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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 
 Wt,-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Portraits at JJindungbrook 
 
 MARY L. BOYLE. 
 
 1876. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED AT THE VICTORIA PRESS, PRAED STREET, W. 
 (OFFICE FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN.)
 
 CT ■ 
 3^ 
 
 JOHN WILLIAM, 
 
 SEVENTH EARL OF SANDWICH, 
 
 THESE SKETCHES ARE INSCRIBED BY HIS FAITHFUL KINSWOMAN", 
 
 MARY LOUISA BOYLE. 
 
 SIDCCCLXXVI.
 
 In the notices of the more celebrated characters in 
 this Catalogue, it will be understood that his- 
 torical and well-known events (which will be 
 found in the annals of England), have been made 
 purposely, to give way to details of a more domestic 
 nature.
 
 UPSTAIRS-CORRIDOR, STAIRCASE, 
 
 AND 
 
 ADJOINING ROOMS.
 
 Edward, First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By FELIZIANO. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In a long black doublet, with the Star of tlie Garter, and 
 the Jewel given him by the King of Sweden, over a 
 long white waistcoat with innumerable buttons and 
 gold embroidery; deep ruffles; holds his hat in one 
 hand, the other rests on his hip. Painted during 
 his Embassy in Spain.) 
 
 Lord Sandwich is here much altered in appearance from 
 his former portraits, but Pepys tells us he wore his 
 beard in the Spanish fashion on his return from his 
 Embassy; and a French correspondent about this time 
 says: "Le Comte de Sandwich etoit bien fort, l'air 
 doux, assez d'embonpoint, qui ne commencoit de l'in- 
 commoder qu'apres son retour de l'Espagne." 
 
 Born, 1623. Died, 1 672.— The second son of 
 Sir Sidney Montagu, by Paulina, daughter of 
 John Pepys, of Cottenhani, near Cambridge. 
 Sidney was the seventh son of Sir Edward 
 Montagu, and brother to the first Lord Montagu
 
 10 
 
 of Boughton, was Groom of the Bedchamber 
 to James I., and Master of Bequests in the 
 succeeding reign; sat for Huntingdon, and in 
 1640 was expelled the House for declining to 
 subscribe to an oath framed by the Commons, 
 "that they would live and die with their 
 General, the Earl of Essex." Montagu said he 
 would not swear to live with Essex, as being an 
 old man he would probably die before him, 
 neither would he swear to die with him, as the 
 Earl was in arms against the King, which he 
 (Sidney) did not know how to separate from 
 treason. Eor this boldness he was expelled the 
 House by a majority of three, and sent prisoner 
 to the Tower, where he remained a fortnight. 
 Thus did he prove his loyalty, though he had 
 nobly withstood on the other hand those 
 measures which he considered detrimental 
 to the liberties of the subject. He had two 
 sons, and a daughter, married to Sir Gilbert 
 Puckering of Tichmarch, in the County of 
 Hunts. His eldest son Henry was drowned 
 through the carelessness of a nurse, when only 
 three years of age: his second son Edward 
 became his heir; who married before he was
 
 11 
 
 twenty, Jemima, daughter of John, Lord Crewe 
 of Stene, a family that sided with the Parlia- 
 ment, 
 
 Clarendon tells us, that Sir Sidney Montagu 
 never sw r erved from his allegiance; but his son 
 being emancipated from his father's control 
 when very young, and married into a family 
 which "trod aw r ry," was won over by the 
 "caresses" of Cromwell to take command in 
 his army, when new modelled by Fairfax, 
 Montagu being then little more than twenty 
 years of age. Indeed, when only eighteen he 
 had already raised a regiment, and distinguished 
 himself at its head in several actions, to wit; 
 Lincoln, Marston Moor, and York; and the 
 following year at Naseby, Bridgewater, and 
 Bristol ; his conduct at the storming of which 
 last named town was reported to Parliament with 
 the highest encomiums, not only for his gallantry, 
 but for the successful manner in w T hich he 
 carried on the negociations with Prince 
 Rupert. But notwithstanding Montagu's 
 military zeal, he opposed the undue influence 
 of the army in the House of Commons, 
 especially in their bringing about the seclusion
 
 12 
 
 of eleven members, and he formed and kept 
 his resolution not to resume his seat (for 
 Huntingdon) until the members were restored. 
 In spite of this independent conduct, he was 
 appointed (on the elevation of Cromwell to 
 the Protectorate) one of the Supreme Council 
 of Fifteen — and he only then in the twenty- 
 fifth year of his age; and shortly afterwards 
 he became Desborough's colleague in the office 
 of High Admiral. 
 
 In 1656 he accompanied the gallant Blake to 
 the Mediterranean, on whose death he succeeded 
 to the sole command of the fleet, in the ex- 
 ercise of which, says Lord Clarendon, "he was 
 discreet and successful." But the death of 
 Oliver Cromwell changed the whole face of 
 affairs, and Montagu, who had been on a mission 
 to carry on diplomatic negociations with Sweden 
 and Denmark, returned from Copenhagen (with- 
 out orders), resigned his command, and retired 
 for a short time into the country. On the re- 
 instalment of the secluded members, he was 
 sworn Privy Councillor, and again appointed 
 Admiral of the Plcct (or as Pepys lias it, "one 
 of the generals at sea"), conjointly with Monk,
 
 13 
 
 who was minded, as Montagu says, " to get into 
 the saddle," and would not be left out in any- 
 thing; but Monk was to remain on shore, and 
 Montagu to put to sea, an arrangement at 
 which the latter did not cavil. 
 
 A reaction of loyalty had set in lately ; affairs 
 were in a doubtful state ; negociations were set 
 on foot to recall Charles; the King's health was 
 drunk openly, whereas before, it had only been 
 done in private, and Montagu became most 
 zealous in the royal cause, although, as he told 
 his kinsman Pepys, " he did not believe if the 
 Protector [Richard] were brought in again, he 
 would last long, neither the King himself, 
 (although he believes he will come in), unless 
 he behaves himself very soberly and well." 
 Indeed, before he embarked, Montagu had a 
 conversation with Richard Cromwell in which 
 he told him roundly that he would rather find 
 him (on his return from sea) in his grave, than 
 hatching mischief; upon which that mild man 
 replied that he would do "whatever Montagu, 
 Broghill (afterwards Earl of Orrery) and Monk 
 would have him." 
 
 We now quote constantly from Samuel Pepys,
 
 14 
 
 (Montagu's kinsman and "Boswell") who had 
 been appointed his secretary, and he says : 
 "Yesterday there were bonfires, and people 
 calling aloud 'God bless King Charles the 
 Second.' " While the fleet was fitting out, 
 Clarendon records that Montagu sent over his 
 cousin to the King in Holland, to say that as 
 soon as the ships were ready, he would be on 
 board and prepared to receive and obey His 
 Majesty's commands. He also sent word what 
 officers he trusted, which he suspected, etc., and 
 desired to know privately if Charles had faith 
 in Monk ; this was no small inconvenience to 
 the King, seeing he was debarred from com- 
 municating to either the trust he had in both, 
 which might have facilitated their designs. 
 Pepys accompanied his patron on board the 
 "Xazeby," which the youthful Admiral had 
 already commanded with honour, and for which 
 ship "my Lord" (for so Pepys prematurely 
 designated his noble kinsman) "discovered in 
 his discourse a great deal of love." Again, "a 
 messenger from London brought letters which 
 will make May-day 1660, remembered as the 
 happiest May-day in England for many years.
 
 15 
 
 In the House of Parliament a letter from the 
 King had been read, during which time the 
 Members remained uncovered, and an answer 
 of thanks had been returned to His Majesty's 
 gracious communication, and better still a 
 supply of £50,000 unanimously granted to 
 him. Then the City of London made a declara- 
 tion that they would have no other Government 
 than King, Lords, and Commons, and 'both 
 Houses of Parliament did concur in the same.' 
 My Lord told me plainly that he thought the 
 King would carry it, and that he did think 
 himself happy that he was now at sea, as well 
 for his own sake as that he thought he could do 
 his country some service in keeping things 
 quiet." About this time, Montagu was elected 
 M.P. for Dover. May 3rd, 1660, a letter and 
 declaration were received on board the "Nazeby " 
 from His Majesty, offering "grace" under 
 certain conditions, and stating the royal wishes 
 and requirements ; upon which Admiral 
 Montagu called a Council of War, and dictated 
 to his secretary the form of a vote which was 
 then read and passed unanimously. Afterwards 
 Pepys accompanied "my Lord" to the quarter-
 
 16 
 
 deck, and there read the declaration to the 
 ship's company amid the loud cheers and " God 
 bless King Charles ! " of the seamen. After a 
 merry dinner, Pepys took boat and visited every 
 ship in the fleet to make known the royal 
 message, and doubtless it was as he said, "a 
 brave sight and pleasant withal " to be received 
 with "respect and honour" and to bring "joy 
 to all men." On his return to the "Nazeby," 
 Montagu was much pleased to hear the fleet 
 received the communication from the King 
 with a transport of joy, and he showed his 
 secretary two private letters that he hnd 
 received from Charles, and the Duke of York, 
 couched in the most friendly language. 
 
 Montagu had now indeed, as Clarendon 
 observes, betaken himself most generously to 
 the King's service. He was occasionally much 
 tried by the over-interference of his colleague, 
 Monk, "yet was he willing to do him all the 
 honour in the world," and let him have all the 
 honour of doing the business, though " he will 
 many times express his thoughts of Monk being 
 a thick-skulled fool." But Monk was most 
 influential, and Montagu, with his wonted
 
 17 
 
 magnanimity, sacrificed his own pride to 
 advance the cause of his royal master, and the 
 prosperity of his country. So wise, judicious, 
 and temperate was he, though still young. 
 
 He dearly loved his profession, and seemed to 
 take a pride and pleasure in adorning and 
 ornamenting the vessels under his command. 
 "My Lord went about to-day to see what altera- 
 tions were to be made in the armes and flas-s, 
 and did give me orders to write for silk flags 
 and scarlet waist-clothes (to be hung round the 
 hull of the ship to protect the men in action) 
 for a rich barge, a noise of trumpets, and a set 
 of tiddlers. He oftentimes played himself on 
 the guitar with much contentment," and appears 
 to have been as hospitable in his house of 
 wooden walls, as at his fine seat of Hinching- 
 brook, "receiving the gentlemen who visited him 
 with great civility. Erequent messengers from 
 and to the King at Breda, and divers bearing 
 letters from the Houses of Parliament. On 
 the 9th of May, a certain noble from the House 
 of Lords, to desire my Lord to provide ships for 
 the transport of the Commissioners to His 
 Majesty, who had just been proclaimed in
 
 18 
 
 London with great pomp. On the same day 
 the Admiral received his orders to sail presently 
 for the King, a command which he obeyed with 
 alacrity, and of which he was very glad." 
 
 On arriving at the Hague they anchored 
 before that " most neat place in all respects," 
 where "my Lord" kissed by proxy the hands 
 of the Queen of Bohemia, and the Prince of 
 Orange, sending a deputation on shore includ- 
 ing his secretary and youthful son. The Prince 
 of Orange himself, is a " pretty boy." In the 
 evening " my Lord showed me his fine cloaths, 
 which are as brave as gold and silver can make 
 them." His royal master appears to have been 
 in a different plight and badly off both for 
 "cloaths" and gold and silver too, and when 
 he received a supply of both his Majesty was 
 so much overjoyed that he called the Princess 
 Hoyal and the Duke of York to inspect the 
 treasures, as they lay in the portmanteau. The 
 Duke of York was now named High Admiral, 
 and visited the "Nazcby," (where he was received 
 with due honour), accompanied by the Duke of 
 Gloucester. On the 23rd, the King came off 
 from shore, and entering Montagu's boat (he
 
 19 
 
 having gone off to meet his Majesty), " did 
 kiss my Lord most affectionately. " The two 
 Dukes, the Queen of Bohemia, the Princess 
 Royal, and the Prince of Orange accompanied 
 Charles in his visit to the "Nazeby," a proud day 
 for Samuel Pepys as well as for the commander ; 
 and the " jSazeby " was re-christened " Charles " 
 by her royal Sponsor ; and no wonder, for the 
 first name could be in no ways pleasing to any 
 of the parties concerned. And so they set sail 
 for England, " his Majesty walking up and 
 down the quarter-deck, and telling mightily 
 interesting stories of his escape from Worcester, 
 and other adventures." At Dover the King 
 was received by General Monk with great ac- 
 clamations, but Montagu remained in his 
 barge, " transported with joy that he had done 
 all this without any the least blur or obstruc- 
 tion in the world." Two days afterwards he 
 received the Order of the Garter, with which 
 he was invested on shipboard ; the like honour 
 being conferred on General Monk, a rare 
 occurrence, as it was seldom given to any one 
 beneath the rank of Earl. 
 
 On the Admiral's arrival in London, he
 
 20 
 
 received the Office of the Great Wardrobe, and 
 had the thanks of Parliament for his services 
 and loyalty. Pepys describes with much per- 
 spicuity the constant labours in which he and 
 his patron were engaged at the Admiralty, 
 showing that habits of business were a part of 
 this remarkable man's qualifications, and that 
 in whatever capacity he acted, it was done 
 zealously and diligently. In July 16G0, he 
 was raised to the Peerage, by the titles Baron 
 of St. Neots, Viscount Hinchingbrook, and 
 Earl of Sandwich. 
 
 He was very merry at the expense of his 
 matter-of-fact secretary when he dined at 
 Whitehall soon after, and " my Lord talked 
 very high how he would have a French cook, 
 and a Master of Horse, and his Lady and child 
 to wear black patches (which methought 
 strange), and when my Lady said she would 
 get a good merchant for her daughter 'Jem,' 
 [afterwards Lady Carteret], he said he would 
 rather see her with a pedlar'.s pack at her back, 
 than to marry a citizen. But my Lord is 
 become quite a courtier." 
 
 At the coronation of Charles II. my Lord
 
 21 
 
 carried the staff of St. Edward, and when he 
 accompanied the King from the Tower to 
 Whitehall, even in "a show so glorious with 
 gold and silver that we were not able to look 
 at it, Lord Sandwich's embroidery and diamonds 
 were not ordinary ; " and afterwards " he talked 
 to me of his coat, which was made in Prance, 
 and cost £200." The prudent Pepys oc- 
 casionally regrets in his patron a magnificence 
 and generosity pushed to extravagance, which 
 indeed caused great anxiety and trouble at 
 different times, not only to himself but to his 
 good wife and housewife, Jemima, and his 
 trusty secretary. Likewise the noble Lord 
 himself confessed, and lamented a taste for card 
 playing. 
 
 The marriage of Charles II. with Katherine, 
 daughter of the King of Portugal, being now 
 agreed on, the King chose Lord Sandwich to be 
 his proxy on the occasion, and to fetch over the 
 new Queen from Lisbon, proceeding also to 
 Algiers to settle affairs there. On arriving at 
 Lisbon, Lord Sandwich detached Sir John 
 Lawson, and ordered him to the Mediterranean 
 to curb the insolence of the Corsairs, after
 
 22 
 
 which he himself proceeded to Tangiers, 
 where he did some execution on the Turks, and 
 managed his negociations so well, that the place 
 was given up to him by the Portuguese, and 
 Lord Peterborough was appointed Governor. 
 Pains were afterwards taken to preserve the 
 fortress, and a fine mole built : but in 1683, 
 the Kins; sent Lord Dartmouth to brins; home 
 the troops and destroy the work, and it fell 
 into the hands of the Moors. There still exists 
 a gate named after Lord Sandwich. " When 
 at Lisbon my Lord sent over presents of 
 mellons and rare grnpes to his Countess in 
 London ; the grapes so fine that Mistress Pepys 
 packed some up in a basket to send to the 
 King's Majesty." Lady Sandwich also received 
 a civet cat, parrot, apes, and many other ec- 
 centric proofs of her Lord's remembrance, 
 which she showed to Mr. Pepys Avhen he dined 
 with her at the Wardrobe. 
 
 The ambassador had some trouble with the 
 matrimonial negociations, and " ' great clashing' 
 with the Portuguese Council, before he could 
 get the portion paid. But the King of 
 Portugall is a very foole almost, and his
 
 23 
 
 mother do all, and he is a poore prince." The 
 Queen was a great recluse on board and would 
 never come on deck, but sent for Lord 
 Sandwich's "musique," [he loved a band on 
 board his vessel] and would sit within her 
 cabin listening to it. Pepys did not admire 
 the ladies her Majesty brought over, thought 
 their farthingales a strange dress, and regrets 
 that they have learned to kiss, and look up 
 and down freely, already forgetting the recluse 
 practice of their country. Queen Katherine 
 gave no rewards to any of the captains or 
 officers, save to " my Lord," but that was 
 an honourable present, a bag of gold worth 
 £1400. 
 
 In the same year, 1662, "when the Duke 
 of York went over to fetch the Queen Mother 
 Henrietta Maria, they fell into foul weather 
 and lost their cables, sayles and masts, but 
 Mr. Coventry writes me word they are safe. 
 Only my Lord Sandwich, who went before in 
 the King's yacht, they know not what is 
 become of him;" which troubles his poor 
 secretary much, " and there is great talk he 
 is lost, but I trust in God the contrary." A
 
 24 
 
 watery grave, indeed, awaited him, but after 
 a nobler fashion. "He carried himself bravely 
 in danger while my Lord Crofts did cry." 
 
 The same faithful chronicler, although 
 uneasy at his Lord's predilection for play, 
 and for the little regret he evinced at losing 
 £50 to the King at my Lady Castlemaine's, 
 is never tired of extolling his magnanimity 
 and forbearance, especially in the matter of 
 his kinsman, Mr. Edward Montagu, with 
 whom he had altercations, and " who did 
 revile him to the King," as was supposed ; 
 but " my Lord," pitied and forgave him. He 
 was an ill-conditioned man, and got into great 
 disfavour at Court, " through his pride and 
 affecting to be great with the Queen." In 
 1663, my Lord leased a house in Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields for £250 per annum. He deter- 
 mined to go to sea once more, and confides 
 to Pepys the state of his finances, having 
 £8000 a year, and being in debt £10,000 ; 
 but there is much due to him from the 
 Wardrobe. In the middle of this discourse 
 Lady Crewe came in to inform his Lordship 
 another son was born to him, upon which the
 
 25 
 
 devout Samuel remarks, " May God send my 
 Lord to study the laying up something for it." 
 
 In the latter days of July 1664, our gallant 
 sailor once more put to sea. The fleet in 
 which he served under the Duke of York was 
 most successful, striking such terror on the 
 coast of Holland that the Dutch Admiral was 
 afraid to venture out. There was also great 
 success with his fleet in the Goree, and 150 
 ships of the Bordeaux fleet laden with wine 
 brandy, etc., were brought into our ports. 
 In the meantime there were all manner of 
 Cabals at home, not only ignoring Lord 
 Sandwich's prowess, but impugning his courage 
 and disinterestedness. Pepys is much vexed 
 with the silence maintained on my Lord's 
 account as regards some of those grand naval 
 victories "to set up the Duke and the Prince, 
 [Rupert] but Mr. Coventry did declare that 
 Lord Sandwich, both in his councils and 
 personal service, had done honourably and 
 serviceably." 
 
 Jealous of his fame at sea and his favour at 
 court, the Admiral's enemies, with Monk at 
 their head, sought for some pretext to under-
 
 26 
 
 mine his prosperity, and they hit on the 
 following. It appeared that it was contrary to 
 the strict regulations of the Admiralty that 
 Bulk, as it was called, should be broken into 
 until the captured vessels were brought into 
 port. Now in a noble engagement with the 
 Dutch, Sandwich, Admiral of the Blue Squadron, 
 broke through the enemy's line, being the first 
 who practised that bold expedient: and he, 
 willing to reward his seamen for their gallant 
 conduct in the action, gave them some portion 
 of the prize money, (which was their due) at sea, 
 not waiting until they had come into port. 
 This was turned to his disadvantage, and his 
 adversaries even dared to insinuate that he had 
 helped himself, as well as his crew. But this 
 accusation was too barefaced, and the King 
 stood by him in these difficult times. 
 Charles II. has often been accused of ingratitude, 
 but at least he never forgot his obligations to, 
 or his personal friendship for, Lord Sandwich, 
 although His Majesty's unconquerable indolence 
 prevented his influence being as great and 
 decisive as might have been expected in the 
 Monarch of the Ilealm.
 
 27 
 
 In the intervals of his employment, Lord 
 Sandwich, who was the fondest of fathers, came 
 up to London frequently to settle the pre- 
 liminaries of his daughter Jemima's marriage 
 to the son of Sir George Carteret, an alliance 
 which gave great satisfaction to both families, 
 and the negociations for which were carried on 
 by the indefatigable Pepys. Indeed it was a 
 good thing at that moment to find any cause for 
 rejoicing, as our Diarist's pages are now full of 
 the record of calamities, caused by the Plague 
 then raging — " no boats on the river, the grass 
 growing up and down Whitehall ; all the people 
 panic stricken, and flying from one place to the 
 other for safety" — with innumerable ghastly 
 records of that terrible time. 
 
 Lord Sandwich was appointed Ambassador 
 Extraordinary to the Court of Madrid, to 
 mediate a Treaty of Peace between Spain and 
 Portugal. After some conference with the 
 Queen-Regent Mariana, he prevailed with her 
 to acknowledge the King of Portugal, and to 
 agree that the King of England should be 
 Mediator to the Peace. Eor this purpose he left 
 Madrid and arrived at Lisbon, January 22, 1667.
 
 28 
 
 The Peace was concluded in the most satis- 
 factory manner, and the King and the Duke 
 of York wrote Sandwich autograph letters 
 of thanks and commendation. He returned to 
 Spain to take leave of the Queen-Mother, who 
 was most friendly and grateful to the English 
 Envoy, and presented him with full length 
 portraits of herself and her son, the Child-King, 
 painted, says Lord Sandwich, "hy her Court 
 painter, Don Sebastian de Herrera, and most 
 excellent likenesses." The portrait of himself, 
 of which we are now speaking, was also painted 
 during his residence in Spain, and he pronounces 
 that also an excellent resemblance. 
 
 Lord Sandwich's letters show his steady 
 adherence to the Protestant religion, and to the 
 interests of his country: likewise his excellent 
 judgment. He was much opposed to the sale 
 of Dunkirk, and strove to arrest the increasing 
 power of France. In fact, the measures he ad- 
 vocated gained him the good will of the whole 
 fleet and of the disinterested part of the nation, 
 but gave great offence to the Duke of York. In 
 the year 1672, on a new war breaking out with 
 the Dutch, Lord Sandwich served as Vice-
 
 29 
 
 Admiral under the man who had become his 
 enemy. On May the 19th, the English fleet, 
 which had been joined by a French squadron, 
 came in sight of the Dutch fleet about eight 
 leagues off Gunfleet, but being separated by 
 hazy weather, the English stood into Southwold 
 Bay, and there anchored till May 28th. Jollity 
 and feasting seem to have been the order of the 
 day on board the English ships, whereupon Lord 
 Sandwich expostulated at such a critical moment, 
 advising that they should stand out to sea, seeing 
 they ran in danger of being surprised by the 
 enemy, as the wind then stood. The Duke of 
 York not only declined to follow this excellent 
 advice, but is said to have returned an insolent 
 and taunting reply. The next day proved the 
 prudence of his wise Admiral's advice, as the 
 firing of the scout ship's cannon gave notice of 
 the enemy's advance. Then the cables were cut 
 and the vessels ranged in as good order as time 
 would permit. Lord Sandwich, in his brave 
 ship the "Royal James," one hundred guns, 
 sailed almost alone, and was the first to engage 
 the enemy at seven o'clock in the morning: his 
 Royal Highness was the next to fire, his vessel
 
 30 
 
 being becalmed ; and this sudden calm, combined 
 with the resolution and prompt bravery of Lord 
 Sandwich, saved the fleet, otherwise endangered 
 by the fireships. Interposing between his yet 
 disordered squadron and the "Great Holland," 
 Captain Brakel, sixty guns, (which was followed 
 by a fireship, and soon seconded by the 
 whole squadron of Van Ghent,) the gallant 
 Englishman defended himself for many hours, 
 disabled several of the enemy's men-of-war, 
 and sank three of their fireships single handed ! 
 while Sir John Jordan, his own Vice- Admiral, 
 and several others, instead of coming to the 
 rescue of the Blue, sailed to the Red to assist 
 the Duke of York. About noon, until which 
 hour he stood at bay like the brave lion that he 
 was, and after giving, as a Dutch historian has 
 it, the utmost proofs of " unfortunate valour," a 
 fourth fireship, covered by the smoke of the 
 enemy, grappled the "Royal James," and set 
 her in a blaze. Of one thousand men who 
 formed his crew at the beginning of the action, 
 six hundred were killed on the deck, (among 
 whom was his son-in-law Carteret) many 
 wounded, and only a few escaped. When Lord
 
 31 
 
 Sandwich saw it was all over with the "Royal 
 James," he ordered his first captain, Sir Richard 
 Haddock, the officers, his own servants, etc., 
 into the long-boat, peremptorily declining to 
 leave the ship, in spite of every entreaty: and 
 when the boat pushed off, the noble form of 
 their commander still stood erect on the quarter- 
 deck of the burning vessel. As Sir John Jordan, 
 whose duty it was to relieve him, sailed past in 
 the morning, Lord Sandwich had remarked to 
 the byestanders that if they were not relieved 
 they must fight it out to the last man, and 
 bravely did he keep his word. Thus perished 
 the man whose noble end to a noble life, called 
 forth eulogiums from friend and foe. Bishop 
 Parker, a partisan of the Duke of York, says : 
 "He fell a sacrifice to the service of his country : 
 endued with the virtues of Alcibiades, untainted 
 by his vices ; capable of any business ; of high 
 birth, full of wisdom, a great commander on 
 sea and land ; learned, eloquent, affable, liberal, 
 magnificent." The Duke of Buckingham, 
 who was in the fleet says: "Lord Sandwich was 
 such a loss, the Dutch might almost have called 
 it a victory." Gerard Brandt, a Dutchman,
 
 32 
 
 says: "He was valiant, intelligent, prudent, 
 civil, obliging in word, and deed, and of great 
 service to his King, not only in war, but in 
 affairs of state and embassies." We have seen 
 by Pepys' testimony, how beloved he was in 
 domestic life. 
 
 On the 10th of June, his body was found off 
 Harwich, clad in the uniform he had worn with 
 so much honour, still adorned with the insignia 
 of England's noblest Order, of which he had 
 proved himself so worthy a knight, the gracious 
 form, strange and almost miraculous as it may 
 appear, unblemished in every part, save some 
 marks of fire on the face and hands. Sir 
 Charles Littleton, Governor of Harwich, re- 
 ceived the remains, and took immediate care for 
 the embalming and honourably disposing of the 
 same, despatching the master of the vessel who 
 had discovered the body to Whitehall, to pre- 
 sent the George belonging to the late Earl, 
 and to learn his Majesty's pleasure, upon 
 which the King, " out of his regard for 
 the great deservings of the said Earl and his 
 unexampled performances in this last act of his 
 life, (and indeed it might have been said his life
 
 33 
 
 throughout) hath resolved to have the body 
 brought to London, there at his charge to receive 
 the rites of funeral due to his quality and 
 merit." The remains were conveyed to 
 Deptford in one of the royal yachts, and there 
 taken out, and a procession formed of barges, 
 adorned with all the pomp of heraldry, the 
 pride of pageantry, with nodding plumes of 
 sable hue — attended by his eldest son as chief 
 mourner, by eight Earls his peers, by the Lord 
 Mayor and many companies of London, with 
 drums all muffled, and trumpets, and minute 
 guns discharged from the Tower and Whitehall : 
 the body covered by a mourning pall of 
 sumptuous velvet, beneath the shadow of the 
 British Elag under which he had served so long 
 and died so nobly. All that was mortal of 
 Edward Montagu, first Earl of Sandwich, was 
 interred on the north side of the altar in Henry 
 VII. s chapel in Westminster Abbey, on July 
 3rd, 1672. 
 
 The compass which he wore during the last 
 hours of his glorious life, and the Blue Bibbon 
 which clung to the heart even when it beat no' 
 longer, still hang in the same frame with the
 
 34 
 
 miniature portraits of himself, and his wife, 
 beside the spirited picture of his last action, by 
 Yandevelde, in the ship-room at Hinchingbrook, 
 where the hero's name is still revered, and his 
 memory cherished with honest pride by his 
 descendants. 
 
 " Pride in the just whose race is run, 
 Whose memory shall endure, 
 Binding the line from sire to son 
 To keep the 'scutcheon pure ! " 
 
 The Honourable yolm George Montagu 
 
 By HOPPNER. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 Born, 1767. Died, 1790.— The eldest son of 
 Viscount Hinchingbrook, afterwards fifth Earl 
 of Sandwich, by Lady Elizabeth Montagu, 
 daughter of the Earl of Halifax. In 1790, he 
 married Dorothy, daughter of Stephen Becken- 
 ham Esq., and died a few months afterwards at 
 Mrs. Beckenham's house in Grosvenor Square.
 
 35 
 
 yohn Wilmot, Earl of Rochester: 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Crimson Robe, over a Cuirass.) 
 
 yohn Wilmot, Earl of Rochester : 
 By wissing. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In Armour, holding a Truncheon.) 
 
 Born, 1648. Died, 1680.— Son of the second 
 Earl, by Anne, daughter of Sir John St. John 
 Bart., and widow of Sir Harry Lee, of Ditchley. 
 The father, a staunch Royalist, died before 
 the Restoration, and left his son little inherit- 
 ance beyond his title ; but that little was 
 well and carefully managed by the widowed 
 mother. Rochester distinguished himself at
 
 36 
 
 school, and also at the University, and although 
 he fell into bad habits in early life, he 
 always retained a love of learning which 
 was most beneficial to him in his latter 
 days. He travelled under the care of a 
 learned Scotchman, Dr. Balfour, whose name 
 he never mentioned without affection. He 
 distinguished himself in several naval engage- 
 ments under the brave Earl of Sandwich and 
 other commanders, and married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Mallet, Esq., " the beautiful 
 heiress," who, after supping with Mistress 
 Stewart, was quietly returning to her lodgings 
 when she was seized upon at Charing Cross 
 by some emissaries of my Lord of Rochester. 
 The lady did not incline to his suit, although 
 it would appear the King himself had spoken 
 to her in behalf of his favourite. But this 
 violence so incensed his Majesty, that he ordered 
 my Lord Rochester to the Tower, and there 
 seemed every chance of his being supplanted 
 by his numerous rivals. Pepys does not tell 
 us how the adventurous lover at length 
 prevailed on the lady to accept his hand, but 
 he enumerates " Mistress Mallet's servants : "
 
 37 
 
 " My Lord Herbert," [afterwards 6th Earl of 
 Pembroke,] "who would have had her, my 
 Lord Hinchingbrook, who was indifferent to 
 her, my Lord John Butler [son of the Duke 
 of Ormond] who might not have her, Sir . . 
 Popham who would do anything to have her, 
 and my Lord Rochester, who would have run 
 away with her." Verily, she made a bad 
 choice among so many. 
 
 Lord Rochester was remarkable for his wit' 
 but also for the extreme licentiousness of his 
 manners and writings. He was a great satirist 
 and had many readers in an age when grossness 
 of style was not only tolerated but admired. 
 His Poem on "Nothing," and the satire 
 against Man, showed great ability, lavished on 
 a bad cause. Of an elegant person, easy 
 address, and winning manners, he was, indeed, 
 a dangerous companion, and his profligacy 
 was notorious, even in the reign of Charles II. 
 He was a great favourite with his royal master, 
 who delighted in his sallies, and declared he 
 preferred Rochester's company, even when he 
 was drunk, to that of any other man, when 
 sober. In his pursuits after adventures he
 
 38' 
 
 would assume all sorts of disguises, sometimes 
 that of a beggar, or porter, or eveu a quack 
 doctor ; and he well knew how to sustain 
 every kind of character. Horace Walpole says 
 of him, "the Muses loved to inspire him, but 
 were ashamed to avow him." De Grammont 
 said he had more wit, and less honour than 
 any man in England. 
 
 But it was reserved for Bishop Burnet, in 
 whose society and conversation he fortunately 
 took great delight, to effect a radical change 
 in the opinions of a man whom the Divine 
 himself had always declared born for better 
 things. By gentle forbearance, considerate 
 kindness, and honest candid friendship, Dr. 
 Burnet brought the suffering and unhappy 
 man, to a sense of the error of his ways, and 
 the letter the Bishop received from the penitent 
 shortly before the death of the latter, is most 
 conclusive on this head : 
 
 "Woodstock Park, June 25, 1680. 
 " My most honoured Dr. Burnet, 
 
 " My spirits and body cling so equally together, that 
 I shall write you a letter us weak as I am in person. I begin 
 to value Churchmen above all men in the world. If God
 
 39 
 
 bfe yet pleased to spare me longer in this world, I hope in 
 your conversation to be exalted to that degree of piety, that 
 the world may see how much I abhor what I so long loved, 
 and how much I glory in repentance, and in God's service. 
 Bestow your prayers upon me that God would spare me (if 
 it be His good will) to show a true repentance and amend- 
 ment of life for the time to come, or else, if the Lord please 
 to put an end to my worldly being now, that He would 
 mercifully accept of my death-bed repentance, and pei'form 
 His promise that He has been pleased to make, that at what 
 time soever a sinner doth repent, He would receive him. 
 Put up these prayers then, dear Doctor, to Almighty God, 
 for your most obedient, and languishing servant, 
 
 Rochester." 
 
 During his last, and most painful illness, he 
 listened with meek deference to the exhortations 
 of many godly men, and received the Sacra- 
 ment with his Lady, which he told Dr. Burnet 
 gave him the more satisfaction, as for a time 
 she had been misled by the errors of the Church 
 of Rome. 
 
 Towards the wife who had so much cause of 
 complaint against him he expressed the sincerest 
 affection and contrition, so much so as to call 
 forth the most passionate grief on her side. 
 He took leave of all, sent messages to many of
 
 40 
 
 his thoughtless comrades, hoping that as his 
 life had done much hurt, so by the mercy of 
 God his deatli might do some good ; called often 
 for his children, his young son, and three 
 daughters, thanked God in their presence 
 for the blessing they were to him ; and died 
 quietly, and peacefully at the last, after suffer- 
 ing terrible anguish of body, on the morning 
 of the 26th of July, 1680, at the Ranger's Lodge 
 at Woodstock. 
 
 Frances, Lady Carteret 
 
 By SIR GODFREY KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In a White Dress, playing on a Spinnet.) 
 
 Born, 1694. Died, 1713.— The daughter of 
 Sir Robert Worsley, of Appledurcombe, Isle of 
 Wight, by Frances, only daughter and heiress 
 of the first Viscount Weymouth. Married in 
 1710 at Longleat, the seat of her grandfather, 
 to John, Lord Carteret, great grandson of the
 
 41 
 
 first Earl of Sandwich, Ambassador Extra- 
 ordinary to the Court of Sweden, principal 
 Secretary of State, and Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland, and one of the Chief Justices for 
 England, during the Sovereign's absence beyond 
 seas ; in fact the holder of many offices and 
 dignities which he filled with honour. Lady 
 Carteret accompanied her husband when he 
 attended the Queen to Hanover, and in that 
 city she died, quite suddenly, while playing on 
 the harp. She was a friend and correspondent 
 of Jonathan Swift. 
 
 Charles, Lord IVilmot : 
 
 By HAWKER. 
 
 Half-Length : Oval. 
 
 (A Boy in a Blue Mantle.) 
 
 Born, He was the only son of John, Earl 
 
 of Rochester. Died in 1681, a minor and un- 
 married, w r hen the title became extinct. With
 
 42 
 
 all his faults Lord Rochester appears to have 
 loved his only boy tenderly, and to have 
 earnestly desired to keep him from the evils 
 into which he himself had fallen. The follow- 
 ing letter addressed by the father to the son is 
 a touching proof of these better feelings : 
 
 " To my Lord Wilmot :— 
 
 I hope, Charles, when you receive this and know that 
 I have sent this gentleman to be your tutor, you will be 
 very glad to see I take such care of you, and be very grate- 
 ful, which is the best way of showing your obedience. You 
 are now grown big enough to be a man, if you are wise 
 enough, and the way to be truly wise, is to serve God, learn 
 your books, observe the instructions of your parents first, 
 and next your Tutor, to whom I have entirely resigned you 
 for these seven years, and according as you employ that time 
 you are to be happy or unhappy for ever. But I have so 
 good an opinion of you that I am glad to think you will 
 never deceive me. Dear child, learn your book and be 
 obedient, and you shall see what a father will be to you. 
 You shall want no pleasure, while you are good, and that 
 you may be so is my constant prayer. 
 
 Rochester."
 
 43 
 
 Lady Brooke 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Blue Dress.) 
 
 This portrait has no name in the original 
 catalogue, but it appears almost certain that it 
 represents the Lady Anne Wilmot, eldest 
 daughter of the Earl of Rochester, and sister to 
 Lady Lisburne, and Elizabeth, Countess of 
 Sandwich. She married Francis Greville, son 
 and heir to Lord Brooke (he died in 1710, 
 eleven days before his father), by whom she had 
 Eulke, who succeeded his grandfather in the 
 title, William, and two daughters. 
 
 Viscountess Lisburne : 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Loose Blue Dress, Blue Veil.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1716.— Lady Mallet Wilmot, 
 
 was the third and youngest daughter, and
 
 44 
 
 co-heiress, of John, Earl of Rochester, by 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John Mallet, Esq. She 
 married John Vaughan, Esq. , afterwards created 
 Baron Eeathard and Viscount Lisburne, County 
 Antrim, Ireland. They had two sons and 
 several daughters. Lord Lisburne died in 
 1721. 
 
 Lady Anne Montagu 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Oval. As a Child, White Dress.) 
 
 Born, 1674. Died, 1746.— Daughter of 
 Ralph, Duke of Montagu, by his first wife. 
 Married first, Alexander Popham, Esq., and 
 secondly, her cousin, Lieutenant-General Daniel 
 Harvey, Governor of Guernsey.
 
 45 
 
 Jemima, First Countess of Sandwich 
 
 By ADRIAN HANNEMANN. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Blue Satin Dress. Scarf in the Left Hand.) 
 
 The eldest daughter of John, first Baron 
 Crewe of Skene, North Hants, by Jemima, 
 daughter and co-heiress of Edward Waldegrave, 
 Esq., Co. Essex. Married in 1642, to Edward 
 Montagu, first Earl of Sandwich, by whom 
 she had five sons and four daughters. 
 
 That useful gossip Pepys was very proud 
 of his acquaintance with Lady Sandwich and 
 he seems to have neglected no opportunity 
 of getting news for his " Chronicle," from her, 
 as well as from her housekeeper, Sarah, who 
 knew a great deal about Court matters 
 and was most communicative, particularly in 
 affairs of scandal. His first mention of Lady 
 Sandwich is where he goes to dine with her 
 and tell her the news (by order of Sir William
 
 46 
 
 Pen,) how that " an expresse had come from 
 my Lord [then with the fleet] that by a great 
 storm and tempest the mole at Argier had 
 been broken down and several of our ships 
 sunk," and he thanks God, "that unlucky 
 business is ended." In another dinner at the 
 "Wardrobe," my Lady showed him a civet 
 cat, parrot, and ape, which her Lord had sent 
 her as a present from beyond seas. Her Lady- 
 ship, moreover seems to have taken Mr. Pepys 
 into her councils, as regarded matrimonial 
 alliances for her daughters, as we find him 
 commissioned to inquire into the estate of Sir 
 George Carteret, whose son Phillip was a 
 suitor for my Lady Jemima, a marriage which 
 afterwards took place, and every particular of 
 which is detailed with a great sense of reflected 
 importance by Pepys " who wore his new 
 coloured silk suit on the occasion. " He assisted 
 Lady Sandwich to settle accounts at that time, 
 and he does not forget to inform us that he 
 was invited down to Hinchingbrook, to keep 
 her company, " so mighty kind is my Lady ; 
 but for my life I could not." 
 
 On the 28th of May, 1665, he goes to my
 
 47 
 
 Lady Sandwich's, " where to my shame I had 
 not been a long time," primed with a highly 
 spiced story of " how my Lord of Rochester 
 had run away with Mistress Mallet, the great 
 beauty and fortune of the north," and he 
 found Lady Sandwich both interested and 
 distressed by the news, as she had intended 
 the fair heiress for her son, Hinchingbrook ; 
 and even now, she hoped the match might be 
 broken off between the lady, and Lord 
 Rochester, in w T hich particular she was dis- 
 appointed. But strangely enough, the daughter 
 of the run-away couple did, unfortunately for 
 her poor husband, become Countess of Sandwich. 
 Pepys goes all alone with my Lady to Dagen- 
 ham, near Romford, in Essex, where Lady 
 Jemima Carteret and her husband resided : 
 " and a pleasant going it was, very merry, and 
 the young couple well acquainted ; but Lord ! 
 to see what fear all the people here do live in' ' — 
 on account of the Plague. Two years after- 
 wards we find our Chronicler walking up from 
 Brampton, where he resided for some time, to 
 Hinchingbrook, to spend the afternoon with 
 that most excellent discreet and good lady, who
 
 48 
 
 was mightily pleased, as she informed him, 
 with the lady who was to be her son Hinching- 
 brook's wife. He found the two Ladies Montagu 
 " grown proper ladies and handsome enough ; " 
 and the Countess, as was often the case, con- 
 ferred with Mr. Pepys on financial matters, 
 complaining they were much straitened in 
 circumstances, and she had had to part with 
 some valuable plate, and one of the best suites 
 of hangings. We are assured by the same 
 gentleman that " the House of Hinchingbrook 
 is excellently furnished, with brave rooms and 
 good pictures," and that " it pleased infinitely 
 beyond Audley End." 
 
 Lady Sandwich died at the house of her 
 daughter, Lady Anne Edgecumbe, at Cothele, 
 County Devon, and was buried at Carstock, in 
 Cornwall. The children of the first Earl and 
 Countess of Sandwich were: Edward, who 
 succeeded as second Earl ; Sydney, who married 
 the daughter and heiress of Sir Erancis 
 Wortley, of Wortley, County York, which 
 patronymic he assumed, and was father-in-law 
 to the famous Lady Mary Wortley Montagu; 
 Oliver, who died unmarried, aged 38; John, in
 
 49 
 
 Holy Orders, died unmarried, aged 73; Charles 
 married first, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis 
 
 Forster, and secondly, Sarah, daughter of 
 
 Rogers, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Esq., by both of 
 whom he left issue. The daughters : Jemima, 
 married to Sir Philip Carteret, who fell with 
 his father-in-law in the battle of Southwold 
 Bay, May, 1672, in consideration of whose 
 services the King elevated his son George to the 
 peerage, as Baron Carteret; Paulina, who died 
 unmarried; Anne, married to Sir Richard 
 Edgecumbe, by whom she was mother of the 
 first Lord Edgecumbe, of Mount Edgecumbe, 
 County Devon; she was married secondly, to 
 Christopher Montagu, brother to the Earl of 
 Halifax, and died in 1727; Catherine, married 
 to Nicholas, son and heir to Sir Nicholas Bacon, 
 of Shrubland Hall, Suffolk, and afterwards to 
 the Rev. Mr. Gardeman. She died at the age 
 of ninety-six.
 
 50 
 Edward, First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By ADRIAN HANNEMANN. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (In Armour. Badge of the Order of tlie Garter, or lesser 
 George, suspended from the Neck by Gold Chain, Lace 
 Cravat, Long Hair.) 
 
 Elizabeth, Viscountess Hinchingbrook 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Seated, holding a Book. White Satin Dress. Blue Ribbon 
 in Front.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1761. — The only daughter 
 
 of Alexander Popham, Esq., of Littlecote, Wilts, 
 by Lady Anne, daughter of Ralph, Duke of 
 Montagu. She married firstly, Viscount 
 Hinchingbrook, only son of Edward, third Earl
 
 51 
 
 of Sandwich, by whom she had John, who 
 succeeded his grandfather as fourth Earl, 
 Edward, and William ; and two daughters, 
 Mary and Elizabeth. Lady Hinchingbrook 
 married secondly, Erancis Seymour, Esq., of 
 Sherborne, Dorset, by whom she had two sons 
 and one daughter. 
 
 She died at her house in Charles Street, 
 Berkeley Square, and was buried in South 
 Audley Street Chapel. 
 
 The Hon. Richard Montagu 
 
 By RILEY. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Oval. Crimson Dress. Lace Cravat.) 
 
 Born, 1671. Died, 1697.— The second son of 
 the second Earl of Sandwich, by Lady Anne 
 Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Burlington. 
 He was M.P. for Huntingdon. Died unmarried.
 
 52 
 
 Edward, First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Star of the Order of the Garter on Shoulder.) 
 
 Edward Richard, Viscount 
 Hinchingbrook : 
 
 Br SIR GODFREY KNELLER. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Oval. Blue Jacket, and Velvet Cap. Hand resting on Hip.) 
 
 John, Earl of Rochester . 
 
 By WISSING. 
 
 TlIKEE-QUARTER LENGTH. 
 
 (In Armour, with Crimson Robe. Lace Cravat.)
 
 53 
 
 Elizabeth, Countess of Burlington 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Standing by an Arch. Dark Dress with Pearls ; Dark Blue 
 Scarf over the Shoulder. Holding a Wreath of Flowers.) 
 
 The only daughter and heiress of Henry 
 Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. Married Richard, 
 Viscount Dungarvan, eldest son of the great 
 Earl of Cork, at Skipton Castle, in Craven, 1635. 
 Lord Dungarvan was distinguished for loyalty 
 and bravery, in common with his father and 
 brothers. In 1642, he and the Lord Inchiquin 
 defeated the Irish army near Liscarrol, on which 
 occasion the Earl of Cork's four sons were 
 engaged on the royal side, and Viscount 
 Kynalmeakey was slain. After many successes 
 Lord Dungarvan carried over his forces to 
 England, on the cessation of arms in Ireland. 
 In 1643, he landed with them near Chester, 
 and subsequently joined his Sovereign in the 
 County of Dorset, when by reason of his
 
 54 
 
 services, and his marriage with the daughter 
 and heiress of the Earl of Cumberland, Lord 
 Cork (he had succeeded his father in the 
 Irish title) was created Baron Clifford, of 
 Lanesborough, Co. York. 
 
 On the triumph of the Parliamentary cause 
 he went beyond seas, but he promoted the 
 restoration of Charles II., and was advanced to 
 the dignity of Earl of Burlington, Co. York. 
 Lord Burlington died in the 86th year of his 
 age, and by Elizabeth his wife he had two sons, 
 and five daughters, the fourth of whom, Lady 
 Anne, married Edward, second Earl of Sandwich, 
 a match which Pepys much approved. He 
 speaks of an interview with Lady Burlington 
 at Burlington House, where he first saw and 
 saluted her: "A very fine speaking lady and 
 brave, and a good woman, but old and not 
 handsome." Perhaps Master Samuel was not 
 at that moment in a humour to be pleased, as, 
 "bringing in a candle to seal a letter, they set 
 fire to my perriwigg, which made an odd 
 noise."
 
 55 
 
 Edward, First Lord Montagu of 
 Boitghton : 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (In Peer's Parliamentary Robes. Holding in his Hand the 
 Badge of the Order of the Bath suspended from his 
 Neck.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1644.— The eldest son of 
 
 Sir Edward Montagu, of Boughton, North 
 Hants, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James 
 Harrington, of Exton, Rutland, Knight, by 
 whom he had eight sons and three daughters : 
 the third son, Henry, being ancestor to the 
 Dukes of Manchester and the Earls of Halifax ; 
 and the sixth, Sidney, to the Earls of Sandwich. 
 Edward, the eldest, was also Knighted of the 
 Shire, and then created Knight of the Bath at 
 the coronation of James I, he did good service 
 in Parliament; was much opposed to Popish 
 doctrines, was one of the first named on the 
 committee to consider the confirmation of the 
 Book of Common Prayer, and many weighty 
 matters, was the principal promoter of keeping
 
 56 
 
 a day of public thanksgiving on the 5th of 
 November, in remembrance of the failure of 
 the Gunpowder Plot, on which day he also 
 instituted a charitable gift of "forty shillings 
 yearly to the world's end," to be given to the 
 poor of certain towns in Northamptonshire, if 
 present at Divine Service the same day. He 
 was advanced to the dignity of Baron Montagu, 
 of Boughton, for his services and great abilities, 
 in the nineteenth year of the reign of James I. 
 He was remarkable for his piety, not only 
 attending constantly and punctually at church, 
 but having regular prayers on week days, "as 
 also singing of two psalms after supper in the 
 hall in his own house." He was a patron to 
 men of letters and learning, showing great 
 discrimination in his choice of bestowal of 
 livings in his gift, and "an enemy to pluralities 
 and non-residency." Not only did he do good 
 "to the good to make them better, but also to 
 the bad to keep them from worse." It is 
 scarcely credible how many poor as well as rich 
 he fed. It is reported that a hired coachman 
 of London, who had been at my Lord's house, 
 told on his return that he had seen 1200 people
 
 57 
 
 served in a day at my Lord Montagu's door, 
 which was not credited, and a wager of £10 
 laid. It was brought to trial and proved. He 
 built a fair Hospital at Weekly for eight 
 persons, with a liberal allowance, and a blue 
 gown to each every second year. 
 
 But this "rood and noble Peer fell into 
 misfortune through his loyalty to King Charles 
 I., and Lord Clarendon relates that the Parlia- 
 ment took him prisoner at his House of 
 Boughton, " a person of great reverence above 
 fourscore years of age, and of unblemished 
 reputation, because he declared himself un- 
 satisfied with their disobedient proceedings 
 towards the King." 
 
 Sir Philip Warwick also says: "The family 
 of Montagu is noble and worthy. It had six 
 brothers, four remarkable for several qualifica- 
 tions ; the eldest, Lord Montagu, a man of 
 plain, downright English spirit, of steady 
 courage and a devout heart, a son of the Church 
 of England, yet so devout that he was by some 
 reckoned among the Puritans. He was a 
 great benefactor to the town of Northampton, 
 (being Lord Lieutenant of the County), and
 
 58 
 
 he bore such sway there, that " the multitude 
 of vulgars flocked about him when he came to 
 town, as if he had been their topical deity." 
 When he was taken prisoner on his road to 
 London, he met my Lord Essex at Barnet, 
 who was proceeding with the army against 
 the King. That nobleman stopped his coach, 
 intending to go and salute Lord Montagu, 
 who presently ordered his coachman to drive 
 on, as this was no time for compliments. 
 When brought before the Committee of State, 
 where he pleaded nobly, the verdict was that 
 he should be detained a prisoner, but that it 
 might be in his own daughter's house. This 
 he utterly refused, saying, that if he deserved 
 to be a prisoner, he deserved to be sent to a 
 prison, and that he would not be sent to the 
 house of the Countess of Rutland, which 
 would be irksome to him, that lady being busy 
 in the Parliament's cause — unless the warrant 
 named her house as his prison ; " whereat the 
 Countess was much disgruntled." 
 
 Lord Montagu was accordingly conveyed to 
 the Savoy, near the Strand, in the suburbs of 
 London, where he departed this life on the
 
 59 
 
 15th of June, 1644. He was thrice married ; 
 first to Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of 
 Sir John Jeffrey, of Chitingley, Sussex, Knight, 
 Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by whom 
 he had an only daughter ; secondly, to Prances, 
 daughter of Thomas Cotton, of Connington, 
 Hunts, by whom he had a son who died 
 unmarried, Edward his successor, William, and 
 the aforesaid Countess of Rutland ; thirdly, to 
 Anne Crouch, of Cornbury, Herts, by whom he 
 had no issue. 
 
 Lord Montagu was grandfather to Ralph, 
 first Duke of Montagu. He was interred in 
 Weekly Church, Northamptonshire, where a 
 splendid monument commemorates his many 
 virtues. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Cromwell: 
 By walker. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Green Cardinal edged with Gold, fastened in Front with a 
 Jewel. White Satin Hood, White Tippet, Pearl 
 Necklace.)
 
 60 
 
 Born, Died, 1654. — Daughter of William 
 
 Stewart, Esq., through whom she claimed 
 distant kinship with the King of England. 
 Widow of William Lynne, of Basingbourne ; 
 married Robert Cromwell, Esq., by whom she 
 had four sons, of whom only one, Oliver, grew 
 up to manhood, and six daughters. On the 
 death of her husband she continued the 
 Brewery, out of the profits of which and a 
 scanty pittance of £60 a year, she gave her 
 numerous daughters a good education, and 
 dowries on their marriage, " with which they 
 were not ashamed to ally themselves with 
 good families." Mrs. Cromwell was indeed 
 a most exemplary and loveable woman ; of an 
 angelic temper and disposition, yet full of 
 self-help, she retained the simple tastes and 
 gentle humanity wiiich had characterised her 
 in the Brewery, at Huntingdon, when trans- 
 planted, by her son's wish, to the splendour 
 of the Palace at Whitehall, where her life was 
 fretted by her anxiety for the safety of her 
 beloved son. Oliver's filial duty was undeni- 
 able : he appreciated to the utmost his mother's 
 excellent qualities ; and on her death he caused
 
 61 
 
 her to be buried with great pomp in 
 Westminster Abbey, though her tastes would 
 have pointed to a quiet funeral, in a country 
 churchyard, where her remains would have 
 been left unmolested. At the Restoration her 
 body was dug up, and with many others, cast 
 ignominiously into a hole. 
 
 In one of the many " Lives of the Protector," 
 the portrait at Hinchingbrook is alluded to as 
 most characteristic. " The small pretty mouth, 
 the full large melancholy eyes, the fair hair 
 under the modest little hood, the simple but 
 refined dress with the one small jewel clasping 
 her handkerchief." The same writer speaking 
 of her says: " Her single pride was honesty, her 
 passion love." 
 
 William Laud, Archbishop of 
 Canterbury : 
 
 A Copy of Vandyck in Lambeth Palace. 
 
 By STONE. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 Born at Reading, 1573. — Beheaded, 1645.
 
 62 
 
 Son of a clothier. Pellow of St. John's College, 
 Oxford. He afterwards took Orders, and was 
 ■very vehement against the Puritans. Had 
 many different livings ; became Chaplain to 
 James I., whom he accompanied to Scotland. 
 Became Prebendary of Westminster, and 
 consecutively Bishop of St. Davids, Bath and 
 Wells, and London, and subsequently Prime 
 Minister and Archbishop of Canterbury. In 
 1622 he held a famous conference with Fisher 
 the Jesuit in the presence of the Duke of 
 Buckingham and his mother, who were waver- 
 ing in their allegiance to the Protestant faith, 
 and were fixed therein by the eloquence of 
 Laud. He was more than once tempted to 
 abjure his own religion by the offer of a 
 Cardinal's hat, but each time he gave an 
 emphatic denial. He was very strict in 
 requiring the revision and licensing of 
 published books by high ecclesiastical authority, 
 and concerned in several prosecutions of the 
 Star Chamber against Bishop Williams, the 
 master of Westminster School, &c. 
 
 When the Parliament of 1639 was abruptly 
 dissolved, the odium of the measure was thrown
 
 63 
 
 on Laud, and he was attacked in his Palace at 
 Lambeth by the mob. The execution of 
 Strafford was the forerunner of his own ; he 
 had made himself unpopular with the Nation 
 and with the Commons, and on the accusation 
 of Sir Henry Vane, he was sent to the Tower 
 in 1641, where he was detained for three years 
 and treated with much severity. In 1644 he 
 was tried, and though nothing treasonable was 
 proved, a bill of attainder was passed. He 
 made an eloquent defence, but all in vain, and 
 he suffered death on Tower Hill in 1645, 
 displaying great courage. Clarendon says : 
 " His learning, piety, and virtue, have been 
 attained by few, and the greatest of his 
 infirmities are common to all men." 
 
 Of all the Prelates of the Anglican Church, 
 Macaulay says that Laud departed farthest 
 from the principles of the Reformation and 
 nearest to Rome. He hated Calvinism, he 
 had a passion for forms and ceremonies, dis- 
 approved of the marriage of ecclesiastics ; all 
 which opinions would have made him detested 
 by the Puritans, even if he had used legal and 
 gentle means only for the attainment of his
 
 64 
 
 ends. His understanding was narrow, he had 
 but scanty knowledge of the world under his 
 direction ; every corner of the realm, every 
 separate congregation, even the devotions of 
 private families were suhjected to the vigilance 
 of his spies. Unfortunately for himself and 
 for the country, the King was influenced in all 
 public matters by the counsels of the Primate. 
 
 Robert Cromwell. 
 By walker. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Black Gown, White Collar, Black Skull Cap.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1617. — The second son of Sir 
 
 Henry Cromwell, Knight (surnamed the Golden 
 Knight) of Hinchingbrook, Huntingdon, by 
 Joan, daughter of Sir Ralph Warren, Lord 
 Mayor of London. A younger son with a 
 slender pittance, he was, by the countenance 
 of his brother, Sir Oliver, made Justice of the 
 Peace. He went, on his marriage, to live in
 
 65 
 
 the town of Huntingdon, at a house which had 
 been a Brewery for many years, and the 
 business of which he thought it prudent to 
 continue with the help and good management 
 of his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of William 
 Stewart, of Ely, undoubted descendant of the 
 royal line of Stewart ; a connection on which 
 the Protector, with the inconsistency he often 
 evinced in such matters, prided himself highly. 
 Robert Cromwell's immediate ancestors were 
 of a Welsh family named Williams, one 
 of whom married the sister of Cromwell, 
 Earl of Essex, Prime Minister to Henry VIII. , 
 whose son having risen into favour at Court 
 and received the grant of several Church lands 
 near Huntingdon, fixed his residence in that 
 town, and assumed the name of Cromwell. In 
 a tournament at Westminster, on May Day, 
 1540, where Sir Richard Cromwell had 
 stricken down challenger after challenger in 
 honour of his King; Henry VIII., in high good 
 humour, called out : " Formerly thou wast my 
 Dick, but hereafter thoushalt be my diamond," 
 at the same moment dropping a diamond ring, 
 which the knight picked up and restored to his
 
 66 
 
 Majesty. "No," said Henry, laughing, and 
 placing it on his favourite's finger : " henceforth 
 thou shalt bear such an one in the fore jamb of 
 the demi-lion in thy crest ; " and such a ring, says 
 one of his chroniclers, did Oliver wear when he 
 entered the lists against his lawful sovereign. 
 
 "Mr. Cromwell and his wife," we are told 
 by the same biographer, " were persons of worth, 
 in no way inclined to disaffection, civil or 
 religious ; they lived on a small pittance, and 
 brought up their children well, through the 
 exercise of honest frugality. ' ' Robert Cromwell 
 died at Cromwell House, Huntingdon, in 1617, 
 and was buried at All Saints Church in that 
 town. His widow survived him 37 years. 
 
 Portrait of a Dark Youth in Armour 
 Unnamed. 
 
 Three Portraits Unnamed.
 
 67 
 
 Elisabeth, Countess of Northumberland : 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Auburn Ringlets. Orange Satin Gown with Pearls. Right 
 Hand holding her Dress.) 
 
 Born, 1647. Died, 1690.— Elizabeth Wriothesley 
 was the youngest daughter of Lord Treasurer 
 Southampton, by Lady Elizabeth Leigh, sole 
 daughter and heiress of the Earl of Chichester. 
 Her eldest sister, Lady Audrey, was betrothed 
 to Josceline, Lord Percy, son of the tenth Earl 
 of Northumberland, but dying before her 
 fifteenth year was completed, the name of her 
 sister was substituted for hers (by family 
 arrangement) in the marriage contract. In 
 the year 1662, Elizabeth being then about 
 fifteen, and Lord Percy barely 18, the marriage 
 was solemnised. The bride's sister, Lady 
 Rachel Russell, observes it was acceptance 
 rather than choice ; yet the union proved very 
 happy. At first the young pair were not much 
 together ; the bridegroom remained with his
 
 68 
 
 tutor, and the bride with her parents, at 
 Titchfield, in Hampshire ; but in 1664-5, 
 her letters to Lady Eachel are dated from 
 Petworth, where she was living with her 
 husband. She had a daughter born in 1666, 
 and a son and heir in 1668 ; in 1669, another 
 daughter, who died an infant. Lord Percy 
 succeeded his father in 1668, and the following 
 year their son died, which made so sad an 
 impression on Lady Northumberland, then 
 just recovering from her confinement, that 
 change of scene was considered necessary for 
 her, and she left England for Paris with her 
 husband and the celebrated Locke (as their 
 physician), in whose care Lord Northumberland 
 left his wife while he proceeded to Italy. At 
 Turin he was attacked by fever, and died in the 
 flower of his age, a brilliant future lying before 
 him, with every prospect of happiness. 
 
 Lady Northumberland remained at Paris, 
 where Ralph, Lord Montagu, was then 
 Ambassador, and he soon became attracted 
 by the beautiful young widow, paying her 
 gradual and delicate attentions ; but it was two 
 years before he ventured to pronounce himself
 
 69 
 
 her ardent admirer. In the winter of 1672 she 
 went to Aix, where Montagu followed her. 
 Madame de la Payette writes : " Je vous envoie 
 un paquet pour Madame de Northumberland ; 
 on dit que si M. de Montagu n'a pas eu un 
 heureux succes de son voyage, il passera en 
 Italie pour faire voir que ce ne'est pas pour les 
 beaux yeux de la Comtesse qu 'il court le pays." 
 
 But it seems he followed her back to Paris, 
 in spite of those predictions. In another letter 
 from Madame de la Payette, she writes : 
 " Madame de Northumberland me parait une 
 femme qui a 6te fort belle, mais qui n'a pas un 
 seul trait de visage qui se soutienne, ni ou il soit 
 reste le moindre air de jeunesse ; elle est avec 
 cela mal habillee, point de grace, etc." She 
 also alludes to her understanding, what Madame 
 de la Payette said to her as if her knowledge 
 of the Prench language was limited. The 
 same writer says: "J'ai fort parle" d'elle a 
 Montagu ; il ne fait aucun facon d'etre 
 embarque a son service, et parait rempli 
 d'esperance." (April 15, 1673.) 
 
 There w r ere as usual fluctuations in his 
 hopes and fears, the lady being at one time
 
 70 
 
 jealous, we are told, of the Duchesse de Brissac, 
 a former " flame " of the Ambassador's ; but in 
 1673 they came to England, and were privately- 
 married at Titchneld, Lady Northumberland's 
 paternal home. Evelyn talks of her eight, or 
 even ten years after this, as the " beautiful 
 Countess," a testimony we accept more willingly 
 than that of the fault-finding Madame de la 
 Eayette. She was in England in 1675, and 
 was at issue for some time with the Dowager 
 Countess of Northumberland, her mother-in- 
 law, respecting the care and guardianship of 
 Lady Elizabeth Percy, the only surviving child 
 and heiress of the late Earl ; the subject of the 
 girl's marriage, and the choice of a husband 
 beins: a great bone of contention. Ladv Rachel 
 Russell says : " My sister urges that her only 
 child should not be disposed of without her 
 consent, and in my judgment it is hard, yet I 
 fancy I am not partial." The old lady was 
 triumphant, however, and contrived to get the 
 young heiress into her power, or rather to assert 
 her power over her fortunes, and Elizabeth 
 Percy had the strange fate of being three times 
 a wife, and twice a widow ere she was sixteen.
 
 71 
 
 She married, when only thirteen, Cavendish, 
 Duke of Newcastle, who immediately assumed 
 the name and arms of Percy ; but he died a few 
 months after his marriage, in 1680. The 
 child-widow had then among many other 
 suitors, Count Konigsmark, the celebrated 
 adventurer, and Thomas Thynne, of Longleat, 
 to whom her grandmother hastened to betroth 
 her, lest she should show a preference for the 
 foreigner. But before the marriage could be 
 actually solemnized, he was murdered in his 
 coach at the instigation of his rival; and the 
 beautiful heiress married shortly afterwards 
 the sixth Duke of Somerset, surnamed the Proud. 
 The girl's mother does not seem to have been 
 consulted in any of these matchmakings ; 
 her own married life was not a happy one. 
 Montagu was boundlessly extravagant ; he was 
 now occupied in building Montagu House with 
 his wife's money ; he was involved in political 
 intrigues which did not redound to his honour, 
 and in 1678 he went to Paris on his astrological 
 mission, and renewed his loves and quarrels 
 with the Duchess of Cleveland and others. 
 He returned to England, to involve himself in
 
 72 
 
 fresh plots, and in 1680, accompanied by his 
 wife, he went to Paris in disgrace and pecuniary 
 difficulties ; circumstances not calculated to 
 improve a temper naturally irritable. 
 
 Lady Rachel Russell often speaks of her 
 sister when in Paris ; of that lady's sympathy 
 with the Protestants after the Revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantes ; her anxiety on account of 
 her daughter, Anne Montagu's, health, etc. 
 A year afterwards she lost her eldest son, aged 
 12 ; and it must have been a source of regret 
 that she was not at hand to comfort Lady 
 Rachel in the hour of her sorrow, Lord "William 
 Russell's execution taking place while his 
 sister-in-law was still in Paris. On Lady 
 Northumberland's return to England, we hear 
 of her at Windsor with her "lovely boy," and 
 little Anne. On her husband's creation as 
 Earl, his wife dropped her widowed title, and 
 called herself Countess Montagu. After the 
 Revolution, Lord and Lady Montagu spent 
 most of their time at Eoughton, at which 
 place the latter died in September, 1G90, aged 
 forty-four. 
 
 Lady Pvachel Russell speaks thus of her
 
 73 
 
 death : " She was my last sister, and I loved 
 her tenderly. It pleases me to think she 
 deserves to be remembered by all who knew 
 her ; but after 40 years' acquaintance with so 
 amiable a creature, one must needs, in reflect- 
 ing, bring to remembrance so many engaging 
 endearments as are at present embittering and 
 painful." 
 
 One son and one daughter survived ; John, 
 Lord Monthermer, afterwards second Duke of 
 Montagu ; and Anne, mother to the Lady 
 Hinchingbrook, by whose Will this picture 
 was bequeathed to her son, the fourth Earl of 
 Sandwich. 
 
 Edward^ first Earl of Sandwich : 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Buff Coat and Cuirass. Lace Cravat and Ruffles. Blue 
 Sash over the Shoulder. Broad Red Sash round the 
 Waist. Right Hand holding a Truncheon, which rests 
 on the Mouth of a Cannon ; Left Hand on his Hip.) 
 
 F
 
 74 
 Ralph, Duke of Montagu 
 
 By RILEY. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Curled Wig. Loose Gown of Orange Silk.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1708. The only surviving 
 
 son of Edward, second Lord Montagu of 
 Boughton, by Anne, daughter of Sir Ralph 
 Winwood. He was educated at Westminster 
 and on the death of his elder brother suc- 
 ceeded him as Master of the Horse to Queen 
 Catherine, Consort of Charles II. He was 
 sent as Ambassador to Paris, in 1669, for 
 which office, says a contemporary, he was 
 more indebted to the partiality of the fair 
 sex, than to his own merits. He told Sir 
 William Temple he was resolved to become 
 Ambassador in France, and Sir William asked 
 him on what he founded his hopes, as neither 
 the King nor the Duke of York were attached 
 to him. "They shall act" said Montagu, 
 " as if they were ;" upon which Sir William 
 Temple remarks that his appointment was
 
 75 
 
 brought about by the favour of the ladies, 
 who were always his best friends, for some 
 perfection the rest of the world did not discover. 
 He was famous when in Prance, for the 
 state in which he lived. "He entered Paris," 
 (says Collins) " with a more than common 
 appearance, having seventy-four pages and 
 footmen in rich liveries, twelve led horses 
 with their furniture, twenty-four gentlemen 
 on horseback, and eighteen English noblemen 
 and gentlemen of quality in four rich coaches 
 with eight horses each, and two chariots with 
 six, made as costly as art could contrive." 
 The King and the Duke of Orleans received 
 him with great honour, and he was entertained 
 both at St. Cloud and Versailles, the fountains 
 of which played in his honour ; and it was 
 here he imbibed a taste for building and laying 
 out gardens, which he afterwards indulged to 
 a great extent. The beautiful and youthful 
 Countess of Northumberland, who had lately 
 become a widow, was residing in Paris, and as 
 we mention in the notice of her life, Montagu 
 became her suitor, and eventually her husband. 
 They were married privately in England in
 
 76 
 
 1673. After his marriage he became a Privy 
 Councillor and Master of the Great Wardrobe, 
 an office he bought of the Earl of Sandwich. 
 He busied himself in building on a magnificent 
 scale, and found his wife's money most useful 
 to him in carrying out his plans. 
 
 Although already rather in disrepute at 
 Court, King Charles II. did not disdain to 
 employ Montagu in 1678 on a new, and in 
 every sense of the word, extraordinary mission 
 to Paris. At that time there resided in the 
 French capital, an astrologer who had gained 
 great credit by predicting, not only the restora- 
 tion of the English Monarch, but the exact 
 date, May 29, 1660, of his return to England, 
 and that some time before it actually happened. 
 Charles, in consequence, had the firmest belief 
 in the wise man's auguries, and he despatched 
 Montagu on an errand to ask his advice and 
 predictions on some subject of political im- 
 portance. The Envoy-extraordinary sounded 
 the Necromancer, and finding the black art did 
 not blind its professor to self-interest, the 
 King's messenger offered the wise man a large 
 bribe to shape his predictions according to his
 
 77 
 
 (Montagu's) directions ; then, with an im- 
 prudence which was inconsistent with his 
 previous cunning, he went off to the Duchess 
 of Cleveland and confided his secret to her. 
 But Barbara was angry with her former 
 admirer, and jealous of his admiration for her 
 own daughter, and she resolved to be revenged. 
 Accordingly she wrote to the King and told 
 him the whole story. " Montagu," she says, 
 " has neither conscience nor honour ; he has 
 told me several times he despises you in his 
 heart, and that he wishes the Parliament 
 would send you and your brother to travel, for 
 you are a dull, ungovernable fool, and he is a 
 wilful fool." This version of the story is taken 
 from Algernon Sidney's correspondence. 
 
 In consequence of this letter Montagu was 
 recalled, and found himself but coldly received 
 at Court, and all hopes of a place under Govern- 
 ment were at an end. The ex-Plenipotentiary 
 now threw himself into all manner of contend- 
 ing intrigues of a political nature. He was 
 accused of receiving a large bribe from 
 Louis XIV. to compass the impeachment and 
 ruin of Lord Danby (Treasurer) who was very
 
 78 
 
 obnoxious to the French Government, and an 
 enemy to the Roman Catholics ; yet at the same 
 time he took a prominent position in the 
 popular party. He was said to have been 
 instrumental in bringing over Louise de la 
 Querouaille, afterwards Duchess of Portsmouth, 
 and to have endeavoured to persuade her to 
 use her influence with the King to exclude his 
 brother from the succession. Finally his vote 
 for the exclusion bill rendered him so obnoxious 
 at Court, that he thought it best to depart 
 once more to Paris with his wife and children. 
 Hence he was summoned by a sad catastrophe, 
 he had lent his magnificent house in Blooms- 
 bury to the Earl of Devonshire, whose servant, 
 in airing one of the rooms, set fire to it, and 
 the " noble mansion " was burned to the ground. 
 The conflagration was witnessed by Lady 
 Rachel Russell, who says : "I heard a great 
 noise in the square, and sent a servant to know 
 what it was, and they brought me word 
 Montagu House was in flames. My boy 
 awaked and said he was nearly stifled, but 
 being told the cause, would see it, and so was 
 satisfied, and accepted a strange bed-fellow,
 
 79 
 
 for the nurse brought Lady Devonshire's 
 youngest boy, wrapped up in a blanket." The 
 loss Avas computed at £30,000 ; but Montagu 
 rebuilt it on a more magnificent scale. Collins 
 says : " It is not exceeded in London." 
 
 Under William III. Montagu's star was once 
 more in the ascendant ; he being one of the 
 Lords who invited over the Prince of Orange. 
 In 1689 he was created Viscount Monthermer 
 and Earl of Montagu, and attended their 
 Majesties' coronation in his new dignity. In 
 1690, while engaged in beautifying and laying 
 out Boughton, his excellent wife, who called 
 herself Countess Montagu, died, but he soon 
 gave her a successor. The new made Earl was 
 not content with his coronet, and coveted the 
 " strawberry leaves." He applied to the King 
 for a dukedom, mentioning among many other 
 cogent reasons: " I am now below the younger 
 branches of my family, my Lord Manchester 
 and my Lord Sandwich ; " also that he had 
 taken to his second wife, the daughter of the 
 Duke of Newcastle ; and above all that he had 
 been first and last to advocate the cause of 
 William. " I hope it will not be to my dis-
 
 80 
 
 advantage that I am alive, and ready to do so 
 again, instead of having lost my head with 
 Lord William Russell." The King refused the 
 dukedom, hut showed Lord Montagu much 
 favour, and was his visitor at Boughton, in 
 Northamptonshire where the Court was 
 sumptuously entertained. 
 
 Collins says : "My Lord was content with his 
 fortune, and would accept no office save the 
 one he had bought." Of this he had been 
 unlawfully deprived by James II., who bestowed 
 it on Lord Preston. My Lord Montagu thought 
 himself bound in honour to bring Preston to 
 account, and when the office was restored to 
 him and considerable damages awarded, he was 
 so considerate of Lord Preston's ill circum- 
 stances that he generously forgave him not 
 only the damages, but the costs of the suit 
 
 Queen Anne bestowed upon him the coveted 
 dukedom ; in the fourth year of her reign she 
 created him Marquis of Monthermer, and Duke 
 of Montagu. His first wife died in 1690 ; 
 when he lost no time in soliciting the hand of 
 the relict of Christopher Monk, second Duke 
 of Albemarle, and daughter and sole heiress of
 
 81 
 
 Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. He 
 does not appear to have been so disinterested 
 in his views where money w y as concerned as 
 Collins would have us believe ; since this lady, 
 in spite of her enormous wealth, was a con- 
 firmed lunatic, and an obstacle to their union 
 existed in the fact that she had announced her 
 resolution of wedding no one but a sovereign. 
 Montagu was accordingly presented to her as 
 the Emperor of China, and after a short period 
 of eccentric w r ooing they were married. Until 
 her death the poor maniac was addressed as 
 Empress of China, and served on the bended 
 knee. Lord Ross wished to marry her, and 
 when the Duke prevailed in his suit wrote the 
 following lines : — 
 
 " Insulting Rival, never boast 
 
 Thy conquest lately won ; 
 No wonder if her heart was lost, 
 
 Her senses first were gone. 
 From one that's under Bedlam's laws 
 
 What glory can be had 1 
 For love indeed was not the cause, 
 
 It proves that she was mad."
 
 82 
 
 She survived her husband twenty-six years, 
 and died at Newcastle House in Clerkenwell, 
 being interred in Westminster Abbey, as 
 became her Imperial dignity. 
 
 Ralph, Duke of Montagu was, as his picture 
 shows, of a middle height, inclining to fat, and 
 of a dark complexion. He was a man of 
 pleasure, and self-indulgence, but of refined 
 taste in architecture, and his gardens at 
 Bou^hton were world famed. On one occasion 
 he was showing them to the Duke of 
 Marlborough, who said he believed the water- 
 works were the finest in the world. " They are 
 not to be compared," replied the courteous host, 
 " to your Grace's fireworks." St. Evremond, 
 who was a constant visitor at Boughton and in 
 London, and who met the Duke frequently at 
 the Duchesse de Mazarin's little salon in 
 Chelsea, was a pensioner on his bounty, and is 
 never tired of extolling his hospitality and 
 generosity, also the charms of the Saturday 
 and Wednesday receptions, at Montagu House. 
 
 " On admire avec raison 
 Votre superbe maison, 
 A tons etrangers ouverte :
 
 Les jets d'eau de Bougliton, 
 Les meubles de Ditton, etc." 
 
 He says the cascade at Bougliton, though 
 smaller than the one at Versailles, is more 
 beautiful. The old gourmet is never tired of 
 praising the good living and extolling the 
 comestibles that the Duke had sent him, and 
 he says: "J'ai ete" a Bougliton voir milord, la 
 bonne compagnie, l'erudition, les perdreaux, 
 les truffes ;" in fact all that had charms for 
 him in the absence of the Duchesse de Mazarin 
 herself, to whom he writes. The two men met 
 frequently at the house of the beautiful 
 Hortense, one of whose most fervent admirers 
 was the Duke of Montagu. To her he was 
 most generous, for in one of her letters she 
 says that if Montagu discovered you liked or 
 admired a thing, you need take no more 
 thought about it : " ' Quelque depense qu'il 
 faille faire, quelque soin, quelque peine qu'il 
 faut employer pour 1' avoir, la chose ne vous 
 manquera pas.' Ce sont les propres paroles de la 
 feue Duchesse de Mazarin." But it seems 
 that there was some interruption in their 
 intimacy, for in one of Algernon Sidney's
 
 84 
 
 letters there is this passage : " Montagu goes 
 no more to the Duchesse de Mazarin ; whether 
 his love or his politics proved too pressing, I 
 know not, but the town says he is forbid the 
 house." 
 
 His Grace departed this life on the 9th of 
 March, 1708, at Montagu House in Bloomsbury, 
 afterwards the British Museum. 
 
 Anne, Viscountess Hinchiugbrook : 
 
 By MRS. BEALE. 
 Three-quauter Length. 
 
 (Seated. Light Auburn Hair, Dove-coloured Dress. Pearl 
 Ornaments. Holding a Flower in the Left Hand.) 
 
 Lady Anne Boyle was the fourth daughter 
 of Richard, second Earl of Cork and first Earl 
 of Burlington, by Lady Elizabeth Clifford, only 
 daughter and heiress of the fifth Earl of 
 Cumberland. In 1007 she married Viscount 
 Hinchingbrook, oldest son of the first Earl of
 
 85 
 
 Sandwich, by whom she had two sons and one 
 daughter. Pepys seemed well contented with 
 the marriage for his patron's son, though he is 
 dissatisfied at not having a favour sent him, 
 and Lady Sandwich was so much pleased with 
 her new daughter-in-law as apparently to be 
 consoled for her first born having lost the 
 chance of marrying the great heiress, Mistress 
 Mallet. 
 
 The first time Pepys saw her at Lord Crewe's 
 he saluted her and invited her to his house ; 
 he thought her mighty pleasant and good 
 humoured, but neither did he count her a 
 beauty or ugly, but a comely lady ; and when 
 she accepted his hospitality next day he found 
 her " a sweet natured and well disposed lady, 
 a lover of books and pictures, and of good 
 understanding ; ' ' and he goes on to visit her 
 and her lord afterwards at Burlington House 
 next to Clarendon House, which he was glad 
 to see for the first time. 
 
 Lady Hinchingbrook and her sister Henrietta, 
 Countess of Rochester, were undoubtedly 
 shining lights of modesty, and domestic virtue 
 in this profligate age.
 
 86 
 
 She was buried in the family vault at 
 Barnwell, where a touching inscription records 
 her many virtues, and the regret her death 
 occasioned. 
 
 Elizabeth Popham, Viscountess 
 Hinchingbrook : 
 
 By HIGHMORE. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In an Orange Gown, Lace Tippet and Ruffles. Holding a 
 Fan. A Blue Hood tied under the Chin.) 
 
 The Honourable Mary Montagu 
 By whood. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (As a Child : in a Rich Crimson Dress, embroidered with 
 Silver. White Apron, Lace Cuffs, and Stomacher. 
 Holding a Basket of Cherries, with which she is Feed- 
 ing a Parrot).
 
 87 
 
 The eldest daughter of Edward Richard, 
 Viscount Hinchingbrook, by Elizabeth Popham. 
 Died in childhood. 
 
 Louisa, Sixth Countess of Sandwich : 
 
 By SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (In a White Dress with Brown Drapery. Leaning on an 
 Anchor.) 
 
 Born, 1781. Died, 1862. The only daughter 
 of Armar Corry, first Earl of Belmore, by 
 Harriet, eldest daughter and co-heiress of the 
 second Earl of Buckinghamshire. Married in 
 1804, George, Earl of Sandwich, who died at 
 Rome ; by whom she had John William, seventh 
 Earl; Harriet, Lady Ashburton, and Caroline, 
 Comtesse Walewska.
 
 Pendant to the First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By VAN ZOORST. 
 
 Portrait of a Youth in Black. Unknown. 
 (Brown Hair and Eyes. Small Moustache.) 
 
 Edward, First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By VAN ZOORST. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Purple Vest, Broad Belt, Buckle on Shoulder.) 
 
 Elizabeth, Countess of Sandwich ; 
 
 By WISSING. 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Loose Dress. Blue Scarf. Seated on a Bank, putting a 
 Wreath of Flowers round the Neck of a Lamb.)
 
 89 
 
 The Honourable Edward Montagu 
 
 By HOGARTH. 
 
 Small Half-LexNtgth. 
 
 (A Fair Boy in Crimson Coat and "Waistcoat, and Frilled 
 Shirt.) 
 
 The fourth son of John, fourth Earl of 
 Sandwich. Born, 1745. Died, 1752. Buried 
 at Barnwell. 
 
 The Honourable Elisabeth Montagu 
 By whood. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Seated, with her Hand on the Neck of a Lamb.) 
 The second daughter of Edward, Viscount 
 Hinchingbrook, by Elizabeth Popham. Married 
 first to Reginald Courtenay, second son of Sir
 
 90 
 
 William Courtenay, of Powderkam Castle, 
 Devon, by whom she had one son, Charles, 
 (killed at the battle of Dettingen), and two 
 daughters, co-heiresses : Isabella, wife of William 
 Poyntz, Esq., of Midgham, Berks; and Anne, 
 married to the Earl of Cork and Orrery. Mr. 
 Courtenay died in 1745, and his widow 
 re-married in 1759, William Smith, comedian, 
 better known as "Gentleman Smith." They 
 lived together at Leiston, near Saxmundham, 
 an estate bequeathed to her by her grandmother. 
 Lady Anne Harvey, where she died. Mr. 
 Smith survived her 57 years. There is a 
 portrait of him by Hoppner, in the National 
 Portrait Gallery. Her brother was very much 
 averse to her marriage with the actor, but the 
 correspondence seems to show they lived 
 happily.
 
 DRAWING ROOM.
 
 92 
 
 The Duchesse de Berri 
 By rigaud. 
 
 Half-Length : Oval. 
 
 (Hair Dressed High. White and Gold Boddice. Blue 
 Velvet Mantle, lined with Ermine.) 
 
 Born, 1694. Died, 1719. Marie Louise, 
 daughter of Philip, second Duke of Orleans, 
 afterwards Regent, by Mademoiselle de Blois, 
 daughter of Louis XIV. and Madame de 
 Montespan. This marriage, which had been 
 determined on by the King, was not only 
 strongly opposed A by the Duchess of Orleans, his 
 mother, but Philip himself, then Due de 
 Chartres, was repugnant to the mesalliance. 
 He was at length overruled by the commands 
 of his father, and the King his uncle, and pro- 
 ceeded to break the announcement of his 
 engagement to the proud German Princess his 
 mother, who congratulated the fiance with 
 a blow. One son and five daughters were 
 born to Philip, the second of whom, Marie
 
 93 
 
 Louise, married in 1710 the Due de Berri, 
 third son to the Dauphin, and consequently 
 grandson to Louis XIV. He was a handsome 
 Prince, full of endearing and sterling qualities, 
 but his education had been shamefully neglected, 
 and on this point he was most sensitive. It 
 made him shy of society, and fearful of speak- 
 ing in public, and on one occasion he was 
 subjected to terrible mortification. At the 
 general Treaty of Peace, when it was settled 
 that the crowns of Prance and Spain should 
 never devolve on the same person, the Dukes 
 of Orleans and Berri proceeded to the Parlia- 
 ment House to attend to some necessary 
 formalities, on the occasion of the death of the 
 Due de Bourgogne, and the Due de Berri found 
 himself compelled to speak. After stammering 
 and stuttering for some time he entirely broke 
 down, and retired in confusion. Relating the 
 circumstance to a friend, he was said to have 
 shed tears of mortification, bitterly complaining 
 at the same time of the manner in which his 
 education had been neglected for the express 
 purpose of keeping him in the background. 
 " J'avois," said he, "autant de disposition [for
 
 94 
 
 learning] que les autres; on ne m'apprit qu'a, 
 chasser, on n'a cherche qu'a m'abattre." In 
 spite of these disadvantages the Due de Berri 
 was very popular, and is said to have won all 
 hearts, save that of the ill-conditioned Princess 
 whose outward charms had subjugated him. 
 Even at an early age Marie Louise d' Orleans 
 laid herself open to the tongue of scandal, and 
 had been censured for habits of intemperance. 
 On finding there was a chance of making a 
 brilliant marriage she changed her whole line 
 of conduct, and persuaded every one, including 
 the wary Madame de Maintenon, that she was 
 a reformed character. But no sooner was the 
 marriage consummated than the young Duchess 
 threw off the mask, and returned to all her 
 evil ways. In nowise touched by the kindness 
 and devotion of her husband, she thwarted him 
 on every occasion, and delighted to turn him 
 into ridicule, which was easy in the case of one 
 so diffident and sensitive. But even his for- 
 bearance had a limit ; her conduct disgraced 
 them both, and one day, maddened by jealousy 
 and the insolence of his wife's Chamberlain, he 
 sought the advice of his trusty friend, the Due 
 de St. Simon.
 
 95 
 
 St. Simon spoke strongly on the subject, 
 ursine the Due de Berri to seek redress from 
 the King, and strengthening his counsel by- 
 producing a correspondence that had fallen into 
 his hands, between the Duchess and the afore- 
 said chamberlain. These letters left no doubt 
 of their guilt : in one of them the lady proposed 
 to elope, but her lover refused on the plea that 
 the step would not be conducive to his advance- 
 ment in life. The Due de Berri, in conformity 
 with his friend's advice and his own convictions, 
 determined to carry the correspondence to 
 Eambouillet where Louis XIV. was then 
 staying; but unfortunately his movements were 
 not sufficiently prompt. The Duchess discovered 
 that her husband and the Due de St. Simon had 
 been closeted together for some time over some 
 animated and highly confidential business; it 
 was not difficult to guess the subject, and no 
 sooner had the Due de Berri started, than she 
 leaped into her coach, and pursuing him with 
 all haste, broke into the Royal presence just in 
 time to find the King examining the contents 
 of the fatal correspondence. A scene of dis- 
 graceful violence and altercation ensued, and
 
 96 
 
 so exasperating and shameless was the language 
 of the Duchess, that the hitherto indulgent and 
 forbearing husband raised his heavy riding boot 
 and with one kick sent his wife spinning into 
 the arms of Madame de Maintenon. The King, 
 whose dignity was outraged on all sides, lifted 
 his cane to strike the unhappy Prince, but he 
 had already withdrawn, full of shame at the 
 violence into which he had been betrayed. As 
 for the Duchess, no sooner had she recovered 
 from the shock, than without a word to her 
 sovereign, or Madame de Maintenon, she left 
 the room in a paroxysm of rage. "It is true," 
 she said afterwards to one of her ladies, " that 
 I have sustained no bodily injury, but the mark 
 will ever remain here," placing her hand upon 
 what, by courtesy, she called her heart. It 
 undoubtedly remained in her memory ; the 
 Duke apologised, and she pretended to be 
 appeased ; a reconciliation was patched up, and 
 at a wolf hunt held by the King in the Eorest 
 of Marly, the Due de Berri, who was passionately 
 fond of the sport, rode hard and well. He was 
 suffering from intense thirst when he fell in 
 witli his wife's coach, and riding up asked
 
 97 
 
 anxiously if she could supply him with a 
 draught of any kind. The Duchess smiled 
 benignly, and drew from the pocket of the 
 carriage a beautiful little case containing a 
 bottle in which she said she always carried 
 some excellent Hatafia in the event of over- 
 fatigue. The unsuspecting man raised it to 
 his lips and drained the last drop with many 
 expressions of gratitude. The Duchess smiled 
 again : " It is fortunate we met," she said ; and 
 the heavy coach rolled on. In a few hours the 
 Duke was taken ill, and after four days of 
 suffering he expired on May 4th, 1714, at the 
 early age of 28. As in the case of Madame 
 no one doubted the existence of poison, and at 
 first, public opinion was so violent against the 
 Duke of Orleans that he had a narrow escape of 
 his life from the fury of the mob, at the funeral 
 of his son-in-law. Later evidence, however, 
 seemed but too strong against the guilty wife, 
 although the matter was gradually hushed up, 
 as in those days the art of poisoning had become 
 a fashionable pastime. The Duchess did not 
 long survive her victim ; she gave herself up 
 to excesses of ail kinds, and concluded her ill- 
 spent life of 24 years in 1719.
 
 98 
 
 In some letters of " Madame, veuve de 
 Monsieur," the first Duke of Orleans, tlie 
 Princess of Bavaria to whom allusion has already- 
 been made, we are told that the Duchesse de 
 Berri at the time of her death was undoubtedly 
 married clandestinely to Captain de Bious, 
 whose portrait Madame paints in the most 
 unflattering terms as remarkable for his ugliness, 
 in spite of which he was a great favourite with 
 the ladies. He was absent on duty with the 
 regiment the Duchess had bought for him at 
 the time of her death. Madame goes on to say : 
 "Pour se tirer de l'embarras que pouvoit lui 
 donner une oraison funebre, on a pris le parti 
 de n'en point faire du tout." Apparently a 
 prudent decision. The same authority states 
 that the Duchesse de Berri had grown very 
 large and florid, (and that she often jested on 
 the change in her own appearance), which would 
 account for her looking twice her real age in 
 this picture. 
 
 'o
 
 99 
 
 Elizabeth, Countess of Sandwich 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (White Deshabille with Coloured Scarf. Hair en Neglige.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1757. She was the second 
 
 daughter of John, Earl of Rochester, by 
 Elizabeth Mallet. She married Edward, third 
 Earl of Sandwich, in 1691, As we have 
 mentioned in the short notice of his life, the 
 marriage was very unhappy, and Lady 
 Sandwich's conduct in every respect most 
 reprehensible, in spite of her numerous 
 panegyrists. She was a brilliant member of 
 society, and we are told that at the early age 
 of ten years, she already showed a great taste 
 for reading, and had begun to cultivate several 
 foreign languages. She spoke Erench, Italian 
 and Spanish ; Montaigne was one of her 
 favourite authors. She danced and sang, and 
 played on several instruments, and though 
 learned was in no wise pedantic. Neither did
 
 100 
 
 she waste so much time on dress, as was usual 
 with ladies of her time. Lady Sandwich went 
 to Paris not very long after her marriage, and 
 St. Evremond, whose admiration she appears to 
 have shared with the Duchesse de Mazarin 
 and Ninon de l'Enclos, thus speaks of her in a 
 letter (without date) to the latter : " Le 
 Docteur Morelli, mon ami particulier, 
 accompagne Madame la Comtesse de Sandwich 
 qui va en Prance pour sa sante\ Eeu Monsieur 
 le Comte de Rochester, Pere de Madame 
 Sandwich, avoit plus d'esprit qu'homme en 
 Angleterre. Madame de Sandwich en a plus que 
 n' avoit Monsieur son pere ; aussi genereuse 
 que spirituelle, aussi aimable que spirituelle et 
 genereuse. Voila une partie de ses quality. " 
 According to St. Evremond' s implied wishes, 
 his two friends formed a close intimacy, and 
 Lady Sandwich at Paris seems to have merited 
 Ninon's report of her when she says: " J'ignore 
 les manieres Anglaises, mais elle a ete tres 
 francaise." It must have been during this 
 first visit to Paris that Lady Sandwich made 
 the acquaintance of the Erench celebrities 
 whose portraits now adorn the Drawing-room
 
 101 
 
 at Hinchingbrook, as on her return to the 
 French metropolis in '1729 they were all dead. 
 Mademoiselle de JTEnclos is never tired of 
 praising her English friend ; in a letter dated 
 August, 1698, she says to St. Evremond : 
 " Madame Sandwich m'a donne mille plaisirs, 
 par le bonheur que j'ai eu de lui plaire ; je ne 
 croyois pas sur mon d^clin, pouvoir etre propre 
 a une^femme de son age. Elle a plus d' esprit 
 que toutes les femmes de Erance, et plus de 
 veritable merite. Elle nous quitte ; c'est un 
 regret pour tous qui la connoissent, et pour moi 
 particulierement. Si vous aviez ete ici nous 
 aurions faits des repas dignes du temps du passe. 
 Vous allez revoir Madame Sandwich, que nous 
 voyons partir avec beaucoup de regret." Again 
 in July, 1699: "Vous allez voir Madame 
 Sandwich, mais je crains qu'elle n'aille a la 
 campagne; elle sait tout ce que vous pensez 
 d'elle; elle vous dira plus de nouvelles de ce 
 pays ci que moi. Elle a tout approfondi et tout 
 peinHre : elle connoit parfaitement tout ce que 
 je hante, et a trouve" le moyen de n'etre pas 
 e^trangere ici." In the lengthened corres- 
 pondence between Mademoiselle de l'Enclos and
 
 102 
 
 her faithful Abbe\ she constantly reverts to the 
 English lady after her departure from Paris : 
 "Madame Sandwich conservera 1' esprit en 
 perdant la jeunesse. Paites la souvenir de moi ; 
 je serois bien fachee d'en etre oubli^e ; " while 
 St. Evremond on his part tells her : " Tout le 
 monde connoit l'esprit de Madame la Comtesse ; 
 je vois son bon gout par l'estime extraordinaire 
 qu'elle a pour vous. Elle est admiree a Londres 
 comme elle fut a Paris." 
 
 There is a long tedious poem from the same 
 pen, describing the presents (comestibles) which 
 Lady Sandwich had sent the Duchesse de 
 Mazarin, with whom she had become very 
 intimate : " Des moutons et des lapins de Bath." 
 He speaks of Morelli as friend and physician of 
 all three: 
 
 "Sandwich et Mazarin que le Ciel vous unisse, 
 Et que cette union de cent ans ne finisse." 
 
 He alludes to meeting her often in society, 
 more especially at Boughton, the beautiful 
 country house of Lord (afterwards Duke of) 
 Montagu. " Jamais personne n'a mieux me>ite 
 d'etre recue magnifiquement, et galamment 
 rcgalce, que Madame Sandwich ; jamais homme
 
 103 
 
 ne fut plus propre pour la bien recevoir que my 
 Lord Montagu. J'espere que la cascade 
 l'octagone, les jets d'eau, etc., auront fait oublier 
 la Erance a Madame Sandwich, et comme my 
 Lord est assez heureux pour inspirer son gout 
 et ses desseins sur les batiments et les jardins, je 
 ne doute point qu'elle n'entreprenne bientot 
 quelque nouvel ouvrage a Hinchinbrooke. On 
 ne sauroit etre plus sensible que je le suis a 
 l'honneur de son souvenir. II ne manquoit 
 rien pour combler mon d^plaisir de n' avoir pas 
 vu Boughton et le maitre du lieu, que de ne 
 point voir Hinehinbrooke et sa maitresse, qui est 
 le plus grand ornement de tous les lieux oii elle 
 se trouve." He writes to Ninon to tell her of a 
 wager he had with Lady Sandwich, respecting 
 their eating powers at a dinner at Lord Jersey's : 
 " Je ne fut pas vaincu," boasts the epicure, "ni 
 sur les louanges ni sur l'appetit." 
 
 At Bath she evidently was the head of a 
 coterie ; and Pope writes : "I am beginning an 
 acquaintance with Lady Sandwich, who has all 
 the spirit of the past age, and the gay experience 
 of a pleasurable life. It were as scandalous an 
 omission to come to the Bath, and not to see my
 
 104 
 
 Lady Sandwich, as it had been to have travelled 
 to Home, and not to have seen the Queen of 
 Sweden. It is, in a word, the best thing the 
 country has to boast of, and as she has been all 
 that a woman of spirit could be, so she still 
 continues that easy and independent creature, 
 that a sensible woman always will be." Such 
 is Pope's standard of female excellence! In 
 another letter to his friend, Charles Boyle, Earl 
 of Orrery, he says: "This lady is both an 
 honour, and a disgrace to her native country. 
 She resided in Prance for some time ; but it is a 
 melancholy reflection that we have either 
 nothing in England, valuable enough to make 
 her prefer her own country to another, or that 
 we will not suffer such a person to reside 
 quietly among us." 
 
 In 1729, on the death of her ill-fated 
 husband, the object of so much praise and 
 admiration, returned to the more genial 
 atmosphere of Paris, for the remainder of her 
 life. 
 
 In June 1751, Lord Chesterfield writes to 
 his son, then at Paris, as follows: "A propos of 
 beaux esprits, have you les entrees at Lady
 
 105 
 
 Sandwich's, who, old as she was, when I saw 
 her last, had the strongest parts of any woman 
 I ever knew in my life. If you are not 
 acquainted with her, the Duchesse d'Aiguillon 
 or Lady Hervey can, and I daresay will, 
 introduce you. I assure you it is worth while 
 both on her own account, and for the sake of 
 people of wit and learning, who frequent her 
 salon. In such companies there is always 
 something to he learned as well as manners ; 
 the conversation turns on s0m.eth.in2; above 
 trifles ; some point of literature, customs, 
 history, etc., is discussed with ingenuity and 
 good manners ; for I must do the French 
 people of learning justice ; they are not bears 
 as most of ours are, but gentlemen." 
 
 Lady Sandwich died at Paris, at her house in 
 the Rue Vaugirard, July 1, 1757, in the Faubourg 
 St. Germains. In a letter of Horace Walpole's, 
 to John Chute, Esq., the same year, he says : 
 " Old Lady Sandwich is dead at Paris, and my 
 Lord (her grandson) has given me her picture 
 of Ninon de l'Enclos in the prettiest manner 
 in the world. If ever he should intermeddle 
 in an election in Hampshire, I beg you will
 
 106 
 
 serve him to the utmost of your power. I fear 
 I must wait for the picture." At Lady 
 Sandwich's death in Paris, although she had 
 taken every precaution to prevent such a 
 casualty, there arose a great difficulty in 
 securing the property to her grandson and heir. 
 The French officers rushed in, put seals on 
 everything, and claimed le " mohilier, les 
 tableaux, etc., par le droit d'aubaine." Lord 
 Sandwich sent over his solicitor, who had a 
 roughish time of it, with these "harpies." He 
 appealed to the Duchesse d'Aiguillon and other 
 illustrious friends of the deceased countess, 
 who promised him every assistance, and as he 
 discovered afterwards, were working against 
 him all the time. But the good lawyer was 
 triumphant in the end and wrote to his noble 
 client that everything was safe, including the 
 pictures, and he especially notes that of Ninon 
 de l'Enclos, "which is very valuable," he says, 
 " and innumerable offers have been made for 
 it, here." But it was reserved for Horace 
 Walpole's Gallery, and some letters passed 
 on the subject, for although Horace could 
 express his opinion of Lord Sandwich in no
 
 107 
 
 flattering terms, he did not object to receive 
 a present at his hands ; and he offers in return 
 (later) a copy of the memoirs of the Comte de 
 Grammont, printed at his own press at 
 Strawberry Hill, which contains an engraving 
 of the afore-mentioned portrait of Mademoiselle 
 de l'Enclos, Lord Sandwich's letters on the 
 subject are in his most jocose style. 
 
 Ninon de VEnclos. 
 
 By PIERRE MIGNARD. 
 
 (Oval. Crimson and Orange Dress.) 
 
 Born at Paris, 1615. Died, 1705.— The early 
 education of Anne de l'Enclos was not 
 calculated to lead to favourable results. The 
 characters of her parents were strangely 
 opposed to each other, and remarkable for 
 violent extremes. "M. de l'Enclos, duelliste, 
 musicien, homme de plaisir, gentilhomme ; 
 Madame de l'Enclos, sewere, exacte." The
 
 108 
 
 mother's wish was to immure her daughter 
 in a convent, a project which the father 
 strenuously opposed. But by the time the 
 girl had attained her fifteenth year she was 
 left an orphan, at liberty to follow her own 
 devices. Scepticism and Epicureanism were 
 very prevalent at this epoch, and of these 
 schools Ninon became a too willing disciple. 
 She soon became the centre of attraction ; her 
 conquests were legion. Voltaire said: "There 
 will be soon as many histories of Ninon as 
 there are of Louis XIV." Voltaire was only 
 thirteen years old when he was first presented 
 to Mademoiselle de l'Enclos, who was much 
 struck with him, and evidently detected some 
 promise of his future greatness. At her death 
 she bequeathed him 2000 francs to buy books. 
 She was a strange mixture of self-indulgence 
 and self-restraint : at one time her conduct was 
 so outrageous in its immorality as to scandalize 
 even the Court of the Great Monarch, and it 
 was reported that she was advised to emigrate, 
 "Mais elle ne partit point," says St. Beuve ; 
 "elle continua la mome vie, en baissant legcre- 
 ment le ton." Later on, he says : "Ellerangea
 
 109 
 
 sa vie et la reduisit petit a petit, sur le pied 
 honorable, ou on la vit finir." St. Simon "le 
 severe," says: "Ninon etit des amis illustres de 
 toutes les sortes, et elle les conserva tous. Tout 
 se conduisit chez elle, avec un respect et une 
 decence extreme — jamais ni jeu, ni ris eleves, 
 ni dispute ; sa conversation etait cliarmante, 
 desinteressee, fidele, secrete au dernier point." 
 She was temperate in eating and drinking, and 
 would never suffer drunkards at her table; 
 indeed in her youth, she appears to have drunk 
 no wine, though occasionally in some of her 
 later letters to St. Evremond, she discourses 
 somewhat enthusiastically on a subject so near 
 to her correspondent's heart, and speaking of 
 her advanced age she says : " L'appetit est 
 quelque chose dont je jouis encore." St. Beuve 
 tells us : "Qu'elle renechissait dans un age, et 
 dans un train de vie, ou a peine les autres sont 
 capables de penser, et elle, qui resta si longtemps 
 jeune par 1' esprit, se trouva mure par la aussi 
 avant l'age." La Eorce says: "Je n'ai pas 
 connu cette Ninon dans sa beauts, mais a l'age 
 de cinquante et de soixante [the report ran 
 until past 80] elle a eu des amants qui l'ont
 
 110 
 
 fort aime, et les plus honnetes gens de France 
 pour amis." Her salon was the most brilliant 
 in Paris ; parents schemed that their children's 
 debut in the world should be made under 
 Ninon's auspices, and Madame de Coulanges 
 observes : " Les femmes courent apres elle 
 aujourd'hui, comme d'autres gens y couraient 
 autrefois. ' ' Even the straight-laced Madame de 
 Maintenon, in speaking of her brother, writes 
 to her thus: "Continuez, Mademoiselle, a 
 donner de bons conseils a, M. d'Aubigne : il a 
 bien besoin des lecons de Leontium ; [this was 
 Ninon's nickname, so called from the favourite 
 disciple of Epicurus] les avis d'une amie 
 aimable persuadent toujours plus que les conseils 
 d'une sceur severe." Tallemant says that her 
 beauty was never very remarkable : " Son esprit 
 etoit plus charmant que son visage — des qu'elle 
 parloit, on etait pi is et ravi." She sang, and 
 played on the lute. " ' La sensibilite,' dit elle, ' est 
 l'ame du chant' " Her portrait is drawn by 
 Mademoiselle de Scudery in her novel of 
 "Clclie." "Elle parle volontiers; elle rit 
 aiscment, elle aime a faire une innocente guerre 
 a ses amis. Les cheveux d'un beau chatain, le
 
 Ill 
 
 visage rond, le teint vif, la bouclie agreable, les 
 levres fort incarnates, une petite fosse au 
 menton, les yeux noirs, brillants, pleins de feu, 
 souriants, et la physionomie fine, enjouee, et 
 fort spirituelle." It can scarcely be denied 
 that this description entitles to beauty, and so 
 indeed do the portraits at Hinchingbrook and 
 Althorp, though she was apparently at an 
 advanced age when the latter was painted. 
 " On a dit d'elle, qua la table elle etoit ivre des 
 la soupe ! ivre de bonne humeur, et de saillies;" 
 for as we have seen before, she was always 
 temperate. Her letters to St. Evremond when 
 they were both old, are most characteristic. 
 They occasionally lament together over their 
 age, but appear to have had many gleams of 
 consolation. From the highest and truest of 
 all comfort, they seem to have cut themselves 
 off ; and yet, in Ninon's touching and eloquent 
 letter to her correspondent, on the occasion of 
 the death of the Duchesse de Mazarin, his 
 dearest friend, there is this passage: "Si on 
 pouvoit penser comme Madame de Chevreuse, 
 qui croyoit en mourant, qu'elle alloit causer 
 avec tous ses amis en 1' autre monde, il seroit
 
 112 
 
 doux de le penser." In another letter to the 
 same, she says : " Nous allons meriter la louange 
 de la posterite, pour la duree de nos vies, et celle 
 de l'amitie ; je crois que je vivrai autant que 
 vous. Adieu Monsieur ; pourquoi n'est ce pas 
 un bon jour?" This was something like a 
 prophecy, as they died within two years of each 
 other, one having completed, the other within a 
 few months of, ninety years of age. In 
 speaking of her reception of a friend, whom 
 St. Evremond had recommended to her notice, 
 she says : " J'ai lu (devant lui) votre lettre avec 
 des lunettes, mais elles ne me sieyent pas mal; 
 j'ai toujours eu la mine grave." Again: 
 "Toutlemonde me dit, que j'ai moins a, me 
 plaindre du temps qu'une autre; de quelque 
 sorte que cela soit, qui m'aurait propose une 
 telle vie, je me serois pendue." In spite of 
 which, her letters are invariably cheerful. St. 
 Evremond says, in very nearly the same strain 
 as he writes to his other frequent correspondent 
 the Duchess of Mazarin : " La nature commence 
 a faire voir par vous, qu'il est possible de ne 
 point vieillir. Vous etes de tous les pays, aussi 
 estimee a Londres qu'a Paris : vous etes de tous
 
 113 
 
 les temps, vous etes la maitresse du present et 
 du passe." Ninon died at her house at Paris 
 about five o'clock in the evening, having 
 outlived her ninetieth birthday by five months. 
 
 Note. — The Abbe Charles de St. Evremond, to whom we 
 are indebted for so much information relating to Ninon de 
 l'Enclos, and the Duchesse de Mazarin, was (originally) a 
 soldier, an author, and a statesman — likewise a bon vivant, 
 in all of which characters, he distinguished himself. He 
 was in great favour at one time with Cardinal Mazarin, but 
 having incurred that potentate's displeasure, he thought it 
 prudent to take refuge in England, where he remained till 
 his death, in 1703, having made friends with all the leading 
 men in that country, and being in great favour with the 
 ladies, for his agreeable conversation and delicate flattery. 
 
 Hortense Mancini, Duchesse de Mazarin 
 
 By MIGNARD. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Oval. Dark Hair and Eyes. Very loose Deshabille). 
 
 Born, 1646. Died, 1699. — The five nieces of 
 the Cardinal Mazarin were all remarkable for
 
 114 
 
 beauty and intelligence, and for lives full of 
 dramatic interest. Ninon de l'Enclos says : 
 " Toutes les nieces du Cardinal avaient un don 
 singulier d'attrait, et comme une magie : la 
 source des charmes est dans le sang Mazarin." 
 They were the daughters of Lorenzo Mancini, by 
 the Cardinal's beloved sister. Lorenzo was a 
 great astrologer, and had not only correctly 
 foretold his own death, and that of their only 
 son, but had also predicted that his widow 
 would not survive her fifty-second year. The 
 prophecy weighed on her inind, and perhaps 
 hastened the fulfilment. Her eldest daughter 
 Laura, Duchesse de Mercoeur, died in childbed, 
 it is supposed brokenhearted at her mother's 
 loss. Hortense Mancini, the fourth, and 
 apparently the favourite niece of the Cardinal, 
 was born at Eome in 1646, and on her arrival 
 in Paris, became the centre of attraction from 
 her surpassing beauty. After many negocia- 
 tions, the Cardinal bestowed her hand, and an 
 enormous fortune on the Due de Meilleraye, on 
 condition that he would assume the name of 
 Mazarin. No sooner was she betrothed, than 
 Hortense received at the hands of her uncle.
 
 115 
 
 who had hitherto been very niggardly towards 
 her, a splendid corbeille de noces, and a 
 large snrn in gold. She was so elated by this 
 sudden accession of fortune, that she sent for 
 her brother, and sisters, and encouraged them to 
 take what they pleased, and when this curious 
 trio had helped themselves, she took handfuls 
 of money, and flung them out to the lacqueys in 
 the court-yard beneath, and was much amused 
 by watching the scramble. The Cardinal, at 
 that time very near his end, was furious at this 
 wanton manner, of disposing of his bounty. 
 
 The marriage proved most unhappy; the 
 husband morose, jealous, exacting; the wife 
 beautiful, brilliant, wayward. In her later 
 correspondence with St. Evremond, she makes 
 many excuses for having left her husband, and 
 not returning to him, in spite of all his solicita- 
 tions and the action which he brought against 
 her, for separating herself from him. She fled 
 from his roof, in the disguise of a man, and by 
 all accounts not empty handed; "mais tous les 
 chemins menent a Paris," and on her return 
 there she received a pension from the King, 
 which, however, she did not consider sufficient
 
 116 
 
 to enable her to reside there. She accordingly 
 retired to Chamberi. But in the year 1675 she 
 went to England in the train of Mary of 
 Modena, the youthful Duchess of York. The 
 real object of this journey is believed to have 
 been a mission, with which she was entrusted 
 by the numerous enemies of Mademoiselle de 
 Querouaille (afterwards Duchess of Portsmouth) 
 to destroy that favourite's influence by sup- 
 planting her, in the affections of Charles II. 
 Nor did such a result appear improbable, as 
 Hortense surpassed her rival, both in wit, and 
 beauty, and it was well known that the King 
 had already admired her so much, as to 
 entertain serious notions of making her his 
 wife. He gave her a most warm reception, and 
 settled a pension on her, the Duke of Mazarin 
 having already found means to possess himself 
 of the pittance, allowed her by Louis XIV. 
 But unfortunately for all these deep-laid 
 schemes, Hortense was so much enamoured of 
 the Prince de Monaco, then in England, as to 
 incur the King's anger, and cause him for a 
 while even to suspend her pension. 
 
 She never left England; persuasions, stra-
 
 117 
 
 tagerns, and menaces, all were useless to induce 
 her, to return to France. Her husband sent 
 over Madame de Rutz to try and bring her back 
 to him, or induce her to enter a convent, but she 
 says to St. Evremond: "La liberty ne coute 
 jamais trop chere a qui se delivre de la 
 tyrannic " She speaks of the alternative of 
 returning to the Duke's roof, or immuring 
 herself in a convent, as "deux extr^mites a 
 eviter, autant Tune que l'autre." Yet at one 
 time, on the occasion of a lover being killed in 
 a duel in Spain, she seems to have entertained 
 the notion of embracing the latter alternative ; 
 but the easy-going St. Evremond advised her 
 strongly against such a step, assuring her the 
 loss of a lover, might soon be repaired. Her 
 enemies in Erance, founded a scandal on the 
 discovery that she did not reside under the roof 
 of her Royal mistress, at Whitehall, " mais dans 
 un Pavilion tout pres du Chateau de St. James." 
 She also incurred blame in many quarters, for 
 not sharing Queen Mary's exile in 16S8 ; but 
 she excuses herself, by saying that if she did so, 
 not only would she place herself once more in 
 the power of her enemies, but that it was
 
 118 
 
 impossible for her to leave England. She was 
 deeply in debt; she scarcely dared leave the 
 house, for fear of being arrested. She makes a 
 most pitiful lament, (probably about the time of 
 the escape of James II. to Prance) over her 
 destitution, always to the same friend, and 
 confidant. "Nul bien de moi, nulle assistance 
 oil je suis, nulle esperance d'ailleurs." Yet she 
 received at different times, pensions from four 
 different monarchs, for William III. continued 
 her allowance. Be this as it may, she contrived 
 to amuse herself, in her house at Chelsea, where 
 St. Evremond was a constant visitor, in spite 
 of his complaints to Lady Anne Hervey, of the 
 occasional cold and discomfort. She assembled 
 round her bassette table, (for in later years she 
 was much addicted to play) a brilliant, aristo- 
 cratic, literary circle. She gave dinners too, 
 and the St. Evremond correspondence shows us, 
 that presents of meat, wine, and fruit, were as 
 common in those days, as baskets of game in 
 the nineteenth century. Her friends, Lady 
 Sandwich, and the Duke of Montagu in 
 particular, appear to have been very generous, 
 in such contributions, and both the Duchess, and
 
 119 
 
 St. Evremond, appreciated to their fullest extent, 
 the pleasures of eating, and drinking, although 
 the latter often expostulates with the 
 former against over-indulgence in stimu- 
 lants. He warns her against excess in white 
 wine, absynthe or usquebaugh, which are bad 
 for the lungs ; her heart, and her head, were 
 given her for better things. There seems every 
 reason to believe the learned man's precepts, 
 and example, were not always in unison. She 
 occasionally played too high, or too frequently 
 at bassette, to please him. He wrote a poetical 
 scene in which, playing with the handsome 
 "Madame Middleton," Hortense discusses with 
 her the comparative beauties of " Madame 
 Grafton, Madame Kildare, and Madame 
 Lichfield." In another letter, an answer no 
 doubt to some lamentations over her pecuniary 
 distresses, he says: "Demandez toujours de 
 l'argent ; s'il n'en vient point, c'est vous qui 
 avez sujet de vous plaindre." 
 
 She numbered amongst her friends and 
 acquaintance the habitues of her house at 
 Chelsea, many of the noblest names in England; 
 the Duke of Montagu, one of her warmest
 
 120 
 
 admirers ; Lord Godolphin, the Duke of St. 
 Albans, Mr. Villiers, etc. Most of these 
 gentlemen seem at a loss "oil passer leurs 
 soirees" when she is absent from London. 
 Lady Sandwich, a kindred spirit, Lady Anne 
 Montagu, and many other members of the 
 English aristocracy frequented her house. 
 This was again in accordance with the exhorta- 
 tions of her counsellor, for he writes soon after 
 her flitting to Chelsea: "Tout est triste a 
 Londres; il n'est pas de meme a Chelsea. 
 Montrez vous de temps en temps, ou laissez vous 
 voir a Chelsea." The picture that he draws of 
 her charms, although in the high-flown 
 language of the period, and of his nation, does 
 not appear over-done when we look at Mignard's 
 beautiful portrait, of this undoubtedly beautiful 
 woman. Her venerable adorer bids the young 
 beauties of England tremble, at the name of 
 Hortense ; he describes her white teeth, her 
 mouth a lovely opening flower, her pretty 
 dimples, her bright dark eyes, (which were 
 sometimes a source of great suffering to her), 
 and her luxuriant hair ; and in his description 
 he begs you not to let the modelling of her
 
 121 
 
 dainty ear, escape your notice. He also assures 
 her, that it is a pity to conceal her attractions 
 in splendid rohes, for that a simple deshabille 
 becomes her best. Surely she acted on this 
 hint, when she sate to Mignard. The titles of 
 Madame, or Duchesse, ought not to be given her 
 in speaking to, or of her : " Vous etes au dessus 
 des titres, et il me semble qu'on ote a votre 
 merite tout ce qu'on clonne a votre qualite." 
 She did not disdain to dine with St. Evremond, 
 but he was well aware how particular she was 
 in her tastes, and provided for her accordingly. 
 "Le mouton de "Windsor cede au mouton de 
 Bath, cest la decision de Iiortense ; Bath aara 
 done la preference. Si vous voulez du fruit, 
 apportez en ; le vin j'en ai de bon." In one of 
 her temporary absences, at Bath, or elsewhere, 
 he went to Chelsea, and describes how 
 melancholy, and deserted were the house, and 
 household, her waiting maid Isabelle, her little 
 Moorish page, the parrot Pretty, the lap-dog 
 Chop, and Eilis the canary bird ; nothing is 
 wanting to complete this picture of the English 
 house of Hortense, Duchesse de Mazarin, in 
 the country, which a contemporary and a
 
 122 
 
 compatriot designated as " un pays heretique, 
 l'objet du courroux du Ciel, et de la haine des 
 hommes." The beautiful exile had little to 
 complain of, in the welcome she received in 
 this vilified country. 
 
 St. Evremond's letters to Ninon de l'Enclos, 
 on the death of his dearest and best friend, are 
 expressive of deep and sincere grief. She died 
 heavily in his debt, but he would have given 
 that, and all he had, to bring her back to life. 
 People might live a century, and never see her 
 equal: "Tout le monde vous imite, personne 
 ne vous ressemble," were the words, he once 
 addressed to her. She scolded her friends at 
 times, but in so charming a manner : 
 
 " ' Helas, autre source de larrnes, 
 Tous ses defauts, avoient des charmes.' 
 
 Elle n'avoit jamais su ni tromper, ni hair." He 
 praises the manner of her death, and says: 
 " Les Anglais, qui surpassent toutes les nations 
 a, mourir, la doivent regarder avec jalousie." 
 What added poignancy to his regret, was the 
 conviction that her own imprudence hastened 
 the end, a circumstance over which he, and 
 Ninon lament together. To the man who was
 
 123 
 
 within four years of ninety, Hortense at fifty- 
 three, and evidently still most attractive, must 
 have appeared comparatively young. She died 
 in her house at Chelsea in the summer of 1699. 
 
 Mary, Queen of y antes II, King of 
 England : 
 
 By L'ARGILLIERE. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Murrey-coloured Dress. Blue Scarf. Pearl Necklace and 
 Ornaments). 
 
 Born, 1658. Died, 1691.— The daughter of 
 Alfonso the Fourth, Duke of Modena, by Marie 
 Mancini. Became an orphan at an early age ; 
 was married to the Duke of York (soon after 
 the death of his first wife, Anne Hyde) first by 
 proxy, and then in London in 1673. Young, 
 handsome, single-minded, impulsive, full of 
 affection to a husband twenty years her senior, 
 remarkable in an immoral Court for the
 
 124 
 
 modesty, and decorum of her conduct, Mary 
 devoted herself to the restoration of the Catholic 
 religion, and in consequence became the idol 
 of its votaries, and was hated in proportion by 
 the Protestants. 
 
 James had a great respect and even affection 
 for his wife, in spite of the frequent causes he 
 afforded her for jealousy, and there is no doubt 
 that she influenced him very much in religious 
 matters, and contributed to his downfall. They 
 had several children who died in their infancy ; 
 but in 1688 the unfortunate Prince of Wales, 
 afterwards called the Old Pretender, or Chevalier 
 de St. George, was born. The Queen's romantic 
 adventures when, aided by the Due de Lauzun, 
 she escaped in the dead of night, with her infant 
 in her arms, are too well known to be recorded 
 here. She fled to St. Germains, where Louis 
 XIV received her with royal honours, and 
 human sympathy, and she was soon joined by 
 her husband. Madame de Sevigne's portrait of 
 Mary of Modena on her first arrival, might 
 well be said to rival that of L'Argillicre : " La 
 Heine a des yeux beaux, et noirs, qui ont pleure, 
 un beau teint un peu pale, la bouche grande,
 
 125 
 
 de belles dents, une belle taille, et pleine d' esprit, 
 tout cela compose une femme qui plait 
 beaucoup. Tout ce quelle dit est juste, et de 
 bon sens." She was most grateful to the French 
 King, and on one occasion when he held the 
 Prince of Wales in his arms she said : " Hitherto 
 I have been glad that my son was too young 
 to understand his misfortunes ; now I pity him 
 that he cannot appreciate the goodness of your 
 Majesty." 
 
 Nothing could equal the consideration and 
 generosity of Louis XIV. towards the exiled 
 sovereigns. The ex-Queen of England had a 
 small Court of her own, at St. Germains, where 
 she presided with gentle quiet dignity, cheering 
 the declining days of her unhappy husband, by 
 her unceasing devotion. Whatever the faults 
 of Mary of Modena may have been in public 
 life, no one could deny to the exiled Princess a 
 reputation for virtue, tenderness, and charity, 
 very uncommon in the age in which she lived. 
 
 She was witness to the unsuccessful attempts 
 of both her husband, and son, to recover the 
 Crown, and died after a short illness in the 
 " very odour of sanctity."
 
 126 
 
 Henrietta Maria, Duchess of Orleans 
 
 By MIGNARD. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Oval. Auburn Hair. White Satin Dress. Pearls). 
 
 Born, 1644. Died, 1670.— Daughter of 
 Charles I., King of England, by Henrietta 
 Maria of Prance. When the Queen of Charles 
 I., a fortnight after her confinement, was 
 compelled to fly before the Parliamentary army, 
 she confided the infant Princess to the care of 
 her governess, Lady Morton, who retired with 
 her charge to Oatlands. Two years afterwards, 
 when the Parliament threatened to deprive that 
 lady of her little ward, she determined to 
 thwart them in the attempt. She disguised 
 herself as a poor Prench servant, and provided 
 herself with a humpback, in which she carried 
 little Henrietta dressed as a boy. They pro- 
 ceeded in this way on foot to Dover, where they 
 embarked, and the faithful governess restored 
 the child to her mother at Paris. But Lady 
 Morton had an enemy to contend with in the 
 proud spirit of the English Princess, who was
 
 127 
 
 indignant at being clothed in a coarse dress, 
 and still more at being mistaken for a boy ; and 
 she kept informing the passers by of her royal 
 state, which information was fortunately unin- 
 telligible. 
 
 On the death of the King, she accompanied 
 her mother to France, where they lived in great 
 seclusion ; on her first arrival indeed, the 
 widowed Queen of England had established a 
 small court, and some degree of state, but the 
 niggardliness of the Cardinal-Minister, Mazarin, 
 soon reduced her means. The first appearance 
 of the young. Princess was on the occasion of a 
 select ball at court, given by Anne of Austria 
 in her own private apartments. The Queen- 
 Mother had taken a fancy to the beautiful girl, 
 and the entertainment was given in her honour : 
 Anne was therefore most indignant, when the 
 King selected one of the beauties of her own 
 Court, as his partner for the first dance. She 
 separated their hands sharply, and in a 
 peremptory tone, desired her son to dance with 
 the English Princess. Louis XIV., in a pet, 
 replied, " he did not care to dance with little 
 girls," and that in so audible a tone, as to be
 
 128 
 
 overheard by mother, and daughter. In vain 
 Queen Henrietta Maria, stung to the quick by 
 the slight put upon her child, declared she 
 could not dance, having sprained her ancle ; 
 Anne of Austria insisted, and the King 
 reluctantly led out his unwilling partner, whose 
 crimson cheeks, and streaming eyes, drew the 
 attention of the whole society upon her. For 
 some time the King cherished a feeling of dislike 
 towards the young Princess, so much so as to 
 oppose the union between her, and his brother 
 Monsieur, the Duke of Orleans. But this 
 marriage was resolved on by the two royal 
 mothers, and it was finally arranged that the 
 nuptials should take place, on the return of the 
 Queen and Princess Henrietta from England, 
 whither they went for the ostensible motive 
 of congratulating Charles II. on his restoration 
 to the throne, although it was well known that 
 political intrigues were mixed up with these 
 congratulations. 
 
 At her brother's Court the young Henrietta 
 "turned all heads, and inflamed all hearts," 
 says a contemporary. The Duke of Bucking- , 
 ham, who accompanied them on their return
 
 129 
 
 to France, incurred the maternal anger, by his 
 undisguised devotion to the fiancee of Monsieur. 
 The voyage was a disastrous one, the vessel 
 struck on a rock, and nearly went to pieces, and 
 no sooner had they gained the shore in safety, 
 than the Princess sickened of the measles. 
 The Duke of Buckingham, maddened by the 
 dangers both by sea, and land, to which the 
 beautiful object of his sudden passion, was 
 exposed, became' so demonstrative in the 
 expressions of his grief, and affection, that the 
 English Queen judged it prudent, to despatch 
 him as avant-courier, to Paris. On her recovery, 
 and return thither, the Princess found herself 
 as much admired as she had been at her 
 brother's Court, and the King opened his eyes 
 and wondered at himself for not caring to dance 
 with "such a little girl." "Les yeux vifs, 
 noirs, brillans, pleins de feu," says Choisy, " elle 
 fut l'objet de tous les empressemens imaginables, 
 compris ceux de Monsieur. Elle a l'esprit 
 aussi aimable que le reste." The Duke of 
 Orleans was not supposed to be much in love 
 with his wife, but that did not prevent his 
 being very jealous of the Dukes of Buckingham,
 
 130 
 
 and Guiclie, in particular. Buckingham indeed 
 had brought the husband's jealousy on his own 
 head, by his absurd demeanour, and had been 
 the means of instilling suspicion into his mind, 
 with regard to the Due de Guiclie, a remark- 
 ably handsome, and attractive young courtier. 
 In another quarter, jealousy was rife, for the 
 newly married Queen of France, Maria Theresa, 
 deeply attached to a husband who remained 
 always indifferent to her, watched with dismay 
 the influence "Madame," (as Henrietta was 
 now called) exercised over the King. 
 
 The second Court under " Madame' s " 
 auspices, with its young beauties, its easy 
 conversation, and pleasant pastimes, was exactly 
 suited to the Monarch's taste, and he was 
 known to have said, in speaking of the Duchess 
 of Orleans, " qu'il connoissoit en la voyant de 
 plus pres, combien il avoit ete injuste, a la plus 
 belle personne du monde." The admiration 
 she excited, and the influence she obtained over 
 her brother-in-law, ended indeed, only with her 
 life. Her small Court was brilliant, in the 
 extreme, and they amused themselves in divers 
 ways. " Madame, montoit a cheval, suivie de
 
 131 
 
 toutes ses dames, liabilities galamraent, avec 
 mille plumes sur leurs tetes, accompagnees du 
 Poi, et de la jeunesse de la Cour." Monsieur 
 lived a great deal in the Palais Royal, and 
 there she would go to sup with him, taking 
 all her ladies, and chosen friends with her. 
 Mademoiselle de la Valliere was one of her Maids 
 of Honour, and the liaison with the King, began 
 under Henrietta's roof. She had been very 
 fond of the beautiful girl, but treated her with 
 marked displeasure, in the latter days. 
 
 Madame made a second journey to England, 
 for the purpose of concluding a private treaty, 
 between her brother, and the Erench monarch, 
 and of deta chins: the former from his alliance with 
 Holland. On this occasion, she was accompanied 
 by the celebrated Mademoiselle de la Querouaille, 
 afterwards Duchess of Portsmouth, who had 
 also her sealed orders. The mission was 
 successful, though neither advantageous, nor 
 honourable, as far as England was concerned. 
 Madame returned in triumph, took up her 
 abode at the Palace of St. Cloud, and appeared 
 to have reached the zenith of worldly prosperity, 
 always excepting the unhappy difference, with
 
 132 
 
 her husband, which commenced so soon after 
 their marriage, and had increased rather than 
 diminished. Her tried friend, and trusty con- 
 fidant in these trials, was Cosnac, Bishop of 
 Valence, afterwards Archbishop of Aix, a 
 distinguished, but eccentric man. At twenty- 
 four years of age, he preached a sermon, which 
 made such an impression on the mind, of 
 Mazarin, the Cardinal Minister, that on the 
 conclusion of the service, he promised the 
 preacher a bishopric ; what he called " faire un 
 marechal de Prance sur la brcche." Cosnac 
 was afterwards appointed almoner to Monsieur, 
 and resided with him, for some time, during 
 which period, he endeavoured to gain an 
 influence for good, over the mind of this fickle, 
 and vacillating Prince, and often expostulated 
 with him, on his conduct to the Duchess. They 
 quarrelled, and separated, but his indignation 
 against Monsieur's unworthy favourite, the 
 Chevalier de Loraine, so enraged the Duke that 
 he contrived to procure a sentence of exile, 
 against Cosnac. But absence could not sever 
 the bonds of friendship, which bound him to 
 Henrietta, and of which he gave a valuable
 
 133 
 
 proof, on the occasion of a libel, that was 
 published against her in Holland, at the time 
 of her negociations between England, and 
 France. The Duchess dreaded lest the scur- 
 rilous pamphlet, most damaging to her reputa- 
 tion, should fall into her husband's hands, and 
 she wrote off in terror to her exiled friend, 
 to ask his assistance. Cosnac immediately 
 despatched an emissary to Holland, who did his 
 work so effectually, that the whole edition was 
 bought up, the publication stopped, and all 
 the extant copies brought over, to be destroyed 
 by this zealous friend. As in duty bound, 
 " Madame " worked hard to obtain the Bishop's 
 recall, so much so that the King thought her 
 attachment to him, must be of a more tender 
 nature than she confessed. Louis XIV., in all 
 probability, was not a good judge of friendship, 
 or a believer in it, where a woman was 
 concerned. 
 
 In her correspondence with Cosnac, in 
 speaking of her mission to England, she hints 
 at the hope of Charles II. becoming a Roman 
 Catholic, in the event of which she promises 
 that he shall obtain a Cardinal's hat. On her
 
 134 
 
 return from England, four days before her death, 
 describing the affectionate reception, she had 
 met with from the French King, she says : " Le 
 Roi meme a mon retour m'a temoigne beaucoup 
 de bonte ; mais pour Monsieur rien n'est egal a 
 son acharnement, pour trouver moyen de se 
 plaindre. II me fit l'honneur de me dire, que 
 je suis toute puissante, et que par consequent si 
 je ne fais pas revenir le Chevalier de Loraine, 
 exile par le P^oi, je ne me soucie pas de ltd 
 plaire, et il fait ensuite des menaces, pour le 
 temps a venir." To the same correspondent, 
 she complains that her little girl is brought up, 
 to hate her. Three days later, towards five 
 o'clock in the afternoon, the Duchess of Orleans 
 asked for a glass of iced chicory water ; a short 
 time after drinking which, she was seized with 
 excruciating pain, and strong convulsions. As 
 her condition grew Avorse, it became evident to 
 herself, and all around her, that the end was 
 approaching. Her confessor, Feuillet, was sent 
 for, and in his questions, and exhortations, he did 
 not spare his dying penitent, but both he, and 
 Bossuet, who was also present, became deeply 
 affected, by the humble devotion, and pious
 
 135 
 
 resignation, to the Divine Will, which the 
 unhappy Princess, evinced in the midst of all 
 her sufferings. She was most anxious not to 
 forget any one, and recalling a promise she had 
 made, some time ago to a friend, she called one 
 of her weeping attendants to her, and gave 
 orders where she would find a ring, and to 
 whom it should be sent, as her parting gift. As 
 the last moment approached, she placed her 
 hand in that of her husband, and gazing 
 earnestly in his face said most emphatically : 
 "Monsieur, je ne vous ai jamais manque." 
 She thought of every one in her last moments, 
 and closed an adventurous, and chequered life, at 
 the early age of twenty-six, at peace, with all 
 mankind, repentant, and trusting in the mercy 
 of God. 
 
 That her death was the effect of poison, none 
 could doubt : the question arose, who was the 
 murderer. The King sent for his brother, and 
 charged him with the crime, and a violent scene 
 ensued between them; but the real criminal 
 appears to have been the exiled Chevalier de 
 Loraine, and evidence of the strongest nature 
 was brought to show, that he sent the poison
 
 136 
 
 from Rome by a Monsieur Morel (who was not 
 in the secret) to the Marquise d'Effiat, and a 
 footman deposed, to seeing the Marquise rubbing 
 the inside of the cup, which was immediately 
 afterwards given to Madame, with the chicory 
 water, when she complained of thirst. Be this 
 as it may, no sooner was she dead, than the 
 Chevalier de Loraine was recalled from exile, 
 and the whole matter hushed up. 
 
 Cosnac's description of Madame, was as 
 follows : "Elle avoit 1' esprit solide, et du bon sens, 
 Tame grancle, et fort eclairee, sur tout ce qu'il 
 faudroit faire, mais quelque-fois elle ne le 
 faisoit pas, par une faiblesse naturelle * * * 
 Elle rnelait dans toute sa conversation, une 
 douceur qu'on ne trouvoit point dans lesautres 
 personnes royales ; ce n'est pas qu'elle eut 
 moins de majeste, mais elle en savoit user d'une 
 maniere plus facile, et plus touchante. Pour 
 les traits de son visage, on n'en trouve point de 
 plus achevus ; les yeux vifs, sans ctre rudes, la 
 bouche admirable, le nez parfait (chose rare), 
 le teint blanc et uni, la taille mediocre mais 
 fine : son esprit animait tout son corps ; elle 
 en avoit jusqu'aux pieds; elle dansait mieux
 
 137 
 
 que femme au monde." She loved poetry and 
 befriended poets : Corneille in his old age, and 
 Racine, whose heart she gained by shedding 
 tears at the first reading of his " Andromaque." 
 La Force said after her death : " Le gout des 
 choses de 1' esprit avoit fort baisse. II est 
 certain qu'en perdant cette Princesse la cour 
 perdoit la seule personne de son sang, qui etait 
 capable d'aimer et de distinguer le merite, et 
 il n'y a eu depuis sa rnort, que jeu, confusion, et 
 impolitesse." 
 
 Charles V., Emperor of Germany: 
 
 By TIZIANO VECELLL 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In Armour, Standing by a Table, on which is his Plumed 
 Helmet.) 
 
 Born at Ghent, 1500. Died 1558.— The 
 son of Philip, Archduke of Austria, by Joan 
 the Mad, heiress of Castile, and daughter of 
 Ferdinand and Isabella. Became King of 
 Spain in 1516, and Emperor of Germany in
 
 138 
 
 1519, on the death of Maximilian. Francis I., 
 King of Prance, was his competitor for the 
 imperial dignity, and a war was the result, 
 when the French King was defeated, and made 
 prisoner. But Charles's whole life was spent 
 in warfare, until his abdication, and final 
 seclusion from the world, in the Convent of San 
 Yuste, in Estremadura, where he died. He 
 married the daughter of the King of Portugal, 
 by whom he had Philip II. and two daughters. 
 
 Prince Rupert : 
 
 By VANDYCK. 
 
 TlIHEE-QUAUTER LENGTH. 
 
 (Rich Dress of Murrey Coloured Satin, with Cuirass.) 
 
 Born, 1619. Died, 1682.— The fourth son of 
 Frederic, Elector Palatine, afterwards King of 
 Bohemia, by Elizabeth, daughter of James I., 
 King of Great Britain. His birth at Prague 
 wns hailed with great joy, and his baptism was 
 an occasion of extraordinary pomp. He was
 
 139 
 
 an intelligent and merry child, and as a youth, 
 his elder brother writes home accounts of his 
 proficiency in study, and in athletic exercises, 
 describing " our Rupert," as a species of 
 Admirable Crichton. Both he, and his brother 
 Charles were educated at Ley den, and stood 
 very high at the collegiate examination, when 
 their father, the unfortunate King of Bohemia, 
 travelled thither, and saw his boys for the last 
 time. Rupert studied war under Henry, Prince 
 of Orange : at thirteen he was present at the 
 siege of Rhymberg ; at eighteen he commanded 
 a regiment of cavalry. After her husband's 
 death, Elizabeth was advised to send her 
 two elder sons to colonise in distant countries ; 
 the elder in Madagascar, and Rupert in 
 the West Indies : but the high spirited 
 Princess declared " no son of hers, should 
 become a knight errant." Prince Rupert's 
 later career might well have entitled him to 
 the epithet, Elizabeth so much disapproved. 
 He distinguished himself in several campaigns, 
 was made prisoner, and at the termination of 
 his captivity, accepted the invitation of his 
 uncle, Charles L, to repair to England.
 
 140 
 
 The Queen of Bohemia had considered 
 herself aggrieved, by the unsatisfactory replies 
 which her brother returned to her frequent 
 applications for sympathy and assistance, but 
 on the arrival of Expert and his brother in 
 England, the former was granted an English 
 title, installed as Knight of the Garter, and 
 made Commander in Chief of Cavalry. The 
 Prince was zealous and loyal, and his courage 
 undoubted ; but he laid himself open to just 
 censure by his imprudence, and temerity. 
 Charles loved his nephew, but the blame which 
 attached to his tactics in the fatal battle of 
 Naseby, was confirmed by the Prince's feeble 
 defence of Bristol, for the safety of which 
 place, he had pledged himself. The King 
 deprived him of his command, and wrote him 
 so severe a letter, that Rupert sought an 
 audience of his royal uncle at Belvoir Castle, 
 indignantly denying the charge of treason 
 imputed to him, but honestly confessing his 
 imprudence, and shortcomings. Pepys many 
 years afterwards, alludes to this incident when 
 he says : " The Prince was the boldest attaquer 
 in the world, and yet in the defence of Bristol,
 
 141 
 
 no man ever did worse, wanting in patience 
 and a seasoned head, etc." Pepys did not love 
 Rupert, who once rated him roundly, in the 
 presence of the King, Charles II. The same 
 authority says on another occasion, that the 
 nation was displeased at Rupert's obtaining 
 a command, as he was accounted a "most 
 unhappy man." His next adventure was 
 especially so : Charles I. sent him to Ireland, 
 in charge of that portion of the fleet, which had 
 remained faithful to the royal cause, but his 
 unlucky star was still in the ascendant. He 
 was compelled to seek safety at Lisbon, pursued 
 by the Parliamentary squadron, and after many 
 losses, and disasters, he took refuge in America, 
 where he remained some years. Thence to 
 France, where, says, one of his biographers, 
 "ses aventures romanesques, ses esclaves Maures, 
 son train bizarre, le firent un objet de curiosity 
 et le heros de plus d'une intrigue galante." 
 He returned to England on the restoration of 
 Charles II. " The Prince Rupert is come to 
 Court," says Pepys ; " welcome to nobody ; " yet 
 his great courage and the frequency of his 
 exploits in the war against Holland, when he
 
 142 
 
 was appointed to a command in the fleet, first 
 under the Duke of York, then conjointly with 
 the Duke of Alhemarle, and finally in 1673, 
 when he had the sole command, might well 
 have entitled him to the gratitude of the King 
 and the nation. 
 
 The wear, and tear, of an adventurous life, 
 the effects of a deep wound, received in 
 Flanders, determined Rupert at length, to 
 retire from puhlic life, and seek the repose so 
 necessary to him. He was made Governor 
 of Windsor Castle, and he found great resource 
 in the cultivation of arts, which had always 
 occupied the few leisure hours he had hitherto 
 enjoyed ; physics, chemistry, the improvement 
 of fire-arms, etc. Horace Walpole says : "It 
 is a trite observation, that gunpowder was 
 invented by a monk, and printing by a soldier : 
 and it is an additional honour to the latter 
 profession, to have invented mezzotinto ; " upon 
 which he relates the following anecdote : 
 Prince Rupert, when in Holland, was one 
 morning, attracted by seeing a sentinel rubbing 
 the barrel of his musket, vehemently. On 
 approaching, and examining the gun, he found
 
 143 
 
 that the damp of the early morning, had rusted 
 the metal, and this, combined with friction, had 
 produced a kind of arabesque, or pattern on 
 the metal, like a friezed work eaten in with 
 numerous little dots, part of which the soldier 
 was scraping away. This set the Prince 
 thinking, how he could produce a lasting effect 
 of the same kind, and in combination with his 
 friend, Vaillant the painter, he invented a steel 
 roller, cut with tools to make teeth in the 
 manner of a file, or rasp, with projecting points 
 which produced the black ground, and this being 
 scraped away, or diminished at pleasure, left the 
 gradations of light. 
 
 Prince Rupert was never married, but he left 
 two illegitimate children. 
 
 Grammont says: "II etoit brave, et vaillant, 
 jusqu'a la temerite. II avoit le genie fecond en 
 experiences de mathematique, et quelque talent 
 pour la chimie. Poli jusqu'a l'exces, quand 
 1' occasion ne le demandait pas, fier, et meme 
 brutal quand il etoit question de se humaniser, 
 son visage etoit sec, et dur." * * * But Lely, 
 and Vandyck paint more comely portraits of 
 the brave " Knight-errant." He was a mess-
 
 144 
 
 mate of the Earl of Sandwich, and it is no 
 wonder the portraits of the two brave sailors, 
 should hang together in the Englishman's 
 ancestral home. Lely painted, (as we are told 
 by Pepys,) " all the Elaggmen ; and in his studio 
 I saw the pictures of the Earl of Sandwich, 
 Prince Rupert, etc." But from his account of 
 the campaign at sea, he leads us to believe that 
 both Rupert, and the Duke of Albemarle, were 
 jealous of the popularity, and fame which Lord 
 Sandwich has justly gained in England, through 
 his prowess. 
 
 Henrietta Maria, Queen of England: 
 
 By VANDYCK. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (White Satin Dress. Lace, Pearls. Standing by a Table, 
 on which the Crown is placed.) 
 
 Born, 1607. Died, 1669.— Daughter of 
 Henry IV., King of France, by Marie de 
 Medicis. Attracted the notice of Charles, 
 Prince of Wales, on his route to Madrid, where
 
 145 
 
 he travelled in disguise, with the Duke of 
 Buckingham, to ask the hand of the Infanta of 
 Spain. On the failure of the negociations 
 between Prance and Spain, Charles remembered 
 the young Erench Princess, and became her 
 suitor. The marriage was concluded, under 
 circumstances which appeared to promise great 
 prosperity ; but alas, for human foresight ! the 
 young Queen's life was destined to be one pro- 
 longed struggle, of sorrow, distress, and diffi- 
 culty. She took refuge in Prance, soon after 
 the birth of her daughter Henrietta, and was 
 there warmly welcomed, and treated with 
 liberality by the King ; her constant pecuniary 
 difficulties being usually attributed to her 
 generosity, to the English Royalists. 
 
 When Charles I., took leave of the Princess 
 Elizabeth, who had remained in England, he 
 sent his last farewell to the Queen, assuring her 
 that during the whole course of their union, he 
 had never been unfaithful to her, even in 
 thought. In 1660, Charles II. having been 
 proclaimed King in London, his mother, accom- 
 panied by the Princess Henrietta, visited him, 
 ostensibly to offer her congratulations, but
 
 146 
 
 really to recover part of her dowry, and also to 
 prevent, if possible, the acknowledgement of 
 the private marriage of her son, the Duke of 
 York, with Anne Hyde. But her opposition to 
 this marriage was overruled, from political, and 
 prudential motives. On her return to Paris, 
 and after the union of her daughter, with the 
 Duke of Orleans, Queen Henrietta Maria, 
 bought a house at Colombes, where she lived a 
 most retired life. "Elle 4toit," says Madame 
 de Motteville, "sans nulle facon." In her 
 frugal manner of life, and the courage she 
 displayed in danger, and vicissitude, this 
 Princess resembled her father, the great Henry. 
 She was much disfigured by illness and sorrow : 
 "Elle avoit meme la taille un peu gat^e ; sa 
 beauteY' says Madame de Motteville, "n'avoit 
 dure que l'espace d'un matin, et l'avoit quitte 
 avant son midi ; elle maintenoit que les femmes 
 ne peuvent plus etre belles, passe vingt-deux 
 ans. Elle avoit infiniment de 1' esprit ; elle 
 etoit agreable dans la societe, honnete, douce, et 
 facile; son temperament etoit tourne du cote 
 de la gaieteV' Henrietta Maria died suddenly 
 at her house at Colombes, and was buried at
 
 147 
 
 St. Denis, but she desired that her heart should 
 rest in the Convent of Ste. Marie deChaillot, a 
 Sisterhood, for whom she had much affection. 
 
 Edward, first Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 
 (When Young. In a Bi'own Dress. Pointing to a Globe. 
 Curtain in Background.)
 
 MORNING ROOM.
 
 150 
 Sara//, Duchess of Marlborough 
 
 By SIR GODFREY KNELLER. 
 Half-Length : Oval. 
 
 (Light Coloured Dress. Blue Scai-f.) 
 
 Born, 1658. Died, 1744.— The youngest 
 daughter of Richard Jennings, Esq., of 
 Sundridge, near St. Albans, by the daughter 
 and heiress, of Sir Gilford Thornhurst. She 
 was presented when quite young at Court, 
 where her sister Prances, (afterwards Lady 
 Tyrconnel) had already distinguished herself 
 by her laxity of conduct, as well as her beauty. 
 Sarah's features may not have rivalled her 
 sister's in regularity, but her countenance was 
 full of expression, her complexion delicate, 
 and the profusion of her fair hair, formed a most 
 attractive combination. She became the centre 
 of a host of adorers, amongst whom she pre- 
 ferred, in spite of his poverty, " the young, 
 handsome, graceful, insinuating, and eloquent 
 Churchill." On his side, the young Colonel 
 who, even in early days, had established a cha-
 
 151 
 
 racter for avarice, was so enamoured of the 
 portionless girl, as to refuse a rich heiress with 
 a plain face, who had been proposed to him. 
 Bat in her beauty, her ambition, her indomit- 
 able will, and the close friendship which united 
 her to the Princess (afterwards Queen) Anne, 
 the bride brought her husband, a dowry which 
 made him " a Duke, a sovereign Prince of the 
 Empire, the Captain General of a great 
 coalition, the arbiter between mighty Princes, 
 and the wealthiest subject in Europe." The 
 friendship between Lady Churchill, and Anne, 
 the tyranny which the high-spirited, hot- 
 tempered and wilful Lady of the Bedchamber, 
 exercised over her royal mistress, for many 
 years, are matters too well known, to be here 
 recapitulated. The romantic friendship of 
 Mrs. Morley, and Mrs. Ereeman, the manner 
 in which Anne as Princess, and Queen, even 
 after her marriage to the Prince of Denmark, 
 gave herself up to the dominion of her 
 favourite, until the self-imposed yoke became 
 unbearable, and was suddenly and completely 
 discarded, are historical facts, bound up with 
 public events.
 
 152 
 
 The Duchess of Marlborough was supplanted 
 by her own protegee, Mrs. Masham, and 
 peremptorily dismissed, in spite of prayers, 
 rages and " scenes." Voltaire says : " Quelques 
 paires de gants quelle refusa a la Heine, un verre 
 d'eau qu'elle laissatomber par une meprise! sur 
 la robe de Madame Masham, ckangerent la face 
 de 1' Europe," alluding to the political changes, 
 which ensued on the downfall of Sarah, Duchess 
 of Marlborough. In her latter days, her temper, 
 embittered by these untoward circumstances, 
 became ungovernable ; she quarrelled with her 
 husband, her son-in-law, her grandchildren, 
 and gave way to the most violent outbursts of 
 passion. The Duke of Marlborough was a 
 constant, and affectionate husband, and it is 
 related that on one occasion, when he strove to 
 pacify her rage by a compliment to the beauty 
 of her luxuriant hair, she seized the scissors, 
 cut it off, and flung it in his face. When the 
 Duke died, the long fair tresses, were found 
 carefully preserved in a drawer. 
 
 Sarah was a widow for twenty-two years ; 
 in spite of her age, perhaps on account of her 
 immense fortune, the Duke of Somerset, and
 
 152 
 
 Lord Coningsby were both suitors, for her hand. 
 To the latter, she replied, after reminding him 
 that she was sixty-three, " but were I only 
 thirty, and could you lay the world at my feet, 
 I would never bestow on you, the heart and 
 hand, which belonged exclusively to John, 
 Duke of Marlborough." 
 
 yohn, Second Duke of Montagu : 
 
 By PHILLIPS. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (Bight Hand on a Table, Left on the Back of a Chair, on 
 which a Greyhound is standing. Court Suit, Star, 
 Garter, and Ribbon of the Order.) 
 
 • Born, 1682. Died, 1749.— The only surviv- 
 ing son of Ralph, first Duke of Montagu, by 
 his first wife, the Countess of Northumberland. 
 In 1705, he married Lady Mary Churchill, 
 youngest daughter, and co-heiress of the Duke 
 of Marlborough, by Sarah Jennings, his wife, 
 by whom he had several sons, who all died in 
 their childhood, as did one of his daughters ;
 
 153 
 
 but two survived him, Lady Isabella, married 
 to the Duke of Manchester, and Lady Mary, to 
 the Earl of Cardigan. He was Lord High 
 Constable of England, at the coronation of 
 George I., Knight of the Garter, and one of the 
 first Knights of the Bath, as well as Great 
 Master of that new Order, with several other 
 honours. Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, in 
 her unpublished volume of remarks and axioms, 
 (which does her little honour) is very hard upon 
 her son-in-law. She declares he had no just 
 claim for place, or favour on the Government, on 
 account of services, by sea, or land ; but this 
 statement is emphatically contradicted, in a 
 marginal note, stating that Montagu had served 
 under the great Duke of Marlborough himself. 
 He seems by all accounts, to have been a kind 
 hearted, and benevolent man, but undoubtedly 
 whimsical, and eccentric; witness an anecdote 
 told of him in one of the periodicals of the 
 day. In his walks in St. James's Park, he was 
 attracted by the daily sight of an old gentleman, 
 of military aspect, but shabby, and poverty 
 stricken in his dress, who usually sat, and 
 sunned himself, on one of the benches in
 
 154 
 
 the avenue. The Duke sent his servant, one 
 day to the old soldier, and asked him, to come 
 and visit him. Nothing loth, but much 
 bewildered, the stranger followed the lacquey, 
 throuo-h the corridors, and well furnished rooms, 
 to the ducal presence. Here he was asked, and 
 had to tell, his sorrowful tale. He had served 
 his country, but had no pension ; he had married 
 a wife without a dowry, and she and her children 
 were half starving, down in Wales, while he had 
 come to London on the sad, and hopeless errand, 
 of getting something, to live upon. He had a 
 wretched room, where he slept, and spent most 
 of his time, on a bench, in the Park. The Duke 
 listened, and fed him, gave him a trifling sum, 
 and said he hoped to see him again, ere very 
 long. Accordingly, some time afterwards, the 
 old man received a letter from the Duke, begg- 
 ing him to come to dinner, telling him that he 
 had a most mysterious, and confidential com- 
 munication, to make. The soldier, to whom his 
 whole acquaintance with Montagu appeared 
 like a fairy tale, brushed up his threadbare suit, 
 and presented himself to the Duke, who in a 
 most private, and mysterious manner, assured
 
 155 
 
 him, that there was a certain lady, who admired 
 him very much, and who had earnestly desired 
 an interview with him ; indeed, the Duke went 
 on to say, so entirely was her heart set on the 
 meeting, that he had consented to be the go- 
 between. More bewildered than ever, the 
 soldier pleaded his wrinkled face, his scanty 
 grey hairs, and, above all, his allegiance to the 
 poor wife, far away among the Welsh mountains- 
 The Duke was jocose, treated the matter with 
 levity, and gave his arm to lead the astonished 
 guest to the hospitable board, where the lady 
 would be seated; and there indeed, smiling 
 amid her tears, sate his wife, and her children, 
 and after a sumptuous repast, the happy couple 
 left the ducal roof, with their pockets sufficiently 
 well lined (with the addition of a small pension 
 also promised by their noble friend), to keep the 
 wolf from their humble door. Such whimsical 
 fancies as these, would not have suited the stern 
 and economical Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. 
 John, Duke of Montagu, died at Montagu 
 House, Whitehall, in the sixty-eighth year of 
 his age, when his title became extinct.
 
 156 
 John, Fourth Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By ZOFFANY. 
 
 Small Full-Length. 
 
 (Seated near a Table, on which he rests his Left Arm, 
 Crimson and Gold Court Dress.) 
 
 Miss Margaret Ray : 
 
 By GAINSBOROUGH. 
 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Blue Dress.) 
 
 Born, 1742, Murdered, 1779.— Some say 
 the daughter of a stay-maker in Covent 
 Garden, others that she was born at Elstree, in 
 Herts, where her father was a labourer. In 
 early life, she was apprenticed to a dressmaker 
 in Clerkenwell, but her first meeting with 
 John, fourth Earl of Sandwich, was at a shop 
 in Tavistock- street, where he was buying some 
 neck-cloths. Struck with her extreme beauty,
 
 157 
 
 his lordship took her under his protection, 
 established her at Hinchingbrook, and superin- 
 tended her education. Margaret repaid the 
 pains that were bestowed on her, but her 
 especial talent was for music, and under the 
 tuition of Mr. Bates, (afterwards secretary to 
 Lord Sandwich) and Signor Giardini, her sweet 
 and powerful voice, was fully developed, and 
 she sang to perfection, in the Oratorio of 
 "Jephthah," in Italian bravuras, and in the 
 catches and glees, which so often formed part of 
 the varied entertainments, at Hinchingbrook. 
 Every -Christmas, indeed, Lord Sandwich 
 caused an oratorio to be performed, at his 
 country house, where Miss Ray was the 
 principal attraction, although she had several 
 rivals in musical talent, both professional, and 
 amateur. On one occasion Mr. Cradock, an 
 intimate friend of Lord Sandwich's, tells us 
 that he accompanied his lordship, Mr. Bates, 
 Miss Bay and another lady, to Vauxhall, where 
 some musical friends met them, and they sang 
 catches, and glees, in the box, to the delight of 
 the audience, who greatly admired the beauty 
 and vocal powers, of the fair (to them) unknown 
 performer.
 
 158 
 
 Miss Ray was remarkable, while under Lord 
 Sandwich's roof, for her discreet and circum- 
 spect conduct, in a most equivocal position ; 
 and his lordship appears to have been very 
 strict, lest anyone, as he expressed himself, 
 "should exceed the boundary line," that he had 
 drawn. For example, at the oratorios where 
 she shone so conspicuously, the society were 
 not expected to notice her, and she herself 
 was sadly embarrassed one evening, when Lady 
 Blake advanced between the scenes to converse 
 with her, the singer well knowing such a step 
 would arouse the noble host's displeasure; a 
 well grounded suspicion as he went so far as to 
 say " such a trespass might occasion the over- 
 throw of our music meetings." The Bishop of 
 Lincoln's wife pays this tribute to Margaret : 
 " She was so assiduous to please, so excellent 
 and unassuming, I felt it cruel to sit directly 
 opposite to her, and yet find it impossible to 
 notice her." 
 
 At these oratorios, the Duke of Manchester's 
 band generally attended, and Lord Sandwich 
 took the direction of the kettledrums, as, 
 indeed, he sometimes did at public music
 
 159 
 
 meetings, at Leicester (and elsewhere), where 
 Mr. Cradock says: "The Earl and the Otaheitan, 
 Omai, (whom he had brought with him) divided 
 public attention." 
 
 Mr. Cradock was with Lord Sandwich, when 
 he first became acquainted with Hackman. My 
 Lord had taken Mr. Cradock to Cambridge, to 
 vote for a candidate for a professorship in 
 whom he was interested, and brought his friend 
 back with him, in his chaise to Hinchingbrook. 
 Under the gateway they met a neighbour, 
 Major Reynolds, with a brother officer, who 
 was presented as Captain Hackman. Lord 
 Sandwich, with his usual hospitality, invited 
 the two officers to a family dinner, and in the 
 evening, he and Miss Ray encountered Major 
 Reynolds, and Mr. Cradock at whist, Captain 
 Hackman preferring to overlook the game. 
 There can be little doubt that Miss Ray 
 inspired the young soldier with love, at first 
 sight. Hackman at that time was on a recruit- 
 ing party at Huntingdon ; he became a constant 
 visitor at Hinchingbrook, and it seems that 
 whenever Miss Ray drove out, he constantly 
 waylaid her, bowing low as she passed. There was
 
 160 
 
 evidently a great difference of opinion as to Miss 
 Kay's feelings, with regard to her new admirer. 
 One account of the transaction affirms that she 
 was not insensible to his devotion, and that the 
 black servant, believing she was false, imparted 
 his suspicions to Lord Sandwich. The same 
 authority states that his Lordship taxed his 
 beautiful companion with her inconstancy, and 
 either through his influence, or that of Major 
 Reynolds, Hackman obtained a recommendation 
 to Sir John Swaine, Adjutant-general in Ireland, 
 where he remained nearly two years. But he 
 never forgot the beautiful Margaret, and leaving 
 the army, he entered the Church, obtained a 
 living in Norfolk, and wrote her a passionate 
 love letter, in which be proposed marriage, and 
 went so far as to promise tenderness, and pro- 
 tection for her children by Lord Sandwich. 
 This offer was refused with decision, whether 
 from fidelity to her protector, anxiety for her 
 children's welfare, or indifference to her adorer, 
 we cannot say. Her situation was certainly not 
 one of calm enjoyment. One evening at the 
 Admiralty she complained to Mr. Cradock, that 
 she did not believe either Lord Sandwich, or
 
 161 
 
 herself was safe to go out, from the fury of the 
 mob, and that coarse ballads, and libels were 
 sung under the windows, which looked upon the 
 Park. Bursting into tears, she besought Mr. 
 Cradock to intercede with Lord Sandwich, to 
 make some settlement on her, not from mer- 
 cenary motives, but because she wished to relieve 
 my Lord from greater expense, and to go on the 
 stage. Her voice was at its best, Italian music 
 her forte, and she was sure that through her 
 friend Signor Giardini, and Mr. Cradock' s 
 friends Mrs. Brooke and Mrs. Yates, she could 
 secure an advantageous engagement. As might 
 have been supposed, Mr. Cradock declined to 
 interfere, and the matter dropped. 
 
 In the meantime, Hackman, on the receipt 
 of Miss Bay's letter, which put a stop to his 
 long cherished hopes, stung to the quick, and in 
 such distress of mind, as brought him to the 
 verge of madness, rushed up to London. He 
 strove to effect an interview with the singing 
 master, Signor Galli, but this was prevented by 
 the vigilance of Lord Sandwich, who entrusted 
 the Italian with the task of informing Mr. 
 Hackman that Miss Hay would have no more
 
 162 
 
 communication with him. He took a lodging 
 in Duke's Court, St. Martin's Lane, and on the 
 7th of April, 1779, he passed the morning in 
 reading Blair's Sermons, and dined with his 
 sister, and her husband, a newly married couple. 
 He then went out, proceeded to the Admiralty, 
 and seeing Lord Sandwich's coach at the door, 
 he imagined it likely that Miss Ray might be 
 going in it, to call on her friend Signora Galli, 
 at her lodgings in the Haymarket. Thence he 
 walked to the Cannon Coffee-house, Charing 
 Cross, and watching the carriage pass, he 
 followed it in time to see Miss Ray, and Signora 
 Galli enter Covent Garden Theatre. On going 
 in, he was distracted with jealousy at seeing her 
 addressed by "a gentleman of genteel and 
 handsome appearance," whom he afterwards 
 found to be Lord Coleraine. The performance 
 was "Love in a Village." He went out, 
 furnished himself with a brace of loaded 
 pistols, and returned to Covent Garden. "When 
 the play was over, he kept Miss Ray with her 
 two companions in view, through the lobby, 
 where there was a great crowd, until she was 
 under the piazza, and her coach was called, in
 
 163 
 
 the name of Lady Sandwich. He was pushed 
 down by a chairman, running suddenly against 
 him, but recovered himself in time to pursue 
 his victim to her coach, in which Signora Galli 
 had already taken her place. Stepping between 
 Miss Ray, who had accepted the arm of Mr. 
 McNamara (of Lincoln's Inn Melds), and the 
 coach, he discharged his right hand pistol at 
 her, and his left at himself. The beautiful and 
 unfortunate woman, raised her hand to her head, 
 and dropped down dead at his feet. Hackman 
 fell at the same moment, but finding that he 
 was still alive, he beat himself about the head, 
 with the pistol, crying to the bystanders to kill 
 him. The murderer, and the victim, were both 
 carried to the Shakespeare Tavern ; the corpse 
 lay in one room, while the wounded man was 
 attended to, in another. He enquired for her, 
 and declared he only meant to kill himself, and 
 had failed in his object. He was taken before 
 Sir John Eielding, who committed him to 
 Tothill Fields Bridewell, and afterwards to 
 Newgate, where he was constantly watched to 
 prevent his making away, with himself. He 
 was attended on his trial by a friend, and on
 
 164 
 
 first entering the court, was much agitated, 
 sighing, and weeping while the evidence was 
 being given, yet at the same time showing a 
 courageous, and even noble deportment as 
 concerned his own fate. He made a most 
 pathetic speech, in which he confessed his guilt, 
 but attributed it to sudden phrensy, as regarded 
 murder. The suicide, he said, was premeditated. 
 He had no wish to avoid punishment; he was 
 too unhappy to care for life, now she was gone, 
 and he submitted himself to the judgment of 
 Almighty God. A letter found in his pocket, to 
 his brother-in-law, taking leave of him, and 
 speaking in the most affectionate terms of his 
 "beloved woman," seemed to bear out his 
 testimony. His hearers were much affected, 
 but on his return to the cell he became composed, 
 and said he was rejoiced to think, his time on 
 earth was so short. After his sentence was 
 passed, he received the following letter in 
 prison : 
 
 " If the murderer of Miss wishes to live, the man 
 
 he has most injured, will use all his interest to procure his 
 life."
 
 165 
 The prisoner's reply was as follows: 
 
 " Condemned Cell, Newgate. 
 " The murderer of her, whom he preferred, far preferred to 
 life, suspects the hand from which he has just received, such 
 an offer as he neither desires, nor deserves. His wishes are 
 for death, not life. One wish he has : Could he be pardoned 
 in this world, by the man he has most injured? Oh, my 
 Lord, when I meet her in another world, enable me to tell 
 her— if departed spirits are not ignorant of earthly things — 
 that you forgive us both, and that you will be a father to 
 her dear children." 
 
 He suffered death calmly, and thus ended the 
 career of a man, who seemed formed for better 
 things. 
 
 Mr. Cradock, who was sincerely attached 
 both to Lord Sandwich, and the unfortunate 
 cause of so much sorrow, tells us that on 
 the day following the murder, he went to the 
 Admiralty, and saw old James, the black servant, 
 whom he found overwhelmed with grief. It 
 was he who began to break the terrible news to 
 his master, when Lord Sandwich interrupted 
 him, by bidding him " allude no more to the 
 ballads and libels, of which he had heard 
 enough." "Alas," said the faithful old man, 
 "it is something more terrible than that."
 
 166 
 
 Others then came in from the theatre and 
 related the dreadful intelligence. Lord 
 Sandwich, stood for awhile transfixed with 
 horror, then raising his hand exclaimed, "I 
 could have borne anything but this," and 
 rushed upstairs, desiring that no one should 
 follow him. lie shunned society, for a long 
 time after the dreadful catastrophe, and his 
 friend Cradock tells us, that he went to see him, 
 and found him terribly depressed one day, 
 sitting under the portrait of Miss Ray, "a 
 speaking likeness ; " doubtless the one in 
 question. 
 
 By Miss Ray, Lord Sandwich had four 
 children, viz., Admiral Montagu, Basil Montagu, 
 Q.C., John Montagu, and Augusta, married to 
 the Comte de Viry, of Savoy, an Admiral in 
 the Sardinian Navy. 
 
 This beautiful portrait by Gainsborough, 
 belonged to Admiral Montagu, and was 
 purchased by John, seventh Earl of Sandwich, 
 in 1857, of a picture dealer, at the instigation 
 of Mr. Green, of Evans's Booms, who told him 
 he much wished to possess it himself, having a 
 collection of portraits of celebrities, but the 
 price was beyond his mark.
 
 167 
 
 Lady Louisa Corry, 
 Afterwards Countess of Sandwich 
 
 By HAMILTON. 
 
 Small Half-Length. 
 
 yohn William, Seventh Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By the HON. HENRY GRAVES. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Peer's Coronation Robes, over Lord Lieutenant's Uniform.) 
 
 Mary, Countess of Sandwich 
 
 By the HON. HENRY GRAVES. 
 
 Oval. 
 
 (Leaning on her Hand.) 
 
 Born, 1812. Died, 1859.— She was the 
 youngest daughter of the first Marquis of
 
 Errata. 
 Page 10S, third line from bottom, for "Eton," read ^'Gibraltar."
 
 168 
 
 Anglesey, by his second wife, Lady Emily 
 Cadogan, (whose first husband was Lord Cowley.) 
 Lady Mary Paget was married in 1838, to John 
 William, seventh Earl of Sandwich, and died, 
 universally regretted, on the 20th of February, 
 1859, in Curzon Street, May fair. 
 
 Edward George Henry, Viscount Hinch- 
 
 ingbrook, and his Brother, 
 The Hon. Victor Alexander Montagu: 
 
 By HURLSTONE. 
 
 (Children of the Seventh Earl of Sandwich.) 
 
 Lord Hinchingbrook was born in London on 
 July 13, 1839. Educated at Eton. Joined the 
 Second Battalion Grenadier Guards, December 
 18, 1857. Lieutenant and Captain, May, 1862. 
 Adjutant, 1864. Captain and Lieut-Colonel, 
 July, 1870. Has been employed as Commandant 
 of a School of Instruction of the Reserve 
 Forces, and Military Secretary at Eton. Was 
 attached to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe's special 
 Embassy to Constantinople, 1858. Accompanied
 
 169 
 
 H.R.H. the Prince of Wales to North America, 
 1860. Attached to Lord Breadalbane's Mission, 
 (to confer the Order of the Garter on the King 
 of Prussia) 1861, and in the same year to Lord 
 Clarendon's Embassy, when the King of Prussia 
 was crowned at Konigsberg. On the occasion of 
 the marriage of H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, 
 when Lord Sydney represented the Queen of 
 England at the Court of St. Petersburg, Lord 
 Hinchingbrook accompanied his uncle to the 
 Russian capital ; and in 1875 he went with Sir 
 John Hrummond Hay, K.C.B. to the Court of 
 the Sultan of Morocco. Was elected M.P. for 
 Huntingdon, February, 1876. 
 
 The Hon. Victor Montagu was born in 1841. 
 Entered the Royal Navy in 1853, as naval cadet 
 on board H.M.S. "Princess Royal," Captain 
 Lord Clarence Paget (his uncle). On the 
 declaration of war with Prussia, in 1854, he 
 proceeded to the Baltic, with the Eleet under 
 Sir Charles Napier. Early in 1855 he went to 
 the Black Sea, and remained on that station till 
 the fall of Sebastopol. In 1856 he sailed to 
 China, under Admiral Keppel in the "Raleigh," 
 50 guns, (which vessel was lost off Macao, in
 
 170 
 
 April, 1857,) and in the Chinese War, he served 
 in a gun-boat at the operations up the Canton 
 River. On the news of the Mutiny in India, 
 in 1857, Victor Montagu was ordered to join 
 the " Pearl" at Hong-kong, and left in company 
 with the "Shannon" for Calcutta, wiiere he 
 landed with the Naval Brigade, and joined the 
 field force under Brigadier Rowcroft, and Sir 
 Hope Grant, with which he was employed until 
 February, 1859. 
 
 In the Oude and Goruckpore districts, he 
 was in seventeen out of twenty-six engage- 
 ments ; and in 1859 he returned to England, 
 having seen four campaigns before he was 
 eighteen years of age. He afterwards served 
 as lieutenant in the Channel, and Mediterranean 
 Fleets, and in 1864, was appointed to H.M.S. 
 •'Racoon," in which vessel H.R.H. Prince 
 Alfred was also serving as lieutenant. In 1866, 
 he was Elag-Lieutenant to Lord Clarence Paget, 
 Commander in Chief in the Mediterranean ; 
 and in the autumn of the same year commanded 
 the " Tvrian " o-un-boat on the same station. 
 In 1867, he was promoted, returned to England, 
 and has since commanded the "Rapid" steam 
 sloop in the Mediterranean.
 
 171 
 
 In 1867, Victor Montagu married Lady 
 Agneta Harriet Yorke, youngest daughter of 
 the fourth Earl of Hardwicke, by the daughter 
 of the first Lord Bavensworth, by whom he 
 has two daughters, Mary Sophie, and Olga 
 Blanche, and one son, George Charles. 
 
 The Honourable Oliver George Powlett 
 Montagu : 
 
 By the HON. HENRY GEAVES. 
 
 Born, 1844. Youngest son of the seventh 
 Earl of Sandwich. Educated at Eton. Ap- 
 pointed lieutenant in the Huntingdon Bine 
 Begiment of Militia, in 1862 ; cornet in the 
 Ninth Lancers, in 1863; exchanged into the 
 Boyal Horse Guards, in 1865. 
 
 Portrait of a Lady, supposed to be 
 Lady Bochester. 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 Half-Length. 
 
 (Blue Dress with Pearls.)
 
 CORRIDOR— DOWNSTAIRS.
 
 173 
 Edward, Viscount Hinchingbrook 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length : Oval. 
 
 (Red Jacket with Frogs. Blue Cap.) 
 
 Born, 1692. Died, 1722.— The eldest son of 
 Edward, third Earl of Sandwich, by the 
 daughter of the Earl of Rochester. Member 
 for the Town, and subsequently for the County 
 of Huntingdon ; also Lord Lieutenant, and 
 Custos Rotulorum; was in the army. Noble 
 says his unfortunate father " became so much 
 a cypher, that all the duties of his station 
 devolved on Lord Hinchingbrook, who was an 
 amiable, active and spirited young man." He 
 married Elizabeth, only daughter of Alexander 
 Popham, Esq., of Littlecote, Wilts, by Lady 
 Anne Montagu, (afterwards Harvey) daughter 
 of Ralph, Duke of Montagu. His portrait and 
 that of his wife, are alluded to by Noble. 
 
 Lord Hinchingbrook, in his early youth, 
 appears to have been a great swain, if we can 
 trust the bantering style of the Tatler, in the
 
 174 
 
 pages of which, he figures constantly under the 
 soubriquet of Cynthio. In a paper dated White's 
 Chocolate House, North Side of Russell Street, 
 Covent Garden, he comes in, and gives an 
 elaborate lecture on the art of ogling. 
 
 He says : " Twenty men can speak eloquently, 
 and fight manfully, and a thousand can dress 
 genteelly at a mistress, who cannot gaze skil- 
 fully." He gives the benefit of his experience, 
 on the subject at some length ; speaks of the 
 late fallings off in the passion of love, boasting 
 that he himself is the only man who is true to 
 the cause. One day, while cleaning his teeth 
 at the window of a tavern, he caught sight of a 
 beautiful face, looking from the window of a 
 coach, and he followed the fair object up, and 
 down the town — a long time, indeed, without 
 success ; but this incident is proof of his zeal. 
 There is a ludicrous account of his (imaginary) 
 death from a broken heart ; his companions 
 had hoped, that good October and fox hunting 
 would have averted this catastrophe. They 
 propose to erect a monument to his memory, 
 with a very long inscription. The paper is 
 signed by the witty, and mirth-loving Dick
 
 175 
 
 Steele. Collins says Lord Hinchingbrook died 
 much regretted : " He had a martial spirit, 
 tempered with fine breeding, which made his 
 company much coveted, and gained him great 
 ascendancy in the House of Commons." 'He 
 was a strenuous upholder of the Protestant 
 Succession, and of the rights and liberty of the 
 subject. 
 
 By his wife he had two daughters, Mary and 
 Elizabeth, and a son who succeeded his grand- 
 father in the Earldom of Sandwich. 
 
 Lady Anne Montagu : 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Blue Satin Gown. Rows of Pearls round the Waist. A 
 Scarf over the Shoulder, a long White Glove in Left 
 Hand.) 
 
 Born, 1674. Died, 1742.— The only surviving 
 daughter of Balph, first Duke of Montagu, by 
 his first wife, the Countess of Northumberland. 
 Lady Anne's delicate health in her childhood,
 
 176 
 
 seems to have given great uneasiness, to her 
 mother. Lady Rachel Russell often mentions 
 the little fair, pale girl. She married; first, 
 Alexander Popham, Esq., of Littlecote, in 
 Wiltshire, (by whom she had Elizabeth, Vis- 
 countess Hinchingbrook) ; and secondly, Daniel 
 Harvey, of Combe, in Surrey. The parents 
 were friends, and cousins, and Lady North- 
 umberland often visited at Combe. By her 
 second marriage, she had no children. 
 
 St. Evremond constantly corresponded with 
 Lady Anne, who was a friend of the Duchesse de 
 Mazarin, and an habituee of her salon at 
 Chelsea. He writes a poetical epistle com- 
 plaining of the cold of this miserable bit of a 
 room, where all the doors were left open, and 
 where the beautiful hostess occasionally cheated 
 at cards. All this, however, is couched in most 
 flattering language, extolling the charms, moral 
 (query) and physical, of the lovely gambler. 
 "Prenez garde a Madame," he goes on to say, 
 after describing his losses at Ombre, for she will 
 cheat you "avec la plus belle main du monde." 
 
 La Eontaine dedicated one of his Eables, to 
 Lady Anne Harvey, who had a great admiration
 
 177 
 
 for his talent. St. Evremond says: "L'estime 
 que M. de la Fontaine s'est acquis en Angleterre 
 etoit si grand, que Madame Harvey, et quelques 
 autres personnes d'un tres grand merite, ayant 
 su, qu'il ne vivoit pas commod<mient a Paris, 
 resolurent de l'attirer aupres d'elles, ou. rien ne 
 lui auroit manqueV' La Fontaine was grateful 
 to his English friends, but declined, on the plea 
 of being too old, to seek a strange country. 
 Lady Anne, or Madame Harvey, as the Abbe 
 calls her, is constantly mentioned in the letters 
 of St. Evremond. 
 
 Elisabeth, Third Countess of Sandwich: 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Seated. Resting on her Left Arm. Right Hand holding 
 Flowers. Loose Coloured Deshabille.)
 
 178 
 General Daniel Harvey 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In Armour, with a Blue Scai-f. Right Hand resting on 
 Hip ; Left on the Hilt of Sword.) 
 
 Born, Died, 1732. — The youngest son 
 
 of Sir Edward Harvey, of Combe, near Kingston- 
 on-Thames, by Lady Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Erancis, first Earl of Bradford. In 1712, he was 
 appointed Lieutenant-governor of Guernsey, 
 which office he held till 1726. He married his 
 cousin, Lady Anne, daughter of Ralph, Duke 
 of Montagu, by the Countess of Northumber- 
 land, relict of Alexander Popham, of Littlecote, 
 Wilts, by whom he had no issue. General 
 Harvey died at Mitcham, in Surrey, and was 
 buried within the rails of the altar, in that 
 church.
 
 179 
 Captain the Hon. William Montagu: 
 
 By T. HIGHMORE. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In a Brown and Red Uniform laced with Gold. Pointing 
 to a Ship with hia Right Hand \ holding a Telescope in 
 his Left.) 
 
 Born, 1720. Died, 1757. — He was the youngest 
 son of Edward, Viscount Hinchingbrook, and 
 entered the Navy, at an early age, in which 
 profession he was destined to distinguish 
 himself, not only by his courage, and skill as an 
 officer, but by his extraordinary eccentricity, 
 which gained him the soubriquet of "Mad 
 Montagu." He commanded the "Mermaid" 
 at the taking of Cape Breton, in 1745, whence 
 he brought letters from Commodore Warren, 
 with an account of the surrender of the fortress 
 of Louisburg, and the adjoining territories, after 
 a siege of forty-nine days. He commanded the 
 " Prince Edward," and the " Bristol," and took 
 the "Orvena," a rich Spanish register ship. 
 He appears to have been in constant scrapes, 
 both private, and public, frequently writing to
 
 ISO 
 
 his brother, Lord Sandwich, in extenuation of 
 some escapade, usually accompanied with a con- 
 fession that he had erred through his propensity 
 for drinking. But his genial humour, and 
 untiring fun, generally extricated him from the 
 difficulties, into which his folly had plunged 
 him, and his mad freaks were a constant topic 
 of conversation, and amusement. When under 
 the orders of Sir Edward Hawker, in 1755, he 
 solicited permission to go to town. The 
 Admiral, thinking to compromise the matter 
 and palliate his refusal by a jest (as he had no 
 intention of complying with so improper a 
 request), said he might go in his barge as far as 
 he pleased from the ship, but no farther. 
 Captain Montagu immediately caused a truck 
 to be constructed at Portsmouth, to be drawn 
 by horses ; on this truck he placed his barge 
 filled with provisions and necessaries for three 
 days, and entering it with his men, gave 
 orders to imitate the action of rowing with the 
 oars. Sir Edward, it is said, having heard of 
 this wonderful proceeding, in every sense of the 
 word, soon after the boat was landed, sent the 
 coveted permission to the Mad-cap.
 
 181 
 
 In the sea-fight of May 3rd, 1747, Captain 
 Montagu, and Captain Eincher, were rival 
 competitors for fame. The "Bristol" having 
 got up to the " Invincible," and brought her to 
 action, the "Pembroke" (Captain Eincher) 
 attempted to get in between them, desiring 
 Montagu, to put his helm a-starboard, or he 
 should be aboard of him. " Run on board and 
 
 be d d ! Neither you nor any other man 
 
 shall come between me and my enemy," was 
 his answer. This action is the subject of a fine 
 picture, in the Ship-room at Hinchingbrook, by 
 Scott. 
 
 While commanding the same vessel in the 
 Channel, Montagu fell in with a fleet of outward 
 bound Dutch merchantmen, to whom he gave 
 chase and overtook. Having done so, he ordered 
 two boats to be manned, and sent a carpenter's 
 mate in each, desiring them to cut off the heads 
 of twelve — not of the ship's company, but of the 
 ugliest of the grotesque ornaments with which 
 the Dutch usually decorated the extremity of 
 their rudders. When brought back to him, he 
 arranged them, in as ridiculous a position, as he 
 could devise round his cabin, and inscribed them
 
 182 
 
 with the names of the twelve Caesars. A jest 
 of a more ghastly nature, is recorded of Mad 
 Montagu. Landing one day at Portsmouth, 
 just after a Dutch vessel had been wrecked, he 
 perceived about a dozen of her crew lying dead, 
 on the shore. He immediately ordered his men 
 to put all the poor fellows' hands, into their 
 pockets. He then proceeded to the coffee-house, 
 where he found the Dutch captain, with whom 
 
 every one was condoling. " D the idle 
 
 lubbers ! " said Montagu, " they were too lazy 
 to take their hands out of their breeches pockets, 
 even to save their lives." 
 
 The Dutch captain was naturally indignant, 
 when Montagu proposed to bet him six dozen of 
 wine, that if any of the crew chanced to be 
 washed on shore, his words would be proved. 
 The waiter was despatched to reconnoitre ; the 
 result of course, was in the English captain's 
 favour, and not only had the poor foreigner to 
 pay the forfeit, but the laugh on a most 
 melancholy matter was turned against him. 
 Captain Montagu sat in Parliament for a 
 borough in Cornwall. He married Charlotte, 
 daughter of Erancis Nailor, of Offord,
 
 183 
 
 Huntingdonshire, but died in 1757, without 
 issue. 
 
 yohn, Fourth Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By ZOFFANY. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In a Plum-coloured Court Suit, embroidei*ed in Gold. 
 Seated by a Table, on which he rests his Arm. In his 
 Right Hand a Letter directed to himself.) 
 
 Edward Richard, Viscount 
 Hinchingbrook : 
 
 By KNELLER. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Painted at the Age of Eighteen, in 1710. In Armour. 
 Bight Hand on Hip, Left Hand on a Helmet.)
 
 184 
 Edward, Second Earl of Sandwich. 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Long Fair Curling Hair, or Wig. Loose Brown Dress, 
 Lace Cravat and Ruffles. Left Hand on Hip.) 
 
 Born, 1648. Died, 1688.— The eldest son of 
 the first Earl, by Jemima Crewe. Born at 
 Hinchingbrook, baptized at All Saints' Church, 
 Huntingdon. Pepys does not tell us much 
 about his young Lord, but he seems to have 
 been much attached to him. He relates how 
 sorry he was for the misfortune that had be- 
 fallen him through killing his boy, by the 
 accidental discharge of his fowling-piece ; and 
 another time he mentiocs that Lord Hinching- 
 brook, with some other gentlemen, visited him 
 at his house, having been to inspect the ruins 
 of the city, (after the great fire) where he " set 
 before them good wines of several sorts, which 
 they took mighty respectfully, but I was glad 
 to see my Lord Hinchingbrook." While
 
 185 
 
 Mistress Mallett, (the great heiress whom Lady 
 Sandwich desired for her son's wife) was still 
 unsettled, "my young Lord " attended her to 
 Tunbridge ; but there she told him plainly her 
 affections were engaged ; besides, Lord Hinch- 
 ingbrook was not much pleased with her vanity, 
 and liberty of carriage. A better marriage in 
 every respect, was in store for him, and though 
 not quite so wealthy as Mistress Mallett, Lady 
 Anne Boyle had a dowry of £10,000, and was 
 indeed a great alliance, coming of a noble stock. 
 She was daughter of Richard, second Earl of 
 Cork, and first Earl of Burlington. The match 
 appears to have been arranged between the 
 parents, and confided as a secret to Pepys, 
 before Lord Hinchingbrook himself, was 
 acquainted with the project. It seems to have 
 been made by Sir George Carteret : "A civil 
 family, and a relation to my Lord Chancellor, 
 whose son has married one of the daughters, 
 [this was Lord Rochester, son to Lord Clarendon, 
 who had married Lady Henrietta Boyle] and 
 the Chancellor himself, do take it with great 
 kindness." What a pity that the amusing 
 chronicle should have come to so sudden an end,
 
 • 186 
 
 through the weakness of poor Pepys' eyes; 
 otherwise we should have heard details of how 
 the sad news of the hero's death was received 
 in his family, and more particulars respecting 
 his son and successor. We only know he 
 attended his father's funeral, as chief mourner, 
 that he was sent Ambassador to Portugal in 
 1678, and died in 1688, being buried at 
 Barnwell. He left issue : Edward, who suc- 
 ceeded him; Richard and Elizabeth, who both 
 died unmarried. 
 
 Edward, First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 After LELY. 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In a Cuirass with Red Sash. Holding a Baton. Left 
 Hand on the Mouth of a Cannon.)
 
 187 
 George, Sixth Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By BEACH. 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (In a Trinity College Gown, over a Green Coat. Standing 
 by a Pillar. View of Trinity College in Background.) 
 
 7jy3 Born, *5&3 Died, 1818. — Second son of 
 John, fifth Earl of Sandwich, by Lady Mary, 
 daughter and heiress of the sixth and last 
 Duke of Bolton. He was born in Wimpole 
 Street ; married in 1804 at the house of Lord 
 Castlereagh, in Upper Brook Street, Lady 
 Louisa Corry, daughter of Armar, first Earl of 
 Belmore. In 1798, he was appointed Deputy 
 Lieutenant for Hunts, and in 1804, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel of the Hunts Volunteers. Lord 
 Sandwich died at Cardinal Gonsalvi's villa, near 
 Rome, in 1818, both he and Lady Sandwich 
 having contracted a sincere friendship with the 
 Cardinal. His remains were brought to England, 
 and interred with those of his ancestors at 
 Barnwell. 
 
 He left issue by his wife, (who survived him
 
 188 
 
 forty- four years), one son, John William, 
 present and seventh Earl, and two daughters ; 
 Lady Harriet, born 1805, married to Bingham 
 Baring, (afterwards Lord Ashburton,) (she died 
 in 1857), and Lady Caroline, born 1810, 
 married in 1831, to Count Walewski, and died 
 in 1834. 
 
 Edward, third Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By CLOSTERMAN. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (Blue Velvet Coat and Coronation Robes. Standing near a 
 Table, on which, is placed his Coronet.) 
 
 Born, 1670. Died, 1729.— The eldest son of 
 Edward, second Earl of Sandwich, by Lady 
 Anne Boyle. Born at Burlington House; 
 married in 1691 Lady Elizabeth Wilmot, 
 daughter of the Earl of Rochester, by whom 
 he had one son, and one daughter. He was 
 Master of the Horse to Prince George of 
 Denmark, Doctor of Laws in the University 
 of Oxford, Lord-Lieutenant and Custos-
 
 189 
 
 Rotulorum of the County of Huntingdon. 
 The Earl of Sandwich died at Burlington, in 
 Yorkshire, but was buried in the family vault 
 at Barnwell. His union with the unprincipled 
 daughter, of an unprincipled father, was a most 
 unhappy one. Noble affirms that his 
 "eccentric" Countess put him in durance vile 
 in his own house, whether on a plea of insanity, 
 or not, does not appear ; but much mystery 
 hangs round her extraordinary proceedings. 
 Tradition still points to an apartment, in the 
 house at Hinchingbrook, as the place of Lord 
 Sandwich's imprisonment, which for many 
 years bore the name of the " Starved Chamber," 
 for it is said the cruel wife denied her husband 
 sufficient food, and would allow no one to have 
 access to him. The dates of these transactions 
 are difficult to identify.
 
 SHIP ROOM
 
 191 
 
 The taking of two French Privateers and 
 all their prizes by the bridgewater and 
 Sheerness Men-of-War. 
 
 By SAMUEL SCOTT. 
 
 Vice- Admiral Anson's Engagement with the 
 French Squadron commanded by M. de la 
 Jonquiere, May, 1747 ; fought twenty- 
 four leagues S. E. of Cape Finisterre. 
 
 By S. SCOTT. 
 
 Engagement between the " Blast," sloop, and 
 two Spanish Privateers. 1745. 
 
 The taking of the Ship " Acapulco " by 
 Commodore Anson, in the South Seas. 1743. 
 
 By S. SCOTT.
 
 192 
 
 Battle of Southwold Bat, where the first 
 Earl of Sandwich perished, May 28, 1 672. 
 
 By W. VAN DE VELDE. 
 
 A case hangs near this picture, containing 
 miniatures by Cooper, of Edward, first Earl of 
 Sandwich, and Jemima his wife ; also a frag- 
 ment of a Bibbon of the Order of the Garter, 
 and the watch ; both of which were found on 
 the body of Lord Sandwich, when washed 
 ashore. 
 
 Engagement between the Ships "Lion" and 
 " Elizabeth," 1745. 
 
 By S. SCOTT. 
 
 This desperate, and sanguinary engagement 
 was fought on the 9th of May, 1745. The 
 " Lion " had fifty-eight guns, and four hundred 
 and forty men, and was commanded by
 
 193 
 
 Captain Piercy Brett. The " Elizabeth," a 
 sixty-four gun ship, was convoying another, of 
 sixteen guns, with the Pretender on board. 
 They fought for five hours, within pistol shot 
 of each other, during which time, the frigate, 
 with the Pretender on board, managed to make 
 her escape. The "Elizabeth" also at length, 
 effected her entrance into Brest Harbour. She 
 had £400,000 on board, for the use of Charles 
 Edward. The " Lion," unable to pursue, lay a 
 complete wreck on the water. 
 
 Evening. A Calm. English Man-of-War 
 
 AND SMALL CRAFT CRUISING. 
 
 By VAN DE VELDE. 
 
 A Sketch for the Engagement in Southwold 
 
 Bay. 
 
 w. van de velde. 
 
 Three Sketches of the Engagement between 
 the "Lion" anh "Elizabeth."
 
 DINING ROOM.
 
 195 
 Louis XIV., King of France 
 
 By MIGNARD. 
 
 Born, 1638. Died, 1715.— The son of Louis 
 XIII. , by Anne of Austria, who was Regent 
 during her son's minority, though the real 
 power was vested in Cardinal Mazarin. In this 
 prelate's lifetime, the King himself interfered 
 little in public affairs, but at his death, in 1661, 
 Louis determined to be his own Prime Minister. 
 He married Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip 
 IV., King of Spain. His reign was brilliant in 
 arts, commerce, and arms, but disgraced by 
 immorality. 
 
 As regards the exterior of the "Great 
 Monarch," his sister-in-law, (the Duke of 
 Orleans' second wife, a Princess of Bavaria,) 
 thus describes him: "Personne n'avoit un si 
 beau port, un aspect noble, la voix tres agreable, 
 et des manicres aisdes. Quand il etoit dans la 
 foule, on n'avoit pas besoin, de demander qui 
 etoit leRoi."
 
 196 
 
 Henry William, First Marquis of 
 Anglesey, K.G.: 
 
 By the HON. HENRY GRAVES. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (In Uniform, as Colonel of the Seventh Hussars.) 
 
 Born, 1768. Died, 1854.— Henry William 
 Paget, the eldest child of the first Earl of 
 Uxbridge, by the eldest daughter of Arthur 
 Champagne, Dean of Clonmacnoise. Lord 
 Paget was educated at Westminster, and Christ 
 Church, and in 1793, he raised a regiment 
 among his father's tenantry, (the 80th Regiment 
 of Poot, or Staffordshire Volunteers,) afterwards 
 eminently distinguished in foreign service. At 
 the head of his own regiment, Lord Paget 
 joined H.R.H. the Duke of York in Flanders, 
 and soon gave proofs of skill, and gallantry. 
 At Turcoing, he was remarkable for his "dashing 
 bravery," and in the memorable retreat of Bois- 
 le-duc, which took place under great difficulties,
 
 197 
 
 and during intensely cold weather, Lord Paget, 
 then only twenty- six years of age, gained great 
 honour, and replaced Lord Cathcart at the head 
 of the Brigade, during that nobleman's tem- 
 porary absence. After several exchanges, and 
 promotions, he was appointed to the command 
 of the seventh Light Dragoons, which was 
 stationed at Ipswich with other bodies of cavalry, 
 for drill. Here he laid the foundation of that 
 system of discipline, which brought about an 
 entire reform in cavalry practice. In 1790-6, 
 he sat in Parliament. 
 
 In 1799, he accompanied the Duke of York 
 to Holland, where he again distinguished him- 
 self, on several occasions. He became a Major- 
 General in 1802, and a Lieutenant-General in 
 1808. Towards the end of this year, he was 
 ordered to Spain, with two Brigades of cavalry, 
 where he remained until the autumn of 1809, 
 having reaped fresh laurels, in innumerable 
 engagements. On his return, a piece of plate 
 was presented to him, by the Prince Regent, 
 the Duke of Cumberland, and the inscribed 
 officers of the Hussar Brigade, who served 
 under Lord Pa^et, " in token of their admira-
 
 198 
 
 tion of his high military acquirements, and of 
 the courage, and talent, constantly displayed in 
 leading the Hussars to victory against the 
 French cavalry,during the Peninsular Campaign 
 of 1808." 
 
 He sate in the House of Commons, till 1812, 
 when the death of his father, removed him to 
 the Upper House. In 1815, he was employed 
 with the troops assembled in London, to quell the 
 Corn Bill riots, but he was soon appointed to a 
 nobler office, and left England in command of 
 the cavalry of the Anglo-Belgian army. His 
 name is well known in conjunction with the 
 great day at Waterloo : and well did he sustain 
 "the honour of the Household Troops," which 
 was his rallying cry to his men, in the frequent 
 charges they made, on the enemy. Almost the 
 last shot that was fired wounded our gallant 
 soldier in the knee ; amputation was considered 
 necessary, and the leg that was ever in 
 advance, was buried with honour, in a garden 
 at Waterloo. 
 
 Five days after the battle, he was raised to 
 the Marquisate, by the title of Anglesey. He 
 was also created Knight of many Orders, both
 
 199 
 
 British, and foreign. He rode as Lord High 
 Steward, at the Coronation of George IV., 
 became a Privy Councillor, was twice Lord 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, where he was deservedly 
 popular. He held several high posts under 
 Government at home, and at his death was the 
 only Field Marshal in the English Army, with 
 the exception of Her Majesty's Consort, and her 
 uncle. 
 
 "It was the peculiarity," was said of Lord 
 Anglesey, " of his frank nature to make itself 
 understood ; it might almost be said his cha- 
 racter could be read off at sight ; he was the 
 express image of chivalry. His politics w r ere 
 so liberal, as to be called radical in those days, 
 for he was in the advance of his age ; but the 
 measures which were then opposed have since 
 been extolled, and carried, such as Catholic 
 Emancipation, Ileform, Eree Trade, etc. He 
 was not a ' speaker,' and could not talk well, of 
 what he did well." His administration of the 
 Ordnance Department, was remarkable for its 
 scrupulous justice, and he was always the 
 soldier's true friend. 
 
 On the death of the Duke of Gordon, King
 
 2(30 
 
 William IV. offered Lord Anglesey the 
 command of the Scots Fusilier Guards. He 
 sought an interview with the King, and after 
 warmly expressing his gratitude, he added: "I 
 am sure that in naming me to this honour, 
 your Majesty has not borne in mind, the fact 
 that Lord Ludlow lost an arm in Holland, at 
 the head of this regiment." The King was 
 delighted with this proof of generosity, and 
 Lord Ludlow had to thank his comrade, for the 
 regiment. 
 
 Till past three score, Lord Anglesey retained 
 a wonderful share of vigour, and activity, in 
 spite of the loss of his limb, and the terrible 
 nervous sufferings entailed thereby. In his 
 last moments the ruling passion showed itself, 
 for when his mind wandered for a few moments, 
 the gallant veteran would enquire what brigade 
 was on duty, and he appeared relieved, when 
 they answered it was not his own. His death 
 was serene ; his bedroom, and the one adjoining 
 crowded by relatives, and his last words to them 
 were cheering. 
 
 Lord Anglesey married first in 1795, Lady 
 Caroline Yilliers, daughter of the Earl of Jersey,
 
 201 
 
 from whom he was divorced. She re-married 
 the Duke of Argyll,. and died in 1835. By his 
 first wife he had three sons, of whom the eldest 
 succeeded him, and five daughters. His second 
 wife was the daughter of Earl Cadogan, 
 whose marriage with Lord Cowley had been 
 dissolved. She died in 1853 : by whom he had 
 three sons and three daughters, of whom the 
 second, became the Countess of Sandwich. 
 
 This portrait was painted by Lord Anglesey's 
 nephew, the Hon. Henry Graves. 
 
 William, Duke of Cumberland '. 
 
 By SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (In the Robes of the Garter. Standing by a Table. River, 
 Bridge, and Castle in the Background.) 
 
 Born, 1721. Died, 1765.— The third son of 
 George II., King of England, by Carolina 
 Wilhelmina, daughter of the Margrave of
 
 202 
 
 Auspach. la 1743, he was wounded by the 
 side of his father, at the Battle of Dettingen ; 
 he was unsuccessful at Eontenoy. His name 
 is ever coupled with the discomfiture of 
 Charles Edward's forces in Scotland, and their 
 entire defeat, at the Battle of Culloden. He 
 gained a name for severity, and cruelty, during 
 this campaign, and is still remembered in the 
 north as " Billy the Butcher." 
 
 This fine portrait was presented by H.B.H., 
 to John, fourth Earl of Sandwich, with whom 
 he formed a friendship, at the time of the 
 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 
 
 Maria Theresa, Queen of France : 
 
 By MIGNARD. 
 
 Born, 1638. Married, 1660. Died, 1683.— 
 Daughter of Philip IV., King of Spain, by his 
 first wife, Elizabeth of Erance. Mazarin 
 arranged this marriage to ensure peace. The
 
 203 
 
 Duke de Grammont went to Madrid, as Pleni- 
 potentiary in 1659, and thus addressed the 
 King of Spain : " Sire, le Roi mon maitre vous 
 accorde la paix, et a vous, Madame, il offre son 
 coeur, et sa couronne." She accepted both, but 
 was compelled to share the first, with innumer- 
 able rivals. Gentle, modest, loving, and 
 sensitive, she was constantly insulted by the 
 King's favourites ; yet her devotion to him, 
 never wavered, and a kind word from ber royal 
 master, made her happy for the rest of the day. 
 He appointed her Regent, when he went to 
 Holland, but she was not fitted for public life. 
 " To serve God, and honour the King," was her 
 golden rule. Madame d' Orleans, (the German 
 Princess), one of the other few good women of 
 that age, pays her sister-in-law, this tribute : 
 " Elle etoit d'une extreme simplicity en tout ; 
 la femme la plus vertueuse, et la meilleure, du 
 monde. Elle avoit de la grandeur, et elle savoit 
 representer, et tenir sa cour ; elle avoit une foi 
 entiere, et sans reserve pour tout ce que le Hoi 
 lui disoit. Le Roi l'aimoit a cause de sa vertu, 
 et de 1' ardent amour qu'elle lui a constamment 
 conserve, quoiqu'il lui fut infidele." On her
 
 204 
 
 return from an expedition she had made, with 
 her husband to Alsace and Bourgogne, the 
 Queen fell ill and died. " Voila," observed " le 
 Grand Monarque " on that occasion, " le premier 
 chagrin qu'elle m'ait donne." Had she been 
 the survivor, she could not assuredly have paid 
 Louis a similar tribute. 
 
 These two portraits, formed part of the 
 collection of the celebrated " Capability Brown." 
 
 John William , Seventh Earl of Sandwich , 
 
 By LUCAS. 
 
 Born, 1811. Educated at Trinity College, 
 Cambridge ; was Captain of the Corps of 
 Gentlemen-at-Arms, in 1852, and Master of 
 the Buckhounds, 1858-9. Colonel of the Hunt- 
 ingdon Rifle Militia, and High Steward of 
 Huntingdon, Lord Lieutenant and Custos 
 Rotulorum of Huntingdonshire. Married first ; 
 Lady Mary Paget, daughter of the first Marquis 
 of Auglesey, by whom he had four sons and
 
 205 
 
 two daughters, and who died in 1859. He 
 married secondly, Lady Blanche Egerton, 
 daugter of the first Earl of Ellesmere. 
 
 Mrs. Rupert a Howe : 
 
 By WISSING or MYTENS. 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (Standing by a Doric Column. Light Red Riding-dress, em- 
 broidered Petticoat, Long Coat, Waistcoat. Hat in Hand.) 
 
 Born, 1671. Died, 1741.— The natural 
 daughter of Prince Rupert, third son of 
 Frederick, Kino; of Bohemia, " a studious Prince," 
 who heing enraptured with Mrs. Hughes, a 
 beautiful actress, bade adieu to alembics, 
 mathematical instruments, and chemical specu- 
 lations, to subdue the heart of the " impertinent 
 gipsy." At his death the Prince left the whole 
 of his property in trust, with a beautiful estate 
 he had purchased on purpose, for the use, and 
 behoof of Mistress Hughes and their daughter.
 
 206 
 
 Rnperta married Emanuel ScropeHowe, Esq., the 
 second son of John Howe, Co. Gloucester, by 
 Arabella, natural daughter of Emanuel Scrope, 
 Baron Bolton, and Earl of Sunderland, to whom 
 Charles II. granted the precedence of an Earl's 
 daughter, lawfully begotten. The husband of 
 Ruperta was in the army, and rose to the rank 
 of Brigadier-General. He was Groom of the 
 Bedchamber to Queen Anne, and in 1707, went 
 as Envoy to the Court of Hanover. He repre- 
 sented Morpeth, and Wigan, in Parliament, 
 and died in 1709, having had issue three sons, 
 William, Emanuel, and James, and one 
 daughter, Maid of Honour to Caroline, Princess 
 of Wales, (afterwards Queen). She died un- 
 married. This picture is mentioned in Noble, 
 but the painter's name is not given.
 
 207 
 
 John, Fourth Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By JOHN LIOTARD. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (In a Turkish Costume, of Crimson, and Ermine. Green and 
 White Turban, Yellow Slippers. Right Hand extended. 
 Left on Hip.) 
 
 Born, 1718. Died, 1792.— he was the son of 
 Edward, Viscount Hinchingbrook, by Elizabeth 
 Popham. Educated at Eton, and Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, where he distinguished 
 himself. In 1738, he set out on his travels 
 through Italy, Egypt, Turkey, etc., accompanied 
 by some friends, during which time he made a 
 collection of coins, and antiquities, of all kinds, 
 some of which, he presented to the University 
 of Cambridge. He wrote a book of his travels, 
 and on his return to England, took his seat 
 in the House of Lords, and entered on a political 
 life. He spoke remarkably well in Parliament, 
 and in 1744 became a Lord of the Admiralty 
 under the Duke of Bedford, " into whose
 
 208 
 
 favour ' ' says a contemporary with much 
 acrimony, " Lord Sandwich had ingratiated 
 himself, by cricket matches, acting of plays, and 
 intrigues." But Horace Walpole, although he 
 did not appear very friendly to Lord Sandwich, 
 is constantly compelled to do him justice, in his 
 public capacity. " He is a lively, sensible man, 
 and very attentive to busines ; " and on the 
 famous occasion of Wilkes' libel, he again says : 
 "I do not admire politicians, but when they 
 are excellent in their way, give them their due ; 
 no one but Lord Sandwich could have struck a 
 stroke like this." 
 
 In 1746, he was appointed Plenipotentiary 
 to the States General, and again at the Treaty 
 of Aix-la-Chapelle, where he distinguished 
 himself, in such a manner as to recommend him 
 for high offices of trust, on his return to England. 
 It was on this occasion, that at a large inter- 
 national dinner, toasts were passing, and the 
 different Envoys became poetical, as well as 
 loyal in their phraseology. The Frenchman 
 gave ' ; his Royal Master the Sun, who illu- 
 minates the whole world;" the Spaniard "his 
 Master the Moon, scarcely inferior in brilliancy
 
 209 
 
 or influence;" when Lord Sandwich rose, 
 doubtless with the twinkle in his eye, and the 
 lauffkinsf curl round the corners of his mouth, 
 we see in most of his portraits, and toasted with 
 all the honours " his Master Joshua, who made 
 both the sun and moon to stand still." 
 
 During the King's absence from England, 
 Sandwich was chosen one of the Commissioners 
 of Government. He was also Vice-treasurer, 
 Receiver-general, &c, for Ireland, and under 
 the new King George III., was nominated 
 Ambassador to Spain ; but in the same year he 
 succeeded George Grenville as Eirst Lord of the 
 Admiralty. Pew men ever filled that office with 
 more ability, and under his direction the mari- 
 time force of Great Britain, was kept on such a 
 footing as enabled us to meet our numerous foes 
 in every quarter of the globe with honour, and 
 ensured to us the victories we gained over the 
 Erench, Spaniards, and Dutch. Lord Sandwich 
 was world-famed for his regularity, dispatch, 
 and industry in business; it is said that he 
 invented sandwiches in order to take some 
 nourishment without interrupting his work. 
 
 The following lines were written on him and 
 Lord Spencer : —
 
 210 
 
 " Two noble Eaids, whom if I quote, 
 Some folks might call me sinner ; 
 
 The one invented half a coat, 
 The other half a dinner." 
 
 He gained the name of "Jemmy Twitcher," 
 through a curious circumstance. Wilkes and 
 Sandwich had once been friends, hut the former 
 having composed a scurrilous and disloyal poem, 
 the latter was so incensed as to procure a copy 
 and read it aloud, in the House of Lords. Just at 
 this juncture the "Beggar's Opera" was being 
 acted, and when Macheath exclaimed : "But that 
 Jemmy Twitcher should peach, I own surprises 
 me," the chief part of the audience, who were 
 partisans of " Wilkes, and Liberty," burst into a 
 round of applause, applying the passage to Lord 
 Sandwich, who never afterwards lost the 
 soubriquet. 
 
 There are many passages in his life which 
 compel us to agree with his constant censor 
 Horace Walpole, when he says : " Bishop 
 Warburton is at this moment reinstating Mr. 
 Pitt's name in the dedication of a Book of 
 Sermons, which he had expunged for Sandwich's. 
 This nobleman is an agreeable companion, but
 
 211 
 
 one whose moral character, does not exactly fit 
 him to be the patron of sermons." But Mr. 
 Cradock (and none knew him better) in his 
 most amusing reminiscences, tells us, whatever 
 his errors may have been, Lord Sandwich was 
 most severe in the observance of decorous 
 language, and behaviour, under his roof. No 
 oath, or profligate word, was ever uttered at his 
 table. The same authority states, that in 
 political life he underwent many persecutions, 
 and bore daily insults, and misrepresentations 
 with the courage of a stoic, without stooping to 
 retaliation. "Others," says Mr. Cradock, 
 " received emoluments, but Lord Sandwich 
 retired without any remuneration, for his 
 services." His public career lasted for more 
 than half a century, when he made Hinching- 
 brook his chief abode. He spoke French 
 and Italian fluently, was acquainted with the 
 German, and Spanish languages, and had a 
 smattering of the oriental tongues. 
 
 In the midst of all his hospiltaity, he was very 
 frugal in his own living, and was much beloved 
 by his dependants, not forgetting Omai the 
 Otaheitan, and the faithful black servant,
 
 212 
 
 Jemmy, who lies buried in Brompton Church- 
 yard, and a characteristic little sketch of whom 
 still exists. An amusing incident occurred re- 
 specting the latter, which is worth recording. It 
 seems that on one occasion, the day after some 
 dramatic representation had taken place at 
 Hinehingbrook, Lord Sandwich enquired at 
 breakfast of a gentleman who was proverbial 
 for cavilling, and finding fault, whether he had 
 been satisfied with the performance. The 
 visitor answered in the affirmative, but in so 
 hesitating a manner, that Lord Sandwich 
 insisted on knowing the fault. " So slight, my 
 Lord, scarcely worth alluding to." "The 
 easier remedied next time." "Well, it only 
 struck me, that the coloured servant in the 
 piece was not sufficiently blackened." The 
 noble host rose silently and rang the bell : 
 enter Jemmy. "Jemmy," says his master, 
 " this gentleman says you are not black 
 enough." "I bery sorry, my Lord, I be as 
 God Almighty made me." 
 
 Miss Burney, in her youth, saw Lord 
 Sandwich, and thus describes him : " He is a 
 tall stout man, and looks as furrowed and
 
 213 
 
 weatherbeaten as any sailor in the Navy ; and, 
 like most of the old set of that brave tribe, he 
 has the marks of good nature, and joviality in 
 every feature." Another contemporary gives 
 him this character : " Slow, not wearisome, a 
 man of sense, rather than of talent ; good- 
 natured, and reliable as to promises. His 
 house was filled with rank, beauty and talent, 
 and every one felt at ease there. The patron 
 of musicians, the soul of the Catch Club [he 
 might have added a proficient on the kettle- 
 drum], although deficient in ear, and knowledge 
 of harmony." He had an engaging manner 
 in private life, which put every one at their 
 ease, although he occasionally tried his friends' 
 patience by a playful bantering, or what Mr. 
 Cradock calls badgering, such as ; "Ladies, 
 here is Cradock says, a man cannot be punctual 
 unless he wears a wig." " No, my Lord, I 
 said a man may be punctual, but his hair 
 dresser may be late, and make him so." 
 
 He dressed well, and looked "noble," but he 
 had a shambling unequal gait. When in Paris 
 he took dancing lessons, and, bidding his 
 master good-bye, told him if ho came to 
 London, he would willingly recommend or serve
 
 214 
 
 hirn. " Ah, milor," said the man, " pray do 
 not say /taught you to dance." 
 
 Lord Sandwich retained his faculties almost 
 to the end, and spoke with great clearness and 
 precision, of all the remarkable public events, 
 of which he had been a witness, in his stirring 
 life. He was an F.Pt.S., a Governor of the 
 Charterhouse, the eldest of the elder Brothers 
 of the Trinity House, and the oldest General 
 in the army. 
 
 In 1740, he married Judith, third daughter 
 of Charles, Viscount Fane, of Basildon, Berks. 
 The marriage was unhappy, and they were 
 separated for several years before her death. 
 Their children were : John, who succeeded him, 
 Edward, William Augustus, and one daughter, 
 Mary. Lord Sandwich died at his house in 
 Hertford Street, May fair, in 1792. 
 
 Edward, First Earl of Sandwich 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 Full Length. 
 
 (In the Robes of the Garter.)
 
 215 
 
 Mariana, Queen Regent of Spain 
 
 By SEBASTIAN HERRERA. 
 
 Full Length. 
 
 (Seated. In a Religious Habit, the Widow's Weeds worn 
 in Spain.) 
 
 Born, 1631. Died, 1696.— The eldest 
 daughter of Ferdinand III., Emperor of 
 Germany, by the daughter of Philip III. , King 
 of Spain. Married Philip IV., in 1649. On 
 her arrival in Spain, as a youthful bride, 
 Mariana's deportment had to undergo severe 
 discipline, from the strict etiquette of the court, 
 and the stern dignity of her royal husband, 
 whom she shocked by the exuberance of her 
 animal spirits, and above all, her immoderate 
 laughter at the sallies of the Court Pool. 
 When admonished on one occasion, she excused 
 herself by saying it was out of her power to 
 restrain her merriment, and that the Jester 
 must be removed, or she must laugh on. 
 Mariana was remarkable for the extravagance
 
 216 
 
 and tawdriness of her dress, as may be seen in 
 the portraits by Velasquez. Her chief beauty 
 consisted in her magnificent hair, which she dis, 
 figured by dressing it, in an outrageous manner, 
 with feathers, flowers, and love knots. At a 
 period when rouge was much worn, the im- 
 moderate use of it, made her " brick-dust 
 cheeks" a ridiculous object, and altogether, 
 says Stirling : " She is far more interesting 
 wearing the widow's weeds, in which she sate to 
 Carreno, and Herrera, than in the butterfly garb 
 in which she flaunts on the canvas of Velasquez." 
 She was as inferior to her predecessor, Isabelle 
 de Bourbon, Philip's first wife, in qualities of 
 mind, as in graces of person. She became a 
 widow ; and Regent of the Kingdom, on the 
 accession of her son Charles II., in 1665. 
 
 Mariana divided her confidence, between her 
 confessor, a German Jesuit, and a gentleman of 
 her household, Valenzuela by name. He was 
 remarkably handsome ; and the Queen Mother 
 made a marriage between him, and one of her 
 German ladies, which established him in her 
 Palace, where he became her chief confidant, 
 and was admitted to her apartments at all
 
 217 
 
 hours, his wife being generally present, to avoid 
 scandal. Mariana's faction was strongly op- 
 posed by Don John of Austria, the late King's 
 natural son, (by the beautiful actress, Maria 
 Calderona.) He was handsome, intellectual, 
 and accomplished, and in military genius alone, 
 was he inferior to his namesake, the hero of 
 Lepanto. His father loved him dearly, but the 
 Queen had contrived to estrange them, some 
 little time before Philip's death. The ups and 
 downs of the struggle between Hon John, and 
 Mariana were never ending : now her star 
 appeared in the ascendant, then the evil repute 
 of her confessor, his inefficiency in business, 
 and the overbearing insolence of Valenzuela, 
 brought down the influence of the Regent to a 
 low ebb. Now at open variance with her 
 husband's son, now consenting with a bad grace 
 to his participation in the Government, and 
 then procuring for him an office at some distance 
 from Madrid, so as to be rid of his immediate 
 presence. 
 
 Don John ruled well, and held a little 
 Court at Saragossa, but he and the Regent 
 were always at variance, and so disgusted were
 
 218 
 
 the people with her government, and that of 
 her favourites, that many clamoured for Don 
 John, while some went so far as to say he was 
 the rightful heir, and that Mariana's and Maria 
 Calderona's infants, had been changed. 
 
 Whether from motives of patriotism or 
 ambition, Don John worked steadily to under- 
 mine the Regent's power, and the vanity and 
 ostentation of Valenzuela contributed un- 
 consciously to the same end. He was generally 
 supposed to be a spy, and was called the 
 Queen's " Duendo." * At tournaments he 
 wore the Queen Mother's colours of black and 
 silver, with many ostentatious mottos, which 
 seemed to insinuate the high favour, in which 
 he stood with that Royal Lady. One day, 
 when the Court were hunting near the 
 Escurial, the King shot at a stag, and wounded 
 Valenzuela in the thigh, whereat Queen 
 Mariana shrieked, and fell senseless. On this 
 " hint" many spake, especially Don John, and 
 his party, who told the King plainly, that he 
 and Spain were not only governed by the 
 Regent, but by her paramour. The King went 
 
 * Wizard or Familiar.
 
 219 
 
 to Buen Betiro, and denied himself to his mother, 
 who was desired to leave Madrid ; Valenzuela 
 was arrested, his wife and children shut up in 
 a convent, and the "handsome, vain, well- 
 dressed courtier, with his fine curling locks, 
 who had considered many of the nobles of 
 Spain beneath his notice," was sent off to the 
 Philippine Islands. Don John came into power, 
 and Mariana had a small Court, which was 
 little better than a prison, at Aranjuez, where 
 Madame d'Aulnoy visited her. She was dressed 
 in the manner of this portrait, served on the 
 bended knee, and waited on by a hideous little 
 dwarf, clothed in gold and silver brocade. Don 
 John's government was no sinecure ; cabals 
 were rife, and he died so suddenly that it was 
 currently reported that he had been poisoned, 
 at Mariana's instigation. Be that as it may, 
 no sooner was the death of Don John announced, 
 than the King went off to his mother, in person, 
 and insisted on her return to Madrid. 
 
 Charles II. had just married his second wife, 
 an alliance which Mariana had supported from 
 the beginning. But she did not long survive ; 
 shortly after the Peace of Byswick, died
 
 220 
 
 Mariana of Austria, Queen Mother of Spain ; 
 her death was supposed to have been hastened 
 by her reluctance to consult the physicians, 
 although her health had been failing for some 
 time past. 
 
 This interesting portrait, together with that 
 of her son, King Charles II., was presented by 
 the Queen Mother, then Regent, to Edward, 
 first Earl of Sandwich, when Ambassador, to 
 the Court of Madrid, in 1666. 
 
 Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (Seated, leaning on a Table, resting her Head on her Hand. 
 Wears a White Satin Dress, trimmed with Blue, and Pearls.) 
 
 Born, 1640. Died, 1709.— The only child of 
 William Villiers, Viscount Grandison, by Mary, 
 third daughter of the first, and sister and 
 co-heiress of the second Viscount Bayning. 
 
 Lord Grandison, of whom Clarendon gives an
 
 221 
 
 exalted character for piety, loyalty, and valour ; 
 died in 1643, at Oxford, (of a wound which he had 
 received a few weeks before, at the siege of 
 Bristol), leaving a widow of 18, who five years 
 afterwards, was re- married to Charles Villiers, 
 Earl of Anglesey, cousin-german to her first 
 husband. She did not long survive, and at her 
 death, left her beautiful daughter to the step- 
 father's care. It was under Lord Anglesey's 
 roof, that Barbara passed her early years, and we 
 hear of her, on her first arrival in London, 
 dressed in " a plain and countrified manner," 
 but this fashion was soon changed for the last 
 " mode" of the town, and her surpassing beauty 
 made her the object of general admiration. At 
 the age of 16, the precocious coquette had already 
 captivated Philip Stanhope, second Earl of 
 Chesterfield, a young widower, who had just 
 returned from his travels, and succeeded to his 
 title, and property — " a beauty, a wit, a duellist," 
 and according to Swift, " the greatest knave in 
 England." His correspondence with Barbara, 
 and her confidante and cousin, Lady Anne 
 Hamilton (which was found in the Library of 
 Bath House, in 1869), breathes the most ardent
 
 222 
 
 passion, which did not however, interfere with 
 his being: called three times in Church, the same 
 year, with the daughter of Lord Fairfax, (who 
 subsequently married George, Duke of Buck- 
 ingham). 
 
 So early in life had Barbara embarked in a 
 career of guilt, and artifice, that in spite of her 
 liaison with Chesterfield, she threw her spells 
 to such purpose round Master Roger Palmer, 
 student of the Middle Temple, second son of Sir 
 James Palmer, of Hayes, Middlesex, that the 
 misguided youth married her in spite of the 
 paternal prohibition. But the young wife did 
 not break off her connection with her former 
 lover, and not long after her marriage, she writes 
 to Chesterfield, in a most affectionate manner, 
 speaking of her recovery from the small-pox, 
 and alluding to "Mounseer's" (Mr. Palmer) 
 jealousy, and how "he is resolved never to 
 bring me to towne again." Lord Chesterfield, 
 in consequence of killing a young man in a 
 duel, was compelled to fly the country, and he 
 took refuge at Paris, at the Court of the Queen 
 Mother (Henrietta Maria), and afterwards joined 
 the English King, at Breda, where he solicited,
 
 223 
 
 and received the royal pardon, and returned to 
 England with Charles on his restoration : all 
 the time he was on the continent, keeping up 
 his correspondence with his adored Barbara. 
 
 There exists great difference of opinion, as to 
 the date of the first meeting between the King, 
 and Mistress Palmer, but there seems little 
 doubt that the favourite's reign began on 
 Charles's eventful day, the 29th of May, 1660. 
 Mr. Palmer, now a member of Parliament, had 
 a house in King Street, Westminster, close to 
 the Palace, as also to the lodgings of the Earl of 
 Sandwich, whose housekeeper, "Sarah," sup- 
 plied his lordship's cousin, and daily visitor, Mr. 
 Pepys, with abundant gossip. The far-famed 
 diary abounds in anecdotes of Barbara, praises 
 of her beauty, aletrnating with blame of her 
 conduct, but every word shewing the fascination 
 she exercised over the writer. The Earl of 
 Anglesey died in 1660-61 : and about the same 
 time a daughter was born to Mistress Palmer, 
 which was the occasion of much scandal, [Roger 
 Palmer was now raised to the title of Earl of 
 Castlemaine, and Baron Limerick]. In 1662 
 Charles II. married Catherine of Braganza, but
 
 224 
 
 " Sarah " informed Pepys, that the King supped 
 every night in the week preceding his nuptials, 
 with Lady Castlemaine : "Likewise, when the 
 whole street was aglow with bonfires, the night 
 of the Queen's arrival, there was no fire at my 
 lady's door." On the birth of a second child a 
 dreadful altercation took place between the 
 husband, and wife, but the feud was ostensibly 
 a religious one, for Lord Castlemaine, who had 
 lately embraced the Roman Catholic faith, 
 caused the infant to be baptized by a Popish 
 Priest. Madam was furious, and, as usual, 
 victorious in her struggles, and a few days 
 afterwards "Charles" was re-baptized by a 
 Protestant Minister, in the presence of his god- 
 fathers, the King, Lord Oxford, &c. Shortly 
 after this event, Lady Castlemaine left her lord, 
 carrying with her all her plate, and valuables. 
 "They say" writes Pepys, " that his Lordship 
 is gone to France, to enter a Monastery." 
 
 On the appointment of the Ladies of the 
 Bedchamber to the Queen, Lady Sandwich was 
 justified in her fear, " that the King would 
 still keep in, with Lady Castlemaine." A great 
 commotion occurred, in the old Palace of
 
 225 
 
 Hampton Court. The Queen had never men- 
 tioned the favourite's name ; therefore Charles 
 hoped she was ignorant of her rival's existence ; 
 but when the list of the proposed Ladies of the 
 Bedchamber, was submitted to her Majesty, 
 Catherine deliberately pricked out the name of 
 my Lady Castlemaine, which much disturbed 
 her husband. By the King's command, Lord 
 Clarendon, sorely against his inclination, waited 
 on Her Majesty, to try and induce her to cancel 
 her refusal, but the Queen "was much dis- 
 contented with her husband," and declared 
 that rather than submit to the insult, she would 
 desire to return to her own country. Lady 
 Castlemaine through an artifice however, ap- 
 proached her Boyal mistress, and kissed her 
 hand ; who, on discovering the trick, fell into a 
 swoon, and was carried from the apartment. 
 The King was furious ; the Queen for a while 
 appeared inflexible, but Charles gained his 
 point in the end, for after some time had elapsed, 
 Barbara's appointment was confirmed, and from 
 that time forth, the Queen, by some strange 
 persuasion, or obedience to the King's orders, 
 treated her rival with familiarity, and confidence ;
 
 226 
 
 " was," says Pepys, " merry with her in public, 
 and in private used nobody more friendly." 
 But then, according to the same authority, " the 
 Queen is a most good lady, and takes all, with 
 the greatest meekness that may be." 
 
 The syren seems indeed to have bewitched 
 every one, Dryden himself did not disdain to 
 write a poem in her honour. On one occasion 
 the Countess had a violent altercation, with "la 
 belle Stewart," Maid of Honour, who had excited 
 her jealousy, and the King, taking part against 
 her, the imperious lady walked off to her uncle's 
 at Richmond, whither Charles soon followed 
 her, on pretence of hunting, but really to ask 
 pardon. Not long after, however, Pepys saw 
 her on horseback, with the King, the Queen, 
 Mistress Stewart, etc. ; but he thought the King 
 looked coldly on her, " and when she had to 
 'light, nobody pressed to take her down, but her 
 own gentleman, and she looked, though hand- 
 some, mighty out of humour, and had a yellow 
 plume in her hat." A report reached the 
 Queen's ears, that Barbara had turned Papist, 
 but though a zealot in her religion, Catherine 
 " did not much like it, as she did not believe
 
 227 
 
 it was done for conscience sake." Perhaps her 
 Majesty agreed, with the learned Divine who 
 said that " if the Church of Rome had got no 
 more by Lady Castlemaine, than the Church of 
 England had lost, the matter was not much." 
 
 A curious, and unpleasant adventure befell 
 Lady Castlemaine, in the Park, returning from 
 a visit to the Duchess of York at St. James's 
 Palace, attended only by her maid, and a little 
 page. She was accosted by three gentlemen in 
 masks, who upbraided her in the strongest 
 language, and reminded her that the mistress 
 of Edward IV. had died of starvation, on a 
 dunghill, abandoned by all the world. The 
 infuriated and terrified beauty no sooner reached 
 home, than she swooned ; the King ran to the 
 rescue, ordered the gates of the Park to be shut, 
 but it was too late — several arrests were made, 
 but no discovery ensued. 
 
 In the year of the Plague, the Court being 
 at Oxford, Lady Castlemaine gave birth to a 
 son, at Merton College. The lady and the 
 Kins had hisrh words on the occasion of the 
 Duke of Buckingham being sent to the Tower, 
 she speaking up boldly, in his behalf, Charles
 
 228 
 
 saying she was a jade that meddled in matters 
 she had nothing to do with ; she retorting 
 that he was " a fool to suffer his business to be 
 carried on by fools," and so forth. But before 
 five days had elapsed the Duke was at liberty. 
 Lady Castlemaine was a determined enemy to 
 Chancellor Clarendon, and she had declared in 
 the Queen's chamber, she hoped to see his head 
 upon a stake to keep company with those of the 
 Regicides, and there is no doubt she was in- 
 strumental in procuring the downfall of the 
 King's "faithful and able adviser." Gambling 
 was another vice in which Barbara indulged, 
 and Pepys tells us she won £15,000, one night, 
 and lost £25,000 another. But her favour was 
 on the wane : she was libelled, and abused, and 
 the King was weary of her, and it was reported 
 that he had given her large sums of money and 
 a fine house, (the residence of the Earls of 
 Berkshire, on the south-west corner of St. 
 James's Street,) merely to get rid of her. Yet 
 she still ruled him in many points, and she 
 made great friends with the Duke and Duchess 
 of York, while one of her violent hatreds was 
 against the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant
 
 229 
 
 of Ireland, because he would not confirm the 
 grant of Phoenix Park, a house near Dublin, 
 which the King had promised her. Meeting 
 him in one of the royal apartments, she fell 
 upon him with a torrent of abuse, and ended 
 by expressing a hope that she might live to see 
 him hanged. His Grace replied with calm 
 dignity, " he was in no haste to shorten her 
 days ; all he wished was to live, to see her old." 
 In 1670, Barbara, Countess of Castlemaine, 
 was created Baroness Nonsuch, Countess of 
 Southampton, and Duchess of Cleveland, in the 
 Peerage of England, with the Palace and Park 
 of Nonsuch, in Surrey, and an enormous increase 
 of income : so that as far as pecuniary ad- 
 vantages went, the King was still sufficiently 
 under her spell, to comply with her exorbitant 
 demands. John Churchill, (afterwards the great 
 Duke of Marlborough,) when a Court Page 
 attracted the attention of Barbara. She lavished 
 gifts upon him, procured him the post of Groom 
 of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York, and 
 obtained his promotion in the army. But in 
 later years when her beauty had passed away, 
 and her favour at Court, the man who had
 
 230 
 
 risen by her influence, refused to speak a word 
 in her behalf, respecting the renewal of her 
 ill-paid pension. The last grant made to the 
 Duchess of Cleveland, and to the Earl of 
 Nothumberland, for their lives, was the Ranger- 
 ship of the honour, and manor of Hampton 
 Court ; but the lodge in Bushy Park was not 
 habitable. It was about this time, that Barbara 
 went to Prance, her name appearing as a liberal 
 patroness to the Convent of the Blue Nuns, in 
 the Paubourg St. Antoine (where she had placed 
 her daughter Barbara), and other religious 
 houses. 
 
 In 1678 occurred the episode, with the 
 English Ambassador, to which we have alluded 
 in the notice of the Duke of Montagu, when 
 Barbara on her return from London, found that 
 her own daughter, the Countess of Sussex, had 
 supplanted her, in the favour of that fickle 
 nobleman. In 1694, she was living in Arlington 
 Street, Piccadilly, and received as a companion 
 a certain Madame De la Riviere, one of the 
 daughters and co-heiresses of Sir Roger Manley, 
 Bart., a woman of no reputation, save as the 
 authoress of some inferior literary productions ;
 
 231 
 
 who after a stormy friendship, repaid her 
 patroness's hospitality by contriving a clan- 
 destine marriage for her eldest son, the Duke 
 of Southampton, with the daughter of Sir 
 William Pulteney, a match very much dis- 
 approved by his mother. 
 
 Lord Castlemaine died in 1705. After his 
 separation from his wife, as far back as 1662, 
 his life was eventful ; he travelled far, fought 
 at Solebay, was twice sent to the Tower, went 
 as Ambassador to Rome, was the author of 
 several political pamphlets, and in fact 
 " meddled a little in everything around." 
 Pour months after his death, his widow married 
 the celebrated "Beau" Peilding, the widower 
 of two heiresses, viz. , the only daughter of Lord 
 Carlingford, and the only daughter of the 
 Marquis of Clanricarde, widow of Viscount 
 Muskerry, and of Robert Villiers, Viscount 
 Purbeck. Both ladies died without children, 
 and the Beau at the time of his marriage with 
 Duchess Barbara, was a man of desperate 
 fortune, and character. He ill-treated his wife, 
 who was most generous to him, and would have 
 divested her of all her property, had not her
 
 232 
 
 sons stood by her. Fortunately, for her Grace, 
 it was discovered that the Beau had already, 
 but a few days before his marriage with her, 
 espoused a certain Mary Wadsworth, who had 
 been palmed off upon his credulity, as a widow 
 of enormous wealth. He was tried, and found 
 guilty of bigamy, Barbara being in court 
 during the trial, and the marriage was pro- 
 nounced null, and void. 
 
 She passed the remainder of her life at 
 Chiswick, where she died of dropsy in the 
 sixty-ninth year of her age, 1709. She left a 
 considerate will, and gave strict orders concern- 
 ing her funeral, desiring to be buried at the 
 parish church. Her pall was borne by six 
 Peers of the realm. Barbara's three sons were 
 the Duke of Cleveland and Southampton, the 
 Duke of Grafton, and the Duke of Northumber- 
 land ; the first and last titles became extinct. 
 Her daughters were the Countess of Sussex, 
 the Countess of Lichfield, " a blameless beauty," 
 and Lady Barbara Fitzroy, (disowned by the 
 King, and supposed to be the daughter of John 
 Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough), 
 who took the veil, and died as Prioress of a 
 
 Q
 
 233 
 
 convent in France. Bishop Burnet, in speaking 
 of Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland, says : " She 
 was a woman of great beauty, vicious, ravenous, 
 foolish, and imperious." Another contemporary 
 says : " She was a great contradiction, un- 
 boundedly lavish, yet sordidly covetous." 
 
 Portrait galleries teem with likenesses of 
 Barbara, at different ages, in different costumes, 
 and " moods." In the celebrated " Bellona " of 
 the Hampton Court Beauties we detect the 
 " arrogant virago " who carried all before her : 
 but in the portrait in question, her beauty is 
 far more captivating from the pensive and 
 languid expression, which softens her brilliant 
 eyes, and smooths the corners of her finely cut 
 but usually severe lips. No wonder, Lord 
 Sandwich was delighted with his present. Pepys 
 does not specify the donor, whether the lady, 
 or the artist; but he says: " My Lady Sandwich 
 showed me, and Mistress Pepys, Lady 
 Castlemaine's picture, at the new house in 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields, finely done, and given 
 my Lord ; " and in another page, he calls it 
 " that most blessed picture."
 
 234 
 
 General Ireton : 
 By dobson. 
 
 Three-quarter Length. 
 
 (Long Hair. Red Doublet. A Cuirass and Sash. Buff 
 Gloves. Eight Hand holding the Sash. Left on 
 his Hip.) 
 
 Born, 1611. Died, 1651. Son of Gervase 
 Ireton, Esq., of Attenborough, Co. Notts. Was 
 a gentleman-commoner, at Trinity College, 
 Oxford. Destined for the bar ; but the Civil 
 War breaking out, he obtained a commission in 
 the Parliamentary Army. In 1645 he married 
 at Norton, near Oxford, Bridget, the eldest 
 daughter of Oliver Cromwell, by whom he had 
 one son, and four daughters. In 1649 he was 
 appointed one of the King's judges, and signed 
 the warrant for his execution. He was a man 
 of undoubted courage, and distinguished him- 
 self in numerous engagements, more especially at 
 the battle of Naseby. His views were violently 
 republican, but his integrity stern and uncom-
 
 235 
 
 promising ; no mercenary motives influenced 
 him. Eleven years the junior of Cromwell, 
 and his son-in-law, he dared to differ with 
 him, and to expostulate boldly when he 
 disapproved of the Protector's conduct. After 
 the battle of Worcester he was offered pecu- 
 niary remuneration, with several other mem- 
 bers of the Parliamentary Army, but he 
 was disinterested enough to refuse £20,000, 
 and to tell the government roundly, he should 
 be more content to see them paying off the 
 debts they had incurred, than thus disposing 
 of the public money. It was thought that his 
 appointment as Lord Deputy in Ireland, was 
 intended by the Protector to remove him from 
 all possibility of interference with his own 
 proceedings ; and there seems little doubt that 
 Ireton, shortly before his death, had con- 
 templated crossing the Channel to speak face 
 to face with his father-in-law, in reference to 
 many measures he disapproved. But he was 
 suddenly seized, and carried off by the Plague, 
 during the siege of Limerick in 1651, 
 
 Ireton was held in great esteem by his party 
 and his comrades, and it w r as said of him that
 
 236 
 
 he grafted the soldier on the lawyer, and the 
 statesman on the saint. Cromwell was much 
 affected at his death, and caused the body to be 
 brought over, and deposited with great pomp in 
 Westminster Abbey, in Henry VII. 's Chapel. 
 At the Restoration however, the body was dug 
 up, and hung upon a gibbet at Tyburn. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of 
 England : 
 
 By WALKER. 
 Half-Length : Oval. 
 
 (In Arnionr, with a Plain Falling Collar.) 
 
 Born, 1599. Died, 1658.— The only surviv- 
 ing son of Robert Cromwell, by Elizabeth 
 Stewart : born in Huntingdon, named after his 
 uncle, Sir Oliver Cromwell, of Hinchingbrook, 
 where he passed many of his earlier days. 
 Numerous stories are told, (some ridiculed, some 
 generally believed,) of Oliver's infancy, and
 
 237 
 
 boyhood. It is said that on one occasion he was 
 snatched from his cradle by a monkey, who 
 jumping out of the window, scampered over 
 the roof of Hinchiugbrook, to the consternation 
 of the family, who stood watching the beast, 
 with great anxiety. Whether or not the 
 monkey felt, that he bore in his arms the future 
 ruler of England, the chronicler does not affirm, 
 but he goes on to relate, that the fears of the 
 relatives were soon appeased by seeing the baby 
 safely restored to his cradle, by the conscientious 
 ape !' Another incident connected with Hinch- 
 ingbrook was more currently believed, viz., that 
 Charles L, when a boy, visited Sir Oliver, on 
 his road from Scotland to London. The good 
 knight sent for his nephew to help him entertain 
 the Prince, which he did by disputing violently 
 with his Royal Highness : a quarrel ensued, 
 and Oliver, being the strongest of the two, 
 caused Charles's blood to flow, an ominous 
 presage of after times. We do not know how 
 Sir Oliver visited his nephew's outbreak, but he 
 was a staunch cavalier, and supported the 
 Ptoyalists till his death. 
 
 Oliver, when a school-boy, was wilful, and
 
 238 
 
 wayward, and fond of wild and sometimes 
 coarse jests. One Christmas night, the revels 
 at Hinchingbrook were interrupted by some 
 unseemly pranks of his conceiving, which called 
 down upon him, a sentence from the Master of 
 Misrule that Sir Oliver ordered into immediate 
 execution, viz., that the young recreant should 
 be subjected then, and there, to a severe ducking 
 in one of the adjoining fishponds. "When still 
 a school-boy, another anecdote is told of Oliver; 
 that on awaking from a short sleep, one hot 
 day, he electrified his schoolfellows with the 
 description of a dream, he had had. How a 
 woman of gigantic stature had appeared at the 
 side of his bed, and slowly undrawing the 
 curtains, had announced to him that some day, 
 he would be the greatest man in England — the 
 word "King" did not however pass her lips. 
 The young visionary was rewarded for this lie, 
 (as it was considered) by a severe flogging. A 
 better authenticated story is told of his rescue 
 from drowning, by one Johnson, a citizen of 
 Huntingdon, of whom General Cromwell 
 enquired (when in after years, he marched 
 through his native toAvn, with the army) if he
 
 239 
 
 remembered the circumstance: "Yes," was the 
 indignant reply, " and I wish to my heart I had 
 let you drown, rather than to see you in arms, 
 against your King." 
 
 At the age of seventeen, Oliver Cromwell left 
 theGrammar School, at Huntingdon, and entered 
 Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Both as a 
 school-boy and a collegian he distinguished him- 
 self more in athletic sports, than in application 
 to study, and he appears to have led a wild 
 irregular life, according to his own admission, 
 for it is difficult to sift the truth, from the pre- 
 posterous flattery on the one hand, and the 
 unqualified abuse on the other, which charac- 
 terise Cromwell's biographers, according to 
 their political opinions. In recording his own 
 conversion, at the age of twenty years, he says: 
 "Before which time, I hated holiness, and the 
 Word of God." His mother sent him to study 
 at Lincoln's Inn, "where," says Carrington, "he 
 associated with those of the best rank, and 
 quality, and the most ingenious persons, for 
 though not averse to study and contemplation, 
 he seemed rather addicted to conversation, and 
 the reading of men's characters, than to a con-
 
 240 
 
 tinual poring over authors. ' ' On completing his 
 twenty-first year, he married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Sir James Bourchier, of Felsted, in Essex, a 
 kinswoman of Hampden's, who brought him a 
 modest dowry, which she nobly relinquished 
 with the additional money he had settled on 
 her for life, to rescue her husband from pecu- 
 niary difficulties in after years ; a woman of 
 irreproachable life, and unobtrusive manners, 
 who tolerated rather than coveted grandeur, and 
 distinction, an excellent housewife, and a loving 
 help-mate. The newly married pair fixed their 
 residence in Huntingdon, where his mother still 
 lived, and where several children were born to 
 them. 
 
 Cromwell now turned his mind to those 
 studies, and pursuits which paved his way to 
 future greatness. He made his house the refuge 
 for the " disaffected," or the " persecuted " Non- 
 conformist Ministers ; he encouraged them in 
 their opposition, prayed, preached, built a chapel 
 for them, supported them on all occasions, and 
 became so popular, that the chief of his fellow 
 townsmen offered to return him for the Borough, 
 in the next Parliament that was summoned. In
 
 241 
 
 1625 he failed— in 1628 lie was returned as 
 member for Huntingdon, when his cousin 
 Hampden also took his seat. Dr. South describes 
 Oliver's appearance on this occasion, in a manner 
 that caused the Merry Monarch to observe: 
 " Oddsfisli ! that chaplain must be a Bishop ; 
 put me in mind of him, next vacancy." " Who 
 that beheld such a bankrupt, beggarly fellow, 
 as Cromwell, first entering the Parliament House, 
 with a torn, thread-bare coat, and greasy hat 
 (perhaps neither of them paid for) would have 
 believed that in a few years." . . . &c. ? 
 
 After the dissolution of this Parliament, where 
 Hampden, Cromwell, and Pym bore bold testi- 
 mony to their political, and religious faith, Oliver 
 returned to Huntingdon, and afterwards flitted 
 to a small farm, near St. Ives, with his wife and 
 family. Hume says the long morning and after- 
 noon prayers he made, consumed his own time, 
 and that of his ploughmen, and he had little 
 leisure for temporal affairs. A property in, and 
 near Ely, left him by his maternal uncle, deter- 
 mined him to settle in that city, in 1636. In 
 1640 he was returned for Cambridge, by the 
 majority of a single vote. Prom this moment
 
 242 
 
 the history of Cromwell is the history of 
 England, and his acts and all that he did, are 
 written in the chronicles of Clarendon, Hume, 
 and other historians, whose name is Legion. 
 Prom that time, whether in Parliament, or the 
 field, he was in arms against the King, whose 
 execution took place on the 30th of January, 
 1649. But the inscription over the bed on 
 which the Protector lay in state, will assist the 
 memory as to dates. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, etc., born at 
 Huntingdon, was educated in Cambridge, 
 afterwards at Lincoln's Inn. At the beginning 
 of the wars, captain of a troop of horse raised at 
 his own charge. By the Parliament made 
 Commander-in-Chief, he reduced Irelaud and 
 South Wales, overthrew Duke Hamilton's army, 
 and the Kirk's at Dunbar, reduced all Scotland, 
 and defeated Charles Stuart's army, at Worces- 
 ter. He was proclaimed Protector in 1654, and 
 while refusing the title of King, sate on a Chair 
 of State, the only one covered, in that vast 
 assembly, and drove back to his Palace at 
 Whitehall, with more than regal pomp. 
 Thither, keeping up great state, he removed his
 
 243 
 
 aged mother, whose remaining days were 
 embittered by alarm, for her son's safety, his 
 favourite daughter, Mrs. Claypole, from whom 
 he would scarcely ever separate, the gentle and 
 handsome likeness of himself, Mary, etc. 
 
 Hard, cruel, and uncompromising in public 
 life, Oliver was tender, and loving in his 
 domestic relations. He lost two sons, Robert, 
 who died in childhood, Oliver, who fell in 
 battle, a great favourite with his father, 
 who in his last moments alluded to the 
 young soldier's death, "which went as a dagger 
 to my heart, indeed it did." His other children 
 were, Richard, his successor for a short time 
 only; Henry, Lord Deputy of Ireland; Bridget, 
 married first, to General Ireton, and secondly, 
 to Lieutenant-General Fleetwood; Elizabeth, 
 married to Mr. Claypole, his favourite daughter, 
 whose death was supposed to have hastened 
 her father's ; Mary married to Viscount Faucon- 
 berijr ; and Frances married to the Hon. Robert 
 Rich. 
 
 It is almost too well known, to be worthy of 
 writing down, how Cromwell's last days were 
 embittered by suspicion, and distrust of all
 
 244 
 
 around hini, and constant fear of assassination. 
 He died, however, after fourteen days sickness, 
 of ague, "peaceably in his bed," on his 
 "fortunate day," September the Third, the 
 anniversary of the victories of Worcester, and 
 Dunbar, in a storm so tremendous, and so 
 universal, that it reached the coasts of the 
 Mediterranean. The funeral was conducted 
 with more than regal pomp, and splendour, but 
 on the accession of Charles II., the Protector's 
 body was dug up, and hung upon the " Traitor's 
 Tree." 
 
 General Monk : 
 
 By WALKER. 
 
 Half-Lexgth : Oval. 
 
 (In Armour. Long Hair. "White Cravat, tied with large 
 Bow, and Black Ribbon.) 
 
 Born, 1608. Died, 1670. A younger son of 
 Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, Devon. When 
 only seventeen, in consequence of a domestic
 
 245 
 
 quarrel, where (says the Biographie Umverselle) 
 "par exces d'amour filial, il maltraita le sous- 
 sheriff d' Exeter," he went to sea, and afterwards 
 served under the Duke of Buckingham. In 
 1629, he entered one of the English regiments 
 in Holland, where he studied the art of war, 
 with great diligence, and was remarkable for 
 his steadiness, and for the discipline, he 
 maintained among the soldiers, treating them 
 at the same time with great kindness. In 1639, 
 he returned to England. When Charles I., 
 was embarked in that unfortunate war with 
 Scotland, which was the forerunner of terrible 
 disasters, Monk, as Lieutenant-Colonel of 
 artillery, displayed much skill, and courage, 
 though both proved useless ; and he then went 
 to Ireland on promotion. Here he did con- 
 siderable service, was made Governor of Dublin, 
 but Parliament intervening, he was superseded 
 in the office, and on the conclusion of a truce 
 (by the King's commands) with the Irish rebels, 
 he returned to England. On his arrival he 
 found that doubts of his fidelity had been 
 instilled into Charles's mind ; but joining that 
 monarch at Oxford, he soon dispelled them, was
 
 246 
 
 promoted to the rank of Major-General, and sent 
 to relieve Sandwich, where he was taken 
 prisoner, and thence committed to the Tower 
 by the Roundheads. 
 
 His captivity lasted two years, during which 
 time he rejected all overtures, made him by the 
 Protector, and occupied his leisure hours in 
 noting down his observations on military, and 
 political subjects. Cromwell entertained a 
 high opinion of Monk as a soldier, and he 
 offered him the alternative of prolonged im- 
 prisonment, or a command in the Parliamentary 
 army, to march against O'Neill, the Irish rebel. 
 Monk accepted the latter, and behaved in this 
 expedition with his usual courage, and deter- 
 mination ; but he was ill-supported by ' the 
 Government at home, who, as we are told, "had 
 too many irons in the fire," to attend to the Irish 
 war. He was reluctantly compelled to sign a 
 treaty with O'Neill, for which proceeding he 
 was called to account, on his return to 
 England. But the Protector considered his 
 services necessary, and despatched him in 
 command to Scotland, where he again saw 
 much service. Yet in Oliver's mind there
 
 247 
 
 lurked suspicions of Monk's fidelity ; and not 
 long before his death, he wrote to the General 
 saying: "There be that tell me, there is a 
 certain cunning fellow in Scotland, called 
 George Monk, who is said to lie in wait there, 
 to introduce Charles Stuart ; I pray you use 
 your diligence to apprehend him, and send him 
 up to me." 
 
 Monk's proceedings from this time, form part 
 of history, and the share he took in the restora- 
 tion of Charles II., is too well known to be 
 repeated here. Charles called him his father, 
 invested him with the Order of the Garter, 
 created him Duke of Albemarle, Earl of 
 Torrington, and Baron Monk, and appointed 
 him Lieutenant-General of the Forces of the 
 United Kingdom, with a large income. 
 
 In 1653, he married (or acknowledged his 
 marriage with) Anne, daughter of John Clargis, 
 who had long resided under his roof: " A lady," 
 says Guizot, "whose manners were more vulgar, 
 and less, simple, than those of her husband, and 
 who was the laughing-stock, of a witty and 
 satirical court." 
 
 The French historian speaks disparngingly of
 
 248 
 
 the great general, but in the time of the Plague, 
 when the court, and ministers left London, the 
 Duke remained to watch over the necessities of 
 the wretched inhabitants, to save families from 
 pillage, and to alleviate the sufferings of the 
 poor. 
 
 He was afloat in joint command of the fleet 
 with Prince Rupert, when the Great Eire 
 occurred, and the general cry was: "Ah, if old 
 George had been here, this would not have hap- 
 pened." He died in his sixty-second year, leav- 
 ing an enormous fortune to his spendthrift son 
 Christopher, (who died without children), and 
 was buried in Westminster Abbey with great 
 splendour, Charles II. attending his obsequies. 
 
 Guizotsays: "C'etoit un homme capable de 
 grandes choses, quoiqu'il n'eut pas de grandeur 
 dans Fame." His jealousy of his noble colleague 
 Lord Sandwich, bears out the French historian's 
 opinion, in some measure. 
 
 In his last illness, he was much occupied with 
 arranging the alliance of his surviving son, 
 Christopher, (the death of the elder had been a 
 terrible blow to him) with the heiress of the 
 wealthy Duke of Newcastle. The nuptials
 
 249 
 
 were celebrated in his own chamber, and a 
 few days afterwards, George Monk, Duke of 
 Albemarle, expired in his arm-chair, without a 
 groan. 
 
 Charles II., King of England; 
 
 By SIR PETER LELY. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (Standing by a Table, on which are his Helmet and Staff.) 
 
 Born, 1630. Died, 1685.— He was the second 
 surviving son of Charles L, by Henrietta Maria 
 of Prance, born at St. James's Palace, on the 
 29th of May. When only twelve years old was 
 appointed to the command of a troop of horse, 
 his father's Body Guard at York, and sent with 
 the title of General, to serve in the Boyal 
 army when fifteen. After the defeat of Naseby, 
 he went to Scilly, then to Jersey, and in 1646 
 joined his mother, at Paris. He was at the 
 Hague, when the news of his father's death 
 reached him, and he immediately assumed the
 
 250 
 
 title of King. In 1649, he was proclaimed King 
 at Edinburgh. He left Holland, returned to 
 Paris, and thence again to Jersey, where he 
 received a deputation from Scotland, and 
 accepted the Crown offered him by the Presby- 
 terians, under such humiliating conditions, as 
 disgusted him with that sect, for the rest of his 
 life. In 1650, he arrived in Scotland, being 
 compelled to take the Covenant before he landed ; 
 was crowned at Scone on New Year's Day, 1651 ; 
 but marched south, on hearing of the advance of 
 Cromwell, and was proclaimed King at Carlisle. 
 Defeated by Cromwell, at the Battle of 
 Worcester, Charles had a narrow escape, with 
 all the well known incidents of the hiding 
 place in Boscobel Oak, etc. He embarked from 
 Shoreham for Normandy, thence to Paris, 
 Bruges, Brussels. In the latter city he heard of 
 the Protector's death ; then, when at Calais 
 and Breda, he kept up constant communication 
 not only with General Monk, and his own 
 acknowledged partisans, but he also sent 
 addresses to both Houses of Parliament. On 
 the 1st, of May 1660, they voted his restora- 
 tion ; on the 8th, he was proclaimed in London ;
 
 251 
 
 on the 23rd, he embarked from the Hague ; and 
 on the 29th, his thirtieth birthday, he made 
 his public entry into London, amidst the 
 enthusiastic acclamations of the people. In 
 1662, he married Catherine of Braganza, 
 daughter of John IV., King of Portugal, 
 and died at Whitehall, in the twenty-fifth 
 year of his reign. Some say he confessed 
 himself a Roman Catholic ; some that he was 
 a victim to poison. It was his brother's wish 
 to prove the former statement, and several of 
 his contemporaries, including the Duke of 
 Buckingham, believed the latter. The last 
 named nobleman gives apparently an impartial 
 character of the '"Merry Monarch," who was 
 remarkable for contradictions, and inconsist- 
 encies, even above the average, in an inconsistent 
 world. Buckingham says : " His very counten- 
 ance set all rules of physiognomy at defiance, 
 for being of a cheerful and compassionate dis- 
 position, his expression was melancholy, and 
 repelling. He had a wonderful facility in com- 
 prehending trifles, but had too little application 
 to master great matters. Generous, extravagant, 
 lavish in the extreme, he had a reluctance to
 
 252 
 
 part with small sums, and it was often remarked 
 that he grudged losing five pounds at tennis to 
 the very people on whom at other times he 
 would bestow five thousand. Gentle and yield- 
 ing in trifles, he was inflexible in important 
 matters. Profligate in the extreme, weak and 
 capricious, he was, "says the same witness," a 
 civil and obliging husband, a kind master, an 
 indulgent father, and an affectionate [and he 
 might have added, forbearing] brother. Hating 
 the formalities of royalty, he was ready to assert 
 his dignity, when it was necessary to do so. So 
 agreeably did he tell a story, that his hearers 
 never cavilled at its repetition, not through 
 civility, but from the desire to hear it again, as 
 is the case with a clever comedy." 
 
 So far the Duke of Buckingham. We know 
 what his boon companion Rochester, wrote of 
 him, in a provisional epitaph ; perhaps one of 
 the only sallies proceeding from his favourite, 
 that " Old Eowley " did not relish : 
 
 " Here lies onr Sovereign lord the King, 
 Whose word no man relies on : 
 Who never said a foolish thing, 
 And never did a wise one."
 
 253 
 Also Andrew Marvell's satire : 
 
 " Of stature tall and sable hue, 
 Much like the son of Kish, that lofty Jew ; 
 Ten years of need, he lingered in exile, 
 And fed his father's asses, all the while." 
 
 Charles II, King of Spain 
 
 Aged Four Years. 
 
 Br SEBASTIAN HERRERA. 
 
 Full-Length. 
 
 (Long flowing Light Hair. Red Coat, trimmed with Silver. 
 Lace Ruffles. Holding a Truncheon in one Hand, and 
 his Hat in the other. Above him an Eagle, with ex- 
 tended Wings, bearing a Sword. An Angel hovering 
 over the King, holding the Spanish Crown). 
 
 Born, 1661. Died, 1700. Eldest surviving 
 son of Philip IV., by Mariana, of Austria. Suc- 
 ceeded his father, when four years of age. His 
 first wife was Marie Louise, daughter of 
 Philip, Duke of Orleans, by Henrietta Maria of 
 England. Transplanted from the brilliant Court
 
 254 
 
 of France, to the stiff formality of Spain, and the 
 Spaniards, at a time when the jealousy of Prance 
 was so great, that the Mistress of the Probes was 
 said to have wrung her parrots' necks for speak- 
 ing Prench, Marie Louise, the wife of a half 
 idiot King, bore herself wisely and bravely, and 
 during the few short years of her reign, gained 
 an influence for good, over her husband, who 
 loved her dearly. But the mirror which broke 
 to pieces in her fair hands, on the day of her 
 arrival in Madrid, was but too true an omen. 
 She died in the 27th year of her age, a victim to 
 poison (as her mother had been before her), sup- 
 posed to have been administered by the beautiful 
 and infamous Olympia Mancini — at least this 
 was the general belief. Her husband lamented 
 her deeply ; yet he re-married the next year, 
 Anna Maria, daughter of Philip, Count Palatine, 
 of Neuburg, a good-humoured, amiable Princess ; 
 but Charles remained indifferent to her, and so 
 faithful was he to the memory of his first wife, 
 that one of his last acts was to cause the tomb 
 in which she was interred to be opened, while 
 he hung in speechless sorrow, over the embalmed 
 remains of the once beautiful Marie Louise;
 
 255 
 
 and when he looked upon her still comely fea- 
 tures, he exclaimed, with tears, " I shall meet 
 her soon in Heaven." 
 
 "Charles II., of Spain," says Sir William 
 Stirling, " might well be called the Melancholy 
 Monarch in contradistinction to his uncle 
 Charles II., of England, the Merry Monarch." 
 In the early years of his reign, he was in entire 
 subjugation to the Regent-Mother, who at open 
 variance with Don John, and his party, only 
 agreed with him in this, to keep the young 
 monarch under. True it is, the unhappy Prince 
 was ill-suited to his position. Prom his earliest 
 years, he was a martyr to despondency, and 
 detested everything connected with public 
 affairs. His gun, his dogs, and his beads, were 
 his favourite companions. He had a zealous 
 love for art, and artists, but little taste, or 
 knowledge, patronising, and befriending alike 
 the worthy, and the worthless. His paramount 
 favourite, was Luca Giordano, to whose studio 
 he paid frequent visits, and whom he com- 
 manded to remain covered in his presence : a 
 mandate which that self-approving artist, readily 
 obeyed — a contrast to the conduct of the
 
 256 
 
 distinguished Carreno, to whom the young 
 King was one day sitting for his portrait, in 
 the presence of the Queen-Mother. Charles 
 enquired to what order the artist belonged. 
 " To none," was the reply, " except that of your 
 Majesty's servants." The Badge of Santiago, 
 was sent to Carreno that very day, but so great 
 was his diffidence, that he never assumed it. 
 "His portraits of Charles II.," says Stirling, 
 " as a child, have something to please the eye 
 in the pale pensive features, and long fair hair ; 
 the projection of the lower jaw, so remarkable in 
 after life, is scarcely discernible, and there is 
 something pitiful, and touching in the sadness 
 of the countenance, contrasted with the gala 
 suit he wears." Herrera died soon after 
 Charles's accession, but besides Giordano he 
 retained in his service Coello, and Muiioz, and 
 invited Murillo, to remove from Seville, to 
 Madrid. 
 
 He had a magnificent carriage, for himself 
 and his second wife, painted with mythological 
 subjects : he amused himself by building, 
 visiting from one studio to another, and shooting 
 wolves ; while occasionally he misrht be seen,
 
 257 
 
 walking barefoot in the procession at an Auto 
 da Fe. Charles II., without doubt stood on the 
 verge of imbecility, or insanity , and the treatment 
 he endured from those around him, on his death- 
 bed, was sufficient to deaden the small share of 
 intellect that was his portion. In his last days 
 he was tormented, and harassed by questions as 
 to the succession, (he being childless) : and in 
 his dying moments, he was tortured by the 
 frightful ceremony of exorcism, it being 
 currently supposed, or at least affirmed by the 
 superstitious, and cruel, that he was possessed. 
 
 " Thus," says Stirling, "died one of the most 
 unfortunate monarchs, ever cursed by a 
 hereditary crown." 
 
 In the Entrance Hall are Portraits of 
 Kings George II. and George III., by 
 Shackleton and Kamsay, of John, fourth 
 Earl of Sandwich, and of several British 
 Admirals, by Dance.
 
 LORD SANDWICH'S ROOM.
 
 260 
 Omai, the Otaheitan. 
 
 An Engraving. 
 
 He played such a prominent part in the enter- 
 tainments at Hinchingbrook, and had such a 
 curious life of adventure, that a brief notice 
 will scarcely be misplaced. His father was a 
 man of considerable property in Whetea, one 
 of the South Pacific Islands, which had been 
 conquered by a neighbour, and he took refuge 
 in Huaheine, where he died, leaving Omai, and 
 several other children, in a state of poverty, and 
 dependence. Captain Cook tells us, that Captain 
 Eurneaux, visiting these islands, becoming 
 interested in Omai, conveyed him to England, 
 where he became a resident under Lord 
 Sandwich's roof, (John, fourth Earl, then Eirst 
 Lord of the Admiralty.) Captain Cook and 
 Mr. Cradock give the same character of the 
 half savage, " intelligent, indolent, childlike, 
 full of affection, and gratitude to his noble
 
 261 
 
 patron, but cherishing a feeling of revenge 
 towards those of his own countrymen, who had 
 ill-treated his father, and reduced himself to 
 poverty. Lord Sandwich took him about to 
 music meetings, races, etc." " At Leicester," 
 says Mr. Cradock, " he divided public attention, 
 with the Earl of Sandwich when that noble- 
 man played on the kettledrum, his favourite 
 instrument at the music meetings. ' What has 
 become of poor Omai ? ' was the question once 
 asked on some festive occasion. ' Oh,' was the 
 answer, ' I have just left him in the tea room, 
 very happy, gallantly handing about bread and 
 butter, to the ladies.' " Omai was not averse 
 to admiration, and adapted himself curiously 
 to his new life, showing such an aptitude for 
 dancing, among other things, that a lady assured 
 me with a little tuition he would make an 
 excellent partner. On one occasion Lord 
 Sandwich proposed that he should dress a 
 shoulder of mutton, after the fashion of his 
 country, and he proceeded accordingly to dig 
 a hole in the lawn at Hinchingbrook, placed 
 fuel covered with clean pebbles at the bottom, 
 then laid the mutton neatly enveloped in
 
 262 
 
 leaves at the top, and having closed the hole 
 walked constantly round it, observing the sun. 
 The joint was then served at table, and much 
 commended. Having been offered some stewed 
 morella cherries, he jumped up, and assured 
 the society he no more wished to partake of 
 human blood, than they did. One summer's 
 day he entered the breakfast room at 
 Hinchingbrook, in great pain, his hand much 
 swollen, not being acquainted with the word 
 " wasp," he made Dr. Solander, who was 
 present, understand he had been wounded by 
 a "soldier bird," upon which the doctor 
 remarked: "No naturalist could have better 
 described the obnoxious insect." "He was," 
 says Cradock, " naturally genteel, and prepos- 
 sessing, and fond of good clothes, once finding 
 fault with those prepared for him, as being 
 inferior to the quality of the dress, of the same 
 cut the gentleman who sat beside him wore — 
 this was of Genoese, and Omai's of English 
 velvet." So far had he advanced in civilization. 
 The government judged it best, he should return 
 to his own country, lest the natives should 
 suspect us of having made away with him.
 
 263 
 
 Mr. Cradock says he bade him good-bye on the 
 steps of the Admiralty, when the poor fellow- 
 was deeply affected. Captain Cook says his 
 feelings were mingled : " When he talked on the 
 voyage, about England, and his friends, and 
 protectors there, he was much moved, and could 
 scarcely refrain from tears, so full of gratitude 
 was his heart — but when we spoke of his return 
 to his country, his eyes sparkled in the expecta- 
 tion of the reception he should meet with, on 
 account of his superior knowledge, and still 
 more on account of the treasures, with 
 which he was laden." The King, Lord 
 Sandwich, Mr. Bankes (afterwards Sir Joseph), 
 and many other friends, had furnished 
 him with every article, which the sailors' 
 knowledge of the country, made them believe 
 would be acceptable there. In fact, every 
 means had been taken during his abode 
 in England, as also at his departure, to make 
 him the instrument of conveying to the Islands 
 of the Pacific Ocean, an exalted opinion of 
 England's greatness, and generosity. Omai, as 
 may have been conjectured, was very useful to 
 Captain Cook on the voyage out, serving as
 
 264 
 
 interpreter, and mediator, on many occasions, at 
 the Friendly Islands, and elsewhere. On their 
 arrival at Otaheite, several canoes came off, but 
 Omai took no notice of the crews or they of him, 
 neither did they appear to recognise him, as a 
 countryman. At length Ootee, a chief, brother- 
 in-law to Omai, and three or four others, who 
 all knew him before he went to England, came 
 on board. But their meeting was in no wise 
 tender — on the contrary, great indifference was 
 manifested on both sides, till Omai, taking 
 Ootee down into the cabin, displayed his 
 treasures of trinkets etc., but more especially 
 some red feathers, of a few of which, he begged 
 his relative's acceptance. When this was known 
 on deck, the whole state of affairs was changed, 
 and Ootee, who would scarcely speak to Omai 
 before, now begged they might be Tayos (friends) 
 and exchange names — an honour Omai accepted 
 with dignity, and Ootee, in return for the 
 valuable feathers, sent on shore for a hog. Such 
 were the civilities that passed, on our friend's __ 
 return, and it was evident that all the affection 
 was for his property, and not his person. When 
 present at some of the barbarous customs, pre-
 
 265 
 
 valent in these Islands, Omai, by desire of 
 Captain Cook, expostulated with the chiefs on 
 their cruelty with so much spirit, as to incur 
 their displeasure. The gallant commander 
 gives an elaborate account of the dainties pre- 
 pared for him, and some of the ship's crew, when 
 they dined on shore with the two brothers-in- 
 law. Captain Cook endeavoured to persuade 
 Omai to settle at Otaheite, but his wishes turned 
 to Whetea, his native place, where his father 
 had originally held land. The Captain thought 
 he could get it restored to him, if he would 
 make friends with the conquerors, but Omai 
 was a staunch patriot, and refused, begging that 
 he might be reinstated through the intervention 
 of the English arms. No way likely, said Captain 
 Cook, who, however, willing to serve him, 
 sought an interview with the chief men 
 of the Island, to induce them to permit 
 Omai to reside at Huaheine. A grand 
 function took place, when Omai made his offer- 
 ing to the gods, of red feathers, and fine cloth 
 from England ; and a set of prayers dictated by 
 himself, was pronounced, in which his English 
 friends were duly remembered, Lord Sandwich
 
 266 
 
 and Toatee (Cook) in particular. He also told 
 theni of his kind reception in England by the 
 King and his Earees, (nobles), that he had re- 
 turned enriched with all sorts of treasures, that 
 would be useful to his countrymen, etc., and that 
 it was Captain Cook's wish that they should give 
 him a piece of land to build a house, etc. ; and 
 
 that if they would not do so here followed 
 
 some threats, which the Englishman had to dis- 
 avow, and the chiefs were so much edified by the 
 gallant sailor's speech, that one of them assured 
 him, the whole Island was his own, and therefore 
 he could give what portion he pleased, to his friend. 
 The result of all this was, that land was granted, 
 and the ships' carpenters built Omai a house, 
 and laid out, and planted his small garden. He 
 found several relatives at Huaheine, " who did 
 not indeed rob him," says Captain Cook, "but 
 I fear they are scarcely of sufficient influence, 
 to protect him from others." The kind Eng- 
 lishman was under great apprehension, at the 
 danger Omai incurred from being the only rich 
 man in the Island, and he took every precaution 
 he could think of, to ensure his safety, declaring 
 that he would soon revisit the Island, and if
 
 267 
 
 any one had proved an enemy to Omai, he 
 misrht dread the wrath of the British com- 
 mander. All the English treasures were carried 
 on shore, as soon as Omai's house had progressed 
 sufficiently — pots, kettles, dishes, plates, and 
 better still, a box of toys and of fire-works — the 
 latter an object of pleasure, and fear to the 
 inhabitants. But most of the English utensils 
 were useless to him here, and he wisely disposed 
 of them, for hatchets, or other tools. 
 
 Before he sailed, Captain Cook saw Omai 
 settled in his own house, with an establishment 
 consisting of his brother, and eight or nine 
 other men, (no female — Omai was too volatile 
 to choose a wife), and there the English officers 
 were received with hospitality and excellent 
 cheer. Cook made the new householder, a 
 present of several fire-arms, which he coveted, 
 and had the following inscription cut on the 
 house : 
 
 " Georgius Tertius, Rex ; 
 
 2 Novembris, 1777. 
 
 __ f Resolution, Jac. Cook, Pr. 
 
 Names < 
 
 I Discovery, Car. Clerke, Pr.
 
 268 
 
 At four in the afternoon, of the 2nd of 
 November, the two English vessels sailed. 
 "Many of the Natives remained on board, to 
 hear five guns fired, and then took their leave, 
 but Omai lingered, till we were at sea, and then 
 returned in a boat, sent to recover a hawser 
 that had been broken. lie took leave of his 
 English friends, and showed a moody resolution 
 till he approached Captain Cook, to bid him 
 farewell. Then his tears could no longer be 
 suppressed, and he wept the whole time the 
 boat was going ashore." Captain Cook heard 
 from him when the ships were at Whetea ; he 
 sent two men in a canoe to say, that he was 
 prospering and at peace, and that his only mis- 
 fortune consisted in the loss of a goat, who had 
 died in kidding. 
 
 One would gladly have heard something of 
 the latter days of Omai, and can only hope that 
 his state of semi-civilization did not make him 
 discontented, with his life in Otaheite, or 
 obnoxious to its inhabitants. If, as is most 
 probable, the terrible details of his benefactor's 
 murder ever reached him, the grateful heart of 
 Omai must have been wrung with sorrow.
 
 269 
 Count IVulewski. 
 
 Born, 1801. Died, 1868.— He was the son of 
 the Emperor Napoleon I., by a Polish lady of 
 rank. When only nineteen he went on a 
 diplomatic mission to London, to plead the cause 
 of Poland, having inherited from his mother, an 
 enthusiastic love for her country. Charles Greville 
 says in his Diary, that " his agreeable manners 
 and remarkable beauty made him welcome in 
 society ; " and in 1831, he married Lady 
 Caroline Montagu, sister to the Earl of 
 Sandwich. He served for a time, under the 
 Polish flag ; was present at the Battle of Grokow, 
 and was decorated with the National Military 
 Cross. He afterwards obtained a commission 
 in a regiment of Erench Hussars, but before 
 long he laid down the sword to take up the pen. 
 Among his past publications was "Un mot sur 
 la question d'Afrique, et del' alliance Anglaise." 
 He became the editor of the Messager, and wrote 
 a five-act comedy, called ' fc L'Ecole du Monde," 
 which was put on the stage in 1840.
 
 270 
 
 He resumed his diplomatic career in the same 
 year, and was sent to Egypt under the ministry 
 of Thiers ; he also held several appointments 
 under Guizot. 
 
 When Louis Napoleon became President, 
 Walewski attached himself to his cause. In 1849, 
 he went as minister to Florence, and Naples, 
 and in 1854, he came as Ambassador to 
 England, but was recalled to Paris, the ensuing 
 year, to take the portfolio of Eoreign Affairs, 
 vacant by the resignation of M. Drouyn de 
 1'IIuys. In this post his connection with, and 
 knowledge of, England, made him instrumental 
 in cementing the alliance of the two nations. 
 In 1856, he presided as French Plenipotentiary 
 over the Congress of Paris. In 1860, he 
 resigned his post, but was again employed as 
 successor to M. Eould. In 1863, he retired 
 from public life, it was supposed on account of 
 his strong; Polish tendencies. He had the 
 Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, and other 
 decorations. 
 
 He married as his second wife the grand- 
 daughter of Stanislaus Poniatowski, nephew 
 to the last King of Poland. To Prance and its 
 Emperor, he was an irreparable loss.
 
 271 
 William Poyntz, Esquire 
 
 By SIR GEORGE HAYTER. 
 
 Born, 1769. Died, 1840. The last male 
 representative of the ancient family of Poyntz. 
 His grandfather, Stephen Poyntz, was in diplo- 
 macy, and employed on several foreign missions. 
 He married Anna Maria Mordaunt, cousin of 
 the Earl of Peterborough, and Maid of Honour 
 to Caroline, Queen of George II. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Poyntz's care was confided the bringing 
 up, of William, Duke of Cumberland, and a 
 curious picture was painted, according to the 
 taste of the day, in which the Queen presents 
 her son to her ci-devant Maid of Honour, the 
 lady in the garb of Minerva, and the young 
 Prince in the stiff coat and breeches of the 
 period. Mrs. Poyntz's influence at Court stood 
 her once in good stead, when she pleaded in 
 behalf of Lord Cromartie, under sentence of 
 death in the '15, in compliance with a 
 touching appeal from his unhappy wife. The
 
 272 
 
 letter is now in possession of Mrs. Poyntz's 
 great grand-daughter, Mary Boyle. Lord 
 Cromartie's life was spared, though fortune, and 
 title were lost to him. The Queen bestowed as 
 a dowry on Miss Mordaunt, the estate of 
 Midgham, in Berkshire, but the gift is said 
 never to have been paid for, out of the royal 
 purse ! 
 
 Stephen died in 1750, and was succeeded 
 by his son William, who married a daughter 
 and co-heiress of Kelland Courtenay, Esq., of 
 Painsford, Devon, by Elizabeth Montagu, 
 daughter of Viscount Hinchingbrook. They 
 had issue : William Stephen, the subject of this 
 notice, Montagu Mordaunt, who died early in 
 life, and four daughters; Georgiana, married 
 first to Mr. Fawkner, and afterwards to Lord 
 John Townshend ; Louisa, married, as his second 
 wife, to the Hon. George Bridgeman ; Isabella, 
 married to her cousin, the Earl of Cork and 
 Orrery ; and Carolina, married to his brother 
 Captain, the Hon. Courtenay Boyle. William 
 Poyntz was at one time in the Tenth Hussars, 
 and afterwards Captain of the Midhurst 
 Volunteers. In 1796, he sat in Parliament for
 
 273 
 
 St. Albans, and was re-elected in 1802, and 
 1806. In 1807, he was returned for Callington, 
 and again in 1812-18. He represented 
 Chichester from 1823 to 1826, and Ashburton, 
 from 1831 to 1835 ; and then sat for Midhurst, 
 till he resigned, and was succeeded by his son- 
 in-law, Captain the Hon. Frederick Spencer. In 
 politics he was a Liberal in the best sense of the 
 word ; firm and unwavering in his opinions in 
 favour of progress, but opposed to destruction, 
 and a staunch upholder of the Church. 
 
 In 1794, he married the Hon. Elizabeth 
 Browne, only sister, and sole heiress of Viscount 
 Montagu, who was drowned the year before at 
 the Falls of Schaffausen. By her, Mr. Poyntz 
 became possessed of Cowdray Park, in Sussex, 
 and an extensive property, where they resided 
 almost entirely after their marriage. They 
 had two sons drowned in the prime of life, and 
 in the sight of both parents, Mr. Poyntz being 
 in the boat, and his wife looking on from the 
 window of a house at Bognor, where the tragedy 
 took place in 1815. Their three daughters in 
 consequence became co-heiresses : Prances, Lady 
 Clinton ; Elizabeth, married to the Hon.
 
 274 
 
 Frederick Spencer, who succeeded to the 
 Earldom ; and Isabella, Marchioness of Exeter. 
 
 In 1830, after a happy union of thirty-six 
 years, Mrs. Poyntz died, deeply and universally 
 regretted ; and the widower removed to 
 Hampton Court, after a time, to be nearer his 
 daughters. Eor some years before his death, he 
 was the cause of great anxiety to his family 
 and friends from being constantly subject to 
 fainting fits, the result, as was afterwards proved, 
 of an accident in the hunting field, in 1833. 
 In one of these seizures he expired suddenly, at 
 his house on Hampton Court Green, beloved 
 and lamented, not only by his surviving children, 
 and his two surviving sisters, but by a large 
 circle of acquaintance, and friends. In every 
 class he was known, and loved for his warm 
 heart, his genial humour, his sparkling wit. 
 He was interred by the side of his wife, in her 
 ancestral chapel in Easebourne Church, adjoin- 
 ing Cowdray Park, where a monument had been 
 already erected to their two sons. 
 
 In early life Mr. Poyntz was a friend, and 
 companion of his cousin George, Lord Sandwich, 
 by whose will he was entrusted with the
 
 275 
 
 guardianship of the young earl, then only seven 
 years of age. Between the guardian and his 
 ward an affection subsisted, scarcely inferior to 
 that of parent, and child. Lord Sandwich spent 
 many of his holidays at Cowdray, and the ^ 
 friendly relations which subsisted between him, 
 and Mr. Poyntz were never interrupted till the 
 death of the latter, in 1840. 
 
 The two families of Poyntz and Browne, 
 (Lord Montagu) are now extinct, in the male 
 line. 
 
 
 Emily Faiihfull, Printer, 85, Praed Street, Paddington, W
 
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