HP 63/4 Mfc UC-NRLF SB 335 M7E UNITED STATES SUKEAU OF EFFICIENCY HERBERT D. BROWN, Chief LIST OF REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AS THE BASIS OF EFFICIENCY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE Compiled by H. H. B. MEYER CHIEF BIBLIOGRAPHER, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EFFICIENCY HERBERT D. BROWN, Chief LIST OF REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AS THE BASIS OF EFFICIENCY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE Compiled by H. H. B. MEYER CHIEF BIBLIOGRAPHER, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 PREFATORY NOTE This list was compiled at the request of Mr. Herbert D. Bro\\ Chief, United States Bureau of Efficiency, and represents a selecti of the more useful books and articles from a great mass of literatu The annotations are based on an actual examination of the mater and are descriptive of intent and scope rather than evaluatir Those desiring a more comprehensive survey of the literature will fi: it in Drury (14) or Thompson (41) listed below. Mr Thompson h also published a bibliography with the title " Books on scienti management," with evaluating notes. Those interested in soi special phase or application of the subject should consult the ar lytical index at the end. . . BOOKS. 1. AMAH, JULES. The physiology of industrial organization and the reemployment of the disabled. Tr. by Bernard Miall; ed., with notes and an introduction, by Professor A. F. Stanley Kent. London, The Library press limited, 1918. 371 p. T58.A53 Discusses in detail the physiological basis of human labor, the functions of man, psycho-physiology, fatigue, food, drink, training, apprenticeship, and the reeducation of war cripples, functional reeducation, scientific prothesis and professional reeducation. Illustrations of modern apparatus. 2. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, Philadel- phia. Personnel and employment problems in industrial management . . . Editors in charge of this volume, Meyer Bloomfield . . . and Joseph H. Willits . . . Philadelphia, The American academy of political and social science, 1916. 326 p. (Its Annals, vol. LXV, whole no. 154) Hi. A4 vol. 65 HF5549.A6 Papers on personal element, employment manager, labor turnover, hiring and discharge of employees, mental tests, physical examination, interviewing employees, instruction, records and reports of work, motion study, home conditions. 3. - Stabilizing industrial employment; reducing the labor turnover. Editor in charge of this volume, Joseph H. Willits. Philadelphia, The American academy of political and social science, 1917. 246 p. (Its Annals, vol. LXXI, whole no. 160) H1.A4 vol. 71 HF5549.A7 Devoted to labor turnover and its reduction, cost of turnover, standardiza- tion of working conditions, medical supervision, factory nurse, absences, lateness, employees representation on managing boards. 3a. ARNOLD, JACOB H. Farm management. New York, The Mac- J millan company, 1919. 243 p. S561.A73 " Literature related to the subjects discussed," p. 24; "Books on farm management or on related subjects": p. 242-243. An attempt to show that a farm may be considered an organization to which the principles of scientific management may be applied, resulting in increased crops, elimination of waste, and conservation of the soil, fertility and other resources. M196670 3 . ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 4. BLACKFORD, Mrs. KATHERINE M. H. and ARTHUR NEWCOMB. The job, the man, the boss. Garden City, New York, Double- day, Page & company, 1914. 266 p. T58.B55 Describes the Blackford plan of employment, which seeks to place the person most fit to perform any given work. Emphasizes the value of early vocational guidance. 4a. BLOOMFIELD, DANIEL, ed. Selected articles on modern industrial movements. New York city, The H. W. Wilson company, 1919. 377 p. (The handbook series) Bibliography: p. xi-xxii. HD4851.B6 Contains a Brie for scientific management, a reprint of Judge Brandeis* brief, part of a lecture by H. S. Person giving the basic principles, plans and policies, range of app 1 cation, and effect on production and distribution and on workmen. Guild socialism is discussed by G. D. H. Cole, and there is a section on Management sharing. 4b. BLOOMFIELD, MEYER. Labor and compensation. New York, Industrial extension institute [1917]. 445 p. (Factory man- agement course and service. V. 7) TS155.F48 HF5549.B75 A detailed summary of the whole question as it relates to the worker. Discusses the employment department, organizing the labor supply, analyz- ing the job, conditions of work, selection of employees, labor turnover, labor executive, promotion, transfer, training, group insurance, industrial and social insurance, housing, and employment forms. 5. Management and men; a record of new steps in industrial relations. New York, The Century co., 1919. 591 p. HD8390.B55 Devoted to a discussion of methods used in -industrial trades in Great Britain to meet conditions created by the war necessitating new industrial relations. Does not attempt to give details of management, but shows how the problems of industry, such as housing, increased output, closer relations between employer and employee, are being met in Great Britain. V 6. BRANDEIS, Louis D. Scientific management and railroads; being part of a brief submitted to the Interstate commerce com- mission. New York, The Engineering magazine, 1911. 92 p. HE1621.B8 Discusses the influence of scientific management upon the public, upon the railroads and upon the employees, relations of organized labor. Mr. Brandeis' brief gave rise to considerable periodical literature which is carefully reviewed by Mr. C. B. Thompson in his ''Theory and practice of scientific management," 1917, p. 220-229. 7. BRISCO, NORRIS A. Economics of efficiency. New York, The Macmillan company, 1914. 385 p. T58.B7 "References" at end of each chapter. A general treatise, emphasizing the elimination of waste, the conservation of workers, and the relation to future industrial progress. Discusses the relation of management to the plant, organization, coordination, location and design REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 5 of buildings, saving waste products, storage of materials; also the relation of management to labor, loyalty, incentive, handling men, labor turnover, promotion, punctuality, discipline. Has chapters on hiring of labor, training, habits, fatigue, health and welfare work, accidents and fire prevention, wages, piece rate systems and relation of organized labor to efficiency methods. 8. CHURCH, ALEXANDER H. The science and practice of manage- ment. New York, The Engineering magazine co., 1914. 535 p. (Works management library) TS155.C84 Attempts to formulate the working principles of scientific management as related to (1) The systematic accumulation and use of experience^ (2) The economic control (or regulation) of effort; (3) The promotion of personal effectiveness. Part I of the book divides the organic functions of manufacturing into five varieties, Design, Equipment, Control, Comparison, Operation. Form- ulates three laws of effort and shows how they are applied to the five func- tions. Part II discusses the practical organization of the organic functions. Has appendix on Labor question, piece work, bonus system. 9. COLVIN, FRED H. Labor turnover, loyalty and output; a con- sideration of the trend of the times as shown by the results of war activities in the machine shops and elsewhere. New York, McGraw-Hill book company, 1919. 152 p. HF5549.C6 Largely devoted to the reduction of labor turnover, workers share in shop management, interest in work and instruction in the shop. Has chapters on employment manager and collective bargaining. 10. COOKE, MORRIS L. Academic and industrial efficiency; a report to the Carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching. New York city [1910] 134 p. (The Carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching . . . Bulletin no. 5) LB2334.C4 no. 5 LA226.C73 Report of a critical examination of the physics department in a number of universities made by an efficiency expert. Considers organization, economic use of buildings, financial administration, ^etc., with tables and diagrams. 11. DAY, CHARLES. Industrial plants; their arrangement and con- struction. New York, The Engineering magazine, 1911. 294 p. (Works management library) TS155.D3 Devoted largely to the planning and construction of an industrial plant, installation of equipment, commencement of operation, routing, and value of expert engineering. 12. DICKSEE, LAWRENCE R. and HERBERT E. BLAIN. Office organi- zation and management including secretarial work. London, Sir I. Pitman & sons, ltd., 1906. 298 p. HF5547.D5 Describes English practice in the organization of a business office, includ- ing personnel, division of responsibility, correspondence, advertising, stores, cost accounts, stock taking, business law, and insurance, and includes forms. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. DIEMER, HUGO. Factory organization and administration. 2d ed., rev. enl. and reset. New York, McGraw-Hill book company, inc., 1914. 378 p. TS155.D5 1914 "A bibliography of works management": p. 356-370. One of the important books on the application of scientific management to factories. Discusses factory location, planning of buildings, organization and departments, employing of labor, stores and stock, shipping and receiv- ing, time taking, cost accounting, inventory, inspection, time study, wages, and lastly gives a bibliography. DRURY, HORACE B. Scientific management; a history and criticism. New York, Columbia university, 1915. 222 p. (Studies in history, economics and public law, ed. by the Faculty of political science of Columbia university, vol. LXV, no. 2: whole no. 157) H31.C7 vol. 65, no. 2 T58.D7 Part 1 is a history of scientific management with some account of the leaders in the movement, and a survey of the principal plants in which scientific management has been introduced. Part 2 is a criticism of certain aspects such as its effect on output, on the laborer, on the relations with organized labor. Has chapter on the humanizing effect including pro- motion, and wages. EASTMAN, GEORGE R. Psychology for business efficiency. Dayton, O., The Service publishing company [1916] 265 p. BF56.E25 Shows the relation of psychology to business, the value of a knowledge of mental processes, discusses the various kinds of interest one must strive to attain, and methods of influencing behavior. Has chapters on art of memorizing, on fashion and fads, on solicitation, temperamental qualities, habit and adaptability. /- 16. feiviERSON, HARRINGTON. Efficiency as a basis for operation and wages. 3d ed., rev. and enl. New York, The Engineering magazine, 1912. 254 p. (Works management library) HD31.E62 No less in importance than his "Twelve principles." Discusses exist- ing systems of management in comparison with scientific management, organization for efficiency, standards, cost accounting, waste location and elimination, bonus system. Lays stress on the human element in the problem. L/ 17. The twelve principles of efficiency. New York, The Engineering magazine, 1912. 423 p. T58.E4 One of the classics of the subject, admirable to begin the subject with. The twelve principles are, 1. Clearly defined ideals, 2. Common sense, 3. Competent counsel, 4. Discipline, 5. The fair deal, 6. Satisfactory records,. 7. Dispatchirg, 8. Standards and schedules, 9. Standardized conditions, 10. Standardized operations, 11. Written standard practice instruction, 12. Efficiency reward. Has also chapters on organization for efficiency, elimi- nation of waste and executive control of line and staff. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 7 18. EVANS, HOLDEN A. Cost keeping and scientific management. New York, McGraw-Hill book company, 1911. 252 p. HF5686.C8E8 Chiefly devoted to cost accounts and their influence in scientific systems of management. Discusses need for accuracy, their purpose, distribution of indirect costs, methods of paying labor, management, waste time and time studies, and machine shop methods. Shows how economics were effected in the shops of a navy yard by scientific management and to what extent scientific management may be applied by a manager not an expert in scientific management. 19. GALLOWAY, LEE. Office management, its principles and prac- tice; covering organization, arrangement, and operation, with special consideration of the employment, training, and pay- ment of office workers. New York, The Ronald press com- pany, 1918. 701 p. HF5547.G2 Devoted entirely to office management. Discusses the location, layout, equipment, handling mail, filing, stenographic work, purchases, stores, sales- manship, advertising, training of employees, business language, wages, bonus system, and vacations. 20. GANTT, HENRY L. Industrial leadership; addresses delivered in the Page lecture series, 1915, before the Senior class of the Sheffield scientific school, Yale university. New Haven, Yale university press, 1916. 128 p. T58.G3 This is one of the important books on the subject, but not so readily under- stood as Taylor, Gilbreth, or Emerson. Discusses the qualification for industrial leadership, the training of workmen, task work, and production and sales. 20a. - Organizing for work. New York, Harcourt, Brace and */ Howe, 1919. 113 p. HD2326.G3 Discusses the industrial problem of employer and employee, and the place of the efficiency engineer in its solution. Advocates a greater democracV in industrial establishments to increase productivity rather than profits. / 21. - Work, wages, and profits; their influence on the cost ^ of living. New York, The Engineering magazine, 1910. 194 p. (Works management library.) HD4909.G3 Largely devoted to an explanation of the development and application of the "Gantt bonus plan" based on the standard quantity and quality of work known as the task. Has chapters on day work, piece work and task work with a bonus, on training workmen in habits of industry and cooperation and on profits and their influence on the cost of living. 22. GILBRETH, FRANK B. Primer of scientific management . . . i^ 1 with an introduction by Louis D. Brandeis. New York, D. Van Nostrand company, 1912. 108 p. T58.G6 A critical and analytical discussion in elementary terms of the Taylor system. It defines the terms, states the laws, shows the effect on the worker and the work. 8 REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. ;. GILBRETH, FRANK B., and LILLIAN M. GILBRETH. Applied mo- tion study; a collection of papers on the efficient method to industrial preparedness. New York, Sturgis & Walton com- pany, 1917. 220 p. T58.G42 Discusses in great detail the need of motion study for conserving human energy and the application of the results to industrial operations. Special attention to motion study in relation to the crippled soldier. ' 24. - Fatigue study, the elimination of humanity's greatest unnecessary waste; a first step in motion study. New York, Sturgis & Walton company, 1916. 159 p. T58.G45 Elementary discussion with illustrations. Shows method of study and survey and what can be done under ordinary conditions and how to intro- duce scientific methods of elimination. Has chapter on reading box move- ment and on fatigue museum. 25. GOLDMARK, JOSEPHINE C. Fatigue and efficiency; a study in industry. New York, Charities publication committee, 1912. 591 p. (Russell Sage foundation publication.) HD5106.G7 A comprehensive study of fatigue, muscular and nervous. Discusses the causes in modern industry, speed, complexity, monotony, noise, piecework, and over-time; the physiological effects, economic aspects, relations to scientific management. Has two chapters on labor laws. The second part discusses the dangers of long hours, benefits of short hours, economic aspect of regulation of hours of labor, advantages of uniformity of restriction. 26. HARTNESS, JAMES. The human factor in works management. New York, McGraw-Hill book company, 1912. 159 p. T58.H3 Chiefly devoted to habit and its influence in scientific management, touches on influence of fatigue, examples drawn from machine shop ex- perience. /27. HOXIE, ROBERT F. Scientific management and labor. New York and London, D. Appleton and company, 1915. 302 p. T58.H63 A careful and impartial study of the relations between scientific manage- ment and organized labor. It presents both sides and in an Appendix prints the claims of each with an enumeration of the vital points at issue and offers a questionnaire for detailed investigation. 27 a. IOTEYKO, JOSEFA. The science of labour and its organization. London, G. Routledge & sons, limited; New York, E. P. Button & co., 1919. 199 p. (Efficiency books.) T58.I6 These essays which appeared originally in French reviews discuss the economic method of working the body, industrial fatigue, scientific manage- ment, aptitude, food and work, left-handedness, and Belgian method of technical education. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 9 /28. JONES, EDWARD D. The administration of industrial enterprises, with special reference to factory practice. New York, Long- mans, Green and co., 1916. 442 p. Contains bibliographies. T56.J6 Gives a complete review of the application of scientific management to an industrial enterprise, the location, layout, buildings, power, administrative organization, works manager, employment of labor, cost accounting, fatigue, wages, and wage systems of Halsey, Rowan, Taylor, Gantt and Emerson, welfare work, office, stores, selling, advertising, traffic, and audit and collec- tion. 29. JONES, FRANKLIN D. and EDWARD K. HAMMOND. Shop manage- ment and systems; a treatise on the organization of machine building plants and the systematic methods that are essential to efficient administration. New York, The Industrial press, 1918. 307 p. TJ1135.J7 Discusses the application of scientific management to machine building plants. Gives specific examples of exact working details with abundant illustrations and forms. Covers methods of ordering materials, accounting for materials in stock, following progress of work, care of tools, inspection of products, organization of assembling department, and drafting room system. 30. KELLY, ROY W. Hiring the worker. New York, The Engineer- ing magazine co., 1918. 250 p. (Industrial management library.) HF5549.K35 Deals primarily with employment of workers, employment departments and employment manager, selection of workers, initiation into their tasks, education, transfer, promotion and discharge. Gives specimen blanks and forms used. Discusses labor turnover and contains a bibliography (p. 217- 244). 31. KNOEPPEL, CHARLES E. Installing efficiency methods. New York, The Engineering magazine, 1915. 258 p. (Works man- agement library.) T58.K6 Gives an example of methods of preliminary study, business analysis, organization, relation of the efficiency engineer, the management and the men. Discusses with examples time study, planning department, standard- izing working conditions and operations, and bonus plan of wage payment. Has chapters on efficiency clearing house, and manufacturing costs. 32. LEE, FREDERIC S. The human machine and industrial efficiency./^ / New York, Longmans, Green and co., 1918. 119 p. T58.L33 A very valuable study of industrial physiology covering output, fatigue, rest, length of working day, maintenance of w r orking power, overtime, labor turnover, women, night work, accidents, industrial medicine, food, physi- ological organization of work, and including a bibliography (p. 105113). 33. LEWIS, ELIAS ST. ELMO. Getting the most out of business; observations of the application of the scientific method to business practice. 5th ed. New York, The Ronald press company, 1916. 515 p. HF5500.L4 1916 179812 20 2 10 REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. Discusses in popular style application of efficiency methods to business. Has good chapters on loyalty, methods of instruction, salesmen, cooperation as opposed to one man rule, discipline, wages. 34. PARKHURST, FREDERIC A. Applied methods of scientific man- agement. New York, J. Wiley & sons, 1912. 325 p. T58.P2 Description in detail, with chart of organization, of the application ot scientific management to a concrete example, the Ferracute Machine co., makers of presses and dies. Includes preliminary investigation, form of organization, discipline of the departments, duties of various clerks, routing system, stores, standardization of methods and tools, with example of course of an order from first inquiry to final shipment, with blanks and forms. 35. PATTISON, J/rs. MARY S. H. Principles of domestic engineering; or, The what, why and how of a home; an attempt to evolve a solution of the domestic " labor and capital" problem to standardize and professionalize housework to re-organize the home upon "scientific management" principles and to point out the importance of the public and personal element therein, as well as the practical. [New York, The Trow press, 1915] 310 p. TX145.P3 Attemps to apply scientific management to the home, discusses the budget, servants, laundry work, food, system in the home, organization of the family, domestic independence, hospitality, exercise, clothing, beauty in home, education, heating, light, ventilation, water, pests, moral standards. PEIRCE, FREDERICK. The human side of business. Philadelphia, The Investment house of F. Peirce & co., 1917. 214 p. HF5438.P4 Discusses the application of scientific management to the bond business. Has chapters on salesmanship, employing men, training men, and develop- ment of business. SCOTT, WALTER D. Increasing human efficiency in business; a contribution to the psychology of business. New York, The Macmillan company, 1911. 339 p. HF5500.S4 Discusses the various means of increasing human efficiency by imitation, competition, loyalty, concentration, wages, pleasure, sporting spirit or love of the game, relaxation, speed or rate of improvement; has also chapters on judgment and habit formation. fc/38. TAYLOR, FREDERICK W. Shop management. New York and London, Harper & brothers, 1911. 207 p. TS155.T26 No less important than his "Principles of scientific management," and fundamental to the understanding of the subject of scientific management. Develops the four principles (a) A large daily task, (b) Standard conditions, (c) High pay for success, (d) Loss in case of failure. Discusses selection of workmen, their training and development, and cooperation between manage- ment and workmen. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 1.1 39. TAYLOR, FREDERICK W. The principles of scientific manage- ment. New York and London, Harper & brothers, 1911. 77 p. T58.T3 This is one of the classics of scientific management. It analyzes the previ- ously existing conditions, and shows the interdependence of management and worker, and how to substitute scientific management for older types. Gives some actual examples in outline of application to machine shops. 40. THOMPSON, CLARENCE B. The Taylor system of scientific man- agement, ... A report, in manual form, on the accomplish- ments of scientific management, supplemented with a dis- cussion of how to secure some of the most important of these accomplishments. Chicago, A. W. Shaw company [1917]. 175 p. Bibliography: p. 171-175. T58.T4 1917 Report based on an examination of plants in twelve states. Attempts to distinguish between the Taylor system and other systems of scientific man- agement. Describes Taylor system from actual examples with photographic illustrations, and examples of instruction cards, identification tags, etc. 41. - The theory and. practice of scientific management. Boston, New York, Hough ton Mifnin company [1917]. 319 p. Bibliography: p. 271-308. T58.T55 Discusses the effect on employees, on the public and on organized labor. Devotes much space to the economic aspects of scientific management, but its most valuable feature is the critical discussion of the literature of the sub- ject and extensive bibliography under the headings, development and theory, in operation, applied to railroads, methods, personal factor, organized labor. 42. - ed. Scientific management; a collection of the more significant articles describing the Taylor system of manage- ment. Cambridge, Harvard university press, 1914. 878 p. (Harvard business studies, v. 1) T58.T5 "Bibliography of scientific management": p. 861-878. Contains papers on Unsystematized, systematized, and scientific manage- ment, Planning department, Foreman's place, Slide rules for the machine shop, Tool room, Classification and symbolization, Time study, Retailing, Railroads, Piece rate system, Wages and wage systems, Efficiency engineer- ing, Taylor system, Women's work, and the Workman's standpoint. 43. TIPPER, HARRY. The new business. [Garden City, New York] Pub. by Doubleday, Page & company for the Associated ad- vertising clubs of the world, 1914. 391 p. HF5351.T5 Devoted largely to a discussion of methods of marketing manufactured products, financial control of marketing, cost of marketing, competitive selling, advertising, organization for marketing, good-will, buying habits. 12 REFEKENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 44. U. S. Congress. House. Committee on labor. Investigation of Taylor system of shop management. Hearings . . . Sixty- second Congress, first session, on House resolution 90 ... Washington, Govt. print, off., 1911. 70 p. T58.T4 Gives in detail the attitude of labor organizations, and includes a lengthy statement of Mr. H. F. Stimpson attempting to be fair to both sides and a reprint of some of his articles. 45. " Taylor system" of shop manage- ment . . . Report. (To accompany H. res. 90) [Washing- . ton, Govt. print, off., 1911] 12 p. (62d Cong. 1st sess. House. Kept. 52) T58.T4 1911a This report recommends that the resolution authorizing the Committee on Labor to investigate the Taylor system be passed. Reprints Taylor's Shop management. Special committee to investigate the Taylor and other systems of shop management. The Taylor and other sys- tems of shop management. Hearings . . . under authority of H. res. 90 ... [Oct. 4, 1911-Feb. 12, 1912] Washington, Govt. print, off., 1912. 3 v. T58. T4 1912 William B. Wilson, Chairman. These hearings offer an immense mass of information of scientific manage- ment from every point of view. Includes a statement by Mr. F. W. Taylor, v. 3, p. 1377-1509. There is only a name index. 47. Committee on labor. " Taylor system'' of shop management . . . Report. (To accompany H. R. 17800.) [Washington, Govt. print, off., 1914] 13 p. (63d Cong., 2d sess. House. Rept. 1175) T58. T4 1914a Recommends passage of bill to eliminate stop watch and premium pay- ments in government shops. 48. The stop watch and bonus system in government work. Hearings . . . Sixty-third Congress, sec- ond session, on H. R. 8662, a bill to prevent the use of the stop watch or other time-measuring device on government work and the payment of premium or bonus to government employees, and for other purposes. April 17, 18, and 20, 1914. Washington, Govt. print, off., 1914. 117 p. T58. U6 1914 David J. Lewis, Chairman. Contains statements of representatives of labor in opposition to the systems of scientific management used in government shops, also a statement of General Crozier relating to experiences in the Watertown Arsenal. 49. - Methods of directing the work of government employees. Hearings before the Committee on labor, House of representatives, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, on H. R. 8665, a bill to regulate the method of directing REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 13 the work of government employees. March 30, 31, April 1, and 4, 1916. Washington, Govt. print, off., 1916. 368 p. T58. U6 1916b Includes statements of Mr. Henry R. Towne, Mr. S. E. Thompson, Mr. Henry T. Noyes, Mr. John Dunlap, and other engineers and manufacturers, also of General Crozier, and representatives of employees organizations, the latter pointing out certain abuses of the system. Enumerates objections of union labor and claims of scientific managers. .50. U.S. Congress. House. Committee on labor. Method of direct- ing the work of government employees . . . Report. (To accompany H. R. 8665.) [Washington, Govt. print, off.,. 1916] 47 p. (64th Cong., 1st sess. House. Kept. 698) T58. U6 1916a This report favored the passage of the bill prohibiting the use of the stop watch in making time studies and payment of bonus. Includes a minority report by Mr. E. E. Browne adverse to the provisions of the bill which con- stitutes a condensed resume of the subject of scientific management. -51. U. S. War dept. Time study and premium payments. Letter from the secretary of war, relative to a provision in the army appropriation bill against time study and premium payments at government establishments . . . [Washington, Govt. print, off., 1915] 64 p. (63d Cong., 3d sess. Senate. Doc. 800) T58.U6 1915 This document is made up of detailed statements concerning the operations of the system in government shops, quotes the objections of labor and gives tables of the premiums earned. 52. - Premium payments in government employ- ment. Letter from the secretary of war, submitting informa- tion relative to time studies and premium payments in govern- ment employment . . . [Washington, Govt. print, off., 1916] 4 p. (64th Cong., 1st sess. House. Doc. 1053) T58. U6 1916 Commends the system for results accomplished and asks for a detailed investigation of the Watertown arsenal. 52 a. WEBER, GUSTAVUS A. Organized efforts for the improvement of methods of administration in the United States. New York, London, D. Appleton and company, 1919. 391 p. (Studies in administration. The institute for government research) JK411.W4 Describes I, the various agencies for investigating governmental offices and activities of all kinds; II, the organs of central administrative control; III, the legislative reference and bill drafting agencies. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS. 53. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. The present state of the art of industrial management. Majority and minority reports of the Subcommittee on administration, with discussion. (In its Transactions, 1912, v. 34. New York, 1913. p. 1131-1229.) TJl.A7,v. 34 For additional discussion of the reports see Journal of the Society, May 1913, v. 35: 871-877. The reports are also reprinted in Journal of the Society, Nov. 1912, v. 34: 1601-1622. TJ1. A72, v. 34 A careful analysis of the development, and application of scientific man- agement, with attempts at a definition (p. 1138-9). '54. BREWER, CHARLES B. Economy and efficiency in the govern- ment. North American review, Mar., 1912, v. 195: 368-380. AP2. N7, v. 195 A discussion of economy and efficiency in the following executive depart- ments: Treasury, Post-office, War, Navy and Agriculture. 55. Scientific management in the army and navy. World's work, Jan., 1912, v. 23: 311-317. AP2.W8,v.23 Shows how the introduction of scientific management improved conditions at Mare Island, raised the markmanship and coaling records, and effected big saving at the Watertown arsenal. BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH, New York. A national pro- gram to improve methods of government. Its Municipal research, >larch, 1916, no. 71. JS39.M7, no. 71 Discusses especially the relation of an administrative survey to efficiency and advocates a staff specialized in the professional side of government administration . * 57. CLEVELAND, FREDERICK A. The application of scientific man- agement to the activities of state and municipal government. Engineering record, Dec. 2, 1911, v. 64: 653-655. TA1.E62, v. 64 Outlines the manner in which the principles of scientific management may be applied. * 58. The causes of waste and inefficiency in national govern- ment. American review of reviews, Apr., 1912, v. 45: 466-471. AP2.R4, v. 45 A general discussion of the causes of waste and inefficiency, and especially lack of organization and efficient personnel. y 59. COOKE, MORRIS L. Scientific management of the public busi- ness. American political science review, Aug., 1915, v. 9: 488-495. JA1.A6, v. 9t Urges the application of scientific management principles to federal ,. state and municipal government. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 15 60. COOKE, MORRIS L. Spirit and social significance of scientific management. Journal of political economy, June, 1913, v. 21: 481-493. HB1.J7, v. 21 Argues that the development of scientific management is attainable only through a course of individual and collective discipline. 61. COULSON, R. E. Are $300,000,000 worth saving? The oppor- tunity and the work done by the Economy and efficiency commission at Washington. System, Apr., 1913, v. 23: 363-371. HF5001.S9, v. 23 Describes the valuable work performed by the Commission tending toward efficiency in the government departments. 62. The high cost of government. System, May, 1913, v. 23: 481-489. HF5001.S9, v. 23 Describes the work done by the Economy and efficiency commission to effect better organization of the government departments. 63. CROZIER, WILLIAM. Scientific management in government establishments. Society to promote scientific management. Bulletin, Oct., 1915, v. 1, no. 5: 1-8. Describes the attempts to introduce scientific management methods into . the arsenals. 64. DRURY, HORACE B. Democracy as a factor in industrial effi- ciency. American academy of political and social science. Annals, May, 1916, v. 65: 15-27. H1.A4, v. 65 Outlines the principles that make for the efficiency of democracy. 65. DUN A WAY, JOHN A. Some efficiency methods of city adminis- tration. American academy of political and social science. Annals, Mar., 1916, v. 64: 89-102. H1.A4, v. 64 Describes a few up-to-date methods already in use in the city government of Philadelphia, which, in results accomplished, point toward efficiency. 66. EMERSON, GUY C. Scientific management in the public works of cities. National municipal review, Oct., 1913, v. 2: 571- 582. JS39.N3, v. 2 An analysis of the difficulties to be overcome in the application of the prin- ciples of scientific management to the conduct of municipal government. Argues that while the system has proved successful in industrial and com- mercial enterprises, it has not been accepted in its entirety by city officials, yet material progress has been made in that direction. 67. FEISS, RICHARD A. Scientific management applied to the steadying of employment, and its effect in an industrial establishment. American academy of political and social science. Annals, Sept., 1915, v. 61: 103-111. H1.A4, v. 61 Argues for an employment department in an industry, and shows the advan- tages of scientific employment of workers. 16 REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 08. GEORGE, RALPH E. Increased efficiency as a result of increased governmental functions. American academy of political and social science. Annals, Mar., 1916, v. 64: 77-88. H1.A4, v. 64 Shows that the adoption of the principles of scientific management is as necessary to effectiveness in government management as to private enter- prises. 69. GILBRETH, FRANK B., and L. M. GILBRETH. What scientific management means to America's industrial position. Amer- ican academy of political and social science. Annals, Sept., 1915, v. 61 : 208-216. H1.A4, v. 61 j Shows how scientific management aids in the elimination of waste and in / the promotion of industrial conservation. / /70. LOWELL, A. L. Expert administration in popular government. American political science review, Feb., 1913, v. 7: 45-62. JA1.A6, v. 7 Argues that- expert knowledge in the sphere of governmental action, as well as in private industries, tends toward efficiency. 71. MEYERS, G. J. The science of management. American society of naval engineers. Journal, Nov., 1911, v. 23: 994-1015. VM1.A5, v. 2S Argues that management has its laws, the following of which tends toward success. Attempts to formulate laws of management, and follows each law by a brief statement of the reasons for it, and the methods of its application. 72. MORSE, P. Managing the government on a business basis. Forum, Dec., 1915, v. 56: 705-714. AP2.F8, v. 56 Criticises the lack of organization of the various departments. 73. PORTER, HARRY F. Cost keeping the basis of prosperity. Engi- neering magazine, June, 1916, v. 51 : 325-332. TA1.E59, v. 51 A discussion of the notable work of the Federal trade commission. - POWER, LE GRAND. The effect of governmental efficiency upon efficiency in industry. Efficiency society, New York, Journal, July, 1913, v. 3: 39-47. A discussion of governmental accounting and the importance of efficiency that will be beneficial to the masses. 75. REDFIELD, WILLIAM C. The moral value of scientific manage- ment. Atlantic monthly, Sept., 1912, v. 110: 411-417. AP2.A8, v. 110 Deals more especially with the human side of management. Argues that the principles of scientific management should not be confined to the office and equipment alone, but should be applied to the individual workers as well. REFERENCES ON SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 17 76. RIEGEL, JOHX W. National welfare through standardized reports of industrial experience. American academy of political and social science. Annals, Mar., 1919, v. 82: 253-262: H1.A4, v. 82 Mentions several industries in which standardized uniform record systems have been introduced and points out the advantages of same. 77. ROSSITER, WILLIAM S. Present status of statistical work and how it needs to be developed in the service of the Federal government. American statistical association. Publications, June, 1914, v. 14: 85-96. HA1.A6, v. 14 Analyzes the statistical work of the various government departments, and argues that efficiency methods should be used to overcome wastefulness and duplication. 78. TARDY, W. B. A plea for a standard organization of the engineer division aboard ship, and for a uniform method of management of the engineer department with a section devoted to the appli- cation of scientific management. American society of naval engineers. Journal, Aug., 1911, v. 23: 681-717. VM1.A5, v. 23 Describes the methods for the standardization of the engineer department aboard ship, and discusses the administration of the department under the system of scientific management. Deals with uniformity in carrying out the work, reporting defects, method of making reports, distribution of work, executive orders, records, estimating time, standard times, military efficiency, and saving through co-ordination of ship and navy yards. 79. TAYLOR, FREDERICK WINSLOW. The principles of scientific man- agement. Applied science, Jan., 1913, v. 25: 76-82. A good explanation of the principles of scientific management. 80. THOMPSON, CLARENCE B. .Scientific management in practice. Quarterly journal of economics, Feb., 1915, v. 29: 262-307. HB1.Q3, v. 29 An analysis of some of the most obvious principles underlying scientific management, and a good description of the general working of the system in its various applications. 81. WADE, HERBERT T. The National bureau of standards and stand- ards for public utilities. Engineering magazine, May, 1915, v. 49: 240-251. TA1.E59, v. 49 Describes the work of the Bureau of standards recently inaugurated involv- ing the determination of standards of service for public utilities. 82. WEBSTER, N. E., and others. Primer on cost keeping in govern- ment work. Government accountant, Aug., 1908, v. 2: 148- 167. HJ9701.G7, v. 2 Outlines a system of cost accounting for government work. INDEX. Absences 3 Academic efficiency 10 Accident prevention 7 Accidents 32 Accounting, governmental 74 Adaptability 15 Advertising 12, 19. 28, 43 Apparatus for reeducation of war cripples 1 Apprenticeship 1 Army, United States 55 Arsenals, United States 63 See also Watertown, Mass. Assembling department, organiza- tion of 29 Audit and collection 28 Behavior, influencing 15 Belgian method of technical educa- tion 27a Bibliography 3a, 4a, 7, 13, 28, 30, 32, 41, 42 Bill-drafting services 52a Blackford plan 4 Body, working the 27a Bond business 36 Bonus system 8, 16, 19, 21, 28, 31 Governmental work 44-52 Brief 4a Buildings 7, 28 Universities, economic use of... 10 See also Plants, industrial. Bureau of Standards, U. S 81 Business 12, 15, 16, 19, 33, 36, 37, 43 Analysis 31 Development 36 Forms 12 Language 19 Law 12 Psychology 37 Buying habits 43 Classification 42 Clearing house, efficiency 31 Collective bargaining 9 Collection 28 Collegiate efficiency 10 Common sense . . 17 Comparison of methods S Competition 37 Complexity of work 25- Concentration 37 Conservation of human energy 23, 24 Conservation of workers 7, 69 Control of line and staff, executive. . .17 Control of operations 8 Cooperation 4a, 21, 33, 38 Correspondence 12: Cost accounting 12, 13, 16, 18,28, 31, 73, 82: Counsel, competent 17 Crippled soldier, motion study 23 Daily task 38 Day work 21 Democracy, efficiency in 64r Democracy in industrial establish- ments 20a See also Labor representation. Design of plants 8, 11, 13 Discharging workers 2, 30 Discipline 7, 17, 33, 34, 60 Dispatching 17 Drafting-room system 29 Domestic engineering 35 Drink 1 Duties of clerks 34 Economic aspects 41 Education. See Training. Efficiency engineer 20a Efficiency engineering 31, 42 Effort, economic control 8 Laws of 8 Emerson wage system 16, 17, 28 Employees, effect on 4a, 14, 41, 42, 67 Employer and employee, relations. 5, 8, 20a, 38 Employment department 4b, 30, 67 Employment management 19, 30' Employment manager 2, 4b, 9, 30 Equipment of office 19 Equipment of plant 8, 11 Executive control 17 Experience, accumulation and use of. & 19 20 INDEX. Page. Experts 70 Factory management 4a, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, -18, 20a, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34 Taylor system 38-40 r 42 Investigation 44, 52 Factory organization 13 Factory nurse 3 Fads 15 Fair deal 17 Farm management 3a Fashion and fads 15 Fatigue 1, 4b, 7, 24, 25, 26, 27a, 28, 32 Fatigue museum 24 Federal government 54, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 72, 73, 77, 81 Accounting 74 Agencies for investigating, official 52a Bonus system 44-52 Cost-keeping 82 Stop-watch system 44-52 Federal trade commission 73 Ferracute Machine Co 34 Filing 19 Fire prevention 7 Food 1, 32, 35 Foreman's place 42 Forms 4b, 12, 29, 30, 34, 40 Functions of man 1 Gantt wage system 20, 21, 28 Good-will 43 Government administration 52a, 56, 68, 70 See also Federal government; Municipal government; State government. Guild socialism 4a Habits 7, 15, 26, 37, 43 Halsey wage system 28 Handling men 7 Health 7 High pay for success 38 Hiring of labor 2, 7, 13, 28, 30, 36 History 14, 53 Home 35 Home conditions 2 Hours 32 Regulation of 25 Long, dangers of 25 Short, benefits of 25 Housing 4b, 5 Human element 4b, 16, 26, 37, 75 Human energy, conservation of 23, 24 Page. Human motor 27a Humanizing effect of scientific man- agement 14 Ideals, clearly denned 17 Idleness 20a Imitation 37 Incentive 7 Industrial leadership 20 Industrial meth ods, G reat Britain 5 Initiation into tasks 30 See also Instruction; Training. Inspection of products 13, 29 Installing efficiency methods 31, 39 Instruc tion 2, 9, 33 See also Training. Insurance 4b, 12 Interest in work 9 Interviewing employees 2 Inventory 13 See also Stock taking. Judgment 37 Labor represencation in regulation of industry 3, 4a, 5, 20a Labor supply 4b Labor turnover 2, 3, 4b, 7, 9, 30, 32 Lateness 3 Law, business 12 Laws, labor 25 Scientific managemen t 71 Taylor system 22 Layout of plant 28 Leaders in movement 14 Lefthandedne?s 27a Legislative reference services 52a Location of office 19 Location of plant 13, 28 Loss in case of failure 38 Love of the game 37 Loyalty 7,9,33,37 Machine building plants 28 Machine shop practice 18, 26, 39 Mail, handling 19 Management, relation to plant 7 Relation to labor 7 Manufacturing costs: See Cost accounting. Marketing 43 Materials, in stock 29 Ordering 29 Storage 7 Medical supervision 3 Medicine, industrial 32 Memorizing, art of , 15 Mental tests.. 2 INDEX. 21 Page. Methods, bibliography 41 Monotony of work 25 Moral standards 35, 75 Motion study 2, 23, 24 See also Time study. Municipal government 58, 59, 65, 66 Administrative control 52a Agencies for investigating, offi- cial and unofficial 52a Muscular fatigue 25 See also Fatigue. Naval vessels 78 Navy, United States 55, 78 Navy yards 18, 78 Nervous fatigue 25 See also Fatigue. Night work 32 Noise 25 Office management 12, 19 Office o rganization 12, 19, 28 Operation 8, 11 Ordering material 29 Organization 8, 16, 17, 28, 31, 34 Office 12,19,28 Organization for marketing 43 Organization of family 35 Organized labor, relation to scientific management. . . 6, 7, 14, 27, 41, 48, 49, 51 Bibliography 41 Output 5, 9, 14, 32 Overtime 25, 32 Personal factor 8 Bibliography 41 Personnel 2, 12 Physical examination 2 Physiological basis 1- Physiological organization of work . . 32 Physiology, industrial 32 Piece-rate system 7, 8, 21, 25, 42 Placement 4 Planning department s . 31, 42 Plants, industrial: Design 8,11,13 Equipment 8, 11 Layout 28 Location 13, 28 Scientifically managed 14 Pleasure 37 Power 28 Practice 14, 80 Premium system. See Bonus sys- tem. Page. Premiums paid Government em- ployees, tables 51 Primer 22 Principles 17, 79, 80 Production 20,20a Profits 21 Promotion 4b, 7, 14, 30 Psychology, relation to business. . . 15, 37 Psycho-physiology 1 Public, effect on 41 Public utilities, standards of service . 81 Punctuality 7 Purchases 19 Quantity and quality of work 21 Railroads 6, 42 Bibliography 41 Reading box movement 24 Records 2, 17, 20a, 76 See also Forms. Reeducation, functional 1 Professional 1 War cripples 1 Relaxation 37 Reports of work 2 See also Records. Representation of labor on manage- rial boards 3, 4a, 5, 20a Responsibility, division of 12 Rest 32 See also Fatigue. Retailing : 42 Reward, efficiency 17 See also Bonus system. Routing system 11, 34 Rowan wage system 28 Sales. 20 Salesmanship 19, 33, 36 Schedules 17 Scientific prothesis 1 Secretarial work 12 Selection of workmen. See Hiring of labor. Selling 28, 43 Shipping and receiving 13 Ships 78 Shop stewards 4a Slide rules 42 Social significance 60 Solicitation 15 Speed 25, 37 Spirit 60 Sporting spirit 37 INDEX. Standard practice instruction 17 Standardization of tools 34 Standardized conditions 3, 17, 31, 38 Standardized operations 17, 31, 34 Standardized uniform record systems 76 Standards 16, 17 State government 57, 59 Administrative control 52a Agencies for investigating, offi- cial and unofficial 52a Stenographic work 19 Stewards, shop 4a Stock 13 See also Stores. Stock taking 12 See also Inventory. Stop-watch system 44-52 Storage of materials 7 Stores 12, 13, 19, 28, 34 Symbolization 42 Tardiness 3 Task work , 20, 21 Taylor system ... 22, 27a, 28, 38, 39, 40, 42 Investigation of 44-48, 51 Team work 4b Technical education, Belgium 27a Temperamental qualities 15 Time study 4a, 13, 18, 22-24, 31, 42, 47-52, 69 Time taking 13 Toolroom.. 42 Page. Tools, care of 29 Standardization of 34 Traffic 28 Training of workers 1, 4b, 7, 19, 20, 21, 30, 35, 36, 38 Transfer of workers 4b, 30 Turnover. See Labor turnover. Twelve principles 17 United States government. See Army; Arsenals; Federal govern- ment; Navy. Universities, efficiency in 10 Vacations 19 Vocational guidance, value of 4 Wages ... 4a, 7, 13, 14, 18, 19, 28, 33, 37, 42 See also Bonus system; Piece- rate system. War cripples, reeducation 1 Waste, elimination of 3a, 7, 16, 17, 69 Waste location 16 Waste products, saving 7 Waste time 18 Watertown (Mass.) Arsenal.. 48,51,52,55 Welfare work 7, 28 Women's work 27a, 32, 42 Workers share in shop management. . 9 See also Representation of labor on managerial boards. 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