfls. of 3 great 
 branches, v/hich extend over the whole 
 v.orld. It carries on a traf&c with Eu- 
 rope, by La Vera Cruz, fituattd oi> the 
 Guif of iVIe-xico,or North Sea ; with the E. 
 Indies, by Acapulco, on the S. Sea, 210 
 miles S W ot Mexico ; and with S. Amer- 
 ica, by the fame port, Thefe two lea- 
 ports. Vera Cruz and Acapulco, are admi- 
 rably well fituated for the commercial 
 purpofcs to which they are applied. 
 
 Mexico^ Gulf of, is that part of the N 
 Atlantic ocean, which waflies the S and 
 '■^ W coafl of Florida, the E coaft of N^iw- 
 l.eou and New-Galicia, in N'-w-Mcxico, 
 aiul the N E coaft of Old Mexico, or 
 New-Spain, in N. America. It is prop- 
 erly bounded un the N by the Florida*, 
 
 and on the S by the Gulf of DarlcrJ,. «r 
 perhaps ftill more properly by the N W 
 point of the Ifthmus of Dafiesi, foppofing 
 a Hnc to he drav.'n from one to the other. 
 The Gulf of Mexico is therefore to be 
 conlidered as the weftern part of tlie great 
 gulf between the northern and fou^hera 
 continents of Am^erica, T'bis fpacioe* 
 gulf contains a great many ifiands of vari- 
 ous e:stent and fize ; and it receives fcv- 
 eral great rivers, particularly the Miffi 
 (jppi, the N river, and a multitude of oth- 
 ers of comparatively lefs note. It» coafb 
 are fo irregular and indenttd> that It» 
 lefTcr gulfs and bays arc almofi: innam<> 
 rable ; the chief of thefe are the gulf of 
 Honduras, and Guanajos, and the bays oF 
 Campeachy, Pala^cay, and St. L.ortis. It \% 
 conjectured by fome l& have been for- 
 merly land; and that the can(la.nt attri- 
 tion of the -waters in the Gulf Streani, has 
 worn it to its prefent form. Sec Ctilf 
 Stream, and Gulf of Flotida, 
 
 Miami River, Little^ in tlie State of Oh'o, 
 has a fouthvveflcrn courfe, ^xid^ empties 
 into the Ohio on the E fide of the towa 
 of Columbia, ao miles eaftward of the 
 Great Miami, in a ftraight Hne,but 37 tak- 
 ing fn the meanders of the Ohio. It is 70 
 yards wide at the mouth ; its whole length 
 70 miles. Its banks are good land, andfo 
 high as to prevent in common the over- 
 flowing of the water. Atthediftancc of 3a 
 miles from the Ohio, the Miamies approx- 
 imate each other within eight miles and 
 a half. Oa this river are feveral fak 
 fprings. 
 
 Miami Rivtr^ Greaiy or Great Mtneamj^ 
 called ?i\£o AJfereniet^ot Rocky river, forms 
 the weftern boundary of the Statcof Ohio, 
 dividing it from Indiaaa Territory. Ic 
 has a S by W courfe, and empties into 
 the Ohio by a mouth zoo yards wide, 32^ 
 miles from Big Bones, 154 miles from the 
 Pvapids, and 604 from the mouth of the 
 Ohio. It is one of the moft beautiful 
 ftreams in the State, clear and tranfpar- 
 ent. It has a very ftony channel, a fwift 
 ftrcam, but no falls. At the Picque or 
 Pickawee towns, above 75 miles from its 
 mouth, it is not above 30 yards broad, 
 yet loaded batteaux can afcend 50 milea 
 higher. The portage from the naviga- 
 ble waters of its eaftern branch to San- 
 dufky river is 9 miles, and from thofe of 
 its weftern branch to the Miami of the 
 Lakes, only 5 miles. It alfo interlocks 
 with the Scioto. 
 
 Miami of the Lakes, a navigable river of 
 
 the State of Ohio, which falls into Lake 
 
 Erie, at the S W coraer of the lake. A 
 
 fouthcrn 
 
M I C 
 
 M I C 
 
 fouthcrn branch of this river communi- 
 cates with the Great Miami, by a portage 
 of 5 miles. The northern branch flows 
 from a pond and communicates with St. 
 Jofcph's river by a portage of 15 miles. 
 This river is called by fomc wt iters 
 Mawmce, alfo Omee, and Manmick. 
 
 Miami, a village on the Miami of the 
 Lake near the Miami Fort. Large ca- 
 noes can come from Ouiatanon, a fmall 
 French fettlement on the W fide of the 
 "Wabafh, 197 miles below the Miami 
 Carrying-place, which lafi is 9 miles from 
 thjs village. 
 
 Miaruis, an Indian nation who Inhabit 
 on the Miami river and the fouthernfide 
 of Lake Michigan, They can raife about 
 300 warriors. In confequence of lands 
 ceded to the U. States by the treaty of 
 Greenville, Auguft 3d, 1795, government 
 paid them a fum in hand, and engaged to 
 pay to them annually, forever, to the 
 value of 1,000 dollars in goods. 
 
 Miamis Bay^ at the mouth of the Mia- 
 mi of the Lakes. 
 
 Miata JJland, one of the Society Iflands, 
 in the S. Pacific ocean. S lat. i; 53, W 
 long. 148 6. 
 
 Michael, St. or St. Miguel, z town in the 
 province of Quito, In Peru, and faid to 
 be the firft town the Spaniards built in 
 that country. It is of confiderable fize, 
 landing in a fruitful valley, about 20 
 leagues from the fea. The inhabitants 
 call it Chila. Another town called St. 
 Miguel, is the fecond city in Tucumania, 
 10 leagues from St. Jago del Eflero, on 
 the road to Charcara or Potofi, at the 
 foot of a range of rugged mountains, in 
 a well watered place having the river 
 Quebrada on the one fide, and feveral 
 fmall ftreams on the other, 5 or 6 leagues 
 from it. The country produces all kinds 
 of grain, plenty of grapes, cotton and flax, 
 and yields excellent paflurage. 
 
 Michael, St. a town of N. America, in 
 N. Spain, and in the province of Mecho- 
 acan. It is very populous, 100 miles from 
 Mexico. N lat. 20 2>5i W long. 102 S5- 
 
 Michael's Boy, St. on the E lide of the 
 ifland of Barbadoes, in the W. Indies ; a 
 little N of Foul's Bay : N E of which laft 
 bay arc Cobier's Rocks, in the fliape of 
 a horn. 
 
 Miclael\ Guff, St. in the S E part of 
 Panama Bay, is formed by the outlet of 
 St. Maria and other rivers that fall into it. 
 
 Michael, St. or St, Miguel River, is alfo 
 on the S coafl: of the ifthmus between N 
 and S, America, and on the N. Pacific 
 
 ocean, and 1 8 leagues to the W of Port 
 Martin Lopez, and 3 E of Guibaltiguo, 
 It has 3 fathoms water at flood. Within 
 the river to the N E is the burning moun- 
 tain of St. Miguel, In the midfl: of an open 
 plain. 
 
 MichaeVs Bay, St. in Terra Firma, on 
 the S. Sea. 
 
 Michael's, St. a parifli in Charleflon dif- 
 tridl, S. Carolina. 
 
 Michael's, St. a town in Talbot co. Ma- 
 ryland, 8 miles W of Eafl:on, and 21 S E 
 of Annapolis. 
 
 Michael, Sf. or Fonc^ des Negre, a town 
 on the S peninfula of St. Domingo ifland, 
 10 leagues N E of St. Louis. 
 
 Michigan Lake, in the N W Territory, 
 is the largefl: and mod confiderable lake 
 which is wholly within the United States, 
 and lies between lat. 418 and 45 40 N 
 and between 84 and 87 W long. Its com- 
 puted length is 260 miles from N to S ; 
 its circumference 945 miles ; and con- 
 tains, according to Mr. Hutchins, 10.368, 
 000 acres. It Is navigable for Ihipping 
 of any burden ; and con municates with 
 Lake Huron, at the north-eaftern part, 
 through the Straits of Michillimakkinak, 
 The ftrait is 6 miles broad, and the fort 
 of its name ftands on an Ulandat the mouth 
 of the flrait. In this lake are feveral kinds 
 of fifli ; particularly trout of an excellent 
 quality, weighing from 20 to 60 pounds; 
 and fome have been taken In the ftrait 
 which weighed 90 pounds. On the N W 
 parts of this lake, the waters pufli through 
 a narrow ftrait, and branch out into two 
 bays ; that to the northward is called No- 
 quet's Bay, the other to the fcuthward, 
 Puans, or Green Bay, which laft with the 
 lake, forms a long peninfula, cailed Cape 
 Townfend, or Vermillion Point. About 
 30 miles S of Bay de Puans, is Lake Win- 
 nebago, which communicates with it; 
 and a very fliort portage interrupts the 
 water com.munlcation, fouthweftward 
 from Winnebago Lake through Fox riv- 
 er, then through Ooifconfm, into the riv- 
 er Mifiifippi. Chicago river, alfo at the 
 S W extremity of I>ake Michigan, fur- 
 niflies a communication interrupted by a 
 ftill fliorter portage, with Illinois river. 
 Lake Michigan receives many fmall riv- 
 ers from the W and E fome 150 and even 
 250 yards broad at their mouths. See 
 Grand Majiicon, Matame, St. Jofeph, &c. 
 
 Michillimakkinak Straits ccnncdt Lakes 
 Michigan and Huron, in a N E and S W 
 courfe. 
 
 MicLillimakiinak (called by the Canadi- 
 
M I C 
 
 M I D 
 
 ans La Grofe IJle) an idand, fort, and vil- 
 lage on the S W fide of the ftraits of the 
 fame name. The fmall ifleon which the 
 village, and the fort commanding the 
 ftrait, Itand, is W N W of White Wood 
 Ifland, in Lake Huron. In addition to 
 the lands round this poft to which the 
 Indian title had been extinguiflicd by the 
 French and Britifli governments, the In- 
 dians have ceded by the treaty of Green- 
 ville, a traft of land on the main, to the 
 north of the ifland on which the poft of 
 Michiliimakkinak ftands, to meafure 6 
 miles on lakes Huron and Michigan, and 
 to extend 3 miles back from the water of 
 the lake or ftrait, and alfo De Bois Blanc, 
 or White Wood Ifland. This laft was the 
 voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation. 
 The ifland of Michiliimakkinak is very 
 barren, but, as it is the grand rendezvous 
 of the Indian traders, a confiderablc trade 
 is carried on; and its very advantageous 
 fttuation feems to enfure that it will be, 
 at fome future period, a place of great 
 commercial importance. It is within the 
 line of the United States, and was lately 
 delivered up by the Britifla. There arc 
 251 inhabitants here. It is about 200 
 miles N N W from Detroit, and 974 N 
 W of Philadelphia. N lat. 45 48 34, W 
 long. 84 30. 
 
 Michiliimakkinak^ Little, a river In the 
 N. W. Territory, which enters the fouth- 
 eaftern fide of Illinois river, by a mouth 
 50 yards wide, and has between 30 and 
 40 fmall iflands at its mouth; which at 
 a diftance appear like a fmall village. It 
 runs a N W courfe, and is navigable 
 about 90 miles. On its banks i^ plenty 
 of good timber, viz, red and white cedar, 
 pine, maple, walnut, &c. as alfo coal 
 mines. Its mouth is 13 miles below the 
 Old Piorias Fort and village, on the op- 
 pofite fide of the river, at the S W end of 
 Illinois Lake, and 195 miles from the 
 Miflifippi. 
 
 Michipicotetiy a river which empties into 
 Lake Superior, on the northeaft fide of 
 the lake. It has its fource not far diftant 
 from Moofe river, a water of James's Bay. 
 It forms, at its mouth", a bay of its own 
 name; and on the W part of the bay, is 
 a large ifland fo called, clofe to the land, 
 a fmall ftrait only feparates it from Ot- 
 ter's Head on the north. 
 
 Micbipicotsn Bay, in the northeaft part 
 cf lake Superior, in Upper Canada, is 
 fomewhat iheltered foutherly and eaft- 
 erly from lake Superior, by point Gor- 
 gontua and the ifland af Michipicoten. 
 
 M'lchiftcoien IJte, on the northcaft patt 
 of Lake Sapenor, in U. Canada, at the 
 entrance of a bay of the fame name. 
 
 Michipicvoton Hnufe, in U. Canada, is 
 fituated on the E fide of the mouth of the 
 above river, in lat. 47 56 N, and belongs 
 to the Hudfon Bay Company. 
 
 JMichifcoui, is the Indian and prefent 
 name of the moft northerly river in Ver- 
 mont. It rifes in Belvidere, and runs 
 nearly north-caft until it has crofled into 
 Canada, where it runs fome diliance ; it 
 turns W then foutherly, re-enters the 
 State of Vermont in Richford, and emp- 
 ties into Lake Champlain at Michifcoui 
 Bay, at Highgate. It is navigable for the 
 largeft boats to the falls at Swantown, 7 
 miles from its mouth. Michifcoui, La 
 Moelle, and Onion r:ver3,are nearly of th« 
 fame magnitude. 
 
 Michifcoui TonguCy ov Bay, a long point 
 of land which extends foutherly into 
 Lake Champlain from the N E corner of 
 Vermont on the W fide of the bay of 
 this name, and forms the townfliip of All- 
 burg. 
 
 Micl:macks,-xr\ Indian nation which in- 
 habit the country between the Shapody 
 Mountains, and the Gulf of St. LaAv- 
 rence iu Nova-Scotia, oppofite to St. 
 John's Ifland. This nation convey their 
 fentiments by hieroglyphics marked on 
 the rind of the birch and on paper, which 
 the Roman millior^itiies perfecflly under- 
 ftand. Many of them refide at the heads 
 of the rivers, in King's and ilr^uts coun- 
 ties, 
 
 Micoya Bay is fituated on the S W coaHr 
 of Mexico, or N- Spain, on the Pacific 
 Ocean. In fome charts it is laid down iu 
 lat, lO 15 Nand having Cape Bianco and 
 Chira Ifland for its fouth-eaft limit. 
 
 Middle Bank, a filhing ground in the At- 
 lantic Ocean, which lies from nortli-caft 
 to fouth-weft, between St^ Peter's Bnnk 
 and that of Sable Ifland ; and oppo- 
 fite to, and S E of, Cape Breton Ifland, 
 laid down in fome ch.arts between lat. 44 
 33, and 45 34 N, and between long. 57 
 57, and 59 32. 
 
 MiddUborough, the Numafr'.ctt of the an- 
 cient Indians, a poft town in Plymouth 
 CO. Mafiachufetts, 40 miles S by E of Bof- 
 ton ; was incorporated in 1669, and con- 
 tains 4458 inhabitants. This town was 
 formerly thickly inhabited by Indian na- 
 tives, governed by tlie noted facl.em Tif- 
 pacan : there are now only 30 or 40 fouls 
 remaining, who, to fupply their immedi- 
 ate neceiCties, make and fell brooms and 
 
 ba£kets. 
 
M I D 
 
 M I I> 
 
 b5&ets. TJie town is remarkaMe for a 
 large range of ponds, which prociucc fev- 
 cral forts of fith, and large quantities of 
 iron ore. The bottom of AiTow;^unfet 
 PoodmAy be faidlo bean entire mine of 
 iron ore. Men go out with boats, and 
 nfe inflruments likq oyfter dredges, to get 
 cp the ore from the bottotn of the pond. 
 Jt is now fo much exhauiicd, that half a 
 tm\ is thought a good day's work for one 
 133 an ; but ior a number of years one man 
 co-vild take up four times ths quantity. 
 IJ7; an adjacent pond there is yet great 
 plenty at 20 feet deep, as well as from 
 iTiOiikr water. Great quantities of nails 
 are made here. In winter, the farmers 
 arid; young men arc employed in this 
 manufad:u.re. Here, and at Milton in 
 Ift^rfoik county, the firfr rolling and flit- 
 ting mills were eredted about 50 years 
 ago, but w.'ire imperfecl i^nd unprodu(5t- 
 ive, in comparifon witii thofe of the pref- 
 ent time. Th*; prints of naked hands and 
 feet are to be feen on ieveral rocks in this 
 town,.fuppofed to have been done by the 
 Indians. Thefe are probably fimilar to 
 thofe obferved in» the States of Georgia 
 and Virginia. 
 
 MiMdourg Key, a fmall illot feparat- 
 ed from St. Martin's in. tlic Weft-Indies 
 on the N E. 
 
 Middiehrool, ?. poft-town, Augufla co. 
 "Virginia, i86 miles from WaDtington. 
 
 Middlehufg^ a poll-town, Loudon co. 
 Virginia, 47 mik-s from Wafliington. 
 
 i)^ra'a'/<r/'rfr_§-, apoft-town, Nellon co.Ken- 
 turky, 603 miles from WalLington. 
 
 Middlebury, a pofl-town of Vermont, 
 and capital of Addifon co. It is 33 miles 
 NbyW of Rutland, 15 from Vergennes 
 and 37 S E of Burlington. Here is a 
 brewery upon a pretty large fcale, 3 grift 
 xnills, 4 faw mills, a forge, a gun and card 
 manufadlory, jail, court houfe, college, 
 and about 400 dwelling houl'es. I'he 
 college eftablinied in this town, is flour- 
 ifliing, and promifes great benefit- to the | 
 State. The townfhip lies on the E fide i 
 of Otter Creek, and contains 1263 inhab- j 
 itants, 5 1 1 milts N E of Wafaington. I 
 
 MiddL' Caps is to the S W of Cape An- | 
 thony, in Staten Land, on the ftrait Le j 
 Maire, and the mofl wefteriy point of | 
 that iflaud;' at the e:;tremity of S. Amer- | 
 ica. _ _ ! 
 
 MidJlrfefd, a townfliip in Hampfiiirc ] 
 CO. MafTvchufetts, 30milcs NWof Spring- i 
 field, and 130 miles vveflerly of B(.'flon. It j 
 was incorporated in 1783, and contains • 
 817 iuhabitauts. j 
 
 Middlejteld^ a thriving town m Tram* 
 bul CO. State of Ohio, in the centre of the 
 county, 15 ijtile* N of Warren. 
 
 Middlekr-J-y, a village in N. Jerfcy, 5 
 i miles W of Brurtfwick, ou the crofs'poft 
 I road from Brunfwick to Flemington, and 
 on the N bank of Rariton river. 
 
 ]\Tiddls IJlunds, or lUas de en Medio^ OH 
 theWcoah of R Mexico, between the 
 iflands of Chir^i and St. Luke. They arc 
 in the N. Pacii/c ocean, in lat. 9 30 N. 
 Tliere h only, from 6 to 7 fathoms- from 
 Chira to thcle illands, and all vtflelsfhould 
 keep nearer to thtm than to the main. 
 
 M-iddUhurg^ or ^ooa, the mofl fcatherly 
 of ^1 the Friendly Iflands, in the Pacifi« 
 I Ocean ; and i? about 10 leagues in circuit. 
 } Middle IJhnd,. in Upper Canada, is 
 j fmall, and fituatedeaftoi the Bafs illands, 
 j and northerly of Ship ifoud, and Cun- 
 tiingham's island in Lake Erie. 
 
 MiddUfcx, a county of Maffachufetts, 
 bounded N by the State of N. Hampfliire, 
 i E by ElTex c(;. S by SuiFoik, and W by 
 Worcef^cr co. Its figure is nearly equal 
 to a fquare of 40 milts on a fide ; its great- 
 cfl: leng^th. bciiig, 52, and its grcateft 
 breadth 42 miles. It has 42 r?>v.-iifliips, 
 which contain 46,928 inhabitants. The 
 religious focieties are SS *>f Congrcgation- 
 alifts, 7 of Baptifts, and fame Prefbyterl- 
 ans. It was made a county in 164J, 
 It is watered by five principal .rivers^ 
 Merrimack, Cha,rles, Concoid, Nailiua, 
 and My (tick ;, befides fmaller ftreams. 
 The chief towns are Charleftown, Cam- 
 bridge, and Concord. Charleflovvn i& 
 the only feaport in the county ; Con- 
 cord is the mon refpe<ftai>!e inland town, 
 and is near the centre of the county, 
 being 20 miles N V/ of B<.)0;on. Inhere 
 are in the county 24 fulling-mills, about 
 70 tan-yardsj4 p<»-per-mill5, 2 fnulT-mills, 
 6 diftlilerics, and about 20 pot and pearl 
 alii houfes. The fcuthcrn and northern 
 fides of the county are hilly, but not 
 mountainous, fdw of the hills exceeding 
 100 feet in height, and are covered witU 
 wood, or cultivated quite to their fum- 
 mits. The air is generally ftrene, and 
 the temperature mild. The extreme va- 
 riation of Farcnheit's thermometer, may 
 be confidered as 100 in a year ; but it is 
 in very fcvt^ Inftances, that in the courfe 
 of a year it reaches either extreme : 9a 
 may be confidered ^s the extreme fuin- 
 mcr heat, and 5 or 6 below c, as that 
 of the winter cold. In the winter of 
 17(^6 — '97, it funk to II below o. The. 
 ioil is various, in fonic parts of rich> 
 
 Ulac-k 
 
M I D 
 
 M I D 
 
 ^-jlack loSm, and in others it is lig'ht 
 ■and fandy. It pr(xluc€3 the timber, 
 grain and' fruit which are ccmmon 
 thropghout the State, either by natural 
 growth or cultivation. 
 
 Mlddlefex Caral, fec ApJ^t^'dix. 
 
 Middlefex, a maritin^e co. of Connec- 
 ticut, bounded N by Flartford co. S by 
 JLorig Ifland Sound, 'E by New London 
 CO. and W by New Haven. Its great- 
 eft length is about 30 miles, and its 
 ^greateft breadth 19 miles. It is divid- 
 ed into 6 townfliips, containirrg 13,874 
 inhabitants, of whom 72 are flaves. Ccn- 
 necSlicut river runs the whole length of 
 the county, and on the ftreams which 
 flow into it are a number of mills, Mid- 
 dleton is the chief town. 
 
 Middle ffx, a CO. of N. Jerfcv, bound- 
 ed N bv Efn-x, N W and Why Som- 
 ^rfet, SW by Burlington, SE by Mon- 
 inniith, E by Rarlton Bay and part of 
 Staten Ifland. It contains 17,890 inhab- 
 itants. From the mouth of Rariton riv- 
 er up to Bru!\fwick, the land on both 
 fides is generally good, both frvr pafture 
 and tillage, producing confiderable quan- 
 tities of every kind of grain and hay. 
 Chief town. New Brunfwiclv. 
 
 M'ddfeffx, a CO. of Virginia, on the 
 S lide of Rappahannock river, on Chef- 
 apeak Bay, It is about 35 miles .-in 
 length, and 7 in breadth, containing 
 16^7 free inhabitants, and 25 1 6 flaves. 
 TJrbann?- is the chief town. 
 
 M'nfJie Sifter, a fmall ifland at the W 
 <nd of Lake Erie in Up^er Canada, \\i- 
 uated between the Eafl: Sifter, and Weft 
 5iftcr. S?77yfh. 
 
 Middle Sfafcu One of the Grand D:- 
 vifions of the United States, (fo denom- 
 inated in reference to the northern and 
 fouthernState=!) comprehending the States 
 of New York, New Jerfey, Pennfylvania, 
 Delaware, Ohio, and the Indiana Ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 M:ddletr,p, an interior townfliip in .Efiex 
 ro. Matrachufetts, 20 miles northerly of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1728, 
 and contains 598 inhabitant. 
 
 Middhton, a city and pofl town and 
 port of entry of Connecticut, and the 
 capital of Middlefex co. pleafantly fitu- 
 atcd on the weftern bank of ConnecTti- 
 cut river, %\ miles from its mouth, at 
 Saybrook Bar, according to the courfe 
 of the river ; 15 miles S of Hartford. 
 ^6 N by F. of 'New H^ven, 38 N W 
 by W of New I^ondon, 30 N of Say- 
 bi-xjok, and 209 N E of Philadelphia. 
 
 Its public buildings artr, a Congrega- 
 tional church, an Epifcopalian churcii^ 
 a court houfe and naval office. It con- 
 tains al^out 300 houfes, and carries on 
 a confiderable trade. Here the river 
 has 10 feet water at full tides. N lat, 
 4t 35, W long. 72 54. This place was 
 called Mattabejtci, by the Indians, and 
 was fettle^ in 1650 or 1651. Two mile* 
 from the city is a lead mine which was 
 wrought during the war, and was pro- 
 duiftive ; but it is too crpcnl'lvc to be 
 worked in time cf peace. 
 
 Middleiorvn, a townfhip in StrafFor^J 
 CO. N. Hamplliire; about 40 miles N by 
 W of Portfrnouth. 
 
 Middletoivn, a townfliip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, -59 miles N of Benningtc^i. 
 
 Middhfcivn, a village on Long Ifland, 
 N. York State ; 12 miles from Smithtown., 
 and 13 from Bridgehampton. 
 
 Middleioivn, a townfliip in Delaware co 
 N. York, ere(£l:ed from Roehf fter and 
 V/codftock in 1789, on the N tide of the 
 liead waters of Popachton brancli of Del- 
 aware, 40 miles Wof Catfkill. 
 
 Middletoivn, a townfhip in Newport co. 
 Rhode Ifland, contains 913 inhabitants. 
 In this town, which is on the ifland which 
 gives name to the State, and about % 
 miles from Newport, is a large and curi- 
 ous cavity in the rocks, called Pi^gatorv, 
 
 MiJdldoivn. a town of about 6o or 
 70 houfes in Berkley co. Virg, about half 
 way between Martiufburgh and Winch- 
 efter, near the N mountain. It has a 
 church for Prefbyterians, and another 
 for Baptifts. 
 
 MiddldQ-v^ a fmaJI po!l town in New- 
 raffle CO. Delaware, on Apoguinimy 
 Creek, 21 miles S S W of V/I!mington, 
 and 49 S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 MidJielo^vn, in Monmouth co, N. Ter- 
 fey, a townfhip which contains two pla- 
 ces of worfliip, one for Baptifls and one 
 for the Durch Reformed Cliurch, and 
 3,226 Inhabitants. Here is an academy 
 of 40 or 50 ftudents ; and fait works 
 on North river, which divides this to-<:7n 
 from Shrewn)iiry. The centre of t!i« 
 townlbip is 50 miles E bv N of Trenton, 
 and 30 S Why S of N.York city- The 
 right-houfe built by the citizens of New 
 York on the point of Sandy Hook, is in 
 this townfliip. The high lands of Navc- 
 fink, are on the fea coaft.near Sandy Hook. 
 They are 600 feet above the Airface of the 
 water, and are the lands firft difcovf re<i 
 by mariners on thif part of the coaft, 
 
 MiddletvTAn J'oj.it^ In the abovi ta*t^- 
 
 ibip» 
 
M I F 
 
 M I L 
 
 fhip, lies on the S W fide of the bay 
 Tvithin Sandy Hook, 9 miles E by N 
 of Sporfwood, and 14 north-weft of 
 Shrewfbury. A pofl- office is kept here, 
 Middldown^ a flourifliing poft town in 
 Dauphin to. Pennfylvania, on the N 
 W fide of Swatara creek, which emp- 
 ties into the Sufquehannah, 2 miles bc- 
 loAv. It contains a German church and 
 above 100 houfes, and carries on a 
 brific trade with the farmers in the vi- 
 cinity. It is eftimated that above 200,000 
 bufliels of wheat are brought down 
 thefe rivers annually to the landing 
 place, 2 miles from the town. Contig- 
 iious to the town is an excellent mer- 
 chant mill, fupplied with a conftant 
 ftream, by a canal cut from the Swat- 
 ara. It is 6 miles S of Hummelflon, 
 andpzWby N of Philadelphia. N lat. 
 40 12, W long. 76 44. There are alfo 
 two other townfhips of this name in 
 the State; the one in Delaware co. the 
 other in that of Cumberland. 
 
 Middletoivn, a poft town in Frederick 
 CO. Maryland, lies nearly 8 miles W N 
 "VV of Frederickftown. 
 
 Middletoivn, in Dorchefler co. Mary- 
 land, is about 5 miles N of the Cedar 
 Landing Place, on Tranfquaking Creek ; 
 7 wefterly of Vienna, and 8^ N W of 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Midland B'tp'iR, in U. Canada, was 
 originally erected into a diftridT: by the 
 name of the diftridt of Mecklenburg, in 
 the province of Quebec, by Lord Dor- 
 chefter's proclamation, of the 24th of 
 July 1788; it received its prefent name 
 by an a<a of the provincial legiflature; 
 is bounded on the E by a meridian paf- 
 fmg through the mouth of the river Ga- 
 nanoqui ; on the S by the river St. Law- 
 rence and Ontario ; on the W by a me- 
 ridian pafTmg through the mouth of the 
 river Trent, at the head of the bay of 
 Quinte ; and on the N by the Ottawa 
 river. Smyth. 
 
 Midivav, a village in Liberty co. Gcor- 
 jjia, .^o miles S of Savannah, and 10 miles 
 N W of Sunbury. Its inhabitants are 
 Congregationalifts, and are the defcen- 
 dants of emigrants from Dorchcfi'cr near 
 Bofton, in New England, who migrated 
 as early as 1700. 
 
 Alidtvayi a townfliip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, E of and adioining Rutland. 
 
 Mifflin^ a CO. of Pennfylvania, furroun- 
 ded by Lycoming, Franklin, Cumberland, 
 Northumberland, Dauphin, and Hunting- 
 «iGii counties. It contains 1,851 fquare 
 
 \ miles, 1,184,960 acres, and is divided irt- 
 1 to 8 townfliips. The mountains in this 
 I county abound with iron ore, for the 
 i manufadturing of which, feveral forges 
 j have been erecSted. It is well watered 
 by the Juniatta, and other ftreams which 
 empty into the Sufquehannah, In this 
 CO. are feveral mineral fprings, and abun- 
 dance of limeftone. This co. and Center 
 contain 13,609 people. Chief town, 
 Lewiflown. 
 
 Mijp.in, a fmall town in the above co. 
 on the E fide of the Tuniatta ; 12 miles 
 E of Lewiftovvn, ana 138 from Philadel- 
 phia. Here is a poft office. 
 
 MigHtty Fort, in Pennfylvania, is fltua- 
 tcd on a fmall ifland, at the mouth of 
 Schuylkill river, about 6 miles S of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 MiffAnburg., a poft town of Northum- 
 berland CO. Penfylvania, 218 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Milejbury.,2L poft town, Mifflin co. Penn*^ 
 fylvania, 262 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 iVfi7/orfl',a townfliip in Mifflin co. Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Milford, a fmall town in Worccfter co. 
 MafTachufetts, i8 miles from Worcefter, 
 34 from Bofton, containing 907 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 Milford, a poft town of the State of 
 Delaware, pleafantly fituated on the N 
 fide of Mufpilion Creek, about 1 2 mile* 
 W of its mouth in Delaware Bay, 19 S 
 by E of Dover, 7 S of Frcderica, and 95 
 S'by W of Philadelphia. It contains up- 
 wards of lOO houfes, all builtfince the war, 
 except one. The inhabitants are Epifco- 
 palians, Quakers and Methodifts. 
 
 Milford^ a town of Northampton co. 
 Pennfylvania, laid out on the N W fide of 
 the Delaware, on a lofty fitua,tion, at 
 Well's Ferry, 120 miles above Philadel- 
 phia. In front of the town, which con- 
 tains as yet only a few houfes, the river 
 forms a cove Avell fitted for flieltering 
 boats and lumber in ftorms, or frefliets in 
 the river. A faw mill and paper mill 
 have been eredted here; the latter be- 
 longs to Mr. Biddis, who has difcovered 
 the method of making paper and pafte- 
 board by fubftituting a large proportion 
 of faAv-duft in the compofition. 
 
 Milford, a poft-town of ConnecSlicut, 
 on Long-Ifland Sound, and in New-Haven 
 CO. 13 miles S. W. of New-Haven, and 
 eaft of Stratford. The mouth of the 
 creek on which it ftands has 3 fathoms 
 water. This town was called JEopoivage 
 by the Indians, and was fettled in 1632. 
 
 It 
 
M X L 
 
 M I L 
 
 tt contains an fipifcopal church, an<d 2 
 Conpregational churches. 
 
 Milford Hafjen, a deep bay on the 
 coaft of Nova-Scotia, to the S'W, round 
 the point of the ftrait of Canfo. It re- 
 ceives fevcfal rivers fronx the N W and 
 S W. 
 
 Miliquean Creei, in U. Canada, running 
 liortherly, difcharges itfclf into Lake Sim- 
 coe, and is now called Holland's River. 
 
 Military Toivnjhi^s, in the State of N. 
 York. The legiflciture of the State grant- 
 ed one milhon and a half acres of land, as 
 9. gratuity to the officers and foldiers of 
 the line of this State. This trad, form 
 ing the county of Onondago, is bounded 
 \V by the eafl fliore of the Seneca Lake, 
 and the county of Ontario ; N by the part 
 «f Lake Ontario near Fort Ofwcgo ; S hy 
 Tioga CO. and E by Chenanf'p co. I'his 
 has been fettling by the New-England peo- 
 ple very rapidly fmce the peace. This 
 pkafant county is divided into ^s town- 
 lliips of 60,000 acres each, which are a- 
 gain fubdividcd into 100 conX'^enient 
 farms, of 600 acres ; making in the whole 
 2,500 farms, well watered by a multitude 
 t)f fniall lakes and rivers. 
 
 The refervcd lan^s cmbofomed in this 
 lra6t, are as follow: a traft about 171 
 miles long, and 10 broad, including the 
 northern part of the lake Cayuga > which 
 ]ies in the centre of it, to the Cayuga In- 
 dians. The Indians h-ave a village on 
 each fide of the Like ; and the ferry at the 
 north end lies in lat. 4a 54 14 north. 
 Connoga Caftle is about 3 miles fouth of 
 the ferry, on the eafl Tide of Lake Cayuga. 
 The Onondago Refer vation is uniformly 
 tr miles long, and 9 broad; bounded 
 north by the Public Relervntion, aud 
 part of the townfliipf of Manlius and 
 Camillus : A very fmall part of tlic fouth 
 end of Salt Lake is within the Refcrv^a- 
 lion. The Salt Spring, and the Salt Lake, 
 with a fmall portion of ground on each 
 fide, is refervcd-by the State ; its greateft 
 length is 6^ miles, and the greateft breadth 
 of the Refervation 3^4 
 
 Miller, Fott, is on the E Ude of Hud- 
 fon's river, 41 milts north of Albany. 
 Here are the falls which Gtn. Putnam de- 
 fcended in a boat, on which are feveral 
 mills. It has its name from a little mud fort 
 formerly built here againO: the Indians. 
 
 M'file Roches^ jjlc aii^ in U. Canada con- 
 tains from fjx to feven hundred acres ; 
 the foil is good ; it lies partly above and 
 partly parallel to Ille Chelal Ecarte, in 
 the river St. Li>vrence. 
 
 T T 
 
 A-I/llet^s, or Payqunge, a river of Maf- 
 fachufetts, which runs W by S and faUs 
 into Conne(fbicut river, between North- 
 field and Montague. It is a beautiful 
 ftream, though in fome places very rap- 
 id. Its chief fource is in Monomenock 
 pond in Rindge, New-Hampiliire, and 
 partly in Winchendon ; the other ih 
 Naukheagpond in Ailiburnham. Thefc, 
 with various flreams unite in Winchen- 
 don, and form M.llcr's river. 
 
 Miller's, SL fcttiement in Kentucky, on 
 a branch of Licking nvtr, ji miles north- 
 caft of Lexington. 
 
 Miller s-Totvn, in Nortli?imptcn CO. 
 Pennfylvania, is plc-afantly fiiuatcd on a 
 branch of Little Lehigh river : a6 mile* 
 8 W of Eafton, and 47 N W by N of Phil- 
 adclplua. It contains about 40 houfts. 
 
 MUler's-Toivn. See An-jillt. 
 
 Miller'' s- Tiixvfty in Shenandoah co. Vir- 
 ginia, 3^ miifs fouth of V/inthefler. 
 Two or three miles from this place is the 
 narrow Pals, formed by the Shenandorih 
 river on one fidc;, and a fmall brook 
 on the other. It is about a rod and a. 
 half wide, and a or 3 long; on each/lldc 
 is a bank of about JOO feet high. 
 
 Milles IJles^ L's, in the river Sr. Law* 
 rence, in U. Canada, are a group of fmall 
 illands, lying oppofite the townfliips of 
 Leeds and Lanfdown. 
 
 M^ll J/lcmfly near the N W end of Had- 
 fon's Straits ; N N W of NotMnghani 
 Ifland, and S by E of Cape Comfort, but 
 nearer to the latter. N lat. 64 2^, W 
 long. 80 30. 
 
 Mill/lone, a fouth branch of Rarlton 
 river, in N. Jerfey. 
 
 Mill/lone, a pleafant rural village, fituat*" 
 ed on the river of its name, 14 miles N of 
 Princeton, in N. Jtricy, containing thd 
 feat of General Frelinghuyfon, and for- 
 merly the county town of Someriet. 
 Here is a port ofHce. 
 
 Millto'wn^ in the Stare of Delaware, 
 two miles from V,''!'mir;2fon. 
 
 Milltoivn, in Northumberland CO. Fenn- 
 fylvduia, on the E fide of the W branch 
 of Sufquehannah river, containing about 
 60 houfes, and 14 miles N by W of Sun* 
 bury. 
 
 Milhille, a poPc town, Cumberland cO. 
 N. Jerfey, 198 miles N E from Walhing* 
 ton. 
 
 iVlilltvoid^ a pofl town, Frederick co. 
 Virgin!-i,68 miies from Waihingcon. 
 
 M'.ltort, a townfliip in Chittenden co. 
 Vermont, fituated on the call fide or Lake 
 ChampiainjOppofitc t« South Hero lIl-irtcL 
 
 It 
 
M m 
 
 M I R 
 
 ft is divided into nearly equal parts by 
 La Moille River, whicli empties into the 
 lake in Colchclter, near the S line of Mil- 
 ton. The towniliip contains 786 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Miltpn, the UncataquiJTctt, or Unquciy of 
 the ancient Indians, a poft town in Nor- 
 folk CO. MafTachufetts ; adjoining to Dor- 
 chefter, from which it is partly feparattd 
 by Neponfet R. noted for the excellent 
 quality of its water. It is 7 miles S of 
 Bofton, and contains 1143 inhabitants, 3 
 paper mills, and a chocolate mill. It was 
 incorporated in i66z. Milton hill affords 
 one of the fineft profpccts in America. 
 
 Milton, a town in the co. of Saratoga 
 in N. York. It has 21:^3 inhabitants. 
 
 Milton, a port town in Cayuga co. N. 
 York, iituated on the N E fide of Cayuga 
 Lake, near its fouthern extremity ; 40 
 miles N of Tioga river, and ax S by E of 
 the ferry on the N end of Cayuga Lake. 
 It was incorporated in 1794. it has ISSl 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Milton, a fmall poft town in Albemarle 
 CO. Virginia, firuated on the S W fide of 
 the Rivanna, about So miles N W by W 
 of Richmond. It has about ao houfes and 
 a ware-houfe for the infpcdlion of tobac- 
 co. 
 
 Milton, a poft town, Northumberland 
 CO. Pennfylvania, ixp miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Minas, Bafm of, or Lcs Mines Bay, {omt- 
 times alfo called Le Grand Fraye ; is a 
 gulf on the S E fide of the Bay of Fundy, 
 into wliich its waters oaf; by a narrow 
 ftrait and fct up into Nnva-Scotia in an E 
 ard S direction. It is about 30 leagues 
 from the entrance of Annapolis, and ten 
 from the bottom of Bedford Bay. It is la 
 leagues in length and 3 iu bre<adth. See 
 £ajm of M-nas. 
 
 Minas, or JDe las Minas Hill, is the mid- 
 dlemoR of the three hills, dtfcribtd as 
 marks within land for Bonaventura Bay 
 and river, on the coafl of Peru, in ?. A- 
 merica : thefe are S of Pc-.nama Bay, and 
 in N lat. 3 20, W ion. 7518. 
 
 Minatte Ife, dc, on the N coaft of lake 
 Superior in U. Canada, is fituated near 
 to, and erilerly of the Grand Pouage, 
 extending to Thunder B;^y. 
 
 Mindtn, a poft town, Montgomery co. 
 K. York, 47 x n.itcs from Walliington. 
 
 M'neau l'ef,ux Iron AUnes, on the Eafl: 
 fide of Miililippi R. is 67 miles N bv E of 
 ChickafawR.and 13 .S!>y E ofOhio,' Here 
 the land 1& nearly fimilar in quality to 
 tli*it bordering on the Chickafaw river, 
 
 interfperfed with gradual riGngs cr fmail 
 eminences. There was a poll at this place, 
 near the former S boundary of Virginisi 
 
 Minehead, a townfliip in Effez co. Ver- 
 mont, on CounecSticut river. It is water- 
 ed by Nul began river, and has only 27 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Miiigun Tfliinds, on the N fide of the 
 mouth of the river St. Lawrence. N lat. 
 50 15, W long. 63 25. 
 
 Mingo Tifiun, an Indian town on the 
 W bank of the Ohio river, 86 miles N E 
 of Will's Town, by the Indian Path, and 
 40 fouth-welleriy of Pittfburg. Ir (lands 
 a few miles up a fmall creek, where there 
 are fprings that yield the^trel, a bitumin- 
 ous liquid. 
 
 Mingoes, an Indian nation who inhabit 
 near the foulhcrn bici;icli of the Sciota R. 
 Warriors, 50. 
 
 Minifvk, a village in N. Jerfey, on the 
 N W corner of the State, and on the W 
 fide of Delaware R. -, about 5 miles below 
 Montague, and 57 N W of Brunfwick. 
 
 Miniftnh, a townfliip in Orange co. N. 
 York, bounded eafterly by the Wallkill, 
 and foutherly by the State of N. Jerfey. 
 It contains 3594 inhabitants. 
 
 Miquelon,^ fmaH^defert ifiand, 8 miles 
 S W of Cape May in Newfoundland 111.. 
 It is the moft wtflerly of what have been, 
 called the 3 iflands of St. Pierre or St. Ps- 
 ter, and is not fo high as the other 2 ; its 
 foil is very indifferent, and it is not more 
 than three-fourths of a league in length. 
 There is a palTage or channel from the W 
 along by the N end of this ifland into For- 
 tune Bay, on the S coaft; of Newfoundland. 
 K lat. 47 4, W long. 3S 55. It is fome- 
 times called Magudon. 
 
 Mita^o<ine, a town on the N. fide of the 
 S peninfula of the iflnnd of St. Domingo, 
 and S fide of the Bight of Leogane, at 
 the head of a bay of its name. It is on 
 the road from Jeremie to Port an Prince, 
 about 31 leagues E by S of the former, 
 and 23 V/ by S of the latter. N lat. 18 
 27. 
 
 MiramaJji, OT Miracbi, a pott, bay and' 
 river on the N E coafl: of N. Brunlwick. 
 The port is at the mouth of the river. 
 The entrance into the bay is very wide ; 
 it has Point Portage for its northern en- 
 trance, and its fouthern fide is formed by 
 £fcuminax Point, wliich is S^ miles N £ 
 of Shediac harlxmr, and 34 SE of the 
 mouth of Nipifighit ri^cr, which empties 
 into Clmkur Bay. There is a falnion 
 fifliery in Miramachi river. 
 
 Mray Bay, Oil the coaft of the ifland 
 
 of 
 
M I S 
 
 M I S 
 
 «F Cape Breton, is to the S from "Moru n- ', 
 ne Bay. Large vclTcls may go up 6 ' 
 leagues, and have good ancbotage, and ; 
 iie iccure from all winds. N lat. 46 5, 
 W long. 59 49 I 
 
 Mirel/aluis, an interior town in the I 
 FFench part of the ifland of St. Domingo, ' 
 iz leagues N of Port an Prince, on the j 
 road from that city to "S'arettts ; from \ 
 ^vhich laft it is 14 leagues S E. j 
 
 Mi/octhim^ a fmall tribe of Indians who j 
 inhabit between Lake Michigan and the [ 
 Mifliiippi. I 
 
 Mj/ery, an ifie hetween Salem and Cape ■ 
 Ann, in MafTachulVtts. i 
 
 Ali/lo, an idand on the S E fide of Cha- j 
 leur Bay, at its month. j 
 
 Mijjojfaga Ijlavd lies oppofite the mouth ; 
 of the river Trtnt in U.Canada, and al)Out 
 the fame diflance from the portage at the , 
 licad of the hay of Quinti. Smyth. ^ 
 
 Mijfajjjga Point., \\\ the townlllip of ' 
 
 Newark, in U.Canada, lies on the \V fide '. 
 of the entrance of Niagara R. and oppo- : 
 lite to the fortrefs of Niagara. Smyth. \ 
 
 MiJJajj'aga River., in U. Canada, runs in- 
 to Lake Huron, between le Serpent and 1 
 Thefl'alcn rivers, on the N iliore. See , 
 J\'IeJfjf agues. Smyth. j 
 
 Mijfiiiabe Lake, \fi N. America, Idt 48. ! 
 29 42 N, and long. 84 a 42 W. j 
 
 MlJJinabe Hoitfe is fituattd on the E fide 1 
 of Moofe river, 8 miles from Miflinabt j 
 lake, and 80 W by S of Frederick Honfe ; ! 
 and is a flation belonging to the Hudfon [ 
 Bay Company. I 
 
 M'lJJlquoJh Ri-vir. Nova Scotia and N. j 
 Brunlwick provinces are feparated by \ 
 the feveral windings of this river, from \ 
 its confluence with Beau Bafin (at the ! 
 head of Chignetfto channel) to its rife or I 
 main'fourLe; and from thence by a due j 
 E line to the bay of Verte, in the ftraits ! 
 of Northumberland. See N. Brurfivuk. j 
 
 Mijftfcoui. See Michifcouic. 
 
 M/Jpf:ppi River. This noble river, ' 
 which, with its eaftern branches, waters ' 
 five-eighths of the United States, forms 1 
 their wcflern boundary, and feparates | 
 them from Louifiana. It rifes in White | 
 Bear Lake, lat. 48 15 N, long. 98 30 W. I 
 The tributary dreams which fall into it ' 
 from the W and E are numerous, the j 
 largefl of which are the MilTouri from 
 the weft, and the Illinois, Ohio, and Ten- 
 neflce from the E. The country on both 
 fides of the Miffifippi, and on its tribu- 
 tary ftreams, is equal in goodnefs to any 
 in N. America, 'i'his river is navigable 
 to St. Anthony's Falls without any ob- 
 
 ■flrudlicn. ard fomc travellers defcrllie it 
 as navigable above them.' On both fides 
 of this river are fait fprings or licks, 
 Avhich produce txcellent fait ; and on its 
 hr;^nclits are innumerable fuch fprings. 
 Befides the coal mines in the upper parts 
 of the Ohio country, there are great 
 quantities of coal on the upper branches 
 of tills river. Some account of the valu- 
 able prodij<5tions on the banks of this 
 majcflic river, and tl)e lands which its 
 branches water, will he ieen under the 
 defcription of Louifiana, Weft Florida, 
 Ter.nelTte, Georgia, &c. &c. An ifiand of 
 confiderable fizc is formed by its mouths, 
 befides many fmallf r ifles, Thcfe mouths 
 are fituattd between the latitude of 29 
 and 3.0 N, and between the longitude of 
 89 and 90 W. See BoUze. 
 
 M'rjfijippi territory., Thp^ is forniird cf 
 the weftern part of the State of Georgia, 
 and is bounded N by Tenneflee, W by 
 the Miflifippi river, S by W. Florida, E 
 by the Appalachicola and Flint rivers. 
 The principal part of this country is in- 
 habited by tlie Creek, Chadtaw, Chicka- 
 faw aTid Cherokee nations of Indians. It 
 was ercv^ed into a Territorial government 
 in 1800, and divided into three counties, 
 viz. 
 
 Inhah. 
 Wafliington, 1250 
 
 Pickering, 2940 
 
 Adams, 4660 
 
 Tot J 
 
 88 <o, 
 
 whic!i number, 3489 are flaves. NatclfH 
 is the capital. 'I'his country is water- 
 ed by many fine rivers, ajid contains 
 large trails of fome of the beft land 
 in the United States. In Jan. 7, 1795, the 
 State of Georgia fold about 30,000,000 
 acres of this Territory, and afterwards 
 wickedly burnt the records of the tranf- 
 adlicn.. The bufinefs is in a train of ad- 
 jnftment before a Board of CommiflTioners 
 of the United States. 
 
 Mijjouri River, in LoTiifiana, falls into 
 the Mifljfippi from the weftward, 18 
 miles below the mouth of the Illinois, 195 
 above the mouth of the Ohio, and about 
 1 160 miles from the Balize, or mouths 
 of the Miflifippi in the gulf of Mexico. 
 Hutchins favs it is navigable 1300 mile?, 
 and larger than the Miflifippi. 
 
 MiJfQurisy one of the Indian nations 
 who inhabit the banks of the above riv- 
 er, having, it is faid, 1500 warrior^. 
 
 MyJake Bay, a large bay on the Wfide 
 of the entrance of Davi&'s iitraits, and 
 
 to 
 
MOB 
 
 M H 
 
 to the N of riiiclfon's Straits; from ; 
 which it is feparated by a peninfula | 
 of the N main on the W, and Rtfo- \ 
 lution Ifland on the S. It is to the j 
 N E of Nieva Illand, and N W of Capq j 
 EHzabeth. j 
 
 Mtjlulen Cnpe, the S point of the eaft- 
 crnmofl of the Hermit's Iflands, is about i 
 3 leagues E N E from Cape Horn, at the ! 
 extremity of S. America. Between thtl'e 
 it i.s fuppofed there is a pr^-ilage into i 
 NaiTau Bay.. I 
 
 M'Jiaien Point, to the Aveftward (jf Cape ' 
 Race, at the S E point of the Ifiand of 
 Newfoundland, and to thfc eaO^ward of ; 
 Gape Pine, is fo called becaufe it has been | 
 frequently miftaken by feamen for Ciipe 
 Race u hen they fird: make the ifland from 
 the fouthward, though it is 2 leagues W , 
 J^ W from it. i 
 
 M'lfiic^ or Mylluy a fliort river which i 
 falls into the N fide of BoHon harl>oui, 
 by a broad mouth on the E fide of the 
 peninfula of Charlcftown. It is naviga- 
 ble for fioops 4 miles to the induflrious 
 town of Medford ; and is croiTcd, a mile 
 above its mouth, by a bridge 130 rods ; 
 in length, and by another at its mouth, 
 The Middlcfex canal connects this river ' 
 with the Merrimack. ■ 
 
 MitcbdVs EdJy, the firf^ falls of Merri- ! 
 mack river, 20 miles from its mouth, and 
 8 above Haverhill. Thus far it is navi- ; 
 gable for fliips of burden. 
 
 Ivlitcbi^iimas, an Indian nation, who 
 with the Piorias inhabit near the fettle- j 
 tnyits in the Illinois country*. See Piorias. 
 
 Mocgis JJaticIs, on the N coaft of S. - 
 America, in the entrance of the Guif of , 
 Venezuela. They extend frcmi N to S, i 
 and lie W of the ifland of Aruba ; are 8 \ 
 or 9 in number, and all, except one, low, j 
 flat and full of trees, The fouthcrnraoft 
 is the largcft. j 
 
 Mobilt, a lar^e navigable river, formed | 
 by two main branches, the Alabama, and j 
 Tombeckbce, in the fouthwcftcrn part of : 
 Georgia, juft below a confiderable ifland, , 
 the S point of which is in about lat. 31 ; 
 a6 N, and long. 87 $s W. Thence pur- '' 
 fuing a S courfeinto W. Florida, the con- '\ 
 fluent flre«im enters the Gulf of Mexico j 
 at Mobile Point in lat. 30 17 N, 11 leagues ; 
 below the town of Mobile. Large veficls I 
 cannot go within 7 miles of the town, 1 
 The breadth of the bay is in general aboui i 
 3 or 4 leagues. Vaft numbers of large 1 
 adiigators balk on the fliores, as well as 
 (wim in the rivers and lagoons. See I 
 i^r^iay Alabajna^ Tombsckbee, &.c. From 1 
 
 the nortiieaRern fowrce of the waters of 
 the Alabama to Mobile Point, at the 
 mouth of lVri)bilc Bay, is, according to. 
 the befl maps, about 4C0 miles : large 
 boats can navigate 350 miles, and canoes 
 much farther. 
 
 Mobile, a lity of W. Florida, formerly 
 of eoniidcrable fpiendor and importance, 
 but now in a fhite of decline. It is pret-? 
 ty regular, of an oblong jigMr€,-aiid iitua- 
 ted on tlie W bank of the river. The 
 Bay of Mobile terminates a little to the 
 northeafb.vard of the town, in a number 
 of marflies and lagoons ; which fubjee'c the- 
 people to fevers and agues in the hoc 
 feafon. It is 33 miles N of Mobile Point, 
 alxjut 40 below the jundlion of the two, 
 principal iiranches of Mobile river, and 
 30 W^ N W of Penfacola. There are 
 many very elegant houfcs here, inhabited 
 by French, Englifli, Scotch, and Irifli, 
 Fort Conde, which fliands very near the 
 bay, towaids the lower end of the town, 
 is a regular fortrefs of brick; and there 
 is a neat fquare of barracks for the offi- 
 cers and foiditrs. Mobile, when in pof- 
 feflion of the Britifli, fcnt yearly to Lon- 
 don fkins and furs to the value of from 
 12 to £15,000 fieri ing. It furrendered to|, 
 theSpanifli forces in 1780, 
 
 M^'jock Bay, fets up N W from Chef-, 
 apeak Bay, into Gloucefler co. Virginia,^ 
 on the N fide of York river. 
 
 Mocoa, a city of Terra Firma,S. Amert 
 ica, fituated at the main fource of Oro- 
 noko river, there called bnirchia. 
 
 MocoKioko, or LHtli Oj-'^noko, a river to.. 
 the S E of the great river Oronoko, on 
 the E coaf> of S. America, 4 leagues wef^. 
 ward of Amacum. 
 
 Mader and Daughters IJlands, a long 
 ifland 2 leagues 5 by S of the Father, or 
 Vaader Ifland, with 2 fmall ones,fo call- 
 ed, near Cayenne, on the E coaft of S. 
 America, not far from the Conftables^ 
 and in about lat. 5 N, h-^ng- 5^ W. 
 
 M'gljulbi-ghkiitVi, or Muhulbv.cltitvtn^ Z. 
 creek which runs wcftward to Alleghany 
 river, in PeunlVlvania. It is naffable in 
 flat-bottomed boats to the fcttlements in 
 Norfhrmberiand couaty. Wlveeiing is its 
 northern branch. 
 
 J^IoLaiLji Bay, in Frederickfburg, Upper- 
 Canada, lies oppofite to the Mohawk let- 
 tkment, and dole to the mouth of the 
 river ApP'^t-nt^e. 
 
 Mobuivi^ li^vcr, in N. York, rifcs to the 
 northward of Fort Stauwix, about Smiles 
 from Black, or Sable R. a water of Lake 
 Ontario, and runs fouthwardly 20 niilea, 
 
M O H 
 
 M O H 
 
 to the fort, then eaftward no miles, and 
 after rcceivingmany tributary ftreams, falls 
 into Hudfon's river, by three mouths op- 
 pofite to the cities of Laniinburgh and 
 Troy,from7 to lomilts No! Albany. The 
 produce that is conveyed down this riv- 
 tr ib landed at Schenct5lady, on its S bank, 
 and is thence conveyed by land 16 miles, 
 pver a barren, fandy, flirub plain, to Al- 
 bany. It is in contemplation either to 
 cut a canal from ScheneiSlady to the nav- 
 igable waters of Hudfon's river, or to ef- 
 tablifli a turnpike road between Schenec- 
 tady and Albany. This fine river i^ now 
 xiavigable for boats, from Schenec5lady, 
 ;iearly or quite to its fource, the locks 
 and canals round the Little Falls, j6 
 mile| above Albany, having been com- 
 
 Elcted in the Autumn of 1795; fo that 
 oats full loaded now pafs them. The 
 canal round them is nearly | of a mile, 
 cut almotl: the whole diflance through 
 an uncommonly hard rock. The open- 
 ing of thiii navigation is of great advan- 
 tage to the commerce of the State. A 
 fl^ore of at Icaft looo milts in length is, 
 in confcqucnce of it, waflied by boatable 
 waters, exclufive of all the great lakes ; 
 and many miliiona of acres of excellent 
 tillage land, rapidly fettling, are accom- 
 modated Avith water communication for 
 conveying their produce to market. The 
 intervals on both fides of this river are 
 of various width; and, now and then in- 
 terrupted by the projection of the hills 
 quite to the banks of the river, are fomc 
 of the richeft and beft lands in the world. 
 The fine farms which embrace thefe in- 
 tervals, are owned and cultivated princi- 
 pally by Dutch people, whofe mode of 
 managing them would admit of great im- 
 provement. Tlie manure of their barns 
 they coniidcr as a nuifance, and inftcad of 
 Spreading it on their upland, which they 
 think of little value, (their meadow lands 
 do not require it) they either let it remain 
 for years in heaps, and remove their 
 barns when accefs to them becomes diffi- 
 cult, or elfe throw it into the river, or the 
 gullies and ftreams Avhich communicate 
 with it, The banks of this river were 
 formerly thickly fettled with Indians. 
 At the period \vhcn Albany was fiifi fet- 
 tled, it has been fi;id by refpecHiable au- 
 thority, that there were 800 warriors in 
 Schenediady ; and that 3C0 warriors liv- 
 ed within a fpace which is now occupied 
 98 one farm. The Cohoez in this river 
 ^re a great curiofity ; they are 3 miles 
 from its cntrar-ce into the Kudloii. The 
 
 river is about 1000 feet wide ; the rock 
 over which it pours, as over a mill.dam, 
 extends from S W to N E almofl: in a line 
 from one lide of the river to the other, 
 and is about 40 feet perpendicular height> 
 and including the defcent above, the fall 
 is as much as 60 or 70 feet. About a 
 mile below the falls, is a handfome bridge, 
 finiflied in July, i795' It is iioo feet in 
 length, 24 in breadth, and 15 feet above 
 the bed of the river, which for the moft 
 part is rock, and is fuppoitcd by thirteen 
 Ibiid (lone pillars. Including the expcnfc 
 of cutting through a ledge on the N E 
 fide of the river, it cod 12,000 dollars. 
 It is now out of repair. The river im- 
 mediately below the bridge divides into 
 three branches, w hich form feveral large 
 iilands. The branches arc fordable at 
 low water, but are dangerous. From the 
 bridge you have a f-ne view of the Co- 
 hoez on the N W. 
 
 Muhaiuk, or Coaiquago, a branch of Del- 
 aware river. Its courfc from its fource in 
 Lake Utfayanthe is S W 45 miles, thence 
 S E 12 miles, when it mingles with the 
 Popachton branch; thence the confluent 
 if ream is cabled Delaware. 
 
 Mobaivi, formerly a town on the S fide 
 of the river of its name, in Montgomery 
 CO, N. York, fituatcd in one »f- the moft 
 fertile countries in the world;.- It was 
 abandoned by the Mohawk Indians in 
 the fpring of 1780, See Hunter Fort^ztid 
 Florida, 
 
 Mobuivis, an Indian nation, acknowl- 
 edged by the other tribes of the Six Na- 
 tions to be *' the true old heads of the 
 confederacy." They were formerly very 
 powerful, and inhabited on Mohawk riv- 
 er. As they were flrongly attached to 
 the Johnfon family, on account of Sir 
 William Johnfon, a part of them emigra- 
 ted to Canada with Sir John Johnfon, as 
 early as the year 1776. About 300 of 
 this nation now refide in Upper Canada. 
 See Hunter Fort, and Six Nations^ 
 
 Mthaivi Stttlement^ bay of Quinti, V. 
 Canada is W of Richmond, and compre- 
 hended between the river Shannon and 
 Bowen's creek. 
 
 Mvhaivk Village, on the Grand River, 
 or Oufc in Upper Canada, is the princi- 
 pal village of the Six N?.tions, in the tradl 
 purchafed from the Miflaffaga nation for 
 them by his prefent majefty, on account 
 of their loyalty and attachment during 
 the late revolution, in which they loft 
 their p(^frtfRons on the Mohawk river. 
 Thistraifl is 100 miles long, and lawide, 
 iiUerfetSled 
 
M o r 
 
 M O N 
 
 rirfcrfcifled by Grand River, from its 
 mouth in Lake Erie upwards. .This is 
 the refidence of their principal chief, 
 C.apt. Jofeph Brant. The village is beau- 
 tifuliy fituated, has a neat church with a 
 fleeple, a fchool houfe, and a rou.icil 
 litoufe ; and not far from it is a grift and 
 faw mill, ^llefe byildings have for the 
 mofl: part been erciltd by government, 
 who now pay a miller, fchoolmafler, and 
 a hiackfmith,for their fervices at the vil- 
 lage ; and the fociety for propagating the 
 gofpel make an aliowance to a clergy- 
 TAan, of the eftabhthed church, for occa- 
 fional vifits m;ide to thefe tribes. The 
 liturgy of the church of Enghmd has been 
 tranfLited into the Moliawk language, and 
 printed for the ufe of the Six Nation In- 
 dians. Smyth. 
 
 In 1800, this nation, the Seneca and 
 Oneida Pagans, revived their cuftom of 
 facrificing wiiite dogs to their gods, which 
 ix2d been negledled 50 years ; on the 
 jjround that the neglcfft of this facrifice 
 had been one caufe of their various mif- 
 fortuncs. 
 
 JV/c<-6<'^a«, fituated between Norwich and 
 New London, in Conne(fticut. This is 
 the refidence of the remaining few of the 
 IWohcgan tribe of Indians. A confidera- 
 bic part cf the remains of this tribe late- 
 ly removed to Oneida with the late Air. 
 Occom. See Broihzttczvn. 
 
 JHo&icconSf a tribe of Indians who in- 
 habit on a branch of the Sufquehannah, 
 l)€tween Chagnet and Ovi^egy. They were 
 reckoned by Hutchins, about 30 years 
 ago, at 100, but by Imlay, in 1 773, at only 
 70 fighting men. They were formerly a 
 confederate tribe of the Delawares. Alfo 
 an Indian tribe, in the N W Territory, 
 who inhabit near Sandufky, andl)etwcen 
 the Sclota and Mufkingum. Warriors, 
 60. 
 
 Mains, a river of IjOuifiana, which emp- 
 ties from the N W into the MifTifippi, in 
 lat. 40 ao N. The Sioux Indians dtfcend 
 by this river. 
 
 Moijie River, on the N fliore of the St. 
 l^awrence in L- Canada, a little E of the 
 Seven Iflands. 
 
 Mole, The, is fituated in the N W part 
 ©f the ifland of St. Domingo, 2 leagues E 
 cf Cape St. Nicholas, and is often called 
 by that name. The Mole, though infe- 
 rior by a great deal, to Cape Francois 
 and Port au Prince, i.s tiieiirfl port in 
 the ifland for fafety in time of w.u-, being 
 ftrongly fortified both by nature ai.d art. 
 Count D'Eftaing, under whofc dire<aion 
 
 thefc worics were conflrucTted, Intended 
 to have eftablillied here the ftat of the 
 French government ; but the pr ouudf ions 
 of its dependences were of too little value 
 to engage his fuccelTors to carry his plan 
 into elTect : fo that it is now no more than 
 a garrifon. It has a beautiful and fafe port, 
 and is coufidered as the heaUliiefi: fitua- 
 tion in St. Domingo, by rsafcm of the pu- 
 rity of its fprings. The exports from 
 J.in. I, 1789 to December 31, of the fame 
 year, were only 265,6151b. coffee — z6,86t 
 lb. cotton — 2,8231b. indigo, and other 
 Imall articles to the value of 129 livres. 
 The x'alue of duties on exportation 1,250 
 dollars 21 cents. It is 4 leagues W of 
 Jean Rabcl, ir N Wof Bombardc, 36 W 
 of Cape Francois, and 17^ W by S of Port 
 de Paix. N lat. 19 50, W long, 75 48. 
 
 Molines Gut, on the S W lide of the 
 iiland of St. Chrifcopher's in the W.Indies, 
 is the firfl rivulet to the S E of Brimflone 
 Hillj near the mouth of which is anchor- 
 age in 5 and 10 fathoms,and a clear iliore; 
 but to the eafcward of it are fome funken 
 rocks, 
 
 JMona,OV La Guenon, or The Move, a fmall 
 ifland, ii^^ leagues S W of Point I'Epee^ 
 which is the Ibuthwefternmofl: point of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, and 14:5; leagues 
 W of the S W point of the ifland of Porto 
 Rico. It is 2 leagues from E to W and a 
 little more from N to S. It has feveral 
 ports for fmall vciTels, plenty of good 
 water, and all that would be neceflary 
 for fettlements of culture, and the breed- 
 ing of cattle. Its fruit trees, and partic- 
 ularly the orange, are much extolled. A 
 league and a half N W of Mona is a very 
 fmall iflaiid, called Monique,or the Little 
 Monkey. 
 
 Munadnoci, Greaf^ a. mountain fituated 
 in Chtfliire co. N. Hampfliirc, between 
 the towns of Jaffrey and Dublin, 10 milei 
 N of Maflachufetts line, and 22 mites E 
 of Connecticut river. The foot of the 
 hill is 1395 feet, and its fummit 3254 feet, 
 above the level of the fea. Its bafe is 5 
 miles in diameter from N to S, and 3 
 from E to W, On the fides are fome ap- 
 pearances of fubterrancous fires. Its fum- 
 mit IS a bald rock. 
 
 Monadnock, Upper Grert, a high moun- 
 tain, in Canaan, in the N E corner of the 
 S^ate of Vermont. 
 
 Monahan, A tcwnfliip in York co.Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Monday Bay, on the S fliofc of the 
 ftraits of Magellan, in that part of the 
 ftraits called the Leng Beach. It is near- 
 
u on 
 
 u o N 
 
 h S of Buckley Point, on the N fide of j 
 the ftrait, and afFords good anchorage m 
 ao fathoms. 
 
 Monday, a cape in the above Straits, 7 
 leagues W N W ol Cape North. S lat. 
 j;^ 12, W long. 75 20. 
 
 Mori(ron, on the coaft of Peru, on the 
 S. Pacific Ocean, is 10 leagues N of the 
 harbour of Guarmey, and 4 leagues from 
 Bermejo Ifland, which lies between the 
 former places. Cafma is 4 leagues N of 
 it. Mongon is known at fea by a great 
 mountain juftover it,which is feen farther 
 than any others on this part of the coaft. 
 
 Mo^iffof/y Cafie, on the S fide of the illand 
 of St.Dorningo, is 3000 f'itKoms N of Point 
 Bahoruco and the river Nayauco, and 
 nearly S of the little part of Petit Trou. 
 
 M'jnhcgan, or Menbegan, a fmall ifland 
 in the Atlantic Ocean, fa miles fouiheaft- 
 erly of Pemaquid Point, in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, and in lat. 43 42. North of it are 
 a number of fYnall iflcs at the mouth of 
 St. Ge rge's river. Captain Smith land- 
 ed his party here in 1614. The chim- 
 neys and renwins of the houfes are yet 
 to be feen. 
 
 Monet ou IJIands, in the N W Territory, 
 lie towards the E fide of Michigan Lake, 
 towards its N cud, and fouthward of Bea- 
 Tcr Iflande. 
 
 Monhton^ a poft town in Addlfon co, 
 Vermunt, E of Ferrifourg, loBo inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Monkton, a townfliip in Annapolis co. 
 Nova Scotia, inhabited by Acadians, and 
 a few families from New England. It lies 
 partly on the bafon of Annapolis, and 
 partly on vSt. Mary's Bay, and confifts 
 chiefly of Avood-land and fait marfli. It 
 contains about 60 families. 
 
 Monclava, a town of New Leon, N. 
 America, fituated S E of Conchos. 
 
 Monmouth, a large maritime co. of N. 
 Jerfey, of a triangular lliape, 8c miles in 
 length, and from 25 to 40 in breadth ; 
 bounded N by part of Raritan Bay, N 
 W by Middlefex co. S W by Burlington, 
 and E by the ocean. It is divided into 
 6 townfliips, and contains 19,872 inhabi- 
 tants, including 1633 flaves. The face 
 of the county is generally level, having 
 but few hills. I'he moft noted of thefe 
 are the high lands of Navehnk and Cen- 
 rre-Hill, 'SccMidMetoivn. A great part of 
 the county is of a fandy foil ; but other 
 parts are fertile. There is a very curious 
 cave, now in ruins, at the mouth of Nave- 
 ink river, 30 feet long and 15 wide, and 
 coiu-aim tUrec aroiied apartoicnts. 
 
 Monmovtb^ or FrtehnhU a pofl town at^^ 
 capital of the above co, fituated 22 miles 
 N E by E of Al!cnto\vn, 34 E of Tren- 
 ton, 14 S W by S of Sluewfbury, and 64 
 N E by E of Philadelphia. It contains a 
 court-houfe, gaol, and a few compact 
 dwelling houfes. Here is a Prefbyterian 
 and Baptift meeting houfe. This town Is 
 remarkable for the battle fought withrn 
 its limits June 27, 1778, between the 
 armies of General Wafliington, and Sir 
 Henry Clinton. The latter having evac- 
 uated Philadelphia, was on his march to 
 New York. The lofs of the Americans, 
 in killed and wounde;', was about 250 ; 
 that of the Britifli, inclufiveof prifoners, 
 was about 350. The Britifli purfut^ 
 their march the night after, without the 
 lofs of their covering party or baggage. 
 See Ftcehold. 
 
 Monmouth, a poft town in Lincoln co. 
 fituated on the E fide of AndrofcoggJa 
 river, 16 miles W by S of Hcillowell court- 
 houfe, 49 N of Portland, and has 701 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Monmouih Cape, on tllC E fidc of iRc 
 Straits of Magellan. 
 
 Movmouth Jjland, one of the four ifland* 
 of Royal Reach, in the Straits of Magel- 
 lan, and the fecond from the weflwar^d, 
 
 Monocacy^ a river, which, after a S S W 
 courfe, empties into the Patowmac, about 
 50 miles above Georgetown. 
 
 Manotigahela K'rver, a branch of the 
 Ohio, 4C0 yards wide at its junction witl* 
 the Alleghany at Pittfburg. It is <itep>, 
 gentle and navigable with batteaux ar^i 
 barges beyond Red Stone Creek, and flill 
 further with lighter craft. It rifes at the 
 foot of the Laurel Mountain in Virginia, 
 thence meanderin:; in a N by E dircdlion, 
 pafl'es into Pennfylvania, and receive'* 
 Cheat river from the S S E, thence wind- 
 ing in a N by W courfe, feparates Fayette 
 and Weflmoreland from Wafliington co. 
 and pafTing into Alleghany eo. joins thi* 
 Alleghany river at Pittfburg and fornss 
 the Ohio. It is 300 yi.rds wide 12 or 15' 
 miles from its mouth, where it receives- 
 the Yv'>ughiogany from the S E, which ts 
 navigable with batteaux and barges to 
 the foot of Laurel hi!!. Thence to Red: 
 Stone, at Fort Byrd, by water is 50 miles, 
 by land 30. Thence to the mouth of 
 Cheat river, by water 40 miles, by land 
 28 ; the width continuing at 300 vards, 
 and the navigation good for boats. Thence 
 the width is about 2co yards to the weft- 
 ern fork, 50 miles higher, and the navi- 
 gation frequently interrupted by rnpid.*:;- 
 
 w kicL,. 
 
M ON 
 
 MOfJ 
 
 ■wliich, however, tvith a fwell of a or 3 
 feet, become very paiTable for boats. It 
 then admits light boats, except in dry fea- 
 fons, 6s miles further, to the head of Ty- 
 gart's Valley, prefenting only fome fmall 
 rapids and falls of r or a feet perpendic- 
 ular, and IciTeuing in its width to 40 
 yards. The v/eftern fork is navigable in 
 the winter, towards the northern branch 
 of the Little Kanhawa, and will admit 
 a good w.iggon road to it From the 
 navigable waters of the foutheafternmofl: 
 branch of the Monongahela, there is a 
 portage of 10 miles to the S branch of Pa- 
 towmac river. The hills oppofite Pittf- 
 burg on the banks of this river, which are 
 at leaft 500 feet high, appear to be one 
 Iblid body of coal. On the Pike Run of 
 this river, a coal hill has been on fire 10 
 years ; yet it has burnt away only 2C 
 yards. 
 
 Monongalia, a CO. in the N W part of 
 Virginia, about 40 miles long, and 30 
 broad, and contains 8540 inhabitants. 
 
 Monpox, a city of Terra Firma, about 
 75 miles S E by E of Tolu. 
 
 Monro:, a CO. of Virginia, taken from 
 Green Briar, on the S fide. At the court- 
 houfe is a poll ofSce, 320 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Mortfeag Bay, in Lincoln co. Maine, is 
 feparated from Sheepfcut river by the 
 ifland of Jeremyfquam. 
 
 Monfon, a townfliip in Hampfliire co. 
 Maflachufetts, E of Brimfield. 
 
 Mottfiesy the third tribe in rank of the 
 Delaware nation of Indians. 
 
 Montague^ a townfhip in Hampfhirc co. 
 Maflachufetts, on theE bankofConnedli- 
 cut R. above Sunderland, about i8 miles 
 N of Northampton, and 90 miles W by 
 N of Bofton. It was incorporated in 
 1753, and contains l^^^ inhabitants. A 
 bridge unites this town with Greenfield, 
 which 5s on the oppofite fide of the river. 
 It confifts of four arches, and is 620 feet 
 long and 30 wide. 
 
 Montague^ the northernmoft townfliip 
 in N. Jerfey, is Ctuated in Suflex co. on 
 the E fide of Delaware R. about 5 miles 
 N E of Minifiuk, and 17 N of Newtown. 
 
 Montague, the l^rgcft of the fmall 
 iflands in Prince William's Sound, on the 
 N W coaft of North America. 
 
 Montague Toivnjhip^ iu U. Canada, lies 
 partly in the co. of Greenville, and part- 
 ly in Leeds, to the northward of Wol- 
 ford, and is waflied by the river Radeau. 
 
 Montauk Point, the eaftetn extrem- 
 ity of Long Ifland, N. York. A traA 
 
 here, called turtle Hill, has becti ceded 
 to the U. States for the purpofe of build* 
 ing a light-houfe thereon. 
 
 Monte Chrift, a cape, bay, town, and 
 river, on the N fide of the illand of St. 
 Domingo. The cape is a very high hill^ 
 in the form of a tent, called by the French, 
 Cape la Grange, or Barn. It is fituated in 
 lat. 19 54 ^o N, and in long. 74 9 30 W of 
 Paris. A ftrip of level land joins it tc» 
 the territory of Monte Chrift:, and it is 
 owing to this that the cape has been ta- 
 ken for an ifiand. It is 14 leagues N E 
 by E of Cape Francois, where it may be 
 feen in a clear day, with the naked eye 
 After doubling this cape, we fmd the bay 
 of Monte Chrift running nearly S W* 
 It is formed by Cape la Grange, on one 
 fide, and Pointe des Dunes (Down Point) 
 on the other; about 6,500 fathoms afun- 
 der. The bay is about 1,400 fathoaia 
 deep, and its winding is nearly 4 leagues. 
 About 900 fathoms from the cape, dc- 
 fcending the bay, we find the little ifland 
 of Monte Chrifl:, 350 fathoms from the 
 fliorc. One may fail between the two, 
 with a, 4 and 5 fathoms v/ater ; and about 
 250 fathoms further on, is anchorage in 
 from 6 to 10 fathoms. A league and a 
 quarter from Cape La Grange, is a batte- 
 ry Intended to protedt a landing place, 
 of 100 fathoms wide, which is below, and 
 oppofite the town of Monte Chrift:. The 
 town of Monte Chrift^, ftanding at 800 
 fathoms from the fea fide, rifes in an am- 
 phitheatre on the fide of the coaft, which 
 is very high all round this bar. The 
 town is 200 fathoms fquare, which fpace 
 is divided into 9 parts, cut by two ftreetst 
 running from E to W, and two others 
 from N to S. It was founded in I535. 
 abandoned in 1606, and is now but a poor 
 place, dcftitute of every refource but that 
 of cattle raifcd in its territory, and fold 
 to the French. The town and territory 
 contain about 3,000 fouls. There is a 
 trifling g:<rrifon at Monte Chrift:. About 
 a league from the battery, following the 
 winding of the bay, is the river of Monte 
 Chrift:, or more properly, the river Yaqui. 
 The land round the town is barren and 
 fandy ; and the river contains great num- 
 bers of crocodiles. Monte Chrift: is a 
 port well known to American fmugglcrs, 
 aiid carries on a great commerce, from it« 
 vicinity to the French plantations. In 
 the time of peace, all the produce of the 
 plain of Marihoux, fituated between Port 
 Dauphin and Mancenillc Bay, is (hipped 
 here, and in a war between France and 
 
 Britain, 
 
M O N 
 
 M o ]^r 
 
 Britain, it ufed to be a grand market, to 
 tvhich all the French in the north part of 
 the ifland lent their produce, and where 
 purcharcrs were always ready. 
 
 Monte Cbrijl, a chain of mountains 
 \vhich extend parallelto the north coaft of 
 the ifiand of St. Domingo, from the bay 
 of Monte Chrifl;, to the bay of Samana on 
 the E. Two large rivers run in oppofite 
 directions along the fouthern fide of this 
 chain. The river Monte Chrift or Ya- 
 que in a W by S diredlion, and Yuna 
 river in an E by S courfe to the bay of 
 Saroana. They both rife near La Vega, 
 and have numerous branches. 
 
 Montego Bay, is on the N fide of the 
 ifland of Jamaica, 20 miles E by N of Lv- 
 cea harbour, and ai W of Martha Brae. 
 This was formerly a flourilliiirg and opu- 
 lent town ; it conlifted of 225 houfes, 33 
 of which were capital (lores, and contain- 
 ed about 600 white inhabitants. The 
 number of topfail vefTels which cleared 
 annually at this port were about 150, of 
 which 70 were capital fhips; but in this 
 account are included part of thofe vvhich 
 entered at Kingfton. This fine town was 
 almoft totally dcftroyed by an accidental 
 5rc, in July, 1795; the damage was tfti- 
 mated at £200,000 fiierling. 
 
 Monteray^SL bay and fort of Galifornia. 
 In the bay whales fport in great nnnvbtrs ; 
 fogs often obfcure tlie coaft. live gov- 
 ernor of the Californias refides here. 
 With 282 cavalry he keeps in awe 50,000 
 Indians ; 10,000 of thefe have embraced 
 Chriftianity. See California. 
 
 Montevideo, a bay and town of La Pla- 
 ta or Paraguay, in S. America, fitn .ted 
 on the northern fide of La Plata river, 
 in lat 34 30 S. It lies eaft of Buenos 
 Ayres,and has its name from a mountaia 
 which overlooks it, about 20 leagues 
 from Cape Santa Maria, at the mouth of 
 the Plata. 
 
 Montgomery, a couiuy in the Upper dif- 
 trid: of Georgia, on ^he N E fide of Alata- 
 maha river, W of Liberty co. containing 
 3,1 80 inhabitants, divided into 12 towns. 
 
 Montgomery, a county of N. York, firft 
 called Tryon, changed to Montgomery 
 in 1784, by nA of the Legiflature, It 
 contains 24,483 iiihabitants. it is bound- 
 ed W by Herkemer, E by Saratoga, S by 
 Schoharie. Chief tow n, Johnfton. 
 
 Montgomery, a townfliip in Ulfter co. 
 New York, W of New Windfor and New- 
 burgh. 
 
 Montgomery, a fort in N. York State, 
 Gtnated in the High Lauds, on the W 
 
 Vol. I. U V 
 
 bank of Hudfon's river, on the N fide of 
 Popelop's creek, on which are fome iron 
 works, oppofite St. Aarhony's Nofe, 6 
 miles S of Weft Point, and 52 above N. 
 York city. 1 he fort is now in ruins ; it 
 was reduced by the Biitifli in 0<flol>cr, 
 
 1777. See Anthony's Nfe. 
 
 Montgomery, a townfliip in Franklin co, 
 Vermont. It is watered by Trout river, 
 A S branch of Miilifcoui, and has 36 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Montgomery, a townfliip in Hampfliire 
 CO. Maffachufctts, is n^iles from Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1780, and contains 
 560 inhabitants. 
 
 Montgomery, a county in PenufylvanJa, 
 }t^ miles in length, and 17 in breadth, N 
 W of Pliiladelphia co. It is divided into 
 28 townl"hips, and contains 24 150 in- 
 habitants. In this county are 96 grift- 
 mills, 61 faw-millfi,'4 forges, 6 fulling-mills, 
 and TO paper-mills. Chief town, Norri- 
 town. 
 
 Montgcm.'ry, a townfliip in the above 
 CO. where is a poft office. There is alfo' 
 a townfliip of this rtame in Franklin co. 
 
 Montgomery, a co. in Salifbury diflridl, 
 N.Carolina, containing 7,677 inhabitants, 
 including 1373 flaves. 
 
 Montgomery^ dt. county of Virginia, S of 
 Boretourt co. It is c^bout 100 miles in 
 Icrtgih, and 44 in breadth, and has fome 
 lead mines. It contains 8,076 free inhab- 
 itants, and 9^8 (laves. Chief town, Chrif- 
 tianburg. Tlie court h-jufe is 28 mile* 
 from Anion court houf-^, 46 from Wythe 
 court houfe, and 40 from Siilifbury. It 
 is on the poft road from P^ichmond to 
 Kentucky. A poft ollice is kept here. 
 
 Montgomery, a county of Maryland, 6a 
 Patowmac river. It contains 15,058 in- 
 habitants, Including 6,288 (laves": The 
 court houfe is 2 S miles S E by S of Fred- 
 erickftown, 14 N by W of Georgetown 
 on the Patowmac, and 2>S foiithwcfierly 
 of Baltimore. Here is a poft office. 
 
 Montiromery, a countyinTennefTee State, 
 Mero difhicfi. This and Robertfon co. 
 are the territory, formerly called Tennef- 
 fee County, the name of which ceafes fiacc 
 the State lias taken that name. It is 
 bounded on the N by Kentucky, on the 
 S and W by the Indian boundary, on the 
 E by Davidfon and Robertfon counties. 
 It is watered by Cumberland and Red 
 rivers. It contains 2,899 inhabitants. 
 
 Montgomery, a county of Kcntuckyt 
 containing 6,999 inhabitants, of whom 
 749 are (laves. At the court houfe^i« a 
 poft office. 
 
 Mentmoritf , 
 
M O N 
 
 MOO 
 
 JHonimariny a new town Oil the N hank 
 of Ohio river, i8 miles hclow Pittfburg, 
 HtUcitcd du a beautiful plain, very fertile, 
 and abounding with coal. 
 
 MontpcHer, a port: town in Caledonia 
 CO. Vermont, on the N E fide of Otiion 
 R. It is 43 miles W from L. Champlain. 
 
 Montreal, the fecond city in rank in L. 
 Canada, (lands on an illand in the river 
 St. Lawrence, which is lo leagues in 
 length and 4 in breadth, and has its name 
 from a very high mountain about the 
 middle of it, which it feems to overlook 
 like a monarch from his throne ; hence 
 the French called it JMout-reul, or Royal 
 Mountain. While the French had pofTef- 
 fion of Canada, both the city and ifland 
 of Montreal belonged to private proprie- 
 tors, who had improved them fo well 
 that the whole Ifland had become a de- 
 lightful fpot, and produced every thing 
 that could adminifter to the convenience 
 of life. The city, around which is a very 
 good wall, built by Louis XIV. of France, 
 forms an oblong fquire, divided by regu- 
 lar and well formed flreets ; and when 
 taken by the Britiili, the houfes were 
 built in a very handfome manner ; and 
 every houfe might be feen at one view 
 from the harbour, or from the fouthern- 
 moft fide of the river, as the hill on the 
 lide of which the town ftands falls grad- 
 ually to the water, Montreal contains 
 about 60Q houfes, few of them elegant ; 
 but fmce it fell into the hands of the Brit- 
 ifli in 1760, it has fulFered much from 
 tire. A regiment of men are Rationed 
 here, and the government of the place 
 borders on the military. It is about half 
 A league from the S lliore of the river, 
 170 miles S W of Quebec, Trois Rivieres 
 being about half way ; no N by W of 
 Crown Point ; %o2> N by W of Boflon, 
 and 350 N by E of Niagara. N lat. 45 
 35, W long 73 u. See St. Lazvratce. 
 The river St. Lawrence is about 3 miles 
 ividc at Montreal. There is an illand 
 near the middle of the river, oppofite the 
 city, at the lower end of which is a mill 
 •with 8. pair of ftoncs, all kept in motion, 
 at the fame time, by i wheel. The works 
 are faid to have cofl: ^ii,coo fterling. 
 A large mound of ftone, <Scc. built out in- 
 to the river, flops a iutficiency of water 
 to keep the mill in continual motion. 
 
 Montreal, a river which runs northeaft- 
 ward into Lake Superior in U. Canada, 
 ©n the fouthern fide of the lake. 
 
 Montreal Bay lies towards the E end of 
 Lake Superior, having an ifland at the N 
 
 W fide of its entrance, and N E of Carip^ 
 bou illand. 
 
 Montreal JJle, in the E end of lake Su- 
 perior in U. Canada, is fmall and fituated 
 between the mouths of the rivers Mont- 
 real and Charrion, and near to the fliore. 
 
 Montrouis, a town in the W part of the 
 iHand of St. Domingo, at the head of the 
 Bight of Leogane, 5 leagues S E of St. 
 Mark, and 15 N W of Port au Prince. 
 
 M'iitferrot,onG. of the Carribbee iilands, 
 and the fmalleft of them in th^ Atlantic 
 Ocean. Columbus difcovercd it in 1493.. 
 It is of an oval form, 3 leagues in length, 
 and as many in breadth, containing about 
 30,000 acres of land, of which almoft jds 
 are very mountainous, or very barren. 
 The cultivation of fugar occupies 6,000 
 acres ; cotton, provifion and paflurage 
 have a,coo acres allotted for each. No 
 other tropical ftaples are raifed. The 
 produdlions were, on an average, from 
 1784 to 1788, 2,737 hhds. of fugar, of 16 
 cwt. each, 1,107 puncheons of fum, and 
 27 5 bales of cotton. The total exports 
 from Montfcrrat and Nevis in 1787 were 
 in value ^214,141 : i6 : 8. of which the 
 value of ;^ 1 3,981 : 12 : 6 was exported 
 to the American States. The inhabitants 
 of Montferrat amount to iL.300 whites, 
 and about 10,000 negroes. The firft fet- 
 tlers, in 1632, were Iriflimen, and the 
 prefent inhabitants are chiefly their de- 
 fcendants, or other natives of Ireland 
 fince fettled there, by which means the 
 Irifli language is preferved there even 
 among the negroes. I'he ifland Is fur- 
 rounded with rocks, and the riding be- 
 fore it is very precarious and dangerous 
 on the approach of a- tornado, having no 
 haven. It has only 3 roads, viz. Ply- 
 mouth, Old Harbour, and Kcr's Bay ; 
 where they are obliged to obfcrve the 
 fame methods as at St. Chriftopher's in 
 loading or unloading the vefTels. It lies 
 30 miles S W of Antigua ; the fame dif- 
 tance S E of Nevis, and is fubjecft to Great 
 Britain. N lat. 1647, W long. 6a 12. 
 
 Montfiouge, a river or bay in Lincoln 
 CO. Maine, which communicates with the 
 rivers Sheepfcut and Kennebeck. 
 
 Mcnt-aille, a townfliip in N. London co^ 
 Connedlicut, about 10 miles N of New* 
 London. It has 2,231 inhabitants. 
 
 Monument Bay yOi\ the E coaft of Maf- 
 fachufetts, is formed by the bending of 
 Cape Cod. It is fpaciousand convenient 
 for the protedlion of fliipping. 
 
 Moore, a county of N. Carolina, Fay- 
 ette aiftridl. It contain* 4,767 inhabit- 
 
 aiit«v 
 
MOO 
 
 M O R 
 
 a-Kt5, including 600 flaves. Chief town, 
 Alfordfton. The court houle, where a 
 pofi: office is kept, is 38 miles from Ran- 
 dolph court houfe, 40 from Fayetteville, 
 and :^9i from Wadiinj^ton. 
 
 Meorefield, or Moerijlmi'tj^ a poft town 
 
 in N. Jerfey, 13 miles eaflcriy of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Moore Fort, a phcc fo called in S. Car- 
 olina, is a ftupcndous bhilF, or high per- 
 pendicular bank of earth, on the Caroli- 
 na fhore of I^vann^h river, perhaps 90 
 or too feet above the common fur face of 
 the water, exhibiting the fingular and 
 pleafmg fpeclacle to a ftranger, of parti- 
 coloured earths, chiefly clays and marl, as 
 red, brown, yellow, blue, purple, white, 
 &c. in horizontal flrata, one over the 
 other. A fort formerly fl:o(>d here, before 
 the eretSlion of one at Augufta, from which 
 it ftood a little to the N E. The water now 
 occupies the fpot on which the fort ftood. 
 
 ]\iToores Creek, is 1 6 miles from Wilming- 
 ton, in N. Carolina. Here Gen. M'Don- 
 ald, with about a.oco royalifts, were de- 
 feated (after a retreat of 80 miles, and a 
 defperate engagement) by Gen. Moere, 
 at the head of 800 continentals. Gen. 
 M'Donald was taken prifoner, and the 
 flower of his men killed. 
 
 Moorfields, a poft town and the capital 
 of Hardy co. Virginia, fituated on the E 
 fide of the S branch of Patowmac river. 
 It contains a court iioufe, a gaol, and be- 
 tween 60 and 70 houfes. It is 25 miles 
 from Romney, 75 from Winchefter, and 
 180 from Richmond. 
 
 Moofc iJiV'ifr, a generous branch of Black 
 river. Thirty four miles from its mouth 
 on a fmall branch, at the outlet of a fmall 
 lake, Mr. J. Brown has made afettlement 
 and eredled mills. 
 
 Moofe River, rifes In Mifinabe Lake, a 
 fliort difl:ance from Michipicoten river, a 
 water of lake Superior, and purfues a 
 northeaftern courfe, receiving, about la 
 miles from its mouth, a large S branch, 
 and empties into the fouthern part of 
 James's Bay, N. America, by the fame 
 mouth with Abbitibee river. Moofe 
 Fort, and a fadlory, are fituated at the 
 mouth of this river, N lat. 51 r6, W long. 
 8151; and Brunfwick Houfe is on its W 
 bank about lat. 50 30. Round the bot- 
 tom of James's Bay, from Albany Fort 
 And river, on the W fide, to Rupert's riv- 
 er on the E fide, the woods afford large 
 timber trees of various kinds, as oak, afli, 
 befides the pine, cedar, fpruce, &c. Up 
 Moofe river beyond Brunfwick Houfe is 
 
 a fiill of 50 feet, above which It Is dcep?ind 
 navigable for a great diftance ; the foil 
 and the climate above the fall are faid to 
 be very good 
 
 Mij'ofe. Hhcr, a fliort flream In Grafton 
 CO. N. Harnpfliire, which runs northcaft- 
 er!y from the White Mountains into Am- 
 anfcciggin river. 
 
 Mo'.Jthend Lake, or Moofe Pond, in Lin- 
 coln CO. Maine, is an irregular fliaped 
 body &f water, which gives rife to the 
 eadern branch of Kenncbeck river, which 
 unites with the other, above Norridge- 
 wock, about 70 milts fouth of the lake. 
 The lake is faid to be three times as large 
 as L. George. There are very high moun- 
 tains to the N and W of the lake; and 
 from thefe the waters rwrx by many chan- 
 nels into the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Mor.fchillock, the highefl of the chnin c.f 
 mountains in N. Hampfliire, the White 
 Mountains excepted. It takes its name 
 from its having been formerly a remark- 
 able range for moofe, and lies 70 miles 
 W of the White Mountains. From its 
 N W fide proceeds Baker's river, a branch 
 of Pemigewaffet, which is the principal 
 branch of Merrimack, On tiiis moun- 
 tain fnow has been feen from the 
 town of Newbury, Vermont, on the 30th 
 of June and 2>^^ of Augufl ; and on the 
 mountains intervening, fnow, it is faid, 
 lies the whole year. 
 
 Moofc JJlandy on the coaft of Maine, at 
 the mouth of Schoodick river, contain* 
 about 30 families. On the S end of this 
 ifland is an excellent harbour fuitablc 
 for the conflru<aion of dry docks. Com- 
 mon tides rife here 25 feet. 
 
 Moofup River, rifes in FoRer, Rhode 
 Ifland, and nms S into Coventry ; there 
 meeting another branch, it turns firfl: eaft- 
 erly, then northerly, crofTes the S W cor 
 ner of Fofler into Killingly in ConneiEti- 
 cut, then turns S W and runs into Plain- 
 field, where it unites with the Quinabauj. 
 It is a large, rapid ftream, and furniflxes 
 a variety of excellent mill feats. 
 
 Morant Keys, off the ifland of J.amaica, 
 in the W. Indies. N lat. 17 47, W long. 
 
 IS is- 
 
 Morant Point, the mofl: eafl:eily pro- 
 montory of the ifland of Jamaica. On 
 the N fide of the point is a harbour of the 
 fame name. From Point Morant it i« 
 ufual for (liips to take their departure 
 that are bound through the Windward 
 Paffage, or to any part of the W end of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo. N lat. 17 j8, 
 W long. 76 10. 
 
 Morant 
 
M O R 
 
 M O R 
 
 JMoranf Ilar'oour^Pott, is ahoui 4 leagues 
 wcftward of Point Morant, on the S coafl 
 of the ifland of Jamaica. Before the 
 mouth of it is a fmall ifland, called Good 
 Ifland, and a fort on each point of the 
 entrance. 
 
 Morant River, is ^ leagues weftward of 
 the W point of Point Morant. The land 
 here forms a bay, with anchorage along 
 the ill ore. 
 
 Moravian ViVc^e, On the river Thames 
 in U. Canada, is in the 4th townfliip from 
 its mouth; it is an irregular built village, 
 of oneftrect, with inditTercnt wooden huts 
 and a Anall chapel ; inhabited by Indians 
 converted to the Moravian faith, and 
 their paftors ; who confiftof four miifion- 
 aries from the United Brethren. The In- 
 dians are peaceable and civil ; their prin- 
 cipal employment is in attending to their 
 corn-fields, and to the making pf maple 
 fugar. Above the village, on the river, is 
 a large fpring of pttrolium. Smyth. 
 
 Mcrena, a cape on the coaft of Chili, 
 S. America, is in lat. 23 45 S, and 15 
 leagues N E of Cape George. The bay 
 between thefc capes feems very defirable 
 to ftrangers to go in ; but in a N W 
 wind is very dangerous, becaufe the wind 
 blows right on the fliore, and makes a 
 very heavy fea in the road. Here is a 
 very convenient harbour, but exceeding- 
 ly narrow, where a good fliip might be 
 careened. 
 
 Murena Mofro, on the Coafl: of Chili, S. 
 America, in lat. 23 S, and 20 leagues' due 
 S of the N point of the bay of Atacama. 
 
 More, a townfliip in Northumberland 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Morelancf, the name of t^^ro townfliips 
 of Pennfylvania ; the one in Philadel- 
 phia CO. the other in that of Montgom- 
 ery, adjoining each other. In this town- 
 fhip are the towns of Willow Grove, and 
 Hatlborough. 
 
 Morgan Dtjlrifl^\n N.Carolina, is bound- 
 ed W by the State of Tennefiec, and S 
 by the State of S. Carolina. It is divided 
 ijnto the counties of Burke, Wilkes, Ruth- 
 erford, liincoln, and Buncomb ; con;^ains 
 49,184 inhabitants, including 4,643 flavcs. 
 Morganiozvny a poft town and the chief 
 town of the above diftric^, is in Burke co. 
 near Catabaw river. Htre are about 
 30 houfes, a court houfe and gaol. It is 
 45 miles from Wilkes, 46 from Lincoln- 
 town, 1 13 from Salem, and 661 from Phil- 
 adelphia. N li.t. 35 47' 
 
 Murgantoivny a poft town of Virginia, 
 ^nd fhirc town of Monongalia co. lituated 
 
 on the E fide of Monongahela river, aboHt 
 7 miles t) by W of the mouth of Cheat riv- 
 er, and contains a court houfe, a flonc 
 gc»ol, and about 40 hcufes. It is 30 miles 
 from Brownfville, 24 from Union Town, 
 in Pennfylvania, 76 from Cumberland in 
 Maryland, and 329 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Morgans, a lettlement in Kentucky, 38 
 miles E of Lexington, and 18 N E of 
 Boonfborough. 
 
 Mrgarza^ a town in Wafhington co. 
 Pennfylvania, fituated in, and a Imoft fur- 
 rounded by the E and W branches of 
 Charter's river, including the point of 
 their confluence ; 1 3 miles S of Pittfburg, 
 and on the pofl: road from thence to Wafli- 
 ington, the county tpvvn,diftant 10 miles. 
 Boats carrying from 2 to 300 barrels of 
 flour, have been built at Morganza, laden 
 at the mill tail there, and fent down the 
 Cbartiers into the Ohio, and fo to New 
 Orleans. By an aift of the legiflature of 
 Pennfylvania, the Chartiersyhom the Ohio 
 upwards as far as Morganza, is declared 
 to be a highway. This town is fur round- 
 ed by a rich country, where numbers of 
 grift and faw mills are already built ; and 
 the lands in its environs well adapted to 
 agriculture and grazing ; and is fpoken 
 of as a country that is or will be the rich- 
 efl: in Pennfylvania. Morganza, from its 
 fituation and other natural advantages, 
 muft become the centre of a great manu- 
 facSluring country; efpecially as confid- 
 crable bodies of iron ore, of a fuperior 
 quality, have been already difcovered in 
 the neighbourhood, and have been alTay- 
 ed. The high waving hills in this coun- 
 try, are, from the quality of the; foil, con- 
 vertible into the mofl: luxuriant grazing 
 landis, and are already much improved in 
 this way. Thefe hills will be peculiarly 
 adapted to raife live ftock, and more par- 
 ticularly the fine long-woolled breed of 
 flieep. ' From hence, confidcrable exports 
 are already made to New Orleans, of flour, 
 bacon, butter, cheefe, cider, and rye and 
 apple fpirits. The black cattle raifed 
 here are fold to the new fettlers, and to 
 cattle merchants, for the Philadelphia and 
 Baltimore markets; many havealfo been 
 driven to Niagara and Detroit. 
 
 Morgue Fort, or FortaUza de Morgue, on 
 the S fliore of the entrance to Baldivia 
 Bay, on the coaft ot Chili, on the S. Pacif- 
 ic Ocean. The channel has from 6 to 9 
 fathoms. 
 
 Moriches^ in Suffolk co. N. York, 213 
 miles from Wafhington, where a poft of- 
 fice is kept. 
 
 M^titnn,!, 
 
M O R 
 
 M O S 
 
 ' JHotiiffif, a bay on the E coaft of the 
 ifland of Cape Breton, near Aliray Bay, 
 from which it is (eparatcd on)y by Cape 
 Brule. It is a tolerably deep bay. 
 
 Moro Cafle is'on the point or headland 
 on the E fide of the channel of the Hu- 
 vannah, in the N W part of the ifland of 
 Cuba, and is the firft of two ftrong caf- 
 tles for the defence of the channel agaiml 
 the approach of an enemy's fliips. It is 
 a kind of triangle, fortified with baftions, 
 on which are mounted about 60 pieces 
 of cannon, 24 pounders. From the 
 caftlc there alfo runs a Avail or line 
 mounted with ^^ long brafs cannon, 36 
 pounders ; called, by way of eminence, 
 " The twelve Apoftlts :*' and at the point, 
 between the cafllc and the lea, there is a 
 tower, where a man ftai;ds and gives fig- 
 nals of what velTels approach. See Z/^- 
 vannah. 
 
 JMorokinnee, or Morotinnec^ in the ifland 
 of Mowee, one of the Sandwich Idands, 
 in the N. Pacific Ocean, is in lat. ao 29 N, 
 and long. 126 27 W. 
 
 Morofquillo Bay is to the fouthward of 
 Carthagena, on the coaft of the Spanifli 
 Main, and in the bight of the coaft; coming 
 out of Daricn Gulf, on the eaftern fhore. 
 
 JMorotoiy or Morokoi, one of the Sand- 
 wich Iflands in the Pacific Ocean, is about 
 z\ leagues W N W of Mowee Ifland, and 
 has fevcral bays on its S and W fides. 
 Its W point is in lat, ar 20 N, and long. 
 157 14 W, and is computed to contain 
 36,000 inhabitants. It is 7 leagues S E 
 of Woahoo Ifland. 
 
 Morris, a county on the northern line 
 .of N. Jerfcy, W of Bergen co. It is about 
 25 miles long, and 20 broad, is divided 
 into 5 towniliips, and contains about 
 156,809 acres improved, and 30.429 acres 
 of unimproved land. The eaftern piart 
 of the county is level, and affords fine 
 meadows, and good land for Indian corn. 
 The weftern part is more mountainous, 
 and produces crops of wheat. Here are 
 feven rich iron mines, and two fprings 
 famous for curing rheumatic and chronic 
 diforders. Black lead ore has been found 
 in the mountains. There are alfo 2 fur- 
 naces, two flitting and rolling mills, 40 
 forges, 37 faw mills, and 43 grift mills. 
 There arc in the county, 17,750 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom 775 are flaves. 
 
 Morrijfina^ a village in Weft Chefter co. 
 N. York, contiguous to Hell Gate, in the 
 Sound. In 1790 it contained 133 inhab- 
 itants. In 179T, it was annexed to the 
 townfliip of Weft Chefttr. 
 
 Motrifciin^ a poft town ?nd capital cf 
 the above co. is a handfcme town, and 
 contains a Prtfbyterian ^.nd Baptift 
 church, a court houfe, an academy, and 
 about 50 compa^El houfcs ; 19 miles N W 
 of Newark, and about ico N E of Phila- 
 delphia, The head quarters of the Amer- 
 ican army, during the revolutionary war, 
 was frequently in and about this town. 
 
 Momfville, a village in Pennfylvania, 
 in Berks' co. on the W bank of Delaware f^ 
 
 river, at the terry, one mile from Trentc^n, 
 9 from Briftol, and 29 from Philadelphia. 
 A poft office is kept here. 
 
 Mortis Buy, on i he W coaft of the ifl^-'i^sJ 
 of Antigua, in the W. Indies. It cannot 
 be recommended to fljiips to pal's this way, 
 as there is in one place S from the Five 
 Jflands otily 2 fathoms water. VefTela 
 drawing more than 9 fctt water miift not 
 attempt it. 
 
 Morrope, a town on the road between 
 Quito and Lima, in S. Am.erica. It con- 
 tains between 70 and 80 houfe?, contain- 
 ing about 160 families, all Indians; near 
 it runs the river Pozuelos, the banks of 
 which are cultivated and adorned with 
 trees. It is a8 or 30 leagues diftant from 
 Sechura, all that way being a fandy plain, 
 the track continually fl)ifting. 
 
 Morro Vtfijo. See St. Callan. 
 
 Mortiers Rods, OU the S coaft of Kew- 
 foundland Ifland. N lat. 47, W long. 5455. 
 
 M<irto Jf.and, on the coaft of Peru, lo 
 called by the Spaniards, from its ftriUing 
 refemblance to a dead corpfc, extended 
 at full length. It is alfo called St. Clara. 
 It is about 5 leagues N N E from the riv- 
 er Tumbez ; and is 2 miles in length, and 
 27 leagues from Guayaquil. 
 
 Morten Bay, on the N W coaft of the 
 ifland of Nevis, in the Weft Indies, is hear 
 the Narrows, or channel between that 
 ifland and St. Chriftopher's, to the N W 
 of which there is from 3 to 8 fathoms, 
 according to the diftance from fl.ore. 
 
 JMcrugo, a fmall river to the W and N 
 W of the gulf of Efitquibo, on the coaft 
 of Surrinam, in S America. 
 
 Mo/e, or Villa M Mofe, a town on the 
 bank of the river Tabafco, in the bottoir^ 
 cf Campeachy Gulf,to which fmall barges 
 may go up. Great quantities of cocoa 
 are fliipped here for Spain ; which Iringa 
 a great many floops and fmail veflcls tq 
 the coaft. 
 
 Mcfes Point, a head or cape of land, on 
 the E fide of the entrance ir^-' .1, n;..v/if<a 
 Bay, on the E coaft of Newfoundland 
 Ifland, 5 miles S W of Cape Bor.avifta. 
 
 Mq/ch/^cs. 
 
M O S 
 
 M O S 
 
 M^ofchknn. See Kihapvs. 
 JM'jfliys, a place oil Roanoke river, 9 
 miles below St. Tammany's, and 3 above 
 Eaton's. The produce of the upper 
 country is brought to thefe places, and 
 fent thence by waggons to Peterfburg in 
 Virginia. 
 
 JMrjfquito Shore. The exatft boundaries 
 of this country have never been accurate- 
 ly drawn. The King and his chiefs have 
 generally confidcred their limits to ex- 
 tend a little W of Black River, whence 
 the fea coafl: trends about E by S 60 or 
 70 leagues. This brings you to the N E 
 extremity of this country, or, as it is call- 
 ed by the Spaniards, the Cape of God's 
 Grace, on account of the great difficulty 
 they find in beating up from the wcfl. 
 From this cape, inalmoft every direction 
 toward the fea, lie a great number of 
 fmall iflands or keys, with reefs, rocks 
 and fliallows adjoining them, to the extent 
 of 15 or 25 leagues, and fomeof them 50 
 or 60, which have never been properly 
 furveyed, and which of courfe makes all 
 this part of the Carribbean fea a very dan- 
 gerous navigation, efpecially to ftrangers. 
 After doubling the above mentioned cape, 
 on the S fide of which is a tolerably good 
 harbour, of 18 feet of water, the courfe 
 trends nearly S, about 50 leagues, this 
 brings you to Pearl Key Lagoon, to the 
 eaftward of which lies the two Corn Ifl- 
 ands, 7 leagues diftant, and a number of 
 fmaller iflands lie round this lagoon ; but 
 the two former only are inhabited, and 
 thatfparingly. In running this 50 leagues, 
 you pafs feveral barred rivers, with water 
 only for boats to pafs, and at the entrance 
 of this lagoon there is 9 feet of water. 
 About 8 leagues further S, you come to 
 the harbour of Bluefields, which is a good 
 harbour; there is but ii feet of water 
 on the bar. There ends the Mofquito 
 King's real jurifdi^lion, but he claims a 
 tribute from all the fea fliore inhabitants, 
 ■whether Spaniards or Indians, for 100 
 leagues to the fouthward, The whole 
 of the Mofquito fhore is very low land, 
 except back of Black River, where it be- 
 gins, and back of Bluefields where it ends. 
 From Bluefields the coaft trends a little 
 to the eaflward of S, until you come to 
 the harbour of St. Johns, which is a good 
 one, but has no town. A river of the 
 fame name empties into this harbour 
 from the lake of Nicaragua. On the eaft- 
 *rn fide of which lake ftands the city of 
 Granada, and on the river, fome leagues 
 before you enter this lake, ftinds fort 
 
 Charles. Canoes afcend this rirer. !« 
 proceeding along the coaft about fifteen 
 leagues from St. John's, to the fouthward 
 and eaftward, you come to a place called 
 Turtle Bouge, (the high land which be- 
 gan at Bluefields, ftill continuing.) This 
 place has no harbour, but is remarkable 
 for an amazing great refort of green tur- 
 tle in the fcafon when the females lay 
 their eggs, which is from the latter part 
 of Auguft to the laft of September. This 
 place, comprehending a bay or beach of 
 white fand, about 5 leagues in extent, 
 draws, as is reckoned by the inhabitants, 
 -|ths of the green turtle from fome hun- 
 dred of leagues on each fide of it. This 
 is the more curious, as they pafs in their 
 rout to this place innumerable bays or 
 tracts of fand, which appear to the hu- 
 man eye equally convenient with this. 
 It has been ftated on good authority, that 
 800 flie turtle have been ftopped on this 
 beach in one night, averaging zjolbs, by 
 10 men. The fcafon being over for lay- 
 ing their eggs, they return to their homes 
 with the fame diligence they came. The 
 meat, eggs and entrails of thefe turtle are 
 excellent. Each turtle lays three litters 
 of eggs in a feafon, one of 170, one of 100, 
 and one of 60 ; which is done at intervals 
 of about 14 or 15 days. They cover 
 their eggs 2\ or 3 feet deep in the fand, 
 and in 3 weeks the fun hatches them. 
 They then emerge, (being about the big- 
 nefs of a dollar) and make flowly to- 
 wards the fea, which is perhaps 50 vards 
 off ; but on this fhort pafTage they have 
 many enemies, fuch as tigers, eagles, 
 hawks, vultures, &c. and when they reach 
 the water, the fharks, which are h«re in 
 amazing plenty, prove the worft enemy 
 of all, fo that but few of the original num- 
 ber (330) are left to grow ; however, a 
 fufficient number efcape, to caufe a gen- 
 eral increafc. The Englifli evacuated 
 this country in the year 1787, and '88, 
 after holding it about 80 years. Their 
 firft pofTeffion was entirely accidental. A 
 crew of Buckaneers being caft away in 
 the Pacific Ocean, and kappening to fall 
 in by travelling with the river Warks, 
 which empties itfelf at the afore-namad 
 cape, they by degrees fettled themfelves 
 at the moft convenient places, for cutting 
 andmanufadluring mahogany, with which 
 this country abounds, and were in fadt 
 mafters of the country. The Mofquito 
 King, George, who was educated in Lon- 
 don, and is fince dead, was allowed to 
 have the nominal command, and fince 
 
 the 
 
M o tr 
 
 M U 
 
 iJic Englifli have left, and the Spaniards 
 come into poflellion, the King of the 
 Mofquito fliore is really abfolute, for 
 they have a fixed avcrfion to the Span- 
 iards, and will not allow the King of 
 Spain to be their mafler, though pleal'ed 
 to conlider the King of England ia that 
 relation. Capt. Pratt. 
 
 Mofquito Cove, on the coaft of Green- 
 land, in lat. 64 ^s, and long, 5a 57 W, 
 
 Mofquito Bay^ or Mvjhito, is at the S E 
 extremity of the ifland of St.Chfiftopher's, 
 and on the larboard fide of the channel 
 of the Narrows,from the S W going round 
 the point along the fliore, within the reef 
 to the northward. The coaft is here lin- 
 ed with rocks, and at a fmall diftance is 
 from 4 to 6 fathoms, on the W N W fide 
 of Booby IHand. 
 
 Mofquito, or Mofquito Cove^ on the W 
 fide of the ifland of Antigua, and fouth- 
 ward of Five Iflands Harbour. 
 
 Mofquito JJland, one of the fmall Virgin 
 Iflands, in the W. Indies, near the N coaft 
 of Virgin Gorda, on which it is depend- 
 ent. N lat. 18 a5,W long. 62^ 15. 
 
 Mofquito Point is the larboard point of 
 the channel into Port Royal Bay in Ja- 
 maica, where the powder magazines are 
 fetuated, and, on which 13 a battery of 80 
 guns, for the defence of the channel,which 
 is here very narrow. Round the point 
 to the northwefterly, is a fpacious bay or 
 bafon, into which comes the river of 
 Spanifh Town. 
 
 Mofquito Point, at the entrance of the 
 river ElTcquiho, on the coaft of Dutch 
 Guiana, S. America; round which, as 
 fbon as fliips are within, they arc direct- 
 ed to run S E and then due S, and come 
 to an anchor before the firft village. 
 
 Mothtr Creek, in Kent CO. Delaware. 
 See Frederic a. 
 
 Motte IJle, a fmall ifland in Lake Cham- 
 plain, about 8 miles in length and % in 
 breadth, diftant % miles W of North He- 
 ro Ifland. It conftituted a townfliip of 
 its own name in Franklin co. Vermont, 
 named, in x%0%. Vineyard, which fee. 
 
 Moucba,La, a bay on the coaft of Chi- 
 li, on the W coaft of S. America. 
 
 Moultonboreugh, Stafford co. N. Hamp- 
 fliire, now called New Hampton, which fee. 
 
 Moultrie Fort. See Sullivan s IJland. 
 
 Moultrieville, a town lately fettled on 
 Sullivan Hland, S. Carolina. Two hun- 
 dred dwelling houfes are erected, and it 
 is a place of great refort from Charlcfton, 
 during the fummer and autuum, for pleaf- 
 urc aud health. 
 
 Mount Bethel, Upper and Loivtr, tw»' 
 townfliips in Northampton co. Pennfyl- 
 vania, both contain 2,234 inhabitants. 
 
 Mount Airy, Surrey co. N. Carolina. 
 Here is a poft office 400 miles from,' Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 Mountains, Lake of the Tivo, K dilatation 
 of the mouth of Ottawa, or Grand River, 
 in L. Canada, on the weftcrn part of the 
 Ifland of Montreal. 
 
 Mountholly, a townfliip in Rutland co. 
 Vermont, formed out of a part of Wal- 
 lingsford, a part of Ludlow, and a gore 
 of land between them. It contains 668 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Mount Defert, an ifland on the coaft of 
 Hancock co. Maine, about 15 miles long 
 and IS broad. It is a valuable tradl of 
 land, interfedled in the middle by the 
 waters flowing into the S fide from the 
 fca. There are two confiderable iflands 
 on the S E fide of Mount Defert Ifland, 
 called Cranberry Ifland, which afllft 
 in forming a harbour in the gulf 
 which fets up on the S fide of the 
 ifland. The whole ifland contains 
 1 121 inhabitants. The northerly part 
 of the ifland was formed into a townihip 
 called Eden, in 1796. The foutheaftern- 
 moft part of the ifland lies in about lat. 
 44 12 N. On the main land, oppofitc 
 the N pait of the ifland, are the towns 
 of Trenton and SuUivan. It is ZZ5 miles 
 N E of Borton. 
 
 Mount Holly, a village with a poft of- 
 fice in Burlington co. N. Jerfey, on the 
 bank of Ancocus Creek, 12 miles S E of 
 Burlington, 
 
 Mount Hope Bay, in the N E part of 
 Narraganfet Bay. 
 
 Mount yoli, on the northern coaft of 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Labrador. 
 
 Mount JJland, on the above coaft, N lat.- 
 50 5, W long. 6 1 2,5- 
 
 Mount yovjthe name of two townfliips 
 in Pennfylvania, the one in Lancafter,. 
 the other in Adams county. 
 
 Mount Joy, a Moravian fettlement in 
 Pennfylvania, 16 miles from Litiz. 
 
 Mount Pleafant, a poft town in Weft 
 Chefter co. N. York, on the E fide of Hud- 
 fon's river; bounded foutherly by Greenf- 
 burg, and northerly and eaftcrly by Phil- 
 lipfburg. It contains 2704 inhabitants. 
 Alfo the name of a townlhip in Adams 
 CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Mount Pleafant, a village of Maryland, 
 fituated partly in each of the counties of 
 Queen Ann and Caroline, about H miles 
 E of the town gf Church Hill. 
 
 Mount 
 
M O U' 
 
 U XJ C 
 
 Mount T/retf, in Parfon co. N Carolina. 
 Here i» a pofl offfice 296 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 Mount Tom, a noted mountain on the 
 W bank of Conne(5ticut river, near North- 
 ampton. Alfo the name of a mountain 
 between Litchfield and Wafliington, in 
 Connecflicut. 
 
 Mount Ver}ior>, the feat of the late 
 George Washington, is pieafantly iit- 
 viatcd on the Virginia bank of Patovvmac 
 river, in Fairfax co. Virginia, where the 
 river is nearly 1 miles wide ; 9 miles be- 
 low Alexandria ; 127 from Point Look 
 Out, at the mouth of the river, and 280 
 miles from the fea. The area of the 
 mount is 200 feet above the furface of 
 the river; and, after furnifliing a lawn 
 of five acres in front, and about the fame 
 in rear of the buildings, falls ofF rather 
 abruptly on thofc two quarters. Oa the 
 N end itfublides gradually into extenfive I 
 paflure grounds ; while on the S 't flopes 
 more deeply, in a fliort diftance, and ter- 
 minates with the coach houfCjUables, vine- 
 yard, and nurferies. On either wing is 
 a thick grove of different flowering forcfl 
 trees. Parallel with them, on the land 
 frde, are two fpacious gardens, into which 
 one is led by two ferpeutine gravel walks, ' 
 planted with weeping willows and fliady i 
 flirubs. The manfion houfeitfclf appears : 
 x'cnerabie and convenient. A lofty porti- j 
 CO, 96 feet in length, fupported by 8 pil- 1 
 lars, has a plealing cfTe(5l when viewed , 
 from the water ; the whole affemblage of ! 
 the grecn-boufe, fchool-houfe,ofHces, and 
 fervants' balls, when feen from the land 
 fide, bears a refemWance to a rural vil- 
 lage ; efpecially as the lands on that fide 
 are laid out fomewhat in the form of En- 
 gliili gardens, in meadows and grafs | 
 grounds, ornamented with little copfts, j 
 circular clumps, and llngle trees. A fmall j 
 park on the river, where the Englifli fal- 
 low deer and the American wild deer are 
 feen through the thickets, alternately with 
 the vefTtls as they are failing along, add 
 a romantic and piclHiurefque appearance 
 to the whole fcenery. On the oppolite 1 
 fide of a fmall creek to the northward, 
 an ext,enfive plain, exhibiting corn-fields ; 
 and cattle grazing, affords in fummer a ; 
 hixuriant landfcape ; while the blended 
 verdure of woodlands and cultivated clc- 
 clivities, on the Maryland Ihore, varie- 
 gates the profpecft in a charming manner. 
 Such are the philofophic fliades to which 
 the Commander in chief of the American 
 army retired in, 1783, at the clofe of a 
 
 vi(5lorious war ; which he again left irf 
 1789, to dignify with his unequalled tal- 
 ents the highefi: office in the gift of his 
 fellow citizens ; to which he again re- 
 treated, in 1797, loaded with honours 
 and the benedidlions cf his country. 
 Where, in 1798, having again heard and 
 obeyed the call of his endangered coun- 
 try, to command her armies, he was fum- 
 moned on the 14th of December 1799, ^^ 
 join the heavenly hofts. 
 
 Mount Vernon, ^. town in Kennebeck 
 CO. Maine, 17 miles N W of Hallowell. 
 
 Mount IVaJhington, in the upper part of 
 the ifland of N. York. 
 
 Mount Wajbington^ one of the hlgheft 
 peaks of the White Mountains, in New 
 Hampfhire. 
 I Mount Wafoington^ the fouthweftcrnmofl: 
 townfliip of Maflachufctts, in Berkfliire 
 CO. 158 miles W by S of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated in ^779, and contains 2-91 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Mdvfe Hayhour^ at the E fide of the id- 
 and of St. John's, and at the S W angle 
 of lap gulf of St. Lawrence, is between 
 Eaft Point and Three rivers, and goes in 
 with a fmall creek that is moderately 
 fpacious within. 
 
 Moufum River ^ a fmall river in York co, 
 Maine, has its f^^>urces for its fouthweft- 
 ern or principal branch, in ponds in the 
 town of Shaplf ':gh In the fame county. 
 It pafTes through Sanford to its confluence 
 with the northeafterly branch, and con- 
 tinues the fame courfe between the towns 
 of Wells and Arundel, into Wells bay 
 and the fea. 
 
 Moivee, one of the Sandwich Ifles, next 
 in lize to, and N W of, Owhyhec. In it 
 ia a large bay of a femicircular form ;• 
 oppo.lte to which are the idands Tahoor- 
 ovva Morokinnee. It is about 162 milts 
 in circumference, and is thought to con- 
 tain nearly 70,000 inhabitants. They 
 are favages, the arts in a very low flate, 
 their morals deplorable. The fandtity of 
 female thaftity is unknown ; ignorant of 
 the great facriiicc offered on Mount Cal- 
 vary, yet confcious of guilt, they appeafe 
 their terrified confciences by facrifices of 
 their own invention. Hence they offer 
 each other on the bloody altar. Their 
 deities, like Moloch, are fuppofed to be 
 pleaicd with the expiring agonies and' 
 ftreaming blood of human vidlims. Lat, 
 21 N, long 155 W. 
 
 Muyamcnfing, a townfliip in Philadel- 
 phia CO. N of tlie city, adjoining. 
 
 Mucaiis J/IuiiJ, near the north coaft of 
 
 Cuba 
 
M U N 
 
 M U S 
 
 Cuba Ifland, In the W. Indies, which with 
 Ifland Verde lies oppofite lo the Cape 
 Quibannano. 
 
 Muddy Lake, In U. Canada, is fituated 
 between Lakes Huron and George ; it is 
 about Z5 or 30 miles long, and nut very 
 ■wide ; it has icvcral fmall iflands of which 
 St. Jofcph's, it fecms, is to be the princi- 
 pal. Smyth, 
 
 Mud Jjland, in Delaware river, is 6 or 
 7 miles below the city of Philadelphia ; 
 whereon is a citadel and a fort. On a 
 fand bar, a large pier has been erected, 
 as the foundation for a battery, to make 
 a crofs fire. 
 
 Mud Lake, in the State of N. York, Is 
 fmall, and lies a little S of Crooked Lake. 
 It gives rife to a N branch of Tioga river. 
 
 Mugeras tjlands, otherwife called Men- 
 £aiers, or IV'imen- Eaters Ifiands^ are lO 
 leagues S of Cape Catoche, on the E coafl 
 of the ptninfula of Yucatan. On the S 
 of them, towards the land, is good an- 
 chorage in from 7 to 8 fathoms, and clean 
 ground. 
 
 Muhltnhtrg, a CO. of Kentucky, bounded 
 N and N P: by Ohio co. N W by Hender- 
 fon, S W and S by Chriftian, and S E by 
 Logan, 4S miles long, 31 broad. It is 
 watered by Green and Muddy rivers 
 with their branches. It coutaias 1517 
 people, 116 being in flavery. 
 
 Mulatre, Paint , in the i/land of Domini- 
 ca, in the W.Indies. N lat. 15 16, W 
 long. 61 31. 
 
 Mulatto Pointy on the W coafl of South 
 America i:s the S cape of the port of An- 
 Con, 1 6 or tSmilesNofCadavayllo river. 
 
 Mutgrave Port. See Admiralty Bay. N 
 lat. 67 45, W long. 165 9. 
 
 Mulhe^an Ritier, in Vermont, rifes In 
 Lewis, and empties into Connecticut riv- 
 er, at Brunfwick. 
 
 Muliico Hill, Gloucefter co. N. Jerfey. 
 Here is a port oflice, 163 miles from Walli- 
 ington. 
 
 MuUicus River, in N. Jerfey, Is fmall, 
 and has many mills and iron works upon 
 \ti and empties into Little Egg Harbour 
 Bay, 4 miles E of the tovvn of Leeds. It 
 is navigable ao miles for veflcls of 60 tons. 
 
 Muncey, Lycoming co. Pennfylvanla. 
 Here is a poft office, 231 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Mttncy, a creek which empties into the 
 Sufquehannah from the N E, about 23 
 miles N of the tovvn of Northumberland. 
 
 Mundcllfville, Shenandoah CO. Viriginia. 
 Here is a pofl office, 114 miles from 
 Wafliirtgton, 
 
 Vol. I W vj 
 
 Miirfiii^ Dtlazvares, and Supoones, 3 IM.- 
 dian tribes, w^ho inhabit at Diagho, and 
 other villages up the N branch of Suf- 
 quehannah river. About 20 years ago, 
 the two fitO: could furnllla ijo warriors 
 each, and the Sapoones 30 warriors. 
 
 Murfte'Jhorotigby a poft town of N. Car- 
 olina, and capital of G:itC5 co. It is fitu- 
 ated on Meherrin river, and contains a 
 few houfes, a court houfe, gaol, and to- 
 bacco ware-houfe. It carries on a fmall 
 trade with Edenton, and the other fea- 
 port towns. It is 3 miles from Prince- 
 ton, I 'I from Winton, 50 N by -W of Eden- 
 ton, and 42a S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Murga Morgi Ri'ver, on the coall of 
 Cliili in S. America, is fouthward of the 
 S point of Quintero Bay, and not far 
 from the entrance into Chili river. It is 
 not navigable, but is very good to water 
 in. 
 
 Murray Toivhfoip, In the CO. of North- 
 umberland, U. Canada, lies to the north- 
 ward of the ifthmus which joins the co. 
 and peninfula of Prince Edward to the 
 main. It is wathed by the waters of lake 
 Ontario and the liver Trent, as well a« 
 thofe of the bay of Quinte. SmytL 
 
 Mufcle Rank, at tlve entrance into Trin- 
 ity Bay or harbour, in the diretflion of 
 S W on the E coaft of Newfoundland 
 Ifland. 
 
 Mufcle Bay, in the Straits of Magellati, 
 in S. America, is halfway i^etwecn Eliza- 
 beth's Bay, and York Road ; in which 
 there is good anchorage with a wcfterly 
 wind. 
 
 Mufd: Bay, Of M<f£tllones, on the coafl 
 of Chiii or Peru, in S. America, 5 leagues 
 S by W of Atacama. 
 
 Mufcle Shoals, in TennelTee river, about 
 250 miles from its mouth, extend aboat 
 25 miles, and derive their name from the 
 number of foft fliell turtles and frelh 
 water clams foUnd there. At tUis place 
 the river fpreads to the breadth of 2 or 
 3 miles, and forms a number of iflands; 
 and the paiTage is difaculr, except wheri 
 there Is a fwell in the river. From this 
 place up to the Whirl or Suck, where the 
 river breaks through the Great Ridg6, 
 or Cumberland Mountain, is 250 miles, 
 the navigation all the way excellent. 
 Froni thefe flioals to the navigable waters 
 of the Coofee is 40 riiiies, thence to Mo*, 
 bile bay 350. 
 
 Mi'Jkogulge, Mtjhngee, or, as they are 
 more commonly called, Cteek Indians, in- 
 habit the middle parts of Georgia, The 
 Creek or Muikogul<;e language, whicli 
 
M U S 
 
 M U S 
 
 h foft and muflcal, Is fpoken throughout 
 the confederacy, (although conilfting of 
 many nations, who have -a fpecch peculi- 
 ar to themlelves) as alfo by tlieir friends 
 and allies the Natchez. The Chicafaw 
 and Chadlaw language, the Muikogulges 
 - fay, is a dialed: of thtirs. The Mullco- 
 gulges eminently deferve the encomium 
 ' of all nations for their wifdom and virtue, 
 in expelling the greateft, and even the 
 . common enemy of n\3.n\i\inl, viz. fpirituous 
 liquors. The firfl and moft cogent article 
 in all their treaties with the wiiite people 
 is, that " there lliall not be any kiiid of 
 fpirituous liquors fold or brought into 
 their towns." Inflances have frequently 
 occurred, on the difcovery of attempts 
 to run kegs of Ipirits into their country, 
 ©f the Indians (triking them with their 
 tomahawks, and giving the liquor to the 
 thirfty fand, not tafting a drop themfelves. 
 It is difficult to account for their excel- 
 lent policy in civil government ; it cin- 
 not derive its efficacy from coercive laws, 
 for tliey have no fuch artificial fyftem. 
 Some of their raofl favourite fongs and 
 dances they have from their enemies, the 
 Chadlaws ; for it feems that nation is very 
 eminent for poetry and muiic. The Muf- 
 kogulges allow of polygamy in the utmofl: 
 latitude ; every man takes as many wives 
 as he plcafes, but the firfl: is queen, and 
 the others her handmaids and alTociates. 
 The Creek or Muikogulge confederacy 
 have S5 towns, befides many villages. 
 The powerful empire of the Mufkogulges 
 cftabliflied itfelf upon the ruin of that of 
 the Natchez. The Oahmulg: Fields \\ as the 
 iirfi iettiement they fat down upon, after 
 their emigration from the wed, beyond 
 the Mifl'jhppi, their original native coun- 
 try, 'llity gradually iubducd their fur- 
 rounding enemies, ftrengthening them- 
 felves by taking into confederacy the 
 vanquiilied tribes. Their whole num- 
 ber, fonie years liuce, was 17,280, of 
 which 5,860 were fighting men. La- 
 ter accounts fay 6,000 fighting men, and 
 .>6,COO fouls in all. Every town and vil- 
 lage has one cftabliflied white trader in 
 it, and generally a family of whites, who 
 have fled from fome pait of the frontiers. 
 They often, to have revenge, and to ob- 
 tain plunder that may be taken, ufc their 
 influence to fend out predatory parties 
 againft the fettlements in tfieir vicinity. 
 The Creeks are very badly armed; hav- 
 intg few rifles, and are moftly armed with 
 miilkets. For near 40 years pad, the 
 Creek hulians liavc had little iutei courfe 
 
 j with any ether foreigners, but thofe of 
 the Engllfli nation. Their prejudice iu 
 favour of every thing Englilh, has been 
 carefully kept alive by tories and others 
 to this day. Mod of their towns haVc 
 now in their pofieffion, Britidi drums 
 with the arms of the nation, and other 
 eml)lems painted en them, and fome of 
 their fquaws prcferve the remnants of 
 Britifli flags ! They dill believe that "The 
 Great King over the water" is able to 
 keep the whole world in fubjeAion. The 
 land of the country is a common dock ; 
 and any individual may remove from 
 ci>e part of it to another, and occupy va- 
 cant ground where he can find it. The 
 country is naturally divided into 3 dif- 
 trids, viz. the Upper Creeks, Lower and 
 Middle Creeks, and Seminoles. The up- 
 per didricl includes all the waters of the 
 Tallapoofee, Coofahatchce, and Alabama 
 rivers, and is called t!ie Abbacoes. The 
 Lower or Middle didiicft includes all the 
 waters of the Chattahoofee and Flint riv- 
 ers, down to their jundlion, andalthougk 
 occupied by a great number of different 
 tribes, tlie v, hole are called Cowetaulgas, 
 or Coweta people, from the Cowetan 
 town and tribe, the mod warlike aiid aia- 
 clent of any in the whole nation. The 
 Lower or Southern didridt takes in the 
 river Appalachicola, and extends to the 
 point of E. Florida, and is called the 
 country of the Seminoles. Agriculture 
 is as far advanced with the Indians, as it 
 can well be, without the proper imple- 
 ments of hufbandry. A very large ma- 
 jority of the nation being devoted t» 
 hunting in the winter, and to war or 
 idlenefs in dimmer, cultivate but fmall 
 parcels of ground, barely fufficient for 
 iubfidcnce. But many individuals, (par- 
 ticularly on Flint river, and among the 
 Chtliaws, who pofTefs numbers of ne- 
 groes) have fenced fields, tolerably well 
 cultivated; having no ploughs, they 
 breakup the ground with hoes, and fcat- 
 tcr the feed promifcuoufly over the 
 ground in hills, but not in rows. They 
 raife ho? fts, cattle, fowls, and hogs. The 
 only articles tlicy manufadure are earth- 
 cm pots and pan?, bafktts, ht)rfe-ropes 
 or halters, fmoaked leather, black marble 
 pipes, wooden fpoons, and oil from acorns, 
 liickory nuts aiul chefnuts. They con- 
 lid uf the Appalachics, Alibamas, Abceas, 
 Cawittaws, Coofas, Cunfiiacks, Coofac- 
 tces, Chaclihoomas, Natchez, Oconies, 
 Oakmulgics, Okohoys, Pakanas, 'faenfas^ 
 Talepoofas, M^'tctumkas, and fome others. 
 
 Their 
 
M U S 
 
 NAB 
 
 Their union has rendered t!iem vJ^flori- 
 ous over the Chadlavvs, and formidable 
 to all the nations around thcni. They 
 are a well made, expert, hardy, Sagacious, 
 politic people, txtiemeiy jealous of their 
 rights, and averfe to p/rting with their 
 lands. Tiiey have abundance of tame 
 cattle and fwine, turkies, ducks, and oth- 
 er poultry ; they cultivate tobacco, rice, 
 Indian corn, potatoes, beans, peas, cab- 
 bage, melons, and have plenty of peaches, 
 plums, grapes, ftrawbtrries, and other 
 fruits. They are faithful friends, but in- 
 veterate enemies ; hofpitable to (Irangers, 
 and honefl: and fair in their dealings. No 
 nation has a more contemptible opinion 
 of the white men's faith in general than 
 thefe people, yet they place great confi- 
 dence in the United States, and wifli to 
 agree with them upon a permanent 
 boundary, over which the fouthcrn States 
 Ihall not trefpafs. The country which 
 they claina is bounded northward by 
 about the 34th degree of latitude ; and 
 extends from the Tombeckbee, or Mobile 
 river, to the Atlantic ocean, though they 
 have ceded a part of this tract on the 
 fea coafl:, by different treaties, to the 
 State of Georgia. Tlieir principal towns 
 lie in lat. 32 and long, il zO from Phila- 
 delphia. They are fettled in a hilly but 
 not mountainous country. The foil is 
 fruitful in a high degree, and well water- 
 ed, abounding in creeks and rivulets, from 
 whence they are called the Crgpk Indians. 
 
 Miifconecunk^ a fmall river of N, Jcrfey, 
 which empties into the Delaware 6 miles 
 below Eafton. 
 
 Mujhingnm^ that is, ElFs Eye, a naviga- 
 ble river of the State of Ohio. It is 250 
 vards wide at its confluence with the 
 Ohio, 17a miles below Pittfourg, includ- 
 ing the v.'indings of Ohio, though in a di- 
 retSt line it is but 90 miks. At its mouth 
 (lands Fort Harrnar and Marietta. Its 
 banks are fo high as to prevent its over- 
 flowing, and it is navigable by large bat- 
 teaux and barges to the Three Legs, no 
 miles from its mouth, and by finall boats 
 to the lake at its head, 45 miles farther. 
 From thence, by a portage of about one 
 mile, a communication is opened to Lake 
 Erie, through Cayahoga, a fiream of great 
 utility, navigable the whole length, with- 
 out any obftru(flion from falls. From 
 Lake Erie, the avenue is well known to 
 Hudfon's river in the State of N. York. 
 The land on this river and its branches 
 is of a fuperior quality, and the country 
 abounds in fprings and eonveniences fit- 
 
 I ted to fettlemenfi5 remote fro"n fca navl- 
 } gation, viz. fait fprings, coal, free-ftone, 
 and clay. A valuable fait fpring has 
 been very lately difcovered, 8 miles from, 
 this river, and 50 from Marietta, called 
 the B^g Sprirg. Such a quantity of water 
 flows, as to keep 1000 gallons c'onftantly 
 b.oiling. Ten gallons of this water will 
 aiTord a quart of fait of fuperior quality 
 to any made on the fea coafl. 
 
 Mufkun, 
 
 UjKongMS^ 
 
 a fmall river v,'hich has its 
 
 fources in^ponds in the town of Union in 
 the CO. of Lincoln, Maine, and enters the 
 fea through the adjoining town of Waldo- 
 borough. It is about 20 miles long. 
 
 Mujhongus Bay, n^rmed by Bri/ftol or 
 Pemaquid point on the W, and Medun- 
 cook plantation on the eafl:. 
 
 Mujlongus IJland, in Mufkongus bay, 
 contains about 1000 acres. This Indian 
 name is alfo apphed to a grant or claim 
 of land called 'The Mujhongus Patent. 
 
 JVEufquohhs Indians inhabit the fouthem 
 waters of Lake Michigan, having, 20 
 years ago, aoo warriors. 
 
 Mufqiiatons, an Indian tribe inhabiting 
 near Lake Michigan. 
 
 Mufquiio River and Bay He at a fmall 
 diflance N of Cape Canaverel, on the 
 coafl; of E. Florida. The banks of Muf- 
 qulto river towards the continent abound 
 in trees and plants common to Florida, 
 with pleafant orange groves ; wiiilft the 
 narrow (trips of land towards the fea, 
 are moftly fand hills. 
 
 Mufqviiom, an Indian nation in the 
 neighbourhood of the Piankeflaaws and 
 Outtagomies; which fee. 
 
 Myerjloivn, a village of Dauphin co. 
 Pennfylvania, lituated on the N fide of 
 Tulpehockon creek, a few miles below 
 the canal. It contains about 1$ houfes, 
 and is 3^ miles E by N of Harrifburg, 
 and 77 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Mynomanics, or Minomanles, an Indian 
 tribe, who with the tribes of Chipeways 
 and Saukeys, live near Bay Puan, and 
 could together furnilh, about 20 years 
 3go> SS'^ warriors. The Minomanics 
 have about 300 fighting men. 
 
 Myrtle Ijlcind, one of the Chandeleurs or 
 Myrtle Iflands.in Nalfau Bay, on the coaft 
 of Florida, on the W fide of the peninfula. 
 
 N 
 
 NaAMAN's Creek, a", fmall flreara 
 which runs foutheaflcrly into Delaware 
 river, at Marcus' LIoo'ic. 
 
 NaFs Bay, near the weflern limit of 
 Hudfon's 
 
NAN 
 
 NAN 
 
 Hudfon's Bay, known by the name of the 
 Welcome Sea. Cape Efkimaux is its 
 fouthern point or entrance. 
 
 Kaco, a town of New Spain, in the 
 province of Honduras, ^o miles N W of 
 Valadoild. 
 
 Nahant Point forms the N E point of 
 Bofton harbour, in Al^ffachufetiS ; 9 
 miles E N E of Bofton. N lat. 42 27, W 
 
 long. 70 57. See Lynn Beach. 
 
 Nahunkeag, A fmall iiland in Kennebeck 
 river, 38 miies from the lea, fignifses, in 
 the Indian language, the land where eels 
 are taken. 
 
 No'n, a Moravian fettlcment, which 
 -was eftablifned in 1763, on Lehigh river, 
 in Pennfy'vania. 
 
 Nain^ a fettlement of the Moravians on 
 the coaft of Labrador, near the entrance 
 of Davis's Straits, being S S W of Cape 
 Farewell. It was begun under the pro- 
 tecSlion of the Britifli government, but is 
 now defcrted. 
 
 N.'m:Jhet, a fmall river which empties 
 into Narraganfet Bay. 
 
 Navjcmoy River, a fliort creek which 
 empties into the Patowmac in Charles 
 CO. Maryland, fouthweftward of Port 
 Tobacco river. 
 
 Nanjtmey, Charles CO. Maryland. Here 
 is a port office, 44 miles from V/afhington. 
 
 Nanjewond^ a county of Virginia, on the 
 S fide of James' river, and W of Norfolk 
 CO. on the N. Carolina line. It is about 
 44 miles in length, and 24 in breadth, 
 and contains n,iZ7 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 4,408 flaves. 
 
 Nanfemondy a fliort fiver of Virginia, 
 which rifes in Great Difmal Swamp, and 
 purfuing a N then a N E dircin;ion, emp- 
 ties into Jameb' river, a few miles W of 
 lElizabeth river. It is navigable to Sleepy 
 Hole, for veflels of 250 tons ; to SuflToIk, 
 for thofe of 100 tons ; and to Milncr's, 
 for thofe of 25 tons. 
 
 ITantaJhet Road, may be conudercd as 
 the entrance into the channels of Boflon 
 harbour ; lies S of the light-houfc, near 
 Rainsford or Hofpltal Iiland. A velTcl 
 may anchor here in from 7 to 5 fathoms 
 in iaftty. Two huts are eredled here 
 \vith accommodations for fliip wrecked 
 feamen. 
 
 Nanticoke Creek^ now called the river 
 Wavenny, in U. Canada, empties into L. 
 Erie between Long Point and Grand 
 Iliver. 
 
 Nanticoke^ a navigable rivcl- of the eaft- 
 ♦'rn fhore of Maryland, empties into the 
 ChefApe4k Bay. 
 
 Njnticokes, an Indian nation who foift 
 merly lived in Maryland, upon the above 
 river. They firfl: retired to the Sufquc- 
 hannah, ancl then farther north. They 
 wtre Ikilled in the art of poifoning ; by 
 which fliocking art nearly their whole 
 tribe was extirpated, as well as Ibme of 
 their neighbours. Thcfe, with the Mo- 
 hickons and Conoys, 30 years ago inhab- 
 ited Utfonango, Chagnct and Owegy, on 
 the E branch of the Sufquehannah. The 
 two firfl; could at tliat period furnilli lo© 
 warriors each ; and the Conoys 30 war- 
 riors. 
 
 NjntTnJll, Eiiji and Wef, two townfliips 
 in CheQer co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Nantucl'irt Ifuind, belonging to the State 
 of Maffachulttts, is fituated between lar, 
 ^ r 13, and 41 22 30 N, and between 69 
 56, and 70 13 30 V/ Ion. and is about 8 
 leagues fouthward of Cape Cod, and lies 
 eafiward of the iiland of Martha's Vine- 
 yard. It is 15 miles in length, and n in 
 breadth, including Sandy Point ; but its 
 general breadth is 3^ miles. This is 
 tliought to be the ifland called Nautkon 
 by ancient voyagers. I'here is but one 
 bay of any note, and that is formed by 
 a long fandy point, extending from the 
 E end of the ifland to the N and W (on 
 which (lands a light-houfe, which was 
 ere<5led by the State in 1784) and on the 
 north fide of the iiland as far as Eel Point. 
 This makes a fine road for iliips, except 
 with the wind at N W, when there is a 
 heavy fwell. The harbour has a bar of 
 fand, on which are only 7^ ftet of water 
 at ebb tide, but within it has I2 and 14 
 feet. The ifland conftitutcs a county of 
 its own name, and contains 5,617 inhabit- 
 ants, and fends one rcprefen^tativc to the 
 General Court. There is a'duck manu- 
 fatftcry here, and 10 fpermaceti works. 
 The inhabitants arc, for the mod part, a 
 robuft and enterpriling fct of people, 
 moftly fearnen and mechanics. The fea- 
 men are the moft expert whale-men in 
 the world. The whale fifliery originated 
 among the white inhabitants in the year 
 1 690, in boats from the ihore. In 1715, 
 they had 6 floops, 38 tons burden, and 
 the'fiflicry produced iiool. fieri. From 
 1772, to 1775, the fifliery employed 150 
 fail from 90 to 180 tons, upon the coafi: 
 of Guinea, Brazil, and the Weft Indies ;, 
 the produce of which amounted to 167, 
 Gool. fterl. The late war almofl ruined 
 this bufinefs. They have fincc, however, 
 revived it again, and purlue the whales 
 even into the great Paciiic Ocean . There 
 
 is. 
 
N A N 
 
 N A S 
 
 i,-, not here afioglc tree of natural growth ; 
 they hav€ a place called The Woods, 
 iiut it has been deftitute of trees for thefe 
 <?o years ppft. The iftand had formerly 
 plenty of wood. The people, efpecially 
 the females, are fondly attached to the 
 jiknd, and few wifli to migrate to a more 
 delirable fituation. The people are mcft- 
 }y Friends, ox Qurikers. There is one ib- 
 ciety of Congrcgationalifl:. Some part 
 of the E end of tlit ifland, known by the 
 name of Squam, and Ibme few other pla- 
 ces, are held as private farms. At prcl- 
 cnt. there are near 3C0 proprietors of the 
 ifland. The proportional number of cat- 
 tle, flieep, &c. put out to pafture, and the 
 quantity of ground to raife crops, are 
 minutely regulated; and proper officers 
 are appointed, who, in their books debit 
 and credit the proprietors accordingly. 
 In the month of June, each proprietor 
 fjives in to the clerks the number of his 
 fiieep, cattle, and horfes, that he may he 
 (Charged with them in the books ; and if 
 the number be more than he is entitled 
 to by his rights, he hires ground of his 
 neighbours vvi>o have lefs. But if the 
 proprietors altogether have more than 
 their number, the overplus are either kill- 
 ed or tranfported from the illand. 
 
 In the year 1 659, when Thomas Macy 
 removed with his family from Salifbury in 
 Eflex CO. to the W end of the ifland, with 
 feveral other families, there were nearly 
 3,000 Indians on the ifland, who were 
 kind to ftrangers, and benevolent to each 
 other, and lived happily until contami- 
 nated by the bad example of the whites, 
 who introduced rum ; and their number 
 feon began to decreafe. Tht whites had 
 no material quarrel or diiliculty with 
 them. The natives fold their lands, and 
 the whites Avent on purchafing ; till, in 
 Fme, they have obtained the whole, ex- 
 cept fome fmall rights, which are ftill 
 letained by tlve natives. A mortal fick- 
 pefs carried ofF %%% of them in 1764 ; 
 and they are now reduced to 4 males, 
 and 16 females. 
 
 Naiitnclitj (formerly Sherhurne) a port 
 town, capital and port of entry in the 
 ^bove ifland. l"he exports in the year 
 ending Sept. 30, 1794, amotmted to 20,514 
 dollars. It is 60 miles S E of New Bed- 
 ford, 123 S W of Bofton, and 38Z E N E 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Nantucket Shoal, a bank which ftretrhes 
 out above 15 leagues in length, and 6 in 
 breadth, to the S E from the ifland of its 
 came. 
 
 N'ifituxet Bay, N. Jerfcy, is on the caft. 
 ern fide of DelWarc Bay, oppolite Bom- 
 bay Hook. 
 
 NarroganfetBay, Rhode Ifland, makc$ up 
 from S to N,betwcen the main land on the 
 E and W. It emboioms many fruitful aud 
 beautiful iflandSjtheprincipal of which are 
 Rhode Ifland, Canonicut, Prudence, Pa- 
 tience, Hope, Dyer's, and Hoglflands. The 
 chief harbours are Newport, Wickford, 
 Warrtn, Briftol, and Greenwich, befides 
 Providence and Patuxet ; the latter is 
 near the mouth of Patuxet river, which 
 falls into Providence river. Taunton 
 river and many fmaller fit earns fall into 
 this capacious bay. It affords fme lilh, 
 oyfters and lobfters in great pler.ty. 
 
 Narragiiagus Bay. A part of the bay 
 between Goldfborough and Machias, \\\ 
 Wailiington co Maine, goes by this name. 
 From thence for the Ipacc of 60 or 70 
 miles, the navigator finds, within a great 
 number of fine ijlands, a fecure and pleaf- 
 :mt fliip-way. Many of thefe ifland^ arc 
 inhabited, and make a fine appearance, 
 A river of the fame name falLs into the 
 bay, through the town of Harrington. 
 
 Narraguagusy a town ou the above bay, 
 now Steuben ; which fee. 
 
 Nartoiiis, The. The narrow paiTage 
 from icA, between Long and Staten lli- 
 ands into the bav which fpreads before 
 N. York city, formed by the jundlion of 
 Hudfon and Eaft rivei-s. is thus, called. 
 This llrai: is 9 miles S of tlie city of N. 
 York. 
 
 Narroivs, The, a flrait, about 3 miles 
 broad, between the iflands of Nevie and 
 St Chrlfiopher's Iflands, in the Vv . Indies. 
 Narroivsy The, OX Petite Detroit, in the 
 river St Tawrence in If Canada, ic be- 
 tween Grenadier Ifland and the towailup 
 No. 10, or Efcot, now included in Yonge. 
 Najh, a CO. of Halifax dillric% N. Car- 
 olina, containing 6,975 inhabitants, of 
 whom 2,596 are fiaves. Ihere is a large 
 and valu-ible body of iron ore in this 
 CO. but only one bloomery has yet been 
 ercdtcd. The court houfe, where a poft 
 office is kept, is 2S miles from Tarbor- 
 ough, and as far from Lewifburg. 
 
 Najbaun, or Naivfha-an, oiiG 01 the Eliz- 
 abeth Ifles, the property of the Hon. 
 James Bowdoin, Efq. of Bxjfton, fituated 
 at the mouth of Buzzard's Bay, and 3 
 miles from the extremity of the peniufu- 
 la of Barnft.ible co. Confidcrable num- 
 bers of ilicep and cattle are fupported 
 upon this ifland; and it has become fa- 
 mous for its excellent wool and cb-eefe. 
 
 Here 
 
N A 
 
 N A S 
 
 Here C^nt. Bartliolnmew Gofnoid land- 
 ed in i6oz, and took up his abode for 
 feme rime. 
 
 Nafjua River^ is a confidcraMe ftrcam 
 jn Wc»rccftcr co. MaffachufcttP, and hi!5 
 rich interval lands on its hanks. It en- 
 ttTR Merrimack river at Duuftahle. Its 
 courle is N N E. 
 
 N>Jhiul!c, a pofi: town of Mero Diflridl 
 in Tenneflee, plcafantly fituated in Da- 
 vidlbn CO. on the S bank of Cumberland 
 river, \vhere it h 2,00 yards broad. It was i 
 named after Brig. Gen. Francis Naih, who j 
 fell on the 4th of O'.-l. 177 7, in tlie battle I 
 of Germantown. It is regularly laid out, \ 
 and contains 345 inhabitants, a court- i 
 hoLife, gaol, an academy liberally en- i 
 dewed, a cl.urch for Prefbyterians, and j 
 t>ne for Mcthodifts. It is the feat of the I 
 courts held fenii-annually for the diftri(fl 
 of Mero, and of the courts of pleas and ; 
 quarter feffions for Davidfon co. It is \ 
 185 miles W of Knoxville, 66 from Big 
 Salt Lick oarrifon, 190 S by W of Lex- 
 ington in Kentucky, 635 W by S of Rich- 
 mond in Virginia, and 1015 W S W of 
 Philadelphia. N lat. 35 45, W long. 87 
 8. Heavy articles are brought here from 
 N. Orleans in boats of 20 tons burden ; 
 the voyage generally requires 60 days. 
 
 N^Jkea^ Point, in Hancock co. Maine, 
 is the eaftern point of Penoblicot Bay, in 
 the town of SedgAvick. 
 
 Nafpatuchst River. See Wanafpatucket. 
 Najfas River. See 5/. Andre. 
 Nojfau Bay, or Spitito S^nto, is a large 
 bay on the coafl of W. Florida, about 70 
 miles from N to S. It has 4 iflands on a 
 line for 50 miles from S W to N E, with 
 openings between them a mile or two 
 wide. The mofl northerly is called Myr- 
 tle Ifland, between which, and the conti- | 
 nent, is the entrance of the bay. The ! 
 bay is 15 miles broad from Myrtle Ifland i 
 to a row of ifiands running parallel with j 
 the main land, and another bay between : 
 them ftretching 50 or 60 rr.lles to the S, j 
 as far as one ol the finaller mouths of the 1 
 Miffifippi. See Naffau Road. I 
 
 Najfau Bay, an extenftve bay of the 
 ocean, on the S ccaft of Terra del Fuego 
 ifland, at the S extremity of S. Ami-rica. 
 It is to the E of Falfc Cape Horn, which 
 forms the weftern limit of the bay ; Cape 
 Hern being the S point of the fouthern- 
 mofl: of the Hermit s Ifland'*, a group of , 
 iflands which lie off the coafl oppofite to ' 
 this bay. This bay i» large and open, ; 
 well flieltered from tlie tempefts of the 
 ocean. It is capal>le of holding a fleet of j 
 
 fliips ; and though there nre fmall iflands 
 near its entrance, all the dangers are vifi- 
 ble, and fliips may fail freely between 
 them, or on each fide of them. See Mif' 
 
 t.ilen Cabe, 
 
 NiJ^au Cape, on the coafl of Surrinam, 
 or N E of S. America, is to the N N W of 
 Eficquibo gulf, and the E point of the en- 
 trance into the river Pumarcn. It is in 
 about lat. 7 40 N, and long. 59 30 W. 
 I Najfiu Cape, on the N lliore 01 Terra 
 Firms, S. America. 
 
 Najfau, a fmall town in Dauphin co. 
 Penniylvania. It contains a German 
 church, and about '^$ houfes. It is aliV. 
 called Kdt??p/ionvn. 
 
 N-tJav ifand, at the mouth of Byram 
 river, in Long Itland Sound. 
 
 Najfuu Road, on the coafl of Wefl-FIori- 
 da, lies W of Mobil- Bay, 5 leagues to 
 the northward of Ship Ifland, and within 
 the north end of the Chandeleurs or Myr- 
 tle Iflands. It is one of the beil reads for 
 large veifels on the whole coafl of Florida. 
 It affords good flicker from winds that 
 blow on fliore, has no bar, and is cafy of 
 acccfs. Veifels, however, muft not go with- 
 in -^ of a mile of the infide of the ifland, 
 it being flioal near that diftance from the 
 fhore. Veifels may go round the north 
 end of it from the lea in ^k and 6 fathoms, 
 at h a mile from the fliore, and afterwards 
 mufl keep in 4^ and 5 fathoms till the 
 north point bears N N E about 2. miles, 
 where they can anchor in 4 fathoms good 
 holding ground, flieltered from eafterly 
 and foutherly winds ; this is necelTary for . 
 all veffels frequenting the coafl: of Florida, 
 as eafterly winds are very frequent. There 
 is frefli water to be got any where on the 
 Chandeleurs by digging; and there is a 
 kind of well at the north end, near an old 
 hut. There is no wood to be found here 
 but drift wood, of which there is great 
 plenty along fliore. Nalfau Road was 
 firfl difcovered by Dr. Daniel Cox, of 
 New-Jerfey, who named it fo in honour 
 of the reigning Prince, William III. He 
 alfb gave the name of Myrtle Iflands to 
 thofe afterwards called Chandeleurs, by 
 the French, from the candles made of the 
 myrtle wax, with which thefc iflands 
 abound. 
 
 Najfau River, on tlie coafl of Eafl- Flori- 
 da, has a bar generally about 8 feet water, 
 but is fubjc(51: to fliifting. The tides are 
 about 7 feet at low fpring tides, Au ES 
 Emoon makes high water here, as alfo in 
 mofl places along the coafl. 
 
 Nafau, the chief town of Providence 
 Ifland, 
 
NAT 
 
 N A V 
 
 iriafid, one of the Bahamas, and the feat 
 of government. N lat. 25 3. It is the 
 only port of entry except at Turk's Ifland. 
 See Bahamas. 
 
 Najlla, a town of Mexico. Sec Anvdos. 
 
 Nuta, a town and bay in the province 
 of I'crra Firma, S. America. The bay of 
 Nata lies on the S coaft of the Ifthmus of 
 Daricn, and on the North Pacific Ocean. 
 From hence and the adjacent parts, pro- 
 vifious are fent for the fupply of the in- 
 habitants of Panama, which city is 67 
 miles N E of Nata. The bay is fpacious 
 and deep, but is not ufed by fliips, but 
 in cafes of neceflity, as they are liable to 
 be embayed by the winds that blow fre- 
 quently at E upon the fliorc. The bay 
 extends to the illand Iguenas. N lat. 8 
 1 2, W long. 2.1 12. 
 
 Nata Point. OX Cbama, OF ChuLmu Cape, 
 is at the W point of the gulf of Paiaama, 
 from whence the coalt trends W to Ha- 
 guera Point 7 leagues. All fliips bound 
 to the N W and to Acapulco make this 
 point. It is alfo called the S poiut of the 
 bay, which lies within on the W fide of 
 this great Gulf of Panama. 
 
 Niitacbquoin liivtr, a large river of the 
 coaft of Labrador, in N. America, to the 
 wefUvard of Nafquirou rivtr, under 
 Mount Joli, where it forms a foutherly 
 cape in lat. 50 25 N, and long. 60 45 W. 
 The little Natachquoin is to the W S W 
 of this. 
 
 Natal, a cape and town, on the S fliore 
 f)f the Rio Grande, on the N E coafl: of 
 Brazil in S. America, is to the S W of the 
 four-fquare flioal, at the mouth of the en- 
 trance of that river, which contains feme 
 dangerous rocks. On this point is the 
 CalUe of the Three Kings, or Fortaleza 
 des Tres Magos. The town of N-ital is 
 3 leagues from the c^ftle, before which is 
 good anchorage for fhips, in from 4 to 5 
 fathoms, and well fecured from winds. 
 
 Natc/jez, the principal town of the Mif- 
 fifippi territory, on the E fide of the Mifli- 
 lippi, 300 miles N of N. Orleans by water, 
 150 by the lake road. It has a Roman 
 Cath. church, and is defended by a fort. 
 
 Natchez, a powerful nation of Indians 
 who formerly inhabited the country on 
 the E fide of the Miffifippi. Fort Rofalie 
 is fituated in the country which they pof- 
 fclled, in lat. 31 40. Nothing now re- 
 mains of this nation but the name, by 
 which the country continues to be called. 
 The Creeks or Mufkogulges rofe upon 
 the ruins of this nation. The French 
 completed their deftruclion 1730. The 
 
 Natchez or Sun Set Indians, area part of 
 the Creek conlcderacy which they joined 
 after they left LouUlana. 
 
 Noichhoches. A tracSt of country in 
 LouifianajOn the river Rouge, or Red riv- 
 er, bears this name. The French had a 
 very conliderable poft on this river called 
 Natchitoches. It was a frontier on the 
 Spanifli fcttlements, being 20 milts from 
 the fort of Adayes, and 70 leagues from 
 the confluence of the Rouge with the 
 Miihfippi. See Louif.ana. 
 
 Natkk, an ancient townfliip in Middle- 
 fcx CO. MafTachufetts, fituated upon 
 Charles river, 18 miles S W of Bofton, 
 and 10 N W of Dedham. Its name in 
 the Indian language fignifies, " The place 
 of hills." The famous Mr. Eliot form- 
 ed a religious fociety here; and in 1670, 
 there were 50 Indian communicants. At 
 his motion, the General Court granted 
 the la; d in this town, containing about 
 6coo acres, to the Indians. It was inr- 
 corporatcd into an Englifli diflritSl in 
 1761, and into a townihip in 1781 ; and 
 now contains 694 inhabitants. 
 
 Natttnat, an Indian village on Nootka 
 Sound, on the N\V coaft of N.America. It 
 has a remarkable cataradl, or water-fali, 
 a few miles to the northward of it. N 
 lat. 48 40, W long, from Greenwich, 124 6. 
 
 Natural Uridge. See Rochhridge Counts, 
 
 Naudoivifies^ an Indian nation inhabit- 
 ing lands between Lakes Michigan and 
 Superior. Warriors, 500. 
 
 Nainnitutk Jsiver, a northeaftern branch 
 of Houfatonic river in Connecticut. A 
 great number of mills and iron works 
 are upon this ftream and its branches. 
 
 Navarre, A province of New Mexico, on 
 the N E fide of the Gulf of California, 
 which fep? rates it from the peninfula of 
 California, on the S W. 
 
 Na-vafw, a fmall illand in the Wind- 
 ward Pairage,or flrait betAveen Cuba and 
 Hifpaniola in the W. Indies. Thither 
 the inhabitants of Jamaica come in boats 
 to kill guaras, an amphibious creature 
 that breeds plentifully at the roots of old 
 trees. They are in the iliape of a lizard, 
 with fcales, and feme are 3 feet in length. 
 Their flefli li firm and white, and faid 
 by feamen to make good bioth. 
 
 Navaza, a fmall barren illand in the 
 W. Indies, not very high, is fit ep all round, 
 and lies in lat. 18 20 N. It is ai leagues 
 W S W ^ W of the E end of Jamaica, and 
 ti leagues fromTiburon, in the illand oi 
 St. Domingo. 
 
 Na'vejih.k H.'rUvr, on the fra-coaft <.f 
 
N A Z 
 
 NED 
 
 Mofimoiiih CO. N. Jerfey, lies in lat. 4*^ 
 24 N having Jumping Point on the N, 
 and is 2^ miles S of the N end of Sandy 
 Rook Ifland ; and its mouth is 5 miles 
 from the town of Shrcwfhury. The fmall 
 river of its name falls into it from the W, 
 and riies in the fAme co. Navelink Hill;; 
 extend N W from the harbour on the At- 
 lantic Ocean, to Rariton Bay ; and are 
 the iirfl land difcovered by mariners 
 when they arrive on the coaft. They 
 are 600 feet ahovc the level of the fca, 
 and mdy he fech zo leagues ofE 
 
 NWu^aif^ a town of Mechoacan, a prov- 
 ince of Mexico, with a harbour on the 
 N. Pacific Ocean, is 156 miles W of Mex- 
 ico city. N lat. 18 5t, W long, in to. 
 Navires, or Cas d: Kavircs Bay, in the 
 ifland of Martinico, in the W. Indies. 
 
 Nai}y^ a totvnfliip in Orleans co. in Ver- 
 mont. 
 
 iVfli/y 7/fl//, in U. Canada, fl:ands on 
 tlie S lide of L. Ontario, at the head and 
 W fide of Niagara river, which lad fep?.- 
 rates it from Fort Niagara, on the E fide, ; 
 in the State of N. York. It is lO miles 
 N by Wof Fort Erie, and 23 S E by S of 
 York. 
 
 Navy Iftand lics in the middle of Nia- 
 gara river, whofe waters feparate it from 
 Fort Sluflier, on the E bank of the river, 
 and the fame waters divide it from Grand 
 Ifland, on the S and S E. It is about one 
 mile long, and one broad, and is about 13 
 miles N by E of Navy r iall. 
 
 Nazareth^ a beautiful port town in 
 Northampton co. Pennfylvania, inhabited 
 by Moravians or United Brethren. It is 
 fituatcd 10 miles N of Bethlehem, and 
 63 N by W of Philadelphia. It is a tracft 
 of good land, containing about 5,0C0 
 acres, purchafcd by the Rev. G. Whitfield, 
 in 1740, and foil % years after to the 
 brethren. The town of Nazareth ftands 
 about the centre of the manor, on a {'mall 
 creek which lofes itfelf in the earth, about 
 a mile and a half E of the town. It was 
 regularly laid out in 1772, and confifts of 
 » principal ftreets which crofs each other 
 at right angles, and form a fqu^re in 
 the middle, of 340 by 200 feet. The 
 JArgeft building is a ftonc houfe, ertCfed 
 in £755, named Nazareth Hall, 98 feet 
 by 46 in length, and 54 in height. The 
 lower floor is formed into a fpacious hai! 
 for public vvorfliip, the upper part of the 
 houfe is fitted up for a boarding fchool, 
 where youth, from different parts, are 
 under the infpedlion of the minider of 
 the place and fcveral tutors, and art 
 
 inftrudted in the Englifli, German, Frencli,- 
 and Latin languages; in hiflory, geogra- 
 phy, book-keeping, mathematics, mufic, 
 drawing, and other faiences. The front 
 of the lioufe faces a large fquare open to 
 the S, adjoining a fine piece o? meadow 
 ground, and commands a mofl delightful 
 profpedl:. Another elegant building on 
 the E of Nazareth Hall is inhabited by 
 the fingle fiflers. who have the fame reg- 
 ulations and way of living as thofe at Beth- 
 lehem. Befides their principal manufac- 
 tory for rpinning and twifting cotton, they 
 have lately begun to draw wax tapers. 
 At the fouth-wefl corner of the aforefaid 
 fquare, in the middle of the town, is th« 
 fingle brethren's houfe, and on the E S E 
 corner a ftorc. On the foutheJ-nmoft 
 end of the ftrcet is a good tavern. The 
 dwelHi\g houfes are, a fewexe^^pted, built 
 of lime-floni, i or 2 ftories high, inhabit- 
 ed by tradefmen and mechanics, moftly 
 of German extracSlion. The inhabitants 
 arefupplied with water conveyed to them 
 by pipes from a fine fpring near the town. 
 The fituation of the town, and the falu- 
 brious air of the adjacent country, render 
 this a very agreeable place. The num- 
 ber of inhabitants in the tovv-n and the 
 farms belonging to it, (Shoeneck includ- 
 ed) conftituting one congregation, and 
 meeting <'or divine fervice on Lord's days 
 and holidays, at Nazareth Hall, was, in 
 the year 1788, about 450. 
 
 Necejfity, Fort, in Virginia, is fituated 
 in the Great Meadow, within 4 miles of 
 the W bounds of Maryland, and on the 
 N fide of the head water of Red Stone 
 Creek, which empties from the E inta 
 the Monongahela, in N lat. 39 43, about 
 26 miles from the fpot where this fort 
 was ereiSled. It is 238 miles W by N of 
 Alexandria, and 258 N W of Frederiekf- 
 burg. This fpot will be forever famous 
 in the hiflory of America, as one of the 
 firftfcenes of Gen. Wafhingion's abilities 
 as a commander. In 1753, it was only a 
 fmall unfinillied intrenchment, when Mr, 
 Wafliingtouj then a colonel, iti the 2 2d 
 voar of his age, was fcnt with. 300 men 
 U)wards the Ohio. An engagement with 
 the enemy enfued, and the French were 
 defeated. M. de Villier, the Fench com- 
 mander, fent down 900 men befides In- 
 dians, to attack the Virginians. Their 
 brave leader, however, made fuch an able 
 defence with his handful of men, in this 
 unfiniflied fort as toconftrain the French 
 • jflicer to grant him honourable terms 
 of capitulation, 
 
 N^ddick, 
 
N E G 
 
 N E i? 
 
 NeddlcP^ Cdfiey or Neddock^ lies between 
 York river and Well's Bay, on the coaft 
 of York CO. DiftriA of Maine. 
 
 Nedd'ick River, Cape, in the above co. is 
 navigable about a mile from the Tea, and 
 at full tide only for velTeh of any confid- 
 crable burden, it having a bar of fand at 
 its mouth, and, at an hour before and af- 
 ter low water, this rivulet is generally fo 
 Shallow, as to be fordable within a few 
 rods of the fca. 
 
 Neckar's IJles, a group of 9 rocky iflcs 
 on the W coaft of N. America ; lat. 4a 58 
 56 N, long. 127 5 20 W. 
 
 Needhatns Pointy on the S W angle of 
 ' 'the ifland of Barbadoes in the W. Indies, 
 is to the S eafterly from Bridgetown, hav- 
 ing a fort upon it called Charles Fort. 
 
 Needham, a townfliip in Norfolk co. 
 Maffachufctts, 11 miles from Bofton. It 
 is about 9 miles in length and 5 in breadth, 
 and is almoft encompafled by Charles 
 river. The lower fail of the river, at 
 the bridge between Newton and Needham 
 is about 10 feet in ics direcfl defcent. 
 Here the river divides Middlefex from 
 Norfolk CO. It was incorporated in 1711, 
 and contains 107 a inhabitants. A flitting 
 and rolling mill have been erecSled here. 
 
 Neeheeheou^ one of the Sandwich Iflands, 
 about 5 leagues to the weftward of Atooi, 
 and has about 10,000 inhabitants. Its 
 place of anchorage is in lat. ai 50 N, and 
 long. 1 60 15 W. Sometimes it is called 
 I^ebeeoiVy or OHiehionu. 
 
 Negada^ or Ancgada, one of the Carrib- 
 bec Iflands in the Weft Indies. It is low 
 and defart, encompafled with flioals and 
 fand banks. It is called Ncgada, from its 
 being moftly overflown by high tides. It 
 i.s 50 miles northweft of Anguilla, and 
 abounds with crabs. N lat. i8 6, W long. 
 
 Negril Harbour, Notth, at the W end of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, has North Negril 
 Point on the N, which is the moft wefter- 
 ?y point of the ifland of Jamaica. N lat. 
 18 45, W long. 78. 
 
 Ntvro Cape and Harbour, at the S W ex- 
 tremity of Nova Scotia. 
 
 Negro Point, on the E coaft of Brazil, 
 is 3 leagues at S S E from the Rio Gran- 
 de, and 14 from Cape St. Rocque. 
 
 Negro River is the wcftcrn boundary 
 of Guiana in S. America. 
 
 Negro Forty in Amazonia, ftands on the , 
 i^ fide of Amazon river in S. America, 
 juft below the jumSlion of its great branch- 
 es the Purus and Negro, in the 4th degree 
 «lf N lat. and about the 60th of W Ion. 
 
 Vou L Xx 
 
 NAlfvllk, in Tazewell co. Virginia; 
 Here is a poft office, 34a miles fronl 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Nelj'on, a county of Kentuck^^ contain- 
 ing 9,087 inhabitants, of whom 1,234 are 
 Haves. Chief town, Bairdllown. 
 \ NidfoTis Ferry, Charlefton CO. S. Caroli- 
 na. Here is a poft office 539 miles from 
 Waihington, 
 
 Nelfons Fort, a fettlement on the weft 
 fhore of Hudfon's Bay, fxtuatcd at the 
 mouth of a river of the fame name, 2<jo 
 miles S E of Churchill Fort, and 600 N W 
 of Rupert's Fort, in the poffeffion of the 
 Hudfon's Bay Company. It is in lat. 57 
 12 N, and long. 92 4* W. The flioals fo 
 called are faid to be in lat. 57 2,5 N, and 
 long. (-)% 12 W, and to have high water 
 at full and change days at 20 minutes 
 paft 8 o'clock. 
 
 Nelfons River U the N W branch of 
 Hayes Pviver, on the W fliore of Hudfon'i 
 Bay, which is feparated into two chan- 
 nels by Hayes Ifland, at the mouth of 
 which Nelfon's Fort is fituated. 
 
 Nenaiveivhck Indians inhabit near Sev- 
 ern River, S of Severn Lake. 
 
 Nen River, in the JE riding of the co. of 
 York, in U. Canada, rifes feveral miles in 
 the rear of York, and running foutherly 
 through the townfliip of Markham, parts 
 of Scarborough and Pickering, empties it- 
 felf into L.Ontario, E of the high lauds ia 
 Scarborough. This river abounds with 
 fifh ; at its embouchure are good in- 
 tervals for meadow ground, and it is 
 the back communication from German 
 fettlement in Markham, to Lake Onta- 
 rio. Smyth, 
 
 Neominas River, on the coaft of Peru, 
 is 12 or 14 leagues to the N W of Bona- 
 ventura River. It is a large river, and 
 empties into the ocean by 2 mouths. The 
 flrore is low, but there is no landing up- 
 on it, as it is inhabited only by favages, 
 whom it would not be very fafe to truft, 
 as their peaceable or hoftile dlfpofition 
 towards Europeans cannot be eafily 
 known. The coaft, though in the vicin- 
 ity of the moft flourifliing Spanifli colo- 
 nies, remains unfrequented and wild. 
 Palmas Ifland is oppoftte to this river, 
 being low land, and having feveral flioals 
 about it ; and from hence to Cape Co- 
 rientes is 20 leagues to the N W. The 
 river and ifland are in lat. about 4 2i^ 
 north. 
 
 Ntpean Teivnjhip, in the eaftern diftrici 
 
 in U. Canada, is the 8th townfliip in af- 
 
 cendino the Ottawa river, and the firft 
 
 townfliip 
 
NET 
 
 N E V 
 
 tcwnfliip on the W fide of the river Ra- 
 deau. Smytb. 
 
 Ncpean IJlard^ a fmall ifland of the S. 
 Pacific 0,^tan, oppofite to Port Huatcr 
 on the S coafl: of Norfolk Ifland. 
 
 Nepcan Sound, an extenfive water on 
 the N W coafl of N. America, havhig a 
 number of iflands in it. In fonie charts 
 called Princefs Royal Iflands. It opens 
 eaftward from Cape St. James, the fouth- 
 ernmoft point of Wafliington's or Queen 
 Charlotte's Iflands. Fitzhugh's Sound 
 lies between it and Queen Charlotte's 
 Sound to the fouthward. 
 
 Ndpifinguis^ a lake of U. Canada, 15 
 miles broad, I3 leagues long, furrounded 
 with rock?. Its fliore Is Inhabited by the 
 remain» of a Chriftian tribe, called Nepif- 
 inguls, of the Algonquin nation. This 
 lake empties itfelf by the Riviere des 
 Francois. 
 
 Neponfet, a rlver of Maflachufttts, orig- 
 inates chiefly from Muddy and Punkapog 
 Ponds In Stoughton, and Mafhapog Pond 
 in Sharon, and after pafling over falls fuf- 
 iicient to carry mills, unites with other 
 fmall flreams, and forms a very confl:ant 
 f jpply of water for the many mil is fltua- 
 ted on tlie river below, until It meets the 
 tide in Milton, from whence it is navlga- 
 Me for veflels of 150 tons burden to Bof- 
 ton Bay, diflant about 4 miles. There 
 are 6 paper-mills, befides many others of 
 different kinds, on this fmall river. 
 
 Ncruia, a port in the ifland of Cape 
 Breton, where the French had a fettle- 
 ment. 
 
 Nef/it's Harbour, on the COaft of New 
 Britain, in N. America, where the Mora- 
 vims formed a fettlement In 175a; of 
 the firft party feme were killed, and oth- 
 ers were driven away. In 1764, they 
 made another attempt under the protec- 
 tion of the Britifli government, and were 
 ■well received by the Erquim.iux, and 
 by the lafl: account tlie miflTion fuccceded. 
 
 NcfcoPc-.i River falls Into the NE branch 
 of Sufqucliannah river^ near the mouth 
 of the creek of that name, in Northum- 
 berland CO. Pennfylvania,and oppofire to 
 the town of Berwick, 160 miles N W of 
 Plii'adtlphla, and in lat. 413. An Indian 
 town, called Nefcopeck, formerly ftood 
 near the fcite of Berwick. 
 
 N.thcrlanJs^ Nciv^h the tracl now In- 
 cluded in the States of N. York, N. Jcrfey, 
 end part of Delaware and Pcnnfylva- 
 r/ia, and was thus named by the Dutch, 
 It paflTed llrft by conquefl:, and afterwards 
 ^y treaty into the hands of the Englifli, 
 
 Na Ultra, or Sir Thomas Rot's Welcome^ 
 a narrow flralt between lat. 62 and 63, 
 In New North Wales, In the arctic reoions 
 of America. ° 
 
 Neufe, a river of N. Carolina, rifes. 
 above Hillfborough, and, after a winding 
 courfe of more than 500 miles, falls Into 
 Pamlico Sound, 70 miles below Ncwbern, 
 at which place It I3 a mile ar d a half 
 wide, expanding at Its mouth, where It Is 
 9 miles wide. It Is navigable for fea vef- 
 fels 12 miles above Newbern, for fcows 
 50, for boats aoo. 
 
 Ncujita Sennora, Baia de, or Our Ladys 
 Bay, on the coafl: of Chili, on the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, In S. America, is 30 leagues from 
 Copiapa, and 20 S S W of Cape George. 
 It Is indiflferent riding In this bay, as the 
 N W winds blow right In, and the gufts, 
 from the mountains are very dangerous, 
 Ncuerftuk Creek, a ftrcam in the Harden- 
 bergh Patent, in Ultler co. N. York. On 
 an Ifland, in this creek Mr. Baker having 
 cut down a hollow beech tree, in March 
 1790, found near two barrels full of chim- 
 ney fwallows in the cavity of the tree. 
 I'hey were In a torpid ftatc, but fome of 
 them being placed near a fire, were pref- 
 ently reanimated by the v/armth,and took 
 wing with their ufual agility. 
 
 Ncvil Bay, on the W iliore of Hudfon's 
 Bay, is nearly due W, a little northerly 
 from Cape Digges and Manfel Ifland a't 
 the entrance into the bay. N lat. 62 2^^ 
 W long. 95. 
 
 Nevisy an ifland lefs than a league 
 foutheafterly of the peninf^la of St Chnf- 
 toplicr'sjoneof theCaribbees. This bcau- 
 timl little fpot is nothij:^ more than a 
 flngle mouiuain riflng like a cone In an 
 eafy afcent from the lea ; the circumfe- 
 reuce of its baf-: not exceeding 8 Britilli 
 leagues. This ifland was doutuicls pro- 
 duced by fome volcanic eruption, for 
 ; there is a hollow crater ivz3.r the fummit 
 i ftill vilible ; which contains a hot fpring, 
 ftrongly inipregnated with fulphur, and 
 fulphur is frequently found in fubPrrince, 
 in the neighbouring guilies and cavities 
 of the earth. The illand is well watered, 
 and the land in general fertile, four 
 tiioufaud acres of canes are annually cut, 
 which produce an equal nunil-er of hogf- 
 heads ol fugar. The ifland, fmall as it Is, 
 is divided Into 5 pariflies. U has one town, 
 j Charlejlotvn^ which is a port of cutrv, and 
 i the feat of government ; where is alfo a 
 I fort called Charles Fort. There are two 
 j other fliipping places, viz. Indian Caftle 
 I and New Cafl:lc. Nevis contains 6o« 
 
 t^hites^ 
 
N E W 
 
 NEW 
 
 TvTiites, and io,oco blacks. It was firft 
 fettled by the Englifli in 1628, under the 
 protedion of Sir Thomas Warner. It is 
 laid, that, about the year 1640 the ifland 
 contained 4,000 whites, and fome wri- 
 ters fay th !t before the year 1688 it had 
 ,^0,000 inhabitants. The invaOon of the 
 French about that time, and fome epi- 
 demic diforders ftrangely diminiflaed the 
 number. Charleflown, the capital, lies 
 in lat. 17 15 N, and long. 6a 35 W. 
 There are feveral rocks and flioals on 
 the coaft, particularly on the S W fide, 
 but fliips ride between them in tolerable 
 fafcty, the hurricane fcafons excepted, 
 "when they are obliged to put off to fta, 
 and run into Antigua, if poffible. 
 
 N.'7v Albion^ 'A name given to a country 
 of indefinite limits, on the weftern coaft 
 of N. America, lying N of California. 
 
 Nc-zv, a river of N. Carolina, which 
 empties, after a fliort courfe, into the 
 ocean, through New River Inlet. Its 
 mouth is wnde and flioal. It abounds 
 with mullet during the winter feafon. 
 
 Nsiv Andalfjja^ a province of Terra 
 Firma, S. America, lying on the coafl of 
 the North Sea, oppofite to the Leeward 
 Iflands ; bounded by the river Oroonoko 
 on the W. This country is called Paria 
 by feme writers. Its chief town is St. 
 T! ymas. Some gold mines were dif- 
 covered here in 1785. 
 
 Neiv Andover, York co. Maine. See 
 Mt^Jl Andcvcr, 
 
 Neiv Aiiticariay a town of New Spain, 
 34 leagues northward of Acapulco. 
 
 Neiv Antigtiera, an Epifcopal city of 
 New Spain, in the province of Guaxaca, 
 eredled into a bifiioprick by Paul III, 
 1547. It has a noble cathedial, fupport- 
 ed by marble pillars. 
 
 Ni'ivarA-, a townfl^.ip in Efiex ca in Ver- 
 mont, the 4th town in the range N W of I 
 Guildhall, and has 8 inhabitants. j 
 
 Neivark Bay, in N. Jerfev, is formed by j 
 the confluence of Paifaick and Hackin- I 
 fack rivers from the N, and is feparated 
 from that p?.rt of North river oppofite to 
 N. York city, by Bergen Neck on the E, 
 which neck, alio, ^vith Staten Ifland on 
 the S of it, form a liarrow channel from 
 the bay to North River eaftward. New- 
 ark Bay alfo communicates with Rari- 
 ton Bay, at the mouth of Rariton Riv- 
 er, by a channel in a S by W dire6:ion 
 along tlic weftern fide of Staten Ifland. 
 The water paffage from N.York to Eliz- 
 abeth Town Poiat. 15 miles, is through 
 this bav. 
 
 Neivarhy a poft town of N. Jcrfey an^ 
 capital of Effex eo. is pleafantly fituated 
 at a fmall diftance W of PalTaick River, 
 near its mouth in Newark Bay, and nine 
 miles W of New York city. It is a hand- 
 fome and flourifh tovvn, celebrated for 
 the excellence of its cider, and is the feat 
 of the largeft flioe manufadlure in the 
 State: the average number made daily 
 throughout the year, is'eftimattd at about 
 200 pairs. The town is of much the 
 fame flze as Elizabeth Town, and is 6 
 miles N of it. There is a Prcfbyteriau 
 church of ftone, the largeft and moft ele- 
 gant building of the kind in the State. 
 Belides thefe is an Epifcopal church, a 
 court-houfe and gaol. The academy, 
 which was eftabliflied here in June, 179a, 
 promifes to be a ufeful inftitution. In 
 Newark and in Orange which joins it on 
 the N W, there are 9 tanneries, and val- 
 uable quarries of ftone for building. The 
 quarries in Newark would rent, it is faid, 
 for ;ri,ooo a year, and the number of 
 workmen limited. This town was orig- 
 inally fettled by emigrants from Branford, 
 Connecticut, as long ago as 166a. 
 
 Neivark, a village in Newcaftle co. 
 Delaware, between Chriftiana and White 
 Clay Creeks, 9 miles W of Newcaftle, and 
 10 S W of Wilmington. 
 
 Neivarl, a town lately laid out by the 
 Britifli in U. Canada, on the river w hich 
 connects Lakes Erie'and Ontario, diredtly 
 oppofite Niagara town and fort. It is a 
 hand fome town of about a mile fquare, 
 with its ftreets at right angles, containing 
 about J50 houfes. The firft provincial 
 parliament met at this place, and the pub- 
 lic offices of government have been held 
 pro tempore here. Navy hall, which is fitu- 
 ated on the Wbank of the river, a little a- 
 boYC the town. was the rcfidence of the go- 
 vernor, during his ftay at this place. Tiie 
 council houfe is about half way between 
 tl;e town and Navy-hall. The public ofii'. 
 ces are removed to York. Smyth. 
 
 Neivark Toivujbip, which embraces the 
 above town, is in the county of Lincoln, 
 U. Canada, and lies on the weft fide of 
 Niagara River, immediately oppofite to 
 the fort. ' Smyth. 
 
 Neiv Afiford, a tov/nfliip of Berkfliire 
 CO. Mafiachufetts, S of Williamftown, has 
 390 inhabitants. 
 
 Neiv Athens, or Tioga Faint, ftands on 
 the poft road from Cooperftown to Wil- 
 liamfburg, in Luzerne co. Pennfylvania, 
 on the point cf land formed by the con- 
 fluence of Tioga river with thcJE branch 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 of Sufquehannah river, in lat. 41 54, and 
 long 76 32 W, and about 3 miles S of the 
 N. York line ; ao miles S E by E of New- 
 town in N. York, 14 S W of Owego, and 
 116 S W of Cooperftown. 
 
 Netu Barbadoesy a townfhip in Bergen 
 CO. N. Jerfey. 
 
 Netu Bedford, a poft town and port of 
 entry in Briftol co. Mafiachufetts, fituated 
 on a'fmall bay whicii ftts up N from Buz- 
 zard's Bay, 58 miles S of Bofton. The 
 townfliip was incorporated in 1787, and 
 is 13 miles in length and 4 in breadth; 
 bounded E by Rochefter, W by Dart- 
 mouth, of which it was originally a part, 
 and S by Buzzard's Bay. Acchufnutt was 
 the Indian name of N. Bedford ; and the 
 fmall river of that name runs from N to 
 S through the townflaip, and divides the 
 villages of Oxford and Fairhaven from 
 Bedford village. A company was incor- 
 porated in 1796, for building a bridge 
 acrofs this river. From the head to the 
 mouth of the river is 7 cr 8 miles. Fairha- 
 ven and Bedford villages are a mile apart, 
 and a ferry, conftantiy attend«d, is eftab- 
 liflied between them. The harbour is 
 very fafc, in fome places 17 or 18 feet of 
 water ; and vefltls of 3 or 400 tons lie at 
 the wharves. Its mouth is formed by 
 Clark's Neck on the W fide, and Sconti- 
 cutt Point on the other. An ifland be- 
 tween thefe points renders the entrance 
 narrov.'-, in 5 fathoms water. High wa- 
 ter at full and change of the moon, 37 
 minutes pad: 7 o'clock. Dartmouth is 
 the fafefl place to lie at with an eaftcrly 
 wind; but at New Bedford you will lie 
 fafe at the wharves. The river has plenty 
 of fmall iifli, and a lliort way from its 
 mouth they catch cod, bafs, black-fifli, 
 flieeps-head, &c. The damage done by 
 the Britifh to this town in 1778 amount- 
 ed to the va'ue of ;i^97,oco. It is now in 
 a flourilliing (late. In the townfliip are 
 a pofl; ofnce, a printing office, 3 meetings 
 for Friends, and 3 for Congrcgationalifls. 
 The exports to the diflereiit States and £0 
 the W. Indies for one year, ending Sept. 
 30, 1794? amounted to 02,085 ^^^'^' ^^ '^^ 
 357 miles N E by E of Philadelphia, 58 
 S of Eoflon, containing 4,361 inhabitanis. 
 Neivhern, one of the eaftern maritime 
 diftricts of N. Carolina, bounded E and 
 S E by the Atlantic, S W by Wilmington, 
 W by Favette, N W by HiUfoorou^h, N 
 by Halifax, and N E by Edcnton difhria. 
 It comprehends the counties of Carteret, 
 Tone?, Craven, Beaufort, Hyde, Pitt, 
 Wayne, Gl?rgow, Lenoir, and Johnflcn ; 
 
 and contains 60433 inhabitantSjinduding 
 20,134 flaves. 
 
 Ncwbern, the capital of the above dif- 
 tri(Sl, is a poft town and port of entry, in 
 Craven co. on a flat, fandy point of land, 
 formed by the confluence of the rivers 
 Neus on the N. and Trent on the S, Op- 
 pofite to the town, the Neus is about a 
 mile and a half, and the Trent |:ths of a 
 mile wide. Newbern is the iargcft town 
 in the State, contains about 400 houfes, 
 all built of wood except the palace, the 
 church, the gaol, and two dwelling houfes 
 which are of brick. The inhabitants arc 
 2,467 in number, of whom 1,298 are flaves. 
 The palace was eredled by the province 
 before the revolution, and was formerly 
 the refidence of the governors. It is large 
 and elegant, two (lories high, with two. 
 wings for offices, a little advanced in front 
 towards the town; thefe wings are con- 
 nedled with the principal building by a 
 circular arcade. It is much out of repair ; 
 and the only ufe to which this once hand- 
 fome and v/ell furniflied building is now. 
 applied, is for fchools. One of the halls 
 is ufed for a fchool, and another for a 
 dancing room. The arms of the king of 
 Great Britain ftill appear in a pediment 
 in front of the building. The Epifcopa- 
 lian church is a fmall brick building, with 
 a bell. It is the only houfe for public 
 worlliip in the place. The court-houfc 
 is raifed on brick arches, fo as to render 
 the lower part a convenient market place ; 
 but the principal marketing is done with 
 the people in their canoes and boats at 
 the river fide. In Sept. 1791, near f of 
 this town was confumed by fire. It car- 
 ries on a confiderable trade to the Weft 
 Indies and the difTerent States in tar, 
 pitch, turpentine, lumber, corn, &c. The 
 exports in 1794 amounted to 69,615 dol- 
 lars. It is 149 miles from Raleigh, 99 S. 
 W of Edenton, 103 N E by N of_ Wil- 
 mington, 238 S of Peterfburgh in Virgin- 
 ia, and 501 S W of Philadelphia. N lat. 
 T,S 20, W long. 77 25. 
 
 Netv-Eifc'jv, a province in the audi- 
 ence of Galicia, in Old Mexico or New- 
 Spain. It is faid to be 100 leagues from 
 E to W and 120 from N to S. It is a 
 well watered and fertile country. Many 
 of the inhaiMtants are rich, not only in 
 corn, cattle, &c. but alfo in filver mines, 
 and fome of lead. 
 
 Neiu-Bofnn^ a townfliip in Hillfborough 
 CO, N. Hampfliire, about 70 miles weft of 
 PoVti'mouth. It was incorporated in 
 1763, and contains i,20i inhabitants, 
 
 New-Braintrtf. 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 Nciv-JBraintree, Sec Braintree Neiv. 
 
 Neiv-Britain. See AmericOy Labrador^ 
 and Britain Neiv. 
 
 Neiv-Britaitty a townfliJp in Buck's co. 
 Pennfylvania, has ti8o inhabitants. 
 
 Nexv- Brunfivick^ in the State of N. Y. 
 is fituatcd on Paltz Kill, about 8 miles 
 S VJ^oi NfcAv-Paltz, and 69 north-wefterly 
 of New York city, 
 
 Neiv-Brunfiiiicl, in Middlefcx CO. N. 
 Jerfey. See Brwfiviek. 
 
 Nciv-Brunjivicky a Britifli provin«e in 
 N. America. See Btunfivick New* 
 
 Neivburghy a poft town in Orange co. 
 N. York, bounded E by Hudfon's R. and 
 S by New Windfor, and contains 3,258 
 inhabitants. The compacSt part of the 
 town is neatly built, and plealantly fitu- 
 atcd on the W bank of the Hudfon, 66 
 miles N of New York, oppofite Fifli-Kill 
 Landing. 7 miles from Fifh-Kill, 13 from 
 Goflicn, and 14 fouthfrom Poughkeeplie. 
 It confifts of between 50 and 60 houfes 
 and a Prtfbyterian church, fituated on a 
 gentle afcent from the river. The coun- 
 try northward is well cultivated, and af- 
 fords a rich profpedt. Veflels of confid- 
 crable burden may load and unload at 
 the wharves, and a number of vefTels are 
 built annually at this bufy and thriving 
 place. 
 
 Neiuhury^ a diflri(£b of South Carolina. 
 Newbury court-houfc is 45 miles from 
 Columbia, and 32 from L.aurens court- 
 houfe. Here is a pofl: office. 
 
 Neivburyy z towpiliip in York co. Penn- 
 fylvania, has 2014 inhabitants. There is 
 another town of this name in Lycoming 
 CO. 40 miles froni Northumberland. 
 
 Neivliury, the capital and a poil: town, 
 of Orange co. Vermont, pleafantly fitua- 
 tcd on the W fide of Connedticut River, 
 oppofite to Haverhill, in N. Hampfliire, 
 and from which it is 5 miles diflant. It 
 contains a gaol, a court houfe,and a hand- 
 fome church for Congregationalifts with a 
 fteeple which was the firfl: eredled in Ver- 
 mont. Here a remarkable fpring was dif- 
 covered, about 20 years fince, which dries 
 up once in 2 or 3 years. It has a flrong 
 fmell of fulphur, and throws up continu- 
 ally a peculiar kind of white fand : and a 
 thick yellow fcum rifcs upon the water 
 when fettled. This is the more noticea- 
 ble as the water of the ponds and rivers in 
 Vermont is remarkably clear and tranf- 
 parent. It is 130 miles N E of Benning- 
 ton, and 417 N Eby N of Philadelphia. 
 N lat. 44 5, The number of inhabitants 
 
 NeivluryyZ townfliip in Eflcx co. Mafl\ 
 incorporated in 1635 ; fituated on the S 
 bank of Merrimack R. and contains 4,076 
 inhabitants. It formerly included New- 
 bury Port, and with Merrimack R. encir- 
 cles it. It is divided into five parifhcs, 
 befides a fociety of Quakers. The inhab- 
 itants are principally employed in huf- 
 bandry. The land, particularly in that 
 part of the town which lies on Merri- 
 mack R. and is here called Neiohury- 
 Neivto'wny is of a fuperior quality, under 
 the beft cultivation, and is fnid by trav- 
 ellers to be httle inferior to the mofi: im- 
 proved parts of Great-Britain. Some of 
 the high lands afford a very extenfive and 
 variegated view of the furrounding coun- 
 try, the rivers, the bay, and the fea-coafl: 
 from Cape Ann to York, in the DiflricSl 
 of Maine. Some few veflels are here own- 
 ed and employed in the fifliery, part of 
 which are fitted out from Parker's River. 
 It rifes in Boxford, and paiTes into the 
 found which feparates Plum Ifland from, 
 the main land. It is navigable about 6 
 miles on a right line, or 12 as the river 
 runs, from its mouth. This townfliip is 
 connedled with Salifbury by Efi"ex Mer- 
 rimack bridge, about two miles above 
 Newbury Port, built in 1792. At the 
 place where the bridge is eredlcd, an 
 ifland divides the river into two branch- 
 es : an arch of i6o feet diameter, 40 feet 
 above the level of high water, conn edit 
 this ifland Avith the main on the oppofite 
 fide. The whole length of the bridge is 
 1,030 feet; its breadth 34; its contents 
 upwards of 6,000 tons of timber. The 
 two large arches were executed from a 
 model invented by Mr. Timothy Palm- 
 er, an ingenious houfewright in Newbury 
 Port. The whole is executed in a ftylc 
 far exceeding any thing of the kind hith- 
 erto eflayedih this country, and appears 
 to unite elegance, flrength and finnnefs. 
 The day before the bridge was opened 
 for the infpedlion of the public, a fliip 
 of 350 tons pafi"ed under the great arch. 
 There is a commodious houfe of enttr- 
 tainment at the bridge, tvhich is the re- 
 fort of parties of pleafure, both in fum- 
 mer and winter. The foil of this town is 
 rich and well cultivated. The pariflies of 
 Newton and Bylield are as fertile as any 
 in the county, 'I'he town lies between tAvo 
 navigable rivers, Merrimack on the N, 
 and Parker S, with Plum Ifland Sound 
 for its boundary E. On thefe waters 
 are large tra*5ls of fait marili. 
 
 Neivbury Fort-, a port of entry, and 
 
 poft 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 joft town in EiTcx co. Maffachufctti ; 
 pleafantly fituated on the S fide of Mer- 
 rimack river, about 3 miles from the 
 fts. lu a commercial view it is next 
 in rank, to Salem. It contains 5,946 in- 
 habitants, althou^ it is, perhaps, the 
 fmallcft townfhip in the State, its con- 
 tents not exceeding 640 acres. It was 
 taken from Newbury, and incorporated 
 in 1764. The churches, 6 in number, 
 are ornamented with fteeples; the other 
 public buildings are the court-houfe, 
 gaol, a bank, and 4 public fchool-houfes. 
 To the honour of this town, there are 
 in it 10 public Ichools, and 3 printing of- 
 fices. Many of the dwcliing-houfes are 
 tleg;ant. Before the war there were many 
 ihips built here; but fame years after 
 the revoluticm, the budnefs was on the 
 dt civne ; it now begins to revive. The 
 Bofton and Hancock continental frigates 
 were built here, and many privateers, 
 duri.sg the war. The harbour is fafe 
 and capacious, but difficiUt to enter. See 
 M.-rrhuuck Ri-ver. The Marine Society 
 of this town, ?.nd other gentlemen in it, 
 Ivave humanely creacd feveral fmali 
 Bonfes on the ihore of Plum iHand, fur- 
 r.ifhed with fuel and other conveniences, 
 fur the relief of iliipwrecked mariners. 
 Large quantities of rum are diftilled in 
 Newbury Fort ; there is alfo a brewery ; 
 and a confidcrable trade is carri-cd on 
 with the Weft Indies and the fouthern 
 States. Some vcfleis arc employed in the 
 freighting bufinefs, and a few in the M\- 
 ery. In Nov. 1790, there were owned in 
 this port, 6 fliips, 45 brigantines, 39 
 Vchooners, and -j.^ Hoops ; making, in all, 
 ri ,87 o u)ns. The exports for a year, end- 
 ing Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to 363,380 
 dollars. A machine for cutting nails, 
 has been lately invented by Mr. Jacob 
 Perkins of this town, a gentleman of great 
 mechanical genius, which will turn out, 
 if neceiTary, 200,000 nails in a day. 
 Kewbury Port is 40 miles N N E of Bof- 
 ton, a-.i S by W of Portfmouth. 12 Nof 
 Ipfwich, and 389 N £ of Piiiladelpliia. 
 The JiarUourhas 10 fathoms water : high 
 wat«;r at lull and change 15 muiutes ait-T 
 ir 6'cit)ck. In this tov.n is a Humane 
 ?.ud Mar.ne Society, who are attentive 
 to the feveral objtdls oi their inftitution. 
 'I he light iiv)ufe8 are on Plum lil md, in 
 42 47 N latitude, and in 70 47 W ioiig. 
 
 I>j ncbitry Bar^ which is continually 
 {iv'ftifig, lies without the light-houfes a 
 \\\r* diflance. !n croirmg this bat the 
 i"'u..»-h-.iifcs, which are moveable, muft 
 
 be brought in a range with each othaCv 
 Ten years ago the light-houfes ftooi 
 where the fliip channel now is. The 
 water is continually encroaching on the 
 land, on the fide of Plum Ifland. 
 
 Neiu Caledonia^ the name given by the 
 Scotch to the ill-fated fettlement which 
 that nation formed on the Ifthmus of Dari- 
 en, and on the S W fide of the gulf of that 
 name. It is fituated eaftward of the nar- 
 rowed part of the ifthmus, which is be- 
 tween Panama and Porto Bello, and lies 
 S E of the latter city. The fettlement 
 was formed in 1698. See Darien. 
 
 Ne-w Canton, a fmall pofl town lately 
 eftahliflied in Buckingham co. Virginia, 
 on the S fide of James' river, 70 miles 
 above Richmond. It contains a few houf- 
 es, and a ware-houfe for iufpcdiing to- 
 bacco. 
 
 Nexv Cafcoy a poft town, Cumberland 
 CO. Maine, 613 miles N E from Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 Ne'-ju CafiU, in Upper Canada. This 
 town plot is fituated on the Prefqu' Iflc 
 de Quinte, extending into Lake Ontario 
 from the caflern part of the to.vnfliip of 
 Cramalii. Smyth. 
 
 Nuiv Ccfjlle^ the mofl northern co. of 
 Delaware State. It is about 40 miles in 
 length and 20 in breadth, and contains 
 25,361 inhabitants, including 1,838 flaves. 
 Here are two fnulT-mills, a ilitting-mill, 
 4 paper-mills, 60 for grinding different 
 kinds of grain, and feveral fulling-mills. 
 The chief towns of this co^;nty ar« Wil- 
 mington and New Caflle. The land ia 
 it is more broken than any other part of 
 the State. The heights of Chriftlana are 
 lofty and commanding. 
 
 Netv Ccfile, a poft town, and the feat of 
 juftice of the above co. It is fituated on 
 the W fide of Delaware River, 5 miles S 
 of Wilmington, and 33 S W of Philadel- 
 phia. Ic contains more than 100 houfes, 
 a court-houfe and gaol; a church for 
 Epifcopalian^; and another for Preibyte- 
 rians. Here is i.n academy for boys and 
 another for young ladies, with fufiicient 
 funds, and under good regulations. This 
 is the olJeft town on Delaware River, hav- 
 ing been fettled by the Swedes, about the 
 year 1627, who called it Stockholm, after 
 the metropolis of Sweden. When it fell 
 into the hand, of the Dutch, it received 
 the name of N^w Amjlenhm ; and the 
 Englifli, when they took poffefllon of the 
 country, g^.ve It the name of Njw Cafle. 
 It was lately on the decline ; but now be- 
 nins to flouiiili. Piers arc built, which 
 
 afford 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 afford PL fafe retf Cat to vefiels, during the 
 winter ieafon. Thcfe add confiderably 
 to its advantages. Congrefs at their laft 
 feffion voted 30,000 dolUirs for improving 
 the navigation of the Delav'arc; a great 
 part of which it is expcdlcd will be laid 
 out in repairing and cretStingpiersat New 
 Caftle. It was incorporated in 167 a, 
 by the governor of New York, and was 
 for many years under the management 
 of a baihff and 6 afhftants. N. lat. s^ 38^. 
 
 Neiv Cajtlcj a townfliip in Weft Chefler 
 CO. N. York, taken from North Caft'e in 
 1791, and incorporated. There were 
 i>-i of the inhabitants qualified ele<^or,'. 
 ' Nizv Cape, called alfo Great Ifland, 
 a town in Rockingham co. N. Hampfliire, 
 of about ioo houfes, 534 inhabitants in 
 1790. It is the largefl: of a number of 
 Iflands in the mouth of Pifcataqua River, 
 1 miles E of Portfmouth. It has a meet- 
 ing houfe ; and on the N E point of the 
 Ifland is the light-houfe and fort, with 
 16 cannon, built in 1795, whidi de- 
 fends the harbour of Portfrnouth. This 
 place is not apparently in a flourifhing 
 ftate. It contains 524 inhabitants. 
 
 Niiv Cajlle, a port town in Lincoln co. 
 Maine, between Damafcotte and Skungut 
 rivers ; lo miles E by N of WifcafTet, 66 
 N E of Portland, and 19a N by E of Bof- 
 ton. The townfliip contains 996 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Ncrv Cajile, a pofl town of Hanover co. 
 Virginia, at the mouth of AfTequijx Creek, 
 ©n the S W fide of Pamiinkyr River, 
 and contains about 36 houfes. It is 54 
 miles N W of Williamlburg, -2.4. N E of 
 Richmond, and 297 from Philadelphia. 
 
 N' iv Chejter, a tcwnfliip in Grafton co. 
 N. Hampfl-iir^, on the W fide of Pemige- 
 AvafTct River, incorporated in 1778, 13 
 miles below Plymonth. 
 
 iViTi' Corvit.'/a, a town of the province 
 of Ti.caman, in S. Anurica. 
 
 Neiv Dtjlgn, in l.ouvfiana, a village of 
 ibout 40 houfes, and aoo fouls, so miles 
 from the Spanifh village St. I.ouis, and 
 15 from Mifiifippi river. It (lands on 
 high ground, but is furrounded by ponds. 
 ^" 1797 ' 57 of its inhabitants died of the 
 yellow fever. 
 
 Neiv Dublin, a townfliip in Lunenburg 
 CO. Nova Scotia, on Mahone Bay; fit ftfet- 
 tled by Irifli, and afterwards by Germans. 
 
 New DuihuK!. ia Strafford co. N. Ilamp- 
 fiiire, on the E coaft of Winnipifeoga 
 Lake, \V of Merry Meeting Bay, nearly 
 40 miles N W of Portfmouth. 'incorpo- 
 »..ntJ iu 1763, having 742 inhabitants. 
 
 KtTv £Jlnlurgh^ a nevf fcttlcmcur ilif 
 Nova Scctia. 
 
 NczLenhom, Cape, is the N point of Briu 
 tol Bay, on the N Wcoaft of N. America. 
 All along the coafl the flood tide leti 
 ftrongly to the N W, and it is high water 
 about noon on full and change days. N 
 lat. tS 4a, W long. 16a 14. 
 
 NEM^ ENGLAND, (or Northern or 
 Eajlern States J hea between 41 and about 
 48 N lat. and between 64 SZ* ^^^ 74 ^ 
 W long. ; bounded N by L. Canada ; E 
 by the province of N. Brunfwick and the 
 Atlantic Ocean ; S by the fame ocean, 
 and Long Ifland Sound ; W by the State 
 of N. York. It lies in the form of a quar- 
 ter of a circle. Its W line, beginning at 
 the mouth of Byram River, which emp- 
 ties into Long Ifland Sound, at the S W 
 corner of Connecticut, lat. 41, runs a lit- 
 tle E of N until it ftrikes the 45th degree 
 of latitude, and then curves to the eaft- 
 ward almoft to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 Its extreme length is about 6z6 miles. Its 
 breadth is very unequal from lOO to aoo 
 miles, containing about 7a,cco fquare 
 miles. This grand divifion of the United 
 States compreheiids the States of Virmoni-, 
 Neiv Hampjhire, Majacbufetts, (including 
 the Difriii of Maine, Rhode Jfand and Frov 
 idence Plantations, and ConneSficut, New 
 England has a very healthful, climate. It 
 is eftimated that about i in 7 of the in- 
 habitants live to the age of 70 years ; and 
 about I in 13 or 14 to 80 and upwards. 
 N W, W and S W winds are the moft 
 pret^alent. E and N E winds, which are 
 unelaftic and difagrecable, are frequent 
 at certain fcafons of the year, particular- 
 ly in April and May, on the fea-coafis 
 from Maine to Rhode Ifland. The weath- 
 er is lefs variable than in the middle, and 
 efpeciaily the fouthern States, and more 
 fo than in Canada. The extremes of 
 heat and cold, according to Fahrenheit's 
 thermometer, arc from 20 below to roo 
 above o. The medium is from 48 to 50. 
 The difeafes moft prevalent in New Eng- 
 land, are alvinc fluxes, St. Anthony's fire, 
 aflhma, atrophy, catarrh, cholic, inflam- 
 matory — flow — nervous and mixed fe- 
 vers, pulmonary confumption,quinfy, and 
 rheuniatifm. A late writer has obferved, 
 that " in other countries, men are divid- 
 ed according to their wealth or indi- 
 gence, into three claffes; the opulent, 
 the middling, and the poor ; the idlcnefs, 
 luxuries, and debaucheries of the firft, and 
 the mifery, and too frequent intemper- 
 ance ©f the laftj deftroy the ^jreater prc- 
 . porticw 
 
HEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 j^oition of thefe two. The intermedi- 
 ate clafs is below thofe indulgencics 
 which prove fatal to the rich, and above 
 thofe fufferings to which the unfortunate 
 Jsoor fall vidtims : this is therefore the 
 happiefi: divifion of the three. Of the 
 rich and poor, the New England States 
 furnifli a much fmallcr proportion than 
 any other diftricl of the known world. 
 In Connecfticut, particularly, the diftribu- 
 tion of wealth and its concomitants, is 
 more equal than clfewhere, and therefore, 
 as far as exccfs or want of wealth, may 
 prove deftrudtivc or falutary to life, the 
 inhabitants of this State may plead ex- 
 emption from difcafcs." What this wri- 
 ter, Dr. Foulke, fays of Connedlicut in 
 particular, will, with very few exceptions, 
 apply to New England at large. 
 
 New England is a high, hilly, and in 
 fome parts a mountainous country, form- 
 ed by nature to be inhabited by a hardy 
 race of free, independent republicans, 
 'i'hc mountains are comparatively fmall, 
 running nearly north and fouthin ridges 
 parallel to each other. Between thefe 
 ridges, flow the great rivers in majellic 
 meanders, receiving the innumerable riv- 
 ulets and larger ftreams which proceed 
 from the mountains on each fide. To a 
 fpecaator on the top of a neighbouring 
 mountain, the vales between the ridges 
 while in a ftate of nature, exhibit a ro- 
 mantic appearance. They feem an Ocean 
 of woods, fwelled and deprefled in its 
 JTurface like that of the ocean itfelf. A 
 richer, though lefs romantic view is pre- 
 fented, when the vallies have been clear- 
 ed of their natural growth by the induf- 
 trious hufbandmen, and the fruit of their 
 labour appears in loaded orchards, exten- 
 flve meadows, covered with large herds 
 of Oieep and neat cattle, and rich fields of 
 fl^x, corn, and the various kinds of grain. 
 Thefe vallies are of various breadths 
 from z to 20 miles ; and by the annual 
 inundations of the rivers and fmaller 
 flreams, which flow through them, there 
 is frequently an accumulation of rich, fat 
 foil left (ipon the furface when the waters 
 retire. The principal rivers in New Eng- 
 land, arc Penobfcot, Kenuebeck, Androf- 
 cogo^'n, or Amarifcoggin. Saco, Merri- 
 mack, ConneAiout, Houfatonic, Otter 
 Creek, and Onion rivers ; befides many 
 Smaller ones. New England, generally 
 rpe^king, is better adapted for grazing 
 than for grain, though a fuflicient quanti- 
 ty of the lattei' is raifcd for home con- 
 fa mptionj if wc except wheat, wliich is 
 
 impor^ed, particularly into MaA'achufettl^ 
 in confidcrable quantities from the mid- 
 dle and fouthern States. Indian corn, 
 rye, oats, barley, buck-wheat, flax and 
 hemp, generally fucceed very well. Ap- 
 ples are common, and are generally plen- 
 ty in New England. Cider conftitutcs 
 the principal drink of the inhabitants in 
 the northerly and cafterly parts. Peach- 
 es do not thrive fo well as formerly. The 
 other common fruits are more or lefs cul- 
 tivated in difFerent parts. The high and 
 rocky ground is in many parts covered 
 with clover, and generally aflbrds the 
 beft of pafture; and here arc raifed fomc 
 of the flnefl cattle in the world. The 
 quantity of butter and cheefe made for 
 exportation is very great. Confiderabl*^ 
 attention is now paid to the raifing of 
 flteep. This is the mofl; populous divi- 
 fion of the United States. The great 
 body of the inhabitants are landholders 
 and cultivators of the foil. As they pof- 
 fefs, in fee fimple, the farms which they 
 cultivate, they are naturally attached to 
 their country; the cultivation of the foil 
 makes them robuft and healthy, and ena- 
 bles them to defend it. New England mayi 
 with propriety, be called a nurfery of 
 men, whence are annually tranfplanted, 
 into other parts of the United States, 
 thoufands of its natives. Vaft numbers 
 of them, fince the war, have immigrated 
 into the northern parts of N. York, Can- 
 ada, Kentucky and the Weft:ern Territory, 
 and Georgia, and fome arc fcattcred into 
 every State and every town of note in 
 the Union. 
 
 The inhabitants of New England are, 
 almofl univerfally, of Engllfli defcent ; 
 and it is owing to this circumftance, and 
 to the great and general attention that 
 has been paid to education, that the Eng- 
 Hfli language has been preferved among 
 them fo free from corruption. Learning 
 is difFufed more univerfally, among all 
 ranks of people here, than in any oth- 
 er part of the globe ; arlfing from the 
 excellent eftablifliment of fchoois, not on- 
 ly In every townfliip, but almofl in every 
 neighbourhood; tile extcnfive circulation 
 of newfpapers ; and the focial libraries in 
 a great part of the parlflles. The firft at- 
 tempt to form £ regular fettiement intliis 
 country, was at Sagadahock, in 1607, but 
 the year after, the whole number who 
 furvivcd the winter, returned to England. 
 The firft company that laid the founda- 
 tion of the New England States, planted 
 thcmfclves at Plvmouthj November, 1620. 
 
 The 
 
NEW 
 
 N E W 
 
 The founders of the colony confif^cd of 
 but roi fouls. In 1640, tlu importation 
 of fcttlers ceafcd. Perfccution, (the mo- 
 tive which had led to traufportation to 
 America) was over, by the change of af- 
 fairs in England. At this time, the num- 
 ber of palfcn^i^erg who had come over, in 
 298 veffels, from the beginning of the 
 colony, amounted to zr,ico, men, xvom- 
 cn and children ; perhaps about 4,000 
 families. In 1760, the number of inhab- 
 itants in MaiTachufetts Bhv, New Hamp- 
 f]iirc,Connei5licut, and R.Illand, amount- 
 ed, probably, to half a million. 
 
 N.jv-F.i'nfidd, the north-wefternmoft 
 townfliip in Fairfield co. Connecflicut. 
 
 Niiv-Fane^ the chief town of Windham 
 CO. Vermont, is fituatcd on Wefl River, 
 I a miles N W of Brattleborough. It has 
 ijOOO inhabitants. 
 
 Nc-vfoundland IJJand, on the E fide of 
 the gulph of St. Lawrence, is feparated 
 from the eoaft of I>abrador on the N by 
 the Straits of Belifle, which is about 21 
 miles wide. It is fituatcd between lat. 46 
 45 and 51 46 N, and between long. 5231 
 and 59 40 weft from Greenwich : being 
 ^Si miles long, and from 40 to aSy broad. 
 The coafts are fubjedl to fogs, attend- 
 ed with almoft continual ftorms of fnow 
 and fleet, the Iky being ufually over- 
 caft. From the foil of this ifland the 
 Britifli reap no great advantage, for the 
 cold is long continued and fevere •-, and 
 the fummer heat, though violent, warms 
 it not enough to produce any thing valu- 
 able; for the foil, at leaft in thofe parts 
 of the ifland which have been explored, is 
 rocky and barren. However, it is water- 
 ed by feveral good rivers, and has manv 
 large and good harbours. This ifland, j 
 whenever the c ntinent fliall come V^ fhi! I 
 of timber convenient to navigaticn (which I 
 on the fca coafl perhaps will be at no 
 very remote period) it is laid will af- I 
 ford a large fupply for mafts, yards, and i 
 all forts of lumber for the W. India trade. ] 
 But what at prefent it is chiLliy valuable ] 
 for, is the great fifhery of cod carried on 
 upon thofe flioals which are called the 
 Banks of Newfoundlmd Gre:.<tBiitai!i 
 and the U States, at the loweft computa- 
 tion, annually emi-jloy ;-^00O fail of fniall 
 cr;:ft in this fifliery ; on board or wiiicu. 
 and on fliore to cure and pack the hfli, 
 are upwards of 100,000 hands ; fo that 
 this fidiery is not only a very valuable 
 branch of trade to the merchant, but a 
 fourcc of livelihood to many thoufands of 
 poor people, and a mall excellent nurfe- 
 
 VOL. I. Y Y 
 
 ry to the royal navy. This fjnh.try \% 
 computed to increafc the national ftock 
 .300,000!. a year in gold and fiiver, remit- 
 ted for the cod fold m the north, in Spain, 
 Portugal, Italy, and the Levant. The 
 plenty of cod, both on the great b-uik and 
 the leiTcr ones, which lie to the E and S 
 E of this ifland, is inconceivable ; and net 
 only cod, l)Ut ftveral other fpecies of iifK 
 are caught there in abundance ; all of 
 which are in nearly an equal plenty along 
 the fliores of Nev*' found I and. Nova- Sco- 
 tia, Ntw-England, and the ifle of Cape- 
 Breton ; and very profit-ible fifheries are 
 carried on upon all their coafts. 
 
 This ifland, afccr various difputes about 
 the property, was entirely ceded to En- 
 gland by the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713 ; 
 but the French were left at liberty to dry 
 their nets on the northern fliores of the 
 ifland ; and by the treaty of 1763 they 
 were permitted to filli in t!ic gulf of St, 
 Lawrence, but with this limitation, that 
 they llK)'.dd not approach within three 
 leagues of any of the co ifts belonging to 
 England. The fma'l iflands of St. P'crre 
 and Miquelon, fituatcd to the foutluvard 
 of Newfoundland, were alfo ceded to th(j 
 Frer.ch, who flipulated to creel no forti- 
 fications on thcfe iflands, nor to keep 
 more than 50 fcidiers to enforce the po- 
 lice. By the laft treaty of peace, the 
 French are to enjoy tlie fifheries on the 
 N and on the W coad-i of the ifland ; and 
 the inhabitants of the United States are 
 .allowed the fame privileges in tiiliing, as 
 before their independen c. The chief 
 towns in Newt^oundland are, Placentia, 
 Bonavifta, and St. John's; owt not above 
 l,oco families remain here in winter. A. 
 fmall fquadron of men of war are fere 
 our every fpring to protctSt the fi'.lierie* 
 and inhabitants, the admiral of which, 
 for the time being, is governor of the 
 ifland. b-fides whom, there is a lieutenant- 
 governor, who relldes at Pl.accntia. In 
 1785, Great Britain eniployed in the 
 Newfoundland fifliery, 291 fiiliing fliips, 
 and 58 colony iaips, wliofe tonnage 
 amounted to 4 r.990. 1 he fame year, 
 they carried to foreign markets 59 r, '.47 6 
 quintals of fiili. In 1799 34c velfels, 
 whofe tonnage amounted to 34,225, car- 
 rying 2,449 nien, were employed in this 
 fifhery. The fr<me year was exported 
 45,? 337 quintals of dry cod fifh, i,u99S 
 do. of core fi(b, 2,642 tierces of Jalmon, 
 202 barrels of herrings, 3,017 tons of oil, 
 and 74,i8r feai iTcins. 
 
 Veheis lie in the bays and barbour? of 
 
 thi*. 
 
N E W 
 
 N E W 
 
 this ifland in pcrfcA ftcurlty, being well \ 
 liieltered, except at the entra;u-e. by the 
 r.iountains ; and fome of tlvcm (the whole 
 circuit of the illand being full of them) 
 are i or 2 leagues in length, and near 
 half a league hi breadth, into which fcv- 
 eral rivers and brook.; of excellent water ! 
 covae from the adjacent mountains. Thefe ; 
 alfo are contiguous to each other, l>eing ; 
 fcparatedufuallv-only by a point of land, ' 
 feldom excteding 2 leagues in brc.idth. I 
 Bnt the towns and viiiages are only on ; 
 the larger aiid more commodious bays ; 
 Tiie cod arc ufually found to be mofl , 
 abundant where the bottom is fandv, ; 
 and the leaft numerous wliere it is mud- 1 
 dy, and the beft depth is alfo between 30 ] 
 and 40 fathoms. When a fliip has taken i 
 her flation, flie is immediately unrigged, 
 and a proper place fetetfled for curing and ! 
 fecuring the fifli, and huts eretfled for : 
 the men who work adiore ; a large fcaf- | 
 fold is alfo eredied at the water's edge, | 
 where the number of flialk>ps deftined | 
 for the fiihery is got ready, and alio i'c- \ 
 cured after the feafon is over, till the ' 
 following fummer. Ships firft entering 
 any bay, have the privilege of applying 
 thefe to their own ufe. The mailer who : 
 arrives firfl: in the feafon in each of the I 
 numerous harbours, is for that year (lyled i 
 Lord of the Harbour ; who alfo fettles 1 
 dilputes among the ftfliermeu. We fltall : 
 not detail the mode of managing and cur- ; 
 ing the fifli, which is purfucd with much j 
 perfevering labotir; we lliall only add, 
 that the Great Bank of Nfwfoundland, : 
 which may properly be decn-.ed a vail 
 mountain under water, is not lefs than ; 
 330 miles in length, and about 75 in ' 
 breadth. The depth of the water upon ' 
 it varies from 15 to 60 fathoms, and the ' 
 bottoni is covered with a vafl: quantity 1 
 of ihells, and frequented by vaft Ihoals ■ 
 of fmall xilh, mofl of which icrve as food ' 
 to the cod, that are inconceivably nume- \ 
 rous and voracious. It is a fait, in proof \ 
 of the plenty of cod licre, that though fb '. 
 many hundred vefl'cb have been annuailv ' 
 loaded with them, for two cciit'irics pafi, j 
 yet the prodigious confumption h^s not , 
 yet leflened their plenty. 'I'he numiicr ! 
 of fowls called penguins, are certain okhtIcs 
 tor the bank, and are never found off it ; 
 thefe are fometimes fern in flocks, but { 
 more ufually in paiis. The lijhery on ' 
 tlje banks of Newfoundland may be iuflly I 
 ly cfl:cemed a mine cf greater value than ] 
 ©f thofein Mexico or Peru. The Frtnch 1 
 ufcd. to employ in this fiflicry 264 ihips, j 
 
 [ tonnage 27,439 ; and 9,403 men. Total 
 I value j(^ 270,000 fterling 
 j ivri:- Found Mills, Hanover co. Virgin- 
 j ii. Here is a poft office,^! 12 miles from 
 I Wailiington. 
 
 j Ne7v Ganlcn, a poll town in Chcfter 
 CO. PennfyKv.nia. 
 
 Ne-iV Gardi^ri, a fettlcment of the Friends 
 in Gijildford co. North Carolina. 
 
 Ndiv Geneva, apofttown in Fayette co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Ndiv Gcne'ua^ in Fayette co. Pennfylva- 
 nia, on the S fide of the Monongahela. It 
 has a manufactory of glafs bottles and 
 .mufquets. Iron ore and coal are found iit 
 great plenty in the vicinity. Here is a 
 poft oliice, 230 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Ndiv-Germanioivn, a poll town of Nevr 
 Jerfey, Hunterdon co. 28 miles N W of 
 Brunfwick, 47 N by E of Trenton, and 
 77 N E by N cf Philadelphia. 
 
 Nciu-GLuceJlcr, a fmall poft toAvn in 
 Cumberland co. Maine, 2 7^miles norther- 
 ly of Portbnd, and 146 N of Bofton. It 
 was incorporated in 1774, and contain* 
 1,378 inhabitants. 
 
 Ndiv Gotiitigen, a town of Georgia, 
 Burke co. on the W bank of Savannah 
 river, aljout 1 8 miles E of Waynefborough, 
 and z$ N W of Ebenczer. 
 
 New -Granada, a province in the fouth- 
 crn divifion of Terra Firma, S. America, 
 whofe chief town is Santa Fede Bagota. 
 See Cibola. 
 
 Nciv-Granthom, a townfliip in Chefhire 
 CO. N. Hamplhire, was incorporated in 
 J 761, about fifteen miles S E of Dart- 
 mouth college. 
 
 Neiv Hampjlircy one of the United 
 States of America, is firuated between 
 lat. 42 41 and 45 n N, and between 
 70 40 and 72 28 W long, from Green- 
 wich ; bounded N by Lower Canada ; K 
 by the Di.tr iA of Pvlaine ; S by MaJia- 
 chufetts, and W by Connecticut river, 
 which feparates it from Vermont. It» 
 fliape is nearly that of a right angled tri- 
 angle. The Di Uriel of Maine and the 
 Tea ic5 leg, the line of ManV.chufetts its 
 perpendicular, and Connecticut River it» 
 hypothcnufe. It contains 9,491 fquarc 
 miles, or 6,074,240 acres; of which at 
 ieafl 100,000 acres are w ater. Its length 
 is 168 miles ; its greatcfi: breadth c^o, and 
 its leaft breadth 19 miles. 
 
 'I'his State is divided into 5 counties, 
 viz. Rocki.igham, Straflbrd, Cheihire, 
 Hillfborough, and Grafton. The chief 
 towns are Portfmouth, Exeter, Concord^ 
 Dover, Amhtrft, Keen, Charicitown, Ply- 
 mouth, 
 
N E W 
 
 N E W 
 
 mouth, and Haver 111; I. Moft of the town- 
 fliips are 6 miles jcmre, and the whole 
 number of townfliips and locations is 
 2.14 ; containing 183,038 inhabit?.nts. In 
 17 67, the number of inhabitants was efti- 
 mated at 5Z,700. This Stp.te haa but 
 about lo miles of fea-coaPr, at its S E cor- 
 ner. In this d!il;incc there are feveral 
 coves for fifliing vcireis, but the only har- 
 bour for l"hips is the entrance of Pii"cata- 
 qua River, the fliores of which are rocky. 
 The lliorc is mcftly a fandy beach, ad- 
 joining to which aie f-ilt marilies, inter- 
 sected by creeks, which produce good 
 paftiire for cattle and flieep. Tiie inter- 
 val lands on the margin of the great riv- 
 ers are moll: valuable, bccaufe they are 
 overflowed and enriched by the water 
 from the uplands which brings a fat fiime 
 or fedlment. Gn Connetflicut River thefe 
 lands are from a quarter of a mile to a 
 mile and a half on each fide, and produce 
 corn, grain, and grafs, efpccially wheat, 
 in greater abundance and perfection than 
 the fame kind of foil does in the higher 
 lands. The wide fpreading hills are cf- 
 tcemed as warm and rich ; rocky moift 
 land is accounted good for pafture ; 
 drained fwanips hrtve a deep mellow foil ; 
 and the vallies between the hiils are gen- 
 erally very produrtive. Agriculture is 
 ihe chief occupation of the inhabitants ; 
 beef, pork, mutton, poultry, wheat, rye, 
 Indian corn, barley, puife, butter, cheefc, 
 hops, efcuknt roots and plants, flax, 
 hemp, &c. are articles which will always 
 find a market, and are raifcd in immenfe 
 quantities in New Harrpfnire, both for 
 home confumption and exportation. Ap- 
 ples and pears are the nioft common fruits 
 cultivated in this Stste, and no hufl^and- 
 man thinks his farm complete without an 
 orchard. Tree fruit of the iirfl; quality 
 cannot be raifed in fuch a northern cli- 
 mate as this, without particular atten- 
 tion. N. York, N. Jerfey and Pennfylva- 
 nia have it in perfection. As you depart 
 from that tracEl, either fouthward or 
 northward, it degenerates. The unculti- 
 vated lands are covered with extenfive 
 fprefts of pine, fir, cedar, oak, walnut, &c. 
 For climate, difeafes, &:c. fee N^zv England. 
 New Hamplhire is interfedfed by feveral 
 ranges of mountains. The firft ridge, by 
 the name of the Blue Hills, pafles through 
 Rochefter, Barrington and Nottingham, 
 and the feveral fummits are diftinguiflied 
 by dilFerent names. Behind thcfe are 
 feveral higher detached mountains. Far- 
 ther back the mountains riie ftill higher, 
 
 and among the third range, Chocoriia,, 
 Offapee, and Kyarfarge,are the principal. 
 Beyond thcfe is the lofty ridge which 
 divides the branches of Connecticut and 
 Merrimack rivers, denominated the 
 Height of Land. In this ridge is the cele- 
 brated Monadnock mountain. Thirty 
 miles N of Avhich is Siinapee, and 48 miles 
 furtlier is Moofehillock, called alfo Moo- 
 flielcck mountain. The ridge is then 
 continued northerly, dividing the waters 
 of the river Conntdticut from thofe of 
 Saco, and Amarifcoggin. Here the moun- 
 tains rife much higher, and the moft eleva- 
 ted fummits in this range are the White 
 Tvlountains. The lauds V/ of this laft: 
 mentioned range of mountains, bordering 
 on Connedlicut River, arc interfperftcl 
 with extenfive meadows, rich and well 
 watered. OiTapce Mountain lies adjoin- 
 ing the town of Mouitonborough on the N 
 E. In this town it is obfcrved, that in a. 
 N E ftorm the wind falls over the moun- 
 tain like water over a dam; and \\\Cn. 
 fuch force, as frequently to unroof houfes. 
 People who live near thefe mountains, by 
 noticingthe various movements of attracSt- 
 ed vapours, can form a pretty accurate 
 judgment of the weather ; and they 
 hence ftyie thefe mountains their Alma- 
 nack. If a cloud is attra(St:ed by a moun- 
 tain, and hovers on its top, they predict 
 rain ; and if, after rain, the mountain 
 continues capped, they expedl a repeti- 
 tion of fJiowers. A ftorm is preceded 
 for feveral hours by a roaring of the 
 mountain, which may be heard 10 or iz 
 miles. But the White Mountains are un- 
 doubtedly the liigheft hind in New Eng- 
 land, and, in clear weather, are difcover- 
 ed before any other laud, by veiTels com- 
 ing in to the eaftcrn coafi:; but by reafon 
 of their white appearance, are frequently 
 miftaken for clouds. They are vilihle on 
 the land at the diftance of 80 mile*, on 
 the S and S E fides ; they appear liigh- 
 er when viewed from the N E, and it 
 is faid, they are feen from the neigh- 
 bourhood of Chamblee and Quebec. 
 The Indians gave them the name of Agi- 
 ocochook. The number of fummits in 
 this clufter of mountains cannot at prefent 
 be afcertained, the country around them, 
 being a thick wildernefs. The greateft 
 number which can be fecn at once, is at 
 Dartniouth, on the N W fide, where fev- 
 en fummits appear at one view, of which 
 four are bald. Of thefe the three higheft 
 are the moft diflant, being on the eafterii 
 fide of the clufter ; one of thefe is the 
 mountain 
 
N E W 
 
 NEW 
 
 mofintam ir'/'hich makes fo majeftlran ap- 
 pearance all along the tliore of the tall- 
 crn countifcs of MalTarhufetts : It has 
 lately l>cen diftinguifhed by the name of 
 Mount I'VaJhhrgion. Dijring the period of 
 9 or lo months, thtfe mountains exhibit 
 more or lef? of that bright appr-arance, 
 from which they are denominated white. 
 In the fpri ng, when the faow is partly 
 difToived, they appear of a pale blue, 
 flrcaked witii white ; and after it is wiiol- 
 ly gone, at the diftance of 60 miles, they 
 are altogether of the fame pale blue, near- 
 ly approaching a flcy colour; while at 
 the fame time, viewed at the diftance of 
 8 miles or lefs, thty appear of the proper 
 colour of the lock. Tliefe changes are ob 
 fcrved bv people who live within conhaui 
 •view of ihem ; and from thefe fails and 
 obfervations, it may with certainty be 
 concluded, tiiat the whitencfs of tliem is 
 wholly caufed by the fnow, and not by 
 any other white fubftance, for in fa6f 
 there is none. 
 
 The reader will find an elegant def- 
 cription of thefe mountain? in the i^^v vr.i 
 of Dx Belknap's Hiflory of New H imp 
 iliire, from which the above is extratfled 
 
 The moft ronfideraf>le rivers of this 
 State are Connecticut, Merrimack, Pifcat 
 aqua,Saco,Androicoggin, Upper and Low- 
 er Amonooruckjbdicies many other fmali- 
 cr ftjcams. The chief lakes are Winni 
 pifeogee, Umhagog, Sunapce, Squam, and 
 Great Offapee. Bcfoje the w .r, ilrip- 
 building was a fourcc of ccnfiderabte 
 ■wealth to this State ; about ioo vefiels 
 were then annually built, and Ibid in Eu 
 rope and in the W.Indies; but that tr^dc 
 is much declined. Although this is not 
 to be ranked among the great commer- 
 cial States, yet its trade is conlick-ra- 
 ble Its exports confifl: of luml^er, fliip- 
 timher, whaie oil, fl x feed, live ftock, 
 beef, pork, Indian torn, pot and pearl 
 aflies, ^c &c. In 1790, ihcre belonged 
 to Pifc taqua }^^, veiieis above ico tons, 
 and 50 under that burden. The tounage 
 of foreign and American velTtls cleared 
 out from the ift of Oc'iober, 1789, to the 
 ift of 06l<jbtr, X791, was 31,097 tons, of 
 which 26,560 tons were American vefrds. 
 The tiflieries at Pifcataqua, including the 
 Ifle of Shoals, employ annually 27 fchoo- 
 Ticrs and 20 boats. In 1791, the pioduce 
 was 25,850 quintals of cod and fcale fifli. 
 The exports from the port of Pifcataqua 
 in two years, viz. from the iff of O6I0- 
 ber, 1789, to the ifl of 0(Slober, 1791, 
 amouuttt* to the value of 296,839 dolls. 
 
 51 cents ; in the year cndin|[ Sept. ^oth, 
 179Z, 181,407 dollars; in 1793, 198,197 
 dollars; and in the year 1791, 153,856 
 doll-rs ; in 1801, the exports amounted 
 ^'^ 565,394 dollars. The bank of New 
 Hamplliire was cftabliflied in 1792, witl> 
 a capital of 6o,goo dollars : by an acT: of 
 aflembly the flock-holders can increafe it 
 to aoo.oco dollars fpccie, and loo.coa 
 dollars, in any other eftate. I'he onlv 
 college in the State is at Hanover, called 
 Dartmouth College, which is amply en- 
 dowed v/ith lands, and is in a flourifliing 
 iicuation. The principal academies are 
 thofe of Fxeter, New-!pfwich, Atkinfon, 
 and Amherl]:. See Nciv-^ngland, United 
 Stutes^ Sec. 
 
 N'lt" Ham^i^n, a pofl town of New- 
 Han^.pfiiirc StrafTord co. on the W fide 
 of Lake Winnipifcogee, 9 miles S E of 
 Plymouth, and 9 miles N W of Mere- 
 dith ; incorporated in 1777. 
 
 N'c'zv-HiiKfiion, a poft town, Hiinterdoii 
 CO. New Jcrfey, 217 miles from Wafliing^ 
 ton. 
 
 Neiv- Hanover, a maritime co. of Wil- 
 mington di(lri<5l, N. Carolina, extending 
 from Cape Fear River N E along the At- 
 lantic ocean. Chief town, Wilmington. 
 
 Nc'iv- Hanover, a townfliip in Burling- 
 ton CO. N. Jerfey, containing about 20,000 
 acres of improved land, and a large quan- 
 tity that is barren and uncultivated. The 
 comp:;i£l part of the townihip is called 
 NeTj'-Mil'f, where are about 50 houfes, 
 27 miles from Philadelphia, and 13 from 
 Burlington. 
 
 Ntiv- Hanonier, a townfliip in Morga* 
 CO. P< nnfylvania. 
 
 NeiV'H.mo'ver, a CO. of N. Catolina, dif- 
 tri(flof Wilmington, conta'ning 5,371 in- 
 habitants, of whom 2,933 are flaves. Haz-r 
 ardous is the ftate of that Ibciety while 
 its ruin would be defireable to the ma- 
 jority. 
 
 Ntiv -Hartford, a fmall poft-town in 
 Litchfield co. Connedlicut, 14 miles N E 
 of Litchfield, 20 W by Nof Hartford. 
 
 Nciv-Haven co. Conn. extends along the 
 Sound between Middlefex co. on the eaft, 
 and Fairfield co. on the wtft ; about 3a 
 miles long fiom N to S, and 28 from eafl 
 to well:. It is divided into 14 townfliips. 
 It contained in 1756, 17,955 free perfons, 
 and a26flaves ; in 1774, 25,896 free per- 
 fons and 925 flaves ; in 1790, 30,397 free 
 pcrlbns and 433 flaves ; and in 180Q, 
 31,926 free perfons and 236 flaves. 
 
 Neil'- Ha-ven f f City ) the feat of juflicc in 
 { the above co. and tke femi-metropolis of 
 
 the 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 the State. This city lies round the head 
 of a bay which makes up about 4 miles 
 N from Long liland Sound. It covers 
 part of a large plain which is circumfcri- 
 bcd on three lides by high hills or moun- 
 tains. Two fmall rivers bound the city 
 E and W. It was originally J«id out in 
 fquarcs of 60 rods ; many of thelc fquares 
 have been divided by crofs ftreets. Four 
 streets run N V/ and S E, and are crofied 
 by others at right angles. Near the centre 
 of the city is the public fquare, on and 
 around which are the public buildi-.igs 
 which are a fiate-houie, 3 college ediikes, 
 a chapel and edifice for the library, &c. 3 
 churches for Congregationalifts, and one 
 for Epifcopalians ; all which are hand- 
 fome and commodious buildings. The 
 college edifices, ftate-houfe, and one of the 
 churchr:s ai c of brick. The public fquarc 
 is encircled with rows of trees, which ren^ 
 der it both convenient and delightful, 
 its beauty, however, is greatly diminiilicd 
 by the burial-ground, and feveral of the 
 public buildings v/hich occupy a confid- 
 crable part of it. Many of the ftiectsarc 
 ornamented v;ith rows of trees on each 
 fide, which gi\'e the city a rural appear- 
 ance. The profpecl from the fteeples is 
 greatly variegated and .extremely beauti- 
 ful There are between 300 and 4G0 neat 
 dwelling-houfes in the city, principally of 
 wood. The llrects are Candy but^jclean. 
 Within the limits of the city in 1798, were 
 547 houfes, and up\Tards of 4, '^00 fouls. 
 About one in 70 die annually. Indeed 
 as to pleafantnefs of fituationand falubri- 
 ty "if air, New- Haven is hardly exceeded, 
 by anv city in America. It carries on a 
 conliderable trade with New-York and 
 the Weft India iOands. The exports for i 
 year, ending Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to 
 the value of 171,868 dollars. Manufac- 
 tures of card teeth, linen, buttons, cotton, 
 and paper are carried on here. Yale 
 College, wliich is cftabiiflied in this city, 
 was founded in 1700, and remained at Kil- 
 h'ngworth until 1 7 07, then at Say brook un- 
 til 17 16, when it was removed and fixed at 
 New Haven. It has its name from its prin- 
 cipal benefa(ilor, Gov. Yale. There are at 
 prefent 8 college doMicUcs, 3 of which, 
 each 100 feet long, and 40 wide, are in- 
 habited by the ftudents, containing 32 
 chambers each, fufficient for lodging 200 
 iludcnts; a chapel 40 by jo feet, with a 
 fteeple 130 feet high; another edifice for 
 the library, &c. of the fame dimenfions, 
 a dining hall 60 by 40 feet ; a houfe for 
 theprefident, aud anothtr for the profef- 
 
 for of divinity. The public library coa- 
 iifts of about 3,000 volumes, and the phi- 
 li'fophical apparatus is as complete as 
 mod others in tne Unirtd States, and ctui- 
 tains the machines neceli'ary fur exhibit- 
 ing experiments in the whole courfe of 
 experimental philofophy and allronomy. 
 'I'he mureum,to which aclciitio«s art con^ 
 ftantly making, Cijntains many iiaturai 
 curiolities. From the year 170c to 1793, 
 there had been educated and graduated 
 at this univer lity about 2,303. The nuin- 
 ber of ftudcjits is generally 150. Ti>« 
 harbour, though inferior to New-London^ 
 har, good anchorage, with 3 fathonis and 4 
 feet water at common tides,and 2-^- fatlioms 
 at low water. This place and Hartford 
 are the feats of the legiflature alternately. 
 It is 40 miles S W by S of Hart fori), 54 
 from New-London, 88 from Ntw-York, 
 IJ2 from Softon, and 183 N £ of Phila^ 
 deiphia. N lat. 41 i 8, W long 72 r^- 
 
 Nfju-K^'ven^ a P'mI; tr.wE in AddiJbn co. 
 Vermont, on Otter Creek, between Mid- 
 dlebury and Vc rgcnnes. 
 
 Njiju-Hthridcs^-A. clufter of ifiandb in tlie 
 Pacific Ocean, {i:> called by Capt. Cook iu 
 X794 ; the fame as the Archipdogo of the 
 Great Cyclades of Bougainville, or the '2i?r- 
 ra Aujlral of Quiros ; v/hich fee. 
 
 Neiv-Hulland^ a poft town of Pcnnfylva-. 
 nia,Lancaner co. in the midll of a ttrtile 
 country. It contains a German rjiurch 
 and about lOO houfes. It is 12 miles E 
 N E of Lancafter, and 54 W N W uS- 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 J^s'vu- Huntir^ton. See Huntington, 
 
 ITeihichivaiuanick. See PiCcataqiia. 
 
 Nezvingtotty a townfliip, formtrlv part 
 of Portfmouth and Dover, in RockjiiglKUu 
 CO. New Hampfnire. It contains 481 in* 
 habitants. 
 
 Neiv iK-iicrnefs, in Georgia, is (ituatcd 
 near Darien on Alatamaha River. \t 
 was built by the Scotcli Highlandci s, 160 
 of whom landed here in 1735. 
 
 Nc'%v-Ipftvicb^ a pofl: town iu Hiilf- 
 borough CO. N. Hampihire, on the W fide 
 of Souhegan river, upon the fouthe-rn line 
 of the State. It was incorporated in 17 6z, 
 and contains 1,266 inhabitants. There is 
 an academy, founded in 1789, having a 
 fund of alnjut ^i^ooo, and has generally 
 about 40 or 50 fiudents. It is about 24 
 miles S E of Keene, and 75 W S W of 
 Portfmouth. 
 
 New Jcrfy, one of the CJnited State* 
 of America, is fituated between 39 and 
 41 24 N latitude, and between 74 44 and 
 75 33 W longitude from Londou ; bound- 
 ed 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 cd E by Hndfon's River and the Ocean; 
 W by Dclawire Bay and river, which di- 
 vide it froni the States of Delaware and 
 Pcnnfvlvania ; N bv the line drawn from 
 the mouth of Mahakk:<n-i;ik river, in lat. 
 41 24 to a point on Hudfon's River, in 
 lat. 41. It is about t6o miles long and 
 52 broad, containing about 8,320 fquare 
 miles, equal to 5,32^,800 acres. It is di- 
 vided ':v.:o 13 counties, viz. Cape May, 
 Cumberland, Salem, Gloucefter, Burling- 
 ton, Hunterdon, and Sulllx; thefe 7 lie 
 from S to N on Delaware River ; Cape 
 May and Gloucefter extend acrofs to (he 
 fea ; Bergen, EiTex, Middlccx, and iVlon- 
 mouth, lie from N to S on the eaftcrn liJe 
 of the State; Somerfet and Morris are 
 inland counties. The number of inhabit- 
 ants is 211,149, of whom 12,422 are 
 flaves. The mou lemark^blc bay is Ar- 
 thur Kuli. or Newark Briy, formed by the 
 union of PalTaick and Hackiafac fivers. 
 The rivers in this State, thocgh not Lirge, 
 are numcroa«:, A traveller, in pafling | 
 the common road from New York to 1 
 Philadelphia, crolTe^ three confiderable j 
 rivers, viz. the Hackinfac and PalTaick, } 
 betv.'cen Bergen and Newark, and the 
 Rarlt: n by Brunfwick. PalTaick is a very 
 crooked river. It is navigable about 10 
 miles, and is 230 yards wide at the ferry. 
 The cataracSt, or Great Falls, in this riv- 
 er, is one of the greatcfl: natural curiofi- 
 ties in the State. I'he river i.^ about 40 
 yards wide, anJ. moves in a i!ov/, gentle 
 current, until coming within a fliort dif- 
 tance of a deep cleft in a rock, Avhiph 
 croiTcs the channel, it defcends anc| falls 
 above 70 feet perpendicalarly, in one 
 entire flieet. One end of tl;e cleft, which 
 was evidently made by fonie violent con- 
 vulfion in nature, is doled ; at the oth- 
 er, the water ruflies out with incredible 
 fwlftnefs, forming ?.n acute angle with its 
 former diredticn, and is received into a 
 large bafon, whence it takes a winding 
 courft through the rocks, and fpreads in- 
 to a broad fmooth ftream. The cleft is 
 from 4 to 12 feet broad. The falling of 
 the water occafions a cloud of vapour to 
 arife, which, by floating amidft the fun- 
 beams, pvefents rainbows to the view, 
 which adds beauty to the tremendous 
 fcene. The new nianufa<5luring town of 
 Pattcrfon is credled upon the Great Falls 
 in this river. Rariton River is formed 
 by two confiderable fl:rearns, called the 
 N and S branches ; one of which has its 
 fource in Morris, the other in Hunterdon 
 tounty. It pafies by Brunfwick and 
 
 Amboy, and, mingling with the waters of 
 the Arthur Kull Sound, helps to fornt 
 the fine harbour of Amboy. Bridges have 
 lately been eredted over the Paliaick, 
 Hackinfac and Rariton rivers, on the 
 pofl road between New York and Phila- 
 delphia. Thefe bridges will greatly fa- 
 cilitate the intercourfe between thefe two 
 great cities. The counties of SulTex, Mor- 
 ris, and the northern part of Bergen, arq 
 mountainous. As much as five-eighths 
 of moft of the fouthern counties, or f of 
 the whole State, is almofl. entirely a fandy 
 barren, unfit in many p^rts for cultiva- 
 tion. All the varieties of foil, from the 
 woril: to the liffl kind, may be found 
 here. The good land in the fouthern 
 counties lies principally on the banks of 
 livers and creeks. The barrens produce 
 little elfe but flirub oaks and yellow pines. 
 Thefe fandy lands yield an immenfe quan- 
 tity of bog iron ore, which is worked up 
 to great advantage in the iron works in 
 thefe counties. In the hiily and moun- 
 tainous parts which are not too rocky 
 for cultivation, the foil is of a Wronger 
 kind, and covered in its natural ftate with 
 .lately qaksj hickories, chefnuts, Sec. and, 
 when cultivated, produces wheat, rye, 
 Indian corn, buck wheat, oats, barley, 
 flax, and fruits of all kinds common to 
 the climate. The land in this hilly 
 country is good for grazing, and farmers 
 feed great numbers of cattle for N. York 
 and Philadelphia markets. The orchards 
 in many parts of the State equal any 
 in the United States, and their cider is 
 faid, and not without reafpn, to be the 
 befl: in the world. The markets of New 
 York and Philadelphia receive a very 
 conTiderable proportion of their fupplies 
 from the contiguous parts of New Jerfey. 
 Thefe fupplies confifl: of vegetables of 
 many kinds, apples, pears, peaches, plums, 
 flrawberries, cherries and other fruits ; 
 cider in large quantities, butter, chccfe, 
 beef, pork, mutton, and the lefl'er meats. 
 The trade is carried on almofl folely with 
 and from thofe two great commercial cit- 
 ies, N. York on one fide, and Philadel- 
 phia on the other: though it wants not 
 good ports of its own. ManufacHrures 
 have hitherto been inconfiderable, not 
 fufRcient to fupply its own confump- 
 tion, if we except the articles of iron, 
 nails, and leather. A fpirit of induftry 
 and improvement, particularly in manu- 
 fadlures, has however, of late, greatly in- 
 creafed. The iron manufa(flure is, of all 
 others, the greateft fource of wealth to. 
 
 th^ 
 
NEW 
 
 N E W 
 
 the State. Iron works are ere<lft^ed in 
 Gioucefter, Burlington, SufTex, Morris, 
 and other counties. The mountains In 
 tlie CO. of Morris give rife to a number 
 of dreams, necefTary and convenient for 
 thcfe works, and at the fame time furnilli 
 a copious fupply of wood and ore of a 
 fupcrior quality. In this county alone 
 are no lefs than 7 rich iron mints, from 
 which might be taken ore fufficient to 
 fupply the United States ; and to work it 
 into iron, there are two furnaces, 2 rolling 
 and flitting mills, and about 30 forges, 
 containing from 2 to 4 fires each. Thefc 
 works produce annually about 540 ton? 
 of bar iron, 800 tons of pigs, befides large 
 quantities of hollow ware, flieet iron, and 
 nail rods. In the whole State iws ^'l>~ 
 pofed there is yearly made abowt i2CO 
 tons of bar iron, 1200 do. of pigs, 80 do. 
 of nail-rods, exclulive of hollow ware, 
 and various other cartings, of which vafl: 
 quantities are made. The inhabitants 
 are a collection of Low Dutch, Germans, 
 Engliili, Scotch, IrlA, and New England- 
 crs, and their dcfcendants. National at- 
 tachment, and mutual convenience, have 
 generally induced thefe feveral kinds of 
 people to fettle together in a body, and 
 in this way their peculiar national man- 
 ners, cuftoms and character are flill pre- 
 fcrved, efpecially among the poorer clafs 
 of people, who have little intercourfe 
 with any but thofe of their own nation. 
 The people of N. Jerfey are generally in- 
 duftrious, frugal and hofpitable. There 
 are in this State about 50 Prefbytcrian 
 congregations, fubjecSl to the care of 3 
 Preftyteries ; befides upwards of 40 con- 
 gregations of Friends, 30 of Baptifts, 25 
 of F.pifcopalians, 28 of Dutch Reformed, 
 befides Methcdifts, and a fettlemeut of 
 Moravians. All thefe religious denomi- 
 nations live together In peace and harnio- 
 By ; and are allowed, by the conftitutioii 
 of the State, to worfliip Almighty God 
 agreeably to the dictates of their ov/n 
 confciences. The college at Princeton, 
 called Naffau Hall, has been under the 
 care of a fucceihon of Prefidcnts, eminent 
 for piety and learning ; and has furnilhed 
 a number of Civilians, Divines, and Phy- 
 ficians, of tlie Urd rank in America. It 
 has confiderahle funds, is under excellent 
 regulations, and has generally from 80 to 
 100 ftudents, principally from the fouth- 
 crn States. There are academies at Free- 
 hold, Trenton, Hackinfak, Orangedale, 
 Elizabeth-Town, Burlington, and New- 
 ark; itiid grammar fchools at Springfield, 
 
 Mi)rriflown, Bordentown, and Amboy, 
 There are a numbci of towns in this 
 State nearly of equal fjzc and importance, 
 and none that has more than 300 houfe* 
 eompadlly built. Trenton is one of the 
 largeft, and the capital of the State. I'hc 
 other principal towns arc Brunfv.'ick, 
 Burlington, Amhoy, Bordentown, Prince- 
 town, Elizabeth Town, Newark, and 
 Morriftown. This State was the feat of 
 war for fevcral years, during the bloody 
 contefl: betweea (ireat Britain and Amer- 
 ica. Her lol>t;s bG^h of men and proper- 
 ty, in proportion to the population and 
 wealth of the State, was greater than of 
 any other of the Thirteen States. When 
 Gen. V»'"aniington was retreathig through 
 the Jerfies, almoft forfakcn by ail others, 
 her militia were at all times obedient to 
 his orders, and, for a confiderahle length 
 of time, compofed the (trength of his 
 army. There is hardly a town in the 
 State that lay In the progrefs of the Brlt- 
 iih army, that was not rendered fignal, 
 by fome euterprife or exploit. The ex- 
 ports from this State in 1801, amounted 
 to 26,227 dollars. 
 
 JV"c"K7 Jerfey C'.mpav.ys Gravt of Lands 
 lies on the E fide of Miffifippi River ; S 
 of Illinois, and N W of the Army lands, 
 which form the traA lliapcd by the con- 
 fluence of Ohio with Mijlillppi. 
 
 Neiv Ksnt, a CO of Virginia, bounded 
 on the S fide of Pamunky and York riv- 
 ers. It is about 33 miles long, and 17, 
 broad, and contains 2,74 r free inhabitants, 
 and 3,622 fiaves. New Ken: court hotfc 
 is 30 miles from Richmond, and as f^r 
 from Williamlburg. At the court houfc 
 is a pofl office. 
 
 Keiv Lthannn, a village in the townfliip 
 of Canaan, Columbia co. N. York, cele- 
 brated for its medicinal fprings. The 
 compact part of this town Is pleafaotly 
 fxtuatcvi partly in an extenilvc valley, and 
 partly on the declivity of the furroundit!g 
 liiils. The fpring is on the S tide, and 
 near the bottom of a gentle h'il, but a 
 few rods W of the MaffHehufcttb' W line, 
 and is furroundtd with feveral gooci houf- 
 es, which afford convenient accommodH- 
 tlons for the valetudiaarians v/ho vifit 
 thefe waters. Concerning fhe mcdlciaal 
 virtues of this fpring. Dr. Waterhoufe, 
 Profefibr of the theory and prac^lice of 
 phyuc, at Harvard Univeruty, and who 
 viiited it the fummer of 1794, obferves, 
 " I conftfs myfelf at a lofs to determine 
 the contents of thefe waters by chymieat 
 analvili, or anv t>f thie ordinary tcfts. I 
 
 ' ' lufpca 
 
NEW 
 
 N E Vt 
 
 fufpedl their Impregnation is from fomc 
 caufe weakened. Excepting from their 
 warmth, which is about that of new milk, 
 I never iliould have fufpetfted them to 
 come under the head of medicinal waters. 
 They are ufed for the various purpofcs 
 of cookery, and for common drink by 
 the neighbours, and I never could difcov- 
 er any other effeAs from drinking them, 
 than what we might expecSl from rain or 
 river water of that temperature. There 
 was no vifiblc change produced in this 
 water by the addition of aa alkali, nor 
 by a foludon of allum ; nor was any ef- 
 fervefcence raifed by the oil of vitriol; 
 neither did it change the colours of gold, 
 filvcr, or copper ; nor did it red ien beef 
 or mutton boiled in it ; nor did it extract 
 a black tinclure from galh : neither did 
 it curdle milk, the whites of eggi or fo,ip. 
 The quality of the waters of the pool at 
 Lebanon is. therefore, very diflcrent from 
 thofe of Saratoga. Thtle are warm and 
 warmifh, thofe very cold, fmart, and ex- 
 hilcrating. Frogs are found in the pool 
 of Lebanon, and plants grow and flour- 
 jfli in and around it ; but plants will not 
 grow within the vapour of thofe of Sara- 
 toga, and as for fmall animals, they foon 
 expire in it. Hence we conclude that 
 t\mt /jblritus minerals, which fome call ae- 
 rial acid, or fixed air, abounds in the one, 
 but not in the other. Yet the Lebanon pool 
 is famous for having wrought many cures, 
 cfpccially in rheumatifms, ftifF joints, 
 Icabby eruptions, and even in vifceral 
 obftruc^ions and indigeflions; all of which 
 is very probable. If a perfon who has 
 brought on a train of chronic complaints, 
 by intemperance in eating and drinking, 
 fliould fwallow 4 or 5 quarts of rain or 
 river water in a day, he would not feel 
 fo keen an appetite for animal food, or 
 thirfl for fpirituous liquors. Hence fuch 
 a courfe of water drinking will open ob- 
 flrudliions, rinfe out impurities, render 
 pcrfplration free, and thus remove that 
 unnatural load from the animal machine, 
 which caufes and keeps up its diforders. 
 Poffil/ly, however, there may he fomttbing 
 fo fubtle in thefe waters as to eiuae the 
 fcrutinizing hand of the chymifts, fmcc 
 they all allow that the analyhs of mineral 
 Avaters is one among the moft difficu't 
 things in the chymical art." A Ibciety 
 of Shakcix inhabit the S part of the town 
 in two fettk-ments, one of which is iu j 
 view of the main ftage-road, which palles | 
 through thii town. Their manufd*flurts j 
 of various kinds are confid^rable, and 
 
 very neat and excellent. It is %o mif«» 
 E bv S of Albany, 103 N of New York, 
 and'6 W of Pittsfield. 
 
 N>"iv Lebanon, 2i poft town. Camden co- 
 N. Carolina, ay 9 miles from Wafliington. 
 Ncivlin^i. towndiip inChtiter cc. Penti- 
 iylvania, on the Brandy wine. 
 
 Nuiv London^ a maritime county of Con- 
 nccfticut, comprehending the S F. corner 
 of it, bordering E on Rhode Tfiand, and 
 S on Long Ifland Sound, about "^o miies 
 from E to W, and 24 from N to S. It 
 was fettled foon after the lirft fcttlement* 
 were formed on Conneifticut River ; and 
 is divided into 11 townlliips, cf which 
 New London and Norwich are the chief. 
 It contained in 1756, 22,844 inhabitants, 
 of whom 829 were Haves; in 1800, 
 34,S88,'bf whom 209 were llavcfl. 
 
 Neiv-Londorij a. city, port of entry, arid 
 poft town in the above county, and one 
 of the moft connderablc commercial towns 
 in the State. It ftands on the W fide o? 
 the river Thames, about 3 rnilcs from its 
 entrance into the Sound, and is defended 
 by Fort Trumbull and Fort Grifwold, 
 die one on the New-London, the other on 
 the Groton fide of the Thames. A con- 
 liderable part of the town was burnt; 
 by Bcncdidt Arnold in 17 81, It has fincc 
 been rebuilt. Here are two places of 
 public worOiip, one for Epifcopalians, and 
 one for Congregationalift?, about 300 
 dwelling-houfes, and 4,600 inhabitants. 
 The hc^rbour is large, fafe and commodi- 
 ous, and has 5 fathoms water ; high wa- 
 ter at full and change, 54 minutes after 8, 
 On the W llde of the entrance is a light- 
 houfe, oa a point of land which ^jrojtdls 
 confidcra'ily into the Sound. The ex- 
 ports for a year ending September 30th, 
 1794, amounted to 557,453 dollars. In 
 that year 1,000 mules were fliipped for 
 the Weft-Indies. It is 14 miles fouth of 
 Norwich, 54 S E by S of Hartford, 54 E 
 of New-Haven, and 137 N E hy E of 
 Philadelphia. N lat. 41 25, W long. 7* 
 15. The tov-nfiiip of New-London was 
 laid <vat in lots in 1648, but had a few 
 
 ; EngliPihrhabitants two years before. It 
 was called by the Indians Nameag or Toiw 
 
 >\ 3ivcgy r».rd from being the feat of the Pe- 
 
 '•^ quoc tribe, was called Feguot. It was the 
 feat of Sajhcus, the grand monarch of 
 Long iHand, and part of Conueclicut and 
 
 [ Narraganfet. 
 
 j Neiv-London^ a fmall townfliip in Hillf- 
 
 I borough CO. New-Hamplliire, incorporat- 
 ed in 1779, '^'^^ contains 6i7 inhabitants. 
 It lies at the head of lilackwater River, 
 
 and 
 
^j E W 
 
 NEW 
 
 T^nd about 3 miles from the N E fide of 
 G an a pee Lake. 
 
 iV>iy London, a pcfl: town of Campbell 
 CO. Virginia, It (lands upon rifing 
 ground, and contains about 130 houfes, 
 A court-houfc and ,e;aol. There Avtre 
 here in the late war feX'-eral work-fliops 
 for repairing fire-aims, and here is now a 
 tnagazine of arms, and a flourifliing acad- 
 emy. It is 133 miles W by S of Rich- 
 mond, 15 sv W of PeterCburg, and 393 S 
 W by W of Philadelphia. 
 
 N'jiv Madt id, in the northern part of 
 Louifiana, is a fettlement on the W bank 
 of the MiAidppi, commenced feme years 
 ago, and ccndudtcd by Co!. Morgf^n of 
 New Jerfey, under the patronage of the 
 Spanlih king. The fpot on which the 
 city was propofed to be built is fituated 
 in lat. 36 and 30 N, ard 45 miles below 
 the mouth of Ohio river. The limit'^ of 
 the new city of ^^ull•id were to extend 
 4 miles S, and 7. W from the river; fo as 
 to crofs a bcjudful, living, deep lake, of 
 the pureft fpring water, ico yards wide, 
 and fcveral miles in length, emptying it- 
 fcif, by a conftant and rapid narrow 
 fir earn, through the centre of the city. 
 The banks of this lake, called St. Annis, 
 are high, beautiful and pleafant ; the 
 water deep, clear and Tweet, and well 
 flored with filli ; the bottom a clear fand, 
 free from woods, fnrubs, or other vegeta- 
 bles. On each fide of this delightful lake, 
 ftreets were to be laid out, 100 fett wide, 
 and a road to he continued round it, of 
 the fame breadth ; and the (Ireets were 
 directed to be preferved forever, for the 
 health and plcafure of the citizens. A 
 fireet lao feet wide, on tlic bank of the 
 MilTiuppi, was laid out; and tlie trots 
 \'.-ere directed to be preferved for the 
 fame; purpofe. Twelve acrCvS, in a central 
 psrt of the city, were to be preferved in 
 like manner, to be ornamented, regulated, 
 and improved by the magifazicy of the 
 city for public walks ; azid 40 half-acre 
 lots for other public ufes: and one lot 
 of 1 2 acres for the king's ui'e. We do not 
 hear that this fchemc is profecuting, and 
 conclude it is given up. The country in 
 the vicinity of this intended city is rcp- 
 refented 33 excellent, and, in many parts, 
 beyond defcription. The natural growth 
 confifts of m.ulberry, locufl, falTafras, wal- 
 nut, hickory, oak, afli, dogwood, &c. with 
 one or more grape-vines running up al- 
 mofl: every tree ; and the grapes yield, 
 from experiments, good red wine in plen- 
 ty, ?nd with little labour. In fonie of 
 
 V©t. I. Z I 
 
 the low grounds grow large cyprcfs ttee§. 
 The climate is faid to be favourable to. 
 health, and to the culfire of fruits of va- 
 rious kinds, particularly for garden vege- 
 tables. The prairesor meadows are fer- 
 tile in grafs, flowering plants, ftrawber- 
 Hes, and when cultivated produce good 
 I crops of wheat, barley, Indian corn, flax, 
 jl hemp, and tobacco, .-md are eafily tilled. 
 I { Iron and lead m.ines and f:dt fprings, it is 
 i! afTerted, are found in fuch plenty as to 
 }j afford an abundant fnpply of thefe nc- 
 j 1 cefTary articles. The banks of the MilG- 
 ' ! fippi, fv;r many leagues in extent, com- 
 
 I mencing about 20 miler. above the mouth 
 j of the Ohio, are a contiiiucd chain of 
 Ij lime-ftone. A fine trad; of high, rich, 
 
 II level land, S W, W, and N W of New 
 jj Madrid, about 25 miles wide, extends 
 1 1 quite to the river St. Francis. 
 
 TLtvmunfoiun, Pennfyivania, in Dau- 
 phin CO. on the E fide of Mill Creek, It 
 contains about 40 lioufes, and is 14 miles 
 E by N of Karrifoarg, and 7 2 N W by W 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Netvmarht, a pod town in Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampihire, N of Exeter, of which 
 it was formerly a part, rnd 13 miles W 
 of Portfmouth. It was incorporated in 
 1727, and contains 1027 inhabitants. 
 Foflll flie'ls have been found near I^am- 
 prey river in this town, at the depth of 
 17 feet ; and in fuch a fituation as that 
 the bed of the river could never have 
 been there. The ihells were of oyflcrs, 
 mufcles, and clams intermixed. 
 
 Neivsaarht, a village in Frederick co, 
 Maryland, on the high road to Frederickf- 
 tovvn, from which it lies nearlv 13 miles 
 W S W and about 36 N W of the Federal 
 City. Here is a poit cScc. 
 
 NewmavLei, a village in Dorchefter co. 
 Maryland, 3 miles N E of Indian Town, 
 Qi> Choptank river, 9 N E cf Cambridge, 
 and as far N W of Vienna. 
 
 Meivmarhct, in Shenandoah co. Virgin- 
 ia, containing 100 houfes, 20 miles S V^ 
 of Woodltock. The inhabitants of this 
 town and Vv'oodflock are Germans. 
 
 Netvmatket, a pofttown in Virginia, Am- 
 herfl: co. on the N fide of James river, at 
 the mouth of Tye river. It is a fmall 
 place, contains a tobacco warelioufe, and 
 is ICO miles above Richmond, and 378 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 N^ivmarhd^ a pofl tovvm, Pvofj co.'Oliio, 
 465 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Netv-Marlborough, a tOAVnfilip ia Ulficr 
 CO. N. York. See Mntlhorpu^h. 
 
 NetO'Maylkoroi'gh^ Berkfiiire co. MafTa- 
 chufetts. 
 
NEW 
 
 N E W 
 
 d^iufctts, 23 irjiles fouthwaid cf Lcnot. 
 
 Ncw-Marlbircugb^ a town in King 
 Ceorge's CO. Virginia, on the W fide of 
 Patowmac river, 10 miles E of Falmouth. 
 
 Nciv-Meaduivs River, Maine, a water 
 of Cafco Bay, navigable for vclTels of a 
 confideraule burden a fmall diftance. 
 
 NciV'Mixico. See Mexico. 
 
 Nc-dt'-M:lfoic/, a pofl town of Connec- 
 ticut, Litchfic;ld co. on the E fide ct liou- 
 fatonick river, about i5 miles N of Dan- 
 bury, 20 S W of Litchfield, and 52 W 
 by S W of Hartford. The town contains 
 about 500 hoiifesja church for Epifcopa- 
 lians, I for Congregationalifts, i for Pre f- 
 bytcrians, I forBaptifts.and i for Quakers. 
 Alfa 7 forges, which raanufadlare annu- 
 ally 3C0 tons of iron, bcfides hollow ware. 
 
 New- MHfard, a poft town at the head 
 •f the tide on Shcepfcut river, Lincoln 
 CO. Maine, 10- miles N W of Wifcafler. 
 
 Nenv- Mills ^ Burlington co. H. Jerfey. 
 Here is a pofl oIHce. 
 
 NciunbdiVy Copt. See Ncivcnham. 
 
 NeiV' North-Wales. See Wales, and 
 Jfeiv-Brltain. 
 
 Nciv-Orhans, the capital of Louifiana, 
 13 fjtuated dire^Slly on the E bank of the 
 Miffifippi, 105 miles, according to Hutch- 
 in."!, from the mouth of the river, (later 
 accounts fay 95,) and 18 miles from 
 the lower point of a bend in the courfe 
 of the river called "I-e Detour des An- 
 glois," or Euglilli Turn, where the bend 
 13 fo great that veflels cannot pafs with 
 the fame wind that condu(5led them to it. 
 Lat. 30 a N, long. 89 si W. " Nothing 
 wich certainty can be determined rerpedb-" 
 ing the time a vdlel may take in lailing 
 from the Baliae to New Orleans, a dif- 
 tance of 105 miles. With favour,iblc 
 winds the voyage has been performed in 
 3 or 4, but it generally takes 7 or 8 days, 
 and fomctimes i or 3 weeks. There is, 
 always llioal water near the low points 
 of land covered with willow?. In ap- 
 proaching them a few cafts of the lead 
 will bs ueceffary, and in ieve.'^al places 
 there are trees fixed with one end in the 
 l)att«m>and the other a little below the 
 furfacc of the river, and in the fame di- 
 re<ftton with the current, whicJi by con- 
 tinual fricln»n of the water arc i educed 
 ro a point, and as there are inftaaccs of 
 .-clTels fai'ing with force againft them, 
 r.eing ren through their bottoms, and 
 iiakiug immediately, too much caic can- 
 rrut be taken to avoid them. Attention 
 iliculd alfo be paid to keep clear of the 
 ife<» iioatiiia dowii the river during the 
 
 floods * The water is every where dicj^" 
 enough (except at the willow points) tor 
 admit vcffels cloic to either fiiore, where 
 
 inftead of ietti 
 
 ng go an anc! 
 
 which 
 
 would probably be loft among the log* 
 funk in the bottom of the river, vefiels 
 may fafc.'y make fafl: to trees on the 
 bank, which are generally tall, and iu 
 fuch abundance in fome parts, that they 
 prevent the winds frcm being of that fer- 
 vice to vcl'^els in afccnding the Miffiilppi, 
 that might be expecfted. It will therefore 
 be neceflary for the fake of expedition, 
 to rigg as many topfaiis as poflabie, which' 
 commonly reach above the trees, and are 
 of more ufe than all the other fails togeth- 
 er. However, care n\uft be taken to fland 
 by the halyards, to prevent the wind, 
 which frequently comes in very ftrong 
 puff*, from cairying aw^ay the topraafts, 
 fails, &c." Mutchins. 
 
 Tiie town is regularly laid out, the 
 flreets running at right angles, very nar- 
 row, and but few of them paved. There 
 were,, in 1788, i,iOO houfes in this town, 
 generally built with timber frames, railed 
 about 8 feet from the ground, with large 
 galleries round thera, and the cellars un- 
 der the floors level with the ground; 
 any fubtcrraneous Ivuildings would be 
 conftantly full of water, Moft of the 
 houfeg have gardens. In March, 1788, 
 this town, by a fire, was reduced in 5 
 hours to aoo houfes. It has fincc been 
 rebuilt. The houfes built fince the 
 lafl: fire are principally of brick, with fla- 
 ted roofs. In confequence of the foftnefi 
 of the bricks, the houfes built of them 
 arc phlftered on the outfide with a tliick 
 coat of mortar, and then painted or white- 
 wafbed. Tiiefe houfes are generally of i 
 ftories, (2 only very handfonte are of 3 
 ftorics) and without common cellars.- 
 All the old houfes of wood, are of i. (lo- 
 ry, raifed from the ground to make arti- 
 ' ficial 
 
 * "/< is Imptjfihle to anchor tvithout being; 
 expvfcd to danger from the great trees, ivhiclt 
 frequently come doivn ivith the cut rent, but 
 more efpecially at the time of the foods, ivhicb^- 
 if any of them fjould come athivart haxvfe, 
 iv'juld m of probably dri-oe in the boivs of the 
 irefel ; and there is a certainty of lofiiig the 
 anchors, as the bottom of the river is leryfoft 
 mud, covered ivith funken logs. This points^ 
 out the impnfftb'dlty for liffels to navigate up- 
 on the M'fifppi, unlifs they are per»iitted t» 
 make f of to the fhore ; and no 'vcjfel can he f aid' 
 to e:rjoy the free navigation of the ri'oer, if de- 
 prived of this necejfary privilege, * Hutchins. 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 j5cial cellars. A few of the houfes have 
 piazzas. The public buildin<^s are a 
 handfome Catholic church, a Govern- 
 ment houfe for the accommodation of 
 the governor and his fuite, a calabozo or 
 prifon, which alio fervcs as a court houfe, 
 a conveiit, barracks for the foidiers, king's 
 hofpital, and one built for the reception 
 of lunatics, and a very fma!', inconvenient 
 market houfe. Real eftate is extremely 
 valuable, and rents are fomething higher 
 ihaxi in any part of the United States. 
 The fide next the river is open, and is fe- 
 cured from the inundations of the river, 
 by a raifed bank, generally called the le- 
 vee, which extends from the Engiilirrurn, 
 to the upper fcttlements of the Germans, 
 a diftance of more than 50 miles. N E 
 of the town are large marllies, occalioned 
 principally by a gr?dual defeent, which 
 is found from the bank of the river to 
 tlie back part of the town. This circum- 
 ftance tends to render the town unAvhole- 
 fome in fummer and autumn, cfpccially 
 to ftrangero, but the inhabitants are nev- 
 er afflidtcd by the epidemic difeafes which 
 prevail among foreigners, and live to as 
 great ages as the inhabitants of the north- 
 ern parts of the United States. Intempe- 
 rance is the forerunner and principal 
 caufe of the deaths of many of the weft- 
 em people, who carry down the produce, 
 and indeed a lingle debauch is often found 
 to throw the moft robuft conftitution into 
 a fever which frequently ends fatally; 
 more efpecially with perfons of plethoric 
 habits. There is a communication from 
 lake Ponchartrain to the town,bv means 
 of the bnvouk or creek, St. John, which 
 runs from the lake a courfe of 6 miles, 
 till it goes within % miles of the towr. 
 A bar at'the entrance of this creeh pre- 
 vents vciTels ot more thaii 3 to 4 feet 
 draught of water from entering, bnt num- 
 bers of fmall craft from Mobile, Penfa- 
 cola, and the adjacent country, bring their 
 tar, lime, &.c. to market by means of this 
 communication. From the Eayouk to the 
 town is a canal of about a miles in length, 
 navigable for fmall boats only, which 
 was dug about the year 17 9 Z, by order 
 of the Baron de Carondclet, who was 
 then Governor, and called by his name. 
 At the mouth of the 13ayouk, where it en- 
 ters into the lake, is a fmall fort of 6 guns. 
 A number of ftreams which empty into 
 the lake from the N Is fide, water a rich 
 and fertile part of W. Florida, as yet but 
 thinly inhabited, capable of producing 
 *:ot£un, corn, indi^o^ &c. In this part the 
 
 land is higher than on the banks ef th^ 
 Miffifippij and does not require the affift- 
 ance of dyk;c8. In the year 1802, the 
 principal agg'-egate exports of American 
 JSpanilh produce have been eftimated at, 
 
 30,000 bales cotton, value 0.2,000,000 
 8,000 hhds. fugar, do. 480,00© 
 
 90,000 bbls, flour, do. 400,000 
 
 Total, D. 2,880,009 
 
 There were alfo exported this year of 
 former crops, abput 3OO,00olb. indigo, 
 value D.300,000. Coniiderable quantities 
 of deer fkins, and fome furs, are alfo ex- 
 ported ; alfo tobacco, fait beef and pork, 
 hams, lard, &c. from the Illinois and Ohio 
 rivers. Of the cotton which is exported, 
 about one half may be calculated as 
 American produce, and the flour entirely 
 fo, as well as the tobacco, fait provifions, 
 &c. The fugar cane is entirely SpanilK 
 produce, none being raifed in the Ameri- 
 can fcttlements, and it is faid to come to 
 maturity in one half the time that it does 
 in any part of the W. Indies. There is 
 a road, which is very good for travelling 
 on horfeback, and paflable for light car- 
 riages from the Englifli Turn, as far as 
 Natchcs, by the banks of the river. A 
 bar at the principal entrance of the Mif- 
 fifippi, renders it extremely hazardous for 
 vcOcls of more than 13 feet draught of 
 water to attempt the pais. On the mouth 
 of the river, on the LouiGana flde, is h 
 blockhouie, formerly garrifoned and call- 
 ed Fort Balife, now merely a rcfidcnce 
 for the pilots, who are regulated by an 
 officer authorifcd by the government. 
 The pilots are of the loweH; order of peo- 
 ple, and 20 dollars is paid for the pilot- 
 age of every veflel, large or fmall, through 
 the pafs, of about one mile and a half. 
 The face of the country is entirely uncul- 
 tivated and marfliy, as far -as Fort Placa- 
 mina, ■},o miles from the mouth of the riv- 
 er. This fort is garrifoned, and mount* 
 a few gufis. It is cuftomary for the com- 
 mander of this fort to examine the papers 
 of all vefTels that pafs, and to take cogni- 
 zance of any which are found tranfgrcf- 
 fing the laws of the country. A cuftom- 
 houfe officer is alfo always rclident at the 
 moutii of the river, for the purpofe of 
 examining vciTels. After paffing Fort 
 Placamina, the country aflumes a more 
 improved appearance, and within 30 or 4'«> 
 miles of the town, the banks of the river 
 are thickly fettled, and many very 
 large and expenllve fugnr works are 
 fceu in paffing up the river. Cottoa 
 
N E W 
 
 N E W 
 
 fis cultivated above the town. Ore it 
 quantities of live oak and cypr.f^i trc;s 
 are to be found in every pvrt of the coun- 
 try. The veficls Avhith Idi) up the Miffi- 
 lippi haul clofe along liJc tlic bank next 
 to New Orleans, to v.^hich they make fall, 
 and take in or difcaarge their cargoes 
 with the fame eafe as at a wharf. The 
 foil on the banks ol' the MiiTiiippi, is 
 probably a3 rich and productive as any 
 in the known world. The cotton plant, 
 and fugar cane, grow. almofi without la- 
 bour. It has i)cfcn the calculation of the 
 cotton planters, for Ibmc years pafi, that 
 each hand they could cinploy, fliould 
 produce them from 300 to 400 dollars 
 annually. Some j'lantations have gone 
 far beyond this, and one inftance was 
 known, that two men, by their own la- 
 bour, in one year produced cotton that 
 fold for 2 coo dolhirs. The importation 
 of Haves has been for feme years pafl for- 
 bidden, by the Spanifli government, under 
 very hf avy penalties ; and ahhough fome 
 have been introduced, ftil! the prohibition 
 has tended to eniiance the price of them 
 extremely ; (fay iVom 700 to 1,200 dollars 
 each.) Tlie water of the river i-; the on- 
 ly water that is or can be ui'ed ; it is v^ry 
 agreeable and vvholefome, although when 
 taken from the river, efpccially in the 
 time of high tides, it has a vcjy muddy 
 and dirty appearance. It is efteemed the 
 befi: in the world for keeping at fea, and 
 becomes clear and limpid after fettling a 
 few hours, although filtering floncs are 
 generally ufed by thnfj; who can afford 
 them. The river begins to rif^ about the 
 ift of March, and to fall about the id 
 of June. The perpendicular rife at 
 Natches is faid to be 60 feet. The mar- 
 ket is fuppiicd Vv'ith vy'ild fowl and poul- 
 try of every kind ; at the proper feafons 
 feveral kinds of fine fiCi, oyilers, which 
 are pafTable, and beef, veal, pork, and 
 mutton in abun-dance,as well as vegetables 
 of every dcfcrip'ion. 'J'he cattle are very 
 tine and Ia:ne, though net fat, v.'liicli nuiH: 
 be more owir.g to the want of attention 
 than any other caiif,-. The price of beef 
 fold in tlic market is limited by the po- 
 lice at one fixteenth of a dollar per pound, 
 and other animal food in proportion- 
 Moft of the tropical irults grow heic 1.1 
 great abundance. The t^p inifli govcr!i- 
 ment at New OrlcanSj till its late cefhon 
 to the [J. States, included Louifiana and I 
 Fic^rida. The governor (if the province it 
 refided at St. Auguftinc in Eafi Florida, j 
 The government at Mew Orleans was of ij 
 
 the fame kind as in all the other Spanifk 
 colonies, the governor being commander- 
 in chief of tlve military force, and ab- 
 folutc jud^e in civil affairs in general, 
 with a faiary va lieu of all pcrqiiifues, of 
 4.CC0 dollars per annum. The intcndant, 
 had the independent regulation of all 
 matters toucldng the commerce or the 
 colony. The inhabitants are principally 
 of French extraction, and fpeak that lan- 
 guage#^ Ihe officers of government and 
 the troops were entirely Spaniils ; thofe, 
 with a coniiderabic number of Engiiia 
 and Americans, confiitute the population 
 of Louifiana, and Weft Florida. The in- 
 habitants of the port of J^ev/ Orleans, arc 
 eftimated to amount (iSoz) to lo or 
 1 1, coo. Tt^e number cannot be exa6l!y 
 afcertaincdj as no ccnfa^ has been taken. 
 
 Jpay/ie. 
 
 There is rcafon to believe that in a 
 fliort time, New Orleans; will become a 
 great and opulent city, if wc confider the 
 advantages of its fituation, but a few 
 leagues from the id, on a noble river, in 
 a mofl fertile country, under a moft de- 
 lightful and wholefoms clisnate, within a 
 weeks fail of Mexico, and fnll nearer the 
 French, Spaniili, and Britifli Well India 
 ifiauda, v/itli a moral certainty of its be- 
 coming a general receptacle for the pro- 
 duce of that exteuilve and valuable coun- 
 try on the MifTifippi, Ohio, and its other 
 branches ; all which are much more than 
 fufficieut to enfure the future wealth, 
 power, and proiperity of this city, efpec- 
 irJly as it is ncv/ Ir the pofTefiiou of the 
 United States. 
 
 NtTJ Pdliz, a townTnip in Ulfter co. 
 N. York, bounded E by Hudfon river, 
 S by Marlborough and .Shav.angunk. It 
 contains j,2SS inhabitants, including 308 
 flavcs. The compa<Sl part of it is on the E * 
 fide of Wall-Kill, and ccmtains about 250 
 houfcs and a Dutch church, 10 miles from 
 Shawangunk, 14 S of Kingflon, 20 S V/" 
 of Rhincbcck, and 80 N of New York. 
 
 Ndivjjoit.A townlhip of Nova Sc^.tia, in 
 Hants CO, on the river Avon. 1 he road 
 frovn Halifax runs.part of the way bc- 
 tv/ecu tiiis townlhip and "NVindlbr ; and 
 has ftttlcments on it at certain di fiances, 
 
 Neirfort, a towniliip in Cheflnre co. N. 
 Hanipihirc, E of Claremont, incorporated 
 ', and ccntains 1266 inhabitants. 
 / /,a m^iritime co.of Rhode Illand, 
 i-Oij.'.(.. lending Rhode illand, Canonicut, 
 Bloclc, Prudence, and fcvcral otlier fmall 
 iflands. It is divided into 7 townihips, 
 and contaiiis H-M5 i"iiabitani!i. 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 Newport, the chief town of this co. and 
 the femi-metropolis of the State of Rhode 
 Ifland, ftands on the S W end of Rhode 
 Ifland, 5 miles from the fea. Its harbour, 
 (which is one of the finefl: in the world) 
 fpreads wedward before the town. The 
 entrance is eafy and fafe, and a large fleet 
 may anchor in it and ride in perfed; fa- 
 curity. It is probable this may, in fome 
 future period, become one of tie man-of- 
 war ports of the American empire. The 
 town lies N and S upon a gradual afcent 
 as you proceed eaflward from the water, 
 3nd exhibits a beautiful view from the 
 harbour, and from the neighbouring hills 
 which lie weftward upon the main. W 
 of the town is Goat Ifland, on which is 
 Fort Waflxington. It has been lately re- 
 paired and a citadel eretSeJ on it. The 
 fort has been ceded to the U. States. Be- 
 tween Goat Ifland and R. Iiland is the 
 harbour. Newport contains about 1,000 
 b'jufes, built chiefly of wood, and 6,739 
 inhabitants. It has 10 houfes for public 
 worfliip, 4 for Baptifts, '2, for Congrega- 
 tionalifts, i for Epifcopalians, i for Qua- 
 kers, I for Moravians, and x for Jev.s. 
 The other public buildings arc a ftate- 
 houfc, and an edilice for the public libra- 
 ry. The fituation, form and architeift- 
 ure of the fl:ate-houfe, give it a pleaiiug 
 appearance. It fiands fu^licicntly eleva- 
 ted, and a long wharf and paved parade 
 lead up to it from the harbour. Front 
 or Water ftreet is a mile in length. Here 
 is an academy, under the direcSlion of a 
 rector and tutors, who teach the learned 
 languages, Englilli granimar, geography, 
 &c. A marine fociety was cftabliilied 
 here in 1753, for the relief of diflrefled 
 widows and orphans, and fuch o»' their 
 fociety as may need relief. This city, 
 far famed for the beauty of its htuation, 
 ;'.nd the falubrity of its climate, is no Jefs 
 remarkable for the gre-it variety and ex- 
 cellent equality of frefli iifli which the mar- 
 ket furniflies at all feafons of the year. 
 No Itfs than 60 difl'erenl kinds have been 
 produced in this market. The cscellent 
 accommodations and regulations of ti)e 
 numerous packets, which belong to this 
 port, and which ply thence to Providence 
 and N. York, are worthy of notice. They 
 are faid, by European travellers, to be 
 fuperior to any thing of the kind in Eu- 
 rope. This town, although greatly in- 
 jured by the late war, has a confiderable 
 trade. A cotton and duck manufactory 
 liave been lately eftabhflied. The exports 
 .-or a year, ending Sept. 30, 1794, amount- 
 
 \ cd to 311,200 dollars. It was firfl fettJcd 
 by Mr. William Coddington, afterward* 
 governor, and the father of Rhode Uland, 
 with 17 others, in 1630. It is 30 miles S 
 by E of Providence, 14 S E of Eriftol, 75 
 S W by S of Bofion, 113 E N E of New 
 Haven, and 292 N E by E of Philadelphia. 
 N lat. 41 29, W long, from Greenwich, 7 1 
 
 17. 
 
 Newport, a tovvnflnp in L. Canada, 20 
 miles E of Afcot, having about 30 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Newport, a fmall pofl: town in Newcaf- 
 tle CO. Delaware; on the N fide of Chrif- 
 tiana Creek, 3 uiilcs W of Wilmington. 
 It contains about 200 inhabitants, and 
 carries on a confiderable trade with Phil- 
 adelphia, in flour. It is 6 miles N E by 
 N of Chriftiana Bridge, and 31 S W of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Ntiiiport, a townfliip in Luzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania, on the S E fide of the E 
 branch of the Sufquehannah,beiow Wilkf- 
 borough. 
 
 Newport^ a fraall pofl town in Charles 
 CO. Maryland, 1 T miles S E of Port To- 
 bacco, 94 S bv W of Baltimore, and 195 
 S W of Piiiladelphia. 
 
 Newport. See Ifie of Wiglt County J Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Neil forty a very thriving fettlement in 
 Liberty co. Georgia, fituated on a navi- 
 gable creek, 34 milts S of Savannah, and 
 7 or 8 S of W from Sunbury. This place, 
 conm.only known by the name of Neiv- 
 port Bridge, is the rival of Sunbury, and 
 commands the principal part of the trade 
 of the whole county. A pofl cflice is 
 kept here. 
 
 Ncivport, Cocke CO. Tenneflee. Here 
 is a pou ofiice, 529 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Ndiv River. See Kanhanaiva. 
 
 Neiv Mi-ver, in U. Canada, afterwards 
 called thel^a Tranche, now the Thames, 
 by proclamation of July, 1792. Smith. 
 
 Nil) Rodille, a poft town in W. Chef- 
 ter CO. N. York, on Long Ifland Sound. 
 It contained 692 inhabitants, of whom 89 
 were flavet, in 1790. In 1796, there were 
 100 of the inhabitants qualified eledlors. 
 It is 6 miles S W of Rye, and 20 N E of 
 New York city. 
 
 N"tv Salem, or Pequottinl, a Moravian 
 fet clement, formed in 1786, on the E fide 
 of Huron river, which runs N into Lake 
 Erie. 
 
 Nciv Salem, a pofl town in Hampn\irc 
 CO. Maflachufetts, bounded E by the W 
 line of Worcefter co. incorporated 1753^ 
 
 and 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 sftd contains 1949 inhabitants. It is 80 
 niiles W by N of Bofton. 
 
 NeiU'Savannab, 3. village in Burkc CO. 
 Georgia, on the S W bank of the Savan- 
 nah, iz miles S E of Augufta. It has a 
 ivare-houfe, and a few dwelling-houfes. 
 
 New-Sbaron, a port town, Kennebec co. 
 Maine, 30 miles N W of Augufta. 
 
 Nezv-Sborcham. Sec Block-JJlauJ. 
 
 Neiv- Smyrna Entrance, or IVloJhito Inlet, 
 en the coafi of Florida, is about li leagues 
 N N W, J- W from cape Canaverc!. 
 
 Neiv-Souib-WaUs. Scc Walts, and Nnv 
 Br'iiain. 
 
 Netu- Spain. See Mexico. 
 
 Neiv-::itocLbridge. See StuchhriJ^t-t^eiv. 
 
 NtivS-iiedeland, was the name of the 
 territory between Virginia and N. York, 
 when in poficflion of the Swedes, and 
 was afterwards pofTefTedjOr rather claim- 
 ed by the Dutch. The chief tOAvn was 
 
 called Gottenburgh. 
 
 Nciv-Thames Rivsi: See Thamns. 
 
 Neivton, a pleafant townfliip in Middlc- 
 fex CO. MafTachufetts, on Charles river, 9 
 miles W of Bofton. It was incorporated in 
 1691, and contains 1491 inhabitants. 
 
 Newton^ a fmail town in Ghefter coun- 
 ty, Pennfylvania, as miles S of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Neivton, A townfliip in Rockingham co. 
 N. Hampfliire, on Powow river, adjoiuing 
 Amefbury, in MafTachufetts, 10 or la 
 miles foutherly of Exeter. It was incor- 
 porated in 1749, and contains 450 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Neivtoivn^ a pofl town in Fairfield co. 
 Connedlicut, 9 miles E N E of Danhury, 
 26 W N W of N. Haven, 6t S W of Hart- 
 ford, 80 N E of New York. The tov/n 
 flands pleafantly on an elevated fpot, and 
 was fettled in 1708. 
 
 Neivto-rvn, on Staten Ifland, N. York, is 
 3 miles N E of Old Town, as far E of 
 Richmond, and 9 fouthweftcrly of New 
 York. 
 
 Ni-ivto'-iva, a townf1\ip in Queen's co, N. 
 York, includes all the iilandsin the found 
 oppofitc the fame, It is about H miles E ,, 
 of New York, and contains '1^2)^'^ inlub- 
 itants. including jx* Haves. 
 
 Nrivtoii'n, a townfliip in Wefl: Chcfler 
 en. New York ; of whole inhabitants 276 
 are elec^ort. 
 
 Neivtoiva, a poft town in Tioga co. N. 
 ;'ork, lies between the S end of Stneca 
 jL^kc and Tioga river ; having Chemung 
 townfliip E, from which it w^is taken, and 
 incorporated in 179 z. It has 1333 in- 
 Jiabitauts. 
 
 Ketatotvn, a townfliip In Glouceftcr «•. 
 New Jerfey. 
 
 Neivto-ivn, a pofl town and the feat of 
 juftice in Suffex co. N. Jerfey, is about IQ 
 miles S E of Sandyfton. It contains a 
 large Prelbyterian church, a (lone court- 
 boufc 3nd jail. In the town is a furnace 
 and 4 forges for the manufacSture of iron, 
 a remarkable cave,called the Devil's Hole, 
 and feveral ponds covering from 5 to ico 
 acres, It is 108 miles N by E of Phila-« 
 dclphia. 
 
 Nttvtonvn, a pofl town and the capital 
 of Bucks CO. Pennfylvania. It contains a 
 Prefbyterian churcn, a ftone gaol, a court 
 houfc, an academy, and about 40 houfcs. 
 It was fettled in 1725, and is to miles W 
 of Trenton, in N. Jeriey, and 24 N E by 
 N of Philadelphia. There are two other 
 townfhlps of this name, the one in Dela- 
 ware county, the other in that of Cum- 
 berland, having 1427 inhabitants. 
 
 X^ervtoivn^ a fmall town of Virginia, fit- 
 uatcd in Frederick co. between the N and 
 S branches of Shenandoah river ; 7 miles 
 S of Winchefter, and 173 N N W of Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 Netv Utrechty a fmall maritime town of 
 N. York, in King's co. Long Ifland, oppo- 
 fite the Narrows, and 7 miles S of New 
 York city, containing 778 inhal)Itants. 
 
 Nftv Fineyard, a town in Kennebeck 
 CO. Maine, W of Kennebeck river, be- 
 tween Anfon and Strong, 40 miles N W 
 of Augufta. 
 
 Netv JVindfor, a townfliip of Orange co. 
 N. York, pleafantly fituated on the weft 
 bank of Pludfon river, juft above the high 
 lands, 3 miles S of Ncwburgh, and 6 N 
 of Weft Point. It contain.-^ 2001 inhab- 
 itants. A valuable fet of works in this 
 town for manufa (during fcythes were de- 
 ftroycd by fire. In 1795, the legiilaturc 
 granted the unfortunate proprietor, Mr. 
 Boyd, ;^i'500 to enable him to re-eftablifli 
 the'm. The compadl part of the town 
 contains about 40 houfes and a Prelbyte- 
 rian church, 64 miles N of N. York. The 
 fummer rcfidence of Gov. Clinton was 
 formerly at a rural feat, on the margin of 
 the river, at this place. 
 
 Nciv Tears Harbour, on the N coaft of 
 Staten Laud Ifland, at the S extremity of 
 b. America, affords wood and good water ; 
 was difcovered Jan. i, 1775 ; hence its; 
 name. S lat. 54 49, W long. 64 11. 
 
 Nstv Yiars Ifiands^ near the above har- 
 bour, within which is anchorage at N 
 half W from the harbour, at the diftanc^ 
 of a leajues from it. 
 
N B W 
 
 NEW 
 
 JvW' Tori, one of the United States of 
 America, is filuate d between lat. 40 40 
 and 45 N, and between long. 73 10 and 
 3o W ; is about 350 miles in length, and 
 300 in breadth; bounded foutheaflerly 
 by the Atlantic Ocean ; E by ConnecSli- 
 cut, Maflachufctts, and Vermont ; N by 
 tr. Canada; S W and W by Pennfyiva- 
 nia, N. Jerfey and L. Eric. It is fubdi- 
 vided into 31 counties as follows, viz. N. 
 York, Richmond, Suffolk, Wea Cheftcr, 
 Queen's, King's, Orange, Ulflcr,Dutchef8, 
 Columbia, Rcnilelaer, Wafliington, Clin- 
 ton, Saratoga, Albany, Montgomery, Her- 
 kemer, Onondago, Otfcgo, Ontario, Tioga, 
 5tubcn, Ontida, Chenango, Efl'cr, Rock- 
 land, Delaware, Green, Cayuga, Schoha- 
 rie, and Gcnneffee. Ele<5k)rs in this Slate 
 are divided into the following claffcs : 
 
 Freeholders to the value of ;f 100 - - 36,338 
 Do. to the value of.^zo, and under ;ficx) 4,038 
 Do. who rent teivemeats of 40/. per ann.12,598 
 ©ther fretholdcrs - - . . 243 
 
 Total In 1795, <54,oi7 
 
 The number of inhabitants is 586,050, 
 ♦f whom ao,6i3 are flaves. The chief 
 rivers are Hudfon, Mohawk aad their 
 branches. The rivers Delaware and Suf- 
 quehannah, rife in this 9tate. I'he prin- 
 cipal lakes are Otfego, Oneida, George, 
 Seneca, Cayuga, Salt, and Chautaughque. 
 The principal bay is that of York, which 
 fpreads to the fouthvvard before the city 
 of N. York. The legiflature of N. York, 
 ftlmulated by the cnterprizing and a(5live 
 Pennfylvanians, who are competitors for 
 the trade of the wcdern country, have 
 lately granted very liberal funis, towards 
 improving thofe roads that traverfe the 
 moft fettled parts of the country, and op- 
 ening fuch as lead into the weftern and 
 northern parts of the State, uniting as far 
 as poffihleth-e eflablifliments on Kudfon's 
 tiver, and the moft populous parts of the 
 interior country by the neareft pradlica- 
 ble diitances. By late eftablifliments of 
 pod roads a fafe and direct conveyance is 
 «pened between the moft interior v/eftern 
 parts of this State, and the feveral States 
 in the Union : and when the obftructions 
 between Hudfon's river and Lake Onta- 
 rio are removed, there will not be a great 
 deal to do to continue the water commu- 
 nication by the lakes and through Illinois 
 river to the MiiTifippi. N. York, to fpeak 
 generally, is interfe^^ed by ridges of 
 mountains eitending in a N E and S W 
 diredlion. Beyond tlic Alleghany Moun- 
 tains, however, the country is level, of a 
 fine rl«h l&il, covered i& \x% AAtMral Aats 
 
 with maple, beech, birch, cherry, locull, 
 hickory, and fomc mulberry trees. On 
 the banks of Lake Erie arc a few chefnuf 
 and oak ridges. Hemlock fwamps are 
 intcrfpcrfed thinly through the country. 
 All the creeks that empty into Lake Erie 
 have falU, which afford many excellent 
 mill-feats. The lands between the Sene- 
 ca and Ca^'^uga Lakes, are reprefented a« 
 uncommonly excellent, being moft agree- 
 ably diverfificd with gentle rifmgs, and 
 timbered with lofty trees, with little un- 
 derwood. The legiflature have granted 
 a million and a half acres of land, as a 
 gratuity to the officers and foldiers of the 
 line of this State. This tra6t forms the 
 military townfliips of the eo. of Ononda- 
 go. See jMUltary Toivnjbips, and Ononda- 
 go. E of the Alleghany Mountains, 
 which commence with the Kaat's Kill, on 
 the W fide of Hudfon's river, the country 
 is broken into hills with rich intervening 
 vallies. The hills are clothed thick with 
 timber, and when cleared, afford fine paf- 
 ture; the vallies, when cultivated, pro- 
 duce wheat, hemp, flax, peas, grafs, oats, 
 Indian corn, &c. Of the commodities 
 produced from culture, wheat is the prin- 
 cipal. Indian corn and peas arc likewifc 
 raifed for exportation ; and rye, oats, 
 barley, &c. for home confumption. The 
 beft lands in the State, along Mohawk 
 river and Nof it and W of the Alleghany 
 Mountains, but a few years ago was moft- 
 ly in a flate of nature, but has been of 
 late rapidly fettling. In the northern and 
 unfettled parts of the State are plenty of 
 moofe, deer, bears, feme beavers, martins, 
 and moft other inhabitants of the foreft, 
 except wolves. The Ballftown, Saratoga, 
 and New Lebanon medicinal fprings arc 
 much celebrated : thefe are noticed un- 
 der their refpe(3:ivc Iieads. The fait made 
 from the Salt Springs here is equal in good- 
 nefs to that imported from Turk's liland. 
 The weight of a bufb.el of the fait is i^^^ 
 lb. [See Zal'tna.^ A fpring is reported t9 
 have been difcovered in the Sufquehan- 
 nah country, impregnated with nitre, from 
 which faltpetre is made in the fam.e man- 
 ner that com.mon fait is made from 
 the Onondago fprings. Large quantities 
 of iron ore are found here. A filver 
 mine has been worked at Philiipfburg, 
 which produced virgin filver. Lead is 
 found in Herkemer co. and fulphur in 
 Montgomery. Spar, zinc or fpelter, a 
 femi-metal, magnez, ufed in glazings, py- 
 rites of a golden hue, various kinds of cop- 
 per ©re, aad lead aad coal mines, are 
 
 f»ui^ 
 
N E W 
 
 NEW 
 
 found hi t|ils State, alfo petrified wood, 
 plaifter of Paris, illng-glafs in flicets, talcs, 
 and cryftals of various kinds and jolours, 
 flint, an>eftos, and leveral other foffils. 
 A fraall black flone has nlfo been found, 
 which vitrifies with a fmall heat, and it 
 is faid makes excellent glafs. The chief 
 manufacflures are iron, glafsj paper, pot 
 and pearl aflies, earthen ware, maple fu- 
 gar and mclaiTes : and the citizens in gen- 
 eral manuf?.d:ure their own clothing. 
 This Stiite, having a fliort and eafy accels 
 to the occan^ commands the trade of a 
 great proportion of the bed. fettled and 
 beft cultivated parts of the United States. 
 Their exports to the AVell Indies are, bif- 
 cuit, peas, Indian coin^ apples, onions, 
 boards, ftavec, horfes, flicep,butt!:r,cheefc, 
 pickled oyfttrs, bctf and pork. Eur 
 wheat is the ftaple commodity" of the 
 State, of which no lefs than 677,700 hufl\- 
 els were exported fo h.vg ago as t]:e year 
 1775, befides ^,^55 ^^^" of bread, and 
 1,2, zZ tons of flour. The increr.fe fmce has 
 been ia proportion to tilxe increafe of the 
 population. In wheat and flour abov^e a 
 niiliionbunieh are now anuja'ly exported. 
 Wi, India goods are received in return for 
 the above articles. Befides the articles al- 
 ready enumerated, r.re c;:por!:cd flax-leed, 
 cotton wool, farf?.parilla, coffee, indigo, 
 rice, pig-iron, bar-iron, pot-alh, pearl-afh, 
 furs, deer-fkins, logwcf/d, fuft'C, mahoga- 
 ny, bees-wax, oil, Madeira wine, rum, 
 tar, pitch, turpendne, v.'hale fuis, Kill, fu- 
 gars, molalTes, faU, tobacco, lard, &c. but 
 moft of thefe articles are imported for re- 
 exportation. The exports to foreign parts, 
 for the year ending Sept. 30, 1791, 1792, j 
 &c. coniifling principally of the articles 1 
 above enumerated, amounted as follows ; 
 in 1791, to 2,505,465 dolis. 10 cente; 
 1791 — 2-,535-'790 dolls. 25 cents: 1793 — 
 2,932,370 dolls.; 1794— 5, 44i>iS3 dolls. 1 
 10 cents; 1795 — 10,304,500 dolis. 7S I 
 cents; i5?or — 13,792,276 dollars. This] 
 State o'.vned in 1792, 46,626 tons of {hip- 
 ping, befides which fhe finds employment 
 for aboi't 40,000 tons of fcrtign vefiels. 
 There are in th's State, two handfomcly 
 endowed ?nd jlonr idling collrgrs. viz. Co- 
 lumbia, formerly Ki-ng's College, in the 
 citv of N. York, and Union CoHege, at 
 Schenecrtady. See N^io Tori City and 
 SJjcneSIaJy. Befic'cs thfJe, there are dif- 
 perlcd in different p3rts of the State, 14 
 incorporated Academies, containing in 
 the whole, as manv as 6 or 700 ftudents. 
 Thefe, with the eltablifliment of fchools, 
 I at Icaft in every diftricl: of 4 fquarc 
 
 miles, for the common branches of edu- 
 cation, muft have the mofl beneficial cf- 
 fedls on the flate of fociety. The fums 
 granted by thelegiflature of this State for 
 the encouragement of literature fince the 
 year 1790, have been very liberal .^nd is 
 evincive of the wifeft policy. In March, 
 I790,the legiilature granted to the regents 
 of the Univerfity, who have by law the fu- 
 perintendauce and management of the lit- 
 erature of theState,feveral large and valu- 
 able trails of land, on the waters of Lakes 
 George and Cliamplain, and alfo Gover- 
 nor's Ifland in the harbour of New York, 
 with intent that the rents and income 
 the.-ecf fhould be by them applied to the 
 advancement of literature. At the fame 
 time they granted them ;/^i,ooo currency, 
 for the farae general purpofe. In April, 
 1792, they ordered to be paid to the re- 
 gents, ^^rjco for enlarging the library, 
 ^2CO for a chemical apparatus, j^ 1,200 
 for eredling a wall to fupport the college 
 grounds, and ^5,000 for erecSling a hall 
 and an additional wing to the college : 
 Alfo ;{!i,500 annually for 5 years to be 
 diicretionally diftributcd among the acad* 
 cmies of the State. Alfo ^750, for five 
 years, to be applied to the payment of 
 the falaries of additional profeffors. In 
 their feflions fincc 1795, the fums they 
 have granted for the fupport of the col- 
 leges, academies, and of common fchools 
 throughout the State, have been very lib- 
 eral. The religious fecSls or denomina- 
 tions in this State are, Engiifli Prefbyteri- 
 ans, Dutch Reformed, Baptifls, Epifco- 
 palians. Friends or Quakers, Gorman Lu- 
 therans, Moravians, Methodifts, Roman 
 Catholics, Shakers, a few followers of je- 
 mima Vv-'ilkinfon at Geneva, and fome 
 Jews in the city of N. York. The treaf- 
 ury of this State is one of the richeft in 
 tfie Union, The treafurerof the State re- 
 ported to the legiflature in Jan. 1796, that 
 the funds amounted to 2,1 19,06-8 dolls. ^^ 
 cents, Vv'hich yields an annuity of 234,218 
 dolls. BciiJes the above immenfe fum, 
 there was at that period in the treaiury, 
 ^134,207 '. i(): loij currency. The abil- 
 ity of the State, therefore, is abundantly 
 competent to aid public inftitutions of 
 every kind, to mnke roads, erecl bridges, 
 open canals, and pufli every kind of im- 
 provement to the moft defirable length. 
 The body of the Six Nations of Indians 
 inhabit the weftern part of this State. 
 See <S/x Mationf. 
 
 The Englidi language is generally 
 fpoken throughout the State, but is riot 
 
 a iift'e 
 
NEW 
 
 k E W 
 
 4 little corrupted by the Dutch dip.leA, 
 which is ftili fpoken in fome counties, par- 
 ticularly in King's, Ulfter, Albany, and 
 that part if Orange which lies S of the 
 mountains. But as Dutch fchools are al- 
 moft, if not wholly diftontinued, that lan- 
 guage, in a few generations, will probably 
 ceafe to be ufed at all. And the increafe 
 of Englifh fchools has already had a per- 
 ceptible efFe<fb in the improvement of the 
 Englilli language. Befides the Dutch and 
 Englifli, there are In this State many em- 
 igrants from Scotland, Ireland, Germany, 
 and fome few from France, Many Ger- 
 mans are fettled on the Mohawk, and 
 fome Scots people on the Hudfon, in the 
 county of Wailiington. The principal 
 part of the two former fettled in the city 
 of N. York ; and retain the manners, the 
 religion, and fome of them the language 
 of their refpedlive countries. The French 
 emigrants fettled principally at New Ro- 
 chelle, and on Staten inand,and their de- 
 fcendant3,feveral of them, have filled fome 
 of the highefl offices in the United States. 
 The weftern parts of the State are fettled 
 and fettling principally from New Eng- 
 land. There are 3 incorporated cities in 
 this State, N. York, Albany, and Hudfon. 
 
 New Tori Court!}', in the above State, 
 comprehending the ifland of N. York, or 
 Manhattan, on which the metropolis 
 ftands, and the following fmall iflands : 
 Great Barn, Little Barn, Manning's, Nut- 
 ten, Bedlow's, Bucking.and Oyfter Iflands. 
 It contained, in 1790, 33,131 inhabitants, 
 in J 800, 60,489. The number of flaves 
 in 1790, was 2,369, in 1800, z,^6S. 
 
 Netv Tnrk City, is fituated on the S W 
 point of York liland, at the confluence of 
 Hudfon and Ea(t Rivers, and is the me- 
 tropolis of the State of its name, and the 
 fecond in rank in the Union. The length 
 of the city on Eaft River is about 3 miles, 
 and rapidly increaiing, but falls lliort of 
 that didance on the banks of the Hudfon. 
 Its breadth on an average, is about a mile, 
 and its circumference 5 or 6 miles. The 
 plan of the city is not perfectly regular, 
 but is laid out with reference to the fitua- 
 tion of the ground. The ground which 
 was unoccupied before the peace of 1783, 
 v/as laid out in parallel Itreets of conve- 
 nient width, which has had a good efFecfl 
 upon the parts of the city lately built. 
 The principal flreets run nearly parallel 
 with the rivers. Thefe are interfedled, 
 though not at right angles, by ftrects run- 
 ning from river to river. In the wldtli 
 •f the flreets there is a great diverflty. 
 
 Vol. I, A A a 
 
 Water flrcet and Pearl ftreet, which oc- 
 cupy the banks of Eafl: River, are very 
 conveniently fituated for bufinefs, but 
 they are low and too narrow ; not ad- 
 mitting in fome places of walks on the 
 fides for foot palTengers. Broad Street^ 
 extending from the Exchange to city hall, 
 is fufficiently wide. This was originally 
 built on each fide of the creek, which pen- 
 etrated almofl: to the city hall. This ftreet 
 is low, but pleafant. But the molt conveni- 
 ent and agreeable part of the city is the 
 Broadway. It begins at a point which is 
 formed by the juncilion of the Hudfon and 
 Eaft Rivers — occupies the height of land 
 between them, upon a true meridional line 
 — rifes gently to the northward — is near- 
 ly 70 feet wide — adorned, where the 
 fort flood, (which has lately been level- 
 led) with an elegant brick edifice, for the 
 accommodation of the governor of the 
 State,and a public walk fromthe extremity 
 of the point, occupying the ground of the 
 lower battery which is now demolifhed ; 
 alfo with two Epifcopal churches and a 
 number of elegant private buildings. It 
 terminates, to the northward, in a trian- 
 gular area, fronting the bridewell and 
 alms-houfe, and commands from any 
 point, a view of the Bay and Narrows. 
 Since the year 1788, that part of the city, 
 which was buried in ruins during the war, 
 his been rapidly rebuilding, the ftreets 
 widened, ftraightened, raifed in the mid- 
 dle under an angle fufficient to carry off 
 the watfer to the Hde gutters, and foot- 
 ways of brick made on each fide. At 
 this time the part that vv^as deftroyed by 
 fire is all covered with elegant brick hou- 
 fes. Wall ftreet is generally 50 feet wide 
 and elevated, and the buildings elegant. 
 Hanover fquare and Dock ftreet are con- 
 veniently fituated for bufmefs, and the 
 houfes well built. William ftreet is alfo 
 elevated and convenient, and is the prin- 
 cipal market for retailing dry goods. 
 Many of the ottier ftreets are pleafant, 
 but moft of them are irregular and nar- 
 row. The houfes are generally built of 
 brick, and the roofs tiled. There are re- 
 maining a few houfes built after the old 
 Dutch manner ; but the Englifli tafte ha^ 
 prevailed alirioft a century. The moft: 
 m.Hgnificcnt edifice In the city is Federal 
 Hall, fituated at the head of Broad ftreet, 
 where its front appears to great advan- 
 tage, in which is a gallery t% feet deep, 
 guarded by an elegant iron railing. la 
 this gallery our beloved W nfoingion^ at- 
 tended by the fcnate and hcufe of reprc- 
 fentativeS| 
 
N E W 
 
 HE W 
 
 fcntallvcs, took his oath of office in the 
 face of Heaven, and in piefencc of a large 
 concourfe of people afTcmbled in front, 
 at the commtiicement of the operation 
 of live Federal Conftitution, April 30th, 
 1789. The Netv York State Pn/hv, is fitn- 
 atcd at Greenwich, about Z miles diflant 
 from the fonthernmofl point of the city, 
 upon a lot of about 4 acres, on the E bank 
 of Hudfon's River, and inclofed by a wall 
 Irom 16 to 20 feet high. The building 
 comprehends the following fubdivifions 
 and apartments : i. In the centre facing 
 Greenwich ftreet, and in the rear facing 
 t\\e river, is the building containing the | 
 apartments for the accommodation of the 
 keeper and his ailiftants, and rooms for 
 the ufc of rtae infpecilors, &c. its dimen- 
 fions being 64 feet fquare, and in the rear 
 a fpacions hall. 2. Adjoining the fore- 
 going, 0:1 each fide fronting the fireet, is 
 a building of the fame height with the 
 centre, each of which contains 30 prifoas 
 capable of containing each 6 prifoners for 
 Iodp,ing. 3. Adjoining, and extending 
 weftcrly on the northerly fide, is a build- 
 ing of about 56 feet in length, and 36 feet 
 in breadth, intended for a place of wor- 
 fliip for the prifoners. On the foutherly 
 fide is a building of the fame dimenfions, 
 intended for the hofpital and dining 
 apartments ; adjoining to, and extending 
 wtilerly are two other fets of prifons of 
 equ.;:l fizc with thofc in front. To com- 
 plete the plan, there will be folitary cells 
 at the end of the lafl defcribed prifons, 
 each of which calculated to contain 8 per- 
 fons in fo!irude. Within the walls, work- 
 £hops are crcclied, in which the prifoners 
 are employed at hard labour. The whole 
 of the buildings will fliew a front and 
 rear of about 307 feet. The whole is 
 built of hard flone. 'I'he walls are thick. 
 The i^rifon grates .ire of flout iron bars, 
 ftecled and hardened. The height of the 
 whole, except the folitary cells, is 3 fto- 
 ries ; the lower one being funk 3 feet be- 
 low thcfurfacc, is 10 feet from the floor to 
 fhe ceiling. The two other fli)rics are 1 3^ 
 feet each, between the iloor and ceiling. 
 The bnilding is covered with flate, and 
 in the centre, over a handfome pedinienr, 
 is an elegant cupola, which commands a 
 plcafing view of all the veiTeis pafliug to 
 and from the city through the Narrows, 
 and down as far as Sandy Hook, and alfo 
 for fome confiderable diftance up Hudfon's } j 
 River. The other public buildings in the I 
 city are, 3 houl'es for public worihip for j 
 the Datcli iltformed church, 5 Prelbytc- {} 
 
 rian churches, 4 Epifcopal churched, f 
 for German Lutherans and Calvinifls, a- 
 Friends' mccting-houfes, a for Baptifts, 3 
 for Methodids, r for Seceders, i for Uni- 
 verfalifb),! for Moravians,! Roman Cath- 
 olic church, I French Proteftant church, 
 and a Jews' fynagogue. Befidts thcfe there 
 is the governor's houfe, already mention- 
 ed, a handfome building, the college, gaol, 
 and Icveral other buildings of lei's note. 
 The city is accommodated with 4 mar- 
 kets in difTerent parts, which are furnifli- 
 ed with a great plenty and varietv of pro- 
 vifions in neat and excellent order. 
 
 King's Co' lege, in the city of N. York, 
 was principally founded by the voluntary 
 contribution., of the inhabitants of the 
 province, affifted by the general aflemblv^ 
 and the corporation of Trinity Church : 
 In the year 1754, a royal charter (and 
 grant of money) was obtained, incorpo- 
 rating a number of gentlemen therein 
 mentioned, by the name of " The Gov- 
 ernors of the College of the province of 
 New York, in the city of New York, in 
 America ;" and granting to them and 
 their fucccflbrs forever, amonoH: various 
 other rights and privileges, the power of 
 conferring all fuch degrees as are ufually 
 conferred by either of the Englitli univer- 
 fitics. By the charter it was provided 
 that the prefident Ihall always be a mem- 
 ber of the church of England, and chat a 
 form of prayer collected from the litur- 
 gy of that church, with a particular pray- 
 er for the college, fliall be daily ufed, 
 morning and evening, in the college chap- 
 el ; at the fame time, no tefl of their re- 
 Irgious perfuaiion was required from any 
 of the fellows, profelTors or tutors; and 
 the advantages of education were equally 
 extended tofludents of all denominations. 
 The building (which is only y of the in- 
 tended flruclure) confifts of an elegant 
 ftone ediiice, 3 complete (lories high, with 
 4 flair-cafes, la apartments in each, a 
 chapel, hall, library, mnfeum, anatomical 
 theatre, and a fchoolfor experimental phi- 
 lofophy. Tlic college is fitu.Ued on a dry 
 gravelly foil," about 150 yards front the 
 l>ank of iI.idfon's. River, which it over- 
 looks, com:nanding a mofl extenlivc anei 
 beautifjil profpecfl. Since the revolution, 
 the legiilature palfed an adl condituting 
 21 gentlemen (of whom the governor and 
 lieutenant-governor, for tiie time beings 
 are members ex ojficiis) a body corporate 
 and politic, l)y tl^.e name and fiyle of "The 
 Regents of the Univsrhty of the State of 
 New Ycrkr" Thev are entrufted witii 
 
 th- 
 
N E W 
 
 iC E W 
 
 iihe care of ]it»rature in general in the 
 ftate, and h^ve power to f^rant charters 
 of incorporation for erecbing colleges and 
 jt.cademies throughout the State, arc to 
 vifit thefe inflitutions as often as they 
 ihall think, proper, and report their ftate 
 to the legiflature once a year. King's 
 College, which we have already dcfcrihtd, 
 is now called Coh.mVtn College. This col- 
 lege, by an a^fb of t!ie legiflatiirc, paflcd 
 in the ipring of 1787, was put under the 
 care of 24 gentlemen, who are a hody 
 corporate, by the name and ftylc of " Ti;c 
 'JVuflees of Columbia College in the city 
 of New York." This body poiTcfs ail the 
 powers vcfted in the governors of King'ji 
 College, before the revolution, or in the 
 regents of the univerHty, hnce the revo- 
 lution, fo far as their power rcfpeAcd 
 this inflitution. No regent can be a truf- 
 tie of any particular college or academy 
 in the State.' The regents of the univer- 
 fity have pov.-er to confer the higher de- 
 gree?, and them oiily. The college edi- 
 iice has received no addition fince the 
 peace, though the ereCiion of a hall and 
 a wing have been contemplated, and 
 funds for the pur pofe granted by the leg- 
 JHature. The r.nnual revenue arifing 
 from tlic cflate belonging to the college, 
 exclufive of fome bonds which are niit at 
 prefent producStive, amounts to ^ 1,535 
 currency. Columbia College con lifts of 
 a faculties ; a faculty of arts and a facul- 
 ty of phyfic. The tirft lias a prefident 
 and 7 profelTors, and the fecond a dean 
 and 7 profefibrs. The ftudents attending 
 both the faculties at tbiC beginning of the ; 
 year 1795, amounted to 160. l he ofii- 
 ccrs of inftruction and immediate govern- ; 
 ment in the faculty of arts, are, a prcu- 
 dent, profedor of mathematics and natu- '■ 
 ral philclhpiiy, a profefTor of logic arid 
 gecgraphv, and a profefTor of languages. \ 
 To thefe have lately been added a pro- 
 f'efibr of chymiflry and agriculture, a pro- . 
 feflor of oriental languages, a proieHbr of ' 
 hi w, arid a profeflbr of the French language, 
 la the faculty of phyfic, the dean is leclur- j 
 er on clinical medicine in the N.York hof- 
 pital ; and there are the proftiTorfiu'ps of 
 botany, of anatomy, of the obftttric art, 
 of materia medica, of tJie iuitifjtes of 
 medicine, of furgery, and the pratfiice (xf 
 phyfic. Tl.efe profeilors aiTird the ne- 
 ceflary inflruclion in the healing art. 
 The library and nnifeum v^^ere deflroyed 
 during the'war. Upwards of ;CSoo (of 
 monies granted by the Icgiliature) have 
 ipeea lately expended in buoks to increafo 
 
 ttie library. ihc philofophical appa- 
 ratus is new and complete. The gov- 
 ernment of the city (which was incor- 
 j porated in 1696) ii now in the hands of «, 
 ' mayor, aldermen, aind common council. 
 j The city is divided into 7 wards, in each 
 j of which there is chofen annually by the 
 . people, an alderman and in alhftant, who, 
 j together with tlie recorder, are appolutect 
 ' annually by the council of appointment. 
 The mayor's court, which is held from 
 I time to time by adjournment, is In high 
 j reputation as a court of law. A court 
 j of fcllions is likcv/ifc held for the trial 
 < of criminal caufts. The htuation of the 
 I city is both healthy and pieafant. Sur- 
 i rounded on all fides by water, it is refrellr- 
 j ed with cool breezes In fummer, and the 
 air In winter is more temperate tiian iu 
 other places under the fame parallel. 
 This city is efteerned the moft eligible fit- 
 uation for commerce in the United States. 
 It commands the trade of one- half New 
 Jerfey, moft of that of Connedlicut, part 
 . j of that of MafTachufetts, almoft the whole 
 i| of Vermont, and a part of that of New 
 I Hampfliire, lying on ConnecElicut River; 
 I befides the whole fertile interior country, 
 I which is penetrated by one of the largetfc 
 ' rivers in America. This city and Baiti- 
 i more, it is faid, export three-fourths o , 
 { the produce fent from the U. States. This 
 \ city imports moft of the goods confumed 
 j between a line of 30 miles E of Connedt- 
 ' icut River, and 20 miles Wof the Hudfon, 
 j which is 130 miles ; and between the 
 I ocean and the confines of Canada, about 
 1 400 miles ; a confiderablc portion of 
 j which is the beft peopled of any part of 
 I of the U. States ; and the whole Territory 
 I contains nearly a million people, or one- 
 j fifth of the inhabitants of the Union. Be- 
 I fides, fome of tiie other States are partially 
 j fupplied with goods from N. York. But in 
 I the ibpie commodity, rlour,Pennrylvania 
 j and Maryland have exceeded it, the fuper- 
 I fine flour of thofs States commanding a 
 i higher price than thatof N. York ; not that 
 [ the quality of the grain is worfe, but be- 
 : caufe greater attention is paid in thofe 
 States tothc infpeiicion and manufacftarc of 
 t'iat article,, hi the m mufaclure likeivife 
 of iron, paper, cahinet works, &:c.Pcnnfyl- 
 vania exceeds not only N. York, but all 
 her fifier States, hi times of peace, how- 
 ever, N. York will command more com- 
 mercial bufioefs tha.i any town in the U. 
 States. In time of war it will be infccure, 
 without a marine force ; but a fm.ill num- 
 ber cf ihips will be able to defend it from 
 ' ' thf 
 
NEW 
 
 N I A 
 
 the mofl: formidable attacks by fea. A 
 want of good water has been a great in- 
 convenience to the citizens ; there being 
 few wells in the city. Moft of the peo- 
 ple were till lately fupplied every day 
 with frefli water, conveyed to their doors 
 in caiks, from a pump near the head of 
 Queen ftreet, which receives it from, a 
 fpring almoft a mile from the centre of 
 the city. This well is about %o feet deep, 
 -ind 4 feet diameter. The average qua n- 
 •tity drawn daily from this remarkable 
 •well, was I to ho^flieads of 330 gallons 
 each. In fome hot fummer day's ai6 
 hogllieads have been drawn from it ; and 
 what is very lingular, there is never more 
 or lefs than about 3 feet water in the 
 ■vvcll. The water was fold commonly at 3 
 pence a hogfliead at the pump. The 
 Manhattan Company now fupply or have 
 agreed to fupply the citizens with wa- 
 ter by pipes. On a general view of this 
 city, as defcribed 40 years ago, and in its 
 prefent ftate, the comparifou is flattering 
 to the prefent age ; particularly the im- 
 provements in tafte, elegance of manners, 
 and that eafy unaffected civility and po- 
 litenefs which form the happinefs of fo- 
 cial intercourfe. The number of inhab- 
 itants in the city and county of N. York 
 in 1756, was io88t ; 1771,21,863; 1786, 
 ^3,614; 1790, 33>i3i; i^,c>Oi 60,489. 
 There is no bafon for the reception of 
 veffel?, but the road where they lie in 
 Eaft Rjver, which is protecSted from the 
 violence of the fea by the circumjacent 
 iflands. The great rapidity of the tides 
 in the narrow channelq between Long lil- 
 and and York Ifland, and between Long 
 Ifland and Staten Ifiand, increafed by the 
 water of Hudfon and Eaft rivers, preferves 
 the channel from being obftrudled by ice ; 
 fo that navigation is always open, except 
 a few days when the weather is uncom- 
 monly fcvere. The entries from foreign 
 ports only into this port in 1795 were 
 941, viz. tliips, 178 — brigs, 309, — barques, 
 9 — fnows, 7 — fchooners,268 — floops, 170. 
 Works of defence have been erc(£led licrc 
 to a confiderablc c^^tent, and Avhen com- 
 pleted on the original plan, will afford 
 great fecurity to the city, from enemies' 
 Slips. N. York city .is 9^ miles N E of 
 Philadelphia, IZ7 S W of Hartford, 197 
 N E of Baltimore, 252 S W of Bufton, 
 375 from Portland, in Maine, ^y^ from 
 Richmond, 6zo from Fayetteviile, 913 
 from Charlellown, and I,C20 from Savan- 
 pah. N !at. 40 4a 8, W long. 74 9 45. 
 liiTv Tori, an Indian town of the 
 
 Creek nation, on Tallapoofc river, ix 
 Georgia ; and fo named by Col. Ray, a 
 N. York Britifli loyalift. 
 
 Neiv Tnrk IJland, on which the city o£ 
 that name ftands, is about 15 miles long, ^ 
 and does not exceed two in any part in 
 breadth. It is joined to the main land 
 by a bridge, called King's Bridge, 15 miles 
 N of N. York city. 
 
 Neiv Tork, Albemarle co. Virginia. 
 Here is a pofi: office, 167 miles from. 
 Wafliington, 
 
 Nc^be, or Ne'iva, a fertile plain on the 
 S fide of the iiland of St. Domingo ; bound- 
 e:d E by the bay and river of its name, 
 on the W by the river of Dames, and the 
 Pond of Henriquelle. It contains about 
 80 fquare leagues, abounds with game, 
 and is a chofenfpot for flamingoes, pheaf- 
 ants, and royal or crowned peacocks. 
 Thefe laft have a more delicate flavour 
 and more brilliant plumage than the pea- 
 cocks of Europe. Nine leagues from the 
 W bank of the Neybe is the town, con- 
 taining about '200 houfes, and can turn 
 out 300 men fit to bear arms. This towa 
 is 15 leagues W by N of Azua, and 16 
 from the point where the line of demarca- 
 tion cuts Brackifh Pond. This territory 
 produces a fort of plaifter, talc, and foffil 
 fait. The natural re-produ6f ion of the fait 
 is fo rapid, that a pretty large hollow is ab- 
 folutely filled up again in the courfe of a 
 year. The river might be rendered navi- 
 gable for fmall craft, and the plain is able 
 to afford eligible lituations for 150 fugar 
 plantations. 
 
 Niagara R'tiier and Falls. Niagara River 
 conneAs the N E end of L. Erie with L. 
 Ontario, and is about 30 miles in length, 
 from Fort Erie to Niagara Fort, and forms 
 a part of the boundary between the U, 
 States and U. Canada. It receives Chippe- 
 way or Welland River from the W, and 
 Toucwanto Creek from the E, and cm- 
 bofoms Great and Navy Iflands, Fort 
 Sluflier (lands on the E fide of this river, 
 near Navy Ifland. The Falls in this riv- 
 er, are oppofite Fort Sluflier, about 7 or 
 8 miles S of l^. Ontario, and form the 
 greateft curiofity which this or any other 
 country affords. In order to have a tol- 
 erable idea of this ftupendous fall of wa- 
 ter, it will be ncceflary to conceive that 
 part of the country in which Lake Eric 
 is (ituated to be elevated above that 
 which contains Lake Ontario about 300 
 feet ; the flope which feparates the upper 
 and lower country is generally very flcep, 
 and in many place-^ almolt perpendicular : 
 
N I A 
 
 N I C 
 
 jt is formed by horizontal ftrataof ftone, 
 great part of which is lime-ftone. The 
 flope may be traced by the N fide of L. 
 Ontario, near the bay of Torento, round 
 the W end of the Lake ; thence the di- 
 rection is generally E. Between L. On- 
 tario and L. Erie it crofles the ftrait of 
 Niagara and the Gennefiee River ; after 
 which it becomes loft in the country to- 
 wards Seneca Lake. It is to this flope 
 the country is indebted both for the Cat- 
 aratfl of Niagara and the great Falls of 
 Genncflee. The Cataradl of Niagara, fome 
 have fuppofed, was formerly at the north- 
 ern fide of the ilope near the landing ; 
 and that from the great length of time, 
 the quantity of water, and the diflance 
 which it falls, the folid ftone is worn 
 away for about 7 miles up towards Lake 
 Erie,* and a chafm is formed which no 
 perfon can approach without terror. 
 Down this chafm the water ruflies with a 
 moft aftonilliing noife and velocity, after, it 
 makes the great pitch. Here the fancy 
 is conftantly engaged in the contempla- 
 tion of the moft romantic and awful prof- 
 pe6t imaginable ; when the eye catches 
 the falls, the contemplation is inftantly 
 arrefted, and the beholder admires in fi- 
 lence. The river is about 742 yards wide 
 at the falls. The perpendicular pitch of 
 this vaft body of water produces a found 
 that is frequently heard at the diftance of 
 ^o miles, and in a clear day and fair wind, 
 40, and even 50 miles. A perceptible, 
 tremulous motion in the earth is felt for 
 fcveral rods round. A heavy cloud or 
 fog is conftantiy afcending from the falls, 
 in which rainbows may always be feen 
 when the fun Ihines. This fog or fpray, 
 in the winter feafon, falls upon the neigh- 
 bouring trees, where it congeals, and pro- 
 duces a moft beautiful cryftaline appear- 
 ance : this remark is applicable alio to 
 the Falls of GennciTee. It is conje<5lured 
 that the water muft fall at leaft 65 feet in 
 the chafm; the perpendicular pitch at 
 the cataract is 150 feet ; other accounts 
 fay only 137 feet : to thcle add 58 feet, 
 which the water falls the laft half mile 
 immediately above the falls, and we have 
 273, which che water falls in the diftance 
 of 7 3 miics. Animals fwimming near the 
 Rapids i^ove the great Catara<ft arc in- 
 ftantly hurried to deftrucSlion. Tult be- 
 
 * Gen. Bfncoln^ ivho vifited and oamined 
 thefe. falls in ijg^.fays, '■• On a careful exam- 
 inati'jn of the batiks of the river ^ there upbears 
 to be no good fjundaiion for tlis opintonr 
 
 low the Great Pitch, the water and fc^i^ 
 may be feen puft^ed up in large fpherica( 
 figures ; they burft at the top, and project 
 a column of the fpray to a prodigious 
 height, and then fu'bfide, aiid arefuccecd- 
 ed by others which burft in like manner, 
 Tiiis appearance is moft remarkable about 
 half way between the liiand that divides 
 the falls and the weft tide of the ftrait, 
 where the largeft coluuui of water de- 
 fcends. The defcent into the chafm of 
 this ftupendous catara6t is very difficult, 
 on account of the great height cf tlie 
 banks; but when once a perfon has de- 
 fcended, he may go up to the fouc of the 
 Falls, and take llielter behind the de- 
 fcending column of water, between that 
 and the precipice, whete there is fpacc 
 luflicitnt to contain a number of people 
 in perfect fafety, and wiiere converfaiiou 
 may be held without interruptio-i from 
 the noife, which is lefs here than at a con- 
 fiderable diftance. On Chriftmas night, 
 I795» a fevere fliock of an earthquake 
 was felt here, and by which a large piece 
 of the rock that forms the famous cata* 
 ra(5t was broken off. 
 
 Niagara, a fort and poft town in the 
 State of N, York, fituated on the E fide 
 of Niagara River, at its entrance into L. 
 Ontario, and oppofite to Newark, in Can- 
 ada. Niagara Fort is a moft important 
 poft, and fecures a greater number of 
 communications, through a large country, 
 than probably any other pais in interior 
 America. It is about 9 miles below the 
 cataracT:, 80 N W of Wiiliamfburg on 
 Gennelfee River, 370 N W oi Philadel- 
 phia, and 560 W by N of Bofton. N. 
 lat. 43 zo, W long. 79. The fort was 
 built by the French about the year 172?, 
 and was delivered up to the' U. States, 
 according to, the treaty of 1794, by the 
 Eritifh, in 1796. Although it is a degree 
 N of Boftoa, yet tiie feafon is quite as 
 msid here as at that town, and vegetation 
 quite as early and forward. It is thought 
 that the climate meliorates in the fduie 
 latitude as one proceeds fVo:ii the Atlan- 
 tic welt ward. 
 
 Niag,ira, Little, or Fort FlulTier, above 
 the Great i^alls, on the F: fide oi Niagara 
 River, oppofite to the moulh of the river 
 Welland. Sv^yth. 
 
 Nicaropua, a lake in the province of 
 New Spain, 117 leagues in circumference. 
 Its weftern part is not more than ic miies, 
 from tlie S VV coaft of Mexico, it fends 
 its waters E to the ocean, by a fpacious 
 river of its aanie, which divides the prov- 
 ince 
 
K I c 
 
 N I C- 
 
 ... ! 
 
 incc of Nicaranfiia from Cofla Rico. This 
 renders the towns on the banks of the 
 Jake of conCideraMe importance, particu- 
 iarly the cities of Granada, Leon, and 
 ■Nicaragua. The ftrft is on the S fide in 
 l-it. II 8 N, and long. 85 iz W, and is 45 
 sniies wfn:v/ard of tae city of N'Cdr.iPua, 
 that ftanos .-.£ ^jmc .diftance S from ■ 
 lake. Leon is at the Vv .-nd of th;: 
 and in lat. 12 N, and i'>ng. o, W. i. * . 
 lake is interfp^r-fed with feveral iflands, 
 and full of iiHi, but inf fled wirh ^t.i-a- 
 tors^ Nicaragua Ri\er cm ^c^ :vAo il,; 
 iea, oppoQte to th. n' ,f,a ji '2\.L>^[A-^\^^-- 
 N lat. II 40, ■' 4;. 
 
 Nica;ojT"c ■■ ;: ovi'ice o 
 
 ico, havi is oii the N, the North 
 
 •Sea on t- Rico on the 3 R, and 
 
 the Soar.; t.-j, on the S W. It is about 
 40c miles long, and izo bread, 'i'he 
 rair is v-'holefome and temperate and the 
 foil fertile, producing quantities of fugar, 
 cochine?J, and fine chocolate. This i^ 
 confidered :is the garden of America ; be 
 ing fo pleafant and fruitful, that when 
 tht Spaniards firft v'.fited it, they called it 
 Mahomet's Paradife. 
 
 Nu/jclas, a county of Kentucky, con- 
 taining 2,863 inhabitants. 
 
 Nkholafville, the county town of the 
 above co. 12 miles S E of Lexington. It 
 has a court hcufe and a few dwelling 
 iioiifes. 
 
 Nicbdas^ Cape S'. the N W extremity of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W. In- 
 dies, k is 2 leagues W of the town of its 
 name, more comr.ionly called Toe lifolc^ 
 46 leagues N E by N of Cape Dame 
 Marie, and, with this cape, forms the en- 
 trance into the large bay called the Bite 
 jot Bight of Leoganc. See 77je Mole. 
 
 Nicbo'asy Port St. on the coaft of Peru, 
 Jics 6 leagues S S E of Port Cava'lo. It 
 h lafer than St. Joht»'s harbour, but af- 
 fords neither wood nor water. 
 
 Nichols^ Stream^ in the fame town- 
 lhi[) (No. 4). with Grfit M^orhyCnttvt Pc- 
 nobfcot River oppoiiie M-irilii's iHaud, 
 about 6 milts below tlje Great Fa'b, and 
 6 above the; ' ' ' ' ■' ^'- r' 1- U lins 
 j^rge tracts < 1 .n- 
 
 ?.:-v;u !,:nd, : :■ • ■ ^, : -clvaii- 
 
 ■v;n t(>^v- (;n the S E 
 
 Crc-.s LP... ..... n.y r,-jj 
 
 ttvffii tlifcfe ! ' v i ov/i,, en tiic Ij 
 
 fame fide of tii.. : -. : .. ['■ 
 
 flifle;-, oae C(f tlit fmali Virgin Ifiands. 
 
 fituatcd between Anegada and Virgi* 
 Gorda,on the latter of which it is depend- 
 ent. N lat. 18 30, W long. 65 5, - 
 
 Nicola, or Nicola Toivn Gul, oa the N B 
 coaft of the ifljnd of St. Chriftopher's. 
 
 Nuolci Riyer, iu L. Canada, a fouthcra 
 wftfs >.(?.-. Lawrence, running parallel 
 •iV miles only E of St. Fran- 
 banks are good land, and 
 i-i^ii _; i ..^ i.y emigrants from New Eng- 
 land, See Shiptun. 
 
 Ntcnyz^ or St. Lticar^ a town of Cofl* 
 ^Ia\) -n the kingdom of Mexico, North 
 ..,.:;;cA, having a harbour on a bay of 
 tie ]v. F.^icifi*; Qcean, in lat. 10 20 N, and 
 :..-;:,. S8 10 W. About 10 leagues diftant 
 is the bay of Salinas, from "whence the 
 inhabitants of this place procure and fend 
 to Panama the purple juice of a flieii-fiili 
 found in it, belides fait, honey, maize, 
 fowls and wheat ; and here is alfo a iDearl 
 filliery. The town is inland, ]>ut fhips 
 rfde in the iiver Cipanlb, % leagues to 
 the N W from the ifland of Chira, to 
 take in goods from it; which river is 
 navigable for large periaguas that bring 
 down the goods to tht' Ihips. The ifland 
 of Chira afTofds plenty of frcfli water aj),4 
 provifions. 
 
 Ni^iau^ a river of Nova Scotia, which 
 waters the townfliip of Annapolis ; on its 
 banks are quantities of bog and mountain 
 ore, where a bloomery has been erefled. 
 
 Nicvefa, Gulf rf, is on the E coaft of the 
 country of Honduras, on the Spanlfli 
 Main, having Cape Gracias-a-Dios for its 
 N li.niit, and Cape Blanco, on the S ; 
 Catherine, or Providence, is due E from 
 it. 
 
 NieLe, or Nevh, a bay and river on the 
 S coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo. The 
 bay is in K lat. 18 3, W long. 73 46. 
 
 N'ie'oa J/iand, lies S \V of Mi (fake Bay, 
 and on the N E fide of Hudfon's Straits. 
 
 Nieva Terra^ near the E end of Hud- 
 fon's Straits, in N. America, in lat. 62 4 
 N, and long. 67 7 W, and has high water 
 ou the ipring tide days at 50 min. paft 9 
 o'clock. 
 
 Ni^^aniche, an ifland on the coaft of Cape 
 Breton, in the S ^^art of the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Ni-^us, a i-i\'er on the S fide of the ifl- 
 and oi>Si. Domingo, 'Fiie rivers Nigua 
 wd i ;y!r' :tre i. very far apart; but 
 :.-; .i...., auvpu c jioin their fpriugs, they 
 nct.de from tacii odier, the former run- 
 ning wcftward from the latter. Between 
 <\:..,^, w^i .,,1 extenfive and fertile plain. 
 ..rity ot Y,nx<: g-v'.d that was dug 
 from 
 
1^1 X 
 
 1^ a M 
 
 fVom Its cavities, its fugar, cocoa, Indigo, 
 and other plantations, paid duties to a 
 greater amount than thofe now paid by 
 all the Spanifli part of the illand togeth- 
 er. Thefc rivers might be tafiiy render- 
 ed navigable. The panfli and fmall town 
 of Ntgua contain about a,50O perfons, 
 partly free peopli^ of colour. 
 
 Ninety Six, formerly a diftridl of the 
 upper country of Edgefield, Abbeville, 
 Laurens, and Nev,'bury diftridts ; which 
 fee. It contained, in 1790, 33,674 white 
 inhabitants, lent 12 reprefentatives and 4 
 fenators to the State legiflature, 3 of the 
 former aBd i of the latter for each co. 
 and I riember to Congrefs. It produces 
 conliderable'qunntities of tobacco for ex- 
 portation. Chi'if town Cambridge., or as 
 it was formerly called, Ni'/eiy Six, which 
 is 60 miles W by N of Columbia, 147 N 
 W of Charleflon, 49 N of Augufla in 
 Georgia, and 76-4 from Philadelphia. In 
 May 1781 this town was clofely be- 
 iieged by Gen. Greene, and bravely de- 
 fended by the Britifla, commanded by 
 ■Col. Ciuger. See Sout/j Carolina. 
 
 Nipcgon, a large river which empties 
 into L Superior, from the N. It leads to 
 a tribe of the Chippewas, who inhabit 
 near a lake of the fame name, which lies 
 about half way between L. Superior and 
 Albany River. Not far from the Nipe- 
 gon is a Imall river, which, jufi: before it 
 enters the lake, has a perpendicular fall, 
 f^om the top of a mountain of 6co feet. 
 It is very narrow, appears like a white 
 garter fufpended in the air. 
 
 Nipif/gLit Bay. A louthem projetSlion 
 of Chaieuf Bay is fo called. The river 
 of this name falls into it from the S W, 
 by a broad, bay like mouth. 
 
 Nipijjing Lake is N E of I^. Huron, and 
 connected with it by French River. 
 
 Niprjpns. Indians inhabiting near the 
 head waters of the Ottawas river. War- 
 rior'*, 300. 
 
 Nijao, a river which rifes in the centre 
 of the ifland ni St. Domingo, and falls in- 
 to the lea on the S iide, 7 leagues W of 
 Nigua River, 
 
 Nifqueunia, OX Nejiighmji, a fcttlement 
 
 f)n the Mohawk River, betw4.cn Albany 
 and Schcnedtady. It is the principal Itat 
 of the fociety called SLuhrs. 
 
 NHtariy Mountain, in Pennlylvania, is 
 between the Juniatta and the V*' branch 
 of Sufquehannah Rivtr. 
 
 NiVi'rnrAs, a. large bay at the E end of 
 I,;^ike Ontario. 
 
 Ni.xontcn, a poft town of N. Carolina, 
 
 and capital of Pafquotank co. ; lies on i 
 northern water of Albemarle Sound, and' 
 contains a court-houfe, gaol, and a few 
 dwelling houfes. it is s8 miles N E of 
 Edenton, and 468 S W of Philadelphia^ 
 
 Nohldorovgh, a townfl-\ip in IJncoln co. 
 Maine, incorporated in 1788, and con- 
 tains 804 inhabitants. It is 10 miles S 
 E of New Caflle, and 19* N E of Bof- 
 ton. 
 
 Nwleharcvgh, a town in Herkemer co. 
 N. York, on the head waters of Canada 
 Creek. 
 
 Nvbfqunjpt, OX NUfcufd, the N E part 
 of Yarmouth, in Barnftablc co. Maflachu- 
 fetts, where are 23 fait works, which 
 make nearly 5C0 bufliels of marine fait 
 yearly, worth 75 cents a bufliel. 
 
 Nochamixen, a lownfliip in Buck's co, 
 Pennfylvania, has 846 inhabitants. 
 
 Neddie s JJland, a fmall, pleafant and fer- 
 tile illand in Bofton harbour, Maffachu- 
 fetts. It is about a miles E N E of the 
 town, on the Chelfea fliore. It is occu- 
 pied as a farm, and yields large qiiantiticr 
 of excellent hay. 
 
 Nodit^ay, a river, or rather a long bay 
 which communicates with James' Bay, at 
 the vS E extremity of Rupert's River. 
 
 Nogales. See Walnut Hills. 
 
 Noir, or Black Rl'oer, in Louifiana, runs 
 fouthward, and joins Rogue or Red river; 
 which fee. 
 
 Noir, Cape, on the S W coaft of the ifl- 
 and of Terra del Fucgo, at the entrance 
 of the Straits of Magellan. S lat. 54 30, 
 W long. 73 13. 
 
 Ndir, Caps, or Black Cape, on the north- 
 ern Cde of Chaleur Bay, is about 7 league* 
 W N W of Bonaventurc. 
 
 Noix, IJIe ou, or Nut Jf.c^ a fmall ifle of 
 50 acres, near the Nend of L. Champlain, 
 and within the province of L. Canada. 
 Here the Britifli had a garrifon of too 
 men. It is about 5 miles N N E of the 
 mouth of La Cole River, 20 N of Ifle La 
 Motte, and 12- or 15 fouthward of St. 
 John's. 
 
 Nolachucky, a river in the eaflern part 
 of the State of Tcnneflec, which runs W 
 S W into French Broad River, about 26 
 miles from Holfton River. Near the 
 b3i»I:s of this river Greenville College is 
 eftablillxcJ, 
 
 NoUn Crsei, ? branch of Green River 
 in Kentucky. The ia-ud here is of an in- 
 ferior quality. 
 
 Neman's Land Tjlaud lies a little S W of 
 Martha's Vineyard, and is about 3 miles 
 long: and z broad. It belon</s to Dukes 
 
1^0 
 
 NOR 
 
 to. MaiTachufetls. N lat. 41 15, W long. 
 •7x J. 
 
 Nnmhre de Dies, a port to the S S E of 
 the cape to the eaftward of Porto' Bello, 
 on the Spanilli Main, at the cliftance of 
 about 7 leiigues. It is at the bottom of a 
 large deep bay, being wide to the E fide 
 in fat. 9 4? N, and long. 78 35 W. The 
 ifiands called Baftimentos are in this bay. 
 Large veOels feidom frequent this part 
 BOW, although there is from 5 to 8 fathoms, 
 end clean ground. Experience pointed 
 out that they were in danger of founder- 
 ing at anclior, fuch is the lury with which 
 the lea pours into tlie bay. Thofe velTels 
 that now vi fit it, if their buiinefs require 
 sny flay, prefer riding at the Baftimentos, 
 6r'?.t Porto Bfcllo; 
 
 N'mibre de Bros, on the W coaftof Mex- 
 - ico, on the N. Pacific Ocean, is a large 
 i'.nd popuUuiS town, a littic to the north- 
 ward of the tropic of Cancer, and ao 
 leagues to" the N of Gur.dalaxara, N lat. 
 £3 38, W long. 104. 
 
 Nanamr Lake^ in N America, e:ctends 
 from lat. 60 about 50 miles N. Its width 
 is about IS n^i'^s from eaft to weft. It 
 abounds with fine fifll. Hsarne, 
 
 Nunefuch; a river of Cumberland co. 
 Maine. It palTe^ to the fea through the 
 town of Scarborough ; and receives its 
 flame from its extraordinary frefliets. 
 
 N'jtiefuiJj^ a harbour at the E end of the 
 
 ifland of Antigua. The road is foul and 
 
 full of rocks ; and it lias aot more than 6 
 
 Or 8 feet water, except in one place, 
 
 V which is very difficult. 
 
 Noort Point, on the coaH: of Chili, is 
 the N point of the bay or ywrt of Coquim- 
 bo ; the other is called Point Torhigas. 
 
 Noohecvay ouc of the Ingrahani lOands, 
 faidto be the parent of them all, fituated 
 about 10 leagues S W of Ooahoona, Capt. 
 Roberts nam'ed it Adams ; it is the fame 
 which Capt. Ingrahani called Federal TJl- 
 and. The lat. of the body of the ifland is 
 8 58 S, and nearly in the f^.me meridian 
 with Wooapo, between 140 and 140 10 
 W long, from Greenwich. All accounts 
 <»f tlu. natives c oncurrcd, fays Capt. Rob- 
 crt.4, in rep'-clenting it as populous and 
 fruitful, and to have a large bay with 
 good anchorage. 
 
 Ncilla, or K'iig Geotgcs Sound, on the 
 N W coaft of N. America, ts very exten- 
 ilve. Thit part of it wliere the fliips un-. 
 dsr Capt. Cook anchored, lies in lat. 49 
 ,^6 N, and long. 12,6 42 W from Green- 
 wich. Cnpt. Cook judged the found to 
 •ccnpy a degree and a half in lat. and a 
 
 of long, exclufive of its arms and branched 
 unexplored. The whole found is fur- 
 rounded by high land, in many places 
 broken and rugged, and in general cov- 
 ered with wood to the very top. The 
 natives were numerous and were in pof- 
 feffion of iron and beads ; which proba- 
 bly were conveyed to them acrofs the 
 continent from Hudfon's Bay. They are 
 rather below the middle fize, and befmear 
 their bodies with red paint; but their fa- 
 ces are bedaubed with various colours. 
 The Strait Dc Fuca cncompaffes the large 
 clufler of ifiands among which this found 
 is fituated. See Fuca, Pintard, Wajblngton 
 IJlandi,zn& No>th JVcJl Caaf}. It was for- 
 mally taken pofieiTion of by Lieut. Pcarre 
 of the Britifli navy, in 1795, in the name 
 of his Britannic Majeftv. 
 
 Nurd, Rio del, or Rio Bravo. See North 
 River, in the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Norfolk, A populous maritime county of 
 MaiTachufetts, lately taken from the 
 fouthcrn part of Suffolk co. at^ lies to 
 the Ibuthvvard around the towri'ahd har- 
 bour of B')fton. It contains 20 town- 
 fliips, of v/hich Dedham is the feat of juf- 
 tice. Number of inhabitant.", 27,216. 
 
 Norfolk J a populous county of Virginia,' 
 bounded N by James' River, which di- 
 vides it from Warwick. It contains 7,75^ 
 free inhabitants, and 4,735 flaves. 
 
 ^Nurfoll-, a port of entry, poft town, and 
 feat of juftice in the above co. on the E 
 fide of Elizabeth River, immediately b*- 
 low the confluence of the e'iftern branch. 
 It is the moft confiderable commercial 
 town in Virginia. The channel of the 
 river is from 350 to 400 yards wide, and 
 at common flood tides has 18 feet water 
 up to the tov.n. The harbour is fafe and 
 ccmr.iodious, and large enough to contain 
 300 tbips. It was burnt on the iflof Jan. 
 1776. by the Liverpool man of war, by 
 order of the Britifli g<^i^iior Lord Dun- 
 more ; and the Iofs> amduiijted to ;^3co,0oo 
 flerling. It now contains arbbut 500 
 dwelling houfes, a court-hOufe, gaol, an- 
 Kpifcopal and Methoi»''fl church, a thea- 
 tre, and an acadcTiV. It contains 4,222 
 free inhabitPUK.*, and 2,724 fl^vcs. The 
 town is oo.frned by a mayor and fevera^ 
 aldermen. It carries on a brilk tTA(\e to 
 the V/. Indies, Europe, and the different 
 States, and couftitutcs, with Portfmouth, 
 which ftands 011 the oppofite fule of the 
 river, a port ct entry. The exports for 
 one year, cndingSept. 30th, 1794., amount- 
 ed to 1,660,752 dollar.'?. A canal, of 16 
 milee in length, is now cutting from the N 
 
 branch 
 
NOR 
 
 NOR 
 
 branch of Albemarle Sound in N. Caro- 
 lina, to the waters of the S branch of Eliz- 
 ■^beth River. It will communicate with 
 Eh'zabeth River 9 miles from Norfolk, 
 Merchant velTcls of the largefl: fize may go 
 within 3 mile from the motithof the canal; 
 and here the water beirtg frefli, the uorm, 
 which does lo much damage to veifels in 
 Norfolk and Portfmouth, will not afFed: 
 them. It is 114 miles E S E of Rich- 
 mond, 54 from Williamlburg^ 30 N E of 
 Suffolk, and 389 S by W of Philadelphia. 
 N lat. 3655, W long, 76 28. 
 
 Norfolk, a townlliip in Litchfield co, 
 Conneifticut, ij miles N of Litchfield on 
 the MafTachufetts' line. It ha* 1749 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Nurfulk County, in U. Canada, is bound- 
 ed on the N and E by the co. of Lincoln 
 and the river Thames, on the W by L. 
 Erie, until it meets the Barbue, (called 
 the Orwell River) thence by a line running 
 N 16 degrees weft until it interfedls the 
 Thames, and thence up the faid river 
 until it meets the N W boundary of the 
 CO, of York. Smyth. 
 
 Ncrman, Cape, oxi the W ccafl of New- 
 foundland Ifiand, is oil the gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, and the W entrance of the narrow- 
 bay of Mauco, 20 leagues from Cape Fer- 
 rol. N lat. 51 39, W. long. S5 58. High 
 water at full and change at 9 o'clock. 
 
 IsForonba T/land, Ferdinaitdo, in the South 
 Pacific Ocean, laid down in lat. 3 56 S, 
 and long. 32 38 W. Capt. Cook, in his 
 Tecond voyage, locked for it in long. Z'^ $■, 
 but did not find it. 
 
 Ncrridgeivoch, a pofi: town In Kennebeck 
 CO. on Kennebeck river, Maine, incorpo- 
 rated in 1788, and contains 633 inhabit- 
 ants. It is lO miles W of Canaan, 35 N W 
 of Augufta. The Indian town of this 
 name lfo<:d about 40 miles above Fort , 
 Halifax, where Kennebeck R. as you af- 
 cend it, after taking a S W courfe, turns 
 to the N, and forms a point where the 
 town ftood. It was dtftroycd by a party 
 under Col. Harman in 1724. 
 
 Noriiton or Norrijloriy the principal town 
 in Montgomery co. Pennfylvania, is about i 
 %o miles N VV of Philadelphia, on the N 
 bank of the Schuylklli, having about 30 
 eompadt houles, a court houfe and gaol, 
 r.ud a handfome edifice of ftone for the 
 prefervatioa of records, and an obfcrva- 
 tory. Th's tov.n has 9x2 inhabitants, 
 and was the refidcnce of that celebrated 
 philolbpher and pliiianthropift,Dr. Duv'id 
 R'lttenh.Aife, In his Obfervatory, nc.r his 
 manfion houfe, he was interred, agreca- 
 
 bly to his requeft, June, 17 96. His tomb- 
 ftone contains nothing but his name and 
 the fimple record of the days and years 
 of his birth and death. " Here, (favs the 
 elegant writer of his eulogy. Dr. Rujh) 
 fliall thephilofophcrs of future ages refort 
 to do homage to his tomb, and children 
 yet unborn ihall point to the dome which 
 covers it, and exultingly fay, " There lies 
 our PJttenboufcr 
 
 North yh/ierica comprehends all that 
 part of the continent of America which 
 lies N of the ifthmus of Darien, extending 
 N and S from about the loth dcg. of N 
 lat. to the North Pole ; and E and W 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, 
 between the 57th and 168th dcg. of W 
 long, from Greenwich. Beyond the 70th 
 degree N lat. few difcoverics have beea 
 made. North America was difcovercd in 
 1495, in the reign of Henry VII. by John 
 Cabot, a Venetian ; and was then thickly 
 inhabiced by Indians. It is now fuppofed 
 that there are not more than two miliions 
 and an half of the aborigines in N. and 
 S. America. In July, 1779, Capt. Cook, 
 and fince Capt. Vancouver and many 
 others, have explored and dtfcribed the 
 weftern coaft of N. America. 1'he former 
 proceeded as far as lat. 7 i, when he came 
 ro a folid body of ice from continent to 
 continent. The interior country ha« 
 been explored by MelTrs. Hcarne and 
 Mackenzie. The former went northward 
 to the Frozen Ocean at the mouth of Cop- 
 permine River. I'he latter embarked at 
 Fort Chepewyan on the S of the Lake 
 of the Hills, in lat. 58 40 N, long, no 
 3® W, in June, 1789, in a canoe of birch 
 bark, with 10 aflbciates, 3 of whom were 
 in another canoe. His courfe was norrh- 
 wefterly to feek the Frozen Ocean. 
 Mountains and vallies, dreary waftes and 
 wide fprcading forefts, lakes and rivers, 
 fncceed each other in his deferlptions. 
 Very I'mall bands of wandering fav.Toes 
 were the only people he difcovered. 
 After leaving the Lake of the Hills, he 
 entered tiie Slave River, from which he 
 palled to the Slave Lake, a large body 
 of frefii water, in about lat. 61 and 62 N, 
 and long, no to 120 W. The country 
 round wears a barren afpedl.bu: produces 
 a great variety of berries, and is covered 
 with large trees of Ipruce-pine and white 
 birch. Where thefc are deftroyed, poplars 
 fuccccd, thouoh none were fecn before. 
 From this lake he entered Mackenzie's 
 River, a deep and fpacious ftream. Oa 
 it* banks he found encampmeiits of Knif- 
 
 ttyxeaifx 
 
NOR 
 
 NOR 
 
 Ceneaux Indians. This wandering trii^e 
 fpread over a vafl extent of country. 
 Ihtir I^.nguagc is the fame as that of the 
 natives on the waters of the St. X>avvrence 
 and tJie coaft. of Labrador. They are of 
 a moderate ftaturc, well proportioned and 
 acSlivc. Their dreis is fimple, countenance 
 open, and eyes black, 'i'heir women are 
 the moft comely of f.ivagcs, and not inat- 
 tentive to their own perlbus, but flill pay 
 more attention to the decoration of the 
 men. '1 hele people are affable, indulgent 
 to their cliildren, and hofpitable to ftran- 
 ■ gcrs. Chaflity they cohlider not as a 
 virtue ; they make temporary exchanges 
 of wives, and a profilr of them to flran- 
 gers is a p.n-t of their hofpitality ; inctft 
 and bcftiality arc not uncommon. At 
 their funerals the mourners cut otT their 
 hair, lacerate their flelli. blacken their 
 faces ; and widows, as in the Eafl, fome- 
 tiniesfacrifice thevufelves. Smoking pre- 
 cedes all matters of importance. 'I'his 
 facred rite leides all dificrences between 
 contending pcrfons ; it is never violated. 
 >Jo perfon may join in this folenvn act, 
 who has cohabited with a woman within 
 34 hours — he "is nnclean." 
 
 After proceeding down this river to 
 lat. 69 i N, and about long. 134 W, he 
 reached the tide waters of the Frozen 
 Ocean ; but in the middle of July was for- 
 bidden to proceed any further by cxten- 
 iive fields of :cc,and returned to Chepew- 
 van Fe»ft, having been ahfent 102 days, 
 in October, 1792, he proceeded on a 
 voyage to the N. Pacific Ocean. From 
 the Lake of the Hills he afcended the 
 Peace River, which in the dr iefi feafon is 
 a qi'.arter of a mile in breadth ; the foil 
 on each fide is low and rich. Like oth- 
 er unchrifti:uiizeti people, the Indians on 
 tiiis river prae^ife polygamy. The wo- 
 men ere in the lowefl fi'te of dtbafement ; 
 mure indecent and filthy than the mt^. 
 The females perform all the drudgery al- 
 lotled ro brutes in civilized fociety, ex- 
 cepting vvhat aid they receive from a few 
 fmali dog.;. While the men carry nothing 
 but a gua, their wives and daughters follow 
 v.'hh inch oppreffivc burdens, that if they 
 }ay them cuu-n dicy are unal^ to raife 
 them a;ialn. This help the men will not 
 *lcignto lend them ; thry often, therefore, 
 Icnnaj^ninfta tree Ibr a partial, temporary 
 relief. Tl^efc people are total ftrangcrs to 
 the moil fintple remedies in time of fick- 
 nefs. At their fnncrals, among other ex- 
 travagant tokens of grief, the females, 
 for the dearth of a f:ivourite foi', or huf- 
 
 band, or father, fomctimes cur ofFa fingef 
 at the firfi joint. Some of the old women 
 have not a whole finger on either hand. 
 The property of. the perfon dtceafed is 
 all dcffroyed, that the fight of things con- 
 nected with him, may not renew their 
 grief. Thefc favages arc gre«t gamefters, 
 purfuing the buQnefs fomctimes for afuc- 
 cefiion of days and nights. 
 
 In the mountains which feparate the 
 waters of the Atlpdntic and Pacific Oceans,, 
 are feveral chafms, which emit fmokc and 
 fire with a fulphureous fmell. Finding 
 the ftrcams of the weft did not tend di- 
 rcdtly to the fea, Mr. Mackenzie proceed- 
 ed by land for a confidcrable time, find- 
 ing in general a tolerable road or path 
 mnde by the favages. As he advanced 
 nearer the ocean, the fettlements of the 
 natives were more numerous and perma- 
 nent ; the manner of living mere com- 
 fortable, the flate of fociety fomewhat im- 
 proved : men took a fliare in domeftic 
 labours, and women were more rcfpedted. 
 Architecture was improved ; painting and 
 carving had made fome progrefs. The 
 timber of a houfe w^as fecn hewn on two 
 fides; theend of the ridge-pole was carved 
 in the form of a fuake's head ; the infidc of 
 feveral buildings were decorated withpain- 
 ted hieroglyphics. In fome of their villages 
 are temples fupportcd by pillars, carved 
 in the fliape of men. Thtfe are painted 
 black and red. Tlieir waters are ftored 
 with falmon, and they hofpitably invite' 
 the ftranger to lliare in their plenty : a 
 variety of berries enrich the fcaft. Cop- 
 per, iron and brafs are frequently feen 
 near the fea, which the natives had par- 
 chafed of European fiiips. The foil is 
 good; alder trees are 7^ feet in circum- 
 ftrence and 40 feet without a branch :, 
 cedars are 24 feet in circumference and 
 proportionally high. Willows, fprucc, 
 birch, and hemlock are common. Their 
 canoes of cedar ca:rry ^o perfons. In 
 fome inftances, when a perfon dies he l» 
 buried till another of the family fliali de- 
 ceafe, then he is taken up and burned, 
 and the oth~r perfon laid in the fame 
 grave. They believe in a good and evil 
 Spirit, and have feai'ons for public ar.d 
 private worlhip. In lat. 52 21 3^^ and Ion. 
 128 2 W, Mr. Mackenzie reached tlic 
 great Pacific Ocean, and with vcrmillron 
 infcribed on the fide of a rock by the 
 fljore — 
 
 ■' A/cxa/iJ'cr Iid'ucicfizle,yfcm Canada by land,. 
 
 the titcnty-fccoiid ofjuly, cnc ihoufaud 
 
 ' fcvenhundrcdand n'mcty-thrc!." 
 
 ' Tb- 
 
NOR 
 
 NOR 
 
 The vaft tract of country, lying on the 
 ^Pacific Ocean, and N W of the U. States, 
 extending as far N as the country is hab- 
 itable, is inhabited chiefly by various na- 
 tions and tribes of Indians. TI;e Indians 
 alio poffefs large tradts of country •^vichin 
 the Spatiifl], American, and Britifli do- 
 minions. Thofe parts of N. America, 
 jaot inhabited by Indians, belong (if we 
 include Grc.nliind) to Denmark, Great 
 Britain, the American States, and Spain. 
 Spain claims the Floridas, New TvTcxico 
 and California. Great Britain claims all 
 she country inhabited by Eurcpeans, ly- 
 ing N and E of the U. gcates, except 
 Greenland, which belongs to Denmark. 
 Ilie remaining part, incliidiiig Louifiana, 
 is the territory of the U. States. The 
 particular provinces and State* are ex- 
 hibited in the following 
 
 r ABLE. 
 
 Be- 
 long 
 to 
 
 Countries, Prozr- 
 
 iih-es, and 
 
 States. 
 
 
 eft Greenland, 
 
 about 
 
 x] 
 
 h'umbcr of 
 Inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 10,000 
 
 unknown 
 
 80,000 
 
 150,000 
 
 7,000 
 
 I,Q00 
 
 do. 35,000 
 
 I^Ncw Britain 
 w j Upper Canada about 
 
 c. j Lower Canada do. 
 ^j Newfoundland do. 
 o S Cape Breton Ifland do. 
 S' j New Brunfwick 
 9 j Nova Scotia 
 
 (_St. John's Ifland 3' in 1783, 5,000 
 
 ["Vermont in 1800 154,465 
 
 j New HampHiire 
 
 iMaflachufetts ") 
 D\{[-\a. of Maine]' 
 
 j Rhode Ifland 
 
 J Conncfflicut 
 
 j New York 
 
 j New Jerfcy 
 C J Pennlylvanla 
 •^ j Delaware 
 ^ Maryland 
 S' V ir<Tinia 
 
 d. ^ Kentucky 
 2.. j North Carolina 
 I" j South Carolina 
 M j Georgia 
 2 I TennefTee 
 
 j Ohio 
 
 Wavne Cinintv, a diflincl") , / 
 
 ' f^ - ' >■ do, 3,206 
 
 Govtrnirrent j ■^ 
 
 Indiana Tcrritorv, N W> , ^ 
 
 C fW T>- r do. 6,407 
 
 of Ohio River j ^ ' 
 
 MiiTillppi Territory do. 8,840 
 
 Louifiana, lately pur- 7 ^ ., .- 
 ^chafed by the U. States. J ^^^ "'■^"""- 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 183,858 
 422,845 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 151,719 
 69,122 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 257,002 
 5 86. 050 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 211,149 
 
 <''02,545 
 6-^,273 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 349>f'92 
 886.149 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 220,929 
 478,103 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 34«r.9co 
 162,686 
 
 do. 
 
 105,602 
 
 do. 
 
 4i»i59 
 
 tn pEaft Florida urU^nowR 
 
 I I Weft Florida do. 
 
 • <( New Mexico do. 
 
 Cr.lifornla do. 
 
 ^ (^Mexico, or New Spain do. 
 
 Nortbamf'ton^ a Urge uneven county of 
 Pennfylvania ; in the N E corner of the 
 State, on Dclav.-are River, which feparates 
 it from N. Jerfev and N. York. It is di- 
 vided into 27 townfliips, and contains 
 30,062 inhabitants. 
 
 Northon/pton^ a tov,'nf!iip in Buck's co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 942 inhabitants. 
 
 Ncriharaptony a town in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, on the S W bank of 
 Lehigh River, 5 or 6 miics S W of Beth- 
 lehem. It has 573 inhabitants. 
 
 NortL.:niptor, a CO. of Halifax diftrl^Sl, 
 N, Carolina, bounded N by the State of 
 Virginia, containing 12,331 inhabitsnts, 
 including 6,206 flaves. 
 
 Ncrthampton, a maritime co. of Virgin- 
 ia, on the point of the peninfu'.a, which 
 forms the E ^x^c of the entrance into 
 Chefapeak Bay. It has the ocean E, and 
 Accomack county on the N. Its fouth- 
 ern extremity is Cape Charles, in lat. 37 
 n N, and Ion,';. 75 57 W, ofF which is 
 the fmall ifland called Smith's lilai^d. 
 This county contains 3,585 free ir.habit- 
 ants, and 3,178 flaves. The lands are low 
 and fandy. 
 orihamj 
 
 CO. where a poPt ofTire is ktpt, is ^o miles 
 S by W of Accomack court houfc, 43 N 
 E of Norfolk, and 239 S of Philadelphia. 
 
 Northampton^ a rcfpe61:ablc pofl: tov/n 
 and capita! of Planr.plhlrc co. JMstfTachu- 
 fctts, litUcUed within a bend of ConnccTti- 
 rut river, on its W Cde, 40 miles N of 
 Hartford, and 97 W of Bofton. It con- 
 tains a fpacious congregational church, a 
 court houfe, gaol, and about 250d\vel!ing- 
 houfes, many of which are handfome 
 liui'ldhigs. Its meadows are extcnlive and 
 fertile; and it carries on a confiderable 
 inh^nd trade. This townfliip was incor- 
 porated in 16S5, and contains 2,190 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Northampton, a tov.'nfliip in Burlington 
 CO. N.Jerfcy, which contains r\hout 56,000 
 acres, half of which is under improve- 
 ment, the ctHcj half h nioflly pine barren. 
 'J^ie chief pi rice in tiie to'.vnfliip ii called 
 Mount Holly.'" It contains about 150 
 houfes, ail Epifcopal eiuirch, a Friend's 
 meeting-'noufe, and a market-houfc. It is 
 22 miles from Trenton, and 20 from Phil- 
 adelphia. See i!ioi'/7/ Hollw 
 
 Narthl'ovr.:gh, a townUiip \a Vrorccftcr 
 
 CO. 
 
NOR 
 
 N Q R 
 
 eo. Maffachufett?, formerly the northern 
 pare of Weftborough. It was incorpora- 
 ted in i-j^o.Rnd contain? 69*0 inhabitants. 
 It is ro miles ^ of Worccilcr, and 36 W 
 of Bo Ron. 
 
 Ncrtbbridge, ?. townfliip \\\ Worctfler 
 CO. MafTachufetts, taken from Uxhrjd;.^e, 
 which bound? it on tlic H It was incor- 
 porated In 1772, and contains 544 inhab- 
 itants. Blackfl:one Rivei; nius through 
 this town. It is \ % miles S by E of Wor- 
 cefter, and 45 S W of liufton. 
 
 N.!rth CatoUnay onp of the U. StateSj is 
 bounded N by Virginia ; E by the Atlan- 
 tic Occsn; S'by sl Carolina, and W by 
 the State of Tenncffce. It lies between 
 22, 5c and %6 30 N lat. .-'.nd between 76 
 8 and 83 8 \V long, being about 450 miles 
 in length, and 180 in breadth, containing 
 about 34,000 fquare miles. The diftritSs 
 of this Sta^e are chfled in 3 divifions, 
 viz. The Eaf.crn diftridts, Fy.ftntnn, jV>w- 
 hern and fFilmh^t.n— the M'Mle diftridls, 
 Fayeite'v'ille, Jlilljhorough. and Halifax — and 
 the Wcjltrn diftricis, Morgan and Sal'Jhury. 
 The caftern diftricls are on the fea-coafl, 
 extending from the Virginia line fputh- 
 ■ward to S. Carolina. The five others 
 cover the whole State, W cf the maritime 
 diflricTts ; and the greater part of them ex- 
 tend acrofs the State from N to S. Thcfe 
 diftritfls are fubdividcd into 58 counties, 
 which contain 478,103 inhabitants, of 
 whom 133,^96 are flaves. The chief r/^rrj 
 of N.Caroli^ia r,re Chpwan and its branch- 
 es, Rn3npke,Tar,Ntu?,and Cape Fear or 
 Clarendon. 7\4<)ft of thcie and the fmaller 
 rivers have bars nt their montjis ; and 
 the coaft furnifl^e'? no good harbours ex- 
 cept Cape Eenr. Thereare aremarka[)ie 
 fu'Qnrps in this State, the one in Curri- 
 tuck CO. the other on the line between 
 this State and Virginia. Sec Currituck 
 County, and lYifntaL The mod remarkable 
 founds arc Alliemar'e, Panilico and Core 
 .Sounds — the f/?^*;,! ookout,Hatteras and 
 Fear; which arc defcrihcd Tender their 
 refpciTlive nr-.mes. Newbtrn i.^ the lar- 
 gefl: town in the State; the other towiis 
 of nore arc Edcnton, Wilmington, Hali- 
 fax, Hi'lfborough, Salifonry and Fayette- 
 villc ; each of v/h'fh have beeii,, in their 
 turns, tliC feat of the general aflemhly 
 Raleigh, fitiiatcd near the centr^; of the 
 St^te, lus lately been eftablinatd as the 
 metropolis, and here the U.nivcrfity of 
 the State is cft.'.bli Hud. N- Carolina, in 
 its v.-ho!c width, for 60 rpilles from the 
 fea, is a dead level. A great proportion 
 cf this tract liu in I'orcft, and ia barren. 
 
 On th<? banks of fonic cf tfic river«, par%, 
 ticularly of the Roanoke, the land is fer- 
 tile and good. Interfperfed through th? 
 other parts arc glades of rich fwamp, 
 and ridges of oak land, of a black; ferti!^ 
 foil. Sixty or 80 miles from the fea, th^ 
 country rifes into hills and mountains, as 
 in S. Carolina and Georgia. Wheat, 
 rye, barley, oats and flax, grow well ia 
 the back billy country. I-ndian corn and 
 puife of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton 
 and hemp :^rc aifo confiderabiy cultivated, 
 here, and might be raifed in mych great- 
 er plenty. The cotton is planted yearly : 
 The flalk dies Avith the froft- The' labour 
 of one man will produce loco pounds in 
 the feeds, or 250 fit for manufacturing. 
 The labour of a man and horfe will pro- 
 duce 700 bulliels of Indian corn annually;. 
 Vines flourifli here, and promife to be an 
 article of prolit. The wine is not infe- 
 rior to Port. A great proportion of the 
 produce of the back country, confifling 
 of tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, &c. is car- 
 ried to market in S. Carolina and Virgin- 
 ia. The fouthern interior counties carry, 
 their produce to Charleflon, and the 
 northern to Peterfourg, in Virginia. The 
 exports fron> the lower partr, of the State 
 arc tar, pitch, turpentine, rofin, Indian 
 corn, boards, fcantling, flaves, fliingles, 
 furs, tobacco, pork, lard, tallow, bees-wax, 
 myrtle-wax, and a few other articles, 
 amounting in the year ending Sept. 30th, 
 1791, to 524,548 dollars ; in i8or, to, 
 659,390 dollars. Tlieir trade is chiefly 
 with the "^'efl: Indies and tlie northern, 
 States. In tl)c flat country near the fta- 
 coaft, the inhabitants, during the fummer 
 and autumn, are fubjecft to intermitting 
 fevers, which often prove fatal, as bilious 
 or nervous fymptoms prevail. The weft- 
 em hilly parts of the State are as healthy 
 as any part of America. That country, 
 is fertile, full of fprings and rivulets of 
 pure water. Autumn is very pleafant, 
 both in regard to the temperatnrc and 
 ferenity of the weather, and the richnefs 
 and Variety of the vegetable prudij'IVions, 
 which the fc-'foiia/Toras. The winters are' 
 fo mils? in fo^ie years, that autumn may 
 be faid to continue till fpring-. Wheat 
 harvcfl: is in the beginnWjg of June, and 
 that of Indian corn early m September. 
 Hie large natural growth of the plains^ 
 in tl-.e low country, is almofl: univcrfally 
 pitcli-pinc, which is a tall handfome tree, 
 far fuperior to the pitch-pine of the nor- 
 thern States. This tree may be called 
 the ftaplc commodity of N. Carolina. It 
 
NOR 
 
 N OR 
 
 fiRbrds pitch, tar, turpentine, and various i 
 kinds of lumber, which, together, confti- ; 
 tute at leaftone half of the exports of this ; 
 State. No country produces finer white I 
 and red oak for ftaves. The fwamps | 
 abound with cyprefs and bay trees. The i 
 latter is an evergreen, and is food for the | 
 cattle in winter. The Mifsletoe is common I 
 in the middle country. This is a fhrub, '< 
 which differsinkind,perhaps, from all oth- > 
 crs. It never grows out of the earth, but ' 
 on the tops of trees. The roots (if they ; 
 may be fo called) run under the bark of 
 the tree, and incorporate with the wood. I 
 It is an evergreen, refembling the garckn j 
 box-wood. In many parts are found gin- j 
 feng, Virginia and Seneca fnake-root, far- j 
 faparilla, and other medical plants and ! 
 roots. The late war, by which N. Caro- 
 lina was greatly Injured, put a ftop to 
 feveral iron works. There are 4 or 5 j 
 furnaces in the State, that are in blaft, 
 and a proportionablp number of forges. ! 
 In the maritime diftridls the prevailing ' 
 religions are the Epifcopalian and Metl^- 1 
 odift. The wcflern parts of this State, ; 
 which have been fettled within the laft j 
 40 years, arc chiefly inhabited by Prefby- i | 
 tcrians from Pennfylvania, the defcend- jl 
 ants of people from the North of Ireland, ! 
 and are exceedingly attached to the doc- | 
 trines, difcipline and ufagcs of the church I 
 of Scotland. They arc a regular and in- j 
 duftrioiis people. The Moravians have j 
 feveral flourifliing fettlements in the up- j 
 per part of the State. The Friends or ' 
 Quakers have a fettlement in New Gar- t 
 den jn Guilford co. and feveral congre- [I 
 gations at Pcrquimins and Pafquotank. ! ' 
 The Mtthcdifts and Baptifts are nume- ij 
 rous and incrcafing. The General Affem- i 
 biy of N. Carolina, in Dec. 1789, pafTed | 
 a law incorporating 40 gentlemen, 5 from j 
 each Jiftrii.4. as truftees of the Univerfity ! 
 of N. Carolina. The State has given i 
 handfome donations for the cndi)wment ; 
 of this feminary. The General AlTembly, | 
 in Dec. 17 91, loaned £sPOO to the truf- ! 
 tees, to enable them to proceed immedi- i 
 ately with their buildings. There is a 
 very good academy at Warrcnton, anoth- j 
 cr in Williamfborough, in GranvHlp, and 
 3 or 4 others in the State, of coniiderablc I 
 note. North Carolina has had a rapid ! 
 growth. In the year 17 10, it contained ; 
 but about 1200 fenfible men. In 1794,1 
 the number waseOimated at about 50,000. j 
 it is now, in point of number>, tlie fifth | 
 Stare in the Union. By the confbtutinn \ 
 ,#f this State, which was ratified in Dec. 
 
 1796, all Icgiflative authority is veiled in 
 two diflindl branches, both dependent on 
 the people, viz. a Senate and Houfe of 
 Commons, which, when convened for 
 bufincfs, are ftyled the General Allcmbly. 
 Thefeuatc is compofed of reprcfentatives, 
 I from each co. chofen annually by bal- 
 lot. The houfe of commons coniifts of 
 reprcfentatives chofen in the fame way, 
 a for each county, and one for each of 
 the town? of Edenton,Nevvbern, Wilming- 
 ton, Salifbury, Hilllborough, Halifax, and 
 Fayetteville. Tlie hiftory of N. Carolina 
 is lefs known than that of any other of the 
 St<ites. From thebcft accounts that hiflory 
 afibrds the firfl; permanent fcttlement in 
 N. Carolina was made about the year 
 17 10, by a number of Palatines from 
 Germany, who had been reduced to cir- 
 cumftances of great indigence, by a ca- 
 lamitous war. The infant colony re- 
 mained under tJie general government of 
 S. Carolina, til] about the year 1729, when 
 7 of the proprietors, for a valuable con- 
 fideration, vefted their property and ju- 
 rifdidlion in the crown ; and the colony 
 was eredied into a leparate province, by 
 the name of N. Carolina, and its prcfent 
 limits cftablillied by an order of George 11. 
 North Cojlle, a townfliip of Weft Cheaer 
 CO. N. York, N of Mount Pleafant, and 
 the White Plains on the borders of Con* 
 nedlicut. It contains 1,168 inhabitants. 
 
 North Eajly a fmall river which empties 
 in at the head of Chefapeak Bay, about 5 
 miles below Charlcflown; only noticeable 
 for the quantity of herrings caught in it. 
 
 Notth Eaji Tozvn, in Dutchels co. Ne\r 
 York, about 90 miles N of N. York city ; 
 between Rhynhcck and Connedticut weft 
 line. It contains ^^'^S'^ inhabitants. 
 
 North Ed'ijio Inlets on the coaft-of South, 
 Carolina, is 11 miles from Stono Inlet, 
 and 3 E N E from South Edifto. 
 
 North End, Matthev/'s.county, Virginia, 
 Here is a port oflice, 185 miles fiom 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Northern Indians^ thofc wandering tribes 
 which inhabit that region of N. America, 
 which lies between lat. 59 and 68 N, be- 
 ing 500 miles wide, bounded E by Hud- 
 fon's Bay, W by the country of tlie Ath- 
 apufcow Indians; by Churchill R. S, and 
 by the Dogribbed and Copper Indians N. 
 In their perfons they arc generally above 
 the common fi/e, ftrongbut not corpulent. 
 They are neither active nor lively in their 
 difpofitions. They have very low fore- 
 heads, fmall cyc^y high cheek bones, Ro- 
 man nofes, full cheeks, and generally long, 
 
 broad 
 
NOR 
 
 NOR 
 
 rbroAd china. They have 3 or 4 parallel 
 'flrokcs marked black on each check. 
 They are moroie, covetous and ungrate- 
 ful. Always pleading poverty, they arc 
 mafters of deception. When they viiu 
 the E.ngliih faftorles, to ol>i;iin their vvifli- 
 e?, they will groan, figh, and flicd tears, 
 affccTt to be lame, blind, bathe one check 
 , in tears, while the other exhibits A fignif- 
 icant fmile. The leafi reipc*5l renders 
 them intolerably infolent. They will dif- 
 guifc their pcrlons, change their carncF, 
 iud i'uborn falfc witnefres to evade the 
 payment of an honeft debt. Still they 
 have fome good qualities \ being mild, 
 temperate in drinking, never guilty oi' 
 riot and violence. Their jiiarriages are 
 not attended with any ceremony- The: 
 women have no choice, but are betrothed 
 by their parents in childhood. Men 40 
 ycj'rs'old often have wives 10 or 12, A 
 •man has as many wives aq he pleafes, who 
 perforin all the drudgery, and hardeft la- 
 bour. The men are jealous, and divorces 
 are common. The only ceremony for 
 this is a drubbing, Jiud turning the woman 
 .out of doors. There are certain periods 
 ^■hen the women arc not allowed to 
 ..dwcU in the fame tent with their huf- 
 bands. At thofe times they are obliged 
 to build a fmall hovel for themfelvcs. 
 • The vomen fometimes turn this cuftom 
 to their account : when they wifli to 
 "leave their hufbands, they have only, as 
 h neceffary at thofe periods, to creep un- 
 der the eve? of the tent, for they are not 
 allowed to pafs through the door. Some- 
 times a woman will fo leave her huiband 
 for 4 or 5 days, two or three times in a 
 mtmth. Delicacy on the part of the huf- 
 bands forbids inquiries. At thefe periods, 
 ■the women may not walk on the ice of a 
 liver or lake, nor near the place v.'here 
 the men are hunting beaver, nor near a 
 Tifliing net, which is fet, nor may they 
 •est the head of any animal, nor may they 
 walk in or aerofs \\\c track where the 
 head of a deer, mocfe, beaver, and fevcr- 
 ^1 other animals have been drawn or car- 
 ried. Many of thofe people boil their 
 .food in vefiels of birch hark, by eafting 
 in hot floues, and often for want of wood 
 their meat and fiili are eaten raw. Mag- 
 gots, lice and blood arc among their tlain- 
 ties. The water and woods lurnifli their 
 •fnpport ; fiili and game are plenty. When 
 thefe faii, a black, hard mofs from the 
 rocks is a fubfbtute. I'his is boiled, 
 rnd affords comfortable nourifl5ment. 
 Their principal dlfcafes are tlw; fcurvy, 
 
 confuHfiption, and flux. They have nt 
 remedies, but the tricks of their conju- 
 rors. Superftition covers their mind* 
 with a difmal veil. The firft fiih caught 
 in a new net, muft be broiled whole, not 
 a joint broken, the bones burned entire, 
 or the net would not he worth a farthing. 
 In the ftraits which unite two lakes, they 
 might often unite a few nets and fill 
 the channel, and catch every fifli that 
 fliould pafs, but they fcattcr them, faying 
 that one net would be jealous of anoth- 
 er, and not a fifli would be taken. When 
 any of their principal Indians die, it i.s 
 believed they are conjured to death. So 
 penetrated are their minds with the pow- 
 er of conjurors that only a threat has 
 been known a^kually to occafion death. 
 For a near friend they mourn a year. 
 The dead are left on the ground to be 
 devoured by fowls and hearts. The aged 
 and Tick, who cannot travel, are left with 
 a little water and proviiions to die alone. 
 The aged are always treated with ncg- 
 led:, and fed with the mcanefl: food. It 
 has ever been a cuftom for a man to 
 wreftle for the woman of his choice. A 
 weak hufband is at tl* mercy of every 
 neighbour ftrongcr than himfelf for the 
 poflcfUon of his wife. He is obliged to 
 accept a ciiallenge, and if thrown muft 
 rcfign the friend of his life. A cuftom 
 prevails of exchanging a night's lodging 
 with each others wives. This, inftead of 
 being confidered as a brutal crime, as the 
 pure morality of the gofpel teaches, is a 
 feal of lafting friendlliip betTveen the two 
 families. When either of the men die, 
 the other confiders himfelf bound tofup- 
 port the family deprived of a hufband 
 and father. Two or three lifters are off 
 ten wives to the fame hufband. Of re- 
 ligion they fcem more deftitute than al- 
 moft any other people. Their conjurors 
 pretend to converfe with fpirits, but nei- 
 ther they nor the people have any juft 
 i(ieas of morals or religion. Nothing but 
 prefent ptrfonal,or domcftic evils diftarh 
 their minds. Of futurity they feem to 
 have no idea. To indu'gc their own paf- 
 fions, and promote their own intereft arc 
 their only objecjls, total ftrangers to the 
 morality of Chriftians, and the benevo- 
 lence of the gofpel. How defjrable it ia 
 that thefe dreary abodes of paganifm 
 fhould be cheered with the glad tidings 
 of life and immortality. But of this the 
 profpetn: is very remote, their wander- 
 jng life, their want of that fubordination 
 which is common ever among favages. 
 
K O R 
 
 NOR 
 
 and their peculiar ftupidity, are forbid- 
 ding circumftances. Hearnc. 
 
 Notthern Archifclage confifts of fcTcral 
 groups of iflands, which are fstuated be- 
 tween the caftern coaft of Kamtfchatka, 
 in Afia, and the weftern coaft of Ameri- 
 ca. Thefe iflands are frequented on ac- 
 count of their valuable furs. If the ac- 
 counts of navigators who have vifited 
 them may be credited, the moft perfe<5t 
 equality reigns among thefe iflanders; 
 they live in the primitix'e patriarchal 
 tnanner, and every perfon looks upon his 
 ifland a« a pofleffion, the property of 
 which is common to all the individuals of 
 the lame fociety. They feem cold and in- 
 different in moft of their anions ; but let 
 an injury or even a fufpicion roufc them 
 rrom'this phlegmatic ftate, they become 
 inflexible and furious, taking the moft 
 violent revenge, without any regard to 
 the confequences. The leaft affli<^on 
 prompts them tofuicide. 
 
 Northficld, a townfliip in Orange co. 
 Vermont, between ^o and 30 mile* W of 
 Newbury, in the W part of the county. 
 It has 204 inhabitants. 
 
 NorthJieU, a plcafant poft town in the 
 J^ part of Hampfliire co. Maflachufctts; 
 on the E fide of Conne<9:icut River, 30 
 miles N of Northampton, 87 N W by W 
 of Bofton. It contains 1047 inhabitants. 
 The town was incorporated in 167 3, and 
 ibme years after defolated by the Indians. 
 The inhabitants returned again in 1685, 
 but it was foon after deftroyed a fecond 
 time. In 17 13 it was again rebuilt, and 
 one third of the townfliip wa* taken off, 
 and incorporated by the name of Hinf- 
 dale. Fort Dummer was in the vicinity 
 of this town. 
 
 N'jrthficld^ a fmall town in Rockingham 
 CO. N.Hamplhire, taken from Canterbury, 
 on the E (Ide of Merrimack River, and 
 incorporated in 1780. It contains ^i^ 
 inhabitant?. 
 
 Noithfel'U a townfliip in Richmond co. 
 Staten iHand, N. York, containing 1,387 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Nortbfotd, a parifii of Branfordj New 
 H.iven CO. Connedlicut, where is a poft 
 office, ro miles E bf N. Haven. Here is a 
 Congregational and an Epifcopal church. 
 
 North Hampton, a townfliip of New 
 Hampfliire, in Rockingham co. which 
 contains Gy^ inhabitants, taken trom 
 Hampton, and incorporated in 174Z. 
 
 Nottb Hiivt^fi, A tov^nfliip of Connf;(5^!- 
 cut, lituatcd in New Haven co, ou the E 
 lide of Eaft River, 8 n>ile» N by E ui" N. 
 
 Haven, and 3a S by W of Hartford. It 
 contains 1,157 inhabitants. It was fettled 
 in 1660 by ^$ men. principally from Say- 
 brook. This town is the birth-place of 
 that learned, pious, and excellent maa, 
 Dr. Ezra Stiles, late prefidcnt of Yalt 
 College. 
 
 North Hempftead, a townfliip in Queen's 
 CO. Long Illand, N. York ; bounded eaft* 
 erly by Oyfter Bay, northerly by the 
 Sound, and S by S. Hempftead. It con- 
 tains 2,4.13 inhabitants, of whom 269 are 
 flaves. In 1796, 233 of the inhabitant! 
 were qualified eletftor»< The foil is but 
 indifferent. 
 
 North Hii.nthaton, a towufliip in Weft* 
 moreland CO. Pemifylvania. It has 1,484 
 inhabitants. 
 
 North Jfiand, ^r\ the coaft of S. Caroli- 
 na, lies on the N fide of Winvah Harbour, 
 
 Nortbl'trted LcjIi, in N. America, is about 
 160 miles S of the head of Cheftcrlield 
 Inlet; is full of iflands, and about 80 milel 
 longj and 25 broad. 
 
 Nurtb Kvigjioivn, a town in Wafliinjj'* 
 ton CO. Rhode Ifiand, which carries on a 
 confidcrable trade in the filTieries, befide* 
 fomc to the Weft Indies. Its harbour i» 
 called Wickford, on the W fide of Narra- 
 ganfet Bay, oppofite the N end of Canon- 
 icut Ifland. It is about 8 mile* N W o£ 
 Newport, and 20 foutherlyof Providence. 
 The towufliip contains 2,794 inhabitantsj 
 of whom 39 are flaves. 
 
 North Mountitin^ one of the ridges of 
 the Alleghany Mountains, which extends 
 through Virginia and Pennfylvania. 
 There ig a curious fyphon fountain in 
 Virginia, near the interfeclion of Lord 
 Fairfax's boundary with the N. Moun- 
 tain, not far from Brock's Oap^ on the 
 ftream of which is a grift-mill, which 
 grind? z bufliels of grain at every flood, 
 of the fpring, 
 
 Northport, a townfliip in Hancock co. 
 Maine, taken from the northerly part of 
 Duck Trap Plantation, and incorporated 
 in 1796, having 481 inhabitants. 
 
 North Rtif,oC{ the ifiand of St. Domin- 
 go, in the W. Indies, lies in lat. 20 ^^ N, 
 and long. 69 12 W. 
 
 North River. See Hudfin R'"ver. 
 
 North River, in Maffachufetts, for its 
 fize, is remarkable for its depth of water, 
 being in fome places not more than 40 or 
 50 feet wide, yet veffels of 300 tons are 
 built at Pembroke, and dtfcciid to Maffa- 
 chufctla Bay, 18 miles dift^ut, as the river 
 j runs. It riles in Indian Head Pond, ia 
 j Pembroke, and runs a lerp<nitine couni 
 
 between 
 
NOR 
 
 NOR 
 
 between Scituate and Marfhfield. The 
 river is navigable for boats to the firft 
 fall, 5 miles from its fource. Thence to 
 the near eft waters which fun into Taun- 
 ton River, is only 3 niiles. A canal 
 to conn£«5t the waters of thefe two riv- 
 ers, wiiitii communicate with Narraganfet 
 and Maflachufctts Bays, would be of 
 great utility, ^8 it wbuld favc a long and 
 dan^^erous navigation round Cape Cod. 
 
 Ncrih JRivery a vefy conilderable river 
 of New Mexico, in N. America, which 
 rifes in the N part of it, and diredls its 
 courfc to the S E and empties into the 
 Gulf of Mexico, at the W end, in about 
 lat. 2612N. 
 
 North Rl'ver, a branch of Fluvanna 
 3Riverj in Virginia. See Ccij} and Calf 
 Pafture. 
 
 North Balem, a townfliip in Weft Chef- 
 ter CO. New York, oppofite Ridgcfield in 
 Connetiticut. It contains 1,145 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 North Sea, is a name that has been giv^ 
 en by geCgraphtrs to various parts of the 
 oceans^; where they happen to wafli the 
 northern parts of the American continent 
 or iflands. Thus, the Gulf of Mexico 
 and the Atlantic Ocean further to the E, 
 from their waters wafhing the N coaft of 
 Mexico or New Spain in N. America, and 
 Terra Fir ma in S. America, have been 
 dlftinguiflied by this name. It has alio 
 been applied to the fouthern part of tine 
 Gulf of Mexico, in particular by the 
 Spaniards, on their crofting the ifthmu* 
 of Darien, from the N to the S coaft, in 
 oppofition to the Pacific Ocean, to which 
 they gave the name of the South Sea. 
 The Atlantic Ocean alfoon the E coaft of 
 N.America has been fometimes called the 
 North Sea ; which appellation has alfo 
 been given to the Frozen Ocean, from its 
 bounding N. America on the north. 
 
 Ncrih Sound Point \^ theprojcifting point 
 of land on the N E lidc of the ifland of 
 Antigua, in the "W. Indies, and is about 
 S S E from Long Ifland. 
 
 Northtmibcriand, a town in Grafton CO. 
 New Ham])fliire, fituated on the E (Ide 
 of ConntAi.nit River, at the mouth of 
 the Upper Amonoofjck. It was incor- 
 porated in 1779, ^"^^ contains aoj inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Nortlumhcrl.rnd, a countv of Pcnnfyl- 
 vania, boun'ied N by Lycoming ; S and 
 W by Dauphin and Mifilin counties. It 
 is divided into i4 towniliips, and contains 
 ay ,7 97 inhabitanU. Chief town, Sun- 
 bury. 
 
 Notthutnberland, a flourifhing port towil 
 in the above county, fituated ou the point 
 of land formed by the junction of the E 
 and W branches of the Sufquehannah. It 
 is laid out regularly, and contains about 
 tao houfes, a Prclbyterian church, and 
 an academy. As the country incrcafes 
 above, this will become a place of impor- 
 tance. It is 2 miles N by W of Suubury, 
 and 124 N W by W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Northumberland^ a county of Virginia, 
 bounded E by Chcfapeak Bay, and W by 
 Richmond. It contains 3,900 free in- 
 habitants, and 3,903 ftaves. The court- 
 houfe, where a poft office is kept^ is la 
 miles from Kinfalc, 18 from Lancafter 
 court houfe, 86 from Frcdericklburgj 
 and 3 17 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Northumberland County, in U. Canada, is 
 bounded on the E by the county of Haft- 
 ings, and the carrying place of the Pref- 
 qu' Ifle de Quinte ; on the S by Lake On- 
 tario, until it meets the wefterhmoft point 
 of Little Bay ; thence by a line running 
 N i6 degrees W, until it meets the fouth- 
 ern boundary of a tracSk of land belonging 
 to the Miftaflaga Indians, and thence 
 along the tra6l parallel to L. Ontario, un- 
 til it meets the northweftcrnmoft bound- 
 ary of the county of I^aftings. The 
 county of Northumberland comprehends 
 all the iflands near to it in L. Ontario, and 
 the bay of Quinte, and the greater part 
 of it fronts Lake Ontario. Smyth. 
 
 North Wales, a town of Caroline co<. 
 Virginia, on Pamunky River, about a 
 miles below the juntSlion of N and S Anua 
 branches. 
 
 North Wejl Coajl of America. The 
 country on the N wefteJii part of the 
 continent of America, lying on the Pa- 
 cific Ocean, is thus denominated. Ac- 
 cording to accounts given by voyagers to 
 this coaft, the vaft country lying upon it, 
 with very little deviation, has the ap«» 
 pearance of one continued foreft, being 
 covered with pines of difFcient fpecies, 
 and thefe intermixed with alder, birch, 
 witch-hazel, &c. befldes various kinds of 
 brufbwood ; and the vallies and low 
 grounds afford wild currants, goofeberrica, 
 rafpberries, and various flowerrng ftirubs. 
 On the coaft are many iflands, fp-icious 
 b.<ys, commodious harbours, and mouthi 
 of navigable rivers J amoog the former 
 are Wafliington, or Queen Charlotte's 
 If]?.nds, extending from N lat. 51 4a to 54 
 18; W long, fvinw Greenwich 129 54 to 
 133 18. Here are Nootka Sound, Admi- 
 ralty Bay, and Port Mulgrave, Prince 
 WiliiamV 
 
NOR 
 
 NOR 
 
 Wiltiam's Sound, Cook's River; the pc- 
 Dxnfula of Alallca, and the iflands fur- 
 rounding it, BriftoJ Bay, and Nt)rton 
 Sound; vvhich lafl: lie S eaftward of Beh- 
 ring's Straits. The coaft is inhabited 
 by numerous but fmall tribes of Indians ; 
 each tribe appearing to be independent, 
 and governed by its own chief. They 
 differ from each other in their language 
 and cuftoms, and are frequently at war. 
 It is impoffible to afcertain with any de- 
 gree of certainty the number of inhabi- 
 tants ; but they luve been computed at 
 10,000, from Nootka Sound to Cook's 
 River, au extent of about 1,000 miles. 
 The natives are for the mod part fliort in 
 ftaturc,their faces, men and women, are in 
 general flat and round, with high cheek 
 liones and flat nofes, and their teeth white 
 and regular. Their complexions are 
 lighter than the fouthern Indians, and 
 fome of their women have rofy cheeks. 
 Both fcxes are fond of ornamenting thcm- 
 felves with beads and trinkets, and they 
 generally paint their hands and faces.' 
 They have a cufliom of making a longi- 
 tudinal Hit in the under lip, between the 
 mouth and chin, fome of them as large 
 as the mouth, in which they wear a piece 
 of bone, wood or ivory, fitted with holes 
 in it, from which they fufpend beads as 
 low as the chin. There appears to be a 
 greater uniformity in the drefs of the 
 different tribes, than in tlicir ornaments. 
 The aperture or fecond mouth, above the 
 chin, feems confined to the men of Cook's 
 River and Prince William's Sound; whilft 
 
 the wooden ornament in the 
 
 under lip is 
 
 worn by the ivnvien only, in that part of 
 tlie coaft from Port Mulgrave to Queen 
 Charlotte's IHands. The inhabitants 
 wholly fubfifl: by fifliing and hunting, 
 'i'heir clothing is made of the fkins of an- 
 imals and birds. They live in a very dir- 
 ty manner, and are a complete pic^lure of 
 filth aud indolence. The chief object of 
 civiliztd nations in navigating this coaft 
 hitherto, has been to trafhc with the na- 
 tives for furs ; which they give in exrhange 
 for pieces of iron, nails, beads, penknives, 
 and other trifling trinkets. Thcle furs are 
 carried to China, and difpoftd of to great 
 prorit. The fkins obtained arc thofe of the 
 fea otter, racoon, pine m.irtin, land beaver, 
 carlels mamniot, &c. I'he other articles 
 which Vuight be procured, arc ginfeng, 
 copper, oil, fpars, &c. with greit quanti- 
 ties of falmon. From 1785 to February, 
 i 7 88, there had arrived at China from 
 thi? coafl: 9 vcflcls of different nations. 
 Vol.. I, C e c 
 
 Six of thefe had furs, fold for 96.84 a dol- 
 lars ; % French flxips, 54,837 dolls, and 
 17,000 flcins imparted by the Spaniards 
 unfold. What furs the Ruffians procure 
 is not known, as they never carry them 
 to Canton. In iat. 5a 21 33 N, on a riv- 
 er crowded with falmon, are fome popu- 
 lous villages, who have made fome ad- 
 vance towards civilization. Painting and. 
 fculpture being in a ftate of confiderablc 
 improvement. They have forms of wor- 
 fliip which they attend at ftated period* 
 in a public manner. Their dead they 
 burn. One of their temples is 50 feet by 
 45, fupported byi 14 pillars or ports, 8 or 
 9 feet high. The two centre pofls at 
 each end are ■i\ feet diameter, and carved 
 into human form, fupporting two ridge 
 poles on their heads, x% feet from the 
 ground. The hands of one are placed 
 on his knees, as if he fupported tlie roof 
 with difficulty ; the other ftands at his 
 eafe with his hands on his hips. The pofts, 
 poles, and pillars are painted red and black. 
 Some of their timber for building is hewn 
 on ■% (ides, and the buildings are often dec- 
 orated with hieroglyphic paintings, or 
 fanciful carvings. In confequeuce of an 
 expedition undertaken in 1787, Capt. J. 
 Kendrick, of the fliip Columbia, while 
 profecutiug an advantageous voyage with 
 the natives for furs, purchafcd of them, 
 it is faid, for the owners, a trad: of de- 
 lightful country, comprehending four de- 
 grees of latitude, or 240 miles fquare. 
 The deeds are faid to be in China, and 
 regiftered in the oflice of the American 
 conful ; the agents in London are author- 
 ifed to treat with any gentlemen or affo- 
 ciation for the purchafe of a tract of land 
 no where ext-eeded for fertility and cli- 
 mate, and which tnay perhaps by a pru- 
 dent management of lome wife conftitu- 
 tion, beco.me of the utmoft importance. 
 
 North IVefi River, a branch of Cape 
 Fear, or Clarendon River, in N Carolina. 
 It is formed by the juniR:ion of Haw and 
 Deep Rivers ; and it is 300 yards wide 
 at Atnwood, 80 or 90 miles above the 
 Capes ; even when the ftream is low, and 
 within its banks. See Cape Fcer River. 
 On the W fide of this river, about 40 
 raiies above Alhwood, in the banks of a 
 creek, 5 or 6 feet below the landy fur- 
 face, are to be feen projetSti ng out many 
 feet in length, trunks of trees entirely 
 petrified. 
 
 North Wejl Ttrritcry, is divided into 
 Ohio State, Indiana Territory, and Coun- 
 ty of W^ayue ; which fee. 
 
 Nrthivo$di 
 
NOR 
 
 NOT 
 
 77ott?jivood, an interior and derated 
 fownlliip in Rockingham co. New Hamp- 
 fliire, in tvhich, and on its borders, are a 
 number of fmall ponds, whofe waters feed 
 Pifcataqua and Suncook Rivers. It was 
 incorporated in 1773; contains 950 in- 
 habitants, and is about 39 miles N W of 
 Portfmouth. CryflaU and cryftalline 
 fpars are found here. 
 
 North Tarmouth^ a pofl: town of Maine, 
 in Cumberland co.on a fmall river which 
 falls into Cafco Bay. It is 17 miles W 
 by S of Brunfwick, 14 N of Portland, and 
 140 E of Bofton, The townfliip is cxten- 
 iivc, was incorporated S\i 1713, and con- 
 tf'y& a,6oo inhabitants. Cufiens River 
 divides it from Frecport on the N E. 
 
 Norton, a townfhip of Briftol co. Maf- 
 fachufetts, 2,2, miles S of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated in 1711, and contains ly^Si 
 inhabitants. Theannualamountof the nail 
 manufadlurc here is not lefs than 300 tons. 
 There is alfo a manufadlureof ochre which 
 is found here, fimilar to that at Taunton. 
 
 Norton, a fettlement on the N E coaft 
 of Cape Breton Ifland. 
 
 Norton's Sound, on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, extends from Cape Darby on 
 the N N W to Cape Denbigh, or Cape 
 Stephen's on the S or S E. N lat. 64 50, 
 
 Nortvalky a plcafan: poll town in Fair- 
 field CO. Conneifticut, on the N lidc of 
 Long Ifland Sound It contains a Con- 
 gregational and Epifcopal church, which 
 are neat edifices, and between 40 and jo 
 compa6l houfes. It is 13 milrs W by S 
 of Fairfield, 34 S W by W of New Ha- 
 ven and 54 N E of N. York. The town- 
 fliip is fituated in a fertile wheat country, 
 and was fettled in 1651. Here are iron- 
 works and a number of mills. It has a 
 fmall trade to N. York and tlie W. ladies, 
 and contains 5,146 inhabitants. 
 
 Notivay, a towntlilp of N. York^ in 
 Herkcmer co. incorporated in 1792. It 
 contains 1.9 n inhabitants. 
 
 Nor-zvay, a poft town in Cumberland 
 CO. Maine, incorporated in 1797, having 
 609 inhabitants. 
 
 Ncrivith, a confiderable townfliip in 
 Windfor co. Vermont, on the W fide of 
 Connedlicut Rivtr, oppofite to Dartmouth 
 College. It contains 1,486 inhabitants. 
 
 Noriuich, a townfliip in HaiTipiliire co. 
 Maflachufetts, 24 miles S W of North- 
 ampton, and 114 W of Bofton ; incorpo- 
 rated in 1773, and contains 959 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 Nuriviib, a city and pofl: town of Con- 
 ficvUcut, aud of ik& fecoud rank ia New 
 
 London co. fituated at the head of navi- 
 gation on Thames River, 14 miles N of 
 New London, and 40 S E of Hartford. 
 This commercial city has a rich and ex- 
 tenfive back country ; and avails itfclf 
 of its happy fituation on a navigable riv- 
 er, which affords a great number of con- 
 venient feats for mills, and water ma- 
 chines of all kinds. The inhabitants man- 
 ufa<fture paper of many kinds, ftockingf, 
 clocks and watches, ciiaifss, buttons, ftonc 
 and earthen ware, oil, chocolate, wire, 
 bclb, anchors, and all kindsof forge-work. 
 The city contains about 500 dwelling- 
 houfcs, a court-houfe, two churches for 
 Congregationalifts, and one for Epifcopa- 
 lkns,and 3,476 inhabitants. The city is 
 in three detached, compatfl divifions, viz. 
 Chclfea, at the landing, the Town, and 
 Bean Hill ; in the latter divifion is an 
 academy, and in the town is an endowed 
 fchool. The courts of law are held al- 
 ternately at New London and Norwich. 
 This town was fettled in 1660, by 35 
 men, principally from Saybrook. It i* 
 251 miles N E of Philade'lphia. N lat. 
 41 34, W long, 7229. _ 
 
 Neitvlch, a townfliip in Chenango co. 
 N. York, taken from the towns of Jericho 
 and Union, and incorporated in 1793. 
 It is fettled principally by people fron* 
 ConneAicut; is bounded foutherly by 
 Oxford, and lies S5 miles W of Cherry 
 Valley. It has 2,219 inhabitants. 
 
 Noriv'u-h, now called IVhitby, in Upper 
 Canada, on the N fliore of L. Ontario. 
 
 Norivich Totvnftiip, in Norfolk co. U. 
 Canada, E of and adjoiiing Dereham. 
 
 Notch, T^hs, a pafs in the weflern p?,rt 
 of the White Mountains, in New Hamp- 
 Oiire; the narrowefl: part of which is but 
 22 feet wide, between two perpendicular 
 rocks. It is 25 miles from the Upper Coos. 
 From the height above it a brook de- 
 fcends, and meanders through a meadow, 
 formerly a beaver pond. It is furround- 
 ed by rocks, which, on one fide, are per- 
 pendicular, and on tlie others, rife in an 
 angle of45 degrees, a ftrikingiypi^turefquc 
 fcene. This defile was known to the In- 
 dians, who formerly led their captives 
 through it lo- Canada ; but it had been 
 forgotten or nt'glecled,, till tkt year 177 r, 
 when two hunters paffed ^through it. 
 There is a road this way ncB^ to the Up- 
 per Coos. ** 
 
 Notch, Capi, is the W point of Goodhiclr 
 Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. S lat. 
 J3'33> W long. 74 34. 
 
 Nittaway^ a fnaall river of Virginia^ 
 which. 
 
NOV 
 
 NOV 
 
 which runs E by S,and receircs Black Wa- 
 ter on the line of N.Carolina ; thence pur- 
 fuing a S by Wcourfe of about lO miles, it 
 joins the Mehcrrin ; the confluent ftrcam 
 then aflumes the name of Chowan River, 
 and empties into Albemarle Sound. 
 
 Nottaivay, a couuty of Virginia, bound- 
 ed N and N W by Amelia, from vliich it 
 was taken in the year 1788. It contains 
 3,418 white, and 5,983 black people. 
 See Amelia. 
 
 Nottingham, a poft town in Rockingham 
 ro. N. Hampfhire, 12 milei N of Exeter, 
 and 24 N W of Portfmouth. It was in- 
 corporated in 1722, and contains 964 in- 
 liabitants. 
 
 Nottingham^ JVeJl, a pofl: town in Hillf- 
 borough CO. New Hampfliire, Gtuated on 
 the E llde of Merrimack River ; was in- 
 corporated in 1746, and contains 1,267 
 inhabitants. It has Maliach'jfctts line 
 for its fouthern boundary, which divides 
 it from Dracut, and is about 45 miles N 
 N W of Bofton. 
 
 Nottingham, Eajl and IVeft, two town- 
 fliips in Cheftcr co. Pennfylvania ; the 
 former having 889, and the latter 454 
 inhabitants. 
 
 . Nottingham, the mofl northern town of 
 Burhngton co. N. Jcrfcy, on the"E bank 
 of Delaware River, between Bordcntown 
 «nd Trenton. 
 
 Nottingham, a port: town in Prince 
 George's cx). Maryland, on Patuient Riv- 
 er, 16 nailts N E of Pifcataway, and 20 
 S E of Wafhington. 
 
 Nova. Scotia, formerly called Ntru ,')cot- 
 land, a Britiih province of N. America ; 
 feparatcd o» the N E from Cape lireton 
 Ifland, by the Gut of Canfo ; on the N it 
 has a part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 and the ftraits of Northumberland, which 
 divide it from the Ifland of St. John's ; 
 on the W it has N. Brunrwick and the 
 Bay of Fundy ; on the S and S E the At- 
 lantic Ocean. Its length is about 235 
 miles from Cape Sable on the S W to 
 Cape Canfo on the N E. Its extreme 
 
 breadt! 
 
 88 
 
 les : but between the 
 
 head of Halifax harbour and the town of 
 Windfor, at the head of the S E arm of 
 the Bafin of Minas it is only about 22 
 miles broad. It contains 8,7 89,000 acres ; 
 of which 3 millions have been granted, 
 and 2 millions fettled and under improve- 
 ment. Nova Scotia is accommodated 
 with many fpacious harbours, bays, and 
 coves of flicker, equal to any in the 
 world. The chief of thefe are Canfo, 
 H*lifax, on Cbebudo Bay, Chedabucto, 
 
 Frederick, George, Torbay, Charlotte, 
 King's, Barrington,Townfend, St. Mary's, 
 Annapolis Royal, the Bafin of Minas, the 
 Bay of Fundy ; and a vaft number of 
 capes, lakes, and rivers, which are de- 
 fcribed under their refpcdlive names. 
 The moft remarkable mountains are the 
 Highland of Afpotagoen, and the Ardois 
 Mountain. The fouthern fliorcs prelient 
 to the eye of a ftranger rather an un- 
 favourable appearance, being in general 
 broken and flony ; but the innumerable 
 idands alongits coafls, coves and harbours, 
 though generally compofed of rocky fub- 
 ftances, appear defigned by nature for 
 the drying of fifli, being covered with 
 materials for fifli flakes and ftages ; and 
 there is land fufficient for paftures and 
 gardens, to fervc the purpofcs of fifli- 
 crmen. As you advance into the back 
 country, it wears a more promifing ap- 
 pearance; and at Cornwallis, Windfor, 
 Horton, Annapolis, Cumberland, Cobe- 
 quid, Pidlou, and along the northern 
 fliores of the province, there are cxtenfive, 
 well improved farms. The gradual im- 
 provements in hufljandry, which has been 
 encouraged by the laudable efforts and 
 fuccefsful experiments of the agricultural 
 fociety, lately eflabliflied here, afford 
 fomc good ground to expe<fl that Nova 
 Scotia may become a flourifliing colony. 
 The lands in general, on the fea-eoaft, the 
 county of Lunenburgh excepted, and a 
 few hills of good land, are rocky, and in- 
 terfperfed with fwamps and barrens. 
 The growth in general is a mixture of 
 fpruce, hemlock, pine, fir, beech, and 
 fome rock-maple, which furnifli an inex- 
 hauflible fupply for fl)ip-building and 
 other purpofes. The coafl abounds with 
 fifli of various kinds^as cod, falmon, mack- 
 erel, herrings, altwives, trout, &c. and be- 
 iiig near to the Banks of Newfoundland, 
 Quero, and Sable Banks, fiflieries, under 
 proper manageinent and regulations, 
 might be carried on with certainty of 
 fuccefs. There are coal-mines at Cum- 
 berland, and on the Eaft River which 
 falls into Pictou harbour. There is plen- 
 ty of bog and mountain ore in Annapolis 
 townfliip, on the borders of Ni(5lau Riv- 
 er, and a bloomery is ere<3:ed there. 
 Copper has been found at Cape D'Or, on 
 the N fide of the Balin of Minas. The 
 forts in this province are Fort Edward, 
 Cumberland, and Cornwallis. Nova Sco- 
 tia is divided into 8 counties, viz. Hants, 
 Halifax, King's, Annapolis, Cumberland, 
 Sunbury,Qui.een'S|aiid Lunenburg. Thefe 
 
 arc 
 
N U E 
 
 O B I 
 
 are fubdivided into above 40 townfliips. 
 The whole population of Nova Scotia, N. 
 Brunfvvick, and the iflands adjoining is 
 cftimated at about 50,000. The amount 
 of imports from Great Britain to this 
 country, at an average of 3 years, before 
 the new fettiements, was about £26,soo. 
 The articles exported in exchange are, 
 timber and the produce of the fifliery, 
 which at a large average amounts to 
 ^^38,000. Nova Scotia was confirmed to 
 Great Britain in 1760. Halifax is the 
 metropolis. Sec Netv Brun/ivid, Canada, 
 
 Nohvelle, Lay commonly called Eaft 
 Nouvellt, lies on the northern lide of 
 Chaleur Bay. It is a fmall river, about 
 
 4 leagues from Port Daniel. 
 
 Non'vilk, La Grande^ or Weji NouviUe^ 
 on the northern fide of Chaleur Bay, is 
 above one league from Carleton, where 
 is alfo a cultom-houfe, and a rcipedtable 
 mercantile houfe. 
 
 Nipift^^uit, a fmall village of N. Brunf- 
 Avick, on the fouthern hie of Chaleur 
 Bay, inhabited by Roman Catholics; 
 above iz leagues W of Caraquit Ifland ; 
 between which and Point Mafanette, arc 
 the capes of Poiquchaw. At this village 
 a number of coafking traders touch during 
 the fummer, w^hcre they purchafe of the 
 inhabitanrs cod fifli and falmon, as alfo 
 feathers, peltry, and fome furs. 
 
 Noxan, or Ncxontotii or Nox Ttrvn, a 
 town of New Caflle co. Delaware, 21 
 miles N of Dover, and 9 S by S W of St. 
 George's Town. 
 
 Nublada, an ifiand in the Pacific Ocean, 
 ■with 3 fmall ones N of it, and near to it, 
 W by S of Cape Corienles, on the coafl: 
 of Mexico, and E of Roco Portida. N 
 lat. 1640, W long. 122 30. 
 
 Nuch'uuuk, a place in New Britain, the 
 refort of WalrufTes in winter; with the 
 teeth of thefc animals the Indians head 
 the^r darts. Lat. 60 N. 
 
 Nuejira Sennra de la Paz, an epifcopal 
 fee and town of Peru, in S. America. S 
 lat. 17 10, W long. 64. 
 
 N^ejiia Senora dc la FliUr'ia, a town of 
 Mexico. N lat. i8, W long. 92 35. 
 
 Nnevo Baxo, a !i;mk c^iltd by the Brit- 
 ifli the New Bear, being about 32 leagues 
 
 5 of the W end of the ifland of Jam;iica, 
 in lat. 15 57 N. It h.is a key, 2 calMcs 
 length long and if broad; ftretching E 
 by N, and W by S The Britiib find t his 
 £ good (tation in a SpanJfli war, as mod 
 fli'ips come this way from the Spaniih 
 M^ii^j S^ing to the Havannah. 
 
 0. 
 
 o. 
 
 ACHATE Harbour, near the ftwtfc 
 point of Ulictea, one of the Sodety 
 1 Hands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, N W of 
 Otaheite. S lat. 16 SS, "^^ lo"g- IJI 24. 
 
 Oahaha,Zi river of Louifiana,which emp- 
 ties into theMiilifi^pi fromthcN W.in lat. 
 39 10 N, and 7 miles Nof Riviere au Beuf. 
 
 Oahoona, one of the Ingraham liles, 
 which is faid to be the northernmoft of all 
 this cluftcr. It lies about lo leagues N £ 
 of Noohteva. To this ifland Capt. Rob- 
 erts gave the name of Maljjchufdts. Capt. 
 Ingraham had before called it Wajh'wgtcn. 
 
 Uaiti^uha or Ait'^ptha Bay^ fitiiated near 
 the N E end of the leflcr peninfula of the 
 iflanot of Otaheite, has good anchorage in 
 1 2 taihoms. S lat. 17 46, W long, 149 14. 
 
 Oak JRay, or the Devil's Head, in the Bay 
 of Fundy, is 9 leagues S S E of Moole 
 Ifland, It is very high land, and may be 
 feen at 10 or 12 leagues diftance. 
 
 Oalfuf^ee. Sec Tallaponfe River. 
 
 Oakftijhies, an Indian tribe in the weft- 
 em part of Georgia. The warrior Mico, 
 called the White Lieutenant, had the Iblc 
 influence over 4,000 gun-men. 
 
 Oalham, a townfbip in Worceftcr co» 
 Maflachufetts ; 15 miles N WofWorcef- 
 ter, and 62 W of Boflon. It was incorpo- 
 ratedin r762,andcontains8oT inhabitants. 
 
 Oak IJland, a long narrow ifland on the 
 coafl: of N. Carolina, which with Smith's 
 Ifland forms the S W channel of Cape Fear 
 River. See Bald Head, and Cape Fear. 
 
 Oakmulgee River is the fouthern great 
 branch of the beautiful Alatamaha, in 
 Georgia. At the Oakmulgee Fields it is 
 about 300 or 400 yards wide. Thefe 
 rich and fertile fields are on the eafl fide 
 of the river, above the confluence of the 
 Oconee with this river; thefe two branch- 
 es are here about 40 miles apart. Here 
 are wonderful remains of the power and 
 grandeur of the ancients of this part of 
 America, confifting of the ruins of a capi- 
 tal town and fettlement, vafl artificial 
 hills, terraces, &c. Sec Alnta:naba River. 
 
 Oatara^ a fmall woody ifland on the S 
 E of Ulietea Ifland, in the S. Pacific Ocean ; 
 between 3 and 4 miles from which to the 
 north-weft are twootherfmh.il iflands in 
 the fame diret51ion as the reef, of which 
 they are a part. 
 
 OLed^sJi'vcr^ in Tcnnefl'ce, runs S W info 
 Cumberland R. 290 miles from its morith, 
 hytliecourfeofthc ftrcam. Thus far Cum- 
 berland R. i'^. navigable for large vefTels. 
 
 Obion, a navigable river of Tenneircc, 
 which 
 
OCR 
 
 O H I 
 
 which runs S W into the MifQfippi, M 
 miles foutherly of Reclfoot Rivers. It is 
 70 yards broad, 17 miles from its mouth. 
 
 Oiiterea, an illand lOO leagues S of the 
 Society Iflands. S lat. 22 40, W long. 
 150 50. It contains no good anchorage, 
 and the inhabitants are averfe to the in- 
 trufion of flrangcrs. 
 
 Occoa, or Ocoa, a bay on the S fide of the 
 jfland of St. Domingo, into which fall the 
 fmall rivers Sipiccpy and Ocoa. It lies E 
 of Neybeor Julienne Bay,and is bounded 
 fouth-eaftward by Point Salinas, and u eft- 
 ward by the E point at the mouth of 
 Bya River. Spanifb fliips of war anchor 
 in this bay. Point Salinas is 22 leagues 
 W of the city of St. Domingo. 
 
 Occoa, a bay near the eaft end of the 
 ifland of Cuba, in the windward paflage, 
 about 20 miles eaft of Guantanamo Bay. 
 
 Occochappy^ or Bear-Creel-, in the Miffi- 
 flppi Territory, empties through the S 
 W bank of TennefTee River, juft below 
 the mufcle flioals. There is a portage of 
 only about jo miles from this creek to the 
 navigable waters of Mobile River. The 
 mouth of this creek is in the centre of a 
 piece of ground, the diameter of which is 
 5 miles, ceded by the fouthern Indians to 
 the United States for the eftablifliment of 
 trading pofts. 
 
 Occoneaclea IJlandsy two long narrow ifl- 
 ands at the head of Roanoke River, in 
 Virginia, juft feelov/ where the Staunton 
 and Dan unite and form that river. 
 
 Ocona Port, on the coaft cf Peru, on the 
 S.Pacific Ocean, is it leagues N W of 
 Quilca, and a bold coaft, and 14 leagues 
 S E of Attico. 
 
 Oconee, the north main branch of Ala- 
 tamaha River, Georgia. It is, in many 
 places, 250 yards wide. Its banks abound 
 v.itii oak, alb, mulberry, hickory, black- 
 walnut, elm, faflafras, ^c. 
 
 Oconee Toivn lies on the E bank of the 
 n'vcr of its name in Georgia ; about 26 
 miles W N W of Golphington, and 62 
 W by N of Augufta. 
 
 Occoquan, a river in Virginia which, af- 
 ter a fliort courle, empties into Patow- 
 mac River, at High Point, 5 miles below 
 Colchcfter. The falls in this river fur- 
 nifl) excellent mill-feats. 
 
 Ocrecock Inlet, on the coaft of N. Caro- 
 lina, leads into Pamlico Sound, and exit 
 of it into Albemarle Sound, through 
 which all velfels muft paf& that are bound 
 to Edenton, Wafiiington, Bath, or New- 
 bern. It lies in lat. 7,$ lO N. A bar of 
 hard fane; crofTes the inlet, on which is 14 
 
 feet water at low tide. The land on the 
 N is called Ocrecock, that on the S Portf- 
 mouth. Six miles within the bar, there 
 is a hard fand flloal which crofPes the 
 channel called the Swafli. On each fide 
 of the channel are dangerous flioab, fome- 
 times dry. Few mariners, however, well ac- 
 quaintedwith ):hein!et,chfflofc togo in with- 
 out a pilot ; as the bar often fliift:! during 
 their abfence on a voyage. It is about 7^ 
 leagues S W | W of Cape Hatteras. 
 
 Ogcechec, a river of Georgia, 18 miles S 
 of Savannah River, and whofe courfes arc 
 nearly parallel with each other. It ril'e» 
 nearthe Appalachian mountains, and emp- 
 ties into the Tea oppofite the N end of 
 Oflabaw bland, 18 miles S of Savannah. 
 Louifville, Lexington and Georgetown 
 are on the upper part of this river. 
 
 Oglethorpe, a county of Georgia on the 
 N fide of Alatamaha River, W of Liberty 
 CO. Fort Telfair is in the S E corner of 
 this county on the Alatamaha. It con- 
 tains 9,780 inhabitants, of whom 3,089 
 are flaves. 
 
 Ohamane7io, a fmall but gocd liaibour, 
 on the W fide of Ulietea, one of the Socie- 
 ty lilands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. S lat. 
 16 4j, W long. 151 38. The variation of 
 the compafs in 1777, was 6 19 E. 
 
 Ohamene Harbour,^, fine bay on the E fide 
 of Otaha, one of the Society Iflands. It paf- 
 fes in by a channel between the 2 fmall ifl- 
 ands Toahoutu, and Whennuaia. Within 
 the reef it forms a good harbour, from 25 
 to 26 fathoms water, and clear ground, 
 
 Oherurua, a large bay on the S W part 
 of the ifland of Otaha, one of the Society 
 Iflands, and the next harbour to the north- 
 ward from Apotopoto Bay. There is an- 
 chorage from 20 to 25 fathoms, and has 
 the advantage of frcfli water. The breach 
 in the reef which opens a palTage into 
 this harbour is one fourth of a mile broad, 
 in lat. 16 38 S, and long. 151 30 W: 
 
 Oheteroa, one of the Society Iflands, 
 which is about 12 miles long and 6 broad, 
 inhabited by a people of very large ftat- 
 ure, who arc rather browntr than tliofc 
 of the neighbouring iflands. It has no 
 good harbour or anchorage. lat. 22 27 
 S, long. 150 47. 
 
 Ohctuna^ a harbour on the S E fide of 
 Ulietea, one of tht Society Iflands. 
 
 OLcvaboa, an ifland in the South Pacific 
 Ocean. S lat. 941, W long. 139 2. 
 
 Olio, State of, lies W of Pennlylvania. 
 and betAveen the Ohio River on the S, 
 and the Lakes Mic higan and Erie on the 
 J^, \k% prccif'e boundaries are as folIoAvs, 
 
 viz: 
 
O H I 
 
 O H I 
 
 ^Iz. E by the northern part of the W line 
 of Pennfylvania ; S by the Ohio River, 
 to the mouth of the Great Miami ; W 
 by a line drawn due N from the mouth 
 of the river lafl named to the fouthern 
 extremity of I^akc Michigan ; N by an E 
 and W line drawn through the fouthern 
 extremity of the lake juft mentioned, 
 from the intcrfc dlion of the wcfteru boun- 
 dary line, till it meet* the northern terri- 
 torial line of the U. States, in Lake Erie, 
 and following that line, till it reaches the 
 W line of Pennfylvania ; lying between 
 ;i9 and 42 N. lat. and 5 20 and 4 36 W. 
 long, from Philadelpiiia. This State was 
 admitted into the Union by adl of Con- 
 grefs early in the year 1803, and organi- 
 zed March 3d of the fame year, and is 
 divided into 17 counties, viz. 
 
 Counties. 
 "Wafliington 
 Hamilton 
 Adams 
 JefFerfoa 
 Rofs 
 
 Clermont 
 Trumbull 
 Fairfield 
 Bellmont 
 Gallia 
 Scioto 
 Franklin 
 Columbiana 
 Warren 
 Sutler 
 Montgomery 
 
 Chief Towns. 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Mafliefburgh 
 
 Stcubcnvillc 
 
 Chilicothe 
 
 Williamfburgh 
 
 Warren 
 
 New LancaAer 
 
 Pultney 
 
 Galliopolis 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Franklinton 
 
 Greene 
 
 The number of inhabitants in this 
 ^tatc, in i8co, was 42,179. The princi- 
 pal rivers arc thcMu{kingum,Hockhock- 
 jng, Scioto, and Little -nd Great Miami, 
 whicli fall into the Ohio ; and the Grand 
 Miami of the Lakes, Sanduiky, Huron, 
 and Cayahoga, which empty into Lake 
 JLi'te. l"he lands on thefe rivers arc in- 
 terfptrfcd with all the variety of foil 
 Tvhich conduces to pleafantnela of iitua- 
 tron, and lays the foundation for the 
 wealth of an agricultural and manufac- 
 turing people. Large level bottoms, or 
 natural meadows, from 20 to 50 miles in 
 circuit, are found bordering the rivers, 
 and variegating tl»e ccuntiy in the inte- 
 rior parts. Thefe aflTotd as rich a foil as 
 <an lie imagined, and may be reduced to 
 proper cultivation with very little labour. 
 The prevailing growth of timber, and the 
 more ufcful trees, are maple or fugar-trce, 
 fycamore, black and white mulberry. 
 Hack and white walnut, butternut, chef- 
 
 : nut, white, black, Spanifh and chcfnut 
 oaks, hickory, cherry, buckwood or horfc 
 chcfnut, honey-locuft, elm, cucumber tree, 
 gum tree, iron wood, afli, afpin, faffafras, 
 crab-apple tree, paupaw, or cuftard ap- 
 ple, a variety of plum trees, nine bark 
 fpicc and leather wood buflics. White 
 and black oak, and chcfnut, with moft of 
 the above mentioned timbers, grow large 
 and plenty upon the high grounds. Both 
 the high and low lands produce great 
 quantitiej of natural grapes of rariousf; 
 kinds. The fugar maple is the moft val- 
 uable tree, for an inland country. The 
 inhabitants may be fupplied with a fuf- 
 ficlcncy of fugar, by prefervin^j a few 
 trees for the ufe of c^ch family, A tree 
 will yield about ten pounds of fugar a 
 year, and the labour is very trilling. 
 Springs of excellent water abound in this 
 territory ; and fmall and large flreams, 
 for mills and other purpofes, arc atSlually 
 intcrfperfcd, as if by art, that there be no 
 deficiency in any of the conrcniences of 
 life. Very little waftc land is to be found 
 in any part of this trati of country. 
 There arc no fwamps but fuch as may 
 be readily drained, and made into arable 
 and meadow land ; and though the hills 
 are frequent, they are gentle, and fwell- 
 ing, no where high or incapable of tillage. 
 They are of a deep rich foil, covered 
 with a heevy growth of timber, and well 
 adapted to the production of wheat, rye, 
 indigo, tobacco, &c. The hills and 
 mountains on the E fide of the Ohio gen- 
 erally increafe in magnitude, till they unite 
 witli tlie Allegh:jny, but on the other fide, 
 in the State of Ohio, they decreafe till the 
 country becomes almoft a dead level. 
 [£llicott.'] The communication between 
 thi^ country and the fea, will principally 
 be in the 3 following diredions : i. The 
 route through the Scioto and Muflcingum 
 to Lake Erie, and fo to the river Hndfon. 
 2. The paflagc up the Ohio and Monon- 
 gahela to the portage above mentioned, 
 which leads to the navigable waters of 
 the Patowmack. This portage is 30 miles, 
 and will probably be rendered much lefs 
 by the execution of thepians now on foot 
 for opening the navigation of thofe 
 waters. 3. But the current down the 
 Ohio and Miflifippi, for heavy arti- 
 cles that fuit the Florida and Weft In- 
 dia markets, fuch as corn, flour, beef, lum- 
 ber, &c. will be more frequently loaded 
 than any ftreams on earth. The diftance 
 from the Scioto to the Miffifippi, is 800 
 miles ; from thence to the fea, is 900. 
 
 This 
 
O H I 
 
 out 
 
 This whole courfc is run in 15 days. Vef- j 
 fels proper for the Weft India trade may 
 be advantageoufly built on the Ohio, and 
 taken with a cargo, every annual rile of ; 
 the waters, down to New Orleans, or to \ 
 the Weft India lilauds. The experiment j 
 has already been made with fuccef*. j 
 [Ellicotf.] No country h better ftocked | 
 with wild game. The river* arc well . 
 ftorcd with fifh of various kinds, and ma- j 
 ny of them are of an excellent quality. ; 
 They are generally large, though of dif- ! 
 ferent fizes ; the cat-fifli, which i» the ! 
 largeft, and of a delicioui flavour, weiglu 
 from 6 to 80 pounds. The number of 
 old forts, found in this weftera country, 
 are the admiration of the curious, and a 1 
 matter of much fpeculation. They arc | 
 nioftly of an oblong form, fituatcd on j 
 ftrong, well chofen ground, and contigu- ! 
 ous to water. When, by whom, and for 1 
 what purpofc thefe were thrown up, is j 
 uncertain. They are undoubtedly very ; 
 ancient, as there is not the leaft vifible , 
 difference in the age or fize of the timber i 
 growing on or within thefe forts, and i 
 that which grows without ; and the old- 
 eft natives have loft all tradition refpcfl- j 
 ing them. By an ordinance of Congrefs, j 
 paffed on the 13th of July, 1787, this I 
 country, including the Indiana Territory, 
 the country N of it, and Wayne Territo- 
 ry E of Lake Michigan, for the purpofes 
 of temporary government, was credled 
 into one diftritSl, fubjeca, however, to a 
 divifion, when ciroumftances fliould make 
 it expedient. The ordinance of Congrefs, 
 of July 13th '87, article 5th, provided that 
 there fhould be formed in this territory, 
 not lefs than 3, nor more than 5 States; 
 and that the boundaries of the State* 
 fliould become fixed and eftablifhed as 
 follows, viz. the weftern State in the faid 
 territory to be bounded on the Miffifip- 
 pi, the Ohio and Wabafli Rivers ; a di- 
 re<a line drawn from the Wabafli and 
 Port Vincents due N to the territorial 
 line between the United States and Can- 
 ada, and by the faid territorial line to jj 
 the Lake of the Woods and Miflifippi. jj 
 The middle State to be bounded by the \\ 
 faid dire(fl: line, the Wabafla from Poft 
 Vincents to the Ohio ; by the Ohio by 
 a direA line drawn due Nfrom the mouth 
 of the Great Miami to the faid territorial 
 line, and by the faid territorial line. The 
 caftern State to be bounded by the laft 
 mentioned dirc<£b line, the Ohio, Pennfyl- 
 v<mia, and the faid territorial line : Pro- 
 Tided kswcver, that tiie boundaries of 
 
 thefe three States fhall be fubjt<5l fo M 
 to be altered, that if Congrefs hereafter 
 fliall find it expedient, they fliall have 
 authority to form one or two States, in 
 that part of the faid territory which lies 
 N of an E and W hne drawn through the 
 foutherly bend or extreme of Lake Mich- 
 igan ; and whtn any of the faid State» 
 fhall have 6o,coo free inhabitants there- 
 in, fuch ftate to be admitted by its dele- 
 gates into the Congrefs of the United 
 States, on an equal footing with the orig- 
 inal States in all refpecfts whatever ; and 
 to be at liberty to form a permanent con- 
 ftitution and State government.- On the 
 3d of Auguft, 1795, a treaty was formed 
 at Grenvillc, between Major Gen. An- 
 thony Wayne, on the part of the United 
 States, and the Chiefs of the following, 
 tribes of Indians, viz. the Wyandots, Dcl- 
 awBrcs, Shawanoes, Ottawa*, Chippewas,- 
 Piitawatiraes, Miamis, Eel River, Weeas, 
 Kickapoos, Pian-Kafliaws and Kafkafkias^ 
 By the 3d article of this trcaty,the Indian* 
 cede to the United States, for a valuable 
 coniideration,all lands lying caftward and 
 fouthward of a line " beginning at the 
 mouth of Cayahoga River, and running 
 thence up the fame to the portage bet wcea 
 that and the Tufcarawas branch of the 
 Mufkingura ; thence down that branch 
 to the croffing place above Fort Law- 
 rence ; thence wefterly to a fork of that 
 branch of the Great Miami River, run- 
 ning into the Ohio, where commences t-he 
 portage between the Miami of the Ohio, 
 and St. Mary's River, which is a branch 
 of the Miami of the Lake ; thence a weft- 
 erly courfc to Fort Recovery, which ftands 
 on a branch of the Wabafli, then fouth- 
 wefterly in a direct line to the Ohio, fo 
 as to interfccT: that river oppoflte the 
 mouth of Kentucky or Catawa River." 
 Sixteen tradls of land of 6 and 12 miles 
 fquare, interfperfed at convenient diftan- 
 ccs in the Indian country, were, by the 
 fame treaty, ceded to the United States, 
 for the convenience of keeping up a 
 friendly and beneficial intercourfe be- 
 tween the parties." The United States, 
 on their part, '* relinquifli their claims to- 
 all other Indian lands northward of the 
 river Ohio, eaftward of the MiiTiUppi, 
 and weftvvard and fouthward of the Great 
 Lakes and the waters uniting them, ac- 
 cording to the boundary line agreed 011 
 by the United States and the king of 
 Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made 
 between them in the year 1783. But 
 from this reliuquilhracnt, by the U. States, 
 
 the 
 
O H I 
 
 OKI 
 
 the fitllovvmg tra<9^s of land arc explicitly 
 excepted : lit. Tht: tracfb of 150,000 acres 
 near the rapids of the Ohio river, whicli 
 has been afligncd to Gen. Clarke, for the 
 ulc of himielf and his warriors, ad. The 
 poll of St. Vincents on the river Wabafli, 
 and the lands adjacent; of which the 
 Indian title has been extinguiflied. 3d. 
 The land at all other places in pofleffion 
 of the French people and other white 
 fettlcrs among them, of which the hi- 
 dian title has been extlngulflied, as men- 
 ti<-ned in die third article ; and 4th. 
 l"he poft of Fort Mallac, towards the 
 mouth of the Ohio. To which feverai 
 parcels of land lb excepted, the faid tribes 
 rc!inc][uirn all tlie title and claim which 
 tiicv or any of them may have." Goods 
 to the value of 20,coo dolls, were deliv- 
 ered the Indians at the time this treaty 
 was made ; and c;oods to the amount of 
 9,500 dolls, at firft cofl in the U. States, 
 are to be delivered annually to the In- 
 dians at fome convenient place north- 
 ward of the Ohio. A trade has been o- 
 pened, fuice this treaty, by a law of Con- 
 grcfs, with the foremcntioned tribes of 
 Indians, on a liberal footing, which has 
 given permanency to this treaty, and fe- 
 curity to the frontier inhabitants. 
 
 Obioy a mofl beautiful river, Icparates 
 Ohio State and Indiana Territory from 
 Kentucky and Virginia on the S E. Its 
 current gentle, waters clear, and bof- 
 om fmooth and unbroken by rocks and 
 rapids, a Hngle inflancc only excepted. 
 It is one quarter of a mile wide at Fort 
 Pitt ; 500 yards at the mouth of the Great 
 K^.nhaw-iy ; 1 2,00 yards at I.ouifvillc, 
 and ac the R.^^pids half a mile, but its gen- 
 eral bre:<dthdocs not exceed 6ooyards. In 
 lorae places its width is not 400, and in one 
 {»Uce pnrticuliirly, f.-.r below the Rapids, 
 tr ;3 lefs than 300. Its breadth, in no one 
 place (except at tl^.e Rapids) exceeds 1200 
 
 yaids ; and at its junction 
 
 with the 
 
 Miilifippi, neither river is more than 900 
 
 yards wide. Its length, as 
 
 meal u red ac- 
 
 cording to its meanders by Ca 
 
 pt. Hutch- 
 
 ins, is as follows : 
 
 
 
 From Fort Pitt 
 
 to 
 
 
 I.oo'sTcnvn 
 
 
 iZ\ mile?. 
 
 Big Beaver Creek 
 
 
 10^ 
 
 1 iltle Beaver Creek 
 
 
 ^?>h 
 
 Yeli(>v/ Crc( k 
 
 
 M\ 
 
 Two Crcck.s 
 
 
 ^n 
 
 Long Reach 
 
 
 5^1 
 
 End Long Reach 
 
 
 i6h 
 
 Mulkingum 
 
 
 26i 
 
 Little K.iuhaway 
 
 
 "i 
 
 Hockhocklng 
 Great Kanhaway 
 Guiandot 
 Sandy Creek 
 Sioto or Scioto 
 Little Miami 
 Licking Creek 
 Great Miami 
 Big Bones 
 Kentucky 
 Rapids 
 Low Country 
 BufTalo River 
 WabaHi 
 Big Cave 
 Shawanec River 
 Cherokee River 
 Maflac 
 Miffifippi 
 
 16 
 
 82$ 
 43| 
 
 aH 
 
 126 
 
 26 
 
 3H 
 
 44i 
 
 77i 
 
 64i 
 97h 
 
 i3i 
 
 II 
 
 46 
 
 In common winter and fpring floods, it 
 affords 30 or 40 feet water to Louifville ; 
 25 or 30 feet to La Tarte's Rapids ; 40 
 above the mouth of the Great Kanhawav ; 
 and a fufficiency at all times for ligKt 
 batteaux and canoes to Fort Pitt. The 
 Rapids are in lat. 38 8. The inundations 
 of this river begin about the laft of March, 
 and fubfrde in July, although they fre- 
 quently happen in other months; fo that 
 boats which carry 300 barrels of flour 
 from the Monongahela, or Youhiogeny, 
 above Pittfburg, have feldom long to wait 
 for water. During the floods, a iirft rate 
 man-of-war may be carried from Louif- 
 ville to New Orleans, if the fudden turns 
 of the river and the flrength of its cur- 
 rent will admit a fafe fleeragc. It is ihe 
 opinion of fome well Informed gentlemen, 
 that a veflel properly built for the fea, to 
 draw 12 feet water, when loaded, and 
 carrying from 12 to i6co barrels of flour, 
 may be more eafily, cheaply and fafely 
 navigated from Pittfburg to the fea, than 
 thole now in ufe ; and that this matter 
 only requires one man of capacity and en- 
 terprife to afcertain it. A veffel intended 
 to be rigged as a brigantine, fnow, or 
 fliip, fliould be double-decked, take her 
 mrifls on deck, and be rowed to the Ib- 
 bervillc, below which are no Iflands, or 
 to New-Orleans, with 20 men, fo as to 
 afl'ord reliefs of lO and 10 in the night. 
 Such a veflel, without the ufe of oars, it 
 is fuppofed, would float to New-Orleans 
 from PittflDurgh in 20 days. The Rap- 
 ids at Louifville defcend about 10 fer.t in 
 the diflance of a mile and a half. The 
 j bed of the river is a folid rock, and is di- 
 vided 
 
H 1 
 
 OLD 
 
 vlded by an irtand into two branches, 
 ihe fouthern of which is about aoo yards 
 \vide, but impaffable in dry feafons. The 
 bed of the northern branch is worn into 
 channels by the conftant courfe of the 
 water, and attrition of the pebble-ftoncs 
 carried on with thAt, fo as to be paffable 
 for batteaux through the greater part of 
 the year. Yet it is thought that the 
 fouthern arm may be mort eafily opened 
 for conftant navigation. The rifie of the 
 waters in thefc Rapids docs not exceed %q 
 or aj feet. There is a fort fituatcd at 
 the head of the Falls* The ground on 
 the fouth Gde rifes very gradually. At 
 Fort Pitt the river Ohio lofes its name, 
 branching into the Monongahcla and Al- 
 If'ghany. 
 
 Ofjto Rap'ids lie inlat. 30 8 N, 705 miles 
 below Pittfburg to the S "W, and 48^ 
 jnilcs from the confluence of the Ohio 
 •with the Miiiifippi. They are occafion- 
 cd by a led^e of linie-ftone rocks that 
 ftretch acrofs the bed of the river. In 
 fome places the fall is perpendicular, but 
 the main body of the water, when the riv- 
 er is low, runs along a channel of a tol- 
 erably regular flopc which has been worn 
 in the rock. In the fpring, when the 
 river is full, the rapkis arc fcarccly per- 
 ceptible, and boats defcend, without dif- 
 ficulty or danger. The fituation of the 
 Rapids is truly delightful. In levelling 
 the defcent of thefe Rapids, it has been 
 found to be %%\ feet in two miles. In 
 cefcending thcfii, the danger arifes uot fo 
 much from the Iwiftnefs of the current 
 as from funken rocks, and the flialiow- 
 nefs of the water. The town of Louif- 
 ville commands a grand view of the Rap- 
 ids. 
 
 Oi/o, The north-wefternmoft county of 
 the State of Virginia, bounded E by 
 Wafliington co, in Pennfylvania, and N 
 W by the river Ohio, which divides it 
 from the State of Ohio. It contains 4 483 
 free inhabitants, and 457 flaves. Chief 
 town, Weft Liberty. 
 
 Ohio^ a county of Kentucky, contains 
 tizi inhabitants, of whom vi% are flaves. 
 
 Ohiopcy a fmall northern tributary ftream 
 of Alatamaha river, in Oglethorpe co. 
 Georgia. 
 
 Obiop'tfim'ni^o, a tra(5V of land fo called 
 in the State'of Kentucky,fituatcd in Ncl- 
 fon CO. on Ohio river, and fouthweftward 
 of Salt River. 
 
 Ohiopyle Falls, in Yonghiogany River, 
 are about ao feet perpendicular height, 
 where the river is S« vards wide. They 
 
 Vol, 1. ' P o 4 
 
 arc 30 or 40 miles from the motith of 
 this river, where it mingles its waters 
 with the Monongahela. 
 
 Ohiialoo, an ifland in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean. S lat. 9 55, W long. 139 6. 
 
 Oil Creekf in Alleghany co. Pennfylva- 
 nia*, iflucs from a fpring, on the top of 
 which floats an oil, fimilar to that call- 
 ed Barbadocs tar, and empties into Alle- 
 ghany River. It is found in fuch quanti- 
 ties, that a mart may gather fever^l gal- 
 Ions in a day. The troops fent to guard, 
 the Weftern Pofts, halted at this fpring, 
 colleclted fomc of the oil, and bathed 
 their joints with it. This, gave them, 
 great relief from the rheumatic com- 
 plaints, wich wiiich tliey were afflicted* 
 The waters, of which tire troops drauk 
 freely, operated as a gentle cathartic. 
 
 Oljlins £ayy\% near the fouthern extrem- 
 ity of the ill md of Barbadoes, In the W. 
 Indies. It is fortncd to the S E by Ken- 
 dal's Point. The bay is well defended by 
 forts. The town of Oiftlus ftands on thi» 
 bay. 
 
 Ohmtaon Stream^ (N. B. Olaramon means 
 red earth or paint, which is found on the 
 banks of the ftream) rifes in townfhip 
 N 38 of the Lottery Lands, is about 19 
 mile* long, and enters the Penobfcot oti 
 its E fide in townfliip N », oppolite. 
 
 Old Cape Francois forms the N point of 
 EcofToifeorCofbeckBayjOnthc N E part of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo. All the Frenck 
 fhips coming from Europe or the Wind- 
 ward Iflands, and bound to the north or 
 weft part of St. Domingo Ifland, are oblig- 
 ed to come in fight of the Cape Samana-,, 
 (near 27 leagues S E by E of this capcj^ 
 or at leaft of Old Cape Francois, on ac- 
 count of the dangers of flioals to the ealt. 
 It is about five leagues eaft of Cape dc la 
 Roche. N lat. 19 40 30, W long, front 
 Paris 7a 22. 
 
 Old Fort Bay b fituated at the foutb. 
 end of the Ifland of St. Lucia, in the Weft- 
 Indids, having St. Mary's Ifland and Bay 
 to the eaft. 
 
 Old Fort JJlands^ in Efqulmeaux Bay, oa 
 the coaft of Labrador, in N. America. N 
 lat. 51 24, W long. 57 48. 
 
 Old Harbour, on the fouth roaft of the 
 ifland of Jamaica in the W. Indies, is to 
 the weftward of Port Royal. There are 
 a number of fhoais and iflands in the en- 
 trance to it. Under fome of them there 
 is fafe riding, in from fix to eight fath- 
 oms. 
 
 Oil Mans Creeiy in Ncw Jcrfev, emp- 
 t!€i iito DdawAfc rirsr, about 4 miles 
 
 bclov* 
 
O M A 
 
 O N A 
 
 U«Jow Penn's Neck, and fcparatci the 
 counties of S?.lcm and Gloucefler. 
 
 Old Mens Port lies northward of Lima 
 River in Peru, 8 or 9 miles N of Cada- 
 vayllo River. 
 
 Old Read, a town and harbour in the 
 hland of Antigua, in the W. Indie:. 
 
 OldRo'jdBay, on the S W coaft of the 
 iHand of St. Chriftopher 's, in the Weft- 
 Indies, betAVcen Church Gut W and 
 Bloody Point E. There is from 5 to 15 
 fathoms near the fl7orc,and the Icaft to- 
 wards the fort. 
 
 Old Read Tozvtt, en this bay, lic9 be- 
 tv'ten Eaft and Black Rivcrs^and i» a port 
 jOf entry. 
 
 Old Tozin, or Frank^s Old TcTi'w, on Ju- 
 ni^itta River. See FrcnlJIoivn, 
 
 Old To-u'n, in the State of N. York, on 
 Staten-Iftand, 1 2 miles S W of N.York city 
 
 Old Tcivn^Si fmall poft town of Mary- 
 land, Alleghany co. in lat. 39 30, on the 
 N bank of Patomac river, and \V fidcol 
 Saw Mill Run ; 14 miles S E of Cum- 
 berland, pud 14 a W by N of Baltimore. 
 
 Old To-wn^ N. Carolina, near Brunf- 
 vick. 
 
 Old Toirn, X fmall town of Georgia, on 
 the Ogccchcc River, 85 milc$ N W by W 
 #f Savannah. 
 
 0/*/ T6w», called Indian Old Totrn,is 
 OD one of the 54 iilands refcrved by the 
 Indians for their ufe in Penobfcot. The 
 ifland contains about 200 acres cm which 
 )s their church and village. 
 
 Old Tctvn Falls, or Great Falls, fo Called 
 an Penobfcot River, about half* mile be- 
 low the Indian Village, on Old Town 
 Xfland. 
 
 Oleout,^ fmall creek which empties in- 
 to the eafl branch of Sufquehannah, 5 
 ailes N E of the mouth of Unadilia River. 
 
 Oiifda, the chief town of tkc captain- 
 fhip of Pernambuco, in Bra«iI,S- Ameri- 
 ca. It is fometimes called Pernambuo, 
 and has a good harbour fituatcd north of 
 Cape St. Auguftine, and fouth of Para- 
 ibo. It was taken by the Dutch in i6 30, 
 tut was retaken by the Portugucfc. S 
 lat. 8 13, Wlong. 35 5. 
 
 Ollerosy Point, on the coaft of Peru, ie 6 
 leagues S E of Qucmada Morro,or Head- 
 land, and as far IS: N W of I'orto Caval- 
 lo. It is little frequented on account 
 of want of trade, although it is a gaod 
 harbour in cafe of fquallb from the ntoun- 
 tains, or from ftrong currents fttting 
 down from the fca. 
 
 Omagi asy a tribe of Indians inhabiting 
 tik^ Wall^ ef t^f river ^^wazoa, asd co&- 
 
 verted lo Chriftianity in the yc?-f i^t^^ 
 by Father Fritz, a Spaniflx niiirionary* 
 They flat the hind and fois part of iht 
 heads of their children, which gives them 
 a monflrcu? appearance. They make x 
 jcH: of otlK.r nations, calling them calabafh 
 heads. 
 
 O^sra, a river en the coafl of Er,iz:T, 
 whufe mouth is in lat. 5 .0 S, and long.. 
 36 O W. See Cape Rocque. 
 
 0«fi7/lw, a jurifdi(flion in the diocefeof 
 La Paz, in Peru. It begins almoft at the 
 gates of the city of La Pas, and extends 
 20 leagues, being bounded on the W by 
 the famous lv.kc of Titi Caca. The air of 
 this jurifdit^tion is fomewhat cold, fo that 
 it produces little s^^'n; but has nume- 
 rous flocks of cattle fed in its paftures ; 
 there isbeiidcs, a very advantageous trad« 
 eirrifd en in another jurifdidtion by the 
 Indians living on the borders of the lake, 
 wh© arc remarkably indui^rious in im- 
 proving that ndvantage. 
 
 0»jc^ a corrupt name for The Mian.i' 
 of the Lake ; which fee. The Mian«l 
 towns on iti banks are called the Omee 
 Towns, or Au-Mi, by the French Amtri» 
 cans, as a contravElion of Au Miami, 
 
 Omse Toivn, one of the Miami Townai^ 
 fituatcd on a pkafant point formed by the 
 junAion of the rivers Miami and St. Jo- 
 feph. This t< wn ftood on the E bank of 
 the latter, cppofite the mouth of St. Ma- 
 ry's River, and was deflroyed in Gen. 
 Harmar's expedition, in 1 790. 
 
 Omrah, a fmall fortified toxra in the 
 Spanilh Main, at the Ixittom of tl)e Bay 
 of Honduras, on th« S Sde, and is within 
 a gulf to the eaftward of Dolce Gulf, into 
 which the river of its name comes from 
 tkc Southward. It has a good harbour, 
 which is open to the N W, in which fliips 
 of any harden may ride in perfecl fafety. 
 The Britifh admiral, Parker, in conjunc- 
 tion with the people of Honduras,reduced 
 the (Trong fort, which is fituattd on the 
 E fide of the river, in 1779. The fpoil 
 was immenfe, being valued at 3 millions 
 of dollars. The Spaniards in vain ofiFer- 
 ed 30C;Coo dollars as a ranfom for i^f% 
 quintals of quickfilvcr ; a commodity in- 
 difpenfably necefTary in m 01 king their 
 gold and filver mines. 
 
 Ompcmpanoofuck, a lliort, furious river of 
 Vermont, which empties into the Connec- 
 ticui at Norwich, cppofite to Dartmouth 
 College Its courfc i» S E, its breadth not 
 more than 40 or jo yards. 
 
 Oiida. Sec Vincent dt la Paxes. 
 
 Onftiayo, or QrexttQ-^ty an ifland in the S. 
 
ONE 
 
 N 
 
 Faclfic Ocean. S. iat. 9 58, W loag. 13S I 
 
 ji. ^ I 
 
 OifeltoWj one of the Sandwich iHand*, j 
 in the N. Pacific Ocean, called alfo AV- j 
 Ldtbeoiv, about 5 or 6 leagues to the weft- j 
 ward of Atooi. There is anchoiajje all I 
 along the coaft of the itlaad. It produces : 
 plenty of yams, and a fwect root called | 
 tec. N Iat. 21 50, W long. 160 i,f. | 
 
 0-»Lij/ii, one of the Six Nations of Iiidianu, | 
 containing 6z8 fouls, who inhabit tiic ; 
 country S of Cnoida Lake, called the i 
 Oneida Reftrvation. Their priactp;ii vil- , 
 l.'tgc, Kabnonwolohale, is about lo miles 
 6 Wof Whitcftown. Thefc Indian.s for i; 
 a number of years pafl, have been under ; 
 the paftoral care of the Rcv.Mr. Kiritland, , 
 who, with the Rev. Mr. Sarjeant, haVe ' 
 been chiefly fupported in tlieir niiifion, 
 by the focicty cftabllfiicd In Scotland for 
 promoting Chrlftian knowledge. This ; 
 liatioa receives an annuity from the State 
 cf New York, of 2i->SS'^ dollars, for landa 
 purchafcd of them in 1795, and an annu- 
 ity of about 628 dollars from the United 
 States. With thefc annuities, (which op- 
 erate as a difcouragcmcnt to induftry) '. 
 together with the corn, beans and pota- ; 
 toes raifv^d by the fquaws, and the fifli 
 and gxmc caught by the mca, afford them 
 a barely tolerable lubliftenfe. They are 
 ■di proud nation, and affedt to dcfpifc their ; 
 ucighbours, the Stockbridgeaad Brother- 
 ton Indians, for their attention to agricul- 
 ture ; but they already begin to feel their , 
 dependence on them, and are under a ne- i 
 cefllty of puichafing provifujns of them. 
 The nation is divided into three tribes, or i 
 <:lan., by the names of the H-'olf, the Bear^ 
 and tLe Turth. They have t.heir name 
 from their Pagan Deity, which fomc few 
 of the nation itill worlhip, and which is 
 nothing more th<jn a mifliapcn, rude, cy- , 
 liadrical/JjAfjof about 120 poundt weight, 
 in their langnagc called OieUa, which Ag- \ 
 nifics the Upright Stone. Formerly thi? \ 
 ftone was placed in the crotch of a tree, 
 jind then the nation f'f.ppofcd themfclves 
 invincible. Thefe Indians are all of mix- 
 ed blood ; there has not been apurt One- | 
 ida for fcveral ycari* paft. 
 
 OueiJa Lake is about 7,0 miles W of Old 
 Fort Stauwix, btate of N. York, and i« be- ^ 
 tween 20 and 30 milts long, and about 5 
 miles wide. It is conne6ted with Luke ' 
 Ontario on the W by Ofwego River, and j 
 with Fort Stanwix by Wood Creek. ! 
 
 Otcida, a county of N. York, bounded I 
 N E and E by Herkemer co. S E by Ode- | 
 ^o c«. .'J (7 Onei4a Lake aud Cheuangw jj 
 
 CO. W by l.akc Ontario. It is well -cife- 
 tcred. I'he foil is fertile. Inhabitant? 
 
 Z2,047. 
 
 Oncmack Point Is the S W point 'of the 
 continent of North America, on the N W 
 coaft, and the S limit of Eriftol Bay. k 
 \h 8a Icigucs S S W of Cape Newenham, 
 or the N point 01 that erienfi^c bay ; and 
 in Iat. 54 30 N, .and long. 163 30 W. 
 
 O-Nimaxouj a harbour on the SE coaft 
 of Uiietca, one of the Society Itlands, vk 
 the S. Pacific Ocean It is N E of Ohetu- 
 na Harbour, en the fame coaft. 
 . Onion Cjpc, on the S W fide of New- 
 foundland Ifland, is about 4 leagues Wof 
 Quirpon iQand, or the northern point ot 
 that extcnfivc Ifland. 
 
 Onion River, in the iStaiic of Vermont, 
 formerly called French Rivrr, and by th« 
 Indians IVineoJki, i\[c$ in Cabot, aboiit 14 
 miles W of Conne6licut River, and is nav- 
 igable for Imall veiTels 5 miiej from its 
 mouth, in Lake Champlain, between tlie 
 towns of Burlington and ColcheOcr ; and 
 for boats between its feveral falls. It is 
 one of the fined dreams in Vermont, and 
 runs through a mofl fertile country, the 
 produce cf v.'hich for fcveral miles on 
 each fide of the river, is brought down to 
 the lake at Burlington. It is from 20 to 
 30 rods widCj to the lower falls, and 15 or 
 20 rods, 40 miles from its moutli, and it« 
 dcfccnt in this diftancc Is 17 a feet, which. 
 Is about 4 feet to the mile. Between Bur- 
 lington and Colchcfter, this river has worn 
 through a folid rock of lime ftone, which 
 in fame time ofremote antiquity mufl have 
 formed at this place a prodigious catara^i):. 
 The chafm is between 70 and 80 feet in 
 depth at low wa^er, and in one place 70 
 fctt from rock to rock, where a woodeii 
 bridge is thrown acro.r». At Bolton there 
 i.-» a chafm of the fame kind, bur fomcwhat 
 wider, and the rock is at ItaH: 130 fe&: 
 in height. From one fide fevcral rocki 
 hare falkn acrofs the river, in fuch a 
 mantier as to form a natural bridge at 
 low water, but in a (Ituation to be an ol»- 
 jed> of curiofity oaly* It vr.is along thi« 
 river that the Indians foroierJy traveliccl 
 
 from Canada, 
 
 haj maac tneir at- 
 
 tacks on the fx-otiticr fcttlement* on Coii- 
 nciflicut River. 
 
 OHonJaro Cajils^ cn the Oncnd.^.go Ref* 
 ervation liands, N. York, ii 25 miles S W 
 of Oneida Caftle. 
 
 0,icridago, or S^jlf Lale, In the State of 
 N. York, is about 6 miles long and a n>ilc 
 broad, and iVnds its waters to Seneca 
 River. L* iultudii i» rc:r.i;C'Uid hr 
 
O N S 
 
 O N Z 
 
 tAi fpring* a few rods from its banks. 
 Thcfe fprings arc cap?.b1e of producing 
 immenfe quantities of fait, and arc in the 
 State Refervation, and a great benefit to 
 the country, every part of which is fo 
 united by lakes and rivers as to render 
 the fupply of this bulky and accefTary 
 article very eafy. See Salina. 
 * Onondago^ a river of New York, Avhich 
 xlfes in the Oneida Lake, and runs weft- 
 wardly into Lake Ontario at Ofwego. It 
 is boatablc from its mouth to the head 
 of the lake, 74 miles, except a fall which 
 occafions a portage of ao yards, thence 
 batteaux go up Wood Creek almoft to 
 Tort Siainvix, 40 miles, whence there is a 
 portage of a mile to Mohawk River, 
 'i oward the head of this river, falmon are 
 caught ia great numbers, 
 
 Unofidago, a couuty of New York State, 
 confining of military lands divided into 9 
 tovvnfliips. The county is bounded W by 
 Ontario co. and N by Lake Ontario, 
 the Onondago River, and Oneida Lake. 
 The county courts are held in the vil.lage 
 of Aurora, in the townfhip of Scipio. 
 This county is admirably fituated for in- 
 land navigation, being interfedlcd by the 
 two navigable rivers Seneca and Ofwego, 
 having befides five lakes and a number of 
 creeks. For an account of the refcrved 
 lands, fee Military Townfoips. The in- 
 habitants are 7406. 
 
 Ononda^Oy a poft town and formerly 
 the chief town of the Six Nations, fitu- 
 atcd in a very pltafant and fruitful coun- 
 try, on the S end of the lake of the name, 
 afid confided of 5 fmall towns or villages. 
 
 Onondjgoesy a tribe of Indians who live 
 near Onondago Lake. About ao years 
 fmce, they could furnifh 260 warriors. 
 In 1779, a regiment of men was fentfrom 
 Albany, by Gen. I, Clinton, who furprifed 
 the town of this tril>e, took ys prifoners, 
 killed izor 14, and returned without the 
 lofs of a man. A parr of the Indians 
 ^vere then ravaging the American fron- 
 tiers. This nation, which now confifls 
 of 450 fouls, receives annually from the 
 State of New York, a,coo dollars ; and 
 from the United States about 450 dol- 
 lars. 
 
 fJnfoTv, a maritime county of Wilming- 
 ton diArii!:, N. Carolina, W of Cape Look- 
 out. It contains 5,474 inhabitants, inclu- 
 ding 1,757 fiaves. Chief town, Swanf- 
 borough. 
 
 O'-Jloxv, a townfhip of Nova Scotia, 
 Halifax co. at the head of tj^e Bafin of 
 r^lin.^s, 35 miles N E of Winan^r, and 46 j 
 
 N by W of Halifax. It was fettled by 
 emigrants from New England. 
 
 Ontario, one of that grand chain of 
 lakes which divide the United States from 
 U. Canada. It is fituated between lat. 43 
 15 and 44 N, and long. 76 30 and 80 W. 
 Its form is nearly elliptical ; its grcatcft 
 length is from S W to N E, and its cir- 
 cumference about 600 miles. The divifioa 
 line between the State of New York 
 and Canada, on the N pafTes through 
 this lake, and leaves within the United 
 States 1,390,000 acres of the water of L. 
 Ontario, accQrding to the calculation of 
 Mr, Hutchins. It abounds with fifh of 
 an excellent flavour, among which arc 
 the Ofwego bafs, weighing 3 or 4 pounds. 
 Its banki in many places arc ftccp, and 
 the fouthcrn (bore is covered principally 
 with beech trees, and the lands appear 
 good. It communicates with Lake Eric 
 by the river Niagara. It receives the 
 waters of GennefTce River from the S, and 
 of Onondago, at Fort Ofwego, from the 
 S E, by which it communicates through 
 Oneida Lake, and Wood Creek, with the 
 Mohawk River. On the N E this lake 
 difchargcs itfelf Into the river Cataraqui, 
 (which at Montreal takes the name of St. 
 Lawrence) into the Atlantic Ocean. It 
 is afferted that thefc lakes fill once in j 
 years ; but the fadt is doubted. The if!-, 
 ands are all at the eaftern end, the chief 
 of which are Wolf, Apihcrfl;, Gage, and 
 Howe Iflands. 
 
 Ontario, a large, fertile county of New 
 York, bounded N by the lake of its name, 
 W by the GennefTee River, S by Steuben 
 county. It is well watered by GennefTee 
 R. its tributaries, and a number of fmall 
 lakes. Canandarquaistbe chief town, fit- 
 uated at the N W corner of Canandarqua 
 Lake, 15 miles W of Geneva, and 30 N E 
 of Williamfburg. This county contains 
 12,584 inhabitants, of whom 57 are flaves. 
 
 Otttario County, in U. Canada, confifts of 
 the following ifiands : — an idand at pref- 
 ent known by the name of Tonti, (called 
 Amherfl iHand) an ifland known by the 
 name of Ifle au Foret, (called Gage Ifl- 
 and) an ifland known by the name of 
 Grand Ifle, (called Wolfe Ifland) and an 
 ifland known by the name of Ifle Couch- 
 ois, (called Howe Ifland) and compre- 
 hends all the iflands between the mout^pi 
 of the G'.roqui, to the cafternmofl extrem- 
 ity of the late townfliip of Maryfburghj 
 called Point Pleafant. Smyth. 
 
 Ontario Fort. See Ofivego. 
 
 Onzffn, a cape or point on the N coaft 
 
 •f 
 
© R A 
 
 O R A 
 
 •f Brazil, oppofite to Cape St. Lawrence, 
 forming together the points of Laguariba 
 River; the latter cape being on the W 
 fide of the river. The river is lO leagues 
 S E by E of Bohia Baxa. 
 
 Onalajhka, or UnMJLka^ an if] and be- 
 tween the coaft of America and.Kamf. 
 chatka. The inhabitants have a degree 
 of civility not common among favages. 
 They clothe themfelvcs like other peopl* 
 in the fame flare of fociety, with the ikins 
 of fowls, &c. wearing the feathers next 
 to them, the Ikins being neatlj drcffed. 
 They eat raw fifli, birds, roots, berries, 
 and even fea-weed. All fewing \% per- 
 formed by the females, who are {hoema- 
 kers, tailors, and boat builders. They 
 alfo make mats and balkets of grafs, ftrong 
 and beautiful. But they are a race of 
 favages, without religion or morals, with- 
 out laws or government, following the 
 impulfe of the moment. They frequent- 
 ly barter their children and wives for 
 commodities needed. It has feveral good 
 harbours, two burning mountains, near 
 one is a hot fpring. The land is rocky 
 but fertile. Fifh and fowls are plenty ; 
 long. 187 60 W, lat. $1 ap N. Mavur. 
 
 Opi'ch'n Creei, in Virginia, a S W water 
 •f Patowmac I^ver. 
 
 0/}/>s, z village in Northampton co. 
 Pcnnfylvania, 6 miles S E of Bethlehem. 
 
 Oguagn^ in Tioga co. New York. Here 
 fs a pofjt office, 407 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Or, Cape d\ in Nova Scotia, is fituated 
 •n the N fide of the Bafm of Minas. 
 Some fmall pieces of copper have been 
 found here. 
 
 Or a Ctibeca Bay, on the N fidc of the ifl- 
 and of Jamaica, in the Weft Indies, has a 
 ftrong fort on the E fide, and Salt Gut 
 W; at both thefe places is good anchor- 
 age for large velfels. 
 
 Oranai, or Ranai^ one of the Sandwich 
 Iflands in the N, Pacific Ocean, 9 miles 
 from Mowee. The point S is in lat. ao 
 46 N, and long. 156 5a W. 
 
 Orangs Key, one of the Bahama Iflands 
 in the Weft Indies. N lat. ^4 a8, W long, 
 
 79 37- 
 
 Orangt, a bay on the N E coaft of Ja- 
 maica, E N E of the high mountain, a lit- 
 tle within land, under which is Crawford's 
 Town. Alfo a bay at the N W end of the 
 fame iiland, between Green Ifland N and 
 North Ncgiil harbour S or S W. 
 
 Orange, a cape, the E point of Oyapok 
 River, S E of Cayenne Ifland. N. lat. 4 
 ao, \V long. 50 JO. 
 
 Orangt Key, or Cay, a fmall ifland In 
 Orange"Bay, at the N W end of the ifl- 
 and of Jamaica. 
 
 Orange, a county of Vermont, which 
 contains 18,438 inhabitants. It is bound- 
 ed W by part of Addifon and Chittenden 
 counties, and E by Connedticut River. 
 It now contains ao townfliips. The coun- 
 ty town, Newbury, and the townfhips S 
 of it, viz. Bradford, Fairleo and Thetford, 
 front Connecticut River. It is high land, 
 and fends numerous ftrcams in oppofitc 
 dire<flions, both to Connt(5licut River and 
 to Lake Champlain. 
 
 Orange, a townfliip on the N line of the 
 above county, in the N E corner of which 
 is Knox's Mountain. It has 338 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Orangey formerly Cardigan, a townfhip 
 in Grafton co. N. Hampfliii c, which give* 
 rife to an E branch of Mafcomy River. 
 It was incorporated in 1789; contains 
 ao3 inhabitants ; and i$ ao miles E of 
 Dartmouth College. 
 
 Orange^ a townfliip of MaiTachufctts, 
 on the E line of Hamplhire co. on Mil- 
 ler's River, 75 miles N W by W of Bofton, 
 It was incorporated iu 1783, and contain* 
 766 inhabitants. 
 
 Orange, a mountainous and hilly co. of 
 New York, bounded N by Ulfter co. E by 
 Hudfon R, 8 E by Rockland co. S W by 
 N. Jerfey. It is divided into 9 townfliips, 
 of which Goflien is the chief, ircontains 
 29,355 inhabitants, of whom 1,145 ^^e 
 flaves. In this county are raifed large 
 quantities cf excellent butter, which is 
 collecHied at Newburgh and New Wind- 
 for, and thence tranfported to Neiv York, 
 lOn the N fide of the mountains in this co. 
 is a very valuable tratSt called the Drctvrf 
 ed Lands, containing about 40 or 50,000 
 acres. The waters v/hich defceud from 
 the furroundin^ hills, being but flowly 
 difcharged by the river ifTuing from it, 
 cover thefe vaft meadows every winter, 
 and render them extremely fertile ; but 
 they expofe the vicinity to intermittents, 
 Wallkill River, which paflcs through this 
 tra(5l and empties into Hudfon's River, is, 
 in the fpring, ftored with very large eels 
 in great plenty. The bottom of this riv- 
 er is a broken rock; and it is fuppofed 
 that for £2,000 the channel might be 
 deepened fo as to drain off the waters, 
 and thereby redeem from the floods a 
 large tra6l of rich land, for grafs, hemp, 
 and Indian corn. 
 
 Orange, called alfo Orangedale, a town 
 in Eflcx CO, N. Jerfey, containing about 
 
 eight.jf 
 
O R A 
 
 O R F 
 
 «*5^*y liotirs», a Prefbyteri?.n chin ch, an J 
 a fiourifiiing acadeiny, and lies aJ \V of 
 Kevvitrk, adjoiinng. 
 
 ■ Orar.^2^ a countv of Hilinjorough dil- 
 tf i<rt» N. Carolina ; bounded N by Caf- 
 ueii CO. S by Chaiham, E by Granville, 
 ;»na W bv Guilford. Tlic rivers rlaw and 
 Fncr in this county have lands cu their 
 borders. It contains i.3,657 inhabitunts, 
 .of whom 3,3^7 «ic flavts. Chief town, 
 Hillfborough. 
 
 Omrige, i. county of South Carolina, in 
 Otaagtburg difuiA. 
 
 G'^iingey a count',- of Virginia, bounded 
 N by Cuiiicppei , auQ S by AU.cni.atle. 
 It cootaina 6,"C7 free inhabitanls, and 
 5,242 flavee* 7 he court hoafc is liiuatcd 
 50 miles from Culpepper court hoiiie,30 
 from Ch^rlottcrilie, anc 273 from Fhila- 
 cclphia. The CGunly ii 55 nvJes long, 
 And 10 broad, containing^' 320,000 acres 
 Much of J he land has been fo long cuUi- 
 Uratcd *itfa tobacco and Indian corn, that 
 it is greatly impovcriflicd. There arc 3 
 J£pifcopal churclfe$, 5 or 6 Baptifi: and i 
 Prefbyterian church in the county. At 
 the court hv>ui"e is a poft office, 127 milt* 
 irom Yiafliington. 
 
 Ofangghi:rg, a diflricl of Scuth Carolina, 
 bounded S W by Edifio RiTcr. It is di- 
 vided into 5 counties, vix. Lcwifburg^ 
 Orange, and Lexington. In the interior 
 i}f this diftri^ are cxtcnfivc foreft* of 
 ;pinc. It is ivatcred by the N and S branch 
 cs of the Edifto River, and has 15,766 in- 
 habitants, of whom 5,356 arc flavc*. i'ce 
 Sotfth Carolina, 
 
 Orangeburg, a poft town of South Caro- 
 lina, and capital of the aboTc diftric% is 
 on the E fids of the N branch of Edifio 
 River. It has a court houfe, gaol, and 
 about ao houfes; 77 miles N N W of 
 Charlefton, 40 foutheriy of Columbia, 
 and 721 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Orangetoivn, or Greeiuandj a plantation 
 in Cumberland co. Maine, N W of Wa- 
 tt-rford. One branch of Songo River ri- 
 fes in the northern part of this plantation, 
 within about 3 miles of Amarilcoggin 
 River, vvhtrc there is a pond, two miles 
 long, called Songo Pond ; from thence the 
 ftrcam runs fouthward. It is very diffi- 
 cult to tfFe<n: roadi through this mountain- 
 ous country; fume of the mountains af- 
 fording precipices iooftct perpendicular. 
 Tlie fides o{ the mount iins and yaliics 
 arc fertile, produce good crops, and In 
 ^cmc inflances aflbrd wild onions which 
 /cfemblc thofe that arc cultivated. Wiii- 
 Irr rye, which tt lhc« chit-f preduee, k^ j[ 
 
 anioautcd to 10 bulb els aa ^crc. Tke 
 coa;Ury in the ntighbouxhtiod formerly 
 abouudcd with a variety of game, vi;^. 
 luoclcj dcer,.btar8, beaver, racoon, fable, 
 iStc. but lincc it has been inhabited, g^jme 
 h^s b;.comc fcarce ; -deer arc ex'irpattd 
 from the vicinity ; fome moofe remaiat 
 among the mountains, and a few beaver, 
 that are too fagacious to be taken by 
 the moft crafty hunter. Since the deer 
 have been dcflroytd, the v-clvco have 
 wholly kft this p-^rt of the country. 
 
 Otangcts'u-n, cr Tiif^pan, in Oiangc co. 
 Now York, is Gtuated on the W fide of 
 the Tappan Sea, oj-'pofite Philiipfburgh, 
 and about 27 miles N of New York city. 
 The townOiip is bounded £ by Hadfoa 
 Pwivc^, and S by the State of New Jerfer. 
 It contained in 1790, 1175 free inhabi- 
 tants, and 203 Haves, 
 
 (jrangeioiun^ in Wafliington CO. Mainc, 
 is 19 miles from Machias. 
 
 OrchiUa, one of the Leeward Iflands ia 
 the W. bidies, fituated near the coaft of 
 Terra Firma, S. A.merica ; between the 
 iiiands of Tortuga and Roca, 15 or 16 
 leagues N W cf the former, and 6 or f 
 E and E by N of the latter. It is ^bout 
 2 leagues lor.g. On the S and S W fide, 
 the flrand is ftscp aixd bold, fo that a fhip 
 may lay her broad fide clofe to the fliore ; 
 but the N fide is foul and rocky. Here 
 is nc good water, nor Indeed :^.ny thing elfe 
 but fhclterfnJm northerly winds, and goat's 
 flcfli. It is divided into feveral fmall ifl- 
 ands, fcparated from each other by flial- 
 low canals. N lat. ti 5a, W long. 6s 15. 
 Ordado Boci, near the coaft of Peru, is 
 4 miles S by E of Port Callao. Near 
 it are fome fmallcr ones, and round thenj 
 from 9 to 16 fathoms water. 
 
 OrtabcuyOr Qrechouy a fmall elevated 1(1- 
 and, clofe to the N fide of Oneeheow, one 
 of the Saadwich Iflands ; with which it i« 
 connecTted by a reef of coral rocks. It 
 contains about 4,000 inhabitants. N lat, 
 22 2, W long. 160 8- 
 
 Oregan River. See River cf the U'tjt. 
 Orjord, a port town in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampiliire, on the E b^nk of Connccfli- 
 cut River, about 15 miles N of Hanover, 
 and oppofite to Fairlce in Vermont. It 
 was incorporated in 1761, and contains 
 988 inhabitants. The foap rock, which 
 has the property of fuller's earth in cleanf- 
 ing cloth, is found here; alfo allum ore, 
 free Hone fit for building, and a grey 
 ftoac, in great demand for mill ftones, 
 reckoned equal in q^uality to the import- 
 ed butr-B<Hl«^, 
 
 QrfarJ, 
 
6 tts 
 
 OHO 
 
 cb 
 
 'i^r/^fV, Cgpe, the nortbweflcrntr,o?l po?nt 
 »f the large ifland to the Wof Falkbnd's 
 Sounc in the Falkland Ifiands^ in the S- 
 Atlantic Ocean, And S E of CapePcrcival. 
 
 Or/ad, tie toivnfiip c/, in Suffolk co. U. 
 Canada, dlftingu^fhcd fometimes by Or- 
 ford, N and S, is the rdsdcncc of the Mo- 
 ravians ; it is bounded on the S by I^ake 
 ?.rie, and wstercd by the Thames to the 
 aorfhward. Smyth. 
 
 Orfofd, a townfhip in I.. Canada, W of 
 Afcot, having about 30 inhabitants. It 
 h?.^ a corfidcrablc lake in the K, and 
 another in the S part of the townfliip. 
 
 Orlandy a town in Hancock co. Maine, 
 ©B the E bank of Penobfcot River, ?.t its 
 mouth, having Bnckftown on the N, Pe- 
 nobfcot on the S, and Eliiworth on the 
 r,. It is 17 miles N of Ca.Qine, 
 
 Orphan Ifand, in the mouth of Penob- 
 fcot River, oppoflte to the towns of Or- 
 >3nd on the E, and Pfofpeta on the W. 
 Tt contains about io,ccc acres of excel- 
 lent tiUage land. 
 
 Orinulo. See Oronoh Ri'fJtr, 
 
 Otifr^a^ the highcft mountain of Mexi- 
 
 , vvuble 60 miles diflant. It became 
 vo'canic In 1545, and io continued for 
 eo years. There are many volcanoes in 
 this province. 
 
 Orleans^ the middle of the 3 northern 
 counties of Vermont. A part of Lake 
 Memphrcmagog projects Into the north- 
 ern part of it from Canada. It contains 
 17 townfliips. It is very high lend, and 
 fends its waters ia almofl every diredbion 
 «)f the compafs. Clyde, Barton and 
 Black Rivers empty into Lake Memphre- 
 magog; the waters of many branches of 
 Miirifcoui, La Moelle, and Onion Rivers, 
 rifmg here, fall into L^ike Champlain ; 
 thofc of Mulhegan and Pafumpfic empty 
 into Connecticut River. It contains 1,439 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Orleans, a poft town, Barnftable cciinty, 
 Xlaflachufttts, taken from the fouthcrly 
 part ofEaflham, and incorporated in 1797. 
 It has Harwich on the \V,and is 91 miles 
 from Bofton. The tides from Narragan- 
 fct and MafTachufetts Bays, arc faid to 
 jjiett opposite this town. Clams are 
 fjfiind in great abundance here, and are 
 made an article of profitabfe tra{5c. A 
 thoufand barrels, worth fix dollars a bar- 
 rel, arc in fomc years faltcd here. In 
 3800, there were 141 dwelling houfes in 
 this town, inhabited by 174 families, and 
 1,095 fouls. 
 
 Q/fear.s, I/Ie of, is fituated in the river 
 S*. Lawr«i«e, a ^aU dslbavc below 
 
 Qiitbrc, End n remarkable for the flih- 
 nel's of its foil. !t lies in the middle <jf 
 the river, tire channel upon the S fdc of 
 the iiland, the N fide not lisving depth 
 of water at full tide, even for (hpJIw^, 
 The S W end of the idand <> ca?Vd FVhW 
 Orlearrs, The coaO: is rocky for •» Ts-'i-t 
 and a half within the S chanuc!, "whert 
 there is a careening place for mcrchrcrt 
 fliips. Round Point l^vi, and >Jorg tfct: 
 S E fide of the ri\*cr, the Orore is^ ri*rkr, 
 but the middle of the hafca is enrireJy 
 free. 
 
 Oilcans^ Nev}. Sce Nc-O} Drlrs'r^.t ItT.dk 
 
 CrltanT^ OH Fcrt, is utuated r>V: ?^x W 
 bank of a bend of Miflburi Kiv<:r, ?ii 
 Louiiiana, a conAderabJe dlRaurc fnmi 
 its mouth. 
 
 OroJaht Ftma^ o« the coifb t>f Pens, J*. 
 two leagues due N of Lohos At P&ytv 
 and two S by W of Payta, 
 
 OirtKcofo, a river of New Erwnfwirlt, 
 which empties into St. John's Rlitrcr. Fy 
 this paflagc th« Indiana haveaconsimMsi* 
 cation with PafTamiiquoddy Ba?. 
 
 Oron.heh, ati Indian tribe whol^Tenr^f 
 Trcis Rivieres, and could fumi3i irto 
 warriors about 30 years aga 
 
 Oronch, or OroKoqut^ one of the fe^^fS: 
 rivers of S. America, and « Trrnssvfeat*!!? 
 for its riling and falling once a yosroolr-; 
 for it gr.'.daaily rifcs during the f^ar e o^ 
 5 months, and then remains one* szicnth 
 ftatinnary, after which it ffclSs for ^ 
 months, and ia that ftat'* cotstsunsr* fcr 
 one month alfo. Thcfe a!t>ematcclutt«gc« 
 arc regular, and evtn invarr^ib^c Per- 
 haps the rifing of the waters of tfec rhrer 
 may depend ou the rrins which confiaE*"- 
 ly fall in the mountains ai the A-nA^, 
 (where the river has its foiirce) fmxy 
 year about the month of ApviS ; arisll 
 though the height of the fl-ood dcpnadf* 
 much upon the breadth cr cxtcni «>f tl&Mr 
 bedof the river.yet in one p;jrt "'rfrirr;:??^ 
 narrowtft,it rifes to the an:onriliic2-!ac»gt«£ 
 of ISO feet. The mouth of tht river «» 
 S by E of the Gulf of Pari^ in bx. g 3» 
 N, and long. 59 50 ¥7, ar-d oppt.fitcto^e 
 FHand of I'rinidad. It 13 large attd c?"^ 
 gable, and ha» many good towns oa iu 
 banks, that are chiefly inliyb.tj-d W tSj^ 
 SpaniA, and is joined aHb on ihc'2 St?5 
 by the Lake Cadpa. Th»re are two otf|- 
 er iiland-? ^t its mos:th, the cntratirc f^ 
 which is sifo fomc".vh.U dangerc-vs, "^y 
 there is frequently a dreadful ccnr'.-cl Jk- 
 tweon the tide of the ocean ar.d the ott- 
 Tfut 9i iks riv«f, tJw: m^ik^ioz t.it re-i- 
 
d R p 
 
 S A 
 
 fons aflfigned, fomctimes run very rapid- 
 }y. It is faid the river, including its 
 tvindings, takes a courfc of 1380 miles, 
 and prcferves the frefhnefs of its waters 
 ttvelve Itagues from the raouth of that vaft 
 and deep channel, within which it was 
 confined. It may be conddercd, howev- 
 er, as having many mouths, which are 
 formed by the iflands that lie before its i 
 opening towards the ocean ; yet there are 
 enly two that are confidered as of any 
 »fe for the purpofes of navigation. Thefc 
 are the channels of Sabarima and Coro- 
 bana, otherwife called Caribbiana. The 
 latter lies in a S by W diredlion, and is 
 alfo divided into two diflin<Sl channels 
 that afterwards meet again at the ifland 
 of Trinidad in the mouth of the Grand 
 River. But pilots pretend to fay, that 
 the mouth of this great river begins from 
 the river Amugora, reaching from thence 
 to the river Sabarima, and from thence 
 about to the riv^r Caribbiana : andfomc 
 accounts ftatc its mouths to be 40 in num- 
 ber, as if it were a colle(Slion of many 
 rivers, all uniting at the mouth of the 
 great river, and aflifting to convey the 
 main flream of that river into the ocean. 
 The weft paflage or channel of the river 
 Oronoko, called by the Spaniards the 
 Gulf of Paria, lies between Cape Salinas 
 on the main and the north-weft point of 
 the ifland of Trinidad. It contains fev- 
 eral iflands, which divide the ftream of 
 the river into ieveral branches, particu- 
 larly the Great Eoco, or Mouth, which is 
 the eaflernmoft, being about gun-lliot 
 wide, but having no foundings, with 300 
 fathoms, and the Little Boco, or Mouth, 
 which is the wefternmoft, being almoft as 
 wide as the other, and having ground at 
 from 50 to 60 fathoms. At New Cape 
 Araya, on the northward fide of the 
 mouth of this river, are fait pits, which 
 yield the finefl fait in the world. In fome 
 maps, the head-waters are called Inirchia. 
 
 Oronoko^ Little. See Mocomoco. 
 
 Oronos IJland, in Penobfcot River, at 
 the N end of Marfli's Ifland. 
 
 Oropefa^ a town in the jurifdii5lion of 
 La Plata, S. America ; fituatcd do miles 
 N W of that city, In the valley of Cocha- 
 bamba, on a fmall rivulet which empties 
 into the river Guapay. It has a coniid- 
 crablc trade in corn and fruits. 
 
 Oropefa^ a town of S. America, in Peru, 
 feated at the foot of the mountains, 750 
 miles from Lima, and 150 N E of Potofi. 
 S lat. 18, \V long. 63 30. 
 
 Qr^lant Bank, a fiflwr'g bank off tbc S 
 
 E point of Chaleur's Bay, on the N t c©afi 
 of New-Brunfwick, in N. America. Oa 
 it is from 75 to 30 fathoms water. 
 
 Orphans IJland^ in Lake Ontario, U. 
 Canada, lies off the eaft ihore of Maryf- 
 burgh, and near to it in Traverfe Bay. 
 
 Orrington^ a town in Hancock co.Maine, 
 at the head of the tide on the eaft fide of 
 Penobfcot River, oppoftte the towns of 
 Bangor and Haraden, 3 a miles northerly 
 from Caftinc. It has 785 inhabitants. 
 
 Orrpoilley Grainger co. Tenneflee. Here 
 is a poft office, 501 miles from Waflaing- 
 ton. 
 
 Or/on s IJland, in Penobfcot River, lies 
 at the head or N end of Marfli's ffland. 
 It contains about 1000 acres. (N. B. 
 This ifland and Orano take their names 
 from Indian Chiefs their proprietors.) 
 
 Orua^ or Aruba^ the moft wefierly of the 
 Carlbbee Iflands, called by the Spaniard* 
 Lcs Ifles de Sottovento. It Is on the coafl: 
 of the Spanilh Main. N lat. la 3, W 
 long. 6() 2,. 
 
 Oruro, a jurifdi(5lion in the archblfliop- 
 ric of La Plata. Its capital is San Phe- 
 lipe de Auftria de Oruro, 30 leagvres fronj 
 the city of La Plata. 
 
 Orivel, a poft town of Vermont, the 
 north-wefternmoft in Rutland co. on the 
 E fide of Lake Champlain. It contains 
 1376 inhabitants. Mount Independence 
 ftands in this townfliip oppofite Ticonde- 
 roga. Near Mount Independence is a 
 chalybeate fpring, 
 
 Orxvell Rivrr, U. Canada, rifcs in a long 
 marfh towards the river Thames, and 
 running foutherly difcharges itfelf into 
 Lake Erie, between Landguard and the 
 North Foreland, having about 2^ feet of 
 water on its bar. There is water enough 
 for a loaded boat to go three miles up 
 this river. The land on each fide in ma- 
 ny places confifts of large rich flats, ad- 
 joining the river, which appear at times 
 to have been overflowed ; and on the 
 adjacent highlands is a deep black foil. 
 Smyii. 
 
 0/ages, an Indian nation who inhabit oa 
 the river of the fame name, on the right 
 bank of the Miflx)uri, about 80 league* 
 from its confluence with it. They num- 
 ber aooo warriors, who live In two fettle- 
 ments near each other. They are of a 
 gigantic ftature and well proportioned, 
 are enemies of the whites and of all other 
 Indian nations, and commit depredations 
 from the Illinois to the Arkanfas. The 
 trade of this nation is faid to be under 
 an cjtcluitve gr?,ar, They are a cruel and 
 forociov'.s 
 
b SN 
 
 OSS 
 
 f'erocioui race, hated and feared tiy all the 
 other Indians. J^ff^''/'^"- 
 
 Ofjge, a river of Louifinna, which runs 
 trom the W into the right bank of the 
 MifTouri, about 24 miles from the Milli- 
 fippr. 
 
 Ofgopie Toivnjhip, in the county of Duri- 
 daT, 17. Canada, is the fecond townfliip 
 on the eafl: fide of the Radcau, in afcend- 
 in|^ that river. 
 
 Of.iahruck Toivnjhip, in the colinty of 
 Stormont in U; Canada, is the 4th town- 
 !fhfp in afcending the river St. Lawrence. 
 Tlie Rapid called the Long Sault, lies in 
 front of this townfliip ; the boats in go- 
 ing up keep the north fliOre, in great 
 rneafure, becaufe the fouth fliore is not 
 fettled ; but in defcending they univer- 
 iaily pafs between the iiflands and the 
 fouth (bore, that being the largeft, dcep- 
 efl:, and altogether the fafeftpafiage. The 
 inhabitants of late years have taken down 
 their grain with fafety, on r.ift«, to the 
 Atontreal markets. Many think that 
 the lumber trade is carried on with more 
 fafety down thefe rapids, than by thofe 
 tvhlch pafs Chambly, from Lake Cham- 
 plain ; it being a frequent obfervation at 
 ^ebcc, that the rafts from the upper 
 St. Lawrence are lefs ragged than thofe 
 \vhlch come from La\e Champlain. 
 There is however fome little additional 
 tifk to the rafts from IL Canada, by rea- 
 fon of having to pafs the fmail lakes St. 
 Francis and St. Louis ; all broad waters 
 being more or Jefs againft the rafting 
 tiade. But as the lake St. Pierre, which 
 is larger than either St. Francis or St. 
 Louis, muft be palTed, whether from Lake 
 Champlain or the Upper St. Lawrence, 
 there is no doubt but the lumber trade 
 will find its way down the St. Lawrence. 
 Some fcttlers have already made the at- 
 tempt, even from the head of the B.iy of 
 Quinti ; and when the produye of that 
 very fertile country fliall be exported for 
 the Montreal or foreign markets, the 
 raft will anfwer a double purpofc ; it 
 requires but a few hands to manage it, 
 and grain or pot-afli may be carried as 
 dry as in any other way. Smyth. 
 
 Ofnaburgi afmall Ulaud in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, having the appearance of the roof 
 of a houfe. It is about 4 leagues in cir- 
 cuit; is highland; full of cocoa-trees; 
 has no anchoring place, and fcarcely af- 
 fords landing for a boat. It was diicov- 
 crcd by Capt. Wallis, and is called Maitea 
 by the natives. S lat. 17 .52, W long. 
 148 6. 
 
 Vpt. I, Esc 
 
 bfnahti'r^^ another ifland in the fame 
 fea, difcovered by Capt. Carteret. S lat. 
 a2,W long. 141 34. 
 
 OfnabuYg Houfe, a fettlement of the 
 Hudfon's Bay Company, in N. America ; 
 fituated at the N E corner of Lake St. 
 Jofeph, 120 miles W by S of Gloucefter 
 Houfe. N lat. 51, W long. 90 15. 
 
 Oforno, an inland town of the kingdom 
 of Chiii, on the N bank of the river Bue- 
 na ; 42 miles eaft of the fea-coaft, and 
 45 S E of Baldivia. The adjacent coun- 
 try is unfruitful, but very rich in gold, 
 mines, \vhich renders t!ie place very pop- 
 ulous. S lat. 40 30, W long. 71 50. 
 
 OJabaiv Siund and I/land^ on the coaft 
 of Georgia. The found opens between 
 Wafiaw Ifland on the N and Oflabaw Ifl- 
 and on the S, and leads into the river 
 Ogeechee. 
 
 OJfapse^ Or Ofaf>y^ a pofl town, moun- 
 tain, and pond, in N. Hampfliire, Strat- 
 ford CO. near the E line of the State. 
 The town was incorporated in 1785, and 
 has 804 inhabitants. The lake lies N E 
 'of Winnipift ogee Lake, between which, 
 and OfTapee Lake is QJfapee Mountain. Its 
 waters run E, and, joined by South Riv- 
 er, form Great OJfjpee River ^ which emp- 
 ties into Saco Pviver, near the dlvifion line 
 between York and Cumberland counties, 
 in Maine, between Limerick and Gor- 
 ham. 
 
 Ojfnnlian^ or yjjfcnehoyne Indians^ a tribe 
 found about the fource of OfTnobian or 
 AfTeneboyne River, far \V of l-ake Supe- 
 rior. They are faid by the Moraviaa 
 milTionaries to live AvhoMy on animal 
 food, or at leaft to confine themfclves to 
 the fpontaneous prodndtions of nature, 
 giving thofe who dig the ground the ap- 
 pellation o^JIaves. Bread h unknown to 
 them, A traveller, who lived fomc 
 months in their country, offered to fome 
 a few remn,^.nt8 of bread, which thejr 
 chewed and fplt our again, calling it rot- 
 ten wood. Thefe Indians, as well as thofe 
 numerous nations who inhabit the coun- 
 try from Lake Superior, towards the 
 Shining Mountains, are great admirers of 
 the befl; hunting-horfes, in which the 
 country abounds. The horfes prepared 
 by them for hunters, have large holes cut 
 above their natural noflriU, which they 
 fay makes thtm longer winded than oth- 
 ers not thu? prepared. The Oifnobians 
 have no permanent place of abode, but 
 live wliolly in tents made of bufFaloeand 
 other hides, with which they travel from 
 one place to another, hke the Arabs ; 
 
 an-i 
 
OTA 
 
 OTA 
 
 andas fo©n ?.s the food for their horfes is 
 expended, they remove, and pitch their 
 tents in another fertile fpot ; and fo on 
 continually, fcarcely ever returning to 
 the fame fpots again. 
 
 OJiico^ a fmall lake in Onondago co. N. 
 York, partly in the S E corner of Mar- 
 cellus, and N W corner of the townfliip 
 of Tully. It fends its waters from the N 
 end, which is eight miles S wefterly of 
 Onondago Caftle, by a fbeam 1 6 miles 
 lonj^, to Salt Lake. 
 
 bjVincsy or Charlejlotvn, a confiderable 
 town in the ifland of Barbadocs. 
 
 OfivegatchU^ Netv^ on the N fide of the 
 tiver St. Lawrence, U. Canada, is in the 
 townfliip of Angufta., 
 
 Ofivegatchie R'mer^ runs a^ N weflerly 
 courfe from, its fource into St. Lawrence 
 CO. N. York ; it then bends S, and then 
 1)1 and N E about ^5 miles, and then turns 
 and purfues a wefterly courfe, by the 
 northern part of the lake of its name, the 
 waters of which it receives, and thearuns 
 7 miles N W into the St. Lawreaee. The 
 lake of this name is about t8 miles long, 
 from S W to N E, and fends it» waters 
 north- eaflward into the river of its name. 
 It is about 10 miles N E of The Thou- 
 fand Lakes, near the entrance Into Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 Of'wegatchia, an Indian tribe refiding 
 at Sv.agp.tchty, ^n the river St. Lawrence, 
 in Canada. 'I'hcy could furnifli about 
 ICO warriors, 30 years ago. 
 
 Of-zi'fgo, a navigable nver of N. York, 
 ■which conveys the wasters of Oneida and 
 a number of fmall lakes, into Lake Onta- 
 rio. It is more commouly called Ononda- 
 ga ; which fee. 
 
 Oj'-wego, a fortrcfs Titur.tcd on the E fide 
 of the mouth of the above river, and S E 
 fide of Lake Ontario, in lat. 43 20' N^and 
 long. 75 43 "VV. It was taken by the 
 Britifli from the French in 17^6, and con- 
 firmed to them by the peace of 1763. It 
 ■was delivered up to the U;iited States 
 July 14, 1796. It i.s about 150 or 1 60 miles 
 E by N of Niagara, ticrc is a poll office. 
 
 Ofivego Creei, Great, in the co. of Lin- 
 coln, U. Canada, runr, into the river Wei- 
 land, above the Little Ofwego Creek near 
 the N W part of the townlhip of Wain- 
 fleet. 
 
 Otabalo, a jurifdidVion in the province 
 of Quito, joined on the S to that of San 
 Miguel de Ibarra. The lands are laid 
 out in plantations, and produce great 
 quantities of fugar. The Indians in the 
 irillagcsj as alfo thofe who are indepen- 
 
 dent, ir^anufacflure great variety ef coN 
 tons, viz. carpets, pavilions for beds, qtiiltp- 
 in damafk work, wholly of cotton, either 
 white, blue, or variegated with different 
 colours; all which are highly valued, 
 both in the province of Quito and Peru, 
 where they are difpofed of to great ad- 
 vantage. The wheat and barley here, 19 
 fowed like Indian corn, in little holes, a 
 foot diflant from each other, putting 5 or 
 6 corns into each ; and they generally 
 reap above an hundred fold. I'he coun- 
 try is remarkably fertile, and large quan.* 
 titles of cheefe are made. 
 
 Olabalo, the principal village of the 
 above jurifdicElion, is large and populous, 
 and is faid to contain 18,000 or ao,ooo 
 fouls. Among them u a confiderable 
 number of Spaniards. 
 
 Otaha^onc of the Society Iflands in the 
 S. Pacific Ocean, whofe north end Is la 
 lat. 16 2,2 Touth, and long. 151 20 weft. 
 It has two good harbours. See Obamene 
 and Oheruruth 
 
 Oiabeite, the Sagitarta of Qulros, who- 
 fkfl difcovered it in 1606, one of the So- 
 ciety Iflands, in the South Sea. It was 
 firfl vifited by Capt. Wallis in 1767, and 
 afterwards by Capt. Cook and other cir- 
 cumnavigators. It confifls of a peninfu- 
 las, which are connetSled by a low neck 
 of land, about 0, miles over ; the circum- 
 ference of both peninfulaa is fomewhat 
 more than 90 miles. The whole ifland 
 is furrounded by a reef of coral rocksj 
 within which the fliore forms feveral ex- 
 cellent bays and harbours, where there is 
 room and depth of water for any number 
 of the largefl fhips. The face of the 
 country, except that part of it which bor- 
 ders upon the fea, is very uneven ; It 
 rifes in ridges that run up into the mid- 
 dle of the ifland, and there form moun- 
 tains, that may be ftcn at the diflance of 
 60 miles. Between thefe ridges and the 
 fea is a horder of low land extending 
 along all the coafl, except in a few places, 
 where the ridges rife diri(Slly from the 
 fea. This border Is of diiTcrent breadths, 
 but no where more than a mile and a^ 
 hrdf. There are feveral rivers which 
 precipitate their waters from the moun- 
 tains. Not the leafl appearance of min- 
 erals is to be found. The flones fliew 
 evident tokens of having been burned. 
 Traces of fire are alfo manifefl in the 
 very clay upon the hiils. It may there- 
 fore not unreafonably be fnppoled, that, 
 this and the neighbouring iflands are ei- 
 ther fliattered remains of a continent, 
 
 whick 
 
OTA 
 
 O T C 
 
 -which were left behind when the refl was 
 funk by the explofion of a fubterraneous 
 fire, or have been torn from rocks under 
 the bed of the fea, by the fame caufc, 
 and thrown up in heap* to an height 
 which the waters never reach. The foil, 
 except upon the very tops of the ridges, 
 is extremely rich and fertile, watered by 
 a great number of rrvulets of cxcelleii|J 
 ■^ater, and covered with fruit trees of va- 
 rious kinds, fomc of which are of a ftate- 
 ly growth and thick foHage, fo as to 
 form one continued wood ; even the tops 
 of the ridges, though in general bare and 
 burnt up by the fun, are in fome parts 
 Bot without their produce. The low 
 lands between the foot of the ridges and 
 the fea, and fomc of the interjacent val- 
 iies, are the only parts of the ifland that 
 arc inhabited. Here indeed it is popu- 
 lous. The houfes do not form villages 
 or towns, but are ranged along the v/hole 
 border, at the diftancc of about 50 yards 
 from each other. When the itland was 
 €rll dlfcovered, hogs, dogs and poultry 
 were the only tame animals ; d^jcks, 
 pigeons, paroquets, with a few other 
 birds, and rats, the only wild animals. 
 The breed of hogs has been greatly im- 
 proved from Europe. Cats, dogs, goats, 
 hens, geefc, peacocks, ducks, cattle, horfes 
 and flieep have been introduced here. 
 Beafts of prey, or noxious reptiles, there 
 arc none. The vcgetabie produftions are 
 bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, banannas of 13 
 forts, and all excellent ; plantains, a fruit 
 refembling an apple ; fweet potatoes, 
 yams, and cocoas. The people exceed 
 the middle fize of Europeans in ftaturc. 
 In their difpofitions, they are brave, open, 
 and generous, without either fufpicion or 
 treachery. Except a few traces of nat- 
 ural cunning, and fome traits of diffimu- 
 lation, equally artlefs and inofFcnfive, 
 they jxfiTefs the niofl: perfcA limplicity 
 of charadler. Their actions are guided 
 hy the immediate impulfe of the reign- 
 ing paffion. Their paflions are the gen- 
 uine effafions of the heart, which they 
 have never been taught to difguife or 
 reprcfs, and are tlverefore depi(5ted by 
 the flrongeft expreffions of countenance 
 and gefture. Their feelings are lively, 
 but in no cafe permanent : they are af- 
 fetSled by all the changes of the paffiug 
 hour, and refle(5l the colour of the time, 
 however frequently it ma)'^ vary. Their 
 vivacity is never difturbed by anxiety or 
 care ; brought to the brink of the grave 
 hy diieale, or when preparing to go to 
 
 ' battle, their faces are unclouded by mel- 
 ancholy or ferious reflection. Their lan- 
 guage is foft and melodious ; it abounds 
 with vowels, and is eafily pronounced. 
 It is rich in beautiful and figurative tx- 
 preiTions, and admits of that inverted ar- 
 rangement of words, which diftinguiflics 
 the ancient from moft modern languages. 
 It is fo copious, that for the bread-fruit 
 alone they have above twenty names. 
 Add to this, that befides the common dia- 
 lect, they often expoftulate iil a kind of 
 ftanza or recitative. The two peninfulas 
 are but one kingdom. The number of 
 inhabitants. In 1774, was eftimated by 
 Capt. Cock at 204,000. The power and 
 flrength of this and the neighbouring ifl- 
 ands lie entirely in their navies ; and all 
 their decifive battles are fought on the 
 water. Otaheite alone is fuppofed able 
 to fend ^ut 1720 war canoes, and 68poo 
 able men. The chief of each diftriA 
 fuperintends the equipping of the fleet ia 
 that diftrid: ; but they mufl: all pafs in 
 review before the king, fo that he knows 
 the ftate of the whole befor^" they aflcm- 
 ble to go on fervice. It is faid that whea 
 a bone is fo fliattered that a piece is miff- 
 ing, they infert & piece of wood between 
 the fractured ends, which heals over in a 
 few days. Women are not allowed to eat 
 with the meii. The man is at full liberty 
 to leave his wife till fhe becomes a moth- 
 er ; then he may, if he will, deftroy the 
 child. If the child he. preferved they 
 feldom part, but the man may rake anoth- 
 er wife. Diftlrcnt deities are worfliip- 
 ped in different parts of the ifland. If 
 they fee others more profperous than 
 themfelves, they adopt their gods and re- 
 jedl their own. They believe the foul 
 immortal, but have not diftindt ideas of 
 rewards and punilhments. Though they 
 are the raofi: friendly and amiable pagans 
 in the world, human facrifices arc com- 
 mon. To atone for their fins, they mur- 
 der their neighbours, ofler them to their 
 gods, and leave their bones on the fand. 
 The London Miirionary Society, in the 
 fpirit of their Divine Mafter, have fent a 
 number of milfionaries to this ifland, to 
 St. Chridiana and Tongataboo. Otaheite 
 is in lat. iS S. long. 150 W. 
 
 Ot(7hootai, a fmall ifland in the S. Pa- 
 cific Ocean, 4 leagues from Wateeoo, and 
 about 3 miles in circuit. S lat. 19 ij, 
 W long. 158 23. 
 
 Otchier^ a bay on tlie N coaft of S. 
 America, to the W of the river Urano, 
 and E of Cape Caldcxo. 
 
 9tsavanoesa 
 
O T T 
 
 O U A 
 
 large and fpaclouh har- 
 the S W ccaft of the 
 .ola, one of the Society Ifl- 
 o lat. i6 30, W long. 151 43. 
 
 Otisf.eld, a town in Cumberland co. 
 j\4aine, E of Bridgetown. A ftream from 
 Scngo Pond paiies through the weftcrly 
 part of this town, on its way to Sebago. 
 It is very free of ragged hills and moun- 
 tains. The greateft part of it affords a 
 growth of beech, maple, alli, bafs, and 
 birch, and is good land, it contains 450 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Otogamici, an Indian nation In the N. 
 "W. Territory, who inhabit between the 
 Lake of the Woods and Miffifippi Kiv^i;. 
 Warriors 300. 
 
 Oioqucjin ifland on the W coaft of New- 
 IMexico, in the Bay of Panama, 17 leagues 
 S of the city of that name, from whence 
 it is fupplied with provifions. ^ lat. 7 
 50, W long. 81 10. 
 
 Oi/ego, a county of N. York, on tlic S 
 fide of Mohawk River. It has Herke- 
 iner co. N, Schoharie E, Delaware S, and 
 Chenango W. The head waters of Suf- 
 quehannah, and the Cookquago branch 
 of Delaware, interfedl: this county. Here 
 are alfo the lakes Ocfego and Caniad^ra- 
 go, which lend their waters, in an united 
 fiream, to the Sufquchannak. It has 1788 
 inhabitants. In 1791, when this county 
 was but thinly fettled, as many as 300 
 chefls of maple fugar were manufadlured 
 here, 40olbs. each. The courts are held 
 »t Cooperftown, in the tpwuthip pf Ot- 
 fego. 
 
 Oi/egOj a townfliip and lake, in the 
 county above dcfcribed. The townfiiip 
 *vas taken fromUnadilIa,and incorporat- 
 ed in 1796. On the E the townfiiip en- 
 clofes Lake Otfego, which feparatcs it from 
 Cherry Valley. This lake is the head of 
 the Sufquehannah River, and is about 9 
 miles long, and a little more than a mile 
 wide. The lands on its banks are very 
 good, and the cultivation of it eafy. It 
 contains 4,2,24 inhabitants. 
 
 Ottaivat, an Indian nation who inhabit 
 the E fide of Lake Michigan, 21 miles 
 from Michillimackinack, in Wayne coun- 
 ty or Territory. Their hunting grounds 
 lie between Lakes Michigan and Huron. 
 They could furnifli 200 warriors 30 years 
 ago. A tribe of thefe alfo lived near St. 
 Joftph's, and had 150 warriors. Anoth- 
 er tribe lived with the Chippewa^, on Sa- 
 guinam B.<y, who together could raife 
 nco warriors. I'wo of thefe tribes lately 
 h«ftilei ii£.ntd the treaty of peace with 
 
 the United vStates, at Greenville, Augult 
 3d, 1795. In confequence of lands ceded 
 by them to the Uuifed States, govern- 
 ment has agreed to pay them in goods^ 
 icoo dollars a year, forever. 
 
 Ottaiua^or Grand Rmcr. See Grand JRi'ver, 
 
 Gttsr Bay, on the S coaft of the inland, 
 of Newfoundland, is between Bear and 
 J^-ift Bays, aud near Cape Raye. 
 
 Otter C-esk, called by the French Rivioe 
 a Lot r is, a river of Vermont, wliich rife* 
 in Bromley, and purfuing a northern di- 
 re<flIon about 9a miles, empties into Lake 
 Champlaiu at Ferrilburg; and in its courfe 
 receives about 15 fmall tributary ftreams. 
 In it are large falls at Rutland, Pittsford, 
 Middlebury, and Vergennes. Betweci\ 
 the falls the water is deep and navigable 
 for the largeft boats. Veffels of any bur- 
 den may go up to the falls at VergenncSj 
 5 miles from its mouth. The head of 
 this river is not more than 30 feet from 
 Batten Kill, which runs in a contrary di- 
 rection, and falls into Hudson's River^ 
 Its mouth is 3 miles N of £a/hn Harbour, 
 
 Ctter Creek, a fmall ftrcam which en)p-; 
 ties into Kentucky Rivci:, E pf Booaf« 
 l)orough. 
 
 Otter s Head, a remarkable high rockj^ 
 on the N fliore of Lake Superior, \J of 
 the river Rouge, Upper Canada. 
 
 Otter Stream, a branch of Great Works. 
 River, both which by one mouth of 10. 
 rods, unite and fall into Penobfcot on it« 
 E fidC) oppolite Marfli Ifland, about two, 
 miles below the Great Falls, and lO above 
 the head of the tide. 
 
 Ouabajh. See Wahcjh Hiiter. 
 
 Ouais^s Bay and River, are about two, 
 leagues round tiie N point of the ifland 
 of Cape Breton, in the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence. 
 
 Ouanamintbe, a French parifli and viK- 
 lagc on the N fide of the ifland of St, 
 Domingo, fi,ve leagues S E of Fort Dau- 
 phin. 
 
 Qtiaquaphenogaiv , or Ehanfanoka, or Qkev_ 
 fgnole, is a lake or rather marili, between, 
 Flint and Oakmulgee River.*;, in Georgia, 
 faid to be nearly 300 miles in circumfe- 
 rence, in wet feafons it appears like an^ 
 inland fea, and has feyeral large iflauds of 
 rich land ; one of which the prefent gen- 
 eration of Creek Indians rcprefentas the 
 moft blifsful fpot on earth. They fay- 
 it is inhabited by a peculiar race of In- 
 dians, whofe women are incomparably 
 beautiful. They tell that this terreflrial 
 paradil'e has been feen by fome enterpri- 
 UH^ hunters, wlieu in purfuit of their. 
 
GUI 
 
 O V E 
 
 game, who, being loft in inextricable [ 
 Iwamps and bogs, and on the point of j 
 periihing, were uncxpe<5ledly relieved by 
 a company of beautiful women, whom 
 they call Daughters of the Sun, wIk) 
 kindly gave them fuch provifions as they 
 had with them, corjifting of fruit and 
 corn cakes, and then enjoined them to 
 fly for faf/sty to their own country, bc- 
 caufe their hufbands were fierce men, and 
 cruel to ftrangers. They further fay, 
 fhat thefe hunters had a view of their 
 fettlements, iituated on the elevated banks 
 of an ifiand, in a beautiful lake ; but in 
 all their endeavours to approach it, they 
 were involved in perpetual labyrinths,and 
 like enchanted land, ftill as they imagin- 
 td they had juft gained it, it feemed to 
 fly before them ; and having quitted the 
 delufive purfuit, they with much difficul- 
 ty effected a retreat. They tell another 
 ftory concerning this fequeftered country, 
 which feems not improbable, which is, 
 thattheinhabitantsare the pofterity of the 
 fugitive remnant of the ancient Tame/es, 
 who cfcaped maflacrc after a bloody and 
 detifive battle between them and the 
 Creeks, (who, it is certain, conquered and 
 pearly exterminated that once powerful 
 people) and here found an afylum, remote 
 and fecure from the fury of their proud 
 conquerors. The rivers St. Mary and Si- 
 tilla, which fall into the Atlantic, and the 
 * beautiful little St. Juan, which empties 
 I into the bay of Appalachi at St. Mark's, 
 I are faid, by Bartram, to flow from this 
 
 i this lake. " The dimenfions of thh/wamp 
 
 are yet but little known, but are certain- 
 ly much lefs than have generally been 
 iuppofed." Eiljcott. 
 
 Ouafioto Mountains are fituated N "W of 
 the Laurel Mountains in North Carolina 
 and Virginia. They are 50 or 60 miles 
 wide at the pap, and 450 in length, N E 
 and S W. They abound in coal, lime 
 iind free-ftone. Their fummits are gen- 
 rally covered with good foil, and a varie- 
 ty of timber, and the interval laiids are 
 well watered. 
 
 Ouepas, a town on the coaft of Cofta Rica, 
 on the N- Pacific Ocean, and S of Carthago. 
 Ouiatanoriy a fmail ftockaded fort in the 
 Indiana I'erritory, on the W fide of the 
 Wabaili, in lat. 40 38 N, and long. 87 
 J58 W. This was formerly a French port. 
 Thus far the Wab^fli is navigable, 412 
 iniles from its mouth, for batteaux draw- 
 ing three feet water. A filver mine has 
 ^een dilcovered here. The neighbouring 
 ^dians arc the KickanopSj, Mufquitgas, 
 
 Pyamkifliaws, and a principal part of the 
 Ouiatiinons, The whole of thefe tribe* 
 could furuifh, about 30 years ago, 1000 
 warriors. The fertility of foil, and diver- 
 fity of timber, in this country are the fame 
 as in the vicinity of Pofl St. Vincennes. 
 
 Ouineajke, or Shelburn£ Bay, on the E fide 
 of Lake Champlain, fets up foutheallerljr 
 through the town of Burlington in Ver- 
 mont, into the northern part of Shclburnc 
 
 Ouifconjtngy a navigable river of the N. 
 W. Territory, which empties into the 
 Mifllfippi in lat. 43 ^iTt^ and long. 94 8; 
 where arc villages of the Sack and Foit 
 tribes of Indians. This river has a com- 
 munication with Fox River, which, paf- 
 fing through Winnebago Lake, enters P«* 
 an Bay in Lake Michigan. Between the 
 two rivers there is a portage of only three 
 miles. On this river and its branche* 
 refide the Indians of its name. Warriors 
 300. 
 
 Qleout Creek empties into the Sufque* 
 hannah River, in the townfhip of Sidney, 
 Delaware co. New York. 
 
 Oufe^ (formerly the Grand River J rifet 
 in the country belonging to the Chip^pe- 
 wa and MiffalTaga Indians, and running 
 foutherly, through the W riding of the 
 county of York, crofies Dundas Street, 
 and paffing between the counties of Lin-^ 
 coin and Norfolk, difembogues itfelf into 
 Lake Erie, about half way between the 
 North Foreland and Fort Erie. The l>ar 
 at the mouth of this river has from 7 to 
 9 feet water; it 1* about a caWe and a 
 half in length from the mouth of the rrv» 
 er to the middle of the bar. It is naviga- 
 ble many miles up for fmall veffels, and a 
 confiderablc di fiance for l>oats. About 
 40 miles up this river is the Mohawk 
 Village. The Senecas, Onondagoes, Cay- 
 ugas, Augagas, Delawares, and MilTafla- 
 gas, have alfo villages on different part* 
 of this river ; exclufive of which there i» 
 a numerous fl:ragghng fettlement of In- 
 dians from the vicinity of the Mohawk 
 Village,to witiiin a few miles of the mouth 
 of the river. Smyth. 
 
 Outer Buoy, in Hudfon's Bay, lies in 
 lat. CI 38 N, and 5 leagues E of Nortk 
 Bluff. 
 
 Outer JJland^ on the coaft of Labrador, 
 is in the clufler called ^i. Auguftine*4 
 Square ; S W of Sandy Ifland. 
 
 Outimacs, A tribe of Indians in the 
 Territory of Wayne, between Lakes Mi- 
 chigan and St. Clair. Warriors aoo. 
 !j Ovens Mouib Bay, Maine, S of Booth- 
 !1 bay, Linccila county, 
 
OWL 
 
 O Y S 
 
 ^vid, a poft town of N. York, in Cay- 
 aiga CO. It was incorporated in 1794 ; is 
 feparated from Milton on the E by Cay- 
 uga Lake, and comprehends all the lands 
 in the county on the W ftde of ScBCca 
 Lake. It has 2,169 inhabitants. 
 
 Oivafco, a lake, partly in the towns of 
 Aurelius and Scipio, in Onondago co. N. 
 York. It is about 11 miles long, and one 
 troad, and communicates with Seneca 
 River on the N by a ftream which runs 
 through the town of Brutus. The high 
 road from Kaat's KiJl weftward, paflcs 
 towards Cayuga ferry, near the N end 
 of the lake. 
 
 Owego, a poft: town in Tioga co. New 
 York, on the N W bank of the E branch 
 of the Sufquehannah, %o miles W of U- 
 xiion, 34 N E of Athens, at Tioga Point. 
 It contains 1,284 inhabitants. 
 
 O'wege Creek, in Tioga CO. fervcs as the 
 !£. boundary of the townfliip of its name. 
 It has feveral fmall branches which unite 
 and empty through the N bank of the E 
 branch of Sufquehannah River, about \Z\ 
 Xiiiles W of the mouth of Chenango River. 
 
 Ouyatetjka Bay and River., on the coaft 
 ©f Efquimaux, or N fliorc of the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, is to the weftward of Natch- 
 quoin River. 
 
 Oivharree, a harbour on the northern 
 part of the W coaft of Houaheine, one of 
 the Society Iflands, 25 leagues N W by 
 W of Otaheitc IHand. S lat. 16 44, W 
 Jong. 151 8. 
 
 Onvbyhecy one of the largeft of the Sand- 
 wich Iflands, is about 300 miles in cir- 
 cumference; between 18 50 and ao i6 
 N lat. and between 203 48 and S05 7 E 
 Jong, from Greenwich. The extcniive 
 mountain, named Mouna Rca^ on the S 
 .IE part of the ifland, is 16,020 feet high. 
 It confjfts of three peaks which are per- 
 petually covered with fnow, though with- 
 in the tropics, that are vifible 40 leagues 
 out at fca. On the vveftern fide is the 
 bay of Karaka-kooi. It has the fame pro- 
 ductions as the Society and Friendly Ifl- 
 ands, and about 150,000 inhabitants, who 
 are naturally mild, friendly and hofpita- 
 ble to ftrangers. The fca abounds with 
 a great variety of excellent fifh. The 
 celebrated navigator Capt. James Cook, 
 Joft his life here, by an unfortunate and 
 momentary jealoufy of the natives. The 
 natives of this ifland have made a for- 
 mal cefTion of it to the king of G. Britain. 
 
 O-wVs Head, a head land on the W fide 
 of Penobfcot Bay, in Maine. It has a 
 ^ood harbour qb th\; larboard haud as 
 
 you go to the eaftward. The harbcmr 
 makes with a deep cove ; has 4 fathoms 
 water, and a muddy bottom. It is open 
 to the E, to N, and E N E winds ; but in 
 all other winds you are fafe. The tide of 
 flood fets to the eafl:ward, and the tide of 
 ebb S W through the Mufcle Ridges. 
 
 Oxl>o-w, Great, a bend of the river Con- 
 ne(5ticut, about the middle of the town- 
 fliip of Newbury, in Vermont ; which 
 fee. It contains 450 acres of the fineft 
 meadow land in New England. 
 
 Oxford, a townfhip in Worcefter co, 
 Maffachufetts. It contains 1,237 inhab- 
 itants ; is II miles fouthwardof Worcef- 
 ter, and 54 S W of Bofton. 
 
 Oxford, a village in Briftol co. MafTa- 
 chufetts ; fee Nj^v Bedford. 
 
 Oxford, a town taken from the N part of 
 Derby in Conne(2:icut, 17 miles N W of 
 N. Haven. It has 1,400 inhabitants. 
 
 Oxford, a poft town of New York, in 
 Chenango co. between Jericho and Nor- 
 wich. It was incorporated in 1793. Here 
 is an incorporated academy. It has 1405 
 inhabitants, 
 
 Oxford, a townfliip of N. Jerfey, in Suf- 
 fex CO. on the E bank of Delaware River, 
 15 or 20 miles N E of Eafton in Pennfyl- 
 vania. In 1790, it contained 1,905 in* 
 habitants. 
 
 Oxford, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, 
 Philadelphia co. having 1,518 inhabitants. 
 
 Oxford To-ivnfhjp, in Grenville co. U, 
 Canada, lies in the rear, and to the north- 
 ward of the townfliips of Edwardfburgh 
 and Augufla, and is viratered by the Ra- 
 deau. Smyth. 
 
 Oxford, the Toiviifbip of, upon Thames, in 
 the weftern difJrid:, U. Canada, lies to 
 the fouthward of Dundas Street, where 
 the weftern end of that road meets the 
 Upper Forks of the river Thames. 
 
 Oxford, a town in N. Hampfliire, Graf- 
 ton CO. containing 988 inhabitants. 
 
 Oixford, Upper, a town in Chefter co. 
 Pennfylvania, having 620 inhabitants. 
 
 Oxford, Loiver, a town in the above co. 
 having 527 inhabitants. 
 
 Oxford, a port of entry, on the eaftem 
 fliore of Chefapeak Bay, in Talbot co. 
 Its exports in 1794* amounted to 6,956 
 dollars. It is 13 miles S by W of Eafton, 
 and about 48 S E of Baltimore. 
 
 Oxford, a fmall poft town of N. Caroli- 
 na, 36 miles from Hillfborough, and about 
 416 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Uyfer Bay, a townfhip of N. York, fit- 
 uate^d in Queen's co. Long Ifland, cxtend*- 
 ing from Uic Sound S, to the Atlantic 
 
 ■Occaa, 
 
O Z A 
 
 ? A C 
 
 ©cean, and includes Lloyd's Neck, or 
 Queen's Village, an^ Hog Ifland. It con- 
 tains 4,548 inhabitants; of whom 134 
 are flaves, 
 
 Oyjler Bay^ a harbour for fmall veiTels, 
 in the S W limits of the town of Barnfla- 
 ble, Maffachufetts ; which fee. It affords 
 excellent oyflers ; hence its name. 
 
 Oyfier Beds, in Delaware Bay, lie oppo- 
 fitc Nantuxet Bay. 
 
 Oyjier Point, on the coaft of S. Carolina, 
 vhere the water does not ebb till an hour 
 and a half after it begins to ebb at the 
 bar of Afiiley River, near Charlefton. It 
 js bed to go an hour and an half befor-e 
 high water, 
 
 Oyjier Pontic a part of the waters of the 
 Atlantic Ocean, which fet up weftward 
 into Long Ifland, N. York, between the 
 north-eafternmofl point of the ifland call- 
 ed Oyfter Pond Point, and Gardner's Ifl- 
 and. Off the point are two fmall ifles, 
 ©ne of which is called Plum Ifland, 
 
 Oyjier River, a W branch of Pifcataq^ua 
 River, in New Hampfhire ; which fee. 
 Durham ftands on its Slide, near its junc- 
 tion with the main ftream at Helton's Point. 
 
 O-yong-tvongeyk, on Lake Ontario, at 
 Johnfon's Landing Place, a^pout 4 miles 
 caftward of Fort Niagara, 
 
 0-z.ama, one ©f the largefl rivers of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo,, in the W. Indies, 
 and on which the city of St, Domingo is 
 (ituated. It is navigable 9 or 10 leagues 
 from S to N. One may judge of the enor- 
 mous volume of water which the conflu- 
 ent ftream of Ifabella and Ozama fends 
 to the fea, by the red colour it gives it in 
 the time of the floods, and which is per- 
 ceivable as far as the eye can diftinguifli. 
 There is a rock at the mouth, which pre- 
 vents the entrance of vefTels drawing 
 more than 18 or 20 feet of water. The 
 river for a league is 24 feet deep ; and 
 its banks are 20 feet perpendicular, but 
 N of the city this height is reduced to 4 
 feet.^ This real natural bafon has a bot- 
 tom of mud or foft fand, with a number 
 ©f careening places. It feldom overflows 
 its banks, except in very extraordinary 
 inundations. The road before the mouth 
 «f the Ozama is very indifferent, and lies 
 expofed from W S W to E. It is impof- 
 lible to anchor in it in the time of the S 
 winds, and the N winds drive the vef- 
 fels from their moorings out into the 
 fca, which here runs extremely high. 
 See Dum'tngo City. The mouth of the 
 river is in lat. 18 18 N, and long, from 
 Paris, 7 z 38 W, 
 
 1 ABLO^ St. a lake in the jurifdidTow 
 of Otabalo, in the province of Quito, ^ 
 leagues in length, and about half a league- 
 in breadth. The lake is every where 
 furroundcd with a fpecies of rullies callr 
 ed Totoral, among which arc vaft num- 
 bers of wild gtcie and galarettes. Its 
 waters empty into the Rio Blanco. 
 
 Pahlo^ St. a village on the above lake, 
 inhabited principally by Indians, 
 
 Pablo, St. a town on the S coaft of the 
 Ifthmus of Darien, In the proviace of Ve- 
 ragua, S. America.. 
 
 Pabo, the Micmac name of a river, oa 
 the northern fide of Chaleur Bay, abouC 
 6 leagues from Grande Riviere, W N W 
 of Cape Dtfpair. 
 
 Pdcajes,z province of S. America, which 
 is rich in filver mines, though they are 
 not much worked. Here are alfo mines 
 of talc, called Jafpcs Blantos de Vcren- 
 guela,. oil account of their tranfparent 
 whitenefs*. In this province are an abua- 
 dance of emeralds. 
 
 Pacamcrci, a diftrldl of Peru, in South 
 America. The air is temperate, and the 
 earth abounds in gold. 
 
 Pacamoresy an Indiaa nation on the 
 banks of Amazon River. 
 
 Pacayita, a volcano in Guatlmala. In 
 1773, the lava which ifTued from it dcf- 
 troyed the city of St. Jago, which wa» 
 fituated in the valley of Panchol. 
 
 Pachacama, or Pachamac, a famous, fruit- 
 ful, and pleafant valley in Peru, 4 league* 
 from Lima, formerly beautified with a 
 magnificent temple built by the Incas, 
 and dedicated to the Creator of the Uni- 
 yerfe. The Peruvians had in it feveral 
 idols ; but they had fo great a reverence 
 for God, whom they called Pacbaca»iac,\hzt 
 they oflered him what they efteemcd moft 
 precious, and durft not look upon him ; 
 fo that their kings and prieft, entered his 
 temple with their b.icks towards his altar, 
 and came out again without daring to 
 turn about. The ruins of this fuperb 
 ftruaure, fays Jovct, do yet demonftratc 
 its former magnificence and greatnefs. 
 Such immenfetrcarures had been laid up 
 in it, that Ferdinand Piz uro found to 
 the value of 900,000 ducats in it ; al- 
 though 400 Indians had taken away as 
 much as they could carry ; and the Spaa- 
 ifli foldiers pillaged it before he came* 
 The cruel Spaniards tortured the natives, 
 but could not cxira^l a difcovtty of 'th« 
 hidden trcafuic, 
 
 Pa(lita\ 
 
f A i 
 
 i^ A t 
 
 Toehea^ the mofi: northerly of the iflands 
 called the Pearl or King's LGaads, all low 
 and woody, and about i4 leagues from 
 Panama. Within a league of this idand 
 there is anchorage in 17 fathoms. 
 
 Pacheque, a fine but fniail if}and on the 
 S W fide of the bay of Panama, on the 
 coaft of the N. Pacific Ocean, and one of 
 the beautiful iHands within the femicireu- 
 lar bay from Panama to Point Mala. 
 Thcfe iflands yield wood, water, fruit, 
 fowls, hogs, &c. and afford excellent har- 
 bour for lliipping. 
 
 PacbucQ^ a town of Mexico famous for 
 the filver mines in its vicinity. It is 
 faid that within ao miles there are 1000 
 of them. It Hes 60 miles from the city 
 of Mexico. 
 
 Pacific Ocean, Called iii the I'rench 
 charts Mar del Zur^ or South Sea, a pro- 
 digious ocean, dividing America from 
 Afia. It is about 10,000 miles in breadth, 
 »nd 11,000 in length. 
 
 PackersfelJj a townfliip of New Hamp- 
 fliire, Chefliirc co. E of Keene, on the 
 head branches of Afhuelot River. It is 
 86 miles W of Portfmouth, and contains 
 977 inhabitants. 
 
 Pasmoie, a bay on the E fide of the ifl- 
 and of Martinico, between Vauclin Bay 
 on the N, and Fere Auce or Creek on 
 the S. 
 
 Pacolet, a fmall river of S, Carolina, 
 which fifes in the White Oak Mountains, 
 and unites with Broad River, 30 miles 
 above Tyger River, and 24 S of the N. 
 Carolina line. Its courfe is about S E, 
 and on it are the celebrated Pacoltt 
 Springs, 17 miles above its confluence 
 Vith Broad River. 
 
 Padotccas, a wtrftcrn branch of MilTouri 
 River. The tribe of Indians of this name 
 arc faid by fome to be of Welch origin. 
 
 Panel's Port, a fmall harbour within 
 the great found in the Bahama Iflands, 
 and in the mofl eafleriy part of the found. 
 
 Paguifa, or Paqmfay on the W fide of S. 
 America, in lat. ■Zi 55 S, and 10 leagues 
 N of the harbour of Cobija, in the b.iy 
 of Atacama. Haguey de Paguifa, or the 
 watering place of Pagnifa, is 15 leagues 
 from Cobija. The whole coafl between 
 IS high, mountainous and rocky, in a di- 
 re(ftion of north-north-eaft. 
 
 Painted Pof, a towniliip in Steuben co. 
 N. York, on Tioga River, between Bath 
 and Newtown; 40 milts N W by W of 
 Tioga Point, or Athens, S E of Williamf- 
 burg. A pofl: ofilce is kept here, and it 
 kA« itdx iuhabitantj. 
 
 Palnied Rod Is cn French Broad Rlver^ 
 by which the line runs between Virginia 
 and TennelTee. 
 
 Painter's Harbeur, On the W COaft of 
 
 Cape Bretoii. N lat, 46 22, W long. 61 16. 
 
 Patnville, in Amelia co. Virginia. Here 
 
 is a poft office, 197 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Paita. See Paytd. 
 
 Pojaro, P ajar OS, or Paxaros, iflands on 
 the Ccaft of Chili, in the S. Pacific Ocean. 
 Thefe are $ or 4 rock.-;, the largeil of 
 which is called Pajaro Ninno, or Paxaro 
 Ni'nnoj and % miles N W by N from the 
 fouthernmoft point of the A-Tain, or Point 
 Tortugas, that clofes the port of Co^^ 
 quimbo. 
 
 Pojaros, Les, or Ijlands cf Birds, a cluf- 
 ter of fmall iflands on the coaft: of Chili^ 
 8 leagues N N W of the Bay of Coquim- 
 bo, and 7 8 S E of the harbour of Guaf- 
 co. The illand of Chores is 4 miles N 
 of thefe iflands. 
 
 Pakanokit, the feftt of Mafaffoit, the fa- 
 mous Indian Chief, Was fituated on Na- 
 mafket River, which empties into Narra«« 
 ganfet Bay. 
 
 Palatincy a pod town in Montgomery' 
 CO. N. York, on the N fide of Mohawk 
 River, and W of Caghnawaga. It con- 
 tains 3,517 inhabitants. The eompa<ft 
 part of it ftands on the bank of the Mo- 
 hawk, and contains a Reformed Dutch 
 church, and ao or 30 houfes ; 36 miles 
 above ScheneAady. 
 
 PalVtfers Tfiands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 are between 15 and 16 degrees of S lat. 
 and from 146 to 147 degrees of W long. 
 From lat. 14 to 20 S, and long 138 to 15a 
 W, the ocean is ftrewed with low, half- 
 ovcrflowcd iflands, which renders it ne- 
 ceflary for navigators to proceed witht- 
 much caution. 
 
 Palrha, a town of Terra Flrma,50milcf 
 N W of St. Fe de Bagota. N lat. 4 30^ 
 W long. 7 3 40. 
 
 Palmas, a large river on the W coafl; of 
 the Gulf of Mexico, whofe mouth is irj 
 lat. 25 N, and long. 98 2)^ W. Some of 
 its branches run in a courCe almofb di- 
 re^ly eafl from the mountains to the 
 eaftward of the Gulf of California. 
 
 Palmer, a towniliip in Han^pfliire cot 
 Maflachufetts, 82 miles W by S of Bof- 
 ton, on the S fide of Chickapee River,, 
 and hounded eafiward by Wcftern, in 
 Worcefier. CO. An acfl palfed in laft fef- 
 fion, 1796, to incorporate a fociety to 
 make a turnpike-road between thefe two 
 towns. It was incf^rpcrated in 175a, 
 and contains 1039 inhabitants. 
 
 Palmers 
 
P A M 
 
 PAN 
 
 Palmer s R'lvr^ a water of Narraganfct 
 Bay, which, with another fmall river, 
 forms Warren River, oppofue the town 
 of Warren. 
 
 Palmerjlons If and, of whicli one in par- 
 ticular has been fo named, is in lat. i 8 S, 
 and long. i6z 57 W, and is the fecond in 
 fituation from the S E of a group of 9 or 
 10, all known by the fame general name. 
 It affords neither anchorage nor water ; 
 but if the weather is moderate, a fliip 
 that is pafling the S. Pacific Ocean in this 
 track, may be fupplied with grafs for 
 cattle, cocoa-nuts, fifli, and other pro- 
 du(3:ions of the ifland. The principal 
 ifland is not above a mile in circumfer- 
 ence ; nor is it elevated more than three 
 feet above the furface of the fea. 
 
 Palmetto^ the moft eafterly point of the 
 bay fo called, on the S W coaft of the ifl- 
 and of St. Chriftopher's, in the W. Indies. 
 The fhore is rocky, and a fort proteifts 
 the bay. — Alfo, the mofl northerly point 
 of the ifland of Jamaica; having Mahatee 
 Bay on the W, and Ifland Bay on the E. 
 
 Palmtjle Point, on the N fide of the N 
 W part of the ifland of St. Domingo ; 5 
 leagues E of Port de Paix. 
 
 Palmyra, z pofl: town, and the only port 
 of entry and delivery in the Stntc of 
 Tenneflee, confl:itnted a port of entry by 
 l^w of the United States, January 31, 
 1797. It ftands on the S bank ot C()m« 
 berUnd River, iz miles below the mouth 
 of Red River. 
 
 Palominosy fmall iflands on the coaft of 
 Peru, 3 miles weft of St. La>vrencc Ifland. 
 They h^ve from 13 to 18 fathoms water 
 round thorn. 
 
 Paliz, Keio, a townfliip on the W fide 
 of Hudfon's River, in Ultler co. N. York, 
 about 20 miles N W of Newburgh, and 
 32 Nof Goflicn, oppofite Ponghkeeplic. 
 It contains 3255 inhabitants, including 
 308 flaves. 
 
 Pambamacca, a lofty mountain in the 
 province of Quito, being one ot the pikes 
 of the eaftern Cordilleras. 
 
 Pum'.ico Sountl^ on the E coaft of N. Car- 
 €iina, is a kind of lake or iiilaiu! U:a. irom 
 10 to 20 milrs brorid, and nearly 100 
 milc'F in length. It is fcpnrattd from the 
 Atlantic Ocean, in its whole length, by a \ 
 beach of fand h.-irdly a mile wide, gener- 
 ally covered with fmall trees or builu's. ; 
 Through this bank are feveral fmall inlets, 
 by which boats mav oifs ; but Ocrecock ' 
 Inltt is the only one tliat will admit velTels j 
 of burden into the diftriAs of E*icnrou \ 
 anrl Ncwbern. This iiikt is in lat. :i,$ 10 \ 
 
 Vrji, J. J- y f 
 
 N, and opens between Ocrecock l(l.ind 
 and Core Bank. This found corpmunl* 
 cates with Core and Albemarle Sounds ; 
 and receives Pamlico or Tar River, the 
 river Neus, befides other fmall ftreams. 
 See Ocrecocky Cape Haitnas, cScc. 
 
 Pampeluna^ a town of New Granada, in 
 S. America. In its vicinity are gold mines. 
 N lat. 6 30, W long. 71' 30. It is 150 
 miles from Santa Fe, and aoo from Mari- 
 caibo. * 
 
 Pawunly, the ancient name of York 
 River, in Virginia; but this name is now 
 confined to the fouthern branch, formed 
 by the confluence of the N. and S. Anna. 
 This and the northern branch, Mattapo- ^ 
 ny, unite and form York River, jufl: be- 
 low the town of De La War. 
 
 Pana, or Puna, an ifland on the coafl: of 
 Peru, 7 leagues E N E of Santa Clara, 
 and as far from Gmyaqviil. At Point 
 Arena, which is the W point, all fliips 
 bound farther into Guayaquil Bay fcop 
 for pilots, as there is good anchorage over 
 againft the middle of the town, in 5 fath- 
 oms, and a foft oozy ground. 
 
 Panaca, a burning mountain on the W 
 coaft of N. Mexico. 
 
 Panadou, or Menadou, a bay on the coaft 
 of Cape Breton Ifland, near the S part 
 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 
 Panama is the capital of Terra Firma 
 Proper, S. America, on a capacious bay 
 of its name, on the S fide of the Iflhmus 
 of Panama or Darien, oppofite to Porto 
 Bello, on the N fide of the Ifthmus. It is 
 the great receptacle of the vaft quantities 
 of gold and filver, with other rich mer- 
 chandize from all parts of Peru and Chili. 
 Here they are lodged in ftore-houics, till 
 the proper feafon arrives to tranfporc 
 them to Europe. The harbour of Pana- 
 ma is formed in its road by the flicker of 
 feveral iflands, where fliips lie very fafe, 
 at about .li c»r 3 leagues diftant from the 
 city. The tides are regular, and it is high 
 water at the full and change at 3 o'clock. 
 The water rifes and falls confiderabiy ; 
 fo that the fliore, lying on a gentle uope, 
 is at low water left dry to a great dif- 
 tance. Pearls are found here in fuch 
 plenty, that tliere are few perfons of 
 piopcrty near Panama, who do not em- 
 ploy all, or at leaft part of their flaves, in 
 this fuhery. The negroes who fiili for 
 pear's muft be both expert fwimmers, and 
 capable of holding their breath a long 
 time, the work being performed at the 
 bottom of the fea. This city is a bifli- 
 op's fee, whole bifbop. ij the pt^!mate of 
 
 Tc::^ 
 
P A N 
 
 PAR 
 
 Terra Firm a. It was bulk by tlic Span- 
 iards, who, ill r.sar, conftitutcd it a city, 
 witli the ufual privileges. In 1670 it 
 was taken, facked and burnt by John 
 Morgan, an Engllfli adventurer. Ihe 
 new town was built in a more convenient 
 iituation, about a league and a lialf from 
 the former. In 1737, tbl;, new town was 
 klnioft entirely dcftroycd by an acciden- 
 tal fire. It is furroundtd with a ftone 
 %vall and otiier fortifications, and the pub- 
 lic buildings are very haiidfomc. N lat. 
 y> 57 48, W long. 8z 5 14. See Chagre 
 River. 
 
 Fanama^ a province of Terra Firma, of 
 which the city above mentioned is the 
 capital. This province is called by moft 
 writers Terra Firma Proper. It contains 
 2 cities, la vilUges, and a great nuniber 
 of rancheries or allemblages of Indian 
 huts ; thefe are fituatcd in fmall plains 
 along the fliorc, the reft of the country 
 being covered with enormous and craggy 
 barren and uninhabited mountains. It 
 has fevcral gold mines ; but the pearl 
 fifliery affords a more certain profit, and 
 at the fame time is acquired with much 
 greater eafe. 
 
 Fanamatibo^ on the coaft of Surrinam, 
 in Guiana, in S. America, is E S E of 
 Demarara, in lat. about 6 N, and long. 
 56 26 W. I 
 
 Fanambvcoy a harbour or bay on the \ 
 coaft of Brazil. See Fcrnambucn. , 
 
 Fanecillo^ an eminence near Quito, ! 
 which fupplies that city with excellent | 
 water. j 
 
 Fanis, a tribe of Indians, 120 miles 
 from tbc mouth of the River Platte, or 
 Shallow River, a weftern branch of the 
 Miflouri, with whole fircam it mingles , 
 its waters 600 miles from the MilVifii^pi, ' 
 up the MilTouri. This tribe numbers ' 
 700 warriors, in four neighbouring vil- 
 lages. They hunt but little, ^nd have 
 but few fire-arms. I'hcy arc often ar 
 "^ar with the Spaniards in the vicinity of 
 St. Fe, near which is their place of abode. , 
 Jtferfo,,. \ 
 Panje, de la, a branch of Waballi Riv- ! 
 er, in the Indiana Territory. j 
 
 Fanton^ a townlliip in Addifon co. Vcr- j 
 mont, on tke E fide of Lake Champlain, ^ 
 between Addifon and Icrrifburg, and ; 
 about 87 miles N of Bennington. It con- : 
 rain.« 364 inhabitants. 
 
 Fojnico^ or Guajlica, a province of N. 
 America, in New- Spain, Ixmndcd E by ; 
 the Gulf of Mexico, and W hy tiie prov j 
 inces of M««h«a€i:n icnd New-Bifcay. ! 
 
 The tropic of Cancer divides this prov. 
 ince. It is about 55 leagues each wav. 
 The part neareft to Mexico is much the 
 bed and richeft, abounding with provi- 
 fious, and having fonie veins of gold, and 
 mines of fdlt. Otlier parts are wretched- 
 ly poor and barren. 
 
 Fanuco, the capital of the above men- 
 tioned province, is the fee of a bilhop, 
 and ftauds upon a river of its own name, 
 J7 leagues from its mouth, on the W fliore 
 of the Gulf of Mexico, and 6o N \V of 
 the city of Mexico. I'he river is nav- 
 igable for large fliips a great way above 
 the city ; but the harbour has a bar, fo 
 that no fliips of burden can enter it. N 
 lat. 23 50, W long. 99 50. 
 
 Papagayc^ a gulf on the North Pacific 
 Ocean, and on the W fide of the Ifthmut 
 of Nicaragua, a fmail diftance from the 
 weftern parts of the lake of Nicaragua, 
 and ill lat. about 11 ij N. 
 
 Fiipaloapain^ the largeft river of Guaxa- 
 ca, in N. Spain, called alfo Alvarada. It 
 rifes In the mountains Zoncoliucan, and, 
 being enlarged by the accefTion of leffer 
 rivers, falls into the N. Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Fapinachoisy a bay on the N flrore of 
 the river St. Lawrence, 5 leagues S W of 
 St. Margaret's River. An Indian nation 
 of the fame name inhabit the country i» 
 of Pirctibbe Lake in L. Canada. 
 
 Poppa FerJ, on Clinch River, is 12 miles 
 from Emery's River, and 10 from Camp- 
 bell's Station, near Holfion. 
 
 Fapps, T6c, two remarkable hills oh the 
 top of a high mountain, on the N fliorc 
 f)t I>akc Superior, U. Canada, a little E 
 of Shanguannc. 
 
 Papuda Bay^ Oil the coafi of Chili, and 
 on the S. Pacific Ocean, 5 leagues N of 
 the Ihoals of Quintero, and 4 from Port 
 Liga. The water is very deep, but the 
 anchorage i,« good, and the entrance fafc. 
 Farj, the moft northern of 5 colonies 
 or governments, Para, Maragnnn, Mat- 
 to-Grofib, Goyas, and St. Paul, in S. 
 America, at which places the Indians 
 have been united in 117 villages, ever 
 which a white man prefidcs with defpoti^ 
 fway. The government of Para eompre- 
 hends that portion of Guiana which be- 
 longs to the Portuguefe, the moft barren 
 and unwiiolefome country in all thefe ic^ 
 gions. 
 
 I^ara Ifu:nd is onc t>f the range of ifl- 
 ands to the j E of Sypomba, and E of the 
 Amazon, 'i'hefe iHunds form the great 
 river or bay of Para. 
 
 F*r>t Mi-v,r, or L'tiy^ near the N \V part 
 
 of 
 
PAR 
 
 FAR 
 
 vf the coafi of Brazil, in vS. Americri, baa 
 a town of its name at the mouth ot it^ 
 with a lar;»e fort and a platibrm of can- 
 non at the water's edge, commanding the 
 road. Above this is the caftle fcattd on 
 a high rock, fur rounded by a ftrong flone 
 ivall that is aho mounted with cannon. 
 The road within the mouth of the river 
 is good, having clean ground, and fecur- 
 td by high land on both fides. The 
 mouth of the river is about 6 miles. broad 
 at tlie town ; and fliips may ride in ij 
 fathoms, within a cable's length of the 
 fiiore, and in lo fathoms clofe under the 
 
 ! forr wr difcovered the land on the opprs 
 ; Cte bank of the river ; and wlitn we ucrc 
 1 in the middle of the channel we could 
 j not difcover land on either lide, and law 
 nothing but the iky and water, as if wc 
 liad been in fomc great ocean. Ii->d?ed 
 we fliould Jiave taken it to be fea, if the 
 frefli water of the river, which was tur- 
 bid like the Po, had not fatistied us that 
 j it was a river." From the fituation of tiiii 
 I country, fomcparts of it muft be cxtreme- 
 I ly hot, from the almoft vertical inlluenc€ 
 j of the rays of the fun ; while other parts 
 I nnift be plcafant and delightful, liut 
 
 fort. 1"his harbour is much frequented i the heat is in fomc meafure abated by the 
 
 for all kinds of proviflons which abound 
 here. Tobacco is carried from this to 
 Pernambuco, to be Ihipped for Furope. 
 I'he river is about aoo miles logg. 
 
 Paraca^ a l)ay on the coall: of Peru, 40 
 leagues S E by S of the port of Callao. 
 Ships receive flicker here, when driven 
 out of the harbour of Cangallan or San- 
 gallan, which is 3 leagues S E of Carette 
 Ifland, and N N W of the iiland of I.obos. 
 
 Paradlfe, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, 
 in York co. has 1275 iniiabitants. 
 
 Paradis. See Plutt Forme. 
 
 Paraguay., a country of S. America, 
 claimed by Spain, about 1,500 miles in 
 length, and 1,000 in breadth. It lies be- 
 tween 12 and 2>1 S lat. and between 50 
 and 75 W long, ixjunded N by Amazo- 
 nia, S by Patagonia, E by Brazil, and W 
 by Peru and Chili. It is divided into 
 the following provinces, viz. Paraguay, 
 P.ir^^na, Guira, Uragua, Tucuman, and 
 Rio de la Plata. Befidcs a vaft number 
 of fiuall rivers which water this country, 
 there is the grand river La Plata, which 
 dcfcrves a particular defcription. A 
 Modenefc Jefuit, by the name of P. Cat- ^ 
 tanco, who failed up this river, fpciks in 
 the following language C(>ncerning it : 
 While \ rclided in Europe, and read in 
 
 ntle breezes which generally begin 
 I' about 9 or ic o'clock in the morning, ami 
 :! continue the greateft part of the day. 
 : I Some parrs of the country are very moun- 
 j tr.iuous ; but in many others, you find ex- 
 I tenfive and beautiful plains, where the 
 j foil is very rich, producing cotton, to- 
 i bacco, and the valuable herb called Par- 
 ; aguay, togcth.er with a variety of fruits. 
 I I'here are alfo prodigioufly rich paflurcs, 
 \ in which are bred inch herds of cattle, 
 j that it is faid, the hides are the only part 
 
 • exported, while the flelli is lefc to be de- 
 
 • voured by the ravenous beafts of the 
 I wildcrnefs. Paraguay fends annually in- 
 I to the kingdom of Peru as many as 1,500 
 j or 2,coo mules. They travel over dreary 
 
 \ deferts for the diftance of 80c or 900 
 \ leagues. The province of Tucuman fur- 
 j niliies to Potofi, annually, 16 or i8;0co 
 i oxen, and 4,000 or 5,000 horfes, brought 
 i forth and reartd upon itK own territory, 
 i Buenos Ayrci* h the capital of this 
 i country. Its fituation on the river La 
 I Plata is healthy and pleafant, and the air 
 i temperate. It is regularly built : the 
 i n<u;nber of iniiabitants is about 30,000. 
 j One fide of the town is defended by a W>i~ 
 ' trefs, with a garrifon ot 600 or 700 men, 
 I The town (lands iHo miles from the ica. 
 
 books of hiftory and geography thiit the '''■ The accefs to the town up the river is 
 river La Plata was 150 miles in breadth, ': very difficult. From the bcO: itiforma- 
 jf tonfidered it as an exaggeration, be- li tion that can be obtained, 8i»cre arc not 
 caufe in this hcmifphcrc we have no ex- .j more than 10: ,000 fouis in this countrv, 
 
 ample of fuch vaft rivers. When f ap- 
 proached its mouth, I had the mofi: vehe- 
 ment defire to afcertain the breadth with 
 my own eyes, and ! Jiave found the mat- 
 ter to be exad.lY as it was reprefented. 
 f his I deduce particularly from one cir- 
 cumftance : when we took our de^iarture 
 from Monte Viedo, a fort fuuated more 
 th.an 100 miles from the mouth of the riv- 
 er, and where its breadth is confiderably 
 Jimiuiflicd, we f .iled a complete djiv be- \ 
 
 including Sp^iuiards, Indians, negroes^ 
 and tliC mixed blond, or Creoles. Th.e 
 Spaniards exhibit much the lame char.ic- 
 tcr here, as in tiie other kingdoms al- 
 ready defcribcd. The Spaniards firft dif- 
 covered this country in the year 15 15, 
 and (mmded the town of Buenos Ayres in 
 1535. Mofl of the country is ftill inha^i- 
 ited by the native Indians; 'I'he Jtfui.s 
 have been indefatigable in their endtav- 
 ours to convect the Indians to the belief' 
 
? A R 
 
 PAR 
 
 fif their religion, and to introduce among 
 them the arts of civilized life, and have 
 mtt with furpriring fucoefs. It is faid 
 thst above 340,000 families, feveral years 
 ago, were fubjedt to the Jefuits, living in 
 obedience, and an awe bordering on ad- 
 oration, yet procured without any vio- 
 lence or conftraint. In 1767, the Jefuits 
 ■were fent out of America, by royal au- 
 thority, and tl.cir fubje<fls were put upon 
 the fame footing with the relt of the 
 country. 
 
 Paraguay, a large river of S. America, 
 which falls into the river La Plata that 
 forms the fouthern boundary of Brazil. 
 At the diftance of 100 leagues from the 
 fta, where this and Parana River fall into 
 the channel, it is at leaft 10 leagues over. 
 
 Faralha, OX Farayba, the moft northern 
 province of Brazil, in S. America, lying 
 between Rio Grande N, and the river 
 Tamarack S, the S. Atlantic Ocean E, and 
 figuares W. It belongs to the Portu- 
 gucfe, and abounds in fugar-canes, Bra- 
 zil-wood, cattle,tobacco, cotton, &c. This 
 diftricl: w<as given by John III. of Portu- 
 gal, to the hiftorian De Barros, but he 
 neglecSled the peopling of it. Some vag- 
 abonds went over in 1560, and in 159 1 
 were fubdued by the French, who were 
 foon obliged to evacuate it. Philip III. 
 caufed a city to be built upon this royal 
 domain, which is at preftnt known by 
 the name of Notre Dame de Neves. 
 
 Paraiba, the metropolis of the above 
 province or captaiuiliip, on the S bank 
 of a river of its name, 3 leagues from the 
 fea ; according to others, 10 leagues ; the 
 liver being navigable for fliips loaded 
 "with 600 or 700 hhds. of fugar a confid- 
 crable dif^ance above the city. The 
 Dutch captured it in 1635; but the Pur- 
 tu'guefe retook it foon after. It has many 
 Aately hoiifes decorated with marble pil- 
 lars, together wifh large warehoufes and 
 TPAgazints belonging to the merthaiits. 
 The mouth of the river is well fortiiie.i. 
 S lat. 6 50, W long. 49 ^3. 
 
 FaroTnubito, corruptly called Paramari- 
 hb, the chief town of Surrinam, contain- 
 ing about 400 houfes, on the bank of Sur- 
 rinam River, in a pleafant but unhealthy 
 fituation. The houfes are of wood, tub 
 rrablv convenient, erc<5led on foundations 
 of European bricks. Its port is 5 leagues 
 from the fea, and has every convenience. 
 It is the rendezvous of all the fliips from 
 the mother country, which come hither 
 to receive the produce of the colony. 
 
 Fatana, a province in the E divifion of 
 
 Paraguay, South America. Chief toxvn, 
 St. Ann. 
 
 Pjrtrij a lake of Chili, South America. 
 
 Faratee, a bay on the S W fide of the 
 ifland of Jamaica, 8 E of Banifter Bay. 
 
 FarJuba, a bay on the coafl of Brazil, 
 10 leagues W N W of Brandihi Bay. 
 
 Pa.hant Toivn and Harbour^ on the N 
 fide of ihe ifland of Antigua, in the Weft 
 Indies. The harbour is defended by Ey- 
 ram Fort, at Barnacle Point, on the W 
 fide, and farther up by another fort on 
 the E fide. The town is regularly built, 
 and lies at the head of the harbour, and 
 in St. Peter's parifli. 
 
 Faria, or A'^f^; Anda'ufia, a country of 
 Terra Firma, bounded on the N by the 
 N Sea, and S by Guiana. The fea-coaft is 
 moftly inhabited, on which there are fev- 
 eral towns. 
 
 Faria, a jurifdi<5lion in the abp. of La 
 Plata, in South America, beiginning 70 
 leagues N W of that city, and extending 
 about 40 leagues. It has fome filver 
 mines ; and the cheefe made here is much 
 efleemed, and fent all over Peru. 
 
 Fizria, Gulf of , a flrait lying between 
 the N W part of New Andalufia, and the 
 S fkorc of the ifland of Trinidad. N lat, 
 9 12, W long. 6z 5. 
 
 Farillo, a town of Peru. See Santa. 
 
 Farina, a point N W of the harbour of 
 Payta, on the coaft of Peru. The country 
 within the point is high and mountainous. 
 Between Payta and it is a large bay, hav- 
 ing fhoals. The land is low, and fome 
 white hills all the way. 
 
 Farina CccaSf a jurildi<ilion in the dio- 
 cefe of Gijamanga, in the audience of Li- 
 ma, beginning about 2C leagues fouth of 
 the city of Guamanga, and extending 
 above 25 leagues. It has excellent paf- 
 tures, grain and fruits. The mines of fil- 
 ver and gold are more produ<ftive than 
 formerly, and thefe form the chief branch 
 of its commerce. 
 
 Far is, a thriving port town of excellent 
 laud in N. York, Oneida county. It is S 
 W of Whiteuown 6 miles from which it 
 was taken, and incorporated in 179^. It 
 contained, by the State cenfus of 17 96, 
 3,459, and in 1800, 4,721 inliabitants. 
 Iron ore is found in the vicinity of Paris. 
 Hamilton Oneida academy is firuated in 
 this town, in Clinton parifh, where is alfo 
 a CVmgrcgation-?! church ; and marks 
 of rapid progrtfs ixi improvements and 
 wealth are vilihle. 
 
 Faris, the coimty tov.'n of Bourbon co. 
 Kentucky, 18 miles N E of Lexington. 
 
 I: 
 
PAR 
 
 PAS 
 
 It has a court houfe and gaol, a Prefbytc- 
 rian church, and feveral valuable mills 
 are in the vicinity. The houfes are prin- 
 cipally of brick and ftone. It is a thriv- 
 ing, pleafant town, of 377 inhabitants. 
 
 Paris^ in Loudon co. Virginia. Here 
 is a port office, 59 miles from Wiifliington. 
 
 ParisyA town in Cumberland co. Maine. 
 The northerly branch of the Little Amar- 
 ifcoggin rifes in this townfliip, and run- 
 ning about 8 miles on its wcfterly fidp, 
 palTes through Hebron and Poland into 
 the Great Amarilcoggin. It has 844 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Paris, an ifland on the coafl: of South 
 Carolina. 
 
 Ptirhrs JJland, or Rujkohcgan, in Lincoln 
 CO. Maine, is formed by tiie waters of 
 Kennebeck River W, by the fca S, by 
 jeremyPquam Bay £, and by a fmall fVrait, 
 which divides it from Aroufeag Ifland N. 
 It derives its name from John Parker, who 
 purehafed it of the natives in 1650; and 
 a part of it ftill remains to his pofterity. 
 It is in the towniliip of Georgttoivn ; 
 which lee. 
 
 Parker Rivr, takes its rife in Bcxford, 
 and running E into the Wparifli of Row- 
 ley, it pafl'es through Rock and Pantuck- 
 et Ponds, and receiving from the S a 
 ftream which comes from Eiders Pond in 
 the S parilli of Boxford, it turns N be- 
 tween Bradford andByticId,palTesthiGUgh 
 Crane Pond, thence it takes the name of 
 Frefli River, and running E feveral miles, 
 rufliing over a number of falls, it meets 
 the tide half a mile N of Byfield meet- 
 ing houfe ; thence it is called Parker, and 
 aficr wandering a dozen miles through 
 the marflies, ic enters Plum Ifland Sound 
 by a mouth about a quarter of a mile in 
 width. It is rich in a variety of filli, and 
 has depth of water to be navigable for 
 coafting velTels to the head of the tide, 
 but is obftrucSted by two bridges. One 
 is about two miles from its mouth on the 
 pofl: road from Bofton to the eaftward, 
 which is 870 feet long, and 36 wide, fup- 
 ported by lolid piers and 8 wooden arches: 
 it was buiit in 1758. The other is much 
 lef8, near Bylield academy. 
 
 Farramore, one of the fmall iflands in 
 the Atlantic Ocean, which line the taft 
 coaft of Northampton co. Virginia. 
 
 Parr Toivn, in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Pjrrs Point, is the S E point of Half 
 Moon Bay, on the N E fid*-: of the ifland 
 of St. Chriftopher's, in the Weft Indies. 
 The coafl hcxe is rocky. 
 
 Pur/jHsfiddf a poft town in Ynrk co. 
 
 Mair>«, on the New Hampfliire line, be- 
 tween Great and Little GiTapee Rivers \ 
 and is 118 miles N of Bofton. It was in- 
 corporated in 1785, and contains 1,350 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Partidoy a fmall iflrmd, under tlie high 
 hill of St. Martin, in the S \V part of Cam- 
 peachy Gulf. Ir lies in the fairway acroft-. 
 the bay from Cape Catochc to Vera Ci uz. 
 
 Pattrid^efieU, a townilup of Mairacim- 
 fetts, in Berkihirr co. 26 miles WN W of 
 Nc.rthamptoiXr It contains 1,361 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Pafcagaula, a river of tlieMiiuJlppi Ter- 
 ritory, which purfucs a S by E courfe 
 through W. Florida, now part of Loiiiii- 
 ana, and empties into the Gulf ofMtxico 
 by feveral mouths, which together occu- 
 py a fpace of 3 or 4 miles; which is one 
 ccmtinued bed of oyfl:er lliclls, with very 
 Ihoal water. The wefttrnmoii branch 
 has 4 fett water, and is the deepcft. Af- 
 ter croffiog the bar, there is from 3 u> 6 
 fathoms water for a great diftance, and 
 the nvcr is faid to be na-'igabic more 
 than 150 miles. The foil on this river, 
 like that on all the others that pafs 
 through Georgia into the Gulf of Mexico, 
 grows better as you advance towards its 
 fource. 
 
 Pafcaljqua, Or Pifcataqua, is the only 
 large river, whofe whole courfe is in New 
 Hampll;ire. Its head is a pond in the N 
 E corner of the town ot Wakefield, and 
 its general courfe thence to tlie fea is S S 
 E about 40 miles, it divides N. Hamp- 
 fliire from York co. Maine, and is called 
 Salmon Fall River, from its head to the 
 lower falls at Berwick, where it aflumes 
 the name of Newichawannock, which ic 
 bears till it meets with Cochecho River, 
 which coTnes from Dover, when both run 
 together in one channel to Hilton's Point, 
 where the weflern branch meets it : from 
 this jundtion to the fea, the river is fo rap- 
 id that it never freezes; the diftancc is 7 
 miles, and the courfe generally from S r<> 
 S E. The weflern branch isVormed by 
 Swamfcot River, which comes fro.^n Exe- 
 ter, Winnicot .River, whicii coiuc.s thro* 
 Greenland, and Lamprey River, which 
 divides Newmarket from Durham ; theie 
 empty into a bay, 4 miles wide, called 
 the Great Bay. The water, in its tnrthcr 
 progrefs, is contrai^ed into a Itfur bay, 
 and then it receives Oyfler Rivet, w!\ich 
 runs through Durh.im, and Back llivcr, 
 which comes from Dover, and At length 
 meets with the main ftream ?X liihon's 
 Pciat. The tide rifes into all thefc bay-,, 
 
 ami 
 
P A ^ 
 
 PAS 
 
 and br^nche? as far a? the lower falls in 
 each river, aftd forms a molt rapid cut - 
 rent, efpccially at the feafous of the frefli- 
 ets, v/hen the ebb continues about two 
 hours longer than tlie flood ; and were it 
 Uot for the numerous eddies, formed by 
 ihe indentings of the fhore, the ferries 
 would then be imp^flable. At the lower 
 f^lis in the feveral branches of the river, 
 arc landing places, vhence lumber and 
 ether country produce is tranfported, 
 and veffels or boats from below difch<jrge 
 their lading ; fo that in each river there 
 is a convenient trading place, not more 
 than 12 or 15 miles from Portfmouth, 
 with which there is cnnftant communica- 
 tion by every tide. Thus the river, from 
 its form, and the fituation of its branches, 
 is extremely favourable to the purpofes 
 of navigation and commerce. A light- 
 houfe, with a finglc light, ftands at the 
 entrance of Pifcataqua harbour, in lat. 
 43 4 N, aad long. 70 41. 
 
 Pafpaya^ a jnrifdidlion in the archbifli- 
 oprick of La Plata, about 40 Teagues to 
 the S of the city of that name. It is 
 mountainous, but abounds in grain, pulfe, 
 and fruits. 
 
 Pafquotani, a' county of N. Carolina, in 
 Edentort diftridV, N of Albemarle Sound. 
 It contains 5,037 inhabitants, including 
 1,593 ilaves. At Pafquotank in this co. 
 is a poft office, 308 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 P.ifquotanl, a fmall river of N. Caroli- 
 na, which rifes in the Great Difmal Swamp, 
 and, paffing by Hertford, fails into Albe- 
 m:irle Sound. 
 
 Pajfadutiieagy z cnnliderable branch of 
 Penobfcot River on its E fide. It mean- 
 dens through 4 townfliips, lately furvey- 
 fd, and about to be fettled. 'J'his river 
 is the route by which the Indians had an 
 inlsnd communication with theSchooduck 
 Lakes, and other waters which flow into 
 Paflamaquoddy Bay by a fhort portage. 
 
 Pcifa^rafaniaukeag, the Indian name of a 
 fmall ftrtam, which runs through the 
 town ofBelfaft,IVIaine,into Penobfcot Bay. 
 
 Pojkatauques^ a large branch of Penob- , 
 fcot River, on its W fide. It waters more 
 than 50 miles, and receives immediately 
 10 ofhcr flieams vrhich alfo receive as 
 many other fmail tributaries, and as ma- 
 ny rHore ponds fpread over about 30 
 townfliips of 6 miles fquare, lately fur- 
 Tcyed, and progrcfling in cultivation. 
 
 PaJ'agc Fort, a fmall town of the ifland 
 «f Jamaica, Ctuated in the road between 
 Fort Royal and Spanrfli Town, 7 miles- 
 
 S E-of the latter, and at tl e nunith of Co- 
 bre Pvivcr, where is a fort with lo or la 
 g'lns. It has a briOc trade, and contain* 
 about 400 hnufcs, the grcateft part of 
 them houfes of enteirainnunt. 
 
 Pojfa^e JJlatid lies acrofs tiie mouth of 
 
 the river Cobeca, near the N W part of 
 
 the ifland of Porto Rico. The harbour 
 
 I for fliips is at the E end of the ifland, 
 
 I I'ojJ<jgf TJlands, Great and Little, two of 
 
 1 the Virgin Illands, in the W, Indies, near 
 
 the E end ()f the ifland of PortO Rica. 
 
 Nlat. i8 2o,W long. 64 5. 
 
 Pajfagc Pointy in the Straits of Magel- 
 lan, lies at the W end of Royal Reach, 
 and 5 leagues W N W of Fortelcue's Bay. 
 S lat. 53 45, W long. 73 40. 
 
 Pajfaik, or Pafu'uk, ig a very crooked 
 river. It rifes in a large fwamp in Morri» 
 CO. N. Jerfey,c7nd its courle is from W N W 
 to E SE, until it mingles with the Hackin- 
 fac at the bead of Newark Bay It is navi- 
 gable about 10 miles, and is 230 yards 
 wide at the ferry. The cataracH:, or Great 
 Falls, in this river, is one of the greateft 
 natural curiofities in the State. The riv- 
 er is about 40 yards wide, and moves iu 
 a flow, gentle current, until coming with- 
 in a fhort diflance of a deep clelt in a 
 rock* which crofles the channel, it de- 
 fccnds and falls above 70 feet perpendic- 
 ular, in one entire flieet, prefenting a 
 moft beautiful and tremendous fcene. 
 The new manufa<5luring town of Patter- 
 fon is erected on the Great Falls of this 
 river 5 and its banks are adorned with 
 many elegant country feats. It abounds 
 with fifh of various kinds. There is a 
 bridge 500 feet long, over this river, on 
 the poft road from Philadelphia, to New- 
 York. 
 
 Pafjmaqucddy, a bay and river, near 
 which is the divifion line between the 
 Eritifli province of N. Brunfwick and the 
 U. States of America. The ifland of Campo 
 Bello, in the N. Atlantic Ocean, is at the 
 middle or Wpaflage of the bay, in lat. 44 
 ^o N, and long. 66 46 W. The diftancc 
 from Crofs Iflc, Macliias, to W. Paflama- 
 quoddy Head, is 9 leagues N E by E ; 
 and from the Head over the bar to Al- 
 len's Ifle N N W 1 leagues. When you 
 come from the S W, and are bound into 
 Wefl Paflamaquoddy, you mull give the 
 Seal Rocks a birth of three quarters of a 
 mile before you haul in from the harbour, 
 as there is a whirlpool to the eaflward of 
 them. The bay is about a league from 
 this point. It is high water here at iull 
 and change of the moon, abeut the fame 
 
 time 
 
PAT 
 
 PAT 
 
 time as at Bofton. There arc thrf e rivers 
 which fall into this bay ; the JargeH: is 
 called by tiie modern Indians, the Scoo- 
 tlick ; but by Dc Mons and Charaplaine 
 Etchemins. Its main fource is near Pe- 
 nobfcot River, and the carrying place be- 
 tween tiie tvvo rivers is but 3 miles. See 
 ■JN'etv Brunfivick. The mcuth of Paframa- 
 quoddy River has 25 fathoms water. 
 
 Pajfamayuoddy Poft Office, on the abovc 
 clefcribed bay, is kept at a Httle village 
 at tlie mouth of Cobfcook River, 17 miles 
 tliis fide Brewer's, the eaflernmoft poft of- 
 fice in the U. States, ao N E of M^chlas, 
 and 378 N E of Bofton. 
 
 Pajfamuqmddiets a tribe cf Indians who 
 jniiabit near the hay oX their name. 
 
 Paj[o Magna, a river of Florida, in lat, 
 36 N. 
 
 Pajfumpftck, a fmall river of Vermont, 
 runs a fouthern courfe, and empties into 
 Connecn:icut River, below the Fifteen 
 Mile falls, in the town of Barnet. 
 
 Pojfyunk, a town(hip iu Philadelphia 
 «o. Pennfylvania, having 884 inhabitants. 
 
 Pajio, or S/. "Juan de Pojio, a town of 
 Popayan in S. America. N lat. 1-50, W 
 long. 76 55. 
 
 Patagoa, a rivcr on the coaft of Brazil, 
 which enters the ocean S W of Rio 
 Jancira. 
 
 Patagunia^ a country of S. America, lit- 
 tle known, extending from 35 to near 54 S 
 lat. being x ioo miles long, and upwards of 
 300 broad, lying S of Chili and Paraguay. 
 The £ coaft is generally low, but has few 
 good harbours ; that of St. Julian is one 
 ©f the beft. It is i» called from Patagom^ 
 a principal tribe of its inhabitants. There 
 is no timber in the S parts, though the N 
 parts contain an immcufe quantity, and 
 numerous flocks of cattle. 
 
 Patapfco, a navigable river of Maryland, 
 frhich empties from the N W into Chcfa- 
 peak Bay ; its mouth being formed by N. 
 Point, and Bodkin Point on the S, which 
 lafl is in lat. 39 8 30 N. It rifes in Yoik 
 CO. Pennfylvania, and purfucs a S and iJ 
 E courfe till it reaches lilkridge Landing, 
 about 8 miles S W of Baltimore ; it there 
 tarns eaftwardly over falls, and widens 
 into a broad bay-like ftream to its mouih. 
 It is about 30 or 40 yards wide juft be- 
 fore it communicates with the balon on 
 w'hich ftands the large commercial town of 
 Baltimore. The firft difcoverer called it Bo- 
 lus River, from the red earth found near 
 it, rcfcmbling bole a.mmoniac. It is navi- 
 gable for vclfcls drawing i S feet water to 
 f"!Vs Point at Biiltimorc; but the fa'-U i 
 
 Uttlc above Eikridge Landing, prevens^ 
 the navigation farther. 
 
 Patavirca, a town of Peru, in the jurif- 
 didlion of Santa, or Guarmty, conhfting 
 of about 60 houles. It lies on the loacl 
 leading from Paita to Lima, 67 miles N 
 of that city. About three quarter* of a. 
 league from this town, and near the 
 fca.-coaft, are ftill remaining fome huge 
 walls of un burnt bricks, being the ruin* 
 of a palace of one of the Indian prin- 
 ces. Its fituation corrcfponds with the 
 tradition ; having on one fide, a inoft 
 fertile and delightful country, and on the 
 other, the refrtiliing profpedt of the fea. 
 
 Pataxy a jurifdiclion in the dioccfe of 
 iTniiillo, in S. America, It is lituated 
 among the mountains, and ha> a varic ty 
 of products, of which gold ifi the chief. 
 
 Patthuca, or Patiocu^ a toAvn of Mexico, 
 in N. America, having a filver mine iu it* 
 vicinity, N Icit. 21, W long 99 58. 
 
 Paiience^ an iHand ixi Narraganfet Eav, 
 Rhode Iiland, and lies a mile S Eof War- 
 wick Neck. It is about two miles long, 
 and one broad, 
 
 Patotvtnach^ a large and noble river 
 which rifes by two branches, the north- 
 ern and the fourhern, which originate in 
 and near the Allegliany Mountains, and 
 forms, through its whole courfe, part of 
 the boundary between the States of Vir- 
 ginia and Maryland. Its courfe is N Kto 
 Fort Oimberlandjthence turning to the E it 
 receives Conecochcaguc Creek from Penn- 
 fylvania ; then purfuing a S E courfe, it 
 receives the Shenandoah from the S W; 
 after this it runs a S E and S courfe, till 
 it reaches Maryland Point ; therKC to its 
 mouth it runs S E. In its c»urfe it re- 
 ceives feversl coniiderablc llreams, which 
 are defcribed under their refpective heads. 
 The di fiance from the Capes of Virginia 
 to the terminyticm of the tide water ia 
 this rivtr is above 300 miles; and navi- 
 gable for flilps of the greateft burden, 
 nearly that diftance. From thence tjii» 
 rivcr, obflrudlcd by ("our confiderablc 
 falls, extends through a vaft tiadl of in- 
 liabitCil country towards its fource. Ear- 
 ly in the year 1785, the legiiiaturcs of 
 Virginia and Maryland pafltd acVs to en- 
 courage opening the navigation of x\\.i 
 river. It was eftirnated that the expenh. 
 of the works would amount to ^5C,cco 
 flerling, and 10 years were allowed for 
 their completion. Tlie fails above Gcor-y- 
 town i\\c now pailalilc m boats. 1 Iiis 
 ijoble fiver pafTcs by many flwuriflunw 
 towns; tihf chief o* whicji arc ShfphfrcT- 
 
P A 
 
 P A U 
 
 ftown, Georgetown, Wafliington Clty> Al- 
 exandria, New Marlborough, and Charlef- 
 town, or Port Tobacco. It is 7^ miles 
 wide at its mouth ; 4^ at Nomony Bay ; 
 3 at Aquia; r^ at Hallooing Point; and 
 I J at Alexanclria. Its Ibundings are 7 
 tat horns at the mouth ; 5 at St. George's 
 Illand ; 4^ at Lower Matchodie ; 3 at 
 Swan's Point, and thence up to Alexan- 
 dria. The tides in the river are not very 
 ftrong, excepting after great rains, when 
 the ebb is pretty ftrong ; then there is lit- 
 tle or no flood, and there is never more 
 than 4 or 5 hour's flood, except with long 
 and ftrong S winds. In order to form 
 jiifl conceptions of this inland navigation, 
 it would be requifite to notice the long 
 rivers which empty into the Patowmack, 
 and iurvicy the geographical polltion of 
 the weftern waters. The diftance of 
 the waters of the Ohio to Patow- 
 mack, will be from ft/teen to forty miles, 
 according to the trouble which will be 
 taken to approach the two navigations. 
 The upper part of this river, until it paf- 
 fes the Blue Ridge, is called, in Fry and 
 JefFerfon's map, Cehovgoronto. 
 
 Patrick, a county of Virginia, contain- 
 ing 6,68a free, and 647 black people. At 
 the court houfe is a poft office, 3s 3 miles 
 from Walliington. 
 
 Patricfsy St, a fmall town, the chief 
 of Camrlen co. Georgia, fituated on Great 
 Satiila River, about ^% miles trom its 
 mouth, and the fame diftance northweft- 
 crly of the town of Sf. Mary's. 
 
 Patridg.Jidd. See Partr^g field. 
 
 Patttrijhurg, a fniall town m Botetourt 
 CO. Virginia, lltuated upon James' River, 
 on the great road, 'z6 miles from Lexing- 
 ton, \i from Fincaftic. 
 
 Patter [on ^ a town in Bergen co. N. Ter- 
 fcy. called fo in honour of the governor 
 ot the State of that name, and now one 
 of the judges of the Supreme Federal 
 Court, ft was cftabliflied in confequcnce 
 of an a<ft of the legiflature of N. Jerfey, 
 in 1791, incorporating a manufac^luritig 
 company with peculiar privileges. Its fit- 
 uation,on the Great Falls of Pallaic Riv- 
 er, is healthy and agreeable. It now con- 
 tains about 50 dwelling houfes, indepen- 
 dent of thofe appropriated for the ma- 
 chinery; and it is certainly one of the 
 mod convenient fjtuations for a manufac- 
 turing town, of any on the continent 
 This company was incorporated to en- 
 courage all kinds of manufacSbures, and 
 the fum of 500,000 dollars was foon fub- 
 faibed ; but for waut of experience, and 
 
 a proper knowledge of the bufinefs, much 
 was expended to little purpofe ; and they 
 were at laft reduced to the neceffity of 
 having recourfe to a lottery to affifl: them 
 in carrying their plan into execution. It 
 is 19 miles N E of Morriftown, 10 N of 
 Newark. N lat. 40 12, W long. 74 57. 
 
 Patucket, a fmall village about 4 miles 
 N E of Providence a bufy place of con- 
 fiderable trade, and where manufadlurcs 
 of feveral kinds are carried on with fpir- 
 it. Through this village runs Patucket, 
 or Pawtucket River, which empties inta 
 Scekhonk River at this place. The river 
 Patucket, called more northerly Black- 
 ftone's River, has a beautiful fall of wa- 
 ter, dircdlly over which a bridge has 
 been built on the line, which divides the 
 Commonwealth of MafTachufetts from the 
 State of Rhode-Ifland ; diftant about 40 
 miles S by W of Bofton. The confluent 
 ftream empties into Providence River 
 about a mile below Weyboflett, or the 
 GrcatBridgc. Thefall,initswholclength, 
 is upwards of fifty feet ; and the water 
 palTes through feveral chafms in a rock, 
 which, extending diametrically acrofs 
 the bed of the ftream, ferves as a dam to 
 the water. Several mills have been erect- 
 ed upon thefe falls ; and the fpouts and 
 channels which have been conflrutSted to 
 condudl the ftreams to their refpedlive 
 wheels, and the bridge, have taken very 
 much from the beauty and grandeur of 
 the fcenc ; which vould otherwife have 
 been indefcribably charming and romantic. 
 
 Patuy-ent, or Patuxet^ a navigable river 
 of Maryland, which rifes near the fource 
 of Patapfco Kiver, and emptier into the 
 W fide of Chefapeak Bay between Drum 
 and Kog Ifland Points, 15 or ao miles N 
 of the mouth of the Patowmac. It ad- 
 mits veffels of 250 tens to Nottingham, 
 nearly 46 miles from its mouth, and of 
 boats to Queen Anne, la miles higher. 
 Paiuxent is as remarkable a river as any 
 in the bay, having very high land on its 
 north fide, with red banks or cTIfls. When 
 vou double Drum Point, you come too in 
 •i\ and 3 fathoms water, where you will; 
 be fecure from all wincl3. 
 
 Puucar-CoUa, a jurifdi(5lion in the bifh- 
 oprick of I^a Paz, in S. America, border- 
 ing on CliUr.uito. It is lituated in the 
 mountains, and abounds in cattle. The 
 air is here very cold. The filvcr mine 
 called Laycaoota, w:js formerly fo rich, 
 that the me-tal war, often cut out with a 
 chiire! ; but the waters having overflow- 
 ed the work;, it is abandoned. 
 
 Pauceriambof 
 
J? A t) 
 
 P A V 
 
 jharitartamho\^ a jurifdt(5l!0n of the dlo- 
 trfe of Cufco, in S. America. It is very 
 fruitful, and lies 80 leagues E of Cufco. 
 
 Paukatuci, a fmall river which empties 
 into Stoningtdii harbour, and forms a 
 pnrt of the dividon line between Con- 
 nctSticut and Rhodc-Illand. 
 
 Paul's Bay, St. on f he N W fliore of the 
 river St. Lavfrencc, is about 6 leagues be- 
 low Cape Torment, where a chain of 
 mountains of 400 leagues in length ter- 
 minate from the weftward. 
 
 Pcitd's Bay, St. on tlie N W coaft of 
 Newfoundland Ifland. N lat. 49 50, W 
 
 PiixtCs If.amU St. an iflffnd in the flrait 
 between Newfoundland and Cape Breton 
 iflands. It is about 15 miles north-eafl 
 of North Cape, in Cape Breton. N lat. 
 47 13) ^V long. 60 2. 
 
 Paul^ Si. a town of Brazil, 5. America, 
 in*the taptainfliip of St. Vincent. It is 
 a kind of an independent republic, com- 
 pofed of the banditti of feveral nations. 
 However, they pay a tribute of gold to 
 the king of Portugal, h is furrounded 
 by inacceffible motJfitains and thick for- 
 tfts. S lat. 7:2 *5> W long. 45 5a. 
 
 Paul, St. a town of New-Mexico, fltu- 
 ated At the confluence of the two main 
 Lead branches of the Rio Bravo. 
 
 Paul, St. the mod foutherly of the Pearl 
 iflands, in the Gulf of Panama, S. Amer- 
 ica. In the N fide is a fafe channel ; 
 where, if neceffary, there is a place for 
 careening fliips. 
 
 PaufsySt. a parifii in Colleton diftridl, 
 S- Carolina, containing 7144 inhabitants, 
 of whom 6383 are (laves. 
 
 PaultngfiQivn^ or Patvl'mg, a townfliip in I 
 t)utchefs CO. N. York, lying on the wef- j 
 tern boundary of Connecticut, and has ! 
 South and Eaft Town on the fouth. It 1 
 contains 4269 inhahitahts, of whom 34 
 are ilaves. 
 
 Paulins Kill. See Suffex co. Neiv Jerfey. 
 
 Pauljhurghy an uninlrabited towr.lhip in 
 Grafton co. N. Hampfriire, on the he^d 
 waters of Amonoofurk River, and through 
 which pailes Andrcl'coggin River, 
 
 Paului Ilooii in Bergen co. H. Jerfey, is 
 i>n the weft bank of Hudfon River, oppo- 
 Ctc N. York city, where the river is a,ooo 
 jrards wide. Here is a ferry, vhich is 
 perhaps more ufcd than any other in th.c 
 United States. This vvas a fortified port 
 in the late war. In 1780 the frofi: was fo 
 intenfe, that »hc pafl'age acfofs the river 
 here was practicable for the heavieft can- 
 non. 
 
 Vol. I O ag 
 
 Paivlft, a townfliip in Rutland co. Ver- 
 mont, having 1938 inhabitants. It (lands 
 on the N. York line, has Wells N, and 
 Rupert S, and is watered by Pawlet Riv- 
 er, which joins Wood Creek and the con- 
 fluent ftream, falls into South Bay at Fid» 
 dlcr's Elbow. Hayftack Mountain is in 
 this townfliip. 
 
 Pu-u'tuckst Falls, In Merrimack River, 
 are in the townfliip of Dracut. 
 
 Paivtuxet, a village in the townfliip of 
 Cranfton, Providence co. Rhode-IHand. 
 
 Paxaros, an ifland on the coall of Calf* 
 forniaj in the N. Pacific Ocean. N lat. 
 30 18, W long. 120 45. 
 
 Paxtcn, Upper, Z,o7zrr,and Middle, three 
 townlhips in Dauphin co. Pennfylvania ; 
 the firft has 2274, the fecond 7 27, and tlic 
 third, including Swetara, 3208 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Paxton, a townfliip of MafHichufetts, 
 Worcerter co. 8 miles weft of Worcefter. 
 It was incorporated in 1765^ and contains 
 582 inhabitants. 
 
 Payjjn, a fmall town in the jurifdidlioii 
 of Truxillo, in Peru, 8 leagues S of St. 
 Pedro. 
 
 Paynrfvilley a town lu Trumbull co; 
 State of Ohio, en Lake Erie, near the 
 mouth of Grand River. It had, in 1802, 
 about 150 inhabitants. 
 
 Paytaba, a town and captainfhip in the 
 northern divifion of Brazil. 
 
 Payta^ or Pa'ita, a fmall fea-port of Qui- 
 to on the coaft of Peru, with an excellent 
 harbour, it leagues north of the iiland 
 called Lobos de Payta. Ships from Ac- 
 apulco, Soufonnate, Realeijo, and Pana- 
 ma, to Callaojcan only touch andrefrefli 
 here ; and tlie length of their voyages, by 
 reafon of the winds being moft of the 
 year agalnft tJiem, oecafions the port to 
 be very much frequented. Yet fo p.^rch- 
 ed is the fituation of Payta, that it affords 
 little befides filli, a few goats and frcflx 
 water ; their chief provifions being fur- 
 niilied by Colan and Piura, the one 3, 
 and the other 14 leagues diftant. The 
 bay is defended by a fort, and it is fo lit- 
 uated thrtt even mu(k.ets alone can hinder 
 boats from landing, being under a pretty 
 high hill, on the fummit of which is 
 another fort, that commands the towa 
 and lower fort. It h.?d only a fort with 
 8 guns, when Commodore Anfon took it 
 in 1741. He burnt the town, in which 
 was merchandize to the value of a miiliont 
 and a half of dollars, becaufc the gover- 
 nor refufcd to ranfoni it. The plunder 
 in dollars and plate, amounted to 
 X30POO 
 
PEA 
 
 PEA 
 
 ^30,000 PfciTIng, It was plundered and 
 burnt by Capt. C.^.TcndiHi, in 1587, and 
 by Ckorgc SpiTbtro in 1615. l"here ij- 
 anchorage in io-| fathoms aboat a mik 
 and a half from the town. S lat. 5 15, 
 W long. 80 55. 
 
 Pazy La^ a fmall jurifdiiTkion of the au- 
 dience of Charcas, in Peru, S. Amt rira. 
 Tt is fltiiatcd in the mfiuntains, {)nc ot" 
 which, called lUimani, contains, in all hu- 
 man probability, imineTife riches; for a 
 crag of it being broken 01}" fonie yenrs 
 ■fincc by a flafli of lightning, fuch a quan- 
 tity of gold was found among the frag- 
 ments, that it was Ibid for Ibmc time at 
 I.a Paz for eight pieces of eight per 
 ounce. Biit the fummit of thismountain 
 being perpetually covered with ice and 
 fnow, no attempt has been made to o^jtn 
 a mine. 
 
 Pj-z, La, a city of Peru, and capital of 
 ibe above jnrifdicSbion, is K of the lake 
 Titiaca, on the lide of a valley, among 
 the breaches of the mountains, through 
 tvhich a pretty large river flows. In 
 frefliets, the current of the river forces 
 along huge maOcs of rocks, with ibme 
 grains of gold. In the year 1730, an bi- 
 dian, while wailiing his feet in the river, 
 found a lump of gold of Inch a iize, that 
 the Marcj[.uis dc Calk I Fuerte gave i2,ooo 
 pieces of eight for it, and fent it to Spain 
 as a prcfent worthy the cuiiolity of his 
 fovereign. This city contains belidcs the 
 cathedral. many public edifrces, c'.nd about 
 20,C00 inhabitants. It is 180 miles N of 
 La Plata, and 35c S E of Cufco. S lat. 
 15 59, W long. 64. 30. 
 
 Pdzoio, a cape of N. America, on the 
 W fide of the peninfula of California, to- \ 
 •wards the S end of it, in abo«t lat. G4 N, 
 and long, r ij W. 
 
 Peiicd River, a large river (\l N. Ameri- 
 ca, whicli runs northeaflcrly into the Lake 
 of the Hills, bi the drieft feafon it is a 
 quarter of a mile wide. The lands on 
 this -river arc inhabited by the lieavtr 
 3nd Rockv Mountain Indians. Like all 
 people unacqu'iinted with the gofpc!, they 
 are a barbarous, wicked race of beings. 
 Polvgamv is practifed, and the women 
 are in the lowed ilatc of debaftmtnt. At 
 their funerals, among other extravagant 
 tokens of furrow, the women, if the de- 
 ceafed be a favourite fon or hufband, cut 
 off a finger at the lir ft joint, t^ome of the 
 ©Id women have not a whole fiiig'.-r left. 
 Ihe men think it below their dignity to 
 fhow any mark of grief. I'hefe creatures 
 are great ^jamcfters, purfuing the bufi- 
 
 nefs.fometimes for feveral days aHdnighfi.. 
 Their habitations are formed by letting 
 up a number of poUs, united at'the top^ 
 expanded at the bottom in a circle of iz 
 or 15 feet diameter. Thefe arc covered 
 with dreiTed ikins fewcd together. This 
 and other drudgeries are performed by* 
 the women, while the men lit fmoking at 
 their eafe. 
 
 Piiice^ an iOand on the co.^ft of Nova- 
 Scotia, S of Mirachi Point. 
 
 Peach Jf,jnd, is fituated in I,ake St=> 
 Clair, tJ. Canada, about 7 mites higher 
 up than Detroit,nearlyoppolTte to where 
 the Grand Marais communicates witb 
 that lake. It contains from 60 to 100 
 acres of land, fit for tillage, the other 
 parrs being; meadow and marfii. There 
 is little wood on this illand ; it is not im' 
 proved. Srr.yil. 
 
 Pdi-cham, a pofl: toivn ia Caktloina co. 
 Vermont, lies VV of Barnet on ConneAi-' 
 cut River, ll contains 873 inlrabitants. 
 
 Peaks h/ Otter arc thought to be the 
 liigheft part of the Blue Ridge, or perhaps 
 any other in N. Americ-a. Meafuring 
 from their bafe, the height is 4,000 feet. 
 
 Pearly a I'mall ifle or flifial in the W. In- 
 dies, lat. 14 s?> N» a"d long. 79 13 W. 
 
 Peari, an iiland in the Gulf of Mexicc^ 
 towaidbi the mouth of the Midifippi, z: 
 few leagues from Dauphin liland ; about 
 6 or 7 miles in length, and 4 in breadth> 
 
 Pearl IJIands^ in the Bay of Panama, 
 called alfo King Iflands, in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, 1 1 leagues from the city of Pana- 
 n>H. They ar'e low, and produce wood, 
 water, fjuit, f<.vwls and hogs ;• alb^rd good 
 harbours for l]iips. The northernmoft i» 
 named Pachea; the fouthernmoflSt. Paul's. 
 N lat. 7 10, W. long. 8 t 45. 
 
 Pearl, a river which Hfts in the Cliac- 
 taw country, itr the W part of the Milli- 
 fipjii Territory, has a fonthcrly courfe to 
 the Gulf of Mexico, and is navigable uj)- 
 wards of £50 miles. It.s-prineipal mouths 
 are near the entrance at the E end of the 
 Regolcts, through which is- the pad'agc to 
 La Ice Ponchartrain. It has 7 feet at its 
 enti-HUce, and deep water afterwards, hx 
 1769, rliere were fomc fettlcment3<;n this 
 river, where they railed tobacco, indigo, 
 cotton, rice, Indian corn, and all forts of 
 vegetabies. The land ]Moduccs a varie- 
 ty of timber, fit for pipe and hoglfiead 
 ftavc^, marts, yard3,andall kinds of plank 
 for fliip-building, 
 
 P'jrns Point, on the W fide of the Ill- 
 and of Antigua, and the W fide of A'lui- 
 kcto Cove, on it are the Five lilands. 
 
 Pichivallciy 
 
P E » 
 
 PEL 
 
 PeclxL-alkdy nn ancient InJiau village, !j fathoms -wiili in and lo on (he tauter e<Ige 
 now called Fryeburgh, 60 mile* from the i of it. 
 
 fca, in M^ine 
 
 Pddeey Great, a rivcr which rifes in the 
 Appalachian Mountains, in N. Carolina, 
 where it is called Yadkin River. In S. 
 Carolina it takes the name of Pedec ; 
 and receiving the waters of Lynche's 
 Creek, Little Pedee, and Clack River, it 
 joins the Wakkamaw River, near George- 
 town. Thcfe united ftrcams, with the 
 acctllion of a Imijll creek on which 
 Georgetown ftapds, form Winyaw Bay, 
 which, about 1% miles below, communi- | 
 eatts with the ocean. It is navigable for • 
 boats of 60 or 70 tons about aoo miles, i 
 
 Pcdtcy Littley rifes in feveral branches in j 
 N. Carolina, and unites with the (ireat '■ 
 Pedee in S. Carolina about 32 miles from ' 
 the ocean. j 
 
 Pedta Sboah, in the W. Indies, extend \ 
 from lat. Ttf zo to 30 N, and from long, j 
 79 9 to 79 17 W. 
 
 FcJras Point, on the coaft of Brazil, is 7 I 
 leagues E S E from the flrait of St. John's ; 
 Illand, and 75 from Cape North. Alfo a ; 
 point on the fame coaft 10 leagues W N } 
 W of Brandihi Bay. 
 
 Pedro Point, St. on the con ft of Chili, is 
 8 leagues N N E of Point Qudar, and 14. 
 S S W of Cape Galera. Poii Si. Ptdto is 
 contiguous to this point. 
 
 Pid.o Pou, St. is S W of the IHand of 
 St. Cath(.rine, and on the S E coaft o! Bra- 
 zil, at the entrance of the river Ea Plata. 
 
 Pedro Pino, St. runs W to the Gulf of 
 Mexico. Its mouth i» in about lat. ai N, 
 and long. 98 W. 
 
 PciVi-Kill, a fmall poft town in W. 
 Chcttcr CO. N Vol k, on tht E fide of Hud- 
 fon River, and N hde of the creek of it« 
 name, 5 miles from its mouth. It i^ zo 
 miles S of Filh-Kiil and 50 N of N. York. 
 In the winter of 1780, Gen. Wafliingtoii 
 encamped on the ftrong grounds in this 
 vicinity. 
 
 Pt^i'/irrcr, a town in Grafton co, New- 
 Hamplhirc, containing 83 inhabitants. 
 
 Pdgunnock, a N W blanch of Pallaik 
 River, in N. Jcrfey, which rifes in iSullci 
 CO. The town of its name lies between 
 it and Rockaway, another branch S of 
 this river, N W of Morriftown. 
 
 Pcjiffcot, or P'.j'jtjhea^ Falls, in Androf- 
 
 Pi'drasi a river on the N W fide of ji coggin River. See Kcnndeck River, &.c, 
 Punta des Pedras, at the fouthern ex- 1} Pfjrpfcut, or Ptgypfheag, a townlliip in 
 tremity of Amazon River. | Cumberland co. Maine, adjoining Poland, 
 
 Pedro^ St. a town in the jurifdiolion of 
 I.ambcyque, in Peru, confiHiiug of 130 
 hcnifcs, moftly inhabited by Indian fanii- 
 iies. It is waflied by the rivtr Pacaf- 
 jnayo, which renders the country round 
 very fertile. It is feated near the S. Sea, 
 30 leagues from Eanibcy(|ue. S lat. 7 
 a5 49, Wlong. 78 20 15. 
 
 Pedro, St. one of theMarquefas Illands, 
 in the S. Pacific Ocean, called by the na- 
 tives Onate%Hj ; it 16 about 3 leagues in cir- 
 cuit, and lies S 4-| leagues from the E 
 end of La Dominica. S lat. 9 58, W 
 long. 158 30. 
 
 Pedro, St, a town of New- Mexico, on 
 the S fide of Coral River, near the con- 
 ipuence of that river with the Colorado. 
 I'he united ffream runs a Ihort way S, I 
 and falls into the N part of the Gulf of ; 
 California. 
 
 Durham, &;c. on the wefterly bank of 
 Great Amcrilkoggen River, about thirty 
 miles N of Portland. 
 
 Pcli Point, or (i'oiiit 0tu Pie J U. Canada, 
 now called the South Foreland, extend- 
 ing into Lake J.rie, between Landguard 
 I and the mouth of Detroit River, is noted 
 j for being a good place to winter cattle at, 
 i on account of tlie lulbes which abound 
 
 Smyi/j. 
 
 5WJ 
 
 there. 
 
 Pclifon, a name fometimcs applied to 
 Clifuh Ri'-jer ; which fee. 
 
 Pclba7a, a townlliip of Maflachufetts, 
 Hamplliire co. \i miles N E of North- 
 ampton, and 8i W of Bollon. It was in- 
 corporated in 174Z, and contains 1144 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Pclham.-d pod town of Rockingham CO. 
 
 N. Himplliiic, on the S State line, which 
 
 i|fcparates it from Dracut in MiHachu- 
 
 Pedro Point, Great, is on the S coafl of : felts. It lies o)i the E fide of Beaver 
 the ifland of Jamaica. From Portland jj River, 30 miles S W of Flxcter, and 36 
 Point to this point the courfe is W by N 1 1 N of Bofton. it was incorporated in 
 
 about n leagues. About S -j: F^,diitance 
 J 4 leagues from Point Pedto, lies the ealt- 
 crnmoll: Pddro Key. 
 
 Pedro, Little Point, o\\ the S coall of the 
 fame iiland, lies E of Great Pedro Point, 
 
 within a il\oal partly dry ; but lu* i j itantti. 
 
 1746, and eonrains 01,8 inhabitants. 
 
 PelLam, a townlbip of Wc(l-Che(ter CO, 
 N. York, hounded S and E. !)y the Sound, 
 N including New-(Jitv, Hart, and Ap- 
 plelby's illandi. It contains 94 j inhab- 
 
 Pdi^a 
 
P E M 
 
 PEN 
 
 fslham Toivvjhtp^ Lincoln co. U. Cana- 
 da, lies to the S of LoiJ.th, and is ^vatered 
 by the Chippewa or Wei land. Smyth. 
 
 Pelican., Great, an ifland a mile long and 
 very narrow, E of the Bay of Mobile in 
 the Gulf of Mexico. Its concave lide is 
 towards the E end of Dauphin Ifland. 
 Hawk's Bay lies between thefe two ifl- 
 ands. Little Pelican JJland is a fmall fand 
 key, S E of Great Pelican. Its E curve 
 meets a large flioal extending from Mo- 
 bile Point. 
 
 Pelican I/lands^ on the S coaft of the ifl- 
 and of Jamaica, are Tituated off the point 
 fp called, W of Pgrt-Royal harbour. 
 
 Pelican, a fmall ifland at the S W point 
 of the ifland of Antigua. 
 
 Pelican Rochs lie in Runaway Bay, on 
 the W fide of the Ifland of Antigua, to- 
 wards the N W. They lie under water, 
 and are very dangerous. 
 
 Pelican Shoalsy fmall patches of fand- 
 banks about half a mile from the fhore 
 of the S W coaft of Barbadoes Ifland. 
 
 Pemaquid, a bay oK the fea-coafl: of Lin- 
 coln CO. Maine. It lies E of Sheepfcot 
 River, and contains a number of iflands, 
 many of which are under cultivation. 
 
 Pemaquid Point, on the W fide of the 
 above bay, lies a miles E of Booth Bay, 
 and about 4 leagues N W of Menhegan 
 Ifland. N lat. 44 5, W long. 69. 
 
 P,-mago7j, a fettlemcnt of Maine, 7 miles 
 from St. Denis, or Denys River, and 14 
 from Moofe Ifland. 
 
 Pemfiroke, a ipwnfliip of MafTachufetts, 
 Plymouth co. 30 miles S by E of Boflon. 
 It was incorporated in 1712, and coii^ains 
 1943 inhabitants. It lies 18 iniles from 
 the mouth of North River ; and veflels 
 of 3C0 tons have been built here. See 
 2^orth River. 
 
 Pembroke, the Suncook of the Ipdians, a 
 townfliip of N. Hampfliire, in Rocking- 
 ham CO. on the E fide of Merrimack Riv- 
 er, oppofite Concord. It lies upon two 
 fmall rivers, Bowcook and Suncook, 
 vhich run a S by W courfe into Merri- 
 mack River. In 1728, it was fettled and 
 called LovciveWs Toivn. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1759, and contains 982 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 PcmigcLvaJfet^ a river of New-Hamp- 
 fhire, which fprings from the eaftern pari 
 of the ridj;e called the Height of Land. 
 Moofc-hillock Mountain gives it one 
 branch ; another comes from the S \V 
 txtx-emity of the White Mountains, and 
 ii. third comes from the townflaip of Fran- 
 ponia. Us length ifi about 50 miles ; its 
 
 courfe generally S, aqd it receives froa, 
 both fides a number of ftreams. Winipi- 
 feogee River comes from the lake of that 
 name, and unites its waters with the 
 Pemigewaflet at the lower end of San- 
 borntown. From thia junt^^ion, the con- 
 fluent ftream bears the name of Merri- 
 mack, to the fea. See Metrimoik. 
 
 Ptv.dleton, a ctjimty of Virginia, bound- 
 ed N W by Randolph, and S by Rock- 
 ingham counties ; watered by the S 
 branch of Patowmack. It contain? 3,654 
 free inhabitants, and 124 flave§. Piitf 
 town, Frankford. 
 
 Pendleton, a difl:ri(3: of S. Carolina, on 
 Ileowee and Savannah Rivers. It con- 
 tains 20,050 inhabitants, of whom 2,204 
 are flaves. The court houfe in this dif- 
 trid:, where is a pod office, is 33 mile? 
 N N E of Franklin court houfe in Geor- 
 gia, and 5a W of Cambridge. 
 
 Pendleton^ a county of Kentucky, con-^ 
 taining 1,573 people, of whom 239 arc 
 flaves. At the court houfe is a port office. 
 
 Penguin, an ifland in the Atlantic Ocean^ 
 about 10 miles N E of the coaft of New- 
 foundland. It has this name from the 
 multitude of birds of that name which 
 frequent it. N lat. 50 5, W long. 50 30, 
 
 There is alfo an ifland of the fame name^ 
 on the coaft of Patagonia, in the S. At- 
 lantic Ocean, 3 leagues S E of Port Dt- 
 fire. It is an uninhabited rock, high at 
 the ends and low in the middle, and \% 
 the largefl and outermofi of a number of 
 fmall iiles or rocks, and is about a muf- 
 ket-lbot from the main land. It abound^ 
 in an extraordinary manner, with pen- 
 guins and feals. It is three- fourths of a 
 mile in length, and half a mile in breadtl^ 
 from E to W. 
 
 Pintis Rocks, two cluflcrs of iflands in 
 the broadefi and S W part of Hiulfon's 
 Bay, N. America ; diflinguiflicd by the 
 names of E. and W. Penn's. 
 
 Pennington, or Pennytoivn , a pleafant and 
 flourifliing village in Hunterdon co. N. 
 Jerfey, 9 miles W of Printtt'ui, and 5(8 
 N E by N of Philadelphia, h contains a 
 church for public woriLip, and about 40 
 houfes. Here is a poft olfice. 
 
 Penn,F<rt, ftauds at the mouth of a 
 fmall orcek, on tlie W fide of DcUw.jre 
 River, in Northampu.u co. about 2r miie* 
 N of ilie town of Eafton, and near 70 N of 
 Philadelphia. N lar. 40 59, W long. 1 ^ 
 13. The road from Philadelphia to Tio- 
 ga Point, pafiits throBgh the opening iii 
 the Blue Mountains, called Wind Gap^ 
 about 9 aiilce iJ W of this fcxt. 
 
FEN 
 
 r E N 
 
 Fer^ii, Port, in New-Caftle co. Delaware, 
 j« vn the W bank of Delaware jfliver, op- 
 poiite to Reedy Iflaud. 
 
 Penns, a townrtiip of Pennfylvania, on 
 Siifqiiehannah River, having 2309 inhab, 
 
 Pfnnjborcyghy IVrJI, in Cumberland co. 
 Pennfylvania. In this town is a remark- 
 able iilue of water from a ridge of lime- 
 ftone, called " The Big Spring." Such a 
 <]uatuity of water flows from the foun- 
 tain as to carry a mill built only thirty 
 rods from the fource. Five other mills 
 arc below on the fame ftream, within 4 
 mites. Below tiie lower mill the waters 
 empty through Conidogwiunet Creek in- 
 to the Snfquehannah. 
 
 Pctipjbotough^ Eafl, a townfliip in the 
 fame county. 
 
 Pennjhury, a fmali town of Pennfylva- 
 nia, in Buck's co. on a fmall creek of 
 Delaware River. It was a iiianor which 
 the celebrated Mr. Penn referved for 
 himfelf. Here he built a houfe, and 
 planted gardens and orchards ; which, 
 with many additional buildings and im- 
 provements, ftill continue. 
 
 Penns Neck, in Salem CO. New-Jerfcy, 
 lies on Old Man's Creek, which is part 
 of the boundary between Salem and 
 Gloucefter counties. It is 12 miles N E 
 by N of S.ilem, 3^ miles from the Dela- 
 ware, and 5 below Swedefborough. 
 
 Finns Neek, the name of a range of 
 farms of e:tcellent foil, fituated about a 
 mile and a half S E of Princeton in N. 
 Jerfev, on a point of land formed by 
 Mlllftone River and Stony Brook. It 
 derived its name from the celebrate4 Icg- 
 ifiator, William Penn, who formerly own- 
 ed this tract. 
 
 Pennfylvanh, one of the United States 
 of America, is fuuated between 39 43 and 
 42 N lat. and between 74 48 and 80 8 W 
 long.; being in length about 28S miles, 
 and in breadth 156. It is bounded E by 
 Delaware River, which feparates it from 
 New Jerfey ; N by New York and Lake 
 Erie, where there is a good port; \V by 
 the State of Ohio, and a part of Vir- 
 ginia, and S by a part of Virginia, Mary- 
 land, and Delaware. The State, (ex- 
 cept the purchafe mentioned below) 
 lies in the form of a parallelogram. The 
 jiorthweft corner of this State, containing 
 about ao2.ooo acres, was purchafed of 
 Congrefs by this State. Pennfylvania 
 contains 44,900 fquare miles, and is di- 
 vided into 2i5 counties, viz. Philadelphia, 
 Chcfler, Delaware, Bucks, Montgomery, 
 Berks, Lancafter, Dauphin, Northampton, 
 
 Lu7,ernc, York, Cumberland, Northum» 
 berland, Franklin, Bedford, Huntingdon, 
 Mifflin, Weftmoreland, Somerfet, Fayette, 
 Walliington.AlieghanVjl^ycoming, Green, 
 Wayne, Adams, Centre, Beaver, Bntler, 
 Mercer, Crawford, Erie, Warren, Venan- 
 go, and Armftroiig, Thefe are fubdivid-* 
 ed into townfliips, not by any fpecial law 
 of the legillaturC) but on application of <| 
 fufficient number of the citizens, in any 
 neighbourhood, 10 the judges of the court 
 of common pleas and general quarter i<ii-- 
 fions of the county. In each townfliip 
 the citizens have the priv-iicge of aiTem- 
 bling once a year, to choofe two overfte rs 
 of the poor, two alTeffors, a collet^or of 
 taxes, two fupervifors of the roads, and a/ 
 conftable. T^e number of inhabitants, 
 according to the cenlus of 17^0, was 
 434i373> including 3,737 flaves; in 1800, 
 602,545, including 1,706 flaves. I'herc 
 are fix confiderahle ri^/ers, which, with 
 their numerous branches, peninfulate the 
 whole State, viz. the Delawai-e, Schuyl- 
 kill, Sufquehannah, Youghiogany, Mo- 
 nongahela, Alleghany, and Juniatta. The 
 bay and river Delaware are navigable up 
 to the Great or Lower Falls at Trenton, 
 155 miles from the fea, and a iliip of the 
 line can afcend to PlALadelpkiu, the me- 
 tropolis, Jj 7,0 miles from the fea, by the 
 lliip channel of the Delaware. A ccnlid- 
 emble part of the Sure may be called 
 mountamous ; particularly the counties 
 of Bedford, Huntingdon, Cumhcrlind, 
 p^rt i)f Franklin, Dauphin, and part of 
 Buck's and Northamptoii, through which 
 pafs, under various names, the numerous 
 ridges and fpurs which coUetSlively foin\ 
 the Great Range of Allrghany Mountains. 
 I'he principal ridges here are the Kitta- 
 tinny, or Blue Mountains, which pafs N 
 t>f Nazareth, in Nortlumipton co. and pur- 
 lue a S W courfe, acrnfs the Lehigh, 
 through Dauphin co. iuft above Harrlf- 
 burg, thence on the W fide of the Sufque- 
 hannah, through Cumber'.and and Frank- 
 lin counties. Back of thefe, and nearly 
 parallel with them, are Peter's, Tufcaro- 
 ra, and Nefcopeck Mountains, on the E 
 lide of the Sufquehannah ; and on tije W 
 Shareman's Hills, Sideling Hills, Ragged, 
 Great Warriors, Evits and Wills Moun- 
 tains ; then the Great Alleghany Ridge ; 
 W of this are the Chefnut Ridges. Be- 
 tween juniatta and the W branch of the 
 Sufquehannah are Jack's, TuiTy's, Nitting, 
 and Bald Eagle Mountains. The vales 
 between thefe mountains are generally of 
 a rich, black foil, fuited to the various 
 
 kinds 
 
PEN 
 
 f E N 
 
 kindsof grain andgrafs. Some of the moun- 
 tains will admit cultivation almofl to their 
 tops. The other parts of the State arc 
 generally level, or agreeably variegated 
 with hills and vallits. The foil of Penn- 
 fylvania is of v^arious kinds ; in fome 
 parts it is barren, but a great proportion 
 of the State is good land ; and no incon- 
 siderable part of it is very good. The 
 richeft tra(5l that it is fettled, is Lancaftcr 
 «o. and the valley through Cumberland, 
 York and Franklin. The richefk that is 
 unfcttlcd, is between Alleghany River 
 and Lake Eric, in the northwefl: part of 
 the State, and in the country on the heads 
 of the eaflern branches of the Alleghany, 
 Pennfylvania includes the greater part of 
 the kinds of trees, flirubs, and plants, 
 
 ! matic tafttf, and are thought to have equal 
 
 ! medicinal virtue to the I'mall Virginia 
 
 ! luake-root. The fambucus canadenjit, or 
 
 I red-berried elder, is found here. Among 
 
 j the Indians it is called fevcr-bufh ; and a 
 
 i decortion of its wood and buds is highly 
 
 j eflecmed by them. It would be endlefs 
 
 to defcribe the beautiful flowering flirubs, 
 
 and ufeful as alfo ornamental plants ia 
 
 this State. Grapes of feveral forts are 
 
 common : the late kind, when mellowed 
 
 by froft, make, with the addition offugar, 
 
 good wine. The apples, pears, plums, 
 
 and peaches are good. At prefent, the 
 
 cultivation of the vine is much in vogue 
 
 in Pennfylvania, and good wine has been 
 
 already made. Iron ore abounds in tliis 
 
 State : copper, lead, and allum appear in 
 
 that grow within the U. States. Oaks, of | fome places. Limefione is comi 
 
 feveral fpecies, form the bulk of the 
 woods. Hickory and walnut make a 
 greater proportion than in the northern 
 States. Saitafras, mulberry, tulip tree, 
 and cedar, are common and grow to per- 
 
 ! alfo feveral kinds of marble. In the mid- 
 dle and weftern country is abundance of 
 coal. At the head of the weftern branch 
 of Sufquehaimah is an extenfive bed, 
 which ftretches over the country fouth-» 
 
 fe<5Hon. The maonolia vlauca, or fwamp 1 weftvvardly, fo as tobefound in the grcat- 
 
 faflafras, is found in low grounds ; the 
 twigs and roots are ufed both in bath : 
 and decodllou for removing the rheu- 
 niatlfm. The magnolia acuminata^ or cu- j 
 cumber tree, grows very tall about the i 
 weflern mountains. The magnnlia tripdo- i 
 /if, or umbrella tree, is fo'jnd in fome ; 
 parts 1 6 or 20 feet high. The bark is \ 
 fmooth, and the leaves fometimes exceed ! 
 iz or 15 inches in length, and 5 or 6 in i 
 breadth, terminating in a point at each I 
 extremity. The leaves are placed at the 1 
 ends of the branches, in a circular form, j 
 refembling an umbrella ; hence the nan\e. j 
 The bark of the tulip tree is efteemcd a j, 
 tolerable fubfUtute for the Peruvian bark ; j ' 
 hut the cornus florida^ or dogwood, which 1 1 
 is frequent in the State, is preferred. Be- i ', 
 fjdesmany othervaluablctrees and ihrubs, ;! 
 are the feveral fpecies of maple : of thcfe i I 
 the fcarlet flowered and fugar maple are ij 
 the mofl: ufeful ; they are common in the jj 
 northern and weflern parts of the State, jj 
 and are larger than the other fpecies,!! 
 growing from 50 to 60 feet high, and ,| 
 yield abundance of fap for the making of jj 
 fugar. The afli-ltavcd tooth-ach tree, is ij 
 found here and in Maryland. The bark |j 
 and capfales have an acrid tafbe, and are i| 
 'ifcd in relieving the tooth-ach, whence ' 
 it has got its name. The llirubby bith- \ 
 wort grows near Fort Pitt. It thrives in \ 
 the fliade, in a rich foil ; grows about 30 ; 
 Icet high, and fends off many twining \ 
 kraiich«s. The roots have a lively aro- j 
 
 eft plenty about Pittfburg. There ar<; 
 alfo confiderable bodies on the head wa- 
 ters of the Schuylkill and Lehigh ; and 
 at Wyoming there is a bed open, which, 
 gives very intenfe heat. Ufeful quadru- 
 peds, in the new diftticls, arc deer, in 
 great numbers, beavers, otters, racoons, 
 and martins. Buffaloes rarely crofs the 
 Ohio, and elks feldom advance from the 
 N. Panthers, wild cats, bears, foxes and 
 wolves are not rare ; the lafl: do moft 
 mifchief, efpecially in the winter ; but 
 the fur and ikins of all are valuable. Iri 
 the thick fettlements, rabbits and fquir- 
 rels arc frequent ; alfo minks and mufk- 
 rats in marllies ; partridges are yet nu- 
 merous,though the late hard winters have 
 defrroyed many, and wild turkies in the 
 new fettlements; pheafants and groufe 
 arc beconie fcarce ; pigeons, ducks and 
 wild gecfe are generally found in plenty 
 in their projjer fcafons. Ilere are a great, 
 number of fmging birds, as many migrate 
 to this State from N and 8 in certain 
 feafcns. Trouts are common in the riv-. 
 ulets, in length feldom above a foot. la 
 the eaftern rivers, the principal iilli arc 
 rock and flieep*s head, with fhad and 
 herring, which, in the fpring, come up. 
 from the fea in great ihoals. 'I'hcfe are 
 not found in the wcflern waters, which 
 arc faid to have their own valuable kinds, 
 efpecially a fpecies of cat-filli, weighing 
 from 50 to 100 pounds; yellow peicJt 
 aad pike are alfo ia them much larger 
 
 and 
 
? E N 
 
 ? E N 
 
 hnd more Bumerwis. The S fide of 'Pean- 
 fylvania is the beft fettled throughout, 
 owing entirely to the circumOrance of the 
 defter n road having been run by the ar- 
 mies, prior to 1762, through the towns of 
 I^ancafter, Carlille and Bedford, and 
 thence to Pittfburg. For the purpofc of 
 turning the tide of fettlers from this old 
 channel into tlie unftttled parts of the 
 State, the government and landed intereft 
 •f Pennfylvania have been, and are fhill, 
 bufy in cutting convenient roads. A 
 road is cut from the mouth of the Tioga, 
 fouthward to the mouth of lioyal, which 
 empties into the W branch of Sufquehan- 
 nah. Another road is cut from Hunting- 
 don town, en Frank's Town branch of Ju- 
 niatta, W 30 miles to Coneniagh, a navi- 
 gable branch of the Alleghany. A turn- 
 pike road has been lately completed from 
 Philadelphia to Lancafter,which (liortens 
 the diftancc between thefe places 8 miles ; 
 and another is made between Philadel- 
 phia and Oermantown. From Swetara 
 to the Tulpehoken branch of the Schuyl- 
 kill, a canal and lock navigation is un- 
 dertaken, and the works commenced, by 
 an incorporated company, whofe capital 
 is 400,000 dollars. This leads through 
 the Schuylkill to Philadelphia. When 
 this fliall be elTectcd, which it is eipctfled 
 will be in a few years, a paflage will be 
 open to Philadelphia from the Juniatta, 
 the Tioga, and the E and W branches of 
 the vSufquehannah, which water at lead 
 15,000,000 of acres. From this junclion, 
 Ihe general courfe of the Sufquehannah 
 is about S £, until it falls into the head 
 cf Chcfapeak Bay at Havre de Grace. 
 See T/eo-a River. On the completion of 
 the prelent plansj the State will be as 
 «onvcniently interfered by roads as ajiy 
 •ther of its fize in the Union, which will 
 greatly facilitate the fettlemeut of its new 
 lands. A (light view of the map <if Penn- 
 fylvania will bcfl Oiew how finely it is lit- 
 uatcd for inland navigation. Nature has 
 ^one fo much for inland land carriage, 
 that although Philadelphia and Lake Erie 
 are diflnnt from each other above 30c 
 miles, there is no doubt but that the riv- 
 ers of the State may be fo improved, as to 
 reduce the land carriage between them 
 Kinc tenths. In the fame way the nav- 
 jgatioii to Pittiljurg, after due improve- 
 ment, may be ufed iaflread of land carriage 
 for the whole di (lance except 23 miles. 
 By thefe route* it is clear, that a large 
 proportion of the foreign articles ufed on 
 the wcfkrn >*^ater* mult be traufported. 
 
 and their furs, fkins, glnfeng, hemp, ffaji, 
 pot afh, and other commodities brought 
 to Philadelphia. Pennfylvania has the 
 various kinds of grain, &c. common 
 to the neighbouring States, but wheat 
 io the principal grain of very gen- 
 eral cultivation. Ihe manufadlures of 
 this State are of numerous kinds. Iroil 
 works are of long flanding, and their pro- 
 du«lls increafe in quantity, and improve 
 in quality. The furnaces, feveral year* 
 ago, were 16, and the forges 37. There 
 were 18 rolling and flitting mills, which 
 cut and rolled ijoo tons a year. The 
 forges, if properly conducled, manufac- 
 ture each 170 tons of bar iron a year — 
 total 6,290 tons. Befides pigs cafl at the 
 furnaces, there are pots, kettcls, pan?, 
 ovens, ladles, tongs, lliovels, andirons, 
 plough-irons, fpades, hoes, fhcet-iron, 
 hoops ; irori and fteel work for pleafurc 
 and working carriages; nails, bolts, fpikcs; 
 various iron-work for ihips, mills and 
 buildings, caJinon balls, and fome mufk- 
 ets ; fcythes, ficklcs, axes, drawing-knives, 
 fome faws and platies, and other tools* 
 The other extenlivemanufatftures are nu- 
 merous, viz. thofe of leather, Ikins, and 
 fur, wood, paper, gunpowder, bricks, 
 earthen ware, copper, lead, tin wares^ 
 pewterj cotton, fUgar, molafTes, tobacco, 
 &c. &c. There are upwards of 5a paper 
 mills in the State ; and their annual pro- 
 duct is computed at 45,000 dolls. Since 
 the year 1770, 25 gunpowder mills have 
 been eretfted. There are about 300,000 
 wool and fur hats manufacSlu red annually 
 in the State ; nearly one half of which are 
 of fur. hi the manufacture of iron, paper j 
 pleafure carriages, and cabinet work, 
 Pennfylvania exceeds not t»nly New York^ 
 but all her filler States. Aluch cotton is 
 worked up in families; and imported 
 linen is now printed, in an incrcaliiig dc* 
 gree. The manufatftures pf Pennfylva-» 
 uia have greatly increafed wiiliin a few 
 years, as well bv mafler wt.rkmrn and 
 iourncvmen froni abroad, as by the fkill 
 and indilftry of the natives. Some per- 
 fons have begun to pref;-; oil from hickory 
 nuts. The Mellrs. Marihalls of Phila- 
 delphia, have commenced the making of 
 Glauber fait, fil ammoniac, and volatile 
 falts; they already fupply the whole \.U 
 nion with the tirft article, aud export R 
 part of the others. A mill of Ruuifay'is 
 (the improvement 01 Barker's) near that 
 citv. grinds, by water, fix)ur, chocolate, 
 fnUif, hair-powder, and muftard; iheila 
 chocolate nuts ; preflcs and cut* tobacco 
 
 f»r 
 
V -Rn 
 
 t* E N 
 
 for chewing and fmoaking; an<l bolta 
 jneal. The watcr-vorks near the falls of 
 Trenton, which grind grain, roll and ilit 
 iron, and pound plaifter of Paris, exhibit 
 great mechanifm. Card manufadlories 
 arc lately let up. The hand machines 
 for carding and fj.inning cotton have 
 been introduced and improved. Sir Rich- 
 ard Arkwright's famous water mill for 
 fpinning cotton yarn has been obtained ; 
 alio the machinery to fliver, rove, and 
 fpin flax and hemp into thread, fit for 
 linen ot thirty cuts to the pound ; which 
 •will alio ferve tc.r the roving and fpinning 
 combed wool into worfled yarn. Screws 
 for paper mills are now cut from fohd 
 caft iron. Lanterns for light houfes are 
 made by Mr, Wheeler of Philadelphia ; 
 ■who alfo executes work for fugar mills 
 in the Weft; Indies: durrng the war he 
 made cannon from wrought iron. The 
 commerce cff Pennfylvania wi»h the eaft:- 
 crn and fouthcrn States, is in great part, 
 an exchange of ftaple commodities. Wlieat 
 llour and bar iron arc exported to New- 
 England for whale oil and bone, fpern=ia- 
 ceti, feal ikins, mackefc!, cod fifli and 
 falmon, Rhode Ifland arrd Connecticut 
 cheefe ; to Soutli Carolina and Georgia 
 fcr live oak, cedar, cotton, rice, and indi- 
 go; to North Carolina for tar, pitch, tur- 
 pentine, and lumber. Much of the trade 
 ■with the fouthern States ariles from the 
 fuperiority of Pennfylvania in manufadt- 
 xjres and commerce. Great quantities of 
 deer fkins, with thofe of otters, racoons, 
 foxes, mufk rats, and beavers, are import- 
 ed from the back country. Virginia fends 
 a great deal of ivheat, and unmanufac- 
 tured tobacco. In return, llie receives 
 many articles of clothing, furniture, 
 farming utenfiis, equipage; fome Eaft In- 
 dia and European goods ; and even Weft 
 India produce ; of all thefe, more or Jcfs, 
 according to the local improvement and 
 lituation. Hats, faddlery, flioes, windfor 
 chairs, carriages, hewn ft:oaes, iron cart- 
 ings for domeftic ufe, wheel tire, fpades, 
 hoes, axes, paper, books, tin ware, and 
 brufnes, conftitute a great proportion of 
 the exports to the fouthward. Nume- 
 rous droves of lean cattle come from the 
 ■'vcftern parts of thefe States, where they 
 have a wide range, but want meadow. 
 Virginia fends coal, fome lead, and peach 
 brandy. This liquor alfo comes from 
 Maryland ; but frti-.n both in quantity 
 very fmall, conlidering its value, and the 
 facility of raifing the fruit. The eafl:ern 
 fliorc of Maryland feuds to Philadelphia 
 
 conGd*rai)Ie quantities of wheat, and In- 
 dian corn : from the weftern comes iht 
 kite-foot tobacco. The trade with New 
 York depends chiefly on the fiuAuatioii 
 of the market. American and foreign 
 goods, of the fame kinds, ar* carried be- 
 tween the two capital cities, as there pri- 
 ces fall and rife. Albany peas and craw 
 fifh are, however,- articles in regular de- 
 mand from New York. Great part o^ 
 New Jericy and Delaware State have, as 
 neighbours, much intercourfe with Penn- 
 fylvania. The firft; fupports in a great 
 meafure the market of Philadelphia, fur- 
 niilies rye meal, much Indian corn and 
 lumber, and fome iron blooniery : the 
 other fends great quantities of excellent 
 flour from the mills of Brandywine, lum- 
 ber from the diilriift on the bay, and fat 
 cattle from the paftures adjoining Dela- 
 ware. ^ Many of thefe, and of thofe fat- 
 tened in the vicinity of Philadelphia, arc 
 brought from the S ; and alfo from thd 
 banks of Hudfon and Connecticut Riv- 
 ers, as far as Vermont and Mafiachufetts, 
 The commerce of Pennfylvania, in the 
 W, is by the Ohio with Louifiana, and by 
 the lakes with the Britlfli dominions ; 
 and both ways with the Indian tribes. 
 At prefent nearly the whole foreign com- 
 merce is carried on by the port of Phila- 
 delphia. Its diftance from the fea, antJ 
 its clofing by ice in the winter, are dif- 
 advantages ; but the lirft is leiTened by- 
 improved pilotage : the other by the con- 
 ftrudtion of the piers below, and by the 
 occafional thaws which permit veflcls to' 
 clear their way during the winter. In' 
 common feafons the navigation is obftrudl- 
 ed fix weeks ; a fliorter period is as prob- 
 able as a longer j though in fome hard 
 winters, loads of wood have palTed the' 
 river, near the city, in the firft days of 
 March. The amount of eif ports from' 
 this State, in i8oi,was i'2,677475 dolls. 
 The inhabitants are principally the dc- 
 fcendants of Engllfli, Irifli and Germans, 
 with fome Scotch, Welch, S-vvedcs, and a' 
 few Dutch. There are many of the Irilh 
 and Germans who emigrated when young 
 or middle aged. The Friends and Epif- 
 copalians are chiefly of Engiifli extrac- 
 tion, and compofe about one third of the 
 inhabitants. They live chiefly in the me- 
 tropolis, and in the counties of Chefter, 
 Philadelphia, Bucks and Montgomery. 
 The Irifli are moftlyPrelbyterians,but fome 
 are Roman Catholics : their anccftors 
 came from the N of Ireland, which was 
 Utterly fettled from Scotland ; hcucc they 
 
 have 
 
!•£ jj 
 
 i- £ H 
 
 Jiave been fometimes called Scotch IriHi, 
 to denote their double dcfccnt. They in- 
 habit the wcfteru and frontier counties, 
 and are numerous. The Germans com- 
 pofe about oney^uarter of theinhal)itants 
 of Pennfylv.inia. They are moft nume- 
 rous in the N parts of the mctropoHs, and 
 the counties of Philadelphia, Montgom- 
 ery, Buclcs, Dauphin, Lanrafter, Yotk, 
 and Northampton ; moftly in the four 
 laft, and are fpreading in other parts 
 They conGfl: of Lutherans (who are the 
 moft numerous fccfb) Calvinifts or Reform- 
 ed Church, Moravians, Romsn Cathohc?, 
 Mennorufis, Tunkers, and Zwingfdters, 
 who area fpecies of Quakers. Thefe 
 are all diftlnguifhed for their temperance, 
 induftry, and economy. The Baptifls. ex- 
 cept the Mennonifts and Tuuker Baptifts, [ 
 wlio are Germans, are chiefly defcended 
 of emigrajits from Wales, and are not nu- 
 merous. A proportionate afTeniblagc of 
 the national prejudices, the manners, cuf- 
 toms, religions and political featiments of 
 all thefe, will form the Pennfylvanian 
 characTttr. Tlie number of congregations 
 in the State, in about the year i/v^o vvas, 
 Prefbyterians, 86, German Calvinifts, 84, 
 German Lutherans, 84, Friends or Qua- 
 kers, 54, Epifcopalians, 26, Baptifl:s, 15, 
 Roman Catholics, 11, Scotch Preifcytcri' 
 ans, 8, Moravians, 8, Free Quakers, i, 
 Univerfalifts, i, Covenanters, 1, Metho- 
 ^ifts, 3 or 4> and a Jewiili Synagogue; 
 the whole amounting to 38}. The lite- 
 i»iry, humane, and other ufeful focic'tics, 
 arc numerous in Pennfylvania. There 
 is an univerfity at Philadelphia, and col- 
 leges at Carlifle, Lancafter, and Wafliing- 
 ton. The Epifcopalians have an acad&my 
 at Yorktown in York c©. There are al- 
 fo academies at Germantown,at Pittfburg, 
 at Wafliington, at Allen's Town, and oth- 
 er places ; thefe arc endowed by dcua- 
 tions from the legillature, and by libernl 
 contributions of individuals. I'he legif- 
 lature have alfo referred 60,000 acres of 
 tlie public lands for public fchools. The 
 United Brethren, of Moravians, have 
 academies at Bethlehem and Nazareth on 
 the bcft eftabiiilunent of any fchooh per- 
 haps in America. Befides Philadelphia, 
 the metropolis, the chief towns are, Lan- 
 cafter, the largeft inland town oi" the U. 
 States, Carlifle, Pirtfburg., Sunbury, Beth- 
 lehem, Reading, Yorktown, Harriiburg, 
 Wafliington, &c. This State was fettled 
 by the celebrated William Pcnn, iion of 
 the famous Admiral Pcnn, in 16S2. By 
 ■iLc favouralile terms which Mr. Petin of- 
 VuL. I. Hah 
 
 fcred to the fettlcrs, and an unlimited toU 
 eration of all religious denominations, the 
 population of t'lC province wis extremely 
 rapid. The proprietaries, after the rev- 
 olution, accepted of ;^x 30,000 from the 
 leg';flature,in lieu of all quit rtnts. They, 
 hov/ever, flill polTefs in Pennfylvania ma- 
 ny large tradls of excellent land. The 
 prtfent conftitution of thk> State v^as rat- 
 ified June "I'ith, 1792. A convention, ro 
 amend the conflitution, may be called 
 where a majority of the people lliall fig- 
 nify their wifli for it. The cxpcnfe of 
 the government of this State amounts to 
 ;^32,z8o annu:illy. See Phila^/cUbv, for 
 an account of the exports and imports of 
 the State, &c. 
 
 Pennytoxvn. See Jrcntivigtoft. 
 
 i'er.ohfcot^ a bay on the coaft; of Hancock 
 CO. Maine, and called Noromhega by the 
 firO: difcoverer, is about i6 leagues v/;de 
 from I^afkeag Point and Burnt, Coat Hl- 
 and, on the caPc to the point on wli^'ch 
 Thomaftown ftands, on the Wii(ie;of the 
 bay. The chief ifl.,nds ic cnclofes.aVc 
 Fox, Haut, Long^ and Deer lilauds; be- 
 fides a number of fir.aK iHci, rcycks and 
 ledges. Through this J>ay to th? niouih 
 of the river of. its name, the wcTlcra chan- 
 nel goes up by a head land on the W call- 
 ed Owl's Head, and between Long liland 
 on the W, and Cape Roller on the JE to 
 Bagaduce Point. The carter n chahncf is 
 between HautlHand on theW, and Burnt 
 Coat iHand on the E,and through a'reach, 
 called Long F.each, formed by the fliores 
 of Naflceag, or Sedgwick, qn the E or N 
 E, and Deer Iflands on the W or S W 
 till it unites with the other channel, be- 
 tween Point Roficr and Loh^ lflah<i. On 
 a fine pcninfula on /he E lide of the bay, 
 the Britiili built a fort and made a fettle- 
 mcnt which is now the fiiire town of the 
 county of Hancock, and is a commodious 
 place for the lumr.c r trade. Haiit I2ahd, 
 or Ifle of Ho'*, lies in lat. 44 23 N, aiid 
 long. 68 10 W, and is the fouthertjmqft 
 of tivj large iOes. 
 
 Fcnuhfiot^ the noble river which emp- 
 ties its waters into tiie above defcribed 
 bay, is ihe mofl confiderable in the Dif- 
 tricit of Maine, and rifes by two branches 
 in the liigh l.-.uds. Between the fourqe 
 of the W fork, and its junction with the 
 E, is Mocjfchcad L;-)ke, 30 or 40 miks 
 long, and 15 wide. The e.-iftern branoh 
 palTes through feveral fmalier lakes. 
 ■From the Forks, as they are called, the 
 Peaobfcot bidians pafs to Canada, up 
 either branch, principally the W, the 
 
 fo urc€ 
 
PEN- 
 
 PEN 
 
 fourcc of which, they far, is not more 
 than ao miles from the waters uhlch 
 tmpty into the St. Lawrence. At the 
 Forks is a remarkable high mountain. 
 From thence down to Indian Old Town, 
 fituated on an iiland in this river, is ahciit 
 60 miles, 40 of which the water Hows in 
 a Aill fmooih fircam, and in the whole 
 diflance there are no falls to interrupt 
 the pafD.ge of boats. In this diftance the 
 river widens, and embraces a great num- 
 ber of iilands. About 60 rods below h\- 
 dian Old Town are the Great Falls, 
 where is a carrying-place of about 20 
 rods ; thence iz miles to the head of the 
 tide there are do falls to obflrudl bo^t?. 
 VeiTels of 30 tons come within a mile of 
 the head of the tide. Thence 35 n\iles 
 to the head of the bay, to the Icite of 
 Old Fort Pownal, the river flows in a 
 pretty ftraijiht courfe, and is cafUy navi- 
 jjateij. Faffing by Majabagadufc on the 
 £ 7 miles, and Owl's-Head 'io mile* far- 
 ther, on the W, you enter the ocean. It 
 is high water here, at full and change,. 
 45 minutes paft 10.. At the entrance of 
 the river is 10 fathoms water. The In- j 
 disrs have a communication from this 
 river to Scoodick River by a portage of 
 3 miles. This river was the weftem lim*' 
 it of Nova-Scotia or Acadia, by the rrta- ■ 
 ty of Utrecht. There are, within about 
 ao miles, more than 60 iflands great" and 
 fmall, making in the Avhole about 12,000 ' 
 acres (fee Marflr's Ifland.) Fifty-four of 
 thefe the Indians Iiave refervcd to iheir 
 own ufe. 
 
 Fhio/jfioty* a- port town of Maine, on 
 the E fide of the bay of its name in lat. 
 44 24 N, 3 miles N by W of Blue-Hill, 
 141 N W of Portland, and i62 N by E 
 of Bofton. It is a port of entry, and car- 
 ries on a fmall trade iu fUln aiui lumber. 
 The exports in 1794, ending Sept. 30, 
 amounted to 5,825 dollars. In Feb. 1796, 
 it was divided into two towns ; the one 
 retain irg the name Penobfcot, having 
 935 inhabitants, the other named Caf- 
 tiue, which fee. I 
 
 Penohfcots^ a fmall tribe of Indians who \ 
 live in Indian Old Town, on an i(I:uid in 
 Penobfcot River. They aver th-it they 
 have poffefTed the ifland, on which their ; 
 town ftands, 500 years. It ftands jnft I 
 above the Great Falls, and confifls of : 
 about 200 acres of land. See Indian Old ; 
 '■Xb'wn. In a former war, this tribe loft \ 
 
 * 7X// defcription applies to tL'is to'ivn as it 
 Hfd before its tHiiJion, in IT^)^- 
 
 tluir lands; but at the commencement of 
 the iaft vvar, the Provincial Cdngrefs for- 
 bade any perfon fettling on the lands 
 from the head of the tide on Penobfcot 
 River, included in lines drawn ilx miles 
 from the river on each' fide ; that is, a 
 trat^ 12 miles wide, interfeOlcd by the 
 middle of the river. They, however, 
 confidcr that they have a right to hunt 
 and fifli as far as the mouth of the Bay 
 of Penobfcot extends. This was their 
 original right, in oppofition to any other 
 tribe, and they now enjoy it. 
 
 Pcnfacola Harbour and Tozvn. The Har- 
 bour is on the N fliore of the Gulf of 
 Mexico, II leagues E of Port LewLs, and 
 Mobife, and 158 W of the ifiands of Tor- 
 tuga. It is a beautiful body of water, 
 fpacious, and fafe from all winds, and has 
 4 fathoms water at its entrance, detpeu- 
 ing gradually to 7 or 8. '^I'he bar lies in 
 lat. 30 rj* N, and long. 87 14 W, and 
 admits of vefTels drawing no more than 
 '2,1 feet water. ♦The town of Penfacola, 
 c^he capital of W. Florida, lying along the 
 beach (>f thc'bay, is of an oblong form, 
 healthy and delightfully fituated, and is- 
 about a mile in length, and a quarter of a 
 mile in breadth. While in poiTeihon of the 
 Britifli it contained feveral hundred hab- 
 itations; and many of the public building* 
 and houfes were fpacious and elegant. The 
 governor's palace is, a large ftone build- 
 ing, ornamented with a tower, built by 
 the Spaniards. Since this place has been 
 in pofTcfnon of the Spaniards it has beeu 
 cm the decline. The exports from tlti» 
 town, confifting of flcins, logwood, dying- 
 ftufTand filver dollars, amounted, while 
 in the pofleffion of the Britiilt, to ^^63,000 
 annually. The average value of import*, 
 for three years, from Great-Britain, was 
 ;r97,ooo. The tov/n and fort of Penfa- 
 cola furrendered to the arms of Spain, iu 
 the year 17 8x, and with thenithe whole 
 province. The old fortifications flood on 
 fomc fand hills back of the city, too dif- 
 tant to yield any fubftantial protection. 
 The entrance into the bay is defended 
 by a fmall fort on the W end of Rofe'* 
 Iiland, and a battery on the main land 
 nearly oppofite. I'his harbour, and oth- 
 ers on this coi'ft, are inftfted with worms^ 
 in fuch degree as to ruin veilels in two 
 months, if care be not taken to prevent k, 
 [Iluttlfins & EUicott.'] Elcambia or Coe- 
 
 neeuh 
 
 * Lat. 30 18 iV, kr>g. 87 17 IV from 
 CreenviUk fillicott. 
 
^ E Q^ 
 
 PER 
 
 mf.cu'h River is the largefl: firearm which 
 fills into Penfacola Bay. It admits flial- 
 'iops fonic miles up, and boats upwards 
 ^Of 50 mile?. .See Connecuhy jippefidix. 
 
 Pentceofiy an ifiand in the Archipelago of 
 4he Greet Cycladcs, wliich fee. It was dil- 
 covered by Botiganville, May 2^, 1768, 
 -and named from the day, being the day 
 of Ptntecoft. It is two leagues dift^nt 
 from Aurora lOand, which is in 15 8 S 
 lat, and 165 58 E lonji;. from Paris. 
 
 P.^ruco^ a province of Mcsico; frparat- 
 -cd from that of Angeles, or '1 lafcaia, on 
 tlic N by Tufpa River. 
 
 Pvpchidt'jchkh^ a point or head !and on 
 the S {l-:ore of the Great Bay of Chalcurs, 
 near the N E extremity qf the province 
 of New-Erunfwick. 
 
 Pe^in, a lake, or rather a dilatation of 
 •the river Miilllippi, where it receives the 
 river Chippeway from the N E in laf. 44 
 5 N, and long 93 4 a W, below the Falls 
 of St. Anthony. 
 
 Pcppertll, a rowafliip of M^frachufctts, 
 on the K branch of Nafnaway River, and 
 on the N line of Middlefex co. It joins 
 Oroton on the S E, and is 40 miles N by 
 W of Bofion. It was incorporated in 
 1753, and contains 1198 inhabitants. 
 
 Pepper ellorough^ a townfbip in Yotk CO. 
 Maine, on the N E fide of Saco River, 
 near the mouth, and which fcparates it 
 from Biddeford to the S. A bank by the 
 name of Saco Bank was eftablifiied here 
 in 1803. It is about 12 miles S W of 
 Portland, and IC9 N of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated in 1772, and contains 1842 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Pipipguiachcy now railed Metv-CarVJls, 
 is about 3 leagues from Pafpibiac, ©n the 
 north fide of Chalcur Bay. 
 
 Pepftgu'iach Pointy on the northern tide 
 of Chalcur Bay, now called Pafp'^biac Point, 
 is -about 3 leagues W N W of Eaft Nou- 
 ville. It is a barren plain that is nearly 
 *. league in length. A very extenfive 
 filliery is carried on here, for fuch dfiiiall 
 .place. 
 
 Pifpys If-^nh, the fame with Falkland 
 Illand", lie in lat. 47 S,, 8 leagues E of 
 Cape Blanco, on the coaft of Patagonia. 
 It is commodious for taking in wood and 
 water, and provided with a harbour ca*- 
 pable of holding looo fail of fliips ; 
 abounding with fowls and great plenty 
 
 of flfll. 
 
 Pequanack, a townfliip of Morris co. N. 
 Jcrfey-; feparated from Bergen co. N by 
 •i'egunnock River. 
 
 I'f^uanntek Ptint and R'lVfr. The rivqr 
 
 is a fmall flream which runs S-througi: 
 the towns of Huntington and Stratford hx 
 Fairfield co. Conne6ticut, and empties in- 
 to a bay in the Sound where veuels may- 
 anchor. The point forms the wcfteni 
 extremity of fhe bay, near which are fomc 
 rocks ; frc m thence the outer bar cx- 
 ttnds N by N E. The point is 5 miles 
 vS W of Stratford River. 
 
 P I quefegeha'tguniy or BivrZ,a,('e,xhc fourcc 
 of a river of the fame name whic^ is fhc 
 nnrth-eaflcrly braisch of M^gg'^kadav/a 
 River. The lake is of an irregular form, 
 about 3 miles long and 2 vvide. 
 
 Perotnus, or Peramcs, in Bergen CO. N, 
 Jerfey, lies on the. point <jf land formed by 
 the branches of Saddle River, a N branch 
 of PalTaik ; about 18 miles N of Bergen, 
 10 W of Tappap, and 2T N W by N 
 of N. York. 
 
 Pcrc.-r, Vlfie, .a fmall but remarkable 
 ifiand on the W fide of the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, being a perpendicular rock, 
 pierced with two natural arches, through 
 which the fea flows. One of thefe arch- 
 es is fufficiently high to sdmit a large 
 boat to pafs freely through it. It is 15 ' 
 miles fcuth of Cape Gaf pee. It is aflert- 
 ed tliat it was formerly joined to Mount 
 Joli, which lies oppofitc to it on the con- 
 tinent. 
 
 Percipany^ a village in Morris co. N". 
 Jerffv, on a branch of Paffiik River, and 
 6 miles N of Morriflown. 
 
 Percy, an extenfive townfliip in Graf- 
 con CO. N. Hampfliire, watered by the 
 feveral branches of Upper Anionoofuck 
 River, bounded W by Northumlierland, 
 on GonneAicut River. It was imcorpo- 
 rated in 1774, and contains 148 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 PerJI(/o,ii river and bay on the coaft of 
 Weft-Florida. The mouth of the river 
 is about 10 leagues eaftward of Mobile 
 Point, and 4 weflward of the bar of Pen- 
 facola. The entrance is narrow, with a 
 Ixir of fix feet, but afterwards it widens 
 confiderably. This was ft>rmerly the 
 boundary between Florida and Louifia- 
 na, dividing the French and Spanifli do- 
 minions, and is now confidered as the 
 eaftern boundary of Louifiana, as late- 
 ly ceded to the United States. The 
 river ftrctches in one place NE, where it 
 goes within a mile of the great lagoon VV" 
 of the entrance of Penfacola harbour. 
 PIutcLins. 
 
 p.res TJlaml, or Confantlne Peres, on the 
 coaft of Chili, S. America. It is oppofite 
 to Port Cor J. Oo this ifland is a fort 
 
 G^lteii 
 
BE R 
 
 1^ E R 
 
 «iUe.cl Manfcra, and en the V.ack; of the 
 ifland there is an entrance f«r boats into 
 the harbour 6f Baldivia. 
 
 Ferica, three idands in the bay of Pa- 
 nama, S. America, which give (helter to 
 fliips out of the conynand cf the tovvn of 
 Panama. 
 
 Ferkas If.i:uiu on the Spahiili Main» 
 coaftof S. America, 3 leagues W of Cu- 
 in^na Bay." 
 
 . Perkins, Por!?, lies on the S W of Wafli- 
 ington's Ifle, on the N W coaft of N. 
 America. See Magccs Svmd. 
 
 ' Perhrnfcmnlle^ in Amelia CO. Virginia. 
 Here is a poft ofEce ifjz milcj from 
 Wafhington. 
 
 Perlican^ Old., ajj indifferent i]iip road 
 with rocky ground on the E coait of New- 
 foundland liland, % leagues S W by 6 of 
 Break Heart Point. Sherwick is the 
 pame of its N point. 
 
 Perlican, Nciv, a noted harhour en the 
 E coafl of Newfoundland 1 Hand. 8 leagues 
 "W S W of Old Perlican, and '5 leagues 
 from Random Head. It has a wide and 
 fafe entrance, and fhips may ride in it 
 liindlocked from all winds in from 40 to 
 5 fathoms water. 
 
 Pernamluco, a captainfhip in the N di- 
 Tifion of Brazil. Chief tovvn Olinda. 
 
 PcrnambutOy or PhtrnamiucOy Othtrvvife 
 called Panambuco, a place of confiderable 
 trade on the E coafl; of Brazil, having a 
 bay or harhour of the fame name, be- 
 tween Paraiha on the N, and Cape St. 
 Auguftine on the S, in lit. 8 S, and long. 
 ^$ W. Prf)vifions and other articles arc 
 brought hicl-.er from Para, and from 
 hence great quantities of tobacco are 
 fent to Europe. 
 
 Pcrnamhi'co^ a river on the coaft of Bra- 
 zil, S. Anurica, S of Tamerica Ifl^nd. It 
 is blocked up Avith fand ; and fliips enter 
 it from the N, at the entranc;e of the 
 Receif harbour, 3 leagues from it. S iat. 
 8 30, W long. :>,s 7. 
 
 PerfHua, Cop.-, on the N \V coafl of 
 N. America. N Iat, 44 6, W long. 124 
 ?. Variation of the compafs i;i the year 
 i779> ^7 50 E. 
 
 Perquimonsy a CO. of Edentcn diftricH:, 
 N. Carolina, bouudc<i \V by Chow.'.n co. 
 and E by Pafquotank, from which la ft it 
 is feparattd by the river Pafquotank, a 
 •water of Albemarle Sound, ^t contains 
 5,609 inhabitants, of, whom 1,980 are 
 flaves. 
 
 Perfon^ a CO. in Hilifbcrough diflricfl, 
 K. Carolina. The court houfe, where a 
 |»oft office is kept, is 26 miles I^of Hiilf- 
 
 boro'igh, and 34. E of Cafwoll New Ccorfri 
 Houfe. It contains 6;4oa inhabitauts,^ 
 :, 08 2 are flavts, 
 
 Perth- Amh'iy., a city of N. Jcrfcv, pleaf- 
 ant!y fituated in Aliddlefex co.' at the 
 head of Rariton Bay, and ftands on a 
 neck ci land included between Fvariton. 
 River and Arthur KuU Sound, its fcite 
 is high and healthy. It lies open to San- 
 dy-Hook, and has one ci€ the bed har- 
 bours on the continent. Veflels from fca 
 may enter it in one tide, in almofl any 
 weather. It is a port of entry and poft 
 town ; but although it is admirably fitu- 
 atcd for trade, and the legifiatute has 
 given every encouragement to induce 
 mer<phant3 to fettle here, it is far from 
 being in a fiourifliing flate. It contains 
 about 60 houfes, and carries on a fmall 
 trade to the W. Indies. Its exports for 
 a year, ending 30th Sept. 1794, v/ere to 
 the value of 58,159 dollars. It is 2>S 
 miles S W of N. York, and 74 N E of 
 Philadelphia. N iat. 40 zSi^ W Ipng. 74 
 50. 
 
 Peru, a poft town of N. York, in Clin- 
 ton CO. on the WAde cf Lake Champlaiua 
 It was taken from the towns of Plattf- 
 burg and WiUfburg, and incorporated 'v\ 
 1792. It is an excellent tradl of land, 
 and fettling faff. It has 1,347 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 i^Tw, a diftri^fJ: of S. America, about 
 1800 miles in length, and about 500 in 
 breadth; bouftd..d W by the S.Pacific 
 Ocean ; E by the Cordillera dc Ics An- 
 des, or Mountains of Andes, which fep- 
 arate it from the country of Amazonia 
 and Paraguay ; N by Terra I'irma, fron-i 
 which it is divided by the equator ; and 
 the a5th degree of S latitude leparates it 
 from Chili and La Plata on the S. It 
 lies between 60 and 81 W long, and is 
 fubdividcd into the provinces of Quito, 
 Lima, and Los Charcos. Tlie chief towns 
 are Quito, Payta, Lima, Ciifco, Potoli 
 and Porco. From the fitaation of this 
 country, which is within the torrid zone, 
 it is natural to fuppoft that it would be 
 almoft uninhabitable ; but the Andes 
 Mountains being on the one fide, and the 
 S. Sea on the otUer, it is not fo hot as 
 tropical countries in general are ; and in 
 fome parts it is difagreeably cold. In 
 one part are mountains of a ftupendous 
 heiglit and magnitude, having their fum- 
 mits covered with fnow ; on the other, 
 more than 16 volcanoes flaming within, 
 whil© their fummits, chafms and aper« 
 turcs are involved in ice. The plains 
 
 are 
 
PER 
 
 ? E K: 
 
 ar« temperate, the beaches ajjd vallks 
 kot ; ami inrtly, accordinj^ to the difpofir 
 tion of the country, itsliigh cr Unv litua- 
 tion, we find sll the variety of gradations 
 of temperature betwetn the two extremes 
 of heat and cold. It h remarkable, that 
 in fome places it never raiiis, which de- 
 feat is lupphed by a dew that falls every 
 pjght, and iufllcitntly rcfreihcs the vege- 
 table creation ; but in Quito they have 
 prodigious rains, attended by dreadful 
 ftorms of thunder and lightning. In the 
 inland parts of Peru, and by the banks of 
 the rivers, the foil is nfually very fertile; 
 but along the fea-coaft, it is a barren 
 fand. Vaft numbers of cattle were ini- 
 ported by the Spaniards into Peru, when 
 they tooK, poileiriori of that country ; 
 thefe are now fo increafed, that they run 
 wild and are hunted like game. This 
 country produce* fruits peculiar to the 
 climate and mofi: of thofe in Europe. 
 The cultuie of maize, of pimento and of 
 cotton, which was found eftabliflied there, 
 has not been neglccacd; and that of wheat, 
 barley, calTava, potatoes, fugar, and of the 
 olive 'and vine is attended to. The goat 
 has thriven very well ; but the fhcep 
 have degenerated, and their wool is be- 
 come extremely coarie. In the northern 
 parts of Peru are feveral gold mines ; but 
 thofe of filver are found all over the coun- 
 try, particularly in the neighbourhood of 
 Potofi. Nature never offered to the avid- 
 ity of mankind, in any country on the 
 globe, fuch rich mines as thefe of Potofi. 
 Thefe famous miuci were accidentally 
 difcovered in the year J545, in this man- 
 ner : An Indian, named Hualpa, one day 
 following fome deer, which made direct- 
 ly up the hill of Potofi, came to a fleep 
 craggy part of the hill, and the better to 
 enable him to climb up, laid hold of a 
 flirub, which came up by the roots, and 
 laid open a mafs of fdver ore. He for 
 fome time kept it a fecret, but afterwards 
 revealed it to his friend Guanca, who, 
 becaufe he would not difcover to him the 
 method of refining it, acquainted the 
 Spaniard his mafter, named Valaroel, 
 with the difcovery. Valaroel regiftered 
 the mine in 1545 : and from that time 
 till 1638 thefe mines of Potofi had yield- 
 ed 395,619,000 pieces of eight, which is 
 about 4,255,000 pieces a year. Potofi is 
 about 20 or ic leagues from the city of 
 I^a Plata. The liiM, and alfo the country 
 for a confiderable diftance round, is quite 
 barren and def^rt, and produces neither 
 jtrec, plant nor herb/ lo th^t the iphabit- 
 
 i 1 
 
 ants of PotoG, which h fxtuatcd at the 
 foot; of the- hill, ou the S fide, are obliged 
 to prc/rureiall the necdfaries of life from 
 Peru. Thefe mines begin to decreafe, 
 aad others rife in reputation. It is impof- 
 fiiile toafcertain with ziij dej^rec of pre- 
 cifiou tlie number' of inhabitacts in Peru. 
 The eity of I-ima isfaid 10 contain 54,000; 
 Gur.gaquili, 'i,o,doo ; Potofi, 2J.O0O ; La 
 Pas, 2C.OOO, and Cufco, 26,000. Among 
 all the inhabitants of Peru, pride ^.n6 la- 
 zinefs are faid to be the mcft predomi- 
 nant p^fiions. Avarice may likevvile be 
 attributed to Tome of them with a great 
 deal, of propriety. There is very little 
 commerce in this fine country, except in 
 the citie» and large towns, which are de- 
 fcribed lender their refpeclivc name?. 
 The chief manufadlures are carried oa 
 by the Indiaris ; thefe rtjnfifr chiefly of 
 leather, woollen and cotton ftulis, and 
 earthen ware ; ii> the fabrication of 
 v/hich, they arc faid to be peculiarly in* 
 genioust Tiie Indians and negroes are 
 forbidden, under the feverefl: penalties, to 
 intermarry ; for divilion between thefe 
 two ciaffes, is the great inftrument, ia 
 v.hich the Spaniards truft for the prefer- 
 vation of the colonies. Peru is govern- 
 ed by a viceroy, who israhfolute ; but it 
 being impoilibie for him to fupcrintend 
 the whole extent of his government, he 
 delegates a part of his authority to the 
 feveral audiences and courts, cfiablithed 
 at different places throughout his territo- 
 ries. At Lima theie is a trcalury court 
 for receiving a fifth of the mines, and cer- 
 tain taxes paid by the Indians, whicl\ bc- 
 ong to the king of bpain. There are 
 certain waters in this country^ which in 
 their courfe turn into ftone ; and, foun- 
 tains of kquid matter, called cr.ppey^ re- 
 fcmbling pitch and tar, and ufed by fea- 
 men for the fame purpofe. On the cuafU 
 of Guagaquiil and Guatimala are found 
 a certain, fpecies of fnails, which yield 
 the purple dye lo celebrated by the an- 
 cients, and which the moderns have fup- 
 pofed to have; been lofh The Hieli that 
 contains them is fixed to reck*, watered 
 by the fea. it is of the fize of a large 
 nu^ Various methods are ufcd to ex- 
 traift the purple matter from, the animal. 
 There is no colour that can be compared 
 to this, either in luftre or permanence. 
 Here is -.dfo found a new ful>ftance caikd 
 the Platina, and which may be con"fidtr- 
 ed as an e]<Thih metal. In its. native fiaie 
 it is mixed with gold and iron, and this 
 at fir{l gave rife to a fufpici&n that it w?!s 
 
 MTOthinu 
 
 I ^ 
 
? E T 
 
 ? E T 
 
 nothing more than a combination of thcfe 
 two metals ; 'but late experiments of chym- 
 ifts fully prove, that it is a pure and fim- 
 ple metal, with properties peculiar to it- 
 fclf. It cannot be afFctaed hy any fim- 
 p!e acid, or by any known folvent, ex- 
 cept the aqua regia ; it will not tarnifn 
 in the air, neither will it ruft ; it unites 
 to the fixednefs of gold, and to the prop- 
 erty it has of not being fufceptibJe of dt- 
 ilrudlion, a hardnefs almoft equal to that 
 of iron, and a much greater difficulty of 
 fiihon. It is of an intermediate colour, 
 between that of iron and filver ; it can 
 be forged and extended into thin plates ; 
 and when difl(»lved in aqua regia, it may 
 l)C made to afTume, by precipitation, an 
 infinite diverfity of colours ; aud Count 
 Milby has fucceeded in varying thefe 
 precipitates fo much, that he has a pic- 
 lure painted, in the colouring of which 
 there is fcarce any thing but platina 
 made ufe of. Upon the whole, from con- 
 iidaring the advantagesof the platina, we 
 cannot but conclude that this metal de- 
 fcrves, at leaft, from its fupcriority to all 
 others, to fliare the title of king of met- 
 als, of which gold has fo long been in pof- 
 itlhon. The Peruvian bark, fo famous 
 at prefent for curing intermittent fever?, 
 is Hkewife found here. The tree from 
 which it is taken grows upon the 5ope 
 of mountains, and is about the fize of a 
 «ommon eherry-tree. It is diftinguilhed 
 into three kinds ; the red, yellow, and 
 the white ; but the red is found to be 
 the bcft and mod efhcacious. The Jefu- 
 its carried this bark to Rome as early as 
 1639; but the natives are fuppofed to 
 have been acquainted with its medicinal 
 qualities many ages before. 
 
 Peruvians, the aboriginal inhabitants of 
 Peru, in S. America, who were the moft 
 civilized of any Indians on the continent. 
 
 Pefumftut^ a river of Cumberland co. 
 Maine, about 20 miles in a winding courfc 
 it carries ofF the furplus water of Sebacook 
 VovA into the fea in Portland bay. 
 
 Pdaguel, a territory of S. America, in 
 Brazil, bounded 1^ by Dele; E by the S. 
 Atlantic Ocean ; S by the captainlh.ip of 
 jRio Grande ; and W by Tupuy. It con- 
 tains mines of frlvcr. 
 
 Peiapa^ onC of the pleafantefl: towns of 
 <luatiniala, in New Spain, Ixtuated at the 
 weftern extremity of the valley of Mexi- 
 co, 25 miles S E of Ouatimala. There is 
 a rich fugar plantation in its vicinity. 
 
 Pdtanvcninlas^zn Indian nation foinrtr- 
 Iv i" alliance witli the Huro««. 
 
 Pc{:ts Banl^ St. a large f.Hiing grnnn^ 
 ofF the S end of Newfoundland Ifund, 
 and extends from Cape Race to St, Peter's 
 Idand, oppofitc Placcntia, St. Mary and 
 TrepafTy Bays. It is lat. ri in breadth 
 on the W fide. Frorii Sr. Peter's Ifland 
 it dccreafes as it approaches Race Point. 
 It lies W of the Great Bank, and has on 
 the S at a confiderable diftance. Green and 
 Whale Banks, which are among the finall- 
 eft on the coaft. It has 45 to 30 fathcms 
 water on it. 
 
 Peter s Bay, St. on the S coafl of Cape 
 Breton Ifland, having St. Peter's llland at 
 its mouth. 
 
 Peter's Fort, St. on the ifland of MartJ- 
 nico, in the Weft Indies. N ht. 14 44, 
 W long. 6r iL. 
 
 Peter's Harbour, St. on the N coaft of 
 the ifland of St. John's, in the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, abont 8 leagues W of E. Point, 
 
 Peter s Haven, St. on the E coaft of 
 Labrador, lies round the S E point of Sa- 
 del Bay. N lat. 56 ,-^,0, W long. 60 42. 
 
 Peter's Ifiaud, a fniall ifle on the W coaft 
 of St. John's Ifland, near to, and N by W 
 of Governor's Ifland, in the narrowefl 
 part of the Strait between New Brunl- 
 wick and St. John's llland. 
 
 Peters JJand, St. o? St. Pierres, on the 
 S coafl of Newfoundland I/land, lies S S 
 W of the S E point of Fortune Bay, and 
 near to, and S E of the S point of Mique- 
 lon Ifland. N lat. 46 46, W long. 56 17, 
 
 Peter s, St. one of the Virgin Ifles, in the 
 Weft Indies, dependant on Virgin Gorda. 
 
 Peter's, St. a harbour at the W end of 
 Sydney or Cape Breton Ifland, is a very- 
 commodious place for carrying on the 
 fiflicry. 
 
 Pete/s, St. a town at the fouthern ex- 
 tremity of Cape Breton Ifland. It ftandg 
 on an ifthmus about half a mile broad, 
 which feparates the liarbour of St. Peter 
 from the great lake of that name, alf» 
 called Lake Labrador. It is about to 
 miles N E of Point Touloufe. To this 
 harbour vefTcls of the greateft burden can 
 come with fafcty. Before the American 
 rcvolnlion, a great filhery was carried ou 
 here. 
 
 PeUr. Lale St. a part of St, Lawrciice 
 River, into which empty from the S and 
 E Sorel River from Lake Champlain, the 
 river St. Francis, and fome fmaller rivers, 
 from the N W. The Mafquinonge, Oma- 
 chis, &c, enter the lake. The centre of 
 the lake is 68 miles above Quebec, and 
 205 N E of Kingfton^ at the mouthjt)f 
 Lake Oiitarif. 
 
 PiHt'i 
 
f E T 
 
 PET 
 
 J^Jers M' untaln^ in Pcmifylvania, lies 
 *n SufciueUaniiali River, between Halifax 
 and Harrifburg, in Dauphin county. 
 
 Peter s^ St. a river on the coaft of Lab- 
 rador, about 4 le-igues from the iiland of 
 Belifle, in the ftraits of that name. 
 
 Peter, St. and St. Paul^ a river at the 
 bottom of the gulf of Campeachy. Its 
 branches form an ifland called Tabafco. 
 The bar at the mouth of the caftern branch 
 adniits fmali velFels. At flood there is 
 From %\ to 3 fathoms water, and very 
 good anchorage within the bar. 
 
 Peters, St. a parifli cf S. Carolina, in 
 Beaufort diftriiSl. 
 
 Peter s, St. a river of Lou 1 liana ^ one of 
 the northweftcra branches of Millllippi 
 River, which it joins in lat. about 45 6 
 N, and long. 94 2?/ W. — N. B. For other 
 places named Peter or Peter's, fee Plerrs. 
 
 Petersy a townllilp of Franklin co. Penn- 
 fylvania, having 7,749 inhabitPints. 
 
 Peter her ough, a poll town in Hillfbor- 
 ough CO. N. Hampfiiire. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1760, and contains 1,333 inhab- 
 itants. It is 73 miles W by S of Portf- 
 mouth, 18 wefterly of Amherfl, 16 E of 
 Keene. In this town are the mofl: valua- 
 ble grifl: mills, faw mills, oil mills, paper 
 mills and clothiers' mills in the State. 
 
 Pcteijlurg, a townfliip of New York, in 
 RenlTclaer co. E of the village of Troy, 
 incorporated in 1 793. It has 4,Z'^% in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Petetfourgy a poft town of Pcnnfylvania, 
 M\ York CO. a miles N of the Maryland 
 line. It contains a Roman Catholic 
 church, and about 80 houfes. It is 25 
 miles S W of Yorktown, 59 N of Wafli- 
 ington, and 113 W by S of Philadelphia. 
 
 Peterjbiirgy a fmall town of Kentucky, 
 fituated in Woodford co. on the E fide of 
 Kentucky River, 19 miles W S W of 
 Lexington, and 15 S S E of Frankfort. 
 It has a tobacco ware houfe, and a few 
 dwelling houfes. 
 
 Pcteijlurg, a poft town cf Virginia, and 
 « place of confiderable trade, in Dinwid- 
 dle CO. on the S E bank of Appamatox 
 River, juft below the falls, about 25 miles 
 S of Richmond. It contains about 400 
 houfes, irregularly built, an epifcopal 
 church, court houfe and gaol. The Free 
 Mafon's hall is a handfome building ; 
 there are feyeral tobacco ware houl'es, 
 ftorcs of dry goods, and fome few neat 
 and commodious dwelling houfes. This 
 town is a corporation, and comprehends I 
 thevillageof Blandford,in Prince George's 
 f.% and l*«whatan ia Chesterfield co. on 
 
 the oppcfite fide of the river. It contain- 
 ed in 1790, 2,8a8 inhabitants, including 
 1,265 H'lvcs. The fituation of the towu 
 is low and rather unhealthy. From the 
 iufpccSlor's books it appears, that on aa 
 average for the 10 years preceding 1796, 
 the quantity received here has confider- 
 ably exceeded 20,coo hhds. per anrium ; 
 and for the laft three years the quantity 
 of flour made in this town and within au 
 hundred yards of it, has exceeded 38,000 
 barrels ; at other mills within a few milc» 
 i6,ooo barrels per annum ; to this add 
 the flour made at the feveral country 
 mills, and brought to this place for falc, 
 the v.'hole quantity may fafely be ftated 
 to exceed 60,000 barrels per annum. 
 The whole exports of this town, valued 
 at the ufual peace prices, amount to 
 Ij389,300 dolls, befides the value of peach 
 and apple brandy, whiikcy, &c. not in- 
 cluded. The Indian princefs, Pocahon- 
 tas, the daughter of king Powhatan, froiti 
 whom dcfcended the Randolph and Bow- 
 ling families, formerly rcfided at this 
 place. It is 80 miles W by N of Norfolk, 
 159 S by W of Alexandria, and 303 S W 
 by S of Philadelphia. N lat. 37 14, W 
 long. 78 8. 
 
 Peterjhurgy a very flourifliing poft town 
 of Georgia, in Elbert co. in a pleafant 
 and healthful fituation, on the point of 
 land formed by the conftuencc of Broad 
 with Savannah River. Several refpetSla^ 
 ble merchants are fettled in this town. It 
 is 15 m.iles from Elherton, 20 N by E of 
 Wailiington, 50 alnive Augufta, 73 N of 
 Louifvilie, and 836 from Philadelphia, 
 N lat. 33 46, W long. 8r 32. 
 
 Pdcrjham, a pleafant poft town in Wor- 
 ccfter CO. Maflachufetts, formerly called 
 by the Indians Nichewaug ; 28 miles N 
 W of Worcefter, and 66 W of Bofton, 
 Swift River, a branch of Chickapee Riv- 
 er, pafles through this town. The foil is 
 rich, axid here are large and excellent 
 orchards. Inhabitants 1794. 
 
 Petit Anfey a village on the N fide o^ 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, 2^- leagues S 
 of Cape Francois. 
 
 Pttit Coat, a poft 8 or 9 miles up the 
 Miirouri, where is a fmall garrifou^nd, 
 a circumjacent militia of about 80. 
 
 PetiteoJiai, a river which falls into zn 
 arm of the Bay of Fundy, called Cheg- 
 necco Channel. The Indians have a 
 communication from the head of it with 
 St. John's River, by a portage acrols to 
 the head of Kcnnebecfiui. 
 
 Pitii- Gar/re, or the Liftk IVhlr'pool, ia 
 Mitfijlppi 
 
PET 
 
 P H I 
 
 MifliGppi River, i» 31 miles from Fort 
 Rofaiie, and 4 miles from Bayouk Pierre, 
 or Stony River. 
 
 Frt>t-G/iaves, or Goave, a jurifilic^ion, 
 town, and bay, on the N cbaft of the S. 
 ptninrula of the iiland of St. Domingo, 
 and near the head of the Bay or Bite of 
 Leogaae. l*he jurifdicSlion contains five 
 pariihes, and is the unhealthiefl place in 
 the colcpy, the inhabitants l)cing con- 
 ilrttitly fubjevSt to fevers' occafioned by 
 the hadnefs of the waters. Us d<;ptn- 
 dencies, liowever, art healthy, and are 
 xeniHrkablc for the culture of cofiTcc. Its 
 exports from January 1, 1789, to Decem- 
 ber 31, of thefartxe year, where 2j.c^6 lb. 
 wliite fugar — 655,187 lb. brown fugar — 
 207,865 lb. cofFcc — 50,053 11). cottoii, and 
 aio lb. indigo. Tke value of duties on 
 exportation of the above, was 4^127 dol- 
 lars 97 cents. The town lies on the E 
 fide of the bay, 2^ leagues weftward of 
 Grand Guave, and 14;^ W by S of Port- 
 au-Prince. N lat. 18 *7, W long, froni 
 Paris 75 14. Some writers call the great 
 bay, which is commonly called the Bay, 
 Bight, or Bite of Leogvine, by the name 
 of Petit Guaves. 
 
 I'i^tit Fort, on the W fide of Newfound- 
 land Ifland towards the S end, is about sh 
 leagues N of Cape Ray, and one S of An- 
 guille Cape. N lat. 47 jz 30, W long. 
 
 59 15- 
 
 F^tit Forty on the coaft of Peru, other- 
 wife called Fottefe, or Little Fort, lies a 
 fliort way N of the equator, and about 5 
 leagues S'e within the bay fio n Cape 
 Francis to Cape PalTado on the S by W. 
 There U ancliorage in 5 fathoms, and 
 plenty of frefli water near the head land, 
 which is high. It is necefTary tu found, 
 en account of the fand-banks, called the 
 Forfetes. 
 
 Fc'tit Terre IJland, near Defeada, Weft- 
 Indies. N lat. 16 14, W long. 6f ii. 
 
 Fet'ite Rivierct a fmal! town in the 
 French part of the ifland of St. Domingo, 
 clofe to the Spanifli divifion line j| leagues 
 N by N W of Varcttes, and feparated 
 from it by the river Artibonite ; ten 
 Jea^ies E by N of St. Marc, and as far 
 N W of Alirebalais. N lat. 19 8. 
 
 F.'tiL Trcu, is on the N fide of the S 
 peninfula of St. Domingo, on the point ot 
 land which forms the E fide of the en- 
 irauce into the Bay of Baradaircs ; 4,\ 
 It^gucii W of Anft a Veau, and 19 E of 
 Jerrmie. 
 
 Ftttt Trouy a fmall cove on the S fide 
 Qi the iiland of St. Domingo, S by W 
 
 of the mouth of Neyl">e River, and aLoot 
 5 leagues N E of Beate Ifland, Small 
 barks come to tliis place from St. Ddmin- 
 go city, to fetch the meat, lard, and fowli 
 derived from tlie chafe. 
 
 Fettquottino^ a river of the State of Ohio, 
 which empties into Lake Erie, from the 
 S, near Huror. River. 
 
 Feyton/hu:-y, the chief town cf Halifax 
 CO. Virginia, having a court .lioufe tnd 5 
 or 6 other houfcs, three of which are or- 
 dinaries or taverns. Here is a poft office. 
 
 FhelpSy a townfliip in Ontario co. New- 
 York, N of Geneva, on Canandarqus 
 Creek. It has 1,097 inhabitants. The 
 village of Lyons Is in this townfliip, whicfe 
 fee, 
 
 Fbiladelphia, a town{hip in Rutland CO. 
 Vermont, 15 miles E of Orwell, having 
 123 inhabitants, 
 
 Fhiladelph'ta^ a populous and hlghfy cul- 
 tivated CO. of Pennfyivania, hounded W 
 by Delaware co. N W by Montgomery ; 
 N E by Poquafui Creek, whicli feparates 
 it from Buck's co. and S and S E by the 
 river Delaware, which divides it from the 
 State of New Jerfey. It contains about 
 89,600 acres, and is divided into iS town- 
 fhips, and contains 81,009 inhabitants. 
 On the banks of Scliuylkill, in this co. is 
 an excellent quarry of marble, from which 
 the flonc-cutters of Philadelphia are fup- 
 plied. 
 
 Fhlladtlphlay the metropolis of PennfyU 
 vania, is iituated in the county to which 
 it gives name, on thev.xllern bank of the 
 river Delaware, which is here a mile 
 broad. It lies in lat. 39 56 54 N, and long. 
 75 8 45 W from London ; diftant about 
 no miles from the Atlantic Ocean, by 
 the courfc of the bay and river, and 
 about K,$ or 60 in a S E direcTlion. A 
 74 gun fliip can come up to this city ; 
 fleops go "ifS miles farther to Tren- 
 tou ; and boats that carry 8 or 9 tons can 
 go 100 miles farther up the Delaware. 
 It was laid out by William Peun, tlie firft 
 proprietary and founder of the province, 
 in the year 1683, and fettled by a colony 
 from England, which arrived in that and 
 the preceding years, and was increafecl 
 by a conftant and regular iuilux of for- 
 eigners, to fo great a de;'/ee, that in lefs 
 than a century, and within the life ti.-ne of 
 the firft perfon born within it of European 
 parents, it was computed to contain 6,coo 
 houfes, and 40,000 inhabitants, in the 
 city and fuburbs. The ground plot of 
 the city is an oblong fquare, about one 
 mile N and S and two E and W, lying in 
 
 the 
 
P H I 
 
 P H I 
 
 I he narrowcO, part of the i^lilimus between 
 the Delaware dnd Schuylkill rivers, about 
 ^ miles in a right line above their con- 
 tluence. In the heginainy; of this fet- 
 ilenient, it was expcft'd that the 
 fronts oa both rivers would h^- firft im- 
 proved ixn the convenience of trade and 
 n,ivif;atio!i, and that the buildings would 
 extend gradually in the rear of each, un- 
 til they would meet and form one town, 
 <.x-tendiiig from E to W. But it was fooa 
 found that the Delaware front was alone 
 fulTioieat for quays and iunding places 
 Tlie buildings now occupy a foice not 
 
 and in the moll extended part do not 
 reach a mile from the Delaware. The 
 city is interfeeled by a great number of 
 ftreets, crofllng each other at right an jIcs. 
 Of theft there were originally 9, .whicli 
 extended from the Delaware to the 
 Schuylkill ; thefe were crofTed by 2^, run- 
 ning N and S. The E and W ftretts, ex- 
 cept High ftreet, are named after the 
 trees firit found by the colony on tiieir 
 arrival in the country, viz. Vine, SalTafras. 
 Alutberry, Chefnut, Walnut, Spruce, Pine, 
 and Cedar; which lafl is the fouthern ' 
 boundary of the city. The ftreets run- | 
 ning N and S receive their names from j 
 their numerical order, beginning at Dela- ] 
 ware River; Front is i^»/?, then Second^ j 
 and fo on to Thirteenth ftreet, whence the j 
 numerical order ceafes from Delaware jj 
 front, and begins at Schuylkill in the j 
 f:<me.order,as Firft, Second, &c. to Eiglith j 
 ftreet, between which and Thirteenth ! 
 ftreet, is Broad frreet, fo n^med fro>n its I 
 being the widcft in the city. Tiie num- 
 ber of fquares in the original plan was 
 184; but as fevcral of the fquares have 
 lately been interfetftcd by new (Iceets, 
 their number now smount-s to 304 ; and 
 feveral of thefe are again interfet^led by 
 lanes and alleys. Broad flreet is 113 feet 
 wide; High ftreet 100 ; Mulberry, 60; 
 andthe other ftreets in the original plan 
 50 feet wide. Moft of the city is v/ell 
 paved with neat foot paths of brick, fur- 
 niflied with common (ewers and gutters; 
 fo that the ftreets are, in general, kept very 
 clean and neat. Befides the ftreets al- 
 ready mentioned, there are feveral others 
 not laid down in the original plan, as 
 Water, Dock, Cherry, Penn, Prune, <Scc. 
 Water ftreet is only 30 feet wide, and ex- 
 tends from the Northern Liberties acrofs 
 the Dock, to Pine ftreet, ptrallel to ihe 
 courfe of the Delaware, and between it 
 and Front ftrcct. The (pace occupied 
 Vor. I. Ill 
 
 ! by it was intended, in the original plan, 
 ' to ferve only as a cart way to accommo- 
 date the wharves and ftores, fo that the 
 river Paould be open to the view from 
 Front ftreet. It is now built with lofty 
 houfes (except a very few vacancies here 
 and there) tiiroughont the whole front, 
 Sind commodious wharves are extended 
 into the river, at wliich the la'-geft fliips 
 chat ufe the port can lie in fafety, to re- 
 ceive and dtfcharge thxir cargoes,; and 
 are defended from the ice, m winter, by 
 the piers, made of logs, extending into 
 t!ie river, funk with ftone, and filled with 
 earth, fo as to br; equiily firm with the 
 m-iin land. Dock ftreet was formerly a 
 fwan^p, with a fmall ftream running 
 through the middle of it. It is from yo 
 to 100 feet wide, and winds northweft- 
 ward in a Terpentine track, 'through fev- 
 cral ftreets. It is planted on each lids 
 with a row of I.ombardy poplars, and 
 promifes to be one of the pleafanteft ftreets 
 in the city. No lefs than 6&i lamps of 
 two branches each, difpofed at conveni- 
 ent diftances, in all parts of the city, are 
 lighted every night, and are eftimated 10 
 confume annually, nearly 9,000 gallons 
 of oil.. The houfes in the city and fub- 
 urbs, are generally of brick, three ftories % 
 high, in a plain neat ftyle, without much 
 difplay of ornament. The general height 
 of the ground on which the city ftands, is 
 nearly 40 feet above the Delaware' ; but 
 fomc of the ftreets are coniiderably lower, 
 particularly Water ftreet ; feveral ftores 
 in which, have fometinics received much 
 damage when the river happened to hs 
 raifed by a high flood, and a ftrong S E 
 wind. Here are vj places for public 
 vvpriliip, viz. 5 for Friend:* or Quakers, 6 
 for the Prcfoytcria'.is and Seceders, 3 for 
 Epifcopab'ans, .3 for Roman Catholics, 1 
 for German Lutherans, z for MethodiftB, 
 I for German Calvinifts, r for Swedifh 
 lAitheranSj which istheoldcftchurch in the 
 city, 1 for the Moravians, I for Baptifts, 
 I for Africans, and a Jewiila fynagogue. 
 The firft Prefbyterian church is finitlied 
 with a degree of elegance that v/onld do 
 honour to any city in Europe. The roof 
 is fnpported in front by 6 pil'ars, finiflied 
 in the Corinthian ord:^- ; but as it ftands 
 in an ohfcure place, on the S fide of Mar- 
 ket ftreet, it is feeii to difadvantage. The 
 German Lutheran church, which was 
 built not many years fmce, was unfortu- 
 nately burnt in the winter of 1795. The 
 new building is io8 ^tici by 48 ; and is 
 one of the handfomeft churches in the U 
 
 State 
 
p H i 
 
 PHI 
 
 States. Mr. D. Tanebergcr, a member 
 of the Society of the United Brethren, 
 at Letiz, a man of txtraordinary mechan- 
 ical genius, completed Hiid ereclcd a large 
 organ for this church, but it received 
 much injury when tlie roof and infide of 
 the I'uilding were confumed, before the 
 pipes could be difcngaged. Clirift Church 
 ilands on the W fide of Second ftrcet, be- 
 tween High and Mulberry ftreets. It is 
 an old Gothic ftrudture, and is ornament- 
 ed with a handfome Aeeple, aiid furnifli- 
 ed with a chinu' of belis. The Epitcopal 
 churches are furniflied each with an or- 
 gan, as are the GermKn, and two of the 
 Roman Catholic churches. The African 
 church is a large, neat building. It is 
 fupplied with a negro clergyman, who 
 has been lately ordiiincd by the bifliop. 
 They areofthe Epifcopalian order. The 
 ©ther public buildings are a Prtfbyterian 
 church in Arch ftrect, at the corner of 
 Mulberry and Third fl:reet,a State houfe 
 and offices, a city court houfes, a county 
 «ourt houfe, an univerfity, the philofoph- 
 ka! fociety's hall, a public library, an 
 jbofpital, difpcnfaty,an almshoufe, a gaol, 
 3 incorporated banks, 2 dramatic thea- 
 tres, a medical theatre, a labarat»ry, an 
 amphitheatre, 3 brick market houfes, and 
 one which is to be ereifled in Front ftreet, 
 in the Northern Liberties, a fifli market, 
 2 houfe of corredkion, and a powder mag- 
 azine which contains often upwards of 
 50,000 quarter caiks of gunpowder. Two 
 fieam engine houfes have lately been 
 crecfled for fupplying the city with whclc- 
 fome water from the Schuylkill. One of 
 thcfe is a handfome marble building, the 
 bafe of which is fquare, and the fuper- 
 ftrudlurc circular. It (lands in the cen- 
 tre of High and Broad flreets, exa(5lly up- 
 on the point of interfcdtion, and is fwr- 
 rounded by a large circular inclofure, 
 -which is platted with trees. This build- 
 ing commands a view of High ftreet in its 
 whole extent from river to river, and is 
 itfelf a handfome obje<Sl, su feen from va- 
 rious parts of the city. The Hate houfe 
 ftands on the S fide of Chefnut ftreet, be- 
 tween Fifth and Sixth ftrects, and was 
 cre<5led about the year 17J3 ; and, con- 
 Udering the infancy of the colony, the ar- 
 chitc^ure is much admired. The ftate 
 houfe garden occupies a whole fquare ; 
 It is a imail neat place, ornamented with 
 feveral rows of trees and gravel walks, 
 •nd inclofedby a high brick wall on three 
 •fidcfi, and the ftate houfe, &c. on the other. 
 FoiWrftfifild, formerly a public btirying 
 
 ground, is how converted into a pubtic 
 walk, and planted with rows of Lombar-* 
 dy poplars on each fide. When the tree* 
 are grown, and the ground levelled, it 
 will be one of the moft plcafant prome- 
 nades in the vicinity. In the N E corner 
 of the yard, adjoining the left wing of the 
 ftatc houfe, is the town hall or new court 
 houfe ; S of which is the philofophical 
 hall. Mr. Peal keeps his niuicum, bj^ 
 fpeeial pcrmiifion of the legiilature, hi 
 the body of the ftate houfe. It is the 
 largcft collccftion of natural curiofities 
 that is to be found in America. In it arc 
 400 fpecies of birds, A'me living animals, 
 &c. Oppofite the philofophical hall n 
 the Philadelphia library ; thefe add much 
 to the beauty and grandeur of the fquare. 
 The Pliiladelphia library originated with 
 Dr. Franklin, and vras incorporated in 
 174a, iince which tinie the colledlion of 
 bonks has been greatly augmented. At 
 prcfent, it contains upwards of 22,000. 
 volumes, befides a niufeum and a valua- 
 ble philofophical apparatus. It is open 
 every day in the week, except Sunday ; 
 and any perfon who has an inclination 
 or tafte for reading, may here indulge or 
 improve either to great advantage. The 
 library is furnifbed with tables and feats ; 
 and a ftranger, withcmt any introdudlion, 
 may call for any book he wants, and fit 
 down and perufe it as long as he pleafca. 
 Thofc who prefer their chambers to read 
 in, may receive books out of the library, 
 by leaving a dcpoflt, as fecurity for the 
 return of them, and paying a moderate 
 fura for the ufe of them. The proprie- 
 tors amount to £everal hundreds, and 
 each fubfcriber pays ten fliillings annu- 
 ally, for defraying expenfes and making 
 new additions. To the library is annex- 
 ed a rare and valuable colledlion of books,. 
 the bequeft of James Ix)gan, Efq. to the 
 public. The building belonging to the- 
 Library Company is remarkably elegant, 
 and has a fine appearance. In front ©f 
 the building, in a niche over the door, is 
 a handfome ft ^tue of Dr. Franklin, the do- 
 nation of William Bingham, Efq. to the 
 company. It is of white marble, was ex- 
 ecuted in Italy, and is faid to have coft 
 ;^500. The public gaol ftands in the 
 next fquare, S of the flate houfe yard. It 
 is a hollow fquare, 100 feet in front, 
 built of ftone, three ftorics high. All the 
 apartments are arched with ftone, as a 
 prccaiiticm againft fire ; and it is the lar- 
 gcft, ftrongeft, and neatcft building of the 
 kind in the United State*. To the gaoi 
 
PHI 
 
 f H I 
 
 h antvcxcd a \vork hnuPr, with yards to 
 keep the fcxes apart, and criminals from 
 iIk: debtors. There arc alfo apartments 
 lately added for the Tolltary confinement 
 r.f criminals. 'Ihe whole is iccurely inclof- 
 f d by ftouc walls. I'hc market hcufe in 
 High ftrcet, is perhaps exceeded by none 
 m the world, in the abundance, neatncls 
 a.nd variety of provirtons, which arc ex- 
 p>.>fed for fale every Wcdnefd<iy and Sat- 
 urday. Butchers' meat and vegetables 
 may be had any other day, except Sun- 
 day. It extends from Front to Fourth 
 ftreet, and is fupportcd by 300 pillars. 
 On the W fide of Second ftrcct, a little 
 above Walnut ftreet is, the new bank of 
 Pennfylvania, lately erc<^led under the 
 Aiperintendancc of Mr. Latrobc. It is 
 a large and remarkably neat and elegant 
 jiiarble edifice of the lonick order, built 
 Kfter the model of the ancient temple of 
 Minerva in Greece. The caftern and 
 weftern fronts are adorned with two lofty 
 colonnades of folid marble. The new the- 
 atre in Chefnut ftreet, near the ftatc houfc, 
 U large and convenient. It was finiflicd 
 in 1793. Further W, is a fpacious build- 
 ing, in tended for the accommodation of the 
 Prefident oi the U. States, but fmce the re- 
 moval of the feat of governmcntjit has beeu 
 purchafed by the Univerfity of Pennfyl- 
 vania. This feminary was formed by the 
 union of two literary inftitutions, which 
 had prcvioufly exifted a conliderabic time 
 in Philadelphia, one dcfignated by the 
 above name ; the other, by that of the 
 college, academy and charitable fchools 
 of Philadelphia. They now conftitute a 
 refpedlable fcminary,ineorporated in 17 91. 
 The philol'ophical apparatus, which was 
 before very complete, has been lately in- 
 treafed to the value of fereral hundred 
 4M)und8. The funds of the univerfity pro- 
 duce annually a revenue of about jC^'^^i- 
 The aggJ"cg?.tc number of ftudents, in the 
 fcveral fchools, is, on an average, about 
 5I-C. And the number ufually admitted 
 to degrees in each year, about 25. The 
 Friend?;* acaden y and Young Ladies' 
 academy are alio refpeclable and ufeful 
 eilablifliments. The chief literary and 
 humane focictics arc the American phi- 
 lofophical fociety ; the college of phyfi- 
 cians ; the fociety for promoting political 
 inquiries ; the Pennfylvania hofpital ; the 
 Phiiadelphia dilpenfary ; the Pennfylva- 
 nia fociety for the abolition of flavery ; 
 the fociety for alleviating the miferies of 
 ^nifons; the Pennfylvania fociety for the 
 •iicourao;euKHt of iruou£ii<5turc3 and ufe- 
 
 Fal arts; the Philadelphia fociety fbrjlht, 
 information and afliftancc of immigrariti. 
 and trv'o other ft>cieiies of the fame kind ; 
 one for the relief of German, and anoth- 
 er for the relief of Irifli immigrants; and 
 an humane, an tigricultural, marine, and 
 various charitable focieties. Here is a 
 Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Ma- 
 fons,and 8 luboidinate lodges. Few cities 
 in the world, of the fame population and 
 riches as Philadelphia, are better provi- 
 ded with ufcful inftitutions, both public 
 and private. There are alfo a fufficient 
 number of academies for the inftrutSlion of 
 both fexes. Almoft every religious foci- 
 ety has one or more fchools under its im- 
 mediate dire(i\ion, where children belong- 
 ing to the fociety arc taught to read and 
 write, and are furnifhcd with books and 
 ftationary articles. In the city and fub- 
 urbs are 10 ropcwalks which manufac- 
 ture about 800 tons of hemp annually — ij 
 breweries, which arc faid to confume 
 50,000 buflicU of barley yearly — 6 fugar 
 houfes— 7 hair powder manufaclories in 
 and about town — a rum diftillerics, and 
 I rectifying diftillery — 3 card manufac- 
 tories. The other manufadiories are, 15 
 for earthen ware — 6 for chocolate — 4 for 
 muftard — 3 for cut nails, and one for pa- 
 tent nails — I for fteel — i for aqua fortif 
 —one for fal ammoniac zad glauber falt» 
 — I for oil colours — n for bruflies — a 
 for buttons — one for Morocco leather, 
 and one for parchment ; befidesgun ma- 
 kers, copper fmiths, hatters, tin plate 
 workers, coach makers, cabinet makers, 
 and a variety of others. The public mint, 
 at which the national money is coined, is 
 in this city. The great number of paper 
 mills in the State enable the printers t» 
 carry on their bufmefs more cxtenfively 
 than is done in any other place in Amer- 
 ica. There are 31 printing ofHces in tlii* 
 city ; 5 of which publifli each a daily- 
 gazette ; a others publifh gazettes twice 
 a week ; one of thefe is in the French 
 language; befides 4 weekly papers, one 
 of which is in the German language. 
 The other offices are employed in print- 
 ing books, pamphlets, &c. The catalogue 
 of books for fale in this city, contains up- 
 wards of 300 fets of Philadclphiaeditions, 
 befides a greater variety of maps and 
 charts than is to be found any where clfc 
 in America. The pleafure carriages with- 
 in the city and liberties, according to enu- 
 meration, are as follow, viz. two wheeled 
 carriages, S53y I'glit waggons, 80, coaches, 
 I j7 , piUaecom, Z2, chariots, :iSt ^Qd coach- 
 
P H I 
 
 r H I 
 
 CCS, 33; the whole amounting to 307 foiir- 
 wheeicd carriages. The roads are good> 
 and becoming better ; ftagc coaches per- 
 form the journey from this cicy to Lan- 
 Caflcr in II hours, on the new turnpike 
 road ; the diftance is 58 miJes. This city 
 is governed by a mayor, recorder, 15 al- 
 dermen, and 30 coniuion council nien ; 
 according to its prefent charter, graured 
 in the year 1789. The mayor, record<:r, 
 8 aldermen, and i6 common council men 
 make a quorum to tr.-'nlac^ bufinefs ; vhey 
 have full power to conflitute and ord.^ib 
 laws and ordinances for the governing of 
 the city; the mayor, recorder, and alder- 
 men are juftices of the pe.Tce, and juftices 
 of oyer and terminer. They hold a court 
 four times a year, to take cognizance of 
 all crimes stnd mifdemeanors commiffed 
 within the city ; two aldermen, appointed 
 by the mayor and recorder, hold a court 
 on the forenoon of Monday and Thutf- 
 day of every week, to judge of all matters 
 which are cognizable before a juflicc of 
 the peace. The trade of Pcnnfylvania is 
 principally carried on from this city, and 
 there are few commercial ports in the 
 world, where fhips from Philadelphia 
 may not be found in fomc feafon of the 
 year. The number of veflels which en- 
 tered this port in 1786, was '910; in '87, 
 870 ; in '88, 851 ; in '93, i,4i4jof t( hich 
 477 were fliips ; in '05, r,6'zc, viz, fliips, 
 158; barks and fnows, 26; brigs, 450; 
 fchooners,5o6; floops, 480. Clearances, 
 1,789. It is not mentioned how many of 
 thefe were coafling veflcls. The number 
 of veiTels built in 1795, was 31, of whicii 
 23 were fliips and brigs. In the year '92, 
 Philadelphia fhipped 420,000 barrels of 
 flour and middlings; in 1794, 300,751. 
 The value of the exports from the State 
 in the year ending Stpt. 30, 1791, was 
 3,436,09a dolls. 58 cents ; '9a, 3,820,662 
 dolls. ; '93, 6,958,836 D. ; '94, 6,643,09/ 
 D.; '95,11,518,260!). The ficknefs in 
 the autumn of 1793, and the embargo in 
 the fpring following, interrupted the com- 
 merce of Philadelphia for nearly "five 
 months. The exifting war has occalionc d 
 fome extraordinary articles in the expor- 
 tation of late ; coffee, &c. have been car- 
 ried to Philadelphia, and from thence to 
 Hamburg, as neutral ports The envi- 
 rons of the city are very pleafant, and 
 finely cultivated. In the northward are 
 Kenfington, near the fuTmrbs on Dela- 
 ware, noted for {liip building ; German- 
 town, a populous, neat village with 2 
 ©erman churches ; and Frankfort, anoth- 
 
 er pretty village, both within 7 miles, bo- 
 lides many country i»:ats. In the fouth i& 
 Darby, a fmall, pleafant borough, above 
 7 milts didant ; and on Schuylkill, 4 miles 
 f"oni the city,' the botanical garden of 
 Mc flrs. Bartrams. In the W, on the fame 
 river, \ 8 acres of ground havf been lately 
 deftined fi>r a public botanical garden. 
 According to a liflpublillied of the births 
 and deaths in the ieveral religious forii- 
 ties of Philadelphia, it appears th,Tt from 
 Auguil I, 179a, to Auguft I, 1793, the 
 births amounted to 2,51 i, and the deaths 
 to 1,497- In the year 1793, Philadelphia 
 was vifitt^d with a fevere fcourge, the 
 yellow fever, which raged with uncom- 
 mon violence -for above 3 months, and in 
 tliac fiiort <pace (wept off neatly 5,000 
 inhabitant's. The humane efforts of a 
 committee of health, appointed by the 
 citizens, were highly inffrumental in di- 
 minifliing the calamity. A few weeks 
 alter this diforder ceafcd to rage, the trade 
 of the city was reftored in a manner in- 
 credible to any but eye witneflls. It i* 
 an honourable proof of the hutnane at- 
 tention paid to the prifoners in this city, 
 that of 4,c6o debtors, and 4,000 crimin- 
 als, who were confined in Philadelphia 
 gaol between the 28th of Sept. 1780, and 
 ■ the 5th of Stpt. 1790, only tuvelve died a 
 natural death. In 1794, there were-9,oco 
 houfes in this city, and 400 v hich 
 were building. The UHniber of inhabi- 
 tants within the city in i8oo,.w^as 41,220. 
 The fubui bs and county contained 39,7 89. 
 Of all theie only 85 were in Ihn'eiy. 
 Philadelphia is ^2^ milts S W of Palla- 
 maquoddy, the tafternmoft part of the 
 fea co.lft of the United States; 347 S W 
 of Bofton ; 222 S W of Hartford ; 95 S 
 W of New York; tea N E of Baltimore ; 
 144.N E of Wafliington, and 925 N V. by 
 N of Savannah in Georgia. See Ftn*}fyl- 
 vanrp, for an account of feveral other 
 particulars relating to this city. 
 
 Philips a large ifland in Lake Superior, 
 in the United States, the fame as Phihp- 
 pcaux ; whicji fee. 
 
 Philip s^ Si. 2 parifli of Charleflon dif- 
 ridt, South Carolina. 
 
 Philips St. a fort which commands the 
 entrance of Mararihao harbour, on the 
 coaft of Brazil. 
 
 Philips St. a point within the harbour 
 of Port Royal, South Carolina. ' 
 
 Philippeaux JJle, in the S W of I,ake Su- 
 perior, U. Canada, lies to the fouthward 
 of Ide Royal, and between it and Kiaoaa 
 Point, on the S fhore. > 
 
 Pltlipptau^ 
 
p I e 
 
 p I c 
 
 Fhilippem^ a bay on the Nfliore of the 
 Ciulf ot St. Lawrence, near tht- Straits of 
 Belifle, and partly formed by illands 
 which projed: S on its E part, and extend 
 towards the W. The £ part of the bay 
 lies in !at. 51 ao N, and long. $$ 40 W. 
 
 Fhilippina, a fmall town of the province 
 of Gnatimala, in New Spain, on a bay of 
 the North jPacific Ocean. N lat la 50, 
 W long. 91 30. . 
 
 Philipjlurg, a town of New Jerfey, in 
 Sufl'cx CO. on the E bank of the Delaware, 
 oppolite Eafton in Pennfylvania. It is 
 41 miics N W of 'iVcnton. 
 
 Philipfburg^ or Pbilipjhivn, a townfhip in 
 Dutcheis co. N. York, on the E fide of Hud- 
 Ion River, 19 milts above New York, near 
 the S end of Tappan Bay. It contains 
 ■3,754 inhabitants. In this towniliip is a 
 filver mine, which yields virgin hlver. 
 
 Philips^ Academy. See Andi-uer and Ex' 
 iter. 
 
 Philapolis^ a fettlcmcnt in Lnzerne co. 
 Pennfylvania, i £ or 14 miles W of Mount 
 Ararat, and at the head of the wcftern 
 branch of Tunkhanock Creek, about 45 
 miles S E of Athens, or Tioga Point. N 
 lat. 41 40, W long. 75 33. 
 
 Piankatunk^ a Imall river of Virginia, 
 which empties E into Chefiapeak Bay, op- 
 polite Gwin's lliand. It is navigable 8 
 miles for fmall craft. I 
 
 Piankajhatvsy or Pyankijhaa^ Vermilions ! 
 and Mafcnntins^ are tribes of Indians in 
 tiie Indiana Territory, who refidc on the 
 Waballi and its branches, and lihnpis 
 River. Thefe with the Kiclapoos, Muf- 
 qjuitons .and Ouiatatiens ^ could together fur- 1 
 nifli about 1000 warriors, 30 years ago. ; 
 
 Piara, on the coaft of S. America, lies \ 
 I j or 14 lepgues from Payta, in lat. 7 N, ' 
 and is the firll town of any note. A riv- \ 
 cr which v.-aflies it, fails into the bay of 
 Chiroper ; but as it abounds with llioals, 1 
 it is little frequented. 
 
 Pic, River du, empties into Lake Supe- 
 rior, in lat. 48 36 II, and long. 89 41 6. 
 The Grand Portage is in lat. 48 416. 
 
 Pic de rEtail, le, or Pic de i^A/verdi, as it 
 is named in Eouganville's map, a fmall 
 high irtand, tliape d like a Iugar-!oaf, ly- 
 irrg alittje to the northv/ard, and in fight 
 of Aurora Ifland ; difcovered by the fore- 
 named navigator in May, 1768. 
 
 Pica, a harbour on the coaft of Peru, 
 where there is high and fteep land ; la 
 leagues N of Lora River, and 5 S of Ta- 
 rap ica, or as it is called by Britifh fca- 
 nien, Carapoucha. 
 
 Picura, a large province of S. America, 
 
 in New-Gcanada ; bounded on tht E ly 
 the Andes. 
 
 Picati'fe, Indian towns in the Indiana 
 Territory, on Great Miami River, 75 
 miles from its mouth, where it is oniv 30 
 yards broad, although navigable for load- 
 ed batteaux 50 miles higher. 
 
 Pukenfville, in Pendleton co. S. Caroli- 
 na. Here is a poll uliice 591 miles from. 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Picketing, a county of the Miiiifippi 
 territory, containing 2940 inhabitants, bf, 
 whom 738 are Haves. "^ 
 
 PiiieriMg Toivrjlip, in the E riding of 
 the CO. or York, U. 0»nada, is betwee.a 
 Whitby and Scdi borough, and fronts Lake 
 Ontarici. I'he river Nen runs into Ldke 
 Ontario through this townihip. Here 
 is an excellent falmon and fturgeon lilLc- 
 ry, at a river called Duftrn's Creek, which 
 is generally open, juul large enough to 
 receive boats at molt feafons of the year. 
 Smytli. 
 
 Picket fgilf s Co've, is within Chrilhnas 
 Sound, on the S coaft of Terra del Fuc- 
 go, at the S extremity of S. America. 
 
 PickcrfgiW% Jjlar.d., is off Cape Difap- 
 pointment, in S. Georgia, in the 3. ^Vtlai;- 
 tic Ocean. S lat. 54 42, W long. 36 58. 
 
 Pickerfville^ tile chief town of Waih- 
 iiigton diftrie^, in S. Carolina.. It con- 
 tainij a court houfc, jaol, 8 or Ki houies, 
 and a diftiliery. It is 771 miles fioni 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Picolota, a fort, on the rivsr St. John, in 
 E.Florida, 27 miles from ::)C. Augulriue^ 
 and 3 from Poopoa Fort. 
 
 Picolei Point, mu the N fide of the ill- 
 and of St. Domingo, forn^s the W Ixvua-, 
 dary of the bay which fets up to C.Vi.>c 
 Francois. In time of war, ihips hjivc 
 often been taken under the cannon 01 ^, 
 Pieolet. 
 
 Picofa, or P//i7/a, mountains on the" 
 coaft of Peru, wliich ftrve to direct nui - 
 iners. They are high hills w^ithin land, 
 extending about 7 leagues, between C"- 
 lanchc River, and Salango lliand \ and 
 lie S of the equator. 
 
 Pic. Pi-niere au, in U. Canada, empties 
 into Lake Superior, on the N lidc, W cf 
 Beaver Creek. On this river dwell ma- 
 ny Indians, called by other natiun.s, •' i he 
 Men of the Land." 
 
 ■ Piciouy a fmail ille, river, bay, and fcL- 
 tlement, in the N £ part of NovarScoiiaj 
 and on the S fide of -the Straits of Norllj- 
 ujmberland, at the S extremity, of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence. The ifland lies in 
 the iiarroweft.pigr^; of the ftrait, a litUf 
 
 wav 
 
P I £ 
 
 P I L 
 
 way N W of the iriouth of the river of its 
 iiam€ ; 8 miles S of Eeat Cove in the ill- 
 ind of St. John's, and 58 E of the mouth 
 of Bsy Verte. The bay or harbour of 
 this name feems to be of confiderable ex- 
 tent. Eaft River, which falls into Picflou 
 harbour, fui>plics the country with coals, 
 from the mines on its banks ; the ftreams 
 of lefs note which empty into the bay, 
 are St. Mary's, AntigoniHi, Liverpool, 
 Turket, Mufquidcboit, and Sillibou Riv- 
 ers. The fettlement of Pitflou is fcrtvle, 
 populous, and increaiing in importance. 
 A good road is cut, cleared, and bridged 
 to Halifax, 68 miles diftant S by W. 
 This ftttlement is now called Tinmouth ; 
 which fee. 
 
 Pietces JJland. The main channel of 
 Pifcataqua River, in N. Hampfliire, lies 
 between Pierce's and Seavey's Ifland ; on 
 each of which batteries of cannon were 
 planted, and entrenchments formed in 
 1775. ^^^ ftreamhere is very contradl- 
 cd ; the tide rapid; the water deep, and 
 the flicrc bold and rocky on each fide : 
 fo that in the fevcrcft winters the river 
 is never frozen. 
 
 Fiere^^ an ifland In Illinois River, about 
 47 miles above the Piorias wintering- 
 ground. A Jlccb:, or arrow-ftone is ob- 
 tained by the Indians from a high hill on 
 the W fide of the river, near the above 
 ifland ; with this ftone the natives make 
 their gun-flints, and point their arrows. 
 Above this iiland are rich and fertile 
 meadows, on the E fide of the river, and 
 continue fevcral miles. 
 
 Piermont^ z townfhip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, on the E bank of Connedi- 
 cut River, 6 miles S of Haverhill, and 5 
 N of Orford. It was incorporated iu 
 1 764, and contains 670 inhabitants. 
 
 Pierouaoa>fth,ai\ Indian nation who in- 
 habit the N W banks of Lake St. John, 
 in L. Canada. 
 
 P/errr, St. a fmall dcfcrt ifland near 
 the coaft of Newfoundland, which is (-nly 
 fit for curing and drying iilh. N lat. 46 
 27, W long. S5 57- '^ "^^^^ ceded to the 
 JFrench by the peace of 1763. 
 
 Pitrrf, St. the firft town built in the 
 ifland of Martirico, on a round bay on 
 the W coaft of tlic ifland, 5 leagues S of 
 >"ort Royal. It is a port of entry, the rcfi- 
 dcncc of merchants, and the centre of 
 bufincfs. It has bctn 4 tlmts burnt, yet 
 it contains at prefcn* about a.ooo houfcs. 
 The anchorage ground is along the fea- 
 iidc on the Arind, but is very unhealthy. 
 Another port of the town is feparited 
 
 from it by a river, and the houfes arc 
 built on a low hill, which is called the 
 fort, from a Imall fortrefs which defends 
 the road, which is commodious for load- 
 ing and unloading fliips, and is likewifc 
 caiy of accefs; but in the rainy f'eafim tl^e 
 Ihipping take iTielter at fort 'Royal, the 
 capital of the ifland. 
 
 Pierre, Si. a river in Louifiana which 
 empties into the MifTifippi, from the W, 
 about 10 miles below the Falls of St. An- 
 thony. It palles through a moft delight- 
 ful country, abounding with many of the 
 necelVaries of life, which grow fpontane- 
 oufly. Wild rice is found here in great 
 abundance, trees bending under loads of 
 fruity fuch as plums, grapes, and apples. 
 The meadows are covered vvith hops, and 
 many other vegetables ; while the ground 
 is flored with ufeful roots, as angelica, 
 fpikcnard, and ground-nuts as large as 
 hens' eggs. On its E fide, about 20 mile* 
 
 from its mouth, is a coal-mine. .N". Ji. 
 
 For other places named Pjerue, fee PeUr. 
 
 Pigeon, the name of two S W branchtu 
 of French Broad River, ia Tcnnefl'ec. 
 The mouth of Little Pigeon is about aj 
 miles from the confluence of French 
 Broad with Holfton Rivfr, and about 3 
 below the mouth of Nolachucky. Big 
 Pigeon falls into the French Broad 9 
 miles above Little Pigeon River. They 
 both rife in the Great Iron Mountains. 
 
 P geofi, a hiil on Cape Ann, Maflachu- 
 fett:-. See Agamenticus. 
 
 Pigeon, a fmall ifland, whofe ftrong for- 
 tifications command and lecure fafe and 
 good anchorage in Port Royal Bay, in the 
 ifland of Martinico. 
 
 Pikeland, a townfliip in Chefter co. 
 Ptnniyivania, It has 926 inhabitants. 
 
 Pilaya^ a jurifdi<SHon of La Plata, S. 
 America. Sec Pafpaya, its nioft common 
 name. 
 
 Pildras, St. on thc E fliorc of the Gulf 
 of Campeachy, in the Gulf of Mexico, 
 N lat. 21 4, W long. 90 25' 
 
 Pilgcrrub, or Pilgrim's Reji, was a Mo- 
 ravian fettlemcnt (jf Chrilban Indians, o» 
 the fcite of a forfaken town of the Otta- 
 was ; on the bank of a river, 20 miles N 
 W of Cayahoga, in the State of Ohio, 
 near Lake Erie, and 140 miles N W of 
 Pitifburg. 
 
 Pilgritas Ifland, on the S eaftern fliore 
 of St. Lawrence River, and below the 
 Ifland de Coudres. 
 
 Pillar, Cape, at the W end of the Straits 
 of Magellan, 6 leagues N of Cape Defca- 
 da. S lat. 5 » 45, W long. 7640- 
 
 ^ Filot 
 
P I N 
 
 P I O 
 
 Pilot Mountain,^ or Ararat. See Surry 
 County, N. Carolina. 
 
 jPiloto, or Salinas del Filoto, upright crag- 
 gy rocks on the W coaft of Mexico, S E 
 of Cape Corientes, where there is good 
 anchorage, and flicker from N W and W 
 ;ind S W winds. There are fait- pits near 
 this place. 
 
 JPiht-Toivriy in Suflex co. Delaware, lies 
 near the mouth of Cool Spring Creek, 
 which falls into Delaware Bdy, near 
 I.cwiftown, and 6 miles N W of Cape 
 Kenlopen. 
 
 FrTTunt, Fott a, a village on the »> W 
 coaft of the S peninfula of the illand of 
 St. Domingo, 4^ leagues N W of Les Co- 
 reaux, between which are two coves af- 
 fording ;.n:horage ; that nearcftCoteaux, 
 is C3ll^;d -Anfe a Damaflin. Port Piment 
 is nearly eight leagues E by S of Tiburon. 
 
 Fifias IJland, on the co<^ft of the Gulf of 
 Honduras, is utuated ofF Trivigillo Bay. 
 
 Pinas Point, the eaftern point of Pana- 
 ma Bay. N lat. 6 15, W long. 80 30. 
 The port of this name is on the fame S 
 W coaft of the Ifthmus of Darien, near 
 the point; li leagues N by W of Port 
 <)nemada, and 7 from Cape Garachina. 
 The coaft, all the way fouthxvard, to Cape 
 C^orienres, abounds with pine trees ; hence 
 the name. 
 
 Pinchina, one of the Cordilleras in S. 
 America. M. Baugier found the cold of 
 this mountain, immediately under the 
 equator, to extend from 7 to 9 degrees 
 under the freezing point every morning 
 before fun-rife. 
 
 Pinckney^ au iftand on the coaft of S, 
 Carolina. 
 
 Pinclney, formerly a diftridt of the up- 
 per country of S. Carolina, now divided 
 into the diftricfts of York, Chtfter, Union, 
 and Spartanburgh ; which fee ; and for 
 the number of inhabitants fee S. Carolina. 
 
 Pinckneyville, a poft town of S. Caroli- 
 na, and capital of Union diftrit^, on the 
 6 "W fide of Broad River, at the mouth 
 of Pacolet. It contains a handfomc court 
 houfe, a gaol, and a few cumpaCl houfes. 
 k is 75 miles N W of Columbia, 56 from 
 Lincolntown, in N. Carolina, and 716 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Pine, Cape, on the S coaft of the Hland 
 of Newfoundland, is about eight leagues 
 W of Cape Race. N lat. 46 4 z, W loug. 
 5320. 
 
 PiiteCreek,\i\ Northumberland co.Penn- 
 fylvania, a water of the W branch of Suf- 
 quehannah River. Its mom h is about 1 2 
 4til«» wcftwaid of Lycomiog Creek, and 
 
 40 N W Of the town of Northumljcrland, 
 Pities, a fmall ifhnd on the N conft of 
 Terra Firma, S. America, about 4 i league* 
 E of Porto Bcllo, and forms a good har- 
 bour, with two other fmall ifl^nds, and 
 the main land. N lat. 9 la, W long. 8& 
 15. The River of Pines is 5 miles Ironx 
 the above named harbour, and 27 eaft- 
 erly of Allabrolies River. Its mouth ha» 
 6 feet water, but within there is 3 fath- 
 oms a confiderable way up. 
 
 Pines, Pinez, or Pinas, 9 fmall uninhab- 
 ited ifland, feparatcd from the S \V part 
 of the ifland of Cuba, by a deep ftrait. 
 It is about 25 miles long, and 15 broad, 
 and aflfords good pafturage. It is 6 leagues 
 
 from the main, but the channel is i 
 
 mi pa 
 
 f. 
 
 fable, by reafon of flioals and rocks. N 
 lat. 21 30, W long. 83 25. 
 
 Pitinamaquctn, a fmall ftream in Wafli- 
 ington CO. Maine. This ftrcanv gives its 
 name to a new fettlement. 
 
 Pintatd's Sound, on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, fets up in an eaftern diredlion, 
 having in it many fmall iflands. Its 
 mouth extends from Cape Scott, on tlui 
 fouthcrn fide, in lat. 50 56, and long. 128 
 57 W to Point Difappointment, in lat. 
 52 5, and long. 128 50 W. It cemmunl- 
 cates with the Straits de Fuca : and thus 
 the lands on both fides of Nootka Sound, 
 from Cape Scott to Berkley's Sound, (op- 
 pofite Cape Flattery, on the eaftern fide 
 of the Straits de Fuca) are called by Capt. 
 Ingraham, Quadras Ifles. 
 
 Pintcbluco River, a large branch of the 
 Chata Uche, the upper part of Appala- 
 chicola River. 
 
 Piorias Port and Village, Qldy in the N. 
 W. Territory, on the weftern Ihore of 
 Illinois River, and at the fouthern end of 
 Illinois Lake ; 210 miles from Miflifippi 
 Rivtr, aud 30 below the Craws Meadows 
 River. The fummit on which the fllock- 
 adcd fort ftood, commands a fine prof- 
 ped; of the country to the eaftward, and 
 up the lake, to the point where the river 
 comes in at the N end ; to the weftward 
 are l<»rge meadows. In the lake (which 
 is only a dilatation of the river, 19^ miles 
 in length, and 3 in breadth) is great plen- 
 ty of fifli, and in particular, fturgeon and 
 picannau. The country weftward is lovr 
 and very level, and full of fwamps, fome 
 a mile wide, bordered with fine meadows, 
 and in fome pL?ces the high land comes 
 tc the river in points, or narrow necks. 
 Here is abundance of cherry, plum, and 
 other fruit trees. The Indians at the 
 treatv Oa" Crccnviilc, in 1795. ceded ro 
 
 the: 
 
P I s 
 
 P I T 
 
 the Uxiltcd States a tracl of 12 mlics j 
 fquare at this fort. N lat. 40 ^^y W long. ■ 
 91 la 30. 
 
 Piorias IVinterincf G-owff^, a tra(5lof land ! 
 in the Indiana Territory, on the S E fide j 
 of Illinois River, about 40 miles above, ! 
 and N E of the Great Cave, on the Milli- j 
 lippi, oppofite the mouth of the MifTouri, j 
 and 27 below the Ifland of St. Pierre, j 
 About a quarter of a mile from the river, | 
 on the eaflern (ide of it, is a meadow of 
 many miles long, and 5 or 6 broad. In j 
 this meadow are many fmall lakes, com- 
 municating with each other, and by which ' 
 there are paffages for fmall boats or ca- j 
 noes ; and one 1 earls to the Illinois River, j 
 
 Piorias, an Indian nation of the Indiana j 
 Territory, who, with the Mitchigamias, i 
 could fui nilli 300 warriors, 30 years ago, 
 I'hey inhabit near the fcttlements in the ; 
 Illinois country. A tribe of this name 
 inhabit a village on the MifnUppi, a mile , 
 above Fort Chartres. It could furnifli, ' 
 about the fame period, 170 warriors of 
 the Piorias and Mitchigamias. They ; 
 arc idle and debauched. ! 
 
 Piraugy, a river of Brazil, S. America, i 
 S S E of Rio Grande 2nd Point Negro. ; I 
 
 Pifca, a handfome town in the audi- i| 
 cnce of Lima in Peru, with a good bar- j 
 hour and fpacious road. The country \ j 
 round it is fertile, and it fends to the |! 
 neighbouring fettlements quantities of ; i 
 fruit and wine. It formerly ftood a quar- j I 
 ter of a league farther to the S,but being ii 
 deftroyed by an earthquake, in i68i, it '; 
 was removed to its preftnt fituation, [ 
 about half a mile from the fea. It is 140 I| 
 miles S of Lima. S ht. 14, W long. 73 2,5- ■ \ 
 
 P'lfcadores^ or Fifjirrs, two great rocks 1 
 on the coafl: of Peru, in lat. 1648 S, near ;; 
 the broken gap between Attico andi: 
 Ocona. 
 
 Prfradorfs, rocks abore the town of Cal- 
 lao, in Peru, 5 leagues N N W of Callao 
 Port. They are 6 in number ; tli? larg- 
 eft is weft of the port of Ancon de Rhodas, i ! 
 and 3 leagues S E of Chaucai Port. jl 
 
 Pifca'-^qua. See Paf-aioqu't. j 
 
 Pifcaiuqua Head. See York County, Maine. I ' 
 
 Plfcataqua^ the ancient nime of lands 
 in Maine, fuppofed to comprehend the 
 lands in Kittcry and Berwick. 
 
 Pifcataiva^yTi townfliip of N. Jerfey, in 
 Middlefcx co. on Rariton River, 6 miles 
 from its mouth. It luid, in 1790, 7.,?.6i 
 inhabitants. It is 2>-y miles N E of ISIew 
 Brunfwick, and 14 S W of Elizabeth- 
 Town. 
 
 Pifcatazaay^ a firiall nofl town o fPriitce 
 
 George's co, Maryland, on the creek of 
 its name which runs W into Patow- 
 mac River, oppofite Mount Vernon in 
 Virginia, and 14 miles S of Wafliington, 
 The town is t6 miles S Wof Upper Marl- 
 borough, 16 N of Port Tobacco, and 67 
 S W by S of Baltimore. 
 
 Pifco, a noted harbour on the coaft of 
 Peru, in the province of Los Reyes, fix 
 leagues from the port of Chinca; Lorin 
 Chinca lying half way between them. 
 The road is fafe and capacious enough 
 to hold the navy of Spain. The town is 
 inhabited by about 300 families, moft of 
 them meftizoes, nuilattoes, and negroes ; 
 the whites being much the fmalltfl: num- 
 ber. It has 3 churches, and a chapel for 
 Indians ; lies about half a mile from the 
 fea, and 123 miles S of Lima. The ruins 
 of the ancient town of Pifca, are ftill vifi- 
 ble, extending from the fea (liore to the 
 New town. It was deftroyed by an earth- 
 quake and inundation, on Oct 19th, 1680. 
 The fea, at that time, retired half a league, 
 and returned with fuch fury, that it j)ver- 
 flowed almoft as much land beyond its 
 bounds. S lat. i^, 36, W long. 76 15. 
 
 Pifs-Pot, a bay on the S llhore of the 
 Straits q^f Magellan, in the Long Reach, 
 8 leagues W by N of Cape Notch. S lat. 
 S:^ r4, W long. 75 12. 
 
 Pijlolet, a large bay at the N point of 
 Newfoundland, fetting up from the Strait'* 
 of Beiide. Its weftern fide is formed by 
 Cape Normaij, and its eafteni point by- 
 Burnt Cape ; 3 leagues apart. 
 
 Piuairns JJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 is 6 or 7 miles in length, and 1 in breadth. 
 It has neither river nor harbour; but has 
 feme mountains which may be feen 15 
 leagues off to the S E. All the S fide is 
 lined with rocks. S lat. 25 4, W long. 
 \ll 21. The variation of the needle off 
 this illand, in 1767, was 2 46 E. 
 
 Plton Pointy Crreat.xX^t S W point of the 
 ifiand of St. Luirfa, in the W. Indies, and 
 the moft wcfterly point of the illand. It 
 is on a peninfula, the northern part of 
 which is called Point Chimatchin. 
 
 Pitty a county in Newbcrn diftridl:, N. 
 Carolina, bciunded N E by Beaufort, and 
 S W by Glafgow. It contains 8,910 in- 
 habitants, including 2,792 flaves. Chief 
 town, Greenville. 
 
 Pitty /'or/, formerly Fortdu ^efuc. See 
 
 Pltrjlvrcr. 
 
 Pitfjlororgb, or Piftfourg, the capital of 
 Chatham co. N. Carolina, is fituated on a 
 t itiog ground, and contains a court honfe, 
 gaolj and about 40 ov jO houfes. The 
 
 count- V 
 
P I T 
 
 P I T 
 
 ccuntry in its environs is rich and well 
 cultivated ; and is much reforted to from 
 the maritime parts of the State in the 
 fickly months. The Hickory Moun- 
 tain is not far diftant, and the air and 
 water here are as pure as any iii the 
 ^rorld. It is a6 miles S W of Hillfhor- 
 ough, 36 W of Raleigh, and 54 N W of 
 Fayetteville. 
 
 P'ltijhurgy a pofl: town of Penhfylvania, 
 the capital of Alleghany co. fituated on a 
 beautiful plain running to a point. The 
 Alleghany, which is a beautiful clear 
 ftream, on the N, and the Monongahela, 
 which is a muddy ftream, on the S, unit- 
 ing below where Fort du Quefne flood, 
 form the majeftic Ohio ; which is there a 
 quarter of a mile wide; I,t88 miles from 
 its confluence with the Miffifippi, and 500 
 above Limeftone, in Kentucky. This 
 town was laid out on Pena's plan, in the 
 year 1765, on the eaftern bank of the 
 Monongahela, about aoo yards from Fort 
 <iu Qnefne, which was taken from the 
 French, by the Britifli, in 1760, and who 
 changed it* name to Fort Pitt, in honour 
 of the late Earl of Chatham. It contains 
 between 200 and 300 houfes, a gaol, court- 
 Iioulb, Prefbyterian church, a church for 
 German Lutherans, an academy, % brev/- 
 cries, and a diftillery. It has been lately 
 foi-tified, and a party of troops ftationed 
 in it. I'he hills on the Monongahela fide 
 are very high, extend down the Ohio, and 
 abound with coals. Before the revolu- 
 tion, one of thefe coal hills, it is faid, took 
 fire and continued burnin<f 8 years ; when 
 it was eifet'iluaUy extinguiflied by part of 
 the hill giving way and filling up the cra- 
 ter. On the back fide of the town, from 
 Grant's Hill, (lb called from his army's 
 being here cut to pieces by the Indians) 
 there is a beautiful profpcd: of the two 
 rivers, wafting along their feparate flream.s 
 till they meet and join at the point of the 
 town. On every fide, hills covered with 
 trees, appear to add fimplicity and beauty 
 to the fcene. At the diftance of 100 miles 
 up the Alleghany is a fmall creek, which, 
 in fome places, boils or bubbles forth, 
 like the waters of Hell Gate, in N. York 
 State, from which proceeds an oily fub- 
 ftance, deemed by the people of this coun- 
 try, Angularly beneficial, and an infallible 
 cure for weaknefs in the ftomach, for 
 rheumatic pains, for fore breafls in wo- 
 men, bruifcs, &c. The oil is gathered by 
 the country people and Indians, who boil 
 it, and bring it to Pittfburg for fale ; and 
 there is fcarcely a fmgle inhabitant who 
 Vol.. I. K K k 
 
 does not polTefs a bottle of it, and 19 able 
 to recount its many virtues, and its many 
 cures. The navigation of the Ohio, in a 
 dry feafon, is rather troublefome from 
 Pittfburg to the Mingo Toxvrty about 75 
 miles; but from thence to the Miflifippi 
 there is always water enough for birges 
 carrying from 100 to 2.00 tons burden, 
 fuch as are ufed on the river Thames, be- 
 tween London and Oxford, viz. from ico 
 to 1 20 feet keel, 16 to 18 In breadth, four 
 feet in d^rpth, and v/hen loaded, drawing 
 about 3 feet water. During the feafoix 
 of the floods in the fpring, veflcls of lOO 
 or 'j,oo tons burden may go from I'ittf- 
 burg to the fea with fafety, in 16 or 17 
 days, although the diftance is upwards of 
 2,000 miles. It is 178 miles W by N of 
 Carlille ; 303 in the fame diredlion from 
 Philadelphia, N lat./.o 3144, W long. 
 808. 
 
 Piifjhurv Toivnfijpy in Frontinac co. U. 
 Canada, adjoins to Kingfton, hence weft- 
 ward it opens into Lake Ontario. 
 
 PlttsficlJ, a plcafant port town of Maf- 
 fachufetts, in Berkfliire co. 6 miles N of 
 Lenox, 58 "VV of Northampton, 140 W of 
 Bofton, and 40 N E of Albany. This 
 townfliip, and thofe N and S of it, on the 
 banks of Ho'ofatonic River, are in a rich 
 vale, from r to 7 miles wide. It was in- 
 corporated in 1761, and contains 2,261 
 inhabitants. The place of wor(l:iip is a 
 very handfome edifice, v.-ith a bell and 
 cupola, from whi:h there is a charming 
 profpecft. 
 
 Fittsjirld, a townfliip of Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampfhirc, incorporated in 1782, 
 and contains 987 inhabitants. It was 
 taken from Chichefler, on Suncook River, 
 N E of Concord. 
 
 FitisfidJ, the northeaflernmon: town- 
 fliip of Rutland co. Vermont, containing 
 164 inhabitants. It has Chittenden S W', 
 and Philadelphia N W. 
 
 PittsfclJy a town in Otfego co. N. York, 
 iz miles W S W of Cooper flown. 
 
 Pittsford, a townlliip of Rutland CO, 
 Vermont, having 1,413 inhabitants. 
 
 PHfs Grove, a village in Salem co. New 
 Jerfey. 
 
 Pittqtiottinvy an Indian fcttlement in the 
 State of Ohio, at the mouth of Kurou 
 River, which empties into Lake Erie. 
 
 Pitt's IJland, on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, lies near the main laid, abour 
 half way from Dixon's Entrance to Pfince 
 William's Sound, and becv.eea Crofs 
 Sound and Port Banks. 
 
 Piitj'^ro'-'/ei la Salem co. New Jerfey. 
 
FLA 
 
 L A 
 
 Here Is a port office, 171 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Phtf.cn, a poft town, Kenncbfck co. 
 IMain^ on Kennebeck River, 5 miles be- 
 low Hallovvell Hook, 22 N by W of Wif- 
 caflet, 70 N by E of Portland, 187 N by 
 E of Boflon, and 547 from Philadelphia. 
 It contains 1,408 inhabitants. Tlie wcfl:- 
 ern part called Cebcfey or Cob^Jfee, has an 
 Epifcopal churchj with an annual income 
 of 28 guineas, given by Dr. Gardiner for 
 the iupport of an epifcopal minifter. The 
 W part of this town is called Catdinsr, 
 incorporated in 1803. 
 
 Pittjloivn, a port town of Hunterdon co. 
 N. Jerfey, on the W head waters of Rar- 
 iton River, 10 miles E by N of Alexan- 
 dria on Delaware River, 32 N of Trenton, 
 and 58 N N E of Philadelphia. 
 
 Pittfo'cvn, a townfliip of RenfTelaer co. 
 N. York, bounded S by Renlfelaerwyck 
 and Stephcntown, and N by Schadlcoke 
 and Cambridge, It contains 3,483 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 i*/«/'o'zf«, a poll town in Luzerns co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Pittfyl'uania^ a county of Virginia, be- 
 tween the Blue Ridge, and the tide wa- 
 ters; bounded S by N- Carolina, and N 
 by Campbell co. ft contains 12,697 in- 
 habitants. At the court houfe is a poft 
 office, 300 mile* from Wafliington. 
 
 Piura^ the capital of a jurifdidlion of 
 the fame name in Peru,, and was the firft 
 Spanilli fettlement in that country ; 
 founded in 1531, by Don Francilco Pi- 
 zarro, who alfo built the firft church in 
 it. It contains about 1,500 inhabitants. 
 I'he houfes arc generally of one ftory, 
 built of unburnt bricks, or of a kind of 
 cane, called quincas. THe climate is hot 
 and dry. S lat. 5 i-r-, W long. 80 5. ' 
 
 Placentia Bay, on the S COaft of Ncw- 
 foundlandjopens between Chapeau- Rouge 
 Point W, and Cape St. Mary's on the E 
 15^ leagues apart ; lying between lat. 46 
 So 30, and 47 54 N, and between long. 54 
 I, and 55 21 30 W, It is very fpacious, 
 has fevcral iflands towards its head, and 
 forois a good harbour for fliips ; and is 
 frequented by fuch veflels as are bound 
 cither into the gulf or river of St. Law- 
 rence. The port town which gives name 
 to the bay is on the eaftern fliore ; 67 
 leagues to the E of the ifland of Cape 
 JBrcton ; 40 milts W by S of St. John's, 
 s.^d in hit. 47 15 N, and long. 55 13 W. 
 The harbour is lb very capacious, that 
 150 f,iil of rtiip.i may lie in fccurity, and 
 «?iii', f.iii .!: quietly as in any river. The 
 
 entrance into it Is i)y a narrow ckannal :, 
 which will admit but one ftiip at a time. 
 Sixty fail of fhips can conveniently dry 
 their iilli on the Great Strand, iviiich lies 
 between z ftcep hills, and is about 3 miles 
 long. One of the hills is feparated frora 
 the ftrand, by a fmall brook which runs 
 oxitofthe channel,,and forms a fort of 
 lake, called the Little Bay, in which are 
 caught great quantities of falmon. The 
 inhabitants dry their fiih on what ia call- 
 ed the Tittle Strand. The French hac( 
 formerly a fort called St. Louis, fituated 
 on a ridge of dangerous locks, which 
 contracts the entrance into the harbour. 
 This ridge niuft bg left on the ftarboard, 
 going in. 
 
 Plain dii- Nor J, a town on the N fide of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, at theS E cor- 
 ner of Bay de TAcul, and on the road 
 from Cape Francois to Port de Paix, five 
 leagues W by S of the Cape, and 13 S E 
 by E of Port de Paix. 
 
 Plahifuld., formerly St. AndrtnvsyA town- 
 fliip in Caledonia co. Vermont, 100 miles 
 N E from Bennington. It contains ajjS 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Pluhifiddy a townfhip of Hampflnre co. 
 MalTachufetts. It was incorporated in 
 1785, and contains 79,7 inhabitants, xiz, 
 miles W of Bofton. 
 
 Plainjieid^ a townfliip Iri Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, has 1,157 inhabitant*. 
 
 Plaiiifield, a townfliip in the N W cor- 
 ner of Chefliirc co. N. Hampfliire, on tiie 
 E bank of Connetiticut River, which fep- 
 arates it from Hartland in Vermont. It 
 was incorporated in 1.761,, and contains 
 1,435 inhabitants. 
 
 Plainfeld, a poft town in the S E pr>rt 
 of Windham co. Conne<£licut, on the eaft 
 fide of Qninabaug River, which divides 
 it from Brooklyn and Canterbury. It i* 
 in general a rich foil, under good cultiva- 
 tion, well watered by the Qninabaug and 
 Moofup Rivers,, and many brooks and 
 rivulets. It has % congregational meeting- 
 houfcs, an academy, with three handfome 
 buildings appropriated to its ufc. The 
 town was fettled. ia 1689, principally by 
 people from Chelmsford in MafTachufetts . 
 It is 14 miles N E from Norwich, 30 W 
 from Providence, 40 E from Hartford, 14 
 E from Windham, 414 N E from Wafli- 
 ington, and contains 1,619 inhabitants. 
 The marks of an Indian burying place 
 are vifible a few rods N E from the prtl- 
 ent burying ground. 
 
 Plulfancd, a town on the middle of the 
 neck of the N peninfula of St, Domingo ; 
 
P L A 
 
 P L A 
 
 i-x U agufs S W of Cape Francois, and 7 
 N of I^es Gonavcs. 
 
 Flaintain Garden Rlver^ at the E end of 
 tlie idand of Jamaica, and N by \V of 
 Point Morant. I'herc is a kind of bay 
 at its mouth ; and on it, within land, is 
 the town of Bath. 
 
 PlaJIoiv, (M- Plaijlo^ji^ 3 tov/nfliip in the 
 S E part of Rockingham co. New Flamp- 
 fliire, i'eparatcd from Haverhill in Mafla- 
 chufetts, (of which it was formerly a 
 part) by the fouthern State line. It was 
 incorporated in 1749, and contains 459 
 inhabitants; i£ or 14 miles S W of Exe- 
 ter. 
 
 Plata Cays or Keys^ a large fandbarrk 
 from 10 to 14 leagues N of the N coafl; 
 of the ifiand of St. Domingo. It is nearly 
 J o leagues in length, at W by N, and from 
 'i. .to6 miles in breadth. I'he E end is 
 nearly due N of Old Cape Francois. 
 
 Plata^ an illand on tke coaft of Quito, 
 in Peru, 4 or 5 leagues W N W from Cape 
 St. Lorenzo, and in lat. i 10 S. It is 4 
 miles long and-i^ broad, and afFords lit- 
 tle elfe than grafs and I'mall trees. The 
 anchoring places are on the eafl.fide near 
 the middle of the ifland. 
 
 Plata^ River de la, is one of the largeft 
 rivers on this globe, and falls into the S. 
 Atlantic Ocean between Capes St. An- 
 thony fouthward, and St. Mary on the 
 northward, which ate about 150 miles 
 apart. It acquires this name after the 
 juncflion of the Parana and Paraguay, 
 and Itparates JBrazil from the -Defer t 
 Coaft. Its navigation, although very 
 cxtenfive, is rather dangerous, on ac- 
 count of the number of fandy iflands and 
 rocks in its channel, which are perhaps 
 difficult toavoid. by reafon of the currents 
 and different fets of the tide, which they 
 produce. 'For thefc and other xeafons, 
 Ihips feldom enter this river, nnlefs urged 
 by nectflity ; efpecially as there are many 
 hays, harbour*, and parto on the coafl: 
 vvhere vefTtls can find good and fafe an- 
 chorage. The water is fwcet, clears the 
 kings, and is faid to be a Specific againfl: 
 rheums and deSusions ; but is of a petri- 
 fying quality. See Paraguay , for a more 
 particular account. Cape St. Anthony 
 is in lat. 36 3a S, and long. 36 34 W. 
 
 Plata, a city of Peru, in S. America, in 
 the province of Charcas, built in 1539. 
 It flands on a fmall plain, environed l)y 
 eminences, which defend it from all 
 winds. The air in fummer is very mild; 
 nor is there any ronfiderable difference 
 ivhrou^hcut the year, except in the winter 
 
 months, viz. May, June, and July, when 
 tempcfts pf thunder and lightning and 
 rain are frequent ; but all the other parts 
 of tlie year the air is ferene. The houfes 
 have delightful gardens planted with Eu- 
 ropean fruit trees, but water is very 
 fcarct in the city. It has a large and ele- 
 gant catliedral, adorned with paintings 
 and gildings, a church for Indians, nn 
 hofpital, and -2, nunneries ; and contains 
 about 14,000 inliabitants. Here are alfo 
 an univerfity and 2 colleges, in which 
 lectures on all the fcienccs are read. In 
 its vicinity are mines of fdver in the 
 mountain of Porco ; which have been 
 negle(5led fmce thofe of Potofi were dif- 
 covered. It is feattd on the river of Chim- 
 do, 500 miics S E of Cufco. S lat. 1916, 
 W long. 63 40. The jurifdidtion of this 
 name is coo Icagu-es in leaigt.h, and loo 
 in breadth, extending on each lide of the 
 famous river La Plata. In winter the 
 nights are cold, but thedays mijderatelv 
 warm. The frofl: is neither violent nor 
 lafting, and the i"rio;v« arc very iuconGd- 
 erable. 
 
 Plate, Msrte de^ a mountainous fettle- 
 ment near the centre of the ifland •f St. 
 Domingo, towards its eaflcrn extremity, 
 15 leagues N of the mouth of Macoriz 
 River, and 16 to the N E of the city of 
 St. Domingo. It was formerly a flourilli- 
 ing place, and called a city ; but the whole 
 parifli does not now contain above 600 
 fouls. Two leagues N E of it \i the 
 wretched fettlcmcnt of Boya, to wliich 
 the cacique Henri retired, with thefinail 
 remnant of Indians, when the cruelties of 
 the Spaniard?, in the reign of Charles V. 
 had driven him to a revolt. There does 
 not now exift one pure defcendant of 
 their race. 
 
 Plate, Point, tliC N po.nt of tlie entrance 
 into Port Dauphin, on the E coafl of the 
 Ifland of Cape Breton. 
 
 Plate, Port de, on the N coafl: of St. Do- 
 mingo, is overlooked l)y a white moun- 
 tain, and lies z^ leagues W of Old Cape 
 Francois. It has 3 f<ithoms water at its 
 enti-ance, but diminjllies within ; and is 
 but an indifferent harbour. The bottom 
 is in fome parts fliarp rocks, capable of 
 cutting the cables. A veffel muftjon enter- 
 ing, keep very clofe to the point of the 
 breaker, neartheeaftern fort; when in, flic 
 anchors in the middle of the port. 'Jhc 
 carton of Port de Plate al)our.ds in mine? 
 of gold, lilver and copper. There are al- 
 fo mines of plafl:er. It is unhealthy, from 
 the cuftom which the inhabitants have' 
 
P L E 
 
 P L U 
 
 of drinking the water of a ravin. It has 
 a handfomc church and about Z>500 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Piijie, Forme, La, a town on the S fide 
 of the N pcninfula of St. Domingo, 13 
 leagues S E by S of tlit Mole. N lat 19 
 36, W long, from Paris, 75 4c. 
 
 P/afte, or Skalloiv River, a weftern 
 branch of the Miflouri,remarkal)le for its 
 quickfa'.ids and bad navigalion. On this 
 river, near its confluence with the Mif- 
 fouri, dwells the nation of the Oilolailos, 
 commonly called Otcs, confiding of about 
 ceo vvarriors, among whom are %s or 30 
 of the Millhuries, who took refuge among 
 them about the year 1778. Jifferfoiu 
 
 Platte, La, a iVnall river of Vermont 
 which falls into Lake Champlain at Shel- 
 burne. 
 
 Piatfoym, a bay on the N coafl of the 
 ifland of Jamaica. 
 
 Platijhurgh, a pofb town in Clinton co. 
 New York, on the W margin of L. Cham- 
 plain, about 300 miles Nof N. York city, 
 and nearly that diftance S of Quebec. 
 From the S part of the town the moun- 
 tains trend away wide from the lake, and 
 leave a charming trat^ of excellent land, 
 of a ricli loam, well watered, and about 
 an equal proportion fuitable for meadow 
 and for tillage. The land rifes in a gen- 
 tle alccnt for feveral miles from the lake, 
 of which every farm will have a delightful 
 vicv/. Here are a houfe for public wor- 
 Ihjp, a court houfe and gaol. The court 
 of common pleas and general feflions of 
 the peace fit here twice a year; tliey 
 have artizans of almofl: every kind among 
 them, and furnifh among themfelves all 
 the materials for building, glafs excepted. 
 Polite circles may here be found, and the 
 genteel traveller may be entertained with 
 the luxuries of a fea-port, a tune on the 
 harpfjchord, and a philofbphicf.l conver- 
 sation. It contains 1,400 inhabitants. 
 
 Play Green, or Pufcacogan, in U. Canada, 
 lies near the N fliore of Winnipeg Lake, 
 in lat. $}, S7>^ and long. 97 54. 
 
 Phafant Point, a N E head land in 
 Merry Meeting Bay, Lincoln co. Maine. 
 
 Phafant Point, a fertile and pleal'antly 
 fituated point of land, on the weftern 
 bank of the PaiTamaquoddy River, about 
 15 miles from the mouth of the river, 
 and 4 above Moofc Ifland. On this point 
 refide the rem.ains of the PafTamaquoddy 
 tribe of Indians, confifling of about 400 in 
 number, and thought to be on tlie decline. 
 They have a Roman Catholic Priefl, who 
 adoiiuiflers the ordinarices, and lately a 
 
 refpeiftable meeting houfe, with a bell, 
 has been eredled, at the expenfe of the 
 State. They are entirely unacquainted 
 with the arts of agriculture, their employ- 
 ment in the fummer being that of fiiliing, 
 and fliooting porpoifes, whofe oil they 
 cxlradl, and fell to the Americans for the 
 ufe of lamps, and in winter that of hunt- 
 ing. They have feme ideas of moral ob- 
 ligation, though not remarkable for their 
 honefty or fidelity, and appear to be in- 
 clined rather to adopt the vicious than 
 the virtuous examples of their civilized 
 neighbours. The women are graceful 
 and delicate in their manners, and modefl 
 in their drefs. The men are fuilen and un- 
 fociable. During the revolutionary war, 
 their friendfiup was cultivated by the U. 
 StattSjto which they rendered aconfider- 
 able fervice, by preventing the depreda- 
 tions of the enemy upon our frontiers. 
 
 Plcafant Point, the eaflem boundary of 
 the mouth of Hawk's, or Sandwich River, 
 in the harbour of ChebuiTro. 
 
 Pleafunt River, a fmall village where is 
 a pofl office on the fca coaft of Wafliing- 
 ton CO. Maine, and at the head of Narra- 
 guagus Bay ; 16 miles N E of Goldfbor- 
 ougb, and 32 W by S of Machias. 
 
 Plain River, the northern head water 
 of Illinois River. It interlocks with Chi- 
 cago River, a water of Lake Michigan. 
 Forty miles from its fource is the place 
 Ctdled Hid Ifland ; 26 miles farther it 
 pafles through Dupage Lake ; and 5 miles 
 below the lake, it joins Theakiki River, 
 which comes from the eaflward. Thence 
 the united fiream afiumes the name of Il- 
 linois. The land between thefe branches 
 is rich, and intermixed with fwamps and 
 ponds. 
 
 Pluckemin, a town of fome trade, in 
 Somerfct co. New Jerfey, 28 miles N of 
 Princeton, and about i SSWof Brunfwick. 
 It derived its fingular name from an old 
 Irifliman, noted for his addrci's in taling 
 in people. 
 
 Plue^ or Rainy Lake, lies W by N of L. 
 Superior, and E by S of the Lake of the 
 Woods, in Upper Canada. The Nar- 
 rows are in N lat. - - 
 Fort Lac la Piuc 
 Uland Portage 
 At the Barrier 
 Long. 95 8 30 W. 
 } Plum IJland, on the coafl: of Mafiachu- 
 1 fetts, is about 9 miles long, and half a 
 j mile broad, extending from the entrance 
 j of Ipfwich River S, nearly a N courfe to 
 ' the mouth of Merrimack River, and is 
 ' IVparated 
 
 49 
 
 3 
 
 % 
 
 48 
 
 ZS 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 5t 
 
^ S.; 
 
 PLY 
 
 feparated from the main land by a nar- 
 row found, called Plum llland River, 
 which is fordable in feveral places at low 
 water. It coufifts for the moft part of 
 fand blown into ludicrous heaps, and 
 crowned with bufhcs bearing the beach 
 plum. Thefe heaps of fand are lO, 15 
 and 35 feet high. On examining the 
 ground it appears that formerly the fur- 
 face was very level, but a few teet above 
 the tide, covered with a fliallow, black 
 foil, over a bed of fand. As winds or 
 any other caufe broke the foil, the fand 
 beneath began to be blown, and lodge in 
 the bunches of plum buflics. Thefe ftiug- 
 gling for Ufe, grew and rcfe higher and 
 higher ; and the fand conftantly accumu- 
 lating, produced the prefent appearances. 
 In many places the black foil is now vifible 
 at the bafe of the pile, whence the roots of 
 the buflics at the top proceed. There is a 
 valuable property of fait marfli, and at 
 the S end of the ifland, are a or 3 good 
 farms. On the N end itand the light 
 houfes, and the remains of a wooden fort, 
 built during the war, for the defence of 
 the harbour. On the fea fliore of this 
 ifland, and on Salifbury beach, the Mer- 
 rimack Humane Society have eredied fev- 
 eral fmall houfes, furniflied with fuel and 
 other conveniences, for the relief of mari- 
 ners who may be fiiipwrecked on this 
 coaft. The N end lies in lat. 43 4 N, and 
 long. 70 47 W, See Ncivbury Pott. 
 
 Plumb JJland, on the N E ccaft of Long 
 iHand, in the State of N, York, is annexed 
 to Southhold in Suflield co. It contains 
 about 800 acres, and fupports 7 families. It 
 isfertile,and produces wheat, corn, butter, 
 cheefe, and wool. It is three fourths of 
 a mile from the eaftern point of South- 
 hold. This ifland, with the fandy point 
 of Gardner's Ifland, form the entrance of 
 Gardner's Bay. 
 
 Plumb Pchit, Great, on the S coafl: of 
 the ifland of Jamaica, forms the S E limit 
 of the peninfula of Port Royal, which 
 fiielters the harbour of Kingfton. Little 
 Plumb Point lies weftward of the former, 
 towards the town of Port Royal, on the S 
 fide of the peninfula. 
 
 Plumjicad, a poft town of Pcnnfylvania, 
 fituated on the VV ftde of Delaware River, 
 36 miles N of Philadelphia, and 13. S by 
 \V of Alexandria, in Npw Jerfey. 
 
 Plymouth, ;t maritime county in the eaft- 
 ern part of the State of Maflachafetts, 
 having Mafl~achufetts Bay to the N E, 
 Briflol CO. S W, Barnftable co. S E, and 
 Norfolk CO. N W, It contains 30.073 in- 
 
 P L Y 
 
 habitants, and is fubdivided into 15 tnwn- 
 fliips, of which Plymouth is tiie chief. 
 Within the counties of Piymcu£l\ and 
 Briftol, there were, in 1796, in optration, 
 14 blafl: and 6 air furnaces, ao forges, 7 
 flitting and rolling mills, beiicies a num- 
 ber of trip-hammer fliops, and an ahnolt 
 incredible number of nail-iliops, and ot!:- 
 ers for common fmithcry. 'J'hefe fur- 
 naces, fupplied from the neiglibouring 
 mines, produce annually from 1,500 to 
 1,800 tons of iron ware. The forges, on 
 an average, manufacture more than 1,000 
 tons annually, and the flitting and roll- 
 ing mills at leaft 1,500 tons. The vari- 
 ous manufacSlures of thefe mills have 
 given rife to many other branches in iron 
 and fleel, viz. cut and hammered nails, 
 fpadcs and fliovcls, card teeth, faws, 
 fcythes, metal buttons, cannon balls, bells , 
 fire arms, &c. In thefe counties are alfo 
 manufaiflurcd hand-bellows, corabs,{lieet- 
 iron for the tin manufadlure, wire, liu- 
 feed oil, fuuff, ftone and earthen ware. 
 The iron-works, called the Federal Fur- 
 nace, are 7 miles from Plymouth harbour. 
 Plymouth^thc capital of che above coun- 
 ty, is 42 miles S from Bofton ; a poft town 
 and port of entry ; bounded northerly by 
 Kingfton, and a line extending acrofs the 
 harbour to the Gurnet ; weftcrly by Car- 
 iter ; foutherly by Warebam and Sandivich^ 
 and eafterly by the fea. The townflaip is 
 extenfive, containing more than 80 fquare 
 miles. It is about 16 miles in len5;th, and 
 more than 5 in breadth. The number 
 of inhabitants, by the cenfas of 1791, 
 was 2,995. The 'Toivn, or principal fet- 
 tlemcnt, which contains more than two- 
 thirds of the inhabitants, is on the north- 
 eafterly part of the towniliip, near a 
 ftream called the Toivn Broii, which flows 
 from a large pond, bearing the name of 
 BiUiiigion Sea. One main ftrect crofl'ts the 
 ftream, and is interfc^iled by three crofs 
 ftreets, extending to the fliore : aiidther 
 ftreet runs wcfterly on the north fide of 
 the brook. The town is coiapacflly built, 
 and contains about .ioo dwelling-lioufct, 
 (the greater part of which are on the 
 north lide of the Town Brook) a haud- 
 fome meeting houfe, court houfe, and 
 gaol. There are two precludes ; one in- 
 cludes the town, and the diilrick of Hrbhi* 
 Hole, and Eel River ; the other is at Mon- 
 umt'.-tt Ponds, a village lying about 7 nii!e« 
 S from the town, beyond the iiigh lands 
 of Monument. The foil near the coaft is 
 generally good ; the refidue of the town- 
 rt7ip is barren, and notv, ithftandinir the 
 antii.|nity 
 
PLY 
 
 PLY 
 
 smiquity of the fcttlement, is yet a forcft. 
 The wood is principally pine, thoogh 
 ^here are many tra<£ts covered with oak. 
 The harbour is capacious, but fliallow, 
 and is formed by a long and narrow nf ck 
 of land, called Salthcufe Bcach^ extending 
 fouthcrly from Marflifield, and tcrmiiia- 
 ting at the Gurnet Head, and by a fmaller 
 beach within, running in an opjufite di- 
 rctflion, and connected with tiie main 
 land near Eel River, about 3 miies from 
 the town. There is a light houfe on the 
 Gurnet, and on Salthojtfe Bcacb is placed 
 one of the huts erctfted and maintained 
 by the Humane Society af Maflachufetts, 
 for the reception and relief cjf fhipwreck- 
 cd mariners. There is a breach in the 
 inner beach, which expofcs the IJiipping, 
 even at the wharves, during an taileriy 
 ftorm. 
 
 The principal hufinefs of the town is 
 the cod jl/bery, in which are employed 
 a,ooo tons of fl)ipping, and about 300 
 men annually. There are a few coafting 
 vcffels belonging to the place, and 2 brigs ; 
 nnd 10 or 12 fchooucrt, employed in for- 
 eign trade. Many of the iifliing veffels 
 make voyages to the fouthern States, in 
 the winter feafon. The exports, which, 
 at the commencement of the prefent fed- 
 eral government, were very inconfidcra- 
 ble, not exceeding 8,000 or 9,000 dollars 
 annually, are now rcfpcAable. In 1795, 
 they exceeded 70,000 dollar s,and in 17,96, 
 they amounted to near 130,000 dollars. 
 Formerly the produce of the lifhcry was 
 Icld at Bofton,or Salem ; it is now almofl: 
 %vh()lly exported from the town, andcon- 
 fiderable tjuantities of fifla have been late- 
 ly purchafed at Bofton, and exported 
 from Plymouth. The proceeds of the 
 foreign voyages are generally conveyed 
 to Bofton for a market. 
 
 The ioffes and i'ufFerings of the inhab- 
 itants of Plymouth, during the war for 
 independence, were extreme. Their vef- 
 fels were almoft all captured or left. The 
 men who ufed to be employed in them, 
 vfcrt difperfed in the fea and land fervice, 
 in which many of them loft their lives; 
 a great number of widows and orphans 
 were left deftitute ; bulinefs languiflied ; 
 iioufes, ftores, and wharves went to de- 
 cay, and a general appearance of poverty 
 and deprtflion prevailed. A few years 
 cf peace and good government hai'e re- 
 vtri'cd this melancholy ftate of things. 
 A young, induftrious, and cntcrprizing 
 r^cc of I'eamcn has fucceeded to tliofe 
 Vvho are ponc ; bufincfshiifc revived ; the 
 
 navigation and commerce of the pls^e 
 are more refptdtable than at any former 
 period ; the houfes are in good repair, 
 many new ones are erected, and a fpirit 
 of enterprise ^nd improvement is appar- 
 ent. An acadenjy is contemplated: a 
 vkluable flitting n)ill, and other works, 
 are eredted on the 'Town Brook. A ftage, 
 which goes twice a week to Bofton, is 
 well fupportfd ; and an aquedutft ff)r 
 bningtng frefli water to the hunfcs of the 
 inhabitants is more than half completed. 
 The townfliip abounds wit'h ponds and' 
 ftreams. More than ico ponds apjiear 
 on the map lately taken by a committee 
 of the town, and tranfmitted to the Sec- 
 retary's cfficc. BHlirgton Sea is about 2 
 miles frftm the town, and covers near 300 
 acres. From the ftream flowing from this 
 pond, the aquedudt will be fupplied. 
 Soutb Potid is much larger. Further S is 
 Half IVay Fond and Long Pond. Near 
 Sandwich line is the Greet Herring Pond. 
 To Billington Sea, Halfway Pond, and 
 the Great Herring Pond, alcwivcs refort 
 in their feafon in great abundance. The 
 Great Herring Fond has been contemplat- 
 ed as a refervoir for the projexSed canal 
 acrofs the iflhmus between Buzzard and 
 Barnjlable Bays. Many of the ponds 
 abound with white and red perch, pike, 
 and other frefli water fifli ; and in the 
 numerous brooks which run into the fea 
 in diflcrent parts of the townfhip, are 
 found excellent trout. Thefe ponds and 
 ftreams arc often the fcenes of amufe- 
 ment for parties of both fcxes,iu the fum- 
 nier feafon. 
 
 At the village of Monument Ponds and 
 Eel River, and in fome other parts of the 
 townfliip, many of the inhabitants are 
 farmers. In the '7o7t«, the gardens arc 
 numerous and well cultivated, and when 
 aided by the aqueduct, will be produtSb- 
 ive equal to the wants of the inhabitants. 
 
 The fituation of the town is pleafant 
 and -hcakhful. The eafterly winds of the 
 Spring, however, arc diftrefung to pcr- 
 fons of tender habits, and are uncomfort- 
 able even to the robuft. The market is 
 not regularly fupplied. Fuel, fifli, poul- 
 try, and wild fowl are plentiful and cheap- 
 er, perhaps, than in any other fea- port of 
 the lize. The people are fober, friendly, 
 and induftrious. It is the firft ftttlemei^ 
 in New- England, and is peopled, princi- 
 pally, by the defcendants of the ancient 
 ilock. But few foreigners arc among 
 them. Tiic rocL on winch their foiefath- 
 er? firft Undc«i, vas conveyed, in i7 74-» 
 
 from 
 
PLY 
 
 P O G 
 
 from the fliore to a fquarc in the centre i 
 vi the town. I'hc fentimental traveller 
 will not fail to view it ; and if iie is paff- . 
 fng to Cape Cod, he will pauie a moment 
 at Clampi*<idi"v Pern!,, about ", miles from 
 the town, where the people in ancient 
 days, when travcllino; from the Cape to 
 attend the courts of Plymouth, ufed to 
 (it and regale themfelves with the clams 
 and pudding which .tbey brought with 
 them. A few miles further fouth, on the 
 Time road, are ihtfasrijlje rocks, which are 
 covered with the dry limbs of trees and 
 pine knots, lieaped upon them by the In- 
 dians as tl>ey pafs by, in cbfervance of an 
 ancient ufage^ the origin of which is un- 
 certain. 
 
 The cheapnefs of Kvhig, the plenty of 
 fuel, and the convenient mill-fcats which 
 are to be found in Plymouth, will prob- 
 ably render it, at fome future period, a 
 eonfiderable munufa(5turing town. Do- 
 meflic manufactures are now very gener- 
 al there. Fifliery and foreign commerce 
 at prefent engage almoft all the a<5live 
 •apital of the town ; but the contingen- 
 cies to which they arc expofcd may lead 
 to fome other fources of employment and 
 profit, 
 
 la the three laft quarters of ij<)()r the 
 exports were as fallows : 
 
 Second quarter, 56,143 doUs. 
 
 Third ditto, 36,634 
 
 Fourth ditto, 36,006 
 
 In the iirft quarter of the prefent year, 
 (1797) they amounted only to 11,466 
 dollars. This diminution has been pro- 
 duced by the apprehenfions excited by 
 the depredations of the French on the 
 Gommeree of the United States. 
 
 Plymouth, a town in Litchfield co. Con- 
 aecllcut, containing 17 91 inhabitants, 
 
 Plymouth, a poft, and half fliire town in 
 Grafton co. N. Hampfliirc, at the mouth 
 of Baker's River, on its S fide, where it 
 falls into the river PemigewalTet; 45 
 miles N of Concord, 7 1 N W of Portf- 
 mouth, and 445 N E of Philadelphia. 
 The townlliip was incorporated in 1763, 
 and contains 743 inhabitants. 
 
 Plymvuth^ a town of N, York, in Onon- 
 dago CO. lately laid out and named hy 
 E. Watfon, Efq. a native of Plymouth, 
 New England. The town lies about la 
 ■liles S E of Geneva, on a beautiful de- 
 clivity on the E fide of Seneca Lake, and 
 commands a charming and extenfive view 
 of the whole Uke. I'he to\?n plat is in 
 the townlliip of Roniuhjs, on tiic fpot 
 ^j'raerly called A-^^^U '/*«■;?, and was tlie 
 
 head quarters of the Seneca Indians, vihi* 
 were conquered and difpcrfed by Gen. 
 Sul'ivan, in his weftern expedition in 
 1779. 'T^^^'^ iJtuation is heaithful and 
 pleafant, well watered by copious living 
 fprings ; upwards of ao houfes were built 
 here in 1796. The new State road in- 
 terfciSls thiitown; and here is a ferry 
 acrofs tlie lake to another thrlvlug towa 
 on the oppofite fide. 
 
 Plymouth Company'' s Patent, Szc. In 164O,. 
 Atitipas B-Aei & Co. \purchafed of the col- 
 ony of New-Plymouth, and of the In- 
 dians, for j^400 fterling, paid in 1661, .i 
 tract of land, in the diftrict of Maine, ex- 
 tending, on the fea-coaft, 15 miles on each 
 fide the mouth of Xxnnebcc River, and 
 up faid river, the fame width, to a place 
 called Wtfferunfetty iituated on the E fide 
 of the river, where it bends weftward to- 
 wards Norridgwalk. A great part of this 
 valuable tradl has been fold and fettled. 
 The Plymouth Company, which flill ex- 
 ifls, have yet in pofTerfion conhderable 
 portions of the original purchafe. 
 
 Plymauthy the name of two town/liips 
 in Pennfylvania, the one in Luzerne co. 
 the other in that of Montgomery. The 
 former has 746, the latter 57.4 inhabitants, 
 
 Plymouth, a fmall pofl: town of N. Car- 
 olina, on the S fids of Roanoke River, 
 about 5 miles above Albemarle Sound. 
 It is 23 miles S W by S of Edenton, and 
 463 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Plymoutby a ftttlement on the S penin- 
 fula of St. Domingo, and in the depen- 
 dence of Jeremie. 
 
 Plymouih-Toivn, in the ifland of Toba- 
 go, in the W. Indies. N lat. lo 10, W 
 long. 60 32. 
 
 Flyfnouthy formerly Sa'tafli, a townfliip 
 in Windior co. Vermont, is miles W of 
 WindCnr, containing io6 inhabitants. 
 
 Plympton^ a. townlliip in Plymouth CO* 
 MalTachufetts,.45 miles S Eof Bofton. It 
 contains 881 inhabitants. 
 
 Pocahontas, A town in CheRerficld co. 
 Virginia, within the jurifdidlion of Peterl- 
 burg in Dinwiddle co. It probably de- 
 rives its name from, the famous princefs 
 Pocahontas, the daughter gf king Pow- 
 hatan. 
 
 Pochekejko, a rivcr of New-Britain, N. 
 America. 
 
 Pucomoke, an eaflern water of Chefa- 
 peak Bay, navigable a few miles. 
 
 PccotaligCy a village of S. Carolina, 15 
 miles from Combahte Ferry, and 67 from 
 Charlcfton. 
 
 Fogfy Ca^Cy the N E point of Chaba- 
 quiddick 
 
P O J 
 
 PON 
 
 quifidick Ifland, near Martha's Vineyard, 
 MalTachuietts, From Holmes's Hole to 
 this cape the courfe is S E by E, 3^ 
 leagues diflant. In the channel between 
 them there are 11 and 17, fathoms water. 
 N lat. 41 .25, W long, from Gretnwigh 
 70 1%. 
 
 Pointy a townfliip of Northumberland 
 CO. Pennfylvania. It has 875 inhabitants. 
 Poir.t Alder ton, the S W point of Bof- 
 ton harbour. N lat. 42 20, W long. 70 54. 
 Point-au'Fcr, a place near the head or 
 northern part of Lake Champlain, within 
 the limits of the United States. It was 
 delivered up by the Britifh in 1796, 
 
 Point Ic Pro, the eaftern iitnit of Pafla- 
 maquoddy Bay, on the coaft of New- 
 Brunfwick. 
 
 Poinif dcs Peigesy a capc On the S fide of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo, a leagues W 
 of the mouth of Pedernalcs River. 
 
 Poi;?t Judith, in the townihio of South- 
 KlngRown, is the S extrem.-ty of the weft- 
 cm iliore of Narraganfet Bay in Rhodc- 
 liland. It is 9 miles S S W of Newport. 
 N lat. 41 24, W long. 71 s8. 
 
 Point Petre, in the ifland of Guadaloupe, 
 has ftrong fortification^, and lies about 20 
 miles from Fort Louis. 
 
 Point Pleafant, an indifferent village on 
 the E bank of the Ohio, juft above the 
 mouth of the Great Kanhawa. Nf.ar 
 this place was fought the memorable bat- 
 tle bftweea a detachment of Virginia 
 militia, under Col. Lexvis, and the Shaw- 
 anee and Delaware Indians. After a 
 long and dubious confli(fl, the Virginians 
 remained mafters of the field. ElUcott. 
 
 Poir>t St. Georgr, a point of land extend- 
 ing into the occ.ui on the weftern coaft 
 of America, in lat. 41 46 N, long. 130 3 
 W. Th's point forms a bay on each fide, 
 and terminates in a fandy beach. Sev- 
 eral funken rocks and numerous break- 
 ers extend to the foiithward of the point ; 
 to the woftvvard are four rock iflands, 
 called Dragon Rocks, which completely 
 guard the bay on the N fide of the point 
 from the S and S W winds. The country 
 back is mountainous and barren. 
 
 Vancouver. 
 Pojaulfccul, called by the Spaniards 
 Volcan de Orizaba, a celebrated moun- 
 tain in Mexico, or New-Spain, which be- 
 gan to fend forth fmoke in IJ45, and con- 
 tinued to do fo for ao years; but for two 
 centuries paft, there has not been ob- 
 fcrved the fmalleft fign of burning. The 
 mountain, which is of a conical figure, is 
 tht higheft land in Mexico, and is def- 
 
 cried by feamen who are ftcering that 
 way, at the diftance of 30 leagues ; and 
 is higher than the Peak of Teneriffe. Its 
 top is always covered with fnow, and its 
 border adorned with large cedars, pine, 
 and other trees of valuable wood, which 
 make the profpecSl of it every way beau- 
 tiful. It is 90 miles E of the city of Mex- 
 ico. 
 
 Pohncoy a mountain in Northampton 
 CO. Pennfylvania, 22 miles N W of Eaf- 
 ton. 
 
 Poland^ a poft town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, 30 miles N of Portland. It has 
 2,125 inhabitants. The Little Amarif- 
 kbggin River runs through this town, and 
 divides it in nearly equal halves. A 
 chain of ponds called the '* Range Ponds^* 
 m this town, flow into the Little Amarif- 
 koggin, about 5 miles from its confluence 
 with the Great Amariikoggin. The 
 northern part of this town is now ]\^tnot. 
 PolUphs IJIandy a fmall rocky ifland, 
 about 80 or 100 rods in circurofertncc, 
 at the northern entrance of the High 
 Lands in Hudfon River ; remarkable on- 
 ly as the place where failors require a 
 treat of perfons who have never before 
 pafled the river. 
 
 Pomalaiioyh village in the jiirifdt<5lion of 
 the town of Guafuntos, in the province of 
 Quito, famous for the ruins df a fortrefs 
 built by the Incas, or ancient emperors of 
 Peru. 
 
 Pomftet, a townfhip in Windfor co. 
 Vermont, containing 1,106 inhabitants. 
 It is II miles W of the ferry on ConneAi- 
 cut River, in the town of Hartford, and 
 64 N E of Bennington. 
 
 Pomftet, a poft town of ConnetSlicut, in 
 Windham co. It is 40 miles E by N of 
 Hartford, 66 S W of Bofton, and 264 N 
 E of Philadelphia ; and contains a Con- 
 gregational church. It is an excellent 
 townfliip ; the houfes are handfome, and 
 the farms welt cultivated. It was firft: 
 fettled in i6u6 by emigrants from Rox- 
 bury. It was part of the Majlamoqitet 
 purchafe, and in 17 13 it waseredled into 
 a townfliip. Quinabaug River feparatcs 
 it from Killingly on the eaft. Inhabit- 
 ants 1,802. 
 
 Pompiortj in Bergen co. N. Jerfey, lies 
 on Ringwood, a brancii of Pallaik River, 
 about 23 miles N W of N. York city. 
 
 Pompey, a poft town in Onondago co. 
 N. York, incorporated in J 7 94. It hag 
 2,332 inhabitants. 
 
 Pmpon. See EJ'^o River^ S. Carolina. 
 Pontcbartraittt a lake of W. Florida, on, 
 
 the 
 
p D a 
 
 P O R 
 
 ^e raftcrn dirlfion of Louifiana, a beau 
 liful lliect of water, which communicate; 
 E with tlie Gulf of Mexico, and W with I 
 Miffifippi River, through Lake Mau re- 
 pas and Ibbervillc River. It is about 40 
 miles long, and 24 broad. It is furrounded 
 with marflies, and the landing in many 
 places is attended with difficulty, on ac- 
 count of mud. Towards the E end, the 
 l>each is compofcd of large bodies of 
 cockle fhclls, from which lime is made 
 Aifficient to fupply New-Orleans and the 
 adjacent country. The water of the lake 
 is from la to 18 feet deep. The follow- 
 ing creeks fall into it on the N fide, viz. 
 Tangipaho, and Le Comble, 4 feet deep ; 
 Chefuncfta, 7 ; and Bonfouca, 6 ; and from 
 the ifland of Orleans, Tigahoc, at the 
 mouth of which was a fmall poll. The 
 Bayouk of St. John aifo communicates on 
 the fame llde. The French inh.^hitants, 
 vyho formerly refided on the N fide of 
 this lake, chiefly employed themfelves in 
 making pitch, tar, and turpentine, and 
 railing flock, for which the country is 
 very favourable. See Maure^as. 
 
 HuUhlns & EUicott. 
 
 Pontchartra'tn^ an ifland in Lake Supe- 
 rior, S by W of Maurepas Ifland, and N ; 
 W of Hocqnart Ifland. i 
 
 Ponte di Dio. See AUyagve, I 
 
 Pontcque, or Poniique, a point on the W ' 
 coaft of Mexico, 10 leagues N by E of 
 Cape Corientes, between which is the bay ; 
 de Valderas. W of it are two rmail ifl- 
 ands of its name, a league from the main. 
 There are alfo rocks, called the Rocks of 
 Ponteq'.ie, XO leagues S W of the port of 
 Mstanche!. 
 
 Pcor Vailfyy a very long and mrrow 
 valley between Stanley Valley and Clinch 
 Mountains. 
 
 Poojhuu Lake^ in Hancock co. M;^ine, 9 
 miles long, and from i to 4 wide, and 
 contains 4 or 5 iflands ; the largcft of 
 which has 90 acres. By an outlet of 
 about 3 miles long, it empties into Poo- . 
 Ihau River, which nuis about 15 miles 
 through 3 of the newly lurvcved town- 
 Chips, and falls into Penoblcot on the W 1 
 fide, oppofite Ma-rlb's Ifland. I 
 
 Pooufoomfucky A river of Vermont, which 
 runs a foutherly courfc, and talis into ' 
 ConneAicut River in the townihip of 
 Barnet, near the Lower bar of the 15 
 mile falls. It is ico yards wide, and \ 
 noted for the quantity and qunlicy of f.il- ■ 
 nion it produces. On this river, which ; 
 is fettitd ao miles up, arc Tome of the bcil | 
 rownTaips in tixc *n;ite. ! 
 
 Pop,t Madrcy a town of S. America, Ja 
 Tcrra> Firma, jo miles E of Carthagena. 
 N l?.t. 10 13, W long. 74 32. 
 
 Popayariy a province of S. America, in 
 Ncw-Gransda, about 400 mllts in length 
 and 300 in breadth. The country is un- 
 healthy, but vafl: quantities of gold are 
 found in it. It is flill moftly in pofTeffiori 
 of the native Americans. 
 
 Popayan^ the capital of the above prov- 
 ince, and a bifliop's fee, inhabited chiefly 
 by Creoles. It is %%q miles N E of Qui- 
 to., and contains 20,oco fouls. 
 
 Poplar Spring, in the N W part of Ann 
 Arundel co. Maryland, near a brook, 3 
 miles S of the W branch of Pat?.pfco Riv- 
 er, on the high road from Baltimore to 
 Frederickftown, about 27 miles W of Bal- 
 timore, and 41 N W of Annapolis. 
 
 Poplin, 2l townfliip of N. Hamplhire, in 
 Rockingham co. 12 miles W of Exeter. 
 It was incorporated in 1764, and contain* 
 408 inhabitants. 
 
 Poquie Choudie^ Si low flat point between 
 the gut of Chepagan and the village of 
 CaraquetjOn the fouthern fide of Chaleur 
 Bay. It is about 4 leagues diftant from 
 the gut, in a S W diredtion. The ifland 
 of Caraquct, at the fame diflance from 
 the gut, lies in a W direcSlion from the 
 main. The village is about 3 leagues in 
 extent ; its plantations, &c. has a church, 
 and a number of inhabitants, all Roman 
 Catholics- The oyfl:er and cod iiflierie* 
 are carried on here. 
 
 Porcas, or IJIand of Hogs, lies E of Sf. 
 Scbaftian's Ifland, on the coafl of Brazil, 
 and 'ZO miles E of the Bay of Saints. 
 
 Poic^Sy Morro di^ or Hogs Siriifsd, on 
 the W coafl: of N. Mexico, is N of Point 
 Kiguerra, the S VV point of tl.e pcninfula 
 which forms the B ly of PanaiDa. From 
 thence ibijis ufuallytake their departure, 
 to go S for the coafl of Peru. 
 
 Porco, a jurifdiclion of S. America, in 
 the province of Charcos, beginning at tlie 
 VV end of the town of Potoli, about 25 
 leagues from the city of La Plata, and. 
 extending about 20 leagues. 
 
 Pjrci , a town in the above jurifditSlio'Q, 
 W af the mines of Potofi. S lat. 19 40, 
 W long. 64 50. 
 
 Pir. I'pinf, Cape. See Bloivmidoivn. 
 pjr^.o>fiy Cape, on the coatl of York co, 
 Maine, is 7 leagues N by E of C'ape Ncd- 
 doek, and 5 S \V of Wood Iflind. It is 
 known by the highlands of Kennebuiik, 
 which lie' to the N W of it. A vcflel that 
 draws 10 feet water will be aground at 
 low water m the harbour htis. It is fo 
 
 aarfow. 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 narrow, iliat a vefiel cannot turn round ; 
 rs within lOO yards of the fea, and fecure 
 frcm all winds, whether you have an- 
 chor or not. 
 
 Portage, le Grand, on I^ake Superior, in 
 U, Canada, leads from the N E of that 
 lake to a chain of fmaller lakes, on the 
 communication to thcnorthwefttrn trad- 
 ing ports. 
 
 Portage^ Point, on the E coaft of Ncw- 
 Brunfwick, and in the S W part of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, forms the N limit 
 of Miramiclii Bay, as Point Ecoumcnac 
 does the S. 
 
 Port Ar/iherji, a bay on the S E coafl'of 
 Nova-Scotia, S \V of Port Rofeway, and 
 .t; miles NE of Cape Sable. 
 
 Pfrf Angel, a harbour on the W coafl: 
 cf Mexico, about half way between St. 
 Pedro and Compoftella. It is a broad 
 and open bay, having good anchorage, 
 but bad landing. N lat. 13 3Z, W long. 
 
 97 4. 
 
 Port Ahtonio, in the N E part of the 
 ifland of Jamaica, lies W by N of the N 
 E point ; having Fort George and Navy 
 Ifland on the W, and Wood's Ifland E. 
 It is capable of holding a large fleet ; and 
 if it were fortified and accommodated 
 for refitting fliips of war, would be of 
 great importance, as it is only 36 leagues 
 W of CapeTiburon in St. Domhigo, and 
 opens dlre<5lly into the Windward Paf- 
 fage. The town of Titchiield lies on this 
 bay. 
 
 Porta Maria, in tlie N E part of the ifl- 
 and of Jamaica, is S E from Gallina Point. 
 
 Porta P rt, on the N W fide of the ifl- 
 f\nd of Newfoundland ; the S entrance in- 
 to which is 10 or 12 leagues from Caj^e 
 St. George. 
 
 Port au Prhice, a j'urifdidlon and' fca- 
 port, at the head of the Great Bay or 
 Bight cf Leoganc, in the W part of St. 
 Domingo. Tlie town, which is feated ou 
 the hc3d of the bay, is the feat of the 
 French government in time of peace, and 
 a place of confiderabla trade. Though 
 fingularly favoured with the S winds, it 
 was long' the tomb of the unhappy Euro- 
 peans, in conlcquence of the difficulty of 
 obtaining good water. By the exertions 
 of M.de iMarbois, who rcfided here about 
 5 years, in conftru(5ling fountains, public 
 bafons, and airy prifons, the place has be- 
 come far, more healthy and delirable. 
 The jurird'(f!:ion contains 6 pariibcs, and 
 its exports from Jan. r, 1789, to Dec. 31, 
 of the-f ime vf;)r,werc as follow. 2497,321 
 lbs. Vi hire fi'tur ; 44,716,2^56 llis. brown 
 
 I fugar ; 17,829,424 lbs. coffee ; i,878;99f. 
 I lbs. cotton ; 137,951 lbs. indigo; other ar- 
 j ticlcs, as hides, molalTes, fpirits, &c. to the 
 value of 8,248^ livres. The total value 
 of duties on the above articles on expor- 
 tation was 189^94-5 dolls. 46 cents. Thi»- 
 fine town was nearly burnt down by the 
 revolting negroes, in Nov. and Dec. 1791- 
 It is only fit for a fliipping place for the 
 produce of the adjacent country, and for 
 that of the rich plains of the Cul de Sac 
 to the northward. The ifland of Gonave 
 to the weftward would enables fquadron 
 to block up the port. The line of com- 
 munication between Port au Prince and 
 the town of St. Domingo, is by the ponds, 
 and through the towns of Neybe, Azua, 
 Bani,, &g. ; the difl;ance from Port au 
 Prince to St, Domingo city being 69 
 leagues E by S. To fliorten this way a 
 little, and particularly to render it lefs 
 difagreeable, one may crofs the Brackifli 
 Pond in a canoe. Port au Prince is 7 
 leagues E by N of the town of Leogane, 
 and about 50 S by E as the road runs, 
 trom Port de Paix. N lat. 18 34, W long. 
 from Paris 74 45. 
 
 Port Barks, on the N W"- coaft of N. 
 America, lies S E of Pitt's Ifland, and N 
 W of Point Bukarelli. 
 
 Port Cabanas, on the N fide of the ifl- 
 and of Cuba, lies E by N of Bahia Hondu, 
 and W of Port Mariel. 
 
 Port D'auph'tKi a bay on the E coaft of 
 Cape Breton, about 18 leagues S by W of 
 Cape Rayc in Newfoundland. 
 
 Port Je Francois, a harbour on the N W 
 coaft of N. America, lat. 58 37 N, long. 
 
 139 50 W. In the vicinity are feveral 
 tribes of farages. Their women fpin and 
 weave the hair of animals into decent 
 cloth ; hats and bafkets of reeds are form- 
 ed with fkill. The men forge iron, faili- 
 ion copper, and make tolerable engrav- 
 ings of men and animals in wood and 
 ftone.- They inlay boxes with mother of 
 pearl. A dagger, a wooden lance, fliarp- 
 encd and hai^ened in the fire, or pointed 
 with iron ; a bow and arrows tipped witk 
 copper, are their ufnal weapons. Their 
 canoes are 30 feet long, 4 broad, 6 deep, 
 covered with feal-fkins. They arc exce!- 
 fively prone to gaming ; it gives them a 
 fad, melancholy appearance. I'heir mu- 
 fie is melodious, but plaintive. Vegeta- 
 tion here is rapid, and feveral kinds of 
 bfcful vegetables and berries grow Ipnn- 
 taneouily. Pines are 18 feet rt, and. and 
 
 140 feet high. Trout, f^lmon, .^nd fliell ^ 
 fifli are abundant \\\ their dreams and 
 
 bars 
 
P O R 
 
 P O R 
 
 i5Ay». They file down their teeth level 
 with their gums. They burn their dead, 
 .excepting the head, -which is wrapped in 
 ilcins, placed in a kind of box, and lul- 
 pcnded on poles. Their morals are fui- 
 -iiciently abominable to endear thenj to 
 modern iniidels. They are moft filthy 
 and difgufting, never wafliing the veflcl, 
 <which anlwers for kettle, difli and plate. 
 They fliow no fympathy for others in 
 .-diftrefs. They will rob their l>t;{l friends. 
 They fcem to worfliip the fun. Xheir 
 women offeringtheml'elves to failors, pre- 
 fer the open fliore to the concealment of 
 tlieforeft. So degraded is fallen manwhere 
 lie is not again exalted by the gofpel ; fo 
 brutal where he is not inftrudled by the 
 prophet of Bethlehem. Vancouver. 
 
 Fart de Faix, a jurifditflion and feaport 
 on the N fide of the ifland of St. Domingc, 
 towards the wcftern end, and oppolite 
 ■the ifland of Tortue, ^ leagues diftant. 
 The jurifdicTlion contains 7 pariihes.; the 
 exports from which, from Jan. i, 1789 to 
 Dec. 31, of the fame year, were as follow : 
 331,900 lbs. v/hite fugar ; 515,500 lbs. 
 brown fugar ; 1,957,618 lb.s. cofFee ; 35,J54 
 lbs. cotton ; 29,181 lbs. indigo. The du- 
 ties on exportation of the above amount- 
 ed to 9,407 dollars 60 cents-. It is 30 
 leagues N of St. Mark, 17 E by N of the 
 Mole, and 19^ weftward of Cape Fran- 
 cois. Nlat. 1954, Wlong. from Par is 7512. 
 
 Fori de la Chfiudiere^on the S coaft of St. 
 Domingo, lies at the eailern entrance of 
 the Bay of Ocoa, which is 18 leagues W 
 by S of the city of St. Domingo. I'his 
 port is large, open, and deep enough to 
 admit veiTels^of any burden. 
 
 Port Defirt^ a harbour on the -E coafl 
 of Patagonia, S. America, where vefiels 
 fometlmes touch in their paflage to the 
 S. Sea. ,It is about 150 miles N E of Port 
 %l. Julian. S iat. 47 6, W long. 64 24. 
 
 Port du Pr'uice^ a town on the northern 
 coaft of the ifland of Cuba, having a good 
 harbour. The town ftands in a large 
 meadow, where the Spaniards feed nu- 
 merous herds of cattle. 
 
 Fort Egmont, on the N coaft of oiie of 
 the Falkland Ifies, and towards the \V 
 end of that coaft. It is one of the moft 
 cxtenlive and commodious harbours in 
 the world ; fo tliat it has been alTerted 
 that the whole navy of Great-Britain 
 might ride fccureiy in it. Commodore 
 Byron difcovered this excellent harbour 
 »n 1775) on being fent to take pofleiHun 
 •f the iflauds for the Britifli government. 
 
 f'^rt,B:iz~bdb, Cumbeiland co. N. Jer- 
 
 fey. Here is apoft office 2c6 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Porter, a lake of "Nova- Scotia, which 
 empties itfclf into the ocean, 5 leagu/;s 
 eaftward «f Halifax. It is .15 miles lA 
 length, and half a mile in width, with 
 ifiands in it. 
 
 ForterfiJd, a fmall fcttlement in Yoik 
 CO. Maine! It has 272 inhabitants. 
 
 Portcro, a river of Peru, which einptic* 
 into the lea at the city pt Baidlvia. 
 
 Port Julian, or Port St. Julian, a har- 
 hour on the E coaft of Patagonia, in .S. 
 America, 150 miles S by W of Port De- 
 fire. It has a free and open entrance, 
 and fait is found near it. The continent 
 is not above ico leagues broad here. Be- 
 fides fait ponds, here are plenty of wild 
 cattle, horfes, Peruvian fliecp, and wild 
 dogs ; but the water is bad. S Iat. 49 10. 
 W long. 68 44. 
 
 Portland, a poft town zttid port of entry, 
 in Cumberland co. Maine. It is the larg- 
 eft town in Maine, and is fituated on a 
 promontory in Cafco Bay, and was for- 
 merly a part of Falmouth. It is ^o miles 
 S by W of WifcafTetjand 123 from Bufton. 
 In July, 1786, th:s part of the town, be- 
 ing the moft populous and mercantile, 
 and fituated on the harbour, together 
 with the iilands which belong to Fal- 
 mouth, was incorporated by the name of 
 Portland. It has a moft excellent, fafe, 
 and capacious harbour, which is feldoni 
 or never completely frozen over. It is 
 near the main ocean, and is eafy of ac- 
 ccfs. The inhabitants cawv on a conlid- 
 erable foreign trade, build lliips, siud anc 
 largely concerned in the fi flier y. It is 
 one of the moft thriving commerci?.! 
 towns in the Commonwealth of MaiTa- 
 chufetts. Here are two bariks, by the 
 names of Portland and Maine .Banks. It 
 is contemplated to con>pltte a road, al- 
 ready in forwardnefs, from Danville, in 
 Vermont, through Bath, in N. Hamplliire, 
 and under the northerly fule of Moofe- 
 hillock Mountain, and thence to this 
 town. The diftance fr(.m Bath is about 
 ICO miles. This road will in time, ptob- 
 aWy, turn the trade of all this northera 
 country to Pcu-tland. Although three- 
 fourths of it was laid in aflies by the 
 Britifli fleet in 1775, it has Ciudc been en- 
 tirely rebuilt, and contains 3,704 inhab- 
 itants. Among its public buildings arc 
 3 churches, 2 for Congregationaliftsj and 
 t for Epiicopalians, and a IiandfoiTiv.- 
 court houfe. • A light lioufc was eretftca 
 in 1790,011 a poju: q£ laad eailcd^Port- 
 
P O R 
 
 P O R 
 
 land Head, al the entrance of the har- 
 bour. It is a ftone edifice, 7 2 feet high, 
 exclufive of the lantern, and ftands in 
 lat. 43 39* N, ind long. 6^ 5a W. The 
 foHDwing directions are to 6e obferved 
 Ml coming into the harbour. Bring the 
 light to bear N N W, then run for it, al- 
 lowing a fmall diftance on the larboard 
 liand ; and when abreaft of the fame, 
 then run N by W. This courfe will give 
 good anchorage from half a mile to a 
 iTiiie and a lialf. No variation of the 
 tompafs is allowed. The works created 
 in 1795, for the defence of Portland, con- 
 lift of a fort, a citadel, a battery for 10 
 pieces of cannon, an artillery-ftore, a 
 guard-houfe, an air furnace for heating 
 ihot, and a covered way from the fort to 
 the battery. 
 
 Portland Head, in Cafco Bay, Maine, 
 the promontory on which the light houfe 
 above defcribtd ftands. From the light 
 houfe to Alden's Ledge, is 4 leagues S S 
 E. High water in Portland harbour, at 
 full and change, 45 minutes after 10 
 OVloclc Ste Portland. 
 
 Portland Pointy on the S coaft of the ifl- 
 arfd of Jamaica, and the moft foutherly 
 land m it, lies in lat. 17 48 N, and long. 
 77 41 W. 
 
 Port loci's Harbouf, cn the N W coafl 
 of N. America, has a narrow entrance. 
 The mitldlc of the entrance lies in lat. 57 
 43 30, and long. 136 4 i 30 W. 
 
 Port Marquis, a harbour on the coafi 
 of Mexico, in the N. Pacific Ocean, 3 
 miles E of Acapulco, where flilps from 
 Peru frequently land thtir contraband 
 goods- N lat, 17 27, W long. loz 26. 
 
 Porto Bdlo, a fcaport town of S. Amer- 
 ica, having a good harbour on the nor- 
 thern fide of the Ifthmus of Daricn, in 
 the province of Terra Firma Proper, 
 nearly oppofite to Panama on the fouth- 
 crn fide of the ifthmus. It is fituated clofe 
 to the fea, on the declivity of a mountain 
 vhich lurrounds the whole harbour. It 
 abounds with reptiles in the rainy feafon, 
 and at all times is very unhealthy; and 
 js chiefly inhabited by people of colour, 
 and negroes. It was taken by Admiral 
 Vernon in 1742, who demoiiflied the 
 fortificatioos. N lat. 9 34 ^,5^ ^^ ^^'^Z' 81 
 _52. As this town may probably foon be- 
 come a bone of contention, and perhaps 
 change its maftcrs, the following account 
 of it, which pot long Hnce appeared in a 
 ijOudoD paper, may be acceptable. " This 
 
 town,i'o thinly inhabited by rcafon of it» 
 noxious air, the fcarcity of provifions, 
 and the barrennefs of its foil, becomes, at 
 the time of the galltons, one of the moft 
 populous places in all S. America. Its 
 lituation on the ifthmus betwixt the S and 
 N fea, the goodnefs of its harbour, and 
 its fmall diftance from Panama, have giv- 
 en it the preference for the rendezvous 
 of the joint commerce of Spain and Peru, 
 at its fair. 
 
 On advice being received at Carthage- 
 na, that the Peru fleet has unloaded at 
 Panama, the galleons make the beft of 
 their way to Porto Bello, in order to 
 avoid the diftempers which have their 
 fource from idlenefs. The concourfe of 
 people, on this occafion, is fo great as to 
 raife the rent of lodging to an exccffivc 
 degree ; a middh"ng chamber, with a cloi- 
 ct, lets, during the fair, for a thoufand 
 crowns, and fome large houles for four, 
 five, or fix thoufand. 
 
 The fliips are no fooner moored in the 
 harbour, than the firft work is, to eredV, 
 in the fquare, a tent, made of the fliip's 
 fails, for receiving its cargo; at which 
 the proprietors of the goods are prefent, 
 in order to find the bales, by the marks 
 which diftinguifh them. Thefe bales arc 
 drawn on fledges, to their refpc<5live pla- 
 ces, by the crew cf every fliip, and the 
 money given them is proportionably di- 
 vided. Whilft the feamen and European 
 traders are thus employed, the land is 
 covered with droves of mules from Pa- 
 nama, each drove confifting of above 
 an hundred, loaded with chefts of gold 
 and fiiver, on account of the merchants 
 of Peru. Some unload them at the ex- 
 change, others in the middle of the fquare; 
 yet, ainidft tlie hurry and confufion of 
 luch crowds, no theft, lofs or difturbance, 
 is ever known. He who has feen this 
 place during the iiempo muertoy or dead 
 tlmc.folitary,poor,and a perpetual filencc 
 reigning every where, the harbour quite 
 empty, arid every place wearing a mel- 
 ancholy afpe(Sl, muft be filled with aftou- 
 iflimcnt at the fudden change, to fee the 
 buftling multitudes, every houfe crowded, 
 the fquare and ftreets encumbered with 
 bales and chefts of gold and fiiver of all 
 kinds: the harbour full of fhips and vef- 
 fcls, fome bringing, by the way of Rio 
 de Chape, the goods of Peru, as cacao, 
 quinquina, or Jefuits' bark, Vienna wool, 
 and bczoarftoncs; otiiers coming from 
 Carthagcna, loaded with provifions; and 
 thus a fpot, at all oiha times detefted for 
 
P O R 
 
 PO R 
 
 its deieterious qualities, becomes the fta- 
 |)le of the riches of the old and new 
 world, and the fcene of one of the mod 
 confiderable branches of commerce on 
 the whole earth. 
 
 The fliips being unloaded, and the 
 merchants of Peru, together with the 
 prefident of Panama, arrived, the fair 
 comes under deliberation; and for this 
 purpofe the deputies of the feveral par- 
 ties repair on board the conmiixlort of 
 the galleons, where, in prefcnce of the 
 commodore, and the prefident of Pana- 
 ma (the former, as patron of the Europe- 
 ans, and the latter, of the Peruvians) the 
 prices of the feveral kinds of merehandife 
 Ere fettled ; and all preliminaries being 
 adjufted in three or four meetings, the 
 contrails are figned and made public, 
 that every one may conform himfelf to 
 them in the fale of his effe^5ls. Thus all 
 fraud is precluded. The purchafes and 
 fales, as likewife the exchanges of money, 
 are tranfadted by brokers, both from 
 6pain and Peru. After this, every one 
 fiegins to difpofe of his goods ; the Span- 
 ifli brokers embarking their chefts of 
 money, and thofc of Peru fending away 
 the goods they have purchafed, in veflels 
 called chatas and bongos, up the river 
 Chagre. And thus the fair of Porto Bel- 
 lo ends. 
 
 Formerly this fair was limited to no 
 particular time; but as a long flay, in 
 fuch a fickly place, extremely afi'edlcd the 
 health of the traders, his Catholic m^jefly 
 tranfmitted an order, that the fair fhould 
 not laft above forty days, reckoning from 
 that in which the fhips came to an an- 
 chor in the harbour ; and that, if in this 
 fpace of time the merchants could not 
 agree in their rates, thofe of Spain fliould 
 be allowed to carry their goods up the 
 country to Peru; and accordingly the 
 commodore of the galleons has orders to 
 rcembark them, and return to Cartha- 
 gena; otherwife, by virtue of a compacit 
 ht'twecn the merchants of both kingdoms, 
 and ratified by the king, no Spanifli tra- 
 der IS to fend his goods, on his own ac- 
 count, lieyoud Porto Bcllo : and, on the 
 contrary, thofe of Peru cannot fend re- 
 mittances to Spain, for purchafing goods 
 there. 
 
 Whilft the Englifli were permitted to 
 fend an annual lliip, called navia de pcr- 
 mijfo, flie uftd to bring to the fair a large 
 cargo on her own account, never failing 
 iirfl: to touch at Jamaica, fo that her load- 
 ing aloue was mure than half of all tJi'^fe 
 
 brought by the galleons; for, bcfidcsthat 
 her burthen fo far exceeded 500 Spanilli 
 tons, that it was even more than 900, 
 flie had no provifions, water, or other 
 things, which fill a great part of the hole ; 
 the indeed took them in at Jamaica, '^rom 
 whence flie was attended by five or fn 
 fmaller veflels, loaded v.-irh goods, which, 
 when arrived near Porto Beilo, were put 
 on board her, and the provifions removed 
 into the tenders ; by wh^ch artifice the 
 fmgle fliip was niiide to carry more than 
 five or fix of the largeft galleons. This 
 nation having a free trade, and felling 
 cheaper than the Spaniards, that indul- 
 gence was of infinite detriment to the 
 commerce of Spain. 
 
 In the dead time, all the trade flirring 
 here confifts in proviiions from Cartha- 
 gena; and cacao and quinquina, down 
 the river Chagre : the former is carried 
 in fmall vefTcls to Vera Cruz, and the 
 quinquina either dcpcfitcd in v.'are hou- 
 fes, or put on board fliips, which, with 
 permifilon, come from Spain ti» Nacara- 
 qua, and Honduras; thefe fliips alfo take 
 in cacao. Some fmall vefcls likewife 
 come from the illands of Cuba, La Trin- 
 idad and St. Domingo, with cacao and 
 rum. 
 
 Frefli water pours down in ftream* 
 from the mountains, feme running with- 
 out the town, and others crofiing it. 
 Thefe waters are ver/light and digeftive, 
 and in thofe who arc bcfl ulcd to them, 
 good to create sn iippctite ; qualities, 
 which in other countries would be very 
 valuable ; but are here pernicious. This 
 country feems fo curfed by nature, that 
 what is in itfelf good becomes here de- 
 ftru<5live. For doubtlefs, this water is 
 too fine and active for the ftomachs of 
 the inhabitants; and thus produces dy- 
 fentaritsi, the laft ftage of all other dif- 
 tempers, and which the patient very fcl- 
 doni furvivcs. Thefe rivulets, in their 
 defcent from the mountains, form little 
 refer voir s or ponds, whcfe coolnefs is in- 
 creaftd by the fliadc of the trees, and in 
 thefe all the inhabitants of the towa 
 bathe thtrafelves conftantly every day at 
 II in the morning; and the Europeans 
 fail not to follow an (ximple fo pleafant 
 and conducive to hcaklr. 
 
 As tlulc forefts almoft border on the 
 houfes oi the town, the tigers often make 
 incurfions into tht* flrccts during the 
 night, carrying off fowU, dogs, i\nil other 
 domttlic creatures; and lometimes eve* 
 boys have falicu a prey to rhem; and, it 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 is certain, that ravenous beafts which pro- 
 vide themfelvcs with food in this manner, 
 are afterwards known to delpifc what 
 the foreft affords ; and, that after tafting 
 human llefli, they flight that ^of beafts. 
 Befides the inares ufually laid for them, 
 the Negroes and Mulattoes,vvho feil wood 
 in the forefts of *the mountains, are very 
 dexterous in encountering the tiger; and 
 ibmc, even on account of the (lender re- 
 ward, feck them in their retreats. The 
 arms in this combat, feemingly fo danger- 
 ous, are only a lance, of z or 3 yards iu 
 length, made of very ftrong wood, with 
 the point of the fameliardencd in the lire, 
 and a kind of fcimetar, about 3 quarters of 
 a yard in length. Thus armed, they ftay 
 tiil the creature makes an afTault on the 
 left arm, wliich hoids the lance, and is 
 wrapped up in a Ihort cloke of baize. 
 Sometimes tJ\e tiger, aware of the danger, 
 feems to decline the combat ; but his an- 
 tagonift provokes him with a flight touch 
 of the lance, in order, while he is defend- 
 ing himfelf, to ftrike a fure blow ; for as 
 foon as the ci ealute feels the lance, he 
 grafps it with one of his paws and with 
 the other ftrikes at the arm which holds 
 it. Then it is that the perfon nimbly 
 aims a blow with his fcimetar, which he 
 kept concealed with the other hand, and 
 hamfl:rings the creature, which immedi- 
 atelv draws bcick enraged, but returns to 
 the charge ; when receiving another fych 
 ftroke, he is totally deprived of his molt 
 dangerous weapons, and rendered inca- 
 pable of moving. After which the perfon 
 kills him at his leifure, and ftripping off 
 the fsin, cutting off the head, and the 
 fore and hind feet, returns to the town, 
 difplaying thefe as the trophies of his 
 vidkory." 
 
 Porio Cabelloy a maritime town of the 
 Caraccasjin Terra Firma, South America, 
 6 leagues from Leon ; chiefly inhabited 
 by fifliermen, failors, and factors. 
 
 Porto Caval/o, a fea port town in Terra 
 Firma, on the coaft of the Caraccas. 1'he 
 Britifli loft many men here, in an unfuc- 
 ■cefsful attack by fca and land, in 1743. 
 JN lat. 10 40, W long. 64 30. 
 
 Porio del Principe, a feaport on the N 
 -roaft of the ifland of Cuba, 300 miles S 
 E of the Havannah, and 186 N W of 
 Baracoa. It was formerly a large and 
 j-ich town, but being taken by Capt. 
 Morgan, with his buccaneers, after a ftout 
 refiftance, it never recovered itfelf. Near 
 iv are fcvcral fpriugs of Ititumcn. 
 
 Petto Eico. one of the Antiile Iflauds, 
 
 in the W. Indies, belonging to tlvz Span- 
 iards, about ICO miles loi)g,?nd 40 broad, 
 and contains about 3,200 fquare miles. 
 It is 20 leagues E vS E of tlu liland of Sf. 
 Domingo. The lands are beai tifully di- 
 verijfied with woods, vallics, and plains, 
 and are very fruitful, yielding the fame 
 produce as the other idands. The ifland 
 is well watered by fprings and rivers, buE 
 is unhealthy in the rainy fcafons. Gold, 
 which lit ft induced the Spaniards to fet- 
 tle here, is no longer found in any con- 
 fiderable quantity. In 1778, this ifland 
 contained 80,660 inhabitants, of whom 
 only 6,530 were fiaves. I'here were thea 
 reckoned upon the ifland, 77,384 head 
 of horned cattle ; 23,195 horfes ; 1,515 
 mulejj; 49,058 head of fmall cattle; 5,861 
 plantations, yielding 2,737 quintals of fu- 
 gar ; 1,163 quintals of cotton; 19,556' 
 quintals of rice; 15,216 quintals of maize ; 
 7,458 quintals of tobacco, and 9,860 quin- 
 tals of molaffes. 
 
 Porto Rico, or Si. Juan de Porto R'tcn, 
 the capital town of the ifland of its name, 
 ft^inds on a fmall ifland, on the N fide of 
 the ifland of Porto Rico, to which it is 
 joined by a caufeway, extending acrofs 
 the harbour, which is very fpacious, and 
 where the largeft yeffels may lie in the 
 utmoft fecurity. It is large and well 
 built, and is the fcjC of a bifliop; and the 
 forts and batteries are fo well fituated 
 and ftrong, as to render it almoft inaccef- 
 fible to an enemy. It was, however, ta- 
 ken by Sir Francis Drake, and afterwards 
 by the earl of Cumberland. It is better 
 inhabited than moft of the Spanifli towns, 
 being the centre of the contraband trade 
 carried on by the Britifh and French, 
 with the king of Spain's fubjedls. In 
 1615, the Dutch took and plundered thi» 
 city; but could not retaixi it. N lat. iS 
 20, W long. 65 2)S' 
 
 Potto Sanioy an ifland on the coaft: ol 
 Peru, a league W N W of the port and 
 city of Santo or Santa, nearly oppoflte the 
 port of Ferol, a league diftant N, and 9 
 N W of Guanape Ifland. 
 
 Porto Sonto, a port fituated in the mouti^ 
 of the river of its name, on the coaft of 
 PerUjN N E of Point Ferol, and 6 leagues 
 S E of Cape de Chao or Chau, and ia 
 lat. 8 47 S. 
 
 Port Pais. Sec Port au Paix. 
 
 Porto Seguro, a captainiliip on the coaft 
 of Brazil, in S. America, bounded E by 
 the government of Rio dos Hilios ; N by 
 the South Atlantic Ocean; S by Spiritu 
 Santo, and W by the country of the To- 
 
P O R 
 
 FOR 
 
 pick Indians. The country is very fertile. 
 
 Porto Seguro, the capital of the alwve 
 captainlhip, is on the top of a rock, at the 
 mouth of a river on the fea coaft, and 
 inhabited by Portuguefc. S lat. 17, W 
 long. 38 50. 
 
 Port Penn, a town of Newcaftle co. 
 Delaware, on the W fliore of Delaware 
 River, and fcparated from Reedy Ifland 
 on the E by a narrow channel. It con- 
 tains about 30 or 40 houfes, and lies 50 
 miles below Philadelphia. See Penn and 
 PeeJy Jjland. 
 
 Port Royal, an ifland on the coaft of S. 
 Carolina, is feparated from the main land 
 on the W by Broad River. It is 11 miles 
 long, and about i broad, and on it ftands 
 the pleafant town of Beaufort. It has an 
 excellent harbour, fufficient to contain 
 the largeft fleet in the world. It is fix 
 leagues N E ^ E of Tybec Hght houfe, at 
 the mouth of Savannah River. N lat. 3.* 
 12, W long, 80 54. At Port Royal Entrance 
 it is high water at full and change a quar- 
 ter paft: 8 o'clock. 
 
 Port Royal, in Nova Scotia. Sec An- 
 napolis Royal. 
 
 Port Royal, a port town of Virginia, on 
 Ihe S bank of Rappahannock River, in 
 Caroline co. It is laid out on a regular 
 plan, and contains about 200 houfes 
 which make a handfome appearance, be- 
 ing built of brick. Here are 3 churches, 
 viz. for Epifcopalians, Prefbyterians and 
 Methodifts. It is 1% miles S E of Fred- 
 rrickfburg, and 230 S W of Philadelphia. 
 Nlat. 38 13, W long. 77 34. 
 
 Port Royaty on the S fide of the ifl.i.nd 
 of Jamaica, formerly called Puerto de Ca- 
 guaya, once a place of the greateft w ealth 
 and importance in the W. Indies, is now 
 reduced by repeated calamities to three 
 ftreets, a few lanes, ami about 200 houfes. 
 It contains, however ,.the royal navy yard, 
 for heaving down, and refitting the king's 
 iliips, the naval hofpital, and barracks 
 for a regiment of foidiers. The fortifi- 
 cations are kept in excellent order, and 
 vie in ftrength, it is laid, with any fort- 
 refs in the Britifli dominions. The ex- 
 cellence of the harbour, and its fitu ition, 
 were fo alluring, that it was not until 
 the town had been three times entirely 
 dcftroyed, (firft by a terrible earthquake, 
 the 9th of June, 1692 ; then by a great 
 frc, 10 years after, and laftly, by a hur- 
 ricane in 1782, the moll terrible on rec- 
 ord) that tlie iiihibitants could be pre- 
 vailed upon to relinquifli this ili-fated 
 
 ' folvcd to remove to the oppofite fide of 
 the Bay, where they built Khigjjr:, now 
 the capital of the illand. la the harbour 
 of Port Royal, veffcls of 700 tons can lie 
 clofe along fliore. N lat. 18, W long. 
 76 45- 
 
 Port Royal, a town and liarbour in the 
 ifland of Martinico, Weft Indies; which, 
 with St. Peter's, arc the chief places of 
 the ifland. N lat. 14 36, W lung. 61 r. 
 Port Royal, in the ifland of Otaheite. 
 Port Royal, an ifland and harbour in 
 the S W part of the Gulf of Mexico, at 
 the bottom of the bay of Campeachy. 
 The harbour is i8 leagues S W by S 
 Champetan ; and the ifland, 3 miles long 
 and I broad, lies W of the harbour. 
 
 Port St. John, a fmall town in the prov- 
 ince of Nicaragua, in New Spain, at the 
 mouth of a river on the North Pacific 
 Ocean. The harbour is iafe and capa- 
 cious, and is the feaport of tiie city of 
 Leon, 30 miles to the S E. N lat. 12 10, 
 W long. 87 38. 
 
 Portfmmh, the metropolis of N. Hamp- 
 fbire, and the largeft town in the State, 
 and its only fea- port, is fituated about % 
 miles from the fea, on the S fide of Pif- 
 cataqua River. It is the half-fliire town 
 of Rockingham co. and its harbour is one 
 of the fineft on the continent, having a 
 fufficient depth of water for veffelH of 
 any burden. It is defended again ft ftorms 
 by the adjacent land, in fuch a manner, 
 as that Ihips may fecurely ride there iii 
 any feafon of the year ; nor is it ever 
 frozen, by reafon of the f'rength of the 
 current, and narrownefs of the channel. 
 Befidcs, the harbour is fo Avell fortified 
 by nature, that very little art will be 
 nectflary to render it impregnable. It* 
 vicinity to the fea renders it very con- 
 venient for naval trade. A light houfe, 
 with a fingle light, ftands on Newcaitle 
 Ifland, at the entrance of the harbour, 
 in bt. 43 5 N, and long. 70 41 W. Ships 
 of war have been built here ; among, 
 j others, the America, of 74 guns, launch- 
 ed November, 1782, and prtfcntcd to the 
 i king of France, by the Congrefs of 
 i the Un-t 'd States. Portfmouth coutaius. 
 1 5,339 inhabitants, three Congregational 
 churclies, x Epifcopal church, t for Uni- 
 j verfalifts, a State-lioule, 4 fchvjol-houf- 
 I es, a work-houfe, and 2 banks. The ex- 
 I ports for one year, ending Sept. 30, 1794, 
 I amounted to the value of 153,'^65 do!- 
 : lars. A fettlement was begun htre. ia 
 j 1623, by Captain Jvlafon and other mer- 
 cUiiit-, among whom Sir F. Gorgii-s had 
 
 a lliire. 
 
P O R 
 
 TO U 
 
 a fliare. They deligned to carry on the 
 fifliery, to make fait, trade with the na- 
 tives, and prepare and colkcft himber. 
 As Hgri culture was only a fecondary ob- 
 ject, the fettlcmcnt failed. The town 
 was incorporated in 1633. It is lo miles 
 S W of York, aa N of Newburv-Port, 
 and 65 N N E of Bofton. 
 
 Portfmouthy a townfliip of good land on 
 the N end of Rhode-Tfland, Newport co. 
 containing 1684 inhabitants, on the road 
 from Newport to Briftol. 
 
 PnrtfiJiouth^ a fmall fca-port town of N. 
 Carolina, in Carteret co. on the Nend of 
 Core Bank, near Ocrecock Inlet. Its chief 
 inhabitants are fifliermen and pilots. 
 
 Port/mouthy a poft totvn, pleafant, flour- 
 ifliing, and regularly built, in Norfolk co. 
 Virginia, on the W fide of Elizabeth Riv- 
 er, oppofite to and a mile diftant from I 
 Norfolk ; both which conftitute but one 
 port of entry. It contained, in 1790, | 
 about 300 houfes, and 1701 inhabitants, I 
 including did (laves. It is iii miles E I 
 by S of Peterfburg, and ^'^^ from Wafli- | 
 ington. See Norfolk. I 
 
 Port/mouth, a town on the N W fide of j 
 the ifland of Dominica, in the W. Indies, I 
 on Prince Rupert's Bay, between the fait- , 
 ■works and the coaft. i 
 
 Port Tobacco, a port town of Maryland, i 
 and capital of Charles co. fituated a little ; 
 above the confluence of two fmall ftreams j 
 which form the creek of its name, which { 
 empties through the N bank of the Pa- | 
 towmac, at Thomas's Point, about four i 
 miles below the town. It contains about j 
 80 houfes, and a large Epifcopal church, | 
 not in good repair, and a ware-houfe for j 
 the infpecfl:ion of tobacco. In the vicini- | 
 ty are the celebrated cold waters of i 
 Mount Mifery. It is 5a miles S W of i 
 Annapolis, 83 S S W of Baltimore, and | 
 34 from Wafli ington. I 
 
 Partu^al Point. See Tortus. j 
 
 Pottufucfe America^ or Bra-zil., lies be- j 
 tween the equator and the 35th degree 
 of S lat. and between 35 and 60 W long. ' 
 On the coaft are three fmall iflands, where | 
 fliips touch for proviiions on their voy- } 
 age to the S. Seas, viz. Fernando, St, Pur- j 
 larOf and St. Catherines. See Brazil. Since j 
 the difcovery of the mines of Brazil, that i 
 is, within the laft 70 or 80 years, Portu- j 
 gal has drawn from Brazil 2,400 millions , 
 of livrcs, or 100 millions of pounds fter- | 
 ling. Bcfides thefe large fums of money, ' 
 fije receives from Brazil large quantities '■ 
 of cocoa, fugar, rice, train-oil, whale- 
 feonc, coffee, and medicinal drugs, j 
 
 I Potaffaitge, Middlefcx co, ConncAJcufi 
 Here is a port office 368 miles from Wafh- 
 ington. 
 
 Potatoe, a bay on the S coafl: of the ifl- 
 and of St. Chriftopher's, W. Indies. 
 
 Potoft,a town in Peru, in the archbifli- 
 opric of Plata and province of Los Char- 
 cos, 75 miles S E of the city of La Plata. 
 The famous mountain of this name is 
 known all over the commercial world, 
 for the immenfe quantities of filver it 
 has produced. The mines in its vicinity 
 are now much exhaufted, although flill 
 very rich ; and the town, which once 
 contained 90,000 inhabitants, Spaniard* 
 and Indians, (of which the latter com- 
 pofed about four-fifths) does not now 
 contain above 25,000, according to Rob- 
 ertfon, but Holms eftimates them at 
 100,000. The principal mines are in 
 the northern part of the mountain, and 
 their diretSlion is from N to S. The moft: 
 intelligent people of Peru have obfcrvcd 
 that this is the general diredion of the 
 richeft mines. The fields round Potoft 
 arc cold, barren, and bear little e.lfethan 
 oats, which feldom ripen, but are cut up 
 and given for forage in the blade ; and 
 proviiions are brought here from the 
 neighbouring provinces. I^at. ai S, long. 
 77 W. 
 
 Potterif a townfhip of Centre co. Penn- 
 fylvania, on Sufquehaniwh River, ha» 
 1 170 inhabitants. 
 
 Potttrjlcivn, in Huntington co. N, Jer- 
 fey, is about 5 miles E of Lebanon, and 
 about 22 N W of New-Erunfwick. 
 
 Pottfgro've, a poll: town of Pennfylvania, 
 on the N bank of Schuylkill River, 17 
 miles S E of Reading, and 37 N W of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Poughkeepjte, a port town and capital of 
 Dutchcfs CO. N.York, delightfully fituated 
 a mile from the E bank of Hudfon's River, 
 and contains a number of neat dwellings, 
 a court houfc, a church for Prelbyterians, 
 one for Epifcopalians, and an academy. 
 Here is alio a printing oflice. It is about 
 28 miles N W ofDanbury, in Connedticut, 
 84 N of New York city, and 81 S of Al- 
 bany. The townllxip is bounded S by 
 Wappinger's Kill, or Creek, and W by 
 Hudfon River. It contains 3,246 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Poultney, a fmall river of Vermont, 
 which falls into Eafl Br*y. In 1783, the 
 river burft through its bank, near tha 
 place where it receives Caftlcton Rivcr» 
 and formed a new channel, leaving it» 
 former bed dry. 
 
? o w 
 
 PRE 
 
 fouttney, n confidcrable and flourifliing 
 port town in Rutland co. Vermont, bound- 
 ed W by Hampton in N. York, which ad- 
 joins Skeenfborough on the W. It con- 
 tains 1,694 inhabitnnts. 
 
 Pcumaron^ or Pumarott^ a river on the 
 coaft of Surrinam, whofe E point is Cape 
 Naflau, or Cape Drooge. 
 
 Poundrrdvre^ a towniliip in Wefl Cheftcr 
 CO, N. Yotk, bounded S by the State of 
 Conne6ticut, E and N by Salem, and W 
 by Bedford. It contains 1,265 i»babit 
 ants. 
 
 PoiveWs Creek^ in TenncfTee, rifes In 
 Powell's Mountain, runs S W, and enters 
 Clinch River, through its N bank ; 38 
 miles N E of Knoxviile. It is faid to be 
 navigable in boats 100 miles. 
 
 PoivelCs Valley^ lies between Powell and 
 Cumberland Mountains, and is between 
 80 and 90 miles in length, and from 10 
 to 18 wide. It is a'moft equally divided 
 between Virginia and TcnnefTce. It is 
 not one uniform level ; but includes fome 
 knobs and ridges. It is however a pleaf- 
 ant part of the country. The foil is gen- 
 erally flrong and eafy to cultivate. Some 
 parts of it are of the firft quality. The 
 water is good and plenty, and the air fa- 
 lubrious. Grafs, grain, corn, flax, hemp, 
 fruit-trees, &c. do well in it ; and the 
 Tenneflee part produces cotton. It af- 
 fords many elegant profpe6ts, admits of 
 beautiful roads, is furniflied with good 
 quarries of ftone, as well as good timber 
 for building ; and poflefles a very advan- 
 tageous outlet for boats, by means of Pow- 
 ell's River, which alfo is well flocked witli 
 fiili. About the middle of the valley is 
 a natural bridge over a fmall creek form- 
 ed by 3 regular arches, 50 feet long, 40 
 high, and ao wide. In that part of ihis 
 valley which is in Tenneflee, Anderfon co. 
 is a poft office 550 miles from Walbington. 
 
 Poivbatan, the ancient name of James 
 River, in Virginia. 
 
 Porvbatati, a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ed N by James River, which fcparates it 
 from Goochland, and 8 by Amelia co. It 
 has its name in honour of the famous In- 
 dian king, the father of Pocahontas. It 
 contains 2,738 free inhabitants, and 5031 
 flaves. The court houfd in the above coun- 
 ty, where is a poft office, is 1 7 miles from 
 Carterfville, and 310 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Pownal, a flourifliiing townlbip in the 
 S W corner of Vermont, Bennington co. 
 S of the town of Bennington. It contiiins 
 1,692 inhabitants. Mount Belcher, a por- 
 tion of which is within the town of Pow- 
 
 Vot, I, M M m 
 
 nal, ft^nds partly in 3 of the States, viz. 
 N. York, Vermont, and MalTachufctts. 
 Mount Anthony, aifo, one of the moft 
 remarkable mountains in Vermont, lies 
 between this and Bennington. Hoofack 
 River winds beautifully through the S 
 part of this town. 
 
 Poivnalborough^ Lincoln CO. Maine, on 
 the E fide of Kcnnebeck River, now Wif- 
 cafTet ; which fee. 
 
 Pszuotv, a fmall river of EfTcx co. Maf- 
 I'achufetts, which rifcs in Kingfton in N. 
 Hampfliire. In its courfc it paf^cs over 
 fcveral falls, on which are mills of vari- 
 ous kinds, and empties into Merrimack 
 River, 7 miles from the fea, between the 
 towns of Salifbury and Amcfbury, con- 
 nected by a convenient bridge, with a 
 draw, acrofs the river. It is navigable a 
 mile from its mouth, and many veflcis arc 
 built on its banks. 
 
 Poyaisy a town of N. America, on the 
 W fide of Black River, in the province of 
 Honduras, about no miles W N W of 
 Secklong, and SS S of Cape Cameron, 
 which forms the N poiut of the entrance 
 of the river in the Sea of Honduras. 
 
 Prairie de Rocher^ La, or The Rock Mead" 
 oivs, a fettlement in the Indiana Territo- 
 ry, on the E fide of the Mifliiippi, on a 
 ftreara which empties into the Miffifippi, 
 1% miles to the S. It is 15 miles N W of 
 Kafkafkias village, and 5 N E by E of 
 Fort Chartres. About 30 years ago it 
 contained 100 white inhabitants, and So 
 negroes. 
 
 Prairie^ La, a populous little village, 
 with narrow dirty ftreets, on the river 
 St. Lawrence, in Canada, i8 miles N of 
 St. John, and 9 S W of Montreal. 
 
 Prajlin, Port, is on the N fide of the 
 lands of the Arfacides, in S lat. 7 25, E 
 long, from Paris 155 32; difcovered and 
 entered by M. de Surville, 0(5t. 1 2, 176^ 
 The iflands which form this port are cov- 
 ered with trees, and at high water arc 
 partly overflowed. The artful native* 
 entrapped fome of Surville's men in an 
 ambufcade, in confcquence of which 30 
 or 40 of the favagcs were killed. The 
 inhabitants of thefe iflands are in general 
 of the negro kind, with black woolly 
 hair, flat noles, and thick lips. 
 
 Ptefque IJle Major y of the St. LawrenCC, 
 
 U. Canada, is in front of the townfliip of 
 Matilda, above Point Iroquois. 
 
 Prefquc IJjy in the river St. Lawrence, 
 U. Canada, is in Edwardfliurgh, nearly 
 oppofite to Hofpital Ifland, aud above 
 Pointc au Gailope. 
 
 Prefyut 
 
p 11 1 
 
 p R r 
 
 ^refque JJle, a fmall ptniiifiila, on the 
 S E fliore of Lake Erie, S of Long Point, 
 on the oppofite fide of the lake ; 15 miles 
 from Fort Beauf, and 60 N by W of Ve- 
 nango, on Alleghany River. The garri- 
 Ibn jg upon a very coirimandiug fpot, jufc 
 oppofite the entrance of the bay. I'he 
 town commences 30 yards W of the old 
 Britifli fort, leaving a vacancy of 600 
 yards for a military parade and public 
 ^^'alk. The town, which is now build'ng, 
 \vill extend nearly 3 miles along the lake, 
 and I mile back. It has the beft harbour 
 on the S fide of the lake, and bids fair to 
 be a place of importance. It lit s in lat. 
 about 4a 10 N. Here is a pofi office 386 
 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Preforiy a village on the b.^nk of the 
 Ohio, in Kentucky, jufi: below the -Salt 
 Works. 
 
 Frejl»ns Salines. See CcvipbeHs, 
 
 Pitjicn, a town in N. London co. Con- 
 Btdlicut, 6 or 8 miles E of Norwirli, from 
 which it is divided by Shefucket River. 
 The towniliip was incorporated in 1687, 
 and contains 3,440 inhabitants, who are 
 chiefly farmcrsS. Here are two Congre- 
 gational Churches, and a fociety of Scpa- 
 ratifh. 
 
 Pi efvmfcut. See Pafumfcut and Cafco Bay. 
 
 Prince Anne^ a maritime CO. of Vir- 
 ginia. It is bounded W by Norfolk co. 
 S by N. Carolina, N by the Chefapeak 
 Bay. It is 30 miles long, 29 broad, con- 
 taining 5,385 white, and 3,574 black in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Prlncefs Ann, a poft town of Maryfand, 
 on the E fhore of Chefapeak Bay, in 
 Somerfet co. on the E iide of Monokin 
 River, 89 miles S E of Baltimore, and 
 178 S by W of Philadelphia. \l contains 
 about aoo inhabitants. 
 
 Prince Edivard, a county of Virginia, 
 between the Blue Ridge and the tide- 
 waters. It contains 5,041 free inhabit- 
 ants, and 5,921 fl'ivet. Hampden Syd- 
 ney College is in this county. "I'he build- 
 ing is 3 fl^ories high, and large enough to 
 accommodate 60 Audeuts. The court 
 houfe, at which is a port office, is 38 
 miles from Cumberland court houfe, 50 
 from Lynchburg, and 358 from Phila- 
 delphia. The principal rivers are BufFa- 
 loe,Briery,and Bull). The foil in the mid- 
 dle and on the N fide, bordering on the 
 Appamaltox, is of a good quality ; the 
 W and S part is lefs fertile. In diis coun- 
 ty are 3 Epifcopal, 3 Prtfbyterian, 3 
 Baptifi^, and l Methodift church. 
 
 Printt Ediuatd Cuuuty is bounded S by 
 
 ; Lake Ontario, W by the carrying ptace, 
 I on the Ifthmus of the Prefque Ifle dc 
 j Qninte, N by the Bay of Quinte, and E 
 I frorn Point Pleafant to Point Travcrfc, 
 by \\7, feveral fliores and bays, includ- 
 ing the late townfnips of Ameliafburgh^ 
 Sophiafburgh and Maryfburgh. It com- 
 prehends all the iflands'in Lake Ontario, 
 and the Bay of Qinnie near to it. Smyth. 
 
 Prince Edtvard'sIJes. See Wajhingtons IJles^ 
 
 Prince Frederick, a pariilx in George- 
 town diftria, S. Carolina. 
 
 Prince Frederick, the chief town of Cal- 
 vert CO. Maryland ; 3 miles foutherly of 
 Huntingtown, and 6 N E of Benedict. 
 
 Prince Geftrgf, a paiifii oi Georgetown 
 diftricl, S. Carolina. « 
 
 Prince Ger>rge, a county of Virginia^ 
 bounded N by James River, Avhich 
 waflics it about ^^1; miles. The medium 
 breadth is 16 miles. It contains 3,045 
 free inhabitants, and 4,380 flaves. There 
 are 5 Epifcopal churches in the county, 
 one meeting for Friends, and feveral 
 Methodifl meetings. The Baptifts have 
 occafional meetings, and to this fe(5l the 
 negroes feem particularly attached. It 
 is a fruitful country, and abounds witli 
 wheat, corn, flax, cotton, and tobacco. 
 Cotton here is an annual plant ; and in 
 fummer, moft of the inhabitants appear 
 in outer garments of their own manufac- 
 ture. The timber confifirs of oaks of va- 
 rious kinds, and of a good quality, fuffi- 
 cient to build a formidable navy, and 
 within a convenient didance of naviga- 
 tion. It has all the difFerent fpecie*, 
 knovm in the eaftern States, and others 
 which do not grow there. Here is alfo 
 abundance of wild grapes, flowering 
 fhrubs, farfaparilla, fnake-root, and gin- 
 fcng. Apples are inferior in fpirit and 
 taftc £0 ihofe. in the eaflern States; but 
 peaches have a flavour unknown there. 
 The almond and Sg grow here in the opcu 
 air. Immenfe quantities of pork and ba- 
 con are cured here, and form the princi- 
 pal food of the inhabitants. Veal is ex- 
 cellent ; mutton IndiiTerent ; poultry of 
 every kind in perf£<i>ion and in abun- 
 dance. The w inters are fliort and gen- 
 erally pltafint ; and the country cannot 
 be conftdered unhealthy. 
 
 Prime George, a county of Maryland, 
 on the W fliore of Chefapeak Bay, be- 
 tween Patowmic and Patuxet Rivers, and 
 is watered by numerous creeks which 
 empty into thofe rivers. The eaflera 
 coi-ner of the territory of Columbia, bor- 
 ders upon the W part of this county. It 
 contains 
 
P R I 
 
 r R I 
 
 contains 11,183' inhabitants, of whom 
 13,191 are flaves. 
 
 Prince of IValts, Cape^ is remarkable for 
 being the moft wclterly point of the con- 
 tinent of I>I. Anierica, and the eaftern lim- 
 it of Behring's Straits, between Alia and 
 America ; the two continents bf-ing here 
 only about 39 miles apart. The mid 
 channel has xH fathoms water. N iat. 6$ 
 46, W long. i6u 15. 
 
 Piince ijf Wub.i^ Forts in New North 
 Wales, N America, a factory belonging 
 to the Britirt) Hutifon's Bay Company, on 
 Churchill Riven The nrtau henc here 
 ■is 18 7 
 
 Leaft heat — 45 
 Gre^tcft heat 85 
 It Iks in Iat. 58 47 30 N, and long. 94 7 
 30 W. 
 
 Princt of Wales Jfland, in tlie S. Pacific 
 Ocean, is about 'zo leagues long, and W 
 10 S, dilt:ant48 leagues from Otaheite, or 
 King George's Illand. S Iat. 15, and W 
 long. 151 53 at the W end. The varia- 
 tion of the needle in 1766, was 5 %o £. 
 
 Prince Rupert's JBjy, 0\\ the N W coaft 
 t'f the iiland of Dominica, one of the Ca- 
 ribbee Iflands, where tliere is excellent 
 flichcr from the winds. It is deep, capa- 
 cious and fand)% and is the principal bay 
 in the ifland. It is of great advantage in 
 time of a war with France, as a fleet may 
 here intercept all the W. India trade. On 
 this bay is fittiated the new town of Portf- 
 mouth, N of which is a cape called Prince 
 Rupert's Head. 
 
 Prims s Say^ on the S fide cf Statea Ifl- 
 and, N. York. 
 
 Princeton y A townfliip of Maflach ufctts, 
 Worccftcr co. 15 miles N by W of Wor- 
 cefter, and 51 W by N of Bofton. The 
 townlhip contains 19,000 acres of elevat- 
 ed, hilly, but llrong and rich laud, adapt- 
 ed to grafs and grain. Excellent beef, 
 butter and checfe, are its principal pro- 
 duAions. The manfion-houfe and farm 
 of his Honor the late Lieut. Governor 
 Gill, one of the moft elegant fituations, 
 and fineft farms in the Commonwealth, is 
 in this town, and adds much to its orna- 
 ment and wealth. A handfome Congre- 
 gational church, on a high hill, com- 
 mands a molt extenfive and rich profpccl 
 of the furrounding country. Wachufett 
 Mountain, the moft noted in the State, is 
 ia the N part of the townfliip. Here, as 
 in many other towns, is a valuable focial 
 library. Princeton was incorporated in 
 1759, and contains lozi inhabitajits. 
 
 Printetsrif a poft town of N. Jcrfty, fit- 
 
 (uated partly in Middlefex, and partly in 
 Somerlet counties. Naflau Hall College, 
 an infiitution wbich has produced a great 
 1 nund:cr of eminent fcholars, is very pleaf- 
 antly ikuattd in the compa<ft part of this 
 town. Here a;e about 80 dweiling- 
 houfes, and a brick Prelbyterian church. 
 The college edifice, is a handfome ftonc 
 building, of 180 feet by 54, four ftorics 
 high, and ftancls on an elevated and 
 healthful fp'>t, and commands an exten- 
 five ?.nd dthgluiul profpedl. The eftat)- 
 lilLnvcnc, in 1796, confifled of a prefi- 
 deni, wiw) if? xiifo ^irofefTur of moral phi- 
 loiophr, theology, natural and revealed ; 
 hiftory, and eloquence ; a profeficr of 
 mathematics, natural phiiolbphy, and 
 artronomy .; a profefi"or of chymiftry, 
 whicli fabject is treated in reference to 
 agriculture and manufatSlurcs, as well as 
 medicine : befides thefe, two tutors have 
 the inftruiStion of the two loweft claiTes. 
 The clwice of the clafllcal books, and the 
 arrangement of the fever al branches of 
 cducaticn, of the lectures, and of other 
 literary excrcifes, arefuch, as tv) give the 
 (Indents the beft opportunity tor im- 
 provement, in the whole Encyclopedia 
 of fcience. I'he number of ftudents is 
 from 70 to 90, befides the grammar 
 fchool. The annual income cf the col- 
 lege at prefent, by the fees of the flu- 
 dents, and otherwife, is about ^1000 
 currency a year. It lias, befides, funds 
 in pofltlEon, through the extraordinary 
 hberality of Mr.James Leflie,of N. York, 
 and Mrs. Efthcr Richards, of Rahway, to 
 the amount of 10,000 dolls, for the edu- 
 cation of poor and pious youth for the 
 miniftry of the golpel ; and the revcrfion 
 of an eftate in Philadelphia for the fame 
 purpofe, of between ^C^oo and >C3'^c> per 
 annum, a legacy of the lace Mr. Hugh 
 Hodge, a man of eminent piety, which is 
 to come to the college at the death of a. 
 very worthy and aged wido.v. The col- 
 lege library was almoft wholly dtftroyed 
 during the late war ; and again, in the 
 fpring of 1802, when the college was 
 burnt by defign or accident. But by the 
 liberal donations of gentlemen in the 
 cities and principal towns in the United 
 States, the college has beta rebuilt, and 
 a new library collected. Before the war, 
 this college was furnilhed with a philo- 
 fophical apparatus, worth £500, which 
 (except the elegant orrery conftrudicd by 
 Mr. Rittenhoufe) was almoft entirely de- 
 riroyed by the Brit i ill army in the late 
 war. Prmcttoa i$ 1% miks N £ of Tren- 
 ton , 
 
PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 ton, 18 S W of Brunfwick, 53 S W of 
 N. York, and 4 z N E of Philadelphia. N 
 lat. 40 2 2 li, W long. 74 34 45. 
 
 Frrncct'jtiy a fmall poll town of N. Car- 
 olina, 3 niiifs from Murfrteborough,and 
 35 from Hnlifax. 
 
 Pt'tncc William^ A county of Virginia, 
 bounded W by Farquier, and E by Pa- 
 tomac Rivtr, which divides it fron^ Ma- 
 ryland. It contains 7,317 free inhabit- 
 ants, and 5,4 16 flaves. 
 
 Frincs IViiliam a parifh in Beaufort 
 diftridl, S. Carolina. 
 
 Prince iVillia?n"s Sovnd, on the N W 
 coaft of N. America, lies E of the mouth 
 of Cook's River. At its mouth arc three 
 iflands, Montague, Rofe,andKay. It was 
 judged by Captain Cook to occupy a de- 
 gree and a half of latitude, and two of 
 longitude, ^xclufively of its arms and 
 branches, which were not explored. 
 
 Fro. See Foint le Fro. 
 
 FrofptBy a port town of Maine, late 
 part of Frankfort^ is oppoGte Buckftown, 
 on Penohlcot River, 16 miles below Or- 
 rington, and 736 from Wafliington. 
 
 FrofpeSi Harbour^ on the S coaft of No- 
 va-Scotia, has Cape Sambro and Ifland 
 eaftward, and is a leagues N E of St. Mar- 
 garet's Bay. 
 
 FrfpeR Hill, Fairfax co. Virginia. Here 
 is a p')ft office 14 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Fr't'dence, a liver which fails into Nar- 
 ragauict Baj on the W fide of Rhode- 
 Ifland. It riles by feveral branches, part 
 of which come from Maflachufctts. It is 
 navigable as far as Providence for fliips 
 of 9C0 ions 30 miles from the icA, It af- 
 fords fine fifli, oyftcrs and lobflcrs. 
 
 Froviden,t\ a county of Rhode Ifland 
 State, boundtd by Maflachufetts N and 
 E, by Connedlicut W, and Kent co. S. 
 It contains 9 townfliips, and 2^,854 in- 
 habitants. Scituate is famous for its ex- 
 cel hnt cannon foundtry. 
 
 FroviJence, the chief town of the above 
 CO. fituated 30 miles N by W from New- 
 port, and 35 from the fea, at the head of 
 navigation of Narraganfet Bay, on both 
 fides of Providence River, the two parts 
 of the town being connecStcd by a bridge 
 160 feet long and zz wide. It is the old- 
 eft t<\vn in tht State, having been fettled 
 by Roger Williams and his company in 
 1636 ; and lies in lat 41 49 N, and long. 
 71 23 W, 44 miles S by W of Bofton, and 
 2191 N E of Philadelphia. Ships of almoft 
 any fizc, fail up and down the channel, 
 vrhich is marked out by flakes, creCled 
 at points of fboaU and bedi lying ia the 
 
 river, fo that a ftrangcr may corae up to 
 the town without a pilot. A (hip of 950 
 tons, for the Eaft India trade, was built in 
 this town, and fitted for fca. In 1764, 
 there were belonging to the county of 
 Providence 54 fail of vcfTcIs, containinjj 
 4,3*0 tons. In i790,there were 129 vef- 
 fels, containing 11,942 tons. This town 
 fufFered much by tlie Indian war of 1675, 
 when a number of its inhabitants re- 
 moved to Rhode Ifland for flieher. In 
 the late war, the cafe was reverfed ; ma- 
 ny of the inhabitants oi that illand re- 
 moved to Providence* The public build- 
 ings are an elegant meeting houfe for 
 Baptifts, 80 feet fqnare, with a lofty and 
 beautiful fteeple, and a large bcH caU at 
 the Hope Furnace in Scituate ; a meeting 
 houft for Friends or Quakers ; three for 
 Congrtgationalifts, one of which, lately 
 trcdted, is the moft elegant, perhaps, in 
 the United States; au Epifcopal church; 
 a handfome court houfe, 70 feet by 40, in 
 which is depofited a library for the ufe 
 of the inhabitants of the town and coun- 
 try; a workhoufe, a market houfe, 80 
 feet long and 40 wide, and a brick fchool* 
 houfe, in which four fchools are kept. 
 Rhode Ifland college is cftablifhed at 
 Providence. The elegant building crc(5t- 
 ed for its accommodation, is fituated ou 
 a hill to the E of the town ; and while 
 its elevated fituation renders it delightful, 
 by commanding an extenfive, variegated 
 profpedl, it furniflves it with a pure, fa- 
 lubrious air. The edifice is of brick, four 
 ftories high, 150 feet long, and 46 wide, 
 with a projc(5li<)n of 20 feet each fide. 
 It has 48 rooms for fludents, and 8 larger 
 ones for public ufes. The roof is flated. 
 It is a flourifliing feminary, and contain! 
 upwards of 60 ftudents. It has a library 
 containing between i ?nd 3000 volumes, 
 and a valuable philofophical apparatus. 
 The houfes in this town are generally 
 built of wood, though there are fome 
 brick buildings which are large and ele- 
 gant. At a convenient Uifliance from the 
 town, an hofpital for the fmall-pox and 
 other difeafes has been erecSted. There 
 are two fpermaccti works, a number of 
 diflillerics, fugar houfes, and other manu- 
 fadlorics. Several forts were erecSled in 
 and near the town during the war, which, 
 however, are not kept in repair. It ha» 
 an extenfive trade vrith Maflachufetts, 
 ConnttSlicut, and part of Vermont ; with 
 thcW.Indies,withEuropc,and lately with 
 the E, Indies and China. Several 'bankfi 
 have *lfo becB tftabliikcd be^cc, and a cot- 
 
 t«* 
 
PRO 
 
 P U E 
 
 ton manufaaory, which employs Ipo 
 hand* ; with which is conntdlcd a mill 
 for fpinning cotton, on the model of Sir 
 R. Arkwright»9 mill. It is ereacd at 
 Pawtucket Falls, in North Providence, 
 and is the firft of the kind built in Amer- 
 ica. The txportR for one year, ending 
 Sept. 30, T794, amounted to the value of 
 643,373 dollars. It contains 7,614 in- 
 habitants, all free. 
 
 Providence, North, a townfliip of Rhode 
 IHand, in Providence co. N of the town 
 of Providence, and feparatcd from the 
 State of Maflachufetts on the E by Paw- 
 tucket River. It contains 1,067 inhabi- 
 tants. Pawtucket Falls, in this town, are 
 4 miles N of Providence. This town 
 was formerly a part of Providence. 
 
 Providsnce, a townfliip of N. York, In 
 Saratoga co. taken from Galway, and in- 
 corporated in 1796. it has 1,888 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Providence^ Upper and Loiver^ townfhips 
 in Delaware co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Providence, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 CO. Pennfylvania. It has 1,546 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Providence^ one of the Bahama IHands, 
 and the fecond in lize of thofe fo called ; 
 being about 36 miles in length and 16 in 
 breadth. N lat. 24 58, W long, at its E 
 part, 77 21. It \\A% formerly called y^^a- 
 *o, and is frequently named Nevt Provi- 
 dence. Chief town, Naflau. 
 
 Providence, an uninhabited iHand on 
 the coafl: of Honduras, 1 1 miles long and 
 4 broad. It h^s a fertile foil, wholefome 
 air, and plenty of water, and might be 
 eafily fortified. It is feparated from the 
 continent by a narrow channel. Here 
 arc neither ferpents nor venomous rep- 
 tiles. N lat. 13 a6, W long. 80 45. 
 
 Province, an ifland in Delaware River, 
 6 miles below Philadelphia. It is joined 
 to the main land by a dam. 
 
 Province Toiun is fituated on the hook 
 of Cape Cod, in Barnftablc co. Maflachu- 
 fetts, 3 miles N W of Race Point. Its 
 harbour, which is one of the befl: in the 
 State, opens to the fouthward, and has 
 depth of water for any fhips. This was 
 the firft port entered by the Englifli 
 v/hen they came to fettle in N. England, 
 in 1620. It has been in a thriving and 
 decaying ftate many times. It is now rif- 
 Ing, and contains 8ta inhabitants, whofe 
 folc dependence is upon the cod fifli- 
 ery, in which they employ more than 
 30 fail, great and fmall. Ten of their 
 Tcflcb, in 1790, took 11,000 quintals of 
 
 cod'AHi. The fifhlng veflels go to New- 
 foundland, the coaft of Labrador, and 
 Chaleur Bay, and bring home annually 
 about 33,000 quintals of fifli, eftimated 
 at 34 dollars per quintal. Three hundred 
 men and boys are employed in this bufi* 
 nefs. I'hcy arc fo expert and fuccelT- 
 ful, that they had not loft a veflel or a 
 man in the bufinefs, from the clofe of the 
 war till 1790. Here are 9c ftores for 
 flfli, 5 for fmoking herring; alfo 136 
 dwelling houfcs, and a windmills, one of 
 which goes with fliers inflde, and appears 
 like a lofty tower. Here is a free mafon's 
 hall, in the lower ftory of which are two 
 fchool rooms. The houfts are one ftory 
 high, and fet up on piles, that the driving 
 fands may pafs under them ; othcrwifc 
 they would be buried in fand. They 
 raife nothing from their lands, but arc 
 wholly dependent on Bofton, and the 
 towns in the vicinity, for every vegetable 
 production. There are but two horfes 
 and two yokes of oxen kept in the 
 town. They have about 50 cows, which 
 feed in the fpring upon beach grafs, 
 which grows at intervals upon the fhore ; 
 and in fummer they feed in the funken 
 ponds and marfliy places that are found 
 between the fand-hills. Here the cows 
 are feen wading, and even fwimming, 
 plunging their heads into the water up 
 to their horns, picking a fcanty fubflft- 
 cnce from the roots and herbs, produced 
 in the water. They are fed in the win- 
 ter on fedge, cut from the flats. Here is 
 a poft office. Lat. 4a 3 N, long. 70 9 W, 
 lao miles from Bofton by land. 
 
 Prucreos, a cape on the coaft of New 
 Spain, in the South Sea. 
 
 Prudence, a fmall ifland, nearly as large 
 as Canonnicut, and lies N of ir, in Narra-* 
 ganfet Bay. It belongs to the town of 
 Portfmouth, in Newport co. Rhode lil.uiid. 
 The N end is nearly oppolite to Briftol 
 on the E fide of the bay. 
 
 Puan, or Green Bay, has communicatioa 
 eaftward with Lale Michigan ; which fee, 
 alfo Green Bay. 
 
 Puebla de los Angelas, the prcfent capital 
 of the province of Tlafcala, or Los Ange- 
 los. See Angelas. 
 
 Pueblo Nuevo, or Nezctown, at the bot- 
 tom of the gulf of Dolce, on the W coaft 
 of Mexico. It is 7 leagues N by W of 
 Baia Honda, or Deep Bay. The illand 
 of this name is oppoflte the town and 
 mouth of the river of its name, in the 
 bottom of Frefli Water Bay, in lat. about 
 8 50 N, and long. 8.;| a8 W. 
 
 Puerto, 
 
PUR 
 
 Puerto^ the Italian name for port. 
 Names of this defcnption, adopted by 
 the Spaniards will be found under Port 
 or Potto. 
 
 Pulajki, a county of Kentucky, contain- 
 j"g 3 361 inhabitant's, ot whom 232 are 
 flaves. At ithc court houfe is a port of- 
 fice, 663 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Puna, an ifland nrartkc bay of Guaya- 
 tjuil, on the coaft of Peru, ^'bout laor 14 
 leagues long, from E to W, and 4 or 5 
 broad. There is an Indian town of the 
 fame name, on its S fide, having about 
 ao houfcs. and a fmall church. The 
 houfes all fland on pofts 10 or 12. feet 
 high, with ladders on the outfide to go 
 up to them. From the ifland Santa Clara 
 in the bay of Guayaquil to the weltcrnmoft 
 point of the iliand, called Punta Arena, 
 is 7 leagues E N E. S lat. 3 17, W long. 81 6. 
 
 Punjo Bay^ in Eaft Florida. See Chut 
 ham Bay. 
 
 Punta Fort, one of the large batteries or 
 caftles, and the lecond in order, at the 
 mouth of the harbour of the Havannah, 
 in the ifland of Cuba. It is alfo called 
 Mefa de Maria, or the Virgin Mary's 
 Table. 
 
 Punta, and Punta Bra-va, towns of Mex- 
 ico. See A'i[;e/cs. 
 
 Punta de Pedras, a Cape on the N W ex- 
 tremity of the peninfula of Yucatan, in 
 New Spain. 
 
 Punta F.fpada, the S E point of St. Do- 
 mingo ; 65 leagues, following the turnings 
 of the coait, E of Nifao, and 16 leagues 
 from Cape Raphael. The S E part of 
 the ifland confifls chiefly of exteniive, rich 
 plains. 
 
 Punta Gorda, a peninfula tm the S fide 
 of the ifland of Cuba, S E of Ifle de Finos, 
 90 W of the gulf of Xagua, and 70 E of 
 Bohia de Corlcs. 
 
 Punta Negrillo, the weflern point of the 
 ifland of Jamaica. 
 
 Purification^ a town of New Mexico, 14 
 leagues from the W coafl:, and maintains 
 a fifhery near the low lands of -Chametla. 
 
 Puryjhurg, a handfome town of S. Car- 
 olina, in Beaufort diftridt, on the E fide 
 of Savannah River, 37 miles from the 
 ocean, and -20 from Savannsh. It con- 
 tains between 40 and 50 dwelling houfes, 
 and anEpifcopal church. It took its name 
 from John Peter Pury, a Swifs, who fet- 
 tled a colony of his countrymen here 
 about the year 1735, with a view to the 
 eulture of filk. The mulberry-trees are 
 yet (landing, and feme attectioa is fiill 
 f>aid to the making of filk. 
 
 Q^U A 
 
 Puta'watatHes,OT PouteotamieSjlndlSins who 
 inhabit between St. Jofeph's and Detroit, 
 and canfurnifh about joo warriors. There 
 are two tribes of this name, the one of 
 the river St. Jofeph, and the other of Hu- 
 ron. They were lately hofrile ; but at 
 the treaty of Greenville, Auguft 3, 1795, 
 they reded lands to the United States ; 
 wlio in return paid them a fum in hand, 
 and engaged to pay them in goods to the 
 value of 1000 dollars a year forever. 
 
 Putney, a thriving port town in Wind- 
 ham CO. Vermont, on the W fide of Con- 
 nedlicut River, S of Wtftminfter. Inhal»- 
 itants 1,574, 
 
 Pylfaarty an ifland of the Pacific Oceaa. 
 Lat. 22 22 S. Iti grcBteft breadth is a 
 quarter of a league. It is fleep ; on its £ 
 fide ar€ trees. 
 
 5< 
 
 Q:, 
 
 U ADR AS Iftes, on the N W coafl: cf 
 N. America, He between Pintard's Sound 
 and the Straits de Fuca. Nootka Souiid 
 lies among thcie iflands. In 1792, two 
 Spanifli fchooners, and 'ais Britannic ma- 
 jeCy's Ihip Difcovery, and brigantinc 
 Chatham, palled through this channel ; 
 but the former firft ; hence Capt. Ingra- 
 ham called the ifles by the name of the 
 Spanillr commander. 
 
 ^laiertozvn, a poft town in Bucks co. 
 Pennfylvania, 184 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 ^ampeogan Falls, at the head of the 
 tide on Newichwanock River, which 
 joins Pilcataqua River, 10 miles from the 
 fea. The natives give the Falls this 
 name, becaufe fifli were there taken 
 with nets. At theic falls are a fct of faw 
 and other mills ; and a landini; place, 
 where great quantities of lumber is rafted 
 on fcov/s. Here the river has the Englifh 
 name of Salmon Falls River, from the 
 plenty of falmon there caught. In the 
 memory of people who lived 50 years 
 ago, thefe fifli were fo plenty as to be 
 firuck with fpears on the rocks ; but 
 none now alive remember to have feen 
 any there. The faw mills vyhere the dam 
 croiTes the ftream are the furc deftru6lion 
 of that fpecies of fifli. Tomcod, or frolt- 
 fillr> fmelts and alcwivcs abound here. 
 The place called Salmon Falls is covered 
 with ufeful mills. Above thefe we meet 
 with the Great Falls, where faw-mills are 
 continued to great advantage. On many 
 places from Quampeagan to the pond, 
 from whence it iflucs, are mills for board* 
 and corn. 
 
 ^htarequa^ 
 
QJSZ 
 
 ^•arequa, a place fituated in the Gulf j 
 of Darien. Here Vafqucs Nunez met j 
 wkh a colony of negroes; but how they i 
 had arrived in that region, or how long j 
 they had relided iu It, are iK)t recorded | 
 by the Spanilh hifiorians. 1 
 
 ^arle-/'vrll.Oy a pofl town in Brunfwick 
 ■CO. Virginia, 204 miles from Walhington. 
 !^ebec, the capita), not only of Lower 
 Canada, but of all BritiHi America, is fit- 
 uated at the confluence of the rivers St. 
 Lawrence and St. Charles, or the Little 
 River, about 2>'^o miles from the fea. It 
 is built on a rock, which io partly of 
 marble and partly of flatc. The town 19 
 divided into Upfer and Lo-wer. Near it 
 is a fine lead mine. This city contained, 
 in the year 1784, 6,472 inhabitants, but 
 nov/ has more than 10,000, two thirds of 
 whom are French. A large garriibn is 
 Supported here, and this, with the gover- 
 nor's preience, the courts, &c. render the 
 town a gay and lively place. At the 
 tim.e when the city was founded, in 1608, 
 the tide, it is faid, reached the foot of the 
 rock; but fince that time the river has 
 tunk fo far,, that a large fpot of ground is 
 left dry, and oa this a large fuburb is 
 built, which is .ftykd the Leiver Toivn, 
 which {lands at the foot af a rocky prec- 
 ipice, about 48 feet high. The houfes in 
 the lower town, (as aUo thofe in the Up- 
 per) are of flone. flrong, and v/ell built, 
 and chiefly inhabited by merchants, being 
 conveniently near their bufinefs. The 
 fortifications are extenfivc but irregular. 
 The natural lituation of the town renders 
 Its defence eafy. If attacked by fhrps 
 from the river, their guns cannot injure 
 the works of the upper town, though the 
 ihips themfelves would be liable to great 
 injury from the cannon and bombs from 
 thefe elevated ramparts. The lower town 
 is defended by a platform flajiked with 
 two baftions, which at high water and 
 fpring tides are almoft level with the fur- 
 face of the water. A little above the 
 ba{t!On,to the right, is a half baflion, cut 
 cut of the rock; a little higher a large bat- 
 tery ; and higher ftill a fquare fort, the 
 moft regular of all the fortifications, and 
 in which the governor refides. The paf- 
 fages which form a communication be- 
 tween thefe works arc extremely rugged. 
 The rock which feparates the upper from 
 the lower town, extends, with a bold and 
 ileep front, a coniiderable diftance weft- 
 ward, idong the river St. Lawrence. The 
 lower town is well fupplicd with water, 
 v?liich is fometimca fcarce iu the upper 
 
 QJ3 E 
 
 town. This city was beficgcd by rfie 
 Britifli in 1711, without fucccfs; but was 
 taken by them, in Sept, 1754, when the 
 brave Gen. Wolf, who commanded the 
 array of beQegers, loft his life. In Dec. 
 I775> 't ^vas attacked by the Americans 
 under the command of the brave Gen. 
 Montgomery, who was flain, and his army 
 repulfed. N lat. 46 48 39, W long. 71 
 I a 6. 
 
 ^eecly, a river of Vermont, which, 
 empties into ConnetSblcut River at Hart- 
 land. 
 
 ^'een Anne, a poft town of Prince 
 George co. Maryland, fituated on the W 
 fide of Patuxent River, acrofs which is a 
 wooden bridge. The town is fmall, but 
 is laid out on a regular plan, at the foo* 
 of a hill. Here are a few ftores and two 
 ware-houfes for the infpe6lion of tobacco. 
 It is %s miles E N E of Walhington, 13, 
 S W of Annapolis, and 39 S by W of 
 Baltimore. 
 
 ^ccn Annex, a county of Maryland, 
 l>ouudcd W by Chefapeak Bay, and N 
 by Kent co. It contains 14,8.57 inhabit- 
 ants, including 6,517 flaves. Chief town, 
 Centervillc. Kent Illand belongs to this 
 county ; 14 miles in length, from N to S, 
 and 6^ in breadth, from E to W. It i* 
 low, but fertile land, and its eaftern fide 
 is bordered with fait marfli. 
 
 ^ecn Charlottes I/lands, on the N W 
 coaft of North America, extend from lat, 
 51 41 to 54 18 N, and from long. 129 
 54 to 133 18 W from Greenwich. Thty 
 are named Wajhington IJhs by Americaa 
 navigators. / 
 
 ^tens, the middle county of Long TH. 
 N. York. Lloyd's Neck, or Queen's Vil- 
 lage, and the illands called theTwo Broth- 
 ers and Hallet's Jflands, are included in 
 this county. It is about 30 miles long, and 
 12 broad, and contains 6 townfliips, and 
 16^893 inhabitantSjincluding 1,528 ilaves. 
 Jamaica, Newtown, Hampftead,in which 
 is a handfome court houfe.and Oyfter Bay, 
 are the principal towns in this county. 
 The county court houfe is 8 miles from 
 Jamaica, 10 from Jericho, and 20 from 
 New York. 
 
 ^cens, a county of Nova Scotia, com- 
 prehending a part of the lands on the 
 cape, on the S fide of the Bay of Fundy. 
 The fettlements are as follows : Argy'e, 
 on the Sfide of the Bay of Fundy, whfrc 
 a few Scotch and Acadians rellde ; next 
 to this is Yarn\outh, fettled cliieHy by 
 emigrants from New England ; Barrin?-*. 
 ton, within the iilaud, called Cape Satvc-, 
 
 fetded 
 
QJJ I 
 
 fctt]ed originally by Quakers from Nan- 
 tucket. Bcfides thefc are Port Raifoir, 
 fo called by the French, and originally 
 fcttkd by the North Irilh ; Liverpool and 
 Port Rofeway, fettled and inhabited by 
 emigrants from New England. 
 
 ^eepfbury^ a townfliip in Wafhington 
 CO N. York, bounded eafterly by Weft- 
 field and Kingfbury. It contains 1,435 
 inhabitants. Glen's Falls are in tiiis 
 town. 
 
 ^cenjioivn^ in Queen Ann's co. Mary- 
 land, a poft town on the E fide of Chcfter 
 River, 6 miles S W of Centerville, nearly 
 ao E of Annapolis, and b^ from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 ^senjloivn^ in U. Canada, b'es on the 
 "W fide of the Straits of Niagara, near 
 Fort Niagara, and 7 miles below the falls. 
 It is at the head of navigation, for fhips ; 
 and the portage occafioned by the falls 
 of Niagara commences here. There are 
 huts enough here to receive a regiment. 
 ^efne^ Fort du. See Pittjburgb. 
 ^ibiletoivn^ a village in Middlefex co. 
 N. Jcrfey, 6 miles N of New Brunfwick. ! 
 ^ibo, an ifland in the mouth of the i 
 bay of Panama. It is uninhabited ; but 
 affords wood and water to fhipping. j 
 
 ^Uca^ a rich valley in Peru, on which ' 
 ftands the ancient city of Arequipa. The j 
 port of Quika is in about lat. 17 8 S, 10 j 
 leagues N W of the fmall river of Xuly, 
 and 6 from the volcano of Arequipa. 
 
 ^illota, a fmall jurifdidtion of Chili, in 
 South America. 
 
 ^tnaiaugy a river formerly called Mo- 
 legan, which rifes in Brimfield, Mafla- 
 chufetts, and is joined at Oxford by 
 French River, which has its fource in Sut- 
 ton, Worcefter co. It runs a foutherly 
 courfe, and empties into Shetuckct, about 
 3 miles above Norwich Landing, in Con- 
 necflicut. In the iiift part of its courfe 
 it furnilTics many good mill feats ; as it 
 advances, the intervals in many places 
 are wide, and of a moft excellent foil. 
 
 ^!/!cy, a poft town of MafTachufetis, 
 in Norfolk co. taken from Braintree, 10 
 miles foutherly of Bofton. It has 1,081 
 inhabitants. The principal part of the 
 inhabitants are farmers; but large quan- 
 tities of flioes and hoots are manufadlur- 
 cd for exportation. In the town is an 
 Epifcopal and Con2re^;'.tional church. 
 Here reftdc; in eafe and dignity the ven- 
 erable chriftian patriot Job?} Alams, late 
 Prefident of the U. States. See Braintree. 
 ^ninepaugCy or Eijl River ^ in Connecti- 
 cut, runs a foutheriy courfe, and empties j 
 
 CLU I 
 
 I into the N E corner of New Haven har- 
 bour. 
 
 ^infigamond^ Worcefier^ or Long Poni^ 
 is a beautiful piece of water in the form 
 of a crefcent, about 5 miles in length, and 
 from 60 to 100 rods broad. It is fttuatcd. 
 on the line between the towns of Wor- 
 cefter and Shrewfbury, but the greater 
 part of it is in the latter. It is interfper- 
 fed with a number of illands, one of 
 which is upwards of aoo acres in extant. 
 ^inti, Bay of. This bay, which may- 
 be confidered throughout as a harbour, is 
 formed by a large peninfula, confifting of 
 the townfliips of Ameliafburgh, Sophiaf- 
 burgh, and Marylburgh, extending eaft- 
 erly from an ifthmus, where there is a 
 poitage at the head, or W end of the 
 bay, to Point Pleafant, the eafternmoft 
 extremity of the peninfula, oppofite to 
 Amherft IHand. The river Trent emp- 
 ties into the head of the bay, weftward of 
 the portage, and fupplies it with the wa- 
 ters of the Rice Lake. Weftward of the 
 portage, in Lake Ontario, is the harbour 
 of Prefque Ifte de Quintc, now called 
 New Caftle. This peninfula of the three 
 towrnfhips, called the county of Prince 
 Edward, extending from the main land 
 like an arm, hides from the Lake Ontario, 
 the townfliips of Sidney, Thurlow, Adol- 
 phuftown, and Frederickfburgh, which 
 front the N fide of the bay. The river 
 Trent difcharging itfclf between the town- 
 fliips of Murray and Sidney, finds its paf- 
 fage between the county of Prince Ed- 
 ward, and the townfliips on the N fide 
 of the bay; itsftream is increafed by the 
 Appannee River, running in from Cam- 
 den, and dividing Richmond from Fred- 
 erickfburgii, joins the waters of the bay 
 near John's Ifland, a fmall iile oppofite to 
 a fettlement of Mohawks, fo called after 
 Capt. John, a Mohawk chief, who refid- 
 ed there, and who with fome others of 
 that nation, had a tradt of land given 
 them by the king of Great Britain, of 
 about 9 miles in front on the bay, and 
 about I z miles deep : preferring this fitu- 
 tion, they feparated from the rtft of their 
 nation, who were fettled on the Grand 
 River, or Oufe. The fertility of the foil 
 about the bay of Quinte is generally al- 
 lowed. Tlie land is rich, ealiiy wrought, 
 and produces fevcral crops without ma- 
 nure ; 25 bufliels of wheat are often pro- 
 duced from an acre. The timber is 
 much like that of the other parts of the 
 province, oak, elm, hickory, maple, &c. 
 The bay is narrow throughout, and about 
 
Hit i 
 
 fi Ad 
 
 $6 miles long, all which diliance it Is 
 navigable for thofe fmall vefTcls which 
 are ufed on the lakes. An apparent tide 
 is frequently noticed in the bay of Quin- 
 ti, not diffimilar to thofe olifcivc;d in Ibme 
 t>f the upper lakes. The bay abounds 
 with wild fowl, and fifh of various kinds. 
 The river Trent afFotds a falmoa filliery. 
 In paffing from the head of the bay of 
 Quintl into Lake Ontario, yow crols a 
 very fliort portage, in front of the town- 
 fliip of Murray, being the iilhmus be- 
 tween it and the penlnfula of Prince Ed- 
 ward. At the end of the portage, and 
 before you enter Lake Oatario,>is a i'lnaU 
 Jake, exceedingly beautiful, and the land 
 fcfn its banks extremely good : to the 
 northward of this portage it is propofed 
 to make a canal to connect the waters of 
 the bay with thofe of the lake. A little 
 to the wcftward of the portage and pro- 
 pofed canal, is the harbour of Newcallle, 
 « fituatlon well fuited for commerce and 
 protctElion, and flieltered from all winds. 
 A knoll on the pcninfula affords a heal- 
 thy fcite for the town. ^ Smyi'j. 
 
 ^inte, Jjle flV, in Lake CIntario, U. Can- 
 ada, lies clofe off the fliore of Amcliaf- 
 burgh, and oppofite the W point that 
 inakes Sandy Bayw 
 
 ^i/picbancbiy a jtirifdlcniion In the dlc- 
 tcfe of Cufco In Peru, beginning at the S 
 gates of Quito, and llretching from E to W 
 about icleagues. The lands of this jurif- 
 diAion belong, in general, to the gentry of 
 Cufco, and produce plenty af wheat, 
 fnaize and fruits. Here arc alfo mana- 
 fadlures Of baize and coarfe woollen 
 ftuffs. Part of the jurifdlcflion borders 
 On the forefls inhabited by wild Indians, 
 and produces great quantities of coc.»,an 
 herb greatly ufed by the Indians w.orking 
 in the mines. 
 
 ^itapabilla^ a bratic^' of the Swetara, 
 which falls into the Sufquehannah at 
 Itliddleton. 
 
 ^ito, a province of Fer u. in S. Amer- 
 ica, hctving a temperate air, occafioned 
 by its elevated fituation. The plain of 
 Quito may be coiilrdertd as the bafe of 
 the Ajdes, and ts higher above tht fea i 
 than the top of the Pyrenees in Europe, j 
 ll is pretty well cultivated, and the towns 
 and villages are populous; the norrhern 
 parts abound with gold. The province 
 is about 400 miles long and zoo ^)roa<l. 
 Its chief to'-vns are Qu'to and Payta. 
 
 ^ho, chief town 111 the above prov- 
 ince, is next to Xima in population, if net 
 fuperior to ic. Some iay it contains 
 
 ^^ou E. N K n 
 
 35,000, others 50,000 inhabitants. If it 
 an inland city, and having no mines In itil, 
 neighbourhood, is chiefly fanious for its 
 rrianufacEiures of coiton, wool, and flax, 
 which fupply th^, kingdom of Peru. S 
 lat. 013, W long. 77 s^- It was fwallow- 
 td up by an earthquake, April Z4, 1755, 
 and has been rebuilt. 
 
 ^uivd, a province of California, thinly 
 intiabited, and but little known. 
 
 ^uixos, a diftritft of Peru, S. America. 
 
 ^iiudjybead. See Eafiport. 
 
 ^uoniehali-jok P'jnds, the head of GcngeS 
 River. See Hvpe ot BurrctJlQiun^ 
 
 R 
 
 ABLES, ip cux, fevcral fmall iflands. 
 at the entrance of Lake Superior, Upper 
 Canada, and at the E end of it, E oi 
 White Fifh Uland, and pretty ciofe to the 
 main land. ' f. 
 
 Rahlesy Po'tnte crw.. In Lake Superior, 
 oppoiitc Ifle au:: Rabies, the firfl point to 
 t!ie northward, after you enter the lake 
 from the falls of St. Ivlary. 
 
 Raby^ a fmall townfliip of New Hamp- 
 fliire, in Hilllborough co. about 65 miles 
 W by S of Portfmouthy ?ind 47 N W of 
 Bofton, k was incorporated in 1760, 
 and coiitained, in 1790^ 338 inhabitants. 
 The name has been iince changed. 
 
 RacCf Capsy the S E point Of Newfound- 
 land liland, in the North Atjautic Ocean, 
 4 leagues S of Cape Ballard. N lat. 46 
 43, W long. 5Z 49.- The Virgin Rocks, 
 much dreaded by mariners, are about 20 
 leagues to the S E of Cape Race. 
 
 Race Point, the N \Y extremity of Cape 
 Cod, Maffachufetts, a league N W of 
 Provlncetowu. When within a mile of 
 this point, with a fair wind and tide of 
 flood, yoar courfe to Bofton is N W by 
 W, di fiance 15 leagues. A nuntber of. 
 huts are eredled here on the loofe fands 
 by thofe who- coins from Provincetbwn 
 to fifli in hoats. 
 
 Racket Rivet has its fource near that of 
 the Hudfon. Hence it:, coupfc is N &- 
 through V,\rtc coniitlerabie lakes about 40 
 miles, thence its courfe is N l'^ W throo/gh 
 meadows which \\Ave no timber, thence 
 its navigation is good for 30 miles, afteiT 
 which, in ,?0 miles, it has more than 20 
 lapids and falls, fome 20, fome 40, and 
 one 150 feet. The river here is generally 
 TOO vrtrds broad, but in orre place it is 
 only live feet. About 30 miles before it 
 enters, the §fc L*wrwBce, it is a gentlf 
 ftrtaa*. Raymond, 
 
R A L 
 
 Kr A N^ 
 
 ' Radrvr, a fmall, pleafant town of Dcla- 
 wart CO. Pennrylvaaia. 'I'.his \)\\cc was 
 qriginallj calitcl Amjhl^ by the Dutch, 
 Vfhu began to build here. 
 
 Radnor^ a town of S. Carolina, lo miles 
 S W of Edmunclfbury, and 3a N E of Pu- 
 ryfburg. 
 
 Ragged Harbour, on the E coaftof Ncvv- 
 ftfundlanvi, is a part of Catahna Bay. 
 JVlany crag<n' rocks lie about tht entrance 
 erf it, borh within and withouc ; lb tiiat \ 
 It is very dangerous to enter. It is two 
 Itfsgues northward of Catahna haibour. 
 There is good water at the head of the 
 harbour. 
 
 Rabivay. See Ratoay. 
 
 Raimond, a ca^e on the S fide of the 
 Si peuinfula of St. Domingo ; a leagues 
 Vf of Point Baynct, and li W of Cape 
 Marechaux. It has the cove Petite Anfc ' 
 on the eaflj and that of Bicfiliere on thr 
 weft. ; 
 
 Rain Lahe b'es to the weflward of the I 
 chain of long lakes in the vicinity of the 
 Grand Portage of Lake Superior, Upper j 
 Canada. The waters of this lake are lup- \ 
 plied from fources near to the wcilcra- \ 
 mod part of Lake Superior ; but are car- i 
 ricd by a circuitous route into Hudfon 
 Bay. Smyth. I 
 
 ■RainbamTo'WnJhrp, in Norfolk cO. U. I 
 Canada, is the firll: townfliip fronting on ' 
 Lake Erie, W of the Grand River Lands, i 
 
 Raijin IJIcsy \jx Lake St.- Francisi Upper 
 Canada. I 
 
 Raiftnsy Riviere awx, U Canada, runs ^1 
 through the townlhips of Ofnabruck and li 
 Cornwall, the Indian land cppofire to St. \ 
 Regis and the town{l::ip of Charlottef- 
 burgh, emptying itfcif into Lake St. Fran- 1 1 
 cis, near the S W ang!e of the latter' 
 townfliip. j 
 
 Raleigh Toiufijhipi, in- ElTex co. U. Cana- ! 
 da, lies W of Harwich ; tlie Thames j 
 bounding it N, and Lake Erie S. | 
 
 Rainy IJland River ^ a frnali river of the ! 
 Indiana Territory ; havim^ a northweft j 
 courfc, and empties into Illinois River, | 
 about half way between th-; Little Rocks 
 and Illinois Lake, and Sn-c miles from the 
 Miflilippi. It is 15 yards wide, and is j 
 navig'ibie 9 miles to the rocks. 
 
 Rainy, or Long Late, lics E of the liakc ■ 
 
 of the Wood^, and W of Lake Superior, j 
 It is faid to be nc-irly ico miles long, and ' 
 in no part above io miles wide. See ^ 
 Rain Lake. \ 
 
 Raleigb, the pr'fcnt feat of government 1 
 of N. Carolina, fitnated in Wake county, { 
 abouf 10 raiks iVoai Wake court houk. I 
 
 In Dec. 1-91, the Gttieral AfTcmbly &t 
 the State appropriated ^"10,000 toward- 
 ere<5liug public buildings, and named if 
 after the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 under whole diiedtion the firfl fettlement 
 in N. America was made at Roanoke Ift- 
 and, in Aibemari^ S^nirid. The ftatr 
 houfe, a large handfome building, has- 
 been lately fihifl^ed, and cofl: ;^6,ooo. 
 Several other buildings have been trc<fl- 
 cd, and a number of dwelling houies. 
 The plan is regular, the ftreets interftdl- 
 ing each other at right angles. Its rt- 
 motcncfs from navigation is a great dif- 
 advantage. It is 6i miles N by E of Fay- 
 etteville, 147 from Peterfburg in Virginia, 
 ami 448 S W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Ramada, a maritime town of Granad<i, 
 in S. America. Near it is a copper mine. 
 N lat. II 10, W long. 71 20. 
 
 Rumfays Mills, in N. Carolina, are fit- 
 aated at the conHiiencc of Deep with the 
 N W branch of Cape Fear River ; about 
 2tS milc^ S W of ijCillfborough, and si S"' 
 E •f Guildford coaft houfe. 
 
 Ranai, one of the Sandwich Iflands, i» 
 the N. Pacific Ocean, N of Tahoorowa, 
 and N W of Mowee and Owhyhce. It 
 has about 24,oCo inhabitants. It aboundi 
 with yams, fwcet potatoes, and taro, but 
 has fpw pSaintains or breaal-fruit trees. 
 
 Rancheira, a town of Terra Firma, ift 
 the province of New Granada. N lat, 
 ir .'?4, W long. y^. 
 
 Ranckent, a fmali ifland on the coaft of 
 New Mexico, in lat. 7 14 N. It is near 
 the ifland of Qiiiho, and aiTord* timber 
 fit for mafia. 
 
 Randolph ^i\t<)^ to»vn of M^affachufett*,- 
 formed of the S precintft'of Braintree, in 
 Norfolk CO. in the year 1793. It is J 5 
 miles S by E of Bofton. The inhabitants 
 are 1,021 moftly farmers, but manufac- 
 ture large quantities of Ihoes for market, 
 
 Raiidolphy a coutity of Hilliborough dif-- 
 tridl, N. Carolina, bounded N E by Or- 
 ange, and N W by Gu;ldf^r>.xl. It contains • 
 9,234 inhabitants, including 607 flavcs. - 
 Its court houfe is 585 miles from Phila-- 
 delphia. The greatcft part of tht people 
 are Quakers; tiie other denominations 
 are Prefbyterians, Baptifls, Mtthodifts, 
 and Univerfalifb. Their good land pro- 
 duces 40 or 50 buflieis of Indian corn, or ' 
 30 of wheat pi.r acre. Chief town, JJh"- 
 lioroit^b. 
 
 Rundslph, A county of Virginia, bounded* 
 N by Monongalia, and S by Pendleton. 
 It has 1,741 inhabitants. Cheat River, 
 thfe «ftft^rft l»ran«U of Mtnongahela River, 
 
 rif&« ' 
 
R A P 
 
 R A W 
 
 .'♦ifc! here, on the N \V ilde of the Alleg- 
 hany mountains. 
 
 Ravdolph^ a pofl town in Orange co. 
 -Vermont, the 4th lo\Tn W ot Thetford 
 on Conneffticut River. It has 1,841 in- 
 
 Jiabitants. The E and W fide of the 
 town is watered by 1 branches of White 
 River. It has n large bed of iron ore, % 
 forges ai?.d a ilftdng mill. 3'he congre- 
 
 -jational nueting houfe is l^trge and has a 
 
 .iiccple. It is 45 miles from Ruthnd. 
 J<ufido!fb, a county of the Indiana Ter- 
 
 tritory, containing,!, 103 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 107 i^.lV°.^, 
 
 JRa.iJon?^ 4i tow-nHiip in ElTtj- co. Ver- 
 mont, W of Brunfwitk;. 
 
 Rapbarl^ a fertile and henlthy canton, 
 .mx diftrict, the wefternmofi in the Spanifli 
 part of the ifland of St. Domingo. Its 
 ;lv^undary to the N is fornitd in part of 
 .f4ie French parifli Gonaivts. llie air 
 rourid St. Raphael is very cool and falu- 
 •brious, but the town, which is in ahollow, 
 is very hot. It hits a little garrifon, .which 
 Xcrved as a check on the fmuggling trade 
 with the Frer<ch. Atalaye, (that is, the 
 centinel or difcoyery) the wefternmofl 
 town of all the Spanifh colony, is zf 
 leagues S W of the town of St. Raphael, 
 both which pariihes are annexed to Hin- 
 che. Th« town of St. Raphael is lo leagues 
 Southerly of Cape Francois, and 72 N W 
 ,of St. Domingo city, as the road runs. 
 
 Hapldc^, Cuife St at the E end of St. Do- 
 StTingo, is the S E limit of Samana Bay, 7^ 
 leagues diftant in ti^.at dire^Jiou from 
 Cape Samana or C^pe Rezon, which laft 
 is (ituated in lat. 19 15 40 N, and long. 
 7^^ 33 30 W from Paris. From Cape 
 3R.aphacl,or Capeof the Round A^ountain, 
 jto Punta Efpada, the S E point of the ifl- 
 and, the country is level 16 leagues, by a 
 breadth nearly equal. 
 
 Rupboe, a townfliip in Lancafler co. 
 PcnnlVlvania. 
 
 Rapid Ann, R fftiall river of Virginia, 
 ■which joins the Rappahannock, about i o 
 miles above Frtdenckfburg. 
 
 Rapid Platj IJle au, in the rivcr St. Law- 
 rence, U. Canada, in fi-ont of the town- 
 iliip of Matilda,ccntains about 200 acres. 
 The foil is good, an4 lies partly in front 
 cf the to\vnfli!p of WilliamfliL'rgh. 
 
 Rapid River, ^ water of Hudfon Bay. 
 
 Rjppabannock, a large pavigable river of 
 Virginia, which rifcs in the Blue Pvidge, 
 and runs about 130 miles from N W to S 
 E, and enters into Chefapeak Bay between 
 Windmill and Stingray points. It wa- 
 Sere the Wwns of Falmouth, Frederjckf- 
 
 burc, Port P.oyal, Leeds, T;»ppahannoek, 
 and Urbauna. It affords 4 fathoms wa- 
 t^ to Hol)!^^)'* Flole, and 2. from thenioe 
 to Frcdericldbnrg, no miles from its 
 mouth. It is 1^ leagues from Gwin's lil- 
 ands, and 6 northward of New Ptiint 
 Comfort. A IJngle lump of gold ore has 
 been found r>ear the falls of this rivef, 
 which yielded 17 dwt. of gold, of extraor- 
 dinary dudlilUy. No other indication of 
 gold h-is been difcovcred in its neigh- 
 bou rhood. 
 
 Rappo Rappn^ a hay in the ifland of 
 Mowee, one of the Sandwich Iilands. 
 
 Raritot, Riiier^ in New Jerfev, is formed 
 hv two confidcrable ftreaiv.s called the N 
 and S branches; the fource of the one is 
 in Morris co.that of the other in Hunter- 
 don CO. If pail'es by Brunfwick and Am- 
 boy, and mingling with the waters of the 
 Arthur Kull Sound, iiclps to form the 
 fine harbour of Amboy. At Rariton 
 Hills, through which this river paffes, is 
 a fmall cafcade, where the water falls 15 
 or so feet, \'ery romantically between 2 
 rocks. Oppofite to Brunfwick, the river 
 is fo fliallow, that it is fordablciit low wa- 
 ter for hcrfes and carriages ; but a little 
 below it deepens fo fad, ,that a 20 gua 
 fliip may ride fecurely at any time of 
 tide. The tide rifes fo high, that largp 
 Ihallops ufed to pafs a mile above the 
 fort ; fo that it was ho uncommon thing 
 to fee veiTels of confiderable burthen rid- 
 ing at anchor, and a number of large riv- 
 er craft lying above, feme dry, and oth- 
 ers on dieir beam-ends for want of water, 
 within gun fliot of each other. Copper 
 ore has been found on the upper part of 
 this rivcr ; and in the year 1754, the ort 
 of this mine fold for £^ti fterling per ton. 
 being of inferior quaiity to that on Paf- 
 faik Rivtr. 
 
 Rariton, a town fituated between the 
 mouth of the N branch of the above riv- 
 er, and Boundbrook, 5 miles W N W of 
 Bouiidbrook, and 12 N W of Brunfwick. 
 
 RattU'Snale IJIandi lie at the w-fterii 
 end of Lake Erie. 
 
 Ra'wapjkitcbtvoch,^ fmall weflcrly branck 
 of Machii\3 River, on which are feverat 
 mills, near which arc the meeting houfe 
 and the county court houfe, in the town 
 of Machias. 
 
 Riitvdony a town of Nova Scctia, 4» 
 miles from Halifax, containing about 5« 
 or 60 houfes. 
 
 Ratodon Tcnvnfaip^ in the county of 
 Raftings, U. Canada, lies iu the rear, and 
 N of Sidnevi 
 
RAY 
 
 R E A 
 
 'l^anvay^fit^Sridgdo'rvn, a IJf'cjy commer- 
 cial village of Middicfcx CO. N. Jcrfey, on 
 P.away River, 4 or 5 miles S W of E'.iz- 
 p.r-eth Tcvvn, ?nd 75 from Philadelphia. 
 It contains a Prefhyterian church, and 
 about jp or 60 houfes. Here is a poft 
 pfficc. 
 
 HaymcndyZ townfliip in Rocjcingliam CO. 
 Kew Hamplliire, 12 or 14 miles wefteily 
 of Exeter, and 3Z from Portfmouth. It 
 ■«vas incorporated in 17^4, and contains 
 €08 inhiibitants. 
 
 Rayvcnd, or Ruymoudioivn, a pofl town 
 in Cumberland co. Maine, 142 miles N 
 N E of Eoflon, and contains 345 inhabit- 
 ants. A fiream from Sougo Pond, after 
 pafl'ing through part of Greenland, Wa- 
 terford and Otisfield, falls into the N E 
 part of Sebago Lake in this fettlemcnt. 
 I'hc land is generally level, except one 
 large hill, named Rattkfnake Hill, from 
 )ts abounding with thofe reptiles. Here 
 are feme fweils of good land, bpt thp 
 greater part of the growth is pine and 
 Svhite oak, and the land is hard to fubdue. 
 
 Raynhapty a townfliip of Maliachufetts. 
 Briftol CO. taken from Taunton, and in- 
 corporated in 1731. It contains 1,181 
 inhabitants. A coufiderable part of the 
 town lies upon a circular bend of Taun- 
 ton River, which is bptwcen 7 and 8 rods 
 wide, and affords great plenty of Iierrings 
 and other fifli, but fo unfavourable h it, 
 in this place, to feining or fjfhipg, that 
 the exclufive privilege of fiflung is annu- 
 ally fold for lefs than 12 fliiilings; whilft 
 th^ fame privilege, in Bridgewater and 
 IMiddleborough, (towns \vhit:h bound 
 this, the former on the E, the latter on 
 the N) is annually fold for j^ 250. Be 
 iides the great riyer, there are fcveral 
 ufeful ftreams, upon which are C faw 
 mills, 3 grifc mills, a furnace, a forge, and 
 fulling mill. There are nume|-o|is ponds 
 in this townfhip, of which Nippaniquit 
 or Nippahonfet is % miles lopg, and i in 
 breadth. Here alewives, in millions, an- 
 nually refort and leave their fpawns. An 
 excellent kind of iron ere. and various 
 kinds f>f lifh, are found here. Be fides 
 the ufual bufinefs of hufbandry and me- 
 chanics, numbers are here epiployed in 
 the manufa<flories of bar-iron, hollow 
 ware, nails, iron for vefTels, iron fliovels, 
 pot alii, fliingles, &c. The iirfl forge fet 
 up in America was introduced into this 
 town by James and Henry Leonard, ua- 
 tives of England, in ji6i2. This forge 
 was fituated on the great road, and is (till 
 in employ by the family o[ Leon^ards of 
 
 the 6th generation ; a family rcmarkjibif 
 for longevity, promotion to public o^TRce, 
 and a kind of hereditary attachnunt to 
 the iron manufatSure. King Philip'^ 
 hunting-houfe ftood on the norfhern fide 
 of Fctiuin^ Rondy which i« \\ rr-iks from 
 the forge. In the winter feafon, the In- 
 chan monarch rcfided at Mpunt Hope, 
 probably for the benefit of fifl:. Philip 
 and the Leonards lived on futh gcod 
 terms, and fuch was Philip'^ fjiendfliip 
 and generofity, that as foon as the w<*r 
 broke nut in 1675, which ended in the 
 death of the king and the ruin of his tribe, 
 he gave cjt flriA orders to all liis, Indians,' 
 never to hurt the Leonards. Before 
 Philip's war, Fowling Pond was 2 mile* 
 long, and -|ths of a mile wide. Now, the 
 \vater is almofc gone, and the large tract 
 it once covered is grown up to a thick 
 fet fwamp of cedar and pine. The foil 
 of this pond has alfo a prolific virtue in 
 generating ore. Copiops beds of ore, in 
 this part of the country, arc ufually fouu4 
 in the neighbotirhood of pine fvvanips, or 
 near to foils natural to the grow th of 
 pine or cedar. In this place there ha$ 
 been almofi an inexhauftible fund of ex- 
 cellent oie, from which the forge has becq 
 fupplied and kept going for more than 
 80 years, befides great cjuantities carried 
 to other works ; and yet here is ore flill. 
 Though, like other ihings in a flatc of 
 youth, it is weak and incapable of being 
 wrought into iron of the l)eft quality. 
 
 Razoir, Port, ar the S W extremity of 
 the coalt of Nova Scotia, and N E o| 
 Gape Negro, 
 
 Rarzrr IJland is 4 leagues S of the mouth 
 of Rio Janeiro Bay, or Santa Cruz Point, 
 on the coaft of Bra;5ih 
 
 Readfieldi^ poft town in ICennebeck co, 
 Maine, 8 miles W of Hallowell, which 
 bounds it on the E, and the eaftern branch 
 of Androfcoggin River feparates it from 
 Sterling on the W. It is N of Wjuthrop, 
 and 190 miles N [^ of Bofto|i. 
 
 Ri-aciingy a townO^ip of Connet^Icut, 
 Fairfield co. S of Danbury, adjojning. I.^ 
 has 1,492 inhabitants. 
 
 Readings a large townfliip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, in Middlesex co. 12 miles N of Eof- 
 ton. It wag incorporated in 1644, and 
 contaius 2,025 inhabitants. Between % 
 and 3co,ooo pair of {hoes are annually 
 manufadlurcd in this town for exporta- 
 tion. 
 
 Readings a tovvnflupcf Vermont, Wind- 
 for CO. W of Windfor, adjoining. It con- 
 tains 1,120 iohabjCAnts. 
 
R E € 
 
 RES 
 
 Readings a beautiful poA town, and the | 
 Capital of Berk's c6. Pcnnfylvania, fitu- 
 ated on the N E fide of Schuylkill PJver, 
 40 miles S Wof Bethlehem, a8 E of Leb- 
 anon, (where the canal commences v.'hich 
 ]oius the waters of the S^vctara Creek 
 -with tbofe of Schuylkill River) 54 N W 
 4)f Fhil<<de!phia, and 148 from "Wafliing- 
 jton. It is a flourifliing town, regaliirly 
 laid out, and inhabited chiefly by Ger- 
 piana. It contains about 6co houfes. 
 The puliiic buildings aic a (lone gaol, a 
 court houfe, an elegant church for Gcr- 
 n)an Lutherans^ erected in 1793, a church 
 tor Calvinifts, one for Roman Catholics, 
 a meeting houfe for Friends, and a large 
 edifice for the public ol)ices. About 10 
 miles from this town, on the road to Har- 
 rifburgh, is a fpring about I5 fee^ deep, 
 ,fn,d 30/eet acrofs, from which ifTucs a co- 
 j)iou8 ftrcam, containing fome fine trout. 
 An exaggerated account of this fpring has 
 been given by fopie travellers. In the 
 neighbourhood are 10 fuUipg mills and 
 feveral iron works. In the whole county 
 of Berk's are 5 furnaces, and as many 
 forges. In Nov. 17 95,/* 12,000 was voted 
 by the county for building a fione arched 
 bridge over the Schuylkill at this town, 
 pn the high road to Harrifburg, ^^ miles 
 fiiftant W by S. 
 
 Rcadirtsiioivny or Riddentcivti, in Hunter- 
 don CO. New Jerfey, 17 miles N W by V/ 
 of New Brunfwick, and about ii E of 
 X-ebanon, 
 
 Reatfs Bay, a road for fliips In the ifl- 
 jind of Barbadoesjabout half way between 
 Hole Town and Speight's Town. It is 
 about half a mile over, but more in depth. 
 Ships may anchor here in fafety, in from 
 6 to iz fathoms water, the ground foft 
 ooze, and defended from all yvinds, except 
 the W, which blows right into the bay. 
 Nlat. 13 7,W long. 5947. 
 
 Readjhotough, a pofttown in Bennington 
 CO. Vermont, 435 miles from Wafliingron. 
 
 Rcalego^ a town in the province of Ni- 
 caragua, New Spain ; fituated on a plaui, 
 on the eafiern bank of a river of its name, 
 near its mouth, 30 miles N W of Leon, 
 ^to which it lerves as a harbour. It has 
 3 churches, and an hofpital, furroundtd 
 by a very fine garden ; but the place is 
 fiCkly, by reafon of neighlx;uring fwamp:. 
 Its chief trade is in pitch, tar, and fCirdagc. 
 K lat. 12 17, W long. 87 36. 
 
 Rectify a harbour on the coafl: of Brazil, 
 and is the ftrongcft place on all tliat coaft. 
 S lat. 8 10, V/ long, 35 ^k. 
 
 Recovery^ Fort, in the Indiana Territory, 
 
 is fituated on a branch of the Wabafb 
 River, about 23 miles from Greenville, 
 and 98 N by W of Cincinnati. It con- 
 fifts of two block-houfea and barratk* 
 with curtains, fnfhcitnt for 60 men. 
 
 Rjdy a river in TenneiTee, a water of 
 Cumberland RiVer, with which it mingle* 
 at the N bend, about 2 miles N W of 
 Clarkfville. IjL is b.oatabk a xuin^derablc 
 diftance. 
 
 Rid, a principal branch of Kentucky 
 River, which heads and inte:riOcks with 
 a main branch of Licking Riv^r, and run* 
 a S W courfe, into Kentucky River, about 
 9 miles above Boonfborough. It is 60 
 yards wide at the mouth. 
 
 R.d, a weflern branch of Miflifippi 
 River, in lat. 31 N. Here, it is faid, Fer- 
 dinand© de Soto ended his difcoverics and 
 died, at a place called Guacoyi, May ir, 
 1542. See Rougi: River, and Lnuifiana. 
 
 Red Bank, on the S E fide of Delaware 
 River, in the town of Woodbury, in Glou- 
 cefl:er co. N. Jerfey. The fituafion is ele- 
 vated, and the fort built here during th 
 v.'ar, flood 1,900 yards from Fort Ilia, 
 and about 7 miles S of Philadelphia, 
 coft the Britiflx 400 men, killed and 
 wounded, before they could reduce thic 
 garrifon in 1777. 
 
 Red Hook, in Dutchefs co. New York, la 
 the townfhip of Rhyncbeck, where i« a 
 pofi office, on the E bank of Hudlbn Riv- 
 er, 21 miles ^ of Hudfon, and 116 N of 
 New York. 
 
 Rcdondo, a rock between Montferrat 
 and Nevis, Carribbee Iflands. It is about 
 a league in circuit, of a round form where 
 is neither culture upr inhabitants. N lat. 
 17 6, W long. 61 35. 
 
 Rceujbotou0/j, or Rdadjhotough, the S JK 
 towniliip ox Bennington cp. Vermont. It 
 contains 234 inhabitants. 
 
 Reedjloivn, now Strong, late Plantation 
 No. 3, W fide of Kennebeck River. 
 
 Rccdy JJl^md, in Delaware River, 5* 
 miles below Philadelphia. It is jo piile* 
 from Bombay Hook, and is the rendez- 
 vous of outward bound fliips in autumn 
 and fpring, waiting fof a favourable wind. 
 The courfe from this to the fea is S S E, 
 fo th<:»: a N W v/ii.d, which is the prevail- 
 ing wmd in thefe feafons, is fair for vef- 
 fcls to put ci!t to fea. There is a fecure 
 harbour here, at Port Penn, where piers 
 Iiave been cr£»5led by the State of Penn- 
 fyl^ania. The iHand is about 3 mile* 
 long, and not more than one-fourth of a 
 rrilc wide. It was formerly banked in, 
 but is now under cultivation, and is over- 
 flow c<L 
 
^R E G 
 
 K •£ 'S 
 
 ^liGvcclin hlgli tu1r«!. There is a cli^nricl 
 -Ou each fide of the iftaiid ; but vtfi'VU, 
 efpccially large ones, choole to keep ilie 
 ■eaflern fide. 
 
 i?«rt^ R'lier Phro!. s poH town in Gref n- 
 .f.eld CO. S. Carolivia, 557 miles from AValli- 
 ingron, 
 
 Iieelf(fot, a fma'' navigritile river of Ten- 
 nelfec, which empti^^ into the river Miffi- 
 -fippi, about 35 miles S of the Ohio. It 
 is 30 yards wide 7 miles from its mouth. 
 .One of its branches rifcs on the borders 
 of Kentucky. 
 
 Rcenrfioivn, or R>:amfo-uin, a fm;ill pcfl 
 Sown of JLancafier co. Penofyivania, on a 
 flream which empties into Calico Creek, 
 a water of Coneftoga, wh'ch falls into 
 'the Sufquchannah. It contains about 40 
 Jhioufes, and is i6.nules N E of l.ancafler, 
 and 6z N W by N of Philadelphia. 
 
 J^egis, St. a village of U. Canada, on the 
 St. Lawrence, half a mile N from the N 
 line of the United States. It ftands on 
 s beautiful, elevated plain in the anple 
 between the mouth of St. Regis River and 
 the St. jLawrcnce, It cnnlifts of about 80 
 honfes of .hewn logs, inhabited by about 
 100 Indian families. They are of the 
 Caghnoway? tribe, and have lived here 
 about 50 years. They are peaceable, 
 honeft, and induftrious. Foot races, play- 
 ing at ball, and dancing, arc their diver- 
 sions. They are Roman Citholics, have 
 A handfomc ftone church, with a fpire, 
 and generally a miniftcr. Thcfe Indians 
 Jiave 30,000 acres of land refcrved to 
 them fouth of the village. They keep a 
 ^reat number of horfcs and cattle. They 
 raife plenty of co,rn on the fertile iflands 
 in St. Lawrence. From St. Regis there 
 is a good road to Platt-fburg on Champlain. 
 The diftance is 7 a mile:^. 
 
 Hegis, St. a river of Canada, which 
 rifcs from lakes near Racket River, and 
 .enters the St. Lawrence at the village of 
 the fame name. 
 
 Rr-gnlds, the name of the pa/Tage from 
 the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico 
 into LakePontchartrain, which has com- 
 riunication, through Maurepas Lake and 
 the Gut of Ibberville, with MiiTifippi 
 River; or the general name of the iiles 
 in the inner part of the channel into that 
 Jake. The diflancc from Lake Pontchar- 
 train through the Regolets is lo miles, 
 ■And between 3 and 400 yards broad, and 
 r.ned with marflies on each fide. On 
 the S fide of the Regolets, and near to the ! 
 «iitrance from the gulf, there is a large 1 
 paiTagc into the Lake Eo'gne, or JJTind 
 
 Lake ; and by fomc creeks th?t falMnt^ 
 it, UivaW craft may go as far as the planta- 
 tions on the Miffilippi,and tlicreis a paf- 
 fagc between the Lakes Ev,tgiic and Pont- 
 ^ ch--.rrr^in ; but cither by thir,, or that of 
 theP.e^clets, .6 and fometimes 7 fc^t U 
 the dee-pcfi water through. Near ti.e en- 
 trance at the eaft end of the Rego!ct*,aud 
 on the north fulc, are thc'principi^l 
 I mfiuths of Pearl River. From tiie Rego- 
 I lets to the Bay of St. Louis is 18 niiic«o 
 
 flutcbins. 
 j ^hohofh, a poA town of Maifachufeltf, 
 i in Briftol co- on a branch of Providence 
 j River, a few miles from Providtucc, in 
 I Rhode Itland, 40 miles foudici ly fronp 
 Bofcon. Jt was called Seconnethy the In- 
 dians ; wa? incorporaied in 1645, *i^»4 
 contains 4,743 inhabira<its. 
 
 Ptififrfi,orony a port: tov-'XT in Baltimore 
 CO, Maryland, 10 miles S E of Vyefhnin- 
 fter, nearly i-6 N Wof Baltimore, and 6| 
 from WafliJ«gton. 
 
 R'.mtu, Grard, third tcwnniip, on th< 
 river St. Lawrence, U. Canada, lies be- 
 tween the Ifle de Trois, Chenaux ccarte* 
 and the main land, about 44 50 N lat. 
 
 Renn-iut't Hcfthout, on the £ coaft of 
 Newfoundland liland, is about 21 mile« 
 from C^pe P^aqe. Its entrance is rather 
 dangerous, but it is a good harbour t^ 
 filh in ; and js much j^requented by boat* 
 and ifliallops, in th.e fifliing {eafon. Half 
 a league from the S point is a high rock, 
 called Renowe's Point, which may be 
 feen, in a clear day, 3 leagues ofF. 
 
 R njftlaer^ a county of the State of N. 
 York, hounded N by Wafliington co. S 
 by Columbia, E by part of the States of 
 MafTachufetts and Ver.Tiont, and W bv 
 Hudfon River. It contains 8 townlhips^y 
 viz. Troy, Greenbufli, Schodack, Stephen- 
 tmvn, Peterilourgh. Hofick, Pittftown, anc^ 
 Schacftccoke. There are 30yj42 inhabi|!- 
 ants. 
 
 R.njfetaerville, or RcnfJaerivicl', a town- 
 (hip of Albany co. New York, bounded 
 S by Columbia county, and W by Hudl'on 
 River. In 1790, it contained 3,771 in- 
 habitants; in 1796, it had 548 inhabit- 
 ant* who were elcdiors. Jn this town, 
 nearly oppofite to the city of Albany, is 
 a medicinal spring, which combines moft 
 of the valuable properties of the celebra- 
 ted waters of Saratoga. 
 
 Refolution Bay^ or Madre de Bios, is un- 
 der the higheft land on the W Tide of St. 
 Chrilfina, one of the Marqutfas Iflands. 
 S lat, 9 5a, W long. ?39 9. 
 
 Rffsltrtiony Cape^ %Vki ikkR ©aftern et»- 
 • trancs 
 
S E 6 
 
 A ii & 
 
 /^lioe of Hudfon'j Straits. N lat. 6i 2^, 
 W K.ng. 65 16. 
 
 Rcfututirn IJlaniJ, at the E end of Hud- 
 fon's Straits. N lat. 6i, W lon<r. 65. 
 
 Rejolution JJlanJ, a I'ltiall illaiid, one of 
 rhc Society Hies ; la called IVom the Taip 
 Rcfolution. S lat. 17 24, W long. 14 1 15. 
 
 Rc-od's, a fn>all ifland in the Atlantic 
 Ocean, fiole to the B coaft of Northamp- 
 ton CO. Virginia. 
 
 Re\, Cape, or Fo'int, on the Ncoaft'of S. 
 America, is 40 leagues W by N of Cape 
 Three Points, aadia N by E of liocca del 
 Dranjo. 
 
 Reyes, Angra dot, on the S E COaft of 
 Brazil, in S. America, lies weftward of 
 Rio Jy^ciro, and 53 leagues W of Cape 
 Frio. It affords good anchorage. 
 
 Rhinsbeck. See Rhynhcck. 
 
 Rhode- JJland \% one of the fmallcft of the 
 IJnited States ; its grcatcft length being 
 47 miles, and its greateft Breadth 37 ; or 
 about 1,300 fquarc miles. It is bounded 
 N aud E by the Commonwealth of Maf- 
 ^chufttts ; S by the Atlantic Ocean, and 
 W by Connecticut. Thefe limits com- 
 pieliCnd what is called Rhode'IJland and 
 Frumdencs Plantations ; divided into five 
 fountieS. viz, Newport, Providence, Wafl)- 
 ington, Eriftcl, arid Kent, which ai^e fub- 
 dividcd into 30 towrfLips, containintj 
 69,122 inhabitants, of whom 3S0 arc 
 fiivcs. Narraganfcl' Bay makes up from 
 £» to N between the main land on the E 
 and W, and embofoms many fertile ill- 
 aods, the principal of which are Rhode 
 liTand, Canonnicut, Prudence, Patience, 
 rtope, Dyer's, and Hog Iflands. Block- 
 Wland is the fouthenmioft land belonging 
 tb the State. The harbours are New- 
 port, Providence, \?ickford, Patuxct, 
 Warrea, and Briftol. Rhode-IftAnd, from 
 which the State takes half its name, lies 
 between lat. 41 28, and 41 42 N, and be- 
 tween long. 71 17, and 71 27 W from 
 Greenwich ; being about 15 miles long 
 ftom N E to S W, and about 3.^ broad, 
 «n an average. It is divided into three 
 t;)wnfliips, Newport, Portbnouth, and 
 Middletown. Perhaps no ifland in the 
 world exceeds this in point of foil, cli- 
 Diate, and fituatiou. In its mofl: flourilli- 
 i)ig (fate it was called, by travellers, tiie 
 E«len of America. Bilt the change, 
 which the ravages of war, aud a dccicc^fe 
 of bufinels have cffcifVcd, is great. Be- 
 tween 30,000 and 40.,ooo ihetp are fed 
 on this iflaud, bclides neat cattle and 
 horfcs. The State is interfedtcd in all 
 directions by rivor* ; tke Jiic* of whkh 
 
 which arc Providence and Taunton Riv-* 
 ers, which fall in'o Narraganfev Bay; the' 
 former on the wcil, the latter on the eaft' 
 tide of Rhode-b'laud. Rhode-Ifl-md is as' 
 healthy a country as any in America. 
 The winters, iii the maritime parts of the 
 State, are milder than in tiie inland cou.i- 
 try ; the air being fofteacd by a fea, va- 
 pour, which alfo enriches the foil. The 
 fummers are delightful, cfpecially on 
 Rhode-Iiland, where the extreme heat*' 
 w^icK prev.til in other parts of America, 
 are allayed by coo^al■Jd refrefliiag breez- 
 es from the fea. I'he ii vers and liav» 
 fwarra with filh, to the amount of more 
 than 70 difTtveut kinds; the markets arc 
 alive with thtm. Oyfters, lobfters, and 
 othct fliell-fith abound in Narraganfet 
 Bay. Travellers arc generally agreed,- 
 that Newport is the bett iilli-markct in 
 the world. This State produces corn, 
 rye, barley, oats, and in fome parta wheat,- 
 fufficient for home confumptioa ; and the 
 various kinds of gralTes, fruits, and culi- 
 nary roots and plants in great abun- 
 dance, and in perfciffion; cyder is made 
 for exportation. The north- weflerh part* 
 of the State ate but thinly inhabited, and 
 are rocky and barren. Ihe tradl of land 
 lying between North aud South Kingf- 
 town on the eaft, and Conac<£licut on the 
 weft:, called ShannocL country, or Pur chafe, 
 is excellent grazing land, and is inhabit- 
 ed by a number of wealthy farmers, who 
 raife fome of the f.aeft neat cattle in New- 
 England, weighing num i>6ooto i,Soo 
 weight. I'hey kcfp large dairies, and 
 make butter and checfe of the befl quali- 
 ty, and in large quantities forcxporta-' 
 tion. Iron ore is fuund ia great plenty 
 in feverai parts of the State. The iruu- 
 wcrks on Putuxet River, 12 miies from 
 Providence, are fupplicd witli ore froni 
 a bed 4^^ miles diftant, which lies in a vai-" 
 ley, through which runs a brcH>k. The 
 brook is turned into a new channel, si'd 
 ciie ore-pits are clc.ired of water by 1' 
 fleam engine. At this ore- bed are a Va- 
 riety of ores, curio'is ilones, and ochrc.>. 
 In the townlhip of Cum'jerland is a cop-' 
 per mine mixed with iron, ftrongly im- 
 
 f>rtgnated with load-flonc, of which fon;e- 
 arge pieces have been found in ti's 
 neighbi-u/iiood. No method has ytt 
 been difcovtfed to woxk it to advantage. 
 Abundance of lime Itone is found in this 
 State, particularly in ciie countv j>f Prov- 
 dencc ; of which large quantities of Jinjc 
 are made ap,d cxpo.tcu. This Ume-ftonc 
 ii uf diU«xcat. :vi;i>Ui4, aad is the true 
 
 iRAib'.e 
 
una 
 
 R H O' 
 
 frtarblc of the '.vhite, plain, ami variegat- 
 ed kind. It takes as fine a ptjlilh as any 
 ftonc In America. There are federal 
 mineral fprings in this State ; to one of 
 ■which, near Providence, many people re- 
 fort to hathe, and drink the water. New- 
 port and Providence art the chief towns 
 6{ thiP State. The barbarous flave-trade, 
 ■vvhich was a fource of wealth to miauy of 
 the people in Newp'^rt, ?.nd other parts 
 oi the State, has happily been abolilhed. 
 ilut fiacc permiiTion h^ds been again giv- 
 en by law tc import flaves from Africa ro 
 S. Carolina, it is faid this inhuman traf- 
 fic is reviving again in this State. The 
 town of Briftol carries on a conlidefable 
 trade to Africa, the Weft-Indies, and to 
 different parts of the United States. But 
 by far the greateft part of the commerce 
 df Rhode-Ifland is at prefent carried on 
 by the inhabitants of the flour ifljHig town 
 of Providence, vvhich had^ 'm I79i> i'^? 
 fail of veflelsj containing' 11,94^ tons. 
 The exports from the State are ilax-feed, 
 lumber, horfes, cattle, beef, pork, fifh, 
 poultry, onions, butter, cheefe, barley, 
 grain, fpirits, cotton and lintu goods. 
 The imports confift of European and W. 
 India goods, and logwood from tbe Bay 
 of Honduras. Upwards of 600 vefTels 
 enter and clear annually at the difTereut 
 ports in this State, The amount of ex- 
 perts from this State to foreign countties, 
 for one year, ending Sept. 30, i79i> was 
 470,131 dolls. 9 cents; in 1792. 698,084.; 
 in 1793, 616,416; in 1794, 9^.^4.573 J^nd 
 in 1801, %A33'3^3 <^^^l's- '^''^e inhabit- 
 ants of this State are advancing rapidly 
 in manufadurcs. A cotton manufitll:ory 
 has been erc^fled at Providence. Jeans, 
 fnftians, denims, thickfets, velvets, &:c. 
 &:c. are here manufadluied and fent to 
 the fouthern States. Large quantilies of 
 linen and tow cloth are made in difFer- 
 ent parts of this State for exportation. 
 But the moft confid'erable niflnufacilures 
 in this State arc tlicfe of iron; fu-ch as 
 bar and ilieet iron, OefiU nail-r(jds, and 
 nails, implements of huroandry, fi'oves, 
 p<.>ts,and other iionfehold utenfils.the iron 
 •work of Paippiag, anchors, bells, &c. &c. 
 The conUituiion of this State is founded 
 on the charter granted by Charles 11. in 
 1663 ; and the trame of government was 
 not cfTentially altered by the revolution. 
 The legiilatureof tbe State con fifts of two 
 branches ; a fenate or upper houle, coni- 
 pofed of ten members betides tiie govev- 
 r-oi and deputv governor, railed m the 
 charter, ajfiJianU ; and a houle of reprc- 
 
 itj Slg. W w (which Ciould be W w w) 
 
 fcntatives, compofcd of deputies from tf^tf 
 feveral towns. The members of the leg-/ 
 illature are chofen twice a year; and 
 there are two feflions of t\\i body an- 
 nually, viz. on the ^iv?! Wednefday icr 
 May, and the laft Wednefday in Oaoben 
 This State was firft fettled from Maf- 
 fachufetts. Mr. Roger Williams, a min- 
 ifter, who came over to New England 
 in 163 1, v/as charged with holding a va- 
 riety of errors, and on that account wi»9 
 banilhcd from Mafiachufetts. Governor 
 Winthropadvifed him to nurfue his courfc 
 to Nehiganfet, or Harraganf^t Bay, which- 
 he did, and fixed hlmfelf at Secunk or 
 Seekhonk, now Rehoboth. But that 
 place being within the bounds of Ply-c 
 mouth colony, Gov. Winflowjin a ♦'''■end- 
 ly manner, advifed him to remove to the 
 other fide of the river, where the landr 
 were not covered by any patent. \c- 
 cordlngly, in 1636, Mr. Williams and 4 
 others crofTed Seekhonk River, and land- 
 ed amonc; the Indians, by whom they' 
 were hofpitably received, and thus laid 
 the foundatidn of a town, which, from a, 
 fcnfe of God's merciful providence to' 
 him, he called Providence, Here he was;' 
 foon after joined by a number of others ; 
 and, though' they were fecured from the 
 Indians by the terror of the Englifli, yet 
 they, for a confiderable time, fuffered 
 much from fatigue and want. So little 
 has the civil authority to do with- religion 
 here, that no contrad: betiii?'een a minif- 
 ter and a fociety (unlefs incorporated for 
 that puipofe) is of any force, ft is prob-" 
 ably for thcfe reafons, that fo many dif- 
 ferent fedts have ever'been found here ;' 
 and that the Sabl>ath and all religiousr 
 infliturions, as well as good morals, have 
 been Icfs regarded in this than in any 
 other of the New EngUmd States. At' 
 Newport there is a flourillaing academy, 
 under the dircdlion of a re«£tor and tu- 
 tors, who teach the learned languages, 
 Englifn grammar, geography, &c. A 
 law has been made eflabiilliing town 
 fchools through the State, but was found 
 unpopular, and repealed. Wichin a few 
 years a turnpilie road has been made 
 from Providence to Conne<Slicut, a diP 
 fance of about 'iid miles through Johnf- 
 ton, Scituate and Coventry, to mett- 
 the turnpike ro.ids from Norwithy Hert- 
 ford and New-Haven. The road, whicJi. 
 M-as vcrvrockv and difficult to pafs witli 
 cat ridges, is now rendered tolerable For 
 a turnpike however, it has been Ihame- 
 fullv neglected by the proprietors. 
 
 Rhode- 
 
 follows immediately after tliis lifllf flicct*- 
 
RIC 
 
 RIC 
 
 ithoJe JJland Light Houfe, was eretSled in 
 i 749, in Beaver I'ail, at the S end of Ca- 
 honicut Ifland, for the fafety and con- 
 venience of veflels failing Into tlic Narra- 
 ganfet Bay and harbour of Newport. 
 The ground the light houfe ftands up- 
 on is about I a feet above the furface of 
 the fea at high water. From the ground 
 to the top of the cornice is 58 feet, round 
 which is a gallery, and within that Qands 
 the lantern, which is about 11 feet high, 
 and 8 feet diameter. High water at full 
 and change, 37 minutes after 7 o'clock. 
 JM lat. 41 28, W Ion. 71 24. 
 
 Rhode River, the wefternmofl water of 
 the N W branch of Cape Fear riVer, in 
 N. Carolina. 
 
 Rhonde. See Ron^e. 
 
 Rhyiiheci, or Rhincbcci, a poft towri of N. 
 York, fituated in Dutchefs co. on the E 
 fide of Hudfon's river, op polite to King- 
 Hon ; 18 miles N of Poughkcepfie ; 103 
 N of N. York, and 198 N by E of Phila- 
 delphia. The townfliip contains 4012 
 inhabitants, of whom 36I are flaves. It 
 is bounded S by Clinton, and N by Beek- 
 man. A very curious cavern has been 
 lately difcovered at a place in this town, 
 called by the Indians, Scpafcct. See 
 Dutchefs County. 
 
 Rialexa, or R'laleno, a town of Ntw 
 Spain, iituatcdon a fmall river in Nicara- 
 gua, 5 miles from the fca, where is a 
 good harbour. It is unwholefomc by 
 reafon of marflies in the vicinity. It is 
 60 miles W of Leon, and the Lake Nicar- 
 agua. N lat. 12 25, W Ion. 89 to. 
 
 Rice Lake, U. Canada, is in the home 
 diftritSl, from which there is a portage of 
 II miles to lake Ontario ; It dlfcharges 
 itfelf by the river Trent, into the head 
 of the bay of Quinte. Smyth. 
 
 Riccborough, a town in Liberty co. Geor- 
 gia, where the county courts are held. 
 
 Rich, Cape, on the \V fide of the ifland 
 of Newfoundland, towards the N end, 
 and In the N E part of the gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, having the ifle of St. John and ! 
 other fmall Ifles to the N. This cape or 
 point uftd to be omitted in the French 
 maps, feemingly becaufe it was the bounds 
 of their privilege of fifliing, which extend- 
 ed from hence northward, and round to 
 Cape Bonavlfta. 
 
 Rlchardfuns Bay, on the S E part of the 
 ifland of Jamaica. The anchorage with- 
 in it is between Morant river and Two 
 Mile Wood, 
 
 Richjield, a townflaip of N. York, in Ot- 
 fego CO. taken from Otfego townfliip, and 
 Vol. I. W w ^ 
 
 incorporated in 1792. It has 1405 in 
 habitants. 
 
 Richford, the N eaflernmoft tovvnfliip 
 of Franklin co. Vermont ; on Millifcoa 
 river. It has 113 inhabitants. 
 
 Richland, a diftrl(5t of S. Carolina,bound- 
 ed S and S W by Cong-irec and Broad 
 rivers, and E by Waterec river, which 
 divides ix from Kerfhaw and Clermont 
 counties. It contained in 1790, 3,930 
 inhabitants ; of whom 2,479 were white, 
 and 1,437 flaves. 
 
 Richland, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, 
 in Buck's county, having Ii66inhabitant5. 
 
 Richland, a diftri<a of S. Carolina, con- 
 taining 6097 inhabitants, of whom 3033 
 are flaves. 
 
 Richlieu, the French name given for- 
 merly to the outlet of Lake Champlain. 
 See Siret. 
 
 Richlieu IJJands, ajclnfter of fmall Iflands 
 in^ the river St. Lawrence, about la 
 leagues above the town of Trois Riviere?, 
 at the boundary of the government of 
 Montreal. There are nearly 100 of 
 them. N lat. 46 22, W Ion. 71 7. 
 
 Richlieu, the name of an ancient fmall 
 fortification built by the French, on the 
 N bank of the river Sorel, at its juniftion 
 with the river St. Lawrence, oppofitethe 
 iflands of Richlieu. 
 
 Rich?nans JJland, on the coafl of Cum- 
 berland CO. Maine, N 4 leagues from 
 Wood Ifland, and a league W of Portland. 
 Few veflels put in here, except coafters. 
 There is a funken ledge S E half a mile 
 from the N E end of the ifland, which 
 only flaews itfelf when the wind blows 
 frefli : But you need not go fo near the 
 ifland. Wood Ifland is in lat. 43 50 N, 
 and Ion. 69 37 W. 
 
 Richmond, a townfliip on the W line of 
 Mafl'achufetts, in Berkfliire co. 17 miles 
 W by S of Lenox, and 150 W of Bofton, 
 Iron ore of the lirft quality is found here, 
 but as it lies deep it is raifed at a great 
 expenfe. Ore of indilTerent quality i« 
 found in many places. It abounds with 
 limellone, coarfe, white, and clouded 
 marble. It was incorporated in 1775, 2"<i 
 contains an iron work, 3 grifl mills, a ful- 
 ling mill, 2 faw mills, aiid 104 4 inhabitants. 
 
 Richmond, a townfliip of Chefhire co. 
 N. Hampflilre ; on the MalHichufetts 
 line, about n miles E of Connecticut riv- 
 er, and 97 W by S of Portfmouth. It 
 was incorporated in 1752, and contain^. 
 1390 inhabitants. 
 
 Richmond, a townfliip in Wafliington 
 CO, Rhode Ifland, feparated from Hop- 
 
 kington 
 
^IC 
 
 tXti^ 
 
 kinton on the Wby Ward's river, a branch 
 of Paucatuck river. It is about 19 miles 
 W of Newport, and contains 1368 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Rkhmand, a county of N. York, com- 
 prehending all Staten Ifland ; which lee. 
 Richmond, a county of N. Carolina, in 
 Fayette diftridt, bounded S, by the State 
 of S. Carolina, and N, by Moore -co. It 
 contains 5623 inhabitants including 875 
 flaves. Chieftown, Rockingham. Thecouft 
 h'oufe, at which a poft: office is k^pt, is 20 
 miles from Anfon court houfe, 5 6 from Fay- 
 etteville, and 563 from Philadelpiiia. The 
 S E part of the county is one continued- 
 plain, covered in many places with pines ; 
 but mofily inhabited by Scotchmen. The 
 upper part of the county has hills and 
 vales. In the middle and E part of the 
 county large tradls of land remain wild. 
 The inhabitants of Richmond co. are 
 Prefbyterians, BaptiH:*, Methodifts and^j 
 Quakers. Their houl'es are logs, covered | 
 with flabs. In 1797, there was uot a fin- ; 
 iflaed brick or (lone houfe, and. very fev* j 
 framed houfes in the county. ! 
 
 Richmond, a county of Virginl^i, bound- ': 
 ed N and N E by V/eflmoreland, and S ; 
 and S W by Rappahannock river, which i 
 feparates it from EiTex co. This county 
 and Weftmoreland contain 5918 free and 
 7826 black inhabitants. The court houfe, 
 where a pofl office is kept, is 273 miles 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Richmond, the ppefent feat of govern- 
 ment of the- State of "Virginia, is fituated 
 in Henrico co. on the N iMe of James's 
 river, juft at the foot of the falls, and con- 
 tains between 400 and 500 houfes, and 
 344 free and 2293 black inhabitants* 
 Part of the houfes are bulk on the margin 
 of the river, convenient for bunnels ; the 
 reft are upon a hill which overlooks ilie 
 lower part of the town, and commands an 
 exteniive profpect of the river and adja- 
 cent country. The new houfes are well 
 built. The ftate houfe, or capitol, is on 
 the hill. This city iikewife boafts of an 
 elegant fiatue af the iiluftrious Waflvlng- 
 ton, which was formed at Paris. The 
 lower part of the town is divided by a 
 creek, over which is a convenient brid<*e. 
 A bridge between 300 and 4C0 yards in 
 length, has been thrown acrofs James's 
 river, at tlie foot of the fall. Tlyat part 
 from Manchefterto the illaud is built on 
 15 boats. From the illand to the rocks 
 was form.?rly a floating bridge of rafts ; 
 but the eutcrprifmg proprietor has now 
 built it of framed log piers, filled v/ith 
 
 flones. From the rocks to the landing zt 
 Richmond, the bridge is continued on' 
 framed piers filled with flones. This 
 bridge connecSls the city with Manchef- 
 ter ; and as the paflengers pay toll, it pro- 
 duces a handfome revenue to Col. Mayo, 
 who is the fole proprietor. The public 
 buildings, befide the ftate houfe, are an 
 Epifcopal church, a court houfe, gaol, 
 a theatre, and 3 tobacco w^are houfes. 
 At the W end of the town arefeveral mille, 
 one of which is not inferior to the U S. 
 Near the mills is a dlfttllcry and brewery; 
 The- falls above the bridge are 7 miles in 
 length. A noblecanalis cut on theN fide of 
 the river, which terminates in a bafon of" 
 about two acres, in the town of Richmond. 
 From this bafon to the wharves in the riv- 
 er, will be a land carriage of about a mile. 
 The opening of this canal promifes the' 
 addition of much wealth to Richmond, 
 VeflTels of burden he at City Point, 20 
 miles below, to ■ which the goods fiom 
 Richmond are fent down in boats. It is 
 626 miles from Bofton, 374 from N. York, 
 1 76 from Baltimore, 278 from Philadel- 
 plria, 247 from Fayetteville, 497 from 
 CharleftOn, and 662 fromtjavannah. N 
 iat. 3 7 40, Vf lon.> 7750- 
 
 Richmond, a county of the Upper d if- 
 trict.of Georgia, in which is fituated the 
 city of Augufta. It is feparated from S, 
 Carolina on the '3; by Savannah river, 
 and contains 6 towns, and 5473 inhabit- 
 ants, of vrhom 2691 are flaves. 
 
 Richmond, a towu of the ifland of St.' 
 Vincent's, in the W. Indies. It is feated- 
 at the head of a deep bay, on the weftern^ 
 fide of the ifland. Chateaubelair river 
 runs on the fouth fide of the town, which 
 gives name to the bay. Another river 
 empties into the bay on the N fide of the 
 town. 
 
 Richmond, a town in Chittenden co. Ver- 
 mont, made in 1794, out part of Willif- 
 ton and part of Jericho, it is an excellent 
 tratSt of land, lying on both fides of Onion 
 River. It contains 718 inhabitants. 
 
 Richmond Tcivnjhip, in Lenox CO. U, 
 Canada, lies north of. Frederickfburgh, in 
 the bay of Quinte, and is watered in front 
 'uy the river Appennie. 
 
 RiJf^u River, in the eaftern dlfl^ridl:, U. 
 j Canada, runs fomewhat parallel to the 
 river Petit Nation, and empics itfclf into 
 the Grand, or Ottawa river about 3 mile* 
 higher up. The land on each fide of this 
 river is very good for fettlcments .Smyth. 
 Ridgtf.Jd, a poft town of Coane6licut,in 
 Fairfield co. xq miles .S W of Danbury, 78 
 
mxo 
 
 tio 
 
 SW of Hartford, 51 N E of Kingfbndge; , 
 in the State of N.York. The townfliip 
 of Ridgetield was called by the Indians 
 Cattdot(rwa, or high land. It well anfwers 
 the name, for though it is 14 miles from 
 the Sound, it affbrtls a good profpeA of it, 
 and of Long Ifland. Of the latter, 40 
 miles in. length is vifible, and veflcls may 
 be feen as they pafs up the Sound. It was 
 f-ltled in 1709, and has ^0-55 inhabitants. 
 
 Ridley, a townlliip in Delaware co. 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Riga IJlanl^ near the N W part «f the 
 ifland of Porto Rico, in the W. Indies, 
 behind which is the principal harbour 
 of the main idand. 
 
 RimaCf a river of Peru, which pafTcs 
 through the city of Lima, and falls into 
 the fea 6 miles below that c'Wf. 
 
 Rindge, or Ringe, a town in the county 
 of Chefliire, N. Hampfliire. It lies upon 
 the MafTachufetts line, about 80 miles 
 wcderly of Portfmouth, and 70 north 
 wefl of Bofton. V/as incorporated in 
 1768. In 1775, it contained 542, in 17,90, 
 ,1143, and in 1800,1195 inhabitants. In 
 this townfliip are thirteen natural ponds of 
 watef of different fizcs, in which are 
 pickerel, perch, trout, eels, &c. In this 
 townfliip, northerly, is a mine lately dif- 
 covered, which contains a kind of ochre 
 -of a Spanilli brown. -One half of the 
 ■water of this town runs to the Merri- 
 mack, the f)ther to Connecticut river. 
 
 Ring Ifaml^ a fmall ifiand oppoCte 
 ;Kewbnryport, to the eaftward, -lying to 
 the left as you go out of the harbour, 
 containing 12 or 15 houfes, a grift and 
 faw mill going to decay. 
 
 Ringo's Toivn, in Hunterdon co. New 
 Jerfey, lies about 15 miles N W of 
 Princeton. 
 
 Riohamba, a jurifdiiflion of Peru, in the 
 province of Quito, having a capital of it« 
 own name. I'he productions and man- 
 iifa<ftures of this px-ovince excel all the 
 reft of the provinces of Peru. Several 
 parts of it are full of mines of gold and 
 lilver. Riobamba the capital contains 
 18,000 fouls. 
 
 Rio Bueno, in the ifland of Jamaica, lies 
 I4miles eaftward of Martha Brae, where 
 a fliip may lie, bringing the point N N 
 W iji 8 or 9 fathoms water. The bank 
 is fteep. Eaftward of this, 4 or 5 miles 
 is Dry Harbour. 
 
 Rio Grande, ^ caprainfhip in the North- 
 ern divifion of Brazil, whofe chief town 
 16 Tignares. 
 
 IVn Grande^ a large river of Brazil, from 
 
 whence the above captainfliip lias" its 
 name. The Portuguefe fay its entrance 
 is difllcult and dangerous, though wid* 
 and deep enough further in. 
 
 Rio Grande, a river of Terra Firma, S. 
 America, which rifes near the equator, 
 runs eaftward, and falls into the N. Sca,bc- 
 tween Carthagena and St. Martha. Alfo 
 the name of a river of Brazil, which falls 
 into the fea at Natal los Reyes. 
 
 Rio dc la Hacha, a town and province 
 in the N divifion of Terra Firma. 
 
 kio dc Patas, on the coaft of Brazil, lies 
 ID leagues S of St. Catherine. 
 
 Rio^dela Plata. See Plata Riyver. 
 
 Rio dc la Plata, a province in the S di- 
 v^^lon of Paraguay in S. America. This 
 province is bounded on. the N W by Tu- 
 cuman and Grand Chaco ; it extends S 
 to the Straits of Magellan, comprehend- 
 ing a great part of the country E of 
 the Cordilleras ; and on the E by the S. 
 Atlantic Ocean. This province former- 
 ly belonged to Paraguay, but was divided 
 from it in 1621, and erected into a fcp- 
 arate government called Rio de la Plata. 
 This part of the continent was firft dif- 
 covered in 1516 by Juan Diaz dc Sobs. 
 The climate is temperate, and the earth 
 extremely fertile, producing in abundance 
 wheat, and all other grains, vegetables 
 and fruits, particularly peaches of a very 
 delicious flavour, which grow wild, and 
 the trees of which afford likewife the 
 principal part of the fuel. This country 
 is well watered by diftercnt rircrs, which, 
 all empty themfelves into the great river 
 La Plata, one of the four largeft rivers 
 in America. The capital of this prov- 
 ince is the Trinity of Buenos Ayrcs 
 founded by Don Pedro de Mendoza, in. 
 the year 1535 ; it was, foon after its firft 
 fettling, twice abandoned, being invaded 
 by the Jarres and Charuas Indians ; be- 
 fore delivering up the city, the inhabit- 
 ants were reduced .to the extremity of 
 eating Iniman flefli. See Buenos Ayres. 
 
 Rio de Piurcos, a harbour or anchorage 
 ground on the N ftde of the ifland of Cu- 
 ba, S W of Bahia Honda. 
 
 Rio ''Janeiro^ a rich and populous city of 
 Brazil, having many elegant churches and 
 handfome buildings, fituattd within a 
 large and wide bay, in lat. 24 15 S, and 
 Ion. 4 ■^ 30 W. It contains about 200,000 
 inhabitants, and is a place of confldera- 
 ble trade. The ftreets are well paved, 
 an aquedudlon the Roman place fupplie» 
 the city, but the place is unhealthy. It 
 is alio called St. Sebaftian. 
 
 Ri9 
 
no A 
 
 ROC 
 
 Jth ReaU a river of Brazil, running a!- 
 niort parallel with that of St. Francis, di- 
 viding tlie captainfliip of Seregipe from 
 that of Todosloe Santos, and empties in- 
 to the ocean 41 leagues N of the bay of 
 that name. 
 
 Rippacanoe Creei, in the Indiana Terri- 
 tory^ is a weftern branch of Wabafli riv- 
 er. The Kickapee Indian town lies near 
 it. Its mouth is 20 miles above the Low- 
 er Weau towns. 
 
 Ripton^ atownfliip In Addifon co. Ver- 
 mont, az miles E of Lake Champlain. 
 
 Ripgouche Rivety lis. L. Canada, riles a 
 little eaftward of St. John's river, runs S, 
 then E, into the W end of Chaleur Bay 
 by a broad mouth. Between its bend 
 and an ealttrn branch of St John's river 
 is a fliort portage. It receives Matapc- 
 diach river, and a number of fmaller 
 ftreams from the mouth. It is navigaljJe 
 for fhips 7 leagues from its mouth, and 
 abounds with falmon and wild fov/1. On 
 its Nbank, near its mouth, is an Indian 
 village. 
 
 Ri'vanna, a fmall N W branch of James' 
 river in Virginia, whofe headwaters unite 
 a few miles N of Charlottefville, and emp- 
 ty into James' river, about % miles above 
 Elk Ifland. It is navigable for canoes 
 and batteaux to its InterfecSlion with the 
 S W mountains, which is about %2 miles ; 
 and may eafily be opened to navigation 
 through thofe mountains, to its fork above 
 Charlottefville. 
 
 R'lvcrhead, a townfliip of N. York, in 
 Suffolk CO. Long I. It was taken from 
 the townfliip of Southold, and incorpo- 
 rated in 1792, and has 1501 inhabitants. 
 
 River of the Weji, in the W part of N 
 America, empties into the ocean in about 
 lat. 43 17 30 N, and Ion. laa 30 W. It 
 is little known, except near its mouth. 
 
 Riviere, Grande, in L. Canada, empties 
 into the ocean through the northern 
 ^lore of Chaleur Bay, about 6 leagues W 
 N W of Cape Del'pair. Here is a confid- 
 erablc cod llflicry. 
 
 Roamle Inltt, on the coafl of N. Caroli- 
 na, leads into Albemarle Sound. N lat. 
 oJ 56, W ion. 76 14. 
 
 Roanoke IJlund, is 0)i the S fide of Albe- 
 marle Sound. The N point of the ifland 
 is about 7 miles W of Roanoke Inlet. 
 
 Roaucke, a long and rapid river, is form- 
 ed by a principal branches, Staunton riv- 
 er, which rifesin Virginia, and Dan river, 
 which rifes in N. Carolina, The low lands 
 on tlij^ river are fubje<ft to inundations. 
 It is navigable only for Tea vefltl* nearly 
 
 30 miles, for boats of 30 or 40 tons W 
 the falls. Above the falls boats of 5 tons 
 afcend about aoo miles. It empties by 
 feveral mouths into the S W end of Al- 
 bemarle Sound. The planters on the 
 banks of this river, are fuppofed to be 
 the wealthieft in N. Carolina. The low- 
 er part of this river was formerly called 
 Mozattoe. 
 
 Roanoke River, Little, empties into Staun- 
 ton river from the N, about 15 miles 
 above the juncStion of Dan and Staunton 
 rivers. 
 
 Roaring Ri-oer, a boatable water of Ten- 
 tStc State, which runs N W into Cum- 
 berland river, la miles S W of the mouth 
 of Obas river. 
 
 Roberdeau, a fmall fort which was erecH:- 
 ed in Bald Eagle, or Sinking Spring Val- 
 ley, in Pennfylvania, during the late war. 
 It was ercifted for the proteAion of thofe 
 who then worked at the lead mines. But 
 the Indian war raging around them, they 
 wer^ forced to abandon the enterprife. 
 See Bald Eagle Valley. 
 
 Robert Bayt on the E coaft of New- 
 foundland, Iqparated from Spanifli Bay 
 by a very narrow neck of land ; and 
 about E N E 4 miles about the point 
 from Port Grave. 
 
 Robert Bay^ a gulf or bay of the ifland 
 of Martlnico in the W. Indies, and one of 
 the lineft natural harbours that oan be 
 imagined, being able to contain the larg- 
 eft fleet with fuch convenience, that the 
 lliips may ride near enough the fliore to 
 reach it with a plank. It is about 1 
 leagues in depth, and is formed by the 
 Point of the Galleons on the W, and Point 
 Rofe on the E. 
 
 Robert/on s County, in Teneffec, in Mero 
 DiftriiSt, is bounded N by Kentucky. It 
 is watered by Cumberland and Red riv- 
 ers. It contains 4280 inhabitants, of 
 whom 863 are flaves. 
 
 Robe/on, a county of N. Carolina, in 
 Fayette diftrid:, and bounded S W by the 
 ftate of S. Carolina. It contains 6666 in- 
 habitants, including 960 flaves. Chief 
 town, Lumberton. 
 
 Robin Hood's Bay^ on the E coaft of 
 Newfoundland, is frequented by fmall 
 vefleb, as they can fiih here to advan- 
 tage. It is not far from Trinity Harbour, 
 and near to Fox Klands. 
 
 Roca IJlands, a clufler of uninhabited 
 iflands, oflT the N coaft of Venezuela, in 
 Terra Firma, about 40 leagues N W by 
 W of Tortugas. 
 
 Rocn PartiJof a fmall ifland in the N. 
 Pacific 
 
ROC 
 
 ROC 
 
 Pacific Ocean, S E from La Mefa,and W 
 from the ific La Nublada ; lat. i6 35 N, 
 and Ion. 128 W. 
 
 Rochs^ Cape de la, on the N fide of the 
 ifland uf St. Domingo, is aUout 5 fcagues 
 W of Old Cape Francois. 
 . RocJy, Riviere A la, a river of the N, W. 
 Territory, which runs a S W courfe, and 
 empties into the MilTiflppi, 95 miles above 
 the Iowa Rapids. 
 
 Rocber, la praire du, or Rock Mjadonvs-, 
 on Aliffifippi river, 3 miles below thefpot 
 wiicre Fort Chartres Itood. 
 
 Rochefier, a townfljip of Windfor co. 
 Vermont, and contains 524 inhabitants. 
 
 Rochejler^ a townfliip of Mafiachufeits, 
 Plymouth co. 52 miles fo'4chward of Bof- 
 ton. It contains 2546 inhabitants. 
 
 Rochcftcr, a townfliip in StraiTord co.N. 
 Hamplhire.oa the W fide of the N branch 
 of Pifcataqua river, 22 miles N W of 
 Portfmouth, and 40 S by E of Middle- 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1722, and 
 contains 2646 inhabitants. One term of 
 the Court of Common Pleas is annually 
 held in this town. 
 
 Rachejier Toivnfoip, U. Canada, Hcs on 
 lake St. Clair, between Tilbury and Maid- 
 ftone. S,)2yiL 
 
 Rochejier, a townililp in XJlfter co. N. 
 York, extending W to Delaware river. 
 It is about 12 miles S W of Efopus, and 
 contains 2423 inhabitants. 
 
 Rochaivay, a fmall port tov/n In Morris 
 CO. N. Jerfey, on the S fide of the river 
 of its name, 15 miles Nby W of Morrif- 
 town, 21 S E of Newton. 
 
 Rockbridge, a mountainous county of 
 Virginia, bounded N by Augufta, and S 
 by James river, which divides it from 
 Botetourt co. It contains 7875 free in- 
 habitants, and 1070 flaves. The famous 
 Natural Bridge is in this county. Here 
 is alfo a ufeful academy of from 20 to 40 
 ftudents, liberally endowed by the late 
 Gen Wafliington, and called, after him, 
 IVaJbington Academy. Chief town, I^ei- 
 ington. 
 
 Rock Fiji, a N W branch of James river, 
 in Virginia, at the mouth of which is 
 fome indifferent marble, generally varie- 
 gated with red, blue, and purple. It forms 
 a large precipice, which hangs over a nav- 
 igable part of the river. None of the 
 marble has ever yet been worked. 
 
 Rockford, a port town of N. Carolina, 
 573 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
 Rockhill^ a townfliip of Buck's co. Penn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 Rockingham^ onc of the 5 counties into 
 
 which the flats of N. Hampfliirc is d^v^d-> 
 ed. It lies on the S E part of tlie flate j 
 having the Atlantic Ocean on the S E, 
 the county of HillflDorough on the W, 
 Strafford on the N, and theftate of Maf-. 
 lachufetts on the S. It is about 60 miles 
 longi and 30 broad. It embraces the on- 
 ly leapoit and moft of the commercial 
 towns in the ftate. It contains ^6 town- 
 fliips, and 45,427 inh,abitants. Chief 
 towns, Portfmouth, Exeter, and Concord. 
 
 Rockingham, \.\\^ N E townfliip. in Wind- 
 ham CO. Vermont, is on the W bank of 
 Conne<^iei^t river, which feparates it 
 from Walpole, in N. Hampflxire. It con- 
 tains 1684 inhabitania. 
 
 Rockingham, a coynty of Salilbiiry dif- 
 trid:, N. Carolina, bounded E by CafwclJ, 
 and W by Stokes. On the banks of the 
 Dan, which waters this county, are large 
 tradts of fertile low land. A furnace and 
 forge liave been eredtcd on Troublefomc 
 Creek. Iron ore is found in many parts 
 of the county. It contains 8277 iuhabit- 
 ants, including 1633 flaves. 
 
 Rockingham, \}cvQ chief town of Richmond 
 CO. N. Carolina. It is feated on an emi- 
 nence, about 6 miles E of Great Pedee 
 river, and contains a court houfe, gaol, 
 and a few dwelling houfes. It is 74 
 miles from Hillfborough, 40 from Betha- 
 nia, ^nd ST)^ from Philadelphia. 
 
 Rockingham, a mountainous co. of Vir- 
 ginia, bounded N by Shenandoah, and S 
 by Augufla. It contains 9322 free \xx.f 
 habitants, and 1052 Haves. 
 
 Rockingham, ufually called Rock town. 
 (Harrifonburgh is its legal name,) a port: 
 town and the feat of the courts of the 
 above county, is fituated on a branch of 
 Shenandoah river, and contains a court 
 houfe, gaol, and about 30 houfes. It is 
 108 miles E by N of the Sweet Springs, 
 25 N W by N of Staunton, 52 S W of 
 Strafburgh, in Pennfylvania, and 262 S 
 W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Rocklanding, a military pofl: on the Oco- 
 nee river, Georgia. 
 
 Rockland, a county in N. York, on the 
 W fide of Hudfon river. It was feparat- 
 ed from Orange county, and is now the 
 fouthernmoft county in the State, on 
 that fide the river, bounded by N. Jerfey, 
 S W, Orange county N W, Hudfon 's riv- 
 er E. It has 6353 inhabitants. 
 
 Rocky Meadoivs, called by the French 
 La Praire du Rocher, in the Indiana Terri- 
 tory, on the E fide of the Miflifippi, 12 
 miles N of Kaflcaikias, and 3 S o,f Fort 
 Chartres, About 20 years ;igo, it con- 
 tained 
 
ROG 
 
 ROM 
 
 tfi'ined ICO white initabltants, and 80 ne- 
 groes. 
 
 Ruckemcckn, Lincoln co. Maine, now Jay. 
 
 RockonLamTj a pond of about a mile in 
 circumference, in the centre of I^ong III- 
 and, N. York, between Smithtown and 
 Hlip. Tt is continuHlly ebbing and flcvw- 
 ing; rifing gradually 'for feveral years, 
 ■until it has arrived to a certain height ; 
 and th^n falling more rapidly to -itsloweft 
 bed. 
 
 Raciy JJlandy in the river Detroit U. 
 Canada, lies on tiie E tide of GrofTe Ifle, 
 and clofe to it ; this iiland is a rock, the 
 ■flone of which is valuable for building or 
 for lime. The rock is iu ftrata, lying 
 pretty regular. There is no wood' on 
 •this iHand. Smyih. 
 
 Rocky Point, on the S fhoce of Lake 
 Erie, lies 80 iniies from the bay -of Sand- 
 iilky. 
 
 Rochy^ a fmall river of N. CaroUnaj 
 which en^pties into Yadkin river. 
 
 Rocky mount, or Franklin Court Houfs, in 
 Virginia, where is a poll office, ^5 miles 
 from Martir>{burg, 40 from Liberty, and 
 1Z7, from Philadelphia. 
 
 Rocky Mou*!t, on the Cataibau river, iu 
 -the lower part of Chefter co. S. Carolina, 
 one of the largeft iifhing places in the 
 ibuthern States. It is faid, that with a 
 Jiand net, a man fometini€s catches 10, osr 
 I7,coo fhad in a day. 
 
 Rocky River, in the Indiana Territory, 
 falls into the E fide of ■MiiTi'fippi river, 
 about 70 miles below tlie mouth of 
 Mine river. A lead mine extends from 
 the mouth of this river on the baq,ks of 
 the Miffifippi, more than ico miles up- 
 wards. 
 
 Roco Grancfe, ?Ln iftand on the coaft e(f 
 the Spanilli Main, in the W. Indies. N 
 lat. ijt s^^ Ion. 67 39. 
 
 Rodney, Point, on the N W COaft of N. 
 America, is the N point of Norton Sound. 
 Siedge Ifland is 8 E^ ^ E of it 4 leagues, 
 between which and the continent is an- 
 chorage in 7 fathoms. This point has 
 its name in honor of the celebrated Ad- 
 miral, Lord Rodney. N lat. 64 30, W 
 ^on. 166 3. 
 
 Roiirigues Key, on the coafl of Florida, 
 a pretty large mangrove iiland,' one of 
 the Tortuga's, lying ofF Key Largo, 
 and bears from Tavcrnics' Key N N E 
 ■^ E 5 miles. The roots of the trees are 
 always overflowed. N lat. ajjAVlon. 81 17. 
 
 Roebuck IJland, at the carter n extremity 
 of Lake Ontario. See Forejl JJanit. 
 
 Rogers' Rcadyio C2\\t^ from the perfon I 
 
 under whofe direclion it was made, «» 
 1790. It leads through Clinttm co. in 
 N. York ftate into Canada ; and is much 
 ufed in winter, when palfing the lakes i« 
 often dangerou?, and always uncomfort- 
 able. 
 
 :??/7rcf/'i'///f, the cbief toVn of Hawkins 
 CO. Tcnefl'ee, is handfomely fituated iti 
 Carter's valley, with a profpetfl pltafiogly 
 variegated by fome round hills at a dif- 
 tance. It contains about 20 dwelling 
 houfes, fome public buildings, ftorcs, &:c. 
 It has a number of perrenial fprings, and 
 one above the level of the ftreers. The 
 :?road from Knoxville to Philadelphia, 65a 
 miles, palTes by Rogcrfville, Rofs's Fur- 
 nace, Abingdon, Englifli's Ferry, on New 
 'River,Big LiekjPeytonfourg, Rockbridge, 
 Lexington, Staunton, N. Market, Winchei- 
 ter, Fjedericktown, York, and Lancafler, 
 Roland's Tabic, on the main land of the 
 E coafl: of the diftrict of Gafpee in L, 
 Canada, and the W part of the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, is a flat mountain, which 
 fliews itfclf off to feawa-rd ; appears above 
 feveral others, and ferves to fmd out Ifle 
 Percee, or Pierced Ifland, 15 miles front 
 Cape Gafpee. The ifland of Bonavcntur 
 ra is 3 miles beyond it. 
 
 Rolling Fori, a ma,in fouthern branch of 
 Salt river, in Kentucky. The towns of 
 Lyftra and Beaiflaurg ftand on this river. 
 R'.atan, Cape, on the coaft of S. Carol i^ 
 na. From hence to Charlefl:on light 
 houfe the courfe is W S W ^ W 21 leagues, 
 N lat. ^2> S, W Ion. 79 30. 
 
 Roman, Cape, on the coaft of Florida, i? 
 20j leagues N W by N of Cape Sable, 
 the S W point of the peninfula of Florida. 
 Roman, Cape, on the N coafl: of Terra 
 Firma, is the N point of the peninfulsi 
 which is the E limit of the Gulf of Ve- 
 nezuela. Near it on the N are a number 
 of rocks, and due Jl of it is the ifland of 
 Orua, or Aruba, belonging to the Dutch, 
 8 or 9 leagues diftant. 
 
 Romano, CiX Romano Cayo, a fmall ifland 
 off the N fliore of the ifland of Cuba. It 
 is long and narrow, and at theeafl:ern ex- 
 tremity of that cluftcr of ifles called the 
 King's Garden. 
 
 Rtms, a port: town of N, York, Oneida 
 CO. on Mohawk river, 8 miles W of 
 Whitcflown, and 376 miles from Phila- 
 delphia, having 1479 inhabitants. This 
 townfliip was taken from Steuben, and 
 incorporated in 1796. Fort Stanwix, call- 
 ed alfo New Fort Schuyler, is in this 
 town. 
 
 R'jmney^ the chief t(ywn of Hampfhire 
 
RC'S 
 
 KOS 
 
 CO. Virginia, contains about 70 dwelling 
 lioufes, a brick court hoiife and a ftonc 
 gaol. It is lituated on the wcftern bank 
 of the S W branch of Patowmac river, 
 50 miles W by N of Winchefter, 25 i4 E 
 by Nof Moorficlds, and 18 S W of Old 
 Town, in Alleghany co. Pennfylvania. It 
 is A poft town, and is 242 miles W by S 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Romopack^ a village in Bergen co. N. 
 Jcrl'cy, on Romopack river, 13 or ao 
 miles N of Patterfon. 
 
 Romulus^ a military townfliip in N. 
 York ftate, Cayuga co. between Seneca 
 r.id Cayuga Lakes. The high road to 
 the ferry at Cayuga Lake, rims through 
 its N part. It was incorporated in 1 794 ; 
 and has within its jurifdicftion the town- 
 fliipsof Junus and Galen, and that part 
 of the lands rtlcrved to the Cayuga nation 
 «f Indians, W of Cayuga Lake. It has 
 1025 inhabitants. 
 
 Ro>ide,ov Rbon.le JJlandyOvio. of the Gren- 
 adines, dependent on the ifland of Gren- 
 ada, in the W. Indies, fituated about mid- 
 way between Cariacou and the N end of 
 Grenada, about 4 leagues from each. It 
 contains about 500 acres of excellent land, 
 which arc wholly applied to pallurage, 
 and the cultivation of cotton. 
 
 Rope Ftrry, a ferry acrofs a bay In the 
 town of New London, Connecticut ; 4 
 lAiles S W by W of N. London city, on the 
 poft road to New Haven, I'he bay fets 
 up from Long Ifland Sound, between 
 Millftone Point and Black Point in Lyme. 
 In Auguft, 1796, a bridge, 500 feet long, 
 was built acrofs this ferry, 2 miles above 
 Millftone Point, where the water is 18 
 feet deep. The bridge is 24 feet broad, 
 with a Aiding draw. 
 
 Rogue, Gape, on the coaft of Brazil, N 
 W of Cape St. Augaftine, S lat. 6 20, W 
 Ion. 37 30. 
 
 Ro/a,a. cape in the ifland of St. Domingo, 
 E N E -I E of Cape Dame Marie, the W 
 point of the ifland, dlftant about 7 leagues. 
 
 Ro/a, or Si. R'>fcs an extcnfive bay on 
 the coafl of W. Florida, ftretching about 
 30 miles N E, and is from 4 to 6 miles 
 broad. The bar before it has only 7 or 
 8 feet water, where deepeft; but within 
 tbcre is i6 or 17, as far as the Red Bluff 
 on the main land. The peninfula be- 
 tween this bay and that of Penfacola, on 
 the W, is from i to 3 or 4 miles broad. 
 It is generally a tery poor, fandy foil, 
 producing, in fome places, large pines 
 and live oak. The largefl: river that falls 
 iato the b.ay x% Chada Hutcha, or Pea 
 
 river, which runs from the N E and enter* 
 the caftern extremity of the bay through' 
 feveral mouths, but fo flioal that only a' 
 fmall boat or canoe can pafs them. Mr,' 
 Hutchius afccnded it a\)Out 25 leagues,, 
 where he found a fmall party of the 
 Coullac Indians. 
 
 Rofa, or Rife IJlandt extends along the 
 mouth of the above bay, and is about 5b 
 miles long, and no v.-here above half a 
 mile broad. The channel at the E end 
 of the iiland is fo choaked up with a large 
 flioal, in fome places dry, that the deep- 
 eft vi^ater is only 4 or 5" feet ; and tiie 
 channel between Rofe Ifland and the 
 main is barely fufiicient for boats orpec- 
 tiaugere. 
 
 Rljulie, Forty h fituated in the MifTifip- 
 pi territory, in the Natcliez country, oij- 
 the E fide of the Mifl.fippi, in lat. 31 40 ; 
 243 miles above New Orleans. 
 
 Rujcauy the capital of the ifiand of 
 Dominico, in the W. Indies. It is now 
 called Charlottetown, and is fituated id 
 St. George's parlfli, about 7 leagues from' 
 Prince Rupert's Bay. It is on a point of 
 land on tJic S W fide of the ifland which 
 forms two bays, viz. Woodbridge's Bay N, 
 and Chailotteville Bay S. Kofeau is 
 about half a mile in len^l^h from Char- 
 lotteville to Roleau, and moftly two fur- 
 longs in breadth, but is of an irregular 
 figure. It contains more than 500 houfes, 
 befide cottages occupied by negroes, 
 Whilft in poiVeffion of the French, it con- 
 tained upwards of loco houfes. N lat, 
 15 25, W Ion. 61 27. 
 
 Rofe, St. or Jayria. The cftabliflimcnts 
 in the plain of St. Rofe, and thofe on the 
 banks of the Jayna, on the S fide of the 
 iiland of St. Domingo, are looked upon as 
 depending on the city of St. Domingo, 
 They are reckoned to contain, at icafV, 
 2000 inhabitants ; for the moft part peo- 
 ple of colour, free and flavcs. The river 
 Jayna is 3 leagues W of that city. The 
 parifli of St. Rofe or Jayna, which has in 
 its dependency the ancient rich popula- 
 tion of Bonaventure, is now reduced to 
 a handful of individuals, whofe employ- 
 ment is the breeding of cattle or the wafli- 
 ing of gold fand. Towards the fource of 
 the Jayna, and near the town of St. Rofe, 
 were the celebrated gold mines of St. 
 Chriftopher ; in the neighbourhood of 
 which Columbus erecSled a fort by the- 
 name of St. Chriftopher. 
 
 Rofeioay, i'or/, a populous fcaport town,, 
 on the S E coaft of Nova Scotia, N E by 
 E of Cape Negro and Harbour- 
 
 Rofeway, 
 
HDtr 
 
 ROW 
 
 "kofetvay IJland, lies at tlie TtlOUth o' 
 Von Wager, on the S E coaft of Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 Rojict, Cape, in Penobfcot Bay, Maine. 
 
 Rojhrsy Cape, the S limit of the mouth 
 bf the river St. Lawrence ; from whence 
 it is 90 miles acrofs to the N fliore, meaf- 
 liring by the W end of the iHand of An- 
 licofli. This is the earterrimoft point of 
 the diflridl of Gafpee, in L. Canada. It 
 has Florell Ifle and Cape Galpee on the 
 S. N lat. 48 56, W Ion. 63 40. 
 
 Rafi, a CO. of the flate of Ohio, has 8540 
 inhabitants. It is divided into n to^vn- 
 ihips, viz. Pickawayj Green, JefFtrfon, 
 Pe Pee, Lick, Scioto, Union, Concord, 
 Faxton, New Market, and Wayne. 
 
 Rojp.gnol, Fort, on the S coaft of Nova 
 Scotia, a harbour S W df Port de L'Heve. 
 
 RnJJl'snol, a conlldcrable lake in Nova 
 Scotia, between Liverpool and Annapolis. 
 The Indians fay it is the main fource of 
 Liverpool and Petit rivers. It has been 
 a place of refort for the Indians, on ac* 
 count of the favourable hunting grounds 
 tipon it. 
 
 Roltei-ddTTi, tjf Anamocce Jp, one of the 
 Friendly Iflands, N of Amfterdam Ifle ; 
 remarkable for its fertility and the peace- 
 able difpofition of the inhabitants. 
 
 Rotterdam, Netv, a new fettlement on 
 the N fide of Oneida Lake, N. York. 
 
 Rouge, Cape, or Red Cape, on the N fide 
 of the idand of St. Domingo, 4 leagues W 
 of Point Ifabellica. 
 
 Rouge River, in Louifiana, is fo called 
 from its waters being of a red colour, and 
 laid to tinge thofe of the Mffifippi in the 
 time of the floods. It rifcs in New Mex- 
 ico, and, after -running about 600 miles, 
 joins the Mifllfippi 187 miles above New 
 Orleans, 36-^ miles below Fort Rofalie ; 
 30 miles from Its mouth it I'eceives Noir, 
 or Black river. Near 70 leagues up Rouge 
 river the French had a confiderable pofl 
 called Natchitoches. It WdS a frontier to 
 the Spanifli fcttlements, being 20 miles 
 frona Fort Adayes, The Fort at Natchi- 
 toches was formerly garrifoned by a Cap- 
 tain's Command, and contained about 40 
 families, moftly of difcharged fo!dicrs,and 
 fpme merchants, who traded with the 
 rajaniards. Tobacco of a fuperior quali- 
 fy is cultivated at this port, in cor.fidera- 
 ble quantities, and fold at New Orleans. 
 See Red River. Hutsbins. 
 
 Rouge Chapeau, OX Red Hat, a cape on 
 the coafl of N. America. N lat. 46 31, 
 W Ion. sS ^6. 
 
 R'.und B(iy^ a fine bay, with good an- 
 
 chorage, on the W fide of t!ie ifland of 
 St. Lucia. 
 
 Round, Cape, on the coafl of Labra- 
 dor. 
 
 Round Heads, Indians inhabiting on 
 Round Head river, in N.America. War- 
 riors, 2000. 
 
 Round Ifland, a fitiall ifland on the cOaft 
 of W. Florida, lies 5 miles N from, and 
 oppohte to, the middle of Horn Ifland, 
 and is well timbered. 
 
 Round Rock, one of the Virgin Iflands, 
 N of Ginger Ifland. N lat. 18 10, W 
 Ion. 6a SZ- 
 
 Roivan, one of thfe moft populous coun- 
 ties of N. Carolina in SaliPjilry dilhicl ; 
 bounded N by Iredell, and S by Cabarrus. 
 It contains 19,413 inhabitants, including 
 2532, flaves. In this co. about 10 miles S 
 W of Salifl;)ury, 200 from the fca, and 70 
 from the mountains is a remarkable fub- 
 terraneous wall. The fliones are all of 
 one kind, contain iron ore, are of a long 
 figure, commonly about 7 inches long, 
 fometimes 12. The ends of the ftones 
 forrn the fides of the wall, fome preferve 
 their dimenfions, others end like a wedge. 
 The alternate pofition of great and 
 fmall ends keeps the wall level. Every 
 concave ftone is furniflied with 1 convex. 
 The mod irregular are thrown into the 
 middle of the wall. Every ftone is cov- 
 ered with cement, which in fome inftances 
 is an inch thick, and where wet is foft 
 like putty. The wall is uniformly 2Z 
 inches thick, the length difcovered is 
 about 300 feet, the height 12 or 14. The 
 top of the wall is nearly parallel with the 
 top of the ground, about a foot below, 
 both fides are plaftered, and in one place 
 only is a bend or curve of 6 feet. 'Fhe 
 whole is executed in a moft fkilful man- 
 ner. See Wall Subterraneous. 
 
 Roive, a townflaip in the N W corner 
 of Hampfliire co. Maflachufetts ; bound- 
 ed N by Vermont, 115 miles N "W of Bof- 
 ton. It is watered by Deerficld river, 
 and contains 575 inhabitants. 
 
 Roiuley, a townfliip of Maflachufetts, 
 ElFex CO. having Newbury on the N E. 
 The inhabitants, 1557 in number, are 
 moftly farmers. Near its bounds with 
 Newbury on the hill S E from the mills 
 on Smelt R. fome fpecimens of black 
 lead have been difcovered, and it is 
 thought there is a confiderable body of 
 it, which may be, hereafter, an object 
 of confequence. It is 4 miles N by W of 
 Ipfwich, and 34 N by E of Bolton, and 
 was incorporated in 1639. 
 
 ^oxas^ 
 
:^ O Y 
 
 RUN 
 
 Rexat.Halte J.-, the heights in the dlf- 
 tri<ft of Bayaguana, in the middle of the 
 E part of the ifland of St. Domingo, are 
 fo called. Here Valverde law, after hav- 
 ing long fought for it in vain, a httle 
 quadruped, which in form and fize refem- 
 bled a fucking pig of a fortnight old, ex- 
 cept that its fnout was a httle longer. It 
 had but very little hair, which was as fine 
 as tliat of the dogs called Chinrfd. The 
 town of Bayaguana is about 4 leagues S 
 E hy E of Baya. 
 
 Roxborough, £t townfliip of J^ennfylvania, 
 Philadelphia co. 
 
 Rixhury.^ a pleafailt tov^n in Norfolk cb. 
 Maflachufctts, one n-.tle S W of Bofton. 
 The townfliip is now divided into 3 par- 
 illie-', and was fettled in i6,';o. In the 3 
 parrilies are 4765 inhabitant'^. The 
 lirft parifh in this town has lately been j 
 connedleu wlthBofton harbour by a canal. | 
 The Rev. John Eliot, the Apoftle of the 
 Indian.^, was the liril minifler who fettled 
 h'^re. He tran Hated the Bible, and other 
 pious books, into the Indian language ; : 
 aad founded many rehgous focieties 
 among the Indians. Thofe al Marfipecy 
 few in number, remain to this day. He 
 died in 1670, after being paftor 60 years. 
 Roxhury^ a townfliip in the \V part of 
 Orange co. Vermont, having 113 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Roxhury, a townfliip of Morris co. N. 
 Jerfey, on Mufconecunk river, 25 miles 
 from its confluence with the Delaware, 
 and 45 miles N of Trenton. Near it is a 
 mineral fpring. 
 
 Roxbnry, a town in Litchfield co. Coxi- 
 neifticut, containing 11 21 inhabitants. 
 
 Roxo^ a cape near the S W part of Por- 
 to Rico Ifland, and S of Cape Rincon. N 
 lat.. 18 II, W Ion. 67 S3' 
 
 Royal Bay, at the N part of the ifland 
 of Antigua. 
 
 Royal Ip, in the S W part of lake Su- 
 perior, lies to the N of Ifle Philippeaux, N 
 E of W. bay, and S of the Grand Portage. 
 It is about J CO miles long and 40 broad 
 
 Smyth. 
 Royal TJlcy 2l fmall fertile ifland in the 
 river St. Lawrence; 60 miles below Lake 
 Ontario. The French fort on it was 
 taken by Gen. Amherfl, in 1760. 
 
 Royal's R. in Cumberland cc. Maine, 
 empties into Cafco Bay, in the townfliip 
 of N. Yarmouth. 
 
 Royalton, a townfliip in Windfor co. 
 Vermont, N W of Hartford, on White R.. 
 and contains 1501 inhabitants. 
 
 Royaljtim, a townfliip of Maifachufetts, 
 Vox. I. Xxx 
 
 Worcefter co. 40 miles N W by N of 
 Worcefter, and 70 N W of Bcfton. It was 
 incorporated in 1665, and contains 1243 
 inhabitants. Miller's R. runs through 
 this town from the B. 
 
 Riiatan, or Rattan, an ifland in the Bay 
 of Honduras, 8 leagues frotn the Mofqui- 
 to fliore, and about 200 W by S of the 
 ifland of Jamdca. It is 30 miles long and 
 1 3 broad, naturally fortified with rocks 
 and flioals, except the entrance into the 
 harboui-, which is fo narrow that only 
 one fliip can pafs it at a time ; the 
 harbour is one of the nnell in the 
 world, and can aft'ord firfe anchorage for 
 joo fall of fliips. It was totally imiuhab- 
 ired until 1742, when the Brltifli, under 
 the command of Major Crawford, began 
 a fcttlement, in order to protec'l: the log- 
 wood cutters, and fecure a trade with the 
 Spaniards of Guatimala, for cochineal 
 indigo, &c. but it v/as iboit abandoned. 
 N lat. 176, W km. 88 12. 
 
 R't-re'cy's Mills, in S. Carolina, are aboult 
 12 miles N of Camden, near the weftern- " 
 mod branch of Lynche's Creek. Here 
 Gen. Greene retreated, in May, 1781, to 
 wait for reinforcements, after his repulfe 
 at Camden, and to prevent fupplies 
 reaching it. 
 
 Ru'iffzau, Gfand, a fettlement on the E 
 fide of the river Miflifippi, and in the In- 
 diana Territory, which, with the villages 
 of St. Philip and Braire du Rochefs, con^^ 
 tained, in 1792, 240 inhabitants. 
 
 Rumford. See Concord, N. Hampfliire. 
 Rumford, a town in Cumberland co, 
 Maine, on the N bank of G. Androfcog- 
 gin R. about 80 miles N W of Portland. 
 The townfliip is about 8 miles fquare, 7 
 of which lie N of Androfcoggin R. which 
 meanders through it about 12 miles. 
 About a mile from its E line there is a 
 large fall. EUis' river runs through it oa 
 the weft fide. 
 
 Rumi Ramb:i, a plain near Quito in P«i- 
 ru, full of large fragments of rocks, throwa 
 thither from a volcano, formerly in the 
 famous mountain of Pichincha. 
 
 Rum Key, one of the Bahama Iflands. 
 N lat. 23 52, W Ion. 74 17. 
 
 Rumney, OX Romney, a tOWnfliip of N. 
 Hampflijre, Grafton co. on a N branch qf 
 Baker's R. about 7 or 8 miles N W of 
 Plymouth on the W fide of the Pemige- 
 waiTet. It was incorporated in 1767, and 
 contains 624 inhabitants. 
 
 Runanvay Bay, on the N W coafl of the 
 ifland of Antigua, between the fort on 
 Corbizon'9 Poiut N, and Fort Hamilton 
 
 to 
 
RUT 
 
 RYE 
 
 to tHe South. Off it lie rocks andfiioals. 
 
 Runaiuay Bay^ on the N coalt of the 
 ifland of Jamaica, W of Great Laughlands 
 r.vv€r and Mumby Bay, and 9 or lo miles 
 E of Rio Bueno. 
 
 Rupert, the N wefternmoll townfliip of 
 Bennington co. Vermont. It contains 
 1648 inhabitants. 
 
 Rupert's Bay, at the N W end of the 
 ifland of Dominica, in the W. Indies, 
 affords good'flielter from the winds, and 
 is deep, capacious and fandy. It is the 
 principal bay of the ifland, and on it is 
 erected the town of Portfmouth. 
 
 Rupert's Fort, at the bottom of Hudfon's 
 Bay, in N. America, is fituated on a river 
 of the fame name, on theE fide of James's 
 Bay; between SladeR. N, andNodway 
 R. S. N lat. 51 50, Wlon.805. 
 
 Rifpfrt's IJljnd, tlie mod weflerly of the' 
 4 idand.s hi the ftraits of Magellan, which 
 form the S fide of Royal Reach. 
 
 Rujkohegran, the Indian name of ParkerV 
 Ifland in Kennebeck river. 
 
 Ruffelvilh, a town in Logan CO. in the 
 fouthern part of Kentucky, in a populous 
 part of the flate, about 40 miles from 
 Nafliville,has 6? inhabitants. 
 
 Rujdl Toivnfiip, in'-the county of I .eeds, 
 U. Canada, lies to the northward of 
 Kitley. 
 
 Riijlom River, U. Canada, runs into lake 
 St. Clair, between Point aux Rockes and 
 Belle river : a loaded boat m^iy go 6 miles 
 up this river ; the land is exceedingly 
 good on its banks ; there is a fettlement 
 of Indians a few miles up it. Smyth. 
 
 Bfilffll, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N 
 by Greenbriar, and S by Lee co. It con- 
 tains 4456 inhabitants, including 2)5'^' 
 Haves. 
 
 RvjTdl, a townfliip in Hampfliire ca. 
 Mafl'achufetts, 15 miles W of Springfield, 
 and ic8 W by S of Bofl:on. It was in- 
 corporated in 179Z, and contains 431 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Rutherford, z CO. of Morgan di fir i 61:, N. 
 Carolina, bounded N by Burke and S by 
 the ftate of S. Carolina. It contains 
 10,696 inhabitants, inchiding 1047 flaves. 
 
 Rutherford Toivn, capital of the abo\ e 
 CO. has a court houfe, gaoly and a few 
 dwelling houfes. 
 
 RnthJboroHgh,?i village in Queen Anne's 
 CO Maryland, on I'uckahoc Creek, 6 
 miles S E of Centerville, and 7| N W of 
 Greenfborough. 
 
 Rutland, a CO. of Vermont, bounded N 
 by Addifyn CQ. E by Windfvr, % by Ben- 
 
 nington, W by N. York. Otter Cre.sic:- 
 and other flreams, water this county. It' 
 has alfo numerous lakes or ponds, well' 
 ftored with fifli ; the chief of thefe, are 
 Lakes Bombazon, and St. Auftin ; the 
 formed in Hubberton and Gaftleton, and 
 the latter in Wells. It contains 25 tovvu- 
 fliips," and 23,813 inhabitants. Here are 
 14 forges, 3 furnaces, aftd a flitting mill. 
 
 Rutland, a pofl: town of Vermont, and 
 i capital of the above co. on Otter Creek, 
 j SS miles from its m.outh in Lake Cham" 
 [ plain ; 57 miles N of Bennington, 45 W 
 I by N of Windfor. It contains a con- 
 gregational church, a court houfe, and 
 2125 inhabhants. N lat. 43 34 30, W 
 Ion* 72 5a 30. The mean heat here, ac- 
 cording to Dr. Williams, is 43 6 
 Leafl: heat ar 
 Greatefl: heat 92 
 Pipe clay is found here, which has been 
 wrought into crucibles that prove very 
 durable. 
 
 Rutland, a townfliip of Mafl'achufetts, 
 Worcefter co. 14 miles N V/ of Worcefler; 
 and 56 W of Bofton. The to\Ani was in- 
 corporated' iat 1722, and contains isoa 
 inhabitants. It is on the height of land 
 between Connecticut river and Merri- 
 mack; Front a barn in this town, the 
 water which drops -from the eaftern fid^ 
 of the roof, runs to the Merrimack, and 
 tliat which fails from the weftern fide 
 runs to the ConnecSticut. In this town 
 are two conflderable ponds. Several" 
 ftreams proceed theace in diflierent di- 
 recflions ; fomefufhciently large for milk, 
 'Ilie profpe(5ts from the centre of tht 
 towU are extenfive and delightful. 
 
 Rutlcdge, the fliire town of Grainger co. 
 Teneflee, in^ Richland valley. It con'- 
 tains 8 or 10 dwelling houfes, and is si 
 handfome flourifliing village. 
 
 Rye, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire, on 
 the fea coaft of Rockingham co. oppoflte 
 the Ifle of Shoals, and 8 miles S of Portf- 
 mouth. It was incorporated in 17 19, 
 and contains 890 inhabitants. The coail 
 affords excellent filt hay. 
 
 Rye, a townfliip of N. York, W. Chefi:er 
 CO. on L. Ifland Sound ; 36 miles N E of 
 N.York city. It contains 11 74 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Rve, a townfliip in Cumberland co. 
 Pennfylvania, It has 1030 inhabitants. 
 
 i?)',?f</^i:', the S eaflernmoft townfliip of 
 Caledonia co. Vermont, and feparated 
 from Bath in N. Hampfhire, by Connedl- 
 icut R. It contahii 406 inhabitants. 
 
 SABA, 
 
SAC 
 
 SAC 
 
 S. 
 
 s 
 
 ^ABAj one of the Caribl)ee Iilands, in 
 the W. I. belonging to the Dutch, about 
 12 miles In circumference. It is 13 miles 
 N W of St. Euftatia, and 30 S W of St. 
 Bartholomew. Nlat. 17 39, W Ion. 63 17- 
 
 Saha,LitiL', one of tlie Imaller Virgin 
 Iflands, S of St. Thomas, belonging to 
 the Danes. 
 
 Sable, Cape,, the S W point of the prov- 
 ince of Nova Scotia. N lat. 43 24j W 
 Ion. 65 39. Variation of the needle, in 
 1787,12 15 W. 
 
 Sable, Cape, the S W point of the peR- 
 infula of Florida ; 33 leagues E N £, ^ 
 £ of the S W point of the Dry Tortuga 
 Shoals. Nlat. 24 57, W Ion, 81 52. 
 
 Sable, Great and Little, two, rivers emp- 
 tying into I^ake Champldiin from the W 
 Tide. Great Sable R. is not far from the 
 Saranac, and is fcarcely 60 yards wide. 
 On this flxeam are remarkable falls. Th^ 
 whole defcent of the water is about 200 
 feet, in feveral pitches, the greatefl of 
 which is 40 feet perpendicular. At tlje 
 foot of it the water is unfathomable. A 
 large pine has been feen, in a frefli£t, to 
 pitch over endwife, and remain feveral 
 minutes under water. The ftream is 
 confined by high rocks on eltlier fide, a 
 fpace of 40 feet ; and the banks at the 
 falls are at lead as many feet high. In a 
 frefliet, the flood wood frequently lodges, 
 £.nd in a few minutes the water riles to 
 full banks, and then burfts away its ob- 
 ftrucSlIons, with a moft tremendous 
 crafliing. 
 
 Sable, an iiland S E of Cape Breton 35 
 leagues. It is narrow, dreary, and barren. 
 N lat. 44 15, W Ion. 60. 
 
 Sable Point, on the W fide of Newfoimd- 
 land. N lat. jo 24, W Ion. 57 '^^. 
 
 Sables, Riviere aux, runs into the S of 
 4ake Huron, S. of the highlands, and E to 
 •where tJie waters.of that lake defcend in- 
 to river St. Clair. 
 
 Sacatacolula, or Lacatecnlula, on the W 
 coaft of Mexico, 12 mik s from Limpa R. 
 There is a burning mountain near the 
 town of the fame name. 
 
 Sac, Grands Rimere dit Cnl de, a river of 
 the iiland of St. Domingo, which rii'es In 
 Montagne de la Selle, by two branches ; 
 takes a fcmicircular courfe of 12 leagues, 
 and runs W into the fea, about two 
 leagues N of Port an Prince. 
 
 Sackville, a townlhip of Nova Scotia, 
 ^Cumberland co. on Chegneclo Bafon, 
 called by the French Beau Balin, and 
 
 Tintamare, and the N fide of the tiver 
 au I.ac. 
 
 Sao Falls, fituated on Saco river, arc 
 5 miles from the lea. The river is here 
 divided by Indian iHand, confiding of 
 about 30 acres of land, and on each fide 
 of it tuml3les over a precipice of rocks, 
 and mixes with the tide. The profpect 
 from the E fide of the ifland is very fub- 
 lime and majcftic. From the beginning 
 of the falls, to the tide below, the differ- 
 ence of height is above 40 feet. There, 
 are many corn and faw mills ; on the 
 falls, and below the ifl;ind is a fine bafon, 
 where vcffels take in their cargoes. Sai- 
 nton Falls are 10 miles above this. 
 
 Scico;River, is one of the three larged 
 rivers in this diftrha. The principal, 
 part of its waters f^U from the White 
 Mountains. Its courfe, i'omedi (lance from 
 its fource, is S ; it then fuddenly bende 
 E, and crofics Into Maine, and \hsi^ 
 makes a large bend N E and S W, em- 
 bracing the fine townOiip of Frychnrg. 
 lis general courfe theacc to the. Sea is S 
 E. Great and .Little Olfapce rivers fal! 
 into it from the W, I'his river is nari- 
 gable for flnps \o Saeo Falls, about 6. 
 miles from the fea. Here the river is 
 broken by Indian Ifiand.o vcr which is the, 
 poft road. A bridge is thrown over each 
 ef the branches. A number of milliare, 
 erected here, to which logs are floated 
 from 40 to fo miles above ; and Vv'^llels 
 can come rjtiite to the mills to take in the 
 lumber. Four million fee: of pine boards 
 v/cre annually lawed at thefe mills before 
 the want-. Tne mouth of this river lies 4 
 miles E of Cape Porpoife. There is a 
 bar which wvli not allow a vedel of above 
 10^ tons burden to pals, if fully loadtrd.. 
 Without the bar, and between Fletcher's 
 Neck and the main land, is a pool, where- 
 in vclTels of any lize may lie at all fcafons 
 of the year, and rake in their hidings at 
 pleafyre. On the W fide of the river % 
 fmall neck of land divides it from the 
 pool, wliich might be eifily cut, and fo. 
 fave the hazard of paiTing the bar. On 
 the branches of this river, as well as on 
 the main ftream, are a great many mills 
 and valuable works : 30 miles from the 
 fea, a fmail ftream ilTuing from Little Offa- 
 pee pond, joins it.; and 20 miks further 
 up Great OlTapec river, from another 
 pond, fwells the Saco, and impels its 
 courfe. Proceeding up tlie Saco, its 
 fource is found on the S fide of the White 
 Mountains, in N. Hampfliire. From thefe 
 mouutaiiia the waters run into Conuecll- 
 
 cut, 
 
*AG 
 
 SA! 
 
 cut, Saco, and Androfcoggia rivers. 6aco 
 river n^.eandcrs througii the ancient Fn- 
 dian village of Peckwalket, 60 miles from 
 the fea. In 1775, a new river burft into 
 the Saco, from the White Mountains, and 
 ftill continues to aid Saco and a branch 
 of it, called Ellis's river. A mixture of 
 iron ore, gave the waters a red colour 
 for .1 few days, and the people on the up- 
 per banks had a report, that the river 
 \yas bloody, which they conlidcred as an 
 ill omen to the public concerns. 
 
 &acrav!£nt^ St. the S weflemmofl Portu- 
 guefe fettlcmcnt in Brazil, being oppofite 
 to Buenos Ayres. It rs alio called Sacra- 
 ments Colonic, and was taken by the Span- 
 iards in 176^, after a month's liege ; but 
 by the treaty of peace it was rcftored. 
 
 Su'C! ijics If.diid, on the W coafl: ot N. 
 Mexico, is about 3 miles W of Watering 
 IHand, and \% miles from Coiula river. 
 
 S(}ddle. Bach^ an Ifland in Hudfon's Bay. 
 N lat. 67 7, W Ion. 68 13. It lies nearly 
 due W of Terra Nieva. 
 
 Saddle River ^ a village in Eergen co. N. 
 Jerfey. 
 
 Sadjlury, a townfiiip jp Cheftcr co. 
 Peunfylvania, has 94c inhabitants. 
 
 Sa^adoK>oce, a great part ot the Diftri(?l 
 of Maine was formerly ip caHcd. In the 
 grant by king Charles II. to his brother 
 the Duke of York, this ten jtory was for- 
 merly defcribcd in the following manner. 
 *' All that part of the main land of N. 
 3E.ngland, beginning at a certain place 
 called St. Crois, adjoining to New Scot- 
 land in America, and from thence ex- 
 tending along the fea coafl to a certain 
 place called Pimaquin, or Peniaquid, raid 
 fo up the river thereof to its turtheft head 
 as it extends to the northward, and ex- 
 tending from thence to the river Quene- 
 bec, and fo up by the fliorted couric to 
 the river of Canada northward." This 
 tradl was called the Duke of York's 
 Property, and was annexed to the govern- 
 ment of N. York At the revolution, in 
 1688, it reverted to the crown. 
 
 Si'g,iff}oftd, a river of the N. W. Territp- 
 ry, which has a S E courle, and enters 
 Illinois river, 30 miles below De;ni Qnian 
 liver, and 135 from the Mifiinppi. it is 
 3CO yards wide at its mouth, and is navi- 
 gable for fmall boats or canoes upwards 
 of 1 80 miles, 
 
 Sagctuck River, 2. fmall river of Connec- 
 ticut, which rifcs in Ridgcficld, in Fair- 
 iicld CO. pafTes through Reading and Wef- 
 ton, and running fouthward, feparate, 
 Ti.rf.eld frcm No. walk, ajd empties iaio 
 
 a harbour qf its own name in Long Ifland 
 Sound. 
 
 Saganaitum^ Or Sagnna Bjv, in the S W 
 part of Lake Huron, is about 80 miles 
 in length, and i8 or ao miles broad. A- 
 round it live the Chippeway Indian?. 
 
 Sagendngo, a head branch of Hudfon's 
 river. Its rnouth Is about 20 miics Wof 
 Fort Anne. 
 
 Sagg Hdrbnur^z port town and port of 
 e-ntry in N. York, Suiro'k co. at the E 
 en<l of Long Illand. It has an excellent 
 harbour, and is finely fuuatcd for trade 
 and navigation. Before thcrevoiutionary 
 war the town vyas thinly inhabited. Thofe 
 who remaintd here during the war, fuf- 
 fered greatly by the rav^.^cs of the enemy. 
 But lince the peace of 1783, the popula- 
 tion ^nd.bufinefscf the place iiave great- 
 ly increafed. It contained in 1797, near- 
 ly 100 dwelling houfes, and 150 families; 
 and a houle of worfliip fur Congrcga- 
 tionalifts or Prefbytcrians. I'he whale 
 filliery from this harbour produced 1000 
 barrels of oil annually. Its exports in 
 1794 amounted to the value of 6763 dol-. 
 lars. It is ii miles N W of Southamp-; 
 ton, and 107 E of N. York. 
 
 Saginaga Lake, in U.Canada, is 24 miles 
 long from E to W, and lefs than 3 milea 
 wide. 
 
 SaguanayTL bay in the N E corner of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, ou the coaft of Florida, 
 haviug numerous iflcs on both fides. 
 
 Sagucnai, or Sagucny^ a large river of 
 Canada which rifcs from Lake St. John, 
 and after puri'uing an eaflerly courfe 
 above 100 miles, empties through the W 
 bank of the river St. Lawrence, at the 
 town and harbour of TadoHac. It is 
 about 4 of a \nile wide at its mouth, antj 
 is from 8p to 90 fathoms deep, but higher 
 up it is wider ; and the narrowncfs of 
 the channel greatly increafes its rapidity, 
 though it is navigable for thelargefl; vef*- 
 fels %s leagues from its mouth. The har- 
 bour, called Port Tadoufine, affords con- 
 vcjiient anchorage for 25 fail of fliips of 
 war, and is well fecured from all winds 
 and {forms. It is deep, of a circular form, 
 and furrounded at a diftance with very 
 high rocks, except at the entrance. A 
 fmall ftream empties into it, fufiicient to 
 water a fleet. 'I'he country in the vicin- 
 ity abounds with marble. 
 
 Saguanay Rii'er, Little^ a river of Labra- 
 dor, which runs fputhward, and empties 
 into the St. Lawrence a iliort way E of 
 tiie Seven llles, and W of Bafcn nvcr. N 
 la:. .:c 18, \V Ion, 65. 
 
SAL 
 
 SAL 
 
 Fi!UIng Ccve, on the S fide of tlielHand 
 oF Ntwfounuhind, in tlie great bay where- 
 in is fituatcd the bay of IVepalB. It is 6 
 miles Nof Cape Pine. 
 
 SuHRmL See Awhvofc, St.. 
 
 St. Ann, Cups, on the S fide of the riv- 
 er St. Lawrence, near its mouth, and on 
 the Ncoaft of the diftrift of Gafpee, in 
 L. Canada. N (at. 48 29, W Ion. 63 43. 
 
 St: Ann/s, a ftttlement on the E coaft 
 of Cape Breton I. which has a harbour. 
 
 St. Anne's Jftands, 3 iflands htuated in 
 the bay of St. Louis de Maraguan,on the 
 coafl of Brazil, S. America. 
 
 St. Carlos, iHes on the N. W. coaft of 
 America. The largefl: of this group is 
 about a leagues in circumference. Small- 
 er irtes lie between this and the main. 
 Lat. 54 48 N, Ion. 136 13 W. 
 
 St. Clement, a volcano of S. America. 
 Lat. 46 S. 
 
 St. George, a town in Lincoln co. Maine, 
 taken from the W part of Cufliing, in- 
 corporated 1803, on the Eof Sc. Gcorgp's 
 river. 
 
 Sah;fT. % ifiands near Guadalonpe. 
 
 Sal. R'lo Lagra de, Or River of the Salt 
 Lake, on the coaft of Brazil. 
 
 Salt Bay, or Baia Saluda, 30 miles N of 
 Cape Tontoral on the coaft of Chili. It 
 has a good fliip road which is much re- 
 forted to by coafting vefTcls, for fait as 
 well as otlier produce. Frefli water may 
 be had near the road. 
 
 Salada, an ifland in thp W. Indies, whofe 
 N E point is in lat. 10 59 N, ion. 64 
 12 W. 
 
 Salada, or Salt River, on the COaft cf 
 Peru, is within the harbour of Pinas. 
 
 Salagiia Port, on the W coaft of N. Mer- 
 ico, is near the rough head land called 
 i'an Tiago, and 8 leagues from the Vailcy 
 of Colima. Here are % good harbours, 
 called Las Calletas, or the Creeks, where 
 many fliips may ride. That to the N W 
 is very fafc, and land locked againft all 
 Tvinds, though fmaller than the other. 
 Between Salugua and the White Rock 
 (which joins the head land) is the port 
 of St. Tioga.' 
 
 Salamanca de Bacalar, a fmall but flour- 
 ifliing town of Mexico, on the E fide of 
 the ifthrnus which joins the peninfula of 
 Yucatan to the continent. It contains 
 sibout 129 houfes, with a bad fort and a 
 fmall garrifou to prevent contraband 
 trade. N lat. 17 2, W icn. 90 30. 
 
 Sulamanie Riviere, a river of the Indiana 
 Territory, which empties into the Wa- 
 bafli from the N N E, 14 miles below the 
 jriver Ecor a Amelicos, and aOj miks 
 
 above Poft St. Vincent. It rlfes by twp 
 branches, which unite about ^s «^iie* 
 from its moutli, which lies in lat. 41 3 30 
 N, and Ion. 86 25 W. 
 
 Sdlan, a Moravian fcttlement in the 
 State of Oliio, on Mufkingum river. It 
 was forfaken in 1782, and plundered by 
 the hidians, who were allies of the Briw 
 iili army. 
 
 Salem, a Moravian fettlemcnt on the J^ 
 E branch of Monong.-ihcla river ; 5 miles 
 from Gnadenhutten, ontlie oppofite fide 
 of the river, and 78 miles W from Pittf- 
 burg. Congrefs granted 4C00 acres of 
 land to the United Brethren, or Moravi- 
 ans, Sept. 3, 1788, for the purpofc of 
 propagating the Cliriftian religion among 
 the heathen. 
 
 Sulftn, Neiv, a Moravian fcttlement of 
 Chriftian Indians, on Huron river, and 
 near Pettquotting, on the S fide of Lake 
 Erie. The plantations are on the W 
 bank of the river, and the dwelling houfts 
 pn the E ftde, which is high land. In 
 June, 1786, their new chapel was cpnfct 
 crated. 
 
 Salem, z county of N. Jerfey, bounded 
 E by Cumberland, W by Delaware river. 
 It is divided into 9 townfliips ; thofe on 
 Delaware river are generally excellent for 
 p-ifture, and have large dairies. The 
 land affords, befide, fine banked mead- 
 ows, v.'hich produce flax, Indian corn, 
 wheat, and other grain ; but the people 
 are fubjedl: to intermittent fevers. Here 
 the Friends have 4 meeting houfes, the 
 Frefbyterians 4, the Epifcopalians 2, tlie 
 Anabaptifts 3, and the Gern^an Luther- 
 ans one. It contains 11,571 inhabitants, 
 of whom 85 are in flavery. AUoway 
 Crock, in this county, which runs into 
 the Delaware, is navigable 16 miles for 
 flialiop?, with feveral obftrudllons of 
 draw bridges. 
 
 SaL-m, a poft town of N. Jerfey, and 
 capital of Salem co. on a branch of Salem 
 Creek, about 3^ miles from its conflu- 
 ence with Delaware bay. It contains a 
 meeting houfe for Baptifts, one for Qua- 
 kers, and one for Methodifts ; a court 
 houfe, gaol, and about ico houfes, moft 
 of them built with brick, and many of 
 them elegant. There is a wooden bridge 
 over the creek, and fo far velfcls of 40 
 or 50 tons burden can go up. It is 20 
 miles N Wof Bridgetown, 11 S by W of 
 Woodftown, and 37 S W by S of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Salem, z townfhip of Vermont, Orleans 
 CO. at the S end of Lake Mcmphreraa- 
 
•S A L 
 
 S A t 
 
 Salem, Niiv, a townfliip inRockingham 
 :t?o. N. Hampfliire, in the S \V corner of 
 the county, adjoining Plaftow, and divicl- 
 •cd from Methuen by the Mallachufetts 
 line. It was incorporored in 1750, and 
 contains IC77 inliAbitants. 
 
 Salem, ji port of entry and pofl: town of 
 "MaiTachufctts, and tlie capital of ElTex 
 ■CO. 4 miles N W of Marblehead, and 19 
 N by E of Bofton. It is the fecoiiJ town 
 for (ize in the Commonwealth, contain- 
 ing 980 houfes, and 9457 inhabitants, 
 tind,,e:xcpt Plymci:th,,thc oldeft, was fet- 
 tled in 1618, by Governor Endicot, and 
 was called by tlie .Indians, NuujKkscg. 
 Ilere are a fociety of Quakers, an Epifco- 
 pal church, and 5 Congregational locic- 
 •tics. The town is fituated on a peninlu- 
 lii, formed by two Imall inlets oi the fea, 
 called North and South rivers. The for- 
 mer of thefepafTes into Beverly harbour, 
 and has a draw bridge acrofs it, built ma- 
 rly years ago at private expenfe. At this 
 place fomc part of the fliipping of the 
 town is iittcdout,; but the principal hat- 
 l>our and place for bufinefs is on tlie 
 other fide ot the town, at South river, if 
 that may properly be called a river which 
 ^depends on the flowing of the fca for the 
 water it contains. So llioal is this har- 
 bour, that velfels which draw more than 
 ^o or 12 feet of water, muft be laden and 
 unladen atadiftaqcc from the wharves 
 by the affiftance of lighters Notwithr 
 fianding this inconvenience, more navi- 
 gation is owned, and more trade carried 
 An in Salem, than in any port in the 
 Commonwealth, Bofton excepted. The 
 inhabitants are richer than in any town 
 in the U. S. The fifliery, the trade to 
 the W. Indicg, to Europe, to the ccart of 
 Africa, to the E. Indies, and the freighting 
 bufinef!^ from the fouthern States, are here 
 all purfucd with energy and fpirit. A 
 bank was eftablillied and incorporated 
 here in 1792, and another in 1S03. 
 The enterprife of the merchants of this 
 place is equalled by nothing but their 
 indefatigable induftry and economy. 
 Tliis latter virtue forms adiftinguilbing 
 feature in the charatSler of the people 
 of this town. Some pcrfons .of rank, 
 in former times, having carried it to an 
 unbecoming length, gave a charadler to 
 the people in general, of a difgraceful 
 parfimony. But whether this reproach 
 wis ever juftly applied in fo extenhve a 
 meafure or not, nothing can be more in- 
 jurious than to continue it at the prefent 
 time ; fof it may juflly be faid of the in- 
 
 habitants of Salem at this day, that, Witk 
 a laudable attention to the acquifition of 
 property, they exhibit a public fpirit and 
 hofpitality, alike honourable to them- 
 felves and their country. A general 
 plainnefs and neatnefs in drefs, building«t 
 and equipr!ge,and a certain liliilntis and 
 gravity of manner, perhaps in fome de- 
 gree peculiar to conmiercial people, dif- 
 tinguiili them from the citizens of the 
 metropolis. It is indeed to be wiibcd 
 that the fober induftj^- here fo univcrfal- 
 ly pracStifed, may betome more extenllvc 
 through the Union, and form the na- 
 tional characSter of Federal Americans. 
 A court houfe, built in 1786, at the joint 
 expenfe of the county and town, forma a 
 principal ornament, and is executed in a 
 ftyle of architedlure that would add to 
 tiie elegance of any city in the Union. 
 Thefupreme judicial court holds a ternt 
 here the fecond Tuefday of Nov. the 
 courts of common pleas and fefilons, the 
 fecond Tuefday of March and Sept>, 
 A manufa6lory of duck and failclothwas 
 lately inflitutcd here, and is profecuttd 
 .with much fpirit. The melancholy delu- 
 fion of 1692, refpccSling witchcraft, origi- 
 nated in this town, in the family of the 
 Rev. Mr. Paris, the then minifler, and 
 here was the principal theatre of the 
 bloody bufinefs. At the upper end of the 
 toym, at a place called, from the number 
 of executions which took place there, 
 Galloivs Hill, the graves of the unhappy 
 fufFcrers may yet be traced. Though thi$ 
 unfortunate and difgraceful bufinefs was 
 chiefly tranfaded here, it is well known 
 that the leading; people, both of churcl;i 
 andftate, in the colony, took an active 
 part in it. Unjufl therefore and highly 
 abfurd it is to fix a peculiar odium on 
 the town of Salem for what was the gene- 
 ral weaknefs or crime of the country. 
 The town of Salem is connedtcd with 
 Beverly by Effex bridge, upwards of 1500 
 feet in length, erecSted in 1 789. It is high 
 water here, at full and change, 30 minutes 
 after 11 o'clock. The works for the de- 
 f«nce of the harbour cvnfift of a fort and 
 citadel. N lat. 42 30, W Ion. 70 50. 
 
 Salem, a townfliip in W. Cheiler co. N. 
 York, bounded E and S by the fcate of 
 ConneiSticut, and W by Poundridge and 
 Bedford townfliips and Croton river. It 
 contains 1696 inhabitants. 
 
 Salem, the co. and pofl town of Wafli- 
 ington CO. N. York, bounded W by Argyle. 
 It contains 2861 inhabitants. 
 
 Sakm^ the name of two townfliips of 
 i'ennlylvania_j 
 
SAL 
 
 g' A L 
 
 fennlylvanla, the one fn Luzerne co. the 
 «rher in that of Weftmorcland. 
 
 Salemy a poft town of N. Carolina, 
 Stokes CO. on the W fide of Wack Creek, 
 iVhich with other itreams forms the Gar- 
 galis, and empties into Yadkin river. It 
 contains above ico houfes, regularly buih, 
 and chiefly occupied by tradefmea, A 
 paper miil has been ere(£led here by tlie 
 Moravians which ia very ufcfuh The 
 Moravians formedthis ftttlement in 1766. 
 It is 16 miles S E of Ararat or Pilot 
 mountain, 3 5 N Ebv Nof Salilbury, and 
 531 S W by W of Philadelphia. 
 
 ^Sa!em, the chief town of Surry co. in 
 Saiifbury diftridt, N. Carolina, 
 
 .SaUrn, a co. in S. Carolina, in Snmpter 
 diftricl, having ai86 white itihabitants, 
 aud 1385 (laves. 
 
 Salford, Upper and Loivsr, two town- 
 fbips in- Montgomery CO. Pennfylvanla. 
 
 Snlgadi}; a river on the S. coaft of Bra- 
 zil, 13 leagues N E of Rio Lagoa de Sal, 
 or Salt Lake river. It is navigable only, 
 for fmall boatSjvbut the harbour is very 
 good, lying behind the fands. 
 
 Saliiia^ a village at the S E end of Onon" 
 dago Lake, in N. York, in the co. of O- 
 BondagOt Here on lands rcferved by 
 the ftate, are Salt fprings, whofe waters 
 cover feveral acres of ground. The wa- 
 fer is faid be to lotimes fakerthan that of 
 thelea. The fait is made by fimply boiling 
 the water till the freth par tides' arc evapo- 
 rated. The country for a great diltance 
 around, is fupplied with fait from this 
 i'pring. Its local fituation is unpleafant. 
 See Onondago Lake. Grew, 
 
 ■ Salinas, on the W fliore of the Gulf of 
 !^oxico, lies N of Panuco river, and near- 
 ly under the tropic of Cancer. W Ion. 
 
 99 30. 
 
 Salinas, Capp, on the coaft of Terra Fir- 
 ma, lies oppoli^e the N W point of the 
 illand of Trinidad, which forms the paf- 
 fage called the Gulf of Paria ; 30 leagues 
 S or S by W from Cape Tres Puntas, or 
 Three Points. 
 
 Salinas Gulf, on the \V coafl of Mexico, 
 N W of rhe idand of Cano, which is in 
 lat. 8 40 N. 
 
 Salinas, Great, or Salt Bay, on the COaft 
 of Brazil, is S E of Cape Cors. The en- 
 trance into the harbour is in lat. 3 40 S, 
 and N E from its mouth, lie Salinas Shoals, 
 or Baxos de Salina. It is a noted har- 
 bour for {liips coming to load fait. 
 
 Salinas, a harbour on the coallof Peru, 
 b^riween Partridge Strand, and Guaco, 
 which afford* aoUiing but fU^lten 
 
 5^//«^.f, a' point on the 3 coafl of X&f^. 
 ifland of St. Domingo, has to the N N W 
 the celebrated bay of Ocoa, which laft is- 
 18 leagues W S W of the city of St. Do- 
 mingo. 
 
 Salinas Sljvals, due N from the fliore of 
 the N coaft of Brazil la miles, but are 
 joined to itl>y a reef of faiul' la miles ia' 
 length, and about half a mile in breadth ;r 
 and on which no large fhip^ muft venture. 
 They lie off the harbour of Salinas ; and- 
 ought to be attended to by fhips that: 
 come out to the N E from that harbour. 
 
 Saline, a hamlet, commonly called T/je 
 Saline, in Louiliana, iituated on the W 
 bank of the river Miilifippi, atthe mouths 
 of a creek, 4 miles below St, Genevieve, 
 litre all the fait is made which is ufed in- 
 the Illinois country, from a fait fpring 
 which is attiiis place. It is near 9 miles* 
 S W by S from Kaikaikias village. 
 
 Salines; a bay near the S E point of tlie; 
 ifiand of Marti'uico, and weftward of thc= 
 point io called, 
 
 SaUjhury,2. fi.^rtile diftria of N. Caroh- 
 na-, which comprehends the counties of 
 Rockingham, Guilford, Mozitgomery, 
 Stokes, Surry, Iredell, Rowan, Cabarras, 
 and Mecklenburg. It is bounded N by 
 the ftate oi Virginia, and S by the ftate 
 of S, Carolina. Iron ore is found in fev- 
 eral pares, and works have been erev5led> 
 which manufadf ure pig, bar iron, &c. to 
 coniiderable amount ; tobacco of good 
 quality is cultivated here, and the planters' 
 arc wealthy. It contains 90,376 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom, 13,389 are Haves. 
 
 SaVijhury, the capital of the above dif-. 
 tria, and a poft town, is fituated in Row- 
 an CO. on the N W fide of Cane Creek, 
 about 5 miles from its jun6lion with 
 Yadkin river. It contains a court houfe, 
 gaol, and about 70 houfes. It is a flour- 
 ifliing place, in the midft of a fine coun- 
 try, and lies about %$ miles S of the Mo- 
 ravian fettlements, an W S W of Hali- 
 fax, 97 W S W of Hilliborough, lao W 
 of Faycttevilie, and 416 S W of Wafli- 
 ington. In the neighbourhood of this 
 place, a fubterraneous Wall, a great nat- 
 ural curiofity, has lately been difcovered. 
 See Wall, Subterraneous. N lat, 2,S 47i W 
 Ion. 80 17. 
 
 Salijhury, a townfliip in EfTex co. Maf- 
 fachufetts ; is divided into two parifhes* 
 The moft ancient fettlement in this town, 
 is in the lower pariili, at which place the 
 general court of the former province of 
 Maffachufetts Bay was fometimes held» 
 Tfee part 0^ th?r t9WIl a^ prefent moft 
 ftourijIiiDS 
 
SAL 
 
 SAL 
 
 jtonrifhing, U a point of land formed by 
 the junction of Merrimack and Powow 
 Hvers. Here is a village very pleafantly 
 (Ituated on the bank of the Merrimack, 
 where, before the revohition war, fliip- 
 buildinjf was carried ati to a confiderable 
 extent, which, though now much decreal- 
 ed,i3 fliU not wholly laid alide ; and this, 
 with its auxiliary trades: and fome little 
 navigation, owned and fitted here, give 
 the place, a very lively and bufy appear- 
 ance. The continental frigate Allrana-, 
 was built, at this place, under the direc- 
 tion of Mr. Hacket, a very refpetflable 
 n*^^al architedl. It is 4 miles northerly 1 
 pf Newburyport, and 46 N E of Boflon. 
 it was incorporated in 1640, and contains 
 2 855 inhabitants. See Poicorv Rivur. 
 
 Sali/hury, a pod town of Vermont, on 
 Otter Qveek., in Addllon cd. Trciit Pond, 
 or Lak-e Dunmore, 5 miles long and 2 
 broad, is in this town. It contains 644 in- 
 habitants, and Is 15 niiies K by N of Mount 
 Independence. 
 
 Salifjury, a confideraole agricultufal 
 ^owniliip in Hillfborough co. N. Hamp- 
 flilre. It is iitnated on the W fide of Mer- 
 rimack river, at the mouth of Black water 
 river, and oppofite to Canterbury ; 10 
 or I a miles N of Concord. If v^ras incor- 
 porated in i 768, and contains 1767 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Sah/hurv,i pad town, the TVretfrac of th.e 
 Indians, is the northweflernmoft townfhip 
 of Conneclicut, Litchfield co. having Maf- 
 fachufetts N, and N. York W. It has 2266 
 inhabitants. Here are fevgral forges and 
 iron works aiid a paper mill. During the 
 late war feveral pieces of caniion were 
 cafl: in this town. 
 
 Salijbury^ a town of Delaware, Newcaf- 
 tle CO on the N fide of Duck Creek, on 
 the S line of the county; 9^ miles S K 
 of Noxtown, and la N W of Dover. 
 
 Sallfhury, the name of two townlhips in 
 Pennfyivania, in Lancafter and North- 
 ampton counties. 
 
 SaUfmtry^ a poft town of Maryland, 
 Somerfet CO. between the two principal 
 branches of Wicomico river. It contains 
 about 45 houfes and aii Epifcopal church, 
 and carries on a coniiderable lumber trade. 
 It is ^ miles S of the Delaware State line, 
 20 N W of Snow Hill, 15 S W of Vlenn;i, 
 a poit of entry, and 163 S by W of Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
 SJifhun, a fmall pofl: town of Virginia, 
 •25 miles from Alexandria, and 20 from 
 Leefburg. 
 
 /)jA7J."/v, au irtaad at the W end of Hud- 
 
 fori'ft Straits, E of Nottingham liland. JJt 
 lat. 63 29, W ion. 76 47. 
 
 Salijbury Point, forms the N lide of the 
 mouth of Merrimack river, or Newbury 
 harbour, in Maffachufetts. N lat. 42 49, 
 W Ion. 70 54. 
 
 Saihfri'.ay a harbour on the W coaft of 
 N.Mexico, which affords good anchorage. 
 N lat. 18 52. See Salaana. 
 
 Salmon Cred-, a fmall ftream which rifes 
 near a branch of Fifli Creek, and enters 
 Oneida Lake. 
 
 Salmon Cnei, JB'y, U. Canada, runs into 
 
 ike Ontario, between ■ 
 Cramahi and Haldimand. 
 
 Salmon Fall, the name of Pifcataqua riv- 
 tr from its head to the Lower Falls at 
 Berwick. See Prfcataqua River. 
 
 Solmnn Palls, in Saco river, on the line 
 between Maine and N. Hainpfliire, 10 
 miles above Saco Falls. The number of 
 i-AyfT mills' on the river has neither deflroy- 
 ed nor leflened the quantity of Salmon in 
 it. The mill dams do not extend acrofs 
 the riveir, and there is a curiofity in feeing 
 the exertion of thefe fifh in making their 
 way up the falls; when the fun Ihines 
 clear in the morning, they are frequently 
 feen engaged in this enterprife, moving 
 from one rock to another, and refting on 
 each, in fpite of the catarad: which op- 
 pofes their progrefs, until they have gain- 
 eid the Hiill waters above. 
 
 Salmon River, a confiderable flream 
 which running N, lofes its waters in I^ake 
 Ontario. It is navigable 2 miles, has abun- 
 dance of tifli, and 15 miles from its mouth 
 has a perpendicular fall of 106 feet. 
 
 Salmon Point, on the call: coaft of the ifl- 
 and of Newfoundland, and N E of Clauije 
 Point, which is the north entrance into 
 Conception Bay. 
 
 SaMsd Toitjnjh'tp, in the county of Lin- 
 coln, U. Canada, lies W of Grinlby, and 
 fronts Lake Ontario. 
 
 Salt IJlnnd, one of the fmaller Virgin 
 Ifles, and W of Cooper's Ifland. N lat. 21: 
 30, W Ion. 71 3. 
 
 Salt Jjland, on the S coafl; of the Ifland of 
 Jamaica, off Old Harbour, and N NE of 
 Portland Point. 
 
 Salt Key, a fmall ifland in the W. Indies. 
 N lat. 2 T 30, W Ion. 7 1 3. 
 
 Salt Pond Bay, on the S coaO: of the ifl- 
 and of Jamaica, eaftward of Port Royal. 
 
 Salt Lakr, N. York. Se^ Onondago L. 
 
 Salt River, in Kentucky, is formed by 
 three principal branches, and empties 
 through the S E bank of the Ohio, by a 
 mouth 80 yards, according to others, 150 
 
 yards 
 
SAL 
 
 SAL 
 
 yards wide ; 30 miles below the Rapids, 
 it is navigable for boats about 60 miles. It 
 has good lands on its head waters, but 
 they are low and unhealthy ; for 25 miles 
 from its mouth, the land on each fide is 
 level and poor, and abounds with ponds. 
 Between Salt and- Green rivers there are 
 two fprings of bitumen, which, when an- 
 alyzed, is found to be timber. 
 
 Sa/i Jiiwr, on the N ihore of Jamaica I. 
 S of Point Galina. 
 
 Salt RivdVy the arm of the fea which 
 feparates the illand of Guadaloupe, into 
 two parts, and communicates with the 
 ocean on both fidcjj of the illand. It is two 
 leagues in length ; i^ paces broad. The 
 navigaiion is hazardous, nor will it admit 
 veiTels above 25 tons. 
 
 Siiltuy a town of S. America, two thirds 
 of the way from Buenos Ayres to Potofi ; 
 where rmuienle numbers of cattle winter, 
 and arc fattened on their way to Potofi. 
 
 Salta, a town of S, America, in the prov- 
 ince of Tucuman, 58 miles S of St. Sal- 
 vador. It contains two churches, four 
 monafteries,and about 4CO houfes. It is a 
 place of great refort on account of the 
 large quantities pf corn, meal, wine, cattle, 
 fait, meat, fat, hides aud other commodi- 
 ties, which are fent from this place to 
 moft parts of Peru. S lat. 25 20, W Ion. 
 66 30. 
 
 Saltajhy a townfliip of Vermont, Wind- 
 for CO. now Plymouth, which fee. 
 
 Salt Lick Toiuriy lies 1 8 miles: below the 
 fourceof Big Beaver Creek, and 34 above 
 the Mahoning town. bee Big Bcaiier 
 Creek. 
 
 Salt Petre Creek, in Baltimore co. Mary- 
 land, falls into Gunpowder river on the 
 W iide ; 1 4 miles E N E of Baltimore. 
 
 Salt Spring Ri-ver, in the Indiana Terri- 
 tory, rifes near the E line of the New Jer- 
 fey Company's lands, and runsfouih east- 
 ward into Ohio river, 10 miles below tjie 
 mouth of the Waballi, and nearly 30, by 
 the courfe of the river, above the Great 
 Cave. It runs above 56 miles; and 10 
 miles from its mouth is the fait ipring, 
 which gives name to the river. 
 
 Salt Maoris, in Barnflable co. MafTachu- 
 fetts. Since the year 1776, fait has been 
 made on the coaft of this county, but not 
 in large quantities till within a few years. 
 Great improvements have been lately 
 made in the conftruction of thefe works. 
 In their preient ftate they have been thus 
 defcribsd, " The bottom of the vats is con- 
 ftrucled of boards ; and the fides of plank : 
 and they reft on frames, which are fn|-- 
 VoL. I, Yyy 
 
 ported by fmall. piles. Thefe vats, are di- 
 vided into three or four rooms, the fecond 
 falling three or four inches below ,tli£ 
 firft, and the third as much below the ieq- 
 ond, and fo on. A pipe, which runs un- 
 der ground, and.which communicates'with 
 the Tea, conveys the fait water into a well 
 about four feet deep. In this well is fixed 
 a pump, which is connecSted, by means of 
 a fpouf, with the firft vat, called the wa- 
 ter room. In this vat, which is longer 
 than any of the others, much filth is de- 
 pofited. After a proper time the water 
 is drawn oiT into the fecond vat, called 
 the pickle room, in which calcareous 
 matter, pr lime, is depofited. If there are 
 four yats, the third is named the lime 
 room. In this vat, or in the fecond, when 
 there are no more than three, a pellicle 
 of fait begins to gather on the furface of 
 the water, lime is plentifully depofited, and 
 the pickle is drawn olT into the laft vat, 
 called the fait room, in which only the 
 crvftals are permitted to be formed_ The 
 vats are nine or ten inches deep. In dry 
 weather, during the fummer, with a N ^ 
 wind, the evaporation is a third of an inch 
 in a day. The fait produced refembies 
 Lifbon fah, but is purer, is ftrong, and 
 free from lime. The mean weight of a 
 bufliel of it is eighty pounds. Dunng the 
 winter the Glauber fait, faid to be of an 
 excellent quality, cryftalizes. No grc;;t 
 quantity of Epfom i-Ai and magneha 'ha* 
 yet been produced. The P.ev. Mr. Brlg^s 
 of Chatham, an induftr'.ous and ingenious 
 chemlft, has however fucceedcd in cb-F 
 taining both ; and though his magneha is 
 not perfetlly white, his Epfom fait appears 
 to be incapable of improvement. The 
 marine fait is worth feventy five cents a 
 bufliel, and the glauber fak 124 cents a. 
 pound. The value of the Epfom fait and 
 magnefia is not eftimated, as the quantity 
 which may be obtained is unknov/n ; from 
 this data, £i:d the following table, the 
 great imporiance of this new manufac- 
 ture to tiie county of Barntlable will ap- 
 pear. 
 
 Nc. cf iVvrls. Ko. cf Feet*: 
 
 In Suet are 24 containiag ipii-^o 
 NobfcuiTet, 23 - \4,Z^o 
 
 Yarmouth, 4 - 16,630 
 
 Barnftable, 14 - ii/,'I7 
 
 Sandwich, 4 - 2702 
 
 Falmouth, 4 - ^9^0 
 
 Harwich, ai - 18,600 
 
 * By a font h meimt 10 fq'iare feet ; 300 fach 
 '"cet j>i"odac<- 100 bullivH cf n;u.rin£: f^it, anJ45(iIbs- 
 
 <1 U4bf:f fuiLj pel- arin;;.,!. 
 
 Chatham, 
 
SAL 
 
 SAM 
 
 Chatham, 
 
 6 
 
 Grleansj 
 
 11 
 
 Eaftham, 
 
 ' la 
 
 WcUflcct, 
 
 a 
 
 Truro» 
 
 I 
 
 Provincetown, 
 
 lO 
 
 Total, 
 
 136 
 
 11,500 
 
 3080 
 
 9100 
 
 180 
 
 700 
 11,404 
 
 121,313 
 
 Saluda, a river of S. Carolina, which 
 rifes on the borders of N. Carolina, and, 
 taking a S E courfo, joins broad river at 
 the townfliip of Columbia, and forms the 
 CongArce. 
 
 Satut, Port, lies on the S W fide of the 
 S peninfula of the if] and of St. Domingo ; a- 
 bout 14 leagues from Les Cayes, as the 
 road runs, and only 7 in a ftraight line 3 
 W of that town. N lat. 186, W Ton. 76 2a 
 
 ■ Sal-vaJnre, St. a town in the province of 
 Tucuman, in S. America, and near the 
 borders of Peru. It lies at the foot of a 
 high mountain which forms part of the 
 eaftern chain of the Andes. A little a- 
 bove the town is a conQderable river, 
 M'hich afterwards empties into the river 
 I.eon. It his about 300 houfes, and is 
 6:i, leagues N of St. Jago del Eftero. S 
 lat. 24 22, W Ion. 66 27. 
 
 - Sulvador, St. a fmall city of N. Mexico, 
 in the province of Guatimala, on a river 
 I z mile.; from the ocean. It has few 
 houfes, and little trade. Oil the N fide 
 of it, are lofty mou-i ains, called the Chan- 
 talc-, inhabited by poor Indians. In the 
 bottom, where the town (lands, are plan- 
 tations of fugar canes and indigo, with a 
 few farms for rearing cattle. N lat. 135, 
 ■W loii. 90 3. 
 
 ■ Sal-vador'e, St. the capital of Brazil, in S. 
 America^ called alfo the city of the Bay, 
 is within the' fpacious Bay'of All Saints, 
 which is full of fruitful ifles. This city, 
 which has a no'-le, fpacious, and commo- 
 dious harbour, is built on a high and ftccp 
 rock, having the fea upon one fide, a lake 
 fornung a crefcent on the other. The 
 fttuation makes it in a manner impregna- 
 ble by nature, and it has very ftrong for- 
 tifications. It is populous, magnificent, 
 and beyond comparifon, the mofi: gay and 
 opulent, in all Brazil. Vail: quantities of 
 fugar are mad*;? in its neighbourhood. S 
 lat. 13 15, W Ion. 37 S5' See Ail Saints 
 Bay. 
 
 ■ Salvadorf de Bayamo, St. a town of the 
 illand of Cuba, on a river which runs in- 
 to the head of the bay of Bayamo, about 
 30 miles N W by W of the town. 
 
 Salvadore, St. or Cuanabaniy Of Cat JJl- 
 and : which fee. 
 
 Salvage, a dry rock off Cape Ann, on" 
 the coaft of Maflachufetts. When it- 
 boars S E 2 leagues diflant, you have 6 
 leagues N W to Newburyport bar, and N 
 I W n leagues to Portfmouth. N ^ E 8 
 leagues to lile of Shoals. 
 
 Salvateon de Yguey, a fmall town in the 
 ilTand of St. Domingo, 28 leagues E of the 
 city of St. Domingo. It is famous for its 
 fug:u- works and luxuriant paftures, in 
 which vaft number of cattle feed. It is 
 alfo Z2^QiS. Higuey, or Alta Gratia ; which 
 fee; 
 
 Samanct, a large bay aft the E end of the 
 iiTandof St. Domingo. It opens to the N 
 E betv/een Cape Samana, (which is alfo 
 called Cape Refon or Cape Grondeur) on 
 the N and Cape Raphael S E of the for- 
 mer, 7 leagues aparr.' It^ mean breadth 
 is about 5 leagues, and its length ao 
 leagues. Some mariners reckon Pointe 
 d'fcaque,or Icaq^e Point,as the fouthern 
 point of the bay, which comes after Cape 
 Raphael, and is- only 13 leagues front the 
 head of the bay, and lies in lat. 19 2 N, 
 and Ion. 71 ^$ W of Paris. This bay of- 
 fers a fafe flieltcr to the ftbutefl fquad- 
 rons. Ilying to the windward of the ill- 
 andi it has the advantage overall the oth- 
 er places as a maritime poft; which ren- 
 ders it capable of prote<5ling the whole 
 gulf of Mexico, to wliich it is in reality a 
 key. The entrance is difficult, and very 
 narrow; becaufe from the fouthern fide 
 of its opening, runs a breaker, which ad- 
 v<inces in a point towards Port Banifter, 
 and between- which, and the northern 
 coaft, nature has placed the rock or flial- 
 iow, called the Rebels. This rock nar- 
 rows the entrance, fo that between it and 
 the land, forming the N fide, in the inte- 
 rior of the bay, there is little more than 
 800 fathoms. Thus a battery on fhore, 
 and another on the rock, the Rebels would 
 by their crofs fire, completely defend the 
 entrance againft even the fmallefl: vefl^els ; 
 and a battery on the other fide of the 
 Rebels would effedltially prevent any vef- 
 fel from entering between it and the 
 breakers. See Old Cape Francois. 
 
 Samba Bay, or Zamba, on tlie N COaft of 
 the Spanifli Main, is W of St. Martha's 
 river. 
 
 Samballas, a rocky point remarkably 
 long and low, on the N fide of the Ifth- 
 mus of Darien, which is fo guarded with 
 rocks and ilioals, that it is very dangerous 
 coming near it. N lat. 9 40, W Ion. 78 
 
 43- 
 
 Samballast a multitude of fniall ifiands, 
 fcattered 
 
S AH 
 
 ^Afr 
 
 .jTcattered at very unequal dlftauces from 
 the flioie, and from each other, extending 
 a confiderable diftance along the northern 
 fliore of the Illhmus of Darien, and with 
 the adjacent country, its hills and forefts 
 of perpetual verdure, form a charniing 
 profpedt from the fea. There are navi- 
 gable channels between mod of the iH- 
 ands, through which fliips may pafs, and 
 range the coaft of the ifthmus ; the fea 
 ■between them and the fliore being navi- 
 gable from one end to the other, and af- 
 fords every where good anchorage in firm 
 fandy ground, with good landing either on 
 the iilands or the main. Moft of thcl'e 
 iflandsare low, flat, and Tandy, covered 
 with a variety of trees, and abound v.'ith 
 flaell fifli of feveral kinds. Some of them 
 afford fprings of frefli water, and conven- 
 ient careening places. The long channel 
 between the Samballas iilands and the 
 ifthmus is from 2 to 4 miles in breadth, 
 extending from Point Samballas to the 
 gulf of Darien and the coaft of the ifth- 
 mus, full of fandy bays, with many ftreams 
 of water. 
 
 Samhorough^ Cape and Ifuind^ on th« S. 
 ■coaft of Nova Scotia, and W of Chebucflo 
 Bay and harbour, on which is a light 
 houfe for the diredlion of fliips, in iat. 44 
 30 N, and Ion. 63 32 W. High water, at 
 full and change, at 8 o'clock. 
 
 Samganoociha, or Sam'ia>toodhay.z'\i^v\>0\lT 
 on the NE fide of Oonalaflika Ifland, on 
 •the N. W. coaft of N. America, jo miles E 
 of Egoofliak bay. Ships can lie here 
 Jandlocked from all winds in 7, 6, and 4 
 fathoms water. It abounds with hallibut, 
 falmon, &c. N Iat. st, 55, ■\V" Ion. 166 
 
 30 15- 
 
 Samilitam, a river on the W coaft of N. 
 Mexico, 12 miles from Point Artcla on 
 one fide, and 6 farther to Copalita river. 
 At its moutli is an Indian town, where 
 a.fliip's company may find provifions 
 and frefli water. 
 
 ^amptoivn, a village in Midulefex co. 
 N. Jerfey, ^h miles N ¥, of (^libbletown, 
 above, jj SW of Elizabcthtown. 
 
 Sampfofty a CO. of Fayette diftrict, N. 
 Carolina, bounded N by Johnfon go. and 
 S by Bladen. It contains 6719 inhabit- 
 ants, including 1712 Haves. "I'he court 
 houfe, where a poft ofnce is, kept, is ^6 
 miles from Fayetteville, 23 from Crofs 
 Roads near Duplin court houfe, and 387 
 from Wafliington. 
 . Samput^^ 3 town of Mexico. , See An^e-: 
 
 Sxuballet Pointy near the mouth of tlic 
 
 river Darien, and N W of the Ifland oX 
 Pines. It is 12 miles E of Port Scrivan. 
 
 Sanboridoiun, a townfliip of N. Hamp- 
 fhire, StralFord co. on the point of land at 
 the confluence of Winnipifiogee and Pe- 
 migewaffet rivers. It was incorporated 
 in 1770, and contains 2695 inhabitants. 
 In this town is the appearance of an In- 
 dian fortrefs, conllfting of 5 diftiiicl walls, 
 one v/ithin the other. Some pieces of 
 baked earthen ware have been found 
 liere, from Avliich it is fuppofed that the 
 Indians had learned the potter's art. 
 
 Sancoty ■H.eaJyih.c E point of Nantucket 
 .IHand, on the coaft of Mallachufetts. N 
 Iat. 41 15, W Ion. 6958. 
 
 SuftSIos Bdhia, or Suint's Bay, on the 
 coaft of Brazil, where tlie land lies due E 
 and W for 20 leagues. The city of 
 Saints or dos Sanctos is fltuated on an ifl- 
 and called Amiaz, on the W r:.lc of the 
 entrance into the harbour, as alfo the 
 town of §t. Vincent. S Iat. 24, \V ion. 
 
 45 15. 
 
 Sandgate, a mountainous townfliip of 
 Bennington county Vermont, 18 miles N 
 of Bennington. It contains 1020 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Sand Hill Bay, at the S E end of the ifl- 
 and of St. Chnftopher's. 
 
 Sandisjieldy a hilly townfliip in Berk - 
 fliire CO. on the Connc(5ticut line ; 22 
 miles S by E of I.cnox. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1762, and contains 1637 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 ■Sa/ido-:vn,'z townfliip in Rockingham 
 CO. N. Hampfliire, was taken from Kiagf- 
 ton,and incorporated in 1756 ; and con- 
 tains 501 inhabitants. 
 
 Eandnftzy^ a fort in the ftatc of Ohio, on 
 the S fide of the bay of the fame name, at 
 the S W end of lake Erie. 
 
 S.indujhy Lake, or Bay, at the S W fide 
 of lake Erie, is a gulf flia'ped like a fl)oe, 
 and entered fronv the lake by a very Inort 
 and narrow ftrait. Its length is 17 miles, 
 its great eft breadth 7 miles. From the 
 N W part of this lake, there is a portage 
 of only a mile and a quarter to Portage 
 river, a fmali river which runs into Lake 
 Erie. The fort ftands oppofite to the gur. 
 N Iat. 41 51, W Ion. 83 3 30. 
 
 Sandujhy River., a navigable water of the 
 ftate ot Ohio Which riles near a branch 
 of the Great Miami, between which \i a 
 portage of 9 miles. It purfues aN E 
 courfe, and empties into the S W corner 
 of Sanduflcy I^ake. 'J'he Indians, by the 
 treaty of Greenville, Auguft 3;- 1795, have 
 ceded to the United States a trac'c of land' 
 
 6 miles 
 
SA-N 
 
 SAN 
 
 6 miles fqitare upon Saiiclulky Luke, 
 where a fort formerly ftood, and two 
 miles fquareat the Lower Rapids of San- 
 dufky river. Tt is a confiderable river, 
 with level land on its bank, its ftream 
 gentle all the way to its mouth, where it 
 is large enough to receive floops. 
 
 Sandi'Jhy IJland, in lake Erie, U. Canada, 
 lies a little S E of the Bafs illands, and 
 nearer to Sandufkv Bay. 
 
 h 'Toivrjhip, is the upper part 
 
 cyanaivic, 
 
 of Detroit river, and comprehends the 
 old French fcttlements. It has a thriv- 
 ing town of.the fame name, a little below 
 the fort of Detroit, en the E fide of the 
 river, where a gaol, and court houfe have 
 been erc(9:ed. Smyth. 
 
 SdndiiHch, a townfliip in the iiorthcrn 
 part of Strafford co. N. Hampfliire, N of 
 Winnipifiogee I>ake. It was incorporated 
 in I 763, and contains 1413 inhabitants. 
 
 S^ndiviib^ Mafl'achufetts, a poft town at 
 the bottom of Cape Cod, in Barnftablc 
 CO. It extends the whole breadth of the 
 cape, and is 18 miles S E of Plymot-th, 
 and about 60 miles S of Boflon. I'here 
 is a little decent group of houfes, on the 
 E fide of the cape, and a pretty ftream of 
 water running through it. Incorporated 
 1639 ; inhabitants 2024. It is near the 
 place where the propofed canal is to com- 
 mence from Barnftahle to Buzzard's bay. 
 'i"he Indian town KUteaumiit^ or Katamd^ 
 was fituated on Buzzard's bay j and Man- 
 namH was the name of a place near the 
 bottom of Buzzard's bay. There is a 
 place on the fame bay, on Sandwich fide, 
 called Pokefst, ufually called by the Indians 
 Fou'^okecJJc. It is the fecond parifli in 
 Sandwich. There is an Indian territo- 
 ry, called Herring Pond, in the neighbour- 
 ])<)od of Sandwich, about 5 miles N W 
 from this village, and fo extending from 
 thence along fliore to Monument Ponds, 
 all included within the townfhip of Ply- 
 mouth. It contains, about 120 fouls, one 
 half of whom are mixed. The Indian 
 name of this territory is not known. 
 They appear to have been confidcred as 
 a diftinA tribe, now known by the name 
 of the Herring Pond Indians. 
 
 Sjndivich Iflands, a group of i Hands in 
 theS. Seijdifcovercd by Capt. Cook, who 
 gave them the above name in honor of 
 the Earl of Sandwich, under whofe ad- 
 miniftration they were firfl vifittd. They 
 confift of '11 illands, extending in lat. 
 from 18 54 to aa 15 N, and in Ion. from 
 I c o 5 4 to 1 40 a6 W. They are ca:ned by 
 il e natives' Owhyliec, Mowee, Ranai, 
 
 Morotinnee, Tahowrowa, Morotoi, Wao- 
 hon, Atooi, Nceheehow, Oreehoua, and 
 Tahoora ; all inhabited, except Morotin • 
 nee and Tahoora. Befidc t'lefe, the na- 
 tives fpeak of another, lying to the W S 
 W of Tahoora ; which is low and fandy, 
 and vifited only for the purpofe of catch- 
 ing turtle and feafowls. As they do not 
 know of any others, it is probable that 
 none exift in their neighbourhood. An 
 account of each inhabited ifiand will be 
 found in its proper place. The climate 
 differs very lit tit- from that of the Weft 
 India iflands in the fame latitude. Upon 
 thf whole, perhaps, it may be more tem- 
 perate ; noi' are there any traces of thofe 
 violent winds and hurricanes which ren- 
 der the flormy months in the VVefi: Indies 
 fo dreadful. There is alfo more rain at 
 the Sand v»rich liles, where the mountain- 
 ous parts being generally enveloped in a 
 cloud, fuecellive fliowers fall in the in- 
 land parts, with fine weather, and a clear 
 fky, at the fea fliore. Hence it is, that 
 few of thofe inconveniences to which 
 many tropical coimtries are fubjedV, 
 either from heat or moifture, are experi- 
 enced here. The winds, in the winter 
 months, are generally from E S E to N E. 
 The tides are very regular, ebbing and 
 flowing 6 hours each. The flood comes 
 from the eaftward ; and it is high water 
 at the full and change of the moon, 45 
 minutes paft 3. Their greatcfl: rife is % 
 feet 7 inches, and the water is always 4 
 inches higher when the moon is above 
 the horizon, than when flie is below it. 
 The vegetable productions are nearly the 
 fame as ac the other iflands in this ocean. 
 The taro root is of a fuperior quality. 
 The bread fruit trees thrive not in fuch 
 abundance as in the rich plnins of Ota- 
 heite, but produce double the quantity 
 of fruit. The fugar canes are of a very 
 unufual fize, fome of them meafuring 11 
 inches and a quarter in circumference, 
 and having 14 feet eatable. There is alfo 
 a root of a brown colour, fliaped like a. 
 yam, and from 6 to 10 pounds in weight, 
 the juice of which is very fweet, of a 
 plcafant tafte, and an excellent fubftitute 
 for fugan The inhabitants are undoubt- 
 edly of thie fame race that pofleffcs the 
 i'ilands'S of the equator; and in their 
 perfonS, language, cufloms and manners, 
 approach nearer to the New Zealanders 
 than to their lefs diftant neighbours, 
 either to the Society or Friendly Ifiand;-. 
 They are in general above the middle 
 fize, and well made. They walk very 
 gracefully, 
 
SAN 
 
 SAN 
 
 gracefully, run nimbly, and are capr\l)le 
 of bearing very great fatigue ; although, 
 \ipon the whole, the men ^re fomevvhat 
 inferior, in point of ftrength and acflivlty, 
 to the Friendly iHandcrs, and the women 
 kls delicately formed than thole of Ota- 
 heite. Their complexion is rather dark- 
 er than that of the Otaheitans, and they 
 are not altogether fo handfome a people. 
 However, many of both fexes have fine | 
 open countenances ; the women in par- 
 ticular have goodeyes and teeth, with a 
 fweetnefs and fen Ability of look, that 
 render them very engaging. Their hair 
 is ofabrownifii black ; neither uniform- 
 ly ftraight, like that of the American In- 
 dians ; nor uniformly curling, as among 
 the negroes of Atrica. There is one pe- 
 culiar charadleriltic of this great nation, 
 and which is alfo prevalent in'lhe Friend- 
 ly Iflanders, that even in the handibmeft 
 faces there is a fullnefs of the noftril, with- 
 out any flatnefs or fprcading of the nofe. 
 This may probably be the elFe<ft of their 
 iii'ual mode of ialutation, which is by 
 preffing the ends of their nofes together. 
 The fame fuperiority that is obferved a- 
 mong the higher ranks, through all the 
 other idands, is found here. The chiefs 
 are, almofl: without excepti( n, perfetflly 
 well formed ; whereas the lower fort, be- 
 fide their genera! inferiority, are fubjetSt 
 to all the variety of make and figure that 
 is feen in the populace of other countries. 
 Tattooing the body is much pracStifed 
 here. The natives rife with the Sun, and, 
 after enjoying the cool of the evening, 
 retire to reft a few hours after funfet. 
 Their inftrumcnts of war are fpears, dag- 
 gers, clubs and flings. The dagger is a 
 weapon peculiar to themfelves. It is 
 from I to a feet long, made of heavy 
 black wood refembling ebony, fliarpened 
 at one or both ends and fecured to the 
 hand by a firing. Its ufe is to flab in 
 clofe fight, and it is well adapted to the 
 purpofc. They have alfo the knife or 
 fawjwith which the New Zealanders cut 
 up their (laiightered enemies. For de- 
 fenfive armour they wear ftrong mats, 
 which aie not eafily penetrated with fuch 
 weapons as their's. 
 
 Sundtvlc/j, or Haivles River, Is 1 miles 
 within ChebucSlo Harbour, Noya Sco- 
 tia. 
 
 Sandiuichy a fmall Hver at the bottom 
 of Barnftable Bay, Maflachufetts. 
 
 Sandy Bay, Little^ on lake Ontario, be- 
 tween Sophiafburgii and Maryfburgh, U. 
 Canada, is fupplicd by the E. lake lying 
 
 alfo between thefe townfliips, in the ccun- 
 ty of Prince Edward. 
 • Sarf^y Bay, on lake Ontario, IT. Canada, 
 in the townfliip of Amelialburgh, lies im- 
 mediately E of, and clofe to the Hie de 
 Quinte. 
 
 Sandy Buy, at the E end of the iflan4 
 of Jamaica ; S of Mulatto river, and 6 
 i;iiles N of Mauchaneel Harbour. 
 
 ' Sandy Bay, Tit the N W extremity of 
 the fame illand, W of Stoddard Bay, and 
 E of Green Ifiand. Little Sandy B,!y, on. 
 tiie S E part of the ifland is about a league 
 W of Point Morant. Sam/y 6W>- He oiT 
 the entrance of Port Royal Vf/jf^Vir, 
 
 Sandy Cow, to the N \V >Quhd the 
 point of Cape Ann, Maffachufetts, and 
 lies between two head lands. N lat. 42 
 45, W ion. 70 30. 
 
 S^ndy Harbour, on the E fide of the ifl- 
 and of St. Lucia, near the S E |x)int of 
 the ifland, where afmail river empties in- 
 to the ocean. 
 
 Sandy ll'dl, a fniall village in N. York, 
 in the townfliip of Kingfbury, twrt 
 miles N of Fort Edward, on a high hill 
 at the bend of, and overlooking Hudfon's 
 river from the E. Heie is a poll otilce, 
 454 miles from Walliington. 
 
 Sandy Hook, or Point,\(i the tOWnfllipof 
 Middleton, N. Jerfey, fornis a capacious 
 harbour, thence and from the inlet pafles 
 to K. York, about 25 miles didant. F'rom 
 Montauk Point, on Long Ifland, to the 
 Hook, is S W by W I W 14 leagues, and 
 then W by S 2a leagues. The pilots are 
 obliged to keep a ^ood and fufhcient 
 whaleboat ready at the Hook. High 
 water, at full and change, 37 minutes af- 
 ter 6 o'clock. The light houfe, on the N 
 point of the Hook, lies in lat. 40 30 N, 
 and Ion. 74 % W. At the firfl difcovery 
 of America, few or no cod fifh were to be 
 found S of the banks of Newfoundland, 
 and Sable Iflandi About 30 years ago 
 they were difcgvered off Sandy Hook, 
 and they have eyer fince become more 
 plenty on the filliing grounds off the 
 Neverfink, in 6, 7, and 8 fathoms water. 
 
 Sandy Ifland, a fmall ifland ofF the W 
 coafl pf the ifland of xlnligua, about two 
 miles from the fliore. 
 
 Sandy Point, the S eaftern extremity of 
 Barnftable co. Maflachufetts ; called Point 
 Care, by Gofnold. The courfe to Nan- 
 tucket light houfe, is S S W 3 leagues. N 
 lat. 41 24, W Ion. (i() 2,S- 
 
 Sandy Point, in the ifland of Tobago. N 
 lat. II 6, Wlon. 60 37. 
 
 Sandy Point, the mofi: weflerly point of 
 
 the 
 
SAN 
 
 SAN 
 
 tlic iHaiuI of St. Chriftopher's ; called alfo 
 
 Bdtates Point. 
 
 Sandy Point, near the S E part of the 
 ifland of St. Lucia, and foi:nTis the fouthern 
 limit of Sandy Harbour. 
 
 Sur.dy Point , near the S E point of the 
 ifjaod of Antigua, on the larboard fide of 
 ihe opening into Willoughby I3ay. 
 
 S.iwh PViiit^ the N E point of Nantuck- 
 et Iflaiid, on the coa(l: of MafTachufctts. 
 N lat. 41 23, W Ion. 70. 
 
 Sandy Pointy a town of ■the if}and of St. 
 Chriftopher's, on the S W jQde of the ill- 
 and, in St Anne's pariih, and in Fig tree 
 Bay. It '^ a port of entry, and is defend- 
 ed by Charles Fort, and JJriraftone Hill, 
 l>oth near the town. 
 
 Sandy River. See Big Sandy River. 
 
 Sandy River, Maine, rifes in Cumber- 
 land CO. confifts of many fmall branches ; 
 runs a N E courft, and empties into Ken- 
 nebeck river, at the N W corner of the 
 townfliip of Starks. 
 
 Sandy River Old To-zvn. Se.e TiicomK 
 
 SandyJlon,2. townfliip of N. Jerfey, Suf- 
 fex CO. on Delaware river, at the foot of 
 the Blue Mountains, about 11 miles above 
 Walpack, and about as far N VV of New- 
 ton. It contains 519 inhabitants. 
 
 Sanford, a poft town in York co. Maine, 
 l>ounded SE by Wells and SWby Berwick 
 and Lebanon in the fame county. Mouf- 
 om River pafles tlirougli Sandford and 
 Great Works, which is 3 north eafterly 
 branch of Pifcataqua, has its fource here 
 and pafTes into Berwick. It has 1363 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Sanfordy a townflrip of N. York, Dutch- 
 es CO. has 2344 inhabitants. 
 
 Sangallan^ or GcdlaK Cape, called Cangal- 
 lan by the Britifli feamen ; is on the coaft 
 ofPeru,NNW of the illand of Labos, 
 and 3 miles N W of Carette Ifland. On 
 the S fide of the cape is a very good har- 
 bour, much frequented by the coafting 
 iliips from Panama and Lima. Off this 
 cape it is very bluflering and ftormy. 
 
 Sangas, or St. T>i'J£s Creel, a fmail 
 ftream in U. Canada, emptying itfelf into 
 Uke Erie, eaft of Sangas point ; it affords 
 H harbour for boats, having about 3 feet 
 of water on its bar. Smyth. 
 
 Sangas Point, or 5/. DufFt point ^OW the N 
 fliore of lake Erie, E of the river Wave- 
 ney ; U, Canada ; is the moft projedt- 
 ing point between the mouth of the Oufe, 
 and the north Foreland. • Snyih. 
 
 'Smgerf.cld, a poft town of N. York, Che- 
 mngo CO. which contains 11 44 inhabitants. 
 
 Sa/iguay^ a famous mountain in the eaH- 
 
 ern chain of the Andes, in the jurifdi<Slioij 
 of Macas, province of Quito. It is of a 
 prodigious height, and the greatcft part of 
 the whole furface covered Avith fnow. 
 From its fummit iffues a continual fire, 
 and the explofions are fomelimes heard 
 at Quito, though 135 miles diflant. The 
 country adjacent to this volcano, is totally 
 barren, occalloned by the enormous quan- 
 tity of liones and cinders ejedled from th'^ 
 mountain. 
 
 San yuan de las Lanos, a. town of S. Amer^ 
 ica, at the foot of the niountaine cf Pop- 
 ayan, which h watered by a head branch 
 of Oronoko river. 
 
 Sanpiiil: Creel. See Trenion, N. Jerfey. 
 
 San Aliguel de Ibarra, a jurifdlc^ion of 
 Peru, province of Quito, containing 8 
 pariflies. Aloft of the farms have planta- 
 tions of fugar canes and cotton. The 
 farms fituated in a warmer part of the 
 jurifdi<rtion are fown with maize, v. heat 
 and barley. Here are alfo great num- 
 bers of goats, hxxt not many flieep. The 
 hidlans here weave a coiiliderable quanti- 
 ty of cloth and cotton. The mines of 
 fait here have fome mixture of nitre, 
 which renders it not fo proper for faking 
 meat ; and accordingly that made at Guy^ 
 aquil is preferred, though dearer. Near 
 the village of Mira, are great numbers of 
 wild afFes, which increale very faft, and 
 are not cafily caught. They have all the 
 fwiftnefs of horfes, and afcend and de- 
 fcend hills and mountains with eafe. But 
 the moft remarkable circumftance related 
 of thefe animals is, that as foon as they 
 have carried the firft load, their celerity 
 and dangerous ferocity leave them, and 
 they foon contracSb tlie ftupid look and 
 duUnefs pecuUar to all the afUnine fpe- 
 cies. 
 
 San JVligiiel de Ibarra, the capital of the 
 above jurifdicllon. It ftands on a large 
 plain between two rivers. The parifli 
 church is a large and elegant ftruclnre, 
 and well ornamented. It contains 3 
 convents, a college, a nunnery, and about 
 i2,OGO fouls. N lat. o 25, W Ion. 76 20. 
 
 Sanf'jnate Port, or Sanfonetie, OXi tlie.W; 
 fide of N. Mexieo, 21 miles from the riv- 
 er Maticaloe. Point. Remedios is th^ 
 fouthern opening of the port. 
 
 Santa, a rapid river, flowing, through a 
 valley of the fame name in Peru, about 
 230 miles N of Lira-a. Itis near a quar- 
 ter of a league broad at the place where it. 
 is ufually forded, which is near the town 
 of the fame name, forming 5 piincipal 
 ftreani", which run during the T>rho)e year 
 
 with 
 
SAN 
 
 SAN 
 
 with gfeat rapidity. The Velocity of the 
 current, even when tl\e waters are low, 
 lias been found to be a league and an half 
 in an hour. 
 
 Santa, a town of Peru, on the banks of 
 the river of the fame name on the road 
 from Paita to Lima, and about ^30 miles 
 N of that city. It is inhabited by Indians, 
 mulattoes, and meflizoes, S lat. 857 2>^-, 
 W lon.79 30. It was originally built on the 
 fea coail, from which it is now \ a league 
 diftant, and was large and populous, but 
 being pillaged by the Engliili in 1685, it 
 was abandoned. 
 
 Santa Barbary, on the S fide 6f the'E 
 «ndof the ifland of Curacoa, is the beft 
 harbour in the ifland, where the Dutch 
 have a town and fort. 
 
 Santa Clara, an ifland iu the bay of Guy- 
 aquiljOn the N part of the coafl of Peru. 
 From this ifland to Punto Arena, the 
 wefternmon; point of Puna Ifland, is' *r 
 leagues E N E. S lat. 3 30, W Ion. 
 80 z'^^ ^ 
 
 Santa Cruz, a Danifh Ifland in the W. 
 Indies. See Crolx^ St. \ 
 
 Santa Crtiz, a confiderable town In the 
 ifland of Cuba, having a good harbour Jit 
 the bottom of the bay of Matauzas, 63 
 miles E of the Hava^hah.' N'lat: 23 11, 
 W Ion. 815. '• 
 
 Santa Cruz^ ov St. Croix, a .large iflaud 
 lying in the Pacific Ocean, 1850 leagues 
 W of Lima, in S lat. 10 15, '!? E of t'^e 
 ifland of Arfacides, difcover^d by Men- 
 dana in 1595, and fince by Cartetet in 
 1767, and by him called H'&mont JJland. 
 It is reckoned to be 9001- "iooleagues ia 
 circumference. Great and unprovoked 
 cruelties were committed upon thefe 
 friendly and hofpitable Iflan5ers by. Men- 
 dana's nien, for which Mendana caufed 
 two of his, principal oflficets to be behead- 
 ed, and another to be hartged. The na- 
 tives of this ifland are as black as the 
 negroes of Africa, their hair wOoIly, and 
 flained with different colours. Their fa- 
 ces and' bodies are tattooed. Their only 
 covering is a leaf of a certain tree, their 
 ornaments, arms, and boats, are not un- 
 like thofe of fhe inhabitants of 'Tterra 
 Aujiral. The country is fertile and very 
 populous, abounding in eatable roots, 6 of 
 7 fpecies of bananas, plenty of cocoa trees, 
 almonds, nuts, chefnuts, a fort of apple, 
 fugar canes, ginger, breadfruit, &c. Hogs, 
 geefe, fowls, partridges, ring and turtle 
 doves, herons, .fwallows, and a. great va- 
 riety of other birds ; and on the coafl: a 
 great plenty and variety of iifli. There 
 
 are here no noxious infers, wliich are* 
 common in other iflands of the torritf 
 zone. In a word, the Iflandof Santa Cruz, 
 and others of the fame group, offer the 
 mofl valuable refources to navigators w\\& 
 traverfe the Great Pacific Ocean, S of 
 the line. 
 
 Santa Cruz, cfe la Sierra, a large jufifdic- 
 tion in the kingdom of Peru, but thinly 
 inhabited by Spaniards. The millions of 
 Paraguay are in this jurlfdicfiion. 
 
 Santa Cruz "de la Sierra, the capital of thiT 
 above jurifdisSlion, fi/tui^ted at the foot of 
 a mountain; on the banks of the fniall 
 river Guapay, about 56 miles N E of I>a 
 Plata, and near the borders of Paraguay. 
 It i> thinly inhjibited; the houfes are of 
 ftene, thatched with palm leaves. The 
 valley, in which the city flands, produce? 
 all kinds of grain and fruits, and the woods 
 and uncultivated mountains afford great 
 quantities of honey and wax. S lat. 19 
 25, W Ion. 62 30. ' 
 
 Santa Pe, a town of New Mexico, in N. 
 America on the Ri« Bravo. N lat. 35 32, 
 Wlon. 106 15. 
 
 Santa Fe liay^ on the N CO a ft of S. 
 America, W of Comana Gulf. ' 
 
 Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital of the 
 province of New Granrfda, in S. America, 
 is the iVe of' an archbifliop, and the Teat 
 ofan univerfity. Near to the city is the 
 lake Guatavita, upon the banks of which 
 the favages ^ formerly facrificed to theii"' 
 idols; to whom they offered much gokh^ 
 and other tjiings of great value. ' N lat. 3 
 58, Wlon. 73 5. 
 
 Sa>itaIJland,Ot Hdy Ijland^OXS. tlie COaflS 
 of Peru, is' oppoiite to the port of Ferol 
 It is 3 miles from' the port and city of 
 Santa, and as far from Ferol, which is eaft- 
 ward of it. 
 
 Santa Maria, a rivet of the tfthmus of 
 Darien, navigable 8 or 9 leagues, and f<> 
 far the tide flows ; but above that its two 
 branches will only admit canoes. „ It emp- 
 ties into the Gulf of St. Michael m the 
 Pacific Ocean. The town of its name is 
 about 6 leagues from its mouth ; and is 
 confiderable on account of the gold mines 
 in its neighboulhcod, which are worked 
 to great advantage, but the country about 
 it is low, woody, and very unhealthy. N 
 lat. 7 30, Wlon. 8a ao. 
 
 Santa, Port, on. the coaft of Peru, Is N E 
 of Santa Ifland, in the mouth of a river of 
 the fame name. 
 
 Sa7itj Martha, a province of Terra Fir" 
 ma, S. America, bounded E by Rio ile la. 
 Hacha, and W by Carthagena. 
 
 Santz 
 
SAN 
 
 SAP 
 
 Santa Murio^iilic capital of the above 
 province, and the fee of a bifliop, was 
 formerly very populous, but is now much 
 decayed, occafioned by the Spanilli fleets 
 jiot touching there, ai formerlv. I'hcre 
 are large fait ponds 4 miles from the town, 
 from which good fait is extratSlcd and fent 
 to the, neighbouring provinces. It ftaiids 
 near the fea, at the foot of a prodigious 
 mountain, whofe fummit is generally hid 
 in the clouds ; but in clear weather, when 
 the top appears, it is covered with fnow. 
 In fome places in the vicinity are gold 
 mines, and in others precious ilones of 
 great value. 
 
 Sanic'd, a navigable river of S. Carolina, 
 the largeft and longefl in that State. It 
 empties into the ocean by 7, mouths, a 
 little S of Georgetown, about 120 miles in 
 adired-linc from its mouth, it branches 
 into the Congaiec and Watcrcc ; the lat- 
 ter, or northern branch, pailcs tlie Cata- 
 baw nation of Indians, and bears the name 
 of Catabaw river, from this fetilement to 
 its fources. 
 
 Suiito Efp'rltu, a captainfliip of Brazil, 
 !)oundedN by the captaiaflip of Seguro, 
 and S by that of Rio Janeiro, from which 
 laftthe river Paraybo feparates it, and 
 after a long courfe from W to E, empties 
 into the ocean, in lat. 21 30 S. This 
 government is the moft fertile, and bed 
 furnilhed with all forts of proviiions of 
 any in Brazil ; having alfo an incredible 
 quantity of fiHi and game. Its low lands 
 being interfected by a great number of 
 rivers, are very fruitful ; and the high 
 grounds are covered with forefts of large 
 trees. Here are three rivers in Brazil, 
 called Parayba, or Paraiba, viz. one 
 which gives its name to a captainfliip al- 
 ready defcribed ; the fecond is that 
 abovementioned, and the third empties 
 into the ocean between Cape St. Vincent, 
 and Rio de la Plata. 
 
 Sanio Efperitu^ the capital of the above 
 captainfliip, and indeed the only town in 
 it, is lltuated on the S fide of a large bay 
 on the eaftern coafl: of Brazil, about 9 
 miles from tJie fea. It has a caflle in ruins, 
 but no fortifications, and contains about 
 900 inhabitants. Here are two monaf- 
 terics and a college. The port is a 
 fmall bay, opening to the E, interfered 
 with many fmall iflands. On the top 
 of a mountain, at fome diftance from the 
 town, is a large white tower, called, by 
 the Portuguefe, Noflra Senhora de Pena, 
 and near it a fmall church, furrounded 
 with a wall. At the foot of the moun- 
 
 tain^ ^are (till to be feen the melancholy 
 remains of a place once called Villa Vcja, 
 or the Old City. S lat. 20 36, W Ion. 39 56. 
 
 Santos, a town in the captainfliip of St. 
 Vincent, in Brazil, feated on a river 9 
 miles from the fea, which is there a mile 
 broad, and five fatlioms deep. It is 
 defended by a rampart on the fide next 
 the river. It is alfo guarded by two caf- 
 tles, one on the S fide, and the other in 
 the middle of the town, Vt-hich contain* 
 250 inhabitants. It has a parifli church, 
 a nionaflery, and a college. S lat. 24 26, 
 W Ion. /j2 30. 
 
 Saonui or Saone, a fmall ifland near the 
 S E part of the i(land of St. Doniingo. It is 
 about 8 leagues from E to W, and 2 from 
 N to S. Its circumference is nearly 25 
 leagues. It lies E of St. Catherine 111- 
 and ; and at each of its titrer.iitics, E 
 and Vv'" is a mountain, and there is a third 
 at a point about the middle of the fouth- 
 ern iide. lliefe mountains at once fliel- 
 tcr and water it, and temper the air. 
 Tlie Indians called this ifland Adamanoy^ 
 and had a particular cacique, who was 
 fovereign of the illand, independent of 
 thofe of St. Domingo. His lubjetSts de- 
 voted theriifelves to commerce with the 
 Spaniards, to agriculture, to cultivation of 
 grain and fruits. Thty furniflied enough 
 for the confumption of the city of St. Do- 
 mingo, and for provifioning feveral expe- 
 ditions, going from that port. Some 
 Caftilians having caufcd the cacique to 
 be eaten by a dog, this ai2: of cruelty be- 
 came the caufe of a quarrtl, and the Span- 
 iards having exterminated the unfortu- 
 nate inhabitants, formed fettlements on 
 their little ifland. It is furrounded with 
 banks and breakers, except at the weflern 
 part ; but there is a pallage for fmall 
 barks, between its N fide, and the main of 
 the ifland of St. Domingo. The ifland 
 and its port are a flielter for the mariners 
 failing in this part who here find water, 
 wood, and wild cattle, all which are in 
 abundance. It is impoffible to have an 
 idea of the vall quantities of birds, and 
 particularly of wood pigeons, that are 
 feen here. The eaftern point of the 
 ifland lies in lat. 18 9 N, and Ion. 71 11 
 W of Paris. 
 
 Sapa St. Michael de^ a village in the val- 
 ley of Arica, in the province of Charcos, 
 in Peru. It is a fmall place, but famous 
 for the quantity of Guinea pepper pro- 
 duced in its vicinity. It will not thrive 
 in mountainous parts, but is cultivated in 
 the vallies. The inhabitants of this vil- 
 lage 
 
SAR 
 
 S AS 
 
 Inge fell annually no Icfs than 80,^06 
 cruwns worth ofit. Slat. 17 30, W Ion. 78 10. 
 Sapdo^-A. village of Geoigia, Liberty co. 
 oppolite to the found and illand of that 
 name, 6 miles S of Sunhruy. 
 
 Supouies, Indians wlio inhabit on a N 
 branch of Sufquehannah river. Warriors 
 30. Sec Miu^liys. 
 
 F>aramdcha^ a river in Surrinam. 
 .Saranac, a river of N. York, which rifes 
 fromfeveial large lakes among the moun- 
 tains W of l^ake Champlain, and after a 
 N E courfc of 70 miles, enters the Lake 
 at Plattlburgh It has fevcral rapids 
 foi.nd which ire carryingpaths; it abounds 
 with various fpecies of iia. 
 
 Saratoga, a oounty of the State of N. 
 York, bounced E and^N by Hudlbn riv- 
 er, wltich feparates it from Renuelaer and 
 WalTiingtou counties, and fc' by Mohawk 
 river. It has been cftablilhcd fince 1790, 
 and is divided into 8 townfliips, viz. 
 Greenfield, Ballflown, Charlton, Half 
 Moon Milton, Saratoga, Galway, andStill- 
 water, [See St'dhvatcr^ and contains 6889 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Sural'jgu, or Saravhtoga, a toWnfliip in 
 the above co. on the W fide of Hudlbn R. 
 36 miles N of Albany. It contains 2411 
 uihabitants. It will ever be renowned in 
 hiliory, as the place \vherc the Britilli 
 General Burgoyne, furrendered his whole 
 army to General Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777, 
 an event whi> h greatly contributed to a 
 favourable iflue of the war. This town is 
 alfo famous for its m.edicinal waters, called 
 the Saratcra Springs. They are 10 miles 
 from Ballrtov^n, in a fliallow vale or marfli, 
 in feveral refpcCls rcfembiing that of 
 Ballflown. Thefe waters appear to have 
 received flronger impregnation of the fame 
 kind of ingredients that enter thofe of 
 Ballflown, and may be a flrcam of the 
 fame fountain running through :he fame 
 kind of calcareous earth. One of thefe 
 fprings is covered over by a natural cre- 
 tacious, or rather calcareous pyramid, 
 about five or fix feet high. This hollow 
 pyramid, or core, has a hole in the lop 
 about fix inches over. If we look into 
 this hole we fee t'lc mineral water boil- 
 ing vehemently like a por ove:- the fire ; 
 the water is neverthekfs intenfely cold, 
 and is faid to be, in evtry refpecl, fmart- 
 er than that at Ballflown. The calcaro- j 
 ous matter extends for feveral rods from | 
 the bafis of this pyramid. Dr. Seaman of | 
 N. York, examined thefe waters in 1795. ! 
 His experiments fhew that each quart { 
 contains about ao cubic inchc^ of creta- 
 Vol. I. Z z z '■ 
 
 : clous acid; 5 1 grains mineral alkali j 
 ' 34 6 common marine fait ; 38 derated 
 
 lime ; i 7 aerated iron ; and a fulphureous 
 I impregnation. He believes the v/ater 
 ' ufeful in (lone and gravelly complaints, 
 I chronic rhcumatifmsjdifpepiia, and fome 
 
 other long (landing complaints of debility, 
 ; and likewife in old phagedenic ulcers and 
 ' fcorbutic affections alio dyfentery, all 
 i cutaneous eruptions, and probably may 
 : be ufcfui in fcrophula. He doubts their 
 
 being uieful in hypc.chondriafis and other 
 '• nervous afFedtions, alfo. in confumption=;, 
 ! as fixed air, which is the predominant 
 j agent in the operation of thefe waters, 
 j has been found pre;udicial in phthifical 
 \ complaints. The foregoing esperinicnt* 
 
 were made before the Cungrefs Springs 
 . v/cre difcovered. Probably thefe fpringj 
 j contain fome new ingredients, as they are 
 
 found reflorative in cafes of aflhm.a and 
 ; phtliihc. Some chryflals have been 
 
 found at this place, fpecimens of which 
 
 have been depoUted in the Mufcura of 
 
 Yale College. 
 
 Sarc/o,a cape on the coafl cfN. Spain, 
 
 ^nd in the N. Sea. 
 
 SareSIo, the chief town of Duplin co. 
 
 N.Carolina, on the iSf E branch of Cape 
 
 Fear river, which afTords v.^ater for rafts 
 
 to the town. It contains a court houfe, 
 
 gaol, and about 20 houfc's. It is 130 miles 
 j above Wilmington, N. 
 
 Sarena, on the coaft of Chili, in S. Amer- 
 
 I ica, S lat. 29 40, W Ion. 71 rj. 
 
 j Sarin/jaym, a river on the S E' coafl of 
 
 j Brazil ; and oppofite the ifland of Alexo, 
 
 : which is W of Cape St. Augufline. 
 
 I Siirmiento, IJlands-, Pedro de, in the SoutK 
 
 I Pacific Ocean, are thought to be the fame 
 
 ; as the Duh of York's Jftands ^ northward of 
 
 Ij the W end of the (traits of Magellan. 
 
 j They lie in about lat. 50 S, and are about 
 
 ; 80 in number. 
 
 I Sarrnillc, Of S.'rrar.slla, flioals ofFthe ifl- 
 
 i and of Jamaica, 25 leagues W of Pedro 
 
 j Shoals, and 37 W of Portland Point, 
 
 I The middle of them He iii lat. 16 10 N, 
 
 i and Ion. 80 a5 V/. 
 
 j Sartinc Jjles-, a name givento feveral cluf- 
 
 j ters of illes on the N. W. coaft of N. Amcr- 
 
 I ica, S of Cape Hcitor, They produce 
 
 j neither tree nor ilirub. 
 
 Si}Jk,itchiivh!e, a rlver of N. America 
 Avhich rifcs above lat 54 N, Ion. 1 14^ W, 
 paifing through Mud lake and Ced.irlake, 
 is navigable nearly to its fourcc, and emp- 
 ties its waters mto Winipie lake. A few 
 miles from th? lake it has rapids for three 
 milcij where ic is about a mils v/ide. The 
 
 S bank 
 
S AU 
 
 S A V 
 
 3 bank is of rock more than 50 feet high. 
 At the foot of the falls is an excellent 
 fttirgeon fiiliery. On this river the Eng- 
 lifli have 5 factories for trading with the 
 natives. Among thefe are the Nepawi, 
 Knilleneaux, Stone Indians, Afliniboins, 
 and fome others. See Winipeg lake. 
 
 Sajfufras.di fmall navigable river of Ma- 
 ryland, w^hich rifes in Delaware State, 
 und runs we ft ward into Chefapeak Bay. 
 It feparates Kent co. from that of Cecil, 
 and has the towns of Frederickftown, 
 Georgetown, and SaiTafras on its banks. 
 Satiila^ Great and Little^ two rivers of 
 Georgia, which fall into the ocean, in 
 Camden co. between the Alatamaha and 
 St. M;iry's rivers. 
 
 Saiu-on, Upper and Lozvcr, townfliips in 
 Northampton co. Pennfylvania. 
 
 Saiihies, or Stiikles, an Indian tribe refid- 
 ing at Bay Puan, in tlie N, W. Territory,, 
 near the Minomanies. 
 
 Saunders Ijl.vul, in the S. Atlantic ocean, 
 one of the fmall illands which furround 
 the Faulkland Ifles. 
 
 SaunJ/rs IJland, in South Georgia, in the 
 S. Atlantic Ocean. S lat. 57 59, W Ion. 
 26 54- 
 
 Saunders IJland, called by the natives 
 Tapoamanao, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is 
 reckoned one of the Society Iflands. When 
 Port Royal Bay at Otaheite is S 70 45 E, 
 diftant 6t miles, this ifland bears S S W, 
 Slat. 17 28, W Ion. 151 4. It is about 
 two leagues long. 
 
 Saunderfvllle^ a. town in Waflilngton co. 
 Georgia. 
 
 Saura, Louver Toivn, is on the S fide of 
 Dan river, N: Carolina. It was former- 
 ly the chief town of the Saura Indians. 
 
 Saura, Upper Toivn, an ancient and well 
 peopled town of the Saura Indians in 
 Stakes co. on the S fide of Dan river. 
 
 Saieteitrs le Mornedes, OV Leapers Hill., Z. 
 precip'cenear the river Sautcurs, at the 
 N end of the iiland of Grenada. After 
 the year 1650 die "French gradually exter- 
 mmatcd theCharaibes-; near this place they 
 butchered 40 of them on the fpot ; and 
 40 others, who had efcaped the fword, 
 threw themfelves headlong into the fea 
 from this precipice, and miferably perifli- 
 ed. A beautiful young girl, of iz or 13 
 years of age, who was taken alive, became 
 the object of difpute between two of the 
 French ofHcers, each claiming her as a 
 lawful prize, when a third of thofe white 
 iavages put an end to the conteft, by 
 Ihooting the girl through the head. 
 
 Stiut,Long, oppofitc the third townfliip 
 
 on therlver St. Lawrence, U, Canada, is the 
 gl-eateft rapid on this river. The cur- 
 rent runs with great velocity ; very few 
 accidents, however, have happened in 
 palling this rift, there being no fudden 
 fall in it, except at the foot of the Saut. 
 
 Smyil). 
 
 Saiiags, a fmall river of Maryland, 
 
 which runs fouthward through Allegha- 
 
 nyco. and empties into the Patowm.ac W 
 
 of George's Creek. Its mouth is ai miles 
 
 S W of Fort Cumberland, and 48 S E of 
 
 the mouth of Cheat river. Boats carry- 
 
 1 ing lO tons can reach Alexandria in 4 or 
 
 j 5 days, but will Cake double the time to 
 
 return. 
 
 Swjage Creek, z fmall bay on the N W 
 coafl: of Newfoundland, near the weftern 
 entrance of the bay of 'Mouco, and 20 
 leagues N E of Cape Ferroi. 
 
 Swjage IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is 
 about ;^T, miles in circuit, and is inhabited 
 by favages. It ii^ overrun with bullies, 
 and has no port. S lat. 19 2, W Ion. 
 169 3C. 
 
 Saiiagc IJland, Great, in Hudfon's Straits. 
 N lat. 6z 25, W Ion, 70. High water, at 
 full and change, at 10 o'clock. 
 
 Savage I/land, Lotver, in the fame ftraits, 
 has high water at full and change at 9. 
 o'clock. N lat. 61 48, W Ion. 66 20. 
 
 Savage Point, Upper^ on the N fide of 
 Hudfon's Straits, S E of Cape Charles, 
 and helps to form the ifland of Good 
 Fortune. 
 
 Savage Sound, a pafl'age in the N part 
 of the Welcome Sea, in Hudfon's Bay, in- 
 to Repulfe Bay. It is but little known. 
 Savage's P<Ji, at the Rocklanding, ic 
 miles below the Falls of Oconee river. 
 
 Savannah, ■3. hA.-^ at the E end of thc 
 ifland of Antigua, a little W of Indian 
 Creek. 
 
 Savannah Channel, towards the S E 
 
 point of the S fide of the ifland of Jamai- 
 ca, W of Port Morant Harbour. 
 
 Savannah, a port of entry and poft town 
 of Georgia, and formerly the metropolis 
 of the {lat«, in Chatham co. on the S fide 
 of thc river Savannah, on a high fandy 
 blnff, 17 miles from the ocean. Veficis 
 unload a part of their cargo 4 miles be- 
 low, as there is but 14 feet water in thc 
 river at the town. Tlie town is regular- 
 ly built, in the form of a paralleiogram, . 
 and, including its fuburbs, contained, in 
 1787, about 2,300 inhabitants, of whom 
 about 80 or 90 were Jews. About 300 
 1 houfes were confumed by fire in the fall 
 1 of 1796. I'he exports fur one year, cnd- 
 1 in» 
 
S AV 
 
 SC A 
 
 iiig the 30th September, 1794, amounted 
 to the value of 263,830 dollars. This ci- 
 ty was bravely defended by the Britiflt 
 general Prevoft, againft a fuperior force, 
 headed by Count d'Eftaingatid Gen. Lin- 
 coln. The allies made a fatal and unfuc- 
 cefsful attack on the i8th of Odlober, 
 1779, when they were obliged to retreat, 
 after having from icoo to 1200 men 
 killed and wounded. It is 129 miles 
 N by E of St. Mary's, 132 S W by S from 
 Augufta, 925 in a like direcStion from 
 Philadelphia, and 6s3 from Wafliington. 
 N lat. 32 3, W Ion, 81 24. 
 
 Sa-Jiumuh Eitiery divides the flate of 
 Georgia, from that of S. Carolina, and 
 purfues a coiir fe nearly from N W to S E. 
 It is formed chiefly of -two branches, the 
 Tugelo and Keowee, which fpring from 
 the mountains, and unite under the name 
 of Savannah, 15 miles N W of the north- 
 ern boundary of Wilkes co. kis navigable 
 for large velfels 17 miles up to Savannah, 
 and for boats of 100 feet keel to Augufta. 
 After a fall juft above this place, it is paiF- 
 able for boats to the mouth of Tugelo 
 river. After it takes the name of Sa- 
 vannah, at the confluence of the Tugelo 
 and Keowee, it receives a number of 
 tributary ftreams, from the Georgia iJde, 
 the principal of which is Broad, river. 
 Tybec Bar, at the entiance of Savannah 
 river, has 16 feet water at half tide. Ty- 
 bee light houfe lies in lat. 32 N, and Ion. 
 8 1 10 W, and from thence to Port Pvoya! 
 is 6 leagues N E ^ E. The flood in this 
 river was To great in Feb. 1796, that the 
 water rofc ^s feet above its ordinary lev- 
 el, and 9 feet 4 inches higher than was 
 ever knewn before. In Augufta, the 
 ftreets were plied by boats which could 
 carry 15 tons. 
 
 Savannah Ri'ver, Little, falls into thcgulf 
 of Mexico, N W of St. Jofeph's Bay. 
 
 Sa'vannah la Afar^ at the E end of the 
 ifland of St. Domingo, is a fetllement on 
 the S fide of the bay of Samana, oppofite 
 the city of Samana on the N fide, and lies 
 between the bay of P-earls, (which is an 
 excellent port) and the Point of Icaque. 
 It has its governor and red:or, and is fit- 
 uated at the end of a plain, which is more 
 thsn lo leagues from E to W, and 4 wide 
 from N to S. 'I'he city of Samana and 
 this town were both begun in 1756, and 
 together do not contain more than 500 
 fouls. The anchorage here is only fit for 
 fmall vefiels. Shallows and breakers ren- 
 der the navigation very dangerous be- 
 tween this and the point of Icaque, 47^ 
 leagues diftant. 
 
 Sa*va;wa/j la Mar j on the S fide»of th<? 
 Ifland of Jamaica, in Cornwallis county, 
 has good anchorage for large vefftls. It 
 was almoft entirely deftroyed by a dread- 
 ful hurricane and inundatiom of the fca, 
 in 1780. It is now partly rebuilt, and 
 contains from 60 to 70 houies. It bears 
 from Eluefield's Point W by N IN about 
 3 leagues. N lat. 18 12, W Ion. 78 6. 
 
 Saverio, a cape or point on the N coafl: 
 of S. America, on that part called the 
 Spanifli Main. ..Between it and the ifl- 
 and Barbarata is the opening to the ifland 
 j of Bonaire. 
 
 Savil/a, St. a fmall town of Georgia, ($4 
 } miles S of Savann.ih, and 65 N of St. 
 i Mary's. 
 
 j Savoy, a lownfliip in Bcrklhire co. Maf- 
 j fachufetts, incorporated in 1797. Inhab- 
 itants 43c, 
 
 Sa-:vv.'f's Ferry, a fmall poft town of N. 
 Carolina, 14 miles from Nixonton. 
 
 Sa'wyer's,X)T Affcradores^ Jf.anJ, on theW 
 coaft of Mexico ; is fmali, and has on its 
 S E fide a fmall creek of its name, which 
 boats can only enter at high water. It is 
 12 miles from the Ear of Realejo. 
 
 Saxapabatv, the upper part of the N 
 W branch of Cape Fear river, in N. Car- 
 olina. It is formid by Aramanciie and 
 Deep rivers, and it is laid may be made 
 navigable for boats about 50 miles. 
 
 Saxegotba, a village in S. Carolina, on 
 the fouthern bank of Congaree river ; 
 -about 48 miles NVV of Augufta, in Georgia, 
 
 Saxtons River, in Vermont, empties in- 
 to the Connedlicut at Vv'eftminfter. 
 
 Saybrooky, a poft town of Connecticut, 
 'Middlefex CO. on the W lide of the mouth 
 of Coanecbicut river, acrofs v/hich is a 
 ferry, on the road leading to New Lon- 
 don. It is 36 milts E of New Haven, 18 
 V/ of New London, and 367 from Waili- 
 ington. This is the mod: ancient town 
 in the ftate, liaving been fettled by Mr. 
 Fenwick in 1634, who gave it its prei- 
 ent name in honor of Lord Say and Seal 
 and Lord Brook. It has 3363 inhabitants. 
 
 Scarborough, a poft town of Maine, in 
 Cumberland co. on the fca coaft, between 
 Pepperelborough and Cape F.Ii>:abtth. 
 It was iacorporated in i6j8 : contains 
 2099 inhabitants ; lies 113 miles north- 
 erly of Bofton, and 6co from Walliington.. 
 
 Scarborough 'Toivnfiip, noted for its high 
 banks, is in the E riding of the co. of 
 York, U. Canada, and lies W of the 
 townfliip of Pickering, fronting lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 Scarborough' Co-jc, in the harbour of 
 Chtbu<5to, 
 
SCH 
 
 SCH 
 
 Chcbudto, on the fouthern coaftof Nova 
 Scotia, is on the middle of the W fide of 
 Coriiwallis Ifland. It is 3 or 6 furlongs 
 broad, and nearly the fame in depth. 
 
 Scarborough, a town and fort in the ifl- 
 and of Tobago, in the W. Indies. 
 
 Scaroon.^LaJeey in Wallnngton CO. N. Jer- 
 fcy, has a pofl: office, and lies 491 miles 
 from Wailiington. 
 
 ScarfJaU, a townfliip in W. Clicfterco. 
 N. York, bounded W by Bronx R. and S by 
 N.Rochelle. It contains 258 inhabitants. 
 
 Scjtari, a fmali uninhabited iiland on 
 the eaftcrn coaft of Cape Breton. It is 
 about 6 miles long and a broad. It fervts 
 as a flietler to a bay from the E and S, call- 
 ed Mcnadou, or Panadou Bay. N lat. 
 46 3, W Ion. 59 iS' ^^ ^^^s formerly 
 called Little Cape Breton. 
 
 Scauyace, a river of N. York, which if- 
 i'lies from the N E corner of Seneca Lake, 
 and feparating the townfhips of Romulus 
 and Junius on the N, empties into Cayu- 
 ga lake. 
 
 Schatccole, a lOAvnfliip of N. York, in 
 llenflelaer co. N of Lanhnburg. It has 
 .Z352 inhabitants. 
 
 8cbacadcro, a fmall village on the Ifth- 
 mus of Darien ; on the E fide of the 
 mouth of the river Santa Marie, on a rif- 
 ing ground, open to the Gulf of St. Mich- 
 ael. It has a fuie rivulet of freili water, 
 and ferves as a place of refrefliment to 
 the miners. The frefli breezes from the 
 fea render it very healthy. N lat. 7 50, 
 W Ion. 825. 
 
 Schlojfcr Fort, or Slnjber, in the ftate of 
 K Yoi k, is on the eallern fide of Niagara 
 river, near the celebrated falls, on the N 
 bank of a bend of the river, and oppofite 
 to the N W end of Navy Ifland. 
 
 SJjo/ac, a townfliip in Reniielaer co. N. 
 York, taken from Renflelaerwick, and in- 
 corporated in 1795. It is 14 miles S E of 
 Albany ; and has 3688 inhabitants. 
 
 Schocnbrtinn, or the JBeautifid Sjiring, one 
 of the caflernmoft fettlements of the Mo- 
 ravians on Muikingum river. See Cnad- 
 cnhnetUn. This fcttlement of Chrillian 
 Indians was eflabiiflicd in i772,on a tracl 
 of land granted by the Delaware tribe. 
 Jn 1775, the chapel, which could contain 
 ^00 people, was found too fmall for the 
 Jiearers, who came in great numbers. It 
 \vas fituated about 70 miles from Lake 
 Erie, and 75 W from Fricdenftadt. It had 
 a good fpring ; a fniall lake ; good 
 planting grounds ; much game ; and ev- 
 ery other convenience for the fuppoxtof 
 aa Indian colony. It appears that a large 
 
 fortified Indian town formerly flood herf ; 
 fomc ramparts and the ruins of three In- 
 dian forts being ftill vifible, Tiie Deia- 
 wares granted to the Chriflian IndiRns 
 all the tratfl from the entrance ot Grkel- 
 muckpecliucnk Creek into the Mullein- 
 gum, to Tufcarawi. This thriving fettie- 
 nient was deftroyed ini/Sz, wiicn the 
 Huron Indians carried the inhabitants to 
 Sandufky ; and when thefe peactabie In- 
 dians were permitted to return to reap 
 their harveft, they were cruelly butchered 
 by the American fettleri, while praifing 
 God and forgiving their enemies. Con- 
 grcf?, in Sept. 1788, granted 4000 acres of 
 laud here to the fociety of the United 
 Brethren for the purpolc of propagating 
 the gofpel. 
 
 Schoharie, a CO. of N. York, taken from 
 Albany and Otfego counties, and incor- 
 porated in 1795. The land is variegated 
 with hills ; is in general fertile and well 
 I watered by Schoharie, Cobus Kill, and 
 !i fevcral other ftreams. The county is 
 I bounded N by Montgomery, S by Ulfter, 
 I E by Albany, and W by Otfego. By a 
 law palled 17th March, 1797, this county 
 I was divided into the fix following towns, 
 ' viz. Schoharie, Middleberg, Blenheim, 
 Briftol, Coblefkill, and Sharon. It con- 
 tains 9808 inhabitants. " Perhaps, (fays 
 a traveller,) there is not a more aflonifli- 
 j ing inftance of petrifaction in the weliern 
 ' world, than is to be feen about half a mile 
 S E from the court houfe in Schoharie 
 county. It is a hill, whofe fizc ainioft en- 
 titles it to the appellation of a mountain, 
 which may be pronounced a mere mafs 
 of petrified fliells. I went to the top of 
 the hill which is fome thoufand feet 
 higher than the ground where the court 
 houfe ftands, and examined the rock as 
 I went up, and then along the top of the 
 ridge for one mile. The rock is general- 
 ly covered with a thin foil, but lies bare 
 a'l dilferent intervals, not far diflant froni 
 each other, in its whole extent ; and in 
 fome places projedls from the ground ten 
 or twelve feet. Every inch of the lock 
 exhibits petrified fliells in their perfea 
 form. In one place I broke off a piece 
 of the rock, in a deep filTure. 10 feet from 
 the furface of the lock, and found it to be 
 of the fame compofition. Wherever the 
 rock IS expofed to the fun, it refembles 
 brimftone ; where it is hid from the fun, it 
 is dark, coarfe and rough. It feems to be 
 compofed wholly of river fliells ; I could 
 find no oyfter fliells. There is one thing 
 particularly worthy of remark. Although it 
 
 is 
 
SCH 
 
 S C I 
 
 is a ridge fo tlevated, that no water of a 
 petrified quality, or othervvife, can polii- 
 blv run there, I law a bench of niols, 
 winch a gentleman had found there per- 
 fectly pctfilicd." Balance. 
 
 S^ijoharuy the principal town in the 
 above CO. is on Schoharie Creek or river, 
 and is one of the wealthieft ijiland farm- 
 ing towns in the ftatc. The inhabitants 
 are 1696, chiefly Dutch. It is between 30 
 and 40 miles W of Albany. 
 
 S.hoh.trie River, runs a northerly courfe 
 of about bo miics from tlie Kaats' Kill 
 Mountains, and emptie« into Mohawk 
 river at Jbort Hunter. Tlie wtftern 
 branch 01 tliis river is called Cobus Kill. 
 On the E fide of Cobus is the fettlement 
 of its name. 
 
 Hchooduck. See Frcuchir.ais Eay^ and 
 ScooJick, 
 
 Scuuylcr^Fort, Ncu,', in the townlliip of 
 Rome, ftands on the W lide of Mohawk 
 river, 7 miles W ot Whiteftown. 
 
 Sc/juylcr, Fort, OU, is on the S fide of 
 Mohawk river, 3 miles E N E of the 
 compaA part of WhiteRown, and 20 a- 
 bov'c the German flats. Sec' Uirca. 
 
 Schuyu-r^'A townfliip of N. York, Herke- 
 mer co. between Moh?.\vk river and Can- 
 ada Creek, 20 miles above the town of 
 German Flats. It contains 963 inhabit- 
 ants. It was incorporated in 1792. 
 
 Schuyler'' s Fake, in N. York, is 10 miles 
 W 01 Lake Otfegu. It is 9 miles long, 
 and 4 or 5 broad. 
 
 Schuylkill, a river of Pennfylvania, 
 which ifes N W of the Kittatinny Moun- 
 tains, through which it pafles into a fine 
 champaign country, and runs, from its 
 iburee upwards of 120 miles in a S E di- 
 rection, and palling through the limits of 
 Philadelphia, falls into the Delaware, op- 
 polite Mud IHand, 6 or 7 miles below the 
 city. It will be navigable from above 
 Reading, 83 or 90 miles to its mouth, 
 when the canal begun at Norriton is 
 completed. This will pafs by the falls, 
 and alfo form a communication with the 
 Delaware above the city. There arc 3 
 floating bridges thrown acrofs it, made of 
 logs faftened together, and lying upon 
 the water, in the vicinity of Philadelphia. 
 A bridge of this river, conllfting of a wood- 
 en arch refting on two ftone piers, it is 
 expe(5led will be completed in the courfe 
 oftheyear 1804, Itisat the Wend of Mar- 
 ket ftreet. It is a work of great cxpenfe 
 and enterprifc. The weftern pier is at 
 bottom 30 feet broad and 71 feet 6 inches 
 in its extreme length; its ends bsing fimi- 
 
 circnlar. This pier is of folld mafonrv, 
 and has 72.50 tons in its loundaiion, wliieJt 
 is 29 feet below low water mark. It was 
 begun on Chriftmas day, and in 40 days 
 from neccliity completed. Litile ScuylkiU 
 Ri'ver falls into this river from the N, at 
 Reading. On the head waters of Sciiuyl- 
 kill are quantities of coal. 
 
 Scioto Rivar, which falls iuto the Ohio, 
 in the ftate of Ohio, is larger than the 
 Hockhocking, and opens a more exrenfivc 
 navigation, it is pai]'al)le tor large barg- 
 es for 2CO miles, with a portage ol onl\ 4 
 miles to the Sandulky, a boat-:ibIe water 
 which falls into lake Erie. Through the 
 Sandufky and Scioto lies the molt com- 
 mon pals from Canada to the Ohio and 
 Miihlippi ; one of the molt txtenfive and 
 ulcful communications to be lound in any 
 country. Prodigious extcnlions of ter- 
 ritory are here conuc6ttd ; and, from the 
 rapidity with which the weftern parts of 
 Canadit, Take Erie, and the Kentucky 
 countries are fettling, we may anticipate 
 an immenfe intercourle between them. 
 The flour, corn, flax and hemp, raifed for 
 exportation in that great country between 
 the Lakes Huron and Ontario, will find 
 an outlet through Lake Erie and ihclc 
 rivers, or down the Millifippi. 'Jhe O- 
 hio merchant can give a higher price 
 than thofc of Quebec for thcfe connnod- 
 ities ; as they may be traniported troni 
 the former to New Orleans and the Wcfl: 
 Indies, with lefsexpenie,rifk andinfurance 
 than from the latter ; white the cxpenfe 
 from the place of growth to the Ohio 
 will not be -^ of what it'.vouid be to Que- 
 bec, and much lei's than even to the Onei- 
 da Lake. The ftream of the Scioto i& 
 gentle, no where broken by falls. At 
 fome places, in the fpring of the year, it 
 overflows its banks, providing for large 
 natural rice plantations. Salt fpringSj 
 coal mines, white and blue clay, and free- 
 flone, abound in the country adjoining 
 this river. Its mouth''is in N lat. 38 40, 
 W Ion. 83 30 ; about 300 miles below 
 Pittfburg, and is navigable to its fourcc 
 in canoes. 
 
 Sciotoy a county in the ffate of Ohio. 
 
 Scip'io^ a poft town of N. York, Onon- 
 dago CO. on the E fide of Cayuga Lake, 
 14 miles S E of Geneva, 39 SW by W 
 of Onondago,and 448 from Wafliington. 
 This townfliip was incorporated 'n 1794, 
 , and comprehends that part ol the land* 
 referved to the Cayuga nation ol Indians, 
 on the E fide of the Cayuga Lake. The 
 county courts of Onocdago co. are held 
 
SCO 
 
 8'E A 
 
 at IManlius and Sc^pio alternately. The 
 •lands :irc Very ftjt:ile. Tlie courts are 
 ■It prcfent held in the pleafant village 
 • ©f Aurnr.: , on the bank of Cayuga Lake. 
 
 Sc't'i<!if, H noil town of ?vIh iTaciuifcttSjOn 
 t!)e bny cv' tii.-i n;;.rnc, in Plyincmih co. 
 30 milts S F of Bi)!tv)ii. It was incorpo- 
 rnted in 16;, 7,'Hnd contains 2728 tniiab- 
 itants. Scituate h;irbour is N'W of 
 Marlhficid Point, and S S E of- the Had- 
 dock Rock, and about 16 miles north- 
 ward of Plymouth, in the dirctSVioa of t'le 
 huid. Aniillpond in this town bring fud- 
 denly drawn off by a iire;ich in the dam, 
 in the winter feal'on, fomc years ago, ex- 
 hibited a matter of fpeculation to maMy 
 of tlie inliabitants. 'I'hc fwine of the 
 neighbourhood rooted up houfe fwallows 
 in great quantities, from the fpot which 
 the water had left, which they ate greed- 
 ily, Swallows have been found in leve- 
 ral other places ; at Egg Harbour, in N. 
 Jerfey, in a marfhy place, a large cedar 
 being blown down, a vafl: number of 
 fwallows were found in the mud of the 
 root. 
 
 Sciti'atc, a townfliip of Rhode Ifjand, 
 Providence co. between Fofier and John- 
 fton. It contains 'iS'^i inhabitants. It is 
 27 miles N W of Newport, and 11 S W 
 by W of Providence. On the line which 
 feparates the town from Kent eo. on the 
 S, is the foundery for cannon and bells, 
 culled the Hope Furnace. 
 
 Scoodick^ a. river of Wafliington co. 
 Maine. It is properly an arm of the in- 
 ner bay of Paflamaquoddy. De Mons and 
 Champlain called it Etchemin?. Its main 
 fource is near Penobfcot river, to which 
 the Indians have a communication ; the 
 carrying place acrofs is but 3 miles. 
 Scoodick lakes lie in a chain between 
 Scoodiek and Penobfcot livers. 
 
 Scotch Pluitu^ a village in EfTex co. N. 
 Jerfey, on a N E branch of Rariton river, 
 between W^efttield and Turky ; 11 miles 
 W of Elizabeth "^lown, and as far north- 
 vard of N. Brunfwick. 
 
 Scotland, Neck, a village of N. Carolina, 
 Halifax CO. where is a pofl office, 396 
 miles from Philadelphia, and ajo from 
 Walliington. 
 
 Scotland Neiv, See Nova Scotia. 
 
 Scotland Rkidr, in the ifland of Barba- 
 vdoes, is fcarcely deferving notice, other- 
 -wife than being almofl the only rivulet in 
 'the iiland, except St. Jofcph's, another 
 .fmall brook. It rifes in St. Andrew's par- 
 j^fli, and fills into Long Eay on the E fide 
 
 : of the ifland, %\ miles N W of St. Jofeph's 
 W river. 
 
 8co^', a CO. of Kentucky, which contains 
 
 I 7659 inhabitants of whom 1787 are flaves. 
 
 A fpring of fait v»^ater has lately been dif- 
 
 covered in this co. after digging and boring 
 
 more than 70 feet. Lefs than 200 gallons 
 
 of its water, make a bufliel of fait. 
 
 I Scots Bay, on the S W coaft of the ifland 
 
 of Dominica, towards the S extremity of 
 
 ■ the ifland. It lies in St. Martin's parifli, 
 
 I having Scots Head on the S, and Vaugh- 
 
 an's Point on the N. 
 
 Scots Cove, on the SW part of Jamaica I. 
 i Scottfourgh, a poft town in Halifax co. 
 : Virginia, i^d miles from Wafliington. 
 I Scoivhegan Falls, in Kennebeck river, 
 I Maine, are near the town of Canaan. 
 I Boats cannot paA this fall. 
 I Scrivati, a good harbour on the E fide of 
 : thelflhrnus of Darien, but fo full of rocks 
 I at the entrance, that none can pafs it with 
 j fafety, but fuch as are acquainted there. 
 j It is 3 leagues W of Sanballet Point, and 
 I 17 E of Porto Bello. N lat. 9 40, W Ion. 
 I 78 49- 
 
 j Scrfuen, a CO. in the lower diftricSt of 
 ; Georgia. It contains 3019 inhabitants, of 
 j whom 766 are ilaves. 
 
 ! Scroon, or Scarean Lake, in N. York, ligs 
 ' W of Lake George, and is a dilatation of 
 , the N branch of Hudfon's R. It is about 
 \ 12 miles long and i wide. A fmall but 
 : rapid ftream enters into it, which, in 
 Montgomery co. runs under a hill, the 
 bafeof which is 60 or 70 yards diameter, 
 forming a mofl: curious and beautiful arch 
 ; in the rock, as white as fnow. The fury 
 of the water and the roughnefs of the 
 bottom, added to the terrific noife within, 
 ; has hitherto prevented any perfon from 
 , pafling through the chafm. 
 j Scrub Iiland, one of the fmaller Virgin 
 I Illands, W of Virgin Gorda, and E of the 
 i N end of Tortola, on which it depends. 
 j N lat. 18 25, W Ion. 62 Si- 
 Scull Camp, 2l poll town in Surry co. N. 
 I Carolina, 410 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Seabrook, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire, 
 I Rockingham co. on the road from Portf- 
 i mouth to Newburyport ; about 16 miles 
 ) S of the former, and 6 northerly of the 
 j latter. It was formerly part of Hampton ; 
 j was incorporated in 1768, and contains 
 1 628 inhabitants. 
 
 j Seakonnet Point and Rods, the S extrem- 
 I ity of the eaftern fliore which forms the 
 j entrance of Narraganfet Bay, Rhode Ifl- 
 I and ; uboat 6 mileb E S E of Newport. 
 ; Seal 
 
Seal IJland^ Machias^ on the COafl: of 
 Maine. From thence to Grand Manan 
 Wand the cOuife is E N E a leagues ; and 
 to Matinicus Ifiand W S W a6 leagues. 
 N lat. 44 27, W Ion. 66 52 
 
 Seal River y in New North Wales, runs 
 w to Hudfon's Say, into which it emp- 
 ties eaftward of Moofe river. 
 
 Sea Otter Sound, on the N. W. coafl: of N. 
 America, lies S E of the Hazy Klands, 
 N lat. ss 18, W ion. i;,;, 47 30. 
 
 .S<?.7;r/5«ro/', atownfiiip of Vermont, Ben- 
 nington CO. 12 miles E of Bennington. 
 Seavay's Jjland. See Pcif cat aqua river. 
 SebacOy an ifland on the W coaft of 
 Mexico, 12 mile-i N of Point Mariat, and 
 45 N E of Quicara. 
 
 Sebacook, or Seba^^'o, a pond or lake of 
 Maine, i8 miles N W of Portland, is 
 c.]uii\ in extent to 2 large towniliips, and 
 is connected with Long Pond on the N 
 W by Sungo, or Songo river. The whole 
 extent of thefe waters is nearly 30 miles 
 N W and S E. 
 
 Sebar'ana, one of the principal mouths 
 of Oronoco river that is navigable for 
 {liips. 
 
 Sebafcodengan Ifland. See Ilarpf-well. 
 Sebujlaccjk, a river of Maine, that rifes 
 in lalces nearly N from its mouth ; and 
 in its windings receives many tributary 
 sireams, and joins the Kennebcck at Ta- 
 connet Fail, where Fort Halifax was ere6l- 
 in 1754. The fall is 18 miles from Fort 
 Weiiern, which was built in 1752. Its 
 numerous ftreams abound with fmall fifli, 
 as alewives, &c. 
 
 Sebajllaiiy Cape St. the eafiiern point of 
 the Gulf of Darien, on the coafl: of the 
 Spanilli Maine, is 10 leagues from the 
 weftei-n point of Cape Tiburon. Here 
 was formerly a city, which was abandon- 
 ed on account of its unwholefome fitua- 
 tion. 
 
 Sehafiiauy Cope St. on the coaft of Cali- 
 fornia. N lat. 43, W Ion. 126. 
 
 Sebapan, St. fituated at the mouth of 
 the Rio de Janeiro, lat. 23 S, is the capi- 
 tal of the province of Rio de Janeiro, and 
 contained in 1796, according to a cenfus 
 then taken 96,000 inhabitants, four fifths 
 of whom were blacks and people of mix- 
 ed colour. The vice king of Brazil re- 
 fide, here. This city is regularly built, 
 its ftreets of lO feet wide crofs each other 
 at right angles. The l^oufes are two and 
 three ftorles high. The k)wer one is ufed 
 for ftores ftables &c. The people uni- 
 formly dwell on the fecond rloor. This 
 place has more commerce than any in 
 
 Brazil. None but pleafure carriages are 
 ufed here. The truckage &c. is done by 
 negroes. Forrefx. 
 
 Sebjfiian IJlcind, St. on the coafl: of Bra- 
 zil, is S W by W from the bay of Angra 
 dos Reys ; to the eaftward of which are 
 feveral other illands of lefs note. S lat. 
 2254, W \<m. 43 II. 
 
 Sebafiiaii, St. a town of Terra Flrma, oa- 
 the E fide of the Gulf of Darien. 
 
 Scbafic.,1 River, St. or Spanljh Ad;r}rrJ.*s 
 Creek, on the E coaii of E. Florida, has 
 communication with Indian river. Oppo- 
 ^\ie this river the admiral of the Plate 
 Fleet periflied in 1715. The reft of the 
 fleet, 14 in •number, were loft belwcen 
 I this and the Beach yard. 
 
 ScbajVtan de la Plat~i, a fmall place in t!ie 
 jurifdiclion of Popayan, in the province 
 of Quito, 6 miles N E of Popayan. It 
 ftands on a lar^e plain on the bank of the 
 river Galli, and is fubject to earthquake.*. 
 There are filver mines in its vicinity. N 
 lat. 3 44, W Ion. 74 I. 
 
 Sebo/t, fmall ifiand-i on the coaft of Cape- 
 Breton, oft' the S point of Port Dauphin. 
 Secas IJlanJs, or Dry Jfands, on the \V 
 coaft of N. Mexico, are within Bahia Hon- 
 da, or Deep Bay, and 12 miles from Point 
 Chiriqui, the limit of the bay. 
 
 Sedmra, a town of Peru, lo league.*! S 
 of Piura, on the bank of a river of its 
 own name, a league from the ocean. It 
 contains about 400 faiiiliies, all Indian^ ;^ 
 chicHy employed in fifliir.g or driving 
 mule.-i. They are remarkably ingenious, 
 and generally fucceed in whatever they 
 undertake- The Befert of Scchura is a 
 frightful wafte of fand, extending y:> 
 leagues to the town of Morope ; which 
 fee. S lat. 5 32 33, W Ion. 79 4^- 
 
 Secklotig, a town of N. Spain, on the 
 Mofquito fliore, on the N W fide of the-" 
 mouth of Golden river; about too miles 
 fi'om Cape Gracias a Dios. 
 1 Sed, Cape, a promontory on the N fide 
 of the ifland of Cuba, and 1 8 lestgues from 
 the Havannah. 
 
 Sed'^iuicl, a tovvnfliip of Maine, Hancock 
 
 CO. on Nalkeag Point, which bounds Pe- 
 
 , nobfcot on the N E. It extends up ro the 
 
 ' town of Penobfcot, and is t^x^ miles N E 
 
 ; of Bofton. It has 726 inhabitants. 
 
 I Seckhonk River, is the name of that part 
 
 I of Pawtucket river below Pawtncket 
 
 j bridge and falls ; from which to its mouth 
 
 at Fox Point, in the town of Providence, 
 
 is a little. more than 4 miles. O'ccr it 
 
 are 2 bridges, conne<fting Rhode Ifliind, 
 
 I with the State of Maflachivreni, vir. India 
 
 bridge,.'- 
 
S EN 
 
 SE R 
 
 ^>ridge, and three fourths of a mile above 
 that, Central bridge. See Paivtucht. 
 
 Sceivee Bay, or Bull's Harbour, on the 
 coafl of S. CaroHna, lies nearly at an 
 equal diftance S W of Cape Roman, and 
 N E of Charleflon Entrance, having fever- 
 al iiles which form tiie bay. 
 
 Scirovia, Netv, a fmall city in the jurif- 
 dicltiou of Guatimala, in New Spain, 30 
 miles N of New Granada. It has fev- 
 €ral gold mines in its neighbourhood, 
 though the city is fmall and thinly inhab- 
 ited. N iat. 12 42, Wlon. 87 31. 
 
 Si'^ruatarifia. See Chequetaii. 
 
 Se^ii/n /jlitftd, on the coalt of Maine, is 
 one of the fouthernmofl: ifhmds in Cafco 
 Eav ; between Cape Small Point and 
 Georgetown. There is a light houfe on 
 this illand which contains a repeating 
 light, fo conftructcd as to difappear once 
 every minute and a half, whichdiltinguifh- 
 cs it from Portland light. It is furround- 
 cd by rocks, rifes boldly from the fea into 
 a high hill, 2 or 3 miles from the main. 
 N lat. 43 41, W Ion. 69 20. 
 
 Scgitra lie la Fronteruy a large town in 
 the province of 'Plafcala, and kingdom of 
 Mexico, 70 miles W of Xalappa, and in 
 the road from Vera Cruz to Mexico. 
 I'he furrounding country has a temper- 
 ate air, and is remarkably fruitful, pro- 
 ducing large quantities of corn and fruits, 
 particularly grapes. N lat. 19 28, W 
 Jon. 100 10. 
 
 Sjfxhjules, a d'vifion of the Creek nation 
 of Indians. 'J hey inhabit the flat, level 
 country on the rivers Apalachicola and 
 Flint. See Calos. 
 
 Scnpronius, a port town of N. York, near- 
 ]y in the centre of the county of Ononda- 
 go, is 20 miles S E from the ferry on Cay- 
 uga Lake. It is within the juriidid:ion 
 of the townfliip of Scipio and 457 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Seneca, a towu of N. York, Onondago 
 CO. lately laid off into ftreets and fquares, 
 on the N fide of Seneca Falls. The 
 enterprihng proprietors have ercdled 
 f.our and faw mills, of the beft kind, on 
 this never failing ftream ; and from its 
 central fitup.ticn, both by land and water, 
 between the cuftern and weflern coun- 
 tries, being at thecarryingplace, it promif- 
 tts a rapid increafe. 'I'he proprietors 
 have expended large fums of money, not 
 only in erecting mills, but in building a 
 convenient bridge acrofs Seneca river. 
 
 Suneca Creeiy in Maryland, has two 
 branches ; one of which is called Little 
 ^neca. It empties lat© Eatowmac riv- 
 
 er, about 19 miles N W of the mouth of 
 P^-Ock Creek, which feparates George- 
 town 20 from Waflnngton city. 
 
 Seneca Lake, in Ontario CO. N. York, is 
 a handfome piece of water from t,^ to 40 
 miles long, and about 2 miles wide. At 
 the N W corner of the lake (lands the 
 town of Geneva, and on the E hde be- 
 tween it and Cayuga, are the towns of 
 Romulus, Ovid, Hcdlor and Ulyflcs, in 
 Onondago co. N. York. Its outlet is 
 Scayace R. which alio receives the waters 
 of Cayuga Lake 9 miles N E from il'e 
 mouth of Canada Saga, 18 miles below 
 Geneva. On the fame fide of the lake 
 ftands the Friend's fett lenient, founded 
 by Jeniima Wilkinfon ; there are So fam- 
 ilies in it, each h;^s a fine farm, and are 
 quiet, induflrious people. 
 
 Seneca Ri-ver,\n the State of N. York, 
 has an eafterly courfe,;ind in its paffage 
 receives the waters cf Seneca and Cayu- 
 ga lakesj (which lie N and S 10 or 12 miles 
 apart;) and empties into the Onondago 
 river, 14 miles below the falls, at a place 
 called the Three Rivers. The river is 
 boatable from the lakes downwards. 
 Within half a mile of the river is the fa- 
 mous Salt Lake. 
 
 Senecas, a tribe of Indians, one of the 
 Six Nations. They inhabit on Geneflee 
 river, at the GenefTce Caftle. The tribe 
 conhfl:s of about 1780 fouls. They have 
 two towns of 60 or 70 fouls each, on 
 French Creek in Pennfylvania, and anoth- 
 er town on Buflaloe Creek, and two fmall 
 towns on Alleghany river. 
 
 Senter Harbour .^ in the N W part of 
 Lake Winnipifcogee. 
 
 Separation Bay, in the Straits of ATagel- 
 lan, is 3 leagues within Cape Pillar, at 
 the W end of the Straits, and lies W of 
 Tuefday Bay. 
 
 Serenuy La, See Coquimbo. 
 
 Seregippc, a captainfliip of Brazil, fo 
 named from a river of the fame name, run- 
 ning through the middle of it, and falling 
 into the Atlantic Ocean in lat. 11 I2 S. 
 It is bounded N by the river St. Francis, 
 and S by that of Todos los Santos. It 
 produces fugar and tobacco in confidera- 
 ble quantities. 
 
 Sercgippe, the capital of the above cap- 
 tainfliip, with a harbour on the S. Allan- 
 tic Ocean, 40 leagues N E of St. Salvadore. 
 It is lituatedon a rifing ground on the N 
 fide of Vazabaris river, 33 miles from the 
 fca. It is very inconfiderable ; but has 
 fome fdver mines in its neighbourhood. 
 S lat. II 20,Wlon. 31 2. 
 
 Scrpentf 
 
SE V 
 
 S HA 
 
 Serpeiii, le, is Oil the N fliore of lake Hu- 
 ron, and lies E of MifTaflaga river, and W 
 oi" I lie la Cloche. 
 
 Serrana, an ifle between Jamaica and 
 the coaft of Nicaragua, which took its 
 name from one Sen-ana, \yho parted with 
 the fleet from Spain, in the time of Charles 
 V. and was fnipwrecked on the rocks of 
 this ifland ; but having gained the lliore 
 by fwimming, he found there neithe.r 
 herbs, trees, nor water, and went over all 
 the iiland, which is about 6 niilcs in cir- 
 cuit, without finding an)V thing to quench 
 thirft or fatlsfy hungCi", PrelTed at laO: 
 with extreme hunger, he , caught fome 
 crabs en the fliore, which were his fuod 
 for fome days ; and then ieeiag large tur- 
 tles which came afliore, he caught fome 
 of them. Having lived for three year'> 
 in this manner, on crabs and turtles, and 
 drank nothing hut rain v/ater which he 
 gathered in turtle fliclls, he difcovered 
 another companion in misfortune, who 
 had alfo been (liipv/recked. This compan- 
 ion was fome comfort to him, and they 
 lived four years together ; at the end of 
 which time, a veflel ccjraing near the iil- 
 and, carried them both to Spain. The 
 1 alt of thefe died on the way thither ; but 
 Scrrana was carried to Germany, and pre- 
 fented to Charles V as a kind of prodigy, 
 for all his body was overgrown with hair 
 like a bear, and his beard came down to 
 his waift. The emperor beflowed on 
 him 4800 ducats to be paid in Peru ; but 
 he died on his way to Panama, as he was 
 going to receivethem. 
 
 Siifeiu^ Q^iiiifi, a river of the N. W. Ter- 
 ritory, which empties through the weft- 
 ern bank of Illinois river, about 180 miles 
 from the Miflifippi. Its mouth is 40 
 yards wide ; and the land bordering on 
 it is very good. It is boatable 60 miles. 
 
 Ss-ven Brothers, fmall iilands on the N 
 coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo. They 
 He oppoiite the mouth of Monte Chrill 
 river, or Grand Yaqui. They have oe- 
 calioned feveral wrecks, and prove a fliel- 
 ter to privateers. 
 
 Seven IJlands Bay, on the N iide of the 
 river St. Lawrence ; 25 leagues from tlie 
 W end of the iiland of Antlcoftr, and in 
 hit. 50 20 N. It was one of the French 
 ports for trading v/ith the Indians, and 
 has a very fecurc harbour for lliips in 
 any wind. 
 
 Severn Rk)er, convey?, the waters of lake 
 Simcoe, from the northern extremity of 
 that lake into the head of Gloucefter bay, 
 and harbour, lake Huron. S/f!yth. ' 
 
 Vol, I. Aaua 
 
 Severn, a fmall river of Maryland, of 
 Hiort courfe, which runs S E to Chefapeak 
 Bay. It panes by Annapolis city on the 
 N and empties into the bay about a mile* 
 below the city. 
 
 Severn, a river of New South Wales, 
 which purfues a N E cofarfe, and enters 
 Hudion's Bay at Severn Houfe, which 
 is 1 60 miles E of York Fort. 
 . Sevier, a county of TenelTee, Hamilton 
 diftritSt. It contains 3419 inhabitants, 
 of whom 1.^2 are T>egroes. 
 
 Sivier Flue, a poft town and capital of 
 Sevier co. TeneHee, S55 miles from Waflx* 
 ington. 
 
 Sevilla Nueva, a town which was found- 
 ed by the famous Efquivel, on the N fide 
 of the ifland of Jamaica ; a little to the 
 weft ward of Maimiiee Bay, and the fpot 
 which had been honored by the relidence 
 of Columbus, after his ihipwreckin 1505. 
 It is now called Seville Plantation ; and 
 the ruins of the ancient tov/n are ftill 
 vifible in fome of the cane fields. 
 
 Sexuee Bay, or Bull's Harbour, on the 
 coaft of S. Carolina, is S W of Cape 
 Carteret. The long and narrow iiland 
 called Racoon Keys is between Ci'pe Car- 
 teret Ifland and the entrance to tiiis har- 
 bour, which is at the N E end of Bull's 
 Iiland. See See-wee. 
 
 Seybo, or Seyvoy a fetilement in the S E 
 part of the ifland of St. Domingo, on the 
 upper road from Higuey to St. Domingo 
 city ; 18 leagues W by N of the former, 
 and 24 N E of the latter. It is alio la 
 leagues N of the httle ifland of St. Cath*. 
 erinCjOntheS coaft of the main iiland. 
 It is not that founded in 1502, by John of 
 Efquivel, but a fettlement formed in the 
 fame canton about 60 years ago by fever- 
 al graziers, and has a place of worfliip. 
 Towards the year 178011 had augmented, 
 but is now falling to decay. ■ -The parifh 
 contains more than 4CCo"'perfons ; the 
 greatcft part of whomare graziersor herdf- 
 men, free negroes or people of colour. 
 
 Sbackhford, a poft town in King William 
 CO. Virginia, 143 miles from Waili- 
 ington. 
 
 Shcfifjury, a confidcrable and flouriil:- 
 ing pott town of Vermont. It has Ar- 
 lington on the N, and Bennington on the 
 S, and contains i 895 inhabitants. 
 
 Shag Ijland, near the entrance into 
 Chriftmas Sound, on the 3 coaft of th-a 
 ifland of Terra del Fuego. Tlie entrance 
 to Port Gierke in this found is juft to th'j 
 N of fome low rocks which lie off a poiri.-: 
 of Shag Ifland. 
 
 ShalU^ 
 
S HA 
 
 SHE 
 
 Shalloiv Fard, Is that part of TenefTee 
 river which is i aoo yards broad ; 12 miles 
 above the Whirl. It Ues between Chat- 
 anuga and Chickaugo rivers, which fall 
 in from the S E. 
 
 Shalloxv Water, Point, on the N. W.coafi: 
 of N. America, lies in lat. 6;^ N. Be- 
 tween this point and Shoal Nefs, which 
 is 3 degrees of lat. to the fouthward, Capt. 
 Cook d'd not explore the coaft, on account 
 cf the llialloiv water he m^t with. 
 
 Sbambe, a fniall river of W. Florida, 
 wliich empties into Penfacola Bay. It 
 admits lliallops foine miles up, and boats 
 upwards of 50 miles. 
 
 Sha7nokin, a former Moravian fettle- 
 ment, ahttle below the town cf Sunbury, 
 in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Shamohln Creek, runs weflward into 
 Sufquehcinnah river, a mile. S of Sunbury, 
 in Pennfylvania. 
 
 Shanh JJland, was difcovered in l8C2, 
 in lat. a8 S, Ion. 163 E, It is 5 or 6 
 leagues from N to S, in length from E to 
 W not quite fo much. Cocoa trees were 
 obferved on the Ifland. 
 
 Shannock Country. See- Rhode' JJland 
 State. 
 
 Shannon Riocr, U. Canada, empties into 
 the bay of Quinte 10 or la miles above, 
 the Mohawk fettlement. 
 
 Shapld'^h, a pofl: town, Maine, York co. 
 at the head of Moufom river ; bound- 
 ed on the W by Pifcataqua River and 
 the line of N. Hampfliire. It was incor- 
 porated in 1785, contains 1778 inhabit- 
 ants, lies 108 miles N of Bofion, and 579, 
 fjom Walhlngton. 
 
 Sharon, a towniliip of Vermont, V/ind*- 
 for CO E of Royalton, and W of Norwich 
 on White river. It contains 1168 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Sharon, a townfiiip of Maflachufetts, 
 Norfolk CO. 10 mile, S W of Bofton. It 
 was taken from Stoughton, and incor- 
 porated in* 1765. It contains ioi8 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Sharon^^ poii town of Connecticut, in 
 Ijitchfield co. bounded E by Cornwall, 
 from which it is feparatedby Houfatonic 
 river, and W by the E line of N. York. 
 It is about 12 miles N W of Litchfield and 
 contains 2340 Inhabitants. 
 
 Sharon, a village in Georgia, about 5 
 miles from Savannah. In this place, jufl: 
 at the clofe of the war. Gen, Wayne was 
 attacked in a furious manner by a l:ody 
 of Cherokee Indians, headed by a Britifli 
 officer. They fought hand to hand 
 nunfuUy, and took a pieces of artillery. 
 
 But Gen. Wayne, at the hazard of his otnt? 
 life, gained the victory. * 
 
 Sharon, a new town in Schoharie co, 
 N.York, incosporated in 1797, having. 
 2655 inhabitants. 
 
 SharkJioivn,\n(^\xecn Ann's CO. Mary-- 
 land. See Kent County. 
 
 Sharpjhurg, a pofl town of Maryland, 
 Walliington co. about 2 miles from Patow- 
 mack river, and nearly oppolire to Shep- 
 herdftown, in Virginia, at the mouth of 
 Shenandoah river. It contains a clmrch, 
 and about 250 houfes. It is 9 miles N 
 N W of Williams port, 69 W by N of • 
 Baltimore, 181 W S W of, Philadelphia, 
 and 75 from WaihingtonJ 
 
 Shaivanee, and Shavanon, the former 
 tlie- Indian, and the latter the French 
 name of Cumberland river, in TenefTee. 
 
 Sbaivancfe, ov Sharvanoes, an Indian na- 
 tion, great numbers of v/hom have joined 
 the Creek confederacy. They have 4 
 towns on the Tallapoofee river, contain- 
 I ing 300 <>/arriors ; and more are expecfted 
 to remove thither. By the treaty of peace, 
 Aug. 3, 1795, the United States agreed to 
 pay to this tribe a fum in hand, and 
 1000 dollars a year for ever, in goods. 
 They inhabit alfo on Scioto river, and 
 a branch of the Mufkingum, and have 
 their hunting ground^ between Ohio river' 
 and Lake Eric. They are generally of a 
 fmall fize, rather handfome in their fea- 
 tures, and are a very cheerful and crafty 
 people. Counfelling among their old 
 people, and dancing among their young 
 men and women, take up a great part of 
 their time. 
 
 Shaivnefe To'wnjhip, lies at the mouth of 
 the river Chenal ccarte, on the E fide of 
 the river Sinclair, U. Canada. 
 
 Shaxvangunh, a pofl town in Ulfler CO. 
 N. York ; bounded eaAerly by Newburgh 
 and Marlboro' and foutherlyby Mont- 
 gomery and the. Platta Kill. It con- 
 tains 2809 inhabitants. It is 20 miles 
 from Goilien, and 12 from new Paltz. 
 
 Shaivfieen, a conilderable flream of Maf- 
 fachufetts, which rifes in Bedford, Mid- 
 diefex CO. and, pafhng through Billerica, 
 Tewkfbury and Andover, empties into 
 Merrimack river. 
 
 Sheha JJland. See Saba. 
 
 Shecatica, a bay of very irregular fhape 
 and breadth, on the coafl of Labrador, N. 
 America ; having an ifland of its name at 
 its mouth. It is between lat. 51 18 and 
 5128 N, and Ion. 58 16 and 58 22 W. 
 
 Shechary, a lake of New North Wales, 
 formed like a bow. It receives Church- 
 ill 
 
SHE 
 
 SHE 
 
 ■111 river from the S W, arid at its N E end 
 has communication with Berbazon Lake, 
 which lies due N and S. At the S end 
 of the latter, the waters of both lakes run 
 E under the name of Seal river, which 
 empties into Hudfon's Bay at Churchill 
 Fori, between Button's Bay on the N and 
 Cape Churchill on the S E. Both lakes 
 are long and narrow. 
 
 Shediac, a harbour on the E coaft of N. 
 Brunfwick, and on the W fide of the Gulf 
 ■ of St. Lawrence ; Si miles S E of Mirami- 
 chi Bay. 
 
 Sheepfiot or 'Sheep/cut, a fmail rivcr of 
 Maine, which -empties into the ocean to 
 the E of Kennebeck, and is navigable 20 
 - or 30 miles. On the W fide of this river 
 is the excellent port of Wifcafiet. New- 
 calHe towniliip is at the head of naviga- 
 . tion on this river, and extends from Sheepf- 
 cot to Damarifcotta river. The compact 
 partis 10 miles NE of WifcalTet. Sheepf- 
 cot harbour has high water, at full and 
 change, 45 minutes after 10 o'clock ; 
 depth, 9 fathoms. 
 
 Sheep^s Cove, on the E coaft of New- 
 foundland, lies between Bay Robert and 
 Fort Grave. 
 
 S/jcJic'ld, a townfliip in the N part of 
 Caledonia CO. Vermont. It has 170 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Sheffield, a poft town of Maflaehufetts, 
 Berkihire co. 30 miles S E of Hudlbn ■ in 
 N. York, 145 W S W of Botton, and 362 
 from Wafliington. Ic was incorporated 
 iii I733> and contains 2050 inhabitants. 
 Houfatonic river, which is nuie rods in 
 breadth, paffes through it from N to S, 
 which with its branches fupply water for 
 feveral mills and iron works. Scuth 
 Mountain extends the whole length of the 
 town, along the E fide of the rivcr. 
 
 Shelburne, a townlhip of Vermont, Chit- 
 tenden CO. on the E nde of Lake Cham- 
 plain. It has Burlington on the N, and 
 Charlotte on the S, and contains 723 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Shelburne, an interior townfaip in Graf- 
 ton CO. N. Hampfliire. It v/as incorpo- 
 rated in 1 769, and contains 45 inhabicants. 
 
 Shdburne, a townfliip in Hampfhire co. 
 Maflaehufetts, adjoining Greenfield, 98 
 miles W of Bofton, containing 1079 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 SLelhurne, a town of Nova Scotia, at the 
 head of a bay which runs up from Port 
 Rofeway, at the S W part of the province. 
 In 1 783, it contained 600 families, but is 
 sow lefs populous. It is 18 miles N E of 
 
 Barrington, and 88 SW by S of Halifax, 
 
 Shelby, a CO. of Kentucky, bounded N 
 by Henry, W by Bullet, E by Franklin, 
 and S by Nelfon. It is watered by fev- 
 eral dreams which fall into Salt river. 
 It contains 89:^9 inhabitants, of whom 
 1409 are flave*. 
 
 ShelbyoiUc, H poft town In Shelby co. 
 Kentucky, 581 miles from Walliingtcn. 
 
 Sheldon, (formerly Hunger/ord^ a poll 
 town in Franklin co. Vermont, containing 
 408 inhabitants, 7 miles S of Canada line, 
 14 E of Lake Champk:in, and 579 from 
 Waflilngxono . 
 
 Shelter Ifar.d, at the E end of Long I. in 
 Suffolk CO. N. York, lies 3 leagues W of 
 Gardner's I. Ic is about 5 miles from E / 
 to W, and 7 from N to S. It is a fruitful 
 fpot, containing about 8000 acres ; was 
 incorporated in 1788, .and contains 201 
 inhabitants of whom 34 are eled:ors. 
 Conliderable numbers of. cattle, flieep 
 and poultry are raifed here. When you 
 leave Shelter Iflandon your larboard 
 hand, and run W by N about 5 or 6 mile s, 
 you will open a large bay where 100 fail 
 of veffels may lie i'afe, and anchor in 3 
 or 4 fathom?. 
 
 Shenandoah^ a CO, of Virginia, bounded N 
 by Frederick, and S by Rockingham, ft 
 contains 11,809 free inhabkanit, chiefly 
 Germans. Chief town, Woodftock. 
 
 Shenandoah, a river of Virginia, which 
 rifes in Augufta co. and after running a N 
 E courfe of'about 200 miles, joins the Pa- 
 towmack in about lat-. 38 4> juft before 
 the latter burli^ through the Blue Ridge. 
 It is compofed of 4 branches, S. river, 
 middle river, N. river, and Shenandoah, 
 which is the fmaiiefl branch; but gives its 
 nil me to the united .flreams. It is naviga- 
 ble about 100 miles ; and may be render- 
 ed fo nearly its vv^hole courfe at a fmali ex- 
 penfe. When this is done, it will bear the 
 produce of the richefl: part of the ftate to 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Shenandoah Valley, extends from Win- 
 chefter, in Virginia, to Carlide and the 
 Sufquehannah, i;n Pennfylvania, and is 
 chiefly inhabited by Germans and Dutch. 
 
 Shepherdijield, Maine ; noW H-hron. 
 
 Shephcrdjhivn, a pofl town of Virginia, 
 In Jefferfon co. on the S fide of Patowuiack 
 R. Its fituation is heatthy and agreeable, 
 and the neighbouring country is fertile 
 and well cultivated. It contains 1033 
 inhabitants, moilly of German extrac?cion. 
 It lies feveral miles above ehe mouvh of 
 Shenandoah R. oppofite to Sharplburg ; 
 
 loml^es 
 
SHI 
 
 SHO 
 
 lo miles E by S of Martinfburg, and 7.3 
 from. Wailiington. 
 
 ShiphsrJfville, a pofl towa v\ Biillet CO. 
 Kentucky, 640 miles from Wafliingcon. 
 
 Sherburne, dL poft town in Chenango co. 
 N.York, has izSi inhabitants, 43 a miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Sberbur.isy in MaiTachufetts ; fee Nan- 
 tnckst. 
 
 Sherhurne, Z town in MiJdlefex CO. 
 MaiTachufetts, has 776 inhabitants, 18 
 milci S W of Bofton. 
 
 Sh::r!}:iri:^, a town of N. York,Herkemer 
 CO. By the ftate cenfus of v 796, it con- 
 tained 483 inhabitants. 
 
 Sherburne, a towa in Rutland cc. Ver- 
 mont. See Ktllington. 
 
 Shsfi'-quirts a poli town in Luzerne co. 
 Pennfyirania,34Z miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Shetiickd, a river of ConneAicur, which 
 13 formed by the jundlion of Willomantic 
 and Alount Hope rivers, and after run- 
 ning E a few miles, purfues a fouihern 
 courfe, and uniting \vith Quinnabaug R.. 
 empties into the Thames in the S part of 
 the townfliip of Norwich. 
 
 ShetvangtiMk. See Rhaiviivyigunk. 
 
 Shimem Port, on the N fide of the ifland 
 of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 Its entrance, W of St. Peter's harbour, is 
 very narrovv' ; but the bafon within is 
 \tr^ fpacious. 
 
 Shining Mountains, bounding Louifiana 
 on the W, are little known. It is con- 
 jectured that they terminate in about lat. 
 47 or 48 N, where a number of rivers 
 rife; and empty themfelves either into the 
 N. Pacific Ocean, into Hudfon's Bay, in- 
 to the waters which lie between them, or 
 into the Atlantic Ocean. They are call- 
 ed alfo the Mountains of Bright Stones, on 
 account of the immenfe number of large 
 cryftals, fliooting from the rocks, and 
 fparkling in the rays of the fun, fo as to 
 be feen at a great diftance. 
 
 Ship Jjland, lies I>etv/een Horn and Cat 
 Ifland, on the coaft of W. Florida, and is 
 about 10 miles S of the Bay of Biloxi. It 
 is 9 miles long and a broad ; produces 
 pine trees and grafs, and has a tolerable 
 •w^ll of water in it. 
 
 Ship Jjland, U. Canada, is of very fmall 
 extent, between the Bafs idands, and Cun- 
 ningham's ifland in la'se Erie. 
 
 Shlplcn, a very flourifliing townfliip of 
 excellent land, in L Canada, on the E 
 ban's, of the St. Francis, 20 miles N "VV of 
 Aicot, 50 S E of St. Francis village. It 
 has about 350 inhabitants. The townfhip 
 extends ove.- the river Nicole:, another 
 
 fine river which empties into tlie St. Lav.'- 
 rence. Thefe rivers run nearly parallel 
 with each other and have fails which 
 eventually wilt be locked, and are now 
 palled in birch Indian canoes '\t< which 
 heavy articles are tranfported. A road 
 is cut and cleared on the banks of the St. 
 Francis, from Afcot to the St> Lawrence. 
 Anothei road from Shipton caflerly to 
 the Chaudier, and thence to Quebec, has 
 been begun, and it is expected v/ill be 
 completed in a few years 
 
 Shiphandjio-vn, in Virginia, on the S fide 
 of the Patowmack, 40 or 50 miles from 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Shippenjluygh, a pofl town of Pennfylva- 
 nia, Cumberl.md co on a branch of Con- 
 edogninnet Creek, which empties in- 
 to the Sufquehannah ; and contains 
 about 200 houfes, cliiefiy built of flone. 
 It derives its name from its proprietor, 
 John Shippen, Efq. of Philadelphia, who 
 has leafed out the phice in fmall houfe 
 lots on ground rents from 1 to 4 dollars a 
 year. There are three meeting houfes in 
 the place, one for Seceders, one German, 
 and one Methodifl. It has 1045 inhabit- 
 ants. It is 21 miles N by E of Chamberf- 
 burg, a like diflance S W of CarliHe, and 
 146 W of Philadelphia. 
 
 Shippigan Ifland, on the Gulf of St. I.,aw- 
 rence, on the S fide of Chaleur Bay, S W 
 of, and feparated by a narrow channel, 
 from Milcou ifland. 
 
 Shirli-y, a townfliip of MafTachufetts, in 
 the N W part of Middlefex co. 41 miles 
 N W of Boflon. It was incorporated in 
 1753, and contains 713 inhabitants. 
 
 Shirley, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, 
 Huntingdon co. has 95.8 inhabitants. 
 
 Shoals, Jf.cs of, are 7 in number, fituated 
 on the coafl of N. Hampfliire ; to which 
 the celebrated Capt. John Smith gave his 
 ovvn name, but the ingratitude of man has 
 denied his memory that fmall honor. The 
 line which divides A-Iaine from N. Hamp- 
 fhire, paOes betwen thefe iflands, leaving 
 part in one of thefe Sates and part in 
 the other. They are inhabited by a- 
 bout 140 fiilierrnen, who are poor, and 
 are fiipplied with a religious teacher, by 
 the fociety for propagating the gofp^jK 
 They have a meeting houfe (which fcrves 
 for a land mark for feanicn) and a parfon- 
 age houfe erei5led by charity. Thefe if]- 
 ands are ch'eflv a barren rock, having 
 very little foil. Before the revolutionary, 
 war, the number of inhabitants on thefe 
 i Hands was about 6co. From Ifle of Shoals 
 to the Dry Salvage, Rock, the courfes is 
 
SHU 
 
 SIL 
 
 g ^ W 8 leagues ; to Portrmouth N N W 
 3 leagues ; to Newburyport Bar S W 7 
 leagues ; to York harbour N 4; E J leagues. 
 N iat. 41 59, \V Ion. 70 2^- 
 
 Sboeneck, a Moravian fettlement in 
 Penni'ylvania, near Nazareth ; begun in 
 
 Sboreham, a townfliip of Vermont, Ad- 
 dilbn CO. on tiie E fide of Lake Cham- 
 plain, having Orweli on the S, and Brid- 
 port on the N, a little N E of Ticondero- 
 ga. It contains 1447 inhabitants. 
 
 Shreivfjury, a pofk town of N. Jerfey, 
 Monmouth co. on the fea .board, having 
 Middietowu on the N, Freehold W, and 
 D.>vcr h V/. North river divides it from 
 IMiiidletown, and is navigable a few miles. 
 This town is 15 miles N E by E of Mon-^ 
 mouth court houfe, 14 S E of Middletown 
 Point, 33 S E by E of Brunfwick, 79 E N 
 E of Philadeipliia, and 223 from Waih- 
 irigton, I'lie compact part of the town 
 J3 plealant, and contains an Epifcopal and 
 a Prefbytcrian church, and a meeting 
 houfc for Friends. On the fide of a 
 branch of Navelink river, in this town, is 
 a cave, in which are 3 rooms, arched with 
 foft por ms rock, through which the moif- 
 ture (lowly exudes, and falls in drops on 
 the fand below. The tov/nfliip contained 
 4673 inhabitants, in 1790. Much gen- 
 teel company from Philadelphia and N. 
 York refort here during the fummor 
 months, for health and pleafure. 
 
 SJjrei.i>j1ury, a townfhip of Vermont, in 
 Rutland CO. between Clarendon on the W, 
 and Saltafli on the E, and contains 748 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Shrezijbiiry, a townfliip in York co. 
 Pcnafylvania, has 1305 inhabitants. 
 
 Shretvjhury^ 3. townfliip in Worcefler 
 CO. Maffachufetts ; 6 miles E of Worcef- 
 ter, and 40 W by S of Bofton. It was 
 incorporated in 17.47, and contains 1048 
 inhabitants. The average number of 
 deaths in the town has been ii or 12 
 in a year for 40 years pafl:, the births a- 
 bout 30, marriages 8. About one to fifty 
 of the people is 80 years of age. la 1 798 
 died here Mrs. Mary Jones, in the 105th 
 year of her age. 
 
 Shtidenacudie, a tiver of Nova Scotia, 
 which rifes within a mile of the town of 
 Dartmouth, on the E fide of Halifax har- 
 bour, and empties into Cobequid Bay, 
 taking in its courfe the Slewiack and 
 Gay's rivers. The great lake- of the fame 
 name lies on the E fide of the road 
 which leads from Halifax to Windfor, 
 
 and about 7 miles from it, and 21 from 
 Halifax. 
 
 Slntujhury^ a townfliip of Maffachufetts, 
 Hampfliire co. on the E fide of Connecti- 
 cut river, about 16 miJes N E of North- 
 ampton, and 90 W by N of Boflon, con- 
 taining 930 inhabitants. 
 
 Sidra^ or Seara, a town on the N E coafl: 
 of Brazil, in the cantainlbip of its name. 
 S Iat. 3 30, W Ion. 39 50. Andrew Vidal, 
 of Negreiros, was chief magidrate ofj this 
 city in the year 1772, in the 124th year 
 of his age, and difcharged his duty as a 
 judge to entire fatisfacfcion ; and died a 
 yeas after, in full pofleihon of his mental 
 powers. In 1773, 189 of his defcendantt 
 were ailive. 
 
 Sibalu't^s, iilands on the coaft of Patago- 
 nia. S Iat. 50 s?>-, W Ion. 59 35. 
 
 Sibau JJIitnds, on the coafl of Cape Bre- 
 ton liland, lie ofTthe S point of Port Dau- 
 phin, and afford good anchorage. 
 
 Sicca Punto, or Dry Pointy on the coafl of 
 the Spanifli main, is the N W limit of 
 Triefte Bay, and foutherly of the ifland of 
 Curacao. 
 
 Sicba/i, formerly a fettlement of the 
 Moravians on the E line of N. York ; 25 
 miles E S E of Kingff on, on Hudfon's river. 
 
 Sidney, a town of N. York, in Delaware 
 CO. having Sufquehannah river for its N 
 bovmdary. 
 
 Sidney, a pofl town of Maine, Lincoln 
 CO. on the E fide of Kennebeck river op- 
 pofite Vaffalboro. 
 
 Sidney To'wnjhip, in the county of Haft- 
 ings, U. Canada, is fituated at the head of 
 the bay of Quintc immediately above 
 Thurlow. 
 
 Sidelins Hill, a range of hills which lie 
 in the N W part of Maryland, b( tween 
 Alleghany and Walliington counties, which 
 are divided by the creek of the fame name. 
 
 Sierre Mad re. See Andes. 
 
 Silver Bluff", a confiderable heigiit upoa 
 the Carolina fhore of Savannah river ; 
 perhaps 30 feet higher than the low lands 
 on the oppofite fhore, which are fubjetSt 
 to inundations in the fpring and fall. This 
 fteep bank rifes perpendicularly out of 
 the river, difcovering various ftrata of 
 earth. The furface of the ground upon 
 this bluff, which extends nearly two miles 
 on the river, and from half a mile to a 
 mile in breadth, is nearly level, and a good 
 fertile foil, as appears h^j the vait oaks, 
 hickory, mulberry, black walnut, and 
 other trees and flirubs left flanding in the 
 old fields which are fprcad abroad to a 
 
 great 
 
SIN 
 
 SIX 
 
 •rcat diftance. Here are various veftiges 
 of the ancients ; as Indian conical mounts, 
 terraces areas, <Scc, as weii as traces of 
 fortreiles of regular formation, as if con- 
 ftrucled after the modes of European mil- 
 itary archite(5ls ; which fome fuppol'e to 
 be the ancient camps of the Spaniards, 
 who formerly fixed themfeives heie, in 
 hopes of fmdiug iilver. 
 
 Simcoe Laki, formerly lake aux Clales, 
 is lituated between York and Gloucefter, 
 ■upon lake Huron U. Canada ; it has a few 
 fmall iflands, and feverai good harbours ; 
 a vefTel has been built for tlie purpofe of 
 facilitating the communication to lake 
 Huron by that rout. This was fo named 
 ■by Lieut. General Simcoe, from refptdt to 
 liis father, the late Capt. Simcoe of the 
 Royal Navy, who died in the river St. 
 JLawrence on the expedition to Quebec in 
 1739. In the year 1755, this able ofHcer 
 hcul furniflied government with the plan 
 of operations againfl Quebec, which then 
 took place ; at the time of his death, Capt. 
 Cook the celebrated circumnavigator, was 
 "mafter of his fliip, the Pembroke. STnyih. 
 
 Simons,, St. the eaftcrnmofi: of the 3 large 
 iflands at the mouth of the Alatamaha riv- 
 er in Georgia, having on the N N E, Little 
 St. Simon s IJlund ; and between thefe is 
 ti\Q eaftern mouth of the river. The 
 fouthern end of the iiland is near the N 
 mouth of the Alatamaha. Formerly a 
 flrong battery was ere^Hied here, for the 
 defence of Jekyl Sound, in which 10 or i a 
 forty gun fhips may ride in fafety. Tills 
 -iiland is about 45 miles in length, and 
 from two to four in breadth ; has a rich 
 and fruitful foil, full of oak and hickory 
 trees, intermixed with meadows and old 
 Indian fields. In the middle of the Ifland 
 is the town of FrederIca, The bar or 
 ' entrance of St. Simon's is S by W 19 
 leagues from Tybee Inlet. 
 
 Simons Fori, St. at the S end of St. 
 Simon's Ifland, Is 9 or 10 miles from the 
 St. Simond's Bar, and Is remarkable for 
 its white appearance. 
 
 Simjbury, a pofl: town of Connedlcut, 
 in Hartford co. 14 miles N W of Hartford. 
 Copper ore has been found here. It has 
 ^963 Inhabitants, and is 386 miles from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 Sinclair River, U. Canada, runs from N 
 .•to S, being the ftrait between lake Huron, 
 4ind lake St. Clair. 
 
 Sinemahoning, a N weftemmoft branch 
 of Sufquehannah river. 
 
 Sinepuxent, a very long bay on the S E 
 '«oaft.of Maryland ; a number of long and 
 
 narrow iflands feparating it from fhe At«- 
 lantic Ocean. Sicepuxent Inlet, is m 
 about lat. 38 10 30 N, and nearly iz miles 
 E of the town of Snowhill. 
 
 Sing Sing, an inconlid<rable village on 
 the E fide of Haverftraw Bay, in W. 
 Chefter co. 3^ miles N of N. York city. 
 
 Sitiica, a confiderable Cherokee town, 
 en the banks of Keowee river. The 
 houfes on the E fide are on an elevated 
 iltuation, and command a delightful and 
 extenfive profpect of the whole fettlement. 
 I'he inhabitants, about joo in number^ 
 can muflrer 100 warriors. 
 
 Sinking Spring galley. See Bald Eagle 
 Falhy. 
 
 Sino, or SiAu, a bay on the N coaft of 
 Terra Firma. There is alfo a town of 
 the fame name on the S fide of the Gulf 
 of MorofquiUo, about 66 miles N E of St. 
 Sebaftian, and 40 S W of Tohi. 
 
 Sicus, or Sioux, a powerful nation of 
 Indians, confifting of tliree dlfierent tribes, 
 which can furnifh 9500 warriors ; the 
 Sious, who inhabit the head waters of the 
 MifTilippi and MliTourl, 3000 warriors ; 
 the Sious of the Meadows, 2500, and the 
 Sious of tlie Woods, 4000. The two laft 
 inhabit on the head and weftern waters 
 of the MiffiiippI, and the iflands of Lake 
 Superior. 
 
 Sipfcys, a branch of Tombeckbee river 
 in Georgia, which runs a S W by S courfe. 
 Its mouth is in about lat. 31 $s ^■t ^^^ 4® 
 miles N by W of the upper mouth of Ala^ 
 bama river. 
 
 Sir Charles Hardy s IJland, In the S Paci- 
 fic Ocean, was difcovered in 1767, by 
 Captain Carteret. It Is low, level, and 
 covered with v;^ood. S lat. 4 41, W Ion. 
 154 20. 
 
 Sir Charles Saunders^ IJland, In the fame 
 ocean, and difcovered by the fame navi- 
 gator. Is about two leagues in length from 
 EtoW. S lat< 17 28, W Ion. 151 4. 
 
 Sirius, a fmall ifland in the fame ocean, 
 difcovered by Lieutenant Ball, in I79Z- 
 It is about 18 miles in circuit. S lat. 10 
 S2, W ion. i6a 30. 
 
 Si/al, on the N coafl: of Yucatan, in the 
 Gulf of Mexico, is 4 leagues W of Lin- 
 chanchee, and 8 E of Cape Condccedo. It 
 is the highefl: lookout on the whole coafl:. 
 
 Sijfthou, Nova Scotia, lies on the E fide 
 of St. Mary's Bay, a8 miles S E of An- 
 napolis. 
 
 Sijle/s Ferry, a village In S. Carolina, 
 
 25 miles from Coofawatchie, and io» 
 
 from Charlefton. 
 
 J She Mens Bay, on the W fide 61 the Ifl- 
 
 ^ and 
 
SIT 
 
 SKE 
 
 aiid of Barbadoes, near the N end. It lies 
 between Sunderland Foit S, and Six 
 Men's Fort N. 
 
 Six Nations, a confederacy of Indian 
 nations, fo called by the Britifli and A- 
 mericans. The French call them Iroquois. 
 Formcrlvthey were called the Five Nations, 
 five only being joined in that alliance ; 
 but they now confilt of fix nations, and 
 call themfelves Aganvfckioniy that is, the 
 United People. Some call them Mingos ; 
 others Maquais. Thefe fix nation&are the 
 I'vlohaivks^ Oneidas^ Onondagas, Stnecus^ Ciiy- 
 Kgas^ and Tufcaroras. The latter joined 
 the confederacy 80 years ago. In the 
 late war with Great Britain, they were 
 allies ofthat power, and in 1779 they were 
 entirely defeated by the troops of Con- 
 . grefs, and their towns all deftroycd. 
 They now live on grounds called the 
 ftate Refervations, which are Intermedi- 
 ate fpaccs fettled on all fides by white 
 people. In their prefent cramped fitua- 
 tion, they cannot keep together a great 
 while. They will probably quit the U. 
 States and retire over the lakes Ontario 
 and Eric- All the Mohawks and the 
 greater part of the Cayugas, have already 
 removed into Canada. The number of 
 fouls in all the fix nations was, in 1796, 
 4058. The Stockbridge and Brothertnn 
 Indians, who now live among them, ad- 
 ded, make the whole number 4508, of 
 '.vhom 760 live in Canada, the reft in the 
 United Srates. By a treaty made in 1 794, 
 between the United States on the one 
 part, and the Six Nations and their Indian 
 friends refiding with them, on the other 
 jiart, it was ftipulated that " the fum of 
 4500 dollars fliould be expended annual- 
 ly and for ever, in purchaling clothing, 
 domeftic animals, implements of hufbau- 
 dry^ and other utenfils, and in compenfat- 
 ing ufeful artificers who Ilia 11 relide 
 among them, and be employed for their 
 benefit." This allowance is under the 
 diret^lion of a I'uperiutendant, and is not 
 diftributed for any private purpofes. It is 
 apportioned among them according to 
 their numbers, in order to which, there 
 is annually taken an exa<5t cenfus of 
 all thefe Indians. In 1796, the Friends 
 commonly called Quakers, in their benev- 
 olence and zeal to promote the welfare 
 of thefe Indians, raifed a fund to fupport 
 a number of their fociety, who offered to 
 go and rtfide among them, with a view 
 to promote their civilization, moral im- 
 provement, and real welfare. A commit- 
 tee of their focictjr was appointed to ac- 
 
 company thefe friends to humanity, ani' 
 they were actually on the fpot,and com- 
 menced their work of charity in July of 
 this year. The ftate of N. York have 
 taken thefe Indians under their protec- 
 tion, and appointed commilTioners to take 
 care that they receive no wrong fromin- 
 tereft'ed individuals.' 
 
 Skaneatet£s, af lake in Onondago co. N.- 
 York, 14 miles long, and i mile wide 
 where broadeft. It waters the military 
 townfliips of Marctllus and Senipronius, 
 and fends its waters northerly to Seneca 
 river. 
 
 Skentciady:, an ancient and refpe(Slablc 
 city in Albany co. N. York, i6 miles N 
 W of Albany city, pleafantly fituated in 
 a vale bordered with hills to the fouth- 
 ward and eafcward, on the margin of Mo- 
 hawk river. The houfes between 300 
 and 400 in number, are compacTtly built, 
 chiefly of brick, on regular ftreets, in the 
 old Dutch ftlL, on the S fide of the river : 
 few of them are elegatit. The public 
 buildings are a Dutch, Prefbyterian and 
 an Epifcopal church, and a large and 
 handfome college edifice. The windinf^* 
 of the river, through the town and fields 
 which are often overflowed in the fpring» 
 afford a rich and charming profpe(i 
 about harvcft time. This town, being at 
 the foot of navigation, on a long river 
 which palfes through a very fine country 
 rapidly fettling, it would be natural to 
 conclude, would embrace much of its com- 
 merce ; but originally knowing no other 
 than the fur trade, which, fmce the rev- 
 olution, has almoft ceafcd, and having 
 taken no advantage of it* happy fitua- 
 tion for other commerce, the place has 
 very confiderably decayed. The chief 
 bufinefs of this town now is .to receive 
 the merchandife from Albany, and put / 
 it into batteaux to go up the river, and 
 forv/ard to Albany the returns from the 
 back country. Sgq Mohaxvk Rimer, Un~ 
 ion College was eftabiiibed and incorpo- 
 rated here in 1794, and is under the di- 
 redlion of 24 truftees. It took its name 
 from the union of various denomination.^- 
 of Chriftians in its eftablifliment. The 
 Dutch were, however, by far the moft. 
 liberal benefactors to this inftitution. It 
 is well fituated for the conveniency of 
 the northern and weftern parts of the 
 ftate. In June, 1796, there were 40 fiu- 
 dents, divided into 4 clafies, viz. i lau- 
 ;^uages, z hiftory and belles Icttres, ^ 
 mathematics, 4 phiiofophy. The ?.anUf*i 
 expcnfe of education here, inciudii^ 
 
 boari. 
 
S KE 
 
 SLA 
 
 uks V 
 
 cUls. 
 a I, .101 
 
 49K3 
 
 cts. 
 
 6 
 
 i3S(> 45 
 
 35CO 
 
 board, tuition, &c. is Icfs than too dollars. 
 The property of the college in 1796 con- 
 liftcd in various articles, to the following 
 amount, viz. 
 Bonds and mortgages, "y 
 
 producing an annual C 
 
 intereft of 7 per cent, j 
 Subfcriptions, and othi 
 
 debts due on the book: 
 
 of the treafurer. 
 Calli appropriated for 
 
 the purchafe of books. 
 Houfe and lot for the 
 
 prelident. 
 Lot for the fcite of the 
 
 college. 
 Houfe and lot heretofore 
 
 occupied for the -.icad- 
 
 emy, a donation from 
 
 the confiflory of tiie 
 
 Dutch church. 
 Books, &c. in the po^Tcf- 
 
 fion of the truftecs, 
 
 and on the w:iy from 
 
 Europe. 
 Cafli appropriated by the 
 
 regents for tlie pur- 
 chafe of books in tki 
 
 hands of the commit- 
 tee. 
 Legacy by Abraham 
 
 Yates, jun. Efq. of 
 
 Albany. 
 
 3^50 
 
 5000 
 
 2381 99 
 
 4C0 
 
 250 
 
 42,^2Z 60 
 
 And 1604 acres of land. The faculty of 
 the college confifled, In 1797, of the prel- 
 ident and one tutor ; and the falary of 
 the former w^ith an houfe for his family, 
 is ifoodoUars, andof thelatter665dollars 
 per annum, with an additional allowance 
 at prefent of 250 dollars, on account of 
 the extraordinary price of the neceflaries 
 ■of life. There were, in 1797, 37 Undents, 
 eight Tn the clafs of languages, twenty in 
 the clafs of hlflory and belles lettres, fix 
 in the clafs of mathematics, and three in 
 the clafs of philofophy. The courfe of 
 ftudies is, the firft year Virgil, Cicero's 
 orations, Greek Teftament, Lucian, Ro- 
 man antiquities, arithmetic and Eugiitii 
 grammar ; thp fccond year, geography, 
 and the ufe of the globes, Roman hiflory. 
 hiCtory of America, and the Americai; 
 revolution, Xenophon, Horace, criticifm 
 and eloquence ; the third year, the vari- 
 ous branches of nn.thematic?. and vulgn; 
 and decimal fracSlions, and the e:ctra6tio 
 iBf the roots, geometry, algebra, trigonom- 
 etry, aavigation, nienfuration, Xenophon 
 
 ! continued, and Homer ; and the fourth 
 i and lafl: year, natural philofophy, the con- 
 j fbtuiion of the United States and of the 
 I different States, metaphyfics, or at leafl: 
 j that part which treats of' the philofophy 
 j of the human mind, Horace continued, 
 i and Longinus ; and during the courfe 
 1 of thefe (tudics, the attention of the ciaf- 
 I fcs is particularly required to elocution 
 I and compofition in the Englifli language. 
 I A provifion is alio madcj for fubftituting 
 j the knowledge of the French language in- 
 I ftead of the Greek, in certain cafes, if the 
 j funds flaould hereafter admit ofinftitut- 
 ing a French profcfforfliip. The library 
 conlifted of about 1000 volumes, and ^T^co 
 was appropriated to the purchafcof a phi- 
 lolbphical apparatus. The city of Sk«nec- 
 t'.dy contains at this time 5289 inhabit- 
 ants. It is 416 miles from Walhington. 
 Siene^doroug/j,hiWa(\\'n\gton co. N.York, 
 on Wood Creek, on the S fide of S. Bay. 
 'i'his is a place through which moft of the 
 communication and trade between tlic 
 counties on Lake Champlain and Hud- 
 fon's river palTes. It has, however, very 
 bad water, and is unhealthy in fummer. 
 It is about 8 miles E by N of Fort George, 
 and 6 N by E of Fort x'^nn. The fortifir 
 cations here were deftroyedby Gen. Bur- 
 goyne, in July, 1777. It islnthetown- 
 Ibip of Whitehall, which fee. 
 
 Skippack, a townfliip in Montgomery 
 county, Pennfylvania, on Pcrkimy creek. 
 Sklpton, a village on the N fide of Pa- 
 towmac river, about 1 1 miles S E of Fort 
 Cumberland, and 28 S of Bedford la 
 Pennfylvania. 
 
 Skitikifs, a bay of about 8 leagues ex- 
 tent on the E fide of Wafnington's Ifles, 
 on the N W coafl of N. America, N of 
 Cumberland Harbour. The opening is 
 in lat. about 5^ Tj. 
 
 Skupper?ioTi^, a fmall river of N. Caroli- 
 na. A canal was finiflied in 1790, which 
 connedls the waters of this ftream with 
 the lake in Difmal Swamp, on the S fide 
 of Albemarle Sound. 
 
 Shttock Hil'sy in Hancock co. Maine, 
 lie N N V. of the harbour of Gouldibor- 
 ough. In failing from Mount Defcrt to 
 Gouldfborough, you muft fteer N N E for 
 thefe hills, which are more remarkable 
 than any in the eaftern country. There 
 arc 5 of them, and at a diftance they ap- 
 pear round. 
 
 Slabionvn, a village in Burlington co. N. 
 Jerfey, about halfway between Burling- 
 ton and ^^unt Holly, 4 or j Iniles from 
 each. 
 
 Slaughter 
 
SMI 
 
 SMY 
 
 Slaughter Creek, on the K fide.of Chcfsi- 
 peak Bay, Dorcbeftcr cc. Maryland. 
 Slaujher^ Fort, or Little Niagara. 
 Slave Lake %x\d Riyer, ill the N W part 
 of N. America. The lake is exttiilive and 
 ^ives rife to M'Keazie's river, wliich emp- 
 ties into the Frozen Oceifu, and receives 
 the river of its name from the W end of 
 Athapefcow Lake ; belide many other 
 rivers from^ various direcStions. Slave 
 river ruiw a N W by N ' courle, and is a 
 mile wide. The S end of Slave Lake is 
 6i N lat. and the center of the lake h m 
 tibout Ion. 115 \V. The northern ba/is 
 40 leagues deep, and 6 fathoms w4ter. 
 The lake is faid to be aoo miles J<^>"?t' 1^° 
 broad. The Dogribbed Indians iniuibit 
 the N iliore of this lake. See Athapuf- 
 cow lake, which Pinkerton fuppofcs to be 
 the fame with this. j 
 
 Slcciring IJlaiid, ou the coaft of New- \ 
 fouudland. 
 
 Slokums LJiand, is the third of the JEliz- ] 
 abeth lllands in magnitude, being about i 
 5 miles in circuit. It lies oil' Buzzard's j 
 Bay, ill Barnflible co. MaiTachufctts, and 
 \V of Tinker's Ifland. 
 
 Slufitr, Fort. See ScIJopr. 
 &fnaU Point, ou the coaft of Lincoln co. 
 Maine, forms the E limit of Cafco Bay, 
 and lies N E of Cape Elizabeth, the weft- 
 crii limit. 
 
 Zmith, a townfliip in Walliington co. 
 Pennfylvania, has 1654 inhabitants. 
 
 Smith, -A county of Tenefl'ee, which con- 
 tains 4294 inhabitants, 597 being ihives. 
 
 Smithf.eld,-A\iwsA\ pofttcwn of Virginia, on 
 Pagan Creek, wliich empties into Jameo* 
 river, in lile of Wight co; It is 8^ miles S 
 E of Richmond, 364 S S W of Philadel- 
 phia, and ai8 from Wailiington. I'he 
 creek is navigable for Vefleis of 20 tons. 
 SmitbJieU, a poft town, and the capital 
 of Johni'on co. N. Caroiiixa, on the E fide 
 of Neus river, on a beautiful plain, about 
 100 miles N \V of Newbern, 25 from Ra- 
 leigh, 473 from Philadelphia, and 3^* 
 from Wailiington. Kear the centre of 
 the town is an Indian burying place, once 
 in the form of a cone 1 6 feet high; 30 
 feet in diameter, l)ut the people having 
 often dug in it for GurioHties, its elevation 
 now is not more than 5 or 6 feet. 
 
 SmitkficlJ, a very thriving town in Trum- 
 bull CO. State of Ohio, on the weftern lake 
 of Pennfylvania, about equidiftant from 
 Lake Erie and the S line of the county, 
 about 65 miles W of Pittlburgh. 
 
 SmithfuU, Middle :xyA Loi.ver^ tWO tOV/n- 
 fliips in Wayne co. Pennfylvania, contain- 
 ing one490,andthe other jSjiiihab'lants. 
 Vol. I. £ b b b 
 
 Smithfield, a townfliip of Rhode Ifland 
 Providence co. having the State of Mafla- 
 chufetts on the isf, and Cumberland on 
 the N E. Here are extenhve orchard* ; 
 and great quantities of flone lime aie 
 made, and carried to Provixlence and 
 other places. It contains 3120 inhabiiants. 
 Smitbland/A. poiit town in Livingllon co. 
 Kentucky, 851 miles from Wailiington. 
 
 Smith'' s Capi, the N point of the entrance 
 into the fea called the New Difcovercd 
 Sea, and the S \7 point of the illnnd form- 
 ed by that fea or lound, which communi- 
 cates with Hudlbn's Straits. It is on the 
 E iide of liudfon's Bay. N lat. 60 48, 
 W Ion. 80 SS- 
 
 Smiih\- JJhnd, on th£ coafc of N. Caroli- 
 na. See Cape Fear, and B.ild Head. 
 
 S-mltli's Jftund, the fouthernmofl; of the 
 range of iilands, in the Atlantic Ocean, 
 along the coaft of Norihamptoii and Ac- 
 comack counties, Virginia. It is near 
 the S point of Cape Charles. Here fliips 
 1 frequently come to anchor to wait for 
 I pilots to conduct them into ChefapeakBay. 
 I Smithes IJlts, the range of lllands which 
 j line the above coaft. They weie fo 
 j named in i6o8, in honor of Captain John 
 1 Smith, Avho landed on the peninfula, an^ 
 I was kindly received by Accomack, the 
 prince of the peninfula, part of which 
 ftlll bears liis name. 
 
 Smith's LJland, a fmall ifland at the E 
 end of the ifland of Antigua, and in Ex- 
 change Bay. Alfo the name of an ifland 
 in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by 
 li Lieutenant Bail,, in the year 1790. S 
 j lat. 9 44, W Ion. 161 54. 
 j Smith's Point, is tlie fouthern limit of 
 I the mouth of Patowmack river, on the 
 I V/ fide of Chefapeak Bay, oppofite the 
 I northern head land, called Point Lockout, 
 I and in about lat. 37 54 N. 
 
 Smith's. See Staunton River Virginia. 
 ! Smith's SouTid, Oil the E coaft of New- 
 I foundlaud I. bounded N by Cape Bona- 
 I venture. 
 
 Smithfield, Maj^ie, now Litchjidd. 
 Smitbiozvn, a fmall port town of Suffolk 
 CO. Long I. N. Yoik^ 52 miles S eafterly of 
 N. York city. The townfliip is bound- 
 ed S by iilip, W by Huntiivgton, Nby the 
 Sound, and E by Brookhavcu. It con- 
 tains 1413 inha!>itants, 
 
 SmithvilU, the chief town of Brunfwick 
 CO. N. Carolina, fituated near the mouth 
 of Cape Fear river, about 30 miles S of 
 Wilmington. Here is an academy, from 
 which, iheie is u vicv>' of the ocean. 
 Smyrna, Nczv^ a iliriving tcwn in E, 
 fkrida. 
 
soc 
 
 SOD 
 
 Florida. It 13 iituated on- a irfielly bluff, 
 on the V/ bank of the S branch of Mof- 
 quico river ; about lO miles above th.j 
 Capes of that river, about 30 miles N of 
 Cape Canaveral, and in lat. 28 N. It is 
 inhabited by a colony of Greeks and 
 Minorquies, eftabliilied by Dr. TurnbuU. 
 Bartram. 
 
 Snake Indians, a tribe v/ho inhabit the 
 S W fide of MifTouri river, in lat. about 
 47 N, and Ion. 107 W. The Shevetoon 
 Indians inhabit on the oppoiite lide of the 
 river. 
 
 Snares, The, a duller of 7 craggy ifles in 
 the South Sea. The largeft is in lat. 48 3 
 S, Ion. 166 10 E. Vaneowver, 
 
 Sneidjhoro , a poft town in Richmond 
 CO. N. Carolina, 418 miles from Wafhing- 
 ton. 
 
 Sneydfoorough, a tOWn of Anfon CO. N. 
 Carolina, it ftands oa the Qreat Pedce, 
 1 20 miles above Georgetown, S.Carolina. 
 To this place the river is navigable. 
 
 Snoiv Bird Lake, ill N. America, W of 
 Hudfon's Bay, i ?. miles wide from E to W, 
 but fi'om Nto S it is much more exteniive. 
 
 Smxv Hill, a port of entry and port town 
 of Maryland, ;md capital of Vv^'orccfter co. 
 fituared' on the S E fide of Pokomoke 
 river. Here are about 60 houfes, a 
 court houfe, and gaol, and the inhabit- 
 ant? del principally ia lumber and corn. 
 The exports for one year, ending the 30th 
 of September 1794, amounted to the val- 
 ue of 4040 dollars. It is 158 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Socand ga, or Sagetidaga. the W branch 
 of Hudfon river, runs a S and S E courfc, 
 and, about 15 miles from its mouth, takes 
 a N E dire'ilion, and joins that river about 
 I a or I J miles W by N of Fort Edward . 
 
 Soc'idty JJlands, a clufter of iflands in the 
 S. Paciic Ocean. I'o thele iflands Capt. 
 Cook v/as diredled by Tupia, in 1769: 
 and he gave them this name in honor of 
 fhe Pvoyal Society. They are fituated 
 between the latitude3 of I'j 10, and 16 
 5 > S, :ind between the longitudes of 150 
 57 and 152 W. They are 7 in number ; 
 ILiahehie, Ulietea, Ontuha, Bolabola, JMourooa, 
 Toohaee, and Titho:yama7ioo or Saunders IJl- 
 a:id, which is here included, as being fiib- 
 jccl to Iluaheine. The foi', the produc- 
 tions, the people, their language, relig'on, 
 cufloms, and manners are fo nearly the 
 fame as at Otaheite, that little need be 
 a.lded to the account which has already 
 l-een given. Nature has been equally 
 bountiful in uncultivated plenty, and the 
 inhubitx-^nts are as lu2:urious and as indo- 
 
 lent. ' A plantain branch is the emblem- 
 of peace, and changing names the greateli 
 token of frleudfliip. Their morals are 
 differently con{l:rud:ed, though ferving 
 the fame purpofes. It is cuftom'^try to give 
 their daughters to ftrangers who arrive 
 amongft them -; but the pairs tnuR be 5 
 liights lying near each other, without pre- 
 fuming to take any other liberty. On 
 the 6th evening, the father of fhe young 
 woman treats his gueft with food, and in- 
 forms his daughter, that flie mull that 
 night receive him as her huftjand. The 
 firranger muft not exprefs the leafl diflike, 
 fliould the partner allotted to him be ev- 
 er fo difagreeable ; for this is confidered 
 as an unpardonable aiTi-ont, and is punifh- 
 ed with iuflrant death. 
 
 SoconufGo,z. province of N. Spain, hav- 
 ing Chiapa on the N, Guatamala on the 
 E, the N. Pacific Ocean on the S, and 
 Gauxaca on the W. It is about 90 miles 
 long, and almofl as broad. It does not 
 produce much corn, but great quantities 
 of cocoa and indigo, 
 
 Socohi'fco Port, on the W coaft of New 
 Mexico, capital of the province of Socon- 
 ufco, in which are the mountains of this 
 name. N lat. 15 12, W Ion. 98 16. 
 
 Socora,z.\\ iilandon the coaft of S.Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 Sodas, a bay and town on the S fide 
 of Lake Ontario. The bay is about 6 
 or 7 miles long and 2 to 4 wide, and from 
 it, into the lake is a fliort and narrow 
 entrance. It forms ths beft harbour on 
 this fide of the lake. It is lefs than 
 half a mile ucrofs at the entrance, the land 
 around the bay rifts confiderably high. 
 When the lake is agitated by a ftorm 
 the bay may be pafTed fafely in a canoe, 
 veflels may anchor near the tov>rn in 25 
 fathom water, on a fandy bottom. In 
 many places a veffel of 50 tons may lie 
 afloat fo near fliore as to go to it from 
 the vefTel on a plank. In this bay 
 
 there are feveral fine iflands, fome of 5O 
 acres, of fine foil, covered with timber. 
 Thefe ifland with the head land flretch- 
 ing into the bay, afford a profpect from 
 the town, which for richnefs and beauty 
 is feldom equalled. A body of chocolate 
 marble, which receives a good polifli, has 
 been difcovercd on Marble Creek, which 
 runs into this bay. The town, in which 
 are 416 inhabitants, ftands on a 
 riling ground on the W point of the bay, 
 having the lake like an ocean on the N, 
 ■z8 miles N of Geneva. Little Sodus hay^ 
 is about 12 miles E of Great Sodus. 
 
 S*il 
 
SOM 
 
 SON 
 
 Soil Corje^ a village on Defert I. Maine. 
 
 Solartgo, an liland on the coaft of Peru, 
 12 miles S of Port Callo. 
 
 Solar Morrc, or Caps: Solar, on the coafc 
 -of Peru, is 6 miles N by W of the rocks 
 of Pachacama off the port of Gallao. 
 
 Soldier s Gut, on the N E coafl of the 
 ifland of St. Chrinopher's, E of |ialf 
 Moon Bay, and Chrift Church. 
 
 Solel)nry,a towufliip in Buck's co. Penn- 
 fylvania,ha8 1524 inhabitants. 
 
 Solidad, la, or the Bcjert, a cloifter of 
 bare footed Carmelites ; lituated on a hill, 
 3 leagues N W of the city of Mexico, en- 
 clofed with a high rtone wall fevcn leagues 
 in compafs. The hill, on which the 
 monaftery ftands, is furrounded v/ith 
 rocks, in which they have dug caves for 
 oratories. Here are gardens and orch- 
 ards 2 miles in compafs, filled with the 
 choiceft European fruit trees. The pro- 
 vincial Chapter of the Order is held here. 
 
 Solodad Port, on the E fide of the eaft- 
 ernmofl: of the Falklard iflands, was for- 
 merly called Port Louis. The inner part 
 of the harbour lies in the J 7th degree of 
 W Ion. and in S lat. 51 50. 
 
 Solimveu See Madera River, 
 
 Solomcns IJIes, or Land of the Arfacides, 3. 
 group of iflands concerning the exiftence 
 of which, there has been much difpute, 
 lie about 1850 Spanifli leagues W of the 
 coafl of Peru, in the vicinity of New 
 Guinea, between 154 and 160 E Ion. fiom 
 Paris, and between 6 and 12 S lat. They 
 v/ere firfl: difcovered by Mendana, in his 
 firfl: voyage in 1567. Herrera,in his de- 
 fcription of thefe iflands, reckons 18 prin- 
 cipal ones belonging to the group, from 
 50 to 300 leagxies in circumference, he- 
 fide many of a fmalier iize. The air of 
 thefe iflands is falubrious, the foil fertile, 
 the inhabitants numerous, and of differ-- 
 ent fliades from white to black. The 
 principal of thefe iflands are, St. Ifabella, 
 (which fee ) St. George, St. Mark, St. Ni- 
 colas, Florida, the Ifland of Palms, 8cc. 
 
 Solor, a military townfliip of N. York, 
 Onondago co. has 370 inhabitants. It 
 embraces- Solon and Cincinnatus, and 
 was incorporated in 1794. 
 
 Sonibrera, Somba'uera., or Somhiero, a fmall 
 defert ifland in the W. hidies, about 18 
 miles N W of Anguilla. It is about a 
 league each way, and is thus called by the 
 Spaniards, fiom its refemblance to a hat. 
 N lat. 18 38, Wlon. 63 37. It is depend- 
 ant on Barinida. 
 
 Somc'.fl-^h, Fort, a Dutch fort at the con- 
 fluence of the rivers Commewinc and Cot- 
 
 tica ; the latter being an arm of Surrinam 
 river. 
 
 Servers, a townfhip of Connecfticut, on 
 the N line of 'I'oUand co. which feparates 
 It from MafTachufetts. It contains 1354 
 inhabitants, and is 24 miles N E of Hart- ■ 
 ford. 
 
 Somerfet, townfliip In Wafhington co, 
 Pemilylvania, has 1321 inhabitants. 
 
 Sowerfd, a townfliip of Vermont, Wind- 
 ham CO. 10 or 12 miles N E of Bennington, 
 has 130 inhabitants. 
 
 Sotmrfd, a p()Q: town of MafTachfuetts, 
 Eriftol CO. on Taunton R. It was incor- 
 porated in 1790, and contains 1232 in- 
 habitants. It is 9 miles E of Warren in 
 Rhode Ifland, and 49 foutherly of Bofion. 
 
 Somerfet, a well cultivated co. of N. Jer- 
 fey, on the N fide of the great road from 
 N. York to Philadelphia. The foil, ef- 
 pecialiy on Raritan R. and its branches, 
 is good, and produces good crops of wheat, 
 of which great quanl'tiesare annuallv ex- 
 1 ported. It is divided into 6 towniliips, 
 j which have 3 churches for Pre fbyterians, 
 5 for the Dutch Reformed, i for Dutch 
 Lutherans, and i for Anabaptiils. It con- 
 tains 12,815 inlxabitants, including 1863 
 flaves. 
 
 Somerfet, the capital of the above co, 
 fituated on the W fide of Millflone R. It 
 contains a court houfe, gaol, and about 30 
 J).oufes. It is 13 miles N W of N. Brunf- 
 wick. 
 
 Somerff, a CD. of Maryland, bounded E 
 by the (late of Delaware and Worccfler 
 CO. W by the waters of Chefapeak Bay. 
 It contains 17,358 inliabitants, including 
 'JAZ'^ flaves Wafliington Academy, in 
 this CO. was inftituif^d by law in i 779. It 
 was founded, and is fupported by volun- 
 tary fubfcriptions and private donations; 
 is authoiifed to receive gifts and legacic^^, 
 and to hold 20CO acres of land. 
 
 So??iefet, a CO. of Pennfylvania, bounded 
 N by Huntingdon, and S by Alleghany co. 
 in Maryland, and v divided into 13 town- 
 fhips, and contains 10,188 inhabitants. 
 
 Sowerft, a poft town in Sonieifet co. 
 Pennfylvania, 189 miles from "Wafliington. 
 It has 1 43 1 inhabitants. 
 
 Somcrfivorth, a townfliip of StraiTord co, 
 N. Hampfliire, containing 932 inhabit- 
 ants. It was taken from Dover, {rem 
 which it lies adjoining to the N E, and 
 incorporated in I754- A dreadful flun.i 
 of thunder and lightning happened here 
 in May, 1779. 
 
 Souiers Jfcs. See Bfrmu'iu. 
 
 Sou go River, in IMainc, is formed l>y z 
 branclici 
 
sou 
 
 sou 
 
 bfanches wlilch unite jn Raymond town, • 
 about 3 miles from Sebago Pond. The | 
 longeft branch rifes in Greenland, about 3 I 
 miies' from Amerifcoggin R. where is a ' 
 plohd cafled So/igo Fond^ 1 miles long. 
 This ftrcam,^ which purfaes a foutherly 
 courfe for at'leaft 70 miles, is fo free from 
 rapids, that timber may be brought con- 
 veniently from within a few miles of its 
 head. The other branch comes from 
 Waterford and Suncook, and paflcs 
 tiirough a number of fmall ponds ; then 
 falling into Long Pond\, it proceeds through 
 Brandy Pond, and meets the other branch. 
 It is boatable its whole length, 25 miles. 
 See Oi-aMgetoivn or Greenland^ and Sebago 
 
 Pond 
 
 fubdivinon of the S divifion of 
 
 N.Mexico, in N. America. Chief town, 
 luape. 
 
 Sonfonafe, a fea port town and bay on 
 the coaO: of Mexiro. 
 
 Sophiafburgb Toxr?'Ji'p, in Prince Ed- 
 ward CO. U. Canada, lies N W of Hal- 
 lo well, and in the bay of Qurnte. 
 
 Snrrel Rrver, the outlet of Lake Cham- 
 plain, which after a coiirfe of about 69 
 miles N. em.pties into the river St. Law- 
 rence, in N lat. 46 10, and Ion. 7a 25 W. 
 J^orrel Fort, built by the French, is at the 
 weftern point of the mouth of this river. 
 
 Sofovento, a n?.rae a|/plicd to the I,eiTer 
 Antilles, in the \7- Indict. Among theie, 
 th(? chief may be reckoned Trinidad, Mar- 
 ^aretta, CuraiTou and Tortugas. 
 
 Sctovento lo^'os^ or Leeivard JJiand of Zea 
 Wolves or Seals^ on the coaft of Peru, is 7 
 leagues from the Barlevento Lobos, or 
 Windward Ifiand of Sea Wolves. It is 
 about 6 miles in circuit, ?.nd 15 miles from 
 Cape Aguja^ • 
 
 Soudabfhool, a ftream wliicii enters Pe- 
 riobfcot on the W lide in the tov/n of 
 Hamden. j 
 
 Sotieya-.vafxlnfra, z Canadian fettlerncnt, j 
 in lat. 47 17 30 N. " 'I 
 
 Souih, a fliort river of Anne Arundel cO. 
 ?.laryland, which runs cafterlv into Clief- j 
 apeak Bay. Its mouth is about 6 miies j 
 F of Annapolis city, and is navigable fot { 
 vefTels of burden 10 or 12 miles. , I 
 
 SoL-tb Amboyy a townfnip of N. Jerfey, 
 Midd'efex co. and contained in 1790J 
 2626 inhabitants. 
 
 Vo-uth jlmifrua, like Africa, is an exten- 
 fiv? peninf'.ila, coilnedled with N. Amer- 
 ica by the Klhrnus of Darieh, and divided 
 between Spain, Portugal, France, Holland, 
 and the Aborigines as follows • Sj'ain 
 
 claims Terra Firma, Peru. Chili, and 
 Paraguay, the PorUiguefe, Brazil ; the 
 French, Cayenne ; the Z).v/t:i, Dutch Guiana; 
 and the yiW/Vi;i^j, or original natives, Am- 
 azonia and Patagonia. It extends from 
 about lat. 12 N, to 54 S, or further if Ter- 
 ra del Fuego be included. The length is 
 3960 geog. miles, the breadth 2880. This 
 part of America was probably peopled 
 from Africa. The religion, excepting the 
 Dutch territory and a few tribes of fav- 
 ageB, is Roman Catholic. I'he fputhern 
 part of S. America experlenc es fevere 
 frofts, and almofl; perpetual winter. In 
 the torrid zone, fo lofty are the mountains, 
 that the greatefl: inconv^enience is the ex- 
 treme cold of the mountains, andmoiRure 
 of the plains. In Peru the fummer is dry 
 and cold. S. ^Imerica has no inland feas, 
 and few lakes. In Amazonia and Brazil 
 there are none. Titicaca in Peru is the 
 mofl important piece of water in this 
 part of the continent, its figure is oval, 
 240 miles in circumference, the depth, 70 
 or 80 fathoms. Amazon is the greatefl: 
 liver in the world, itslength is 3300 miles, 
 in fome parts no bottom is found with a 
 line pf 103 fathoms. Oronoco is a noble 
 river. ' The mountains are the mofl lofty 
 on the globe ; volcanoes, fubliinc and 
 terrible, are numerous. The extent of 
 the Andes is 4600 miles, Chimborozo, 100 
 miles S of <^uito is 20, 280 feet above the 
 level of the fea, about 5000 feet higher 
 than Mont Blanc, the highefi: mountain of 
 theold world. Catopaxi,a volcano, 25 m.iles 
 S E of Quito is 18,600 feet high. There 
 are befide the Andes, 3 other remarkable 
 chains of mountains, that of the Northern 
 coafi: between 9 and 10 N lat. that of 
 Parima from 3 to 7 N lat. and t-liat of 
 Chiquitos bctv^een 15 and 20 S lat. The 
 general height of the ilrfl chain is from 6 
 to 800 toifes. Several of its fummits are 
 perpetually covered with fnow, and often 
 pour down torrents of boiling, fulphureou* 
 water. Tlie fccond range of Parima is 
 little known. It ilretches from the Andes 
 E -near Popayan, and forms cataratfis in 
 the Oronoco, Lat. 5 N. The third 
 cliain unites the Andes of Peru and Chili 
 with- the mountains of Brazil and Par- 
 aguay. The higheft fummits are between 
 lat. 15 and 20 S.' The chief cities in the 
 I^panifla government are Lima, Buenos 
 Ayres, and Bogota. Rio Janicro is the 
 capital ofthe Pbrtuguefe province of Bra- 
 zil. From Buenos Ayres there is a poft 
 I road with convenient relavs of horfes and 
 j carriages to Peru. " ' Finlerion. 
 
 I '■ Sout!jai::picn^ 
 
sou 
 
 sou 
 
 Soutijampion, See South Hjmpiop.. 
 
 South Anna, a branch of North Anna 
 river, in Virginia, which together form 
 Pamunky river. 
 
 South Bay, is an arm of Lake Cham- I 
 plain, which from the S end of the lake 
 extends itfelf in a S wefterly dircdtion. 
 At the ftrait wlicre it unites with the j 
 lake it receives Wood creek from the S. ; 
 
 Souiljhorou^hy a fmall townfliip in the ' 
 eaftcrn part of Worcefter co. MafTachu- I 
 fctts, incorporated in 1727, contains 871. | 
 inhabitants, and is 30 miles W by S of j 
 Bofton. j 
 
 South Bojlon, a fmail town in Halifax co. j 
 Virginia, on the N fwle of Dan river. j 
 
 South Branch H^vje, a ftation of the j 
 Hudfon's Bay Company, in N. America, S 
 fituated on the E fide of Salkafliawan j 
 river, 1 
 
 South Br'w-fid.U a townfhip of Maffa- } 
 chufetts, HamplTiire co. about '^$ miles S 
 E of Northampton, and 80 wefterly of 
 Bofton. It was incorpf)ratcdin 1762, and 
 ContalVis 774 inhabitants. 
 
 Snuthbury, a town of ConnccHcut, 
 Litchfield CO. 20 miles N E of Danbury, 
 and 51 N W of Hartford. It has 1757 
 inhabitants. 
 
 South Caralbia, one of the United States 
 of America ; bounded N by N. Carolina ; 
 N W by TenefTee ; E by the Atlantic 
 Ocean ; S and S W by Savannah river, 
 ami a branch of its head waters, called 
 Tugulo river, which divides this State 
 from Georgia. It lies between 32 and 
 35 8 N lat. and between 78 and 81 W 
 Ion. from London. It is in length about 
 aoo miles, in breadth T25, and contains 
 !24,o8o_fqnare miles, 9570 of which IJe 
 above the falls of the rivers, and 14,51^ 
 between the falls and the Atlantic. It 
 was divided into 9 diftric'ls, Charlef.on, 
 Beaufort, and Qeorgetoivn conflituting what 
 is called the Loiver Country^ and Ninety 
 Six, IVaJhingtony Pinckney, Camden, Orange^ 
 lurg. and Cheriiiv diflr!i.T:s, colled the Up- 
 per Country. Tlvife 9 diftricls have late- 
 ly been formed into 26 fubdivifions, or 
 judicial difiricls, which foilov/. 
 
 Diftrias. Total Inhabitant. Slaver. 
 
 41,945 
 
 20,471 
 
 ic,86o 
 
 ?mI55 I 
 1,690 I 
 1,804 ; 
 
 1 Charleflon, 
 
 57,486 
 
 2 Colleton, 
 
 24>903 
 
 3 Beaufort, 
 
 20,428 
 
 4 Georgetown, 
 
 20,332 
 
 5 Orangeburg, 
 
 15,-66 
 
 6 Sumpter, 
 
 i.^.J03 
 
 7 Marion, 
 
 6,914 
 
 8 Barnwell, 
 
 7,376 
 
 9 VPrk, 
 
 1P>248 
 
 10 Chcftcr, 
 
 8,185 
 
 1.164 
 
 II Fairfield, 
 
 jo,o97 
 
 i,-968 
 
 12 Laurens, 
 
 12,809 
 
 1,91^ 
 
 13 ^endleron, 
 
 20,052 
 
 2,224 
 
 14 Greenville, 
 
 11,504 
 
 1,43? 
 
 15 Spartanburgh, 
 
 12,122 
 
 1,467 
 
 16 Union, 
 
 10,235 
 
 1,697 
 
 17 Egefield, 
 
 18,130 
 
 5,006 
 
 18 Abbevills, 
 
 13^553 
 
 2,964 
 
 19 Rkhland, 
 
 6,097 
 
 3,033 
 
 20 Lancafter, 
 
 5,012 
 
 1,076 
 
 21 Kerfl\aw, 
 
 7>3AO 
 
 2,530 
 
 22 Newberry, 
 
 12,006 
 
 2,204 
 
 23 Chefterf^eld, 
 
 5,216 
 
 1,14^ 
 
 24 Marlborough, 
 
 ^>45^ 
 
 1,395 
 
 25 Darlington, 
 
 7,631 
 
 2,336 
 
 26 Horry, 
 
 2,606 
 
 0,708 
 
 345,591 146,151 
 The militia of the ftate is divided into 
 two divillons ; each ccmimanded by a 
 Major General. Thefe divifions compre- 
 hend brigades, 39 regiments of infantry, 
 8 regiments, and a Ajuadron of cavalry, 
 and one regiment and batallion of artilltry, 
 befide artillery companies attached to 
 fome regiments of infantry. The who'e 
 include 35,785 men. This (late is water- 
 ed by many navigable rivers, the prlnci- 
 pyl of which are Savannah, Edifio, Santre, 
 JPedee, and their branches. The Santee 
 is the largeft river in the ftate. Thofe of 
 a fecondary fize, as you pafs from N to 
 S, are Wakkamaw, Black, Cooper, Aihe- 
 poo, and Combahee rivers. In the third 
 clafs arp comprehended tho^c rivers which 
 extend but a flio.rt diftance from the ocean, 
 and ferve, by branching into numberlefs 
 creeks, as drains to carry off the rain wa- 
 ter which comes down fr«im the large in- 
 land fwamps, or are merely arms of the 
 fea. The tide in no part of the ftate, 
 flov/s above 25 miles from the fea. A ca- 
 nal of 21 miles in length, conneiSting 
 Cooper and Santee rivers, is completed, 
 which coft ^150,000 flerling ; the com- 
 pany are allowed to ralfe a toll of 25 per 
 cent, on the fum acSluallv expended. It 
 Is ;^S f^et wide at top, 20 at the bottom. 
 It is death by the law for any man will- 
 fully to break or deflroy any part of it. 
 Another can^l is foon to be begun to unite 
 the Edifto with Afliley. Several compa- 
 nies are iqcory^rated for the improve- 
 ment of inland navigation. It is alfo in 
 contemplation to make a waggon road 
 from the fcttlements in S. Carolina, over 
 the mountains to Knoxville, in Teneuec ; 
 and a fum of money has been voted for 
 that purpofe. The only harbours of note. 
 
sou 
 
 ou 
 
 arc thofe of CharleQon, Port Royal, and 
 Ceoi-geto\.'n. The elinintc is different in 
 cliifercnt parts of the flatf. A'ong the 
 fea coaft, bilious diteafcs and fever^ of 
 Various kinds are prevalent between 
 Ju!y and Odtober. The probability of 
 dying is much greater between the 20th 
 of June and the 20th of October, 
 than in the other tight months in the 
 year. One caufe of thtfe difcafes, is, a 
 low rnarfhy country, which is overflo'-ved 
 for the fake of cultivating rice. TIi£ ex- 
 hdaiions from thcfe ftagnated waters, 
 from the river?, and from the neighbour- 
 ing ocean, and the profufe perfpiraiion 
 «)f vegetables of ail kinds, which cover 
 the ground, £\i the air with moifture. 
 7 his nioiruire falls in frequent rains and 
 copious dens. From adlual obf^rvation, 
 it has been found that tlve average ar.nu- 
 ;il tall of rain, for ten years, was 43 inches, 
 without regardingthemoiflure that fell in 
 fogs and deu^s. The great heat of tjie day 
 relaxes the body, and the agreeable cool- 
 liefs of the evening invites iQ^an expofure 
 to thefe licavy dews. But hot only does 
 the water cm the low griiundi^ and rice 
 l\vanips become in a degree putrid, and 
 cniit an unwholefome vapour, but when 
 it is dried up or drawn off from the fur- 
 faceof the ground, a quantity of weeds and 
 jrrafs which iiave been rotted by the wa- 
 ter, and auMiit'ls and fifli which have been 
 deftfcycd l)y it, arc expofed to the intenCe 
 heat of tlie fun, and help to infe<^ tlie 
 a'r with a quantity of poifonous eilluvia. 
 Witliin the limits of Chariedion, the cafe 
 is very different, and the danger of con- 
 tra-fling difcafes arifes from indolence 
 and excclr,. Though a refidencc in or 
 near tiie fwamps is very injurious to 
 health, yet it has been fatisfaclorily af- 
 certained, that by removing three miles 
 from them, into the pine land which oc- 
 cupies the middle ground between the 
 rivers, an exemption from autumnal fe- 
 vers may be obtained. The difagrceable 
 effects of this climate, experience has 
 proved, might in a grcatmeafure be avoid- 
 ed, by thoic inhabitants whofe cirumftan- 
 res will admit of their removal from the 
 peigbourhood of the rice fwamps, to 
 I'talthier fituations, during the months of 
 July, Auguil, September and O^flobcr ; 
 find ia the worft fituations, by temper- 
 ance -ind care. Violent exercife on horfe- 
 back chiefly, expofure to the meridian 
 rays of thcfun, Hidden flu)wers of rain, and 
 the night air, are too frequently the caufcs 
 pf levers and other difordcrs. Wou^d the 
 
 t 
 
 , fportfraen deny tbcmftlves, during th^ 
 fall months, their favourite amufemcntsof 
 hunting and fifliing, or confine themfelves 
 to a very few hours, in the morning or 
 evening ; wQuld the induflrious planter 
 vifit liis fields only at the fanie hours ; 
 or would the poorer clafs of people pay 
 due attention to tijeir manner of living, 
 and obferve the precautions recommend- 
 ed to them by men of knowledge and e:c- 
 perichce, much licknefs and many dif- 
 treffing events might be prevented. The 
 upper country, fituated in the medium 
 betv/een extreme heat and cold, is as 
 healthful as any part of the U. States. 
 The mountains are ranged in regular di,- 
 rections. The climate is agreeable ; tlie 
 fnow is feldom .more than an inch deep, 
 thawing at the firft appearance of the fun. 
 Sometimes the ponds permit Aiding and 
 fkating. Vegetation commences in Feb. 
 The maple, the willow and alder firfl ; 
 foon after the plumb and peach trees are 
 in bloffom. Hurricanes and florms are 
 not unfrcquent in this climate. Except 
 the high hills of Santee, the Ridge, and 
 fome few other hills, this country is like 
 one cxtenfive plain, till you reach the 
 Tryon and Ilogbaek Mountains, 220 
 miles N W of CJiarleflon. There is ex- 
 hibited from the top of thefe mountains 
 an extenfive vit\y of this ftate, N. Caro- 
 lina, and Georgia. And as no obje^ft in- 
 tervenes f o obfhu A tlie view, a man with 
 trfefccfic eyes might difcern veffels at fea. 
 The movintains W and N W rife much 
 higher than thefe, and form 3 ridge, which 
 divides the waters of Teneffce and San- 
 tee rivers. The fea coaft is bordered 
 with a chain of fine fea illands, around 
 r.'hich the fea flows, opening an excellent 
 inland navigation, for the eonvtyaftce of 
 produce to market. N of Charltlton har- 
 bour, lie Bull's, Dewee's and Sullivan's 
 iflands, which form the N part of the 
 harbour. James' ifland lies on the other 
 fide of the harbour, oppofite Charlefton, 
 containing about 50 families. Further S 
 W is John's illand, larger than James' ; 
 Stono river, v/hich forms a convenient 
 and fafe harbour, divides thefe lllands. 
 Contiguous to John's illand, and connect- 
 ed with it by a bridge, is Wadmelaw ; E 
 of which are the fmall iilcs of Keywaw 
 and Simmon. Between thefe and KdiOo 
 inand,isN. Edi{iObdet,wliieh alio affords 
 a good harbour for veffels of eafy draftof 
 water. S of Edifto Bland isS. EdiRo In!a 
 through which enter, from the northward 
 all the veffels bound to JScaufort, Aflhee- 
 
 [VD, 
 
sou 
 
 sou 
 
 jioo, Combahee, and Coofaw. Oa the 
 
 5 W fide of St. Helena iHaad lies a cluf- 
 ter of illands, one of the largeft of 
 which is Port Royal. Adjacent' to Port 
 Royal lie St. Helena,' Ladies Ifland, 
 Paris Ifland, and tlie Hunting Iflands j or 
 
 6 in number, bordering on the ocean, fo 
 called from the number of deer and otlier 
 wild game found upon them. All thefe 
 iflands, and fome others of lefs note, be- 
 long to St. Helena paridi. Croifing Broad 
 river, you come to Hilton Hea!d,the mofl 
 fouthern fea ifland in Carolina. W and 
 SWof Hilton Head, lie PInckney'?, BullV, 
 Dawfufkies', and fome fmalLr illands, 
 between which and Hilton HeatI, are 
 Caiibogle river and found, which form 
 the outlet of May and New rivers. The 
 foil on thefe illands is generally better 
 adapted to the culture of indigo and cot- 
 ton than the main, and lefs fuited to rice. 
 The natural growth is the live oak, 
 which is fo excellent for fliip timber ; and 
 the palmetto or cabbage tree, the utility 
 of which, in the couftrudtion of forts, 
 was experienced during the late war. 
 Alio fmail pines, bay trees, cedar, myr- 
 tle, wild olive, prickly pear, feafide oats, 
 and coarfe faline grafles. Other fpots 
 lYiore fertile produce white, red and live 
 Oak, hickor}', faffafras, elm and laurel. 
 The whole ftate, to the di fiance of 80 or 
 100 miles from the fea, generally fpeak- 
 ing, is low and level, almoil: v/ithcut a 
 ftone, and abounds more or lefs, efpecial- 
 ly on and near the rivers, v/ith f.vamps 
 cr marfhes, which, when cleared and cul- 
 tivated, yield, in favourable feafons, on 
 average, an annual income of from ao to 
 40 dollars for each acre, and often much 
 more ; but this fpecics of foil cannot be 
 cultivated by white men, without endan- 
 gering both health and life. Thefe fwamps 
 do not cover an hundredth part of the 
 ftate of Carolina. In this diftance, by a 
 gradual afcent from the fea coail, the 
 land rifes about 190 feet. Here, if you 
 proceed in a W N W courle from Charlef- 
 ton, commences a curioufly uneven coun- 
 try. The traveller is conflantly afeending 
 or dcfcending little fand hills, which na- 
 ture fcems to have difunited in a £roIlc. 
 If a pretty high fea were fuddehly arret- 
 ed, and transformed Into fand hills, in the 
 veiy form the waves cxifted at the mo- 
 ment of transformation, it would prefent 
 the eye with fuch a view as is here feen. 
 Some little herbage, and a few fmall pines, 
 grow on this foil. The inhabitants are 
 few, and have but a fcanty fubliftencc on 
 
 corn and f%veet potatoes, which grow here 
 tolerably well. Yet fertile veins of land 
 upon a clay or ma.'^l foundation occa- 
 fionally interfedl thefe barrens, produc- 
 ing white and red oak, chefnut oak, fliort 
 leaved pine, gum, hickory, elm, beech, 
 walnut, maple and many other kinds of 
 wood, which love a generous foi'. This 
 curio-.is country continues till you arrive 
 at a place called the Ii.\igt; 140 miles from 
 Charlefion. This ridge is a remarkable 
 tra6t of high ground, a» you approach it 
 from^the fea, but level as you advance N 
 W from its fummit. It is a fine, high, 
 1 eaithy belt of land, well watered, and of ^ 
 good foil, and extends from the Savannah 
 to Broad river, in about 6 30 W Ion. from 
 Philadtlpliia. Beyond this ridge, com- 
 mences a country cxatflly refciTibling the 
 northern States, or like Devonfliire in 
 England, or I.angneduc in France. Here 
 hills and dales, with ail their verdure and 
 variegated beauty, prefent themfclves to 
 the eye. Wheat fields, which are rare 
 in the low country, begin to grow com- 
 mon. Here Heaven h^s bellowed its 
 bleifings with a mofl: bi)unLeous hand. 
 The air is much more temperate and 
 healthful than nearer the fea. The hills 
 are covered with valuable woods, the 
 vallics watered with beautiful rivers, and 
 the fertility of the foil is equal to every 
 vegetable production. This, by way of 
 diftincT:ion, is called the U/>pcr Cavniiy, 
 where are diiTerent modes, and different 
 articles of cultivation ; where the man-* 
 ners of the people, and even their Ian- 
 guage have a ditfcrent tone. The land 
 ftill rifes by a gradual afcent ; each fuc- 
 ceeding hill overlooks that which imme-- 
 diately precedes it, till, having advanced 
 220 miles in a N W direction from 
 Charlefton, the elevation of the land 
 above the fea coaft, is found by menfura- 
 tion to be 800 feet. Here commences a 
 mountainous country, which continues 
 rifing to the wcflern terminating point 
 of this flate. The mountains arc ranged 
 in regular diredlions. Of the particular 
 fummits Table mountain is the mofl remark- 
 able. It rifes in Pendleton diftrict, W«f 
 the S fork of Saluda river, 4 or 5 mile* 
 from the Nbounda'-y of the ftate. It \% 
 3168 feet higher than the furronnding 
 country, probably 4300 above the ocean. 
 On one fide is a precipice of folid rock, 
 900 feet perpendicular; tlie vallev below, 
 is equally deep on that fide, making the 
 height of the chafm 6 or 800 yards. Wefl- 
 ward and feparatcd only by 'a Valley rife$ 
 
 the 
 
sou 
 
 sou 
 
 tlic lofty Colcaoy. In the fame diftrltEl 
 the Occonnce mountain lifts its fummit 5 
 or 600 yards above the adjacent lands. 
 Jbrom Paris's mountain is a dehghtful 
 j-srofpciSt. Much iron oie and a fpecimen 
 of gold have been found here. Near its 
 bale is a fulphur fpring of flrong powers. 
 The foil may be divided into four kinds ; 
 jirjl^ the pine barren, which is valuable 
 only for ics timber, hitcrfperfcd among 
 ihc pine barren, are traAs of land free of 
 liniber and every kind uf growth but 
 that of grals. Thefe trails are called 
 Sa'Oannas, conflituting aylt-owf/ kind erf loll, 
 good for grazing. The tuird kind h tliat 
 of the iwamps and low grounds on the 
 j-fvers, which is a mixture of black loam 
 and fat clay, producing naturally canes 
 in great plenty, cyprcl's, bays, loblolly 
 pines, <5cc. la ihefe fwauips rice is culti- 
 vated, which conftitutcs the (laple com- 
 anudity of the Itate. The high landi,, 
 commonly known by the name of oak, 
 and hickory lands, conftitute the fourth 
 kind of fail. The natural growth is oak, 
 hickory, walnut, pine, and locull. On 
 thefe lands, in the low country, are culti- 
 vated Indian corn principally ; and in 
 the back country, bcfide thefe, they raii'e 
 tobacco in large quantities, wheat, rye, 
 barley, oats, hemp, flax, and cotton. 
 jFrom experiments which have been made, 
 it is well afcertained that olives, filk, and 
 jnadder may be as abundantly produced 
 in S. Carolina, and we may add in Geor- 
 jria aifo, as in the S of France. I'here is 
 little fruit in tJiis ftate, efpeeially in the 
 lower parts of it. They have oranges, 
 M-hich are chiefly four, and figs in plenty, 
 a few limes and lemons, pomegranates, 
 pears, and jieaches ; apples are fcarce, and 
 are imported from the northern dates. 
 Melons, efpecially the water mellon, are 
 raifed here in great perfection. The riv- 
 er fvvamps. in which rice can be culti- 
 vated with any tolerable degree of fafety 
 and fuccefs, do not extend higher up the 
 rivers than the head of the tides ; and in 
 cftimating the value of this fpeeies of rice 
 land, the heiglu which the tide rifes is 
 taken into confideratlon, thofe lying 
 where it rifes to a proper pitch for over- 
 flowing the fwamps being the mo(i valua- 
 ble. The beft inland fvvamps, which con- 
 llwtutc a fecond Ipecies of rice land, arc 
 £uch as are furnlflied with referves of wa- 
 ter. Thefe referves arc formed by means 
 of large banks thrown up at the upper 
 ^larts of the fwamps, whence it is convey- 
 ed, when needed, to the fields cf rice. 
 
 At the diftance of about mo miles frofii 
 the fea, the river fvvamps terminate, and 
 the high lands extend quite to the rivers, 
 and form banks, in fome places, fcveral 
 hundred feet high from the furface of 
 j the water, and afford many exteniive and 
 j delightful views. Thefe high banks are 
 I interwoven with layers of leaves, and dif- 
 j ferent coloured earth, and abound with 
 I quarries of free ftone, pebbles, flint, ciyf- 
 ' tab, iron ore in abundance, fiver, lead, 
 j iulphur, and coarfe diamonds. The 
 1 Iwamps, above the head of tke tide, are 
 I occafionally planted with corn, cotton, 
 and indigo. The foil is very rich, yield- 
 ing from 40 to 50 builiels of corn an acre. 
 It is curious to obferve the gradations 
 from the fea eoaft to the upper country, 
 with refpecl to the produce, the mode 
 of cultivation, and the cultivators. On 
 the idandsupon the fea coaft, and for ^o 
 or 50 miles back, and on the rivers much 
 farther, the cultivators are ail Haves. No 
 white man, to fpeak generally, ever thinks 
 of fettling a farm, and improving it for 
 himfelf, without negroes ; if he has no 
 negroes, he hires himfelf as overfeer to 
 fome rich planter, till he can purchafe 
 for himfelf. The articles cultivated arc 
 corn, rye, oats, every fpeeies of pulfe, 
 and potatoes, which with the fmali 
 rice, are food for the negroes ; rice, 
 indigo, cotton, and fome hemp, for expor- 
 tation. The culture of cotton is ea[)able 
 of being increafed equkl toalmoflany de- 
 mand. The foil was cultivated, till late- 
 ly, almoft wholly by manual labour. 
 The plough, till fince the peace was fcarce- 
 ly ufed. Now the plough and harrow, and 
 other improvements are introduced into 
 the rice fwamps with great fuceefs, and 
 will no doubt become general. In the 
 middle fettlcments, negroes are not fo nu- 
 merous. The mafter attends perfon:tlly 
 to his own bufinefs. The land is not 
 properly fituated for rice. It produces 
 tolerable good indigO weed, and fome to- 
 bacco is raifed for exportation. The 
 farmer is contented to raife corn, pota- 
 toes, oats, rye, poultry, and a little wheat. 
 In the upper country, there are but few 
 negroes ; generally fpeaking, the farmers 
 have none, and depend, like the inhabit- 
 ants of the northern ftates, upon the la- 
 bour of themfelves and families for fub- 
 iiftence ; the plough is ufed almofl: whol- 
 ly. Indian corn in great quantities, 
 wheat, rye, barley, oats, potatoes, &c. arc 
 raifed for food ; and tobacco, wheat, cot«> 
 ton, hemp, flax and iiidijo, fcr exporta- 
 tion. 
 
sou 
 
 sou 
 
 tidn. Trom- late ext)ei inunts it ha."^ , 
 been foimd llru vines may he cultivated, : 
 and wine made to gre;it advantage ; fnakc ' 
 root, pink root, and a variety ot inedici- ; 
 iial herbs grow fpontaneoufly ; alio, ;^in- j 
 I'cng on and near the mountains. This j 
 country abounds \vit!\ precious ores,I'uch 
 as jrold, fil'.-er, le:»d,' black lead, copper 
 and iron; but it is the misforttine bfthofc j 
 who dire '!t taeir puri'uits in fearch of 
 them, that thev arc dclicicnt in the 
 knowlcdgecjf chymifkry, and too frcquent- 
 ]v make ulc ot ijTJpioper iticnftruums ill 
 extratfling the rtfpetTtive mttals. ThtJre 
 are like-.vife to be found pclldcid flones 
 of diiFerent haes, rock cryital, pyrites, 
 petrified rubftaaces,coarfe cornelian, mar- 
 ble beautifully varie^^ated, vitreous flone 
 and vitreous land; rid and yellow ochres, 
 which, when roaitcd and ground down 
 with linfecd oil make a very ex'celient i 
 paint ; alfo, potter's clay of a n»(»ft deli- 
 cate texture, fuller's earth, and a number 
 of dye fiufVs, amon^> which .is a fingular j 
 weed which yields four diiTcreut colours, j 
 its icaves are lurpriilngiy ftyptic, ftrong- j 
 ly rcJemblinf^ tlic taite of alum; like- ii 
 wife, an ab^pdance of chalk, crude alum, |i 
 i"al[)hur,nifre, vitriol, and along the banks ij 
 ©f rivers large quantities of marl may be jj 
 colleilted. There are alfo a variety of j! 
 roots, the medicinal efFcc3:s of which it is 1 1 
 the barbarous policy of thofc who are in ij 
 the fccre* to keep a profound myftcry. !| 
 TliC rattle fnake root, fo famous ainongd \\ 
 tlie Indians for the cure of poifon, is of j! 
 the number,' The hand of nature never j; 
 formed a country \vith more natural ad- 
 Vantages, orbieffed it with a more ferene 
 or healthful climate. It abounds with 
 game of all kinds, is a Very fine fruit 
 country, and is peculiarly adapted to the 
 growth of vines, the olive, ilik, and coffee 
 trees, and the produt!l;ion of cotton. It 
 t^ a perfect, garden of medictil herbs, and i 
 Its medicinal I'prings are not inferior to 
 any in Europe. Ttie iron works, knovi'n jj 
 hv the name of the JEra JEt>ia iron -worls, |' 
 are situated in York co. v.-itliin two miles i| 
 of the Catawba river. Witliin the com- 
 pafs of two miles from the furnace, there 
 is an inexhauflible quantity of ore, which 
 works eafy and well in the furnace. The 
 metal is good for hammers, gudgeons, or 
 any kind of machinery and hollow ware, ji 
 and will make good bar iron. Some tri?l 
 has been made of it in flee), and it 
 .promifes well. Nothing is neceflary for 
 preparing the ore for ufe, but burning. 
 The ore coniiih of large rocks above the 
 Vol. I. Cc c c 
 
 fiirface ; the depth not yet known. Trt 
 the cavities between, lie an ochre and Iccdt 
 ore. . k is faid there will be no occaiiwn 
 to fink iliafls or drive levers for 50 years 
 to come. Thc-^ra furnace was built iii 
 I787 ; the^inain 1788. Mr. William 
 Hdl, one of* the principal proprietors of 
 thcfe woiki, has contrived a method, by 
 nleans of a fall of water, of blowing all 
 the fires both of the forges and furnaces, 
 fo as to render unnecefTary the ufe of 
 wheels, cylinders, or any other kitid of be ! - 
 lows. The machinery is fimple snd 
 cheap, aftd not liable to the accident *ii 
 freezing. In the middle, and efpccially 
 in the upper Country, the people manu- 
 fadiure their own cotton and wooUe • 
 cloth's, and molt of tlieir hufbandry tools ; 
 but in the lower country, the inhabitant-^ 
 for tliefe article.-;, depend almoft entire!)* 
 on thtir m( rchants. I.ate accounts from, 
 the interior parts of this ftate inform, tlutc 
 cotton, hemp, and Hax arc plenty ; th:-.: 
 they have a confidcrable (lock of good 
 llicep ; that great exertions arc made, and 
 much done in the houieJiHd way ; that 
 they have long bten in the h;.bst of do- 
 ing fomethingin family manufadlurcs, but 
 witliin a few years pitft great improve^ 
 nients have been made. ^ The women d.- 
 thc weaving, and leave the men to attend 
 to agriculture. This ffate furnifiies all 
 the materiais, and of the beft kind, for 
 fliip building. The live oak, and the 
 pitch and yellow pines, arc of a fupcrior 
 quality. So much attention is now paid 
 to the manufadtare of indigo, in this 
 flate, that it bids fair to rival that of the 
 French. It is to be regretted, that it is 
 ftill the practice of the merchants con- 
 cerned in the Carolina trade, to fell at 
 foreign markets tlie Carolina indigo of 
 the firfl: quality, as French. Gentlemen 
 ijf fortune, before the late war, fcnt their 
 fons to Europe for education. Duriu'T 
 the war and fmce, they have generally 
 fcnt thtm to the middle and northern 
 ffatcs.' Th^e who have been at this cx- 
 pcnfe in educating their fons, have been 
 but comparatively few in ni;mber, fo that 
 the literature of the (late is at a low ebb. 
 Stnce the periee, however, it has begun 
 to flouridi. There are feveral refpecla- 
 ble academies in Charleflon, one at Bear.- 
 fort, on Port Royal Ifland, and feveral 
 others in different parts of the flatc. Six 
 collc'-es have lately been incorporated bv 
 law, but they deferve no higher .-mp^ll;., 
 tion than grammar fchools. Two of 
 thtm bid fitir to be hum.ruble to tiit Itatt, 
 
 the 
 
S OTT 
 
 SOU 
 
 the Beaufort and S. CaroIIaa colleges. At 
 Beaufort a houfe for the prefuient h built, 
 and contraifVs made for eredlfng a college. 
 The S. Carolina college is to be erccStcd 
 at Columbia. Part of the old barracks 
 m Charlefton has been handfomely fitted 
 up, and converted into a college,; and 
 there are a number of (ludents ; but it 
 does not yet merit a more dignified name 
 than tiiat of a rei'pciSlable academy. The 
 Mount Sion college, at Winnfborough, is 
 Supported by a rcl'pccTbable fociety of gen- 
 tlemen, who have long been incorporated. 
 This Inftitution flouriilies and bids fair 
 for ufefulnefs. The colLge at Cambridge 
 is no more than a grammar fchool. That 
 the literature of this (late might be put 
 upon a rcfpe^itable footing, nothing is 
 wanting but a fpirit of enterprife among 
 ks wealthy inhabitants. The legiilaturc, 
 in their feilion in January, 1795, appoint- 
 ed a committee, to inquire into the praifti- 
 Cs'bility of, and to report a plan for, the 
 eflabliflimeat of Ichools in the dilt-rent 
 parts of the (late. Since the revolution, 
 by which all dcnomiuHtions were put on 
 an equal footing, there have been no dif- 
 pates between difFereat religious fedls. 
 They all agree to dilTer. The upper parts 
 of this (late are fettled chiefly by i'rcfby- 
 |;ri.ms, Baptifls and Methodilis. From 
 the moft probable calculations, it is fup- 
 poft-d that the religious denominations of 
 this ftate, as to nniubers, may be ranked 
 as follows ; Preibyterians, including the 
 Congregational and Independent church- 
 es, Epifcopalians, Baptids, Methodifts, 
 &c. In this ftate are a number of chari- 
 table focietics. The S. Carolina fociety 
 has large funds, nearly _^xo,ooo fterling. 
 From this fund unfortunate families of its 
 deceafed members are fupported and the 
 children educated. The annual expendi- 
 ture of the ellabliflimcnt for orphans is 
 about I3,34i dollar?. In 9 years after its 
 iaftitiition, 544 girls, and 941 boys were 
 entered in its books. The little atten- 
 tion that has beeai paid to n^nuradturcs, 
 occafions a vaft confumption of foreign 
 imported articles ; but the quantity and 
 value of their exports generally Itave a 
 balance in favor of the ftate, except when 
 there have been large importations of ne- 
 groes . The foreign trade of S. Carolina 
 is with Europe and thcW. Indies. To thefe 
 countries are exported rice, indigo, cot- 
 ton, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine. The 
 following is the amount of tonnage of the 
 Hate for 3 years. . In 1796 it was 36,985 
 tofis, ia X797, 39)«»> «« i793>4i>876. 
 
 The exports of the ftate for the followingf 
 years were in 1791, 2,603,267, in 179*, 
 2,4ai,a49> "1 i793> 3.i9t>897. '^^ J794j 
 3,867,908, in 1795, 5,998,492* in 1796. 
 7,620,049, in 1797, 949,6a2, in 1798, 
 6,994,179, in 1799, 8,729.015, in 180T, 
 10,639,365 dollars. Charlefton is by far 
 the moll: confiderablc city on the lea 
 coafl, for an extent of 600 miles. From 
 it are annually exported about the value 
 of two millions and a half of dollars, in 
 native commodities ; and it fupplics, 
 with impoited goods, a great part of the 
 inhabitants of N. Carolina and Georgia, 
 as well as thofc of S.Carolina. The har- 
 bour is open all the winter, and its con- 
 tiguity to the W. India iftands gives the 
 me rchants fuperior advantages for carry- 
 ing on a peculiarly lucrative commerce. 
 A waggon road of fifteen miles only is all 
 tiiat is wanted, to open a communication 
 with the inhabitants of Teneilee. Knox- 
 ville, the capita! of that fl:ate, is 100 miles 
 nearer to Charleflon than to any other 
 cnnliderable feaport towii on the Atlantic 
 Ocean. The reformation in France oc- 
 cafioued a civil war between the Protef- 
 tant and Catholic parties in tliat king- 
 dom. During thefe domcfl^.c troubles, 
 , Jafperde Coligni, a principal commander 
 ; of the proteftant army, fitted out ^ iliips, 
 I and fent them widi a colony to America, 
 I under the command of Jean Riband, for 
 i the purpofe of fecuring a retreat from 
 profeculion. Ribaudlanded atwhatis now 
 j called Albemarle river, in N. Carolina, 
 i This colony, after enduring incredible 
 hardflirps, were extirpated by the Span- 
 iards. No further attempts were made 
 to plant a colony in this quarter, till the 
 reign of Charles II. of Hngland. 
 
 Scuti^ Eaj?, a poft town in Dutchefs co. 
 N. York, 300 miles from Wafiiington. It 
 has 1956 inhabitants. 
 
 Southern States ; the ftates of Maryhwdy 
 Firglniay Kejitiicky, N. Carolina^ Tcncffee, S. 
 Carolina, and G^cr^icr, bounded N by Penn- 
 fylvania, are thus denominated. This 
 d'iftridt of the Union contains upwards 
 of 1,900 000 inhabitants, of whom 64 8,4 3 9 
 are flaves, \\h\chhtblrteen frurteenths of the 
 whole number of flaves in the United 
 States. The influence of flavery has pro- 
 duced a very diftinguifliing feature in the 
 general characSter of the inhabitants, 
 which, though now difcernable to their 
 difadvantagc, has been foftened and me- 
 liorated by the benign effevfls of the rev- 
 olution, and the progrefs of liberty 
 and humanity. The following may be 
 confidferei 
 
s o u 
 
 sou 
 
 vConfidcred as the principal prodiivTlions 
 of tills divifion ; tobacco, rice, indigo, 
 wheat, corn, cotton, tar, pitch, turpentine, 
 and lumber. In this diftridt is fixed the 
 permanent feat of the general govern- 
 ment, viz. the city of Wafliingtou. 
 
 Soui/jJiL'ld, ii iowndup in MalTachufetts, 
 S E corner of Berkihire co. bounded S by 
 the Conneclicut line, containing aac fouls. 
 Soui/j Gc-orgia, a clufter of barren i Hands, 
 in the S. Atlantic Ocean, to the E of Cape 
 Korn, the fouthern point of S. America ; 
 in lat. about 54 30 S, and Ion. ;^6 30 W. 
 One of thefc is faid to be between 30 and 
 to leagues in length. 
 
 Souil) Iladley^ a poft tovvn of Maflachu- 
 fetts, Hampfliire co. on the E bank of 
 Connedlicut river, la miles N of Spring- 
 field, 6 S E of Northampton, 96 W of 
 Bofton, and 412 from Waihington. It 
 was incorporated in 1753, aixd contains 
 801 inhabitants. The locks and canals 
 in South riadiey, on the E fide of Connec- 
 ticut river, made for the purpoie of nav- 
 igating round the falls in the river, were 
 begun in 1793, and completed in 1795. 
 The falls are about 3 miles in length, 
 and hnce the completion of thefe locks 
 and canaU, there has been a confiderable 
 increafe of tranfportation up and down 
 the river. Some mills arc already eredi- 
 ed on thefe canals, and' a great variety of 
 water works may, and doubtlefs will, loon 
 be erected here, as nature and art have 
 made it one of the moft advantageous 
 places for thefe purpofcs, in the United 
 States. Caaals aie alfo opening by 
 the fame Company, at Miller'^ Falls in 
 Montgomery, about sj miles above thefe 
 and on the fame fvde of the river. 
 
 South Jlumpioiiy a co. £)f Virginia, be- 
 tween James's river, and N. Carolina. 
 It contains 7300 free inhabitants, and 
 €23 flaves. The court houfe is 36 miles 
 from Norfolk, 25 from Greenviile, and 
 399 from Philadelphia. 
 
 South Hampton, a townfliip of N- Hamp- 
 fliire, Rockingham co. on the S line of 
 the Clate, which fcparates it from Maffa- 
 ehufetts ; 16 miles S W of I'ortfmouth,and 
 6 N W fr«m Newbury porl. It was taken 
 from Hampton, and Incorporatcxl in 1 742, 
 and contains 3S7 inhabitants. 
 
 Suuih Jj./M'/>/<,«,s tov^'nlhip of MafTachn- 
 ft-tts, Hampfliire co, and Icparated from 
 jBaft Hampton by Pawtucket river. It 
 ivati incorporated in 1753, and contains 
 983 inhabitants ; aboiit 9 miles S W of 
 Northampton. 
 
 South Jiamptor, a poft town of N. York, 
 6iifit>Ik CO. Long J. I5y means of Sa;jg 
 
 Harbour, it carries on a fmall trade. It 
 contains 3670 inhabitants. It is i 2 miles 
 from Sagg Harbour, i8 from Suflblk 
 court houfe, 95 E of N. York, and 335 
 from Wafl^ington. 
 
 South Hampton^ two townfliips of Penn- 
 fylvania, the one in Buck's co, the other 
 in that of Franklin. 
 
 South Hampton^ a townfliip in the eaft- 
 ern part of Nova Scotia, and in Halifax 
 county. It was formerly called Tatma- 
 gouche, and is 35 miles from Onflow. 
 
 South Hamp en, a poll town in Genef- 
 fee co.N. York, 486milesfrom\Va{hngtOR 
 
 South HempfeaJ, a townfliip of N. York, 
 Queen's co. Long L had its name altered 
 in 1796 by the legiflature into Hemp- 
 ftead. The inhabitants 41 41 in number, 
 have the privileged of oyficring, fiiliing, 
 and clamming, in the creeks, bays, and 
 harbours of N. Hcmpftead, and they in 
 return have the fame rightinS.Hempflcad. 
 
 South Hero, or Grand Ipand, in Lake 
 Champlain. See Hero. 
 
 'Southhold, a townfliip of N. York, Suf- 
 folk CO. Long I. It includes Fiflier's, 
 Plum, Robin's nod Gulf Ifiands, and aE 
 that part of tlie manor of St. George on 
 th« N fide of I^taconock, extending W to 
 the E line of Brook Kaven. It is di- 
 vided into a number of pariflies, and hou- 
 fes ft>r public wor fliip,and contains 22 1 o in- 
 habitants. It was fettled in 1640, by the 
 Rev. John Young and his adherents, orig- 
 inally from England, but lafl fioni Salem 
 in Maflachufctts. 
 
 Soutkold Toivfijlip, in Su fTolk co. U. 
 Canada, lies W of Yarmouth, having hke 
 Erie, for its fouthern boundary. Smyth. 
 
 Southolu, a pofi; tov/n in Suffolk co. N. 
 York, 2)S7> ttiiles from Wafliington. 
 
 South Hunth'^ton, a townfliip in Wefl- 
 nioreland co. Pcnnfylvania. 
 
 South'! ngtoi^ a townfliip of Hai tford co. 
 Conneclicut, 20 miles S W of Hartford, 
 and 22 N of N. Haven. It has 1704 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 South Kingjlon^ a townfliip of Rhode 
 I. Wafliington co. on the AV fideof Narra- 
 ganfet Bay. It contains 2^3^ inhabitants. 
 
 South Mountain, a part of the Alleghany 
 Mountains, in Pcnnfylvania. Near this 
 mountain, about 14 miles from the town 
 of Carllfle, a valuable copper mine was 
 difcovered in Sept. 1795. 
 
 South Key, a fmall irtand, one of the 
 Bahamas, in the W. Indies. N lat. 22 
 21, W km. 74 6. 
 
 South Sea, now more ufuall)' diflinguifli- 
 ed by the name of Pacific Ocean, was io 
 named by the Spaniards, after they had 
 
 pa/Te* 
 
SPA 
 
 SPA 
 
 pajTed ©t^er the mduhtains cf the Ifthmus 
 of Darien or Panama, from Nto S. It 
 night properly be named the Wtftern 
 Ocean, wltli regard to America in gener- 
 al ; but froxT] the Ifthmus it appeared to 
 rhem in a fouthern dIrecStion.' In the 
 beautiful iflands in thi« ocean, the cold of 
 ■winter is nevpr known ; the trees feldom 
 lofe their leaves through the conftant 
 fucceffion of vegetation, and the trees 
 bear fruit through the greatefl: part of 
 the year. The heat is always alleviated 
 by alternate breezes, whilft the inhabit- 
 atits fit tinder the fhaxlow of groves, 
 adoriferous, and loaded with abundance. 
 The iky is ferene ; the nights beautiful ; 
 and the fea, ever offering its iuexhaufti- 
 ble ftores of food, and an eafy and pleaf- 
 ing conveyance. 
 
 SoutI} T/juk, or Southern Thule, in the S. 
 ^Atlantic Ocean, is the mod: fouthern land 
 which has at any time been difcovered by 
 navigators. 8 lat. 59 34, W Ion. 27 45. 
 
 5c;^^A7t/;V-f, and towniliip of MalTachu- 
 fetts, Hamplbit-e co. no utiles from Bof- 
 ton and 12 S W of Springfield. It was 
 incorporated in 1770, and contains 867 
 inhabitants. 
 
 South Weji Foln^, in Tene^'oe, is form- 
 ed by the confluence of Clinch with Ten- 
 eflec river, where a block houfe is erect- 
 ed, 40 miles from Knoxville, and 587 
 fjom Wafhington. Here is a poft offiG<'. 
 
 Sotcfo IVcJbif'^loH, a town of N. Carf>lina, 
 pn the N E branch of Cape ler.r river, 
 ■tvhich is navigable thui) f.ir for boats. It 
 i.s 23 miles from Crofs Rtuds near Dup- 
 lin court houfe, and 36 from Wnmii'gton. 
 
 Soutotix, an Indian village in i.ouilian.% 
 en t!ie W fide of MifGfippi river, oppohtc 
 to the Nine Mile Rapids, 22 niilts beloW 
 Wicfpincau river, and 28 above Riviere 
 a la Roche. N lat. 41 50. 
 
 Soto and Prgs, a nnml)er cf large ror ks 
 lying off the S W end of C;:tahunk Kland, 
 one of the Elizabeth Illauds, on the coafl 
 pf Mafiachufetts. 
 
 Spair., Neiv. See Mc'^i'trn. 
 
 Spaniards^ Bay, on the E corifi: of Capc 
 Breton (. i? rtmnd the point of the S en- 
 trance IntoPortDauphin. It^'mouth is nar; 
 row, but it is wider witiiin tid it branches 
 into tvv-^o arms, both of whicii are naviga- 
 ble 3 Icat^ucs, and afford afecure harbour. 
 N lat. 4^> '^o, \V Ion. 58 29. 
 
 Spamjh America^ ' contj'.ins immcnfe 
 provinces, moft of which are very fertile. 
 hi iV. Aincrku., California, Olu Mtxipo, or 
 'N.Spain, N Mexico, Florida! 2. Inth^fr. 
 Indies y the ifland of Cuba, Porto Rico, 'J rin- 
 7dad, Mar^arctta, Tortuga, tkc 3. In 
 
 -<?. America, Terr A Firma,Pfru,Chili,Tacui! 
 man, Paraguay, and Patagoniu Thefe ex- 
 tcnfive couitrics are defcribcd und«r 
 their proper heads. Ail the exports of 
 Spain, niort articles of which no oilier 
 Europe:ii> country can fupply, are efrfh 
 ma^te4 at only 8o,ooo,coc livrcs o^ 
 £Z^?>ZZ^2>Z2> fterl. The mofl: im^iortane 
 trade of Spain is that which it carried 
 on with its American provinces. The 
 chief imports from thefe extenfive cour^^- 
 tries conlift of g^'Id, filver, precious 
 ftones, pearls, cotton, c^coa, cochineal, 
 redwood, fkins, rice, medicinal herbs 
 and barks, as faffafras, Peruvian bark, 
 &c. Vanilia, Vicunna wool, fugar, an4 
 tobacco. In 1784, the total amount of 
 the value of Spanifli goods exported to 
 America, v.'as i95,ooo,doorealesde velion; 
 foreign commodities, 238,000,000 r. d. v. 
 The impnrts frojn America were valued at 
 900,000,000 r, <1. V. in gold, fdver, and pre- 
 cious fhmes; and upwards cf 300,000,000 
 r. d. V. in goods. In the Gaj'-etta de Mad- 
 rid, 1 787, (Feb. 20) it was flated, that the 
 exports to America (the Indies) from the 
 following 12 haibcvirs, Cadiz, Corunna, 
 Malaga, Seville, Sr. Lucar, Santandcr, 
 Canarias, Alicante, Barcelona, Tortoia, 
 Gipon, St. Seball:ian, amounted, in 1785, 
 to 767,249,787 r. d. V. the duties paid vxi 
 thefe exports amounted to 28,543,702 r. 
 d. V. I'h-e imports, both in goods and 
 money, from America an4 the W.India 
 illands, amounted in the fame year to 
 1,266,071.067 r. d. y. nnd the duties t(> 
 63 ,472,195 r. d. V. The profits of the 
 merchants from the whole American 
 trade was valued at 5,000,000 dollars. 
 
 Spanijb Creek, is at the licad of St. Ma- 
 rk's river in Florida. 
 
 ' Spanifo Main, that part of the cor.ft of 
 America, which extends from the ATof- 
 quito fnore, along the northern coafl of 
 Darien, Cnrthageua, and Venezuela to the 
 I>eeward liies. 
 
 Spartjk River, a rivcr and fettlrment in 
 Ciipe Breton 1. and the prefent feat of gov- 
 enmient. 
 
 Spanip-fotrn. See St. yago de la Vega. 
 
 Sparhatik's Point, cm the N fliore of 
 Pifcataqua river, abreafl: of which fliips 
 csn anclior in 9 fathoms. 
 
 Sparta, 'A poft town in Sparta co. S. 
 Carolina, 542 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Sparta, a port town of N. Jerfey, SufTex 
 CO. 117 miles from Philadelphia, and 253 
 frbni Wafhington. 
 
 Sparta, a pofl tov/n of Flancock co. 
 Georgia. It has a court houfe and gaol ;, 
 it Aai)ds in a ioxiWt and populous coun- 
 try. 
 
s'p^a 
 
 SPR 
 
 ^ry, and is a place of cnnfiL^crable trade. 
 
 Spartanburg}) y ft diftiicfl of S. Carolina. 
 It has 12,122 inhabitants, of whom 1467 
 pre flaves. The court houfe is 30 miles 
 from Pmtkney, 35 from Greenville, and 
 746 from Phifade'phia. 
 
 Sp^ar Cafe, on the E fide of Kc\vfound- 
 land I. is about 3 or 4 miles S E by S from 
 i>t. John's. N lat. 47 3 2, M'" Ion. 52 15. 
 
 Spehhfs Toivry on the W fl'.ore of the 
 illand of Earbadces, rouards the N part ; 
 formerly much reforled to by fliips from 
 BHdol, and from thence called Little Brif- 
 tol ; but moft of the trade is now remov- 
 ed to Bridgetown. It is in St. Peter's 
 parifli, having Sandy Fort, and Margaret's 
 Fort, about a mile S, and Haywood's Fort 
 on the Nat half the diftance. Jsflut. 10 
 9, W Ion. 59 II. 
 
 Sbencer, a townfliip in Worcefter co. 
 !MaiTachufetts, taken from Leicefter, and 
 incorporated in 1753, and contains 1432 
 inhabitants, and lies 11 miles SVeflward 
 of Worcefter, on the poft road to Spring- 
 field, and 5 8 S W of Bofton. 
 
 Spifnfle, a fmall illand at the head pf 
 ^hefapeak Bay. 
 
 Spiritu Sanio, a town on the S fide of 
 the ifland of Cnba, oppolite the N W 
 part of the clufler of iJles and rocks called 
 Tardin de la Pevna, and about 45 miles 
 K W of Ea Trinidad. 
 
 Spiritu Santo, or Tiiwpay B:^y, called 
 a.ifo Flillfljorough Bay, lies oir the W 
 coaft of the peninfula of E. Florida ; 
 has a number of firoals and keys at its 
 mouth, ?.nd is 9 leagues N N W ^ W of 
 Charlotte Harbour, and 56 S E by S ^ E 
 t>f the bav of Apalache. N lat. 27 36, 
 \N Ion. 82 54. 
 
 Spiritu Santo, a town of Brazil, in S. 
 America. It is on the fea coaft in a vpry 
 fertile country, and has a fmall caftie and 
 Mrbour. s'lat. 20 10, W Icn. 41. 
 
 Spiritif Santo, z lake towards the extrem- 
 ity of the peninfula of E. Florida ; S from 
 the chain of lakes which communicate 
 with St. John's river. 
 
 Split Rnci, a rocky point which projefe 
 intoLake Champlain,on the VV fide alnrnt 
 /6 miles N of Skeenfborough, bears this 
 Tian\e. The lake is narrow, and no 
 where exceeding two miles from Skeenf- 
 borough to this rock, but here it fudden- 
 iy widens to j or 6 miles, ^nd the waters 
 become pure and clear. 
 
 Spotfivwdf a fmall town of N. Jerfey, 
 ^iddlefex CO. near the W fide ofSoutli 
 river, which empties into the Rariton in 
 f ^ ^ direction. "The iituation is gocd 
 
 for extenCvc pinnufc^(51:orics, p.n4 there is 
 already a paper mill here. It is on the 
 Amboy ftage road, 9 miles S E of Prurf-, 
 wick, and 10 W by 8 of ?.Tidd!eton Poin*, 
 
 Sp/jffylvonia , acounty of Vii ginia, bound- 
 ed N by Stafford, and E by Caroline 
 county. It contains 6172 free inhabit- 
 ants, and ^830 (laves. It is hilly ai:d well 
 watered by the branches of the Mattapo- 
 ny and Rappahannock rivers. At the court 
 houfe is a poll oflice, 78 miles frpin Waili- 
 ington. 
 
 SprivgfuIJ, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 Windfor co. on the W fide of Conne<fti- 
 cul river, oppofite CKarlcJtcwn, in N. 
 Hampfliire. It has 2032 inhabitants. 
 
 Sprin^fiAd a town in the N part of Che» 
 lliireco.N.Ha}npf}iirc,ha5570 inhabitants^ 
 
 Springfield, (the Aaggawam pf the In- 
 dians) a p(.fttownof MalTachufetts Hamp- 
 fliire CO. on the E fide of Conn e<£ti cut 
 rivf r ; 20 miles S by E of Northampton, 
 97 W S W of Boftou, 28 N of Hartford, 
 250 N E of Philadelphia, and 398 from 
 Wafliington. The townlliip pf Spring. 
 field was incorporated in 1645. It con- 
 tains 2812 inhabitants ; a Conorcgatior>al 
 church, a court houfe, and a number of 
 dwelling houfe5, mapy pf which are l;oth 
 commodious and elegant. The town 
 lies chiefly on one long fpacious ftreet, 
 which runs parallel with the river. A 
 ftream from tlie hills at the eallward cf 
 the town, falls into this ftreet and fours 
 two branclies, ■yvhith take their courfe in 
 oppofite direcTtiops, one of tliem runr)ir'; 
 northerly and the other foutherly plong 
 the eaftern fide of the ftreet, and aficrd 
 the inhabitants, from one end to the other, 
 an eafy fupply of water for domefticufcs. 
 Here a confiderable inland trade is carri- 
 ed on ; and there is alfo a paper prill, an 
 arfcnal and armoiirv. 
 
 Springfield, a polt town in Hampfliire 
 CO. Virginia, 14c miles from Waflrington. 
 
 Sprit>gfrld, a poft town, in \^''afliingtoii 
 CO. Kentucky, 629 miles fromWaftripgton. 
 
 Springfield, a poft town in Robertfcm co^ 
 Teneftec, 765 rniles from Wafliington. 
 
 Springfd'J, a townflnp of N. York, Ot- 
 fego CO. at the N end of Otfego lake. It 
 is 61 miles W of Albany, has a good foil, 
 and ^1584 inhabitants. 
 
 Springfield, a poft town of N. Jerfev, 
 Burlington co. of a gocd foil and famed for 
 excellei:t cheefe ; fome farmers make 
 io,ccolbs. in a feafon. The inhabitants 
 are principally Ouakcrs,whc have 3 meet- 
 ing houCes. The chief place of the town- 
 flrip, where bufmefs is tranfacled, is a vil- 
 
ST A 
 
 STA 
 
 iage called Job's town, lo miles from Bur- 
 lington, anci 1 8 from Trenton. In this 
 towniliip is a hill, 3 miles in length, called 
 Mount Pilgah, which iurnifl.es ftonei'or 
 l^ullding. Here is alfo a grammar fchool. 
 It is 243 miles from Wailiington. 
 
 Sj?ri'iipjie/J, a towniliip in EiTex co. N. 
 Jerfey, on Rahway river, which furniflies 
 -fine millfeats ; 8 or 10 miles N Vv' of Ellz- 
 ^abethTowii. Peat for firing is found here. 
 
 Springfdd, the name of 4 towniliips of 
 Tennfylvania, viz. ia Buck's, Fayette, Dei- 
 aware, and Montgomery counties. 
 
 Spruce Cred-, urges its winding courfe 
 -through the marches, from the mouth of 
 Piicataqua river, 5 or 6 miles up into 
 Xittery, in York co. Maine. 
 
 Spiiriviftg, a river of Maine, which runs 
 tliroiigh Scarborough, W of Cape Eliza- 
 ^)eth, and i-* navigable a few miles for vef- 
 .fcls of 100 tons. 
 
 Squa-.n, a lake, part of which is in the 
 4-ownfliip of Kolderneli, in Grafton co. 
 >f. Hiimplliire ; but the one half of it is 
 ijn Strafford co. It is about j mile« long, 
 .aiid 4 broad. 
 
 ^^.'/.Tw, a fliort riv^r of N. Hampflilre, 
 the outlet of the above lake, which runs 
 ;a S W courfe, and joins the Pemigewaf- 
 iet at the town of New CheQer, and 10 
 jnllcs above the mouth of the Wineplfe- 
 ,©gce branch. 
 
 Squam Beach, on tlx£ fca ooafl o.f N. jCr- 
 fev, between Earaegat Inlet and Cranber- 
 ry New Inlet. 
 
 r>q-ja:n Harbour, on the V. E fide of Cape 
 Ann, jVIau'i-chufeLts. When a velTcl at 
 anchor off Newbury Port Bay, parts a ca- 
 'ble and lofes an anchor with the wind at 
 N E or E N E, if llic can carry double 
 4eeftd falls, flie may run S S E 5 leagues, 
 which courfe if mack good, will carry 
 tier a little to the eaftward of Squam B^y. 
 Squam (Piiigco}i Hdl) lies in lat. 4a 40 N, 
 andlon. 70 36- 
 
 Square Ilanu'^erzl'icf, an ifland of fv,me 
 extent in the W. Indies, which lies be- 
 t\veen lat. 215 and ai 24 N, and between 
 ion. 70 19 and 70 49 W. 
 
 Squeaiig^eta Ct\-el^\vi N. York, a N head 
 water of Alleghany river. Its mouth is 
 10 miles N W of the Ichua Toivn. 
 
 St.iat'JJr^rgh^:\ poft town in N.York flate, 
 }ic9 on the Elide of Hudfon's river,between 
 Rhynbeck and Poughkeepfie ; about 31 
 fjiilesS of Hudfon, and 80 Nof N.York city. 
 
 Siaebroeck^ a tov/n of Dutch Guiana, 
 in G. America, en the E fide of Demarara 
 river, a mile and a half above the poll 
 yvhich ccnunands its entrance. It is the 
 
 feat of government and the depcfitory .of 
 the records. The ftatiun for the flilpping 
 extends from the fort to about 2 miles 
 above the town. They anclior in a line 
 from 2 to 4 abreaft 
 
 Stafford^ a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ed N by Prince William co. and E by the 
 Patowmac. It contains 5628 free inhab- 
 itants, and 4343 flavcs. 
 
 Stafford, a townfliip of Conne«£Iicut, in 
 Tolland co. on the S line of Alalfaclm- 
 fetts, 12 or 15 miles N E of Tolland. In 
 this town is a furnace for cafting holiow 
 Y/are, and a medicinal fpring, which is the 
 refoxt of valetudinarians. It has 2344 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Stafford, New^ a townfliip cf N. Jerfey, 
 in Monmouth co, snd adjoining Dover on 
 the S W^ It confifls chiefly of pine barr 
 ren land, and contained 883 iniiabitants 
 in 1790. 
 
 Stage Jjland, in Maine, lies S of Parker's 
 and Arrowfike iilands, on the N {Ae o£ 
 Small Point, conlifting of 8 acres not ca- 
 pable of much improven-.ent ; and is on- 
 ly remarkable for being the firfl land in- 
 habited in New England, by a civilized 
 people. It is not now inhabited. 
 
 Statnford Toivnfaip, in the county 0% 
 Lincoln, U. Canada, lies on the W fide of 
 Niagara river, and S of Newark. A port 
 of entry and clearance, is eftab]ifi:ed ia 
 this townfliip, on the N bank of Chippa- 
 wa river near the bridge . 
 
 Starjord,'i\ townfiiip of Vermont, irj 
 Eenniugtcn co. it corners on Bennington 
 to the S E, and contains 383 inhabitants, 
 and has good interval land. 
 
 Stiimford, a poR town of Conp.c(Slicut, 
 Fairfield co. on a fmall (tream called Mill 
 river, which empties into Long Ifiand 
 Sound. It contains a Congregational and 
 Epifcopal church, about 45 compatSt 
 dwelling iioufes, and containd 435:* 
 inhabitants. It is 10 miles S W of 
 Nor walk ; 44 S W of N. Haven ; 44 N E 
 of N. York ; 139 N E of PhHadtlphiai 
 and 288 from Waihington. The town- 
 fnjp was fv>rmerly called Jiippozvams., and 
 was -fettled in 1 641. 
 
 Stamford, a poll town of N. York, in 
 Delaware co. taken from Woodftock, and 
 incorporated in 1792. It has 924 in! ab-^ 
 itants, and is 447 miles from VVafliing con. 
 
 Stafnford, a poit town in I^incoln co» 
 Kentucky, 628 miles from Walliington. ^ 
 
 Standijh, a poft town of JMaine, on the 
 W line of Cumberland co. between Pre- 
 fumfcut and Saco rivers. It was incorpo- 
 rated ixi 17 8j, and contains 1226 inhabr 
 
s r A 
 
 ^TE 
 
 itants ; i8 miles N W of Portland ; 163 
 Nof BaH'jn, and 6i6i"roni Wailiington. 
 
 Starford, a towiifliip of N. York,J)utch- 
 efs CO. taken froai Wuiliington, aiitl in- 
 corporated ia 1793. It has 2344 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Stnnfor.i^ the capital of I/incoln co; Ken- 
 tucky; fitur.ted on a fertile plain, aliout 
 10 niile.. S S Lof i)r,nviU3, 40 S by W ot 
 Lexingtcnij and 52S ti E of Frankfort. It 
 cnniains a fbonc court houfe, a g:ioi, and 
 about 40 houfes. 
 
 Stati'lead. a tqwnilnp, iin I^. C^nadn, 
 bounded W by Lake Msmphramagog, S 
 bv Vermont. !: is fettled by about 75c 
 inhabitants, a promlfcuoiis emigration 
 froin various p Tts of the United States. 
 
 Vdanley Valley^ lies north wefterly of 
 Carter's Valley, being feparated from it 
 by a ridge and row of knobs. The wa- 
 ter is good, the foil rich, and the land- 
 fcapes generally agreeable. 
 
 Sunivlx, Old F.ri, in the State of N. 
 of York, is fituatea in the towniliip of 
 Rome, at the head of the navigable Avaters 
 J^Ioliawk river. Its foundation was liid 
 in 1759, by fi en. Broad fUoet, and built 
 upon, by the troops of the United States, 
 during the late war. The Britifli made 
 an unfuccefsfu attempt to take it in 1777. 
 
 Starh, a town in Kenncbeck co. MaiiiC, 
 on the W fide of Kenncbeck river, W of 
 Norridgework, and 25 niiks N \V of Au- 
 gufta. Sandy river enters the Kcnuebeck 
 in this town, 
 
 Starhjl)oroiigh, a townfhip in Addifon CO. 
 Vermont, 11 miles E of Ferrifburg. It 
 contains 359 inhabitants. 
 
 Staten ijland, lies 9 miles S W of the 
 city of N. York, and conflitutes Rich- 
 mond CO. The ifland is ?>.bout 18 miles 
 in length, and at a medium 6 or 7 in 
 breadth, and contains 4563 inhabitants. 
 On the S fide, is a confiderable traCb of 
 level, good land ; but the iilandin gener- 
 al is rough, and the hills high. Richmond 
 is the only town of any note, and that is 
 an inconfiderable place. The inhabitants 
 are chiefly defcendants of the Dutch and 
 French ; and are noted for their hofpi- 
 taliry to Grangers, and love of their na- 
 tive fpot. 
 
 f\taten Land, an idand at the extremity 
 rf S. America, about 30 miles in length 
 and 12 in breadth. It lies to the ead- 
 ward of the E point of Terra del Fuego, 
 ?.nd fcotn which it is feparated ly Strait 
 }« Malre. The centre of the ifland is in 
 lat. about 54 30 S, and Ion. 64 30 W. 
 
 Suujhurg^ a poft t«wn of iS. Carolina 
 
 and the capital of Clermont ca. ' q.v\ th^'ti 
 lide of Beech Creek, v/hich unites with' 
 Shanks Creek, and empties into the Wa- 
 teree, a few miles below the town. It 
 contains 1(5 or 12 b')uiep, a court houiV 
 and gaol. It is 20 uiilos S by £ of C.;m- 
 den, 100 Nby VY of Charlefton, and 4y;v 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 StatefvUle, a poll: town in Iredell co. N. 
 Carolina, 441 miles from Wafliington 
 
 Sfanniorj, a. poft town of Virginia, and 
 the capital of Ar.gx'ita co. It is on the fy 
 E fide of Middle R. a wster of Patow- 
 mack, a little N of Madfiifou's Cave. It 
 contains p.bout 160 houfes, mouiv built of 
 ftone, a court houfe and gaol. It is 9.-; 
 miles from the Sweet Springs, loc S Why 
 S of Winchcftsr, 126 W N W of Rich- 
 mond, and 177 from V.'aOiington. 
 
 Str/ufitnn, one of tlie principal branches 
 of Roanoke R. It rif-js on the weflerii 
 fide of the blue ridge, HikI there has the 
 nam^e of Roanoke ; but as foon as k 
 paiTes through the ridge, it takers the name 
 of Staunton, which it {/Fefcrves toit'^ con- 
 fluence v.'ith Dan, and there reiume^ tiie 
 name Roanoke Staunton and Dan are 
 very nearly of the fame fize where they 
 unite. It might be made navigable for 
 100 miles from its mouth. The flreams 
 it receives are Sm'th's rivers, Goofc creek. 
 Big and Little Ott r, Big and Little FaUing 
 Cub creek. Little Roanoke and Banliter. 
 
 Stu'ij/tfejFori,]nii-dbo\e the falls of Nia- 
 gara, and 8 miles above Queens Town. 
 
 St. Clair Lake, u fmall in comparifoii 
 to either Ontario or Erie, and Ihallow 
 throughout ; it receives the waters of I^ 
 Superior, Michigan, and Huron, by a long 
 channel frtmi N to S called river St. Clair ; 
 it aifo receives the waters of the Thame* 
 which fall into the lake on tlie S E fide. 
 About the mouth of this river are large ex- 
 tenlive meadows, or marfhes, v/hich, with 
 the exception of fmall tradls of wood land 
 on the l)anks of the river, and a few 
 v/oody iflanda, extend about 12 miles up 
 the country, and about 4 or 5 mile* in 
 ue[)th, atTording hay fufficient for a nu- 
 merous fcttlemeut, and abundance to fparc 
 For lituation, &c. See Chir, St. 
 
 fiteadmans Creek, in the ftafe of N. Yort. 
 The main fork of this creek empties in- 
 to Niagara R. above Fort SchlofTer. 
 
 Steep Roch, a curious ledge of perperi- 
 dicirfar fiielly rocks, which form the W 
 bank of Hudfon's R. with fome interrup- 
 tions, for ii or 13 miles from the Tap- 
 pan Sea, to vinthin 11 miles of N. York 
 city. Some of thefe ledge* are fiom 150 
 
STE 
 
 STI 
 
 ♦<■> ioo feet high. As you pafs down the 
 river from tiie 'I'appaii Sea, by thefe rocks, 
 the prolpecl on every fide is enchanting. 
 On the N the Tappan Sea, a tiae broad 
 bay opens to view, ikirted with high hllb ; 
 on tlie S the river lies under ttie eye as 
 iar as it diftinguinics objecfts ; on the W 
 are tiio Steep Rockn, before delcribcd ; 
 and on the E a iinecuhivated country. 
 
 Sti/jle.Ks, a cape, S W of Cape Denbigh, 
 on the N W coaftot'N. America, and is at 
 the S E part of Norton Sound. Stuart's 
 liland is oppoiite to it. N iat. 63 33, W 
 Ion. 162 19. Between this and Shoal 
 Nefs ia ilioal water. 
 
 Sfr'y/.jens, a fliort rivcf of Vermont, 
 ■which empties into Connecticut river, 
 fr;>m tlie N W, in the town of B ;rnet. 
 
 Stephen s, St. a pariih of Charleflon dif- 
 tricl, S.Carolina 
 
 Sterlings a plantation in Kennebec en. 
 Tvlaine ; N W of HaUowell, and at no 
 great dift^nce. Itcontaiued 166 inhabit- 
 ants in 1790. 
 
 6VcT%|j-, a tovvnfiiip of Connccfticut, in 
 W^iiidhaai co. 44 uiiies E of Hartford, iS 
 N E from Norwich. Inhabitants yo8. 
 
 SLrli-ig. in W'orcefler co. Maflachulett.';, 
 V/as formerly a pari Hi of Lancafler, cabl- 
 ed Chodfct^ incorpor.^.ted in 1781 ; 12 
 miles N E of Worcc;1er, and 42 from 
 Ijofkon, and contains 162S inhabitants. 
 Near the neck of land whicli divides 
 \Vaufliacuni Ponde, on the S fide, was 
 formerly an Indian fort, vclbiges of which 
 itill appear. On thi'* fpot was the palace 
 and royal feat of Sholad, fachem of the 
 Nailiaways, proprietor of Nailxav/ogg. 
 
 Sterllngvilhy apoft town in Granville co. 
 N Carolina, 267 miles from Warningcon. 
 
 Steuben y formerly Naraguagus, a town 
 in Wafliington co. Maine. It is at the S 
 .W corner of tiie county, and has Goldf- 
 boro' bay W, and Dyer's bay E. Nara- 
 guagus river runs through its N E corner. 
 It has 347 inhabitants. 
 
 Steuben^ a fmall fort in the Indiana Ter- 
 ritory, fituated at the Rapids of the Ohio, 
 ■ji fliort diftancc above Ciarkfvllle. 
 
 Steuben, a new county of N.York, taken 
 from that of Ontario ; being that part of 
 Ontario county, bounded by the Penn- 
 fylvania line on the S, by the N bounds of 
 the fix range of townihips on the N, by 
 the pre-emption line on tho^, and by 
 the Indian line on the W". From mills in 
 the ceI^tre of this county, 100,000 feet of 
 boards, were conveyed down the SuTquc- 
 fcannah on rafts, faiely to the Baltimore 
 ir.arket, in the fpring of 1 798. It has 1728 
 ^habitants. 
 
 Steulen, a townfliip of N.York, iu Oi>^'* 
 ida CO. taken from Whitc-ftown, and in- 
 corporated in 17 92. In 1796, the towns of 
 Fi(jyd and Rome were taken olf of this 
 townlliip. It h;r»> 552 inhabitants. The N 
 wcttern branch of Moliawk R. rifcs here ; 
 and the centreof the town isabout i 2 miles 
 N E of Fort Schuyler, and 32 N W oiLhe 
 mouth ot Canada Creek 
 
 Stenbcirviile, a poft town in JefFcrfon co. 
 Ohio, 312 miles from Waibington. It is 
 on the \V hank of the Ohio, a few miles 
 W of the Peunlylvania \V iuie, N iat. 40 
 17, and 5 30 W Ion. from PhitidelpLia. 
 
 Stevens, a iliort navigable riverof Maine. 
 It rifes wich:n a mile of Merry Meeting 
 Bay, with whicii it is connedled by a ca- 
 lled lately opened. See Ga^rgc-to'-ivn. 
 
 Sfcvej'jburg., a polt town of Virginia, 
 Culpepper 00 on the road from Phdadel- 
 phia to Staunton. It contuins 40 or yi 
 houfes, and an academy. I'he inhabit- 
 ants are raoftly of Dutch extracTtion. It is 
 10 miles N by E of Strafturg, 87 N E by 
 N of Staunton, 45 S W by S of Williami- 
 port, and 90 from Wafliington. 
 
 i'/t'iw.Ycvc.v, W^eft Chelter co. M. York, 
 is bounded W bv York 'Fown, and N by 
 Dutchels CO. It contains 1578 inhabitants. 
 
 .SA/jZ(r«/c;T£,7/,a townfl.ip of good land in 
 N. York, ill Renflllaer co. between Leb«- 
 non and Scoodack. It is atiout 14 miles 
 fquare,and lies 20 miles E of Albany. 'Flie 
 timber on the low land is pine, hemlock, 
 beech, birch, aih, m:>ple. On the hills, 
 pine, hemlock, black and white oak, wal- 
 nut and poplar. It has 4968 inhabitant-r. 
 
 Ste-zvart's JjhwJs,m the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 a cluftcr of 5 iilands difcovered by Capt. 
 Flunter in 1791, and fo named in honor 
 of Admiral Keith Stewart; S Iat. 8 26, 
 W Ion. 16318. 
 
 Siey Point, ou the Labrador coaft, and N 
 Atlantic Ocean. N Iat. 58, W Ion. 61 4C'. 
 
 StiU IVater, a townlhip of N. York, Sar- 
 atoga CO. bounded E by Hudfon River. 
 It contains 2872 inhabitants. The village 
 of Still JVater is on the W bank of Hud- 
 fon's river, 12 miles from Saratoga, 25 N 
 of Albany and 12 from Eallilown Springs. 
 A canal is begaii at this place to lead the 
 warer of the Hudfon to the mouth of the 
 Mohawk, 14 miles below. 
 
 Stinking JJlands, on the eaft coaO of 
 Newfoundland lilaud. N Iat. 40 28, W 
 Ion. 52 50. 
 
 St'Jjk Mountain, lies between Connec- 
 ticut and Hudfon river, and neftr it the 
 Mahikandtr Indians formerly refided. 
 
 St. Matfsy 'tli Jr'ulh oJ\ is lituated be- 
 tween 
 
«TO 
 
 STO 
 
 tvvccn Lake Superior and Lake Huron, 
 U. Canada, or moi'e firiiTdy fpeaking, in 
 the narrows between Lake Superior and 
 Lake George, a little above the mouth of 
 Beaver river ; on the S fide of the falls, 
 flat bottomed veffcls of 10 or 30 tons 
 arc frequently taken up and doum. Smyth. 
 
 Stod-inJ^Sy a townfliip in Windfor co. 
 Vermont, on White river, aiul coalaius 
 432 inhabitants. 
 
 - StocUriifire, a poft town of P.lafiachu- 
 fetts, BerkQnre CO. 44 miles W by N of 
 Springfield, 141 W of Bofton, 249 N E of 
 Philadelphia, and 25 E by S of Kinder- 
 hook, in N. York. The townfliip is the 
 chief of the county ; was incorporated in 
 1 739, and contains iz6i inhabitants. 
 
 Stoslbrldgc, Nezv.,2. tradt of land 6 miles 
 fquarc, lyiiJg in the S E part of the One- 
 ida Ref'jrvation, in the State of N. York, 
 inhabited by the Indians, 300 in number, 
 vho, lome years fince, removed from 
 Stockbridge, Maffachufetts, and from this 
 circumftance are called the Stod\>ria[re In- 
 tfiatts. This tra6t was given to thele In- 
 dians by the Oueidas, as an inducement 
 to fettle in their neighbourhood ; and is 
 7 miles S E of Kahnonwolohalc, the prin- 
 cipal village of the Oneidas. Thefe In- 
 dians arc under the paftoral care of a mif- 
 fionary, the Rev. Mr. Sarjeant, whofe pi- 
 ous labours have been attended with con- 
 fiderable fuccefs. They are genendly in- 
 duftrious, efpecially the women, and em- 
 ploy themfelves in agriculture, and breed- 
 ing cattle and fwine. Their farms arc 
 generally enclofed with pretty good-fences, 
 and under tolerable cultivation. In the 
 fall of 1796, almoft every family fowsd 
 wheat ; and there was a fingle inflaace 
 this year, of one of the Indian women, 
 named EJlher^ who wove 16 yards cf wool- 
 len cloth ; who is here mentioned as an 
 example ofindultry, and as having led 
 the way to improvements of this kind. 
 There is but little doubt but her exam- 
 ple will be followed by otiiers. Their 
 dividend of moneys from the United 
 States, amounting to about 300 dollars, 
 has hitherto been c xpended in ereAing a 
 faw mill, and fupporting an EngUfli 
 fchool. 
 
 Stock Creiky a branch of Pckfon river. 
 See Wapington Coiiniy, Virginia. 
 
 Stockport, a village in Northampton co. 
 Pennfylvania, on the W (ideof the Popax- 
 tunk branch of Delaware river. From 
 this place is a portage of about i8 miles 
 to Harmony, on the E branch Qf the riv- 
 er Sufquehannah. 
 Yoj-.U Pddi 
 
 I Stodtiard, a townfliip of N. Hanipfln're, 
 
 Chefliire co. about 15 or i8 miles E of 
 
 j Walpole on Connediicut river. It was 
 
 incorporated in 17 74, and contains 1148 
 
 inhabitants. 
 
 jj StoJhart Bay, near the N W point of 
 
 I the ifland of Jamaica, is to the £ of San- 
 
 Ij dy Bay, and between it and Lucea har- 
 
 h hour. 
 
 fl 5^0/f, a townfii'p in L.Canada, haxnnty 
 j Si. Francis river on the S and S W, It is 
 jj N of Afcot, adjoining, and has about 30 
 I inhabitants. 
 
 j Stolssy a county of Salifbury dlftricSl, N. 
 I Caroltnq ; bounded E by Rockingham, 
 ij and W by Surry, and contains 10,516 iu- 
 ! habitants, including 1359 Haves. Irou 
 I; ore is found here in confiidcrable quanti- 
 jj ties, and works have been eretftcd on Iron 
 j! Greek, whicli ravoufadiure Cvrnfidtrablc 
 H quan .'ties. Chief town, Germantown. 
 i Sickcs, the chief town of Montgomery 
 ij CO. N. CaroKnr;, near Yadkin river. Ic 
 l! contains a court houfe, gaol, and about 
 tj »o houfts. 
 
 Stone Arabia, a village and fine traA of 
 country fo called, in Montgomery co.N. 
 York, on the N fide of Mohawk river, be- 
 tween 50 and 60 miles W of Albany. 
 This fettlcment was begun by fome Ger- 
 1 mans in 1709. The hmd froai the liver 
 I rifes on a beautiful and gradual afcent for 
 I 4 miles, and the principal fcttlenunt is on 
 I a wide fpreading hill. The foil is excel- 
 [ lent, and the people induftrious and thriv- 
 I ing. It fuflered much from the Indians 
 j in the late Wcir, peculiarly in 1780. It 
 1 has a Dutch church and an academy, 
 j Stoneham, a townfiiip of Maflachuictts, 
 j Middicfex co. which was incorporated in 
 I 1725, and contains 380 inhabitants ; 10 
 ' miles N of Bolton, 
 
 Stone Indians, inhabit S of Flrc Fort, on 
 Aflentbayne river. 
 
 Stone MoH!itai.n, betwcenthe flates cf 
 TenefTce and Virginia. The Virginia line 
 interfecfls it in lat. 36 30 N, from thence 
 to the pl;:ce where Watauga river breaks 
 through it. .*^ce Tmejfee. 
 
 Slom IftarJ, on the E coaft of Newfound- 
 land, is near Cape Broyle, and is one of 
 I the 3 ifiands, which lie ofFCapIin Bay. 
 j Stones, is a boatable water of .TeneiTee, 
 I which runs N W into Cumbeilaud river, 
 ! 6 miles N E of Nafliville. 
 
 Stones Fort Gut, on the S W fidc of the 
 ifland of St. ChriPiophcr's ; eaflward of 
 Old Road Bay, and between that and 
 Bloody Point. There is a fort on a point 
 »f land, on the \V Ude. 
 
STO 
 
 fiTR 
 
 Sioney Creek, a Imall ftream ruaning In- 
 to Lake Erie, E of Saugas creek, U. Can- 
 ada ; it is a harbour for boats, having 
 about af feet water above the bar. Smyth. 
 
 Stoney Hill^ in Baltimore co. Maryland, 
 is 5 or 6 miles N W of Wheiftone Fort, 
 at the moulh of Baltimore harbour, and 
 a milts S E of Hooks Town. 
 
 Stouey Point, in Orange CO. N. York, a 
 fmall ptninfula, projecting in a confider- 
 able bluiTfrom the W bank of Hudfon's 
 river into Haverftraw bay : about 40 
 miles N of N. York city, juft at the fouth- 
 crn entrance of the high lands. The 
 brave Gen. Wayne diftinguiflied himfelf 
 in talcing this fortrcfs by dorm. 
 
 Stnney Mountains, in tiie N W part of 
 N. America, extend from S to N, and in 
 a N VV diretlion, from lat. 48 to 68 N. 
 The N part of this range is called the 
 Mountains of Bright Stones. 
 
 Stuv.ey Ri'ver, called by the French Bay- 
 0ul: Pierre, empties into the MirTihppi, 4 
 miles from Petit Goufre, and 10 from 
 Ijouifa Chitto. From the mouth of what 
 is called the fork of this river, is comput- 
 ed to be 11 miles. In this diftance there 
 are feveral quarries of ftone, and the land 
 has a clayey foil, with gravel on the fur- 
 face of the ground. On the N fide of 
 this river ihe land, in general, is low and 
 rich ; tiiat on the S tide is much higher 
 but broken into hills and vales ; but 
 here the low lands are not often overflow- 
 ed: both fides are fliaded with a variety 
 of ufeful timber. 
 
 Stonington, a poft town and port in N. 
 London co. ConnetSlicut ; 14 miles E by 
 S of N. London city, and 251 N E of 
 Philadelphia. The harbour fets up from 
 the Sound, oppolite to Fifher's Ifland. 
 The town is feparated from Rhode Ifland 
 by the E line of the ftate ; and was fettled 
 in 1658. Here are 6 places of public 
 worfliip ; and 5437 inhabitants. 
 
 Stonu Inlet, on the coaft of S. Carolina, 
 li S of the channel of Charlefton, at the, 
 N E corner of John's Ifiand, which is 
 bounded by Stono river on the W. It 
 is 6 miles from the S channel of Charlef- 
 ton, and from this inlet to that of North 
 Edifto, the courfe is S W by W | W, 
 diftant 11 miles. 
 
 Stcrm Cape, in the ftraits of Northum- 
 berland, is the northern limit of the 
 mouth of Bay Verte, and forms the S E 
 corner of th? province of N. Brunfwick. 
 
 Siormont County, U. Canada, is bounded 
 E by the county of Glcngary ; S by the 
 river St. Lawrence, the W boundary of 
 the towniTiip of Ofnabruck i and W by 
 
 the late townflup of WilHamfburgli, 
 running N 24 degrees \V, until it inter- 
 fevfts the Ottaw^a or Grand river ; thence 
 defcending that river, until it meet» 
 the N W boundary of the county of 
 Glengary. The co. of Stormont com- 
 prehends all the iflands in the river St- 
 Lawrence near to it, and the greater part 
 of the county lies fronting the St. Law- 
 rence. Smyth. 
 
 Stouenuch, a townfliip in Cumherlaad 
 CO. N. Jerfey. 
 
 Stoiighton, (called by the Indians, Pake* 
 mitt, or Fontipog, that \%,talcn from a fpring 
 that r/fcth out of red earth,) a townfliip in 
 Norfolk CO. Mailachufttts, incorporated 
 in 1726. It is bounded E by Braintrce, 
 W by Sharon, and is 15 miles fouthward- 
 ly of Bofton. It contains 16,000 acres of 
 land, and lozo inhabitants. Iron ore is 
 found here of an excellent quality, and 
 there is a rolling and flitting mill, which 
 manufacSlure confiderable quantities of 
 Heel and iron. Great quantities of char- 
 coal, bafkets and brooms, are fent thence 
 to Bofton. Early in the war a large quan- 
 tity of gunpowdei", of an excellent quality, 
 was made In this town, for the American 
 army, from fait petre, the produce of the 
 towns in its vicinity. 
 
 Stoiv, a townfliip of MalTachufetts,Mid- 
 d1efex CO. incorporated in 1683, and con- 
 tains 890 inhabitants, ?.6 miles N W of 
 Bofton. 
 
 Sto%v, a townfliip of Vermont, Chitten- 
 den CO. about 25 or 30 miles E of Burling- 
 ton, has 316 inhabitants. 
 
 Stoive Creek, one of the 7 townfliips Into 
 which Cumberland co. in N. Jerfey, is di- 
 vided. 
 
 Strabane, two townfliips of Pennfylva- 
 nia ; the one In York co. the other in that 
 of Wafhington. 
 
 Strafford, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, W of Thetford, adjoining, having 
 1642 inhabitants. 
 
 Strafford, a county of N. Hampfliire» 
 bounded N and N W by Grafton, S E by 
 Rockingham, and E by Maine. It con- 
 tains 25 townfliips, almoft wholly agricul- 
 tural, and has no fea port. The branchet 
 of the Pifcataqua and Merrimack, and 
 other ftreams water this county ; belide 
 the lakes Winnlpifeogee and OfTipee. It 
 contains 32,614 inhabitants. Cliieftown* 
 Dover and Durham. 
 
 Straits of Beerzng, or Bberiug, feparatC 
 the N W part of N. America from the N 
 E coaft of Afia. Beering's Ifland lies ia 
 lat. ss N, and Ion. 164 35 E. 
 
 Strajhurg^ a poil t«wu «f Virginia, She- 
 ■andotk 
 
STR 
 
 sue 
 
 kandoali co. on the N W branch of the 
 N fork of Shenandoah river, and contains 
 a handfome German Lutheran church, 
 and 60 or 70 houfes. It is 77 miles N E 
 by Nof Staunton, 18 S S W of Winchef- 
 ter, 310 S \V of Philadelphia, and 100 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Sirajhurg, a town of Lancafter co. Penn- 
 fylvania ; lituated on an eminence, and 
 in the centre of a fertile and well cultivat- 
 ed country, and contains about 60 houfes, 
 fevcral of which are built of brick. It is 
 % miles E of Lancafter, 58 W of Philadel- 
 phia, and 114 from Wafliington, and has 
 3421 inhabitants. 
 
 Strnjhurg^ a fettlemcnt in Kentucky, 
 near the BuUit Lick. 
 
 StratforJy a tovvnllilp in Grafton co. N. 
 Hamplhire, on the E bank of Conne<9:i- 
 cut river, between Cockburn N, and 
 Northumberland at the mouth of the 
 Upper Araonoofuck on the S. It was 
 incorporated in 1773, and contains a8i 
 inhabitants. It is 58 miles above Hanover. 
 
 Stratford, a pleafant poft town of Con- 
 nedlicut, in Fairfield co. on the W fide 
 of Stratford river, which contains 2 places 
 for public worfliip, feveral neat and com- 
 modious houfes, and 2650 inhabitants. 
 It is 14 miles S W of N. Haven, 20 N E 
 of Norwalk, and 318 from Wafliington. 
 The townfliip of Stratford, the Cuphcag 
 of the Indians was fettled in 1638, prin- 
 cipally from Maflachufetts. 
 
 Stratford Ri'ver. See Houfatonie. 
 
 Stratbam, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire ; 
 Rockingham co. Incorporated in 1693, 
 and contains 890 inhabitants. It lies on 
 the road from Portfmouth to Exeter ; 10 
 milesWof the former, and 4 E of the latter. 
 
 Stratton, a townfliip of Vermont, Wind- 
 ham CO. about 15 miles N E of Benningr 
 ton, having 271 inhabitants. 
 
 Straivberry Gap, a pafs in the moun- 
 tains on the road from Philadelphia to 
 Lancafter ; 42 miles W of the former, 
 and 16 S E of the latter. 
 
 Stra'whsrry River, falls into Lake Onta- 
 rio ; and is thus named from the great 
 quantity of large fruit of that name grow- 
 ing on its bank. 
 
 Si: Regisy a confiderable Indian village 
 on the S fliorc of the St. Lawrence, oppo- 
 fite Petite Ule, St. Regis. 
 
 St, Regis, Grande J/Ie, in the river St. 
 Lawrence, U. Canada, and in front of the 
 townfliip of Cornwall, contains from 
 300 to 1000 acres ; the foil is good ; and 
 the Indians have corn fields there. 
 
 St. Regis, Petite Jfe^ in the river St. Law- 
 rence, U. Canada, and in front of the St. 
 
 Regis Indians land ; the foil is good, and 
 the Indians have corn iitlds there, the 
 fame as on Grande Ifle St. Regis, which 
 is near to it. Smyth. 
 
 Strands, a ftage on the new road front 
 Lexington in Kencucky, to Virginia, 17 
 miles N E of Lexington. 
 
 Stroiidfoiirg, a poft town in Wayne co. 
 Pennfyivania,228 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Strong, a townfliip in Kcnuebcck co. 
 Maine, on the W fide of Kcnn check riv- 
 er, formerly called No. 3 or Recdftov/n, 
 about 40 miles N W of Augufta. 
 
 Stroudtvater. See Cafco Bay. 
 
 Stuart's JJland, on the N W coaft of N, 
 America, is about 6 or 7 leagues in circuit, 
 about 17 leagues from Cape Denbigh oa 
 the continent. N lat. 63 35. 
 
 Stuart, a town in Grafton co. N. Hamp- 
 fliire, on the E bank of Conneclicut riv- 
 er, has Colebrook on the S, and a tradt 
 of 2000 acres, on the N, belonging to 
 Dartmouth college. It has 99 inhabitants. 
 
 Stumjloivn, a fmall town of Pennfylva- 
 nia, Dauphin co. on a branch of Little 
 Swatara. It contains about 20 houfes, 
 and a German Lutheran and Calvinift 
 church united. It is 24 miles E N E of 
 HarriflDurg, and 89 N W by W of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Sturbridgc, a townfliip in the S W cor- 
 ner of Worcefter co. Maflachufetts, con- 
 taining 28,97,9 acres, bounded by Wood- 
 ftock and Union on the S, and on the N 
 by Brookficld. It was incorporated in 
 1738, and contains 1846 inhabitjints. 
 The butter and chtefe made here have 
 obtained high credit in the marktts. It 
 is 70 mi its S W by W of Bofton, and %Z 
 S W of Worcefter. 
 
 Sturgeon Creek. See Kittery. 
 
 Sturgeon Lake, is to the W of tVse chala 
 of lakes leading from the Grand Portage, 
 and E of Lake la Place, U. Canada. 
 
 Styx,?. ivnAi branch of Parowniac riv- 
 er, where it is called Cohongoronto. It 
 rifes in the Laurel Thickets, in the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains ; runs N, and emurfef 
 oppoilte to Laurel Cretk. 
 
 Succcfs, a bay, alio called Good Succefs, 
 on Terra del Fuego, or the weftern fliore 
 of Strait le Maire. S lat; 54 50, W Ion. 
 65 25. Cape Succers,on the point of^thia 
 bay, lies in lat. ;^5 1 S, and Ion. 65 27 W. 
 
 Succcf, an uninhabited townfliip of N. 
 Hampfliire,in Grafton co.NE of the White 
 Mountains on the E line of the ftate, in- 
 corporated in 1773. 
 
 Suck Creek, empties into TcnefTec river 
 from the S E, at the Suek, or iVhir/, v^'hcre 
 the river is contracted to the breadth of 
 
SUF 
 
 SUG 
 
 70 yard.?. It is a few miles N from the 
 Georgia N line. See Tenejfes and Shallow 
 ford. 
 
 Suchlhi^ C.ijys, on ihe N W i>art of N. 
 America ; off which, and to the N Ecnd 
 of Kaye's Ifland, ;s a muddy bottom v."ith 
 from 43 to ^7 fathoms water. The S W 
 point of Kiye's Ifland is in lat. 59 49 N, 
 and Ion. 1^3 2 W. 
 
 Sudbury-, a co. of N. Brunfwick, on tlie 
 W fide of 3t. John's river, towards its 
 mouth. 
 
 S-jdbury. or Sadhnry^ a townfhip of Ver- 
 mont, in Rutland co. having Orwell on 
 the W. It contains 521 inhabitants. 
 
 Sudbury^ Eif., a tovvnlliip of MalTachu- 
 fftts. MiddLfcx CO. on the poft road 19 
 milts W of Bofton. It was incorporat- 
 ed in 1780, and contains 835 inhabitants. 
 
 SudLury, IFefu or Sudhitry^ a townfliip 
 "W of £. Sudbury, and 25 miles W of Bof- 
 tOn. It xvas incorporated in 1639, and 
 contains 1303 inhabitant.^. 
 
 Sudbury Canada^ in York CO. Maine, is 
 on the S fide of Androfcoggin liver, and 
 S of AnJover. In 1796, it was eredled 
 into a townfhip called Bethel, and has 
 two parishes. 
 
 '5//c% Z,j, a powerful nation of Indians 
 inhabiting weftward of Lake Superior, 
 and the Miflfifippi. Warriors io,coo. 
 
 Suer., Fort Ic, in I.ouifiana, is on the W 
 bank of the Miffifippi, and E of Fort 
 L'Huillier, on St. Peter's river. 
 
 Suct^ a flourilliing village in the tov/n 
 of Dennis, co. of Baruflabie, bordering on 
 Harwich, containing 36 dvvelling houfes. 
 Belonging to this village are 5 fail of fifli- 
 ermen, and 24 fait works, which yield an- 
 nually upwards of 600 bufliels of marine 
 fait, befide 2700 lbs. of Glaubcrr f;ilt. 
 
 S:^jJieU,3i. pleafant pofi; town of Connec- 
 ticut, Hartford co. having a hindfomc 
 church and fome refpeclai)Ie dwelling 
 houfes. It is on the W bank of Connec- 
 ticut river on the great poft road from 
 Bv)flon to N. Yoi-k, 10 miles S of Sprinf^- 
 ficld, 17 N of Hartford, and 23 2 N £ of 
 Phiiadelpiiia. This townuiip w.is pur- 
 ciiafed of two Indian fachcm=i for >C3^> 
 3ud in i670,v/as granted to iVT.'i'ior Jblm 
 Pyncheoii, by the affemb'y of M^iFachu- 
 fetts. It has 2686 inhabitants. 
 
 SuffoU, a CO. of U. Canad.i, bounded E 
 by tne co. of Norfolk, S by lake Erie, 
 until it meets the c irrying place from 
 Point aux Pins unto the Thames ; W by 
 the carrying place, and thence up the 
 river Thames untd it meets the north- 
 wcflernmod boundary of the co. of Nor- 
 
 folk. Its boundaries were eflabliilied by 
 proclamation the 6th July 1792, It fends 
 in conjundl:ion with Eflex, one reprefeu- 
 tative to the provincial parliament. 
 
 Smyth. 
 
 Stffolk, a CO. of MalTachufetts, fo nam- 
 ed from that in England, in which gover- 
 nor Winthrop lived, before he emigrated 
 to America. It contains 4 towns, Bofton, 
 Chelfea, Hull and Hingham, which have 
 38,015 inhabitants.^ Suffolk was conftitut- 
 ed a county, May 10, 1643. See Majfa- 
 thufetls and Bojlon. 
 
 Suffolk^ a CO. of N. York, Long Ifland, is 
 about 100 miles long, and 10 broad, and 
 comprehends all that part of the ftatc 
 bounded eafterly and fouthcrly by the 
 Atlantic Ocean, northerly by the Sound, 
 and weftcrly by Lloyd's Neck, or Queen's 
 Village, Cold Spring harbour and the E 
 bounds of the townlhip of Oyfter Bay ; 
 the line continued S to the Atlantic Ocean, 
 including the iHc of Wight, now called 
 Gardner's Ifland, Shelter Ifland, Plumb 
 Iflands, P.obin's Ifland, and the Gull Ifl- 
 ands. Fifher's Ifland alfo belongs to it. 
 . It contains 19,464 inhabitants. There 
 jl are 9 townllaips. Suffolk co. court houfe, 
 Ij is 15 miles from Southampton, 27 from 
 Sagg Harbour, and 80 from N. York city. 
 Here is a pcft cfiice. 
 
 Suffolk^ a pofl: town of Virginia, in 
 Nanlemonu pco. en the E fide of the river 
 Nanfemond. It contains a court houle, 
 gaol, and about 40 houles. The river is 
 thus far navigable for veflels of 250 tons. 
 It is 28 miles W by S of Portfmouth, 83 E 
 S E of Peterfburg, no S E of Richmond, 
 386 from Philadelphia, and 340 from 
 Wadiington. 
 
 Suffolk, a pofl; town in Suflex co. Virgin- 
 ia, 185 miles from Wafliiagton. 
 
 Suffrage^ a tovvnfliip of N. York, in Ot- 
 fego CO. on the N fide of Sufquehannah R. 
 taken from Unadilla, and incorporated in 
 1796. Tlie name has been Cnce changed. 
 
 Si'gar Cr.'d-, or Coifarx Creek^ a COnfider- 
 ab!e branch of Little Miami river. 
 
 Sugar Hilly a ragged eminence, the top 
 of which overlooks and commands the 
 whole works of Ticonderoga, where the 
 waters of Lake George empty into Lake 
 Champlai;!, and oppoflte Fort Independ- 
 ence, in the ftate of Vermont. Gen. Bur.. 
 goyne made a lodgement on this hill, 
 wliich the Americans efiteemed inacceffi- 
 ble ; and thus forced Gen. St. Clair to 
 abandon the fort in June, 1777. 
 
 Sngarloaf Hilly a fmall natural landmark, 
 on the N fliore of Lake Erie, between 
 
 AbiuO; 
 
SUM 
 
 SUN 
 
 Abino, and the Grand river, on the bound- 
 ary between the townfliips of Humberf- 
 tone and Wainfleet. Sinvth. 
 
 Sugar River, in Chefliire co. N. Hamp- 
 fliire, rifes in Sunapee lake, and, after a 
 flio^t courfe W, empties into Connedlicut 
 R. at Clermont, and oppolite to Aflicut- 
 ney mountain in Vermont. There is a 
 ftrong expectation of uniting this river, by 
 a fliort canal, with Contocook, wliich 
 falls into Meniniack R. at Bofcawen. 
 
 Sugar LvafBay, on the N E fide of Juan 
 Fernandes Ifland ; lOO leagues W of the 
 coall: of Chili. 
 
 Sugar, a river of Veragua, which emp- 
 ties into the Bay of Honduras. 
 
 Sulli<van, a port town in Chenango co. 
 N. York, 499 "liles from Walhington. 
 
 Sullivan, a townfhip of Cheflitre co. N. 
 Hampfiiire, containing 488 inhabitants. 
 
 Sullivan, a poft town of Maine, Kan- 
 cock CO. and on Frenchman's Bay, xi 
 miles N W of Goldlborough, 3?; W S W 
 of Penobfcot, 310 NE of Boflon, and 
 796 from Wafhington. The townfliip 
 contains 504 inhabitants. See Iv'aukeague. 
 
 Sullivan, a county of Tenefteo, Wafh- 
 ington diftridl, 432 miles from Wafhing- 
 ton city. In 1795, it contained according 
 to the State cenfus, 8457 inhabitant?, of 
 •whom 777 Avere flaves. In i8oo it had 
 lOjCiiS inhabitant?. At the court houfe 
 there is a poft clHcc. 
 
 Sullivan s I/land, one of the three iilands 
 which form the N part of Charleiton har* 
 bour, in S. Carolina. It is about 7 miles 
 SEofCharlefton. 
 
 Sulphur Creek, Little, one of the fouth- 
 crn upper branches of Green river in 
 Kentucky ; and lies S W of another 
 branch called Bryant's I.icle creek. Near 
 this is a fulphur i'pring. 
 
 Sulphur Jjlands. See j\flargaret^s If.e.t. 
 
 Sulphur JKountain, a noted mountain in 
 the iiland of Guadaloupe, famous for ex- 
 halations of fulphur, and eruptions of 
 afhes. On the E fide are z mouths of an 
 enormous fulphur pit ; one of thefe 
 mouths is 100 feet in diameter ; the 
 depth is unknov/n. 
 
 Sumanyjlmvn, a village of Pennfylvania, 
 Montgomery co. 33 miles NWbyNof 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Sumner, a town in Cumberland co. 
 Maine, bounded by Hartford E and Paris 
 W. The weflerly branch of Ivventy miles 
 Stream runs through this town. Incor- 
 porated in 1798. 
 
 Sumner, a county of Teneflee, In Merc 
 din:ri<Sl:. It is bounded N by Kentucky, 
 Eand S by the Indian lands, W by Da- 
 
 vldfon CO. It is watered by Cumbfff- 
 land river. It is very fertile, and has ^ 
 Prelbyterian, a Baptift and a methcdift 
 churches. According to the cenfus, it 
 conta-ns 4616 inhabitants. 
 
 Sumpier, a didritft of S, Carolina, con- 
 taining 13,103 inhabitants, ds^'h being 
 flaves. See S. Caroliiia. 
 
 Sumpterfville,?i poft townin Clermont ca 
 S. Carohna, 519 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Sunap-e, a lake and mountain in Chefli- 
 ire CO. N. Hampfliire. The lake is about 
 8 or 9 miles long, and 3 broad, and fends 
 its wiUers thrcaigh Sugar river W, 14 
 miles to Conneelicut river. The moun- 
 tain (lands at the S end of the lake. 
 
 Sunbu'.y, a county of N. Brunfwick. It 
 is on the river St. John, at the head of the 
 Bayof Fundy ; and contains 8 townfliips, 
 viz. Conway, Capetown, Burton, Sunbu- 
 ry, St. Anne, Wilmot, Newton, and Mau- 
 gerville. The 3 laft were fettled from, 
 MafTachu lefts, Connecticut, &c. The 
 lands are generally pretty level, and tol- 
 erably fertile, abounding with variety of 
 timber. 
 
 Srml>ury, the chief town of Northumber- 
 land CO. Pennfylvania ; lituated near 
 where Fort Augufta was eredled, on the 
 E fide of Sufquehannah river, jufl below 
 the juncTiion of the E and W bra.nches of 
 that river, in lat. about 40 5 a N. It i» 
 regularly laid out, and contains a court 
 houfe, brick gaol, a Prefbyterian and Ger- 
 man Lutheran church, and about iCO 
 dwelling houfes. Here the river is about 
 half a mile bread, and at the ferry oppo- 
 fite Northumberland, about a mile high- 
 er, is -|ths of a mile. It is about 76 miles 
 above Reading, 120 N W of Pliiladel- 
 phia. 
 
 Sunhury, a port of entry and poft town 
 of Georgia, beautifully fituated in Liber- 
 ty CO. at the head of St. Catherine's 
 Sound, on the main, between Mcdway 
 and Newport rivers, about 15 miles S of 
 Great Ogeeche river. The town and 
 harbour are defended from the fury of 
 the fea by the N and S points of St. Hele- 
 na and St. Catherine's Klands ; between 
 is the bar and entrance into the Sound ; 
 the harbour is capacious and fa'c. and 
 has water enough for fliipa of groat bur- 
 den. It is a very pleafaiit healthy town,; 
 and is the refort cf the planters from the- 
 adjacent country, during the fickly 
 months. It w^as burnt during the late 
 war, but has fince been rebuilt. An 
 academy was cftaMi{l:ed here in 1788, 
 which has been under an able infiTu^SloJV 
 and proved a very ufeful jnftitution. Ft 
 
SlTF 
 
 ftUR 
 
 5t 4C inil«« S of Savannah, 974 from Phi- 
 ladelphia, and 690 from Wafliington. 
 
 Suncoci, York CO. Maine, now Lovell. 
 
 Sundertaiid, a townilup of Vermont, 
 Bennington co. 16 miles N E of Benning- 
 ton, and contains 557 inhabitants. A 
 lead mine has been difcovered in this 
 tovvnflijp. 
 
 Sunderljndy a townfhip of Maffachufetts, 
 in Hampfliire co. on the E fide of Con- 
 netSHcut river, about 10 miles N of Had- 
 ley and 100 W of Bofton. There is here 
 a handfome Congregational church, and 
 70 or 80 houies, lying chiefly on one 
 ftreet. It was incorporated in 171 8, and 
 contains 537 inhabitants. 
 
 Supay Urco, or DeviVs Hill., a remarka- 
 ble eminence in Quito, in Peru, between 
 the vallies of Chugui pata, and thofe of 
 Paute. It has its name from a fabulous 
 ftory of enchantment, propagated by a 
 fuperftitious Spaniard. It is thought to 
 contain rich mines. 
 
 Superior, Lake, formerly termed the Up- 
 per Lake, from its northern fituation. It 
 may juftly be termed the Cafpian Sea of 
 America, and is fuppoled to be the largeft 
 body of frefli w^ater on the globe. Ac- 
 cording to the French charts it is 1,500 
 miles in circumference. According to 
 Mackenzie its greatefl: breadth is laomiles, 
 and its circumference, including the bays, 
 but 1 200. A great part of the coaft is 
 bounded by rocks and uneven ground. 
 It is fituated between 46 and 50 N lat. and 
 between 84 30 and 92 W Ion. The wa- 
 ter is very clear, and tranfparent. If the 
 fun fliines bright, it is impoffible through 
 this medium to look at the rocks at the 
 b<^ttom, above a minute or two. Al- 
 though the water, at the furface, is much 
 warmed by the heat of the fun, yet, when 
 drawn up at about a fathom depth, it is 
 very cold. Storms are more dreadful 
 here than on the ocean. There are many j 
 iflands in this lake; two of them have each I 
 land enough, if proper for cultivation, to i 
 form a confidcrable province ; efpecial- 
 ly Ifle Royal, which is not lefs than joo 
 jniles long, and in many places 40 broad. 
 The natives fuppofe thefe iflands to be 
 the refidence of the Great Spirit. This 
 lake difcharges its waters from the S E 
 corner through the Straits of St. Marie, 
 which are about 40 miles long, into Lake 
 Huron. Lake Superior, although about 
 40 rivers empty into it, many of which 
 are large, yet it does not appear that one 
 tenth part of the waters Which it receives, 
 ia diicharged_^by the abovementioned |j 
 
 ftralt : Great part of the water* f^yvfi 
 rate ; and Providence doubtlefs makes ufe 
 of this inland fea to furnifli the interior 
 parts of the country with that fupply o£ 
 vapours, without which, like tlie interior 
 parts of Africa, they muft have been a 
 mere defert. A number of tribes livo 
 around the Lake. It abounds with a 
 great variety of fifli. There are trout» 
 weighing from 5 to 50 pounds, pickerel, 
 red and white carp, black bafs, herrings, 
 and white fifli. Thefe lafl: weigh from 4 
 to 16 pounds. No very large rivers run 
 into this lake ; the principal are the St. 
 Louis, the Nipigon, and the Michipicoten. 
 The lake is often covered with fog, which 
 when the wind is eaflerly falls on th© 
 weftern fhore in torrents of rain. Th© 
 lines on the rocks furroundingthisimmenf© 
 lake prove that the waters are about 4 
 feet lower than formerly. 
 
 Surinam^ a province of S. America, be- 
 longing to the Dutch. See Dutch Guiana, 
 
 Surinam, a beautiful river of Dutch 
 Guiana; three quarters of a mile wide 
 at its mouth ; navigable for the largeft 
 veflfels 1 2 miles, and for fmaller veflels 60 
 or 70 miles further. Its banks, quite 
 to the water's edge, are covered with 
 evergreen mangrove trees, which render 
 the piofpedl very delightful. The en- 
 trance is guarded by a fort and 2 redoubts, 
 but not of any great fl:rength. At 6 mile» 
 up, the Commanwine falls into it, and on 
 the point of land between the two rivers 
 are the forts. The town of Surinam i« 
 in lat. 6 10 N, and Ion. ss 22 W. The 
 befl: anchorage is under Zelandia Fort. 
 
 Surry, a county of N. Carolina, SaliflDury 
 diftridl ; bounded E by Stokes, and W by 
 Wilkes. It contains 9405 inhabitants, in- 
 cluding 962 flaves. The Moravian fet- 
 tlements of Wachovia are in this county. 
 Near the river Yadkin is a forge, which 
 manufadtures bar iron. The Ararat or* 
 Pilot Mountain, about 16 miles N W of 
 Saleni, draws the attention of every curi- 
 ous traveller in this part of the State. It 
 is difcernible at the diftance of 60 or yo 
 miles, overlooking the country below. 
 It was anciently called the Pilot, by the 
 Indians, as it ferved them for a beacon, to 
 conduct their routes in the northern and? 
 fouthern wars. On approaching it, a 
 grand difplay of nature's workmanfliip, 
 in rude drefs, is exhibited. From it» 
 broad bafe, the Mountain rifes in eafy af- 
 centj like a pyramid, near a mile high, to 
 where it is not more than the area of an 
 acre broad j when, on a fudden, a vafl 
 rtupendcu?! 
 
sus 
 
 sus 
 
 lUipendous rock, having the appearance 
 mf a large caftle, with its battlements, 
 •reikis its perpendicular height upwards 
 of 300 feet, and terminates in a flat, which 
 U generally as level as a floor. To afcend 
 ihis precipice, there is only one way, 
 which, through cavities and fiirures of the 
 rock, is with fome difficulty and danger 
 •ffedted. When on the fummit, the eye 
 is entertained with a vaft, delightful proi"- 
 pedl of the Apalachian mountains, on the 
 N, and a wide, extended level country 
 below, on the S ; while the ftreams of the 
 Yadkin and Dan, on the right and left 
 kand, are difcovered at feveral diftant 
 places, winding their way, tiarough the 
 fertile low grounds, towards the ocean. 
 
 Surry, a county of Virginia, hounded N 
 by James river, wliich feparates it from 
 Charles City co. E by Ille of Wight, and 
 W by Prince George's co. It contains 
 3^77 free inhabitants, and 3258 ll^ves. 
 At the court houfe there is a pod office. 
 
 Surry, a townlliip of N. Hampfliire, in 
 Chefhire co. containing 569 inhabitants. 
 It lies E of Walpoie, adjoining, and was 
 incorporated in 1769. 
 
 Surry, a town in Hancock co. Maine, on 
 the W bank of Union river, at its mouth, 
 about 20 miles N E of Caftine. 
 
 Siifquehanjiah River, rifes in Lake Ufca- 
 yanthe, in the State of N. York, and runs 
 in fuch a Terpentine courfe that it croiles 
 the boundary line between the States of 
 Pennfylvania and N. York, three times. 
 It receives the Tyoga river in N lat. 41 57. 
 Afterwards it proceeds S E to Wyoming, 
 without any obftrutfllon by falls, and then 
 S W over Wyoming falls, till, at Sunbury, 
 in lat. 41 it meets the W branch of Suf- 
 quehannah, wliich is navigable 90 miles 
 from its mouth. From Sunl)ury the riv- 
 •r is paiTable with boats to Harrilburg 
 and Middleton, on the Swatara. About 
 1$ miles above Harrilburg it receives 
 the Juniatta, from the north weft, pro- 
 ceeding from the Alleghany mountains 
 and flowing through a broken country. 
 Hence it takes its courfe about S E, until 
 it falls into the head of Chefapeak Bay, 
 juft below Havre de Grace. It is more 
 than a mile wide at its mouth, and naviga- 
 ble only 20 miles, the navigation being ob- 
 flru(Sted beyond that by the Rapids. The 
 inland navigation between Schuylkill and 
 Eufquehannah, v/ill bring by water to 
 Philadelphia, the trade of a mofl fertile 
 country of about 1000 miles fquare, or 
 6,000,000 acres of laiid. If this can be 
 accomplifhed,an inland navigation may be 
 «t(ily nuiie to the O^oand to Lake fifict 
 
 which would at once open a commnnf'« 
 cation with above aooo miles extent of 
 weftern country, viz. with all the great 
 lakes together with the countries which 
 lie on the waters of MiiTifippi, MifTouri, 
 and all their branches. The water com- 
 munication between Schuylkill and Suf- 
 quehannah, which is the foul of all this, 
 will be about 60 miles, as the navigatioa 
 mull go, although the di fiance on a line i» 
 only 40 miles. This tradl is cut by tws> 
 cree!c3,the Quitapahilla and theTuIpeho- 
 ken. Thefe two creeks lead within 4 
 miles of each other ; the level of their 
 head waters is nearly the fame, and the 
 fpace between them, makes tlie height of 
 laud, or, as it is conunonly called, the 
 cronvn /iz«^ between the two rivers wj/u-ii 
 is nearly on a plain, and the bottom of 
 the canal, through which the navigation 
 muft pafs, will no where rife more than 
 30 feet above the level of the head water* 
 of the two creeks above mentioned, nor 
 fo much as 200 feet above the level of the 
 waters of Sufquehannah or Skuylkil!. 
 The Company inilituted the 29th of Sept. 
 1 791, has a capital of 1000 fliares at 40« 
 dollars each, payab'e at iucli time as the 
 Company fliall dirccft. I'he work is al- 
 ready in forwardnefs. Coal of an excel- 
 lent quality is found on feveral parts of 
 this river, particularly at Wyoming. 
 
 Sujftxy the north wefternmoft co. of N. 
 Jerfey. It is mountainous and healthy, 
 and has feveral iron mines ; and work* 
 have been ere(5led for the manufadlure of 
 bar and pig iron. It produces excellent 
 crops of wheat ; and in no part of the 
 State are greater herds of cattle. The 
 produce is floated down the Delaware ia 
 boats and rafts. Here are 5 Prefbyteri- 
 an churches, a for Anabaptifts, i for Ger- 
 man Lutherans, and i for Quakers. It 
 contains 12 townfliips ; the chief of 
 wliich are Newton, Greenwich, Hardyf- 
 ton, Knowltovrn, and Oxford. The pop- 
 ulation is 22,534, including 514 Haves. It 
 is bounded N E by the State of N. York, 
 N W by Delaware river, which feparate* 
 it from Northampton co. in Pennfylvania, 
 and S E and S by Morris and Hunterdom 
 counties. Faulin's Kill is here navigable 
 for fmall craft 15 miles. The Mufconet- 
 cony, which divides the county from 
 Hunterdon, is capable of beneficial im- 
 provements, as is the Pequeft of Pequafet, 
 between the abovementioned rivers. The 
 c<mrt houfe in this county is 13 miles $ 
 W of Hamburg ; 38 N E of Eaflon, i» 
 Pennfylvania ; 41 S W of Gofhen, in N. 
 \rork J asd io8 N 1»t » •£ Philadelphia, 
 
 Tkc 
 
SWA 
 
 S WE 
 
 The village at this place is called Newton. 
 
 Stijfdx^ a county of Virginia, bounded 
 N E by Surry, and S W by Dinvviddie. It 
 contains 5074 free inhabitants, and 5988 
 flavcs. 
 
 Sujfsxy a maritime county of Delaware 
 State, bounded W and S by the State of 
 Maryland, N E by Delaware Bay, E by 
 the Atlantic Ocean, and N by Kent co. 
 It contains 19,358 inhabitants, including 
 2830 fiaves. Cape Henlopen is in the N 
 E part of the county. The land is gener- 
 ally low, fandy and poor. Chief town, 
 Georgetown 
 
 Sutherlands Creei, U. Canada, runs into 
 lake St. Francis, between Pointe au "odet 
 and Pointe Mouillee in the to'.v'ufl.ip of 
 Lancaftsr. Smyih. 
 
 Sutton^ a townfliip cf N. Hampfliire, 
 Hillfborough co. containing 870 iahabit- 
 aats. It was firft: calicd Penyftown, and 
 was incorporated in 1784. 
 
 Sutton, a townfliip in Worcefter co. 
 Maffachufetts, 46 miles \V S W of Bof- 
 ton, and 10 miles S by E of V.''of cefter. It 
 was incorporated in 1718, and contauis 
 2530 inhabitants. Here are 10 grift 
 mills, 6 faw mills, 3 fulling riiils, a paper 
 mill, an oil mill, and 7 trip hammers. 
 There are 5 fcythe and axe makers, one 
 hoe maker, feveral who v/orh r.t nail ma- 
 king, and 6 works for making pot afli. 
 Here are found ginfeag and the cohufli 
 root. The cavern, commonly called l\ir- 
 gatory, in the fouth eaftern part of the 
 town, is a natural curiohty. Bodies of 
 ice are found here In June, although the 
 defcent is to the fouth. 
 
 S-walloiv IJlandy in the Pacific Ocean, S 
 lat. 10, E Ion. from Paris, 16a 30; dil- 
 covered by Roggewlns, 1722. 
 
 Stuamfcot^ or Great Ri-vefj to cHftinguifll 
 it from another much lefs, alio called Ex- 
 eter Hiver, rifes in Chefter, in N. Hamp- 
 flilre, and after running through San- 
 down, Poplin, Brentwood, and a confid- 
 crable part of Exeter, affording many ex- 
 cellent mill feats, tumbles over a fall ao 
 or 30 rods in length, and meets the tide 
 from Pifcataqua harbour, in the centre of 
 the townfliip of Exeter, The fmaller river 
 rifes in Brentwood and joins Great river 
 about a third of a mile above Exeter. 
 Here are caught a plenty of alewives and 
 fome oyfters. Swamfcot is the Indian 
 name of Exeter. 
 
 Szuan IJland, in Maine, divides the wa- 
 ters of Kennebeck river, 3 miles from the 
 Chops of Merry Meeting Bay. It is 7 
 m21«i 1«b£, ^Bd ka* » oavigable chaanel 
 
 on both fides, but that to the E is moftly 
 ufed. It was the feat of thefachem Kene- 
 bls. The river itfelf probably took it» 
 name fr om the race of Sagamores of the 
 name of Kenebis. 
 
 iSw.^/jw^iwo, the E head water of French 
 Broad river, in TenelTee. Alfo the name 
 of a fettlement within about 60 miles of 
 the Cherokee nation. 
 
 Szuannjboroiigh, the chief town of On- 
 flow CO. Wilmington diftritSt.N. Carolina. 
 
 S-cvanfey, a townfliip in Chefliire co. N. 
 Hampiliire, adjoining Chefterfield on the 
 E, 97 miles W of Portfmouth. It was 
 incorporated in 1753, and contains 1271 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Sivtinfey, a poft town in Briflol ca. Maf> 
 fichufetts, containing 1741 irJiabitants. 
 It was incorporated in 1667, and lies 51 
 miles S of Bofton. 
 
 Sivantcn, a pofl town of Vermont, 
 Franklin co on the E bank of Lake 
 Champlaia, on the S lide of Mifchifcoui 
 river. I'his townihip has a cedar fwamp 
 in the N W part of it, towards Hog IH- 
 and. The Mifchifcoui is navigable for 
 the largeft boats 7 miles, to the falls ia 
 this town. 
 
 Stvanicivn, in Kent CO. Maryland, Is a- 
 bont 3 milesfoutheafterly of Georgetown. 
 
 S'wed^jlorough, a fmall poft town of N. 
 Jerfey, Glouceftet co. on Racoon Creek, 
 3 miles from its mouth. In Delaware riv- 
 er, 11 S by W of V/oodbury, 17 N by E 
 of Salem, 20 foutherly of ' Philadelphia, 
 and 1 66 miles from Wafhington. 
 
 Sivcd'rjb At^crica. The Swedes had an- 
 ciently fettlements on Delaware river, 
 and the Swediili church in Philadelphia 
 is the oldelt in that city. The only A- 
 merlcau fettlement they have now, is the 
 fmall ifland of Burthclometv, or BarthelemU 
 in the Weft Indies, which is about 30 miles 
 in length, and the fame in breadth. It was 
 obtained from France In 1785, and gave 
 rife to the Svvedifli W. India Company. 
 
 Sweet Springs, a poft town in Virginia, 
 30 miles E by N of Greenbriar, 93 W of 
 Staunton, 380 S W of Philadelphia, 
 and 300 miles from Wafliington. The 
 mineral fprings here often draw 4 or 50Q 
 people together for their health and a- 
 raufement during the months of July, Au- 
 guft, and September. 
 
 Sivect Water Creek rlfes ''among the 
 eaftern branches of Bear Creek and Tom- 
 bigby ; it runs N and empties into the 
 Teneiice 3 miles above Long Ifland. It 
 is fed by fprings of excellent water, 
 whence the name givea it, 
 
 Sivctarerj 
 
TAG 
 
 T AL 
 
 f*?Tioitar!t,A river of Pcnnfyivahla, which 
 fal's into the vSuiquehaana, from the N E 
 about 7 inile^ S E oir Harrifburg. 
 
 SyJneyy or Ca^jg Br^-tn IJlavd ; which feC. 
 
 S.ilttey, a town on the W lldt of K^ane- 
 becic river, in Kennebeck co. 9 miles N 
 of Aaguftii, and has lOii inhabitants. 
 
 Syrnjl.iry. Sf C S'lmjhury, 
 
 Sypomba, an iiland on the cotift of Bra- 
 ail, ill 8. America, about 7 leagues N E 
 oi" Sr. John's Iiland, and N W from a 
 r^oge of illands wluch form the great 
 Bay of Para. 
 
 JL AAWIURT, one of the two fmall ifl- 
 ands within the reef of the ifland of Ota- 
 heite, in the S. Pacific Ocean. 1 hcfe ifl- 
 ands have anchorage within the reef ihac 
 farr<:unds them. 
 
 Tabago, an ifii^nd in the Bay of Panama, 
 about 4 miles long, and t, broad. It is 
 iTiountainous, and abouods with fruit 
 tries. N lat. 7 50, W Ion. 60 16. 
 
 Tuou/.oj an iflauJ in the S W part of 
 the Gulf ol Mexico, and at l"he bottom of 
 the Gulf of Cawntachy, is about 36 miirs 
 long, and about 7 brosd ; and on it is 
 built the town of TaLafco, in lat. 17 40 
 N, and Ion. 93 39 W. It is the capital 
 of a rich piovince of its name, and is fit- 
 uated at the mouth of the river Grijalva, 
 90 miles E of Efpirito S.mto, and 160 S 
 E of Mexico. It is not large, but is well 
 built, and is confiderably enriched by a 
 confb-int rcfort of merchants and tradef- 
 men at Chiiltnias. The river Grijalva 
 divides itfelf near tiie fea into two branch- 
 es, of which the wePtf ru falls into the 
 river Tabafco, which rifes in the moun- 
 tains of Chiapa, and the other continues 
 its courfe till wiihin 4 Vagucs of the fca, 
 where it fubdividcs, and feparaies the iti^- 
 and from the continent. Near it aie 
 plains which abound with cattle and oth- 
 er animals, pirticnlarly the mountain 
 cow, io called from its refembling that 
 creature, and feeding on a fort of mofs 
 found on the trees.near great rivers. 
 
 Tulle Mountain. See S. Curalina. 
 
 TaLogttilla, or LluL TaLigo, An idand 
 in the bay of Panama. The channel be- 
 tween them is narrow but good, through 
 which liiips pafs to Point Ciiama or Naia. 
 
 'Tiihooyamanoo, a fmail iilnnd in the Pa- 
 cific Ocean, fubjecc to one of the Society 
 Iflands. 
 
 Tacatnes^ a bay on the eoaft oi Peru, in 
 V4.t. I. Jji-s^e 
 
 1 It. about I 6 N, and 3 leagues to the 1-1 
 E of Point Galera. 
 
 Tach fi Faint ^ oa the toaft of N. Mexico, 
 1 2 miles from t!ie town of Pomaro. 
 
 'TudoufM, a fmall place in L. Canada, 
 at tlic m;|)uth of tiie river Sagu.nay, on 
 the N ii\\)te: of the river St. JLawrence. 
 Here a cimfiderablc trade has lecn ear- 
 ned ou Vv'lih the Indians, they bringing 
 their furs and eicluingiug them for iiu- 
 ropean /:loths, uic.ililsand trinkets. It is 
 98 miles below Quebec. N lat. 48, \V 
 
 Ion. 67 35. See Su^uc/i./y Hi-ver, 
 
 Taenfa, a fettlement in Vv'. Florida, oa 
 the E cliannnel of the great Mobile riv 
 er, on a high bluiT, and on the I'eite of aii 
 ancient (adian town, which is a}>parent 
 from many artiiicial mounds of cartlx 
 and other ruins. It is about 30 miles 
 a!)Ovc Fort Conde, or city of Mobile, 
 at the he.id of t!ie bay. Here is a de- 
 lightlul and cxtetiiive prolpecl of fomc 
 fiourilhin^ plantations. The inhab- 
 itants are rvrcflly of French eitraiTlion, 
 and are chiefly tenants. The myrica tpo- 
 dor.j, or wax tree, grows here to the htHght 
 o'f 9 or 10 feet, and produces excellent 
 wax for candles. 
 
 Tci^apife^ a caf>!e erected on a point of 
 land in the Bay of All Saints, in Brazil. 
 It h pretty coniiderable, and adds greatly 
 to ti>c ftrength of St. Salvadore. 
 
 Tai^o, Snrt.. on the W coRfl of N. Mex- 
 ico, between Salagua and the White Rock. 
 
 Tc'hcra^ one of the fn^.alleft of tiie 
 Sandwich Iflands, 3 leagues from the S 
 W p?rt of Mov.'ce. 
 
 Talch.-fochtc^ a confiderablc town of the 
 Seminole Indians, ii'uattd on the elevat- 
 ed E banks of the Little river St. Jolin, 
 near the bay of /.jralache, in the Giilf 
 of Mexico, about 75 miles from the Ala- 
 chua favanna Hcie are near 30 habita- 
 tions conftrudted rl" frame work, and 
 covered with the b:;rlc (jf tf)e cyprefs tree, 
 after the mode of Cufcov/illa, and a fpa- 
 cious ?.nd neat council honfc. I'l-cfe In- 
 dians have large handfome canoes, which 
 they form out of the trunks of cyprcls 
 trees, feme capacious enough to hold 20 
 or 30 warriors. In thcfe they defcend 
 tlie river on trading and hunting expedi- 
 tions en the fca coaft, iflands, and keys, 
 (]uite to the Point of Florida ; ;md Ibmc- 
 times crofs the Guif and go to the Baha- 
 ma Iflands, and even to Cuba, and bring 
 returns cffpiriti:ous liquors, cofTcc, fugar, 
 and tobacco. 
 
 Talaptcf^e, or TuUapcofee, the ;^rcat N E 
 branch of the Alatjnia or Mobile riycr. 
 
TAL 
 
 T AM 
 
 m Florida. It rifes in die High -lands near ' 
 the Cherokecs,and runs through the hi;^h | 
 country of the Oakfulkce tribes in a weft- ' 
 ward!)' diredtion, and lo full of rocks, falls } 
 and iiioals, until it reaches the Tucka- [ 
 batches, where it becomes deep and qui- I 
 ft ; from thence the courie is W about j 
 30 miles to Little Tallafic, where it unites | 
 ^vith the Cocfa or Coofa Hatcha. At j 
 Coolfome, near Otafle, a Mufcogulge i 
 town, this river is 300 yards broad, and I 
 about 15 or 20 feet deep. The water is I 
 clear and falubrious. In moft maps ', 
 iht lower part of this river is called Oui- ' 
 
 /"/.'. I 
 
 Tdlajf.-f^ or TaUaJlce, a CO. confiding of ) 
 a tradt of land bounded by E. Florida on 
 tlie S, from which the head water of St. 
 Mary's rivtr partly feparates it ; N by 
 Alatamaha river, E by Glynn and Cam- 
 den counties, and W by a line which ex- 
 tends from the W part of Ekanfanoka 
 Swamp, in a N E direction till it ftrikes 
 the Alatamaha river, at the mouth of the 
 Oakmulgce. It is faid that the ftate of 
 Geolgia had extinguiihed the Indian 
 elaiiu to this trad; of land, but it has been 
 given up to tlic Indians as the prire of 
 peace ; for which that Hate makes a claim 
 ^^^^ £S'^^'^oo with intereft, fince the treaty, 
 upon the United States. 
 
 Taloffef, a town of the Upper Creeks, 
 in the MifTiGp])! territory, on the S fide 
 of Talapoofee river, diftant aUou*.; 3 days 
 journey fjom Apalachicola on Chata 
 Uclic river. It is alio called Big Taiai- 
 Ice. 
 
 'Talhert's TJland^ on the coafl of Georgia, 
 the N point of which is in hit. about 30 
 44 N, wh«rc St. Mary's river empties into 
 the ocean between this illand and Amelia 
 Illand on the N. 
 
 Talbot, an ithmd on the coaft of E. Flor- 
 ida. The lands at th-e entrance of NafTau 
 lie three miles ofFthe S E point of Amelia 
 I. and from the N E point of Talbot I. 
 
 'Talbut, a county of Maryland, on the 
 E ihorc of Chcfapeak bay, bounded E by 
 Choptcink liver, which divides it from 
 Caroline co. and 3 by the fame river, 
 ■»vhich feparates it from Dorcefter. It 
 contains 13,436 inhabitants, of whom 
 47 7 5 arc llaves. The foil is rich and fer- 
 tile. 
 
 Talti(rujff!a, a cape on the coafc of Chi" 
 H,ii leagues N E of the iHand of St. Ma- 
 ry, and 2 N of Port St. Vincent. 
 
 Talcaniama Port, is 9 miles within the 
 above pt;int of its name, and is one of 
 tv.'o ^ood roads in the bay of Conceptioa, 
 
 Thefown here has been built fince the city^ 
 of Conception was deflroyed by an earth- 
 quake in 1 75 1, which was 3 Icr^gues dif- 
 tant. The town flands on tiie river Bio- 
 bio, and contains iCjOOO inhabitants. 
 Here is the Epifcopal cathedral, the feat 
 of the Bifliop, and all the religious houfes. 
 The government of the dif^ridl has bteu 
 wholly military and ccclcfiaftica). The 
 country round is remarkably healthy and 
 fertile, yielding 60 fold. Vail numbers of 
 cattle are annually killed for their hides 
 and tallow, which are fent to Lima. A- 
 bout aoo,ooo dollars worth of gold is an- 
 nually colletSled from the fands of the 
 rivers in this billioprick. The Indians of 
 this country have numerous herds of cat- 
 tle, and plenty of horfca, and live more 
 like the 'I'artars of Afip, than the favages- 
 of N. America. See Correptim. 
 
 Tallonv Point, 2i mark for anchoring in 
 the harbour of Port Royal, on the S 
 coaft of the ifland o-f Jamaica. 
 
 Tcloo Harbour, on the N hde of the ifl- 
 and of Eiraco, in the S. Paciiic Ocean. S 
 lat. 17 30, "W Ion. 150. 
 
 Tamalequsy an inland city, in the prov- 
 ince of St. Martha, on the coafV of Terra 
 Firma. it is fituatcd on the banks of 
 Magdalena river, and carries on a trade 
 on that river from New Granada to Car- 
 thagena, from whence it is diflant above 
 I jo miles. 
 
 Tamar^ Cape, is the N W point of a 
 large bay and harbour on the N fliore of 
 the Straits of Magellan, within the cape. 
 The S E point of the bay is named Prov- 
 idence. S lat. 52 51, W Ion. 75 40. 
 
 Tamarika, an illand on the coaft of Bra- 
 zil, about 24 miles in length, 2 miles Nof 
 Pornovello, and has a harbour and good 
 frelli water. S lat. 7 56, W Ion. }^$ 5. 
 
 Tawatamquz, called by the Spaniards, 
 Villa de las Puhnas, a town of Santa Mar- 
 tha, in Terra Firma, S. America ; on the 
 E bank of Santa Martha river, about a8 
 miles above TeneritTe. 
 
 Tambo Land, on the coafl of Peru, ex- 
 tends about 9 miles from Cape Remate to 
 Playa de los Perdrice«, or the Partridge 
 Strand, about 9 miles. There is clear 
 and good anchorage upon this firand, un- 
 der a row of high, ridgy, and fandy liilU. 
 On making them from the fea, they re- 
 femble a covey of partridges juft rifing-^ 
 hence the name of the coaft. 
 
 TamTtianys^ St. a village on Dan river, 
 in Virginia, 15 miles from Gill's Bridge, 7 
 'from Mecklenburg court houfe, 42 from 
 Ilrtlifax court houie, in N. Carolina, 39?. 
 
 from 
 
TAP 
 
 TAR 
 
 from Philaddphia, and 226 from Wafli- 
 ington. Here is a pofl: office. 
 
 Tammatiyy Fort St. or St. Mary's, at the 
 mouth of St. Mary's river, on the S line 
 of Georgia. See St. Mary's. 
 
 Tammata Pjppa, a low ifiand of the N 
 Pacific Oceiin, laid to be near the Sand- 
 wich Iflands. 
 
 Tamou Ijli^d, one of the fmall iflets 
 whicii form part of the reef on the E Tide 
 of Uiietea I. one of the Society Iflands. 
 
 Tdmpa.. See Spiv'.tu Sunto. 
 
 Tam-wortb, a townlliip in the northern 
 part of Strafford co. N. Hampll^ire. It 
 contains 757 inhabitants. 
 
 Tanlfanty Bay, on the coafl of Brazil, 
 has a good road, flieltered by the fands 
 that lie off within 3 miles of the llaore, 
 between Point Negro and Point Luena. 
 
 Tancytoivn^ a fmall poft town of Mary- 
 land, in Frederick co. between Piney Run 
 and Pine Creek, on which are a number 
 of mills and fome iron works. It lies 27 
 miles N by E of Frcderickftown, and 71 
 from Walliington. 
 
 Tancla, or Tonda, a tradl of jliore on 
 the W coaftof Mexico, on the N. Pacific 
 Ocean, commencing near the Sugar Loaf 
 Hill, about 16 miles within the land, 
 bearing N E and S \V with the burning 
 mountain of Lacatecolula about 18 miles 
 up the river L.impa. 
 
 TangoLiy an ifland in the N. Pacific O- 
 cean, and on the W coall: of N. Mexico ; 
 affording good anchorage and plenty of 
 wood and water. It is about 60 miles W 
 of Guatimaia. 
 
 Tunguey, or Toujruey, on the coafl: of 
 Chili, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is yj miles 
 from Limari, and in lat. 30 30 N. 
 
 Tanfa, a. branch of the river Mobile, 3 
 leagues below the Alabama branch. 
 
 'X't-ioo, the moft foutherly of the friend- 
 ly Klauds, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is 
 about 10 leagues in circuit, and fo elevat- 
 ed as to be leen at the difhaace of 12 
 leagues. 
 
 Tuouka, an illand In the S. Pacific O- 
 cean, one of the Society iHands. S lat. 
 14 30, W lt>n. 145 9. 
 
 T'lpanatfpeque, a town of Guaxaca, and 
 audience of Mexico. It ftands at the fooc 
 of the mountains Ouelenos, at the bottom 
 of a bay in the S. Sea ; reprcfented as one 
 the pleafantefl: places in this country, and 
 the ijcft furniilied with flefli, fowl anxl 
 fifli, being contiguous both to the fea and a 
 river, amidll rich farms, each of which 
 being ftocked with batween 1000 and 
 40CO head of cattle. Here arc delightful 
 
 walks of orange, lemon, citron, fig and 
 other fruit trees. 
 
 Taparica, a long ifland on the W fide of 
 the entrance into the Bay of All Sainrs, 
 in Brazil. See Bahia. 
 
 Tapayo^ a town of S. America, on the S 
 bank of Amazon river, eafterly from the 
 mouth of Madeira river. 
 
 Tappahannock, a poft town and port of 
 entry of Virginiri, in Effex co. between 
 DangerfieM N, and Hofkin's creek S, and 
 on the S W bank of R^ppahinnock river, 
 54 miles from Richmond, 67 from WiU 
 liamlhurg, and 117 from Waihington. It 
 isalfo called Hobbss' Hole ; which fee. It 
 is laid out regularly, on a rich plain, and 
 contains about 100 houfcs, an epifcopal 
 church, a court houfc, and gaol ; but is 
 rather unhealthy. The exports for one 
 year, ending Sept 30, 1794, amounted to 
 the value of 160,673 dollars. 
 
 Tappan, or Oraugctoivn, a town of N. 
 York, m the S ¥. part of Orange co. about 
 4 miles from the W bank of Hudfon riv- 
 er, and at the S end of the Tappan lea. 
 Here is a reformed Proteftaiit Dutch 
 church. Major Andre, adjutant general 
 to the Britilli army fuffered here as a fpy, 
 OiEl. a, 1780; having been tnken on his 
 way to N. York, after concerting a plan 
 with major general Arnold for the deliv- 
 ering up Wfft Pomt to the Britilh. 
 
 Tappan Sea, or B.iy, a dilataiion of Hud- 
 fon river, oppofue the town of Tappan, 
 and 2i3 miles N of N. York city ; iiiiniedi- 
 attly S of and adjoining Haverflraw Bav. 
 It is 10 miles long and 4 wide ; and !ias 011 
 the N fide fine quarries of a reddiili free 
 flone, ufed for buildings and grave (tones; 
 which are a fource of great wealth to the 
 proprietors. See SUcp Rocks. 
 
 Tuipuyes, or Tapayos, the mf)^ confidera- 
 ble nation of the native Brazilians, in S. 
 America, that have not yet been conquer- 
 ed by the Portuguefe They fprcad Iheni- 
 felves a great way inland to the W, and 
 are divided into a number of trlljes or 
 cantons, ail governed by thtir owu kini'". 
 'Taraljumary, a province of N. Spain, 
 1200 miles from the capital. 
 
 'tarhorou^h, a poft town of N- Carolina, 
 on the W lide of Tar P.ivcr, abcut 8> 
 miles from its mouth, 140 from Ocrecock. 
 Inlet, no N byE of Fayetteville, 37 S oC 
 Halifax, ii2 fe by W of Pctprlburg in 
 Virginia, and 420 S W of Philadelphia. 
 It contains 523 fouls, a court houfc and 
 gaol. Large quantities of tobacco, of the 
 Pcterfburg quality, pork, beef, and Indian 
 corn are coUc<5led here for eiportation. 
 
TAT 
 
 AU 
 
 Tarifa, or C.bk/jas, one of the fourteen | 
 jurildictioas, belonging to the archbilliop- 
 ric ol Plata, in Peru. It lies about 90 
 inile<; S of Plata, and its greateit extent be- 
 \:\'^ about icj miles. The temperature 
 of the air is various ; in fome parts hot, 
 and in others C!>Id ; fo that it has the ad- 
 vantage of corn, fruits and cattle. This 
 couiiiry abounds every where in mines of 
 gold and hlver ; but efpccially that part 
 called Chocayas. Between this province 
 and the country inhabited by the wild In- 
 dians, runs the large river Tipuanys, the 
 fauds of which being mixed with gold, 
 are wjiihed, in order to icparate the grains 
 of thit metal. 
 
 T.//, or Pamlico Ri-ver^ a confiderable 
 river of N. Carolina, which purfues a S E 
 courfc, and paHing by Wadiington, Tar- 
 horouj;;h and Grteu^illt, enters Pamlico 
 Sound in Lit. 35 ii N. It is navigable 
 for vcfTcls drawing 9 feet water to the 
 town of W'afliington, . 40 miles from its 
 mouth, and for Icows or flats carrying .'^o 
 or 40 iihds. 50 miles farther to the town j 
 of Tai uerough. According to the report 
 
 a co;;vilirt:e, appointed by the legifla- 
 
 of 
 
 tare of N, Carolina, to inquire into the 
 prarfticahility of improving the inland 
 iiivigationofthe State,it is fuppolcd that 
 
 I iiis river, and Fifliy Creek, a branch of 
 it, may be made navigable 40 miles above 
 Tarborough. 
 
 Tirpaidln Covf, on the coaft of M'rfTa- 
 chufetts, lies about 3 leagues N N W of 
 
 II limes's ?Io!e,in Marth.i's Vineyard. It 
 is higli water here, at full and change, 2 
 minutes after 10 o'clock , 5 fathoms 
 •water. 
 
 Turrytown, a conhderable vill.-jge in 
 the towniliip of Greenfburgii, N. Yoik,oa 
 tile E b:!nk of Hudfon's river, 30 miles N 
 of N. York city. Under a large tree, 
 which is flicvvn to travellers as they pafs 
 the river, is th.e fpot where the unfortu- 
 nate Mijor Andre was taken ; who was 
 afterwards executed at Tappjr. 
 
 Tarjhivn. See Leivifourg, Pcnnfylva- 
 nia. 
 
 'Tartes Raplh, Zt, on the river Ohio, 
 40 miles above the mouth of the Great 
 Kanhaway. 
 
 Tai^.a^oucbe, a place in Nova Scotia, on 
 a fliort bay which fcts up ioutherly from 
 tlte Straits of Norihumberland ; about 25 
 miles from Oiiilow, and 21 from the ifl- 
 aud of St. Ji)hn's. See South xinptcn. It 
 has a very good road for veJiels, and is 
 known alfo under the names iataptagan- 
 abcu. 
 
 Tafnafl, a new county in Georgia. 
 
 Tuinam Cape^ the eatkrn point of Haye*s 
 river, in Hudfoa's Bay. N lat. 57 35, W 
 Ion. 91 30. 
 
 latooetee, an ifland in the S. Pacific O- 
 cean, one of the Ingraham Ifies, caUcd by 
 Capt. Ingraham, /■ra;////'«, and by Captain 
 Roberts, Blake. See Ingraham Jjls. 
 
 Taumato^ an ifland about #250 league* 
 from Mexico, where de Quiros fbyed i^ 
 days. One of the natives named above 
 60 iflands round it. Some of the names 
 follow, viz. Manicola, Cliicayno, larger 
 than Taumaco, and about 300 miles from 
 it ; Guatopo, 130 miles from Taumaco; 
 Tucopia, at lOQ, Avhere the country of 
 Manicola lay. The natives had, in gen- 
 eral, lank hair ; fon^e were white, with 
 red hair ; fome niulattocs, with curled 
 hair ; and fome woolly like negroes. De 
 Qiiiros obferves that in the bay of Philip 
 and James, were many black ftones, very 
 heavy, fome of which he carried to Mex- 
 ico, and upon afi'aying them, they found 
 lilver. 
 
 Taunton, a river which empties into 
 Narraganfet Bay, at Tiverton, oppofite 
 the N end of Rhode lOand. It is formed 
 by fcveral ftreams which rife in Plymouth 
 CO. MalTachufctts. Its courfe is about jO 
 miles from N £ to S W, and it is naviga- 
 ble forfmail veilcls to Tauntcn. 
 
 Taunton, a poft town of Malllichufettf, 
 nnd the capita! of Briflolco.onthe Wfide 
 of Taunton river, and contains 40 or 5Q 
 houfcs, compadlly built, a church, court 
 houfe, gaol, and an academy, which v/as 
 incorporated in i 792. It is 36 miles S by 
 E of Bofton, ai E of Providence, 21 N of 
 Bedford, and 460 from Wafliington. The 
 tt>wnfliip of Taunton was taken from 
 Raynham, and incorporated in 1639, and 
 contains 3860 inhabitants. A flitting 
 mill was erei^ed here in 1776, and for a 
 confiderable time the only one in Malla-. 
 chuftits,and was then the belt ever built 
 in .America. The annual production of 
 3 mills now in this townfliip is not Icfs 
 than 800 tons of iron ; about jctons are 
 cut, and 3C0 hammered into nails, and 
 the remainder is wrought intofpades and 
 fliovels; ofxvhich lafl article 2CO dozen 
 arc rolled annually. Mr. Samuel Leon- 
 ard rolled the fjrft fhovel ever done in A- 
 mcrzca. This invention reduces the price 
 one half. Wire drawing, and rolling Ihect 
 iron for the tin manufacture arc executed 
 here. There is alfo a maDurrt<5tory of a 
 fpecies of ochre, found here, iaio a pig- 
 ment of & dark yehow colour. 
 
 Tvuntm 
 
TEL 
 
 TEL 
 
 Taunion Bay^ in Maine, Is 6 miles from 
 
 Freiichman'a Bay. 
 
 Taveniier Key, a fmall jflc One of the 
 Toriugas, 1 miks from the S W end of 
 Key LHrgcand 5 N E of Old Matacombe. 
 N ofthJ« laft iiland is a very good road. 
 
 Tuivandcs Crjc.i, in Nortiuimbcrland co. 
 Pcnnfylvania, runs N E into the E branch 
 of Sul'quehaunah, i2 miles S E of Tioga 
 Point. 
 
 Tazvasy an Indinn tribe In the (late of 
 Ohio, 1 8 miles up the Miami of the Lake. 
 Another tribe of this name, inhabit high- 
 er upthe fame river, at a place called the 
 Rapids. 
 
 Tij-iuexlivi, The EngUJh^ Of Picque To'u>n, 
 in the State of Ohio, is ikuatcd on the 
 N W bank of the Great Miami, 35 miles 
 below the 5 mile portage, to the Mianii 
 «f the Lake, and 68 S W by S of Miami 
 Fort, it was taken in 1752. by the French, 
 N lat. 4041, W Ion. 84 48. 
 
 *Tazeiudl^ a poft town in Clairbvourne 
 
 «o. TeaefTee, 517 miles from Walliinoton. 
 
 Tuzjivell, a county in Virginia, 370 
 
 miles from Wafhington. Here is a poft 
 
 office l.ept at the court houfe. 
 
 Tsacba, a fmall id^nd clofe to the E 
 flidre of Northampton co. Virginia, and 
 N by E of Parramore lilaud. 
 
 Tecot^tepecy a large bay on the V coafl 
 of N. Mexico, on the S fide of the Ifthnuis 
 from the bay or Gulf of Campeachy, in 
 the S Wpart of the Gulf of Mexico ; and 
 bounded W by Point Angelos. The port 
 tv)wn of its name, lies in lat. 15 28 N, and 
 Ion. 96 15 W. 
 
 Tcconk Fulls, are in Kcnnebeck river, 18 
 mllesabove theflowingof the tide, 65 above 
 tlie mouth of the river. In the courfe of ; 
 ao rods the water falls ao fe^t over a rag- j 
 5°d bed of rocks, 400 feet in v.'idth. At ' 
 the head of the falls an ifland of folid rock 
 lifts its fummit, waiting to receive a bridge, 
 which it is expedled will be erected over , 
 the river in this place. I 
 
 Tihuacan, a city of N Spain, i%o miles j 
 S E of Mexico. I 
 
 Ti'/y Sounds on the cor.fl: of Georgia, S > 
 cf Savannah river, is a capacious road, j 
 where a large fleet may anchor in from j 
 lo to 14 fathoms water, and be land-lock- j 
 ed, and have a fafe entrance over the bar ' 
 of the river. The flood tide is generally ,1 
 7 feet. • ;! 
 
 T'lka^z burning mountain on the W i! 
 Co?it of N. Mexico, feen at N N E over jj 
 the ridge of Tofta. It is one of the range | 
 of volcanoes which are feen along the 
 
 toaft from Fort St. John'? to I'ecaantc- 
 
 peck, and is i3 mllos from Volcano del 
 Vejo, or old Man'-? Burning Mountain ; 
 and there are two otiiers between them, 
 biut not fo eafily dirccrned,as ihey do not 
 often emit finoke. 
 
 Tellico Black Hciife^ in TernefTee, cre<3:* 
 
 ed in 1794, (lands on the Nbauk of Twi'r 
 
 nelTee river, imme<iiate.'y oppoliie the »e* 
 
 mains of Fort Loudon ; and is computed' 
 
 to be 900 miles, according to the courie 
 
 of ti;e river from its mouth, and 7,7, miJes 
 
 S of JCnoxville in TennciTec. In poirit of 
 
 litualiou,i: is muchrdmired. A gentleman 
 
 of great tafte andfcience, who had f. ea 
 
 much of Europe and America generally, 
 
 exclaimed, upon carting his eve fic^m it i.p 
 
 the river, to the eaft, '* What a fcene for 
 
 the exercile of the genius of a landfcape 
 
 painter! '* Upon this view you behold the 
 
 Tenncflee for feveral miles defcending 
 
 from the foot of the mountains. At about 
 
 iix miles the eye is intercepted by the 
 
 Chilhov/ee mountain, extending from N 
 
 E to S W ; and further to the E y«^)u be- 
 
 Ijold mountain riling above moxuitain to 
 
 a great height, in fummer clothed in rich 
 
 verdure, and in winter covered with ihow. 
 
 To the S looking acrofs tlie river and. 
 
 over looking the remains of Fort I^-udon, 
 
 is a very exteuf: v^c plain, formiug a very 
 
 pleafing contraft wi:h the mouiitaius, in 
 
 which are a nur.-iber of tlie Cherokee 
 
 I towns, at prefent inhabited, and the re- 
 
 I mains of manyotliers, which liavc bet'Ti 
 
 j dcflroyed by the white people fiticc the 
 
 }eari776. To the W the eye Is again 
 
 I delighted WMth a view, for »rtiic;,c;owr» 
 
 • the river, and the remain-, of feverai 
 
 ; large Indian towns. From the N 
 
 I come-s Nine mile Creek, through a rich 
 
 I tiadt of country, and empties into the 
 
 i TennefTee one hundred paces ^bove the 
 
 I b'ock houfe. As a mihtary poft, it hits 
 
 been the corner ftoce of the prefent peacp 
 
 with the Cherckees, and creeks too, fo 
 
 far as rcfpeils this country; snd as a 
 
 trading port, it will very much contribute 
 
 to the preferv alien of peace with thcfe 
 
 two nations. 
 
 TeUigno-, Great, in Tepe.^ce, was on tl^e 
 E fidp of the Chota brancli of TenefTee 
 river, about 25 m^Ies N E of the mouth 
 of Hclfton river, and 5 S of the line which 
 marked Lord Granville's Fmits of Caroii- 
 na. This Avas a Britifli factory, eftablilh- 
 ed after the treaty of WeftminHer, in 
 1729.^ 
 
 Telliguo I^rTount'alr.s., lie S of the abovft 
 place, and feem to be p?,rt of what are 
 
 WW 
 
TEN 
 
 TEN 
 
 now called the Great Iron Mountains, in 
 ihe lateft maps. 
 
 Temfie^ a. place in New Galicia, 200 
 leagues N W of the city of Mexico. 
 
 Temple, a townfliip of N. Hampfliire, 
 HilUhoroui^h co. N of New Ipiwich, and 
 70 miles W of Portfmoutli. It was incor- 
 porated in 1768, and contains 867 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Temple, a town in Kcnnebeck co on the 
 W lide of the river, incorporated in 
 1803. 
 
 Ti'r:?ple Bay, on the Labrador coaft, op- 
 fiofite Belle Ifle. A Britifn fettlement of 
 this name was deftroyed by the French, 
 in 06tober, 1796. 
 
 TempUton, a poft towR in the N W part 
 of Worcefter co. Mafi'achufetts, contain- 
 ing I c68 inhabitants. It was granted a.s 
 a bounty to the foldiers in king PhiUp's 
 tvar, and was called Nurraganfet No. 6, 
 until its incorporation in 1762. It is 63 
 miles W by N W of Bofton, 28 N by W 
 of Worcefter, and 472 from Wafliington. 
 
 Tench's IJland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 was difcovered in 1790, by Lieut. Ball, 
 and liea in lat. i 39 S, and Ion. 151 31 W. 
 It is low, and only about t miles in circuit, 
 but is entirely covered with trees, includ- 
 ing many of tlie cocoa nut kind. It 
 a!)ounds with inhabitants, and the men 
 appear to be remarkably flout and healthy, 
 
 Tenerijfe, a town of Santa Manila and 
 Terra Firma, in S. America, fituated on 
 rhe eaftern bank of the great river Santa 
 Martha, below its confluence with Mada- 
 ^ena, about 135 miles from the city (;f San- 
 ta Martha, towards the S, the road from 
 winch capital toTenerifFeis very difficult 
 bv land, but one may go very calily and 
 agreeably from one to the other partly 
 l»y fea, and pai dy by the abovemention^d 
 river. 
 
 Tennant's Harbour, OH the coafl: of Maine, 
 !ies about 3 leagues from George's Iflands. 
 
 Tctiejfec, the moft confiderable Ridge of 
 ihe Cumberland Moiii-itain. It feparates 
 the waters of the 'renellee and Cumber- 
 land Rivers. In fome parts it rifes into 
 abrupt hills, but in others it admiib of good 
 roads. 
 
 Tencjfte, a navigable river of the State 
 of TenefTee, called by the French Cherokee^ 
 and abfutdly by others, Hogohegee river, 
 is the large (I branch of the Ohio. It rif- 
 es in the mountains of Viroinia in about 
 lat. 37, and purfues a courfe of about 
 1000 miles S and S W nearly to lat. 34, 
 receiving from both fides a number of 
 Urge tributary dreams. It then wheels 
 
 about to the N in a circuitous courfe, and 
 mingles with the Ohio, nearly 60 miles 
 from its mouth. It is navigable for vcf- 
 fels of great burden to the Mufde ShoJs, 
 ^SO miies from its mouth. It is there 
 about 3 miles broad, full of fmall iflc=;, 
 and only palfable in fmall boats or bat- 
 teaux. The navigation here may be much 
 improved the bottom being loofe (lone* 
 eaiily removed. From thefe flioals to the 
 JVhirl, or Suck, the place where the river 
 is contratEled to the breadth of 70 yards, 
 and breaks through the Great Ridge, or 
 Cumberland Mountain, is 250 miles, and 
 the navigation for large boat'^ all the w\j 
 excellent. Boats eafily afccnd the IVhirl 
 being towed. The highefl: point of nav- 
 igation upon this river is Tellico Block 
 Houfe, 900 miles from its mouth accord- 
 ing to its meanders. It receives HoLftoii 
 river 22 miles below Knoxville, and then 
 running W 15 miles, receives the Clinch. 
 'Fhe other waters which empty into Ten- 
 eifee, are Duck and Elk rivers, and Crow 
 Creek, on the one fide ; and the Occachap- 
 po, Chickamauga and Htwafl'ee rivers on 
 the S and S E fides. In the Teneflee and 
 its upper branches are great numbers of 
 filh, fome of v.'hich are very large and of 
 an excellent flavour. The river to which 
 the name TenefTce was formerly confined, 
 is that part of it which runs N, and re- 
 ceives Holfton river 20 miles below Knox- 
 ville. 'Fhe Coyeta, Chota, and Chilha- 
 wee Indian tovv ns are on the W fide of 
 the river ; aiid the TaliafTe town on the 
 E fide. 
 
 Tcnnc£'ee, one of the United States of 
 America, and, until i796,called the Tentt^f" 
 fee Government, OX Territory of the United 
 States, South of the Ohio. It is in length 4OO 
 miles, and in breadth 104; between lat. 
 2,S and 36 30 N, and Ion. 8i 28 and 91 
 l'6^^. It is bounded N by Kentucky 
 and part of "Virginia ; E by N. Carolina ; 
 S by the Miliifippi Territory, W by the 
 MilfilippL It is divided into 3 diftridls, 
 viz. Wafliington, Flamliton, and Mero, 
 which are iubdividcd into 22 counties, 
 viz. Wafliington, Sullivan, Grei-ne, Carter, 
 Hawkins, Knox, Jeflerfon, Cocke, Sevier, 
 Blount, Grainger, Anderfon, Claiborne, 
 Roane, Davidftm, Sumner, Robcrtfon, 
 Montgomery, Williamfon, W'ilfon, Smith, 
 and Jackfon. The fird 5 belong to Wafli- 
 ington diftriifl, the next 9 to that of Ham- 
 ilton, ai;d the 8 latter to Mero diflriift 
 'Fhe two former difl:ri6ls are divided from 
 the latter, by an uninhabited country of 
 91 nules in extent; that is, from the 
 
 block 
 
TEN 
 
 TEN 
 
 felock houfes, at the point formed by tlie j 
 junction of tlie Clinch with the Tenadlce, 
 called y. W. Point, to fort BIcunc upon 1 
 Cumberland R. through which there is a j 
 •waggon road, opened in the i'unamet of i 
 1795, and now kept inrepairby a turnpike I 
 company. There are few countries !o 
 well watered with rivers and creeks. The | 
 principal rivers are the MiHifippI, Ten- | 
 nelltc, Cumberland, Hohlon, and Clinch. ' 
 The tracfl called the broken Ground, fends 
 immmediatety Into the MiiTtfippi, the 
 Woif, H:itchee, Forketl Deer, Obian or 
 Obean,and Rcelfoot ; wiilch are from 30 
 to 80 yards wide at their months ; mofl: 
 of the rivers have exceedingly rich low 
 grounds, at the extreoiity of which is a 
 ffcond bank, as on moft of the lands of 
 the Miirillppi. Beftde thefe rivers, there I 
 aYe fcveral fmailer ones, and intuimerab'.e i 
 creeks, fome of which are navip,able. In ' 
 fliort, there is hardly afpv>t in this country, ! 
 which is more than 20 miles from anaviga- 
 blcftream. Thechief mountains are Stone, 
 Yellow, Iron, Bald, and Unaka, adjoining 
 to one another, from the eaftern boundary 
 of the ftate, and feparate it from N. Car- 
 olina ; their direcT:ion is Dearly from N E 
 to S W. The other mountains are Clinch 
 and Cumberland. It would require a vol- 
 ume to describe the mountains of this 
 State, above half of which is covered with 
 thofe that are uninhabitable. Some of 
 thefe mountains, particularly the Cumber- 
 land or Great Laurel Ridge, are the moft 
 ftiipendous piles in the United States. 
 They abound with ginfeng and coal. 
 Their caverns and cafcades are innumer- 
 able. The Enchanted Mountain, about 2 
 miles S of Brafs Town, is famed for the 
 curiofities on its rocks. There are on 
 fcvcml rocks a number of impreffions re- 
 fembling the tracks of turkies, bears, 
 horfes, and human beings, as viiible and 
 perfect as they could be made on fnow or 
 iand. The latter were remarkable for hav- 
 ing 6 toes each ; one only excepted, vvrhrch 
 appeared to he the print of a negro's foot. 
 By this v.'e muft fuppofc the originals to 
 have been the progeny of Titan or Anak. 
 One of thefe tracks was very large, the 
 length of the foot 16 inches, the diftance 
 of the extremes of the outer toes it^ inches, 
 the proximate breadth behind the toes 7 
 inches, the diameter of the heel ball 5. 
 One of the horfc tracks was likewifc of 
 an uncommon fizc, the tranfverfe and con- 
 jugate diameters, were 8 by lo inches ; 
 perhaps the horfe which the Great War- 
 rior rode. What appears the moH in fa- 
 
 vour of their being the real tracks of tht 
 animals they rcprefcnt,is the circumftanc^ 
 of a horft's foot having apparently flip-* 
 pcd fcveral inches, and recovered ara n, 
 and the figures having all the fame direc- 
 tion, like the trail of a company on a 
 journey- if it be a li^fus naium; flic never 
 fporlcd more feriouily. If the ()ptration 
 of chance, perhaps there was never more 
 apparent ritftgn. If it were done by art,' 
 it ruight be to perpetuate the rtmtm- 
 brance cf fome remarkable event of war* 
 or erg;igcn-.ent fought on thegrcnird. ""J he 
 vaft heaps of ftones near the place, fatd to 
 be tombs of warriors (lain in battle. Item 
 to favour the fuppohtion. The texture cf 
 the rocks is foft. The part on which the 
 fun had the greattfl infiuence, nnd wbicU 
 was tlie moll indurjite'l, could tafily be ciiC 
 with a knife, and appeared to be- ol the na- 
 ture of the pipe flone. Some of the Cher- 
 okees entertain an opinion that it aUva\3 
 rains when a%iy perfon vilits the place, a:v 
 if fympathetic nature wtpt at the recol- 
 Iet9:u)n of the dreadful catHflrophe which 
 thofe figures were intended to comtncn -> 
 orate. Ihe principal towns areKnoxville, 
 I the feat cf government, Nafiivilie, ami 
 I Tonefoorough, befide 8 other towns, whii !v 
 are as yet of little importance. In 1791, 
 I the lumiber of inhabitants was eftimated 
 I ^f 35/^^J''^' ^^^ November, 1795, the 
 I number had increafed to 77,262 perfon'^, 
 I Iri i8co there were 105,602 inliabitants, 
 I of whom 13,584 were flaves. The foil i* 
 luxuriant, and will afford every produc- 
 tion, the growth of aiiy of the United 
 States. The ufu;d crop of ccttnn is Scclbs. 
 to the acre, of a long and fine iTaple ; and 
 of corn frcm 60 to 80, and fometimes 100 
 buflitis. It is afferted, however, that the 
 lands on the fmall rivers, th??t cmptv into 
 the Miihfippi, have a decided preference 
 to thofe on Cumberlanfl river, for the pro- 
 du«51:ion of cotton, rice, and indigo. Of 
 trcee, the general growth ii poplar, hick- 
 ory, black and white walnut, .-til kinds of 
 oaks, buckeye, b^ech, fycamore, black and 
 i[ honey locuft, alli, hornbeam, elm, mul- 
 I berry, cherry, dogwood, fafTafras, poppaw, 
 i cucumber tree, and the fugar tree. The 
 undergrowth, erpecially on low lands, 19 
 , cane ; fome of which are upwards of ao 
 j feet high, and fo thick as to prevent any 
 I other plant from growing. Of herbs, 
 I roots, and ilirubs, there are Virginia and 
 1 Seneca fnakcroot, ginfeng, angelica, fpice 
 wood, wild plum, crab apple, fweet annife, 
 I redbud, gii:ger, i^iikenard, wild hop and 
 1 grape vi-ocs. The glades are covered witk 
 ' wild 
 
TE N 
 
 T EN 
 
 will J rvcy wlitl oats, clover, buff Joe, grvS's:, ] f^^v'r.yof. ftrongly impregnated v.-Ith fulphur ■ 
 jftrawoerries and pea vines. Ou the hills jj are tound in various p-ir£s. Saltpetre 
 at the liead of rivers, and in fonie hi^h !j caves are ninnerous ; and in the courfe of 
 riicf^ ot Cumberland, ars found majcitic j' tae year 1796, fcveral tons of ialtpetre 
 
 were lent to the Atianitc miirketb. 'I'h's 
 j country iuraiilies aU the valuable articles 
 j of the fouthern States. Fine wa£gcn and 
 j laddie horics, beei cattle, gim'eiig, deer 
 
 r?<i cedars ; many of thefe are 4 feet in 
 uiamerei-, and 40 £eec clear of limbs. The 
 imimals are iiich as arc found in "• e neigii- 
 bcuriiig States. The rivers arc w.. .1 flock- 
 ed with all kinds of fre'.h water fiih ; a- 
 ruiong which are trout, percli, cat fifli, buf- 
 Jidacfilli, red liorie, eeK, «S.,c. Sonie cat 
 iiih have been caught v.'hich weighed up- 
 wards of 100 pouudi : the weltera waters 
 being more clear and pure than the eafiern 
 rivers, the iim are in the lame degree more 
 lirm and favcury to iJie tafle. in 1799, a 
 liiK was caught in the Holfton, a few miles 
 below KnoxviUo, about 6 ieet long, the 
 fcalcs cf which were large, and thickfct, 
 
 iKins and furs, cotton m great quantiues, 
 
 hemp, and flax, may be tranfported b.y 
 
 land; alio iron, lumber, poik and fiour 
 
 may be exported ingieat quantities, now 
 
 ij that the nivigation of the Miiiihppi i» 
 
 ; opened to the citizens of the United States. 
 
 |! In ioJi, the exports of tins State, the N 
 
 j; W. Territory aud Miiiiuppi, amounted ta 
 
 ll 443^955 tloils. The Prefln'terians are ch% 
 
 I| prevail ng denomination of Chji:Hans ; is 
 
 :! 1788, they had 23 large congregations, 
 
 and gave lire by coilifion wi:h a flint, like '} who were then fupplied by only 6 mijiif- 
 
 I ters. I'here are alio fame BaptifU and 
 I Methodifis. The inhabitants have paid 
 I greit attention to the interefts offcience ; 
 i befide private fchooL^,tiiere are 3 college* 
 j eltabiifhed by la>v ; Greenville in Greeu'j 
 j CO. Blount at Knoxvdle, and Wailiingtoa 
 j in the county of tliat name. The college 
 ; in Green's coimty is ilouriiliing under the 
 i direction of a Preiident and Vice Pref- 
 ident. [See Grc'tnviite.'] Here is likewif* 
 a" Society for promoting ITfeful Knowl- 
 edge." A tafte for literature is daily hi- 
 i creailng. The inhabitants chieilv enii- 
 grated/rom Peanfylvania, and that part of 
 
 fi^l. The climate is temperate and 
 Lealthrul ; the fumniers are very cool and 
 picafant in that part Vvhich is contiguous 
 to the mountains that divide this State 
 from N. Carolina ; but on the v/cflern 
 iide of the Cumberland Mountain the 
 h.^at is more intcnfe, v/hich renders that 
 part better calculated for the produclion 
 of tobacco, cotton and indigo. JLime ftone 
 is common on both lides of Cum'.?criand 
 Mountain. There are no ftagnant v/.;ters ; 
 and this is certainly one of the reafons 
 v/hy the inhabitants arc not afHicled with 
 th.>fe billions and intermitting fevers, 
 
 ri'hich are Co frequent, and often fatal, | Virginia that lies W of the 
 
 Bear the fame latitude ou the coall of the 
 fouthern States. V^Huitever may be the 
 caures,thc inhabitants have been remarka- 
 blv healthy ftnce they fettled on the waters 
 ©f Cumberland R. The country abounds 
 With mineral fprings. Salt licks are found 
 in many parts of the country. [See Camp- 
 brWs Sailncs.] Iron ore abounds in the dif- 
 tricls of Wadiington and H:'.m!!ton, and 
 f ne ftreams to put iron works in opera- 
 tion. Iron ore v/as lately difcovered, upon 
 the S of Cumberljknd river, about 30 miles 
 below Kanivillo, and a furnace is now 
 ercdling. There is a bloomery, furnace, 
 and 2 forges in Robertfon co. Several 
 
 Ridge. 
 
 Tiie anceflors of thefe people were gener- 
 ally of the Scotch nation ; forae of whom 
 emigrated fiift to Ireland, and fiom thence 
 to America. A few Germans and Ea- 
 glifii are intermixed. In 1788, It was 
 thought there were 20 white perfons to i 
 negro ; and the difproportion is thmight 
 to be far greater nov/. This country wa» 
 included in the id charter of king Charles 
 II. to the proprietors of Carolina. In a 
 fubfequent divifion, it made a part of N. 
 Carolina. It was explored about tht 
 year 1745, and fettled by about 50 fami- 
 lies in 1754 ; who were foon after driven 
 ofFor deftroyed by the Indiana. Its fei- 
 
 lead mines have been difcovered, and one j tlement recommenced in 1765. Tie 
 
 on French Broad has been worked ; the 
 ore produced 75 per cent, in pure lead. ,' 
 The Indians fay that there are rich filvcr ji 
 irJnes in Cumberland Mountain, but can- jj 
 not be tempted to difcover any of them ;, 
 to the white people. It is fald that gold 
 has been found here ; but the mine from 
 which that metai v.-as extracted is now un- 
 kn^wa ty the whit? people. Ores a^d 
 
 firft permanent fettienient took place near 
 Long Ifland of Holfl()u,and upon Watau- 
 ga, about 1774 ; and tiie rirlt appearance 
 of any perfons from it, in the public coun- 
 cils of N. Carolina, was in the conventioa 
 of that State in i//^. In the vear 17^0, 
 a party of about 40 families, under the 
 guidance and diredtion of James Robert- 
 ton, (fmcs Bri^. G^a. Rgbcrtion, of Mero 
 
 iiftiia 
 
TEO 
 
 TEtl 
 
 diflrlA) pafTed through a wildornefs of at 
 lead 300 miles to the French Lick, and 
 there founded Nafliville. Their iiearelt 
 neighbours \Vere the fet tiers of the infant 
 State of Kentucky, between whom and 
 them, was a vvildernefs of 200 miles. From 
 the year 1784, to 1788, the government 
 of N. Carolina over this country was in- 
 terrupted by the afiumed State of Frank- 
 land ; but in the ye-iriyS^, the people 
 returned to thair allegiance. In 1789, 
 N. Carolina ceded this territory to the 
 United States, on certain conditions, r.nd 
 Congrefs provided for its government. 
 A convention was held at Knoxviile, in 
 1796, and on the 6th of Feb. the couftitu- 
 tion of the State of Tenntflce was fign- 
 ed by every member of it. I'-s principles 
 promife to enfure the happinefs and prof- 
 perity of the people. Tiie Indian tribes 
 within and in the vicinity of this State 
 are the Cherokees and Chickafaws. 
 
 Tsnejce R'lJge^ the height is fo called, 
 which divideo the waters of Tvmeiiee riv- 
 er from thofe of the Cumberland, extend- 
 ing from Cumberland mountain to the 
 river Ohio, a courfe ofnearly 300 miles, if 
 meafured by its meanders in which it re- 
 fembles the m.ofl: ferpentine river. Its 
 I'eneral bearing, for the firil: half of the 
 way, is weftwardly, and then northwcfler- 
 ly. It Hopes away from Cumberland 
 mountain, fa that in the meridian of 
 NafJiville, it is only a gradual fwell ; 
 though much of it farther W is higher and 
 more abrupt. From fome of its highcl^t 
 points one may overlook a vaft extent of 
 country. As it fliifts its direcflion con- 
 tinually, ribs extend from it in all points 
 of compafs, and thefe again are fubdivid- 
 ed, and fplit into ftill farther ramifications, 
 the heads of the different hoUt)ws giving 
 origin to flreams of water, which, collecft- 
 ing together round the points of the 
 fours or ribs of the ridges, form creeks 
 and rivers. 
 
 Tenfazv, a fettlement near Mobile Cay, 
 inhabited in 1787 by 90 Ameiican fami- 
 lies. See Taertfa. 
 
 Tfowenijla Crck^rwxiZ foutherly about 28 
 miles, then wefterly 6 miles, and empties 
 into Alleghany river about 18 nn'les from 
 its mouth, and nearly 5 below the Hick- 
 ory town. 
 
 Tepeafa, in Mexico. See A?j>^cIos. 
 
 T.-quajo, or Tifjuas, a province of Mexi- 
 co ; in about lat. 37, where are 16 vil- 
 lages. 
 
 Teqtirpa, a part of the coafl of New 
 Mexico, 1 8 leagues N W of Acapulco. 
 Vol. 1. Ffff 
 
 Tequuy Bjj, on the S E part of the 
 coaft of the ifland of Cuba, between Cape 
 Cruiz, and Cape Maizi, at the E end. It 
 alFords good anchorage and fueker for 
 fhip^-,but is not much frequented. 
 
 Termhij, Laguuu, or Lai: of 'T/d-j-, lies 
 at the hottoai of t)i2 Gulf of Campeachy, 
 in the S W part of the Gulf of hiexico. 
 It is v/ithin Triefte and Beef IHancl, atid 
 Port Royal liland. The tide ru;is very 
 hard in, at moit of the channels betv.'ecii 
 the iHands ; hence the name. 
 
 Ten a Blavxiiy in Mexico. See Ar.yelou 
 Terra dc Lairaton^ or the Ploughmaii's 
 Land, the name given by the Snaruai-ds iO 
 Labrador, inhabited by the Efquimaux. 
 
 Terra del Fuego JjIunJ^ or J^and (^ Flrd^ at 
 
 the S extremity of S. America, is feparated 
 
 from tlie main on the N by the Scraits of 
 
 Magellan, and contains about 4:4,000 
 
 fquare miles. Thi. is the iargeil of the 
 
 iflands S of the Straits, and they receive 
 
 this name on account of the vafl f.re3 and 
 
 fmoke v/hich the firll difcoverers of th m 
 
 perceived. The iHand of Statcn I^and 
 
 j lies on the E. They are all barren and 
 
 i mountainous ; but tnere have been found 
 
 ! feverJ. f'>rts of tri.ci and plants and a va- 
 
 I riety of birds on the lower grounds and 
 
 I iflands that are i!ultered by the hill-.. 
 
 j Here are i"ound v/inter's baik, and a {-^/z.- 
 
 I cies of arbutus v.-hich has a very well tail- 
 
 ! ed red fruit of the 'i\z^ of fniail cl:i2rries. 
 
 : Plenty cf cellery is found in fome phvc^s, 
 
 and the rocks are covered v^ith very line 
 
 ; muicles. A fpecif s of duck as large as a 
 
 I goofe, and called the loggerhead duck at . 
 
 ! the Ealklaad Mauds, is here met w'tf., 
 
 ; which beats the water with its wings and 
 
 I feet, and runs along the fca with incon- 
 
 I ceivable velocity ; and there are alio 
 
 I geefe and falcons. 
 
 ! T^rra Fir ma, OX Cijillc del Ore, the moft 
 ' northern province of S. America, i-<GO 
 i miles in lengthy and 700 in breadth ; iii- 
 i uated between the equator and 13 N Iz^t. 
 i and between 60 and 82 W Ion. bounded 
 i Nby theN. Atlantic Ocean, here called 
 ; the N Sea, E by the fame ocean and ' uri- 
 1 nam, S by Amazonia and Pei u, and W by 
 jithe N. Pacific Ocean, it is called Terra 
 Firma fr.-un being the firil part of the, 
 continent difcoxcred by th.e Spaniard?, 
 and is divided inlo Terra Firma Proper, 
 or Darien, Carthagena, St. Martha, Vene- 
 zuela, Comana, Paria, New Granada, and 
 Popayan. The chief towns are Porto 
 ReUo, Pnnama, Carthagena, ar.d Popayj;x:. 
 The principal bays of this province in the 
 Pacific Oct an, aie thofe of Pai'^ma and 
 
TE R 
 
 HA 
 
 i>t. -M'cha£l, in the N. Sea, Porto Bello, 
 Sino, Gui.ira, &c. The rhief rivers are 
 the Darien, Chagre, Santa Maria, Concep- 
 tion, and Oroaoke. Tlie climate, efpec- 
 ially in the northern parts, is extremely 
 hoc and fulrry during the whole year. 
 From the month of May, to the end of 
 Nov. the feaibn called winter by the in- 
 habitants, is almoft a continual fuccelilon 
 of thunder, rain and tempers, the clouds 
 precipitating the rain with fuch impetu- 
 olity, that the low lands exhibit the ap- 
 pearance of an ocean. Great part of the 
 country is coniequently flooded ; and this, 
 together with the exceflive heat, fo inv 
 prcgaates the earth with, vapours, that in 
 many provinces, particularly about Popa- 
 yan and Porto Bello, the air is extremely 
 uuvvholeli.)nie. The foil of this country 
 w vory diiVerent, the inland parts being 
 very rich aad fertile, and the coafts fandy 
 and barren. It is impolhble to view with- 
 out admiration, the perpetual verdure of 
 tiie woods, the luxuriancy of the plains, 
 and the towering height of the mountain*. 
 This country produces corn, t'ugar, tobac- 
 co, &c, and i'ruits of all kinds. This part 
 of S. America \y3.s di ['covered by Colurn- 
 bui in his third voyage to America. It 
 \va3 fLibducd and fettled by the Spaniards 
 about the year 1514, after destroying, 
 with great inhumanity, feveral millions of 
 Lhe natives. 
 
 ^Tcrra Flrr/ia Proper^ or Darlen., a fubdi- 
 ■vifioii of Terra Firma. Chief towns, 
 Porto Bello, and Panama. See Darlen. 
 
 Ttvr.i M i^ellan'ica. See Patu^onla. 
 
 ^erra N,-fva,neiit Iludfon's Straits, is in 
 lat. 6% 4 N, and loi>, 67 W, high water, 
 at full and change, a little before 10 
 o'chick. 
 
 Tcrtitory N. IV. of ihe Oh'w, or N. Wejl- 
 em 'Tcrrit-irv. Ail that part of the Unit- 
 ed Stares was fo called, which lies bet v/een 
 ,■"^7 and 50 N lat. and between 8t 8 and 98 
 o W Ion. bounded N by part of the north- 
 ern boundary line of the United States ; 
 E by the lakes and Pennfylvanui ; S by 
 the Ohia river ; W by the Millifippl ; 
 ertiniated to contain 263,040,0^0 acrc^j.of" 
 which 43,040000 are water. This por- 
 tion of the United States is now divided 
 into the Stat: of Obh, the Indiana Tt;rritaryy 
 and IV.iync county, which forms a feparate 
 «li(trict and governmont. See thefe fev- 
 eral heads, Tlie N v/eftern part of the 
 above 'I'erritory lying N of tlie Illinois, 
 and between the lakes, and the Miiliiippi, 
 is ftill inhabited by Indians, and is not in- 
 cluded iii eitlier of the iibove diviuca;;;. 
 
 In fome parts, the country is too hilly fcf 
 cultivation, and in fome places between 
 the Ohio and the lakes, the land is fo ilafe 
 that the water Hands tdl niidfummer. 
 For miles the ground is not viilble, yet 
 the waier is not more than from 12 to iS 
 inches deep. 
 
 Tiffidon, a river of Upper Canada 
 which falls into lake Huron, 50 league* 
 N W of French river, in lat. 46 12. ai N. 
 
 Tefligos, iilands, near the coaft of New 
 Andaluiia, in Terra Firma, on the S coaft 
 of the Caribbean Sea. Several fmall iil- 
 ands at the E end of the ifland of Marga- 
 rita lie between that illand and thofe call- 
 ed Teftigos. N lat. 11 6, V/ Ion. 6r 48. 
 
 Ttleroct Harbour^ on the W fide of the 
 ifland 'of Uiietea, one of the Society Ifl- 
 and'. 
 
 'Tcthuron^ an illand in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, about 24 miles from- Point Venus 
 in the ifland of Otaheite. S lat. 17 4, W 
 Ion. 149 30. 
 
 Ta-zeuco, a brackifh lake ra Mexico. 
 See Mexico. 
 
 Ti'iifianufbfofiggoghta, an Indian village 
 on the northern bank of Alleghanv river, 
 in Pennfylvauia, 5 miles N of the S line 
 of the State, and 14 E S E of Chatough- 
 qu« Lake. 
 
 Teivljhury, the Wa?nrJ]t, or Paivtuclctt 
 
 of theIndians,atownOiip of Mafiachufetls, 
 Middlefex co. on Concord river, near its. 
 jvmcftion with the Merrimack 24 miles N 
 of Bofton. It was incorporated in 1734 
 and contains 944 inhabitants. 
 
 'Teiv>tjln.ry,z.\.iyw>\^\v^ of N. Jerfey, Hun- 
 terdon co. The townfhips of Lebanon, 
 Readington, and Tev.dcfbury, contain- 
 ed in 1790, 4370 inhabitants, including 
 268 flave-^. 
 
 Thames., River, in Connecflicut, is form- 
 ed by the union of Shetucket and Little, 
 or Norwich rivers, at Norwich Landing, 
 to which place it is navigable forvelTel* 
 of confiderable burden ; and thus far the 
 tide flows. From this place the Thames 
 pui-fues a foutherly courfe 14 miles, pall- 
 ing by New Ivondon on its W l>ank, and 
 empties into L. Ifland Sound ; forming the 
 line harbour of New London. 
 
 Thiimcs River, U. Canada, formerly call" 
 ed La Tranche or Trenche, and by the 
 Indians EjTexcutmyfcepe, rifes in the Chip- 
 pawa country, and running S W waflies 
 the counties of (the W riding of) York, 
 Norfolk, Sufl'olk, aud Kent, and empties, 
 itfelf into Lake St. Clair, above De Troit j 
 it is a river of confiderable extent, with- 
 out fall^. From its upper branches it 
 c»mmumcate8 
 
THO 
 
 THO 
 
 communicates by fmall portages with 
 Jake Huron, and the Grand River ; the 
 fcite of Oxford is on its Upper Fork; and 
 that intended for Dorchefler on its middle 
 J'ork ; London on the Main Fork ; and 
 Chatham on its Lower Pork. It is a fine 
 inland canal, and capable of being highly 
 improved. The lands on its banks are 
 extremely fertile. Smyth. 
 
 T^hatchers IflanJ, lies about a mile E of 
 the S E point of Cape Ann, on the coafl: 
 of Mairachufetts, and forms the northern 
 limit of MaiTachuIetts Bay ; and has 1 
 light houfes. Cape Ann light houfe lies 
 in lat. 43 36 N, and Ion. 70 47 W. 
 
 Thecikiki^ the eaftern head water of Illi- 
 nois river, rifcs about 8 miles S of Fort 
 St. Jofeph. After running through rich 
 and level lands, about 112 miles, it re- 
 ceives Plein river in lat. 41 48 N, and 
 from thence the confluent ftream aiTumes 
 the name of liilnols. In fome maps, it is 
 called Huaklta. 
 
 Thctfordy a towniliip in the S E corner 
 of Orange co. Vermont, on the W bank 
 of Connecflicut river, about 10 miles N 
 of Dartmouth college, and contains 1478 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Thirty milejlrcam. See L'l'vermor e. 
 
 Thomases Bay, on the \V coaft of th.e ifl- 
 and of Antigua. It aiTurds Ibme flieller 
 from the S and S E winds. 
 
 Thomas's Creek, a ft. earn of S. Carolina, 
 vhich falls into the Great Pcdee, i mile 
 from Chatham. 
 
 Thomas Ifland, St. OV the Danes IJland, is 
 the largeft and moft northerly of the Vir- 
 gin illands, in the W. Indies, and is about 
 9 miles long and 3 broad. It has a fandy 
 foil and is badly watered, but enjoys a 
 confidcrable trade, efpeclally in time of 
 peace, in the contraband way ; and priva- 
 teers in time of war fell their prizes here. 
 A large battery has been erected for its de- 
 fence, mounted Avith 20 pieces of cannon, 
 N lat. 18 22, W Ion. 64 51. It has a fafe 
 and commodious harbour, and lies about 
 30 miles E of the ifland of Porto Ri- 
 co. 
 
 Thomas If.and^ St. on the W coafl: of N. 
 Mexico. N lat, 20 10, W Ion. 113 5. 
 
 Thomas, St. a town of Guiana, iu S. A- 
 merica, on the banks of the Oroonoko. N 
 lat. 75, W Ion. 62 36. 
 
 Thomas, Port St. a harbour in the bay 
 of Honduras, on the Spaniili Main ; from 
 %vhich goods are fliipped to Europe. 
 
 Thomas, St. the chief town of New An- 
 dalufia, or Parie, in the northern divifion 
 cf Terra Firm a. 
 
 Thomas, St. a parlfla of Charlcrion dif- 
 trid;, in S. Carolina. 
 
 Thomafo-wn, a port town of Maine, Lin- 
 coln CO. on the W fide of Penobfcot Bay, 
 and about 4 leagues from Franklin Illand , 
 at the mouth of the river St. Geor'»e, 
 which divides this town from Warren 
 and Culbing. A confiderable river in 
 the S E part of the townfltip i, called 
 WefToweligceg. From the hill of Mad- 
 ambcttocks may be feen iflands and lands 
 to a great diftance ; and near it there is 
 thought to be plenty of iron ore. The 
 grand ftaplcs of Thomafrown are lime and 
 lumber. Limeflone is very common. 
 There are now about 2^5 k'his erected, 
 eachof which, on an average, will produce 
 200 fifty gallon caiks. Too much atten- 
 tion being paid to this bulinefs, prevent* 
 a due cultivation of the lands. There 
 wereov/ned in i796on the river, 12 brigs, 
 fchooners, and floops, equal to about uoo 
 tons, employed in foreign and coafting 
 voyages. On the river, and its fcveral 
 dreams, arc a number of tide and other 
 grift and faw mills. A fort with a num- 
 ber of cannon, and a regular garrifon of 
 provincials, was formerly ftationed alxnit 
 5 miles below the head of the tide. Few 
 veftiges of the fort now remain ; but iu 
 place of it an elegant building was erected 
 in I794j by the Hon. Henry Knox, Ejq. 
 The fettlement of Thomaftown began 
 about 1720, in 1777 it was incorporated, 
 in 1790 it contained 8oi inhabitants, 
 and in 1800, 1397. There are here no 
 public fchools conftantiy kept, though 
 there arc fevcral private ones throughout 
 the year. There are two churches, one 
 for 13apiifts, the other lor Cungrtoiition- 
 alifts. Here is alfo a fecial library. 'Fae 
 compaA part of the town is 7 miles 
 foutherly of Camden, 7 E of Warren, 39 
 N E by E of Wifcailet, 215 N £ of Bol- 
 ton, and 702 from Wafliington. 
 
 Thome, St. or Si. Thomas, a plain in tlic 
 centre of the ifland of St. Domingo, en rhc 
 S hde of th-' firfl chain of the mountains 
 of Chib^o. It is contiguous to the N of 
 that oi St. John of Maguana. 'ihe fort 
 of St. Thomas v/as ere<Sted here, near the 
 head of the Artibonite, by Chriftophcr 
 Colum.bus to protect the mines againft the 
 Indians. There is now no veftlgc of the 
 fort remaining. 
 
 Thonjons IJlanJ, lies near the entrance; 
 of the river St. Clair, U. Canada. \t 
 fcarcely contains 200 acres of dry land, 
 fit for tillage, but a great many avres of 
 mar fa. Smyth. 
 
 Thar. Infant 
 
THU 
 
 Tib 
 
 Thompfony a tovvnfliipi of Windham co. 
 In the N E corner of Conaev?l:ic\it ; hav- 
 ing the town of Kiilingly on the S, the 
 ftate of Rhode Illand E, and that of Maf- 
 faehufctts on the N ; from which laft it 
 receivcj Qainnbaug and Five mile rivers. 
 luhabitants 2341. 
 
 Tho'f?forJho}-o\ a town in Lincoln county, 
 Mr.inc, late the V/ part of Bo»\'doin, in- 
 corporated 1798, It lias 776 inhabitants. 
 
 "ThcrTTpjlns Creth, is formed by feveral 
 fmnll fir earns which rife in the fouthern 
 part of the Miffifippi Territory, crofs the 
 S line of the United States, into W. Flor- 
 ida, now the eaflern divinoh ot Louiiizina, 
 M'here they unite and purfue a S E courfe 
 into the MiUlfippi river. Its mouth is 
 cppofKe Point Coupee. The larnd on this 
 Crce': is rcprcfented as very valuable. In 
 1775, Feter Chefter, Governor of Weft 
 Florida, granted to Capt. John Elfvvorth, 
 a traH: of land in the forks of this Creek, 
 on v/hich in 1778, he built a fmali hcufe. 
 His heirs now claim this land. 
 
 Thr)p!can9.u a fmall river of the Indiana 
 Territory, wliich runs fouthward to Wa- 
 halli river, into which it enters a few 
 mi'es eaftward of Ouixtanon. 
 
 Thornfjurg, a poft town in Spotfylvanla 
 CO. Virginia, 74 miles from Walliington, 
 
 Tbornfcriy a townfliip of N. Himplhirc, 
 Grafton co. at the head of Merrimack 
 river, which contains S2>S inhabitants. 
 
 TboroU To'dunjhipy in Lincoln co. U. 
 Canadi, lies S of Grantham and is water- 
 ed by the river WclJand. 
 
 Thiivljup; Fort, on the S coa^ of the 
 ifland of Cape Breton, near the entrance 
 of the Strait of Fronfao or Canfo,lies bc- 
 t\vee:i the gulf called Little St. Peter and 
 tlve iflands of St. Peter. It was formerly 
 c illcd Port St. Peter, and is 60 miles W of 
 G.ibaron bay. 
 
 Thoufand Jjh.r, are in S*. Lav/rcnco, a 
 little N of Lake Ontario. 
 
 l^hnuf.ind Lakes, a name <;i.ven to a great 
 number of fmall lakes near the MiiTilippi, 
 about 60 miles above St. Anthony's Falls. 
 The country about thefc lakes, though 
 little freqaented, is fine hunting grounds. 
 Here theJVIinifippi is not above yo yards 
 widv^. 
 
 Three Brothers, 3 iflands within the riv- 
 er E;Te»iiiibo on the Ecoafi of S. America. 
 
 Three Tftands B.iy-, or Ilarlour, oh the E 
 coan of the Illand of St, Lucia, W. Indies. 
 
 Three Paints, Cape, <il\l\\^ COaftof Gujana, 
 in S. America. N lat. 10 3S, W Icn. 61 57. 
 
 Three Rher'. tu Canada. Sec Tioi: Ri- 
 
 Toree ^[Pers, three fmall iiles on tlir W 
 fhore of Chefapeak Bay, which lie be- 
 tween W river and Parker's lOand. 
 
 Thru7n Cup, in the S. Pacific Ocean, a 
 fmail circular ifle, not more than a mile 
 in circumference, 7 leagues N b%^ W from 
 Lagoon Ifland. High water, at full and 
 change, between 11 and iz o'clock. Slat. 
 18 35, W Ion. 13948. 
 
 Thule, Southern, an ifland in the S At- 
 lantic Ocean, the moft foutherly land ever 
 difcovercd ; hence the name. S lat. 59 
 35, W Ion. 27 45. 
 
 Tfrnrlaiv ToTvnJhip, Haftings CO. U. Can- 
 ada, lies near the head of the bay of Quiu- 
 te, and E of Sidney. 
 
 Thurman, a towufliip in Wafliington co. 
 N. York ; taken from Queenfburg, and 
 iiicorpoialed in 1792. 
 
 Thunder Bay, on the N fliore cf Lake 
 .Superior, U. Canada, oppofite the E end of 
 lue de Minatte. Tiiere is a remarkable 
 high mountain at its eaflernmoft cape. 
 
 Thuhdc'r Bay, in lake Huron, lies about 
 half way between Sagana Bay and the N 
 W corner of the lake. It is about 9 miles 
 acrofs either way ; and is thus called from 
 the thunder frequently heard there. 
 
 Tilbury To'-jo:ijh'ip, in the weftern d'flricTt 
 of U. Canada, is iltuatcd upon lake St. 
 Clair, W of Raleigh, where the Thame* 
 empties itfe'f into that lake. 
 
 Tia'naderha River. See Unad'dh R'ver. 
 
 Tico^i'y an ancient Indian tov/n, about 
 150 miles up the Sufquehannah river. 
 
 Tiber, or Gorfe Creek, a. fmall ftreani 
 which runs foutherly through the city of 
 Waflilngton, and empties into Patowmac 
 river. Its fource is 1^,6 feet above the 
 level of the tide in the creek ; the waters 
 of which and thofe of Reedy Branch may 
 be conveyed to the Prefident's houfe, and 
 to the capito!. The contemplated Dry 
 Dock, was to have been credled on this. 
 Creek. 
 
 Tibernrr, Crpe^ a round black rock on the 
 S W prirt of the fouthern peniufu.Ia of the 
 idand cf St. Domjngo, and forms the N W 
 limit of the bay of Ti heron. 
 
 Tiiier'in, cr: Tburort, ?ihzy and village on 
 the S W part cf the ifland of St. Domingo. 
 Tlie bay is formed by the cape of its name 
 on the N W, and Point Burgau on the S 
 E, a league and three fourths apart. I'he 
 ftream, called a rivof , falls in at the head 
 of the bay, on the weflern fide of the vil- 
 lage, which ftands on tire higii road, and, 
 according to its courfe along the fea fiiore, 
 10 leagues S of Cape Dame iMirie, 20 
 from Jcremie, and .3 3 by the winding of 
 
 the 
 
TIK 
 
 TIE 
 
 the road frcixi Lcs Cayes. The cape is in 
 lilt. i8 20 30 N, and iu Ion. 76 5a 40 W. 
 The exports from Cape Tiberon, from 
 Jan. I, 1789, to Dec. ?i, of the fame year, 
 looolbs. white fugar, 377,8oolb3. brown 
 fusrar, 6oo,co2,lbs. coffee, 13,67 albs, cot- 
 ton, loSulbs. indigo, and fmall nr tides to 
 a conIideral)le amouut. Total value of 
 duties on exportation, ^465 dollars 76 
 cents. 
 
 Tiberon, a fort, near the town or village 
 abovementloned; taken by the French, 
 tl;e aift March, 1795. 
 
 Tir.hfclcf, a town on the bay of Antonio, 
 on the N E part of Jamaica I. Sec Fort 
 Antonio. 
 
 Tickle Harbour, on the E coafl: of New- 
 foundland, 15 leagues from Bonaventura 
 Port. 
 
 Ticlh Me QmcUji, a name given by Erit- 
 i(h fcamen to a fine, little, fanJy bay of 
 7^erra Flrrna, on the lOhmusof Darien, at 
 the N W end of a reef of rocks, having 
 good anchorage and fafe landing. The 
 extremiiy of the rocks on one hde, and 
 the Sambailas Llands (the range of which 
 begins from hence) on the other fide, 
 guard it f.'om the fea, andfo form a very 
 good harbour. It is much frequented by 
 privHteers. 
 
 T'<.>:o;ii.'r-oga, In the State of N. York, 
 bui!t t;y the Frenc!i in tlie year 1756, on 
 theN fids of a peninfula formed by the 
 confluence of the waters inidlng from I>ake 
 George into Lake Champlain. It is nov/ 
 a heap of ruins, and forms an appendage 
 to a farm. Its name fsgnllies Nolfy, in the 
 Indian language, and wss called by the 
 French, CorillGr. Mount Independence in 
 Addiion co. Vermont, is about 'Z miles S E 
 of it, and feparated from it by the narrow 
 flrait which conveys the waters of I^ake 
 George and South river into I^ake Cham- 
 plain. It had all the advantages that art 
 or nature could give it, being defended on 
 3 fides by water furrounded by vocks, and 
 on half of the fourth by a fwamp, and 
 v/here that fails, the French erected a 
 breaft v/ork 9 feet higii. This was the 
 firfl fortrefs attacked by the Americans 
 during the revolutionary war. The troops 
 under Gen. Abercrombie were defeated 
 herein the year 1758, but it was taken 
 the year following by Gen. Amhcrfl. It 
 was furprifed by Cols. Allen and Arnold, 
 May 10, 1775, and was retaken by Gen. 
 Burgoyne in July, 1777. 
 
 T/erra Aujlral del Efp'ritu SjntOy called 
 by Bougainville, The ArcJjipelaaro of the 
 Crtat Cyclades^ and by Capt. Cook, Tfje 
 
 j^eiv luhrhhs, may be confidered rs the 
 eaftern extremity of the vaft Archipelago 
 of Ne%v Guinea. Thcfe ifiands are fituated 
 between the latitudes of 14 29 and 20 40 
 S, and between 169 41 and 17021 E Ion. 
 from Greenwich, and confifi of the tollovv-- 
 ing ifiands, fornc of which have received 
 names from the dilTeient European navi- 
 gators, and others retain the names which 
 they bear among the natives ; viz. Ticrra 
 Auflral del Efpiritu Santo, St. Earihido- 
 niew, Mallicollo, Pic de I'Etoile, Aurora, 
 lile of I.cpers, Vvhitfuntide, Ainbr\m, 
 Paoon, Shepherds IHe?, Sandwich, Erro- 
 maugo, Immer, Tanna, Erronan, Arra- 
 tom, Apee, Three Hills, Montagu, Hinch- 
 inbrook, and Erromanga. Quiros,who f.ill: 
 difcovered thefeiHands, in i6o65defcribe& 
 them, as " richer and more fertile than 
 Spain, and as populous as they are fertile ; 
 watered with fine rivers, and producing 
 filver, pearls, nutmegs, mace, pepper, giu- 
 Uer, ebony of the firfl quality, Avood for 
 the conftrudlion of veflels, and plan's 
 which ni'ght be fabricated into fail cloth 
 and cordages, one fort of which is net i:n- 
 hke the hemp of Europe." The inhal)i!- 
 ants of thefe ifiands, he defcribes, as cf 
 feveral diiTerent races of men ; black, 
 v/hlte, mulatto, tawny, and copper col- 
 oured; a proof, he fuppofes, of their ::> 
 teicourfe with various people. They ufe 
 no fire arms, are employed in no mines, 
 nor have they any of thofe means of dc- 
 Hruvflion which the genius of Europe has 
 invented. Induftry and policy feem to 
 have made but little progrefs among them ; 
 they build neither tov/ns nor fortrefies ; 
 acknowledge neither king nor laws, .-".nd 
 are divided only into tribes, among which' 
 tiiere docs not always fubiifl a perfect har- 
 mony. Their arms are the bow and ar- 
 rov,-5, the fpear and the dart, ail made 
 of wood. Their only covering is a 
 garment round the waiO:, which reaches 
 to the middle of the thigh. They are 
 cleanly, of a lively and grateful difpdfi- 
 tion, capable of friendfliip ami inflruclion. 
 Their houfes are of wood, covered with 
 palm leaves. They have places of wor- 
 fl.ip and buriaJ They work in flone, and 
 poll fli marble, of which there are many 
 quarries. They make fiutes, drums, wood- 
 en fpoons, and from the mother of pearl, 
 form chiiTels, fcifibrs, knive*. hooks, faws, 
 hatchets, and fmall round plates for neck- 
 laces. Their canof-s are well built and 
 neatly finiflied. liogs, goats, cows, bufTa- 
 loss, and various fowls and fiih for food 
 are found in abundance On z.n<\ about 
 
 thefe 
 
IN 
 
 YIF 
 
 tliefe jQandg. Added to all thefe and many 
 
 -other excellencies, tliefe iflaiids are reprc- 
 Xented as having a remarkably falubrious 
 air, which is evinced by rhc healthy robufl 
 ' appearance of the inhabitants, who live 
 tq a great age, and yet have no other bed 
 than the earth. Such is the defcription 
 which Ouiros gives of thefe ifiands in and 
 about which he fpent fome months, and 
 which he reprefents to tlie king of Spain, 
 as " the moil delicious country in the 
 world ; the girden of Eden, the inexhauf- 
 tible fource u: glory, riches and power to 
 Spain." On the N fide of the largell: of 
 thefe iHands, called Efpiritu Santo, is al)ay, 
 called San Felipe and Zani Tago, which, fays 
 ^uiros, " penetrates 20 leagues into the 
 country ; the inner part is all fafe, and 
 in?-Y be entered with fecurity, by night as 
 v.'ell as by day. On every fide, in its vi- 
 cinity, many villages may be diflinguiflaed, 
 and if we may judge by the fmoke which 
 rifes by day, and the fires that are feen by 
 night, th^re are many more in the interior 
 parts." The harbour in this bay, was 
 named by Ouiros, La Vera Crur, and is a 
 part of this bay, and large enough to ad- 
 m-t looo vefcls. The anchorage is on an 
 excellent bottom of black fand, in water 
 cf different depths, from 6 to 40 fathoms, 
 between a fine rivers. 
 
 T/':^nares, the chief town of the captain- 
 fliip of Rio Grande in Brazil. 
 
 T"!mm'ifKamain Lake, in L. Canada, is 
 about 30 miles long and 10 broad, having 
 feveral fmall iOands. Its waters empty 
 into Utawas river, by a fliort and narrow 
 channei, 30 miles N of the N par-t of Nc- 
 pifllnj lake. Indians named Timmifca- 
 •naings reSde round this lake. 
 
 Tmicum, two townlTiips of Pcnnfylra- 
 nia ; the one in Buck's co. the other in 
 that of Delaware. The former lias 947, 
 and the latter 272 inhabitants. 
 
 Tinker 3 If and, one of the Elizabeth Ifi- 
 ands, on the coaft of Maifachufctts, off 
 Buzzard's B ly, 8 miles from the main 
 f;'nd of BarnfiaWe co. It is the fecond 
 in rragnltude, and the middle one of the 
 3 largeft. It is about 3 miles long from N 
 io S, and about a mile and a half broad 
 from E to W ; and between this and 
 Kafliawn Tfland is a channel for floopn and 
 Imall veiTels, as there is alfo between it 
 aadSlocum's iHind, about a mile farther 
 to the wcflward. 
 
 'Ti nine nth, a townlliip of Nova Scotia on 
 the taftern coaff. It \vas formerly called 
 Pit!iou, and lies about 40 miles from Tru- 
 f©. Sec Piihu. 
 
 'Tlnmoi:ihy a port town of Vermont, Rut- 
 land co. and contains 973 inhabitants. 
 
 Tivfignal, a rich lilvcr mine in the prov- 
 ince of Ccfla Rica ; which fee. 
 
 Tlnta, a jurifdiclion in the empire of 
 Peru ; Avherein is the famous fdver mine 
 called Condonoma. See Caucus. 
 
 Tintamare^dL river of Nova Scotia, which 
 is navigable 3 or 4 miles up for fraall vef- 
 felj. , 
 
 Tinto, a river of Terra Firma, 30 leagues 
 E of Cape Honduras. 
 
 Tioga Point, or Cape, on the W coafl: of 
 N. Mexico, is a rough head land, 8 leagues 
 from the valley of Colima. 
 
 Tioga, a towniliip of Pennfylvania, in 
 Luzerne co. having 560 inhabitants. 
 
 Tioga, a CO. of N. York, bounded E by 
 Otfego, W by Ontario, N by Onondago, 
 and S by the State of Pennfylvania. It 
 contains 7406 iidiabifcants. The courts 
 are held alternately, at Chenengo, and 
 Newtown Point, in the town of Chemung. 
 Some curious bones have been dug up in 
 this county. About 11 miles from Tiogi 
 Point, the bone or horn of an animal w-is 
 found, 6 feet 9 inches long ; 21 inches 
 round, at the long end, and 15 inches at 
 the fmal! end. It is incur vated nearly to 
 anarch of a large circle. By the prefent 
 ftate of both the ends, much of it mull 
 have perillied ; probably a or 3 feet from 
 each end. 
 
 Tioga Pointy the point of land formed br 
 the confluence of Tioga river with the E 
 branch of Sufquehannah river. It is about 
 5I miles foutherly from the line which di- 
 vides N. York from Pennfylvania, and is 
 about 150 miles N by W of Philadelphia. 
 The town of Athens ftands on this point 
 of land. 
 
 Tioga River, a branch of the Sufque- 
 hannah, which rifes in the Alleghany 
 mountains in about lat. 42, and running 
 eaflwardly, empties into the Sufquehan- 
 nah at Tioga Point, in lat. 41 57. It is 
 navigable for boats about j;o miles. There 
 is faid to be a pracflicable communi- 
 cation between the fouthcrn branch of 
 the Tioga, and a branch of the A.llegha- 
 ghany, the head waters of which are near 
 each other. The Seneca Indians fay they 
 can walk 4 times in a day, from the boat- 
 able waters of the Alleghany, to thofe of 
 the Tioga, at the place now mentioned. 
 
 Tioitghnioga River. See Chenengo River, 
 
 Tioohca, an illand in the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 one of thofe called George's Ifland*. S 
 lat. 14 27, W Ion. 144 56. 
 
 Ti^uanys River, See Tarija, 
 
 Tijhury^ 
 
TIT 
 
 TO A 
 
 ftjbury^ a fmall firiiing town on the N 
 fide of the iflaBd of Martha's Vineyard, 3 
 miles from Chilmark, and 97 from Bofton. 
 The townfliip was incorporated in 1671, 
 and contains 1092 inhabitants. It is in 
 Duke's CO. MaliachuiettSjand in 1796 the 
 eaf^crly part was incorporated into a fep- 
 arate precindt. 
 
 T'fian.d. village of Ouenca, and depart- 
 ineat of Alanfis, in Quito, in S. Americn, 
 which was entirely utftroyed by an earth- 
 quake, but the inhabitants elcaped, and 
 removed to a fafer fituatlon. The marks 
 of this dreadful convulfiou of nature are 
 (till vifible. 
 
 Titlcaca^ an ifland of S. America, in the 
 S. Pacific Ocean, near the coaft of Peru. 
 
 Tifuacoy or ChucuJto, a lake of Charcas, 
 in Peru ; and is the brg;ft of all the known 
 lakes in S. America. It is of an ova! iigwrt:^ 
 with an inclination from N W to S E, 
 and about 80 l.engues in circuit. The 
 water is, in fome parts, 70 or 80 fathoms 
 deep. Ten or twelve large, belide a 
 greater number of fmallcr flreams fall in- 
 to it. The water of this lake, thou^;h j 
 neither fait nor brackilli, is muddy, and | 
 has fomething fo naufeous in its tafte, as 
 not to be drank. On an iflc in this lake, 
 Mungo CaiTac, the founder of the Peru- 
 vian monarchy, reported that the Sun, 
 his father, had placed him with OcUo ins 
 confott and filler. Here was a temple 
 dedicatefl to the Sun, fplendid with plates 
 of gold and filver. The Indians, on fee- 
 ing the violent rapacity of the Spaniards, 
 are thought to have thrown the immenfe 
 collection of riches in the temple, into 
 this lake. But thefe valuable elledts were 
 thrown into another lake, in the valley 
 of Orcos, 6 leagues S of Cufco, in water 
 23 or 24 fathonvi deep. Towards the S 
 part of Titicaca Lake, the banks approach 
 one another, fo as to form a kind of bay, 
 terminating in a river, called E! Deiagua- 
 dcro, or the drain ; and afterwards forms 
 the Lake of Paria, which has no vili- 
 ble outlet. Over the river El Defa- 
 guadero fti 11 remains the bridge of ruilies, 
 invented by Capac Yupanqui, the fitth 
 tnca, for tranfporting his army to the 
 other fide, in order to conquer the prov- 
 inces af Collafuyo, The Defaguadero is 
 here between 80 and 100 yards in breadth, 
 flowing with a very impetuous current, 
 under a fmooth,and, as it were, fleeping 
 furface. The Inca, to overcome this dif- 
 ficulty, ordered 4 very large cables to he 
 made of a kind of grafs, which covers the 
 tofry heaths and mouotaiu* of that ceun- 
 
 trr, and by the Indians called Ichu : fo 
 that thefe cables were the foundation of 
 the whole ftru6ture. Two of thefe being 
 laid acrofs the water, f ifcines of dry ju- 
 ncira, and totora, two fpccies of ruflies, 
 were faftencd together, and laid acrofs 
 the cables. On tais again the two ocher 
 cables were laid, and covered with iimilar 
 fafcines fccurtiy fattened on, but of a 
 fmallcr fize than the firfl, and arranged fo 
 as to form a level furface. And by this 
 means the inca procured a fafe palTage for 
 his army. This bridge of ruflies, whicli 
 is about five yards broa*:', and one yard, 
 and a half above the furface of the water, 
 is carefully repaired, or rebuilt, every fix 
 months by theueighbouriiig provinces, Iii 
 purfu'incc of a law made by th^t Inca ; 
 and iiace often confirmed by the kings of 
 Spain, on account of its vaft ufe, it being 
 the channel of inttrcourfe Ixtween thoie 
 provinces on each fide the Defaguadero. 
 
 Tiverton, a townfliip of Rhode Ifland, 
 Newport CO. hiving Maflachufetts on the 
 N and E, and Little Compton townfiilp 
 on the S. It contains 2717 inhabitants^ 
 It is iii>out 13 miles N N E of Newport. 
 
 Tizun, A river in the S W part of 2T. 
 America, 600 miles from New Spain. la 
 a journey made thus far, in 1606, the 
 Spaniards found fome large edifices, and 
 met with fome Indians who fpoke the 
 Mexicaji language, and who told ihem, 
 that a few days journey from that river 
 towards the N was the kingdom of *rolan, 
 and many other inhabited places whence 
 the Mei;:can3 migrated. It is, indeed, 
 confirmed by Mr. Stewart, in his late trav- 
 els, that there are civilized Indians in the 
 interior parts of America. Beyond the 
 \ Miffouri, he met with powerful nations 
 who were courteous and hofpi table, and 
 appeared to be a polifaed and civilized 
 people, having regularly built towns, and 
 enjoying a Hate of fociety not far removed 
 from the European ; and indeed to be 
 perfedlly equal wanted only iron and fteeL 
 
 Tluf^ula, or Lqs Angelas, a province of 
 New Spain. See Angeles. 
 
 Toa, one of the two rivers, Bajamond 
 being the other, which empty into the 
 harbour of Porto Rico, in the ifiand of 
 that name in the W. Indies* 
 
 Toahoutu, one of the two fmall idands to 
 the N eaftward of the S end of Otaha 111- 
 and, one of the Society Illands, in the S. 
 Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Toamcriftng, two townfliips of Pennfyl- 
 vania ; the one in Montgomery co. the 
 other i« Uut of Narihamptou, 
 
TOL 
 
 T O U 
 
 Toitijro, an ifland in the W.rndfcs.whlcL, 
 whttn In the hands of the Dutch, was call- 
 ed Ne-7.v Ktlcbi-rsn, is aI>out lo leagues to 
 the N of Triuidaij, and 40 Sof Barbadoes. 
 Itg lengrti is about 32 miles, but its 
 breadth only about 12, and its circumfer- 
 ence about 80 niiies. The climate is not 
 £t» hoc as might be expedled fo near the 
 equator ; and it is faid that it lies out of 
 the courfe of thofc hurricanes that have 
 jTometinies proved fo fatal to the other 
 W. India iliands. It has a fruitful Icil, 
 capable of producing lugar, and indeed 
 every thing elfe that is raifcd in the W. 
 India iilands, with the addition (if we 
 raay beh'eve the Dutch) of the cinna- 
 mon, nutmeg, and gum copal. It is well 
 watered with numerous f^rin^s ; and 
 its bays and rivers are fo diipofed as 
 to be very commodious for ail kinds of 
 fliippin^. The value and importance of 
 this iOand, appears from the extenfive and 
 formidable armaments fcnc thither in 
 fupport of their different claims. It feems 
 to have been chiefly polTefTed by the 
 Dutch, who defended their pretenfions 
 a^ainfl: both England and France, with 
 the moft obllinate pcrfeverauce. By the 
 treaty of Aix la Chapel'c, in 1748, it was 
 declared neutral ; though by the treaty 
 of 1763, it was yielded up to G. Britain ; 
 but in June, 1 781, it was taken by the 
 French, and ceded to them by the treaty 
 of 1783 ; and captured by the Britiih in 
 179,^. N lat. II 16, W Ion. 60 20. 
 
 Tohngo IJJand, Little, near the N E ex- 
 tremity of the above iilaud. It is about 
 1 miles long, and i broad. 
 
 Tohys Creel:, an eaftern branch of Alle- 
 ghany river in Pennfylvania : its foutheru 
 head water is called Little Toby's Creek. 
 It runs about S5 miles in a W S W and W 
 courfe, and enters the Alleghany about 
 ao miles below Fort Franklin. It i« deep 
 enough for batteaux fo; a confiderable 
 way up, thence by a fhort portage to the 
 W branch of Sulquehannah, by which a 
 communication is formed l)etween Ohio, 
 and the eaftern parts of Pennfylvania. 
 
 tccayma, a city of Terra Firma, and in 
 N. Granada. 
 
 TogcfahaUlee. Creek, a Water of Oakmul- 
 gee river, in Georgia. 
 
 Tolland, a county of Gonne<Slicut, bound- 
 ed N by the State of Maffachufctts, S by 
 New London co. E by Windham, and W 
 by Hartford co. It is fubdivided into 9 
 tOwn{liipSjandcontainsi4,3i9 inhabitants. 
 A great proportion of the county is hilly, 
 but the foil is generally ftronj ai?d good 
 ioz grazing. 
 
 Tolland, the chief town of the abovtj 
 county, was incorporated In 17151 and is 
 about x8 miles N E of Hartford. It has 
 a congregational church, court houfe, 
 gaol, and z.0 or 30 houfes, compactly buik, 
 in the centre of the town, aud contain* 
 1638 inhabitants. 
 
 Tolu, a town of Terra Firma, S. Amer- 
 ica, with a harbour on a bay of the N. Sea. 
 The famous ballam of the fame name 
 comes from this place ; 114 miles S W of 
 Carthagena. N lat. 9 '^^6, W Ion. 75 as. 
 
 Tomaco, a large river of Popayaa, and 
 Terra Firma, S. America, about 9 miles N 
 E of Galla lile. About a league and a 
 half within the river is an Indian towis 
 of the fame name, and but fmall, the in- 
 habiti.nts of which ccnunonly fupply f'viall 
 vefiels with provilions, when they put in 
 here for refrelliment. 
 
 Tomahaivk IJland, on the E coafl of Pat- 
 agonia, 24 miles N E of Seal's Eay. 
 
 Towba Rinjcr, on the ccafl of Peru, is 
 between the port of Hilo and the river 
 of Xuly or Chuly. There is anchorage 
 againft this river in 20 fathoms, and cle.m 
 ground. Lat. 17 50 S. 
 
 Totnb'ighee Ri'oer, is the dividing line be- 
 tween tiie Creeks and Cha6la\vs. Above 
 the jundbion of Alabama and Mobile riv- 
 ers, the latter is called tlie Tombigbee riv- 
 er, from the fort of Tombigbee, on the 
 W fide of it, about 96 miles above the 
 town of ivlobile. The fource of this riv- 
 er is reckoned to be 40 leagues higher up, 
 in the country of the Chickafaws. The 
 fort of Tombigbee was captured by the 
 Britifli,but abandoned by them in 1767. 
 The river is navigable for llcops and 
 fchooners about 35 leagues above the 
 town of Mobile : 130 American families 
 are fettled on this river, that have been 
 Spanifii fubjecls fincc 1783. 
 
 Tomcf'jhi Lake, in Hatley townfliip, t*. 
 Canada, gives rife to a fouthcrn branch 
 of St. Francis river. 
 
 Tcmw.a, a jurifdidion in the archbifiiop- 
 ric of La Plata in Peru. It begins about 
 1 8 leagues S E from the city of Plata ; on 
 it5 eaiterxi confines dwell a nation of wild 
 Indians, called Chiriguanos. It abounds 
 with wine, fugar and cattle. 
 
 Tvwijcanhig,?. lake of N. A..m erica, which 
 fends its waters S E through Ottav^^as riv- 
 er, into Lake St. Francis in St. Lawrence 
 river. The line which feparates Upper 
 from Lower Canada, runs up to this lake 
 a line drawn due N until it ftrikes the 
 boundary line of Hudfon's Say. 
 
 TompfuntQwn. a vjUage of Perjifylvania, 
 M.fiiia 
 
T O N 
 
 T O R 
 
 Mifflin CO. containing about a dozen houf- 
 es, -22 miles from Lewiftown. 
 
 Tom's Creeky in N. Jerfey, Ceparates the 
 towns of Dover and Shrewfbury. 
 
 Tonagayon Bay, on Lake Ontario, U. 
 Canada, oppofite the E end of Amherft 
 Ifland, lies between Kingfton and Erncfl: 
 Town. 
 
 Tondelo, a river at the bottom of the 
 Gulf of Campeachy, in the S W part of 
 the Gulf of Mexico ; 1$ miles W of St. 
 Annes, and 34 E of Gaufikwalp. It ia 
 navigable for barges and other vefTcls of 
 from 50 to 60 tons. , 
 
 Tonewanto, the name t)f a creek and In- 
 dian town, in the N W part cf N. York. 
 The creek runs a wtftward courfe, and 
 enters Niagara River oppofite Grand Ifl- 
 and, § rniics N of Fort Erie. It runs 
 about 40 miles, and is tiavigable 28 miles 
 from its mouth. The town (lands on its 
 S fide, 1 8 miles from Niagara River. Alfo 
 the Indian name of Filhing Baj', on Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 Tingataioo, one of the Friendly Ifiands^ 
 ia the S. Pacific Ocean, about 60 miles in ; 
 circuit, but rather oblong, and wideft at ; 
 the E end. It has a rocky coaft, except i 
 Jo the N fide, which is full of flioals aud 
 iilands, and the fhore is low and fandy. 
 It furniilies the beft harbour or anchor- 
 age to be found in thefe iflands. The 
 ifland is all laid out in plantations, be- 
 tween which are roads and lanes for 
 travelling, drawn in a very judicious 
 manner for opening an eafv conununica- 
 tion from one part to another. The in- 
 habitants are lefs v/arlike than favages in 
 general, miid and gentle ia their raau- 
 ners. They cut off two joints of the lit- 
 tle linger at the iofs of a near relation, 
 'i hey o^Tcr human facrliices to their dci- 
 i-jes. The Millionary Society of London 
 have fent the gofpel to thefe poor pa- i 
 gans, but the iuccefs has not equalled 
 their willies. The gofpel ill accords with 
 their lufls, too long indulged to be eafily 
 reftrained. S lat. ai 9, W long, 174 46. 
 Variation of the needle, iii I777i was 9 
 
 T'j.Tianta Creek, rm\% into the river St. 
 Lawrence, in the towiifliip of Yonge, U. 
 Canada. j 
 
 Tfinicasl See Coulee Pohit. ,, | 
 
 . Tonii, an ifland at the mauth of Lake ' 
 D'lJrfc, at the eafcern extrcriiity of Lake ; 
 Ontario, is wichin the Britifu territories ; i 
 i 1 miles N E of Point au Guelans, and j 
 J J weft tif Grand Ifund, haviag feveral i 
 illes between it and the latter. ' 
 
 Vd-c. I. G « g 2 ' 
 
 Tuntif or Toniy, a river which empties 
 through the N fliore of Lake Erie ; 2Z 
 miles W by N of Riviere a Ja Barbue. 
 
 Tonforaly Caps^ on the coaft of Chili, in 
 S. America, i j leagues to the N of Guaf- 
 ca, and in lat. 17 30 S. 
 . Toulanai, one of thfe Society Iflands ia 
 the S. Pacific Ocean, not more than 5 or 
 6 miles acrofs in any part. S lat. 23 25, 
 W long. 149 23. 
 
 Toofoa, one of the Friendly Iflcs. It is 
 covered with foreft.i, 4 leagues in circum- 
 ference, mountainous, and uninhabited. 
 It lies near Kao. 
 
 Teofchcondolcb, an Indian village on the N 
 W coaft of America, of coafiderable im- 
 portance in the fur-trade ; fituated oa a 
 \xnxiX. of land between t\vo deep founds. 
 N lat. s?)'^t W long. 131 30. 
 
 Tontooch , a fmall iow ifland in Nootka 
 Sound, on the N W coall: of America, on 
 the cdflcrn fide of which is a coufidera!)lc 
 Indian village ; the inhabitants of which 
 wear a garment apparently compofcd of 
 wool and hair, moftly white, wed fal>ri- 
 cated, and probably by thcmfclves. 
 
 Tc/z/a, a mountainous, barren part of 
 New-Bii'c:<y province in Mexico, N.Amer- 
 ica ; yet raoft of the neighbouring part* 
 are pleafnnt, abounding with all manner 
 of provifions. 
 
 Topsfield, a townfhip of IVIafTachufetts, 
 Eflex CO. containing 789 inhabitants. It 
 is 8 miles wefterly of Ipfwich, and 24 N 
 by E of Bofton. 
 
 Tofjbam^ a tovvnfhip of Vermont, m 
 Orange co. W of Newbury, adjoinmg. Ic 
 is watered by fome branches of Wait's 
 River, and contains 344 irlhjhicants. 
 
 T'jfjbatn, a townfliip of Maine, in Lin- 
 coln CO. It is bounded on the N W by 
 Little River ; N liy Bowjoin and Bow- 
 doinhani ; E by Cathance and Merry 
 Meeting Bay ; S and S W by Amanfcog- 
 giu River, whii h feparates it from Brunf- 
 wick. It has 942 inhabitants. It was 
 incorporated in 1764. A few Englilh at- 
 tempted to fettle here in the beginning 
 of the laft century. Tliefe were cut olF 
 by the natives. Some families vcjitured 
 to fettle in this hazardous fuuatiun in 
 1730 ; from which period, until tlir: 
 peace of 1763, the inhabitants never felt 
 wholly fecure from the natives. It is 37 
 nnles S by V.'" of Hailowtllj and ijd N by 
 E of Boilon. 
 
 Torhay, a town on the caflera coaO: of 
 Nova Scoti.i ; 2^ niiUs S W of Roaring 
 Bull Ifland, Hud 100 N P- of Halifax. 
 
 TtftLIc, a firiaoe on the S fids; of the S 
 peniafula 
 
TOR 
 
 TOW 
 
 penfnfula of St. Domingo ; 3 leagues N 
 W of Avache Illand, 
 
 Toymentin Cape^ on the W fide of the 
 Straits of Northumberland, between the 
 illand of St. John's and the E coaft of 
 Nova-Scotia, is the N point of the en- 
 trance to Bay Vertc. It is W from Gov- 
 ernor's H!and,'.»n the S E coaft of the ifl- 
 aad of St. Johi^. In fome maps this 
 poiiit is calltxl Cope Storm. 
 
 &'j>ontOy?. fettlemcnt on the N W b?.nk 
 of Lake Ontario, S2> niiles N by W of 
 Fort Niagara. N lat. 44 1, W long. 79 10. 
 
 'Toronto Bay,, noiv called York harbour. 
 
 Toronto River, Galled by fome St. John's 
 RivtT, now called the Humber. 
 
 Torrirr^ton.ox Bcdfcrfs Bay^OW the fouth- 
 ern coafi: of Nova-Scotia, and its entrance 
 is at America Point, abaut 3 miles N of | 
 the town of Halif<".2. It has from 10 to | 
 13 fathoms at its mouth, but the bay is 
 alraofl: circular, and has froiu 14 to 50 
 fatiioms water in it. A prodigious fea 
 iets into it in winter. 
 
 Torri/i£ton, a townfliip of Connedlicut, 
 in Litchfield co. 8 miles N of Litchfield. 
 It has 1,417 inhabitants. 
 
 Tortoi/es, The River of, lies lO miles 
 above a lake -lo miles long, and 8 or 10 
 broad, which is fv>rmed by the Miflifippi 
 in Louiiiana and Florida. It is a large 
 fine river, which runs into the country a 
 good \yay to the N E, and is navigable 
 40 nn'les by the largeft boats. 
 
 Tg) tucy Portage dc la, at the head of the 
 S \V branch of the Ottawa River, U. Can- 
 ada, near the fmall lake which joins the 
 portsgc leading to 1/ake Nepifhng. 
 
 Ti-rtii.c, an iiland on the N fide of the 
 ifl^nd of Pr. Domingo, to'vards the N W 
 p,irt, about 9 leagues long from E to W, 
 and % bra-.d. I'hc W end is nearly 6 
 leagues from the head of the bay of : 
 Moufllque. The freebooters and bucca- : 
 niers drove t'ne Spani;irds from this id- : 
 snd in 163?,; in 163S, the Spaniards i 
 niallacred ail the French colony ; and in ! 
 ^639, tlie buccanitrs retook Tortue. In 
 1676, the Fzench took pofTetfion of it 
 again, 
 
 Tcftugns^ Dry, /lioals fcuth-weftward 
 from Cape Florida. Ihey are 134 leagues 
 from the bar of Pcnfacola, and in lat. 24 
 :.% ^^-fnd i'ong. S3 40 W. They confifl 
 of I'crliHal! iilands or keys, and extend E 
 N E.and W W lo or I'l miles ; moft of 
 tlitni a]r!e'*covered with Lufhes, and' may 
 fee fee n at" the dlftance of four le.?gues. 
 The S W key is one of the fmallefl. but 
 the moft mu:erial to be known, is in 
 
 lat. 24 3Z N, and long. 83 40 W. 
 From the S W part of this key, a reef 
 of coral rocks extends about a quarter 
 of a mile; the water upon it is vifibly 
 difccloured. 
 
 7ortugiis Harbour, on the coafl of Bra- 
 zil, is 60 leagues E S E from the Cape of 
 Arbrafec, and the fliore is flat all the way 
 from the Gulf of Mnranhao. 
 
 Tortvgas, an ifland fo named from tlic 
 great number of turtle found near it, is 
 near the N W part of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo. See Tortus. 
 
 Tortugas, or Sal Tortuga, is near the W 
 end of New-Andaluiia and Terra Firma. 
 It is uninhabited, although about 30 miles 
 in circumference, and abounding with, 
 fait. N lat. II 36, W long. 65. It is 14 
 leagues W of Margaritta IITand, and 17 
 (>r i8 from Cape Blanco on the main. 
 There are many iflands of this name on 
 the N coaft of S. America. 
 
 Tortugns Point, on the coaft of Chili, and 
 in the S. Pacific Ocean, is the S point of 
 the port of Coquimbo, and 7 or 8 IcagU'fs 
 from the Pajoras Iflands. Tortugas road is 
 round tlie j)oint of the fame name, where 
 fliips may ride in from 6 to 10 fathoms, 
 over a bottom of black fand ; near a rock 
 called the Tortugas. The road is well 
 flieltered, but will not contain above 20 
 or 30 fliips fafely. Ships not more than 
 aoo tons burthen may careen on the Tor- 
 tugas rock. 
 
 Tofquiatojfy Creeh, a N head water of 
 Alleghany River, whofe mouth is E of 
 Squcaughta Creek, and 17 miles N W of 
 the Icbua Toivn ; which fee. 
 
 Tctoxvj, a place or village at the Great 
 Falls in PalTaik River, N. Jerfey. 
 
 Tottery, a river which empties through 
 the S E bank of the Ohio, and is naviga- 
 ble with batteaux to the Occafioto Moun- 
 tains. It is a long river, and has few 
 branches, and interlocks with Red Creek, 
 or Clinche's River, a branch of the Ten- 
 ntilee. It has below the mountains, ef- 
 pecially for i j miles from its mouth, very- 
 good land. 
 
 Tot'lcn, a townfliip of N. York, in On- 
 tario CO. In 1796, 93 of the inbabitanta 
 were ele«5lors. 
 
 Taivcrb'UL, a village in thetownfliip of 
 S. Kingftown, Rhode-Ifland, where a poft 
 office is kept. It is to miles W of New- 
 port. 
 
 To'wnfenJ, a town in Norfolk co, IT, 
 Canada, hcs in the rear and N of Wood- 
 houfe. 
 
 Toivrrjber.df a towufliip of Windham co. 
 Vermont, 
 
T R E 
 
 T R I 
 
 Vermont, W of Weftminfler and Putney, 
 containing 1,083 inhal)itants. 
 
 TotvvJhenJ, a harboiif on the coafl of 
 Maine, where is a bold harbour, having 
 nine fathoms water, flieltered from all 
 "tt'inds. High water, at full and change, 
 45 minutes after 10 o'clock. 
 
 Toivpjfiend, a townftiip of Middlefex co. 
 MaiTachufettR, containing 1,149 inhabit- 
 ants, 45 miles northward of Boflon. 
 
 TracffiluJje, now Carletcr,^ a letttlcment 
 on the N fide of Chaleur Bay, about 5 
 j-e-igues from the great river Cafquipibi- 
 ac, in the S V/ direftion. It is a place of 
 confiderable trade-in cod-fifli, &c Be- 
 tween tlie townfln'p and the river Cafqui- 
 pibiac is the fniidl village of Maria. 
 
 TranquillHy, & place in SufTex CO. New 
 Jerfcy, 8 miles S of Newtown. 
 
 Trap, a village in Talbot co. Majyland, 
 about 6 miles S E of Oxford. 
 
 Trapy The, a village of Pennf) Ivania, in 
 Montgomery co. having about a dozen 
 houfes, and a German Lutheran and Cal- 
 vinifl: chufch united. It is 11 iriitesfrom 
 Pottfgrove, and id from Philadelphia. 
 
 Trap, a village in Somerfet co. Mary- 
 land, at the head of Wicomico Creek, a 
 branch of the river Wicomico, 7 miles S 
 W of Salifbury, and 6 Nof Princefs Ann. 
 
 TraptGiv/ty a village of Frederick co. 
 Maryland, on Cotoc?V.in Creek, between 
 the South and CototTtin Mountains, and 
 7 miles S W of Fredericktown. 
 
 Ttaverfa Bay, Great, lies on the N E 
 •corner of Lake Michigan. It has a nar- 
 row entrance, and fets up into the land 
 
 5 E, and receives Traverfe River from 
 the eafl. 
 
 Treadhaven Creel, a {"mall branch of 
 Choptank Rivrr 
 
 Trtafury JJIe?iJs, form a part of Mr. 
 Shortland's Netv Georj^ia, (Survi lie's Ar- 
 chipelago of the Arfacides) lying-from 
 
 6 38 to 7 30 S lat. and from 155 34 to 
 156 E long, from Greenwich. See A/fa- 
 eidcs, 5cc. 
 
 Trenche Mont River, 3 fmall river of 
 the iiland of St. John's, in the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Trecothic, a townfliip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hampfliire, h^.ving47 inhabitants. 
 
 Trent, a fmall river of North Carolina, 
 which falls into Neus River, at Newbern. 
 It is navigable for fea veflelB, iz miles 
 above the town, and for boats 20. See 
 Ncus. 
 
 Trenton^ one. of the largefl towns in N. 
 Jerfey, and the metropolis of the State, in 
 Hunterdon co. on the E fide of Delaware 
 
 River, oppofite the falls, and nearly m 
 the centre of the State from N to S. Ttic 
 river is not navigable above thefe falls, 
 j except for boats which will r^rry from 
 500 to 700 buflids of wheat. This town, 
 with Lambcrton. which joins it on theS, 
 contains about 300 houfes, and 2,000 in- 
 habitants. Here the IcgiHature flatedly 
 meets, the fnpreme court fits, and moft of 
 the public offices are kept. The Inhabit- 
 ants have lately eredred a hahd.^oirne court- 
 houfc, 100 feet by 30, with a femi-hexa- 
 gon at each end, over which is a baluf- 
 tradc. Here arc alfo a church for Epif- 
 copJ^H':Jns, one for Prtfbyterian», one for 
 Mcthodifls, and a (>naker mccfing houft*. 
 In the neighbourhood of this pleafaijr 
 town are a number of gentlemen's feats, 
 finely fitnated on the banks of the Dela- 
 ware, and ornamented with tafteand ele- 
 gance. Here is a flouriihing academy. 
 It is 12 miles S W of Princeton, 50 from 
 Brunfwick, 30 N E of Philadelphia, and 
 176 from Wafliington. N lat. 40 15, W 
 long. 74 15- 
 
 Trenton^ a fmall pod town of Maine, 
 Hancock co. 12 miles W by S of Sullivan, 
 31 N Srby E of Penobfcot, 286 N E of 
 Boflon. This town is near Defert Iiland, 
 and has 294 inhabitants. 
 
 Trenton, the chief town of Jones' co. N. 
 Carolina, on the S fide of Trent River. 
 It contains 195 inhabitants, acourthoufe 
 and gaol. It is 521 miles from Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Trenicn, a poft town in Oneida co. New 
 York, 508 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Trepajp Bay, or Trefpaffes Bay, and Har- 
 bour, on the S fide of Newfoundland Jfiand, 
 near the S E part, and about 21 miles to 
 the northv.-cftward of Cape Race, the S E 
 point of tiie JHand. The harbour is large, 
 well fecured, and tlie ground good to an- 
 chor in. 
 
 Triat'gie jjlind, a fmall ifland, one of 
 the Bahamas. N lat. 20 5 r, W longitude 
 
 Triangle Ehoals, lie Vv'edward of the pe- 
 ninfula of Yucatan, near the ¥. fliore of 
 the Bay of Campcachy, nearly W of Cape 
 Condeccdo. N lat. 17 5, W long, m 59. 
 
 Triejlc Bay, on the coaft of Terra Fir- 
 ma, is nearly due S from Bonair Klaud, 
 one of the Little Antilles, E of CurafTou 
 Ifland. 
 
 Trhfe If.and, a fmall ifland at the bot- 
 tom of the Gulf of Campeachy, W of 
 Port Royal Ifland, about 3 leagues from 
 E to W. The creek which feparates it 
 from Port Royal Ifland is fcarcely broad 
 
 enou^Ji 
 
r K I 
 
 T R O 
 
 enough to admit a cancer. GOvod frcfli 
 water will be got by digging 5 or 6 feet 
 deep in the fait fand ; at a, lefs depth it is 
 brackifli and fait, and at a greater depth 
 than 6 feet it is fait again. 
 
 TiiniJad, a fmall iflaud in the S. Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, E of Spiritu Santo, in Brazil. 
 S lat. 2,0 30, W long. 41 ao. it is alfo 
 called Trinity. 
 
 Trinidad, or Trlnidada IJland, neat the 
 coaft of Terra Firma. It partly forms 
 the Gulf of Paria, or Eocca del Drago, 
 and is much laiger than any other upon 
 the coafL It is 36 leagues in length, and 
 i8 or 2C in breadth, but the climate is 
 rather unhealthy, and little of it is clear- 
 ed. The current fets fo ftrong along the 
 coaft from E to W,as to render mofl of its 
 hays and harbours ufclefs. It produces 
 fugar, fine tobacco, indigo, g'nger, a vari- 
 ety of fruit, feme cotton, and Indian corn. 
 
 It was taken 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh, in 
 
 i595> ''"fi '"^y the French in 1676, who 
 plundered the iOand, and extorted money 
 from the inhabitants. It was captured 
 by the Britilh in Feb. 1797. It is fuuated 
 between 59 and 62. W long, and in 10 N 
 Jat. The N E point lies in lat. 10 28 N, 
 and long. 59 37 W. The chief to\yn is 
 St. Jofcph. 
 
 Trinidad, La, a town of Meijcico, in the 
 province cf Guatiniala, on the banks of 
 the rivtr Belen, la miles from the fea ; 
 but the road is almofl impafiable by land. 
 It is 70 miles S E of Guatimala, and 24 
 E of La Conception. N lat, 13, W long. 
 91 40. 
 
 Tn„id.,d, La,nn the N coaft of the Iflh© 
 mus of D iricn, lies f aflward of Bocca del | 
 Toro, and fonie clufters of fmall iflands, I 
 and S W of Porto Bello and Fort Chagre. 
 N lat. 830, W long. 81 3C. 
 
 Trinidad, OT La Sonfunntc F'tt^ a fOwD 
 
 on a bay r>f the Pacific Ocean, about 6$ j 
 miles S E of Pttapa, and \(>2, from the I 
 town of Guatimala. Ail the goods that 
 arefent from Peru and Mexico to Acax- 
 atla, al»out 12 ;-nilcs from it, .Tre brought 
 to this port. It is 9 miles from the town 
 to the harbour which is much frequented, 
 and is a place of great trade; being the 
 neareft landing to Guatimala tor ihips 
 that coniffrom PtTii,Pan3ma,and Mexico. 
 
 Trinid.}!, La. one of the fcaports on 
 the S part of tl-.e ifland of Cuba, N W of 
 file W tnd of tlie f rnujje of illnnds ca'ltd 
 Jardin de la Reyna. N lat. 21 40, W 
 louij. 80 50. 
 
 Trinidad, Z/7, an opcn town of Vcragua, 
 and audience of Mexico, 
 
 Tthidtd Channel has the ifland of Tf - 
 bago on the N "W, and that of Trinidad 
 on the S. 
 
 Trinidad^ or TrirJfy, a town of New 
 Granada and Terra Firma,in S. America 4 
 about 23 miles N E of St. Fe. 
 
 Trinity Bay, on the E fide of Newfound- 
 land Ifland, between iat. 47 $'^ 30, and 
 48 37 N. ■ 
 
 Trir.iiy Port, a large bay cf Martinico 
 Ifland, in the W. Indies, formed on the S 
 E by Point C;^.ravelle. 
 
 Trinity Tf,c lies near the coaft cf Pata- 
 gonia, in S. An^erica, E of York Iflands. 
 S lat. 50 37. 
 
 Trinity Ijle, the northcancrnmoft of the 
 fmall iflands on the S E coaft of the penin- 
 fula of Alaflca, on the N W coaft of A- 
 merica, N E of Foggy Iflands. 
 
 Trro^ a cape on the coaft of Brazil, S. 
 America. 
 
 Trijlo, a bay on the N coaft of S. Amer- 
 ica, is W S W of the river Turiano. It 
 has good anchorage, and is well flieltercd 
 from the fwell of the fca. 
 
 Triiiigillo Bay, in the Gulf of Kondura?, 
 or S fliore of the Gulf of Mexico, is with- 
 in the Ifland of Pines. Dulce River lies 
 a little W. 
 
 Trocadie, a fmall ifland on the N coaft; 
 of the ifland of St. John's, lying off the 
 mouth of Shimene Port, and in the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Trois Rivieres, a bay rt the E end of 
 the above mentioned Ifland of St. John's, 
 and W of Cape Breton Ifland, Three 
 ftreams fall into it from different direc- 
 tions ; hence its name. N lat. 4<'' j, W 
 lung. 6i 15. 
 
 Troii Rivieres, OX the Three Rivcr.% a 
 town of Lower Canada, fettled by the 
 French in i6ro. The town ftanns o;: 
 the northern bank of the St. l.awrcncr 
 at that part of the river called Lake 
 St. Pierre'*' It is but thmly inhaljited, 
 though cpmmodioufly f'tuated for the 
 fur trade, and vyas fotmerly the feat of 
 the French goTtnmitnt, and the grand 
 mart to which the natives rcfortcd. It is 
 plrafantly fituatcd in a fertile country, 
 about 50 miles S V^ of Quebec. The in- 
 habitants are moftly ricl», and have ele- 
 gant, well lurni filed houfcs, an<l the coun- 
 try round wears a fine ?ppearaiice. N 
 lat. 46 5J, W long. 75 15. 
 
 Trompenur, Capcy d/d Euganna, or Falft 
 
 Cape, is the cafternniofl point of the ifland 
 of St. Domingo. N lat. 18 25, W long. 
 fr(»m Pari.s 7 i. 
 
 Tropick K>vs are fmall iflajids or rocks. 
 
T R U 
 
 T R IT 
 
 If of Grab Ifland, and ofF the E coaft of 
 i»orto Rico Ifland. A number of tropic 
 fcirds breed here, which are a fpecies 
 never Nfeen but between the tropics. 
 
 Trogtioes, a bay at the fouthcrn extrem- 
 ity of the eaftern part of Lake Huron, 
 fcparated from Matchuuoch Buy on the 
 N E by a broad promontory. 
 
 Tronuqua, an ifland on the N coafl of 
 S. America, m the mouth of a fmal! bay 
 pear Cape Seco. a fliort way S E from 
 the E point of the bay or river Tara- 
 tura. 
 
 Trou Jacohy on thc S fide of St. Domin- 
 go. From this to Cape Bcate, or Cape 'a 
 Foux, the fliore is rocky. 
 
 Trou, Le\ a fcttlemcnt in the N part of 
 the French divifujn of thc iiland of St. 
 Domingo. N lat. 19 %S-> W long, from 
 Paris 74 22. 
 
 Troy, a pod town of N. York, Renflel- 
 laer co. 6 miles N of Albany, 3 S of Lan- 
 fmgburgh city, and 405 fromWafiiiugton, 
 on the E bank of Hudfon River. The 
 townfliip of Troy is bounded E by Peterf- 
 fburg, and was taken from. Renflellaer- 
 wyck townfhip, and incorporated in 1791. 
 In 1796, 550 of thc inhabitants were 
 cledlors, and in iSoo, thc whole number 
 was 4,926. In 17 89, the fcite of this 
 flourifliing city was covered with flocks 
 and herds. » 
 
 Trumlull, a port: town in Fairfield co. 
 ConneAicut, 309 miles from Wafhington. 
 It has 1,291 inhabitants. 
 
 Trumltdl, a county of the State of Ohio, 
 is bounded E by the weflern line of Penn- 
 sylvania, N by Lake Erie, S by the par- 
 allel of 41 N lat. extending W 120 miles 
 on the S line, embracing the whole of 
 what is called Neiv CemeSlkut. There is 
 n water communication between St. Law- 
 rence and Miflifippi, except portages at Ni- 
 agara, Three Rivers, and from theCayu- 
 gri to PvTufkingum, 8 miles, the whole not 
 exceeding 30 miles. On Lake Erie are 22 
 velTels from 40 to 2CO tons, employed in 
 tranfportation of furs, falt,Englilli goods, 
 &;c. ^c. acrols tiie lake. This county in 
 loOC had T 303 inhabitants. The county 
 town, Warren, is 76 miles N W from Pittf- 
 burgh. 
 
 TrurOf a town of Nova Scotia, in Hali- 
 fax CO. at the head of thc Baftn of Minas, 
 oppofite to, and 3 miles foutherly of Onf- 
 low ; 40 miles N by W of Halifax, a!)cl 
 40 from Piiflou. It was fettled by the 
 North Irifli, fome Scotch, and the de- 
 fcendanis or North Irifli Through this 
 tov. n runs thc river called by thc Indians 
 
 Shubbcnacadic, navigable for boats tH 
 within 9 miles of Fort Sackvillc. 
 
 Trurc, a poft t.i'vn of Barnftablc co. 
 Maffachufetts, lies between lat. 41 57, 
 and 42 4 N, and between long. 704 and 
 70 13 W. It is on the cafternmoft part 
 of the peninfula of Cape Cod, 57 mile? 
 S E of Boflon, in a ftraight line, but 
 as thc ro^-d runs it is 126, and 40 from 
 the court houfe of Barn liable. It is the 
 P<.met of the Indians, and after its fetrlc- 
 ment in 1700, was fome time called Dan- 
 getfdd; it was incorporated under its 
 prcfent name in 1709, and contams 1,15^ 
 inhabitants. Only one family of Indians 
 remained a few years fince, and lived on 
 famet J*iiint. In the valley called Gretjt 
 Holhtv, a creek fets up from the bay, at 
 the mouth of which is a tide harbour. 
 Thc other landing places are of fmall 
 note. Pamd Harhcur is about lOO yards 
 wide At the mouth, but is wider within ; 
 and if repaired would be of public utility. 
 It lies above 3 leagues S E of Cape Cod 
 harbour. The hill on which the mceting- 
 houfe (lands, branches from thc high 
 land cf Cape Cod, well known to feamen. 
 The mountain of clay in Truro, in the 
 midfc of fandy hills, feems to have been 
 placed there by the God of Nature, to 
 ferve as a foundation for a light-houfc, 
 which, if eredled, might fave the lives of 
 thoufands, and millions of property. The 
 foil of Truro is, in mofl places, fand)'^, 
 like Provincetown ; and the inhabitants 
 derive their principal fubfiflence from 
 the fea, wliich here a!)ounds with vafl: 
 variety of fifli. Great part of their corn 
 and vegetables are procured from Boflon 
 and the neighbouring towns. Two in- 
 habitants of Truro, Captains David 
 Smith and Gamaliel Collings, were thc 
 iirfl who adventured to Falkland Iflands 
 in purfuit of whales. This vov^ge, which 
 was crowned with fuccefs, was undertak- 
 en in 1774, by the advice of Admiral 
 Montague of the Briiifli navy. The 
 whale-men of Truro now vifit the coaft of 
 Guinea and Brazil. Many of the mailers 
 of fhips employed from Boflon and ether 
 ports, are natives of Truro. Thc elderly 
 men nnri fmall boys renrrtin at home to 
 cultivate the ground; the reft are at fea 
 Ids of the year. The women are getif r- 
 aliy employed in fpinning, weaving, knit- 
 ting, &c. 
 
 TruxiHa, a bav. h irbour, and town, at 
 *!.. bi>t;..r.i of St. G ;«j's Bay, on the coaft 
 of Honduras, in the gulf of that name. 
 The bay it about 6 miles broad, being 
 
 deep 
 
T UC 
 
 T U L 
 
 4d«q> and fceurc, and defended by a caf- 
 tle ; but it has little trade. The town 
 Hands about a league from the North 
 Sea, between two rivers, the mouths of 
 vhich, with fome iflands before them, 
 form the harbour. The ccmutry is ex- 
 ceedingly fruitful in corn and grapes, and 
 nottvithftanding the heat: of the climate, 
 very populous. The city is defended by 
 a thick wall towards the fea, and is in- 
 acceffible but by a narrow, ftcep afcent. 
 The caftle joins to the wall, and ftands on 
 a hill. Behind the city are high moun- 
 tains. It lies 300 miles N E of Amapal- 
 la. N lat. 15 20, W long. 85 j6. 
 
 I'ruxillo, the firft: diocefe in the audi- 
 ence of Lima, in Peru. 
 
 I'ruxilloy a bay or harbour, and one of 
 the principal cities of the province of the 
 fame name in Peru, is n leagues from 
 Chocope, and 8c N W of Lima ; and ac- 
 cording to Ulloa, the city lies in lat. 8 6 
 3 S, and long. 77 30 W. It ftands in the 
 valley of Chimo, on a fmall river, about 
 half a league from the fea ; is furround- 
 cd with a brick wall, and from its circuit 
 may be clafl'ed among cities of the third 
 order. Two leagues to the northward is 
 the port of Guanchaco, the channel of its 
 trade. The houfcs make an elegant ap- 
 pearance, being generally of brick, with 
 ftately balconies and fuperb porticoes. 
 
 Truxilloy or Ncfira Smiora de la PaZy a 
 town of New-Granada (Venezuela) and 
 Terra Firma, in S. America, 125 miles S 
 of Maracaibo Lake ; on the S bank of 
 which lake is a village, called Truxiilo, 
 dependent on this city. The city is in 
 lat. 9 %i N, and long. 69 15 W._ 
 
 Trynn Mountainsy in N. Carolina, lie N 
 W of the town of Salifbury, on the bor- 
 ders of the State of Tenncifee. 
 
 Tuape, the chief town of the divifion of 
 Senora, in New Mexico. 
 
 Tuhaiy a fmall ifland, one of the Society 
 Ifiands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is about 4 
 or 5 leagues to the N by W, or N N W 
 from Bolabola. S lat. 16 ii,W long. 151 44. 
 
 Tucapee, on the coaft of Chiii, and the 
 W fide of S. America, is on the S. Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, lO leagues N N E from Rio 
 imperial, and 10 to the iflaud of Santa 
 Maria, or St. Mary. 
 
 TuckabnUheesy a town of the Creek na- 
 tion of Indians. 
 
 Tuckahoc CrecL in Maryland, Talbot co. 
 a branch of Choptank River. 
 
 Tacicrton^ the port of entry for the dif- 
 tricl of Little Egg Harbour, in the State 
 of N. jerfty. 
 
 ^aclertcfj, a pofl town in Burlington co. 
 N. Jerfey, aoi miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Tucuman, a province of S. America, f© 
 called from a tribe of Indians, and in the 
 S W divifion of Paraguay. It is bound- 
 ed N partly by Los Chicas, in Peru, and 
 partly by Chaco ; S by Cayo and Pam- 
 pas ; E by Paraguay Proper, and Rio de 
 la Plata ; and W by St. Jago, in Chili, 
 and the S end of Chicas ; extending it- 
 felf from Rio Vermego to Rio Quarto, 
 almoft from lat. 54 to 34 S, and from E 
 to W, where broadefl:, from the river Sa- 
 le do to the ridge of the Cordillera, fepa- 
 rating it from Chili, almoft from long. 62 
 to 69 30 W. The climate is healthy and 
 temperate. The lands are rich and well 
 cultivated, sfpecially towards Chili, with 
 fome deiart cantons towards the Magel- 
 lanic fide. Its two principal rivers arc 
 Dolce and Salado, that is, the fweet and 
 fait ones ; beGde innumerable fmaller 
 Hreams. The natives are fomewhat civil- 
 ized by the Spaniards, and cover them- 
 fclves with their woollen and cotton man- 
 ufacSlures, and live in villages. 
 
 Tucuyo, a town of New Granada, and 
 
 Terra Firma, in N. America. It ftands 
 
 in a valley of the fame name, every 
 
 where furrounded by mountains. The 
 
 j air is very healthy, and the foil fruitful, 
 
 j and a river divides the place. It is 200 
 
 I miles S of Maracaibo city. N lat. 7 10, 
 
 W long. 68 36. 
 
 Ti/ftonicrougfj, a town of N. Hampfliire, 
 in Strafford co. on the N E fide of Lake 
 Winipifeogee, adjoining Woifborough, 
 containing 357 inhabitants. 
 
 Tugulo River y in Georgia, is the main 
 branch of Savannah River. The other 
 great branch is Keowce, which joining 
 with the other, 15 miles N W of the 
 northern boundary of Wilke's co. form 
 the Savannah. Some branches of the 
 Tugulo rife in the State of TennefTee. 
 A refpeAable traveller relates that in ten 
 minutes, having walked his horfe mod- 
 erately, he tailed of Tugulo, Apalachico- 
 la, and Hiwafi'ee Rivers. 
 
 Tuichtenoona Creek, in the State of New- 
 York, Is 16 milee above SchenecEtady. E 
 of the creek is a curious Indian infcrip- 
 tion. 
 
 Tully, one of the military tov.'nfliips of 
 Onondago co. N- York, having Sempro- 
 nius W, and Fabius E. It is within the 
 jurifdiction of Pompey, lies 29 miles S E 
 of the ferry on Cayuga Lake, «nd has a 
 poft office. 
 
 Tulpiboclciii a branch of the Schuylkill, 
 which 
 
Tir R 
 
 *t V li 
 
 which empties into that river at Reading. 
 Alfo, the name of a town of Pcnnfylva- 
 liia, in Lancafter co. 6 miles W of Mid- 
 diet own, and 65 N W of Philadelphia. 
 Tulpehockcn Creek or River, and Qnita- 
 pahilla, head within 4 miles of each oth- 
 er. The water communication between 
 Schuylkill and Sufquehannah mull be 
 formed over a tradl of country of about 
 40 miles in extent, from river to river, in 
 a ftraightline ; but about 60 miles as the 
 navigation mufl: go. This tra<51: is cut by 
 the above two creeks. The bottom of 
 the canal, through which the navigation 
 mult pafs, will not here rife more than 
 30 feet above the levtl of the head wa- 
 ters of the above two creeks : nor fo much 
 as aoo feet above the level of the waters 
 of Sufquehannah or Schuylkill. 
 
 TuPTitcZf a town in, the road to Lima 
 and Peru, in S. Afiierica, 7 leagues from 
 Salto, a place for landing goods configned 
 to this place, and in lat. 3 12 16 S. Near 
 this town is a river of the fame name, 
 which empties into the bay of Guayaquil. 
 It has near 70 cane houfes. 
 
 Tumbling Dam^ on Delaware River, Is 
 about 11 miles above Trenton. 
 
 tnnhridge, a townfhip of Vermont, 
 Orange co. la miles W of Thetford. It 
 contains 1,314 inhabitauts. 
 
 tunia^ a city of New Granada, in Terra 
 Firma. 
 
 Tu/ija^ a town of New Granada and 
 Terra Firma, in S. America. Ntar it are 
 mines of gold and emeralds. The air is 
 temperate, and tlie foil fruitful. It is 
 about 30 miles S W of Truxillo. N lat. 
 4 51, W long. 7 a 10. 
 
 Tuckers. See Ephrata. 
 
 TunLhannock, a poft town and creek in 
 Luzerne co. Pennfylvaflia. The creek is 
 a water of Sufquelianaah. 
 
 Tupinambas, the name of a famous na- 
 tion who inhabited Brazil on its liift dif- 
 covery by the Portiynicfe. They Ittt their 
 chief abode about Rio de Janeiro, antl 
 wandered up to the parts near the Ama- 
 zon, where the Tapayos are now the dfc- 
 fcendants of that brave people. Their 
 migration and hiflory arc fully defcribcd 
 by Father D.iciinh.a. 
 
 Tura Baviba^ a fp.icious plain of Peru, 
 in S. America, at the extremity of which 
 n-auds the city uf Qnito. To this plain 
 there is \ road from Guayaquil, 
 
 Turbet^ a townflnp of PeunfylvaDla,on 
 Sufq'iehannah River. 
 
 Turlano, a rivei* on the N coafl of S. 
 America, 3 leagues E of ths iJlands Bdr- 
 
 barata. Near it is a fait pond which fuf- 
 niflies all the coaft with fait, and there i» 
 harbour and road for fliips to ride in, 
 
 Turin, a poll town in Oneida co. N. 
 York, 536 miles from Walliington. 
 
 Turhy^ a fmall town of N. Jerfey, Ef- 
 fc3 CO. 14 mHes N W of Elizabeth Town. 
 
 Turhy Foot, in Youghiogany River, is 
 the point of junftion of the great S 
 Branch, Little CrolTings from the S E, 
 and N Branch from the northward, ft 
 is 2)5 n^iles from the mouth of the river, 
 z% miles S S W of Berlin, in Ptnnfylva* 
 nia, and 36 N E of Morgantown. N lat. 
 39 44. 
 
 Turkey Point, a promontory on the N 
 fide of Lake Erie, oppofite to Prei'quc 
 Illc, on the S fide, about 50 miles acrof«. 
 
 Turhy Point, at the head of Chefapeak 
 Bay, is a point of land formed by the 
 waters of the bay on the N W, and thofc 
 of Elk River on the S E. It is about 15^ 
 miles S V/ of Elkton, and 44 N £ of An- 
 napolis. Here the Britifli army landed, 
 in Auguft, 1777, before they advanced to 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Turks JJlands, fcveral fmall iilands in the 
 W. Indies, about ^iS leagues N E of the 
 ifiand of St. Domingo. The Berniudiansr 
 frequently come hither and make a great 
 quantity of fait, and the fliips which fail 
 from St. Domingo commonly pafs within 
 fight of them. N lat. 21 1 8, W long. 7 x 5. 
 
 Turner, a tcwnlliip of Maine, Cumber- 
 land CO. on the W bank of Androfcoggin 
 River, which divides it from Green ia 
 Lincoln co. It was incorporated in 17 Sd, 
 contains 722 inhabitants, 172 miles N of 
 Boflon, and 31 S W of Hallowell. Tiven- 
 ty mile Stream runs through the middle of 
 this townfhip, and falls into the Great 
 Amarifkoggin River oppcfice the planta- 
 tion of Litticborough, and about 5 miles 
 below Thirty mile Stream. 
 
 Turtle Jjlaiid, in the S. Pacific Occnn, is 
 nearly a league long, and not half fv> 
 broad. It is furroundcd by a reef of 
 coral rocks, that have no foundings with- 
 out thtm. S iat. 19 49, W long. 177 57. 
 
 Tuide Creely in Pcnnfylvania, a fmall 
 ftream which empties through the E bank 
 of Monong^hcla River, about fa miles 
 from the mouth of that river, at Pittf- 
 burg. At the head of this creek, Gener-^ 
 al Braddock engaged a party of Indians, 
 the 9th of July, 17 55, on his v ay ro Fort 
 du Quefnc, now Finfourg, where he wa4 
 repulied, himfdf killed, his army put to 
 flight, and the remains of the army 
 brisuoh: ofF the field by the addrefs and 
 
 courage 
 
T W E 
 
 U C A 
 
 courage of Colonel, afterwards General j 
 Waihington. j 
 
 Turilc River, m Georgia, empties into i 
 St. Simon's Sound, and its bar has a fuf- 
 iiciency of water for the largefl: vefTel that 
 fwims. At its mouth is the town of 
 Bfuiifwick, which has a noble and capa- 
 cious harbour. The town is regularly 
 laid out, but not yet built. The lands 
 on the banks of this river are laid to be 
 czrellent. 
 
 Tury^ a river on the coaft of Brazil, in 
 S. America, 40 leagues E S E of the river 
 Cayta. The iUand of St. John lies juft 
 off the river's mouth, and makes a vcy 
 good harbour on tlie inHdc of it. But 
 the paflagc both in and out, is difficult, 
 and no pilots are u> be had. 
 
 Tufcarcra Creek, a iniall ftream of Pcnn- 
 fylvacia, which empdes through the S W 
 hank cf Junistta K.ivcr, 12 miles S E of 
 Levvifliown. 
 
 Tufcarora Villages, lie a mile from each 
 Other, 4 miles from Queenftown, in U. 
 Canada, containing together about 40 de- ' 
 cayed houfes. Vertices of ancient fortiii- 1 
 cations are vifible in this neighbourhood. { 
 The Indian houfes arc about 12 feet | 
 fquare; many of them are wholly cover- | 
 ed with bark, others have the walls of { 
 logs, in the fame manner as the firft fet- ! 
 tiers among white people built iheir huts, j 
 having chimneys in which they keep i 
 comfortable fires. Many of them, how- 1 
 ever, retain the ancient cullom of having i 
 the fire in the centre of the houfe. The I 
 lands in the vicinity are of a good quality. | 
 
 Tufcaroi-as, a tribe of Indians in the i 
 State of N. Yotk. They migrated from } 
 i^r. Carolina, about the year 17 12, and | 
 vircre adopted by the Oneidas, with whom j 
 they have fiace livtd, on the fuppofition 1 
 that they v/tre originally the fame tiihc, i 
 from AVI affinity which there is in tlicir | 
 language. They noiv confift of about j 
 400 fouls, tlieir village is between Kah- 1 
 nanwolohale and New Stockbridge, on 
 Tufcarora or Oneida Cieck. Thet r6- | 
 Ceive an annuity of about 400 dollars I 
 from the United States. 
 
 Ttiflitiraiv'ty the sncient name of a head 
 water af MuflilxuMim River. It is alio 
 called Tufcarawas. 
 
 Tutapan, a large town on the W coaft 
 of New MeSico, lu tlie N. Pacific Occnn. 
 From the river Sacatuha, the high and j 
 rugged land extends N W 25 leagues. 
 
 Tzvelve IflcT, or Tncek.c ApoJiUs', i lies on | 
 the S lide cf Lakt: Superior, and on the • 
 S fiile of tiie mou'tli of \U(i Bay, 
 
 twenty Mile Creeky an caftem brarick' 
 of Tombigbee River, in Georgia, which 
 runs firft a S by E courfe, then turns to 
 the S W. Its mouth lies in about lat. 33 
 Zi N, and long. 88 W, , 
 
 Twenty Five Mile Pond^ a fettlement ia 
 Kennebeck co. Maine. 
 
 TivigbtTveesy a tribe of Indians, in the 
 State of Ohio, inhabiting near Miami 
 River and Fort. Warriors 200. See 
 IVaiviachtonos. 
 
 Tyhee JJland, Oft the coafl of Georgia, 
 lies at the mouth of Savannah River, to 
 the fouthward of the bar. It is very 
 pleafant, with a beautiful creek to the W 
 of it, where a lliip of any burden may 
 lie fafe at anchor. A light-houfe Hands 
 on the illaud, 80 feet high, and in lat. 32 
 N, and long. 8i 10 W. The light-houfe 
 is 7 miles E S E i E from Savannah. 
 
 Tyboiney a townfl^iip of Pennfylvania, ill 
 Cumberland co. having 1,446 inhabitants.. 
 
 Tygart's Valley, in Pennfylvania, lies 
 on Monorigahela River. 
 
 Tygcr, a fmall river of S.Carolina, rifcs 
 in the Alleghany Mountains, and, taking 
 a S E courfe nearly parallel to Enorec 
 river, empties into Broad River, 5 miles 
 above the Enoree. 
 
 Tyn<rJboroufrh, a town£hIp of MaiTacliu- 
 fetts, Middlefex co. on Merrimack River, 
 31 miles N of Boflon, containing 696 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Tyngjloivn^ a townfliip of Kennebeck 
 CO. -Maine, containing 244 inhabitants. 
 
 Tyiingham, a townfliip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, Bcrkfliire CO. It contains 1,712 in- 
 habitants, lies 14 miles from the fhire 
 town, and 1 40 W of Bofton. 
 
 Tyrone, two townfliips of Pennfylva- 
 nia ; the one in York co, the other in 
 that of Cumberland, the latter having- 
 1.946 inhabitants. 
 
 Tyrrel, a maritime county of Edentcn 
 diaricV, N. Carolina ; bounded N by Roa- 
 noke River and Albemarle Sound, and S' 
 by Beaufort. It is gaierally a low, flnt,. 
 
 " fvvampy country, and concains 3,363 
 
 iiihabitants. 
 
 Uc 
 
 VJ. 
 
 CAH, Fori, on the N W coaft of N. 
 America, is lltuated on Wafliington's Ul- 
 an d, S of Port Geyer, and N of Port 
 Sturgis, At its mouth are Nccdhaai't, 
 li'les. The middle of the entrance of thli 
 bay is in lat. 52 25 N. 
 
 Ueoyala Rv:r., a S branc'u of Aniazoi'. 
 PJver, 
 
UMU 
 
 V n 1 
 
 thle, an Indian town on tFic Chata 
 tlclie River. It is fituatcd, according to 
 Bartram, on a vafl plain, and is the larg- 
 eft, mofl: compatft, and beft b;iilt Indian 
 town he ever faw. The habitations are 
 large, and neat ; the walls of the houfes 
 are conftrudled of a wooden frames then 
 lathed and plaflered infide and out with 
 a reddifli wtll-tempcred clay or mortar, 
 which gives them the appearance of red 
 brick walls ; and the roofs are neatly 
 covered with cyprcfs bark, or fliingles. 
 The town appears populous and thriving, 
 full of youth and young children ; and is 
 fuppofed to contain about 1,500 inhabit- 
 ants. They are able to mufter 500 gun- 
 inen or warriors. Their national lan- 
 guage is radically different from the Creek 
 or Mufcogulge tongue, and is called the 
 Savanna or Savanuca tongue. It is faid 
 to be the fame or a dialeiS of the Shaw- 
 snefe. Although in confederacy with 
 the Creeks, they do not mix with them ; 
 and are of importance enough to excite 
 the jcaloufy of the whole Mufcogulge 
 confederacy, and are ufually at variance, 
 yet are wife enough to unite againfl: a 
 tommon enemy to lupport the intereft of 
 the general Creek confederacy. 
 
 Uliftea, one of the Society Illands in the 
 iS. Pacific Ocean, is about 7 or 8 leagues 
 from the ifland of Huaheine, at S W by 
 W. There are 9 uninhabited iflands \V 
 of it. The S end lies in lat. 16 S5 Sjand 
 long, iji ao W. 
 
 Ulloa, or St. John de Ulloa, near the W 
 fliore of the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Ulftcr^ a mountainous and hilly coUnty 
 of N. Yorkj bounded E by Hudlbn Riv- 1 
 er, S by the county of Orange, and N by 
 the CO. of Green. Chief town, Kingfton. ] 
 
 Uhijes^ one of the military towndiips in | 
 Cayuga co. N. York, fituated at the S 
 end of Cayuga Lake, having HeiTlor W, 
 and Dryden E, which laft townlliip is in- 
 cluded within the jurifditftion of Ulylfes, 
 Vv'hich was incorporated in 1794. It has 
 927 inhabitants. 
 
 Umbacrog^ the general name of a clwin 
 or collection of Eakes in the northerly 
 .part of York co. Maine, which all fall 
 into the Great Amarifkoggin River. 
 Their feveral names are Aqueibok, Mo- 
 felmagunteag, Molachankamaug, Kene- 
 bakook, and Welokenebakook. l^vvo 
 ftrcams, the Kupfuktook and the Maga- 
 Jowiij fall in on the N lide. The furvcys 
 nf this northern part of the country arc 
 too defccflive to give a more particular 
 M\(\ pre^cife defcriptioB JVuhutt. 
 
 Vet. h H K h h 
 
 Umliigocr, a large lake of N Hampfliire^ 
 next in fize to Lake Winipiftogee. It 
 lies in Grafton co. and a fmall part of it 
 in Maine. 
 
 Unadilla, a tiver of the State of New- 
 York, called alfo Tianaderha, runs fouth- 
 ward, and joining the main branch, 
 forms Chenango River. 
 
 Unadilh^ a pofl: town of N. York, Otfe- 
 go CO. on the northern fide of the main 
 branch of Chenango River. It is about 
 1 10 miles S W of Albany, and 458 from 
 Wafliington, and has 828 inhabitants. 
 Unaka Mounid'in. See TenneJJ'de. 
 Un.irrJ^ a tribe of the Delaware Indians, 
 conlidered as the head of that nation. 
 
 Underhill^^ townfliip of Vermont, Chit- 
 tenden CO. I z miles E of Colchefter, and 
 contains 212 inhabitants. 
 
 Unicorn, a pofl town in Lancafter co. 
 Pennfylvania, 124 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 Union, a diflricl of S. Carolina, contain- 
 ing 10,235 inhabitants, of whom 1,697 
 are flaves. It fends two reprefentativea 
 and one fcnator to the State Legiflature. 
 Chief town, Pinckneyville. At the court 
 houfe there is a pofl office; 
 
 Union, a rocky townfliip in Tolland co. 
 Connecticut, W of Woodftotk, and about 
 12 miles NE of Tolland. It has 767 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Union^ a townfliip of Alaine, Lincoln 
 CO. at the head of Mufkongus River, con- 
 taining 573 inhabitants. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1786, and is 290 miles from 
 Boflon. 
 
 Union.) a pofl town of N. York, Tioga 
 CO. on the N fide of Sufquehannah R^iver^ 
 and W of the mouth of Chenango, I2X 
 miles S E by E of Williamfliurg, on Gen- 
 elTee River, 24 E N E of Athens, or Tio- 
 ga Point, 92 S W of Gcoperflown, 340 N 
 hv W of Philadelphia, and 390 from 
 Wafliington. It has 927 inh<?bitants. 
 
 Union River, in tiie county of Hancock, 
 Maine, empties into Blue Hill Bay, on 
 the E fide of Penobfcot Bay. Long-If]- 
 and, in this bay, is in lat; 44 25, and 
 long. 67 45. 
 
 Union Torvn, in the MifTifippi Territo- 
 ry, Pickering co; containing 41 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Union Tnivn, a pofl town of Peunfylva- 
 nia, Fayette co. on Rcdflone Creek. It 
 contains a church, a flone gaol, and a 
 brick court houfe, about 80 dwelling- 
 houfcs, and 1,7 19 people. Near it are 
 two valuable merchant mills. It is the 
 feat of the countv courts, and is 14 miles 
 
 Sby 
 
u N r 
 
 N r 
 
 5 by S of Brownfviile, where Redftonc ; 
 Creek enters the Monongahela, 58 miles 
 SLof Pittfburg, 24 N E of Morpantown, 
 ki Virpnia, 327 W of Philadelphia, and 
 a.32 from Wafliington. 
 
 Uf'ittis, a village of N. Carolina, fjtuat- 
 ed at the head of Gargal's Creek. 
 
 United States. The United States of. 
 America, eXclufivc of Louifiaua, occupy, 
 perh?.p.?, the 39.th part of the habitable 
 gio'^e, and the 199th part of the whole, 
 'i'hty are claiTed in 3 grand diviliona* 
 
 J. Tl'e NEW^E.i GLAN.D-, cr Eastern, 
 cr Ncr.THERN States. 
 
 p^crmont, D'ljina of M^iim, 
 
 Nnr-Hampjhir*,' Rhode- JJl.ind, £.nd 
 
 ][>f Jj'jchi<fctts, inclu. Corunillcut. 
 
 W. Th MIDDLE States.. 
 
 N-iv-Trrk, Olio,. 
 
 P.nfylvaniay and 
 
 Dela-vare, Wayne,. 
 
 III. T/'^ Southern States.. 
 
 Maryland, Tcnncjfee, 
 
 p^irg'tniay South Carolina^ 
 
 Kfntucly, Georcrh, and 
 
 Nortb-Carclway. Mijjifipp'i Tsrr'itor^y. 
 
 To thtfe may now be added, the vafi 
 ipoaiury of Louiliana. The whole terri- 
 tory now under the govtrnmcnt of the 
 United State?,, is generally defcribed in 
 the Appendix, iindcr the head of Fredo- 
 nia ; which fee. 
 
 The above grand divillons, as alfo ths 
 difFerent Statcs,have already been defcrib- 
 ed; to which we refer the reader. The ter- 
 ritory of the United States, before Loui- 
 fiana was annexed, was in length 1,250 
 miles, and in breadth i,040,lyi.ng between 
 71 and 46 N lat. and between 64 and 96 
 W long, from London ; bounded N and 
 E by Erilifli America, or the provinces 
 of Upper and Uower Canada, and New- 
 Brunfwick ; S E by the Atlantic Ocean ; 
 S by Eafl and Wtft Florida, and W by 
 the river Mifllllppi. A<:cording to Mr, 
 Hutchins, it contained, by computation, 
 a million of fquarc miles, in which arc 
 
 640,000,000 acres 
 Dedudt for water 51,000^000 
 
 }589, 
 
 Acres of land in the 
 
 United States 
 The largcO: rivers that border upon, or 
 pais throi\ph the United States, are Mif- 
 filippi, Ohio, and TacudTcc, on the W 
 
 fide of the Alleghany Mountains; itS 
 the Alatamaha, Savann?h. Santee, Cape 
 Fear, Roanoke, Jamep, Patowmac, Suf- 
 quehf^n^ah, Delaware, Hudfon, Ccnncdl- 
 icut, Merrimack, Pifcataqua. Androfcog- 
 gin, Kennebeck, and Penobfcot, whofe 
 geneial courfes are from N W and N to* 
 .S E and S, and which empty inio the At- 
 lantic Ocean. The United Stsles embo- 
 fom Ibme of the largift lakes in the 
 world. The moft remarkr>b!e lie in a 
 chain along their noitherr. boundary 
 upon the Canada line, and t>re I>akes Su- 
 perior, Mich:;»an, Huron, Eric, Ontario, 
 C'hamplaine, George, Memp!\remagog, 
 Umbagog, CherAunkook, and Moofchead 
 liake. The moil; remarkable fwamps 
 are Ekanfanoka, nearly 300 m.iles in cir- 
 cun^fertnce in the State of Georgia ; the 
 two Difiiials in North-Carolina, of im»- 
 menfe extent, each containing a large 
 lake in its ceiitre ; and BufFalcc Swamp^ 
 in the north-weftcrn parts of Pennfylva- 
 nia. ') he principal mountains in the 
 United States arc Agamenticus, in Maine;, 
 the White Mountains and Monadnock, 
 in New-Hampfliire ; Wachufett, in Maf- 
 fachufett^i ; the Green Mountains, in 
 Vermont ; and the Allcgliany Mountains,, 
 about 9C0 miles in length, and from 150 
 to 250 in breadth. The face of the coun- 
 j *''y» generally fpeaking, is agreeably va- 
 I riegated with plainsand mountains, vales 
 i and hills. New-England is an uneven,.. 
 I hilly and rocky country. A broad fpscCv 
 ; including all the branches of the Alleg- 
 hany Mountains, commencing at Hud~ 
 fon's River in New-York, and extending 
 eircuitouHy fouth-weflcriy through all the 
 States wcftwardand fuuthv/ard, Delaware 
 excepted, is mountainous. Eaftward of 
 fcliefe mountains, quite to the fea-coafV, a. 
 border of from 60 to ico miles, and 
 fometimss more, in breadth, is a remark- 
 ably level country, and in the foutherii 
 States free of ftone. Weft of this r-ange 
 of mountains, is a fine and charmingly 
 diverfificd country, well watered, fertilc,- 
 temperate in climate, and incrcaGng in 
 population with unexampled rapidity.. 
 Every fpecies of foil that the earth af- 
 fords may be found in the United States ; 
 and all the various kinds of fruits, grain, 
 pulfe and garden plants and roots which 
 are found in Europe ; befidcs a great va- 
 riety of native vegetable production?. 
 Tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, torn, cot- 
 ton, rye, oats, barley, buck-wheat, fl^r, 
 and hemp, are among the principal pro- 
 du(^on» of the Uatited States, Th* 
 
 Units4 
 
^UKl 
 
 IJ -H \ 
 
 ':United States conflitute a Republic, con- 
 fifling of 17 feparAtc, indqicndeuc States, 
 ^bclides fevcral territorial governments) 
 ixaving governors, conftitutions and laws 
 of their own, uiiiced under a general, fed- 
 eral ccnftituticn of government, adminif- 
 tered by an eleiStive head, and t)y a.pro- 
 .portionatc number of reprefcutativcs of 
 the people from all the States. The 
 mercliants of this country carry on an 
 -Cxtcnfive foreign trade with Ruflia, Swe- 
 den, Denmark, Kamhurgh, United Neth- 
 erlands, Great-Britain, Aullrian Nether- 
 lands and Germany, France, Spain, Por- 
 tugal, and Italy, in Europe — with Mo- 
 rocco, and feveral other parts of Africa — 
 •with China, and various Afiatic countries, 
 ■and the Eaft-India Iflands — with 4:he 
 Weft-Indies, and the N W coaft of N. 
 America. The principal articles export- 
 ed are fiili, lumber, live ftock, htcf, pork, 
 flour, wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, rice, 
 indigo, flax-feed, pot and pearl allies, 
 iron, &c. There were, in 1803, 54 banks 
 •in the United States ; of thefe 34 were E 
 of Philadelphia, Tlie number of ftock- 
 iholders in the funds of the United States, 
 *in i8o3,e3ftof Philadelphia, was 7,971, 
 -who draw annually 1,785,443 dolls.; fouth 
 of Philadelphia, 137s, who drew annually 
 340,4.35. 'The exports of the year end- 
 ingSept. 30, 1 7 96, amounted to 67,064,095 
 dollars. S>x years before, the value of 
 exports WAS but about 18 million* of dol- 
 lars. The aggregate amoimt of exports 
 in 180 1, was 7 1,957,144 dolls.; ia 1803, 
 55,800,033 dollars. The tea import- 
 ed into the United States, in 1791, di- 
 rectly from China, was 2,601,852 lbs. 
 The export of faltcd beef and pork, in 
 1791, was 66,000 barrels, i'hc fifliing 
 trade of the United States is K;hdered pe- 
 culiarly important as a means of defence 
 or of annoying the commerce orf hoftile 
 nations. The filliermen may be tranf- 
 muted by war immediately into a corps 
 of privatecrfmen, and their fliips into 
 •private vcireU of war. A tax of zo cents 
 a month, on eachfeaman, while a<5lually 
 -employed, has been laid by Congrefs, to 
 form a fund for the relief of lick and dif- 
 abled feamen. The whole fum collei5led, 
 from the commencement of the c(lablifl> 
 ment, to the 3Cth of June, 1803, was 
 544,079 dolU. SS cents. Of this 22,067 
 dolls. 81 cents, have been deducted from 
 the pay of feamen employed in public 
 fervice, and 212,011 dolls. 74 cents from 
 chat of feamen in private fcr vice. Near- 
 ly a ihird ^art cf this fum has beea col- 
 
 leAcd in the fingle State of Mafrachufetis. 
 From this fund marine hofpilais h<i"e been 
 erevfted at Norfolk, in Virginia, and at 
 Charleftown, in Maffachufetts ; the litter 
 coft 14,000 dollars. The capital ports 
 for large fliips, in the United States ftand 
 thus ranked: Newport, in Rhode-lHand; 
 Portland, in Maine ; and N. York. Sev- 
 eral important branches of mnnufatfturcs 
 have grown up and flv:)uriflied with a ra- 
 pidity which furprifes ; affording an e&- 
 couraging affurance of fuccefs in future 
 attcmprs. Religion here is placed on its 
 j proper baGs, without the feeble and un- 
 wrirranted aid of civil power, and is left 
 to be fupportcd by its own evidence, by 
 the lives of it6 profefTors, and by the al- 
 mighty care of its Divine Author. The 
 following denominations of Chriuians are 
 more or Itfs numerous, viz Congrega- 
 tionalifts, Frefb) terians, Epifcupalians, 
 Dutch Pvcformed Church, B=ptifts, Qua- 
 kers, Methodilts, Roman Carhoiics, Ger- 
 man Lutherans, German Calvinifts, Mo- 
 ravians or United iSretkren of the Epif- 
 copal church, Tunkcrs, Menncnifts, Uni- 
 vcrfalifts, and Shakers. There are a fevf 
 Jews ; and many who rejeA revealed re- 
 ligion as unneceflary, inconver icnt, and 
 fabulous, and plezd the fufficiciuy of 
 natural religion. In 1800, ther'; \irere 
 5,305,666 inhabitants in the Unitcfi 
 States ; 893,605 of whom v/ere flares. 
 The prefeut number is probably nearly 
 fix millions, made up of almoft all the 
 different nations of Europe, but princi- 
 pally Off the defcendauts of the Englifh 
 nation. The military ftrength of this 
 country lies in a well-difciplined militia 
 of about 900,000 brave and independent 
 freemen, and an army of about 3 or 4,003 
 men to defend the frontiers of the Union, 
 and to man the feveral fortreflcs in the 
 different parts of the United States. The 
 eftimates of the Secretary of the Treaf- 
 ury itr the fervicc of the year 1804^ 
 were — 
 
 DoHs. Crs. 
 
 For the civil lifl, 564,308 6% 
 
 Mifcellaneous expcnfcs, 183,496 50 
 For intercourfe with for- > ,,^^^^ 
 
 eign nations, J '^ ^ -^ 
 For the military depart-") 5,, 
 
 ment, ' ^^(>3..5Z 9 
 
 For the naval eflablifirment, 650,000 
 
 Total, 2,421,056 27 
 
 Sec America, iV. America, and FreJonia, 
 in the Appendix. 
 
 Unityy a Xcttlemcnt in Keanebeck co. 
 
U R A 
 
 U T R 
 
 Mainr, 8 miles W of Sidney, oppofite 
 Vail alborough, and 15 miles N VV of 
 Hallnwell. It lits on Sandy River, about 
 
 16 miies from its mouth. 
 
 Unity, a towi-ifliip of N. Hampfliire, 
 Chelliire co. a few miles N E of Ciiarlef- 
 town. It was incorporated in 1764, and 
 contains 902 inhabitant?. 
 
 Unity T^iony in Montgomery co. Ma- 
 ryland, lits a or 3 miles from Patuxent 
 River, 11 from Aiontgomcry court houfe, 
 and 24 northerly of the ciiy of Wafliing- 
 tou. 
 
 Up^trhaivar.an, or temifcamairr^ a Cana- 
 dian fett!tnitnt in N. America, in lat. 47 
 
 17 30 N. 
 
 Upper Alloivays Creei, in Salem co. N. 
 Jcrfcy. 
 
 Upptr Bald Eaglcy a townfliip of Pcnn- 
 fjlvania, Mifflin co. 
 
 Upper Freihdd^ a townfliip of N. Jerfey, 
 Monmouth co. h.'.s Freehold on the E, It 
 contained, in 1790, 3,442 inhabitants. 
 
 Upper Gretit A^onaJnock^ in the town- 
 ihip of Ltnnngton, in the N E corner of 
 Vermont, on ConnccSlicut River. 
 
 Upper Hano'Uir^ a townfliip of Pcnnfyl- 
 vania, Montgomery co. 
 
 Upper TAarlborohghy a pofl town of Ma- 
 ryland, 16 miles S E of Bladenlburg, 15 
 N E of Pifcatav.-ay, and 18 fxom Walh- 
 ington. 
 
 Upper Mlljhrd, a townfliip of Pcnnfyl- 
 vania, Northampton county. 
 
 Upper Penns Neck, a townfliip of Js\ 
 Terfey, Salem county. 
 
 Upper SauiOy a place in N. Carolina, on 
 Dan P>.iver, shout 200 miies from Halifax. 
 
 Uf-tier Suvage IJlanJs^ in Hudibn's Bay. 
 N lat'. 6z 3'i 30, W long. 70 48. 
 
 Uptight B.}\, near the W end of the 
 Straits of Magellan. S lat, i3 S, W 
 long. 75 35. 
 
 Upton, a townfliip of Manaclmfetts, 
 Worcefler co. containing 854 inhabit- 
 ants, difperfed on 13,000 acres of land, 
 fiivourablc for orcharding, paflurage and 
 graf=;. It is W of Sherburne, 15 miles $ 
 E of Worctflcr,and 38 S W of Bofton. 
 
 Upton, a village in tl;e townfliip of Still- 
 V!i\ftx, in N. Yoik. 
 
 Uiatho, a river on the E coail of S. 
 America, is iS leagues W N W of Cau- 
 rora River. 
 
 Ur/rgi'tx, a province in the E divifion of 
 Paraguay, in S. Americ.t, wiioi'e cliicf 
 town is Los Reyes. 
 
 Uranf, a riv'cr en the N coafl: of S. 
 Americ.T, which fnters tl.e ocean abiesfl: 
 of the vsTtflvrnmoU of the f'tritas Iflantis, 
 
 about 3 leagues weftward of Comanr* 
 Bay. It only admits fmall boats and ca- 
 noes. Otchier Bay is W of it. 
 
 Urbanna, a fmall pofl town of Virginia, 
 Middlefex co. S W fide of Rappahan- 
 nock River, %% miles from Stingray Point, 
 at the mouth of the river, 7 3 S E of Frcd- 
 erickfburgh, 73 E by S of Richmond, and 
 145 from Wafliington. Wheat is fliip- 
 ped from this to Europe, and Indian 
 corn, &c. to N. England, Nova-Scotia, 
 a»d the W. Indies. 
 
 Urvaig^ or Urvaiga, a province of S. 
 America ; bounded by Guayra on the N, 
 the mouth of Rio de la Plata S, the cap- 
 tainry of del Rey E, and Parana W, 
 from which it Is divided by the river of 
 that name. Its extent is from lat. a.T 
 to 33 20 S ; the length from N E to S i: 
 being fomev.-hat a'.iove aio leagues, and 
 the breadth from E to W, where broad- 
 cfl, 130, but much narrower in other 
 parts. It is divided by the river Urvaiga, 
 or Uruguay, into the E and W parts. 
 This river runs above 400 leagues, the 
 upper part with a prodigious noife among 
 rocks and ftoncs, and falls into the La 
 Plata nearly oppolitc Buenos Ayres. 
 
 Uiaivas, a river wliich divides Upper 
 and L. Canada, and falls into Jtlus Lake, 
 n8 milts S W of Qnebec. It receives 
 the waters of Timmilkamain 360 mile* 
 from, its mouth ; 85 miles above it is call- 
 ed Montreal River. 
 
 Utico, a toAvn of Oneida co. N. York, 
 on the S bank of the Mohawk River, 3 
 miles from Wiiittfoorough. This place, 
 with Whitcfborough and New-Hartford, 
 form the townfliip of Whiteflown. Uti- 
 ca rtands on the fcite of Old Fort Schuy- 
 ler, and is well fituated for trade, as the 
 articles of c<mmerce which pafs up and 
 down the Mohawk, are landed here. It 
 bids fair to be a place of great import- 
 ance, Its increafe lias been remzrka* 
 ble. In the year 1794, there were only 
 two houfes on this I'pot. Now, (in 1804) 
 it has fcveral handfome flreels laid out 
 and built with genteel houfes, and large 
 ftorcs, and contains about 2,oco inhabit- 
 ants. Here is a large commodious hotel, 
 of brick, two printing-offices, where 
 ncwfpapers are printed that have an cxi 
 renfive circulation; alfo two bookflore«. 
 There is a bridge aciofs the Mohawk 
 oppofite this town. 
 
 Utreehi, NetVy a townfhip of N. York, 
 
 King's CO. Long-lfland. It has a Dutch 
 
 church, and contains 778 inhabitanls. It 
 
 is 7 or B mile* fcuthward gf N- York city, 
 
 Uxbid^c^ 
 
V A L 
 
 V A U 
 
 Uxlty^e, a townfliip of Maflachufetts, [, 
 Worccfler co. 41 miles S W of Bofton. It j 
 was taken from Mendon, and incorpo- j 
 rated in 1727, and Northbridge was af- j 
 tcrAvards taken from it. It c<intains i8o 1 
 dwelling-houfes, and 1,404 inhabitants. It j 
 is bounded S by Rhode-Iiland. Not far j 
 from Shoe-log Pond, in the S W part of t 
 the town, there is an iron mine which is ; 
 improved to couflderable advantage, { 
 
 V. 
 
 r ACCASy Cjyo, one of the Tortuga«, or 
 Florida Keys, eaihvard of Bahia Honda ; 
 the diftance between them is 4 leagues, 
 and the coad in its direction turns to the 
 northward. On the S fide of Cayo Vac- 
 cas, about 8 miles fiom the W end, there 
 are v/eils of frelli water. A tliick range 
 of ifles go by this name, Bahia Honda 
 is in lat. ■24 35 N. 
 
 Faccoy called alfo the Coivs, or N'cat^s 
 Tongue, a low point on the W coaft of 
 Chili, in 3. America, which bounds the 
 bay of Tonguey W. 
 
 Vachcy or C01VS I/Ia/iJA'its on the S coaft 
 of the Ibuthern pcninfula of St. Domingo, 
 and is about 4^ leagues long, and in the 
 broadeft part a league and a half from 
 N to S. The S point is 3 leagues E of 
 Point Abacou ; and in la.t. 18 4 N, and 
 long, from Paris 76 j W. It has a very 
 good foil, with Z or 3 tolerable ports, and 
 lies very conveniently for trade with the 
 jSpanilh colonies on the continent, and 
 with Cayenne. The feamen call this 
 Alli Ifland, a corruption fiom Vafli, as it 
 is pronounced. 
 
 facb, et le Torreav^ or Coiv and Bull 
 Mocks, on the S coafl of Newfoundland 111- 
 ■«ind, are about a mile S E of Cape St. Ma- 
 ry, which is the point between the clecp 
 bay of Placentia W, and St. Mary's Bay 
 E. They are fair above water, but there 
 are others near them which lurk under 
 water. 
 
 Fae\ If and, Anthony, a fmall ifland on 
 the E coaft of Brazil, in S. America- It 
 lies S of the fandy Reccif, and oppofite, it 
 is joined to the continent by a bridge. 
 
 Faifeaux J (land. Oil the N fl) ore of the 
 Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 FalaJolid, or Falladalid, called by the 
 Indians Comayagua, is the chief city of 
 the province of Honduras, in New Spain. 
 It is the feat of the Governor, and is a 
 bifhop's fee fuifragan of Mexico, finct 
 the year 1558. It is on a plain, 30 mites 
 W yl the Gulf of Honduras, ryo S W of 
 
 TruxIIIo, and 65 S E of Mcrida. N lat 
 14 10, W long. 51 zf. 
 
 Faldi'via, See Baldl"Jia. 
 
 Valerc'ia^ a town in the province of C:^* 
 racas, on Terra Firma, about 80 miles N 
 of Baraquicimeto, and 250 W of Cuma- 
 ua. N lat. 10, Wlong. 67. 
 
 Valley Forge, a place on Schuylkill Riv- 
 er, i5 miles from Philadelphia. Hero 
 Gen. Waihington remained witii his ar- 
 my, in huts, during the winter of 1777, 
 after the Britifli had taken poiTeflion of 
 that city. 
 
 Falparalfo, a large and populous town 
 of Chili, in S. America, having a harbour 
 forming the port of St. Jago, in iat. 2^ % 
 36 S, and long. 77 29 W. It is 390 miles 
 E of the ifland of Juan Fcrnandes. From 
 this port the principal part of the com- 
 merce of the kingdom is carried on, on 
 account of its acntral fituation. The dif- 
 tance of this port from St. Jago was for- 
 merly 30 leagues, but by a new and ex- 
 penfive road through fwamps and over 
 hills, it is reduced to 22 leagues. The 
 diftance from St. Jago to Buenos Ayres is 
 20 days journey for the poft ; after you 
 pafs the Andes eaftward, the road is 
 through an entire defert, without any 
 fort of vegetation, perfcClIy level, without 
 
 even a hillock. Fancowuer. 
 
 Fancou-vers Fort, in Kentucky, ilands 
 at the junction of the two branches of 
 Big Sandy River, 20 miles N of Harmar'a 
 Station. 
 
 Fan Dyhes, Jo(l and Little, two of the 
 fmaller Virgin Iflands, N W of Tortola. 
 N lat. T 8 25, W long. 63 ij. 
 
 Fanjlo'um, in the country of the Cher- 
 okees, on a branch of Alabama River. 
 
 Frfe River, au, empties into the Milll- 
 iippi from the N E, 3 miles below the 
 Great Rock, about ^5 N W by N of the 
 mouth of the Ohio, and about the fame 
 diftance N W of Fort MalTac. It is nav- 
 igable into the Indiana Tcnitory, about 
 60 miles, through a rich country, abound- 
 ing in extenfive natural meadows, and 
 number lefs herds of buiTaloe, deer, Sec. 
 It is about 8 miles above Cape St. Aato* 
 uio. 
 
 Fajfalborovgh, a pod town of Kenncbeciv 
 CO, Maine, on the E fide of Kennehtck 
 River, about half way between HalUj- 
 well and Win/low, 10 miles from Auguf- 
 ta, and 204 miles N by E of Boflon. It 
 was incorporated in 177 1, and contains 
 1,1 88 inhabitants. 
 
 Vauclin Bay, on the E coaft: of the ifland 
 of Mzirtiiijco, Vaucliii Point forms the 
 
 5 i'luc 
 
V E N 
 
 T E It 
 
 "S fide of Louis Bay, on the E coaft of the 
 fame ifland. 
 
 Favaoo, one of the Friendly Ifiands in 
 the S. Pacific Ocean. It is about a days 
 fail from Hapaee, lat. i8 34 S. It is near- 
 ly as large as Tongataboo, more lotty, and 
 better fupplied with water. 
 
 Vaaltoii;:^ a village of New Jerfey, near 
 Bafkenridge, about 7 miles S W of Mor- 
 riltown. 
 
 Veau^ Ai'fe a, a village on the N fide of 
 the S peninfula of St. Domingo, 5 leagues 
 W by N of Miragoane, 4 1; eaftward of 
 Petit Trou, and f y N E of Les Cayes. 
 
 FtgOy or Concept ion tf la Vega RcaU a 
 town in the N E part of the ifland of St. 
 Domingo, on the road from St. Domingo 
 city to Daxabon. It Is fixated ne^r the 
 head of Yuna River, which empties into 
 the bay of S.ur.aua; iz leagues N W by W 
 of Cot'uy, and about 38 eallerly of Daxa- 
 bon. It flands on a beautiful plain among 
 •the mountainsion the veryfpot where Gua- 
 iionex^ cacique of the kingdom of Magna, 
 liad reCded. In 14 94, or 1495, the lettle- 
 mcnt of this town was begun by Colum- 
 bus. Eight years after, it had become a 
 city of importance, and lomttimes during 
 the year, there were 'z40,goo crowns in 
 gold, minted at this place. It was almod 
 dcftroycd by an earihquake in X564. 
 
 y^ga, St. "J ago dc U. Sec i^pauifi Toivn. 
 
 Vijjs, or Morto de Ve':as, on the coaft 
 of Peru, is about half a league from the 
 ifland of Lobos. 
 
 Fda, a cape on the coaH- of Terra Fir- 
 ma, S. America, in about lat. 13 N, and 
 long. 7 a W, and about 18 leagues N by E 
 ■of the town of La Hacha. 
 
 Felai^ or Felafco, a port on the W coafl 
 of New Mexico, is 7 leagues N W by N 
 of tlie Morro Ilermoia. 
 . Feliia'a^ a town on and near the head 
 of the peninfula of California, near the 
 coaO: of the North Pacific Ocean, and 
 northerly from Anclote Point. N lat. 
 about ao 35. W long. 1 1 5 50. 
 
 Funangyt Fort. See Fvrt Franklin. 
 
 Fcr.ango^ a county of Pennfylvania, 
 bounced N by Warren, E by Lycoming, 
 S by Armftrong and Butler, W by Mer- 
 cer, and N W by Crawford. It contains 
 S89,6zo acres, two townHiips, and 1,130 
 inhabitants. Chief town, Franklin. 
 
 Fenezuelo, a province of Terra Firma, 
 bounded E by Caracas, S by New Gra- 
 rada, W by Rio de la Hacha, and N by 
 the North Sea. It abounds with game I 
 and wild beafls, producing plenty of corn 
 twice a year, with fruits, fugar, and to- 
 
 bacco, and the befl: cocoa plantations w 
 America. It fpreads round a gulf of the 
 fame name that reaches near 30 league* 
 within land ; and the middle of "ihi« 
 country is occupied by a lake 20 leagues 
 long, and 30 broad, with a circumference 
 of So, and navigable for vcflels of 30 tons. 
 It communicates with the gulf by a (trait, 
 oa which is built the city of Maracaibo, 
 which gives name to both lake and ftrait. 
 This city is defended by fcveral forts^ 
 which were attacked in the lafl century 
 by Sir Henry Morgan, and the whole 
 coafl laid under contribution, and Mara- 
 caibo ranfomcd. The province is about 
 100 leagues in length, and as much ia 
 breadth. It had its name from its fmaU 
 lagoons, which make it appear like Ve- 
 nice at the cntfince of the lake, 'i'hc 
 Spaniards maflacred above a million of 
 the natives in 1528. In 1550, the country 
 was again depopulated j when a great 
 number of black (laves were brougkt 
 from Africa, and was one of the princi- 
 pal epochs of the intr-odu<5llon of negroes 
 into the W. Indies. Soon after, a revolt 
 of the negroes was the caufe of another 
 maffacre, and Venezuela became again a 
 dcfcrl. At prefent it is laid to contain 
 about 100,000 inhabitants, who live tol- 
 erably Jhappy, acdraife great numbers of 
 European (heep. They cultivate tobac- 
 co and fugar, which are famous over all 
 America. They manufadlure alfo fome 
 cotton ftu(Fs. It has many populous 
 towns, and its waters have gold fands. 
 Its capital, of the fame name, or Cora, 
 (lands near the fea-coa(t, about 50 miles 
 S E of Cape St. Roman. N lat. 10 30, 
 W long. 70 15. 
 
 Fenczuelo, a fpacious gulf of the fame 
 province, communicating by a narrow 
 (trait with Maracaibo Lake. 
 
 Fenta de Cruz, a town on the ifthmu* 
 of Daricn, and Terra Firma. Here the 
 Spanifli merchandife from Panama to 
 Porto Bello is .embarked on the river 
 Chagre, 40 miles S of the latter, and ao 
 N of the former. N lat. 9 a6, W long. 
 81 i6. 
 
 Fiftio Sierra, on the N coafl of South 
 America, are mountains (b named, behind 
 the land called Punta de Delrio, cppofitc 
 Tortugas illand, 
 
 Fera Cruz, La, the grand port of Mex- 
 ico, or New Spain, having a fafc harbour 
 protccSled by a fort, (ituated on a rock of 
 an ifland nearly adjoining, called St. John 
 de Ulloa, in the Gulf of Mexico. It is, 
 perhaps, one cf the moll: coniiderable pla- 
 
TEK 
 
 t^t 
 
 ces for trade in the world, being the nat- 
 ural centre of the American treafure, 
 and the magazine for all the merchandize 
 fcnt from New Spain, or tixat is tranfport- 
 ed thither from Europe. It receives a 
 prodigious quantity of Eail India produce 
 by way of Acapulco, from the Philippine 
 Illands. Mofl: of its houfes are huilt of 
 wood, and the number of Spanifli inhab- 
 itants is about 3,000, mu!attoe» and 
 mongrels, who call themfelve'* white. It 
 is rather unhealthy, from the rank bogr, 
 around it. N lat. 1.9 la, W long. 97 30. 
 It is in the E extremity of the province 
 of Tlafcala, or Lo& Angelos. At the Old 
 Town, 15 or 16 miles further \V, Cortez 
 landed on Good Friday, 1518, when, be 
 •kig determined to conquer or die, he funk 
 the fhips that traufporied his handful of 
 men hither. La ¥era Crua is iij miles 
 fi E of the city of Mexico. 
 
 F'era Cruz, La, an excellent harbour 
 in the Bay of San-FeUpe Sani-Tagc, on 
 the N fide of the ilknd EJpiritu Sanio. 
 See Tisrra Aujlral del Efpirttu Santo. 
 
 Veragua, a province of Terra Firma 
 joining W to Cofla Rica; E to Panama ; 
 with the North Sea en the N; and the 
 South Sea on the S. The coaft was fir ft 
 difcovered by Chriftopher Columbus in 
 rj03, to whom it was granted with the 
 title of Duke, and his poftcrity flill enjoy 
 ft. The province is very mountainous 
 woody, and barren; biu has inexhaufti- 
 ble mines of filver, and feme gold, the 
 duft of the latter being foup.d anjong the 
 fands of the rivers. Santiago de Vera- 
 guas, or Santa Fe, the capital, is- but a 
 poor place; and in tliis province is the 
 river Veragua,on which that town ftands, 
 
 Veragua, the river above mentioned, 
 empties into the fea r2 leagues S E of the 
 civer or lake of Nicaragua, in lat. laj 
 N. Here is a very good port ; hut the 
 iiland at its mouth is foul. The beft an- 
 chorage is on the W and S fides nc:rt the 
 main, where fliips may ride under ihorc 
 in from 8 to 9 fathoms, and fafe from the 
 N and E winds, that are moft violent on 
 this coaft^. Several iflands lie off the coaft, 
 both Tingly and in cluflers, from this to 
 Capf; Gracias a Dios ; to the eaftward is 
 Chrigre River. 
 
 Vera Paz, a province of the audicncT 
 iif Guatimala, and New Spain, in North 
 America, It ha? the bay of Honduras 
 and Chiapa N,. Guatimala S, Honduras 
 K, and Soconuka, witli pirt of Chiipa W. 
 It is ii8 leagues long, and a8 broad. The 
 l*ads arc tnountai»uu?>yielding little com, 
 
 but abounding in cedar, ?>:c. The prir> 
 cipal commodities arc drugs, cocoa, cotton* 
 \\ ool, honey, &c. Its capital of the fame 
 name, or Cohan^ ftands on the W fide of a 
 river which runs into Golfo Duke, 184- 
 miles E of Guatimala. N lat, 15 10, W 
 long. 93 15. 
 
 Verde, or Green Jftand, on the N coafl"- 
 of S. America, is at the mouth of the riv- 
 er St, Martha, 
 
 Verde Key, one of tlie Bahama Iflands. 
 N lat. 22 12, W long. 75 15. 
 
 Verde, Porto, or Vedta, is on t!ie N. At- 
 lantic Ocean, ah 'ut 4^ leagues S E by F. 
 of Rio Roxo. The ifiand of E'.ydoncs is 
 at the entrance of this port, round which 
 iliips may fail on any fide, there being 7 
 fathoms on the N, where it is flioakTf, 
 and 20 fathoms on the S fide, where is 
 the bell entrance into the river. This is 
 a port of good trade, and fometimes large 
 fnips put in here. The iflands of Bayonne 
 are 5 leagues S of the ifland in the mouth 
 of the port. 
 
 Vcrderonne, Of La Bourlarderie, an ifland 
 on the E coaft of Cape Breton liland. It 
 is 7 or 8 leagues long ; and at each end 
 is a channel, through which the waters of 
 the Labrador Lakes, in the inner part of 
 Cape Breton bland, difcharge into the 
 ocean on the E, 
 
 Verc, a parifh of the ifland of Jamaisr, 
 having Mannry Bay in it ; a very iccure 
 road for fliipping. 
 
 Vergenrten, a port town, and one of the 
 moft growing and commercial towns of 
 Vermont, in Addifon co. on 0;tcr Creek, 
 about 6 miles from its mouth in Lake 
 Champ'ain. It is regularly laid out, and' 
 contains a Congregational church, and a 
 gaol. In its neighbourhood are fevtrai 
 mills. It is 115 miles N of Bennington, 
 22 S of Burlington, 407 N E by N of Phi- 
 ladelphia, and 519 from Wafliington. The 
 townfliip contains 516 inhabitants. 
 
 Verina, a Imall village, and SpaniOi 
 plantation of New- Andalulia, and Terra 
 Firma, S. America. Its tobacco is repi-.t- 
 cd the beft in the world. It lies 60 miles 
 £of Cumana» 
 
 Vermeja, or VermUlon Bay, ort the N 
 (liore ot the Gulf of A^exico, or coaft of 
 Louifiana. It is N W of Afcenfion IJay, 
 in about lat, 30 N, and long. 92 W. 
 
 Vermejo, or Bermeh, an iTinnd and port 
 on the coaft of Peru, 2 degrees N, and a 
 little W of Lima. It is 4 leagues from 
 Mongon N, and 6 from Guarmey Port S. 
 
 VeifniHlas Barryeras. on the Coaft of 
 Brazil, between the iilaad of St. John's 
 
 - and 
 
V E 11 
 
 V E R 
 
 tuna Sypcmba Ifland, which arc 7 leagues 
 aiundcr. Here is a large bay with good 
 anchorage. 
 
 p'ermUliar, Purplf, or Re^ Sea, a name 
 giveu by ferae to the Gulf of California. 
 
 Vermillion Point, called alfo Long Point, 
 is the peuinfuia between Eay Paan and 
 3[^akc Michigan. 
 
 Vermillion River, in the Indiatia Terri- 
 tory, runs N W into Illinois River, near- 
 ly oppofite the S W end of Little Rocks, 
 «nd 267 miles from the Mifijfippi. It is 
 30 vards wide, but fo rocky as not to be 
 navigable. 
 
 Verviillton Indian.: relide 210 miles tip 
 tlie Miami of the Lake. 
 
 Vermont, one of the United States of 
 America, ties between lit. 42 44 and 45 
 N, and between long. 7^ 3^ «nfl 73 25 
 W. It is bounded N by L. Canada ; E 
 by N. Hampfliire^ from which it is fcpa- 
 rated by Conne<9:icut River ; S by Maf- 
 iachufetts ; and W by the State of N. 
 York. No part of the State is nearer 
 than 70 or 80 miles of any part of the 
 ocean. Computing by the latitudes, the 
 length of the State from the fouthern to 
 the" northern boundary is 157^ miles: 
 the mean width from E to W is about 65 
 miles : this will give 10,237?; fquare miles 
 of land and water. It is divided into 1 1 
 counties, viz, thofe on Connevfticut Riv- 
 er from S to N are Windham, Windfor, 
 Orange, Caledonia, and ElFcx ? in a limi- 
 lar diredlion, along the N. Yoik line, arc 
 the counties of Bennington, RutLind, Ad- 
 difon, Chittenden, and Franklin, between 
 x^'hich laft and EiTex lies the county of 
 Orleans, on the N line of the State. Thefe 
 are fuhdivided into upwards of 230 town- 
 fliips, which are generally 6 miles fquarC;* 
 a part of vhich were granted hy the 
 governor of N. Hamplliire, and the oth- 
 er part by Vermont. In thofc townfliips 
 j^rantcd by the former, a right of land is |i 
 refer ved for the firft fettled miniflcr, one '■ 
 as a glebe for tlic the Epifcopal church, 
 one for the fociety for propagating the 
 gofpel, and one for fupporting a town I 
 fchool. In thofc granted by th.c latter, j 
 are refcrved a college right, a right lor jj 
 the fi^,pp<)rt of county grarnmar-lchools, j 
 a right for the fupport of tf.wn Ichools, 
 ?.nd a right for the fupport of the gofpel. 
 In tbcfc referv.nions, liberal provihon is 
 made for the fupport of the gofpel, and 
 for tlic promotion of common and colle- 
 giate education. In 1800, according to 
 the cenfuB then taken, the numt-cr of in- 
 habitants in this State was 154,465. The j. 
 
 people are an induftrioiis, brave, haftff/ 
 a6live, frugal race. Tlie foil is dtcp,andf 
 of a dark colour, rich, moift, warm, and 
 loamy. It bears corn, wheat, and other 
 kinds of grain, in l^rge quantitie3,as foon 
 as it is cleared of the wood, without any 
 ploughing or preparation j and after the 
 lirft crops, naturally turns to rich paf- 
 ture or mowing. The face of the coun- 
 try exhibits very different profpedls. 
 Adjoining to the rivers, there arc the 
 wide extenfive plains of a fine level coun- 
 try. At a fmall diftance from them, the 
 land rifcs into a chain of iiigh mountains, 
 interieiSted with deep and long vallies. 
 Defcending from the mountains, the 
 ftreams and rivers appear in every part 
 of the country, and afford a plentiful fup- 
 p!y of water. Through this State there 
 is one continued range of mountains, 
 which are called the Green Movnta'nsf 
 from their perpetual verdure, and gives 
 name to the State. They extend from. 
 Lower Canada S, through the States of 
 Vermont, Mafiathufetts, and Conneclicut, 
 and terminate within a few miles of the 
 fea-coaft. Their genera! diret-lion is from 
 N N E to S S W, and their extent is 
 through a tra«5t of country not lefs than 
 400 miles in length. They are generally 
 from 10 to 15 miles in breadth, are much 
 interfecSbed Avith vallies. abound with 
 fprings and ftreams of water, and are 
 covered with woods. Kellington P-ak, one 
 of the highcft of the Green Mountains, 
 i.s 3,454 feet above the level of the ocean.- 
 All the ftreams and rivers of Vermont 
 rife among the Green Mountains; about 
 35 of them have an eaRerly dirccflion, anci 
 fall into C()nnct.n.!cut River ; about 25 
 run wcfterly, and pay tribute to Lake 
 Champlain. Two or three running iir 
 the fame dirt(5lion fail into Hudion's 
 Rivcr^ In the north-eaftcr!y parts of the 
 State, 4 or 5 flreams Jiave a northerly 
 direi^ion, and difcharge their waters 
 into Lake Memphremagog; from thence 
 through the river St. Erancis, they com- 
 njunicate v/ith the river St. Lawrence. 
 The moft conftdcrablc on the W fide of 
 the Green Mountains, are Otter Greek, 
 Onion Fliver, La Moille, and Michilcoui. 
 On the E fide of the Green Mountain?, 
 the rivers are not fo large as tliofc on the 
 W, but the)'^ ?.Tt more numerous. The 
 largeO: arc Wantafiiquek, or Weft; River,< 
 White River and Pooufoomfuck. The 
 earth is generally covered with fnow 
 from the middle of December to the 
 nnddlt of ivlitrch, and in hm\i: high lands,f 
 
ViVL 
 
 VIC 
 
 t-0 the depth of 4 or 5 feet. Slrtcc the 
 country has been cleared, the winters 
 Jiave proved mMdcr. Yeoctatiou ad\'an- 
 CC5 in the fpriiig witii great rapidity. Iron 
 and lead ores of fcvcral kinds, pij:e clay, 
 which has been wrovightiiUo durablecru- 
 cibles, and vaft quaAlitits of white, grey, 
 and varie|;at<;dm:u-ble,have been found in 
 diirtrcnt parts of this flatCv Tlie trade of 
 Vermont is principally to Bofton, Port- 
 land, Hartford and N. York ; to which 
 places the inhabiiants export horfes, beef, 
 pork, butter, eheefc, wheat, flour, iron, 
 nails, pot and pearl aflies. Great advan- 
 t-a;.'cs may accrue to Vermont, from tjje 
 nr,inufad:ure6<>f iron* Lan^e quantities 
 of iron «.»re are found in fcveral of the 
 tovvnson the W fide of ihe Green A'loun- 
 tidns, Tinmouth, Rutland, Pittsford, and 
 ;3(:oreham contain great quantities. TJie 
 ore in thcfe towns is of a rcddith kind, 
 mixed with earth, lindlured with yellow 
 ore. It mdts cahly, and products from 
 on« fourth to one leventh of iron. Tlie 
 iron is mollly of a coldfliire kind ; works 
 cafily, and makes excellent nails. The 
 principal part of the ore hitherto uftd, 
 has been brought from a mountain on 
 the W lide of Lake Champlain, about 4 
 miles N of Crown Point. Some grains of 
 pure iron nearly as big as a pea have 
 been found in this ore is fo rich, that, 
 ■when well managed, it will yield four fev- 
 cnths of pure iron, but is very hard to 
 melt. In 179a feveral forges and furna- 
 ces were eredled. In Bennington co. they 
 have 1 forge; in Rutland co. 14 ; in Ad- 
 difoH CO. 4 ; and in Chittenden co. 2. 
 In addition to which there are 3 furnaces 
 m P-utland go. From thefe, great ^quan- 
 tities of bar iron and nails are made. Na- 
 ture, indeed, fcems to have dcfigned this 
 part of t])e United States to be the feat 
 of flourirning manufactures of every thing 
 that can be made of iron or fteel. The 
 other chief nianufaciuies are pot and 
 pearl aflies, maple fugar, and fpirits dif- 
 ti lied from grain. Mofc faniiliesmanufac* 
 ture a ccnfiderable part of their clothing. 
 No country is more attentive to edu- 
 cation". A charter for a richly endowed 
 univerlity was granted by the legillature 
 of this (late, in 1 791, to be eflablifl^ed at 
 Burlington ; and 3-3,oco acres of land 
 liave been rcferved, in the feveral grants 
 made by tliis Hate, for its ufe. In 1800 
 a college was incorporated in Middlcbury, 
 and Ts now in a flourifliing (late. Com- 
 mon fcliools are fupportcd in almoft eve- 
 ry neighbourhood, a confidcrable part of 
 Vol. i. liii 
 
 the year; many of the principal towns 
 have grammar fchools ; arsd there are 
 academies in Bennington, and Pcacham. 
 In 1792, the fiiite of the militia was as 
 follows ; 20 regiments of infantry, divid- 
 ed into 8 brigades, and 4 divifions ; l^ 
 companies of cavalry, and 6 companies 
 of artillery; the wholecomputed at 18,50-0. 
 Vermont fends four reprefentatives to 
 Congrcfs, and has been fettling only fince 
 about tlie year 1764. The Indians were 
 never numerous here ; and at preftnt 
 there are none. The amount of the ex- 
 ports from this ftate in iBoi was 31,47^ 
 dollars. 
 
 Vtrnon^ a place in Suffex co. N. Jerfey, 
 E of the fource of Wall Kill, and abouc 
 ai miles N K of Njwtown. 
 
 F^rnun, Aloufd, the feat of G«n. V/ani- 
 iugtoa. See LlQutit Kerr.on. 
 
 FernoK, formerly lUnfdale^ the S eaPt- 
 ernmofl; townfliip in Windham co. Ver- 
 mont, on the W bank of ConnecSlicut riv- 
 er. It contains 480 inhabitants. 
 
 FenetU's, a fetthment in the French 
 part of the Ifland of St. Domingo, on tjic 
 S W bank of Artibouite river ; 4 miles 
 S by E of the fcttlcmcnl of Petit Riviere. 
 
 FafaUes^ the chief town of Woodford 
 CO. Kentucky ; fituated on a fmall ftream 
 which falls into I'lentucky river. It con- 
 taiijs a court houfe, Hone gaol, and about 
 30 houfes, and 1 72 inhabitants, and bes 
 13 miles W by S of Lexington, and 56c 
 from Waihington. 
 
 Fe^Jhire, a townfliip of Vermont, O- 
 range co. adjoining Fairlee,and containing 
 103 1 inhabitants. 
 
 Fc't Bay, or Green Bay, in the fVraits of 
 Northumberland, in N. America, opers 
 to the N E oppohte St. John's Illand. 
 The head of the buy approximates within 
 la miles of the N eafternmoO: branch t3f 
 the Eny of Fundy. It is about 10 leagues 
 N W of Tatamagauche Harbour, and 
 fcrvcs in part to feparate the Britifh 
 provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunf- 
 w ick. 
 
 Ft/fel Bay, on the E (liorc of Lake 
 Champlain, ftts up N E in the townfljip 
 of Charlotte, in Vermont. 
 
 FicicfiisIJlas, ifles of the BayofHonda,on 
 the coalt of Honduras, or the Spanilb Main. 
 
 Fi£lorfa, a town of New Mexico. 
 
 F'icloria, an iflaud on the coaft of Bra- 
 zil, E of St. Sebafti:jn's Ifland. 
 
 FiBory, Cape^ is the extreme N W point 
 of the flraits of Magellan, at the opening 
 to the S. Pacific Ocean. Slat. JZ 15, W 
 Ion. 76 40. 
 
 Fi^aryf 
 
VIM 
 
 VI N 
 
 Fi^ory, a townfhip of Vermont, I^rtcx 
 CO. W of Guildhall, on Conncclicut river. 
 Ficnna, a port of entry and port town 
 of the eaftern £lior« of Maryland, Dor- 
 cheftcr co. on the W fide of Nanticoke 
 river, about 15 miie$ from its mouth. It 
 contains about 30 houfes, and carries on 
 a brifli trade with the neighbouring 
 lea ports, in lumber, corn, wheat, &.c/ 
 Its foreign exports in 1 794, amounted to 
 1667 dollars. It is 15 miles N W of Sal- 
 ifl:>ury 3a S S E of Eaflon, and izo from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 yienna, the capital of Greene co. Ken- 
 tucky, on the N fide of Green river, 
 about 158 milts W S VV of Lexington. 
 
 Vienna^ a town in Kennebeck co. Maine, 
 N of Fayette, S of New Sharon 2.5 miles 
 1^ W of Augufla, incorporated io02^ It 
 includes the late plantations «)f Goiliea 
 and Vv'yman. 
 
 Vienna^ a poll town in A!>bevillc co. S. 
 Carolina, 651 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Vienna, a towu in Ohio CO. Kentucky, 
 has a6 inhabitants. 
 
 Villcde Mnfc, a town in the province 
 of Tabafco, 4 leagues from the town of 
 Eftape, on Tabafco river. 
 
 Villa Hifi-mojl^ a town of Mexico or N. 
 Sp:;ii!, near the mouth of a river wiilch 
 falls into the Bay of Campeachy, and Gulf 
 of Mexico. 
 
 Villa Nooa, m Braail, about 120 miles 
 W of Porto Seguro, and as far 3 E by S 
 oi Carl of 1. 
 
 Vilui Ricj^ or Al/neria, a town of Tlaf- 
 rala or New S^pain, in N. America. It 
 ftrinds on the coa.^ on a fmall river,having 
 an indifferent port, but in a better air 
 than Vera Cruz, ZD leagues N of the lat- 
 ter. A cland'cfline trade was formerly 
 carried on here between fome of the 
 Spanilb merchants on fiiore, and the 
 Erench of St. Domiipgo and Martinique. 
 
 VHUiiyLa, a town and river of Veragua 
 and Guatimala audience, in New Spain. 
 It is about 7 leagues frara Nata bordering 
 on Panama. The river is very large, and 
 at low water breaks at the mouth as on a 
 il'at fliore ; fo that large fliips anchor 
 v/ithin cannon lbot,but barks of about 40 
 tons may go up about a league and a half. 
 The harbour is a quarter of a league 
 above the town. About a league to the 
 ■windward, is a large rock, generally cov- 
 ered with vail numbers of wild fowl. \ 
 
 Vinalhii'vc!!, a townlliip on the coaft of' 
 Maine, Hancock co. containing 858 in- 
 habitants. It is S E of Deer Ul^uid, and 
 2J0 miles from Bofton, 
 
 Vincenneiy the capital of the Indiaiui 
 Territory, and the feat of government, 
 ftands on the bank of the Wabafh, 150 
 miles from its mouth, in lat. 33 N. It* 
 lituation is delightful, being furroundcd 
 by a prairie of 4 miles in length and one 
 in breadth, molt of which is cultivated by 
 the inhabitants, the remainder is a hand- 
 fome meadow formed by nature, produc- 
 ing good grafs. The foil here is inferior 
 to none in the United States, yielding 
 corn, lice, wheat, tobacco, hemp, hops, 
 grapes, &c. The Wabafh is navigable,- 
 moft of the year as far as this place, and 
 about 10 miles below the town is a ripple, 
 where mills- may be built, fo that the far- 
 mer may have his wheat manufactured 
 on his way to N. Orleans; which is a good 
 market for all kinds of produce. Com- 
 merce centers here ; the merchants brin^ 
 their goods from Canada, down the \Va- 
 bafli, from Orleans up the Miffifippi, and 
 from the eaftern flatcs, down the Ohio 
 and up the Wabafli. It has 714 inhabit- 
 ants. It is a port town 743 miles from 
 Walbington. The fort ftands on the E 
 fide of Wabafli river. It was eredlcd in 
 the year 1787, in order to repel the in- 
 curfions of the Wabafli Indians, and to 
 fecure the weftern lands from intruding 
 fettlers. It has 4 fmall brafs cannon, and 
 is garrifoned by a Major and 2 companies. 
 The town of Vincents contained, in 1792, 
 about 1500 fouls» principally of French 
 extraction. It is 300 miles S W of Fort 
 I Recovery. 
 
 I Vincent^ St. one of the 14 captainfliips 
 of Brazil, and the moft foutherly one. 
 The capital is an inconfiderable placf^ 
 with only about 60 houfes, and the har- 
 bour will not receive large veflels. Ft 
 has 5 or 6 fugar mills, and lies 76 leagues 
 S W of Rio Janeiro. S lat. 23 40, W 
 ton. 4 J 10. 
 
 Vinatit, St, a town on the coaft of Bra- 
 zil ; fituaced on Amiaz Ifland, in the 
 Bay of Ail Saints or Santflos ; in which 
 ifland is the city of Dos SantSlos, the I. 
 lying on the W fide of the entrance into 
 the ifland. S lat. 24 15, W Ion. 46 30. 
 
 Vincent, de la Faz.es, St. or Onda, a towa 
 of Popayau and Terra Firma, in S. A- 
 merica ; about 25 miles eaftward of St. 
 Scbaftian,\vith a port where canoes from 
 Carthagena and St. Martha unload their 
 merchandife. 
 
 Vincent, a townfliip of Fcnnfylvani?^ 
 Chefter county, has 1354 inhabitants. 
 
 Vincenty St. one of the Caribbee Iflands, 
 It liu between 61 10, and 6j x8 W Ion, 
 
VIN 
 
 VIR 
 
 s.na between 13 5 and 13 19 N lat. being 
 iabout 17 miles long and about 10 broad. 
 On this iHind arc feveral mountains, 
 xvhich crofs it from N to S, from vvliich 
 ■iflue 22 rivers capable of turning fugar 
 mills ; thefe mountains are in general 
 of an eafy afcent ; the rallies fertile and 
 eitenfive, and the clearing the ground 
 has rendered the climate healthy. Of 
 ?4,ooo acres which the ifland contains, 
 23,605 are at prefent poffefl: by Britifli 
 lubjedls, and a;bout as much more is fup- 
 pofed to be held by the Charaibcs ; and 
 ^he remainder is thought to be incapable 
 of cultivation. This is the only ifland 
 of the Antilles, where the fmall remains 
 of the natives (with a mixture of negro 
 lUood) cxift in the form of a nation. At 
 the peace in 1 763^ the Britifli government 
 fold the lands of St. Vincent, as it had 
 thofe of Tobago, and left the French 
 (whom the fear of confifcation had not 
 (driven away) thofe they pofTciTcd, paying a 
 moderate fine, and a yearly rent ftill more 
 moderate. Thefe proceedings encroach- 
 ing upon the pofleflions of the Charaibes, 
 occalioned their refiflance, which the 
 troops fent againft them conid not fubdue, 
 and A peace was concluded with ihem in 
 1773, and lands afiigned them; fincethat 
 time St. Vincent has enjoyed internal 
 .tranquillity. The number of inhabitants 
 sppcars to be 1450 'whites, and 11,853 
 negroes. St. Vincent is divided into 4 
 pariilies, St. David, St. Patrick, St. An- 
 drew, and St. George. Its towns are 
 Kingfton, the capital, and Richmond ; the 
 others arc villages or hamlets, at the fev- 
 eral bays and landing places. Theiflands 
 dependent on the St. Vincent's govern- 
 ment, are Bcquia, containing 3700 acres : 
 Union, S150 acres ; Canouane, 1777 
 acres ; and Muftiquc above 1200 
 acres. Of the above 11,853 negroes, 
 about 1400 are employed in the cultiva- 
 tion of thefe iflands. There are likewife 
 the little iflots of Petit Martinique, Pttit 
 St. Vincent, and Ballefeau, each of which 
 produces a little cotton. The total ex- 
 ports in 1788, in 122 vefTels, from St. 
 Vincent, amounted in vahie, according to 
 the currentprices in London, 10/^186,450 
 14 : 8, including exports to the American 
 Hates, to the value of £got^ : 1 ; 8 fter- 
 ling. The cargoes confifted of 65,1 iScwt. 
 iqr. 271b. fugar, 88,266 gallons rum ; 
 9656 gallons molaffes ; 634cwt. iqr. 51b. 
 coffee ; 76i,88olbs. cotton ; i43cwt. 241b. 
 rocoa ; befide hides, dying woods, &.c. 
 Here they cultivate cinnamon, margo. 
 
 fefamum, vanilla, China tallowtree, cam- 
 phor, gumftorax, &c. It is about 20 
 leagues \V of Earbadocs. 
 
 Vincent y Port St. on the coafl: of Chili, in 
 the S. Pacific Octan, is 6 miles N N E of 
 the mouth of the river Biobio, having a 
 fafe harbour, and fecure agaiiifl: all vv-iads 
 but the W, which blows right in. Talca- 
 guama Port is 6 miles to the N of it. 
 
 Vincento, a channel on the W fide of th€ 
 channel of Am.iaz 111 and, in the Bay of 
 All Saints, on the coafl of Brazil. 
 
 finer s J/tarid, in Hudfon's Bay, lies N 
 E of the mouth of Albany river. 
 
 FineyarJy Netv, a towniliip in Kenne- 
 beck CO. Maine, on the two N eaflern- 
 moft branches of Sandy river, has 336 in- 
 habitants, about fifty nine miles N by W 
 of Brunfwick, and 37 N W of Haliowdh 
 
 Fineyard^Ti townfliip on the Ifle of Mot- 
 te, in lake Chaniplain, in Grand Ifie co. 
 Vermont, called till 1802, Ifle Mutte. It 
 contains 135 inhabitants. 
 
 Finrynrd Sctinri, on th£ S eaftern coall 
 of Mallachufttts, -s the ftrait or paffisge 
 between the Elizabeth Iflands and Mar- 
 tha's Vineyard. The S W channel of 
 which, about 7 miles broad, lias Gay 
 Head on the S E and tiie Sow aiiJ Pigs 
 on the N W. 
 
 Fiper Key, one of the Toriugas, on the 
 coafl of Florida ; 5 miles N eaftward of 
 Duck Key, and $1 E of Old Matancombe. 
 
 Ftr^il, a military townfliip of Onouda- 
 go CO. N. York, having Drydcnon the W, 
 Cincinnatus E, Homer N, and on the S, 
 230,000 acres of lard oia Srfcjueh.anna 
 river, ceded to the ftale cf Pvlaflachu- 
 fetts. It is under the jurifdi(Slion of 
 Homer, which was incorporated in 
 
 Virgin Ccrdoy onr of the principal of 
 the Virgin llles, iunhe W. Indies. It lies 
 4 leagues E of Tortula, and of a very ir- 
 regular fliape. Its gveatefl length trurti 
 E to W is about i8 miles ; is wurfe wa- 
 tered than Tortula, and has fewer inhab- 
 itants. A mountain wl.ich rifes in its 
 centre, is affirmed to contain a filvcr mine, 
 Nlat. 18 18, VMon. 64- 
 
 Virpnia, one. of the United States, lies 
 between ^6 30 and 40 30 N lat. and be- 
 tween 75 54 and 83 8 W Ion. from I,cn- 
 don. It is in length 446 miles, in breadth 
 224 ; containing about 70,000 fquare 
 miles. Bounded N by Maryland, part of 
 Pennfylvania, and Ohio river ; W by 
 Kentucky; S by N. Carolina, and E by 
 the Atlantic Ocean. This ftate is divid- 
 ed into 50 counties, which follow ; 
 
 TABLE 
 
VIR 
 
 VIR 
 
 T A 
 
 B L E. 
 
 iP'dJl of the Blui Ridge, 
 
 rn-j«tie?. Cou' ti -s 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Hampfliire 
 Berkiy 
 
 Monongalia 
 
 Wafliington 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Shenandoah 
 
 Wythe 
 
 Rockingham 
 
 Botetourt 
 
 Augufta 
 
 Greenbriar 
 
 Rockbridge 
 
 Kanawa 
 
 JBctivcen the Blue Hidge and the Tide Wcztert. 
 
 Xioudoun 
 
 Henry 
 
 Fauquier 
 
 Pittfylvania 
 
 Culpepper 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Spotfylvania 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Orange 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Louifa 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 Goochland 
 
 Powhatan 
 
 riavania 
 
 Amelia 
 
 Albemarle 
 
 Notaway 
 
 Amherfl: 
 
 Lvmenburg 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Mecklenburg 
 
 Buckingham 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Between James River and Carolina. 
 
 Greenfville 
 
 Southampton 
 
 Diawlddic 
 
 Hie of Wight 
 
 Cheftcrfield 
 
 Nanfemond 
 
 Princefs George 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Surry 
 
 Princefs Ann 
 
 Suflcx 
 
 Betiueen Jamts and Tori Rivers. 
 
 Henrico 
 
 WilHamiburg 
 
 Hanover 
 
 York 
 
 New Kent 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Charles City 
 
 Eliziheth City 
 
 James City 
 
 Bctzvcen Tori and R.ippahannoclk Rivers. 
 
 Caroline 
 
 Elfex 
 
 King William 
 
 Middlefex 
 
 King and Qnccn 
 
 Gloucefter 
 
 Bet -ween Rappahannock and Patoivmac Riv- 
 
 er 
 
 Fairfax 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Prince William 
 
 Wcflmortland 
 
 Stafford 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 King George 
 
 Lancaflcr 
 
 Eajlern Shore. 
 
 Accomac j Noitiiampton 
 
 Heiv Co7iniics. 
 
 Campbtll M-idifon 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Mathews 
 
 H^rrifon 
 
 Patrick 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Wood 
 
 Hardy 
 
 Lee 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Nottcvay 
 
 Rufftl 
 
 Grayfon j 
 
 Munroe |j 
 
 The in h;»b'tant5 arc STt^^^'^^i free, and fl 
 
 345,796 /laves. 
 
 
 In an extenfivc country, It vrill be expsel- 
 ed that the climate is not the lame in all 
 Its parts. It is remark:. hie that, proceed- 
 ing on the fame parrdlei of latitude weft- 
 \yaidly, the climate becomes colder in 
 hke manner as when you proceed north- 
 wardly. This continues to be the cafe 
 till you attain the fummit of the Allegha- 
 ny. From thence, defcending in the 
 fame latitude to the MilFifippi, the change 
 reverfes ; and, if we may belisve travel- 
 lers, it becomes warmer there than it is 
 in the fame latitude on the fea fide. Their 
 teftimony is ftrengthened by the vegeta- 
 bles and animals which fubfift and multi- 
 ply there naturally, and do not on the 
 fea coaft. Thus catalpas grow fpontane- 
 oufly on the MiffiJlppi, as far as the lati- 
 tude of 37, and reeds as far as 38. Par- 
 roquets even v/inter cifthe Scioto, in the 
 39th degree of latitude. The S W winds, 
 E of the mountains, are moft predom- 
 inant. Next to thefe.onthe fea coaft, 
 the N E and.at the mountains, the N W 
 i winds prevail. The N E is loaded wirk 
 vapour, infomuch that the i^ik manufac- 
 turers have found that their cryftals 
 would not fhoot while that blows ; it oc- 
 cafions a diftrelGng chill, and a heavinefs 
 and depreilion of the fpirits. I'he N 
 W is dry, cooling, elaftic and animating. 
 The E and S E breezes come on generahy 
 in the afternoon. They have advanced 
 into the country ver)^ fenfibly within the 
 memory of people now hving. Mr. 
 JefTerfon reckons the extremes 'of heat 
 and cold to be 9.8 above, and 6 below o, in 
 Farenhcit's Thermometer. The months 
 of June and July, though often the hotteft, 
 are the mofl: healthy in the year. The 
 weather is then dry and lefs liable to 
 change than in Augufl and September, 
 when the rain commences, and fuddcn 
 variations take place. Ou the fea coaf>, 
 the latid is low. generally v/ithin 12 feet 
 of the level of the fea, inte.-feacd in all 
 diredions with fait creeks and rivers, 
 the heads of which form fwamps and 
 marflies, and fenny ground, covered with 
 water, in wet feafons. The uncultivated 
 lands are covered with large trees, and 
 thick underwood. The vicinity of the 
 Tea, and fait creeks and rivers occafion a 
 conftant moifhire and warmth of the at- 
 mofphere, fo that although under the 
 fame latitude, 100 or 150 miles in the 
 country, deep fnows, and frozen rivers 
 frequently . happen, for a fhort feafon, 
 yet here fucU occurrences are conlidcred 
 
VIR 
 
 V r R 
 
 rs phenoineaa; for thele reafons, tha 
 trees are often in blooi) as early as the 
 laft of February ; from this period, hov;- 
 ever, tijl the end of April, the inhabitants 
 are incommoded by cold rains, piercin^^ 
 winds, and Diar^j frofls, whicii ful'ject.> 
 them to the inilummatory difeafes, fiicii 
 asplenrify and peripneumony. Thechiei:' 
 rivers are Roanoke, James', Nanretnond, 
 Chickahominy, Appainatox, P^vanna, 
 York, Piankatank, P.appahannock, Pa- 
 towinack, Shenandoah, the great and lit- 
 tle Kaahaway, Staunton and Green Briar. 
 Thei'e rivers and creeks are defcnbed un- 
 <ler tb.eir refpetHivc naines. They abound 
 with fifli of various kinds, as fLurgeoa, 
 fhad, bafs, carp, fheejiiliead, drum, her- 
 rings, perch, catfuli, oyiters, crabs. Sec. 
 It is worthy notice, tiiat tiie mountains 
 are notfolitary and fcattered confufediy 
 over the face of the country ; but com- 
 mence at about 150 miles from the fea 
 coaH:, are difpofed in ridges one behind 
 another, runninor nearly parallel with the 
 fea coaO:, thoug'i rather approaching it as 
 they advance north eaftv/ardly. Sec A/- 
 h^huny Mountains. In the fame direction 
 generally are the veins of limcrionG,coaI, 
 and other mintrals hitherto dif.'overed ; 
 and fo range the falls of the great rivers. 
 But the courfe-i of the great rivers arc at 
 right angles with thefe. James and ?a- 
 towmack penetrate through all the ridges 
 of mountains ealUvard of the Alleghany, 
 which is broken by no water courie. It 
 -is in fact the fpiue of the country betneen 
 the Atlantic on one fiUo, and the IvIiiTi- 
 iippi and Sr. Lawrence on the other. The 
 pallage of the Patowmack through the 
 Blue Ridge is perhaps one of the moft 
 ftupendous fcenes in nature. The moun- 
 tains of the Blue Ridge, and of thefe, the 
 Peaks of 'Otter, are thought to be of a 
 greater height meafured from thf ir bafe, 
 than any others in Virginia, and perhaps 
 jn N. America. From data, which may 
 found a tolerable conjecture, we fuppole 
 the higheft peak to he about 4000 feet 
 perpendicular, which is not a f'fth part of 
 the height of the mountains of S. Ameri- 
 ca, nor one third of the height which 
 would be necefiary in our latitude to pre- 
 ferverce in the open air unrp.elted through 
 the year. The ridge of mountain's next 
 beyond the Blue Ridge, call-.d the North 
 A-Iountain, is of the greatefl extent ; for 
 which reafon they are named by the In- 
 dians the Endlefs iMountain?. The'Ona- 
 fioto Mountains are 50 or 60 miles wide 
 at the Gap. Thefe mountams abound 
 
 in coal, lime, and free 11 one ; the fummirs 
 of them are generally covert u with a good 
 foil, and a variety of limber ; and the 
 iov/, intervale lands are rich and rernark- 
 al'-lyv/ell watered. The wiiole country 
 below the mountains, wUii h are -diout 
 150, fomefay 200 miles from the fea, is 
 Icyel, and Teems from various appearan- 
 ces to hav'e been once waibed by the fea. 
 The lar.d between York and James rivers 
 is very level, and its furface about 40 feet 
 above high water mark It apjieitrsfrom 
 o!'fcrvati«m, to have arifen to its piefent 
 height at difl'erent periods far diftant from 
 each other, j:nd that at thtTe periods it 
 V\r.;s Vv'allied by the fea ; for near York- 
 town, where the banks are perpvudicular, 
 you iirft fee a Jiratum^ intermixed v»rith 
 fmall fliclls reiembiing a mixture of 
 clay and fimd, and about 5 feet thiclc; 
 on t'lis lies horiKontaliy, fMiallwhitenielis, 
 cockle, clam, ike. an inch or two thick ; 
 then a body of eirth fimilar to that flrfi: 
 meiuioned, 18 inch s tiiiok; then a layer 
 of fliclls aiid another body of earth ; on 
 this a layer of 3 feet of white ib-ells mixed 
 with faud, on M'hich lay a body of oyOer 
 flieils 6 feet thick, which were covered 
 with earth to the furface. The oyftcr 
 fliclfs are fo united by a very Ili-ong ce- 
 ment, that they fall only when underuiiu- 
 ed, and then in large bodies from 1 to 20 
 tons weight. They have the appearance 
 of large rocks oh the fliore. The f<iii 
 below the mountains feems to have ac- 
 quired a characTter for goodnefs which 
 it by no means deferve?. Thoiigh not 
 rich, it is well fuited to the growth of ro* 
 bacco and Indian corn, and parts of it for 
 wheat. Good .crops of cotton, flax ?nd 
 hemp are alforaifed ; and in fome coiui- 
 ties they have plenty of cyder, and exquif- 
 ite brandy, diftilled from peaches, which 
 grow in great abundance upon the numer- 
 ous rivers of the Chefapeak- The plaut- 
 eis, before the war, paid their principal 
 attention to the culture of tobacco, of 
 vvhich there ufed to be e^rported, generaV 
 ly, J 5, 000 hogfiieads a year. Since the 
 revolution, they are turning their atten- 
 tion more to the cultivation of wheat, In- 
 dian corn, barley, flax, and hemp. It is 
 expedied that this State will add the arti- 
 cle of rice to the Jilt of her exports ; as 
 it is fuppofed, a large bod}^ of fwamp in 
 the earrernmolT: counties, is capable of pro- 
 ducing it. Horned or neat cattle are 
 bred in great numbers in the weftera 
 counties of Virginia, as well as in the 
 States S of it, where they have an exten- 
 
 five 
 
VIR 
 
 V IK 
 
 five range, and mild winters, "t^'icxiaui any 
 permanent fnows. They run zt large, 
 are not houfed, and multiply very fall. 
 The gentlemen, being fond of pleafure, 
 Iiave taken much pains to raife a good 
 breed of horfes, and have iacceeded in it 
 beyond any of the States. They will 
 vive loool. fterling for a good feed horfe. 
 Horfe racing has had a g. eat tendency 
 to encourage the breeding of good horfes, 
 as it affords an opportunity of putting 
 them to the trial of their fpeed. They 
 are more elegant, and will perform more 
 fervice, than the horfes of the northern 
 States. Caves among the mountains, 
 have lately been difcovered, which yitld 
 fait petre in fuch abundance, that 500,000 
 pounds of it might be coiledted from them 
 annually. Virginia is thonglit to be the 
 xnoft pregnant with minerals and fofTils of 
 any State in tlie Unicm. A lingle lump 
 of gold ore has been found, near the falls 
 of Rappahannock river, v/hich yielded 
 17 dwt. of gold, of extraordinary ducTtility. 
 No other indication of gold has been dif- 
 covered in it-* neighbourhood. On the 
 great Kanhaway, oppofite to the mouth 
 «)f Cripple Creek, and alfo about 25 miles 
 from the fouthern boundary of the Siate, 
 in the county of Montgomery, are mines 
 of lead. The metal is mixed, fometimes 
 with earth,andfometimes with rock, which 
 requires the forceofgunpowdertoopenit; 
 and is accompanied with a portion of hlver, 
 too fmall to he vv'orth feparation, under 
 any procefs hitherto attempted there. 
 The proportion yielded is from 50 to Co 
 lb of pure metal from 100 lb. of waflitd 
 ore. The moll common is that of 60 to 
 tlie 100 lb. Copper, iron, black lead, 
 coal, marble, limeflone, &c. are found in 
 this country. Cryftalrf arc common. 
 Some amethyft<;, and one emerald have 
 been difcovered. Every able bodied free- 
 man, between the ages of 16 and 50, is en- 
 rolled in the militia. Thofe of every 
 CDunty are formed into companies, and 
 thefe again into one or more battalions, 
 according to the numbers in the county. 
 They are commanded by Colonels and 
 other fubordiiiate officers, as in the reg- 
 ular fervice. In every county is a coun- 
 ty lieutenant, who commands the whole 
 jnllitia in his county, but rank«only as a 
 Colonel in the field. They have no gen- 
 eral officers always exi fling. Thefe are 
 appointed occafionally, when an invafion 
 or infurrcdlion happens, and their com- 
 fnifTion ceafes with the occafion. The 
 Qo?ernor is head of the military as well 
 
 a» civil power. The law requires every 
 militia man to provide himfelf with the 
 arms ufual in the regular fervice The in- 
 terfeftion of Virginia byfo many navigable 
 riveis,rendcrs it almotlincapable of defence. 
 As the land will not fupport a great num- 
 ber of people, a force cannot foon be col- 
 ledbed to repel a fadden invadon. If the 
 nlilitia bear the fame proportioa to the 
 number of inhabitants now, as in 1782, 
 they amount to about 75,000. This ftate 
 is not divided into townfliips, nor are 
 there any towns of confecjuence, owing 
 probably to the interfeiSlion of the coun- 
 try by navigable rivers, which brings the 
 trade to the doors of the inhabiraats. 
 Norfolk will probably become the empo- 
 rium for all the trade of the Chefa peak 
 Bay and its waters ; and a canal of 8 or 
 10 miles, which is contemplated, will 
 bring to it all that of Albemarle Sound 
 and its waters. The College of William 
 and Mary was founded about the begin- 
 ning of the laij century. Sec WilHamfourg. 
 In Prince Edward county is a college by 
 the name of Hampden Sydney college. 
 Wafliington College, at Lexington, is 
 handfomely endowed, and is one of the 
 moH flourilliiug literary inftitutions in the 
 State. There are academies at Alexan- 
 dria, Norfolk, Hanover, and other places. 
 The prefent denominations of Chriflians 
 in Virginia are Prelbyterians, who arc 
 mofl numerous, Epifcopalians, Baptifls, 
 and Methodiftj. The exports of this 
 State,in the year 1791, ending Sept. 30th, 
 amounted to 3,131,227 dollars; in 1792, 
 3,549,499 <i"'l^rs ; In 1793, 2,984,317 
 dollars; in 1794, 3,321,494 dollars; in 
 i796,5>^<^8,6i5dollar8;in 1797,4^908,713 
 dollars; in 1798, 6,113,451 dollars; in 
 1 801, 4,660,361 dollars. The tonnage of 
 Virginia in 1798 was, 69,586 tons. In 
 1790, about 40,000 hogfheads of tobacc* 
 were exported ; but its culture has fincc 
 declined, and that of wheat taken its 
 place. The greatefl: quantity of tobacco 
 ever produced in this country, in one year, 
 was 70,000 hhds. in the year 1 758. Vir- 
 ginia was fettled permanently, after fev- 
 cral preceding unfuccefsfu! attempts, in 
 1610, being the earlieft ellabliilied of any 
 of the United States. 
 
 Firgin JJands, a group of fmall Iflands 
 in the W. Indies, E of the Ifland of Por- 
 to Rico, belonging to different Europeaa 
 powers. They extend for the fpace of 
 24 leagues, from E to W, and about 1$ 
 leagues from N to S, and nearly approach 
 the E coaft of Porto Ric-o. They are 
 
 every 
 
VI R 
 
 WAC 
 
 •very way dangerous to navigators, though 
 there is a bafon in the mldit of ihem oi 6 
 or 7 leagues in length, and 3 or 4 in 
 breadth, in which fhips may anchor and 
 be fhehered and land locked from all 
 winds ; which is named the Bay of Sir 
 Francis Drake, from his having palled 
 through them to St. Domingo. "I hofe 
 which are occupied and inhabited appear 
 under their rcfpedtive names ; but others 
 are deftitute both of names and inhabit- 
 ants. The Eritilla and Danes polTcfs molt 
 ©f them ; but the Spaniards claim thofe 
 near Porto Rico. The ifland of Virgin 
 Gorda, on which depend Aiicgada, Nick- 
 er, Prickly Pear, Mofquito Uiands, Cam- 
 anoes. Dog Iflands, the Fallen City, the 
 Round Rock, Ginger, Cooper's, Salt, Pe- 
 ter's, and Dead Cheft, belong to the Brit- 
 ijh ; as alfo TortoLi^ on which depend Jo^ 
 Van Dykes, Little Van Dykes, Guana, 
 Beef, and Thatch Illands. To the Duites 
 belong St. Thomas's 7/?a«t/, on which Brafs, 
 Little Saba, Buck Ifland, Great and Little 
 St. James, and Bird IHand are dependant ; 
 with St. Johns, to which depend Lavango, 
 Cam, and Witch Illands ; and they have 
 alfo Santa Ifland, or St. Croix. The Span- 
 iards claim Serpent's Ifland, (called by the 
 Britlfh Green ifland) the Tropic Keys, 
 Great and Little Paflage Ifland, and par- 
 ticularly Crab Ifland. Tlxe Booby birds 
 are fo tame on Bird Ifland, that a man, it 
 is laid, in a fliort time, may catch fuiliclent 
 in his hand to fupply a fleet. Thefe ifl- 
 ands lie about lat. 18 ao N, and the courfe 
 through them, with due attention, is per- 
 fevflly fafe at W by N and W N W as far 
 as the W end of the fourth Ifland. Leave 
 this on the ftarboard iide, and the ifland 
 called Foul CUff, on the larboard, be- 
 tween which there is 16 fathoms, and a 
 free channel to the weflward, before 
 there is any alteration of the courfe ; for 
 though there be but 6 or 7 fathoms in 
 fome places, it is no where fhoaler, and 
 In fome places there is from i6 to 2-0 
 fathoms. The ifland of Anguilla, on the 
 N fide of St. Martin's I. is E S E from them. 
 Virgin Mary, Cape, the N E point of 
 the entrance of the Straits of Magellan, 
 in the S. Atlantic Ocean, is a fteep white 
 clifF. S lat. 5a 3i, W Ion. 67 54. The 
 ▼ariation of the compafs, in 1780, was 24 
 
 Virgin Roehf off the S E part of the 
 eoaft of Newfoundland Ifland, ao leagues 
 S E of Cape Race. N lat. 46, according 
 to others, lat. 46 30, and thefe lafl fay 17 
 •r 18 leagues S E by E of Cape BalUrd. 
 
 VUtarla, Si. Juan de, a city of Peri!ir 
 See Guumanga, its molt common name. 
 
 Volcanic JJlaud^ between Swallow Ifland 
 and Santa Crux, about 8 leagues N of the 
 latter, in the Paciiic Ocean, in which Men- 
 dana, in 1595, faw a volcano, which Ham- 
 cd continually. S lat lO 30. 
 
 VoluntoivTijA townlhip ou the E line of 
 Conneclicut, Windham co. E of Plainfieid, 
 19 N E of Norwich, and 26 S W of Provi- 
 dence. It was fettled in 1696, having, 
 been granted to volunteers in the Narra- 
 ganlet war ; hence its name. It was 
 incorporated in 1 7 1 y, it has a large fwamp 
 abounding with white pine, fuliicient to 
 fupply the ne;gtibouring towns with ma- 
 terials for building. Inhabitants my. 
 
 VV^ 
 
 v/ 
 
 ABASH, is a beautiful navigable 
 river, of the Indiana Territory, which 
 [ runs a S W and fouthern courfe, and emp- 
 1 tics into the Ohio, by a mouth 270 yards 
 j wide, in lat. 37 56 N, 168 miles from the 
 j mouih of the Ohio, and 1022 miles below 
 j Pittlburg. In the fpr'ng, lummer, and 
 j autumn, it is paflable in batteaix and bar- 
 ges, drawing about 3 feet water, 412 miles 
 to Ouiatanon ; and for large canoes 197 
 miles further, to the Miami carrying place, 
 9 miles from Miami village. This vil- 
 lage ftands on Miami river which emp- 
 ties into the S W part of Lake Erie. Tiie 
 communication between Detroit and the 
 lUinois and Ohio countries, is up Miami R-.^ 
 to Miami village, thtnce by land ymiles, 
 when the rivers are high, and from 18 to 
 30 when they are low, through a level 
 country to the WabalL, and through the 
 various branches of the Wabafh to th^ 
 places of dcftination. The land en thi» 
 river is remarkably fertile. A lilver mine 
 has been difcovercd about 28 miles above- 
 Ouiatanon, on the northern fide of the 
 Wabafh. Salt fprings, lime, free flone, 
 blue, yellow, and whfte clay, are found ia 
 plenty on this river. The copper mine 
 on this river, is perhaps the richeft veia 
 of native copper in the bowels of the 
 whole earth. See Vintennet and Ouiata- 
 non. 
 
 U'ahajh , Little, runs a courfe S S E, and 
 falls into the Wabafla, 10 miles from the 
 Ohio. 
 
 IVacLovia, or DobVs Parijh, a tra<5t of 
 land in N. CaroHna, between the E fide of 
 Yadkin river, and the head waters of Haw 
 and Deep rivers, confiding of about 
 
WAX 
 
 W A L 
 
 J0o,0O0 acrc=, partly hi Stokes raid Surf y 
 counties. The United Brethren, or J.Io- 
 j-avians, parchafcd this trail of Lord 
 Granville, in 1 751, and calied it Wacho- 
 via, af(,cr the name of an eflate of Count 
 Zinzciidorf, in Germany. In i 755, it was 
 made a feparate parilli, ;tnd named Dobb's, 
 hy the legiilature. 'i he fettiemcnt 01 
 Bethnbar,', ^va•■ hc.?,u" in 1 753, by a num- 
 ber of th ■'^ Pennfylvania. 
 Salem v/' . ipa' fettiemcnt, 
 co.nmenccLl in X;66, and is inh-^bited by 
 a number of in;jenious tradelnien. This 
 tbriviu':^ parilli lies about lO miles '6 of 
 Pilot Mountain, and contains 6 churches. 
 
 Wacoqt^atnaJj^ an ancient Moravian let- 
 tlcnient in Connecticut, on Stratford riv- 
 er ; 23 miles from its moiuii. 
 
 Wcichuj'ct MoifnhrinTm the toivn of Prince- 
 ton, Manachufetts, may be feen in a cieur 
 horizon, at the diitance of 67 miles, bcirg 
 2989 feet above the level of tlie fea. 
 
 WadfJhorc'Mrh, tlie chief" t(!wn of Anf^n 
 CO. in Fayetteville diflridt, N. Caiolina. 
 it contains a court houfc, ;;aol, and about 
 30 houfes, and beiag feated on a lofty hill, 
 is both pleafmt and healthy. It is /v'S 
 milc5 W by S of Fayetteville, s^ S E by S 
 of Salifburv, and 407 from W'afliington. 
 
 WcJmcl'aiv, an illand near ChHrlelton, S. 
 Carolina." Ey a bridge over a fninll creek 
 it is joined to Jolin's Ifland. 
 
 Wadfivr.rth,?: tov/n of N. York, Ontario 
 CO. on'the E hank of GenelTce river. 
 
 WadhLim IJlards,nQ:it the NE coafl of 
 Kewfoundiaad Illand. N lat. 49 57, W 
 ion. 53 37. 
 
 Wagers Strait, or Il:<u-r, in NeW N. 
 Wales, in N. America, lies in lat. 6$ 23 N, 
 and is. about 2 or 3 miles \vidc. At 5 or 6 
 miles V/itMn its entrance, it is 6 or 8 
 leagues wide, having feveral iflands and 
 rocks In the middle. It has foundings 
 fromi6 to 3c and44 fathoms; andthe land 
 on both fi Jcs is as high, (according to Cap- 
 tain Middleton's account) as any in Eng- 
 land. Savage Sound, a fmall cove or har- 
 boi*r, fit for flv.ps.to anchor in, lies on 
 the northern fliore, 13 or 14 leagues up 
 ths ftrait, in Ion. 87 i8 W. All the coun- 
 try from Wager's Strait to Seal river, is 
 in feme maps called New Denmark. Capt. 
 Monk was fen: thither, in 16 10, by the 
 Ling of Denmark, and v/intered at a place 
 called Monk's V»'"lnter Harbour, in lat. 62, 
 %o N, wliich muft be a little N of Rankin's 
 Inlet. When Capt. Eiiis was in this lat. 
 the tide ran at the rate of from 8 to 10 
 leagues i'.n hour. Ke. compares it to the 
 iiuice c-f a milL 
 
 ¥AiiiyfidJ,t\\c S eadernmofl townfhip c^ 
 CTuttendcn CO. Vermont, coiitaining 473 
 inhabitants. 
 
 JV'ait''s Jiivf-r, rifes in Oraiige co. Ver- 
 mont, and empties into ConneAicut riv- 
 er, at Bradford. 
 
 JVnjomiok, an Indian town on Sufque- 
 hannah river, about 4C0 miles from its 
 mor.th. In thcfpringof i"7j;6, the Indian* 
 fl' : ::nd thcv couJd not fi:f- 
 
 ii^.. . ..;r afhAiiilimeut at the 
 
 l:g:;t ol thcii. anir.ials unknoAvn to tliem. 
 
 IVule, an inland co. of Hillfborough dii"- 
 tricl, N. Carolina ; bounded N W by 
 Orange, and E nnd S ¥. by Johnfon. It 
 cojita'T-.s 12,768 inhabitants^ including 
 Z')o(j I'iavea, Chief toAvn, Raleigh. 
 
 IVakfftcld^ form^c-rly Eaftcii-r., and Wati-y- 
 toivr.y a townflTiip ot Stradbrd co. N. Hamp- 
 lliirc, E of Wolf boroug'i, incorporated in 
 1774. It contains 835 inhabiuants. In 
 tlie N E part is a pond wliich is the fourcc 
 of P.rc.:tt,iqua river. 
 
 iV.JJ.aifiu-Lv, a beauf-ifid lake, 26 mile; 
 in circuit, in Bladen co. N. Carolina. 1 he 
 
 iani 
 
 its E lide are fertile, and the fxt- 
 
 Uation dellgliLful, gradually afcendingfrom 
 the fliorcs ; bounded on the N V/ by v?S\ 
 rich fvvamps, fit for rice. Th.is lake is the 
 fource of a Hue river, of tlie fame name, 
 and runs a foutherlv courfe, for 70 or 80 
 miles, and empties into V/inyaw Bay, at 
 Georgetown, in S. Carolina. 
 
 /-r'^/i/t/j, a tov/nfliip of Vermont, Cale- 
 donia CO. having Danville on the S E. It 
 contains 153 inhabitants. 
 
 Waldohsrov.nhy a pofl town and ' port of 
 entry in Maine, in I<incoln co. la miles S 
 by W of Warren, 10 E by S of Newcaf- 
 tle, 20 E of WifcafTet, and 683 from 
 Wafliington. jMufkongus river runs near- 
 ly through the middle of the town. This 
 is the port of entry for the diltricl, lying 
 between the towns of Camden and Nortli- 
 port ; and all the fliores and waters from 
 the middle of Damarifcotta river to the S 
 W fide of the town of Northport. The 
 townfliip of W:ildoborougIi was incorpo- 
 rated in 1773, and contaixis 15 11 inhabit- 
 ants. See Muff.ung-js. 
 
 Waldo Patent, a trafl of land forming 
 the S E part of Hancock co. in Maine, and 
 on the W lide of Penobfcot river and 
 bay. 
 
 IVulc!, New South y a country of vafl ex- 
 tent, but little known, lying round the 
 fouthern part of Hudfon's Bay. 
 
 JValcs Neiv North, an extenfive territo- 
 ry of N. America ; having Prince Wil- 
 liam's Land N, part of BafFm's Bay E, and 
 
 feparated 
 
WAL 
 
 W A L 
 
 feparated from New S. Wales, S l>y Seal 
 river 
 
 IValesiSL plantation in Lincoln co. Maine. 
 55 miies N E of Portland, and 180 from 
 Bofton. It contains ;^66 inhabitants. 
 
 PValhaUin^, the Indian name of an eaft- 
 ern branch of Muflcingum river, at the 
 mouth of v^^hich flood Gofchachguenk, a 
 Delaware town, and fetdement of Chrift- 
 ian Indians. 
 
 Wulkerton, a poft town in King and 
 Queen co. Virginia, 120 miles from Waili- 
 ington. 
 
 F/'ally Suhferraveous. About the year 
 1795, a remarkable wall was difcovered, 
 in the neighbourhood of S^iliftury, in N. 
 Carolina. Its diflance from Third Creek, 
 a confiderable [lream,is about one quarter 
 of a mile, from the S. Yadkin river about 
 a mile, from the Great Yadkin river ahout 
 2 and a half, or 3 miles ; and from the 
 Atlantic Ocean not lefs than 160 or 170 
 rniles. Its diredtion is nearly N W and S E. 
 Since its difcovery various attemp s have 
 been m-.de to afcertain its length, breadth, 
 depth, and the materials of which it is 
 compofed. Its top is at unequal diflances, 
 below the furface of the earth ; though it 
 generally rifes as the furface rifts, and links 
 as it finks. A pit has been dug befide th« 
 wall, to the depth of 27 feet, but no ap- 
 pearance of its termination downwards. 
 The thicknefs is uniformly the fame, viz. 
 2 feet. Its length has not been afcertain- 
 ed ; but from the place where the pit has 
 been funk, the wall is known to extend 
 more than 100 feet down the hill, and 
 parallel with a branch which runs near. 
 Above the pit it extends 150 feet in a direcTt 
 line. It then forms a fegment of a l.irge 
 circle, for about 15 feet, and then pro- 
 ceeds in a right line, parallel with, but 6 
 or 7 feet out of its fii ft diretTdon. The 
 face, on each fide the wall, is fmooth and 
 even ; all the flones of an irregular fize 
 and fhape. The largeft are near the fize 
 of a common brick, the fmaileO; not larger 
 than the end of a man's thumb. The 
 large flones are all laid lengthwife, acrofs 
 the wall ; the fmall, of which there is a 
 great number, are ufed to fill up the in- 
 terft'ces between them. The texture of 
 the ftone is of a peculiar kind, and diiFer- 
 ent from any in tiie neighbourhood, except 
 one quarry, which is at the diflance from 
 the wall of about one half of a mile. The 
 cement is of a whitifli colour, and appears 
 to contain much lime; but when analyz- 
 ed, yields iron without any lime. The dif- 
 covery of this wall, which can fcarcely be 
 VuL.I. Kkkk 
 
 thought a natural producStion, feem? to 
 ftrengtiien the opinion of thofe who be- 
 lieve that this v/t Rem world has once be- 
 fore bet n inhabit! d by a civilized pe^ pie, 
 or, at leaft ^-irited oftenei,- than hiftury in- 
 forms us of, and prior to its authenticated 
 difcovery by Co umbus. Or it may be con- 
 fidered as a proor of the Mofaic account, 
 
 IVallin^ford, a townlliip of Vermont, 
 Rutland, ^o. E of Tiiamouth. It contains 
 912 inhabitants. 
 
 Wallingfoid, a pleafant pofl: tovv^n of 
 ConnetSticut, N. Haven co. 13 miies S W 
 of Middleton, and 13 NE of New Kf- 
 ven. This toAvnfhip, called by the In- 
 dians Cogtvchcuje, was fettled in 167 1 ; 
 Is divided into two parifliies, and con- 
 tains 3214 inh bitant?. It is 12 miles 
 long, and 7 broad. 
 
 Vfdllerfuille, a pofl town in Hancock co, 
 Geor^^ia, 729 milts from Walliington. . 
 
 IVallkill, a river of Orange co. N. 
 York. It is a fluirgiih flream, 40 or 50,000 
 acres of land on its banks, bting overilow- 
 ed, a confiderable part of the year, v/hicU 
 expofes the inhabiiants of the vicinity co 
 intermittent fevers. It is faid that tlie 
 channel might c.ifily be fo deepened, as 
 to prevent the lands from being dro'-s'ued, 
 and the people from ficknef?. 
 
 Wallklll, a town^Tiip of N, York, Or- 
 ange CO. on the creek of its name, about 
 15 miles N by E of Gofhen, 11 W of 
 Ncwburgli, and 58 N W of N. York city. 
 It contains 3592 inhabitants. 
 
 Walnut Cove. This is a beautiful tra£k 
 of 8 or 10,000 acres of land, at the low- 
 er end of Powell's Valley, bounded N W 
 by Cumberland ATountain, and S W by 
 Crofs Mountain, running from the Cum- 
 btrland almofl at ri.^,ht ang'es, J:i or 9 mil' s 
 long, very flcep, high and regul^ir. Tticfc 
 mtnnitains afford to the inhabitants of the 
 Cove a mofl romantic profpecl. It con- 
 tains fome elegant ui nations. 
 
 Walnut HUls, axe on t'le E bank of the 
 MiilKippi river, in the M'ffihjipi Terri- 
 tory, a litj'!e S of trie mourh of Yazoo riv- 
 er, in !at. 32 20 N, ;jnd iou. 75 4$ W of 
 Philadeiphia. Fortification < to a confid- 
 erable ejctt-nt were credlei here by the 
 Spaniards b-rforc the place- was given up 
 to the American.".. Tiiis pofl is a very 
 important one, and capable of being made 
 very fi'rong. Here were, in looo, 80 in- 
 hab'tanls. 
 
 Walhotnfchachy a f.nall branch of Hoo- 
 fack river, VermoDt. 
 
 Wullpack, a to.vn'hip in Sufilx co. N. 
 Jerfev, on Delaware rivtr, about i r mile* 
 
 Wof 
 
WAP 
 
 WAK 
 
 W of Newtown, and i^o N W of Brunf- 
 wick. It contained, in 1790, 496 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 M^alpolcy a pod town of N. Hampfliire, 
 Chefliire co, on the eaftern fide of Con- 
 ne<5ticut river, 11 miles S of Gharleftown, 
 14 N W by N of Kcene, 108 W of Portf- 
 inouth, and 475 from Wafliington. The 
 townfliip contains 1743 inhabitants. 
 
 JValpoLy a townflaip of MafTachufetts, 
 Norfolk CO. O'n the great road to Provi- 
 dence, and 20 miles S W of Bofton. It 
 \v<is incorporated in 1724, and contains 
 989 inhabitants. 
 
 IValj'tngham, Capc^ is on the E iidc of 
 Cumberland's iHand, in Hudfon'ij Straits. 
 N lat. 6a 39, W Ion. 77 $t,. High water, 
 at full and change, at I2 o'clock. 
 
 WjiUham^ a tovvrrfliip oc Maflachufetts, 
 Middlefex co. 11 miles N W of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1737, and contains 
 903 inhabitants. 
 
 IValth^im^ or IVcJihiim, a village in Hen- 
 rico CO. Virginia, on tlie N lide of James' 
 river, 4 miles N \V of Richmond. 
 
 JValton, where is a poft ofTtce, in Dela- 
 ware CO. N. York, 447 miles from Wafli- 
 ingion. 
 
 PViimpanos^zn. Indian trl'oe, allies cf the 
 Hurnns. 
 
 iVcinafpaiticht River, rifcs in Glouceftcr, 
 Rhode Illand, and falls into Providence 
 river a mile and a half N \V of Weybof- 
 Ict bridge. Upon this fiver formerly 
 flood the only powder mill in this State, 
 and within one mile of its mouth there 
 arc a Hictin^j mill, 2 paper mills, 2 grift 
 mills with 4 run of ftones, an oil mill, and 
 a faw mill. 
 
 Waitlo^Ti lliort, broad river of S. Caro- 
 lina, whicli rifes iu Chailefton diftrit5t, 
 and empties Into Cooper's river, a few 
 miles above Charlefton. 
 
 JVanooattu^ an illand in the S. I'acific 
 Ocean, about 2 miles in extent from S E 
 to N \V. It is about 10 miles at N W by 
 W from the N end of Watcehoo Ifland. 
 
 JV^!iirii^e,a. townlLip near the N W cor- 
 ner of N. Jerfey, SufTex co. 15 miles north- 
 erly of Newtown. It cout;iincd, in 1790, 
 17CO inhabitants. 
 
 JVjnt,iJ}'n-y the original name of W. riv- 
 er, Vermont. 
 
 IViippacamo River, a large S branch of 
 Patowmac river, which it joins in lat. 39 
 39 N, where the latter was formerly 
 known by the nime of Cohongoronto. 
 
 Wapuivagan IJlanJs^ on the Labrador 
 coaft, lie betwcea lat. 50 ^nd 50 5 N, and 
 tetwecn Ion. J95J and 60 30 \V. 
 
 JVarJy a. townfhip of MaiTachuretfs^ 
 Worcefter co. 5 miles S of Worccller, and 
 contains 532 inhabitants. 
 
 iVarcfJborough, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 Windham co. (a or 15 miles W of Put- 
 ney, and 27 N E of Bennington, and con- 
 tains 1484 inhabitants. 
 
 Wardjbridgci a poft town of N. York, 
 Orange co. on the Wallkill, 10 miles N of 
 Goflien, 36 S by W of Kingfton. It con- 
 tains about 40 compa^l houfes and an 
 academy. 
 
 Ware, a fmall river of MafTachufetts 
 which originates in a pond in Gerry, in 
 Worceftet- co. and in Peterfliam it re- 
 ceives Swift river, and receiving Quaboag 
 river, which comes from Brookfield, is 
 thence allumes the nameof Chicabee, and 
 falls into ConnecHiIcut river at Springfield. 
 Its courfe is S and S W. 
 
 Warcy a townfliip of MafTachufetts, in 
 Hampfliire co. incorporated in 1761, and 
 contains 997 inhabitants. It is 15 milcff 
 N E of Springfield, and 80 W of Bofton. 
 
 Warehcimy-A pofl town of MafTachufetts, 
 Plymouth co. at the head of Buzzard's 
 Bay, on the W fide, 60 miles S by E of 
 Bofton. It was incorporated in 1739, ^'^^ 
 contains 770 inhabitants. N lat. 4145, 
 Wlon. 70 40, 
 
 Warminjiery a fmall poft tOAvn of Vir- 
 ginia, on che N fide of James' river, in 
 Amherft CO. about 90 miles above Rich- 
 mond. It contains about 40 houfes, and 
 a tobacco warehoufe. It is 21 miles from 
 Charlottefviile, and 188 from Wafliing- 
 ton. There is alfo a townfliip of this 
 name in Buck's county, Pennfylvania. 
 
 Warm Springs a ridge of mountains 
 bears this name, a part of the Alleghany 
 Mountains, N W of the Calf Pafture, and 
 famous for warm fprings.^ The moft effi- 
 cacious of thefe, are 2 fprings in Augufta, 
 near thefources of James* river, where it 
 is called Jackfon's river. They rife near 
 the foot of the ridge of mountains,general- 
 ly called the Warm Spring Mountains, but 
 in the maps Jackfon's Mountains. The 
 one is difiinguiflied by the name of the 
 Warm Spring, and the other of the Hoc 
 Spring. The Warm Spring ifTues with a 
 very bold ftream, fi|ffieient to work a grift 
 mill, and to keep the waters of its bafon, 
 which is 30 feet in diameter, at the vital 
 warmth, viz. <)(P of Fareinheit's ther- 
 mometer. The matter with which thefe 
 waters is allied is very volatile ; its fmcU 
 indicates it to be fulphureous,as alfo does 
 thecircumftancc of turning filver black. 
 They relieve rheumatifm*. Other com- 
 plain t-«$ 
 
WAR 
 
 WAR 
 
 pkmts dfo of very different nature? have 
 been removed or leflened by them. Jt 
 rains here 4 or 5 days in every week. 
 The Hot Spring is about 6 miles from the 
 Warm, is much fmaller, and has been fo 
 hot as to have boiled an egg. Some be- 
 lieve its degree of heat to be leflened. It 
 raifes the mercury in Fareinheit's ther- 
 mometer to ira°,whichis fever heat. It 
 fometimes relieves where the Warm Spring 
 fails. A fountain of common water iflu- 
 ing within a few inches of its margin, gives 
 it a fingular appearance. Comparing the 
 tempefature of thefe with that of the hot 
 fprings of Kamfchatka, of which Krach- 
 inninikow gives an account, the difference 
 is very great, the latter raifing the mer- 
 cury to 200 degrees, which is within 12 
 ■degrees of boiling water. Thefe fprings 
 are very much reforted to, in fpitc of a 
 total want of accommodation for the lick. 
 Their waters are ftrongeft in the botteft 
 months, which occafions their being vif- 
 ited in July and Auguft principally. The 
 Sweet Springs in the county of Botetourt, 
 at the eaftern foot of the Alleghany, are 
 about forty two miles from the Warm 
 Springs. 
 
 Warner, a towjjfliip of N. Hampfliire, 
 Hillfborough co. It was incorporated in 
 1774, and contains 1569 inhabitants. 
 
 IVarren, a townfliip in Vermont, lying 
 In two tradls, one in Addifon co. adjoin- 
 ing Lincoln, and the other in Effex co. 
 adjoining Norton. It contains 59 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Warren, a poft town in Albemarle eo. 
 Virginia, 178 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Warren, a thriving poft town and the 
 chief in Trumbull co. Ohio, 341 miles 
 from Wafliington, and 76 NW from Pittf- 
 burgh.. It has a gaol, about 5130 iiahab- 
 itants, who emigrated from New England, 
 and fome other States. 
 
 Warren, a county of Halifax diftri^t, N. 
 Carolina. It contains 11,046 inhabitants, 
 including 5905 flaves. The foil is rich, 
 and well watered. Quarries of mill ftones, 
 and alfo of whctftones are found here. 
 There is aho a mineral fpring, efficacious 
 in fcorbutic and bilious complaints. More 
 than half the people are in flavery among 
 republicans, 
 
 Warren, or Warrenton, a poft town, and. 
 the capital of the abovementioned county, 
 iG miles E by N of Hillfborough, 35 W 
 of Halifax, 54 N of Raleigh, 83 S of Pe- 
 terfburg in Virginia, and 240 from Wafh- 
 ington. The town contains 233 inhabit- 
 ants, 107 of thyn arc negroes. It ftands 
 
 IB a lofty, dry, and healthy fituation, Eu-. 
 ropeans, of various nations, refide in and 
 about the town. Here is a refpetStable 
 academy, having generally from 60 to 70 
 ftudents. 
 
 Warren, a poft town of Maine, Lincoln 
 CO. adjoining Camden and Thomafton; 
 203 miles N E by N of Bofton. This town- 
 fliip is feparated from that of Thomafton, 
 by St. George's river ; was incorporated 
 in 1776, and contains 939 inhabitants. 
 
 Warren, A tovvnfliip of Grafton CO. N. 
 Hampfhire, N E of Orford, adjoining, in- 
 corporated in 1763, and contains 336 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Warren, a poft town of Rhode Ifland, 
 Briftol CO. pleafantly htuated on Warren 
 river, and the N E part of Narraganfet 
 Bay, 4 miles N of Briftol, 10 S S E of Prov- 
 idence. This is a flourifliing town ; car- 
 ries on a brifk coafting and W. India trade, 
 and is remarkable for fliip building. The 
 whole townfliip contains 1473 inhabit- 
 ants. Rhode Ifland College was firft 
 inftituted in this town, and afterwards re- 
 moved to Providence. 
 
 Warren, z new townfliip of Herkcmer 
 CO. N. York. It was taken from German 
 Flats, and incorporated in 1796 and has 
 2445 inhabitants. 
 
 WiH-ren, a townfliip of Oonnedtlcut, in 
 Litchfield co. between the to\vnfl:!ips of 
 Kent and Litchfield, having 1083 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Warren, a county of Georgi.a containing 
 S3 29 inhabitants, of whom 2058 areilaves. 
 
 /Far r<-«, a county in the State of Ohio. 
 
 IFarren, a. county of Rennfylvania, con- 
 taining 615,680 acr-es, and 233 inhabit- 
 ants ; bounded W by Crawford and Erie, 
 N by N. York, E by Lycoming, and S by 
 Venango. Chief town, Warren. 
 
 Warren, a county of Kentucky, bounded 
 E by Barren county, N by Hardin, N \V 
 by Ohio eo. W by Logan, and S by "J'en- 
 eiree. It is interfetn:ed by Great Barren 
 rivjcr. The inhabitants are 4645, of 
 whom 41 7 are flaves. 
 
 Warren's Point, on the coaft of Nova 
 Scotia, is on the E fide of Chebudto Har- 
 bour, about 2 miles E of the town of Hal- 
 ifax. It is at the entrance of a creek, 
 vi'hich receives Saw Mill river and other 
 ftr earns. 
 
 Warrenion, a poft town in Warren co. 
 683 miles from Wafhington, the capital 
 of the United States. 
 
 Warrington, the name of two townfliips 
 of Pennfylvania ; the one in York co. the 
 other in Buck's co. 
 
 War/uw, 
 
WAS 
 
 WAS 
 
 Warfaiv, or JVafaiv, an If! and and 
 found on the coaft of Georgia, between 
 the mouth of Savannah river and that of 
 Ogeechee. The ifland forms the N fide 
 of O I ;"abaw Sound ; being in a N E direc- 
 tion from Oirabaw liland. Wirfaw Sound 
 is formed by the nirthern end of the ifl- 
 and of its name, and the fouthern end of 
 Tybee Ifl md. 
 
 W^r-rjuick^ a county of Virginia, bound- 
 ed N by York county, and S by James* 
 river, which fep.rates it from Ifle of 
 Wight and Naufemond counties. It is 
 the o'ldeft countv of the State, having 
 beeneft'ibtifliedin 1628. It contains 635 
 free inhabitants, and 1024 flaves. 
 
 Wa iv'ick, a townOiip of MaiTachufetts, 
 in HimplLire co. incorporated in 1763. 
 It contains 1233 inhabitant^. It is bound- 
 ed N by N. Hampfliire not far E of Con- 
 neAicut river, and is 80 miles N W of 
 Boflon. 
 
 JVar'tv'ici, the chief town of Kent co. 
 Rhode Ifland, at the head of Narraganf't 
 Bay, on the W fide ; ab'>ut 8 miles S of 
 Providence. The townfliip contains ^S^i"^ 
 inhabitants, including 1 7 flaves. A cot- 
 ton manufadiory has been eftabliflied In 
 this town upon an exteniive icale. One 
 rf Arkwright's machines was erected here 
 in Auguft, 1795 ; and the yarn produced 
 anfvvers the mod fangulne expectation. 
 This town was the birth place of ihe cel- 
 ebrated Gen. Green. 
 
 Warivkk, a townfbip of N. York, 
 Orange co. bounded E by New Cornwall, 
 and S by the State of N. Jerf* y. It con- 
 tains 3816 inhabitants; and lies 274 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Warzvick, the name of two townfliips 
 of Pennfylvania ; the one in Buck's co. 
 the other in that of Lancafter. In the 
 latter is the fi:ie Moravian fettlement call- 
 ed Litiz ; v/hich fee. 
 
 Warivick, a poft town of Maryland, 
 Cecil CO. on the eaftern fhore of Chefa- 
 peik Bay ; about 14 miles Toutherly of 
 £lkton, 8 N E of Georgetown Cro.s Roads, 
 57 SW of Philadelphia, and 113 from 
 Wafliington. 
 
 IVariLuk, a fmall town of Cheflerfield 
 CO. Vrginia ; agreeably fituated on the 
 S W fide of James' river, about 7 miles S 
 S E o! Richmond, and 1 7 N of Pettrfburg. 
 VefTels of 250 tons bui den can come 10 
 this town. In 1781, Benedi(5l Arnold 
 deflr' yed many ve^els in the river and 
 on the flocks at this place 
 
 JVaJh-ngtotij a county of Maine, and the 
 moll eafl:erly part oi the United States. 
 
 It is bounded S by the ocean, W by Han- 
 cock CO. N by L. Canada, and E by New 
 Brunfwick. It was eredled into a coun- 
 ty in 1789 ; the only towns yet Incorpo- 
 rated are Machlas, Steuben, Columbia, 
 Addifon, Harrington, and Eaftport. The 
 coaft abounds with excellent harbours. 
 Althoughthe winters are long and fevere ; 
 yet the foil and produ6tions are but little 
 inferior to the other counties. The num- 
 ber of inhabitants In this county is 4436. 
 Chief town, Machlas. 
 
 Wajh'ington, a maritime county of Rhode 
 Ifland ; bounded N by Kent, S by the 
 Atlantic Ocean ; W by Connedtlcut, and 
 E by Narraganfet Bay. It is divided in- 
 to 7 to wnfliips, and contains 16,135 in- 
 habitants. Chief town, South Kingfl:own, 
 ^"'■'//S/Mff/cw, a county of N. York; bound- 
 ed N by ElTex cu. S by Reuffelaer, S W 
 by Saratoga, W by Hudfon river, and E 
 by Vermont. It contains 35,574 inhab- 
 itants. Salem is the chief town 
 
 V/ajhington, a county of Pennfylvania ; 
 
 fituated in the S W corner of the State. 
 
 The diviiion line Is as follows," beginning 
 
 on the IMonongahela River at the mouth 
 
 of Ten mile creek; up faid Creek to Wal- 
 
 laes rail! ; thence South v/ellerly to the 
 
 \ ridge between the N and S forks ; thence 
 
 I along the ridge to the ridge between 
 
 j WhalingandTenmile ; thence in a ftraight 
 
 j line to the head of Enlows branch cf 
 
 i Whaling ; thence down the fame to the 
 
 I W boundary line of the State ; thence 
 
 I round to the place of beginning." It Is 
 
 i agreeably diverfiued with liiils, which ad- 
 
 j mit of eafy cultivation quite to their fum- 
 
 mits. It is divided into 22 townfliips, 
 
 j and contains 28,298 Inhabitants. Mines 
 
 j of copper and Iron ore have been found 
 
 j In this county. 
 
 j Wafoington^ the capital of the above co. 
 I and a poll town, Is fituated on a branch 
 j of Charter's Creek, which fal's Into Ohio 
 j river, a few miles below PIttfburg. It 
 contains a brick court houfe, a (lone gaol, 
 a large brick building for the public offi- 
 ces. A college has been efl:abliflied here 
 with a fund of feveral looo acres of land. 
 Here are nearly 100 dwelling houfes. It ia 
 22 miles S S W of Pittflnirg ; 22 N W of 
 Brownfville, (yo miles N by W of Morgan- 
 town, In Virginia, 325 W by N of fhila- 
 delphia, and 274 from Wafliington. N 
 lat. 40 13, W ion. 80 6 40. It is remark- 
 able ^or its manufactures. There are 
 3 other townfliips ot the fame name In 
 Pennfylvania, viz. In Fayette, Franklin, 
 and Weftmoreland counties. 
 
 Wiijh'ingtont 
 
WAS 
 
 WAS 
 
 Wajh'mgion^ a county of Maryland, on 
 the wefter'i flioi-e i.f Chefapeak Bay ; 
 bounded N by the State of Pennfylvaii'a ; 
 E by Frederick co. from which it is divid- 
 ed by S. Mountain ; S W by Ratowmack 
 river, wh'ch divides it from Virginia, and 
 W by Sideling Hill Creek, which feparat as 
 it from Allegiiany co. This is called the 
 garden of Mdryland, lying principally 
 between the North and South Mountains, 
 and includes the rich, fertile^ and well cul- 
 tivated valley of Conegocheague. Its 
 ftreams furnifla excellent mill feats, and 
 the lands are thought to be the moft fer- 
 tile In the State. Limeftone and iron 
 ore are found here. Furnaces and ibrges 
 have been eredled, and confiderable quan- 
 tities of pig and bar iron are maunfacSlur- 
 ed. Chief town, Elizabeth Town. It 
 contains 18,850 inhabitants and 22CO be- 
 ing flaves. 
 
 Wajhingtmiy a CO. of Virginia ; bounded 
 E and N E by Wythe ; N W by RufTel ; 
 S by the State of N. Carolina, and W by 
 Lee. It is watered by the dreams which 
 form Holfton, Clinch and Powell's rivers. 
 There is a natural bridge in this county 
 fimllar to tliat in Rockbridge county. It 
 is on Stock Creek, a branch of Pelefon 
 river. It contains 8357 free inhabitants, 
 and 817 flaves. Chief town, Abingdon, 
 
 Wajh'ington, a county of the Millifippl 
 Territory containing 1250 inhabitants, 
 of whom 497 are flaves. 
 
 Wafnagton, a CO, of N- Carolina contain- 
 ing 2165 inhabitants of whom 645 are 
 flaves ; at the court houfe there is a poll 
 office. 
 
 WaJh:ngtony formerly a diftricSt of the 
 Upper Country of S. Carolina, perhaps 
 the moft hilly and mountainous in the 
 State. Now divided into Greenville, 
 and Pendleton diftrlifts, which fee. A 
 number of old deferted Indian towns of 
 the Cherokee nation, are frequently met 
 with on the Keowee river, and its tributa- 
 ry ftreams which water this country. 
 
 Wafaington, 2l county of Kentucky, 
 bounded N E by Mercer, N W by Nelfon, 
 S E by L ncoln, and W by Hardin. Con- 
 taining 888 7 inhabitants ; 1 5 82 being flaves. 
 
 Wajhington, a county of Teneffee. Wafli- 
 ington college is < flabliflied in this county 
 by the legillature. It contains 6377 in- 
 habitants, of whom 533 are flaves. 
 
 Wajhtngton^ a count \r of the State of 
 Ohio, eredled in 1788 within the follow- 
 ing boundaries, viz. beginning on the 
 bank of the Ohio where the weftern line 
 of Pennfylvaaia crofles it, and running 
 with that line to Lake Erie ; thence along 
 
 the fouthern fliore of that lake to jhe 
 mouth of Cayahoga river, and up that 
 river to the portage between it and th« 
 Tufcarawa branch of Muikingum : ;henc« 
 down that branch to the forks of tliecroiV- 
 ing place above Fort Lawrence ; thenc« 
 with a line to be drawn wefteriy to the 
 portage on that branch of the Big Miami, 
 on which the fort ftood which was taken 
 from the French in 1752, until it meets 
 the road from the Lower Shawanele town 
 to Sandufky ; thence S to the Scicta R. to 
 the mouth, and thence up the Ohio to the 
 place of beginning. It has fince been di- 
 vided, andnow contains 5427 inhabitants, 
 
 Wiipington^ a county of the U. Dlftridl 
 of Georgia, which contains 15 towns and 
 10.300 inhabitants, including 2668 flaves. 
 Fort Fidus is fituated in the wefternmoft 
 part of the county on the E Iranch of 
 Alatamaha river. The county is bound- 
 ed on the N E by Ogeechee river. Num- 
 bers have removed here from Wilkes co. 
 to cultivate cotton in preference to tobac- 
 co. This produce, though in its infan- 
 cy, amounted to 2o8,ooolbs. weight in 
 1792. Chief town, Golphinton. 
 
 Wiijbington^ a town in Scott co. Ken- 
 tucky, has 570 inhabitants. 
 
 IVaJbington^z. tovin of Beaufort co. N. 
 Carolina, containing 601 inhabitants. 
 
 JVaJhingtony a townflilp of Vermont, 
 Orange co. 12 miles W of Bradford, and 
 contains 510 inhabitants. 
 
 PVaJhington, a townflilpof MafTachufetta, 
 in Berkfliire co. 7 mile> S E of Pittsfield, 
 8 E of Lenox, and 145 W of Eofl:on. It 
 was incorporated in 1777, and contains 
 914 inhabitants. 
 
 /^'^yS;«^/on , a to WTiflii p of N. Yor k, Dutch- 
 cfs CO. boL nded S by Beekman, and W by 
 Poughkeeplie and Clinton. It contains 
 2666 inhabitants. 
 
 /F. //?!/«^^&« , a po fl: t o \vn o f N. Hampth i re, 
 Chefliir^co. firlt called Camden. It was 
 incorporated in 1776, and contains 819 
 inhabitants ; it is la or 14 miles E of 
 Charleflown. 
 
 IVafcington^ a townflilp of Connc(^icut, 
 in Ijitchlield co. about 7 miles S W of 
 Litchfield. It has 1568 inhabitants. 
 
 Wajhington Parijh, in Virginia, on the 
 Patovvmac, about^o miles from its mouth. 
 Here the Grandfather of Gen V/alhing- 
 ton, when he came from England in 1657, 
 took up an extenliye tradl of uncultivat- 
 ed land. Here is the feat of Col. Wafli- 
 ington, nephew of the General, and here 
 with pride are fliewn the ruins of the 
 houfe where Wujhington, " the Man of the 
 Age" was bora. A number of Gentlemen 
 
 have 
 
WAS 
 
 WAS 
 
 jKRve it 111 contemplation to ere A a iiion- 
 Oiment on the fpot. 
 
 IVafi'ingion, a port of cntry and pofl: 
 town of N. Carolina, in Beaufort co. on 
 the N fide of Tar river, in iat. ^s 30 N, 
 ^o miles from Ocrecock Inlet, 40 from 
 the mouth of Tar river, 61 S S W of Ed- 
 cnton, 38 N by E of Newhern, 131 N E 
 by N of Wilmington, 460 from Philadel- 
 phia, and 3ZI from Wallilngton City. 
 It contains a court houfc, gaol, about 80 
 houfes,and 601 inhabitants. From this 
 town are exported tobacco of the Peterf- 
 burg quality, pork, beef, Indian corn, 
 peas, beans, pitch, tar, turpentine, rofin, 
 &c. alfo pine boards, fliingles, and oak 
 ftaves. About 130 vefTeis enter annually 
 jit the cuftom houfe in this town. The 
 exports for a year, ending the 30th of 
 September, I794> amounted to 33,684 
 dollars. 
 
 JVaJbinrrton, a poft town of Kentucky, 
 and the capital of Mafon county, about 3 
 miles S by V/ of the landing at Limeftone, 
 on the S fide of Ohio river. It contains 
 about 100 houfes,and570 inhabitants ; a 
 Prelbyterian church, a handfome court 
 houfe' and gaol ; and is faft increafing in 
 importance. It is 6z miles N E of Lex- 
 jngTon, 75 N E by E of Frankfoit, 700 S 
 W'by W of Philadelphia, and 488 from 
 Wafliington City. N Iat. 38 40, W Ion. 
 84 30. 
 
 IVaJhingioH Court Houfc, in S- Carolina, 
 is 10 miles from Greeuviile, and 16 from 
 Pendleton. 
 
 Wajhingion^ z poft towu of Georgia, and 
 the capital of Wilkes co. 50 milts N W by 
 \V of Auguita, 58 N by W of Louifville, 
 ^8 from Grcenfborough, and 646 from 
 Watliington city. It ftands on the weft- 
 ern fide of Kettle Creek, a N branch of 
 JLittle river, which empties into Savannah 
 river from the E, about 56 miles E of the 
 town. It is regularly laid out, and con- 
 tained in 1788, 34 houfes, a court houfe, 
 gaol, and academy. The funds of the 
 academy amounc to about 800I. fterling, 
 and the number of fludents to between 
 ^o and 70 On the E fide of the town, 
 a mile and a half diftant, is a medicinal 
 fpring, which rifes from a hollow tree 
 4 or 5 feet in length. The infide of the 
 tree is covered wiih a coat of matter an 
 inch thick, and the leaves around the 
 fpring are incrufted with a fubftance as 
 white as fnow. N Iat. 33 12. 
 
 Wafmngton City, in the territory of Co- 
 lumbia, wa3 ceded by the State of Virginia 
 and Maryland to the United State, and 
 
 j by thera cftabliflied as the feat of their 
 j government, after the year 1800. This 
 j city ftands at the jundtion of the river 
 j Patowmack, and the Eaflern Branch, Iat. 
 38 5Z N, extending nearly 4 miles up 
 each. For although the land in general 
 appears level, yet by gentle and gradual 
 fwellings, a variety of elegant profpet^^s 
 are produced, and a fufficient dtfcent 
 formed for conveying off the water occa- 
 fioned by rain. Within the limits of the 
 city are a great number of excellent 
 fprings ; and by digging wells, water of 
 the bed quality may readily be had. Bc-^ 
 fide, the never failing ftreams that nciw 
 run through that territory, may alfo be 
 colle(5ted for the ufe of the city. The wa- 
 ters of Reedy Branch, and of Tiber Creek, 
 may be conveyed to the Prefident's houfc. 
 The fource of Tiber Creek is elevated 
 about 236 feet above the level of the tide 
 in faid Creek. The perpendicular height 
 of the ground on which the capitol ftands, 
 is 78 feet above the level of the tide in 
 Tiber Creek. The water of Tiber Creek 
 may therefore be conveyed to the capi- 
 tol, and after watering that part of the 
 city, may be dtftined to other ufeful pur- 
 pofes. The Eaftern Branch forms a fafe 
 I and commodious harbour, being fuftlcient- 
 I ly deep far the largeft fhips, for about 4 
 I miles above its mouth, while the channel 
 I lies clofe along the bank adjoining the 
 ! city, and affords a large and convenient 
 harbour. The Patowmack, although only 
 navigable for fmall craft, for a confidera- 
 ble diftance from its banks next the city, 
 (excepting about half a mile above the 
 juncflion of the rivers) will neverthelefs 
 afford a capacious fummer harbour ; as a 
 great number of fliips may ride in the 
 great channel, oppofite to, and below the 
 city. The lituation of this metropolis is 
 upon the great poft road, equi diffant from 
 the northern and fouthern extremities of 
 the Union, and nearly fo from the Atlan- 
 tic and Pittfljurg, upon the beft naviga- 
 tion, and in the midft of a commercial 
 territory, probably the richeft, and com- 
 manding tl)C moft extenfvve internal re- 
 fource of any in America. It has there- 
 fore many advantages to recommend it, 
 as an eligible place for the permanent feat 
 of the general government. The plan of 
 this city appears to contain fome import- 
 ant improvements upon that of the befl: 
 planned cities in the world, combining, in 
 a remarkable degree, convenience, regu- 
 larity, eleg-ance of profpedl, and a free cir- 
 1 culation of siir. The pofitione of the dif^ 
 
 ferent 
 
. W A S 
 
 WAS 
 
 ferent public edifices, and for the fevera\ 
 fquares and areas of dilFerent fliapes as 
 they are laid down, were iirft determined 
 on the moft advantageous ground, com- 
 manding the moft exteniive profpecls, and 
 from their fituation, fufceptible of fuch 
 improvements as either ufe or ornament 
 may hereafter require. The capitol is 
 iituated on a moft beautiful eminence, com- 
 manding a complete view of every part of 
 the city, and of a couflderable part of the 
 country around. TJie Prefident's houfe 
 (lands on a rifing ground, poiTeiling a de- 
 liglitful water profpedl, together with a 
 commanding view of tlie capitol, and the 
 moft material parts of the city. Lines or 
 avenues of direct communication, have 
 been devifed to connedt the moft dlftant 
 and important objetfls. Thefe tranfverfe 
 avenues, or diagonal ftreets, are laid out 
 on the moft advantageous ground for prof- 
 pcft and convenience, and are calculated 
 not only to produce a variety of charming 
 profpedsjbut greatly to facilitate the com- 
 municatiou throughout the city. Nand 
 S lines, interfedled by others running due 
 U and W, make the diftribuiion of the city 
 into ftreets, fquares, &c. and thofe lines 
 have been fo combined, as to meet at cer- 
 tain given points, with the divergent ave- 
 nues, fo as to foi-iti,on the {pa.cei JI/JI deh-r- 
 jw/«^^, the diiTcrent fquares or areas. I'he 
 grand avenues, and fuch ftreets as lead 
 immediately to public places, are from 
 130 to 160 feet wide, and may be conven- 
 iently divided into foot ways, a walk plant- 
 ed with trees on each lide, and a paved 
 way for carriages. The other ftreets are 
 from 90 to no feet v/idc. In order to 
 execute this plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true 
 meridional line by celeftial obfervation, 
 which palTes through the area intended for 
 the capitol. This line he crofled by an- 
 other, running due E and W, which pafles 
 through the fame area. Thefe lines were 
 accurately meafured and made the bafes 
 on which the whole plan was executed. 
 He ran all the lines by a tranfit iiiftru- 
 ment, and determined the acute angles by 
 a-ftual meafurement, leaving nothing to 
 the uncertainty of the compafs. The city 
 contained in 1803, about 880 houfes, 350 
 of brick, aaid a few of ftone, the reft are 
 of wood; many of thefe houfes are large 
 and handfome. Thefe buildings are In j 
 feparate divHions or villages, one is near 
 the capitol, one near the navy yard, 
 one at Greenleaf's Point, one Tiear the 
 Prefident's houfe, and one near George- 
 towH. Thi$ laft is the fmalleft, and that 
 
 at Greenleaf's Point is the moft folltary. 
 Of 7 ranges of buildings, each having froni 
 Z to 4 tenements, a and 3 ftories high, 
 not more than 3 are inhabited, all the oth- 
 er large and elegant buildings are falling 
 into ruins. Of a6 brick houfes, a ftorles 
 high near the capitol, not more than 3 or 
 
 4 are habitable. The others are rapidly 
 decaying, Tliere are 3 places for public 
 worfliIp,one for Roman Catholics, one for 
 Baptfts, and one for Epifcopalians. Dun- 
 ing the fellion of Congrefs tlie chaplains 
 arc permitted to preach in the reprcl'enta- 
 tives' room. The hall of the treafury de- 
 partment is alfo occahonallyufed forpublic 
 worfliip. The Prelident's houfe Is 170 by 
 85 feet, two ftories high. It is built of free 
 v.'hite ftonc, the roof covered with flate. 
 The plan of the capitol is to prefcnt, when 
 completed, a front of 361 feet, but only 
 the N wing Is yet crc6ted. The Hotel 
 ftands at the corner of 7th and 8th ftreets, 
 extending 60 feet on the firft, 120 on the 
 other. The building is of brick, the 
 bafemcnt is of cut white ftonc, 10 feet 
 high, halt' of which is under ground. It 
 is three ftories high; the firft and ftcond 
 are 14 feet high, tlie third is eleven. The 
 gaol is too fett by i6, two ftories high, the 
 Iirft 9 the fecond 8 feet high. In the ci- 
 ty are three market houfes. At the navy 
 yard are three large brick buildings for 
 the reception of naval ftores. Barrack* 
 are ereAed for the marines, having a 
 front of 3C0 feet. A canal, connetStm^ 
 Tiber creek with the Eaftern Branch, has 
 bteii partially executed for a number of 
 years ; the tide flows into it 5 or 6 Inches 
 deep. At Greenleaf's Point i? a powder 
 magazine and a guard houfe. Two 
 bridges are built over Rock crtek, which 
 divides the city from Georgetown. The 
 bridge near the mouth of the creek hag 
 three arches, is about 135 feet in length, 
 and 36 wide. The other, 630 yards a- 
 bove, is fupported by piles, is about aSo 
 feet long and 18 wide. The public olli- 
 ces occupy two buildings, each about 450 
 feet from the Prefident's houfe, and hav- 
 ing a front of 120 feet, 60 feet wide, two 
 ftories high, with a white ftone bafement 
 
 5 or 6 feet above the furface of the 
 ground ; each ftory is 16 feet high. The 
 treafury department has erc&itd two 
 buildings, each two ftories high, for the ac- 
 commodationof Itsmefiengers,&c. Wafh- 
 ingtnn, is feparated from Georgetown, ia 
 Montgomery co. Maryland, on the W by 
 Rock Creek, but that town is now with- 
 in the tejrritory of Columbia, It is 4Z 
 
 tailor 
 
WAS 
 
 WAT 
 
 miles S W by S of Baltimore, 876 from 
 Paffimaquoddy, in rhe diRridl: of Maine, 
 500 from Bofton, 248 from N.York, 144 
 from Philadelphia, 133 from Richmond, 
 in Virginia, 232 from Halifax, in N. Car- 
 olina, 630 from Charlcrton, S. Carolina, 
 and 794 from Savannah, in Georgia. 
 
 Wajbington College^ in Maryland. See 
 . Cbejicrtoivn, 
 
 Wajb'wgtcn D'frili, the territory in Ten- 
 eflee, over which the jurildi^tion of the 
 Superior Court of law and equity extends, 
 contains the counties ot Sulivan, Wafliing- 
 ton. Green, H iwkins and Carter. It has 
 35,583 inhabitants, iuciucing 2514 flaves. 
 
 PVaJhingtonja. poft town in Culpcpperco. 
 Virginia, 79 miles from Wafliington City. 
 
 IVaJhington^ Fort.xw the ftate of Ohio, is 
 lituated on the N hank of the river O- 
 hio, wcftward of Little Miami river, and 
 45 miles N W of Wafliington, in Ken- 
 tucky. See Cincinnati. 
 
 IVaJhington, Mount^ a fmall townfhip of 
 MafTachuletts, Berkfliire co. in the 3 W 
 corner of the ftate,it was Incorporated in 
 1779, and contains 914 inhabitants. 
 
 Wafiington^ Mount, one of the White 
 Mountains of N. Hampfhire, which 
 makes fo majefiic an appearance all a- 
 long the fliore of the eaftcrn counties of 
 
 MaflachufettS. See White Mountains. 
 
 Wiijbitigtvns IJlcimh, on the N W coafl 
 of N. America. The largefl is of a trian- 
 gular fiiape, the point ending on the 
 fouthvvard at Cape St. James's, in N lat. 
 51 58. Sandy Point, at its N E extremi- 
 ty, is in lat. 54 %% N. Its longitude W 
 extends from Hope Point, the N W ex- 
 tremity, 226 37, to Sandy Point, in 12S 
 45. Port Ingraham, Perkins, and Magee 
 Sound, lie on the weflern fide of the ifl- 
 and ; on the eaftern fide are the following 
 ports from N to S ; Skeetkifs, or Skitkifs 
 Harbour, Port Cummafhawa, Kleiws 
 Point, Smoke Port, Kanfkceno Point, 
 Port Geyers, Port Ueah, and Port Stur- 
 gis. Capt. Cook, when he paffed this ifl- 
 and, fuppofed it to be a part of the con- 
 tinent, as the weather at the time was 
 tWick, and the wind boifterous, which 
 obliged him to keep out at fea, till he 
 made the weftern cape of the continent 
 in about lat. 55 N. Capt. Dixon difcov- 
 cred thefe illands in 1787, and named 
 them Queen Charlotte's Iflands. Capt. 
 Gray difcovered them in 1789, and call- 
 ed them Wafliingtou's Iflands. There are 
 three principal iflands, befide many fmall 
 ones. It is conjc<5tured that they make a 
 part of the Archipelago of St, Lazarus. 
 
 W.ipcmafcin, an ifland in th^e Gulf ol 
 St. Lawrence, on the ci.afl: ot Labrador. 
 N lat. 50 3, W Ion, 59 SS- 
 
 WaJJ'a"ju IJland. See Warfaiv. 
 
 Wataguaki Ijles, on the coafl of I^abra- 
 dor, and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, lie 
 near the fliore, N E of Ounpitougan Ifle, 
 and S W of Little Mecatina, about 10 or 
 IS leagues from cac!i. 
 
 WjtJiiga, a river of Tenefl^ee, which 
 rifcs in Bin ke county, N. Carolina, aad 
 falls into Halfloa river, 15 milea above 
 Loiig I. 
 
 Watch Point, lies to the northward of 
 Fiflic^r's Ifland, in Long ifland Sound, and 
 W S W 7 leagues from Block Ifl^uid. 
 
 Watdhoo, an iflinJ in the South Pacific 
 Ocean ; a beautiful fpot, about 6 mile* 
 long and a broad. N lat. 20 i, W ion. 
 158 15. 
 
 Wuterhoro:!gh^ a pofl to^vn in York co. 
 Maine, 580 miles from Wafliington, lying 
 on and bounded N by Litiu Oiltpee 
 river, E by Phillipfburgh aad W by 
 Shapleigh. 1'he fources of the North- 
 erly branch of Moufom River arc nx 
 this town, and pafs foutherly through 
 Alfred into Wells 
 
 Wjterbori/iigh,!i townfliip ofthe diflricl 
 of Maine, York co. on Moufom river, 15 
 miles N W of Wells, and no from Bof- 
 ton. It was infforporattd in 1787, and 
 contains 905 inhabitants. 
 
 Waterbury, a townfliip of Vermont, in 
 Chittenden CO. feparated from Dujcbury 
 on the S W by Onion river. I^ contain* 
 , 93 inhabitants. 
 
 I Waterbury, the N wc'leJnmcfl: town- 
 I fhip of New Haven co. Crnrr-tTbicm, call- 
 ed by the Indians Mutrelvck. It was fet- 
 tled in 1671, and is divided into the par- 
 iflies of Northbury, Salem, and S. Britain. 
 
 Waterei, a branch of Saniee river, S. 
 Carolina. 
 
 Waterford, a town in Caledonia county, 
 Vermont, formerly Littleton, which fee. 
 
 IVaterford, a port town in York county, 
 Maine, 95 miles N of York, and 651 from 
 Wafliington. Crooked River runs 
 through this town on its N eafterlyCde, 
 and pafles S eaflerly through Otisfield 
 and Raymond into Sebakook pond. 
 
 Waterford, or Le Beuf, a poft town in 
 Crawford co. Pennfylvania, 372 miles 
 .from Wafhington. 
 
 Waterfordy a poft town in Loudon co. 
 Virginia, 55 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 Waterford, a new townfliip in York co. 
 diftricl of Maine, incorporated February, 
 
 IV at erf or d'^ 
 
WAT 
 
 W E A 
 
 WuterforJ, a new townfliip in York co. 
 Maine, incorporated FelTTuary, 1797- 
 
 Waterford, a townfliip of Gloucefter co. 
 New Jerfey. 
 
 Waterford^ a neat village of N. York, in 
 the townfliip of Half Moon, which fee. 
 
 Waterlandy an ifland in the S. Pacific 
 Ocean, fo named by Le Maire. S lat. 14 
 46, W long. 144 10. 
 
 Waterquech'ie^ or ^echy^ a fmall river 
 of Vermont, which empties into Connec- 
 ticut River in Hartland. 
 
 )Vaterto'wny a very pleafant town in 
 Middlefex co. MaiTac'hufetts, 7 miles weft 
 by north-weft of Bofton. Charles River 
 is navigable for boats to this town, 7 
 miles from its mouth in Bofton harbour. 
 The townfliip contains 1,091 inhabit- 
 ants, and wjiS incorporated in 1 630. That 
 celebrated apoftle oF the Indians, the Rev. 
 Mr. EUot, relates that in the year 1670, 
 a ftrange phenoriienon r.ppearcd in a great 
 pond at Watertowa, where the fifli all 
 died; and as many as could, thruftthem- 
 fclves on fliore, and there died. It was 
 cftimatcd that not lefs than 20 cart-loads 
 lay dead at (mtc round the pond. An 
 eel was found alive in the fandy border 
 tof the pond, and upon being caft again 
 into its natural element, it wriggled out 
 again, as faft as it could, and died on the 
 iliore. The cattle, accuftomed to the 
 water, refufed to drink it for 3 days, after 
 which they drank as ufual. When the 
 jfifli began to come afiiore, before they 
 died, many were taken, both by Englifli 
 and Indians, and eaten without any in- 
 ^iury. 
 
 IVatertoivn, a townfliip in Litchfield co. 
 Conne(5t! cut; It is about a6 miles N N W 
 •f New Haven. 
 
 Water Vliet, ah eitenfive townfliip of 
 New York, Albany co. on the W lide of 
 Hudfon River, and includes the village 
 of Hamilton, and the i Hands in the river 
 iieareft the W fide. It is bounded W by 
 the manor of Renflelaerwyck, and con- 
 tained, in 17 90, 7,419 inhabitants, includ- 
 ing 707 llavcs. In 1796, there were 600 
 «f the inhabitants qualified elector*. 
 
 Watlund IJIand, one of the Bahama Ifl- 
 ands in the Weft Indies. Tiie S point is 
 in lat. 24 N, and long. 74 W. 
 
 I'Vatfon^ Fort, in S. Carolina, was fitu- 
 ated on the N E bank of Santee River, 
 abput halfway between the mouth of the 
 Congaree and Nelfon's Fort, on the bend 
 of the river oppofite the Eutaw Springs, 
 Its garrifou of 1x4 men being bcHeged 
 bv Gen. Greene, furxcndcrcd in April, 
 
 1781. He then marched with his itvii^ 
 force againfl Camden, higher up tht 
 river. 
 
 JVaukeayue, a village In the townfliip of 
 Sullivan, in the Diftri^of Maine, 9 mile* 
 from Defert Ifland. 
 
 Waivafmh^ z. village in New York, oa 
 Rondout ICill, a branch of Walkill, 7 mile* 
 W of New Pakz, and la S W of Efopus. 
 
 IVaivimchtanos, and T%uichtiveesy two In- 
 dian tribes, rcfiding chiefly between Sci- 
 ota and Wabafli Rivers. 
 
 iVayne, a county in the N W Territory, 
 laid out in the fall of 1796, now a terri- 
 torial jurifdi(5tion, having 3,206 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 W'ayne^ a couiity of Newbern diftrlcftj 
 N. Carolina ; bounded N by Edgecomb, 
 and S by Giafgow. It contains 6,133 in- 
 habitants, inclufive of 1,557 flavcs. 
 
 JVayne^ A towndiip of Mifflin CO, Pcnn- 
 fylvania. 
 
 U'''ayne, Fort^ in the N W Territory, i» 
 fituated at the head of the Miami of the 
 Lake, near the Old Miami Villages, at the 
 confluence of St. Jofeph's and St. Mary's. 
 Rivers. It is a fquare fort with baftion* 
 at each angle, with a ditch and parapet, 
 and could contain 500 men, but has onlj- 
 300 with 16 pieces of cannon. It is ij© 
 miles N by W of Cincinnati, and 200 W 
 by S of Fort Defiance. The Indians ced- 
 ed to the U. States a iradt of land 6 milc» 
 fquare, where this fort ftands, at the late 
 treaty of peace at Greenville* 
 
 JVayneJhorough, a poft town of NortJx 
 Carolina, 24 miles from Kingfton, 50 S i 
 from Raleigh, and 498 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Waynejhot oiigh , a poft town in Burk CO. 
 
 Georgia, 30 miles S of Augufta, 25 N E of 
 Louifville. No river of confequence paf- 
 fes near this town ; yet being the place 
 where both the fuperior and inferior 
 courts are held, it is in a profperous con- 
 dition. 
 
 IVeare, a townfliip of New Hampfliirc. 
 fituated in Hillfborough county, 18 miles 
 fouthwefterly of Concord, 60 W of Purti- 
 mouthi and 70 N W of Bofton. It wa* 
 incorporated in 1764, and coiUaincd ia, 
 1790 1,924 inhabitants. 
 
 Weathersfield^ a townfliip of Windfor CO. 
 Vermont, on the W lide of Conne^ftlcut 
 River, between Windfor on the N, and 
 Springfield on the S. Afcutncy Moun- 
 tain lies partly in this townfliip, and iu 
 that of Windfor. It is a flourifliing town, 
 aud contained In 1790 1,097 inhabitant*. ^ 
 
 V/eathitsfiddy a poft town of C(»nne<fll- 
 cut, plcafantly fituated in HartJford co. 
 
W E L 
 
 E 1.' 
 
 ♦n the W lidc of CcnnctEHcut River, 4 
 miles S of Hartford, 11 N of Middleton, 
 36 N by E of New Haren, and 218 N E 
 of Philadelphiri. This town was fettled 
 hi 1635 or 1636, by emigrants from Dor- 
 fikcfter in MalTachufetts, and has a fertile 
 4ind luxuiiant foil. It cor.fiftsof between 
 oco and 300 houfes, and has a very ele- 
 gant brick meeting-houfc for Congrega- 
 tionalifls. The inhabitants are generally 
 •wealthy farmers ; and belide the cora- 
 men produ'iC'ons of the country, raifc 
 great quantities cf onions, which are ex- 
 ported to oiiT-^Mst parts of the U. States, 
 ind to the Weft ludicsi 
 
 IVeMuilc'jieau Toiuns, Indian villages on 
 Waballx River, dcftroyed by Generals 
 Scort and Wllkinfon, in 179T, 
 
 Wi;aus, or Weess, an Indiun tribe whofe 
 towns lie on the head waters of Wabaih 
 River. At the treaty of Greenville they 
 ceded a tradTt of land, 6 miles fquare, to 
 the United States. 
 
 W^taier's Lah, in the State of N. York, 
 3 miles N W of Lake Otfcgo. It 13 2 
 ihiles long; and i\ broad. 
 
 Webhamet River ^ in Maine, is the prin- 
 cipal entr.-ncc by wat«r to the town of 
 Wells, in York comity. It has 2 barred 
 harbour. 
 
 Weclqudaiil^ a Moravian fettlcmcnt 
 made by the United Brethren, in Penn- 
 fylvania, behind the Blue Mountains. 
 In 176c, the Bethlehem congregation 
 purchafed 1400 acres of land f<ir the 
 Chriflian Indians. In 1763, it was de- 
 ftroycd by white favages, wha inhabited 
 near Lancader ; they iikcwifc murdered 
 many of the peaceable Indians icided 
 here. It was finally deftroyed by the 
 Americans d«ring the late war. It lies 
 aho'.it 30 miles N VV by Wof Beti.'.ehem. 
 
 WnjenLerg, a townfliip of Northampton 
 CO. PenmVlvania. 
 
 Welch Mt^n'itti'ms arefituated in ChePcr 
 CO. Pcnnfylvania. Belides other flreams, 
 Brandywuie Creek rifes here. 
 
 IVelcb Tra6ii a fmall territory of Pcnn- 
 fylvania, fo named becaufc iirlt fettled by 
 Wvlchmen. There are a niimbcr of Irnail 
 towns in it, a» H;iverford-WtR, Merion- 
 eth, &:c. It is pretty thickly inhcihitrd 
 hv an induftrious, hardy and thtivinir 
 ->coplc. |! 
 
 Welc-.ns, Sir T/jones R-es, or ..Y^ Ultra, \\ 
 
 \ay or ftrait in that part of Hudfon's 
 
 \ which runs up to the N round 
 
 ^Cape Southampton, op'niiig between 
 
 and 63 N. On tiic W or N fiiorc 
 
 '^r head land, called the iiope by 
 
 VliUdlcton, ill lat. 66 jo N, 
 
 Wslipd, a townfliip of Maffachufett?,, 
 in Barnftable co. on the pcninfuli called 
 Cape Cod; S E from Boftcr., diftant by 
 land 105 miles, by water 60, and from 
 Plymouth light-lioufe 8 leagues. The 
 harbour is large, indented within w^ith 
 creek-*, where veflela of 70 or 80 tons 
 may lie fafe in what is called the Deep 
 Hole. The Lind is barren, and the tim- 
 ber is fmall pitch-pine and oak. Itefoie 
 it was incorp:irated in 1763, it was call- 
 ed the Nntth Prgchif.f of Eaftlam, and 
 was originally included in the Indian 
 Skenheit ?A\<S FavieU In 1790, h cftntaintd 
 II 17 inhabitants. Since the i^Vetnory of 
 people now living, there have been in this 
 fmall town 30 pair of twins, bcfkles two 
 births that produced three t'*r\iy Th? 
 method of killing gulls in the gull houfe» 
 is, no doubt, an Indian invc?ation, and al- 
 fo that of k'lling hires and few! upon th« 
 beach in dark nignts. The gull houfe \^ 
 built with crotchets fixed in the ground 
 on the beach, and covered widi poles, 
 the Tides being covered with IVakes and 
 fea-wecd, and the poles on the top cov- 
 ered witlv lean «'ha!c. The man being, 
 placed within, is not difcovercd by the 
 fowls, and while they are contending 
 for and eating the iiTh, he draws theni 
 in one by one between the poic>, until 
 he lias collected 40 or 50. This num- 
 ber has ofien been taken m a morning. 
 The method of killing fmall birds and' 
 fowl that perch on the beach, is by mak- 
 ing a light ; the preitnt mode is with 
 hog's lard in a frying pan: but the In- 
 dians are fuppo.''ed to have ui'ed a pine 
 tarch, Birds, in a dark- night, will flock 
 to ih« light, and may be killed with a 
 walk.iug-canc. It muft be curious to a 
 countryman who lives at a diftancc 
 from the fea, to be acquainted with 
 the method of killing black-fifli. Th^ir 
 fizc is from 4 to 5 tons weight, when 
 full grov;n. When they come v^ithin 
 the hari5;)ur9, boats lurround them, a. id 
 they art as cafiiy driven on Ihore,. as 
 cattle or fliecp are driven on the land. 
 The tide lenvts them, and they are ealily 
 killed. They are a hfli of the whale 
 kii.d, and will average a barrel of oil 
 each : 4C0 have been fecn at one time on 
 the fliorc. Gl late years thefe fifii rarely 
 cc^me into the harbours. The inhabit- 
 ants own 25 veflels from 30 to ico tons, 
 eraiployed in the whale, cod, and macke- 
 rel fiflicrjjes, and in carrying oyflcrs to 
 Bof^'on. 
 
 IVdlt^ a fmall, but rapid river of Vcr- 
 
 ir*oiit. 
 
WEN 
 
 WES 
 
 «K>nt, which, after a f}\ort S I cnurfe, | 
 ^■np'ties into Connedlicut River, below « 
 ihe Narrows^ and in the N E corner of 1 
 Jv'ewbury. Its ir.outh is 40 yards wide, 
 
 on the coaft of Peru, W of Cape Fran- 
 cs fco. 
 
 IVfTitrvortl., a townfliip of New Hamp- 
 fiiire, Grafton co, containing 488 inh?,bit- 
 
 IVeils^ a towniliip cf Vermont, Rutland [ ants. It was incorporated in 1766, and is 
 
 S E of Oxford, adjoining. 
 
 JVefcl^ a village of N. Jerfev, Eilex c©. 
 on Pallaick River, a miles N W of Ac- 
 quakcnunk, and 5 Wof Hackinfack. 
 l-Vefo'U'r/lea^, the Indian name of St. 
 
 I Georgf,'s River, in Lincoln co. Maine. 
 
 1 ^Vcjl, or IFantaJiiqiiei, a riv«r of Ver- 
 mont, has its main fource in Bromley, 
 about 3 miles S E from the head of Otter 
 Creek. After receiving 7 or 8 fmaller 
 ftreams, and running about 37 miles, it 
 falls into Connedlicut River at Brattle- 
 borough. It is the largcfi of the ftreanii 
 on the £ fide of the Green Mountains; 
 and at its mouth is ?ibout 1$ rods wide, 
 and 10 or 12 feet deep. A number of 
 figures, or infer iptions are yet to be feca 
 upon the recks at the mouth of this riv- 
 er, fceming to allude to the affairs of war 
 among the Indians : but their rudencf* 
 and awkv/ardnefs denote that the form- 
 erg of them were at a great remox'e from 
 the knowledge of any alphabet. 
 
 Wcf.hcrough, a townfliip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, Worcefter co, 34 miles W S W of 
 Bofton, and 13 E of Worcefler, was in- 
 corporated in 1717, and contains 922 in- 
 habitants. Among other lingular occur- 
 rences in the Indian wars, the ftrar.ge for- 
 tune of Silas and Timothy Rice is worthy 
 of notice. They were ions of Mr. Ed- 
 mond Rice, one of the firfi: fcttlers In this 
 tov/n, and carried off by the Indians, Au- 
 gufl: 8, 1704, the one 9, the other 7 year$ 
 of age. They loft their mother tongue, 
 had Indian wives, and children by them, 
 and lived at Ca^naivaga, Silas was named 
 Tvokanoivras^ and lirnothy, Oughifoton- 
 gnvghton. Timothy recommended himlelf 
 fo much to the Indians by liis pcnttraticu, 
 courage, ftrength, and warlike fpirit,th\t 
 he arrived to be the third of the 6 chitia 
 of the Cagnatvagas. In 1740, he cama 
 down to fee his friends. Re viewed the 
 houfe where Mr. Rice dwelt, and the 
 place wiience he with the other children 
 were captivated,of both which he retair- 
 ed a clear reniembrance; as lie did likewi'e 
 of feveral elderly pcrfons who were then 
 living, though he had forgot the Enjli^'i 
 language. He returned to Canada, and, 
 it is faid, was the chief who made the 
 fpeech to Gen. Gage, in behalf of the 
 Cagnav.'agas, after the reduiflion of Mont- 
 real. Thefe men were aiive in I'i'^o. 
 
 4:0. betv/cen Pawlet and Poaltney, and 
 contains 2,125 inhabitants. LakeSt.Auf- 
 tin lies hi this towniliip, and is 3 miles 
 long. ?nd J broad. 
 
 IVdls, a poft town of Maine, York co. 
 on the bay of its name, about half way 
 between Biddeford -And York, and 08 
 jniles N by E of Bofton, 441 from Phila- 
 delphia, and 575 from Wafhington. This 
 townCbJp is about lo miles long, and 7 
 broad ^ was incorporated in 1653, and 
 <:ontaias 2>-J^9'^ iniiabitsnts. It is bound- 
 ed S E by that part of the fea called 
 WelJs Bay, and N E by Kenncbunk Riv- 
 er, which fcparates it from Arundel. 
 The fmall river Negunket, perhaps form- 
 erly Oguntiquit, has no navigation, nor 
 mills of any value, but noticed, about 
 150 years ago, as the boundary hetv/cen 
 York and Wells. The tide through Pif- 
 cataqua Bay urges itfelf into the marfli- 
 cs at Welb, a few miles E of Negun- 
 ket, and forms a harbour for fmall 
 vefTels. Further E in this townfhlp the 
 {mail river Moufom is found coming 
 from ponds of that ni,me about 20 males 
 from the fea. Several mills arc upon the 
 river, and the inhabitants have opened a 
 harbour by means of a caaal. Webha- 
 met River is the principal entrance to 
 this town by water. 
 
 JVells £ay, in the townfiiip abcTC men- 
 tinned, jics between Crapes Porpoife and 
 Kcddock. The courfc from the latter to 
 Welii Car, is N by E 4 leagues. 
 
 M^eUs Falls, in Delaware River, lie 13 
 miles N.W of Trento», New Jerfey. 
 
 Wendell^ a townfliip of M.uTachufctfs, 
 Hampfliite co. 90 miles N W of Bofton. 
 It was incorporated in 1781, and contains 
 737 inhabitants. 
 
 Wendell, a townfliip of N. Kampfliire, 
 Chelhire co. about 15 miles N K of 
 Charlcftown, containing 355 inhabitants-. 
 It was called Savillc, before its inci)rpo- 
 rntion in 1781. 
 
 JVcnham, a townHiip of MafTachufetts, 
 EfTcx CO. between Ipfwich and Beverly ; 
 cti miles N E by N of Bofton. It was in- 
 corporated in 1643, ^^^"^ contains 476 in- 
 iiabitants. Here is a large pond, well 
 ftored with fifti, from which, and its vi- 
 cinity to Salem, it was called £«<?«, by the 
 iirft iettlers, l 
 
 ^/inxi^n, ^ne of the GaUipago Iflaiids, [ 
 
W E & 
 
 WES 
 
 \ 
 
 ■ Wefthury^ a townfliip in L. Canada, on 
 the S b^nk of St. Francis River, N E of 
 Afcct, ar-d had only three or four fami- 
 lies in T803. 
 
 Weji River Mouniairiy in N. Hampfhirc, 
 in the t(wnfhip of Cheflerfield,h'es cppo- 
 fite to the mouth of Weft River ; and 
 from this part of Connedlicut River to 
 Pifcataqua Harbour on the E, is 90 miles, 
 the broadeft part of the State. Here are 
 vifible appearances of volcanic erup- 
 tions. AliO'Jt the year 1730, the garri- 
 fon of Fort Dummer, 4 miles diftant, was 
 alanred by frequent er.plofions of fire 
 and fmokc, emitted by the mountain. 
 Similar appearances have been obferved 
 fmce. 
 
 Wcjl Bay, a large bay of Lake Superi- 
 or, at its weficrnrnoft extremity, having 
 the i^ ifies at its mouth. It receives St. 
 Louis River from the W. 
 
 WeJi Bethlehem^ a townfhip of Waililjlg- 
 ton CO. Pennfylvania. 
 
 IVefi Bridge-water y a poft town in Ply- 
 mouth CO. Mafiachufctts. 
 
 JVeJl Chejier^ a county of New York, 
 hounded N by Dutchcfs, S by Long Ifl- 
 and Sound, W by Hudfon River, and E 
 by the State of Connecticut. It includes 
 Captain's 1/lands, and all the iOands in 
 the found to the E of Froga Neck, and to 
 the northward of the main chann^.'l, It 
 contains -27423 inhabitant?. 
 
 Wejl defer, the chief tnwnfliip of the 
 nbove county; lyingpartly in the Sound, 
 about 15 miles eaftcrfy of N. York city. 
 It v.-asmuch impoveriflied in the late war, 
 and contains 997 i^ihaoitants. 
 
 Wef. Chficr, the chief town of Chefter 
 CO. Pennfylvania. containing about $0 
 houfcs, a court-houi'e, ilone gaol, and a 
 Roman Catholic church. It is about 25 
 milfS W of Philadelphia. 
 
 W.firiy^ a poft town on the fea-coafl: 
 of Wafiiington co. Rhode liland, and fep- 
 ariitcd from Stoningfon in Connecticut 
 hy Paucatuck River, 36 miles W by S of 
 Newport. The inhabitants carry on a 
 ^riik coafting trade, and are exitnfively 
 ^gaged in the lilhery. The townfliip 
 cy.tain.s 2,329 inliabitants. 
 
 Wef:ern, a townfliip of Maffachufctts, 
 in t'^e S W corner of Worccfler co. 25 
 iniie:\E of Springfichl, and 6<; S W by S 
 «r" Bo^on. Inhabitants 979. 
 
 Wcf^rn, Foit, in Maine, was ere(5led in 
 1752, on the eafl: bank of the fmall fall 
 which terminates the navigation of Kcn- 
 ^ebeck River. It is 18 miles from Ta- 1 
 Cor.ntt i'al!. StC Kcnndal Ri-ucr, It is ' 
 
 in the townfliip of Augnfl^, Kcnncbccl^ 
 CO. A company was incorporated \n^ 
 Feb. 1796, to build abridge over the riy-t 
 er at this place. 
 
 IVefetn Frecin^/m Soroerfct CO, N. Jcr- 
 fey, contained in 1790, 1,875 inhabitants. 
 
 Weffeld, a townlhip of Vermont, Or- 
 leans CO. S of Jay. 
 
 Weffeldy a pleafant ppfl town of Maf- 
 fachufetts, Hampfliire co. on the river of 
 this name, in a curious vale, xo miles W 
 of Springrield, 34 E of Stockbridgc, 52 S 
 W of Worccfter, 105 V/ S \Y of Bofton, 
 and 4 CO from Wafliington. It contains a 
 Congregational church, an academy, and 
 about 50 or 60 compadl houfes. The 
 townfliip waa incorporated in 1669, and 
 contains 2,185 inhabitants. 
 
 WePfield, a fmall river which rifes it; 
 Bcrkfliire co. Maflachufetts, and runs 
 nearly a S E courfe through Middlefield, 
 Weflfield, and Weft Springfield, where it 
 empties into the ConnecHiicut, by a mouth, 
 about "TyO yards wide. 
 
 Weftfcld^ a poU town of Ncav York, Sar-r 
 atoga CO. bounded S by Kingfoury,and N 
 by Whitehall. It contains 2 J02 inhabit- 
 ants. It lies E of I^ake George. 
 
 IVeffidd, in Richmond co. New Yorkj, 
 containing 1,208 inhabitants. 
 
 JVeJtJicld, a fmall tovyn in EfTcx co. New 
 Jerfey, containing a Prefbyterian churchy 
 and about 40 compacfl houfes. It is about 
 7 or 8 miles W of Elizabeth Town. 
 
 If^cjl Florida. See Lonifiana. 
 
 V/tf.fordy a townfliip of Vermont, in 
 Chittenden co, N E of Co'chefter, adjoin-* 
 ing, and contain.^? 648 inhal)itants. 
 
 iVefford, a poft town cf Maflachufetrs, 
 in Middlefex co. 28 mile.s N W pf Boftonj 
 and contains 1,267 inhabitants. In the 
 year 1792- an academy was cftablifliecj 
 here. 
 
 IVe/} Grecnivich, a townfliip in Kent CO. 
 Rhode Ifland, containing 1,757 inhabit-, 
 ants. 
 
 W-.fbam^ a fmall town of Virginia, Hen- 
 rlc.) CO. on the N bank of James' River^ 
 6 miles N W by W of Richmond. Here 
 Benedidt Arnold deftroyed one of the 
 lliieft foundaries for cannon in America,^ 
 a,ad a large quantity of ftores and cannon, 
 in Jan. 17 81, 
 
 W.Jihanfton^ Z poft town in Suffolk co. 
 New York, 329 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 JVeJfhayipian, a townlliip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, Hampfliire to. 7 miles weftcrly of 
 Northampton. It contains 756 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 IV,JI Hark'urj «n the S coaft of the i fl- 
 an^ 
 
W ^ 3 
 
 WES 
 
 and of Jamaica, is to the N of Portland 
 point. There is good anchorage, but ex- 
 pofed to S and S E winds* 
 
 IVeJi Haven, a pirifli of the townfliipof 
 New Ha\'cn, in Conncdicut, pleafantly 
 fituated on the Harbour and Sound, 3 
 miles W S W of the city. 
 
 fVcf Indies^ a multitude of ifiands be- 
 tween N. and S. America, which were fo 
 named at fir ft, on the prefumption that 
 they extended lb as form a connexion 
 with thofe of the Eaft Indies. The falla- 
 cy of the fuppnfition was foon difcovered ; 
 the name, however, has been retained, 
 to prevent confufion in geographical ac- 
 counts of the ifiands. The continent was 
 alfo fomctimes called by this name, till its 
 natural divilion being more attended to, it 
 obtained a diftindl appellation. Sec Carib- 
 bee IJlands and Antilles. They lie in the 
 form of a bow, or femicirclc, ftretching 
 almcfl from the coaft of Florida N, to the 
 river Oronoko, in the main continent of 
 S. America. Such as are worth cultiva- 
 tion, now belong to five European pow- 
 ers, viz. Great Britain, Spain, france, 
 Holland, and Denmark. 
 
 The Bntijh claim 
 Jamaica, Nevis, 
 
 Barbadocs, Montferrat, 
 
 St. Chriftophers, Barbuda, 
 Antigua, Anguilla, 
 
 Grenada, and the Bermudas, 
 
 Grenadines, The Bahama Jilands. 
 
 Pominica, 
 St. Vincent, 
 
 Sf>ain claims 
 Cuba Trinidad, 
 
 Porto Rico, Margaretta. 
 
 The French claim 
 (St. Domingo, or Guadalrupe, 
 
 Hifpaniola is St. Lucia, 
 
 independent.) Tobago. 
 MartiiMCO, 
 
 The Dutch claim 
 St. Euftatia, Curaffou, or Curacoa. 
 
 Saba, 
 
 Denmark claims 
 St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John's. 
 
 Sivcd^n alfo polT'efles 
 The fmall ifland of St. Bartliolompw. 
 
 The climate in all the Wefl-lndia ill- 
 ands is nearly the fame, allowing for 
 chofe accidental differences which the 
 fevcral fituatjons and qualities of the 
 lands themfelves produce. As they lie 
 within the tropics, and the fun goes quite 
 over their heads, p^.fling beyond them to 
 tht north, and never returning farther 
 ^oin any of then> than about 30 deorees 
 
 to the fouth, they would be continually 
 fubje(5led to an extreme and intolerable 
 heat, if the trade winds, rifing gradually 
 as the fun gathers ftrength, did not blow 
 in upon them from the fea, and refrefh 
 the air in fuch a manner, as to enable 
 them t» attend their concerns even under 
 the meridian fun, On the other hand, 
 as the night advances, a breeze begins tQ 
 be perceived, which blows fmartly from 
 the land, as it were from the centre, to- 
 wards the fea, to all points of the com- 
 pafs at once. By the fame remarkable' 
 Providence in the difpofing of things, it 
 is, that when the fun has made a great 
 progrefs towards the tropic of Cancer, 
 and becomes in a manner vertical, he 
 draws after him a vafl: body of clouds, 
 which fliield them from his direcl beams, 
 and diiToIying into rain, cool the air, and 
 refrefli the country, thirfty with the long 
 drought, which commonly prevails frcn^ 
 the beginning of January to the latter 
 end of May. The rains malce the only 
 diftindlion of feafons in the Weft hadies ; 
 the trees ?rc green the whole year round ; 
 they have no cold, no frofts, no fnows, 
 and but rarely fpme hail ; the ftorms of 
 hail are, however, very violent when they 
 happen, and the hail-ftones very great and 
 heavy. The grand ftaplc commodity of 
 the W. Indies is fugar. The Portuguefe 
 were the firft who cultivated it in Amer- 
 ica. The juice of the fugar-cane is the 
 moft lively, excellent, and the leaft cloy- 
 ing fweet in nature. They compute, that 
 when things are well managed, the rum 
 and molafles pay the charges of the plan- 
 tation, and the fugars are clear gain. The 
 quantity of rum and molafles exported 
 from all the Britifli Weft India ifiands in 
 1789 to ail parts, was accurately as fol- 
 lows: Rum, 9,491,177 gallons, of which 
 1,485,461 gallons came to the United 
 States; Molalle?, 21,192 gallons, of which 
 1000 gallons came to the United Stares. 
 The negroes in the plantations are fub- 
 fifted at a very eafy rate. This is gener- 
 ally by allotting to each family of them a 
 fmall portion of land, and allowing them 
 tv/o days in the week, Saturday and Sun- 
 day, to cultivate it; fome arefubfifted in 
 this manner, but otiaers find theirnegroes 
 a certain portion of Indian or Guinc-^ 
 corri, and to fome a fait herring, or a cer- 
 tain portion of bacon or fait pork, a day- 
 All the reft of the charge confifts in a cap, 
 fliirt, a pair of breeches, and a blanket ; 
 and the profit of their labour yields on an 
 aver-^ge /^ic or £12 anuually. The price 
 
W E S 
 
 WES 
 
 mf men negroes, upon their firfl: arrival, is 
 from £so to ^^36 ; women and grown 
 hoys 5q/']cls; but fuch negro families as 
 are acquainted Tvitli the bufincfs of the 
 jflaudsy generally bring above £40 upon 
 an average one with another ; and there 
 are infiances of a iingle ne<:;ro man, expert 
 in the bufincfs, bringing 150 guineas ; and 
 the wealth of a planter is generally com- 
 puted from tlie number of flaves he pof- 
 fefies. hi the year irSy, the Moravi- 
 ans or United Brethren, had the following 
 number tn converted negro fiaves, inde- 
 pendent of thofe who attended divine 
 fcrvice. 
 
 In Antigua _ - - SA^S 
 
 In St. Kitts, a new mifiicn - 80 
 In Barbadoes and Jamaica about jco 
 In St. Thomas, St. Croix, and 
 
 St. John's, about - - 10,000 
 
 In Surrinam, (or the continent) 
 
 about _ . - - 4»o 
 fitlU living In the Weft Indies 
 
 and Surrinam - - 16,045 
 
 } Monf. Neckar ; but It is thought that the 
 negro flaves were doubled before the 
 commencement of the French revolution. 
 
 St. Domingo ia 1779 
 Martinico in i776 
 
 J^itfi. F. Eiacb. 
 
 ,650 
 ,619 
 
 7»055 
 1,050 
 
 Siffves- 
 149,098 
 
 10,75* 
 
 Io,75^ 
 10,539 
 
 Population Pfthe BtWJh IViji Indies 
 
 
 Whites. ' 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 30,000 
 
 Barbadoes 
 
 16,167 
 
 Grenada 
 
 1,000 
 
 St. Vincent 
 
 1*450 
 
 Dominica 
 
 i,z.l6 
 
 Antigua 
 
 '^,S9<^ 
 
 Montfcrrat 
 
 1,500 
 
 J^evis 
 
 ipco 
 
 St. Chriftophcr's 
 
 1,900 
 
 Virgin I lies 
 
 I,2CO 
 
 Bahamas 
 
 *,COO 
 
 Bermudas 
 
 5 -.4 6 a 
 
 Blacks. 
 250,000 
 62,115 
 23.926 
 II.S53 
 Jf 4.967 
 37,808 
 1 0,000 
 8,420 
 
 2c>435 
 9,000 
 
 2,241 
 4,9^9 
 
 Tola! 65,305 4553684 
 
 There is likewifc, in each of the idands, 
 .a number of perfons, of mixed blood, aud 
 native blacks of free condition. In Ja- 
 maica they are reckoned at io,oco ; and 
 about the fame number in the other ifl- 
 p-nds, taken collectively. The following 
 ftatemcnt was made in the Britifli Houfe 
 of C<vn-jiPons. Imports from the Britifli 
 Weft Indies in 1795, ^8,8oc,ooo fterl.— 
 revenue arifing therefrom, ^1,624,000 — 
 fliipping employed in that trade, 664 vef- 
 fels — tonnage, 153,000 — feamen, 8.000. 
 Exports from Great Britain to the WeO; 
 Indies, in 1794, ^3,700,000, employing 
 700 veiTels — tonnage, 177,000 — feamen, 
 12,000. Produce o^ the iilands imported 
 and re-exported, ^^3, 700,000. The fol- 
 lowing account cf the white inhabitants, 
 free negroes, and ilaves,in the French ifl- 
 ands is extracted from the ftatexncnt of 
 
 Gaudaloupc in 1779 13.^61 
 
 St. Lucia in 1776 i,397 
 Tolwgo (iappofefl'j 
 
 to be the fame >• 2,39; 
 
 as St. LuciaJ 3 
 
 Cay«n«e (jj.A.) i« »786 1,35! 
 
 63,681 i3,4ii» 437»73<S 
 The French writers ftate the number of 
 fliips employed in their Weft India trade 
 at 600, each on an average 300 tons— • 
 tlicir feamen at 15,000. Since their rev- 
 olution, their VV. India trade is JefTened^ 
 and is now almoft annihilated. The pro- 
 duce in 1785, was 160 millions of livrea. 
 TlicW.India trade waalhonght to beworth 
 to France about j(^400,ooo fterl. annually, 
 before the revolution. The value of th? 
 Sp^niili Weft India trade is blended with 
 that of America in general ; See Spanijb 
 America. The Danifti Weft India trad? 
 brings in a revenue to the King of Den- 
 mark of 133,000 dollars. The ifiands 
 arc dcfcribed under their rcfpecStivc 
 names. 
 
 IVeJi Lihittyy z poft town of Virginia, 
 and the capital of Ohio co. at the head of 
 Short Creek, 6 rr.iles from the Ohio. It 
 contains above lao houfes, a Preftjyteri- 
 ali church, a court- houfe and gaol. It 
 lies two miles W cf the Pennfylvania line, 
 18 N W of Wheeling, 23 W of Wafliing- 
 ton in Pcnnfylvania, and 348 W of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 }V,J} Main, the W fliore of Hudfon's 
 Bay in N. America is fo called, at leaft 
 that part of it called James Bay. See 
 Eiijl Mair. 
 
 JVefminpny^ townflilp of Worcefter co. 
 MalTachufetts, -was grdUted to thofe who 
 did fervice in tlieNarraganfet war, or their 
 heirs, in 1728, and was then ftyled Nar- 
 ragar.fcL No. 2. It was incorporated by- 
 its prefent name in 1759, ^^^ contains 
 2o,©oo acres of land, v^ell watered, and has 
 1,369 inhabitants. It is fttuated on the 
 height of lard between the rivers Merri- 
 mack and Connedlicut, having ftreams 
 arifing in thetown, and running into both. 
 It is about 5$ miles N W of Bofton, and 
 about 22 miles N of Worcefter. 
 
 IVrfminfieri a poft town of Windham 
 CO. Vermont, on Connedlicut River, op- 
 pofite Walpolc in New Hampfliire. It 
 contains 1,942 inhabitanr*. Scx:on's Elv- 
 er enters the ConreiHicut ia the N E cor"» 
 
WES 
 
 WES 
 
 icf of the tOT^nflMp, x2 miles N of Brat- j 
 tlcl)orough, i3 N W of Kccne, '59 ^ of j 
 Noithaniptdn, and 473 from Walhiagton. ' 
 
 Wffvimjf^er, the eafternmoft town _ of j 
 Frederick CO. jVTafyinnd, about a6 miles 
 N W; of Baltimore, and 47 N by E of 
 WAllvlngicn. Here i» s' poll oilicc, 
 
 /-i^c/^.rsrf, thevvcfterumoft to.va of Ef- 
 fex CO. Vermont. Willoughby Lake lies 
 in this townllii'p.' 
 
 WjjimoYetanJ, a county of Virginia, 
 bounded N and E by Patowniack River, 
 ■which divides if from Maryland, S E by 
 
 NorthumbtTlaud, S W by Richmond, and j James' Bay; 
 
 W^t-Jlon, a townfhip of ATafTachufetts, ift 
 Middiefcx co. 15 miles W of Bofton. It 
 was incorporated in 171a, and contains 
 i,oz7 inhabitants. 
 
 JVefofi, a tojvnfhip of Fair£eld co. Con- 
 necticut, N of Fairfield, adjoining. It har 
 a,68o inhabitants. 
 
 Wijlofiy a town in Bennington co. Ver- 
 mont, formed of the weftern part of Au- 
 dover and Benton's gore, and incorpora- 
 ted in 1799. It is contemplated to annex 
 Landcrrove to this townillip. 
 
 JVefotis Xfatids, groupes of illands ia 
 
 W by King George. It contained m 1 790, j 
 7,721 inhabitants, of v.- horn 44x5 were j 
 flave^. This county has the hoauur of j 
 havinji given birtli to George H^u/hhigtcrtt 1 
 firft Prclident of the United States. The | 
 court-houfe in this county is on the S I 
 bank of Patcmraac River, 10 miles N by | 
 E of Richmond. 
 
 IVrjImorefanJ, a county of Pennfylvanla, i 
 bounded N by Lycoming, and S by Fay- i 
 €tte CO. indi abounds with iron ore and j 
 coal. It contains 14 tovvnfliips, and \ 
 32,726 inhabitants. | 
 
 Wcfmoreland, a confiderablc townfiiip 
 of N, Hampfliirc, Cliefliire co. on the 
 eaflern bank of Corme^ticut River, be- 
 tween Chefterfieldand WaIpole,i 10 miles 
 from Portfmoath. It was incorporated 
 in 1752, and contains x,c66 inhabitants. 
 
 IV^f.tncidiind, a pofi: town of New York, 
 Oneida co. taken from Whiteftown, and 
 incorporated in 1792. It contains 1,542 
 inhabitants. The centre of the town is'' 
 6 miles S of Fort Schuyler, 36 N W of 
 Cooperftown, and 506 from Walliington. 
 
 W.Jltmr eland, a tratSt of land in Pcnn- 
 fyivania, bounded E by Delaware River, 
 W by a line drawn due N and S 15 miles 
 W of Wyoming on Sufquehannah River, 
 and between the par?llels of 41 and 40 
 degrees of N lat. was claimed by the State 
 of ConnetSlicut, as within the liniita of 
 their original charter, and in 1754 was 
 purchafed of the Six Nations of Indians 
 by the Sufquehannah and Delaware com- j 
 panics, and afterwards fettled by a con- 
 liderable colony, under the jurifdiclion of j 
 Connctflicut. This tradl was called IVijl- I 
 tnoreland, and annexed to the county of j 
 Litchfield in Conne(5licut. The Penn- 1 
 fylvanians difputed the claim of Connec- I 
 ticat to thefe lands, and in the progrefs I 
 of this bufincf* there was much warm ! 
 contention, and fome bloodflicd. This | 
 unhappy difputc has flace been adjufted 
 See fVjomn'^, 
 
 Wcjl Point ^ a ftrong fortrcfs credtcd 
 during the revolution, on the W bank of 
 Hudfon Puvcr,in the State of New York, 
 6 miles above Anthony's Nofe, 7 below 
 Fifh Kill, 11 S of Poughkeepfie, and about 
 60 N of New York city. It is fituntcd in, 
 the midft of the high lands,and is ilrong- 
 ly fortified by nature as well as art. The 
 principal fort is fituated on a point of 
 land, formed by a fuddcn bend in the riv- 
 er, and commands it, for a couaderablc 
 diftance, above and below. Fort Putnam; 
 is lituatcd a little further back, on an em- 
 inence which overlooks the other fort,ancI 
 commands a greater extent of the river. 
 There are a number of houfes and bar- 
 racks on the point near the forts. On 
 the oppofite lide of the river are the ruin* 
 of Old Fort Conflitution, with fome bar- 
 racks going to decay. A number of con- 
 tinental troops are ftationcd here to guard 
 the arfensl and (lores of the United Statc^ 
 which are kept at this place. This fort- 
 refs is called the Gibraltar of America, a» 
 j by rcafon of the rocky ridges, riling one 
 I behind another, it is incapable of being, 
 inveftcd by lefs than 20,000 men. The 
 { fate of America feemcd to hover over thir 
 place. Benedict Arnold, to whom the 
 important charge of this fort was com- 
 mitted, defigned to have furrendercd it to 
 the Britifli ; but Providence difappointed 
 the treafonable defign, by the mod: (imple 
 means. Major Andre, a moft accom- 
 pllflied and gallant officer, was taken, 
 tried, and executed as a fpy, and Arnold 
 efcaped, 
 
 Wefpott, aflouriflringtownfliip of Brif- 
 jj tol CO. Maffachiifetts, 59 miles ioutheriy 
 ]| of Bofton. It was incorporated in i??/, 
 ! and contains 2 361 inhabitants. 
 jj Wrjl Srmjlury, a parifli in Simfbury, 
 jl Hartford co. Conne(5licut, where there is 
 ' a pofl: office. 
 
 j fVcJi SprhigfelJ, a poft town of TvTafra- 
 il chufetts, Hampfliirc co, on the W fide of 
 ^ Connecticut 
 
Wfi^ 
 
 W H fi 
 
 Connecticut River, oppofitc Sprlnoficid, 
 about 28 miles N of Hartford, and 100 
 W S W of Bofton. In the compaa part 
 arc about 40 dwelling-houfes, and a Con- 
 gregational church. The townfliip con- 
 tains 3 paiiflics, and 2,835 inhabitants. 
 
 Wejl Stockhrldge, a townfliip of MafTa- 
 chufetts, in Berkfliirc co. adjoining Stock- 
 bridge on the W, and has the New York 
 line on the N W, 150 miles from Bofton. 
 William's River and its dreams water 
 the townfliip, and accommodate 3 iron- 
 works, a fulling-mill, a grift-mi 11^ and two 
 faw-mills. Inhabitants i,ooi. A few 
 years fmce, fevcral marWle quarries were 
 difcovered in this tov/n, both white and 
 grey, which arc the property of Meffrs, 
 Cook, Newall & Co. They are now 
 tvrought to confidcrablc advantage. 
 Three mills for fawing the marble have 
 fceen ercdled, and grave-ftones, chimney 
 pieces, butter-prefervcrs, and plates, are 
 made here in great quantities, and fcut 
 fo Hudfon, and thence to N, York, and 
 Boflon, to market. 
 
 PV^Ji Tsivn^ a townfliip in Ctiefler co^ 
 f*enniyivania, having 743 inhabitants. 
 Wctlersjidd. See WeatbrnfieU. 
 tVetmores JJland, or JJle IVctmorCy in the 
 county of Hancock, MafTachufetts, on V.t- 
 fiobfcot Rivet, the fame with Orphan Ifl- 1 
 and, which fee. It belongs to William ! 
 WetmorCi Efq. is 4I miles long from N to i 
 f?, and about ig wide, arid lies in 44 10 N 
 lat. The N end is feparated from Buclf- 
 ioivn by the caftern branch of Penobfcot 
 River, here about -|th of a mile wide, and 
 the S end is about 4 miles above Old Fort 
 Pownal. The tides rife generally about re 
 feet. From Fort Pownal to Frankfort the 
 winters,on account of the prciimiry of the ! 
 fea, arc not more fevere than at Bofton ; 
 but vegetation is not fo forward in tlie 
 ipiing by a fortnight. This has been 
 obfcrved and determined by the fprout- 
 ing and leafing of the birch tree, the 
 beft criterion, becaufe it is the com- 
 mon and natural growth of the country. 
 £xotics, fuch as the Lombarcly poplar, are 
 a fortnight later. Sheep and horfcs re- 
 quire little h^y to winter them on any of 
 the iflands in Pcnobfcot Bay ; aud it is 
 obferved that neat cattle do not rc<^uire 
 fo much as on the main by one third, and 
 fomctimcs one half, on account of the j] 
 abundance of rock-weed, and the little ji 
 time the ground is covered with (how. jj 
 The winter feldom begins with any l"c- 'i 
 Verity till the laft of Decemljtr. jj 
 
 iVeybridoe, a lownfliip (ji' Vermont, ia '\ 
 
 AddIA)n CO. feparated from New HavcS 
 oil the N and E by Otter Creek. It con- 
 tains 50Z inhabitants. Snake Mountain 
 lies nearly on the line between this towa- 
 fliip and that of Addifon on the W. 
 
 Weymouth^ the Wajfagufet of the Indians, 
 a townfliip of Maflachufetts, Norfolk co. 
 incorporated In 1635. It lies 14 miles S 
 E of Boflon, and employs fome fmall vef" 
 fels in the mackerel fifliery. Fore River 
 on the N W, and Back River en the S E, 
 include near one half of the townfliip. 
 The cheefe made here is reckoned among 
 the hcOi brought to Bofton market. It is 
 faid to be one of the oldefi towns in the 
 State ; Mr. Wefton, an Engllfli merchant, 
 having madca temporary fettlement here 
 in fummer, i6z'i. It contains 2,803 •"" 
 habitants. 
 
 Whale Cove IJland, in the northern part 
 of N. America, is the moft northerly of 
 two iflands lying to the S of Brook Cob- 
 ham, or Marble Illand, which is in lat. 63 
 N. Lovegrove, the other illand, has a 
 fair opening to the W of it. 
 
 IVhaL Fijb yiauJ, in the river Eflequi- 
 bo, on the coafl of S. America, is above 
 the Seven Brothers, or Seven iHands, and 
 below the 'I'hree Brothers. 
 
 Whale If and, at the mouth of M'Ken- 
 zle's River, in the North Sea or Frozen 
 Ocean, on the N coafl: of the N W part 
 of N. America. N lat. 69 14. 
 
 iVhappings Creek, a fmall creek which 
 empties through the E bank of Hudfon & 
 River, in the townfliip of Fifli Kill, eight 
 miles S of PoughkeepSe, and 7Z N of N. 
 York city. Here are two mills, at which 
 confiderable bufinefs is performed. 
 
 Wharton^ a townfliip of Fayette co. 
 Pcnnfylvania, having 674 inhabitants. 
 
 Wtaiely, a townfliip of Maflachufett;?, 
 Hampllilre co. 10 miles Nof Northampton, 
 aud loj from Bofton, It was incorporated 
 in 1771, and contains 773 inhabitants. 
 
 Wheeling, a pofi town of Virginia, at 
 the mouth of a creek on the E bank of 
 Ohio River, I a miles above Grave Creek, 
 I a SW of Weft Liberty, 54 S W of 
 Pittftiurg, and 312 from Wafliington. Ac 
 the mouth of the Big Kanawa, not far 
 from this place, a wall has been difcover- 
 ed fome feet under the earth, very regu- 
 larly built, apparently the work of art. 
 It is 332 niiles from Philadelphia. 
 
 Whfelock, a townfliip of Vermont, irt 
 Caledonia co. about 20 miles N W of 
 Littleton, and contains 568 inhabitants. 
 
 Wheelivrigl't Gut, at the N W end of 
 the iH.'-nd ox St. Chriftophtr's, in the W. 
 
 In<Ji^s^. 
 
W H i 
 
 W H t 
 
 Indies, has Wlllet's Bay and Mafshoufe 
 ,^av Ej aud Courpon's and Convent Bays 
 S W. There is a fand-bank before the 
 entrance, which appears to prevent Ihips 
 from going in. 
 
 Wbentiuia^ one of two fmall iflands in 
 the South Pacific Ocean, near the illaixd 
 Of Otaha. 
 
 Wheijlone Fort, oii the N fide of Patapf- 
 co River, and W fide of the mouth of 
 Baltimore Harbour, in Maryland. It is 
 oppolite Gofluch Point, a| miles eaflerly 
 from the Baltimore Company's iron-works, 
 ^t the mouth of Gwin's Falls. 
 
 Whippany, a village of N. Jerfey, Mor- 
 ris CO. on a branch of PafTaick River, 5 
 miles N E of Morriftown. 
 
 Whirls or Sticky in Tennefiee River, is a 
 great curiofity. . From half a mile in 
 width, the river is contracEled to 70 yards 
 as it ruflies through the Cumberland 
 mountain, lat. 35 N. 
 
 White^ a river or torrent Ifuiin^r from 
 the mountain of fulphur in the illand of 
 Oaudaloupc, in the Wtfl Indies. It is 
 thus named as often afluming a white 
 colour from the allies and fulphur cov- 
 ering it. It empties into the river St. 
 Louis. . > . , 
 
 Wh'ite^ a river of Louifiana, which joins 
 Arkanfas River, about 10 miles above the 
 fort, which Mr. Hutchins reckons $s^ 
 computed miles from New Orleans, and 
 660 from the fea. It has been navigated 
 above 200 miles in flat-bottomed boats. 
 
 Sec Arkanfas. 
 
 IVhite, a fmall river of the Indiana Ter- 
 Htory, which purfuts a N W, and, near 
 its mouth, a wefterly courfe, and enters 
 WabaOi River, 11 miles below the mouth 
 of Chickafaw River. 
 
 White, a river of Vfermotit, which falls 
 Into Corirleilicut River about 5 miles be- 
 iowDartmouth College, between Norwich 
 and HartfordL It is from loo to 150 
 vards wide, foirie diftarice frorrt its mouth. 
 Its fource is in a fpring, which by means 
 ef Onion Rivier, communicates with Lake 
 Charriplriin. It derives its name from the 
 "rtrhitenefs of its water. 
 
 lV6ite Bd''!^ on the E coaft of Newfound- 
 land, in the Machigcuiis River. Its N 
 hmit; is Cape d' Argent. 
 
 White Cape, or Blanco, on the W coa^ 
 of N. Meiico, is %o leagues to the N W 
 of Herradura. This cape, in lat. to N, 
 bears with the ifland Canoe, at N W by 
 W, and S E by E, and with St. Luke 1(1. 
 at N E by N, and S W by S, being about 
 "*) leagues from each. 
 
 V«j/. K M M m m 
 
 White Beer, a townfliip of PcnnfylvanJa; 
 on Sufquehannah. River. 
 
 Wfjitefetd, or Wbcatfdd, a tcwnfhip of 
 Pennfylvania, Weftmoreland ca having 
 779 inhabitants. 
 
 White Ground\ a place in the Creek 
 country, 10 miles from Little TallafTee. 
 
 Whitehall^ a tovvnfliip of Penn. North- 
 ampton CO. having 2,032 inhabitants. 
 
 TVh'tehall, a pofl: town of Wafliingtori 
 CO. N. York, embracing the tradl former- 
 ly called Skeenfborough. It has Fairha- 
 ven and Poultricy in Vermont on the N 
 and E. It contains 1,604 inhabitants. 
 
 Wiiteh^urgh, a pofl: town of Kent co. 
 Delaware, 117 miles from Wafliington. 
 
 White Marjh\ a pofl: town of PennfyU 
 vania, Montgomery c6. 1$ miles front 
 Wafliington. 
 
 White Mountaim. See Niiv Hampjh'ire. 
 
 Whitep'aine'i a towrifliip of Pennfylvania, 
 Montgomery co. having 771 inhabitants. 
 
 White Fbins, a poifl: town of N. York; 
 Weft Chefter co. boundied eaflerly by 
 Mamaroneck River, and wefterly by 
 Bronx River. It contains 566 inhabit- 
 ants. It is remarkable for a battle fought 
 here between the American and Britifli 
 forces, on the aSfh of Odlober, 1776. 1% 
 is i^ miles E by N of Kingfbridge, 30 II 
 E by N of New' York. 
 
 White Poini, o\\ the coafl: of Nova Sco- 
 tia, is about 3 leagues S W of Cape Cari- 
 fo, and N E of Green Point. There i^ 
 an ifland off the Point that flielters Bar 
 Haven. 
 
 White Pointy on the coafl: of Cape Birei 
 ton Ifland) is about a mile S W of Black 
 Cape, near the harbour of Louilburg, 
 and the E point of Gabarns Bay. 
 
 White Point, ia the illand of Jamaica^ 
 lies eaflwardof White Horfe Cliffs, about 
 7 leagues E of Port Royal. 
 
 Whitens Bay, on the coafl of Newfound^ 
 land, N lat. 50 17, W long. 56 15. 
 
 White's River, on the N E coafl of Ja- 
 maica, is near the W limit of Port Aa-^ 
 tonio. 
 
 Whitef.oivrt, a poft town in Oneida cb, 
 N. York, on the S fide of Mohawk RiVer, 
 4 miles W of Old Fort Schuyler, and 100 
 W of Albany. The compact part of this 
 j llourifliing (:own lies on one beautiful 
 flreet, about a mile in length, ornamented, 
 with trees. The houfes are generally 
 furniflied witli water, condUtfted by pspea 
 laid under ground, from the neighboux- 
 ing hills. The foil of this town is re- 
 markably good. Nine acres of wheat in 
 one field., yie'ded on an average, 41 bufh- 
 
WIG 
 
 W I L 
 
 t\y of whcHij of 60 lb. each, an acre. 
 This is no uncoinmon crop. This town 
 and its B-eighbouriiood has been fettled 
 with remarkable rapidity. All that dif- 
 f ricl comprehended between the Oneida 
 Rtfervation, and the German Fiats, was 
 known, a few years An'-e, by the name 
 ©f WLitcJloivi-,^ and no longer ago than 
 1785, contained two families only, thofe 
 of Hugh White, and Mofes Foot, Efqrs. 
 In 1796, there were within tlte fame lim- 
 its, 6 parities, with as many fettled min- 
 iftcrs, 3 full regiments of militia, i corps 
 of light horfe, all in uniform. In the 
 whole, 7,359 inhabitants, of whom 1,190 
 ■»vtie qualiiied eletElors, and in 1800 there 
 V^'cre 4,21 Z inhabitants in Whiteftown, 
 wiiich is but a Imail fedtion of the ab&ve 
 dcfcribcd dlftricl:. 
 
 White iP'cod I/IanJ^ or De £ois Blartc. 
 Sec JVlic/jiliimuilinuJc. 
 
 IVhitiug, a tovvnfhip of Vermont, in 
 i^ddifon CO. feparated from I-eiccfler 0x1 
 the E by Otter Creek, and has part of 
 Orwtlt on the W. It contaiiis 4O4 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 W'.>itiingha?.n, a townfliip of Vermont, 
 in the 6 \V tonier of Windham eo. con- 
 taining 868 inhabitants. 
 
 WbilJ'un JjIanJ, iu the S. Pacific Ocean, 
 i« about 4 miles long, and 3 broad ; and 
 fu furrcuudcd by breakers that a boat 
 cannot land. S lat. 19 26, VV long. 137 
 
 W>anduts^ or Wyandcts^ an Indian tribe 
 inhabiting near Fort St. Joftph, and De- 
 troit, in ihe N. W. Tcrntcry, Wayne co. 
 "Warriors aco. 
 
 V/iupoio^ C57 LHtlc Wia^ is an outlet or 
 auii ot lbs river Oronoko, on the W fide. 
 ft h«s many brandies, wliieli are all nav- 
 igal)le. 
 
 IVickfoid, A fmall trading village in the 
 towi.fliip of North-Kingftown, Rhode- 
 ifiand, and on the W fide of Narraganfet 
 Bay ; 24 miles S of Providence, and 9 or 
 10' N W of Newport. licrc is a poft 
 iBiiice. 
 
 Wiejpincem^ a river of Louifiana, whicli 
 empties into the Miliifippijia miles above 
 she Soutoux village. 
 
 Wictmic'yA fmall river of Maryland, 
 tv'hich rifcs in Sulftx county, Delaware, 
 and empties into- Fifiiing Bay, on the cafl 
 ill ore of Chefap'.v-k Bay. 
 
 V/'^bcomicot a lliort navigable river of 
 Mar) Unci, Avhich is formed by Piles and 
 Allen's Fxcfli, and, running iuuthward, 
 tmptirh into the Patowmac, about 2)5 
 xiiiles from its mouth. Cob ^-fcck. forms 
 the: I\ \v:A\. uf its uiuutli* 
 
 Wight, jp of. Sec Ip of mgit Counip 
 
 IVighty jfe cf ; E end of Long-Ifland.- 
 See Gardner s If and. 
 
 Wilbraham^ a. townfliip of MafTachu- 
 fetts, in Hampfliirc co. 10 miles E of 
 Springfield, 30 N E of Hartford, in Con- 
 ncdlicut, and 89 S W of Boflon. It was 
 incorporated in 1763 ; contains a parifli- 
 es, and 1,743 inhabitants. 
 
 TVllies, a county of the upper diftridt 
 of Georgia, feparated from S. Carolina,- 
 on the eatlward, by Savannah River, and 
 contains 13,103 inhabitants, including 
 5000 Daves. Tobacco is tlie chief pro- 
 duce of this county, of which it exported 
 about 3,OGO hhd-j. in 1788. It is well 
 watered^and is famous for a medicinal 
 fpring, near its chief town, Wafliington ; 
 which fee. 
 
 }Vtll:es, a county of Morgan diftritft, in 
 the N W coiner of N. Carolina. It con- 
 tains 7,247 inhabitants, including 790 
 flaves. 
 
 IVilles^ a poft town and chief of the 
 above county, 53 miles from Rockfordj 
 45 from Morgantown, and 611 from Phi- 
 bdelphia. 
 
 Willfjarre, or Wilkjhurgy a poft town of 
 Pcnnfyivania, and chief town of Luzerne 
 CO. oa the S E fide of the E branch of 
 the Sufquchannah. It contains a court 
 houfe, gaol, and about 45 houfes. It is 
 67 miles N E of Bethlehem, about the 
 fame diflance above Sunbury, 1x8 N by 
 N W of Philadelphia, and 260 froia' 
 Waflrir.gton. 
 
 IVaUes Bay, at the N W end of the if?- 
 arid of St. Chriftopher's. Willet's Gut i» 
 at iiie S W coafl of the fame illand. 
 
 fVilliom, 2''crt, (now called Jort Indtpcn" 
 dcnce) was ereCled on Caflle Illand in l3of- 
 ton harbour, in the reign of king William, 
 by Colonel Rotmer, a famous engineer. 
 When the Britilli troops evacuated Bof- 
 ton, in March, 1776, the fortifications 
 were blown up, but were loon a'fter re- 
 paired, and have fmce been built at -i. 
 great expcnfc by the government of the 
 United States. This ifiand contains about 
 1 8- acres of land, diftant 3 miles from the 
 town of Boflon. 
 
 William!, a townfliip in Northamptoii 
 CO. Pennlyivania. 
 
 J^'iHiaKis Sofiid, Prince, on the N W 
 eoaft of N. i^merica. Its E point is in 
 lat. 60 19 N, and long. 146 s?i ^> *°^ 
 Cape Ehzabeth which is its W point, 
 and the E point of Cook's River, is in lat, 
 59 lo, and long. 152 15. 
 
 Wf{li(ifr/&creu^l!>t a poft town of N. Car- 
 
W I I. 
 
 W I L 
 
 dina, and capital of Granville co. picaf- 
 antly fmiated on a creek which falls into 
 the Roanoke. It carries on a brlik trade 
 with the back counties, and contains be- 
 tween 30 and 40 houfes, a court houfe, 
 gaol, and flourifliing academy. It is 17 
 mdes from Warrenton, 48 N E of HilU'- 
 borough, 56 W N W of Halifax, and 257 
 from. Wafl)ington. 
 
 Pf^illiamfjur^, R CO. of Virginia, between 
 York and James' Rivers, and was joined 
 in the enumeration of inliaiiitants, in 
 1 7 90, with York co. Tlicfe together con- 
 tained Si'^?>?> inhabitants. 
 
 Willia^^Jhiirgh, a townfliip of Maflacliu- 
 f^tts, Hainpfliire co. on the W fide of 
 ConnecSlicut River, having Hatfield on 
 the E. It contains a handfome Congre- 
 gational church, and 1,176 inhabitants. 
 In the year 1760, this townlhip was a \\\\- 
 ^ernefs. !t lies 7 miles from Connc(5Hcut 
 River, 8 N W of Northampton, and 108 
 W of BoUt^n. 
 
 fVilllamJburgk, a pofl town of N. York, 
 Ontario co. on the E fide of GencfTee 
 River, and between that and Canefus 
 Lake, 30 miles S W of Canandarque, 40 
 N W of Bath, 98 N W of Athens or Tio- 
 ga Point, and 388 N weflerly of Phila- 
 jdclphia. 
 
 iVilliamJhurg, called alfo Jonejioivn, a 
 poft town of Pennfylvanla, Dauphinc co. 
 at the jumflion of Little Swatara with 
 Swatara River. It has a German I^uther- 
 an and Calvinift church, and about 40 
 dwelling houfes. It is 23 miles N E by 
 E of Harrifbiirg, and 89 N W of Phila- 
 delphia. — Alfo, the name of a townlliip 
 in Luzerne county. 
 
 IViUiamfjHrg, a pofi: town on the Little 
 Miami, in Clermont co. Oliio, 483 miles 
 from Wafliington. 
 
 Williamjhurg, a village of Maryland, in 
 Talbot county, 5 miles N E of Eafton, 
 and 4 N W of King's-Town. 
 
 Williamjhurg, a poft town of Virginia, 
 Jies 60 miles eaftward of Richmond, ittu- 
 ated between two creeks, one falling into 
 James, the other into York River. The 
 diftance of each landing-place is about a 
 mile from the town. During the regal 
 govei-nmcnt it waspropofed to unite thefe 
 creeks by a canal palling through the 
 centre of the town ; but the removal of 
 the feat of government rendered it no 
 longer an objedl of importance. It con- 
 tains about 200 houfes, and has about 
 I,4C?0 inhabitants. It is regularly laid 
 out in parallel ftreets, with a pleafant 
 (<|uare in the centre of about ten acre^*^, 
 
 through which runs the principal fircst 
 K and W, about a mile in length, and 
 more than 100 feet wide. At the ends 
 of this fireet are two public buildings, 
 the college and capirol. Befules thefe 
 there ts an Epifcopal church, a prilon, a 
 court houfe, a maga/.ine, now occupied 
 as a market, and a hofpital for lunatics, 
 calculated to accommodate between 20 
 and 30 patients, in f<parate rooms or 
 cells. The houfe is neatly kept, and the 
 patients well attended. The honfc of 
 the prc/Idint of tfic college, occupied ^ 
 an hofpital by the French army, wan 
 burnt in the war, but ha'* been rebuilt At 
 the expenfe of t!ie Ercnch governmcut. 
 In the capltol is a large marble ftatue, ot 
 Narbone Berkley, Lord Botetourt, a man 
 diftlnguiOied for his love of piety, litera- 
 ture, and gttod government, and former- 
 ly governor of Virginia. It was creeled 
 , at the expenfe of the !>tate, fome time 
 j fince the year 177 1, The capito! is lit- 
 I tie better than in ruins, and thi^ elegant 
 ftatue is expofed to the rudenef:^ of ne- 
 j groes and boys, and is fliamefuHy defa- 
 ced. The college of William and Mary 
 I fixed here, was founded in the time of 
 j king Wifliam and queen Mary, who 
 j granted to it 20,oco acres of land, and 
 j a penny a pound duty on certain tobac- 
 I coes exported from Virginia and Mary- 
 j land, which had been levied by the ftatu'te 
 j of 25 Car. 2. The aflembly alfo gave it, 
 \ by temporary laws, a duty on liquors 
 j imported, and flcins and furs exported. 
 From thefe refources it received upwards 
 ! of 3,oool. The buildings are of brick, 
 I fufficient for an indifFerent accommoda- 
 j tion of perhaps 100 ftudcnts, but there 
 j are not generally more than 40. By its 
 jj charter, it was to be under the govcrn- 
 i{ mcnt of 20 vifitors, who were to be its 
 l| legillators, and to have a prefidcnt and 
 j fix profeffors, who were incorporated, 
 j It was allowed a rcprefentative in the 
 general afrembly. Under this charter, a 
 I profeflbrfliip of the Greek and Lacin Ian- 
 II guages, a profelForlnip of matiiematics, 
 j* one of moral philofophy, and two of di- 
 vinity, were eftablilncd. To tlu-ic werr 
 annexed, for a (xalh. profeflbrfliip, a con- 
 iiderable donation by a Mr. Boyle of 
 England, for the inflrtjcf ion of the Indian'', 
 and their converlion toChriftianitv. 'i'his 
 was called the profeJTorlhjp of BrafFertun, 
 Ij from an eftate of that name in England, 
 jl purchafcd with the -monies given. A 
 jj court of admiralty fjts here whenever a 
 ■ controvcrfv arifep. It is 12 miles K of 
 -'^ ' York 
 
W I L 
 
 W I i. 
 
 York Town, 60 E of Richmond, 4S N W 
 
 of Norfolk, and 338 S S WofPhiladelphia. 
 
 Lcaft heat here, 6 o 
 
 Mtan heat, 60 8 
 
 Greateft heat, ^S O 
 
 N lat. 37 16, W long. 76 48. 
 
 IVilliamfport, a po(t town of Maryland, 
 Walliington co, on the N tide of Patow- 
 tnack River, at the mouth of Conego- 
 cheague Creek, 8 miles S of the Pennlyl- 
 vania line, 6 S W of Hagarftown, 37 N 
 by E of Winchefter, in Virginia, 28 S by 
 W of Chambcrfburg, and 15$ W by S of 
 Piiiladelphia. 
 
 W'tllia.pfpcrt, a poft town of Lycom- 
 ing CO. Pennfylyania, ftands on the N fide 
 of the W branch of the Sufquchannah, 
 38 miles above Northumberhind. It con- 
 tains about 30 houfcs, and is a fIoarifl:i- 
 ing place. 
 
 JViHiut?.fon^ a townfllip of N. York, On- 
 tario CO. In 1796, there were 14a of its 
 inhabitants electors. 
 
 Williamfon^ a county of Mero diftrict, 
 Tenneflce, containing a,o6C inhabitants, 
 of whom 693 are flaves. 
 
 WdlidTrjloivn, a port town of Vermont, 
 Orange co. on the height of land between 
 ConncAicut River and Lake Ciiamplain, 
 about 45 miles from the former, and 50 
 from the latter. It is bounded E by 
 "Walliirigton, and W by Nordiiield, and 
 contains 83^ inhabitants. Stephen's 
 Branch, a ilream which runs N to On- 
 ion River, rifes in this townlliip. 
 
 W'dliamjlotvn, a mountainous poft town 
 of MafTachufetts, in the N W corner of 
 the State, and in Berkfhire co. contain- 
 ing 2 086 inhabitants. It is well water- 
 ed by Hoofack and Green Rivers, the 
 former of which is here 8 rods wide. 
 On thefe ftreams are 4 grift-niills, 3 faw- 
 milis,and afulling-mili. The main coun- 
 ty road pafles through it. Col. Ephraim 
 WilHan\s laid the foundation of an acad- 
 emy feveral years fincc, and endowed it 
 by a handfome donation of lands. " In 
 1790, partly by lottery, and partly by 
 the libeial donation of gentlemen in the 
 town, a brick edilke was erected, 82 feet 
 by 42, and four Ivories high, containing 
 li, rooms for ftudcnt'?, a large fcliool- 
 room, a dining-hal!, and a room for pub- 
 lic fpeaking. Another handfon.e brick 
 building has fince been built. In 1793, 
 this academy wa«; erected into a college, 
 hv nn a(5l of the Itgiilaturc, by the n^me 
 ck Williu'iis' College. H) honour to its hber- 
 'A founder. The languages J*nd fcicnces 
 uiually taught in the Aincricau colleges 
 
 are taught here. Board, tuition and otk- 
 er cxpenfes of education are very low ; 
 and from its lituation and other circum- 
 (lances, it is likely to become an inilitu-;^ 
 tion of g^eat utility and importance. The 
 Mrft public commencement was held at 
 this eolUge in September, 1795. In 1796, 
 the legillature granted two townlhips of 
 land to Williams' College. There were, 
 in 1796, roi Undents in the four clafTes, 
 bcfdes 30 pupils in the academy con- 
 ne(5led with the college. A company was 
 V iiitorporatcd the year abovementioned, 
 to bring water in pipes into the town 
 firtet. It is 28 miles N of Lenox, and 
 15? N Wof Bofton. 
 
 IViUiafnfoivn^ -ji poll town and the cap- 
 ital of Martin co. N. Carolina, is fituaied 
 on Roanoke River, and contains a court 
 houfe, a gaol, and 248 inhabitants. It is 
 25 miles from Blountfvilie, 24 from Plym- 
 outh, S5 from Halifax, 444 from Piiila- 
 delphia, and 292 from Wafliington. 
 
 IVillitfourg, a poll: town in Charlotte co. 
 Virginia, 243 miles from Wafnington. 
 
 ivaiimanttc, a fmall river of Connetfli- 
 cut, which runs a S E courfe, and uniting 
 with Natchaug River, forms the Shetuck- 
 et at Windham. 
 
 H'll'inboroughy a townfl\ip of N. Jerfey, 
 in Burlington co. on DeJaw.ire River, 
 about 14 miks from Philadclpliia. It 
 has generally a thin foil, but conliderablc 
 q:i«ntities of fruits and vegetables arc 
 raifed here for the Philadelphia r/:arket. 
 
 fViiihigiony a townfliip of C;.nnciilicut, 
 in Tolland co. 6 miles E of I'oiiand, nnd 
 35 N E of Hartford, and was fettled in 
 1719, having 1,278 inhabitants. The 
 lands are rough and hilly. The earth- 
 quake on Sabbath evening, Odl. 29, 1727, 
 was fcverely felt in this t;>wn. 
 
 JVillifto-wn^ a townihip in Chefter co. 
 Pennfylvanla, having 869 inhabitants. 
 
 Willis Cretky in Maryland, falls into the 
 Patowmack from the N at Eort Cumber- 
 land, 
 
 ' IVillii If and, in the S. Atlantic Ocean, 
 is near the N W end of South Georgia,' 
 and has Bird Ifland to the N of it. S lat„ 
 54, W long. 38 30. 
 
 Willifion, a pofl: town of Vermont, Chit- 
 tenden CO. joins Burlington on the N W. 
 it contains ^^i^ inhabitants. 
 
 tVilluugbby BayyUczr the S E part of the 
 ifland of Antigua, in the W. Indies. 
 
 JVtlhughby Laie, in Vermont, in the 
 townfliip of Weftmore. It is about fix 
 miles long and one broad, and lends a 
 dream which runs northward and emp- 
 tier 
 
W I L 
 
 W I L 
 
 ties Into Lake Memphremagog, in^ the 
 kowniinp of Salem. This lake furnlflies 
 filh refeinbling bafs, of an excellent fla- 
 vour, weighing from 10 to 30 pounds. 
 People travel 20 miles to this lake to 
 procure a winter's flock of this flfli. 
 ■" Willjborcughi a townfliip in Eflex co. N. 
 York ; bounded on the S by the town of 
 Crown- Poinf, on tJie N by the S line of a 
 patent, which includes the river Au Sable 
 at itb mouth, continuing wcftward tothat 
 part of the county of Montgomery, now 
 palled Herkemer' county. It contained 
 .S75 iniiabitants in 1790; and in looo 
 1,717. It is a fme champaign, fertile 
 country, inhabited by a number of in- 
 duftrious, thriving farmers. Its cultiva- 
 tion has been rapidly advancing. In this 
 town is the remarkable Split Rock, which 
 is a fmall point of a mountain proje(?tiiig 
 about 50 yards into the neighbouring 
 lake. This disjoined point has, from the 
 appearance of the oppofite lides, and 
 their exact fitnefs for each other, doubt- 
 lefs been rent from the main rock, by 
 fome violent fliock of nature. It is re- 
 moved about C40 feet, and has on its point, 
 a furface of nearly half an acre, which 
 has fufhciency of foil, and is covered 
 with wood. The height of the rock on 
 each fide of the liiTure is about 12 feet. 
 *rhe river Boquet runs through tliis town 
 a confiderable diflance, . and is navigable 
 for boats z miles, wher?; there are falls 
 and mills. This town ^yas partly fettled 
 before the year 1775. U commands a 
 beautiful view of the lake, and lies ai4 
 rallies N of N. York city. 
 
 JVilts Co-ue, on the N E fide of the ifih- 
 mus of the illand of St. Kitts, in the W- 
 Indies. 
 
 fVi.'ls Creek, or Caicuiluck, a branch of 
 Patowmack River, is 30 or 40 yards wide 
 at its mouth, where I'ort Cumberland 
 flood. It affords no navigation as yet, 
 and runs a fhart courfe foutherly. 
 
 WiUs-Tozvn, an Indian village on the N 
 E bank of Muikingum River, 45 miles 
 from its mouth, and 117 fouth weflerly 
 from Pittfburg. 
 
 IVdltoiiWy a pofl town in Georgetown 
 CO. S. Carolina, 455 miles from Wafliing- 
 ton. 
 
 WilmantoTtf in N. York, on Wallkill, be- 
 t'veen Newburgand Ncw-Brunfwick. 
 
 IVilmington, one of the eailern maritime 
 diftricls of N. Carolina; bounded N B by 
 Newbern diftricl, S E by the Atlantic 
 pcean,S W by S. Carolina, and N W by 
 i''riyettt;.- ix. conrinuaicnds the counties of 
 
 ! Rrunfwick, New- Hanover, Onflow, Dup., 
 j Hn, and Bladen. It contains 30,617 in- 
 habitants, of whom 11,649 are flaves. 
 
 fVtlmingtorr, a port of entry and pofl 
 town of N. Carolina, capital of the above 
 diftricl:, is ficuattd on the E fide of the 
 eaflern branch of Cape Fear or Clareur 
 don River ; 34 miles from the fea, an^ 
 100 fonthward of Ncwbcrn. The courfe 
 of the river, as it pafi'es by the town, is 
 nearly from N to S. and the breadth 150 
 yards. Oppolite the town are two ifl- 
 ands extending with the courfe of the 
 river, and dividing it into three chan- 
 nels : they aiTord the fi.nclt rice fields in 
 N. Carolina. The town is regularly built, 
 and contains about ajo houfes, and 1,689 
 inhabitants, of whom 1,126 are in flave- 
 ry, a handicme Epifcopal church, a court 
 liDufe, and gaol. Having fuflered much. 
 by two fires, one- fourth of the town, 
 which has been rebuilt, is of brick. Its 
 markets are well fupplied with fifli, an4 
 all manner of provifions. A confidera- 
 ble trade h carried on to the W. Indie* 
 and the adjacent States. The exports foe 
 one year, ending the 30th of Sept. i794'» 
 amounted to 133,534 dollars. Thcfc of 
 all the other i)orts cf the State, amount- 
 ed only to 1 7/, 598 dollars. It is 90 miles 
 S E of Faycttevjlle, i()z S S W of Eden- 
 ton, 198 N E of Charleflon, S. Carolina, 
 and 600 from Piilladelphia. N lac. 34 1 1, 
 W long. 78 15. 
 
 JVilmingtotiy a tov.'n of New- Hanover CO. 
 N. Carolina, containing 1,698 inhabitants. 
 - IVilmingion^ a pofl town of Vermont, ia 
 Windham co. containing 1,011 inhabit- 
 ants, who are chiefly wealthy farmers. 
 It lies on Dccrfield River, on the E fide of 
 the Green A-'iountain, on the high road 
 from Bennington to Brattlcborough, about 
 20 miles from each. Confiderable quan- 
 tities of maple fugar are made in it ; lomc 
 farmers make 1,000 or 1400 pounds in a 
 feafon. Tiie Hoyftack^ in the N W cor- 
 ner pf this townfliip, is among the htgheil 
 of the range of the Green Mountains. It 
 has a pond nr,ar the top of it, about half 
 a mile in length, round which deer and 
 mopfe are found, it is 441 miles from 
 '^afliington. 
 
 Wilmington, a townfliip of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Middleftx co. t6 miles N from 
 BoUon. It was incorporated in i730, 
 and contains 797 inhubtants. Hops, in 
 great quantities, are raifcd in this town. 
 
 IVilmington, a port of entry .and \icXt 
 town of the State of Delaware, and the 
 moft confiderable town in the State, k 
 
 fiantitj 
 
W I L 
 
 W I N 
 
 ftands In Newcaflle co. on the N fide of 
 Ciiriftiana Creek, between Chriftiana and 
 Bra,ndywine Creeks, which at this place 
 arc about a mile diftant from each other, 
 but uniting below the town, they join the 
 Delaware in one flream, 400 yards v/ide 
 at the mouth. The fcite of thr principal 
 |5art of the town is on the S W fide of a 
 hill, which riles 109 feet above the tide, 
 ^ miles from Delaware River, 28 S W 
 from Philadelphia, and 117 from Wafh- 
 ington. On the N E fide of ihe fame 
 hill,on the Brandywmc, there are i .-^ mills 
 for grain, and about 40 ne^t dwelling- 
 houfes, which form a beautiful appen- 
 dage to the town. The mills aie proba- 
 bly as valuable as any in the world : it is 
 faid tliat 300,000 buflitls of wheat and 
 forn are ground here in a year. A L. gt 
 inanufadlory for gun-powder is erected j 
 jierc. The Chriftiana admits vefTels of ; 
 14 feet draught of water to the town : \ 
 and thofe of 6 feet draught, 8 miiis fur- ' 
 fher, where the navigation ends ; and j 
 the Brandy wine admits thofe of 7 feet ! 
 jdraught to the mills. The town is regu- { 
 larly laid out m fqu.nrts fimilar to Phila- j 
 delphia, and contained, in 1796, npwi^rds 
 pf 600 houfes, moftly of brick, and 3,000 
 inhabitants. It has 6 places of public 
 •worfliip, viz. a foe. Ptefbyterians, 1 for 
 Swedifh Epifcopalians, i for Friends, i 
 for Bapiifts, and i for Methodifls. Here 
 are two market-houfes, a poor-houfe, 
 frhich flands on the W fide of the town, 
 and IS 120 feet by 40, built of ftone, and 
 5 flories high, for the reception of the 
 paupers of Newcaftle co. There is anoth- 
 er ftone building which was ufed as an 
 academy, and was fupported for fome 
 time with confiderable reputation, but 
 by a dcfec"^ in the conflitution of the fem- 
 iiiary, or fome other paufe, it has, of late, 
 been entirely ncgledlcd as a place of tui- 
 tion. There are, however, nearly 300 
 children in the different fchools in town. 
 About the year 1736, the fir ft houfes were 
 built at this place ; and the town was in- 
 eorporattd a few years afterwards. Its 
 rfHcers are two burgefTts, 6 afTifiantSjand 
 |wo conftables, all of who.Ti are annually 
 chofen. For other particulars, fee Deia- 
 •ware. N lat. 39 43 18, W long. 75 3^- 
 
 Wtln?ofy a townlliip of Nt-va Scotia, 
 Annapolis ro. fettled from Ireland and 
 New England. 
 
 Wiifjn^ a county of Mero diftrjcT", Ten- 
 peflee, containing 3,261 inhabitants, of 
 •^horn 729 arc (laves. 
 
 ^ilfowAlie, a town of Pcnnfylvania, kj 
 
 llfQated on the Walenpapcck, at it* 
 junSioa with the Texawacfein, 120 
 miles N of Philadelphia. Here arc al- 
 ready erecfled 14 houfes, a faw and griR 
 mill, and a large building for manufadlur- 
 ing fail cloth. The creek here falls up- 
 wards of 300 feet, fome fay 500, in the 
 fpace of a mile ; for 17 miles above the 
 falls the creek has a gentle current. 
 
 Wilton, A village of Charlefton diftrift, 
 S Carolina, on the E fide of Edifto River, 
 a7 miles S W of Charlefton. 
 
 Wilton, a town in Kennebeck co. 
 Maine, incorporated June, 1803. 
 
 W/lforr, a townihip of New Hampfliirc, 
 ! 'ii.'^oorough co. S W of Amherft, adjoin- 
 KV',. about 70 milcswefterlyof Portfmouth, 
 and 56 N W of Bofton. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1762, and contains i,o 10 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 WimacoTfiach, a village of New York, \t\ 
 Suftolk CO. Long liland, 6 miles W by S 
 of Smithtown, and N E of Huntingdon, 
 and 44 E by N of N. York city. 
 
 V/inchdfca, an ifland in the S. PaciflQ 
 Ocean, Avhich appears like three iflauds, 
 It is about 30 miles S by E of Sir Charley 
 Hardy's Idand. 
 
 IVinchendony a pofl town of Maflachu- 
 fetts, in Worcefter co. 7 miles Nof Gard^ 
 ner, ^s N W of Worcefter,6oN W by W 
 of Bofton. This townfliip was formerly 
 called Ipfiaich C<7«a(/a, until it, was incorr 
 porated in 1764. It is on Miller's River, 
 and contains 1,092 inhabitants. This 
 place was vifited by a dreadful tornado, 
 on the 21 ft of October, 1795, which did 
 confiderable damage. 
 
 Winclefler^ a poft town of Conne<^icut, 
 in liitchlield co. about is or 15 miles JSf 
 of Litchfield. It has 1,368 inhabitants. 
 
 Wi^fhefler, a townlhip of N. Hampfliirc, 
 in Chefl.ire co. E of Hinfdale and Fort 
 Dummer, adjoining. It is no miles from 
 Portfmouth, and contains 15413 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Winchejler, a poft town, and the chief 
 town of Clarke co. Kentucky, 546 miles 
 from Wafhington. It has 130 inhabitants. 
 
 Winchejler, or I'redericfdoivn, a poft town 
 of Virginia, and the capital of Frederick 
 CO. It is near the head of Opeckon Creek, 
 which empties into Patowmack River ; 
 about 36 miles from the celebrated paf- 
 fage of the Pritowmack through the Blue 
 Ridge, and 82 milts from Wafliington. 
 It is a handfome and flourifliing town, 
 franding upon low and broken ground, 
 and has a numbf-r of refpecflablc buildings, 
 amoBg which are a court-houfe, gaol, a. 
 Prefb^-terij^n, 
 
W I N 
 
 W I u 
 
 J*rei!)ytcrian, an Eplfcopalian, a Metho- 
 diil. .Vid a new Roman Catholic chufch. 
 The dwelling houfcs are about 350 in 
 /iumber, feveral of which are built of 
 ftone. It is a corporation^ and contains 
 1,780 free inhabitants, and 348 flaves. It 
 was formerly fortified, but the works are 
 now in ruins. It is 50 miles £ by S of 
 Romney, 100 N E by Nof Staunton, no 
 W N W of Alexandria, iSo N W of Rich- 
 mond. N !at. 39 17 30, W long. 78 39, 
 
 H^iuJ Gafy a pafs in the Blue Mountains 
 in Pcnnfylvauia ; about 9 miles S W of 
 Penn's Fort. Aitliough too feet higher 
 than the prcfent bed of the Delaware, it 
 ia thought to have been formerly part of 
 the bed of that river. The Wind Gap is 
 a mile broad, and the ftones on it fuch as 
 fecm to have been waflied for ages by 
 Ivater running over them. 
 
 JVindham, a county in the S E corner 
 of Vermont ; Iiaving Maflachufetts S, and 
 Conaeclicut River E. It contains %% 
 townfliips, and 23,531 inhabitants. Chief 
 towns, New fane and Putney. 
 
 M'^indbam^ a county in the N E corner 
 6f Connctftrcut, having the State of Maf- 
 fachufetts N, and the State of Rhode Ifland 
 £. It contains 13 townfliips, and 28,22a 
 inhabitants, including 35 Haves. Chief 
 town, Windham. This is a fertile and well 
 cultivated county. The land in general 
 is ituny, conftantly varied with hills and 
 vales, and- well watered by the Quinua- 
 bog, Shctuckct, and numerous other 
 branches of the Thames. The hills lie 
 in ridges N and S, generally from a to 4 
 miles apart. The timber moft common 
 is various fpecies of oak, walnut, and 
 ehefaut, 
 
 fVindham, the capital of the above co. 
 and a poft town, is on Shetucket River, la 
 miles N by W of Norwich, 31 E of Hart- 
 ford, and 40a from Wafliington. It con- 
 tains between 60 and 70 compa<5^ houfcs, 
 a court houfe, gaol, an academy, and a 
 Congregational church. The river Wil- 
 iimanrick from the N W, and Natchaug 
 from the N, meet in the N W part of the 
 towniliip, and form the Shetucket, a 
 pleafant river, affording plenty of filli, 
 particularly fahnon, at fome fe^fons of 
 the year. The townfliip was fettled from 
 Norwich, in 1686, was incorporated in 
 1702, and cQntains 2,864 inhabitants. 
 
 fVinJ/jjm, a port town of N. Hamp- 
 fl)ire, Rockingham co. is about 25 miles 
 S W of Exeter, and 40 from Portfmouth. 
 It contains 663 inhabitants. 
 
 WUiiiiamt a poR £<*\va of J\^ific, Cum- 
 
 berland CO. 134 miles N of Bofton. tt 
 was incorporated in 176a, and ^-ontaint 
 751 inhabitants. 
 
 IVitidbam, a'townfliip in Windham co. 
 Vermont, made in 1795, of the E half of 
 Londonderry. 
 
 iFindhemy a pofi: town in Green co. N. 
 York, 404 miles from WaHhington. 
 
 Windforf a towniliip of Nova-Seotia, la 
 Hants CO. near the river St. Croiz, which; 
 empties into the Avon. The riversf 
 Kenetcoot and Cocmiguen (fo called by 
 the Indians) run through this townfliipr 
 and empty into the Avon. On thefe riv- 
 ers are flourifliing fettlemcnts and fertile 
 land. Lime-Aone and plaftcr of Parir 
 are found here. The lake Potawock (fo 
 called by the Indians) lies between the 
 head of St. Margaret'^b Bay and the main' 
 road from Halifax to Windfor ; the great 
 take of Shubenaccadie lies on the E fide 
 of this road, about 7 mileyfrom it, and- 
 ai from Halifax. 
 
 IVindfor, a county of Vermont, bound-t 
 ed N by Orange, S by Windham, E by 
 Connetflicut River, and W by Rutland 
 and part of Addifon co. It contains 1% 
 townfliips, and 26,944 inhabitants. 
 
 Wind/or y a poft town of Vermont, and 
 capital of the above co. is on the V/ 
 bank of Connecticut River, 18 miles N 
 by W of Charleftown, in N. Hampfliirc, 
 45 E by S of Rutland, 80 miles N E of 
 Bennington, and 1^$ from Philadelphia. 
 The townfliip contains 2,211 inhabitants. 
 This with Rutland, is alternately the feat 
 of the State leglflature. 
 
 Windfor^ a hilly townfliip of Maffachu- 
 fetts, in Berkfliire co. 20 miles N N W of 
 Lenox, and 136 W of Bofton. The coun- 
 ty road to Northampton palTes through it, 
 alfo the road from Pittsfield to Deerfield. 
 It gives rife to Houfatonick and Weflficld 
 rivers, on which are 4 faw mills, and a- 
 cora mills. It was incorporated in 1771, 
 and contains 961 inhabitants. 
 
 IVindfor, a confiderable and very pleaf- 
 ant poft town of Hartford co. Connecticut,- 
 on the W fide of Connecticut River, about 
 7 miles N of Hartford. Ktie V/iudfor 
 Ferry River, formed by the jun<£tion of 
 Farmington and Poquabock Rivers, emp- 
 ties into the Conncdlicut from the weft. 
 Windfor Ferry River divides the town- 
 fliip into the upper and lower pariflic*; 
 It has 2,773 inhabitants. 
 
 J'Vmd/or, Eajh See Eaji Windfor. 
 
 Windfr a townfliip of N. Jerfey, Mld- 
 dlefcx CO. containing, in 1790, 2,838 iu- 
 habitants, iaciudins 1 90 flaves. 
 
 Windftfi 
 
W I N 
 
 W I N 
 
 , tVhiJpr^ a townflilp of Pennfylvanla, 
 in York co. having 1,495 inhabitants. 
 
 iVindfor,iL poft town and the cnpit'dl of 
 Bertie CO. N. Carolina ; on Cufhai River, 
 and contains 237 inhabitjjxits, a court- 
 houfe and gaol It is 23 miies W by S of 
 JEdcntcn, 18 from Plymouth, 97 from 
 Halifax, and 481 from Philadelphia. 
 
 JVindfor, a townfliip in L. Canada, on 
 the N E bank of St. Francis River, S E of 
 Shipton, adjoining. It has but about 3 
 or 4 families. 
 
 JVindrvard PaJJ'jge-, a rame given to a 
 courfe froir. tlic S E part of the ifiand of 
 Jamaica, in the W. Indies, and extending 
 for 160 leagMCS to the N fide of Crooked 
 Idand in the Bahamas. Ships have often 
 failed through this channel from the N 
 part of it to the illand of Cuba, or the 
 Gulf of Mexico, notwithftanding the com- 
 mon opinion, on account of the current, 
 ■which is againf^ It ; that they keep the 
 Bahama fhOre on board, and that they j 
 meet the wind in fuiraner for the moft j 
 jjart of the channel eafterly, wiiich with 
 a counter current on Ihore pulhes them 
 cafily through ?t. 
 
 IVindtvard Poin*, neat the cafterti Ex- 
 tremity of the illand of St. Chriflopher's, 
 is the E point of Sandy Plill Bay ; 1 miles 
 W N W of St. Anthony's Hill Point. 
 
 JVinee; Or Blaci: River^ in S. Carolina, 
 rifes in Camden diftrict, and running S E 
 through Cheraws into Georgetown dif- 
 tri(5l, unites with Pedee River, about 3 
 miles above Georgetown. 
 
 Winhnll^ a towndiip of Vermont, Ben- 
 nington CO. 30 miles N E of Bennington, 
 having ciSi inhabitants. 
 
 Winmptf>:r:^<-e^ a laVe in N. HampHiire, 
 jtnd the largcQ; collection of water in the 
 State. It is 23 mi Us in length from S E 
 to N \V, artd of very unequal breadth, 
 but no whet'c' more than 8 miles. Some 
 rery long necks of land projcdl into it ; 
 ?nd it contains feveral i Hands, large and 
 fmall, and on which rattle-fnakes arc 
 common. It abounds with iiili from 6 to 
 ao pounds weight. The mountains which 
 furround it give rife to many ftreams 
 •which flow into it ; and between it and the 
 mountains, are Icveral lefftr ponds, which 
 communicate with it. Contiguous to this 
 lake arc the townlliips of Mouitonbor- 
 oligh on the N VV, Tuftonborough and 
 Wolf borough on the N E, Meredith and 
 Gilmantown on the S W. From the S E 
 extremity of this lake, called Merry j 
 Meeting Bay, to the N W part called 
 Stnter H«rbour, there is good navigation 
 
 in the fummcr, and generally a good road 
 in the winter ; the lake is frozen about 3 
 mouths in the year, and many fleighs and 
 teams, from the circumjacent towns, crofs 
 it on the ice. See Aquedochton. Winni- 
 pifcogcc River coovcys the waters of the 
 lake -into Pemigewaffet River, through its 
 taftern bank at New Cliefter. I'he uni- 
 ted ftreams there t^ke the name of Mer- 
 rimack River. 
 
 fVhrhnd, a Country accidentally dif- 
 cbvcTcd by Biron or Biorri, a Norman, 
 in looi'; fuppofed to be a part of the 
 ifland of Newfoundland. It was again 
 vifited, and an intercourfe opened be- 
 tween it and Greenland. In 1221, Eric, 
 bifliop of Greenland, went to Winland 
 to recover and convert his countrymen, 
 who had degenerated into favages. This 
 prelate never returned to Greenland ; nor 
 v/as any thing more heard of Winland 
 for feveral centuries. 
 
 M'^inlock^ or JVenlock^'A townfnip of Ver- 
 mont, in EfTex co. W of Alinehead. 
 
 Wtnnfbago. a lake of the N W Territorv, 
 W of Michigan Lake, and S W of BaV 
 Puan, Into which it fends its waters. It 
 is about 15 miles long from E to W, and 
 6 wide. It receives a large flrcam from 
 the S W, called Crocodile River. Foi 
 River enters it fr5m the W,' and by it, 
 through Ouifccnling River, has commu- 
 nicati(m with Mifliljppi River, interrupt- 
 ed by a portage of only 3 miles. The 
 centre of the lake lies in lat. about 43 30 
 N, and long 88 10 W. See Ouifconjing 
 and Fox PJvers. 
 
 IVinntbagoes, an Indian nation inhabit- 
 ing round the lake of the fame name," 
 who can furnifli 2 or 300 warriors. Their 
 town ftands on an ifland at the E end of 
 the lake, of about 50 acres extent, and 
 diflant from Bay Puan 35 miles, accord- 
 ing to the courle of the river. The tovin 
 contains about 50 houfes, -which are 
 flrongly built with pallifades. ^ The land 
 adjacent to the lake is very fertile,abound- 
 ing fpontaneonfly with grapes, plums, 
 and other fruit. The people raife a great 
 quantity of Indian corn, beans, pumpkins,' 
 fq\jafl)ts, melons, and tobacco. The lake 
 abounds with iiOi, and in the autuniri or 
 fall, with geti'e, ducks, and teal, that are 
 very fat and V/ell flavoured by feeding 
 on wild rice, which grovirs plentifully 
 in thcfe parts. Mr. Carver thinks from 
 the refult of his inquiries of the origin, 
 language, and cuftoms of this people, that 
 originnlly re/idcd in fome of the prov- 
 inces of Mexico, and migrated to thisf. 
 
 counUy 
 
WIN 
 
 W I T 
 
 <?ountry about the year 1670. Their 
 language is different from any other yet 
 dii'covcred ; and they converfe with oth- 
 er nations in tJie Chippcway tongue 
 
 IVinnipe^, or Winnepeck, a lake in U. 
 Canada, N W of Lake Superior. It hes 
 between lar. 51 and 54 N, and Ion. 95 30 
 and 99 W. It is 21 7 miles long, including 
 Bafcelcoggan or Play Green Lake, its 
 iiortlicrn arm ; and is 100 miles broad 
 from- the Canadian Houfe on the E fide, 
 to Sable river on the W iide. It receives 
 the waters of a number of fmall lakes in 
 every direction, and exhibits a number of 
 imal! ifles. The lands on its banks arc 
 faid, by Carver and other travellers, to be 
 very fertile, producing vafl; quantities of 
 ^vild rice, and the fugar tree in great 
 plenty. Tlie climate is confiderably 
 liiore temperate here than it is upon the 
 Atlantic coaft, 10° farther fouthward. 
 It is the refervoir of feveral great rivers. 
 Nelfon River conducSls its waters into 
 Hudfon Bay. In lat. 51 45 it contracts 
 itfelf and is but two miles wide. This 
 lake and others in this quarter.havetheir 
 banks on the N formed of black and grey 
 rock, on the S by a low, level country, 
 with ridges of limeftone ao, 30, or ao 
 feet high. The inhabitants round this 
 lake are a few Knifteneaux and Algon- 
 quin tribes. No maple trees are found 
 W of this lake. 
 
 Winnipeg., LittL', a lake which lies W of 
 the former, and has communication with 
 Lake Mtnitoba, on the S, which lad fends 
 the waters of both into Winnipeg Lake, 
 in an E N E courfe. It is 80 miles long 
 and 15 broad. Fort Dauphin is fcated 
 on a lake contiguous, on the W, whofe 
 waters empty into this lake. Dauphin 
 Fort lies in lat, 51 46 N, andlon. IC054W. 
 
 Winnipeg River y runs N W into the lake 
 of its name. It is the outlet of the wa- 
 ters of a vafl: chain of lakes ; the chief of 
 w^hich are La Plue and Lake of the 
 Woods. The lat. of the Provifum Store 
 at the bottom of the river, is 50 37 N. 
 
 Winnjhorougb, a pofl: town, and the cap- 
 ital of Fairfield co. S. Carolina ; fituatcd 
 on a branch of Wateree Creek, which 
 empties into the river of that name. 
 Here are about 25 houfes, a handfome 
 court houfe, a gaol, and a college called 
 Mount Zion college, which is fupported 
 by a refpedldble fociety of gentlemen, 
 and has been long incorporated. It is 30 
 miles N N W of Columbia, 130 from 
 Charlefton, 708 from Philadelphia, and 
 541 from Waflungton. 
 Vdu I. Nnnn 
 
 WinJloiVy a pofl town of Kennebeck cg. 
 Maine, on the E lide of Kenneheck R. 18 
 miles N of Augufta. Fort Halifax was 
 built at this place in 1734, on the point 
 of land at the confluence of Sebafticook 
 and Kennebeck riveis. This town is 88 
 miles N by E of Portland, an from Bof- 
 ton. It was incorporated ini77i, and 
 contain-d in 1790, 779 inhabitants, and 
 in 1800, 135:0. 
 
 Wintcrham, a place ill Amelia co. Vir- 
 ginia. Black lead is found licre ; but no 
 works for its manufaiElure are efiabllffi- 
 ed ; thofe wlio want it go and procure it 
 for themfelvc*. 
 
 IVinthropy a pcft town in Kennebeck co. 
 Maine, between Androfcoggin and Ken- 
 nebeck 1 ivers, about 10 miles from each ; 
 5 miles eaflerly of Monmouth ; 10 Why 
 S of liallowell, 57 N of Portland. The 
 townfliip was incorporated in 1 7 71, and 
 contains 1219 inhabitants. 
 
 Wiuibrop^s Bay, ou the N coafi: of the 
 ifland of Antigua. 
 
 Winion, a county of Orangeburg dif-. 
 tricfb, S. Carolina. 
 
 Winio:i, a pofl town of N. Carolina, 
 and capital of Hartford co. ou the S E 
 fide of Chowan river, a few m.lcs below 
 the place where Meherriti and Notta- 
 way join their waters. It has a court 
 houfe and gaol, and a few coinpaei houfes, 
 It is 12 miles from Murfrcelborough, 15 
 fiom the bridge on Bennet's Cteek, 130 
 S S E of Peteriburg, in Virginia, and 434 
 from Phiii.deiphia. 
 
 Winyaiv Bay, OU the coaft of S. Caro- 
 lina, communicates v.-ith the ocean iz 
 m.ilcs below Georgetown. See George^ 
 ioivft. 
 
 Wifi.aJ)'ctyZ port of entry and poft town 
 of Maine, Lincoln co. on the Vv" fide of 
 Shcepfcut river, 178 milts N E by N of 
 Boflon, and 659 from Walhingtcn. It was 
 formerly Pownaiborongh. It contains a 
 congregational church, and about 140 
 houfes. Its navigation is greater in pro- 
 porti(nito its fizc and nun;ber of inhabit- 
 ants than any part of Maflachufctts. A 
 gizette is pubUihed here, and the county 
 courts are held in it. W^ifcailct Point is 
 3 leagues from Crofs river. The exports 
 for one year, ending the 30rh of Septem- 
 ber 1794, amounted to 23,329 dollars. 
 A bank was eftablifhed here in ioC2. 
 
 Wdcharti Bayyh within the great found 
 in the Bermudas lilandsjn the W. Indies ; 
 fituatcd at the E part of the bottom or S 
 part of the Sound, having a fmall iflands 
 at the mouth of it. 
 
 Woiljoi, 
 
woo 
 
 woo 
 
 Woahooy one of the Sandwich Ides, in 
 the N. Pacific Ocean, 7 leagues N W of 
 Alorotoi Ifland. It is high land, and con- 
 tains 60,000 inhabitants ; and lias good 
 anchoring ground, in lat. zi 43 N, and 
 Ion. T5751 W. 
 
 JVoafanac/jJty, the name of the Delaware 
 nation-, in their language. 
 
 Woapo, one of the Ingraham Idands, 
 3efs in Hze than Chriftiana. The body 
 of it lies in lat. 9 17 S. It bears N W by 
 W, about ao leagues from Refulutioa 
 !Bay, It was called Adams, by Capt. In- 
 graham ; and a fmall ifland to the louth- 
 xvard of it he called Lincoln. Capt. Rob- 
 erts afterwards difcovcred ihem and 
 named them from his fliip and fchooner ; 
 <he larger Jefferfon, and the lefier Ecfo- 
 lutio /?. 
 
 IVoourn, a poft town of MaiTichiirctts, 
 iVIiddlefex CO. 10 miles N of Bofton. It 
 was incorporated in 1642- bv the name of 
 Wool)o,ne,&r\{!L was till then known by the 
 name of Charhfoivn Village. The wert:- 
 trly parifli was lately fet off and incor- 
 porated by the name of Burlington. It 
 contains 12,28 inhabitants, 
 
 Wolcottt a towniliip of Vermont, in Or- 
 leans CO. S of Craftlbury, containing 47 
 inhabitants. I.a Moillc rivcrj runs N 
 ivcftward through it. 
 
 JVolcctt, a town in Conncdlicut, N. Ha- 
 ven CO. near Fairfield. It has 94S inhab- 
 jtants. 
 
 JVo'f, a fmall boatahle river of Ten- 
 rfTee, which runs wefterly into rxIilTifippi 
 rircr, about 19 miles S of Hatchy river, 
 and SS from Rtelfoot. It is 50 yards 
 "ivide feveral miles from its mouih, which 
 is very near the S W corner of the State, 
 in lat. 35. 
 
 WoIfLorougb, a townfliip of N- Hamp- 
 rflure, Strafford co. on the E fide of Wiii- 
 iiipifiogee Lake, and contains 941 inhab- 
 itants. It has fome fine farms, and par- 
 ticularly that which formerly belonged to 
 Gov. Went worth. 
 
 Wolves I/lands, lie near Campo Bello Ifl- 
 and, on the E coaft of Maine. Between 
 thele the foundings are from 30 to 100 
 fathoms. N lat. 44 48, W loa. 65 40. 
 From Grand Manan Ifland to Wolves 
 Iflands the courfe is N R by N 3 le-.-.gucs. 
 
 Womeldorf, a poft town of Pennfyiva- 
 "nla, in Berks co. on the W fide of a fmull 
 Jlream v/hich fails into Tu'pehockcn 
 Creek. It contain^ about 40 houfes, and 
 a German Lutheran and C;dvini(t church. 
 It is 68 miles N W of Philadelphia. 
 
 }Vc:,J. a county of Virginia, bounded N 
 
 by Harrifon co. containing iti; inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Woodbridge, a pofl town of N. Jcrfey, 
 Middlefex co. on the great road from N'. 
 York to Philadelphia, on a ftream which 
 falls into Arthur KuII, above Amboy. It 
 is about 3 miles N by W c>f Amboy, 10 S 
 W of Elizabeth Town, and 70 N £ of 
 Philadelphia. The townfliip contained, 
 ini790, 3550 inhabitants. 
 
 fVoodbridgCy a townlliip of ConnecTticut, 
 N. Haven CO. about 7 miles N W of N. 
 Haven city. It has 2198 inhabitants. 
 
 Woodbury, a townfliip of Vermont, in 
 Caledonia CO. 35 or 20 miles V/ N W of 
 Barnct, having '^3 inhabitants. 
 
 Woodbury, a po(t town of N. Jerfey, 
 and capital (^f GluucefterCo. fituated near 
 a {inall flreim which empties into the 
 Delaware below Red Bank. Ir contains 
 about 80 houfes, a handfome brick court 
 houfe, a Quaker meeting houfe, and an 
 academy. Several of the houf':s are neat 
 and handfome It is 9 miles S of Phila- 
 delphia, 11 NE of Sv.'cdefourg, and 155 
 from Wafliington. Alio, the name of a 
 townfliip of Pcnnfylvania, in Huntingdcn 
 county. 
 
 Wijcdhurw^ Y*^(i town of Connc(5Hcul, 
 in Litchfuld co. 8 miles S of Litchfield. 
 It was fettled in 1672, and contains 19^4 
 inhabitants. 
 
 JVood C.ef^,a fiuggiHi flrcam which rifcs 
 in the high lands, a little E of Fort Ed- 
 ward, on Hudfon's river ; and after run- 
 nit)g 25 miles, falls into tliiC head of lake 
 Champlain at Skenefl)oro. It has a fall 
 at ils mouth, othcrwife it is navigable 
 for battcaux for so miles up to Fort 
 Anne. 
 
 Wood Creel, runs weflward, and emp- 
 ties its waters into Oneida Lake. It is a 
 crooked, fluggifli flre^m, 3 or 4 yards 
 wide. Thirteen canals have been cut 
 acrofs fo many necks of land to render 
 it more flraight. A mile and a half from 
 the lake it unites with Fifli Creek, vhich 
 is 66 yards wide. The Oneida Indians 
 have rcftrved half a mile wide on each 
 fide of this Crctk, for 20 miles from its 
 mouth, for the purpole of catching fal- 
 mon. 
 
 Woodford, a county of Kentucky, on 
 Ohio river, between Kentucky and Lick- 
 ing rivtis. It contains 6452 inhabitants, 
 of whom 2058 are in flavery. Chief town, 
 Verfciilles. 
 
 Wudford, a townfliip of Vermont, E of 
 Bennington, adjoining. It contains 138 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Wood 
 
woo 
 
 WOR 
 
 PFoDd Ijlantf, on the fea coaft of Maine, 
 5 leagues N E of Cape Porpoife, and S 
 Why S 4 leagues of Richmao's Illand. 
 
 lVood/i9ro\ A i>o(t tovva ill Frederick 
 CO. Maryland, 57 miles frnm Wafliingtc^n. 
 
 Woods, Lake of the^ the nioft iioi theni in 
 the Uuitcd States, is fo called from the 
 large quantities of u-ood growing on its 
 banks ; fuch as oak, pine,- fir, fpruce, &c. 
 This lake is fuppcfed lo be the fource or 
 coadudlor of one branch of Bourbon riv- 
 er. Its length from E to W is faid to 
 be about fevtnty miles ; and in fome 
 places it is 40 miles wide. In lat. 49 ^ 
 N, Ion. 94:^ W, is a portage 50 paces long. 
 It is on an illaac!, and called Portage du 
 Rat. The Killiflinoe Indians encamp on 
 its borders to filli and hunt. This 
 lake is the communieatioii between the 
 lakes Winnipeg, Bourbon, and Lake Su- 
 perior. This lake is worthy of notice, 
 as by treaty a line from its N W point 
 due \H to the MiiTilippi, is a boundary of 
 the United States. But fuch a hue can 
 never exift. The N W part of the lake is 
 in lat. 49 37 N, and Ion. 94 31 W. The 
 foiirce of the molt northern braiich of 
 the Milhiippijisin lat. 47 38 N, Ion. 95 6 
 W, as afcertained by Mr. Thompfon, Ai- 
 tronomer to the N. W. Company. He 
 alfu found the northern bend of the Md- 
 louri in lat. 47 32 N, Ion. loi 25 W. So 
 that a line due W can never ftrike that 
 
 river. Mackenzie. 
 
 Wooi^flock, a poft town of Windfor co. 
 Vermont. It has a court houle and about 
 jodwtllino- houfes. It lies N W of Wind- 
 for, ridjoining, and contains 2132 inhab- 
 itants. Waterquechie river paiTcs through 
 the centre of the town, on the banks of 
 which ftand the meeting houfc and court 
 houfe. 
 
 JVoodJlocl, a townfliip of N. York, in 
 Ulfler CO. bounded E by Kingflon, Hur- 
 ley and Marbletown, and M' l)y Delaware 
 river, it contains IZ44 inb.ibitants. 
 
 V/uodJlock^ a i'mall pofl town of N. Car- 
 f/iina, on the E fide of Pamplico river. It 
 is fituated in Hyde co. 354 miles from 
 Wanilngton. 
 
 IVoodjhck, a confulerable and plcafant 
 townfliip of good land, in the N E coriicr 
 of Conneclicut, Windham co, divided in- 
 to 3 parillies. This townlliip, which is 
 7 miles fquare, was granted by the gen- 
 eral court of Maflachuletts, Nov. 1683, 
 and was fettled by 39 families from Rox- 
 bury in 1688. This town remained un- 
 der the jurifdiiffion of Maflachufetts till 
 about the year 1760, iiuce which lime it 
 
 has belonged to Connecfticut. It is 66 
 miles S W of Bofton, 45 N H of Hartford, 
 22 S \V of Wv.rccfter, 33 N W of Provi- 
 dence, and about the iame ddtanec N of 
 Norwich. It has 2463 inhal>itants. 
 
 IVooJjlochy a port town of Virginia, feat 
 of jnlbce and capital in Shenandoah co. 
 It contains about 2CO houfts, a court 
 houfe and gaol. The inhabitants are 
 mollly Germans and their defcendants. 
 It is 1% miles from Strafburg, and iia 
 from W"aniington, 
 
 Woodfloivn^ a pod town of N. Jerfey, 
 Salem co. and contains about 4c or 50 
 houfe?. It is 12 miles N by E of Salem, 
 31 N by W of Bridgetown, and 26 S S W 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 WoodviUe, a jjofl town in Culpepper 
 CO. Virginia, 94 milfs from Wafliinglon. 
 
 ^Fi;oi/y Po//?/, one of tlie limits of Hope 
 Bay, on the N W coaft of N. America, 
 as Breaker's is the other. It is in about 
 lat. ,^0 41 N, ]ou. 130 25 W. 
 
 Wooliuich^ a townlliip of Gioucefter co, 
 N. Jerfey. 
 
 Woolivich^ a townfliip of Lincoln co. 
 Maine, on the E iide of Kenneheck river, 
 S of Pov.'aaiborough, containing 868 in- 
 habitan s. 
 
 WuonJ'jket Falls, on Blueflone river, in 
 Smithrield, Rhode bland. 
 
 JVorccj1ir,7i large and populous countv 
 of Mafi'achufetts. It contains 50 town- 
 iliips, 53 Congregational churches,5io,236 
 acres of unimproved land, and 207,430 
 under cultivation, and 61,192 inhabitants. 
 It is about 50 miles in length, from N to 
 S, and 40 hi breadth ; bounded S almofl 
 equally by the States of Connecticut and 
 Rhode liland, and N by the State of N. 
 Hampfliire. On the E it is bounded chief- 
 ly l->y jMiddlefex co. and W by Hampfhire 
 
 CO. 
 
 IVorcep.r, a poft town of MafTachufetts, 
 and capital of the above county. It is the 
 largeft inland town of N. England, and i* 
 lituated about 45 miles W of Bodon. s% 
 N E of Springfield, and 300 N £ of Phi- 
 lidelphia. 1 he public buildings in this 
 town are 2 Congregational churches, a 
 handfome court houi'o, and a llrong ilone 
 ^aol. The inhabitants are 241 1, v/ho 
 have a large inland trade, and manufac- 
 ture pot and pearl aih, cotton and linen 
 goods, bclide feme other articles. The 
 compact: part of the town Oinntains about 
 150 neat houfes, fituated in a healthv 
 vale, principally on one flreet. Printing 
 in its various branches, is carried on verv 
 exteafivolv in this town bv Ifaiah Thorn- 
 
WRi 
 
 WYO 
 
 as, Efq. who in the year 1791, printed a 
 editions of the Bible, the one the large 
 royal quarto, the firft of that kind publiili- 
 ed in America, the other a large folio, 
 with 50 copper plates, befide feveral oth- 
 er books of confequence. His printing 
 apparatus has been reckoned the largefl: 
 in America. This townfliip, part of 
 •what was called Quinjlvamond by the In- 
 dians, was incorporated in 1684 ; but be- 
 ing depopulated by Indian hoftilities, the 
 firft town meeting was held in 172a. It 
 has been contemplated to open a canal 
 between Providence, in Rhode Illand, and 
 this town. N lat. 42, 23, W Ion. 71 44. 
 
 JVorceJtt-r, a townfliip of Penni'ylvania, 
 in Montgomery co. 
 
 JVorccJii-r^ the S eafiernmoft county of 
 Maryland, having Somerfet co. and Chef- 
 apeak Bay W, Sincpuxent Bay E, which 
 opens to the N. Atlantic Oce -n, and Ac- j 
 comae CO. in Virginia S. It is well water- ! 
 ed by Pocomoke, Aflatigul, and St. Alar- j 
 tin's river. It contains 16,370 inhabit- ( 
 ants, including 439S flaves. Chief town, { 
 Snowhill. ! 
 
 W'>r!fjti-r, a townfliip of Vermont, in I 
 the eafteimnofl part of Chittenden co. 
 about 25 miles E of Burlington, having 
 25 inhabitants. j 
 
 IVorm-ville, a town in the Miflifippi Ter- ; 
 ritory. . 
 
 l^Vorthhnrton, a poft town of Maffachu- I 
 felts, in Flampnifie co. \') miles W by N j 
 of Nortlinrnpton, and 408 from Wafliing- 1 
 ton. It was incorporated in 1768, and ! 
 contains 1223 inhabitants. } 
 
 IVrtnihan:^ the IVollLTn tniippouge of ths \ 
 Indians, a pofl tov/n of Norfolk co. Maf- i 
 fachufetts, on the poH: road from Bofton : 
 to Providence, '27 miles S S W of Bofton, I 
 and 1 3 N E of Providence, containing 
 lo(>x inhibltants ; formerly a p^rt of | 
 Dedham, incorporated in i66r. There j 
 is a cur- oils cavern in this town, called ( 
 Wampoms Rosl\ from an Indian family of i 
 that name who lived in it for a number j 
 cf years. It 's ab-)ut 9 feet fquare, and 8 
 feet high, lelTenlng froai the center to 
 about 4 feet. It is fiirrounded by broken 
 rocks, and now ferves as a flielter for cat- 
 tle and flieep, as do feveral others here, 
 formerly inhabited by Indians. 
 
 IVr'tghtjhorfju^h^ a fmall fett'ement or 
 vill;'.ge on Little river, a branch of the 
 Savannah, about 30 miles from Augufla. 
 It was fettled by Jofeph Mattock, E.mcj. 
 one of the Friends, v/ho named it after 
 Sir James Wright, then governor of Geor- 
 gia, who promoted its eftablifliraent. 
 
 WrighiJlQiun, in Buck's CO. PennfylvaniK, 
 4 miles N of Newtown, and 4 W of Dei- 
 aware river. 
 
 Wunalachtiios^ a tribc, the fecond ia 
 rank, of the Delaware nation. 
 
 Wyaconda^ a river of Louifiana, which 
 falls into the Miflifippi, 34 miles below 
 Riviere du Moins. 
 
 IVyaliiftng, a poft town of Pennfylvania, 
 Luzerne county, 317 miles from Wafli- 
 ington. 
 
 JVyaluzing Creel in Luzeme CO. Penn- 
 fylvania, falls into the E Branch of Suf- 
 quehannah river, 3 E of Tioga Point. 
 
 Wymoa R>ad^ in the N. Pacific Oeean, a 
 place of anchorage at Atooi Ifland, one of 
 the Sandwich lilandsjin lat. 21 57 N, and 
 Ion. 159 47 W. It is at the S Wfidc, and 
 about 6 miles from the W end of the ifl- 
 and. The illand is about 10 league* 
 long, and 2,3 leagues N W of Woahoo 
 Ifland. 
 
 IVyondotts, or W'tatidats^zn Indian nation 
 reliding near Fort Detroit, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the Ottawas and Putawa- 
 times, whofe hunting grounds am about 
 Lake Erie. The number of warriors, 2^'^ 
 years ago, were, Wyondotts, 250, Otta- 
 was 400, Putawatimes 150. Another tribe 
 of the Wyondotts live near Sanduflcy, a- 
 mong the Mohickons and Caghnawagas, 
 who together have 300 warriors. At the 
 treaty of Greenville, in confequence of 
 lands ceded to the United States, the lat. 
 ter agreed to pay them a fum in hand, 
 and in goods to the value of 1000 dollars 
 a vear for ever. 
 
 Wynton, the chief town of Hertford co. 
 Edenton diftriA, N. Carolina. 
 
 Wyoming, a general name formerly giv- 
 en to a tra'ft of country in Pcnnfylvanin, 
 on Sufquehannah R. above Wilkfharre. 
 In the year 1778, the fettlemcnt which 
 was known under this name, confiftcd of 
 8 townfliips, each containing 5 miles 
 fqnare, fettled from ConnecSlicut, and 
 originally under its jurifdit5Iion, and pro- 
 duced great quantities of grain of all fort", 
 fruit, hemp, flax, &c. inhabited by about 
 1000 families, who had furniflied the 
 continental army with near looofoldiers, 
 befide various fupplies of provifions. &c. 
 In the month of July, all thefc flouriflilng 
 fettlem.ents were reduced by the Indians 
 and torics to a ftate of defolation and 
 horror, almoft beyond defcription. [Sec 
 V/epmorclnnd.] In the vicinity of Wyom- 
 ing is a bed of coal, of the open burning 
 kind, which gives a very intenfe heat. 
 Wyominjj Falia lie about a miles above 
 Wilkfbarre, 
 
XAL 
 
 YAD 
 
 Wiikfbarre, and 8| miles above Nantl- 
 koke Falls. N lat. 41 14, W Ion. 75 ^3- 
 
 IVyortoke Creek, in N. Carolina, lies with- 
 in or about lat. 36 30 N. The charter of 
 Carolina, in 1664, extended the bounds 
 eaftward as far as the N end of Currituck 
 Inlet, upon a flralght line wcfter'.y to this 
 creek. 
 
 Wyihe, a CO. of Virginia, f:vd to be lao 
 miles in length and nearly 50 in breadth ; 
 bounded N by Kanhaway, anc S by N. ! 
 Carolina. There are lead r^iines in this 
 county, on the Great Kanhaway,25 miles 
 Irom the line of N. Carolina, which yield 
 from 50 to 8olbs. pure lead from loolbs. 
 wa tiled ore, but moft commonly 60 ro HX). 
 Two of them are workei by t!ie public ; 
 the beil: of which is 100 yards under the 
 hill ; and although there are not more 
 than 30 labourers gcnevaHy employed, 
 they might employ 50 or 6o to advantage. 
 The labourers cultivate tlieir own corn. 
 Twenty, 25, and fometimes 60 tons of 
 lead have been extrad:ed from thefe 
 mines in a year It contains 5549 free 
 inhabitants, and 831 flaves. Chief tov/n, 
 Evandiam. The court houfe i» on the 
 poft road from Richmond to Danville, in 
 Kentucky, 301 miles from the former, and 
 2^%% from the latte--. Tt is 46 miles from 
 Montgomery court houfe, 57 from Abing- 
 don, and •;},<, i from Wafhington. A poft 
 ofEce is kept here. 
 
 >A AGUA, a harbour on the S E coafc of 
 the ifland of Cuba, and one of the finefl: 
 ports in the W. Indies. It lies between 
 the Idands of Pines, or Pinez, and Spirito 
 Santo. 
 
 Xahtes, Santos, or All Saints JJlands^ fo 
 named from their being difcovered on 
 that Holy Day, by the Spaniards, on the 
 S E fide of the ifland of Guadaioupe, and 
 in its jurifdidtlon. The moR wefterly of 
 thefe three ifies is called Terra de Bas, or 
 the Lbw Ifland, and the mofl: eafterly Ter- 
 ra de Haut, or the High Ifland. The 
 third, which lies exa;5lly in the middle 
 between the other two, is little other than 
 a barren rock, and helps to form a very 
 good harbour. 
 
 Xal'ifcQ, a province of New Spain, and 
 the mod foutherly on the coafl of Guad- 
 alajara audience. It is bounded S and W 
 by theS. Sea ; E by Guadalajara Proper, 
 and Mechoacan, and divided from Chia- 
 metlan, on the N by a narrow flip of land 
 kelong'ng to Guadalajara, eitending into 
 
 the fea. It is not above 150 miles in ex- 
 tent either way. It has frlver mines, and 
 abounds with Irdian wheat, but has few 
 cai'-le. The oil of the Liferr.al Fi^ ire, as 
 the Spaniards call i% is brought f.-cm. this 
 province. It is fa^d to be eificacious in 
 diffolving turners, expelling of wind, and 
 ail cold humors, bv anointing the l^lJy, 
 and taking a few drops of it in a glafs of 
 v/ine, as aiio by clyfters. It is alfo faid 
 to cure ulcers in the Iiead, and deafnefs. 
 'i'he Indians are numerous here, and are 
 reckoned braver nnd more polite than 
 their neighbouring countrymen. The 
 Xalifco, an ancient city, is the capital, yet 
 the mofl: confidcrable place in it is Com- 
 poftflla. 
 
 Xcnayes, Lagupa df los, a large h'.kc of 
 Para'Vi'ay, in S. America, formed by the 
 river Paraguay, in its courfe from N toS. 
 
 Xeres d-: la Fronicra, a lov.'ti in the 
 fouthernmofl parr of Zacatecas, province 
 of Guadilajara audience, in N Spain, ia 
 N. An-.L-rica. It is gariifoned for defend- 
 ing the mines againfl the hoftile Indians. 
 
 J- ABAOUE, one of the Lucayos, or Ba- 
 hama ifland, fituated S W of Meguana 
 Ifland. .N lat. ^t 30. 
 
 Yadk'm, a confiderable river of N. Caro- 
 lina, which rifes in the Alleghany Aloua- 
 tains, running E about 60 miles, then turn- 
 ing to the S S E pafles the Narrows, a 
 few miles above Rocky river ; thence di- 
 reAing its courfe through Montgomery 
 and Anfon counties, enters S. Carolina. 
 It is about 400 yards broad where it paf- 
 fes Salifbury, but it is reduced between 
 % hills, about 1$ miles to the fouthward 
 of that tov.rn, to the width of 80 or 100 
 feet. Eor a miles it is naroov/ and rapid, 
 but the moft narrow and rapid part is not 
 above half a mile in length. In thi» 
 narrow part, fliad are caught in the fpring 
 of the year, by hoop nets, in the eddies, 
 as faft as the ftrongeft men are able to 
 throw them out. Perhaps there is not in 
 the United States a more e!igil:ile fituation 
 for a large mianufadturing town. Boats 
 with 40 or 50 hogfheads pafs cnfily from 
 thefe Rapids to Georgetown. The late war, 
 by which N. Caroliua was grartly con- 
 vulfed,put a flop to feveral iron works. 
 In 1790 there were 4 or 5 furnaces in th« 
 State that were in blaft, and a proportion* 
 able number of forges. There was i ia 
 Guilfoni CO. I in Surry, and i in Wilkes, 
 all on the yadk'n. From the moiitJi of 
 
 Ilockjr 
 
YACL 
 
 YC A 
 
 •Rocky r'r/er to the ocean, tlie (Ireafn af- 
 fumes the name of Great Feihc. 
 
 Yagarchoca^ a lake of Quito, witliin tlie 
 limits of the jurifdlAioa of Sna Ivligiiel de 
 Ibarra. It is famous for having been the 
 fepulchte of the Inliabicanti of Otabah), 
 when taken by Knayna Capac, the I2th 
 Inca ; who, infteaJ of rewarding their 
 magnanimity with clemency, was irritated 
 at the noble refiftjince whicli they made 
 agiinft his array, ordered them all to be 
 beheaded, and their bodies to be thrown 
 into the lake ; hence its name, which fig- 
 nities a lake of blood. 
 
 Tago^ St. or .?/. James^ an ancient town 
 on the N fide of St. Domingo Ifland, 
 founded before 1504, and tlie country 
 round is reckoned as healthy as any in the 
 ifland. It Is fituated on the high road 
 from La Vega to Duxavon ; 10 leagues 
 \V by N of the former, and 28 eaftcrly 
 of the latter, and about 10 from the an- 
 choring place of St. Yague, and nearly as 
 far from Port de Plate. It ftands on tho 
 northern fide of the river Yaqui, in a 
 I'avanna'i commanding tlie river. The 
 town is open, and regularly laid out, and 
 contains above 600 houfes. It is 52 
 leagues N N W of St. Domingo city, 34 W 
 by N of the bottom of Samana Bay, and 
 aa N W of Cotuy. The territory of 
 St. Yago, or Jago, contains a8,ooo fouls, 
 and is very fertile in mines. The fand 
 of Green and Yaqui rivers is mixed with 
 gold. Mercury is found at the head of 
 the latter river, and copper is alfo found 
 in this territory. The tree, guatapana, 
 which retains its Indian name, is found 
 here. It bears a fort of grain or pod, from 
 which is extracSted a very fine black dye. 
 
 Taguache, a lieutenancy of Guayaquil ju- 
 tifdidtion, in S. America. It lies at the 
 mouth of the river of the fame name, 
 which empties into that of Guayaquil on 
 the S fide, and has its fource irom the 
 fklrts of the Cordilleras, S of the river 
 Bamba. Within its jurifdicfcion are 3 
 towns ; the chief of which is that where 
 the cuflom houfe is ere(5ted, and called 
 San Jacint de Yaguache ; the 2 others are 
 Naufa and Antonche. It produceb wood, 
 cocoa, cattle, and cotton. 
 
 Tale College. See Neiu Haven. 
 
 TamacraiVi the ancient Indian name of 
 the fpot where Savannah, in Georgia now 
 (lands. Alfo the name of a tribe of the 
 Creek Indians. 
 
 Yuquc, Port St. vulgarly called GIJ Port, 
 a fmall anchoring place on the N fide of 
 the illaud of St. Domingo ; between Fad- 
 
 rtjvn AVefl, and Macoris Point F.a!l. 
 
 Vu^ui, (Jrr.ndy or Monte Clriji River, a 
 river of the N part of St. Domingo, which 
 runs a W N W courfe, and empties into 
 the Bay of Monte Chrift. It might be 
 afcended in canoes or fn;ail boats, for i? 
 leagues, were it not for the limbs of 
 trees which lodge in it. All its numexoiis 
 branches are from the fouthward. See 
 Monte Chriji. 
 
 Tardjhy't Ferry, on Delaware river is 3 
 miles N W of Trenton, in N. Jerfey, and 
 3 miles be'ovv M'Crankey's Ferry. 
 
 Tart, a town in Amazonia, S. America, 
 at the head of a branch of Amazonia riv- 
 er, Swefterly from Macapa. 
 
 Tarmouih, a poft town of Maffachufetts, 
 Barnilable co. on the peninfula, of C?.pe 
 Cod, 4 miles E of Earnflable, li E l)y S 
 of Sandwich, and 77 S E of Eofton. 1 he 
 harbour is defcrilied in the account of 
 Barnjlahle ; which fee. The towHifliip 
 extends fiomfea to fea. It was incorpo- 
 rated in 1639, and contains 1727 fouls. 
 
 Tartr.outh,-^ townfliip of Nova Scotia, 
 in Queen's co. fettled by New Englandert,. 
 It lies at the head of a iLort bay, 8 miles 
 S E of Cape St. Mary. 
 
 Tarunui, a plain 4 leagues N E of the 
 city of Quito, and 249 toifes lower than it. 
 Near it is a village of the fame name. 
 This fpot was pitched upon as the bafe 
 of the wJiole operations for meafuring 
 the length of an arch of the Meridian, by 
 Ulloa. 
 
 Ta%on River, in the Mlllifippi Territory, 
 confifts of 3 large branches which run a 
 fouthtrn courfe, and near its mouth thefe 
 unite and purfue a S W courfe a few 
 miles, and the confluent Aream enters the 
 eaftern bank of the MiHifippi, by a mouth 
 upwards of 100 yards wide ; according 
 to Mr. Gauid, in lat. 32 37 N, and by Mr. 
 Purcel,in 32 38. 
 
 Tu7:.oo Cliffs, or Aux Cotes, lie 7^ miles 
 from the river Yazoo, and 39 r miles from 
 Loufa Chitto, or Big Black river. 
 
 Tbague, a city of New Gianada, in Ter- 
 ra Firma. 
 
 Tea, ox Valverde, or the Green Vale,irora. 
 a valley of the fame name plaured with 
 vines, which is 6 leagues long, and produ- 
 ce, plenty of wine. It is about 41 miles 
 S E of Pifco, in Peru, and is inhabited by 
 500 Spaniards. It is a beautiful and rich 
 tov.-n, having a large church, 3 convents, 
 and an hofpital. About 6 leagues from 
 the town is its port, called Puerto Quem- 
 ada. 
 
 Tcaqiie, or IcjcQ, the northern pointof 
 
 the 
 
VOR 
 
 Y O R 
 
 tlie bay of Manccnilla, in the ifland of St. 
 Domingo. 
 
 Telloiv Mountahu See ^enejfee. 
 
 Tloy a port of Peru, in Los Charcos con- 
 venient for loading and unloading, in lat. 
 j8 S. The town of the fame name lies 
 about a quarter of a league to the wiid- 
 ward of the river, and is inhabited by In- 
 dian?. Frez'er calls it Jiilo. 
 
 Toh',ga'iy), the principal branch of Mo- 
 nongahela rivir, called alfo Toughingeny, 
 and Toxhiogen'r, purfaes a N W courfe, and 
 pafl'es through the Laurel Mountain, 
 about 30 miles from its mouth ; is. fo far, 
 from 300 to 150 yards wide, and the nav- 
 i station much obttrutfted in dry weather 
 l^y rapids and flioals. In its pafi'age 
 thr:)ugh the mountain it makes very great 
 falls, admitting no navigation for 10 miles, 
 to the Turkey foot. Tiicnce to tlie 
 (ireat Crolling, about 20 miles, it is again 
 jiavigable except in dry feafons, and at 
 this place is 200 yards wide. The four- 
 ces of this river are divided from t hole 
 of the Patovv^mack, by the Alleghany 
 jSfountain. . From the falls, vi'here it in- 
 terfeAs the Laurel Mountain, to Fort 
 (Jumberland, the head of the navigation 
 to the Patowmack, is 40 miles of very 
 mountainous road. Tlie country on this 
 liver is uneven, but in the vallies the foil 
 is extremely rich. Near to Pittfl)urg the 
 country is well peopled, and there, a«» 
 well as in Redflune, al! the comforts of 
 life are in the greateft abundance. This 
 whole country abounds with coal, which 
 1 C3 almoft on the furface of the ground. 
 
 Tonkers^z '^oi\. town of N. York, in W. 
 Chefler co. bounded E by Bronx river. 
 It contains 1176 inhabitants. 
 
 To'nig Frederick's JJlunJ, on the N. W. 
 coaft of N. America, divides Port Ingra- 
 
 Iiara. See Port Ingrahnm. 
 
 York, a river of Virginia, which takes 
 its rife near tlie Blue Ridge, and empties 
 into the Chefapeak, a little S of Mobjack 
 Bay. At York Town it atFords the beft 
 harbour in the State, which will admit 
 vnirels of the largeft lize. The river 
 there narrows to the width of a mile, and 
 is contained within very high banks, clofe 
 under which the veflels may ride. It has 
 4 fathom3 water at high tide, for zo miles 
 above York, to the mouth of Poropotank, 
 where the river is a mile and half wide, 
 and the channel only 75 fathoms pafling 
 under a very high bank. At the conflu- 
 ence of Pamunky and Mattapony it has 
 but 3 fathoms depth, which continues up 
 Pamuukyto CuniberlandjWhcrc the width 
 
 is 100 yards, and up Matapony to within 
 2 miles of Frazer's Ferry, where it be- 
 comes 28^; fathoms deep, and holds that 
 about 5 miles. 
 
 Tori^ a river of York co. Maine, which 
 runs np 7 or 8 miles, and affords a tolera- 
 ble harbour for veflels under ico tons, 
 'i'he rocks, however, render it fomewhat 
 difficult and hazardous for ftrangers. 
 
 Tork^ a maritime and populous co. of 
 Maine, bounded E by Cumberland, S by 
 the ocean, \'/ by N. Hampfliire, from 
 which It is ftparated by Salmon Fall riv- 
 er, and N by Canada. It is well watered 
 by Saco, Moufom, and other ftreams, and 
 is divided into 20 townfliips,and contains 
 37,729 inhabitants. Chief town, York. 
 
 Tortus, poll town of Maine, in York co. 
 o miles N F. of Porlfniouth, in N. Fiamp- 
 fhlre, 20 S of Wells, and 75 from BoUoii. 
 N lat. 43 16. It is a port of entry and cap- 
 ital of the county. The river of Its name 
 empties into York harbour. It is navi- 
 gd-»le for veiTels of 250 tons. About a 
 mile from the fea is a wooden bridge, 
 acrofs the river, 270 feet in length, which' 
 was crecfled in 1761. Before the war,: 
 25 or 30 veflels were employed in the Wc 
 India trade, and coafling bufinefs, but 
 
 j their veflels 
 
 :aken or deflioved, 
 
 and little marine bujlnefs is now done, 
 except that a fmall filbery is fupportcd. 
 This townfl^ip was fettled in 1630, and 
 called Agamenticus^ from the hill of that 
 name which is a noted land mark for mar-, 
 ijiers. In 1640, or 41, Sir Ferdinand Gor-- 
 ges incorporate J a great part of it by the' 
 n.^.me of Gorgiuna, and appointed a mayor,. 
 aldermea, recorder, though this circum.-- 
 fiance feems not to have added to its 
 wealth or importance. In the year 1692, 
 the Indians took the town by furprlie, 
 and burnt moft of the houfes, and 150 
 perfbiis were killed or captivated. It 
 contains 2776 inhabitants. Fifli of vari- 
 ous kinds frequent the rivers and fliores 
 of the fea contiguous. In a calm feafon, 
 in the fummer, one may fhmd on the rocks 
 of the fliore, and catch thcni in the fea, 
 v/lth a line, or even with an angling rod| 
 and a fathom or two of hne. 
 
 Tork, a county of Pennfylvania, bound- 
 ed E and N E by Sufqueiiannah river, 
 which feparates it from Lancafter and 
 Dauphine counties, and S by the State of 
 Maryland. It contains 18 townfliips, and 
 25 643 inhabitants. 
 
 Tori, a poft town and capital of the 
 
 above county, fituated on the E fide of 
 
 Codcrus Cre.k, which empties into thp 
 
 SufquehannaK, 
 
YOR 
 
 YUC- 
 
 iSufquehannah. It contains about 500 
 houfcj, fevcrd of whicii are of brick. 
 Thjs town is regularly laid out ; the pub- 
 lic buildings are a court Iiuufc, a ftone 
 gao!, a record ofrice, handfomely builf, an 
 academy, a German Lutheran, a German 
 Caivinift, a Prelbytctiau, Roman Catho- 
 lic, and Moravian church, and a C^aker 
 meeting houfe. U is %z miles W S W of 
 Lancafter, 5 r N W by W of Hartford, in 
 Maryland, 199 N E of SLaunton, in Vir- 
 ginia, and 88 W of Phiiadclphia. 
 
 York, a diftridl cf S. Carolina, bounded 
 E by Catabaw river. N by N. Carolina ; 
 S by Cbeller co. and W by Broad river, 
 which divides it from Spariaaburg, aad is 
 one of the moft: a;^recable and healthy 
 parts of the ftate, and well watered by 
 G^tabaw and Broad rivers, and their 
 tributaries. It contains 10,248 inhabit- 
 ants, of whom i%o% are ilavcs. At the 
 court houfe is a pofl: olTice. 
 
 • Tork, a CO. of Virginia, bounded N by 
 York river, which dividd ic from G!ou- 
 icefter co. S by Wuwick ; K by Elizabeth 
 City CO. a.>m V/ by t'nat of James City. 
 It contains 1 211 free iahabicants, and 
 ao20 Haves. 
 
 Toil., or Torhioivn^ a pert of entry and 
 poft town of Virj^inia, and capital of York 
 CO. I-t is agreeably ntuated on the S fide 
 of York river, where the river is fudden- 
 Iv contracted to a narrow compaf'i, op- 
 pofite to Glouceftcr, and a mile diilant, 
 where there «s a fort fronting that on 
 the York fide, about 1 1 miles VV by S of 
 Toes Point, at the mouth of the river. 
 The banks of the river are very high, and 
 vefTels of the greateH: burden may ride 
 clofe under them with the greatetl fafe- 
 ly. It contains abojt 60 or 70 houfes, a 
 j^oal, an Epifcopal cliurch, and a tobacco 
 ware houfc. In 1790, it contained 661 
 inhabitants, of wiicm 37* were flaves. 
 Its exports, in the year 1794, amounted 
 to 71,578 dollars. It will ever be famous 
 in the American annals for the capture 
 of Lord Cornwalli?? and his army, by the 
 Ci)mbined forces of the United States and 
 France, which took place on the 19th of 
 OcTtober, 1781. It is iz miles E by ii of 
 Williamfburg, 21 N W of Hampton, 7a 
 E S E of Richmond, 350 S S W of Phi- 
 ladelphia, and 192 from Wafliington. N 
 lat. 37 2- i 30, W Ion. 'jG s^. 
 
 Tori, a town of Upper Canada, fituated 
 on the N W fide of Lake Ontario, and 
 is defigned to be the future feat of gov- 
 ernment of that province. The public 
 buildings are creiiliJg. It is 40 miles N 
 
 by W of Niagara Fort, and 1 10 W S W 
 of Kingflon. N lat. 43 45, W Ion. 79, 
 or 4 W of Philadelphia. 
 
 l^ori Bdy, is 9 miles long, and4 broad, 
 and fpreads to the fouthward before the 
 city ot N. York. It is formed by the con- 
 fluence of E. and Hudfon's rivers, and 
 embofoms fcveral fmail illands, of which 
 Governors Ifland is tlie principal. It 
 communicates with the Ocean through 
 the Narroivs., between Stiiten and l-ong 
 Ifiands, which are fcarcely 2 miles wide. 
 The pa.Tage up to N. York, from Sandy 
 Hook, the point of I^nd that extends fur- 
 theft into the leu, is fafe, and not above 
 20 miles in length. The connnon navi- 
 gation is between the E and W banks, 
 in about za feet water. The light houfc 
 at Sandy Hook is in lat. 40 30 N, and 
 Ion. 74 2 W. 
 
 Tori: Fo?-t^ on the S W ilioie of Hudfon's 
 Bay, at the mouth of Port Nelibn river, 
 is 160 miles wefterly of Severn Houfe, 
 N lat. 57 I 5 1> W Ion. 9246 40. 
 
 York Harbour, lies within the elbow 
 formed by S. Head, in the Bay of Illands, 
 Newfoundland iHand. 
 
 Tork JJhmd, one of tlie Galiipago illands, 
 on the coaft of Peru. 
 
 'J '(//-/} Jfd, or IJlands^ lie in S lat. 50 37, 
 about JO leagues from the coaft of Pata^^ 
 gonia, in S. America, and are inhabited. 
 Trinity lile lies due E of them near the 
 main land. 
 
 Tork Zi</^r<?, on the coaft of Maine, 
 Fiom York Harbour to York Ledge, the 
 courfe is S E 2 leagues. 
 
 Tork Mi;if,.r, on the S coaft of the iH- 
 and Terra del Fuego, is 19 leagues at E S 
 E from Gilbert llland. S lat. S5 26, W 
 Ion. 70 2?. 
 
 Tcrk RoaJ, or Bay, in the Straits of 
 Magellan, in S. America, is lo miles from 
 Cape Crofs Tide. S lat. $2, 39> W Ion. 
 73 52. 
 
 Torktotvn, a towniliip of N. York, Weft 
 Cheftcr co. E of Peekllcill, has 1716 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Touf'h Glades, 2l poft town Alleghany co. 
 Maryland, 173 miles from Wailn'ngton. 
 
 Toii^Lio'reny. See TJjogLtny. 
 
 Toungjloivn, a poft town in the co. of 
 Trumbull in the State of Ohio, contain- 
 ing in 1800, 503 inhabitants ; 66 miles N 
 W of Pittftjurg and 10 from Warren. Set- 
 tled from Pennfylvania and N. England. 
 The main branch of the Big Beaver di- 
 vides this town. It is 329 miles from 
 Waftiington. 
 
 TucaUny one of the 7 provinces of the 
 audience 
 
Z AC 
 
 ZU Y 
 
 audience of Mexico, in New Spain. The 
 Brltifli had a right to cut logwood and 
 carry it av/ay, by the treaty of 17 S3, in 
 the tra6t between Rio Konde and Balize 
 rivers. 
 
 ITuma, Bay of. See Higitty. 
 
 Tuna, a river of the illand of St. Domin- 
 go, which runs an E S E and E courfe, 
 and empties into the \V end of the Bay 
 of Samana. It rifes near Monte Chrift 
 river. It is navigable no farther than 
 Cotuy, 13 leagues fronx its mouth. 
 
 ZjACATECAS, a province of New 
 Spain, bounded by New Bifcay on the N, 
 by Panucoon on the E, Mechoacan, Gua- 
 dalajara, and Chiametlan on tlie S, and by 
 part of Chiametlan and Culiacan on the 
 W. It is well inhabited, and abounds 
 •with large villages. The mines here are 
 reckoned the richeft in America. 
 
 Zacatecas, the capital of the above 
 province, fituated under the tropic of 
 Cancer, 40 leagues N of Guadalajara, and 
 80 N W of Mexico. Its garrifon confifts 
 of about 1000 men, and there are about 
 800 families of flavcs, who work in the 
 mines and other laborious work. N lat. 
 23 29, W Ion. 103 ao. 
 
 Zacallan, a town of Mexico. See An- 
 gelas, 
 
 Zacatula, a fmall fcaport town of the 
 province of Mechoacan, lituated at the 
 mouth of the river of the fame name, en 
 the coaft of the Pacific Ocean. N l?.t. 1 7 
 7,2, W Ion. 104 58. 
 
 ^ Zacheoy or Dcfcchlo, a fmali ifland, 8 or 
 9 leagues to the N E by N of Mona, be- 
 tween the illand of St. Domingo, and that 
 of Porto Rico. It u nothing more than 
 a green mountain, 3oo or 1000 yards long. 
 Zamora, a city (»f Peru, in S. America, 
 aoo miles S of Q^tto, which is pretty- 
 large, and the hoults well built of timber 
 and (tone. The church and convent 
 of Dominicans, are both elegant flruc- 
 turcs. There are feveral gold mines in 
 the neighbourliood of the city, but few 
 of them are worked. S lat. 4 lo, W Ion. 
 
 77 5- 
 
 Zdiufville, a pofl: town, in the flate of 
 Ohio, on the Scioto river, about So miles 
 from its mouth. 
 
 Zoar, a tract of unincorporated land 
 in Berkfhire co. Mailachufetts, contain- 
 ing 215 inhabitants. 
 
 Zapotccas, a river of New Spain which, 
 runs N E into the Gulf of Mexico. A 
 fort of the fame name (lands on the N V/ 
 bank of the river, about 250 miles S Ji 
 from the city of Mexico. 
 
 Zeliio, or Ziltio, one of the forts for the 
 proteAion of the harbour of Carthagena, 
 on the N coafl of S. America. 
 
 Zitar, a town of Terra Firma, S. Amer- 
 ica, near to and S from the head of the 
 gulf of Darien. 
 
 Zoncolcucan, mountains in Guaxaca, in 
 New Spain, whi( h give rife to Papalca- 
 pain or Alvarad river. 
 
 Zonojbio, the chief town of the Seneca 
 Indians, 2 miles N of Seneca Lake. 
 
 Zuydt River, a name in Dutch maps giv- 
 en to Delaware river. 
 
 Vox.. I. 
 
 Ooos 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
A R K 
 
 B AL 
 
 j^lDAMS, a town In Grafton co. New 
 J^ampfliire, containing i8o Inhabitants. 
 
 AppoquiHimini,2. town in New Caflle co. 
 Delaware, containing 4245 inhabitants. 
 
 Ariaa/anv, zriyer of Louifiana, which 
 Jails into the Miflifippi, 158 miles above 
 the Yazoo river. It is fo called from 
 ^ nation of Indians of the fame name. Its 
 fource is nearly in the latitude ^f Santa 
 Fee in New Mexico, and it is faid to be 
 navigable for batteaux 750 miles. It runs 
 through an immenfely rich and fertile 
 country. About 10 or iz miles up this 
 river from the Miflifippi, there was for- 
 jmerly a fprt, garrifoned generally by a 
 company of Spanifli foldiers, for the pur- 
 pofe of defending the trade carried oh 
 between New Orleans and the feveral vil- 
 lages of St. Genevive, &c. and particular- 
 ly for defending the commerce with the 
 Arkanfaw Indians, confifting of about z8o 
 warriors who were as much attached to 
 the French intereft as the Chickafaws 
 were to that of the EngJifli. No fettle- 
 ments were made here except i or 2 for 
 the immediate accommodation of the 
 garflfon. The inundation of the Mifli- 
 iippi, about 3 years ago, occafioned the 
 evacuation of the above poft, and the 
 efliabliflmient of another on the nortji- 
 crn bank of the R. 36 miles higher up. 
 This poft confifting of a fubaltern's com- 
 luaod, 6 pieces of cannon and 8 fwivels, 
 vas attacked, about 18 months fince, by a 
 party of Chickafaws, who killed 10 fol- 
 jdiers of the garrifon, and fooij after con- 
 cluded a peace with the Spaniards. There 
 is a hamlet clofe to tlif fort inhabited 
 only by merchants and traders. The 
 Arkanfaw river difcjjarges itfelf into the 
 Miffifippi by two channels, about 15 
 miles from each other ; the uppermoft is 
 called Riviere Blanche, from its receiv- 
 ing a river of that name, reported to be 
 pavigahle 600 miles, and the foil through 
 which it runs ecjual ii) quality to any on 
 tJie Miflifippi. fiu Pvatz, 
 
 A/cot, a town in Lower Canada, on both 
 fides of St. Francis river, 15 miles N E 
 from the N E point of Lake Memphrem- 
 agog. This town is fituated in the cen- 
 ter of new fettlements, formed by emi- 
 grants from various parts of the United 
 States, chiefly from N. England, in this 
 part of Canada, and will probably be the 
 feat of juftice for a diftrid: embracing the 
 above fettlements. The townfliips are 
 laid out 10 miles fquare. This town con- 
 tains about 300 inhabitants and is faft in- 
 creafing. The country, in this neigh- 
 bourhood, is remarkably fine, covered 
 with fugar maple, intermingled with 
 butternut, elm, bafs wood and birch. 
 Wheat and corn are raifed here in large 
 crops. It is a good grazing country. 
 The river in this place is from 30 to 50 
 rods wide, andfurni flies fine fifli, fuch as 
 falmozi, ilurgeon, trout, pike, pickerel, 
 bafs, and eels. (See Shipton.'] The terri- 
 tory between the St. Lawrence and the 
 United States, is, a great part of it, laid 
 outintownfliips of 10 miles fquare and 
 18 faft fettling. Provifion is made by 
 the government for the maintenance of 
 free fchools, in all places where the inhab- 
 itants are able and difpofed to funiifli 
 fchool houfes. 
 
 AJhley, a town in Georgia, Lincoln co. 
 containing 498 inhabitants. 
 
 Athens, in Georgia, the feat of the Uni- 
 yerfity. 
 
 Augufa, a. town in Bracken co. Ken- 
 tucky, containing 143 inhabitants. 
 
 Augit/Ia, a townfliip of Oneida co. N. 
 York, on Oneida creek, S E of Oneida Caf- 
 tle; containing 1^98 inhabitants. 
 
 JLJAIE PAIRREy a fettlement in thp 
 Miflifippi territory, Pickering co. con- 
 taining 779 inhabitants. 
 
 Baltinwrcy a town in Sufi*ci co. Delaware, 
 containing 1395 inhabitants. 
 
BET 
 
 CAM 
 
 'Bar'kfdale^ a town In Lincolfl CO. Geor- 
 gia, containing 673 inhabitants. 
 
 Barnjlon^ a townlliip in Lower Canada, 
 on the line which divides Vermont from 
 Canada, having Stanftead W, and Camp- 
 ton N, and contains about ^00 fouls. 
 
 Barree, (formerly Wildcnburgh ;) a 
 townfhip in Orange co. Vermont, con- 
 taining 919 inhabitants. 
 
 Batavia, a town in Geneflee co. N. 
 York, on the great road to Niagara, 10 or 
 12 miles W of Geneflee river. Here is 
 a haudfome court houfe, and a number 
 of dv/elling houfes, whofe appearance is 
 indicative of an infant though tluiving 
 ^Jttlement. This town is fituated within 
 the limits of an extenfive tracSljpurchafed 
 by a company of Hollanders, called the 
 " Dutch purchafe," and is fettiing under 
 their diredlion. Greiv. 
 
 i)a//6, in Grafton co. N. Hampfliire .The 
 Great Amonoofock pafles through a cor- 
 ner of this town, andfurnilhes a variety 
 ,of excellent mill feats. Already, in 1803 
 are eredled ^ grift mills, 2, fav/ mills, i 
 forge, I clothiers works, and a carding 
 michine. In the towns adjacent, is found 
 ore of an excellent quaiity, ab()it,t 12 miles 
 from this forge ; a iiaiKlibme meeting 
 houfe with a fteeplelias lately been ete(Sl- 
 ed in this town. 
 
 Bi'.ion Rouge., a fettlcment on the K fide 
 of the MUrifippi, above the pariih of Man- 
 chac, which is about 9 leagues in extent, 
 26 leagues below New GrJ.eans. It is 
 the fir ft place on the river v.'here hard 
 land approaches the river. Here it rifes 
 30 or 40 feet above the highcft Hoods, and 
 extends a conf^derable difta^ice back be- 
 fore it finks into fwamp?. ^'liomfon's 
 Creek, and Bayou Sara are fubordinate 
 to Baton Rouge. Tlie head v/aters of 
 thefe creeks ai-e above hx. 31. Tlieir 
 banks have the beft foil, and' more num- 
 erous cotton plantations than any other 
 part of Louifiana. In this plantation is 
 a remarkable cyprefs tree ; a ihip carpen- 
 ter offered to make 2 pettyaugres from 
 it, one of 14, and one of 16 tons. " It rifes 
 fooutof fight that the height could ne\er 
 be meafurcd." One of the firft adventur- 
 ers v»'ho landed here, happened to fay, 
 t lat tree would make a good walking 
 ftick, and cyprefs wood being red, the 
 place was called Baton Jiouo^. 
 
 Dii Piatz, Jcffcrjm. 
 
 Belle Fottr.talne, a village in the Indiana 
 t'^rritory, St. Claire co. containing 286 
 j.ihabitants. 
 
 BcthUham, a town in Grafioji co. N. 
 
 Hampfhlre, containing 171 inhabitant*. 
 
 Big Black, a fettlement in the Miffifippi 
 territory, Pickering co. containing ij8 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Big Springs in Geneffee co. N. York, 
 a few miles W of Geneflee river, in the 
 town of Southampton, on the road to Nia- 
 gara is reckoned a great curioflt3^ The 
 water which iilues from it, covers feveral 
 acres, and forms a ftream fuflicient to 
 carry feveral mills, which are fituated on 
 it. GV^xf. 
 
 Bolton, 2i toy/nfliip, in L. Canada, onthg 
 W fide of the northern part of Mem- 
 phremagog, having about ajo inhabitants, 
 20 miles W of Afcot. 
 
 Bridgeport, Fairfield CO. See Nenvjield. 
 
 Broad Creek, a town in Suffex co. Dela- 
 ware, containing 1819 inhabitants. 
 
 Brampton, a towiifhip cn the S W bank 
 of St. Francis, inL. Canada, N W of Afcot, 
 and has about 100 inhabit imts. 
 
 BrookUne, tov/nfliip, in Windham co. 
 Yermont, was made out of part of Athens 
 and Putney, in 1794, 
 
 Buffalo-: and Bute Sarah, fettlcments in 
 the Miflifippi territory, Adams co. con- 
 taining 635 inhabitant:-. 
 
 'UABAP.RAS Co. in N. Carolina. On a 
 creek in this co. a bed uf gold ore has late- 
 ly been found, from which has been tak- 
 en a lump of 2,8ibs. cftimated to be worth 
 between 5 and 6000 dollars. I'he land, 
 on V, hich this ore is found, belongs to 
 Mr. John Reed, a native of Hefl:e Caffel, 
 Germany. North CarcUna jjajjer, Dec. 5, 
 1803. 
 
 Camhriif, a fettlement confifting of 
 20,coo acres, formed by emigrants from 
 Wales, on the waters of Conemaug and 
 Black Lick, in Somerfet co. Pennfylva- 
 nla, begun in the autumn of 1796. In 
 this fettlement is laid out a town named 
 Beula,\ mile fquare ; 395 acres in which 
 are appropriated to the benefit of the firft 
 fettlcrs for public buildings, fchools, a li- 
 brary, and for tlie encouragement of agri- 
 culture and nianufaiflurcs ; and 2C0 acres 
 in the fettlement, for the difiemiuating of 
 religious knowledge. It is 13 miles from 
 the Frankflown branch of the Juniata, 13 
 from the W branch of the Sufquehanna, 
 14 from Clearfield creek, and 8 from 
 Cheft Creek ; on the Juniata road from 
 Philadelphia to Pittfburg, about 230 
 miles from the former and 80 from the 
 latter, rive hundred ground lots (58 
 
 feet 
 
CHE 
 
 COE 
 
 f^ct by 125) In the town, were offered for 
 fale (1797) at 10 dolls, eacli, payable in 
 cafli, or valuable books to form a public 
 library in the town for the ufe of tlie fet- 
 tlers. Harris. 
 
 Camden, a tov'nlliip of Oneida cq. N. 
 York,, N of the lake, and embracing the 
 weftern branch of Filli creek ; containing 
 384 inhabitants. 
 
 Canada. The Spaniards were the firfl: 
 who difcovered Canada. On their arri- 
 val in the country, finding nolhing wliich 
 they thought valuable in it, they foon 
 abandoned it, and named it 11 Capo di na- 
 duy thfit is A Cape (f Nothing, heace by cor- 
 ruption fpruijg the word Canaiii, which 
 is ufed in all our maps. Hinnlpln. 
 
 Cujileton, a village in the tov/nlhip of 
 Schoodack, in RenfTalaer cp. N. Yprk. 
 
 Cedar Crdci, a town in Suffex cc>. Dela- 
 M^are, containing 2512 inhabitants. 
 
 C/jafal/a, the weftern mouth of the Mif- 
 fifippi. It is the firfl branch that turns 
 ofF irom the main ftream. It leaves the 
 MifTifippi in the W part of the remarka- 
 ble bend to the W, which it makes juft 
 below the 31'^ of Jllat. and appears to 
 have been the Red River. Once proba- 
 bly the cout;fe of the Mifllfippi kept a 
 diredl.courfc from Clarkfviile to Bayou 
 '1 unica ; water now runs acrofs this 
 neck, v/hen the river is high, and 
 I'evcral ponds lie in this fpace of 8 miles; 
 but the river breaking through its W 
 bi^nk to fweep an arch of 50 miles, flung 
 itfelf into the channel of Red river, and 
 when again it turned E, part of its waters 
 continued in the channel, and that por- 
 tion is now Chafalia. RedR.noAV entersthe 
 Miilifippi where its banks v/ere firfl brok- 
 en through by that conquering llream. 
 The trees carried down the current of 
 Chafalia, have lodged and formed an im- 
 meufe floating bridge, over which not only 
 men, but Qattle and horfes may pafs. 
 
 Chatham, a tov/nliiip in Grafton co. N. 
 Hamplliire, containing i33 inhabitants. 
 
 Chaitahouchcy a large river navigable 
 from its mouth above the S line of the 
 United States. Sloops afcend to the 
 mouth of Flint river. The banks are 
 iowfor 40 miies from the mouth, and ex- 
 cepting a few places, arc inundated every 
 year. Limeftone is found a few miles 
 below Flint river, and afcending this river 
 iron ore is difcovered. See Apalo.chicola. 
 Ellicott. 
 
 Cheefc'CQch, a town in Orange co. N. 
 York, has 21 16 inhabitants. It is W of 
 ^toney Point. 
 
 Chclpa, a townfliip in Orange co. Ver- 
 mont, containing 897 inhabitants. 
 
 Chiago, a river which empties into the 
 S part of Lake Michigan, in the N. W. 
 Territory. The head waters of tliis riv- 
 er interlock with the waters of the Illi- 
 nois river. The government of the U. S. 
 has lately determined to ere(5l a fort at 
 Chiago, on the mouth of this river, on the 
 bank of the Lake, and another fort has 
 already been built on the head waters of 
 the two rivers above named. Thefe wil^ 
 complete a chain of forts and garrifons, 
 from Fort Adams, below the Natchez to 
 Niagara, through the heart of the Wefl- 
 crn country. The number of troops 
 that garriibn thefe forts, are notfufncieut 
 to repel a formidable enemy, but to keep 
 in iubjedlion and awe the natives of the 
 wildernefsi, whofe enmity has cosfed to be 
 the terror of An^.ericans. The Company 
 of Infantry who is to build, and garrifoa 
 the fort at Chiago, arrived there lafl fum- 
 rner. The warriors in the neighbour- 
 hood of that place colleAed together and 
 told the.comnianding ollicer tl.at it v/ould 
 be agaiail their confent if the fort was 
 eredlied, and if he perfcvercd in building, 
 they would coUetSl 3 or 4C0 of tl-eir warri- 
 ors and oppofe their defign. The cflicer 
 replied that he was fent there by the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States to build a 
 fort, and he ffiould proceed on with z\i 
 poflfibie dif'patch. And thus the buiintf* 
 it is fuppofed will terminate. 
 
 Chili, extends from the uninhabited 
 parts of Atacama, which divides it from 
 Peru N, to the Ifles de Chiloe on the S, 
 and from the Pacific Oce:in W to the 
 foot of the Andes or Cordilleras. It is 
 divided into two bifliopricks or provin- 
 ces, St. Jago, and Conception, each of 
 v/hich has an Intendent. St. Jago is the 
 capital of Chili ; it was founded in 1541, 
 and contains 30,500 inhabitants. About 
 a millicn of fpecie is annually coined in 
 this city. The fubordinate cities in this 
 great kingdom, r.re Coquimbp, Chilian, 
 Conception, and Valdivia ; and the prin- 
 cipal towns are Valparaifo, Capiapo, VaU 
 lenar, St. Francifco de Borja, St. Raphael 
 de la Rofa, La Ligua, Quillota, Los An- 
 des, Meliipilla, St. Jofcph, Acongua, St. 
 Ferdinand, Curico, Talca, Linores, Nue- 
 va, Bilboa, and Caugeres. Vancouyer. 
 
 Ciiithiana, a town in Harrifon co. Keu- 
 tucky, containing 87 inhabitants. 
 
 Coenccuh, a river of Florida, which fallu 
 into Penfacola bay, which is an excellent 
 harbour. The river i* navigable within 
 
 the 
 
FRE 
 
 .fUE 
 
 t>.e1incof the UnitedStates. VcfTcls^wliich 
 -draw not more than zi feet of water, 
 may fafely crofs the bar at any time. The 
 •banks of the river arc inundated, a large 
 portion of every fprlug, from its mouth 
 rnany miles above the S line of the IT. S. 
 with the exception of a very few places. 
 Ellicott. 
 
 Colchsflcr, Connecflicut. In Nov. 1803, 
 an academy by the name of JS.rcon Academy., 
 was opened in this town. For the ac- 
 commodaiion of the fchoiars, a large, ele- 
 gant brick building has been credled, 75 
 ^y 34 feet in Iize, and 3 ftories high. It 
 is divided into a fpacious hall, and con- 
 venient apartments for the different 
 l>ranchcs of inftrucStion. The funds of 
 the Inftitution, amount to 36,000 dollars. 
 
 Cale R'-ver^ enters the Kanhawa on the 
 W fide about 50 miles from its mouth. 
 Its length is about 100 miles. 
 
 Cole's Creel', a fettlement in Mifllfippi 
 territory, Pickering co. containing 1493 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Concord, a town in Cabanas co. N. Car- 
 .olina, containing 23 inhabitants. 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 'jIERFIELD, a townfliip of Oneida 
 CO. N. York, on the Mohawk River, op- ! 
 pofite Utica. It has 1048 inhabitants. 
 
 Bimerary. furrendered to the Britifli 
 Sept. 19, 1803. 
 
 X^uLIZABEril rOlVN-, is fituatcd in 
 Harden co. Kenlucky, and contains 56 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 El'icottf-villey a town in the Miflifippi 
 territory, Pickering CO. containing j6 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Efperanzay a village on the W fide of 
 Hiidfon river, oppollte Hudfon city. See 
 ^uneiihurgh. 
 
 Effcquebo, furrendercd to the Britifli, 
 Sept. 19, 1803. 
 
 Jr' AIR CHILDS, a fettlement in the 
 MifTifippi territory, Pickering co. contain- 
 ing 3 5'2 inhabitants. 
 
 F.dmmth, a town in Pendleton co. Ken- 
 tucky, containing 40 inhabitants. 
 
 Frcrtozcn, A plantation on Sebaftlcook 
 river, Kennebeck co. Maine, containing 
 214 inhabitant*. 
 ' J-'REDOyiA. Under this new gepgrlc 
 
 name * is comprcliended the whole Ter- 
 ritory now under the government of th^ 
 United States ; bounded N by Upper and 
 Lower Canada, E by N. Brunfwick and 
 the Atlantic Ocean, S by Florida and the 
 Gulf of Mexico, W by N. Mexico and 
 the Shining Mountains, which divide the 
 weftern waters of the Milhfippi, from 
 thofe which fall into the Pacific Ocean.. 
 This Territory lies between 28 and 50 N 
 lat. and 66 and 116 W Ion. from Green- 
 wich. Its extreme length from E to W 
 is upwards of 2000 miles, and its extreme 
 breadth about 1500. It is eftimated to 
 CQiitain nearly 2.000,000 fquare miles, 
 which is fourfifths as many as are 
 contained in all Europe. It is about 
 twice the fize of the Chlnefe Empire, 
 and if we except Ruflia, it is by fir the 
 largefl: territory on earth, whofe in- 
 habitants live under the fame general 
 government. The Mifllfippi river 
 divides Freionia nearly in its centre, 
 leaving i,ooc,ooo fquare miles E of it, in 
 the prefcnt U. States, and nearly the fame 
 number of fquare miles -W of it. The 
 vale, if it may be fo called, between the 
 Alleghany and Sliining Mountains, which 
 is interfedled by the Mifllfippi, and wa- 
 tered by its numerous and large eaftern 
 and weftern branches, contains nearly a 
 million and a half fquare miles, and may 
 be reckoned among the finefl: portions 
 of the globe. Fredonla has a fea coaft of 
 many thoufand miles in extent, along 
 which are but few illands of much import- 
 ance, but full of harbours, many of 
 them equal to any in the world. Its 
 mountains, lakes, and rivers, are all upon 
 a large fcale. Its climate and foil arc 
 adapted toalmoftallthe variety of produc- 
 tions which the earth affords. Over the 
 vafl furface of Fredmia are fcattered, in 
 feme parts (particularly N.England) thick- 
 ly, but generally very fparfely, about five 
 millions and^ half of inhabitants, exclufivc 
 of Indians, a feventh part of whom are in 
 flavery. The /'rf'/o;«V;7j,except the aborigi- 
 nal inhabitants, and the negroes imported 
 from Africa,andtheirdefcendants of every 
 fliadc, are a people colletStcd from almoft 
 every nation in Europe, and their pofter- 
 Ity. A part of Fredonia, which fliould 
 have been introduced under the head of 
 Loutftana, but accidentally omitted in its 
 place, is here fubjoined. 
 
 General defcription of Upper Lourfiana . 
 «* When compared with the Indiana ter- 
 ritory, 
 
 * Tin- reulbns for .nloptins: this name are mm- 
 ti oncd in the preface, which fee. 
 
FRS 
 
 FRE 
 
 j^torjvthc face of the country In Upper 
 JLouifiana is rather more broken, chough 
 the foil is equally fertile. It is a fadl nor 
 to be contefted, that the W ftde of the 
 river pofleflcs fome advantages, not gene- 
 rally incident to thofe regions. It is ele- 
 vated and healthy, and well watered with 
 SI variety of large rapid ftreams, calculat- 
 ed for mills and other water works. 
 From cape Giraudcau, above the mouth 
 of the Ohio, to the Miflburi, the land on 
 the E fide of the Miflifippi is low and flat, 
 and occafioxxally expofed to inundations ; 
 that on the Louifiana (ide contiguous to 
 the river, is generally much higher and 
 in many places very rocky on the fliore. 
 Some of the heights exhibit a fcene truly 
 pix^turefque. They life to a height of at 
 lead 300 feet, faced with perpendicular 
 time and frerjione, carved into various 
 Ihapes and figures by the haad of nature, 
 and afford the appearance of a multitude 
 of antique towers ! From the tops of thcf^ 
 elevations, the land gradually Hopes back 
 from the river, without gravel or rock, 
 and is covered with valuable timber. It 
 may be fard with truth that, for fertility 
 of foil, no part of the world exceeds the 
 borders of the Miflifippf ; the land yields 
 an abundance of all the necelTai ics of life 
 and alraoft fpontaneoufly ; very little la- 
 bour being required in the cultivation 
 of the earth ! That part of Upper Louifia- 
 xia, which borders on New Mexico, is 
 one immenie prairie $ it produces nothing 
 but grafs ; it is filled with buffaloe, deer, 
 and other kinds ofgame; the land is repre- 
 ftnted as too rich for the growth of foreft 
 trees. It is pretended that U. Louifi- 
 aina contains in its bowels many lilver and 
 copper mines, and various fpecimens of 
 both are exhibited. Several trials have 
 been made to afcertain the fatSt ; but the 
 want of fkill in the artifts has hitherto 
 left the fubje<5t undecided. The fait 
 works are alfo pretty numerous ; fomc 
 belong to individuals ; others to the pub- 
 lic. They already yield an abundant fup- 
 ply for the confumption of the country ; 
 and if properly managed, might becomean 
 article of more general exportation. The 
 ufual price per bufliel is 156 cents in cajh at 
 the works. This price will be {fill lower as 
 foon as the raanufacSlure of the fait is af- 
 fumed by government, or patronized by 
 men who have large capitals to employ 
 in the bufinefs. One extraordinary fa(^ 
 relative to fait muft not be omitted. 
 There exifts about 1000 miles up the 
 Miffouri, »iifil not jfar frow that river, a 
 
 Salt Mountain ! ! The exigence of fuch a 
 mountain might well be queftioned, were 
 it not for the teftimony of feveral rcfpetil- 
 able and enterpriling traders, who have 
 viilted it, and who have exhibited i'everal^ 
 bufliels of the fait to the curiofity of the 
 people of St. Louis, where fome of it ftill 
 remains. A fpecimeu of the fame fait ha* 
 been fent to Marietta. This mountain is- 
 faidto be 180 miles long, and 45 in width, 
 compoied of folid rock fait, without any 
 trees, or even fhrubs on it !! Salt fprings are 
 very numerous beneath the furface ofth« 
 mountain, and they flov/^ through the iiC- 
 fures and cavities of it. Caves of fait- 
 petre are found in U. Louifiana, thoughr 
 at fome diftance from the fettlements. 
 Four men on a trading voyage, lately dif- 
 covered one feveral hundred miles up the 
 Miflburi. They fpent 5 or 6 weeks in 
 the mauufaiSture of this article, and re-- 
 turned to St. Louis with 4O0cwt. of it. It 
 proved to be good and they fold it for a 
 high price. The geography of the Mifll- 
 fippi and MiiTouri, and their contiguity 
 for a great length of way, are but little 
 known. The traders aflert that, 100 
 miles above their juixfllon, a man may 
 walk from one to tlie other in a day ; and 
 it is alfo aflertcd, that 700 miles ftlll higher 
 up, the portage may be croflbd In 4 or 5 
 days. This portage Is frequented by traders, 
 who carry on a confiderable trade witi* 
 fome of the Miflburi Indians. Their 
 general route Is through Green Bay, 
 which rs an arm of Lake Michigan ; they 
 then pafs into a fmall lake connedled with 
 It, and which communicates with the Fox 
 river ; they then crofs over a fliort port- 
 age into the Ouifconfing river, which 
 unites with the Miflifippi fome diflance 
 below the falls of St. Anthony. It is alfo 
 faid that the traders communicate with 
 the Miflifippi above thefe falls, through 
 Lake Superior, but their trade ia that 
 quaiter is much lefs confiderable." 
 
 'Jefferfon. 
 The great difference In climate, in the 
 modes of obtaining fubfiftence, in language, 
 religion, and political opinions, and con- 
 fequently in the feelings and interefls of 
 the inhabitants, throughout this vail ter- 
 ritory, may for ever prevent any great 
 flmilarlty of chara<fter. The unavoidable 
 induftry and hardihood of the N. will al- 
 ways form a harfli contraft to the eafe 
 and indulgence of the S. What effect 
 however, a generic name would have 
 in forming a uniform national charadler, 
 in dtflnj^ee of all th^fe ^l^Aacles, remains 
 
 tt> 
 
J E F 
 
 MAS 
 
 to he tried. Such a name has long been af 
 idefideratuni. To furnifh a fpecimen, 
 from whicli may be perceived the advan- 
 tage and convenience of fuch a name, is 
 the whole defitrn of this article. 
 
 G 
 
 ERMAN Town, Is fituated in Bracken 
 
 CO. Kentucky, and coacains 8i inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Grc'ft Bay, on lake Michigan, cont-iins 
 
 JO foul 6. 
 
 £lARDENSBURG,dL tov.'n in Srecken- 
 ridge co. Kentucky, containing 49 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Humo Ch'ttto, a fettlemtnt in the Miffi- 
 fippi territory, Adams co. containing 763 
 inhabitants. 
 
 I & J 
 
 XnDIAK Rher, a town in SulTex co. 
 Delaware, containing 1547 inhnbitants. 
 
 Iredell, a townfhip in TcnciTee, Knox 
 CO. containing i inhabitant. 
 
 Iza'vial, a fettlement on Red river, in 
 Louifiana, 75 miles from its mouth, and 
 30 above the mouth of Black river. It is 
 tlie firlt high land that will admit of fet- 
 tlement, on account of the overflowing 
 of the river. It is called an ifland, and is 
 fo at high water : it is a beautiful prairie, 
 on the S fide of Red river, about 20 miles 
 in length, and 4 or 5 in breiidth, of an 
 oval form, furrounded with thick wood, 
 interfperfed with handfon^e clumps of 
 trees, tufted over with fine grafs, and fet- 
 tled all round the edge in a circular form. 
 Their fields arc in the prairie, in front 
 of their houfes, and the centre of the pra- 
 irie (which is not cultiA'ated) is covered ' 
 with cattle of a very large fize. In the 
 month of March, 1803, the number of 
 families was 296. The land, when 
 ploughed, has a very rich appearance, and 
 produces corn and cotton abundantly, 
 but not to be compared to the river lands, 
 or the Apalufa or Tuckepa prairies. 
 
 Sibley. 
 
 yamefon, a town of Martin co. N. Car- 
 olina, containing 69 inhabitants. 
 
 "Jarmington, a town in Hyde co. N. Car- 
 ©lina, containing 46 inhabitants. 
 
 yeffdrfon, a town in the Miffifippi ter- 
 ritory, Waflungton CO. coDtaining 473 in- 
 kabitant»« 
 
 ^ovis. Si. a town in Kent co. Delaware , 
 containing 1386 inhabitants. 
 
 K 
 
 J^LlNGSTON, a town in TeneiTee, 
 Knox county, containing 77 inhabitants. 
 
 I J^j'AIGLE, a townfliip of the Intliana 
 I Territory, St. Clair co. having 250 loul'j. 
 Ltivls anJ Rc''je!>oi/j, a. town in SuffeX 
 I county, Delaware, containing 1514 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Liii'e Creel, a town in Kent co. 
 
 ware, containing 1908 inhabitants. 
 
 Little Cretk, a town in Sufi'cx co. 
 
 ware, containing 2164 inhabitants. 
 
 Lou'fvillc, a town in Jtfl'crfon co. 
 
 tucky, containing 359 inhabitants. 
 
 Liimberton, a town in Robefon co. N. 
 Carolina, containing 173 inhabitants. 
 
 Dela- 
 Dela- 
 Ken- 
 
 M. 
 
 M 
 
 ALDONADO, a town fituated near 
 the mouth of the Rio de la Plata-, in xht 
 province of Montevideo, about one mile 
 diftant from its port, which is tolerably 
 good, and capable of receiving the largeft 
 fliips. The lioules are built of brick, and 
 have uniform.ly flat roofs, made of fiat 
 tiles and overlaid with lime mortar, oitc 
 flory high. Six miles diflant from Mal- 
 donado,in the country, is another village 
 called Villa Nueva,'jL pleafant little place. 
 Maldonado has no foreign trade. Fcref. 
 
 Marhs St, Fort: ftands on a point of land 
 at the confluence of the Apalachy and 
 another fiream. Lat. 30 8 29 N. The 
 fort is of hewn limeftone ; the country 
 round i^ almoft as level as the waters in 
 the bay. When the tide, which rifes 
 about ii or 3 feet, is aided by a S W wind, 
 the lands adjacent are overflown. The 
 foil is a or 3 feet deep, and lies on a hor- 
 izontal bed of limeftone. About half an 
 acre round the fort is raifed above the 
 tide, for a garden. ElUcotf. 
 
 Majfacre I/I2, an ifland on the coaft of 
 W. Florida, now the eaftern divifion of 
 Louifiana, about ai miles long, and 3 
 broad. It received its name from the 
 colony of Frenchmen, who firfl landed 
 here, in about 1718. They obferved an 
 unufual eminence, which, on examination, 
 proved to be an enormous pile of human 
 bones, and on inquiry, were informed that 
 a conquered tribe of Indians who repair- 
 ed 
 
MON 
 
 NAT 
 
 ed here for fafety, were purfued by their 
 enemies, flain, and their dead bodies bu- 
 ried in this pile. They afterward charg- 
 ed the name, and called it Dauphin Jjte. 
 
 Matapediach Lake and River y in Lower 
 Canada. The river is a northern branch 
 of Riftigouche river. The lake, which 
 las the {hape of a tree, gives rife to the 
 river, and lies about half way between 
 the rivers St. Lawrence and Riftigouche. 
 
 Majfvi/ie, a town in Mafon co. Ken- 
 tucky, containing 137 inhabitants. 
 
 Melhorncy a townfliip on the S W bank 
 of St. Francis river, oppofite Shipton, con- 
 taining about 150 fouls. 
 
 Michillimakinaky conVa.\im$l fouls. Scc 
 ^MicbiUimakinak. On the ift of Auguft, 
 1800, were hetc from Canada, 300 boat- 
 men. 
 
 Millerjburg, a town in Bourbon co. 
 Kentucky, containing <)% inhabitants. 
 
 Minden, a townfliip Of Montgomery 
 CO. N. York, on the Mohawk river, E of 
 German flats. It has 2928 inhabitants. 
 
 Mifcoiv, an ifland about lO mi'es long 
 and 6 wide, in the Gulf of St» Lawrence, 
 forming the S E point of Ghalcur Bay. 
 
 Mijfiftppi. See a defcription of it un- 
 der the head, Louiftana. 
 
 MifpiUoriy a town in Kent co. Delaware, 
 containing 5236 inhabitants. 
 
 Mitchell a townfhip in the Indiana ter- 
 ritory, Randolph co. containing 334 fouls. 
 
 Monfon, ISfc. read JV 0/ Brimjlc/d. 
 
 Montevideo, (name of the city is St. Fe- 
 lipe,) it is a walled city,fituated on a fmall 
 peninfula in the province of Montevideo, 
 of which it is the feat of the government, 
 and is the only naval port the Spaniards 
 have in that country, and this is but an 
 indifferent one for fliips of war. The 
 houfcs arc built like thofe of Maldonado, 
 and contain about 8000 inhabitants. 
 Moft of the Spanifli merchantmen take 
 in their cargoes for Europe here, they 
 being fent down in lighters from Buenos 
 Ayres. This little city has a large and 
 ftrong citadel, and is otherwife well for- 
 tified, and indeed was it not, the difficul- 
 ty of approaching it for want of water 
 for (hips of war, renders it nearly fecure 
 from an attack by fca. It is about 100 
 tniles E of Buenos Ayres, and nearly the 
 fame diftance "W of Maldonado, and is 
 governed by a navy officer of the rank 
 of a Commodore. Lat. 34 SS' Forep. 
 
 Montmorency, Falls of, are fituated upon 
 a river of the fame name, which empties 
 into the St. Lawrence on its N eafierly 
 fide, in the diftriA of Beaupgur, L, Caa- 
 
 ada, about 3 leagues below Quebec, and 
 from their beauty, magnificence, and af- 
 tonifliing height, merit the attention of 
 the admirers of nature The falls are dif- 
 tant about 20 rods from the confluence 
 of the Montmorency with the St. Law- 
 ren<Je, and may be diftindlly viewed as 
 you fail down the latter riven The 
 banks of the river Montmorency arc 
 perfe<fliy perpendicular both below and 
 above the falls, and are compofed of "^foft 
 Jione, refembling in Colour and texture, tht 
 ftones brought and fo much efleemed, 
 from the Connedlicut river. This foft- 
 nefs of the flones,and the rapidity of the 
 current, have occafioned the mofl perfetSk 
 regularity in the banks, which are nearly 
 as fmooth as if they had been under the 
 hand of an artifl. The river docs not 
 exceed 50 yards in width ; but the ra- 
 pidity of it is fuch, that the body of wa- 
 ter, which is precipitated over the falls, i» 
 very great. About jo feet above the per- 
 pendicular cafcadc, the water begins to 
 tumble over rocks at an angle of about 
 45 degrees, till it arrives to its great leap, 
 where it falls in one unbroken, uninter- 
 rupted flicet, to the bottom. The height 
 of the perpendicular fall has been diftin<5l- 
 ly meafured, which may be done with 
 much more accuracy than thofe of Nia- 
 gara, and from the refult of the menfu- 
 ration it is afcertained, that the height i^ 
 at leaft 240 feet, and is probably greater 
 than that of any other hitherto dlfcover- 
 cd. Thefe falls may be viewed to more ad- 
 vantage than any other in America, as 
 Gen. Haldeman, when governor of Can- 
 ada, eredled a fumnier houfe, which by 
 meansof long fills upon the bank, is pro- 
 jecSled dlreAly over the liver, aud withia 
 a few feet of the falls. If thefe fiiUs are 
 inferior to thofe of Niagara, in point of 
 grandeur and fublimity, they certainly 
 rival them in beauty, and excel them in 
 height. They will therefore be vifited 
 by all travellers into this part of Ameri- 
 ca, who are admirers of the flupendou* 
 and wonderful works of the God of na- 
 ture. J$bn Loivcll, Efq, 
 
 Mount Sterling, a town in Montgomery 
 CO. Kentucky, containing 8:5 inhabitants. 
 
 Murderkill, a town in Kent co. Dela- 
 ware, containing 7114 inhabitants. 
 
 N. 
 
 N 
 
 ANTICOKE, a town in SufTex co. 
 Delaw^are, containing 1832 inhabitants. 
 Natih.'z, a diflri*^ on the E fide of the 
 MilTiiippi, 
 
NAT 
 
 O Z A 
 
 Miffilippi, about lat. 31 32 N. The good 
 land is about 130 miles in length, 23 broad, 
 but hilly, and liable to fufFer by the foil of 
 the hills wafliing into the vallies. Cotton 
 J8 the ftaple commodity. Indian corn of an 
 excellent quality is raifed, planted from 
 the beginning of March to July. Oranges 
 ?nd lemons are plenty. From the 
 irioiinds "or tumuli it is evident this "was 
 cnce a very populous country. In every 
 quarter where the ground has been brok- 
 en, remnants of earthen, veifels are found. 
 Cattle are numerous ; one farmer has 
 iome times 1 or aoo or more. The cows 
 yield lefs and poorer milk than thofe of 
 JMew England, and the wool of their flieep 
 is hairy. Ellicvt. With St. Catherine this 
 diftric^t contair.ed 1696 inhabitants in 
 1800. The aboriginals of the Natchez 
 give, among other things, the folio v/ing in- 
 formation concerning themfelves. " Be- 
 fore we came here we lived yonder under 
 the fetting fun." Perhaps in Mexico, 
 *' The country was fine, we maintained a 
 warfare with the ancient'* of the country, 
 who fubdued fome of our villages. Our 
 people extended themrelyes, along the 
 great water, where this river lofes itfelf 
 But our enemies being numerous aiid wick- 
 ed, our Su/.s" or princes " fent perfons to 
 find a country where we might retire. 
 They found a pleafant region on the E 
 iide of this river. We w^ip ordered to re- 
 move into this land, to build a temple and 
 to preferve the eternal hre. But th^ an- 
 cients, cur euemie?, falling into divifions, 
 our Suns and a part of our people remain- 
 ed. After many generations their defcend- 
 ant^ joined us, when we were multiplied 
 likeHhe leay^'-s of the tree-^. Now warri- 
 ors of iire. who luade llie earth to trem- 
 ble, had arrived in 'our old country, and 
 connu<;red our ancient enemies. Tliefe 
 ■\vr.rriors of fire wei-e bearded, white men, 
 who carried arms which darted fire with a 
 great noife, and killed men at a great dlf- 
 tanee ; they had heavy arms wb.ich killed 
 many at once, and like thunder made the 
 earth tremble. They came from the rif- 
 iag fun in Hoating villager, 'i he ancients, 
 wiiom they fubdued, inhabited from the 
 weffern ci;'aff of the great water to the 
 countries on this fide the fun, and on this 
 coaft beyond the fun. Tlieir villages were 
 many and large, built of fh)ne, in which 
 were houfes, that yvould liold a whole 
 village. Their temiiles were great, and 
 fheir works beautiful." To the inquiry 
 whence are ye come ? The anfwer was, 
 ** The ancient fpcech does not fay from 
 
 what land ; all we know Is, that our fa- 
 thers, to come here, followed the fun, an^ 
 came from the place where he rife^ ; they 
 were long on the journey ; they were 
 near periibing, and were brought to this 
 country without feeking it." Some may, 
 I perhaps, fuppol'e that the Natchez have 
 ; their defcent from the Phenecians,becaufe, 
 I like them, they have a facred regard for 
 ! the eternal fiie, like theirs, their ftile is 
 boldly figurative, and like them they fcalp 
 • their enemies. Du Fratz. 
 
 I Neutral '^TerrUory. lies between the prov- 
 i inces of Montjvideo and Rio Grande, 40 
 leagues ill breadth from N to S, bounded 
 E bv the AtUntic Ocean, and extending 
 W as far as the Rio Tcragtiay. That "part 
 i whicli lies between Lake Merim and the 
 1 ocean, is almoit a perfedt plain, covered 
 I with grafs, on which feed numerous lierds 
 I of deer find wild horfes, perhaps 3 or 
 ; 400,000 of tlie latter. Here are no run- 
 i ning llreaijis, and no trees, nor ftones, 
 hills, or valiies. Forejl, 
 
 Newark^ a townfliip of EiTex co. Ver- 
 mont, containing 19 inhabitants. 
 
 Neivport^ a town in Campbell cp. Ken- 
 tucky, contiiining ic6 inhabitants. 
 
 Nc-iuton., a town in Nicholas co. Ken- 
 tuchy, containing 6z inhabitants. 
 
 Nicl.cbfville, a town ill Jell amine co. 
 Kentucky, containing 23 inhabitants. 
 I North Hampton, 2l townflu'p in Mont- 
 ! goiuery co. N. York, embracing the Sa- 
 ; coadago P.. about 20 miles N W of Ball- 
 i town iSpiings ; containing 990 ixihabi^- 
 ants. 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 PEE, on the Illinois river, contains 
 
 100 inhabitants. 
 
 Ozas, a tribe of Indians in Touifiana, 
 yvljo inhabit a prairie between Red river 
 and a branch of the Aiiliburi, at three 
 ren-iarkable large fprings. They former- 
 ly couhfled of near acoo warriors, but 
 nearly two thirds of them were deflroyed 
 by thp fmall pox a few years ago. They 
 are innze gigantic, and in dilpolition cruel 
 and ferocious : they are always at war 
 with their Indian nei<-hbour», and are in- 
 veterate enemies of all white people, par- 
 ticularly the Spaniards. More than 
 20 years ago, an attempt was luade Ly the 
 Spaniards to reletlle this country ; for 
 this purpofe, fome priells, a company of 
 foldiers, and a numl^er of families with a 
 rich outfet, repaired thither. They had 
 been there but a flioit time, before the 
 
 QzdA 
 
REM 
 
 ST. 
 
 \ 
 
 Ozas fell upon them and totally deftroyed 
 •them. No attempt has fmce been made 
 to fettle it. Sibley. 
 
 Jl ENCAD ER,?. town in New Caftlc 
 
 CO. Delaware, containing 213^ inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 Pine Ridge, a fettlement in the Mifli- 
 fippl territory, Adams co. contains 125 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Plymouth, MafTachufetts. The following 
 additions and correiiiions were received 
 after this article was printed in the body 
 of the work. The number of inliabitants 
 is 3524. There are two handfome meet- 
 ing houfes, and a banking houfe, in tlie 
 town ; the capital of the bank is 100,000 
 dollars. A ftagc goes three times in a week 
 to Bofton. An aqueduct for bringaig 
 freili water into town for domcflic ufc 
 was completed in 1796. The inhabit- 
 ants annually, on the a z of Dec. religiouOy 
 celebrate the landing of their Pilgrim 
 Fathers. Several iliips and brigs are 
 owned here, and conllderable quantities of 
 Hill ai'e frequently purchafed at Bofton 
 and exported from Plymouth. 
 
 Port William, a town In Gallatin co. 
 Kentucky, containing 213 inhabitants. 
 
 Praire, de Pcchc, a townfliip in the In- 
 diana Territory, Randolph co. contains 
 212 inhabitant^. 
 
 Pr.nre dice Chun, on the Miffifippi, con- 
 tains 65 inhabitants. 
 
 Prcjionjbury, a town in Eloyd CO. Ken- 
 tucky, containing 6 inhabitants. 
 
 Princeton, a town in Northampton CO. 
 N. Carolina, containing 22 inliabitants. 
 
 Puerto de St. Pedro, a towu of Brazil, lat. 
 32 6 S, on the S fide of Rio Grande, on a 
 .fandy plain near its mouth. It contains 
 about 300 houfes of or.e ftory, built fome 
 with brick, others with mud. It is the 
 refidence of the governor of the province 
 pf Rio Grande. Many of the houfes on 
 tlie outflvirts of the town are half buried 
 in fand. In time of war, there is a very 
 profitable contraband trade carried on 
 between the merchants of this place, a^id 
 the Spaniards of El Rio de La Plata. 
 
 Ponf. 
 
 R 
 
 Richmond, a town in Madifon CO. Ken~ 
 tucky, containing no inhabitants. 
 ^ Rio Grande, a. large river of Brazil, nav- 
 igable aoo miles for veffels drawing 12 
 feet of water. It enters the ocean about 
 10 leagues N of the S boundary of Btazii. 
 Wheat and beef are raifed in the adjacent 
 country. Pore/l. 
 
 Rio Santo Francifco, a town of Brazil, ill 
 
 S. America, near the mouth of the river 
 
 of the liime name. It contains about ico 
 
 houfes of (lone and brick, one ftory high. 
 
 There is 10 feet of water on the bar. Lat. 
 
 26 S. ibid. 
 
 Rocha, a fmall village in the province of 
 
 Ij Montevideo, containing about 30 brick 
 
 I; houfes of one ftory. It is fituatcd in the 
 
 interior, 5 or 6 leagues W N W of Cape 
 
 St. Marv's. Hid. 
 
 R 
 
 EDLION, a town in New Caftle co. 
 Delaware, containing 872 inhabitants. 
 
 Rewfen, a townfliip of Oneida co. N. 
 York, E of Leyden, which it adjoins. It 
 
 contaius 254 inhabitants. 
 
 ■ <L? ANDY Creel, a fettlement in the Mif- 
 fifippi territory, Adams co. containing 640 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Santa Ccitherina, an ifland on the coaft 
 of Brazil, is feparated from the main by a 
 channel in fome places not more than a 
 mile wide. It is a pleafant and fertile ifl- 
 and ; the road at the N end is in lat. 27 30 
 S. The town i:; 3 leagues from the road, 
 contains about 300 houfes of brick, ftone, 
 ! and mud, one ftory high. Its principal 
 trade is with Rio de Janeiro. Foreji. 
 
 Swoannah, City of, Chatham CO. Georgia, 
 contains 5146 inhabitants, of whom 2367 
 are flavcs. 
 
 Siccnd Creek, a fettlement in the Miffi- 
 fippi territory, Adams co. containing 780 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Shoniburgh, a town in the MifTifippi 
 territory, Wafnington co. containing 393 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Sprirffiild, a town in Washington co. 
 Kentucky, containing 163 inhabitants. 
 
 Starjurd.AX.o-\v\\ of Lincoln co. Kentucky, 
 containing 66 inhabitants. 
 
 Sfates'ville,a. town in Iredel co. N. Caro- 
 lina, containing 95 inhabitants. 
 
 StL'ele, a town in the Millifippi territo- 
 ry, Walliington co. containing 420 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Siuanjlorough, a town of Onflow co. N. 
 Carolina, containing 149 inh.alitants. 
 
 St. There/a, a Spanifli fort erecSled in 
 the N E corner of the province of Mon- 
 tevideo, on an ifthmus of about half a 
 mile wide, formed by the Ocean on the S 
 E, and an arm of Lake Merim on the N 
 W. The fort is well fituated, large, built 
 
 of 
 
WAS 
 
 W A S 
 
 of hewn Hone, and is garrifoned in time 
 of war by about zoo men. It is about 40 
 leagues N E of Cape St. Mary's. Forejl, 
 
 W 
 
 TVABHINGrON, PennfyIvania,form- 
 ed into a feparatc co* in the beginning of 
 1796. The dividon line is as follows ; 
 *' beginning on the Monongahela River, 
 
 at the mouth of Ten mile creek, Upfaid 
 creek to Wallace's Mill ; thence S wefb- 
 erly to the ridge between the N. and S. 
 forks ; thence along the ridge to the 
 ridge between Wheeling and Ten mile ; 
 thence a ftrait line to the head of Enlow'3 
 branch of Wheeling ; thence down the 
 lame to the W boundary line of the flate ; 
 thence round to the place of beginning." 
 Harrii. 
 
 N. B. A correcftion in the defcription of Plymouth, Maffachufetts, with many 
 ■Valuable articles, received too late to be inferted in the body of the work, will l>e 
 found in the Appendix, 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. 
 
 MAP of North America, to front Title Page, 
 
 of the Northern States, to front Ne^ England^ fig. X x. 
 
 ■ of the Southern States, to front Southern States y fig. C c c c. 
 
 of South America, to front Americay fig. B. 
 
 of the Weft Indies, to front Wejl Indies^ fig. L 1 1 1. 
 
 CHART of the North Weft Coaft of America, &c. to front North Wefi 
 
 Coafl ofAmericay fig. B b b. 
 Crj* The Binder will pleafe to notice, that fig. N n and O o, are on the fame 
 half ftieet, and fig. W w (which fliould have been Www) follows immc^ 
 diately after fig. N n n, after which X x x, &c. follow in courfe. 
 
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