NRLF LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Received MsA> ' . i8o4 Accession No. 7 7 3 3 Cto No. O g rH -P r: I ^O TI^ C Q jj CO O H CD CO -H CCi rH rH P-, -P rH -P CO I H O o p O O 8? CO CO a O 8) rH ? O Cd O rH -P cd to CH -R O O PM ^ O O cd JH O O 8 CO & fe c ^ &Q H fo o rH O 9 c- O EH O CO rH O O ,4 "o CO o H O p 60 H CO O CO rH cd a o I ! GO O CO f-t o CO JH O r-: O W CH o CO o iH "8 CO r- i rH H CO rH cd o o o H o rH O O H CQ rH d CO -.-i I C H -p H CO cxO O O cd CO A. o CO CO CO 60 O +3 3 -P CO rQ r- , H CO a o 13 -p b CO f-j HP "cd -p CO -p o I H CO rH H CH -P CO 1896 ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THE BUFFALO Horizontal and Upright Steam Engines, Mechanical Draft Fans and Apparatus, Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans, Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Disk Ventilating Fans, Blowers and Exhausters, Manual Training School Outfits, Hand and Power Blacksmith Drills, Punch, Shear and Bar Cutters, Tire Upsetters, Blacksmith Tools, Etc., Blacksmith Hand Blowers, SRSITY 1 Stationary, Portable and Heating Forges. BUFFALO FORGE CO. BUFFALO, N. Y., U. REGISTERED CABLE ADDRESS, "FORGE." LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE SERVICE. BRANCH STORES NEW YORK - LONDON, ANOOFF,CES.. "THE VILLAGE BLACKSMITH. Copyrighted 1896. by Buffalo Forge Co. PREFACE. machinery catalogue, being largely confined to mechanical description and construction, contains little information valuable in engineering lines ; and in placing the output of most iron manufactories, less illustration of application and uses is required than in the case of air-handling apparatus. While a comparison of the present book with the last will indicate a marked advance, if the progress of an establishment is to be Judged solely by its new catalogues, as is often wont, then this pub- lication falls far short of fulfilling that duty. Our general catalogue preceding this issue was compiled in 1892. It possessed many unique features, prominent among which was the presentation of a large amount of data hitherto unavail- able and relating mainly to the application of Buffalo Blowers and the Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying. Several large editions, duplicate of the original, have been necessitated to supply the demand from engineers and architects at home and abroad. Such marked favor naturally appeals to us to further enhance, in a like manner, the value of the present work. The new and original matter herewith presented in forms of practical value, we believe will accomplish the desired end admirably. The facts and figures embodied herein are derived from actual installations of the various apparatus to which they relate. Being compiled from actual test records, they are not to be compared in value with the theoretical calculations commonly published ; such at the best are unreliable. Most extensive experiments, under varied conditions, involving the use of the most refined and accurate instruments at no small outlay, constitute the material from which the several tables and rules are established. New and extensive fields for Blowers and Hot Blast Apparatus constantly develop. Especial study of the problems incident thereto, with tests, are promptly begun and continued by experts of long experience until an economical and reliable basis for calculating the proper sizes and applications is reached. Purchasers and engineers thereby derive authentic information not obtainable elsewhere. Many new designs of the various machines embraced in our output will be noticed, together with a number of improved previous ones. The unblushing copies from our 1 892 catalogue found in manufacturers' circulars of later date, are most forcible admissions of the acknowledged superiority of Buffalo goods. Our entire time, with the resources of a plant unequaled by any similar one in the world, either in extent or completeness of equipment, is entirely devoted to the improvement of old and the perfection of new types in the various lines, and to our customers' interests. The best obtainable grade of materials and workmanship, coupled with the highest utility of design, have characterized the unparalleled success of Buffalo Forges. In every product of our plant the same features are paramount. Content always to let our work speak for itself, through the practical medium of machines installed, nothing further is asked than an unbiased investigation of the records made thereby. BUFFALO FORGE CO., BUFFALO, N. Y. CO C 03 CX < r3 G CO O U => o _J u. Z) CQ PQ UH O X -t-J - U 1 l' I ; .C T3 :'. ' -< ' O ' H &o 00 1u +-> X OJ rt fl +-> 0. T3 CO 15 "O .s * c p l c QJ a E t.. cj 03 ** CD oT U v. J2 T3 \ * J C :;; i _c CT / - *o CO /, ' i B U. fiii;!, o V) 'a. 3 u u "c Description of the Buffalo Forge Co.'s Works, BUFFALO, N. Y., U. S. A. ABOUT BUFFALO. No American city is to-day drawing an amount of new capital and industries equal to that of Buffalo. Its commercial facilities are unexcelled. 26 railroads enter the city, with nearly 700 miles of trackage within the limits, and 250 daily passenger trains. Essentially, Buffalo is the eastern terminus of all the great lake boat lines, therefore it has unsurpassed facilities for transportation by water routes. Aside from natural advantages, and concerning the usual impor- tant features of a city, the comparative standing of Buffalo is very high, and in many cases leads all others. The Falls of Niagara stand perpetually alone in the world for vastness of water and fall, and the stupendous power consequent thereto. They are now harnessed ready to supply electric power at low cost in unlimited amount along the entire course of the river. This, coupled also with cheap fuel, affords to Buffalo manufacturing advantages unattainable elsewhere. LOCATION OF PLANT. Less than one mile from the business center of the city, the works of the Buffalo Forge Company are situated. The space occupied constitutes the entire block bounded by Broadway, Mortimer, Tousey and Champlin Streets. The Broadway and Sycamore Electric Railway lines (the former being the more direct route) afford ready access to the plant from depots and hotels. THE BUILDINGS AND THEIR USES. In the five-story front, right-hand or southeast structure, Buffalo Forges, Hand Blowers, Punch, Shear and Bar Cutters, Blacksmith Drills, Tire Up-setters, Disc Wheels, Steel Pressure Blowers, and " B " Volume Blowers and " B " Exhaust Fans are built. The main steam plant is located on the ground floor. The center front building comprises a well-arranged and convenient stock room. The second floor constitutes the sheet and galvanized iron department. Herein the majority of blast wheels for the various types of blowers and exhausters are made. In the third or southwest front building, are located the spacious and convenient private offices and counting rooms. In close touch with the business department, are the draughting rooms and the superintendent's and assistants' offices. Excepting the pattern shop on the last floor, the balance is used for show rooms. In addition to the warehouse facilities herein afforded, there is a large one and one-half story building, with gallery, on Spring Street, not illustrated in the accompanying engraving. The several one and one-half story structures directly back of the three front brick buildings, are used for the erection of heaters, steel plate fans and planing mill exhausters. The facilities of this department are such as to enable the testing of mammoth steel plate blowers, 30 feet in diameter, to their full capacity. In the section where hot blast heaters are built, many miles of pipe are consumed annually. Not infrequently, a single heater order requires from four to six miles of 1-inch pipe, were it laid in single continuous lengths. The northeast gallery type structure was especially built, arranged and equipped for engine construction, with the most modern and expensive tools. All conveniences incident to a modern foundry are provided in the northwest corner building. Adjacent to the various main buildings are pattern vaults, blacksmith shops, etc. The humble original shop of this company is still preserved ; a glance at it and the spacious surrounding ones affords the most vivid picture of the progress of this industry that could be presented. CQ CJD C QQ OJ T3 a c o J=. u_ 10 Buffalo Horizontal Engines, With Single Cylinder and Valve. THE two forms of the Buffalo Horizontal Engine, illustrated on the preceding and following pages, have been in wide demand for years, for situations where either a plain slide or piston-valve engine with a throttling governor was desirable. The engravings illustrate the design and con- struction when first brought out. Naturally some few changes have since been embodied where con- tinuous use under trying service -has indicated improvement possible. The size 10 x 10 is the largest built self-contained with overhung wheel, as illustrated by cut on page 12. All below this may be furnished in the same style or with outboard bearing like cut on page 10, as may be preferred. Both of these designs of engines are especially adapted for com- paratively high speeds. All sizes larger than 10 x 10 of the Buffalo Horizontal Simple Engine are built only with outboard bearing and fly wheel, as illustrated on the opposite page. The construction of both of these types of horizontal engines in the main is identical (see description on page 13), the only variation being the details incident to the two forms. Each of these designs has a running record unsurpassed by any similar horizontal engine upon the market, in the important items of steam economy, efficiency, smooth running and durability. The quality of workmanship and material, and the general efficiency of the Buffalo Horizontal Engines throughout are fully guaranteed. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS-IN INCHES. CYLINDER j Revs. . 5 e V FLY WHEELS STEAM PIPE CRANK PIN SHAFT JOURNAL Shipping Weight 1400 Diam., in Inches Stroke, in Inches Diam.. in Inches Face, in Inches Supply, in Inches Exhaust, in Inches Diam., , Length, in Inches.in Inches Diam., in Inches Length, in Inches 5 7 350 10 30 5 1* IX 1 7/ J 2X 40 6^ 8 325 17 36 6 \/ 2 2 2 2/ 2 2V 2 48 1700 8 10 300 30 48 8 2/ 2 323 3/ 2 54 2100 10 10 275 42 48 8 3 3/ 2 2/ 2 3 3/2 -54 2400 10 12 250 49 54 10 3 3/ 2 2^ 3 4/2 66 3400 12 12 250 65 60 12 3/ 2 4 3X 3% 5 77 4700 12 14 225 70 60 14 3/ 2 4 3/2 3% .5 77 5000 12 16 200 72 72 14 3'X 4 3/2 3% 6 77 6000 Buffalo Horizontal Engine, With Single Cylinder and Valve, Self-contained Type. Engraving Exact Reproduction from a Photograph Taken of the 8 x 10 Size. Buffalo Horizontal Engines, With Single Cylinder and Valve, Self-contained and Side-crank Types. A LTHOUGH the engines shown by the two preceding engravings were designed with especial f\ reference to driving fans, we can confidently recommend them for any use requiring a first- class simple engine of the sizes listed. The Buffalo Horizontal Engine, illustrated on page 12, is self-contained. The frame may be styled a combination of the tangye and girder types, and the distribution of metal throughout is such as to give ample rigidity. Motion of the valve is derived by means of a ram and box coupled direct to the eccentric with only one joint, which is adjustable for wear. The cylinder is designed to give the highest efficiency with minimum condensation. It is bolted to the frame, and the front head is cast as a part of it, the stuffing box being forced in. The crosshead is fitted with a tapered hardened wrist pin, and the connecting rod has a wedge adjustment at both ends. The crank pin is furnished with babbitt-lined brass boxes ; the crosshead pin has solid phosphor-bronze bearings. The crank disc is of cast iron, shrunk on the shaft and keyed. The pin is forced into the disc by a unique method, which insures it being perfectly parallel with the shaft, and this projects beyond the bearing to receive the fly wheel, as shown. To prevent cutting, the eccentric which is of cast iron, has a babbitt-lined eccentric strap, and the rod is so secured to the strap as to permit of changing the valve position without removing the cover. The ram has large wearing surfaces, and is fitted with hardened steel pins, the distance between centers being such as to prevent undue vibration of the valve rod. The valve is of the piston type, and carefully ground to fit its cages. To prevent corrosion, brass glands are provided for the stuffing boxes. The fly wheel is heavy, to secure steady running. All reciprocating parts are counterbalanced. The cylinder, valve and piston are made of special metal, insuring a uniform wearing of parts. Our attention has been called to a number of the Buffalo Horizontal Self-contained Engines, which have been run for months without internal lubrication. The cylinder design and method of securing frame ensure perfect alignment, at the same time preventing leakage at the joints. No wrought iron is used in any part. Means for adjustment are provided at all wearing surfaces. The lubrication is positive under any speed. As will be observed by the engraving on page 10, these horizontal engines are also built and furnished with outer bearings and fly wheels. The general points of construction and material are similar to the self-contained engines described in full above. Very largely, the durability of an engine is dependent upon the simplicity of its construction, and the Buffalo Horizontal Engines upon this point have distinct advantages in their favor. From the erection floor, every engine goes to the testing room, where it is piped to steam at the pressure under which it is to operate, run continuously under conditions of regular service, valve set by indicator, and otherwise thoroughly inspected. Each engine is supplied with a full complement of sight-feed oilers, and necessary wrenches, suitable for every bolt and nut thereon. Where these engines are used for supplying power for various machinery, and whenever required, they are furnished with a standard governor of approved design. For table of detailed dimensions, horse-power, etc., of the different sizes, see page 1 1. 13 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class " B," Center Crank, with Single Valve. Back Side View, Showing Plain Pulley. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Class "B," Horizontal Center-crank Type. THE Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Horizontal Center-crank Engines are built in two styles: Class "A," self-oiling and enclosed, described and illustrated on the thirteen succeeding pages, and Class " B " by the cut opposite and the matter below. The former, as will be seen by the details presented, is designed solely for the highest class service required in steam engineering. The wide demand for an engine of moderate cost, affording speed regulation equally close to that of the most expensive, together with positive reliability, has induced us to offer the latter. As a comparison of the engraving on the preceding page with those on pages 16 and 20 will clearly show, the frame, sub-base and general appearance of the two engine classes are identical. The description and construction details of the Class "A" type, therefore, will suffice for Class " B," with the exception that it should be observed the latter does not run in oil, is furnished without polished bed, with cast steel connecting rod, the crank shaft and crosshead being of gun metal unless otherwise specified in ordering. The workmanship, finish and materials of the working parts of this engine in all other details outside of the above exemplify the most approved methods of nicety in engine building. Continuous oilers of large capacity and approved make are supplied for all recipro- cating parts. No special table of dimensions of the Class " B " type is herewith presented for the reason that the one appearing on page 27 for the Class "A" type gives all needed measurements for this design. These engines may be furnished with one or two pulleys, as may be ordered. The Class " B " Buffalo Center-crank Horizontals may be supplied with the Gardner, Judson or other standard throttling governors, where desired. Inquiries for prices on the center-crank engines with throttling governors should specify the make, if there be any choice. The Buffalo Fan System of Ventilating and Heating is not only used for mills, factories, etc., but scarcely any of the magnificent public buildings are now built without this system is intro- duced to all portions that it is feasible to heat and ventilate in this manner. As a feature of con- venience, a separate engine for driving the fan is almost invariably employed. Whether direct con- nected to the shaft of the fan, or belted to it, the engine in steam economy and smooth running must be far superior to those of similar size manufactured for general power purposes, at the same time with not too great an advance of cost. These points are fully embodied in the Class " B." LOW-PRESSURE ENGINES. For schools, churches and similar buildings, where the entire heating system is essentially operated under low pressure, we manufacture a line of low-pressure engines of the center-crank type, both with automatic and throttling governors. While the require- ments ordinarily are to run a steam pressure of from 10 to 20 Ibs., many of the Buffalo engines in low-pressure plants are regularly operated with only 5 Ibs. of steam excepting in extreme weather. As is well known, the highest steam economy occurs in engines running under comparatively high pressure; but in buildings of the above class, the exhaust steam being utilized in the heater in heating the building, this is a factor of small consideration. The fan engine exhaust never exceeds in volume the amount of steam required to heat the building. A list of sizes of both the low-pressure upright and horizontal engines will be found on succeeding pages. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Center Crank, with Single Valve. Front Side View, Showing Governor and Steam Chest. 16 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Class "A," Horizontal Center-crank Type. TO-DAY'S requirements in steam engineering, particularly for the electrical trade, demand unvary- ing high rotative speed, short stroke and self-contained construction. This further means a maximum horse-power in a minimum floor space. Economy in dynamo driving, be the service for electric lighting or power purposes, is chiefly dependent upon perfect speed regulation. In this, the Class "A," Buffalo Center-crank Horizontal Engines afford the highest refinement attainable. The following description illustrates the prevailing nicety of treatment of construction details. SUB-BASE. Each Class "A" Engine, whether direct coupled to a generator or used separ- ately, is provided with a heavy cast iron base, in form harmonizing with the frame. The usual foundation cap-stone may be dispensed with, as the base affords a substantial finish to the brick coursing of proper height for ample floor clearage of the wheels. THE FRAME is of the center-crank style, with bored guides and overhanging cylinder cast on. It is of massive and compact build, an unusual amount of metal being introduced into the upper part, thus avoiding any perceptible spring, no matter how great the strain may be. As the detailed sectional engravings on pages 24 and 26 show, the frame arrangement is such that oil wasted from the bearings ultimately returns to the crank pit. From this it may be drawn and filtered for further use. GOVERNOR. Action simultaneous with the load is the prime feature of value in a governor, and upon simplicity does its attainment largely depend. Careful examination, as well as results, show that this is hereby brought to the finest point which can be reached in any governor. There are four adjustments : First, by tightening the spring ; second, by moving spring ; third, the slotted arm (shown by the special engraving) ; fourth, by moving the weight on lever. The action of all automatic governors in controlling the speed of an engine is quite similar, and in this no claim is made for peculiar features. Upon the special arrangement of the spring attachment and methods of counter- balancing the eccentric and its accessories, exclusive patents have been obtained, covering these points so vital to a fine speed regulation. It will be observed that the second governor adjustment above referred to is secured by means of a steel box with pivoted washers cast on the arm of the wheel, so arranged that the spring attachment may be moved up or down in the notches provided. A distinguishing feature of this governor is the perfectly lubricated parts. Herein others are sadly defective, and without considerable attention will ultimately rust fast, rendering the governor useless. While the ordinary grease cups are provided, instead of depending wholly upon them, self-feeding oilers are placed on all pins, insuring positive lubrication. This detail has received much commenda- tion from leading steam engine authorities, as its value is at once recognized. That the lead of this 17 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Center Crank, with Single Valve. Rear End View, Showing Patented Oil-tight Hood. 18 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Class " A," Horizontal Center-crank Type Continued. engine is precisely the same under different points of cut-off, with all variations of load, is especially noteworthy. It is distinctively a unique and most valuable point attained in no other engine. VALVE. Owing to the difference of opinion and preference among engineers of established standing, concerning the two valve types in general use, /'. e. slide and piston, and the fact that each possesses individual merit, we produce a design of each, believing both to embody superior points of value. The Buffalo slide valve is perfectly balanced, rectangular in shape, with three openings through it. It is of uniform thickness, quite thin, and flat on its two sides. The space in which it works is formed by the valve seat, and a pressure plate with two distance pieces placed below and above. The balanced piston type is provided with a piston at each end, cast hollow to reduce weight and avoid bearing down on the steam chest, which is furnished with cages. Snap rings, fitted identical to the packing rings of piston described below, are used. With either valve type, provision is made for easy removal, adjustment, and ample relief of over-pressure by water in cylinder. Drawings illustrating full details of the arrangement of each will be submitted to intending purchasers where requested. THE VALVE MOTION on this engine embodies many advantages over horizontal or vertical ones, or the rocker arm or ball-bearing arrangements used in other engines. It is derived by means of an eccentric which carries the valve rod in a straight line, and is provided with means for adjust- ing any wear. The eccentric rod is connected to a ram box by bronze bearings, and to the strap by two jam nuts. The eccentric strap is oiled from a lubricator placed on a post on the top of the bed. The eccentric rod has but two bearings, a direct line passing through center of same, and they are coupled from the eccentric rod to a ram box bolted to the steam chest hood, insuring strength, rigidity and the utmost simplicity. This positively eliminates any twisting strain on either of the bearings. Original indicator cards will be mailed to intending purchasers. CYLINDER. All aje bored to standard sizes. The light piston used reduces the wear in cylinder to a minimum and renders the least liability to cut, should it accidentally become dry. Instead of bolting a separate head between the frame and cylinder, as is commonly done, the head is cast so as to form a part of the cylinder. This affords ease of alignment, fewer pieces, less joints and manifestly a neater job. In this construction, the smallest possible amount of heat is conducted to the engine frame. A handsome, highly-finished corrugated jacket covers the cylinder, with a dead air space between. To make the jacketing complete, the head is also provided with an air space. THE PISTON consists of a single casting cored very thin. A taper fit, shrunk together and riveted, secures it to the rod. Except by breakage, it cannot come off. While light, the piston is thoroughly braced, and is sufficiently strong for any reasonable strain. The packing consists of two or more rings turned larger than the cylinder and cut to an angle of 45. They are then sprung together 19 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Center Crank, with Single Valve. View Showing the Great Compactness and Solidity of Design. 20 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Class "A," Horizontal Center-crank Type Continued. by a special device, and turned to the exact cylinder diameter. They may be easily renewed. THE CROSSHEAD. The cuts on pages 24 and 28 clearly illustrate the construction. It is fitted with cast shoes filled with best babbitt metal, peined in, and then turned to a perfect fit in the guides. The large area and superior metal used in the slides, together with perfect lubrication, render adjustment of the guides rarely necessary. Should lost motion occur, provision is made for this being taken up in the wedge adjustment on the shoes, as is shown by the detailed engraving. This may be done without taking off the shoes or disturbing any other part of the engine.. It is far superior to thin sheets of metal or paper placed between the crosshead and the lower slide. The mere fact that an engine runs in oil does not solve the entire problem of properly lubricating all internal parts. Positive oiling of the crosshead pins is not secured in any other of the so-called self-oiling engines. We provide an admirable arrangement, /. e., a special cup with a concave lip, so that the oil cannot shake out by continuous action, but on the other hand fills at each revolution. CONNECTING ROD. The connecting rod is of forged steel. It is mortised at the crosshead end for the solid bronze metal boxes. A wedge adjustment, moved by an adjusting screw on top of the rod, is employed, and also at the crank end, which is of the locomotive type. The dimensions of the bearings of the connecting rod are most generous, and the rod is of ample length between centers. THE CRANK SHAFT is a single steel forging of the finest open-hearth steel. Double cast iron discs, carrying the counterbalance weights, are permanently secured to the crank forging. The unusually large and long shaft and crank pin bearings deserve particular comment. Their journals are finished by lead lapping or grinding. The accuracy of finish and alignment uniformly attained in these three most important bearings of an engine is of the highest order. Any tendency to spring the shafts cannot exist, as the length of the main bearings is greater than the distance between them. This also affords little chance for wear when belting from one fly wheel only. The counter weights of the crank are absolutely correct, and, without bolting down, these engines will run at the highest speed without moving from their position upon an oily foundation bed. MAIN BEARINGS. The main bearings are cast so as to form a part of the bed, and are set at an angle of 45. They are lined with the best babbitt metal, peined in, and then bored on a special boring mill to uniform sizes, thereby being made perfectly in line and square with the cylinder. Notwithstanding the load must always cause a slight springing of the shafts, though imperceptible, a full and perfect bearing is insured by the above. A close observation of the engraving will show that both main bearings and all parts are kept filled with oil, even if the engine be used on shipboard or other locations where it does not always set level. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Center Crank, with Single Valve. Back Side View, Showing Removable Side Plate and Direct Connected Generator. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Class "A," Horizontal Center-crank Type Continued. LUBRICATION. The desirable features of an automatically lubricated engine requiring no adjustment with the variable temperatures and conditions of oil, need no emphasis. This result can only be secured by running the engine in oil, dispensing with all feasible oil cups. That the entire oiling system be of the most positive order is of supreme importance. We invite the most critical inspection of every detail, which we guarantee to be absolutely positive and perfect. The crank discs are covered by a light dust-proof hood, fitted to the top of the engine frame, entirely without bolts or other fastenings of any description. This hood is built in a unique form, and unlike others is really oil-tight. It is readily removable. An oil-tight side plate encloses the crosshead and guides, and affords ready access thereto. The fastenings consist of cap screws, which are far superior to cam handles, as the oil is always oozing from the latter. No oil can possibly get to the belts or floor. The unique construction of main bearings ensures a minimum amount being drawn to the fly wheels, and any oil finally escaping is caught and held by the flanges thereon. All particles of sand and dirt are removed from the inside of the engine bed, and portions that oil comes in contact with are pickled with sulphuric acid and thoroughly cleaned. Centrifugal force, derived by the motion of the discs, delivers the oil into oil cups and main bearings. It is then forced to the crank shaft bearings and returned to the oil chamber under the crank disc, as clearly shown by cuts on pages 24 and 26. The holes through which the oil passes to the crank are one-half inch in diameter ; therefore not easily stopped up. They are straight throughout their length, to permit of their being conveniently cleaned. The amber color of good engine oil, after continued use in the enclosure, is always a subject of comment. A sight-feed lubricator, of large capacity and approved make, is supplied for oiling the cylinder and valve. All cups and other brass work about the engine are finished and nickel plated. Note that only enough oil should be supplied that the crank disc will dip about an inch into it. A greater quantity is not desirable, as it will cause a churning action. The oiling system in this engine is most cleanly and thoroughly efficient. DRAIN COCKS. Both cylinder ends and the steam chest are provided .with nickel drain cocks, also the oil chamber underneath the crank discs. The cylinder valves are of Jenkins Bros, make and highly finished. ACCESSORIES. A complete set of wrenches accompanies each engine, also a finished wrench board for mounting, together with foundation bolts, anchor plates, finished capped nuts and a cylinder lubricator of approved make. A throttle valve, manufactured especially for the Buffalo Class " A " Engine, is also supplied. After a careful examination of the various ones in use, this was selected as the best obtainable. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Center Crank, with Single Valve. Side Section View, Showing Self-oiling Feature, Cylinder, Crank Pin and Crosshead Details. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Horizontal Center-crank Type, Classes "A" and " B." TABLE OF DIMENSIONS AND POWERS, HIGH-PRESSURE ENGINES. CYLINDER FLY WHEELS PIPES Diam. of Shaft, in Inches Weight Floor Space wit hout Required, Sub-base, in Inches in L bs. Revolutions per Minute Horse-power at K Cut-off and 80 Lbs. Steam Pressure Diam., in Inches Stroke, in Inches in Diam., Face, Inches in Inches Steam, Exhaust, n Inches in Inches 6 8 40 6/2 2 2/2 3/2 38 x 62 3000 350 to 400 16 to 19 7 8 40 6/ 2 2 2/ 2 3 '/ 2 38 x 62 3200 350 to 400 22 to 25 8 8 40 8/ 2 2/2 3 3*4 38 x 62 4000 300 to 350 24 to 29 8 10 48 8/2 2'/ 2 3 4/2 42 x 100 4900 300 to 350 31 to 35 9 10 48 9/2 3 3/2 4/ 2 48x100 6000 300 to 350 38 to 45 10 10 48 9/2 3 3/2 4/ 2 3/2 4 4/2 48 x 100 4200 175 to 250 14 to 19 12 10 48 9/, 4 4>/ 2 48 x 100 6350 150 to 225 14 to 22 15 8 48 9/2 3/2 4 4/2 48 x 100 6550 150 to 225 19 to 29 15 10 48 9/2 3/2 4 4^ 48 x 100 7000 150 to 225 24 to 36 Before leaving the works, each engine governor will be adjusted to maintain a constant speed at any stated number of revolutions per minute between the minimum and maximum above. If a desired belt velocity is given, the speed will be suited to it with the diameter of pulleys listed for the respective engines. Under a special agreement with purchasers, their engines may be equipped with different sizes of fly wheels than above given, and they are requested to specify with order the desired speed. All horizontal engines are regularly furnished to run over, /'. e., the top of fly-wheel pulleys moves away from cylinder. For electrical work, state system (arc or incandescent), name of dynamo, manufacturer and capacity. For direct connection, an arrangement for the usual special sub-base must be made, and detailed drawings of the generator supplied. LOW-PRESSURE ENGINES may be furnished with automatic governors which will regulate perfectly at ordinary speeds, or where preferred, with approved forms of throttling governors. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Horizontal Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Center Crank, with Single Valve. View of Cross Section Through Main Bearings, Showing Methods of Lubrication. Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Classes "A" and " B," and Low-pressure Horizontal Center-crank Type. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. 1 1 PIPES Diam. Engine A fc F G H I J K L M N P R T Steam, Exhaust Bolts for Founda- 1 in Inch. in Inch. tion 6x 8 66% 18 15%, 9 1M 21 20 6% 8 40 19^ 19K 153/ isx 36 2 2/2 X 7x 8 66% 18 15# 9 1^ 21 20 6/2 8 40 19}< WY* 153/ 15% 36 2/2 3 X 8x 10 83% 21 X 20/2 \\y 2 3X 29 24 Q/2 11 48 23ft 247/ s \97/ 8 18ft 40 2/2 3 H 9x 10 83^ 21^ 20/ 2 \\/ 2 3X 29 24 9K 11 48 233^!24^ 19^ 18ft 40 3/2 H 10 x 10 83% 21tf 20y 2 \\y 2 3^ 29 24 9/ 2 11 48 23ft\247/ s 197/s 183/ 8 40 ! 3 3>/ 2 7 A 10 x 12 108^ 30 3/ 27% 13H 3^ 34^ 27 \0)4 12^ 54 28' 293^ 233/ 22 52 3 3/2 i 11 x 12 \08/ 2 30 X 27% 13ft 3^ 34^ 27 10K 123/i 54 28 293/12334' 22 52 3/2 4 i 12 x 12 \08y 2 303^ 27% 133/8 3^ 34^ 30 10^ 123^: 60 28 293^ 233/ 22 52 3/2 4 i 13 x 12 108/2 30% 27% 13ft 3% 34^ 30 10J^ 123^ 60^28 29^!233/ 22 52 3^2 4 i 12 x 14 123ft 29/ 2 33ft \S%\4X 40 30 10^ 143^ 60 32 30 25 23 60 3/2 4 1^ 13x 14 123/g 29^ 33ft 15% 4^ 40 36 12^ 143/! 72 32 30 25 23 60 5' 6 1^ 14x 14 123/ 8 29/ 2 33ft 15% 4j/ 40 36 \2/ 2 143/ 72 32 30 25 23 60 5 6 i}i i4x 15 123ft 29/ 2 33ft 15% 4% 40 36 \2V 2 \ 14%\ 72 32 30 25 23 60 5 6 1$ ISx 15 125 29)4 33ft\S% 4% 40 36 12/2 1 \4% 72 32 30 25 23 60 6 7 iy& 10 x 8 66% 18 \5% 9 1% 21 27 8>/2 8 40 1954: 19^ 153/ 153/ 36 3 3/2 x 12 x 8 83^ 21 X 20/2 H/2 3X 29 27 9/ 2 11 40 233^ 24^ \97/ s 183/6 40 3/ 2 4 H 12 x 10 83^ 21 X 20/ 2 ll/2 3X 29 27 9'/ 2 \ 11 48 2334 24^ W/s 18341 40 3/2 4 % 15x 8 83^ 21 tf 20^:11^ 3% 29 27 9)41 11 48 233^ 24^ 19% 183/8 40 3/2 4 7 /8 15x10 83% 21 % 20^1 IK 3% 29 27 9/2' 11 48 24ft 25^ 19^ 183/8 40 3/ 2 4 # 27 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Class "A," Horizontal Type. Details of Parts. Section of Crosshead. Crosshead and Device for Oiling Pin. Buffalo Automatic Governor. 28 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Classes "A" and " B," Horizontal Center-crank Type. TABLE OF HORSE-POWER AT VARIOUS INITIAL PRESSURES AND SPEEDS, CUTTING OFF AT ONE-QUARTER STROKE, FOR HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM PLANTS. 03 4> E*- c O C N N N M * # 10 Revolut per Min rt w in 1 X o x r- X oo X en X Si X o X O X X N X n iH X N IH X M x 1-1 X X 10 H r- 40 60 80 100 5.66 9.59 13.16 16.8 7.07 12.1 17.2 22.3 9.64 16.3 22.9 29.6 12.9 20.2 28.5 36.8 14.6 25.1 35.5 45.9 18.6 31.6 44.6 57.7 22.1 37.9 53.5 69.2 26.2 45.1 63.9 82.8 31.9 54.2 76.4 98.8 36.7 63. 89.2 115. 37.4 63.8 90. 117. 42.7 73.3 110.9 135. 51.1 86.6 122. 158. 54.7 92.7 130. 169. 60.9 107.5 154. 200. M 40 60 80 100 , 6.19 10.2 14.3 ,18.4 7.73 13.2 18.8 24.3 10.4 17.6 24.8 32.1 12.7 22. 31. 40.2 16. 27.5 38.9 50.4 20.3 34.5 48.6 62.9 24.4 41.4 58.4 75.5 28.6 49.2 69.8 91.3 10 r- IH 23.3 40. 56.8 73.5 24. 40.7 57.4 74.4 27.5 47.2 66.9 86.7 32.7 55.5 78.2 101. 35.7 60. 85.1 109. 38.5 66.1 93.7 121. c M 40 60 80 100 7.19 1 1.9 16.6 21.3 9.04 15.5 22. 28.5 12.1 20.6 29. 37.6 14.6 25.2 35.8 46.3 18.6 31.9 45.3 63.9 23. 39.5 56.1 '72.9 1 19.1 32.8 46.5 60.2 23.3 39.5 55.8 72.2 26.6 45.8 64.9 84. 27.7 46.7 66.6 85.1 31.5 54.1 76.7 98.3 37.8 64.1 90.6 116. 40.4 67.5 95.2 123. 43.3 74.3 105. 136. o s 40 60 80 100 8.24 13.6 19. 24.5 10.4 17.9 25.4 33. 13.4 23. 32.7 42.4 16.8 28.9 41.1 53.2 21.3 36.5 51.8 67.1 ** 18.3 31.7 43.8 56.7 21.5 36.9 52.3 67.7 26.2 44.6 62.8 81.4 29.8 51.3 72.7 94.1 30.9 52.4 73.9 95.6 35.3 60.7 86. 111. 42.6 71.5 100. 130. 44.7 75.9 107. 138. 49.8 85.5 121. 157. o 10 40 60 80 100 9.29 15.3 21.4 27.6 11.6 19.9 28.2 36.5 15.1 25.9 36.9 47.7 O a N 12.9 22.2 31.5 40.8 15.8 26.9 38. 49.2 20.2 34.5 49.6 62.9 23.9 41. 58. 75.2 29.1 49.4 69.7 91.2 33.5 57. 80. 104. 34. 57.7 81.8 105. 39. 67.2 95.3 123. 46.6 79.1 111. 144. 49.7 84.3 119. 154. 55.5 95.3 135. 174. FOR LOW-PRESSURE SERVICE, THREE-QUARTER CUT-OFF. SS 3 s c V E 3 00 90 O 90 O 3 0 2. E ^ > V, o! W 0) W w X o X N ^ H X X 10 CI- / 2 , 3 12 18 ;45^ 30x36^ 250 to 400 5 to 8 1000 6 62 2Vi 36 Q l / 2 3 14 21 52X 36x43^ 250 to 400 8. 6 to 13.8 1200 33 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engine, Single Upright Type on Cast Iron Sub-base. Class "A," Enclosed Cylinder, Running in Oil. Built for High and Low Pressures. View Showing Governor and Removable Side Plate. 34 Buffalo Automatic Cut-off Engines, Single Upright Type, Classes "A" and " B," on Cast Iron Sub-bases. FOR years, authorities on steam engine practice have recognized the value of high-speed horizon- tal engines running in oil. The Buffalo is the first upright to adopt this self-oiling feature, and it is equally as valuable as in the horizontal. Several patents have been obtained, covering the application and arrangement of self-oiling parts. Two large oil-tight side plates or doors afford ready access to the interior parts. Repairs, therefore, may be made with the utmost ease under adverse circumstances. The crank shafts may be readily removed without displacing the engine. The steam chests are thoroughly lagged to reduce condensation to a minimum. Each upright is furnished with two unusually heavy wheels. The rocker arm of antiquity and its substitutes have been studiously avoided in this design. The governor, valve, crosshead, and all parts except the frame, are iden- tically the same design and high-grade construction as employed upon the automatic cut-off horizon- tals. The oiling features of this engine are so regulated that the lubrication is equally thorough at a minimum or maximum speed. Forged steel shafts are used exclusively. This engine may be furnished in two classes : Class "A," enclosed and running in oil, as shown by cut, and Class " B," outfitted with the usual complement of sight-feed oilers of large capacity. Each engine is supplied with a full set of finished malleable iron wrenches, a throttle valve of approved make and anchor bolts. The Buffalo Automatic Upright Engine has marked advantages in its favor. Floor space is reduced to a minimum, and the comparatively short stroke affords low height. For direct-connected generator service, these engines possess unique adaptability and merit not found elsewhere. Constant co-operation with dynamo manufacturers has resulted in our being able to offer the most valuable single or double upright engines obtainable. LOW-PRESSURE UPRIGHT ENGINES. Observe that the last four sizes in the table given below (indicated by*) are designed for low-pressure steam, and with special reference for heating and ventilating plants in schools, churches, etc. TABLE OF DIMENSIONS AND POWERS. CYLINDER PIPES FLYWHEELS SHAFT HEIGHT Floor Space Revolutions Horse- Weight Without Diam., in Inch. Stroke, in Inch. Steam, in Inch. Exh., in Inch. Diam., in Inch. Face, in Inch. Diam., in Inch. Sub- base, ToCen. Shaft, Total Required, in Inches M^ute P wer Base in Inch. in Inch. 4 4 IX l# 30 5 2/2 9 18 48 30 x30 400 to 550 4.1 to 5.5 1000 5 5 W 2 30 6 3 9^ 18 55 30 x30 350 to 500 7 to 10 1200 6 6 2 2/ 2 36 6 3 10 21 63 36 x36 300 to 400 10 to 13.8 1400 6 7 2 2y 2 36 6 3 10 21 .63 36 x 36 300 to 400 12 to 16 1600 8 8 2% 3 40 6 3 1 A ll# 23 74 37X x 40 250 to 350 20 to 29 2300 10 10 3 3^ 48 10 V/ 2 ts# 28 85 44 x 48 200 to 300 32.4 to 48.6 4000 10 12 3 3/ 2 48 10 4^ 15# 28 87^: 44 x 48: 200 to 300 38.9 to 58.4 4000 *12 8 3 3/ 2 48 10 4^ 16# 28 80 42 K x 48 200 to 300 14 to 23 4000 *13 8 3/ 2 4 48 10 4^ 16# 28 82 42X x 48 200 to 300 17 to 25 4000 15 8 3/2 4 48 10 4^ 16^ 28 82 42^ x 48 200 to 300 25 to 30 4000 IS 10 W 4 48 10 4^ 16tf 28 84 44 x48 200 to 300 27 to 43 5000 35 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Duplex Type, for Mechanical Draft. Double Enclosed Upright Engines, Cylinders Beneath the Shafts, Right and Left-hand Up-blast Fans, with Overhung Wheels and Water-cooling Bearings. 36 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Mechanical Draft. GENERAL REMARKS. To large steam consumers, operating and professional engineers, no timely subject is of more intense interest than that of mechanical draft. Its growth has been most rapid with the development of electricity and the general improvement of steam plants. Economy of the electric traction or lighting plant is now conceded to be the main feature in the success or failure of such a venture. Far different is this aspect to that existing during the earlier history of central power stations, when they were frequently located without the benefit of advanced practice or the advice of qualified engineers. Because mechanical draft is the prime factor of relief in old, and likewise the first aid to economy in new plants, is an easy explanation of its growing popularity. The application of mechanical draft assumes three general forms : 1st, Induced draft by the installation of fans to serve as a chimney. 2d, Forced draft by applying fans to force air beneath boiler grates. 3d, The combination of induced and forced draft, obtained by fans applied to serve both purposes or by separate fans for each. The selection of the proper type to render the highest economy, primarily depends upon the fuel to be consumed, and the various conditions of the steam plant to be outfitted. It is readily seen, therefore, that no single one of these three applications of mechanical draft will give the best results in all cases, but that every boiler plant must be carefully treated individually. Those controlling the culm banks of Pennsylvania and other anthracite coal sections are now directing attention to the utilization of this accumulation of years. Early use of the primitive steam jet for culm fires soon showed the necessity of a fan to secure unvarying high efficiency. Culm is no exception to better grades of coal and demands sufficient air for maximum combustion. The pioneer mechanical draft plants for burning culm were installed by this house, and after long continued use are, to-day, forcible examples of demonstrated feasibility of deriving from this waste a surpris- ingly great efficiency compared with higher grades of coal. Not only in this but in other types of mechanical draft have fan manufacturers endeavored to copy application details, originated and perfected by this house. Complete test records of steam plants, including not only those replete with all accessories to a modern outfit, but a variety of those more limited in equipment, are now in course of preparation, and will be cheerfully supplied to intending purchasers. INDUCED DRAFT has become the most common form of mechanical draft in power plants, and is ordinarily used in conjunction with fuel economizers. The following is an extract from a paper read by Mr. Wm. R. Roney, at the Montreal meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, in 1894, and is based upon the practice of Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., engineers. " The importance of good draft, natural or artificial, for supplying sufficient oxygen for the eco- nomical combustion of fuel, has long been recognized by intelligent engineers. The gain, both in efficiency and capacity, obtained by the' rapid and energetic combustion of the various kinds of coal, and the resulting high furnace temperatures, is well established. Its importance has, however, been 37 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Duplex Type, for Mechanical Draft. Single Engines, Cylinders Beneath the Shafts, Right and Left-hand Up-blast Fans, with Overhung Wheels and Water-cooling Bearings. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Mechanical Draft. Continued. generally conceded only within a few years. To obtain this high furnace temperature requires draft sufficiently strong to deliver an abundant supply of oxygen to the furnace. " Although the idea is by no means a new one, yet it is only within a few years that mechanically induced draft has been much used or installed on a large scale. Previously it had been used, with a few exceptions, for the purpose of improving poor draft by helping out an insufficient or an overloaded chimney. The largest and most successful applications of mechanically induced draft have been made in connection with feed-water heaters designed to utilize the waste heat of the flue gases, and known as fuel economizers. This form of feed-water heaters has been manufactured in England for over fifty years. They, have, however, been imported for many years, as their value as a fuel-saving device is well established. Their successful operation is so dependent upon good draft, that no well- informed engineer would think of installing an economizer without making provision for much better draft than the boilers would require without it. On account of the reducing effect on the draft caused by lowering the temperature of the gases and retarding their flow by the mechanical interfer- ence of the pipes, it cannot be considered good engineering to attach an economizer to a chimney less than 200 feet in height. In fact, the best working economizers in connection with chimneys are those where the chimney is considerably over 200 feet high. "The objections to be urged against tall chimneys, as compared with mechanical exhaust draft, when used with economizers, are : 1st, Excessive cost, both on account of the height required and on account of foundations, which must of necessity be very substantial, and which may involve expensive piling and filling. 2d, The space required for foundations, which may be very valuable, especially in large cities, or may be required for other purposes and which can with difficulty be spared. A chimney 250 feet high will require foundations not less than 30 feet square, and in some cases much more. 3d, A certain minimum temperature of flue gases is required to produce an effective draft and to operate the boilers economically, and this fact limits the amount of econ- omizer heating surface which can be used, and consequently the fuel saving obtained by use of the economizer. The same fact operates unfavorably at small capacities, which are often unavoidable, when the chimney must be built large enough for future increase of the boiler plant. 4th, A chimney once built limits the maximum capacity of the boiler plant, and also is liable to be affected by atmospheric changes which may seriously impair its efficiency. " These objections to the tall chimneys, which are so essential to the use of economizers, do not hold with mechanical draft. The first cost of a properly designed mechanical draft plant is very much less than that of a suitable chimney of equal capacity, usually averaging 50 to 60 per cent, less, according to the size of chimney and character of foundations required. The fans and short stack require very little foundations, even less than that of an ordinary boiler setting. The space usually required for extensive chimney foundations can be utilized for economizers, and by elevating the economizers and fans upon beams and columns, the space underneath them can be used for pumps, condensers, etc., as illustrated by the engraving on page 46. The space thus saved is often of great value, especially where land is expensive. 39 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Duplex Type, for Mechanical Draft. View of Inlet Side. Single Engines, .Cylinders Beneath the Shafts, Right and Left-hand Up-blast Fans, with Overhung Wheels and Water-cooling Bearings. 40 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Mechanical Draft. Continued. "Natural draft requires that the gases in the chimney be above a certain minimum temperature in order to secure a proper supply of oxygen in the furnace and good combustion of the fuel, whereas with mechanical exhaust draft the amount of draft obtainable is entirely independent of the tempera- ture of the flue gases, and when used in combination with a properly-proportioned economizer it is possible to lower their temperature to a point where the draft of even a very tall chimney would be practically destroyed. Mechanical draft possesses great advantages over natural draft in its flexibility and adaptability to both large and small capacities, and in its ability to meet sudden and excessive demands for steam, either by an extra turn of the throttle valve, or by an automatic regulator con- trolling the steam supply to the fan engine according to the boiler pressure. It is unaffected by atmospheric changes, furnishing the desired amount of draft irrespective of conditions of wind or weather. Operating independently of the amount of heat in the stack, it is possible to obtain a higher temperature of feed water in the economizer, and a lower temperature of escaping gases than could possibly be obtained with a chimney, and at the same time provide sufficient draft to maintain rapid and economical combustion of the fuel. A mechanical draft plant properly designed, with duplicate fans and engines of suitable construction, so arranged that one is always in relay, can be made so reliable that the boilers cannot be shut down by any ordinary accident. With the fans properly designed and proportioned to the work, the power required to operate them is so small as to practically have no effect on the economy obtained. "Mechanical exhaust draft handles a large amount of heated gases with slow speed exhaust fans at a low pressure, and with a small expenditure of power. To illustrate : The writer recently designed a mechanical draft and economizer plant for 6,000 h. p. of water-tube boilers, providing duplicate large slow-running fans of special design, each driven by an independent engine, and each having a capacity, estimated in pounds of coal burned per hour, sufficient to develop 25 per cent, in excess of rating, or 7,500 h. p. The power required to drive one fan to do this work was six-tenths of one per cent, of the boiler horse-power developed. Or, estimated in coal per horse-power per hour, and at $3.00 per ton, the fuel cost of operating the plant one year was two per cent, of the estimated cost of the chimney originally planned for the plant. In other words, // would not pay to build the chimney so long as money was worth more than two per cent, per annum. "The illustration of 'A Complete Boiler House,' on page 46, showing boilers, stokers, circulating economizer, mechanical draft, feed pumps, and condenser will be of interest. In this illustration the economizer is elevated upon columns and beams to provide for utilizing the space under the economizer for feed pumps, condenser, etc. The exhaust fans, of which there are two placed side by side, are equipped with double direct-connected engines, only one engine showing in the illustration, the other being on the farther side. These fans and engines are of special design, with protected bearings, self-oiling and water-jacketed, to withstand the heat when the economizer is cut for cleaning or for repairs, and the hot gases pass directly to the fans. They are so proportioned to their work as to handle a maximum amount of gases with a minimum expenditure of power. The arrangement of the econo- mizer pipes and blow-off connections is worth noticing, in that it provides a means of blowing out 41 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Patented Nov. 5, 1895. Double Type, for Mechanical Draft. Single Engines, Left Hand Fans, Bottom and Top Horizontal Discharge, Overhung Wheels and Water-cooling Bearings. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Mechanical Draft. Continued. the sediment which may accumulate in the pipes, and at the same time a complete circulation is maintained in the economizer. "The following data will be of considerable interest, as showing in tabulated form the results obtained by economizers and mechanical draft in a number of plants in regular service. In every case the feed water was partially heated by exhaust-steam heaters, or in hot wells by condensed steam from various sources." TESTS OF ECONOMIZER AND MECHANICAL DRAFT PLANTS, SHOWING INITIAL AND FINAL TEMPERATURES OF FLUE GASES AND FEED WATER IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. Tests Gases Entering Economizer Gases Leaving Economizer Water Entering Economizer Water Leaving Economizer Gain in Tempera- ture of Water Fuel Saving, Per Cent. 1 610 340 110 287 167 16.7 2 505 212 84 276 192 19.2 3 550 205 185 305 120 12.0 4 522 320 155 300 145 14.5 5 505 320 190 300 110 11.0 6 465 250 180 295 115 11.5 7 490 290 175 280 105 10.5 8 495 190 155 320 165 16.5 9 541 255 130 311 181 18.1 The fans illustrated on pages 38, 40, 42 and 44 were built for Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co.'s installations. Many extensive mechanical draft and fuel economizer plants installed by them are now in operation or in process of construction in various parts of the country. Data from the later outfits show a continual increase in economy over the earlier plants. Briefly let us enumerate the chief points attendant upon the use of mechanical and natural draft. Chimney draft. 1st, Enormous waste of heat from unutilized escaping flue gases. 2d, Exces- sive first cost compared with that of properly-designed fans. 3d, Variable efficiency, contingent with atmospheric conditions. 4th, Inability to provide for increased capacity. 5th, Difficulty of regulating draft for varying requirements. 6th, Inefficient use of low grades of coal. 7th, Attendant smoke nuisance using bituminous coal. Practically the only good point the chimney possesses is its comparative freedom from cost of maintenance a minor item not always absent. Mechanical draft. 1st, Highest utilization of heat from flue gases, made possible by the improved forms of economizers. 2d, Low first cost compared with a chimney of usual dimensions for a given battery of boilers. 3d, Positive efficiency wholly unaffected by atmospheric conditions at all times. 4th, Ample provision for large future capacity. 5th, Perfect regulation of draft for sudden increased or decreased requirements. 6th, Complete combustion of low grades of coal attended with great reduction in fuel bills. 7th, Practical elimination of the smoke nuisance, using a certain mixture of hard and soft coals. 8th, Increased steam power of boilers, thereby guarding 43 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Patented Nov. 5, 1895. Double Type, for Mechanical Draft. Single Engines, Left Hand Fans, Bottom and Top Horizontal Discharge, Overhung. Wheels and Water-cooling Bearings. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Mechanical Draft. Continued. against impaired capacity during temporary repairs to a portion of the boiler plant. 9th, The small cost of maintenance. A careful resum'e of the authentic data published separately will at once clearly verify the above points, and we invite careful investigation of the Buffalo mechanical draft plants from engineers or corporations contemplating increasing or improving existing boiler plants, or the erection of new ones. The foremost consideration is economy, and this, with other features combined, producing the highest available efficiency and superiority, is invariably found in the outfits placed by this house. Original application details, derived from careful tests of extended experience, coupled with the co-operation of manufacturers of the most advanced forms of economizers, have resulted in obtaining results unattained by others. Attention is called to the fallacy of allowing first cost to be the deciding feature in placing contracts for this work. Too many examples to-day show the error of such pur- chases, where fans of inadequate size have been installed by other manufacturers, attended with frequent expense for repairs, and, what is worse, the annoyance of impaired capacity during such periods. The provision for future needs has also thereby been eliminated. That the character of Buffalo fans and engines, and the facilities for producing and installing them for mechanical draft excel all others, is clearly shown by the larger number in use and the unquestionably superior results obtained therefrom. The construction of the Buffalo Steel Plate Fans for mechanical draft is special throughout. Duplicate fans are usually employed and so placed that the flue gases may readily pass through either separately or both at the same time, this feature being secured by means of suitable dampers. Reference to the engravings will show several forms of dampers adapted to the various arrangements of fans. The fans are of steel plate, heavily braced with angle and " T" irons, the entire construction being such that the direct heat of the flue gases passing through the fans when the economizer is disabled or at other times will cause no distortion by reason of expansion. The fan wheels are invariably overhung, with the bearings next to the fan provided with special water-cooling boxes suitable for a flow of water at city pressure, without leakage. The various types of single and double engines described from pages 54 to 84 are employed, the most approved being the enclosed double. An extra pulley is often provided for the driving of scraper gear in connection with economizers or for other purposes. In addition to the various designs of single and double engines herein described, Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans for Mechanical Draft may be also furnished with double upright enclosed engines, cylinders above the shaft. Photographs and drawings of such construction will be supplied to prospective customers where desired, and for such cases as the use of this form is especially adapted. In passing, it may be mentioned that this engine is precisely the same as has been furnished by this house for the United States Government torpedo boats or battle ships, which is a sufficient recom- mendation as to the superiority of the type and construction details. Continuous running without cessation is one of the first requirements of such service, and is a factor which commends this style of engine for use in plants where duplicate fans ere not installed. 45 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Type for Mechanical Draft. Illustration of a Complete Steam Plant, with Economizers, Stokers, Boilers, etc. Engines Double Upright Enclosed, Right and Left Hand Up-blast Discharge Fans, with Overhung Wheels and Water-cooling Bearings. 4 6 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Forced Draft. FORCED DRAFT has been used for years, the original installations being principally for burning refuse materials, and for assisting boiler draft of natural low efficiency. The advancement to popular favor has been of healthy but gradual growth. In the early stage, it was commonly supposed that what would now be called in mechanical draft a high air pressure was absolutely essential to best results. As this type of mechanical draft has developed, it is noticeable that in succeeding repre- sentative plants, the velocity of air has been gradually decreased, until now it is generally recognized that the forced draft outfits showing the best results are the ones where a sufficient volume is used at the lowest pressure which secures complete combustion. Practical demonstration has established the fact that this is far more economical practice than using the same quantity of air at double the velocity. As is at once understood, the term " forced draft " used in connection with a steam plant refers to the forcing of the air under the grates. The favorite point of introduction into most boilers is through the bridge wall at the rear end of the grates. Where this arrangement is not feasible, however, equally efficient results are obtained through side walls, or further in front, using properly arranged dampers with convenient accessories for manipulation. The first blowers applied for forced draft and those now most widely used in small plants, also where refuse material such asbagassee, etc., is con- sumed, are the Buffalo " B " or Volume Type, described further on, having cast-iron shells, designed for the heaviest service, and capable of delivering air at high pressures. A number of special patented grates designed for forced draft, which are largely of the hollow-blast' type and require a blower in connection, have been introduced with considerable success. For all advanced forms of these the Buffalo Steel Pressure or " B " Blowers are peculiarly fitted, and are therefore employed by manu- facturers and users of such devices. The more complete steam plants of to-day are outfitted with mechanical stokers of approved form, of which the market affords several. In connection with these the Buffalo " B " Blowers have been generally adopted by those seeking durability and results of highest order. For forced draft outfits of more important size, also where coal is burned, either of high or low grades, the Buffalo Steel Plate Fans are generally used, and for this work are rigidly stayed and stiffened. In some cases they are built narrower than the standard type, with a wheel of relatively large diameter, to give high peripheral velocity at moderate speed. Forced draft has several direct advantages in its favor where certain conditions exist. The chimney of a given steam plant may be capable of handling the boilers excepting under adverse con- ditions of weather, when a blower properly applied needs only to be started and run during such periods. While the capacity of a chimney, either with forced or natural draft, is limited, the natural efficiency may be materially increased, so that if more boilers have been added than the chimney will properly handle without some assistance, this may be afforded by the blower. Another case where forced draft is especially valuable, is in the burning of screenings or low grades of fuel. It is here that direct application of draft to the boiler grates affords immediate and positive results. Throughout the anthracite coal sections, and at shipping points where there is a large accumulation of culm or screen- ings, many Buffalo Forced Draft plants in operation for years are to-day forcible examples of econ- 47 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Applied for Forced Draft. Sketch of a Typical Arrangement. Water Line Sectional View, Showing Introduction of Air Through the Bridge Wall. 4 8 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Forced Draft. Continued. omy and efficiency. The pioneer outfits were installed by this house, also all valuable and approved devices relating to application and regulation features since perfected were likewise originated. The smoke nuisance in cities where a portion of hard and soft coal is available, be it in the form of screen- ings or higher grades, also is at once solved by the Buffalo Forced Draft System. The proportion which secures the best and hottest fire is 75 per cent, of anthracite and 25 per cent, of soft coal. With this mixture, smoke is practically eliminated and steam plants thus operated come entirely within the limit of city ordinances. The proportion of this mixture has little to do with the efficiency of a forced draft apparatus, and, intelligently installed, excellent service will be obtained burning entirely anthracite or soft coal, or a mixture of different proportions. Occasionally objections to forced draft are urged, on the ground that with its use there is an out- ward leakage of gases and blow holes through boiler fires at different grate intervals. Such results only occur with poor applications and installation details, or with improper firing. The method of intro- duction of the air to the grates and the appliances therefor, figure conspicuously in the securing of maximum economy and efficiency, and attention is called herewith to the description and cuts on pages 51 and 52 of the various forms of cast-iron dampers patented by this house. Let the air supply to the fan be taken from around the boiler stack, thus heating it before it is delivered to the furnaces, for herein is embodied an important saving. It is highly desirable that the fan be driven by its individual engine, with the valve controlling the steam supply thereto equipped with the special arrange- ment for governing the speed of the engine, according to the draft requirements. In brief, the princi- ple of this consists of automatically supplying more steam to the engine when the boiler pressure lowers and less steam with the steam pressure increasing. This has been brought to so fine a point that practically a constant pressure is maintained on the boilers with proper firing. Many Buffalo Forced Draft plants in this city have been in successful operation for a period of years with no unusual repairs, and in many cases have shown a net saving of 30 per cent, in fuel bills with a relative gain in efficiency of 10 to 15 per cent., also practically abolishing the smoke nuisance. This exceptional record arises from the fact that before the introduction of the forced draft system the higher grades of coal were burned, while afterward hard and soft coal slack were consumed. Mechanical draft is now generally adopted for all large and important boats, and also for many of the smaller ones. Induced draft is used occasionally, and is growing in favor, but the more com- mon type in marine work, however, is forced draft. The closed stoke-hold system, /'. e., blowing the air into an enclosed boiler room, is widely used. Air is also introduced beneath the grates with a special arrangement of air-tight ash-pit doors and dampers, so connected that the draft is shut off when the doors are opened for firing. Owing to the small space available in marine work, direct-attached engines are employed with the fan construction and all other details arranged to occupy minimum space, all installations being special to suit the peculiar conditions of each boat. It is impossible to present herewith engravings which would illustrate comprehensively the manner of application of forced draft to marine boilers, but those intending to outfit boats, large or small, are requested to send for complete drawings of plants in ships of similar size, which will be 49 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Applied for Forced Draft. Elevation Showing Boiler Fronts, and Position of Air Duct, Fan and Engine. Plan Showing Air Duct, Arrangement of Connections to Boilers, Fan and Engine Location, etc. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Forced Draft. Continued. cheerfully furnished. They will give very clear ideas as to ordinary arrangements. Correspondence should be accompanied with a statement as to the number and size of boilers, steam pressure carried, space available for fans, and, if possible, a sketch showing desired relative position with reference to the grates of the furnaces. The heat of the boiler and engine rooms of many merchant marines is unbearable, but may be at once relieved by the same fan which is introduced for forced draft, by providing in the application to receive the source of air supply from that portion of the boat. Other parts of the vessel requiring ventilation may be readily accommodated where it is feasible to connect same to the fan by means of galvanized iron or other conduits. Forced draft was primarily used on shipboard to the end of securing increased speed, and without any reference whatever to economy, increased steaming capacity of boilers, ventilation of the fire rooms, closets, or other portions of the boat. All of these points are now considered and usually properly treated in the installation of mechanical draft plants of modern boats. While induced draft on shipboard is equally as efficient as forced draft in the matter of speed and steaming capacity of boilers, by reason of the necessity of drawing air to the boiler grates through the fire room, the other portions of the boat cannot be as readily ventilated with the same fan. The engravings appearing on pages 48 and 50 clearly illustrate the ordinary arrangement of a forced draft system to a battery of stationary boilers.the fan shown being of the three-quarter housing type, and communicating direct to the fires through an underground duct extending in front of the boilers, all as clearly shown by the outline illustrations. Careful examination of the sectional cut on page 48 will show the location and mode of operating the cast-iron dampers illustrated on page 52. This subject, a large power plant of a city electric light station, was selected by reason of showing the manner of connection to different types of boilers. Central steam heating and electric lighting stations in the great cities are generally situated where economy of room is of paramount importance. This creates the necessity of obtaining a max- imum steaming capacity in a minimum space. Of so great consequence is this point that the cost of the equipment which will show the best results is of little moment. Limitations of space often necessitate the suspension of fans from ceilings, also special construction, but all such requirements can usually be met to a nicety. It is in certain important work of this nature that the forced system of mechanical draft using Buffalo fans has been employed, obtaining a boiler capacity within a limited space impossible to secure by natural draft under the most favorable conditions, at the same time close economy of fuel. COMBINED INDUCED AND FORCED DRAFT applied to a battery of boilers is somewhat un- usual, but the Buffalo Special Steel Plate Fans have been thus employed with excellent results. Certain special boilers are designed particularly for induced and forced draft, and to these have applications been made, with the result of obtaining more than a regular amount of steaming capacity within a given space. Ordinary boilers have also been thus outfitted with considerably increased capacity. The combination may be installed in two ways, as follows : 1st. With two separate fans, one an induction and the other an eduction fan. 2d. With a single fan of special construction, having a Buffalo Regulating Dampers, For Forced Draft Plants. Type for Large Boilers. Type for Moderate and Small Sized Boilers, with Lever Attachment. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Applied for Forced Draft. Continued. web or divided wheel and two inlets, one to receive the intake of gases from the boiler stack, and the other to receive fresh air, the amount handled being regulated by an oscillating damper. The former arrangement is necessitated for the special boiler construction alluded to, and is also ap- plicable to large steam plants with ordinary water tube or tubular boilers with or without equipments of economizers and burning fuel of low grades. The fan for forcing air under the grates is usually somewhat the smaller of the two. The more, simple plants of combined induced and forced draft employ the one fan arrange- ment, which is built with two inlets and takes in unheatedair on one side. Connection, by means of a suitable pipe, is made with the chimney flue or smoke breeching of the boiler to the other side of the fan, thereby taking in the larger part of the flue gases. These are mixed with the fresh air taken in from the other side of the fan as it leaves the outlet and is being delivered to the ashpit of the fur- naces. From thence the air is forced through the grates to the fuel bed. Dampers are used on each side to regulate the proportion of air and flue gases admitted to the fan. Recently published tests of such apparatus using Buffalo Special Steel Plate Fans, show arj average temperature of the air discharged under the grates of 235 degrees, and naturally a great gain in efficiency over the same boilers without the device. When using the fan, but not heating the air supply, the increase also demonstrated the value of the outfit. In both cases the smoke reduction was very marked. BUFFALO DRAFT REGULATING DAMPERS in two styles are shown on the opposite page. The type selected in each instance depends upon the point of admission of the air to the boiler grates, and the size and construction of the boiler. As will be seen, these dampers are designed to communicate with a system of underground tile piping leading from the fan to the boiler fires. The sectional cut on page 48 clearly shows the position of the damper at the boiler when admitting air to the grates through the bridge wall. Where it is inconvenient to introduce the air currents through the bridge wall, a damper of somewhat different appearance is employed, with a special arrangement of levers. The regulation of the draft is so excellent, and, by means of the damper acces- sories for operating, at once so perfectly under the control of the fireman, that many consider it sufficiently adequate for practical economy without the addition of more expensive arrangements, whereby the speed of the fan and engine would be controlled according to the boiler pressure. Whether such automatic regulation be installed or not, the Buffalo Regulating Damper is of first im- portance, and cannot be easily dispensed with. These dampers are built in different sizes, to suit the various sizes of boilers. In making inquiries for forced draft plants, invariably mention the num- ber, size and types of boilers, maker, square feet of grate surface in each, also accompany the above data with a detailed description of the fuel burned, height and inside dimensions of chimney, and steam pressure carried. Provide a sketch or drawing showing convenient location of the fan and engine send too much information, rather than too little. We especially invite those contemplating the erection of new steam plants to confer with us respecting mechanical draft equipment. On the following 20 pages will be found descriptions and illustrations of the types of fans and engines commonly used in forced and mechanical draft outfits. 53 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Horizontal Engine. Fan Left Hand Top Horizontal Discharge. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 54 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. AS BUFFALO Special Steel Plate Steam Fans are generally used to accomplish unfrequent results, the nature of which often demands a variation in the form of construction even for the same class of service, they are always built to order. No standard list of these fans can here be presented which would cover all requirements. They are built in a large variety of sizes and styles, the dimensions of the fans being in each instance so proportioned as to especially adapt them to the work which it is desired to perform. A size and type of engine of ample power is selected which is well qualified to withstand all that is required of it under existing conditions. For high pressure or velocities of air, it would be necessary to run steam fans, as ordinarily built, at so high a rate of speed that the life of the engine would be of short duration. To overcome this difficulty for all such service, Buffalo Special Steel Plate Steam Fans are built with narrow wheels, the diameter being much greater than the usual proportion. The result is a correspondingly increased pressure of air secured by giving to the wheel a larger peripheral velocity and delivering the air through a comparatively small outlet. The engraving on page 64 is a good illustration of such fan proportions. Nine special designs of Buffalo Steam Fans are illustrated by the accompanying cuts. The one appearing opposite was built in 1887 for the United States Monitor "Miantonomah." The work required of the fan was to produce forced draft under the steamboat boilers, and also to ventilate different portions of the vessel. The conditions of the installation, which are common for similar work, necessitated strong, substantial construction, and the best grade of engine for high speed under continuous use. The arrangement and design of the engines are such that each has ample capacity to drive the fan independently. Both engines may be operated simultaneously, if desired, or the fan may be driven by either alone, thus always having one engine in reserve in case of accident, as is customary in electric plants. The engraving appearing on page 66 illustrates a type of fan constructed with single vertical enclosed engine for the United States Steamer "Galena." These machines were used for forced draft under the boilers, and the conditions of application were such that it was necessary to build four blowers in two sizes, in order to accomplish the desired results in the peculiar space at command for the position of the fans. Generally speaking, for marine and other duty requiring continuous operation the double type of engine is to be preferred to the single, unless there is an equipment of duplicate plants which are alternated in running. In an example like this, a single engine, properly designed and constructed, will render efficient service, and requires only ordinary attention. Since the practice of applying Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans for forced draft and ventilation has proven so eminently successful in the great ocean vessels, they are now not only being universally employed for all large boats, but are adapted to smaller ones as well. Small steamships can be venti- lated and supplied with a forced draft system for their boiler fires as readily as, and with results equal to, those of the larger ones. The engravings appearing on pages 67 and 68 are excellent examples of the styles and sizes of fans used for the more diminutive boats. For continuous running, and especially for high speed, the double upright enclosed engine embodies the acme of efficiency and durability. 55 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Horizontal Engine. Fan Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 56 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, For Mechanical Draft and Ship Ventilation, Etc. BUFFALO Steel Plate Steam Fans have been introduced extensively into ocean steamships. While, in many instances, the main desire is to secure perfect combustion of fuel and obtain the greatest steaming capacity of the boilers, the fans may usually be arranged to serve the double purpose of ventilating the entire ship, as well as blowing the furnaces. The full effectiveness of the steamboat boilers also is always assured, and it is entirely independent of the direction or force of the wind. By the proper application of these fans to marine boilers, so marked an increase of speed of the vessels has been noticed over their previous time, that owners of certain lines, who have observed the benefits derived from an initial fan, are speedily installing them into all their boats. In the example of marine boilers, especially, it is desirable to produce the largest amount of steam with the smallest amount of boiler space. Since the introduction of Buffalo Steel Plate Fans to this work, the space required for a given boiler capacity has been very materially reduced. In steamers equipped with Buffalo Steam Fan ventilation, the old form of ventilating pipes, the efficiency of which is very low and never reliable, especially under unfavorable conditions of the weather, is entirely dispensed with ; the whole dependence is, therefore, placed upon the fan. The first steam fan ever applied to a shipload of fruit (see page 56) was furnished by us for the West Indies Fruiting Steamer " Neptuno." Wonderful results have been accomplished by the use of this fan, and also by a large number of other Buffalo Steel Plate Fans upon similar boats. The machine is so placed in the " Neptuno " as to blow into the fire room, which is practically air-tight, and the air forced by the fan creates a uniform pressure therein. This may be regulated according to the speed of fan, of from two to five inches water column, and the air naturally seeks an escape through the readiest outlets, viz., the boiler grates. In the " Neptuno's " hold, thousands of bunches of bananas and other fruits are stored. Though the ship may be deterred several days from completing its trip in the usual time, the fruit invariably arrives in a remarkably preserved condition, the loss by decay being hardly noticeable, while formerly often a very great item. In 1892 Mr. John Maclntyre, a marine engineer of large experience, reports on the "Neptuno" fan, applied under his system of ventilating, as follows: "The 'Neptuno' has been running constantly for the past 19 months; she has made 35 voyages to Jamaica, and not met with any accident whatever. Steam pressure never varies even when cleaning fires, and fruit is always green. The blower has increased her speed two miles an hour, a point greatly appreciated by all interested in fruiting steamers, and also to many owners who wish for speed without ventilation. Since completing her 35th voyage after the installation of the blower, I have thoroughly examined the ' Neptuno ' fan ; a better, built and well-knit machine it would be hard to find." This fan has run without interruption ever since and replaces the air in the steamer " Neptuno " once every minute and a half. The economy in using Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans for fruiting steamers cannot be more clearly portrayed than in the fact that the cost is often more than saved in the decrease of the percentage of loss by decay in a single trip. 57 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Horizontal Engine (One in Reserve). Fan Three-quarter Housing Type, Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, With Double Horizontal Engines. THE majority of Double Horizontal and Upright Engine Fans herewith illustrated and described were originally designed especially for use on vessels of the United States Navy. High speeds, high boiler pressures and continuous operation, incident to the navy requirements, call for un- usually strong, substantial fans with engines of the highest grade of construction. Space is too limited to show and describe all of the designs of special fans with horizontal engines which have been built by this house for various requirements. Photographs of other types will be supplied upon request. The engraving on the opposite page illustrates engines of the same dimensions, one being placed on either side of the crank shaft, which is extended into the fan and forms a direct-attached machine by reason of the fan wheel being placed on the opposite end of the shaft. But one of the engines is intended for use at a time, the other rod being disconnected and held in reserve in case of an accident, although the design is such that both may be operated simultaneously, if desired. In the construction of this engine, the desirable point of being able to quickly change from the right to the left-hand engine, or the reverse, at the same time keeping a perfect balance, has been embodied. This feature is accomplished in the following manner. The disc is made sufficiently heavy on the side on which the pin is placed to counterbalance the crank and connections when the left-hand engine connected to the crank is in use. Then when the left-hand engine is disconnected and the right-hand engine is connected up, the pocket provided in the disc on the opposite side from the pin is filled with shot and the balance re-established for the right-hand engine when the left-hand engine is held in reserve. The pocket in which the shot is placed is stopped with a threaded plug inserted with a screw driver and makes a neat finish. It may be filled or emptied in a few seconds time. The crank shaft is of forged steel, of ample proportions, which is a distinguishing feature of all Buffalo Steam Fans. Sufficient space is left between the crank and the disc for the eccentric and a bearing of ample wearing proportions. The valves employed are of the piston type, carefully fitted up with cages and snap ring packing. They are attached to the valve stem by a simple yet efficient method, which permits of the removal of the valve, when required, with the greatest ease. Other general construction details are similar to those found in the Buffalo Center-crank Engines. The engraving shows a large fan in three-quarter steel plate housing, the lower portion of the scroll being brick work, and is used for blowing a battery of stationary boiler fires. On shipboard, full housing fans are more frequently employed, and where a double horizontal engine is desired, a cast-iron supporting base may be furnished, or the lower scroll of fan extend below the floor line. For forced and mechanical draft plants, the advantages of double horizontal and upright engines, so designed that each has ample capacity to drive the fan at its maximum speed, with the provision in both types of either engine being used separately or simultaneously, as desired, are obvious. A style of engine arranged in pairs, with inclined cylinders, may be readily furnished. One engine is always held in reserve. Under certain conditions, this design may well be chosen, though it is not widely used by reason of the other types embodying more desirable features. Buffalo Special Steel Plate Fans are built in various sizes and supplied with engines suited to all boiler pressures. 59 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Upright Engine. Engine Cylinders Beneath the Shaft. Fan Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 60 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, With Double Upright Enclosed Engines. THE foremost aim in producing this design of engine was to secure a type which would develop a large amount of power at high rotative but moderate piston speed. With the possibility of entirely enclosed working parts, the engine is thus particularly fitted for most efficient service in the numerous trying situations met in applying steam fans for forced draft. While some of the engine features are unusual, no deviation is made from established laws in proportion and design for the sake of novelty. Each detail is wrought with fitness to perform its particular function, and so that when assembled the result is a compact and symmetrical machine. As clearly shown by the engravings, the engine may be built wholly or partially enclosed, as desired. The oiling devices are positive and may be supplied in the several forms illustrated, or a common oiling chamber with tubes leading to the reciprocating parts may be used. The engine frame is rectangular, wider at the base than at the bearings. In the larger sizes, the cylinders are bolted to the base, which forms a part of the housing, and they are so arranged that the piston can readily be removed by withdrawing the bolts of the cylinder head and lower end of connecting rod, whereby the crosshead, cylinder head and piston can be lifted out without removing any other part. The steam chest is bolted to the cylinder, that it may be easily removed when desired. The crosshead slides are so joined to the frame as to enable adjustment for wear. They have special babbitt metal gibs to prevent cutting of slides, and clamp joints for the piston rods, which are bored tapered to receive the hardened wrist pin. The pistons are of the snap ring pattern, the rings of which are of special metal (permitting use for a long time without internal lubrication). The valve is of the piston type, steam being admitted at center instead of at the ends. The rods have large wearing surfaces, the crank end is lined with babbitt metal, and the crosshead end has phosphor bronze boxes with wedge adjustment. The crank end adjustment is similar to that of the marine engine ; the shaft is of forged steel, the cranks being opposite each other. The eccentric strap is lined with genuine babbitt, the bearings, which in their ratio are large, are bolted to the main housing, and lined with a special brand of babbitt metal, also fitted with our improved oiling ring, clearly shown by detailed engraving on page 76. While every portion is made as compact as possible, yet the arrangement is such as to give ready access to all parts of the engine without disturbing others. The stuffing boxes are provided with nuts which screw on to the glands, and while standard packing is employed, if so ordered and desired, approved metallic packing may be substituted. To prevent corrosion, brass glands are used for the rods; the valve rod is of steel, and fitted with hardened pin and clamp joint. The steam chest head has a phosphor bronze bushing to form a guide for the valve rod. The eccentric rod has means for adjusting valve without removing cover. No rocker or its substitute is used, the object being to reduce the engine details to the fewest possible number a great desideratum in all high-speed engines. A hand wheel on the shaft, that the engine may be thrown off the center, is provided. For certain classes of work, the variation in design of this engine described and illustrated on the two succeeding pages will be found preferable. 61 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Upright Enclosed Engine. Engine Cylinders Beneath the Shaft. Fan Right Hand Up-blast Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 62 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, With Double Upright Enclosed Engines. THE double engine shown by the engraving upon the opposite page is very similar in design to the pattern illustrated and described on the two preceding pages. A few variations of some of the details have been found desirable for requirements differing from those for which the orig- inal type was designed. The two forms afford engines adapted to ordinary and the very highest steam pressures which are carried, also a type which may be readily furnished with automatic governors for any use requiring a high-grade upright automatic engine. Buffalo Steel Pressure and "B" Volume Blowers hereinafter described, are frequently employed on adjustable bed combined with counter- shaft, upon which is also placed a double upright enclosed automatic engine of this type, giving a plant independent of other power. Being designed with particular reference to high speed, the double upright engines in connection with extra heavy Buffalo Steel Plate Fans and the combina- tions above mentioned, find wide use in rolling mills, foundries and various kindred industries. It will be noticed, by comparison of the engravings of the double upright engines, in the later type the steam chest is placed directly over the outward cylinder, and the eccentric is placed between the crank and the outside bearing. This affords the best possible distribution of steam, and as the eccentric is separate from the shaft in this construction, it permits of greater accessibility to the working parts than when the eccentric is cast to, and therefore is a part of, the crank shaft. The shafts throughout all the sizes are of very large diameter, with journals and crank pins, etc., like- wise increased in proportion over standard ratios to insure a maximum safety, efficiency and durability under high steam pressures. The double upright engine fans are unequalled for mechanical or induced draft in power plants and are employed in the largest outfits in operation in this country, usually in conjunction with fuel economizers. In such service, the fans are usually arranged in pairs and are built with over- hung wheels, water-cooling boxes and other departures from the regular form, to prevent the journals from heating and the working parts from destruction by the action of the gases produced in fuel com- bustion. The fan housing also receives special attention, and is thoroughly braced with heavy angle iron frames, which hold it rigid under all strains. Smoke stacks are frequently placed directly on top of the housing, where fans are employed in connection with fuel economizers and the induced draft systems. The lubrication of the Buffalo Double Upright Engine is accomplished in a uniform and posi- tive manner, a result obtained only by the method employed in this and other types of uprights manufactured by this house, fully described on the accompanying pages. An honest investigation of every detail of this engine can have no other result than an acknowledgment of unequalled construc- tion and design. Prominent features are, a heavy frame with width of base that gives greatest stability, accessibility for packing and repairs by means of the large dust-proof doors, and large sur- faces of all parts subject to wear. Hardened pins are employed wherever possible, and a special composition of metals is used for the cylinders and valve, while every wearing part has ready means for adjustment. Simplicity of construction, and highest grade of material and workmanship (upon which depends durability), could not be combined to greater advantage. 63 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Enclosed Upright Engine. Engine Cylinders Beneath the Shaft. Fan Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 6 4 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Enclosed Upright Engine. Engine Cylinders Beneath the Shaft. Fan Right Hand Down-blast Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 65 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Single Enclosed Upright Engine. Engine Cylinder Beneath the Shaft. Fan Right Hand Down-blast Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Forced Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 66 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Double Single-acting Engine. Engine Enclosed Running in Oil, Cylinders above Shaft. Fan Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 67 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Single Upright Engine. Engine Cylinder Beneath Shaft. Fan Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge, with Overhung Wheel. For Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. 68 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Various Engine Types for Mechanical Draft, Ship Ventilation, Etc. BUFFALO DOUBLE ENCLOSED UPRIGHT ENGINES. On pages 60 to 64 we illustrate and describe two forms of the Buffalo Double Upright Enclosed Engines, and on page 65 appears an illustration of another type, being more recent in design than the others. The original installation of this double engine was upon an important merchant marine. The mechanical draft plant consisted of two machines, and of large size. The fans were not installed in duplicate, two being used because the available space was of such nature that a single fan of sufficient size could not be employed. Then, again, the two fan arrangement provided the desirable feature that in case either be disabled, by speeding up the other fan, the speed of the vessel need not be impaired during repairs. The engine cranks are set at an angle of 90 degrees, or on the quarter, and each cylinder is provided with its individual steam chest, also eccentric, eccentric rod and valve stem. Practically, there are two separate engines, and the clearance of steam ports is reduced to a minimum. A very desirable feature of this design is that of being able to run the fan at an average speed, should one of the engines become disabled, by simply disconnecting that engine. Concerning further details, the description of the other double upright engines will suffice. We also build a double upright enclosed engine with cylinders above the shaft, of which no illustration is given herewith. Detailed drawings will be supplied prospective buyers, if desired. BUFFALO DOUBLE SINGLE-ACTING ENCLOSED ENGINES are especially suited for the small sizes of direct-connected fans in ventilation and forced draft work on small steam yachts and boats of average size. Herein they have been widely employed with great favor. As the engraving on page 67 clearly shows, this engine is entirely enclosed, the moving parts running in oil. The cylinders are above the shaft. Its construction is identical to that of the automatic engine illustrated and de- scribed on pages 32 and 33, excepting that no governors are used where direct connected to fans. This engine is built in sizes suitable for fans up to 100 inches. In the case of full housing fans a handsome cast iron sub-base is supplied. As is apparent, this type of engine is particularly adapted to three-quarter housing fans. The engine then sets on the floor level, no sub-base being required. BUFFALO SINGLE UPRIGHT ENGINE WITH ENCLOSED HOOD. The first of these fans and engines, illustrated by the half-tone engraving on page 68, was built for the U. S. Navy at the Mare Island, Cal., yards. Briefly, the requirements of that specification were for a speed of 800 r. p. m. at 160 Ibs. steam pressure. The same design has elsewhere been widely used for steam yachts, boats, and, in fact, every conceivable position where the requirements were for high speed and a small compact arrangement. Several sizes are now built, the illustration being that of a 3-inch by 3^- inch cylinder. The engine is of the single type furnished with an enclosed hood. The ram box and eccentric are inside the bed. The whole outfit occupies the least possible space. Perfect lubrication is secured by large continuous oilers at reciprocating points. The valve is of the balanced piston type Previous to this, and the introduction of the other small engine types herein described, all exist- ing designs have been inordinate steam consumers. Steam economy corresponding closely to that obtained in the highest grade electric light engines is now afforded. 69 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, With Three-quarter Steel Plate Housing. Fan Left Hand Top Horizontal Discharge, Direct Attached Horizontal Engine. Regular Construction is Braced with Heavy Angle Irons, (see Pages 58 and 82). 70 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Three-quarter Housing Type. Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS-IN INCHES. Size A B C D E F G H J K L M N Weight 6x8 110 in. 30| 56! 41 44| 53! 43 47} 48! 51} 291 41} 41 44! 8| 3,920 Ibs. 120 in." ' 32 ^ 61! 44| & 58| 47 51} 48! 54f 31} 43f 44! 47J 8| 4,625 " 8x8 ! 130 in. 67 48} 52} 63} 50! 55} 58 61 33! 49} 48} 51 1 10! 6,525 " 10 x 10 3g 140 in. 72^ 52] S6& 68| 55} 60} 58! 64! 36} Slf 52} 54 10! 7,320 ' 10 x 12 150 in. 39! 77} 56 60 1 73} 59 64} 78} 69} 38| 55! 56 62J 12 10.130 " 12 x 12 160 in. 42f 821 59! 64H 78 J 63 68! 78} 74} 41 58} 59! 64} 12 10,820 " 12 x 14 170 in. 45 87} 63} 68! 83 66! 72! 82 79 43| 65} 63} 69! 15 12,800 " 14 x 14 180 in. 47| 92f 67} 72^ 87! 70! 77} 83 83| 45! .67! 67} 72} 15 14,700 " These steam fans may be supplied with various sizes of engines, according to the steam pres- sures under which they are to operate, therefore the engine dimensions above given are necessarily varia- ble. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. See table above, tables of capacities pages 74, 85 and 102. Fans of no other manufacture show like regularity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, With Three-quarter Steel Plate Housing. Fan Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge, Direct Attached Horizontal Engine. Regular Construction is Braced with Heavy Angle Irons (see Pages 58 and 82). 72 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Three-quarter Housing Type. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. -E- TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. SIZE A B C D E F G H J ** L M N P W'GHT 6x8 110 in. 73% 41 30% 50% 47% 53% 483^ 40 513/g 41 29% 41% 4434" 8% 51% 3920 6% x 8% 120 in. 79% 44 M 32% 55/s 52% 58% 48^ 43% 56 44^ 31% 43% 47% 8% 56 % 4625 8x8 130 in. 86 X 48% 35% 60 56% 63% 58 47 60% 48% 33% 49 % 51% 10% 61 6525 10 x 10 140 in. 92% 52% 38 64% 60% 68% 58^ 51% 65% 52% 36% 51% 54 ,10% 643^ 7320 10 x 12 150 in. 983 A 56 39% 69% 65% 73% 78% 54% 70% 56 38% 55% 62% 12 69% 10130 12 x 12 1 160 in. 104% 59M 42% 73ft 69% 78% 78% 58% 74% 593^ 41 58 % 64% 12 74% 10820 12 x 14 170 in. 110% 63% 45 78/2 74 83 82 62 79/s 63% 43% 65/2 69% 15 79 12800 14 x 14 180 in. 117 % 67% 47% 83% 78% 87% 83 65^ 83ft, 67% 453^ 677/ 8 72% i 15 833^ 14700 These steam fans may be supplied with various sizes of horizontal engines, according to the steam pressures under which they are to operate, therefore the engine dimensions above given are necessarily variable. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. See table above, tables of capacities, pages 74, 85 and 102. Fans of no other manufacture show like regularity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. 73 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans, With Three-quarter Steel Plate Housings. The Heating and Ventilating Machinery for Valentine Theater and Office Building, Toledo, O. CAPACITIES IN CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE. SIZE, REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE INCHES 80 100 ISO 200 25O 300 350 400 110 15160 18960 28440 37920 47400 56880 66360 75840 120 19840 24800 37200 49600 62000 74400 86800 130 24960 31200 46800 62400 78000 140 30680 38354 57531 76708 95885 150 39400 49260 73890 98520 160 47648 59560 89340 119120 170 57280 71600 107400 180 66144 82680 124020 The capacities above tabulated are not " theoretical." They are guaranteed deliveries at fan outlets, where the full areas of fan inlets and outlets are preserved. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. Fans of no other manufacture show like regularity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. 74 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans, With Three-quarter Steel Plate Housings. IN THE majority of applications of large steel plate fans for any service, considerable can be gained in convenience of arrangement and economy of operation by building them in the three-quarter housing form. They are thus furnished for driving by pulley and belt, or with steam engines. Buffalo Three-quarter Housing Fans are built either right or left hand in any of the discharges given for the full housing fans. The more common forms, however, are bottom horizontal, top hori- zontal, and up-blast. The first, illustrated by the engraving on page 72, is often desirable for blowing batteries of boiler fires, and in the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, where air ducts of brick or tile are beneath the floor. A top horizontal discharge is naturally selected when a galvanized iron piping main is run overhead, and immediately beneath the basement ceiling from which risers and branches lead to the various points of distribution. The up-blast discharge, alike in three-quarter housing and full housing fans, is peculiarly adapted to the one stand pipe system of factory heating and ventilation. These fans are used for the same variety of purposes as the full housing type. Extra heavy stock for the shells is employed, rigidly stayed and stiffened by heavy " T " irons placed on the sides of fans, which is shown by the cut on page 58. Complete drawings for foundations and appli- cation are furnished with every order. We build a line of blowers, in general appearance and dimensions similar to those in the tables for the regular Buffalo Steel Plate Fans, but especially adapted for the various lines of iron and steel manufacture, which require a larger volume of air than can be secured by the largest " B " blowers, and at nearly as great a pressure as these fans are capable of furnishing. To meet the requirements of these conditions, and to equal the high standard of durability and quiet running of all Buffalo blowers, extra heavy steel plate is selected, with side plates and foundation frames of increased stiffness and rigidity. The shafts, wheels and other parts are also of extra strength. The Buffalo Three-quarter Housing Steel Plate Fans are furnished with both side and center- crank horizontal engines, as may be purchased, there being some difference in the cost. Attention is also further directed to the very compact and desirable arrangement afforded by the Buffalo Single Upright Engines, illustrated on page 34, when direct connected to a three-quarter housing fan. The cylinder being above the shaft, and the total height of the engine seldom exceeding the height of the shell, both the floor and head space are reduced to a minimum. A sub-base is not often required, and no governor or fly wheels are used on direct-connected fans and engines. Double Single-acting Engines (see page 32), likewise equipped, are often used for small three-quarter housing fans. DOUBLE ARRANGEMENT. Two Buffalo Three-quarter Housing Fans are often employed in preference to a single fan of equal capacity. Less vertical space is consumed and as the fans when used for heating and ventilating are commonly placed in the basement, the adopting of the double arrangement is often the only method of obtaining the required volume without building a special house for the apparatus, which would materially increase the installation cost. In ordering or making inquiries about three-quarter housing steel plate fans, full details of the requirements should be given, together with dimensions of the space available. 75 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans, Self-oiling Journal Bearing. Sectional View of Oil Ring Bearing. The Bearing Bracket. End View of Oil Ring Bearing. 76 Buffalo Steel Plate Pulley Fans, Three-quarter Housing Type. Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. SIZE, INCHES A B C I 1 D E F G H J I K L M N WEIGHT 110 30/g 56%- 41 44% 53%: 43 47X 51^ 29^ 31% 41 18 13 3200 120 32% 61% 44%: 48 T V 58% 47 si# 54^ 31X 34 44%: 20 14 4000 130 35% 67 48% 52)4 63% 50%: tt>/2 61 33% 36% 48% 22 15 5300 140 38 72% 52% 56ft 68% 55 X W/2 643^ 36%: 39/s 52%- 24 16 7000 150 3934; 77% 56 60% 73% 59 64^ 69 K 38% 42% 56 26 17 8100 160 42% 82% 59%: 64| 78^ 63 68%: 74^ 41 45% 59^ 28 18 9320 170 45 87% 63% 68%: 83 66# 72%: 79 433/g 47% 63% 30 19 10300 180 47% 92% 67% 7219 87% 70%- 77% 8334: 45 X 50% 67% 32 20 11700. The three-quarter housing pulley fans may be furnished right or left hand, of any desired discharge, or to discharge in two or more directions. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. See table above, table of capacities, pages 74, 85 and 102. Fans of no other manufacture show like regularity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. 77 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Special Top and Bottom Horizontal Discharge. Self-contained Upright Engine, Cylinder Below the Shaft, Both Bearings on Engine Side, Fan Wheel Overhung. 7 8 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Special Discharges, Oil Ring Bearings, Etc. ADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE DISCHARGES. Especially where used in the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, where the location of the outfit is at a central point in relation to the space to be heated, a fan of double discharge ofttimes is of great convenience, in some instances being the only manner in which the application could be made. Built as shown by the engraving on page 78, and used in connection with a coil heater, the fan would handle the air hot, drawing it over the coils, and deliver an equal portion through each outlet, from whence it would be conveyed to the various distributing flues. These special steam fans are constructed to discharge in any given angles, and can be readily furnished with any reasonable number of outlets of various capacity of air delivery and for different directions. As may be seen by the cut, the air moved by that fan is discharged horizontally at the top and bottom. THE BUFFALO OIL RING BEARINGS. On all Buffalo Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans, this general form of journal bearing is employed. On the larger fan boxes a chain is used instead of the ring. The component parts and construction are so clearly portrayed in the engraving appearing on page 76 that a description is unnecessary. As will be readily appreciated, a more positive or perfect bearing for rapidly rotating parts does not exist. This device is entirely automatic in action, the oil being constantly carried around the shaft by the ring, as will be seen by reference to the cut ; it is thus impossible for the bearings to be without lubrication while there is oil in the chamber. The dimensions of the latter are ample, and the oil is not wasted. The ring operates perfectly quiet until the oil becomes low ; when any noise is heard it may be taken as a signal for re-filling. The bearings, however, will run without injury for quite a time after the signal for re-filling is noticed. The re-filling of the oiling device is not required oftener than once a week even under continuous high speeds. Upon the point of requiring practically no attention, this improved bearing possesses merit unequalled by any oiling arrangement yet offered. APPLICATIONS. Attention has previously been called by the engravings and descriptions to the adaptation of Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans of special construction for ventilation and forced draft upon steamboats. These machines are equally well suited for any work of this nature where continuous and high speed is required, and particularly for supplying draft to batteries of boilers in electric light stations, power plants, etc., where, at the same time, they may often be arranged for cooling the engine and boiler rooms, and thus serve a double purpose to great advantage. For very large bagasse furnaces, requiring greater fan capacity than is secured in the " B " type, these fans are adapted with eminently successful results. The Double Enclosed Engine for continuous operation affords advantages not reached in any other type, and naturally stands without a rival for location where dust is present in the atmosphere. The special designs illustrated and described on previous pages have found great favor with our custom- ers, and have not only been adopted for innumerable situations of the nature referred to, but are often selected for driving the fans used with Buffalo Lumber Dry Kilns, where a constant and easy running arrangement is imperative, incident to such kilns as are run to their fullest capacity without cessation. 79 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Cylinder Below the Shaft. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge Exhauster, Self-contained Upright Engine, Both Bearings on Engine Side, Fan Wheel Overhung, Sides Heavily Braced with Angle Iron like Cut on Page 82. 80 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, With Single Upright Engines. AS THESE machines are built both as blowers and exhausters, together with engines adapted for all conditions, the uses for which they are employed are almost unlimited in number. As a part of the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, they have been introduced into thousands of buildings with pre-eminent success. It will readily be seen that steam fans possess marked advantages over belt-driven ones, inas- much as they may be run at any time, at any speed, and independent of other power. The volume and pressure of air can be changed instantly, and belts and pulleys are also avoided. Under many con- ditions of applications, the use of pulley fans would involve intricate arrangements in the transmission of power, which are entirely eliminated by the use of a direct-connected engine. These fans are especially fitted for moving vitiated air, gases, smoke or dust from a room or a series of apartments ; for blowing fresh cold air into given spaces, through properly-proportioned flues or ducts ; for maintaining a cool temperature in over-heated workrooms, such as found in rolling mills, foundry, boiler rooms and various kindred industries ; for blowing puddling, boiler or heating furnace fires. In cold storage warehouses, malt houses, breweries, etc., these fans have been found indispensable. For any purpose where a large volume of air is to be handled with a minimum expenditure of power, they are unequalled by any other type. In the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, and elsewhere requiring the use of a full housing steam fan, the single upright engine with cylinder below the shaft is ordinarily employed. Very large fans for such purposes are usually built three-quarter housed, although they may be furnished in the full housing type with upright engines, either of the single or double form. As clearly illustrated by the accompanying engravings, our line of upright engines, both single and double, is replete with designs suitable for all conditions. Fans up to and including the 100-inch size may be supplied with the direct-connected Buffalo Double Single-acting Upright Enclosed Engines running in oil, as per the engraving on page 67, and for dusty situations, high speed and con- tinuous service, this form is peculiarly adapted. These engines direct connected to full housing fans require and are furnished with a handsome cast iron sub-base. Many purchasers of steam fans below 70 inches in diameter prefer engines with cylinders above the shaft, and provision is made for this in both single and double types. These small sizes of fans may also be equipped with engines of equal efficiency with cylinders below the shaft, like the cut on the following page. The original type of Buffalo Steam Fan with single upright engine has been replaced with more modern and efficient engine construction, and improvements, wherever possible, will always be made in the output of these works. Full details of the various designs will be preserved, to the end of promptly supplying repairs. In ordering a steam fan, or making inquiries as to prices, always be sure to state hand, the form of discharge and style of engine desired, the steam pressure carried at the boilers, and what work the fan is intended to perform. A drawing, showing the proposed setting position of the fan and all other details, will greatly facilitate the selection of the proper machine for the work ; send too much data, rather than too little. 81 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Cylinder Beneath the Shaft. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge Exhauster, Fan Wheel Overhung, Single Upright Self-contained Engine. 82 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, With Single Upright Engines. THE half-tone engraving appearing on the opposite page illustrates the latest developments in upright engine fans, and the design is manifestly so superior to others upon the market, that special reference to the most prominent features will be of interest. Being self-contained, defective foundations do not easily affect the alignment of the engine, with the usual attendant effect of pounding and heating common to ordinary fan engines. The fan wheels are overhung, with the exception of sizes above 90 inches, both bearings being supported by the engine frame and base. The design and proportion of the frame give great rigidity and width of base. All working strains are in a straight or central line. The engine bearings, which are unusually large in their ratio, are fitted with self-oiling rings, and lined with babbitt metal. The crosshead is bored and tapered to receive a hardened steel wrist pin, and is made as light as consistent. The crank is of forged steel. The valve chest is cast to cylinder and the chest is bushed with valve cages arranged for easy removal. As will at once be seen, the design of this upright engine is of most pleasing appearance ; all construction details are likewise of exceptionally high order, and unequalled by any other fan engine obtainable. Each part is easily removable or accessible for repairs and adjustment. Oiling is accomplished by sight-feed lubricators of large capacity, the upper portion of the engine being entirely encased by an oil-tight cast iron hood. In all respects the engine is most cleanly. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans are regularly built as exhausters, or with one inlet, located directly opposite the engine. A steel plate blower has two inlets, therefore the area of the one inlet of an exhauster is sufficiently enlarged to compensate for the fan having but one source of air supply, and to enable it to derive therefrom the full amount it is capable of handling. Where necessity demands, however, these steam fans can readily be built as blowers with two inlets. All sizes of steel plate fans with upright engines are furnished either right or left hand, to discharge either top horizontal, bottom horizontal, up blast or down blast ; they may be built to order to deliver air in any other direction, or with two or more discharges. Where steel plate fans are to be placed in existing buildings, accessible only by narrow or limited passage-ways, they can be so arranged that the upper portion of the casing may be easily removed or they can be taken entirely apart, and erected after arrival. This point should be referred to in ordering, together with hand and style of discharge wanted. BUFFALO STEAM FAN. CYLINDER ABOVE THE SHAFT. (See next page.) The smallest steam fans, viz., below 70 inches in height, are ofttimes used in such positions that an engine with cylinder above the shaft is much more convenient of operation than the regular Buffalo Upright Engine Fan, and therefore, when requested, are furnished in the latter form. In this type of steam fan, the cylinder and frame are one casting, the base of which is wide and ribbed to give ample sta- bility. To facilitate repairs, the bearings on one side are bolted to the frame, so that the crank can be easily removed. A hand wheel is provided to throw the engine off the center. The bearings have our self-oiling rings. All the details of the engine have the same high quality of material and work- manship as used on all Buffalo Fan Engines. Page 67 illustrates a double single-acting engine fan, cylinders above shaft. 83 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fan, Cylinder Above the Shaft. Left Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge Exhauster, Self-contained Upright Engine, Cylinder Above the Shaft, Both Bearings on Engine Side, Fan Wheel Overhung, Sides Heavily Braced with Angle Iron like Cut on Page 82. 8 4 Buffalo Steel Plate Full Housing Fans, Capacities in Cubic Feet of Air per Minute. SIZE, INCHES REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE 100 15O 200 250 30O 35O 400 450 500 550 600 50 1650 2475 3300 4125 4950 5775 6600 7425 8250 9075 9900 60 2480 3720 4960 6200 7440 8680 9920 11160 12400 13640 14880 70 4500 6750 9000 11250 13500 15750 18000 20250 22500 80 7070 10605 14140 17675 21210 24745 28280 31815 90 10400 15600 20800 26000 31200 36400 41600 100 14280 21420 28560 35700 42840 49980 57120 110 18960 28440 37920 47400 56880 66360 120 24800 37200 49600 62000 74400 130 31200 46800 62400 78000 109200 140 38354 57531 76708 95885 150 49260 73890 98520 123150 Buffalo Full and Three-quarter Housing Fans, Capacities at Different Velocities and Pressures. VELOCITIES IN CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE ; PRESSURES IN OUNCES AT FAN OUTLETS 2584 FEET PER MINUTE, 3654 FEET PER MINUTE, 4482 FEET PER MINUTE, 5175 FEET PER MINUTE, SIZE, K OUNCE % OUNCE K OUNCE 1 OUNCE INCHES Revolutions Revolutions Revolutions Revolutions Capacity per Minute Capacity per Minute Capacity per 1 Minute Capacity . , per Minute 50 5720 346 8140 492 i 9900 600 11440 693 60 8060 325 11470 462 13950 562 16120 650 70 11440 254 16280 361 19800 441 22880 509 80 15080 213 21460 303 26100 369 30160 426 90 19500 187 27750 266 33750 325 39000 376 100 24180 170 34410 242 41850 294 48360 340 110 29120 153 41540 217 i 50400 265 58240 307 120 34840 140 49580 195 60300 243 69680 280 130 41080 131 58460 187 71100 227 82160 263 140 47580 124 67710 172 82350 214 95160 248 150 54600 110 77700 161 94500 196 109200 227 160 62400 104 88800 149 108000 181 124800 209 170 70460 98 100270 140 121950 171 140920 197 180 79040 95 1 12480 136 136800 165 158080 191 The capacities above tabulated are not " theoretical," as commonly published. They are guaranteed deliveries at fan outlets, where the full areas of fan inlets and outlets are preserved. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. See table above, tables of dimensions, pages 86, 87 and 102. Fans of no other manufacture show like regularity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Upright Self-contained Engine. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. SIZE A B C D E F G T_T J K L M N ! WEIGHT 3^x5 50 in. 18J* 21% 24% 20 20 27 23 24^ 15K 16%' 18% 11% 22^ 1025 Ibs. 4x5 60 in. 22% 25% 29/g 24^ 24 ^ 32/ 8 27^ 26^ 17/8 18 22% 13% i 24% 1254 " 4%x7 70 in. 26 30% 34% 28% 28^ 37^ 32X 34X 19% 20% 26 : 15% 29% 1760 " 5%x7 80 in. 29% 34% 39% 32fV 32tV 43^ 36% 39^ 21% 22 % 29% 17 31% 2206 " 6x8 90 in. 33% 39 44 36% 36^ 48^ 41^ 43 24^ 24% 33% 18% 36% 2830 " 6%x8 100 in. 37% 43/ 8 48% 40A 40 T \ 53^ 46^ 453^ 25% 26^ 37% 21% 38% 3370 " 6%x9 110. in. 41 47% 53% 44% 44/8 59X 50^ 51^ 29 28% 41 i 23% 40% 4325 " 7x9 120 in. 44% 52% 58% 48 r 7 8 48/ 5 64^ 55/8 54^ 31/8 31% 44% ; 25% 43% 5260 " 7%x9 130 in. 48% 56^ 63 % 52^ 52^ 70 60 61 3334: 33% 48^ 27% 45% 6700 " All above fans are furnished with Buffalo Self-contained Upright Engines, and the fan wheels are overhung, excepting in the last four sizes. Different engine sizes are used for low steam pressures. In these cases, the dimensions above will not apply, but will be furnished on application. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. See table above, tables of capacities, pages 85 and 102. Fans of no other manufacture show like regularity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. 86 Buffalo Steel Plate Steam Fans, Upright Self-contained Engines. Right Hand Top Horizontal Discharge. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. SIZE A B C D E F G H J K T M N WEIGHT 3 50in 5 I8l/2 20 24^ 23/ 26'/2 23^ 26 24^ 15^ 16* 18K 11/8 22)^ 1025 Ibs. 6 4 X in. 22 * 24_i, 29 H 27^ 31/8 28 31 y s 26^ 17^ 18 22X 13X 243^ 1254 " 4 70 in. 26 28^ 34X 32X 36X 37^ 36# 34X 19^ 20^ 26 15/8 2934: 1763 " 5/2 x 7 293 / 80 in. ^ A 32^ 39/8 36^ 41/8 37# 41 /s 39^ 21# 22^ 29^ 17 31# 2206 " 6x8 ^ ,/ 90 in. JJ/2 36j< 44 41 46 44 46^ 43 24^ 24^ 33^ IBH 3634- 2830 " 6^x8 ,,/ 100 in. 0& 48^ 45^ 51 /s 47 51^ 45 J< 25^ 26)4 37K 21X 38^ 3370 " 6^x9 110 in. 443/6 53^ 50X 56# 51 56^ 51^ 29 28^ 41 23^ 40^ 4323 " 7x9 443/ 120 in. A 58^ 55 # 61^ 56 61 / 8 54^ 313 /8 31^ 44^ 25^ 43^ 5260 " IS in 9 48 ^ 52 K 63^ 59^ 66'^ 61 67 61 33^ 33^ 48/ 27 / s 45^ 6700 " All above fans are furnished with Buffalo Self-contained Upright Engines, and the fan wheels are overhung, excepting in the last four sizes. Different engine sizes are used for low pressures. In these cases, the dimensions above will not apply, but will be furnished on application. A uniform ratio of proportions, dimensions and capacities exists throughout all sizes of Buffalo fans. See table above, tables of capacities, pages 85 and 102. Fans of no other manufacture show like regu- larity in construction details. All are inefficient corresponding to their variance from this standard. 87 Buffalo Steel Plate Fan Wheel, For Brick and Wood Housings. Fan Wheel in Three-quarter Wood Housing, with Direct-attached Horizontal Engine. Built as Right Hand Up-discharge Exhauster. A Common Form for Mine Ventilation. Wood Housing at Top, and Brick at Bottom, Broken to Show Wheel. 88 Buffalo Steel Plate Fan Wheels, For Brick and Wood Housings. THE engravings appearing on pages 90, 92 and 93 plainly show the designs and construction of the Buffalo Fan Wheels. Three forms of spiders are employed, viz., single, double and triple, according to the wheel diameter. These wheels are employed for ventilating and similar work, where it is desired to handle a large volume of air at a moderate velocity, as a rule not exceed- ing one to one and a half ounces per square inch. Built into brick and wood housings (see page 88), they have found great favor with mine owners and operators, for ventilating mines. In this capacity, they have, in a large number of instances, superseded, at a great saving of power and consequent running expenses, the antiquated forms of wooden fans, which, previous to the introduction of Buffalo Steel Plate Fan Wheels, have been widely used for ventilating apartments of mines. The steel plate full housing and three-quarter housing fan types are also largely used for this purpose. The fan wheels are equally well adapted for ventilating railway and other underground tunnels, large basements, public buildings, prisons, etc., and for this service have been applied with marked success. As the ventilation of mines is commonly accomplished through long tunnels, usually emanating from a mountain or hill, and by exhausting the air, ready connection may be made with a fan of the form shown on the opposite page. The Buffalo oil ring bearing, which is unsurpassed for either high or low speeds, is embodied in the building of these machines. The construction of all blast wheels requires the greatest skill to secure smooth running at high speeds. The method in vogue at our works of securing a perfect metalline counterpoise has been so systematized as to render it unnecessary to employ numerous weight patch pieces at different points on the wheel, commonly used by certain manufacturers in balancing. Where desired for handling fumes or gases of such nature as rapidly attack and destroy the steel plate ordinarily used in their construction, we can readily furnish the fan wheels made of copper and the housings can then be lined or coated with copper, lead, zinc, tin or asphaltum. Often in such conditions the housings may be made of wood and will not require any protection, this being dependent upon the chemical composition of the gases handled by the fan. When Buffalo Fan Wheels are supplied to our customers with steam motors, the Buffalo Horizontal and Upright Engines, else- where described, and especially suited for fan propulsion, are furnished direct attached to the shaft of the fan wheel, or if the conditions of application are better suited, the wheels are then driven by a self- contained engine, located to run by a convenient belt connection. For running without cessation for long periods, common to mining operations, the double direct-connected engines afford superior advan- tages over the single type. With the working parts entirely encased, to prevent dust reaching the reciprocating parts, their special adaptation is at once appreciated. The fan wheel, with its accom- panying shaft, pulley and bearings, illustrated on page 92, is of the type used in the Buffalo Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans. For large volumes of air at moderate velocity, the wheels are built wider than where high pressures of air are required for special work, the form then taken assuming the opposite, /'. e., a narrow wheel with proportionately enlarged peripheral velocity. With every order for Buffalo Fan Wheels, complete detailed drawings for installing will be furnished. 89 Buffalo Steel Plate Fan Wheel, For Brick or Wood Housings. Direct-attached Inclined Engine, Double Spider. Illustration from Photograph of a Large Mine Ventilating Wheel. Wood Housing Used. 90 Sizes, Capacities and List. HPHE table below includes the regular sizes of Buffalo Steel Plate Fan Wheels. Special wheels, 1 either wider or narrower than the above standards or of varying diameters, may be readily built to order. Accompany orders for such fans with full details as to the air delivery required, speed, etc. If to be driven by direct-attached or belted engines, mention the steam pressure. A table of capacities at velocities less than % oz. and in excess of 1 oz. will be furnished upon application. With every order for Buffalo Pulley and Steam Fan Wheels, complete drawings for building the housing, foundations and other installation details will be furnished. _.. K-oz. PRESSURE, %-oz. PRESSURE, K-oz. PRESSURE, 1-oz. PRESSURE, 1) VELOCITY VELOCITY VELOCITY VELOCITY bo c of . 2585 FT. PER 3658 FT. PER 4482 FT. PER 5175 FT. PER 'i"^~ ^ "c "E MINUTE MINUTE MINUTE MINUTE CTt C *j rt cu j! at *o_c w "5 CD y-s <- i cu'rt E li, CU I 1 ^ ^^M -IB ~ c o B> a 1 (1)C C^-*-* I^QJ-i^ W-, *-.T3 a , W (ij ^_.T3-, - O 3 ^ J 3 ^ " i, Q.> L. -O " i. ^ i 21^ 24 29^ 34 10 12 1906 " 90 " ; 33)4 36X 44 41 46 44 46^ 43 24X 26^ 33^ 3734T 11 14 2332 " 100 " 37 1 X 40 r 5 5 48^ 45^ 51/8 47 51^ 45^ 25>i 28^ 37X 42^ 12 16 2720 " 110 " 41 44/g 53# 50X 56X 51 ! 56^ 51^ 29 31 # 41 46^ 13 18 3463 " 120 " 44^ 48A 58^ 55^ 61^ 56 61^ 54^ 3\y & 34 44^ 51 14 20 4447 .. 130 " 4Q/ 2 52^ 63 J4 $9/2 66^ 61 67 61 33^ 36/8 48 ; (u '" r-~0 rt c *- p, o C 5^ x 4^ 1532 2262 708 1-12 x 12 R x 52^ "**6"4 'x2 7% ' 1720 145 200 6 B 12 6/2 X 0^2 1412 3276 944 l-12x!6Rx52^ " **' 6 " 6^ ' x3 6 ' 2369 190 260 7 B 14 7/2 x 6/2 1349 4477 1180 2-10 x 12 R x 52^ " ** 8 " 2^ ' x 3 6 ' 2800 240 330 8 B 16^ 8^ x 7 1 / 2 1101 5720 1268 4-3 ft. x 4 ft. 10 in. * 7 "11 ' x3 11 3086 255 405 9 B 18 9y 2 *%y 2 1066 8060 1424 4-3 " x5 " 4 " * S 8 " 5 ' x4 7^ ' 3848 285 485 BUFFALO FAN SYSTEM APPARATUS WITH STEEL PLATE EXHAUST FANS. ize of Fan e of Outlet, n Inches imeter and s of Pulley, n Inches c Jo apacity of n in Cubic eet of Air J_ c 3 CL, ^ 'x3"10 3561 255 405 60 " 22^x22^ 10x8 416 8060 1424 4-3 " x5 " 4 " * 7 4^ ' x4 " 7^f 4102 285 485 109 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Type of Apparatus, with Full Housing Fan. Left Hand Top Horizontal Discharge, Steel Plate Steam Fan, Drawing Through Heater. Fans are Heavily Braced with Angle Irons (see Page 82). Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Drawing Through Heater (see Opposite Page). IT HAS been demonstrated, by careful tests of duplicate buildings equipped with the Buffalo Fan System, built both exhausting and blowing through the heaters, that there is practically no difference in results between the two forms. In the description of heating and ventilation of public buildings which follows, it will be observed that we often apply these outfits to supply every room with both warm and cold air, regulated at will. Under this method of application, the apparatus assumes the blow-through type to better advantage. For certain drying work, this style also pos- sesses points of value over the other arrangement. Excepting when the conditions above referred to exist, the form the outfit shall take is, therefore, contingent solely upon convenience of application. The most compact Buffalo Fan System apparatus is secured when the fan is built as an exhauster, the outline of space occupied being more nearly square than when fan blows through the heater. Broadly speaking, the relative position of the apparatus to the space to be heated should be as central as is practicable. Then the arrangement of the conveying hot air pipes or ducts will usually be the least complicated, and hence entail the smallest outlay. To secure a uniform distribution of air, however, this is not absolutely essential. Whenever it is not feasible to locate the apparatus cen- trally, the best results will generally be obtained by choosing such a position that the heated air, through the medium of well arranged distributing pipes, will constantly be forced by the fan toward the most exposed portions of the building. The outfit illustrated on the preceding page is arranged for the fan to handle the air heated by first drawing it over the coils. The discharge of the fan may be bot- tom horizontal, top horizontal, up blast, down blast, or with two outlets to deliver it in opposite directions, and either right or left hand, whichever will be best adapted to existing conditions. Fresh air enters the heating chamber after the manner indicated by the arrows in the engraving, then comes into the fan thoroughly heated, whence it is forced through the mains and branches to the outlets or registers. The heater is of our standard construction, described in detail on page 1 19, and the fan and engine also embody all latest developments, fully referred to in the foregoing pages. In the outfit illustrated, both bearings of the fan are upon the engine side, and the wheel is overhung. The inlet, therefore, is entirely unobstructed by the usual supports for the opposite bearing. The use of the Buffalo Self-contained Upright Engine, with its broad base and shaft receiving the overhung fan wheel, ensures smooth running. The engraving on the opposite page does not illustrate all the present existing construction improvements. The fans are now heavily braced with angle and "T" irons, but the design of single upright engine with cylinder above shaft is substantially the same as shown. Purchasers, in all cases, will be supplied with the most advanced forms. The heater shown is composed of separate sections, each of which have four rows of pipe all independently bolted and connected to the steam header. Live steam direct from the boilers, and exhaust steam from factory or mill engine, may be used together or separately, as desired. The exhaust steam of the fan engine, also, is utilized in the heating surface. Positive circulation of steam and an easy flow of the condensation are attained in a degree of efficiency unequalled by any hot blast coil or radiator construction extant. u Q b/o bb O S JD OQ c nJ LU Q. CX 0> a. 3 O S a -s V c I in. 3577 3427 4x5 60 in. 1385 5-4 " 3 " " x4 " 4 " 9 " 3 " 5 " 5 " 5 " " 4444 4244 4^ x 7 70 in. 1980 5-4 " 3 " " x 5 "10 " 10 " " 5 "10 " 6 " 5% " 6005 5758 5'/2 x 7 80 in. 2730 5-4 " 4 " " x 5 "10 " 10 " 4 " 6 " 9 " 6 " 8 " 8001 7701 6x8 90 in. 3270 5-4 " 4 " " x 6 "10 " 11 " 3 " 7 " 2 " 7 " 6 " 9595 9097 6)4 x 8 100 in. 3860 5-4 " 4 " 6 " x 7 " 4 " 11 " 7 " 7 "10 " 8 " 4 " 11375 10752 6^x9 110 in. 4860 5-4 " 5 " " x 7 "10 " 11 "10 " 8 " 6 " 9 " 2 " 14250 13388 7x9 120 in. 5560 5-4 " 6 " " x 7 "10 " 12 "10 " 9 " 3 " | 10 " " 16655 15842 7^x9 130 in. 7090 10-2 " 7 " " x 8 " 4 " 14 " 7 " 10 " 4 " 10 "10 " 20990 20090 10 Y 8 l\J A O 140 in. 8030 10-2 " 7 " " x 9 " 4 " 15 "10 " 10 "10 " 11 " 8 " 28000 24310 10 x 12 150 in. 9020 10-4 " 5 " " x 7 " 4 " 15 " 4 " 13 " 4 " 12 " 6 " 33390 1 ' 26720 "I IH M 114 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Full Housing Fans and Sectional Base Heaters. r "pHE table below gives the dimension details of regular standard apparatus. Opposite each size of fan appear the number and size of heater coils most frequently employed with it. In number these may be varied in accord with the requirements of the work to be done, many arrange- ments being possible. In combining different sizes of fans and heaters, the purchaser should be guided by the instructions on pages 142 and 143. Engine sizes, especially in the horizontal types, are also variable, being determined by the steam pressure carried. Complete detailed drawings for the erection of apparatus are furnished with every order. Both steam and pulley fans are used with standard heaters, and may be readily furnished in the full variety of discharges as described and illustrated on the accompanying pages. TABLE OF HEIGHTS AND FLOOR SPACE BLOWING THROUGH HEATER. Size of Steam Fan Feet of Fan System Heater HEATER COILS EXTREME DIMENSIONS OF APPARATUS WEIGHT OF APPARATUS Number Size Length Width Height With Steam Fan With Pulley Fan 0/2 * >J 50 in. 1268 4-4 row 3 ft. Oin x4ft. 10 in. 10ft 6 in. 4 ft. 11 in. 5 ft. 5*4 in. 3857 3707 4x5 60 in. 1584 4-4 " 3 " " x 5 " 10 " 12" 4 " 5 " 1 " 6 " 5/ & " 4650 4450 4^x7 70 in. 2184 4-4 " 4 " " x 5 " 10 " 13" 1 " 5" 7 " 6"6 " 6396 6149 5^ x 7 80 in. 2392 4-4 " 4 " " x 6 " 4 " 14" 2 " 6" 2 " 7 " " 7230 6930 6x8 90 in. 2848 4-4 " 4 " 6 " x 6 " 10 " 15" 7 " 6 " 9 " 7 " 6 " 8814 8316' 6 l / 2 x8 100 in. 3328 4-4 " 5 " " x 6 " 10 " 17" " 7" 4 " 8 " 4 " 10326 9726 6^x9 110 in. 4448 4-4 " 6 " " x 7 " 10 " 19" " 7" 10 " 9 " 2 " 13441 12579 7x9 120 in. 5080 4-4 " 6 " " x 8 " 10 " 19" 10 " 8 " 1 " 10 " " 15500 14687 7^x9 130 in. 6424 8-2 " 7 " " x9 " 4 " 23" " 8 " 9 " 10 "10 " : 19868 18968 10 Y R 1 \J A U 140 in. 6656 8-4 " 5 " " x 6 " 10 " 23" 1 " 13 " 2 " 11 " 8 " 25762 21762 10 x 12 150 in. 8272 8-4 " 6 " " x 7 " 4 " 24" '" 14 " 8 " 12 " 6 " 31704 25204 c > I > UH Q ^ c 03 U c CJ -j ri S (U CO C PQ C S3 u- GJO . '55 3 O X cr O) JH -t-> 'i c/r 3 cx ex O ex o X tJ c '5 -4-1 C. o C/) CQ f\ 0> si * x ^i- J= ^ OD -5 O o J= ^ H CJD bo = c < 1 03 ^ C J u. X OJ C/) bJD cS C Q U rt CO *, CO c ^ Cu a. a Q o a ex ex a> ex X t/) 55 CX GQ V < -M <-l I u ^ OJ OJ -^ -M -^. o; H. _o DQ ex o T3 C CJ c rt u- OJ c 'So c CL) -M (J 129 bJO C ts ^-^ +-> c C 03 bJO .S J > nj CO C 03 PQ Cu cx, Q _cy bJO C c/5 d, CX, o ex o CJ ^JJ f I r 'So rt P- fcC o X. . rt 3 O* i O) UJ -(-> rt Q bD i_ cS "u t/) Q ex x: O -M HOT CU 1 ^r> X DQ b/o c C CO cd fc CQ Q c c/5 ed a. ex _o CQ ex o _j 03 LU CUD C '55 o 03 3 cr < TD CU ex E o> CX ex p Q 3 c3 t>0 X C t: iE CD 0> U V Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Air-mixing Damper for Double Duct Applications. View Showing Position of Damper, Accessories for Hand Regulation, Register Frame, Etc. 132 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application with Double Ducts or Duplex Air Supply. THE most advanced and complete installations of the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ven- tilating in buildings outside of those of industrial character, now provide for control of the temperature in the several apartments by either thermostat or hand regulation. The ventila- tion for each room is fixed and never varies, not being reduced by the lowering of the temperature. The engraving on page 128 shows the construction of a common apparatus type for a double duct system. The entire volume of air may be delivered through the heater whenever desired. The damper placed in the connection between the fan and the coils makes it possible to direct a portion of the air through the cool air ducts to the several rooms without heating, thereby supplying a mixture of heated and cool air, at will of operator. The engraving on page 129 is a typical illustration of an apparatus applied in the same manner, excepting that the cool air is passed underneath the coils instead of over them. When either is employed, tempering coils are usually placed in the window or air supply shaft to the fan. They ordinarily are not built over four pipes deep. Sufficient excess of air space area between the pipes of tempering coil over that of the area to the inlet of the fan is provided. The advantage of thus tempering the air in severe weather is obvious. The fans in the application shown by pages 128 and 129 may be either built with two inlets, /. e., as blowers, or as exhausters with one inlet, whichever may be best suited to the position they are to be used in. Both apparatus types above described are blow-through heaters with by-passes for double duct systems, and the temperature of one room may be varied without reference to another. In the engraving on page 130 is shown the most simple form of apparatus with a by-pass. The fan draws the air through the heater, and a portion may be taken in by the fan underneath the coils without first heating it. Distribution is made through a single duct. Thermostats may be used with any of these, if desired. The engraving on page 131 is an excellent example of apparatus construction where the feature of having a cool and warm air supply to each room is accomplished by the single duct system. The arrangement of fan and heater sections is clearly shown, together with the mixing dampers and connections to the different flues. A cut among school building applications further details the usual arrangement of air ducts. A general hot and cold air receiving chamber is provided. The fan system coils are enclosed by the brick chamber and elevated on a platform from 3 to 4 feet above the floor line. Underneath the heating coils is the cool air chamber. The volume of air discharged by the fan in its course to the various rooms being heated and ventilated, passes from the general chamber into the separate ducts by first being blown over the heating surface, or underneath. The galvanized iron ducts are so connected with the receiving chamber as to receive a mixture of warm or cool air, or either separate, this being controlled by a series of thermostats. These operate the mixing dampers to admit cool air when the temperature of the respective rooms is over-reached, and vice versa. The engraving on page 132 shows the location and arrangement of a mixing damper in wall flue for hand regulation of the temperature. The air supply register is located at about 8 feet from the floor line, and further down underneath the register or at other convenient point is placed an ornamental indicator or dial. The chain operating damper passes over the trolley shown in the inside of the flue '33 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Air-mixing Dampers for Double Duct Applications. Types of Buffalo Air-mixing Dampers for Hand Regulation. Buffalo Air-mixing Damper Controlled by a Thermostat. 134 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Air-mixing Dampers for Double Duct Fan Systems. A PROPERLY designed air-mixing damper is an accessory equally important to an economical fan heating and ventilating system installed with duplex air ducts as any other detail of the equipment. The practice of employing pieces of round sheet steel or galvanized iron pipe for dividing the air currents needs no comment as to the crudeness and unreliability of such application. The Buffalo Air-mixing Dampers are so constructed as to prevent any mixing of the air currents before passing through the damper into the flue where the mixing is intended to take place. The valves are constructed with proper bearings, to insure uniform ease of operation, either by hand regula- tion or thermostat control. Where the temperature of the building is governed in the latter manner, it is of vital importance that the mixing dampers be easily operated ; otherwise the efficiency of the system will be impaired, if not rendered inoperative. The seven sizes referred to in the table below are suitable to the flue dimensions usually employed in heating and ventilating buildings by the double duct fan system. Intermediate or additional ones may be readily furnished to order. -F ) T < < c Hot Air ! ; Cold Air i PRICE LIST, CAPACITIES AND TABLE OF DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. Capacity, No. A B C D E p Q Cubic Feet of Air per PRICE Minute 1 12 T 1 A 9 23 8 8 4 540 $ 7.00 2 12 12 6 20 9 \2y 2 4 864 8.00 3 12 12 8 23 9X \2 l / 2 4 864 8.50 4 10 19 7 19^ 8 20 4 1140 10.25 5 19 12 10 3l/^ 14 12^ 4 1368 11.00 6 16 16 10 28 10 16j^ 4 1500 12.50 18 24 12 32^ 12 24^ 4 3000 15.00 1 1 135 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Register Frames for Wall Flues. BUFFALO FOR G EC BUFFALO, N.y. Types of Cast Iron Register Frames. 136 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Register Frames for Air Supply Flues. THE Buffalo Register Frafnes are for placing in wall flues to receive finished faces of standard make, with or without valves or special open screens of large free area. The engravings on page 136 illustrate two forms which were designed especially for use in the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating. They are unique and more desirable than anything obtainable from the standard register manufacturers. Their position in the flue is clearly shown by the cut on page 132. Two forms are regularly furnished. The first, illustrated by the wood cuts on the opposite page, has corner lugs for screwing the register faces to it. Holes are drilled in the corners of registers or register faces, whichever may be employed, for securing by nut and screw. The back edge is properly designed for fixing in the flue during the construction of the building in the usual manner. The register frames represented by the half-tone engravings are those most widely used. The register is secured to the frame without drilling the corners and the fastening is almost invisible. A strip of sheet steel or galvanized iron passing through the slots in the register frame is brought close to and secures the register face with a bolt and a nut on the inside. Four small screws are used to fasten the register complete to frame. Under this method no discoloration can get to the register face from the walls of the building, or by the frame rusting or corroding. The wide edge is placed inside. The following sizes cover all ordinary requirements, although additional ones may be supplied where desired. Observe these sizes in selecting registers and faces for buildings. TABLE OF SIZES. AREAS. CAPACITIES. WEIGHTS, ETC. Size Register, in Inches Area, in Square Feet Capacity at 300 Ft. Vel. aY a 5 P o a C F{. W L 6 i! ht ' Vel. Size Register, in Inches Area, in Square Feet Capacity at 300 Ft. Vel. Capacity at 500 Ft. Vel. Weight, Lbs. 8 x 10 .37 Ill 185 12 14 x20 390 650 24 8 x 12 .44 132 220 15 14 x 22 1.42 426 710 35 8 x 15 .56 168 280 16 16x 16 1.18 354 590 20 10 x 12 .56 168 280 17 16 x20 1 .48 442 740 30 10 x 14 .65 195 325 24 16 x24 1.78 534 890 30 10 x 16 .75 225 375 24 18 x21 1.74 522 870 30 10 x 20 .92 276 460 22 18 x24 2.0 600 1000 30 12 x 12 .66 198 330 18 20x24 2.2 660 1100 40 12 x 16 .88 264 440 23 20x26 2.4 720 1200 35 12 x 18 1.0 300 500 27 21 x 29 2.82 846 1410 58 12 x 20 1.12 336 560 24 24 x24 2.66 798 1330 34 12 x 24 1.33 399 665 32 24 x30 3.33 999 1665 48 14 x 18 1.16 348 580 24 cO x 30 4.2 1260 2100 56 137 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Dampers for Mill Flues. o;. 3. Types of Mill Flue Dampers. 138 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, In Industrial Buildings. APPLICATION TO COTTON, WOOLEN. SILK AND TEXTILE MILLS. Certain mill owners, while admitting without question the superiority of the fan system, argue that its installation cost is greater than direct steam heating arrangements of equal efficiency. While usually erroneous, but granting the point for the sake of argument, shrewd managers who look into the subject further than first cost, find it to be a most paying investment in the amount of work performed, the decreased percentage of absentees, and the uniform good health of employees. Again, in direct steam-heated mills, electricity generated by the motion of the stock and machinery causes great loss. With the fan system this is entirely overcome, as the humidity of the air is placed under perfect control. The use of a hygro- meter determines the exact amount of moisture in the air, and by means of sprays or evaporating pans placed in the air ducts the humidity may be perfectly controlled, thereby eliminating frictional electricity. The best application to brick or stone industrial buildings exceeding one story in height, is by means of flues built into the walls. The space taken up by distributing pipes and their expense is thereby eliminated. The engraving on page 126 shows a single fan of large diameter, with direct- attached horizontal engine and heater coils divided into two distinct groups, as applied to a large silk mill. The engravings upon the succeeding page show a Buffalo apparatus used by the largest American cotton mill. It consists of two three-quarter housing fans with direct-attached horizontal engines and a tripod or three-division heater. The position of the main hot air ducts, etc., also appears. These cuts are intended merely to give suggestions of possible arrangements. The apparatus construction lends itself to the special requirements of each plant. BUFFALO MILL FLUE DAMPERS. Fig. 1 shows a mill damper hinged at the top. A screw rod with wheel at the end extends down to a convenient position for lowering or raising. Fig. 2 shows the same damper, with a sliding rod and thumb attachment of the ordinary transom style. Neither of these types obstructs the interior of the flue when the damper is open or closed. Fig. 3 illustrates a different construction of the Buffalo Mill Damper, with the slide extending back into the flue. This is the type always sent unless otherwise specified in order. It may be furnished with worm gear and hand wheel, if preferred. The method of fixing the position of the valve is clearly shown in the cut. Either of the two other forms illustrated may be furnished with the same means of operating the dampers, if desired. The standard sizes of Buffalo Mill Dampers below enumerated are usually carried in stock, or may be shipped upon short notice ; special sizes may also be supplied. BUFFALO MILL HEATING INLET DAMPERS. Sizes Weight Capacity in Cubic Ft. per Min. at 1000 Ft. Velocity Price 12 x 16 40 1340 $ 8.00 16 x 16 46 1800 9.00 16x20 51 2240 10.00 16 x 21 52 2352 13.00 18 x 18 54 2268 12.00 20 x 20 55 2800 16.00 20x26 68 3640 18.00 139 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Improved Steam Traps for Fan System Heaters. Sectional View. 140 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Apparatus for Handling Condensation. AUTOMATIC steam pumps (see page 144) are widely and economically used for returning con- densation from fan system heaters to boilers. The market affords several thoroughly reliable makes. Where coils may be sufficiently elevated above boilers and a gravity return secured, their use may be dispensed with. Ordinary receiving steam traps are not suitable for Buffalo Fan System or Indirect Heaters, inasmuch as the action of the fan in passing air in large volumes causes very rapid condensation. The amount of water discharged from a given number of lineal feet of one-inch pipe built and used in a properly designed fan system heater, and the heating efficiency therefrom, are from three to five fold greater than when used as a direct heating coil. The trap used, therefore, must provide for this excess, which is fully embodied in the one offered herewith. As will be observed by the sectional view, this trap possesses peculiar and valuable features found in no other. The float valve and its attachments is placed near to the top of the float where it is removed, as far as possible, from such particles of dirt, red lead, scales, etc., as commonly become detached from boilers and coils, and, with the flow of the condensation, readily find their way into the steam trap. In some constructions of traps, this float valve with its attachments is located at the bottom of the float, at which point it invites the collection of sediment, with the attendant result of rendering the trap inoperative, and necessitating the frequent taking apart to remove the obstruction. The improvements embodied in the present trap are the outcome of familiarity with the liabilities to derangement to which steam traps are peculiarly exposed. The largest sizes of Buffalo Steam Traps are provided with a small cover or hand-hole, which may readily be detached for the purpose of inspecting the working parts, or removal of accumulations, thus avoiding the usual and tedious alternative of taking off the whole top of the trap, common to other forms. Though these traps are especially adapted for use in conjunction with Buffalo Fan System Heaters, their prominent points of merit readily recommend them for service on any arrangement which requires the removal of water of condensation. The action is automatic. The delivery is periodic, dependent upon the amount of condensation of the coil, and continues as long as there is water to be discharged. A large assortment of sizes is kept constantly on hand, and orders can be filled without delay. When traps are ordered separately from Buffalo Fan System Apparatus, if the steam pressure is in excess of 80 pounds it should be so stated, that they may be properly adjusted to it. SIZES, CAPACITIES AND PRICES. Number of Steam Trap Size of Pipe Connec- tions Diameter Outside of Flanges Diameter of Cylinder Height to Top of Valve Height to Top of Cover Maximum Dis. Lbs. per Minute Amount Max. Buffalo Fan System Heater Maximum Amount of Lineal Feet 1 Inch Pipe List Price 1 % lOfc 8 11 8 2 350 1050 $16.00 2 '4 14'4 10# 14 10 5 900 ' 2700 22.00 3 1 15*4 12 16tf 12 8 1400 4200 27.50 4 w 19 14 18# 14 12 2000 6000 42.50 5 i# 24' 4 18 23 V. 15'/, 20 3500 10500 70.00 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Table of Fans and Proper Sizes of Heater Coils. Size of Fan Size of Heater Sections to be Used 50 in. 3 ft. 3 " in. " " o o o " o 6 " o o 6 " 6 " 6 " " " " o " o " o x 4 ft. x 4 " 4 in. 10 " 4 " 10 4 " 10 4 ' 10 " 10 " 4 " 10 " 4 " 10 " 4 ' 4 " 10 " 4 .. 10 " 4 " 10 " 4 ' 10 60 in 3 3 " 3 " 3 " 4 " 4 ' 4 " 4 ,. 4 " 4 " 4 " x 4 " x 4 x 5 " x 5 " x 5 " x 5 " x 5 " x 6 " x 6 " x 6 ' x 6 " x 7 x 6 x 6 " x 7 ' x 7 " x 7 x 7 ' x 8 " x 8 " 70 in. 80 in. 90 in. 1OO in 4 ' 5 " 5 " 5 " 110 in. 5 " 6 " IT 7 ' 6 " 6 " 120 in. 130 in. 7 ' " x 8 ' 4 " 7 " " x 8 " 10 " 7 " ' x 9 4 " 7 " " x 9 " 10 ' 140 in. 5 " " x 6 " 4 4 " 6 " x 7 ' 4 5 " " X 6 " 10 5 o X 7 " 4 150 in. 5 .< " X 7 " 10 6 " o X 7 " 4 160 in. 5 .< o X 7 " 10 6 " o X 8 " 4 6 " " X 8 " 10 170 in. 7 " o X 8 " 4 7 " " X 8 " 10 180 in. 7 " " X 9 " 4 1 Section 4 Sections 5 Sections 277 317 1108 1268 1385 1585 277 317 356 1108 1268 1424 1385 1585 1780 396 490 1584 1960 1980 2450 546 594 598 2184 2376 2392 2730 2970 2990 654 653 712 2616 2612 2848 3270 3265 3560 arranged in single >row at inlet or out- let of fan. 772 766 832 902 972 1034 3088 3064 3328 3608 3888 4136 ^3860 3830 4160 4510 4860 5170 1112 1192 1270 4448 4768 5080 5560 5960 6350 Capacity, 1 Section Capacity, 8 Sections Capacity, 10 Sections 709 756 5672 6048 7090 7560 803 850 6424 6800 8030 8500 Capacity, 2 Sections Capacity, 8 Sections Capacity. 10 Sections 1532 1544 1664 6128 6176 6656 7660 "I 7720 8320 1804 1944 7216 7776 9020 9720 2068 2224 8272 8896 10340 11120 These sections arranged back to 2384 2540 9536 10160 11920 12700 *at inlet or outlet of fan. Capacity, 2 Sections Capacity, 16 Sections Capacity, 20 Sections 1418 11344 14180 1512 1606 12096 12848 15120 16060 NOTE The first section given for each fan is the smallest that should be used with that fan. All sections have four rows of pipe, except the 7 ft. in. sections, which have two rows. 142 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Proper Heater Sections for Given Sizes of Fans. THE table on the opposite page will be found useful in choosing the proper number and size of fan system heater coils or sections for any heater, and in selecting the heater itself when the size of fan has been previously determined. The application comes under two heads. The first is when the size of heater, /. e., the number of feet of heater, has been determined. Suppose it be desired to select a 4500 feet fan system heater to go with a 100-inch fan. Looking down the column under heading " Size of fan," we find the 100- inch fan, and under the heading " Capacity of five sections," at the right, 4510 feet. In the same horizontal line with this 4510 feet, under the heading " Size of heater sections to be used," appears 5 feet x 7 feet 4 inches. We thus see that the heater corresponding to the 4500 feet requirement with a 100-inch fan is a heater with five sections, each 5 feet long x 7 feet 4 inches. In the same manner, a heater of any size can be selected to go with a given fan. If the size of heater required is larger than either given in the table opposite the size of fan desired, which is rare, then select a heater nearest the size required from the heaters given opposite the next larger fan. The capacity of one section of heater of each size is also given, so that if it is desired to use more or less than five sec- tions in a heater, the total amount of any number of sections can be determined by multiplication. The second purpose for which this table is useful is in assisting the selection of a proper heater for a given fan for ordinary conditions and requirements of heating and drying ; in other words, for reaching the proper size of a fan system heater to do a given work with a fan whose size has been determined. Experience has shown that, for factory heating, when the air supply for the fan for heating is taken from the inside of the building, as is often done, a heater of four sections of the first size given in the table opposite the size of fan meets the requirements for buildings of good construction and mild exposure, and a heater of four sections of the largest size given for severe exposure. For the heating of public buildings, schools, churches, etc., when the air supply for the fan is taken from outdoors, use a heater of five sections of the first size given for mild exposure, and of the largest size given for severe exposure. Where a tempering coil equalling the capacity of one of the heater sec- tions is used in the air supply shaft, a four-section heater may be employed. For drying brick, lumber, etc., select a heater of five or six sections of the smallest size given for easy conditions, /. e., in cases where the material is partly dried when put into the dryer, and the time allowed for drying is ample. Under other requirements, for example, when the material is put into a dryer green, and to be dried in a very limited time, if it will bear a high temperature, select a heater of six sections of the largest size given. When the heating is to be done entirely with exhaust steam, one size larger section should be used than when live steam or live and fan engine exhaust steam are used. The above proportions are based on the average requirements of 65 for factory heating and 70 in zero weather for schools, churches, office and other buildings. It must be clearly understood that these recommendations which we have given for sizes of heaters are not arbitrary, and that varying conditions of exposure and required temperature affect the size of heater required. 143 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Apparatus for Returning Condensation to Boilers. Automatic Steam Pump with Receiver on Side (see Page 141). 144 Buffalo Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying, Data on Selection of Fans. A PROPOS to the subject of sizes of heaters for fans a few remarks as regards the selection f\ of sizes of fans are pertinent. Referring to page 85 of this catalogue, if the fan is to be an " engine fan," it should be selected from the 5^-oz. column, for public buildings, such as schools, churches, hospitals, etc.; and from the ^-oz. column if for factory heating. But if the fan is to be a pulley fan belted from an engine, or other motor, it may be selected from the %-oz. column for public building work, and from the 1-oz. column for factory heating. For illustration, suppose a fan with direct-attached engine is required for a school house or church, to deliver 40,000 cubic feet of air per minute. We look in the " Capacity " column on page 85, under %-oz., and select a 130-inch size. If it is to be a pulley fan, we make a similar selection from the ^-oz. column, /. e., a 100-inch fan ; choosing an engine fan having the same capacity, for a factory, we refer to the ^2 -oz. column, obtaining a 110-inch. A pulley fan from the 1-oz. pressure column would be between the 90 and 100-inch sizes. The 90-inch may be selected and run slightly in excess of 1-oz. pressure, and satisfactory results secured. It must be distinctly understood that the tables of fan capacities in this catalogue, unlike similar tables in all others, are the actual capacities of these fans measured by an air meter at the fan outlets, with the fans running unattached to air piping or heaters, /. e., what is commonly called " free delivery." The actual capacity of a fan in regular heating and ventilating service depends on the amount of the resistance upon the fan by the air piping, heater, flues, registers and the arrange- ments for egress of air from the rooms into which it introduces fresh air. It is impossible to establish a fixed rule for the actual working capacity of fans under all the various conditions, but the ordinary average is about 25 per cent, less than the free delivery capacity tables. In plants of the usual stand pipe system as employed in factories, properly constructed according to our instructions, the actual delivering capacities of the fans attached will even reach as high as within 10 per cent, of the free delivery capacity. Even in buildings with a considerable number of wall flues, registers and horizontal air pipes, in addition to the usual heater, if the system be very carefully designed and constructed, the actual workings of the fan will often be within 25 per cent, of the free delivery capacity. The only tables of capacity which can be consistently and practically put before the public, are tables of the capacities of fans running at free delivery. Architects and engineers must make allowances for the conditions as to resistance, afforded by the particular system in hand. Whenever requested, if fully advised as to the system to which the fan is to be attached, being thereby afforded a proper opportunity, we are glad to advise suitable fan and heater for the particular conditions of every individual case. This information is best presented by a complete set of drawings of the structure to be heated and ventilated. Illustrations of prominent buildings of widely different character, together with installation details and tables concerning Buffalo Fan System, appear in the back pages of this catalogue. They are thus located instead of following at this point (as in previous editions) for the convenience of those who refer to illustrations of machinery more frequently than to the applications. US Q j ! """"l +- e "o b ^ CO C C/5 3 CQ Li- -, T3 2 -a S J3 3 '*- rv w x t) O -.c O O O O O O O x* 1 LO xO xO f^ CO O OOOO I~x. CO O OOOO OO O fN S2RS R T 7 1 7 W (10 C "- T) CO "^ ri ol) 1 Ox! CO C C S. S 2 '3 ;s9j ui 'adoy 3JJM. 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O O s s O O s oooo oooo oooo o o 0T c ~ x 'S c 7 M_ O*- X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ^ C f-x fx, fx, i fXx, ^x, x^ 1 f*x, f~x, f-v. r~~ i r^ r^. ^x. t^x. ^x. rx. ^ *^J ^ ^ 3. * i 5 E * -- j O - rt > 00 o c X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j= !r, v S 2- c o 2 5. 5 g^ = ft; rt "" ~ fN fN CO 9 S S fN CO xt LO Ox) ^" x) CO Ox) CO -xt LO fN "xt xO CO Ox) CO -xt LO Ox) ^f xO CO LO 00 LO 00 LO CO 8 42 -^* ^x *-* *- *o kc ? w "^ ^ "- . _^ 3 J -5 '1 " S oc| -"!'- c ^ J ,, y 1 " ._ a. J 3 5T C J3 g nirxj iimj~ un"7 irn-y 149 Buffalo Fan System Lumber Dry Kilns, Progressive Type for Hard and Soft Timber. Detail Fi^. i. T Detail Fig. 2. 'HE cuts herewith presented clearly illustrate the general arrangement of Buffalo Fan System Progressive Lumber Dryers, which are especially adapted for hard wood timbers. In Fig. 1 we have a side view of the kiln, with the exhausting type of apparatus applied thereto. The fan delivers the air hot direct to the kiln, it first having passed over the coils of steam pipe, becoming thoroughly heated. The circulation of air through and around the cars of lumber is shown, and also its exit through the openings at the bottom of the kiln, opposite the end where the heated air is supplied. During the latter stages of lumber drying, and also in handling some timbers, there is economy in returning a portion of this air to the apparatus, which may be accomplished by the usual return duct. In obtaining the full daily drying capacity of any dryer, much depends upon those in charge of the kiln. Careless piling of lumber will very materially reduce the efficiency and capacity of an apparatus, and, therefore, care should be taken in loading every car before it enters the kiln, provid- ing proper space between each course of lumber, so that the air may readily have a thorough circu- lation throughout. Lumber will then be seasoned thoroughly and evenly throughout the entire car. In Fig. 2 may be observed the outlets of the hot air from the apparatus, through the openings provided for the purpose, and the manner in which it is supplied to the kiln. The cars of lumber appearing herewith have gradually been brought in contact with the greatest heat from the opposite end of the kiln where they are first entered. These cuts illustrate a single progressive kiln. Buffalo Fan System Lumber Dry Kilns, For Hard and Soft Timber. APARTMENT KILNS. This type of lumber dryer consists of several or a series of rooms of any desired size, usually governed in form by the lumber to be seasoned, but which are sel- dom operated upon the progressive principle, though cars are often used therein. For certain ser- vice, kilns of this construction afford great advantage, inasmuch as by regulation of dampers pro- vided for the purpose, any desired temperature can be maintained in any of the apartments, without reference to each other. Each room is provided with ventilators for expelling the saturated air, for it is not often that the arrangement will permit of the return duct feature. Where small quantities of different kinds and thicknesses of lumber are to be seasoned, the apartment plan affords very desirable features not found in other forms of dryers. REMODELING OF ORDINARY KILNS The Buffalo Fan System Apparatus, applied to operate with ordinary or home-made kilns with steam pipes in the bottom, will very materially increase their capacity, and the evenness of drying. Very much smaller heaters are used in remodeling kilns which have been previously piped for direct steam than with the regular progressive dryers, though the size of fan remains practically the same, for a large volume of air is more serviceable in effect- ing rapid drying than too intense a degree of heat. LOCATION OF APPARATUS. What is often the most convenient location for the apparatus, is not always the most advisable. For example, it may best suit the convenience of the engineer in charge to have the apparatus located near the factory engine, while the kiln proper may be at some distance therefrom. To carry the heated air through the intervening distance is not economical, therefore it is necessary that the apparatus be located in a house especially provided for the purpose, adjacent to the kiln. In cases where this is inconvenient, and it is not desirable to employ the return duct feature, the heater may be placed close to the kiln, while the fan may be located at some distance from it, and blow the air over the intervening space. As the air is cold until it reaches the coils, there is no loss by radiation. It is more economical to carry the steam to a heater thus arranged, than to attempt to carry the heated air over the same space. IN GENERAL. A prime feature of this system is the freedom from fire. The steam pipes are entirely encased in a fire-proof jacket of heavy steel plate, and placed in an apartment separate from the drying room. There is no contact of heating surface with wood work. Insurance rates are re- duced to a minimum. Fan system dryers are often located inside of factory buildings. This process is adapted to seasoning all kinds of lumber, though various kinds require different treatment. In one case, it will be a high temperature with rapid circulation of a great volume of air, and in another a lower temperature, but the same large quantity of air. For hard wood lumbers, such as oak and hickory, the latter is especially advisable. The return ducts in drying hard wood lumber, whereby a portion or all of the air may be returned to the apparatus, are desirable, for the reason that with one passing through the lumber complete saturation does not take place, and a cer- tain degree of humidity is valuable in opening the pores and softening the outside of the lumber, so that the inside moisture can find its way to the surface. Buffalo Fan System Lumber Dry Kilns, For Seasoning Hard and Soft Timber. Hygrophant for Determining Humidity of Air in Drying Plants. 152 Buffalo Fan System Lumber Dry Kilns, For Seasoning Special Stock. TIMBER in the form of veneers, shingles, staves, heading, material for carriage wheels, kind- ling wood, etc., has been most successfully handled by this system, though the arrangements generally call for some uncommon form either of the construction of the apparatus itself, or the drying room. In all lumber dry kilns, sufficient care ordinarily is not given to the proper piling of timber. Whether the stock is 1 inch, as thin as veneers, or thick oak planks, care should be taken that the air and heat can readily be brought into contact on every side. The piling sticks separating the different courses of lumber never should be less than i/% inch thick and even greater for lumber of increased thickness. When regular lumber dry kiln trucks, illustrated on a previous page, are not suitable for the stock, cars are built with latticed sides and bottom. The ends are so constructed that they may be let down, and allow easy removal of the load. Cars of this type are most conven- ient for handling kindling wood, shingles, etc. BUFFALO TOWER DRY KILNS. Years ago, this house conceived the idea of employing a dry kiln built in the form of a tower, for seasoning staves, stock for butter tubs, wooden pails, etc. The first kiln of this form consisted of one single tower, and was in every way so great an improve- ment over previous drying rooms for similar work, that considerable study and experiments were made upon this form. Later large plants are composed of a number of towers, grouped together. Their sizes and proportions are, like nearly all special forms of dryers, dependent upon the character of the material to be seasoned, desired daily capacity, and other conditions. The towers are built from 6 to 8 feet square, and from 20 to 40 feet high. In order that the stock may be easily taken out at the bottom without loss of heat from the doors being opened too great a length of time, the floors of all tower kilns are built inclined. As the hot air enters from directly underneath the dry room, the floors necessarily must be latticed, and by employing iron the net work may be much more open, with the attendant result of reducing the obstruction to the free passage of air to a minimum. The floors of the tower are built sufficiently on an incline that the stock must necessarily slide out easily when the side doors of the kiln are opened. In this form of dryer, the material is thrown in at the top, usually from a certain story of the manufactory, the kiln being built conveniently adjacent thereto, and as dried stock is taken out at the bottom it gradually comes in contact with the greatest heat, as it works its way downward. Application has also been made to tower dryers, whereby the material enters at the bottom, and gradually passes up to the top by means of endless chains, with satisfactory results. THE HYGROPHANT is a most useful instrument, and indispensable in many dryers, especially where stock sensitive to hot currents is being seasoned. By its use the relative humidity of the atmosphere may be accurately known. Upon the proper regulation of this does the successful and economical handling of many timbers, especially hard woods, depend. The same is also true of other materials. The humidity of atmosphere in lumber dry kilns, when insufficient for best re- sults, is easily increased by the introduction of steam jets in the air ducts leading to kiln. 'S3 PQ PQ OJ ctf" -t-> g u rt t. :_ O) _oT H CO bfl O I I ] > (/; CO D CO I c 03 UJ U O 1_ cu c CL X k> Q a. a, E o LL 154 Buffalo Fan System Progressive Dryers, For Brick, Tile, Terra Cotta, etc. UNTIL the introduction of this apparatus for drying brick, clay, tile and similar material, there has been no efficient, reliable or economical system upon the market. Furnace dryers in almost unlimited numbers and forms have been tried, with the result, in the majority of cases, of the brick and other stock being seasoned previous to burning, cracking to so great an extent that the loss is a considerable item. The nature of some clay is such that it is an utter impossibility to dry it by such forms of dryers, and a case seldom occurs where there is not a large percentage of loss. This is due entirely to the fact that green clay products cannot be brought into such intense and dry heat without attendant results as above. This feature is entirely overcome in the Buffalo Progressive Brick Drying System. Another point, which every brick plant owner who has employed a dryer of this form will readily acknowledge, is the exorbitant cost of maintenance, especially in the matter of fuel. There is not the faintest suspicion of economy in any of these dryers. Direct steam pipes have also been employed with results which, if not quite so disastrous as in the other case, certainly have been found extremely unsatisfactory, and the working of such a dryer which is reliable, economical and performs the work evenly, is yet unknown. The unparalleled success of Buffalo Fan System Brick Dryers is due solely to our experts in charge of their placing having a thorough knowledge of the composition and properties of various clays in different sections. Scarcely two dryers are built precisely alike in length, height, arrange- ment of air ducts, or relative proportions of fan and heater capacity, unless used for the same clay. An outfit successful in one instance would be a failure in others, because that same form, size and method of operating the dryer would crack the brick. Those desiring to install dryers of the highest efficiency will do well to arrange for a visit of an expert. We have ample facilities for making tests in drying of any clay that, upon examination, may appear to require a special treatment. The clay found in some of the extreme Western States is of such composition that tests are invariably neces- sary before the proportions for a successful dryer can be decided upon. Buffalo Brick Dryers have been most efficiently applied for preparing brick for burning in these points where it is utterly im- possible to dry either in open air or by any existing type of dryer. The advantages of Buffalo Progressive Brick Dryers may be enumerated as follows : By their use it is possible to dry the entire output of a plant per day, regardless of the weather ; they afford the brick manufacturer full control of his operations, so that a certain output may be depended upon in a specified time, the same as in any other line where work is performed under cover. Winter or summer, rain or snow, in no way affect the capacity of the dryer. Far less space is con- sumed than in drying a given number of brick per day with any other dryer. The cost of running ex- penses is reduced to a minimum and guaranteed lower than with any other apparatus. Exhaust steam is utilized to the greatest advantage, and, in many cases, sufficient is created by the large engine to render the addition of live unnecessary. The exhaust steam from the fan engine is also employed in the heater, entailing no cost of motive power for the apparatus. The dryer is adapted to any size or capacity from 10,000 to 300,000 brick per day. CQ CD t > ' So CA! (U Ui be o Ui C/) > CO C 0) D o i 22% 190 170 36 42^ 38 5)4 IOX H 3 7 38X 23^ 250 230 42 48^ 45^ 6 10^ ll'.^ 3^ 8 43% 27 350 325 48 57^ 53^ 6^ 13^4: n^ 4 9 52^ 30^ 475 445 54 (Atf 61 7 15^ 14 4 9 59 34^ 595 560 60 69% 67 7X 17 13^4 5 10 64 37^ 670 630 72 Q2/ 2 80^ 7^ 21X 18 5^ 12 76 45's 870 820 84 95 92^ 8 27 17# 6 14 89 52^ 1050 990 1 68 Buffalo Disk Wheels, With Overhung Pulleys. Continued. the construction of Buffalo Disk Wheels, we are enabled to secure smooth running even when driven at a high speed. As near as possible, the center of gravity coincides with the center of motion. The making of the blades or spiders requires the greatest skill of any part of the wheel, and we spare no pains or expense to the end of securing a perfect machine. Certain manufacturers of fans having a greater number of blades than those built by this house, refer to the latter as inefficient, and with the argument that the blades are omitted to cheapen the factory cost. Greater ignorance of proper disk wheel construction could not be displayed. The amount of back-lash present in those with too many blades is very great, and it may be readily noticed without the use of an anemometer. The intelligent purchaser is looking for results, and need not be told such fans are inefficient. In the standard construction of Buffalo Pulley Disk Wheels, standing on the pulley side, the fan revolves over to the right, and delivers air toward the opposite side of the machine. When ordered specially, spiders may be so constructed as to run the opposite way, and still deliver air on the opposite side of the fan, or they may be so built as to drive the air through the fan over the pulley side, which is directly contrary to the standard construction. They are also built for operating upon vertical shafts, a step or ball bearing being provided at the bottom. All details of such special construction should be mentioned in making inquiries. Buffalo Disk Wheels are very stiffly braced in every part, the strength of vane and blade being sufficient for the hardest kind of service. They are particularly adapted to such uses as require the movement of large volumes of air where there is free delivery to and from the fan, and in conse- quence no great amount of resistance to overcome. We guarantee Buffalo Ventilating Wheels to be capable of moving a larger volume of air in proportion to power expended than any other wheel of same diameter on the market, and to be noiseless in operation. They are also inexpensive, of handy form, simple in construction, and being light are readily put in position. Each machine is fitted with a self-oiling device which permits the wheel to be left without attention for a Jong period an especially valuable feature when used in cupolas, leather drying lofts or other places not easy of access. Flanged pulleys are sent unless otherwise ordered. A large stock of the various sizes men- tioned in table below, is constantly kept on hand for immediate shipment. Special wheels of greater diameters than catalogued may be readily furnished to order. Blue prints showing number of blades and other details will be furnished upon application. PRICE LIST OF BUFFALO PULLEY DISK WHEELS. Diameter of Wheel, Inches PULLEYS PRICE Diameter of Wheel, Inches PULLEYS PRICB Diam. in In. Face in In. Diam. in In. Face in In. 18 4 2 $ 40.00 48 9 4 $125.00 24 4 2 50.00 54 9 4 175.00 30 6 2 65.00 60 10 5 250.00 36 7 3 85.00 72 12 5% 300.00 42 8 3/4 110.00 84 14 6 350.00 169 Buffalo Disk Wheel, With Direct-attached Engine. Engine Enclosed, Running in Oil, Double Single-acting Type. 170 Buffalo Disk Wheels, With Direct-attached Engines. THE engine shown on the opposite page directly connected to a disk wheel is of the Buffalo Double Single-acting Type, is enclosed and runs in oil. It is of the same high grade construction employed for these engines when they are built for running dynamos and other refined service. No governor, however, is used when direct connected to a fan. The use of disk wheels is thus rendered feasible for buildings having ample boiler capacity but limited power. It also adapts them for locations where to transmit power by belt connections would be expensive in the first cost and subsequent maintenance. The engines are constructed with special reference for disk wheel propulsion, occupying but little space, although driving the fan at sustained high speeds without appreciable noise or vibration. The support is a substantial cast iron bracket, and the appear- ance of the engine is neat and compact. They require but little attention to keep in running order. c > J PRICE LIST, WITH TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. Size A 37% 45 53M 61 66 80 92M C D C F G H Size of Engine, D. S. A. Size Steam Size Ex. WEIGHT Price Packed NotP'ckd 36 42 48 54 60 72 84 42^ 48% 57% 64% 69% 82^ 95 5X 5M 6/2 7Y 4 7% 8 9M 12 13 15 17 22 27 11% I OX 10/8 13 12 12!3 12% 16% 16% 16% 18ft 18ft 21% 21% 4-3% 45 4b l /2 53ft 54% 64,- 7 B 69% 38K 43% 52y 2 59 64 76 89 2 x 3 2 l / 2 x 3 3 x 3 3M x 4 4 x 4 4 1 A x 5 5 x 5 1 1 IX yl IK \% IK 18 m 2 2 580 530 725 675 845 795 1010 960 1080 1030 1895 1820 2065 1990 $175 210 230 355 415 500 540 171 Buffalo Disk Wheel, With Direct-attached Electric Motor. Electric Disk Wheel, Motor Connected Direct to the Fan Shaft. 172 Buffalo Disk Wheels, With Direct-attached Electric Motors. THE rapid gain in popularity of electricity as a motive power is continually making the con- venience of Buffalo Electric Ventilating Wheels better appreciated. The electric motors are built as part of the fan, and require only minimum power for driving. Nothing can approach them in adaptability to all locations and for all ventilating purposes. To start or stop is merely a matter of adjusting a switch or pushing a button, and neither engine or belt is required. Their operation is unattended with danger. It will at once be seen that the important question of proper ventilation need not be out of consideration in locations where a boiler and engine could not be placed. Then, again, the electric current to drive these fans can usually be obtained from the street wires of the electric light companies at moderate outlay. For ventilating purposes in dry goods stores, offices, private houses, restaurants and the like, a Buffalo Electric Ventilating Wheel is without question the most effective and desirable arrangement extant. Any position suited to obtain the maximum efficiency of a fan may be employed without affecting the arrangement of the motor. All these fans are of standard high grade, carefully balanced, and the entire outfit designed for quiet running at high speed. Almost any desired make of motor may be employed with Buffalo Disk Wheels, as their design readily lends itself to such combination. The high speed at which it is possible to run these wheels gives them large capacity ; therefore, a small fan, occupying but little space, can be used to ventilate apartments of considerable size. When running at an ordinary speed, they are noiseless and of no inconvenience. In the dynamo rooms of electric light plants, the Buffalo Electric Fans are naturally preferred to any other means of ventilation, and render most efficient service. For various ventilating uses on ships they are also particularly suited. Where Buffalo Ventilating Wheels are desired with the motor connected directly to the shaft of fan, full data must be given of the work to be performed. The table of dimensions on page 168 applying to Buffalo Pulley Disk Wheels, will serve for electric fans, the only difference being the width over all. Distance " E " is variable with make of motor employed, but will be supplied upon application. Motors are ordinarily wound for 1 15, 230 and 500-volt circuits. An extra charge is made for small motors for 500-volt circuits'. Invariably state voltage of current in all correspondence. Size of Fan, Inches Speed Motor, H. P. Amperes 18 1000 IX 1.5 24 775 1^ 3. 30 650 1 5. 36 600 2 10. 42 550 4 20. 48 500 5 25. 54 450 7^ 27.5 60 400 10 30. 72 350 15 30. Voltage 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 Prices ; 220.00 300.00 360.00 490.00 650.00 750.00 975.00 1200.00 1500.00 '73 Buffalo Disk Wheels, Electric Motor Belted to Fan. Wheel in Window Frame, Motor Connected by Belt. IN THE introduction and erection of Buffalo Disk Wheels to run with electric power, it frequently occurs that, for various reasons, it is desirable to use a motor independent from fan, but located convenient to run by a short belt connection. In most cases, this is the cheapest method of installation, and in the large majority of instances, considering all features, it is by far the most desirable. Buffalo Electric Ventilating Fans, with motor connecting directly to the shaft, are so constructed that two or three rates of speed are placed within command of the operator. In the above arrangement, with the independent motor belted to the fan, we can furnish and attach a cone pulley where so desired and requested in the order, thereby giving a still greater number of different speeds by simply changing the belt from one step of the pulley to the other. Especially where fans are used for furnishing fresh air in winter and for cooling in summer, the above feature of having the rates of speed under perfect control will be found very desirable, as at some seasons the highest attainable speed of the fan would reduce the temperature too much. It will readily be appreciated that, by using an independent motor, the amount of air delivered may be regulated to a nicety. These motors are furnished usually upon an adjustable bedplate, as illustrated, the use of which per- mits the slack in belts being instantly taken up while the fan is in motion, by means of the adjusting screw. In ordering electric fans, give a detailed description of the results which it is desired to secure, stating the amount of cubic feet of air to be moved per minute, and if to be carried through ducts or pipe connections, plans of same should be forwarded. The voltage of the current under which the motor is to operate should also be mentioned. 174 Buffalo Disk Wheels, Capacities in Cubic Feet of Air at Different Speeds. NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS OF WHEEL PER MINUTE 24-inch 100 1 10 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 1307 260 1444 270 1502 280 1561 290 1622 300 1684 310 1747 320 1812 330 1878 340 1945 350 2014 360 2083 370 2154 380 2227 390 2300 400 2375 410 2452 420 2529 430 2608 440 2688 450 2770 460 2853 470 2937 480 3022 490 3109 500 3197 510 3286 520 3376 530 3468 540 3561 550 3656 560 3752 570 3849 580 3947 590 4047 600 4148 610 4250 620 4354 630 4459 640 4565 650 4671 660 4779 670 4888 680 4998 690 5109 700 5221 AMOUNT OF AIR HANDLED IN CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE. FREE DELIVERY 30-inch 36-inch 42-inch 48~inch 54-inch 60-inch 2341 2457 2575 2696 2819 2945 3074 3205 3338 3474 3612 3753 3896 4042 4190 4344 4494 4650 4808 4969 5132 5208 5466 5636 5808 5982 6158 6336 6516 6698 6882 7068 7256 7446 7638 7832 8028 8226 8426 8628 8832 9038 9246 9456 9668 9882 10098 10316 10536 3594 3779 3966 4155 4347 4541 4738 4937 5139 5343 5550 5759 5971 6185 6402 6621 6843 7067 7294 7523 7755 7989 8221 8464 8706 8950 9197 9446 9699 9953 10210 10470 10632 10897 1 1 162 1 1430 11702 11977 12254 12534 12816 13101 13388 13678 13970 14265 14562 14862 15164 15469 15776 5038 5321 5607 5896 6188 6482 6779 7079 7382 7688 7906 8307 8621 8938 9258 9580 9905 10233 10564 10898 11234 11573 1 1915 12260 12608 12958 1331 1 13967 14026 14388 14752 151 19 15489 15862 16238 16616 16997 17381 17763 18158 18550 18945 19345 19744 20148 20554 20963 21375 21790 22202 22611 23017 23420 4245 4676 5100 5530 5965 6405 6851 7302 7758 8219 8686 9158 9635 101 17 10605 11098 11596 12099 12609 13122 13641 14165 14695 15230 15770 16315 16865 17421 17982 18508 191 19 19696 20278 20865 21457 22055 22658 23268 23884 24503 25127 25755 26390 27030 27675 28325 28980 29640 30283 30909 31518 32110 32685 33243 33784 34310 34836 35362 35888 36414 36940 6059 6665 7278 7897 8522 9154 9792 10437 11008 11746 12410 13088 13764 14447 15136 15822 16534 17243 17958 18680 19408 20143 20884 21632 22386 23147 23914 24688 25463 26255 27048 27748 28654 29467 30286 31112 31944 32783 33628 34480 35338 36203 37074 37952 38836 39727 40624 41528 42438 43355 44277 45208 46144 47087 48036 48992 49954 50923 51898 52880 53858 8387 9258 10137 1 1024 11919 12822 13733 14652 15579 16514 17457 18407 19367 20334 21309 22292 23283 24282 25289 26304 27327 28358 29397 30444 31499 32565 33633 34712 35799 36894 37997 39108 40227 41354 42489 43632 44783 45942 47109 48284 49467 50640 51795 52632 54051 55152 56235 57300 5P347 59376 60401 72-inch 14936 16506 18000 19688 21300 22926 24566 26220 27880 29570 31267 32976 34700 36438 38190 39956 41736 43530 45338 47160 48996 50846 52710 54588 56480 58386 60306 62240 64180 66103 67985 69834 71650 73433 75183 76900 78584 80235 81853 It is always more economical, in the matter of power, to select a comparatively large fan which will do the work at a moderate speed, than to attempt to accomplish the same results by driving a small fan at an excessive number of revolutions. 175 Buffalo Disk Wheels, General Application. Fig. 3. Side Elevation. Fig. 4. End Elevation. CUT Fig. 1 shows wheel placed inside of a window frame, discharging outside of building. This arrangement is specially adapted for factories, engine rooms and other places where it is desired simply to exhaust foul air, dust, steam, vapor, etc., from the room, and to insure a regular circulation and supply of fresh air in such apartments. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an application with Buffalo Disk Wheel in window or wall, dis- charging outward with pipe connections, as it is often desired to convey the exhaust from inner rooms or section of building through a pipe to outside ; all sharp bends or turns are to be avoided. 176 Buffalo Disk Wheels, Applied to Steam Laundries. Fig- 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. IN THE above engravings we have a Buffalo Disk Fan applied for exhausting steam, hot air and all offensive odors common to laundry rooms, containing the washing, dampening, wringing and other machinery. By removing bad odors and supplying an ample amount of fresh air at all times, which may be done by the use of one of the fans at small initial outlay and little expense of power, employees will be found to execute a greater amount and better class of work than if left to inhale the many impurities incident to laundry work. The efficiency of a fan in laundries is perhaps more noticeable than in many other uses. It should be large enough to quickly carry out the steam. That the Buffalo Disk Wheel is unquestionably more effective for the purpose than any other is shown by its being used in a large proportion of all the leading establishments. Figs. 5 and 6 show a Buffalo Exhaust Wheel drawing a current of hot air from the coils of pipe located at opposite end of dryer. With hot dry air coming in direct contact with the clothes in dryer, the work is done evenly, thoroughly and in considerably less time than can be done by any other method. Drawings of large plants supplied on application. Buffalo Disk Wheels, Applied for Drying Soap and Glue. THE above cut. Fig. 8, clearly shows a sectional view of a Buffalo Disk Fan and heater coils at one end, applied to a soap drying room. The arrangement is such that the air is forced evenly over the surface of the soap, gradually reaching every part of the dryer, then discharging upward through the pipe. In warm weather these coils of pipe may be filled with brine, which has the effect of condensing the large amount of moisture in the air, thus greatly increasing its drying capacity before passing over the soap. When the air is naturally in its best condition for drying, the steam may be turned off altogether and the brine dispensed with also, if desired. Another effective arrangement for this work is to place a Buffalo Disk Wheel at opposite end of the room, exhausting air from the coils instead of blowing through. The advantage of the Buffalo Disk Wheel for this purpose not only lies in its doing the work quicker, but it saves much time and space, while in a properly constructed outfit the drying is done very evenly. We are always pleased to furnish, free of expense, plans of dryers to those entrusting their order for wheels to us. Both of these arrangements are well adapted for drying glue, though for factories having large drying rooms the Buffalo Fan System Apparatus, described on previous pages, is much better adapted, giving positive results which are not to be obtained with a disk wheel except in small dryers. Glue dries most rapidly at a temperature of 70 degrees, which may be maintained at all seasons, as above shown. Some attention to the thermometer, of course, will be in order. The cost of reducing the temperature of the air to 70 degrees in summer by using brine in pipes is even less than that of raising the temperature to 70 degrees in winter, using steam in the heater. The work, therefore, may be carried on with profit the entire year. In all applications of a Buffalo Disk Wheel with piping, locate as near to the work to be done as possible, and have main pipe to and from the wheel always its full diameter. With pipe of proper dimensions, a certain wheel will handle as much, and ofttimes more air than a larger size could with insufficient diameter of pipe. Bends or turns in piping or flues should invariably be made with very easy curves, otherwise efficient results will not be obtained. 178 Buffalo Disk Wheels, Application for Removing Steam and Heat in Paper Mills. Fig. 9. HOW to apply a Buffalo Disk Wheel to ^remove all steam arising from paper machines is clearly shown in Figure 9, as above. The hood proper may consist of sheet steel or of galvanized iron. It is desirable, however, especially if the hood be of some length and rather narrow, to have the overhanging part of thick, heavy, oiled canvas, this being more easily attached than long strips of galvanized iron. The corners may be laced together or not joined, as preferred ; either arrangement will admit of the canvas being raised up out of the way when working over the machinery creating steam. To secure the maximum efficiency of a wheel used in connection with a large hood, it is always necessary to bring it down close to the work to be performed. The condensation of steam in winter in paper mills produces much annoyance and consider- able actual loss, in many instances, from its dripping upon stock. Where these mills are heated with the Buffalo Fan System, this feature will be scarcely noticeable, under the general conditions met. These outfits are also used for drying stock with highly efficient results. The size of a wheel for a textile mill or the machine room of a paper mill, primarily depends upon the size of same, and how often it will be necessary to make a change of air to prevent dripping of the condensed steam. In some instances, only a slight current of air will accomplish the desired results, while in others, a large volume and a strong velocity are needed. 179 Buffalo Blowers and Exhausters, Measurements of Blast Wheels. 2. O ELDOM is sufficient data or explanation given in ordering new blast wheels to enable execution O without further correspondence, unless the old wheel is returned. If careful attention be given to the following instructions, much delay and annoyance will be obviated. State the cata- logued style of fan, whether a Steel Pressure, or " B " Blower or Exhauster, Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhauster, Cotton Elevator, or a Steel Plate Pulley or Steam Fan, and whether the machine is a blower or an exhauster. Refer to the shop number, which is always stamped upon the shaft or end of the journal encasing it. Furnish a list of the principal dimensions of the wheel, which are indicated by the letters in the above outline cuts. Purchasers may either clip this diagram from the catalogue or refer to the page number, and state that the dimensions of " A," " B,"and "C," etc., are a certain number of inches ; these must be exact. When requested, an outline blue print will be sent, upon which these dimensions may be noted ; this should be returned with the order. Invariably mention what the fan is used for, that special or regular types of wheels may be sent as required. The reader will readily understand that with these machines being improved in design from time to time, necessarily the dimensions have been varied as such changes are made. 1 80 Buffalo Blowers and Exhausters, Suggestions to Purchasers. RIGHT HAND c Fig. I. Fig. 2. USTOMERS will avoid delays, trouble and expense, by carefully observing the following points in ordering or making inquiries : HAND AND DISCHARGE OF FANS. The above cuts illustrate the difference between a right and left hand fan in all types. Fig. 1 shows a bottom horizontal discharge left hand exhaust fan ; Fig. 2, a right hand bottom horizontal discharge exhauster. All fans are built either right or left hand. Right hand bottom horizontal discharge is always sent unless otherwise specified. Top horizontal, down, up or special angular discharge fans must be definitely so ordered. STEEL PLATE EXHAUST FANS. Invariably state for what service they are to be used. If for handling shavings or dust from wood-working machines, furnish a detailed list with description of each, preferred location of exhauster, distance material is to be carried, etc.; embody all the data in a diagram to scale, also showing position of line shaft and direction it runs. If used for handling dust from emery grinders, see remarks below under " B " exhausters. For exhausting smoke from forge fires, state the number of forges, whether of brick or iron construction, the desired location of exhauster, outlet for smoke, fumes, etc.; a sketch covering these points will be of great help. STEEL PRESSURE BLOWERS. Give a clear description of the work they are to perform. For blowing cupola furnaces, state diameter of the inside of the cupola lining, number and size of tuyeres, quantity of iron to be melted in a given time, fuel used, distance blower sets from cupola, maker, catalogue size and number of cupola. If for blowing forge fires, state the number and their size, whether small, ordinary or large, and most convenient location for blower. "B" VOLUME BLOWERS AND EXHAUSTERS. For furnace fires, give the square feet of grate surface and kind of fuel consumed. For emery or other polishing spindles, state diameter, number and use, and send a sketch to scale, showing position in the room and intended location of exhauster ; if for ventilation, give size of room, length, width and height. Label all sketches. 181 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhauster, With Overhung Wheel. Fan^Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. Design Admits Change of Outlet Position (see Description Page 185). 182 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, With Overhung Wheels. CUSTOMERS ordering Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters are requested to care- fully observe " Suggestions to Purchasers " on page 181 and also the remarks on page 180, when requiring new blast wheels. Much annoyance and delay will be saved by complying with the above. We always send right hand bottom horizontal discharge exhausters in the absence of other advices. These are constantly carried in stock. Purchasers should not be led to believe that fans with larger inlets or outlets than Buffalo Exhausters, (which are properly proportioned in every respect) are of greater efficiency. Enlarged inlet and outlet rings bolted to the shell of an exhaust fan do not indicate its capacity, as some manufac- turers claim. The proportion of some fans in this regard is such as to render their efficiency very low. The height of shell and diameter of blast wheel are the important dimensions, and upon which the capacity of an exhauster depends. Particular attention is called to the journal bearings employed for Buffalo Fans (see page 188). Seeking only for the best, we have adopted and patented this oil ring bearing after years of experience, and offer it as unequaled by any fan journal on the market. For table of dimensions, see page 190. GUARANTEE Buffalo Steel Plate Exhausters are guaranteed to be built of the best material in a thoroughly workmanlike manner, to run with less power, to be more durable, to be so proportioned as to give the greatest suction and expulsive power obtainable, and to be sold at lower prices for the same size and capacity than those of any other manufacture. All machines having their component dimensions or proportions at variance with Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhaust- ers are either inordinate consumers of power or are of comparatively inferior capacity. These are by far the heaviest, most substantial and efficient exhausters obtainable. SINGLE FANS PRICE LIST, SIZES AND DIMENSIONS. Size 30-inch 35 " 40 ' 45 " 50 " 55 " 60 " 70 ' 80 " Outside Diameter Outside Size of Inlet of Outlet 19 20 22/ 2 24% 9y 2 x 9/ 2 UX x 11X 13X x 13> 15 x 15 18 x 18 22 x 22 26 x 26 SINGLE FA N PULLEYS Price of Diameter Face Single Fans 6 4^ $ 55.00 7 5/ 2 70.00 8 6 90.00 9 6K 115.00 10 7 150.00 11 8 185.00 H# 9 200.00 12 10 250.00 14 10^ 300.00 183 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhauster, Double Type with Overhung Wheels. Bottom Horizontal Discharge. Design Admits Change of Outlet Position (see Description Page 185). 184 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, With Overhung Wheels. THE cut on page 182 illustrates the latest developments in Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Ex- hausters. A prime feature of the design of these exhausters, upon which letters patent have been obtained, is the ability to change the discharge of the machine by merely loosening the bolts securing the case to the standard. The shell may be then turned to the desired discharge. A right hand bottom horizontal discharge, as shown by the engraving, changed to a top horizontal, then becomes a left hand machine. The Buffalo Oil Ring Bearings (see page 188) are now employed both on the single and double machines. For sustained high speeds this bearing is unequalled. Although adapted for other uses, this type of fan is primarily built for removing chips, shavings and other refuse from wood-working machinery. No other style of fan construction shows as many radical, yet recent, improvements. Formerly, the shells were largely, and in many cases wholly, built of cast iron, with the hangers supporting the wheel, shaft and pulley secured to the cast iron side of the exhauster. Buffalo Planing Mill Exhausters are now, with the exception of the bottom plate, mouth-piece and standard for the journal boxes, built of steel. Steel plate is used for the shells, with heavy base angle irons. The shock and vibration of the shell, caused by blocks passing through the fan, therefore, are not transmitted to the journals. As shown by the engravings, the wheel, shaft and pulleys are supported by a standard with broad base ; this rests on the floor, or frame, if the fan is hung or suspended from ceiling, and removes all strain from the side of the shell. A substan- tial support for the running parts of the exhauster is thus provided. Built as above, we not only secure the highest efficiency and convenience, but the life of these exhausters will average, on the whole, a very great increase over that of the cast iron form of shell construction. In single and double exhausters, the blast wheels are identical and of the latest improved de- sign. The spider is of cast iron, with the hub accurately bored, the wheels being keyed and set- screwed securely to the shaft. The blades of the wheel are of extra heavy steel, and are substantially built for the hardest service. A special form of wheel construction is furnished for Buffalo Shaving Exhausters, which are to handle long, stringy shavings. In the manufacture of barrels and other wood-working industries, where green shavings are produced, and long, the Buffalo Exhausters with special wheels have been found entirely reliable ; there is no chance whatever for the shavings to be caught and entangled. In ordering fans to handle long, stringy shavings always refer to this point, otherwise the regular wheel will be sent, which is not suited for such work. The wheels of all Buffalo Exhausters are accurately balanced, run steadily at high speeds, and produce blast or suction with minimum loss by friction. Refer to page 180 when ordering new wheels. The majority of exhaust fans are inordinate consumers of power. Careful tests have shown that with equal conditions, the same amount of power applied to Buffalo Exhausters has yielded greater suction and expulsive force than that obtained from any othej fan. The absorption of power applied to Buffalo Shaving Exhausters by friction will not exceed 10 per cent, to 20 per cent, under proper applications ; these results defy comparison. Having reduced the cost of manufacture to the finest point, we offer these exhausters at the lowest figure for which a fan of equal capacity and durability can be built. 185 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhauster, Double Type, with Overhung Wheels. Top Horizontal Discharge. Design Admits Change of Outlet Position (see Description). 186 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Double Type, with Overhung Wheels. THE construction of the Buffalo Steel Plate Double Exhausters is of the same superior order as is characteristic of the single fans. It is claimed by some manufacturers that the smaller diameters of exhausters are more effective than the larger ones, in proportion to their size. Exhausters running at the same velocity of wheel periphery in feet per minute, do not have greater expulsive power, neither will they blow stronger in small diameters than in large ones, operating under properly proportioned pipe connections. The advantage in using double exhausters, therefore, chiefly lies in the matter of convenience in application. In determining whether a single or double fan should be employed for a wood-working outfit, the proposed position of fan, and point at which discharge is to be made, will enter for consideration. With using a double exhauster, smaller pipes can often be used with less elbows or bends, and by locating fan centrally the material to be moved has less distance to travel before reaching the fan. Less perpendicular space overhead is required than for a single exhauster of the same capacity, and only a single belt and single counter are required ; all conditions being equal, however, there is no saving of power. On both single and double fans the self-oiling journal boxes (see page 188), especially adapted for the arduous duty of shavings exhausters, are used exclusively. The finest babbitted bearings of extra length, steel journals, large self-oiling devices, and perfect alignment the necessary character- istics for successful running at high speed are employed, and a " hot-box," therefore, is unknown. The journals are all hardened after being turned, and then ground accurately to standard gauge. Purchasers should not be led to believe that fans with larger inlets or outlets are of greater efficiency. Enlarged inlet and outlet rings bolted to the shell of an exhauster do not indicate its capacity, as some manufacturers claim. The proportion of some fans in this regard is such as to render their efficiency very low. See guarantee on page 183. Double exhausters are built either bottom or top horizontal, or up discharge ; seldom larger sizes than given in table are required, though they can be built to order of any dimensions, if desired. DOUBLE FANS PRICE LIST, SIZES AND DIMENSIONS. Size Outside Diameter of Inlets Outside Size of Outlets DOUBLE FAN PULLEYS Price of Double Fans Diameter Face 30-inch HfV 9% x 9^ 8 7 $ 90.00 35 " 13 r V 11X x 11^ 9 8 100.00 40 " 14% t3K x 13# 10 9 130.00 45 " 17% 15 x 15 11 9^ 170.00 50 " 19 16^ x 16X 12 10 210.00 55 " 60 " 20^: 22^ 18 x 18 19# x 19tf 13 14 11 12 275.00 325.00 187 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, With Overhung; Wheels. > Outside View of Oil Ring Bearing. Sectional View of Oil Ring Bearing. 1 88 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, i fe With Overhung Wheels. VARIOUS USES. This type of fan is not only adapted for handling refuse from wood-working machinery, but is especially suited for a large number of other purposes. They are widely employed for removing smoke and gases created by forges and furnaces in blacksmith shops, dust from emery grinders, buffing wheels and the like. For the latter use they are built extra heavy. The Buffalo " B " Volume Exhausters are also employed for this service. In wood-pulp mills, handling of bark in the process of manufacture of pulp is now a common application, but the work necessitates a fan of unusual strength. In tanneries, for handling spent bark, these exhausters are now most successfully applied. In both the above instances, we build the exhausters with the casings and wheels of double thickness. For handling the long, stringy shavings produced in the manufacture of barrels, staves, shingles and green hardwood lumber, the Buffalo Steel Plate Exhausters are built of extra heavy material, with special wheel after the general form of the regular cotton fan, which obviates the opportunity for shavings to be caught and entangled when passing through the exhauster. It is frequently desired to apply an exhauster for handling acid fumes, which readily attack and destroy steel and cast iron. To overcome these features, we build a special line of exhausters with copper or brass wheels, and line the fans with lead, copper, asphaltum, or other material not chemically affected by the gases to be handled. In the larger sizes, wood housing exhausters with the same special wheels are frequently employed. In chemical works and certain mining operations, it is occasionally desired to handle gases at a high temperature, frequently exceeding 500 Fahr. This may be successfully accomplished by the use of Buffalo Special Exhausters, made solely for this purpose. They are usually designed with water-cooling boxes, so that the bearings and shaft are kept cool, permitting continuous running, while the fan itself partakes of the temperature of the gases handled. In all exhausters of this type the wheels are overhung, with no bearing on the inlet side. Right hand bottom horizontal discharge exhausters are always sent in the absence of other advices. These are constantly carried in large stock. Left hand machines are also usually carried for prompt shipments. BUFFALO OIL RING BEARINGS were first introduced by us for the celebrated Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers. The service here demanded the most perfect bearing for rapidly rotating parts. As the journal proved so infinitely superior to all others, it has been adopted, though with some varia- tions, for all the different types of blowers and exhausters built by this house. The engravings on opposite page clearly illustrate the design used on the shaving exhausters. A more positive or perfect bearing does not exist. It is entirely automatic in action, the oil being constantly carried around the shaft by a ring ; it is thus impossible for the bearings to be without lubrication while there is oil in the chamber. The dimensions of the latter are ample, and the oil is not wasted. The ring operates perfectly quiet until the oil becomes low ; when any noise is heard, it may be taken as a signal for re-filling. The bearings, however, will run for quite a time after the signal is noticed. A renewed supply of oil is not required oftener than once a week, even in continuous high speeds. 189 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, With Overhung Wheels. -x C- DIMENSIONS OF STEEL PLATE PLANING MILL EXHAUSTERS IN INCHES. Size of A R Exhauster ' C D H F G H J K L M N Face of Diam of Diam of Pulley Pulley Shaft Weight in Lbs. 30 in. 6% 14% 8% 9% 13 ii&;i5% 32X 9/2 26 10^ 10/5 "# 6 6 1% 296 35 in. 7% 16# 9% iiX 15% 13 r Vl8% 36X "V 30>( 12X 12 r \ 14% 6M 7 1% 414 40 in. 8% 18 T 3 5 10& 13% 18 14% 22 41X 13^ 36 14 14% 15% 7>/ 2 8 2 559 45 in. 9/ 2 20ft 11 15 20% 17% 24-4 45/g 15 40X \5/ 2 16X 16% 8% 9 2% 763 50 in. 10% 21% i\X 16% 22% 19 27X 48^ 16X 45 18X 17^ 17% o 10 2X 1003 55 in. 11% 23% \2# 18 24% 20% 29 53^ 18 49^ 19^" 20% 19% 9^ 1 1 2% 1270 60 in. 12% 24% 13X >^ 26X 22^ 31 57^ 19^ 52X 22^ 22^ 20^ 10% 12 2% 1526 70 in. 13# 26% 14% 22 28% 24^ 36 60^ 22 57 23^ 24 21^ 11% 12 2% 1740 80 in. 15% 28 16tf 26 35% 30^ 44/i 64 26 71 25X 29% 23 12 12 2% 2010 NOTE. The height " G " to center is the same on bottom horizontal, top horizontal and up discharge exhausters of the same size. The total height of all top horizontal discharge exhausters is nearly double the dimension " G." Buffalo Double Exhausters are made from two single machines. All dimensions are the same for corresponding sizes, excepting width over all, which is : Size double 30-inch, 47 inches; size 35-inch, 53^ inches; size 40-inch, 63^ inches; size 45-inch, 69^ inches; size 50-inch, 76 inches; size 55-inch, 81^ inches; size 60-inch, inches ; size 70-inch, 96^ inches ; size 80-inch, 107 inches. 190 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, With Overhung Wheels. SUGGESTIONS TO USERS. In ordering, always mention whether right or left hand fan is desired, and what style of discharge bottom horizontal, top horizontal, up or down blast. A right hand machine has pulley on the right hand side as you stand facing the outlet ; a left hand has pulley on the left hand side, standing in the same position. The object of the various forms is to do away with extra bends in delivery pipe, to reduce the amount of floor space required, and to secure the maximum efficiency of a fan of a given size. Often a crossed belt will be required to run a bottom horizontal discharge exhauster, owing to the position in which it is placed, when the substitution of a top horizontal discharge will still deliver air in the same direction using an open belt. Always state the number of wood-working machines from which the exhauster is to handle the refuse ; give a clear description of each, with the name of maker. The best way is to furnish a drawing to scale or sketch with all distances given, indicating position of line shaft, direction it turns, proposed position of exhauster, and location of shaving house. Reference should be made as to the character of work to be performed, and whether lumber is hard or soft, wet or dry. The size of a shaving exhauster required for every outfit must be determined by the size of the main suction pipe; the size of this in its turn depends upon the sizes and total number of the branch pipes leading to the machines. Branch pipes must necessarily vary in diameters from 3 in. to 8 in., according to the machines to which they are connected, and their distances from the main pipe. For a distance from the main suction pipe exceeding 25 feet, the majority of branch pipes should be increased in diameter 20 per cent, for each additional 20 feet. After computing the separate areas of branches, it will be found, in most cases, that the area for the main suction pipe after all branches have entered should be 15 to 20 per cent, in excess of the aggregate areas of these. It is always better to figure the exhauster large, in proportion to the work to be done, so that the fan will handle it easily, and thus have a reserve capacity, if it is desired to add additional machines to the wood-working outfit at any later period. BUFFALO SHAVINGS AND DUST SEPARATOR. An efficient machine for collecting dust, shavings, etc., at the same time providing a free escape for air necessarily delivered by a shavings exhaust fan in handling refuse material, is an indispensable mechanism in planing mills and other industries in which exhaust fans are employed to convey fibrous material of any kind. Primitive arrangements to perform the duty of a modern dust separator have consisted of a series of screens ; these were commonly employed in the absence of anything better. Constant attention was required to prevent clogging up, and the back pressure upon fan has often been found to be so great as to render it practically inoperative. The Improved Buffalo Separators are constructed of heavy sheet steel throughout, are positive in action at all times, and are so connected with the discharge pipe from fan, that a minimum amount of back pressure is secured. After entering the dust separator, the refuse material from the wood-working machines drops by gravity out at the bottom, and can be led to the shaving bin, or conveyed directly into the boilers, the air passing out through opening left for the purpose. 191 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Improved Countershafts. PRICE LIST, AND TABLE OF DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. Size of Fan S L A B C D E F G K Price 30 in. IK 31 9 5 26 4)4 14 25X w 2 $24.00 35 in. i* 34^ 10 5/2 30 5/ 2 16 28 6 2X 30.00 40 in. 2 37^ 12 6 32 6 17 31 6^ 2^ 40.00 45 in. 2X 40X 14 6 36 6/ 2 l9/ 2 33 7 2^ 50.00 50 in. ^ 46^ 16 8 40 7/ 2 21* 39 7^ 3 65.00 55 in. 2% 51 18 8 42 8# 22X 40 9 3 80.00 60 in. 3 56 20 9 44 10 24 45 9 3* 85.00 70 in. 3 61 22 10 48 12 26 50 9 3X 90.00 192 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Table of Air Capacities, in Cubic Feet per Minute. THE Buffalo Planing Mill Exhausters are employed for a wide variety of uses aside from handling shavings and other refuse from wood-working machinery. The following table, which indicates the capacities and speeds for air velocities for 2-oz. pressure and below, will be found very use- ful in selecting sizes of fans. The table on page 195 gives the speeds for pressures above 2 ozs. Engineers and others desiring the air deliveries for this table will be supplied with a blue print upon application. Invariably state the service the exhausters are to be used for. VELOCITIES AND PRESSURES AT FAN OUTLET Velocities in Feet per Minute ; Pressures in Ounces SIZE 3657 FEET PER MINUTE, 4482 FEET PER MINUTE, 5175 FEET PER MINUTE, 7338 FEET PER MINUTE, 54-OUNCE K-OUNCE I-OUNCE 2-OUNCE R M 7 nu P e er Capacity 30 in. 35 in. 40 in. 45 in. 50 in. 55 in. 60 in. 70 in. 2294 3219 4662 5772 6771 8325 9990 11877 1039 835 737 686 620 553 505 464 2790 3915 5670 7020 8235 10125 12150 14445 1264 1015 896 834 755 672 614 584 Capacity 3224 4524 6552 8112 9516 11700 14040 16692 Capacity 1460 1173 1035 964 872 777 710 653 4588 6438 9324 11544 13542 16650 19980 23754 2078 1670 1474 1372 1241 1106 1010 930 BUFFALO COUNTERSHAFTS FOR SHAVINGS EXHAUST FANS are far superior to ordinary ones. They are specially designed, and naturally the shafts and pulleys are properly proportioned for the work. The pulleys are light, but strong and carefully balanced. Steel shafts are employed and accurately turned to size. The journals are thoroughly babbitted, adjustable and provided with oil drip cups. The engraving on the opposite page gives the details of standard countershafts. Tight and loose pulleys may be supplied at a nominal additional price, when so desired. Extra length of shafts may also be furnished. Page 228 affords an excellent half-tone illustration of these countershafts. 193 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Application of the Single Type. Elevation. Plan. A Well-arranged Shavings Exhaust Outfit. 194 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Tables of Speeds and Weights of Galvanized Pipes. IN THE compilation of the following table, due allowance has been made for loss of peripheral velocity and also for slipping of belt. When these exhausters are used for removing smoke from forge fires and other similar pur- poses, they will be found to yield sufficient suction when run at speeds given for average work, unless applied to too large a number of fires. TABLE OF SPEEDS FOR VARIOUS PRESSURES. FOR LIGHT WORK FOR ORDINARY WORK FOR HEAVY WORK T-\^.._. _ FAN 2-oz. 2^-02. 3-02. 3^-02. 4-oz. 4M-OZ. 5-02. 6-oz. 7-oz. FAN Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure 30-in. 1814 2020 2226 2402 2576 2732 2886 3168 3429 30-in. 35-in. 1468 1634 1800 1942 2084 2210 2335 2563 2779 35-in. 40-in. 1285 1431 1577 1702 1825 1934 2045 2245 2429 40-in. 45-in. 1174 1308 1442 1555 1668 1768 1869 2037 2221 45-in. 50-in. 1082 1205 1327 1432 1536 1629 1721 1890 2045 50-in. 55-in. 964 1073 1184 1276 1369 1452 1534 1684 1823 55-in. 60-in. 882 982 1083 1168 1252 1328 1403 1540 1667 60-in. 70-in. 812 904 995 1075 1153 1223 1292 1419 1535 70-in. TABLE OF WEIGHTS OF GALVANIZED IRON PIPE, IN POUNDS, PER RUNNING FOOT. D of a pije. r No ' 24 No ' 22 in Inches a No. 20 Gauge No. 18 Gauge No. 16 Gauge Diameter of Pipe, in Inches No. 24 No. 22 No. 20 Gauge Gauge Gauge No. 18 Gauge No. 16 Gauge 4 \y 2 \x 2 2t/2 3X 28 g l/2 11^ 14 18 2\y 2 5 1# 2 2 l /z 3 l / 2 4 30 10 12X 15 19^ 23 6 2y& 2)4 3 4 4^ 32 103^ 13 16 21 24y 2 7 2)4 3 3)4 4)4 5J^ 34 \\% 14 17 22 26 8 2% 33/ 4 $X 6^ 36 12 15 18 24 27)4 9 3X 33^ S^ 38 123/ 16 19 25 29^ 10 3)4 4 > 1 A 7^ 40 13K 17 20 26^ ! 31 11 3# 4/^ 5^ 7 42 18 21 28 33 12 4 4% 6 7 1 A 9 44 19 22 30 35 13 4^ 5 6^ Q l / 2 10 46 20 23 31/^ 37 14 4^ 5*/ 2 7 9 11 48 21 24 33 39 15 5 6 7/4 9 12 50 22 25 35 41 16 sy$ 6)4 8 iox 13 52 26 36^ 43 18 6 7X 9 \\ l / 2 14% 54 27 38^ 45 20 6^ 8 10 123^. 15K 56 28 40 47 22 7% 83^ 11 14 163^ 58 29 42 49 24 8 93/8 12 1554^ 18)4 60 30 44 51 26 83^ 20 For planing mill work, pipes up to 8 inches diameter should be 24 gauge ; 8 to 14 inches, 22 gauge ; 14 to 20 inches, 20 gauge ; 20 to 30 inches, 18 gauge ; larger sizes for heavy work, 16 gauge. i95 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, An Effective Application. Sectional View, Fig. i. A Plan View, Fig. 2. SMALL but well-connected and arranged wood- working exhaust outfit is illustrated in sectional Fig. 1 above. Direct runs of exhaust pipe are employed and this should always be sought in planning the layout of a planing mill equipment. The application should always be such as to involve the least number of bends and turns in the conveying pipe, both before it reaches the fan, and after. Then the most satisfactory results will be secured, with a minimum expenditure of power. The maximum efficiency of any fan cannot be secured when it is operating in conjunction with right- angled elbows, or with sharp bends and turns. It will be observed that the shaving vault is located in close communication to the boiler room, and arrangement may be made for the feeding of the shavings direct into the boiler, or they may be deposited in a bin provided for the purpose and used as needed. Convenient progressive dry kilns are at the right of the boiler house, the green stock being introduced therein at the opposite side, and gradually brought into the factory from the hot end of kiln, as it becomes dry and is needed to work into manufactured goods. A mere outline of the heating apparatus is shown ; it is a fan system plant utilizing the exhaust steam from the engine, which is ordinarily sufficient for heating the works, excepting in extreme weather. Conveying pipes lead therefrom to the upper stories, in which are located the finishing rooms, etc. Sufficient data is embodied in accompanying pages to enable customers to estimate the size of exhaust fan required for any outfit. 196 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Data Regarding Applications. LOCATION. Always place the exhauster so that the course of the main suction and discharge pipes will be in as nearly a straight line as practicable from the inlet and outlet, respectively, of the fan, and as near the greater portion of the material to be carried away as possible. The main suc- tion pipe should never be tapered until the branch pipes to machines have reduced the power of suc- tion to a smaller area, and an ordinary outfit will not require tapering oftener than once in 15 to 20 feet. Avoid taking out of the main suction pipes, two branches directly opposite. Connect the branches to the main pipe either at the side or above the center, never underneath the center line of the main pipe. Enter branches in main in the direction of movement of air toward exhauster. Make branches as short as possible, and in connecting to hoods over machines, avoid abrupt bends. HOODING MACHINES. The proper form of hood construction is a very important factor ; more exhaust fans have been condemned from a lack of intelligence on this point than from any other cause. Pages 198 to 201 illustrate the sizes, dimensions and forms of the various styles of hoods and hoppers for a wide variety of machines. These necessarily have to be fitted on the ground.. Fit hoods closely to the journal boxes, rollers and pressure bars of planers and molders, so that the supply of air must pass up and around the material that is being worked. Planer hoods, arranged with telescopic joints and counterbalance weights (see page 201), are very convenient of adjustment, as they permit raising from the machine when desired, and are less liable to become jammed than when placed on the floor. All turns or bends in pipes should be on an easy curve and in the direction of the moving air. SIZES OF BRANCH PIPES FOR SAWS The outline cuts of hoods which follow, make it an easy task to select the proper sizes of branch pipes for almosi all wood-working machinery. As few of the different variety of saws are given herein, we append herewith a list, with the extreme sizes of branch pipes required. Many plants in daily operation are used with smaller diameters. This is. partly dependent upon their length, as well as the condition of the material passing through the saw. Rip Saws, 18-inch 4-inch pipe. Saw, Combination 5-inch pipe. Cut-off Saws, 18-inch 4 " " Saw, Band 4 Rip or Cut-off Saw, 24-inch .... 5 " " Saw, Groove 4 " " Split Saw 4 " " Resaw, Endless, ^ to 1-inch . . . 5 " " Boiling Saw 5 to 6 " " " " \*/ 2 to 2^-inch . .6 " Swing Circular Saws, 12 to 20-inch 4 " " Resaw, Circular, 18-inch 5 " " Saws. Heavy Cut-off, 24-inch . . .6 " " Resaw, 24 to 30-inch . . .6 " " BLAST GATES. All branches and " sweep- ups" (except the extreme end of the main pipe,, which should always be left open), should have a blast gate or cut off, that, when machine is not in use, by closing off the branch, there will be economy of power. Each should be provided with an opening in the center of slide from 1 y 2 to 2 inches in diameter, according to the size of the branch pipe. The object of these is to maintain a current of air through the branches when not in use suf- ficient to avoid their becoming clogged by refuse from other branches through the main. 197 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, General Application. Hood Form for Tenoning Machine. Lower Hood. -*i i* 6" Upper Hood. --10"- SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW. Outside Hood. END VIEW. SIDE VIEW. Hood Forms for Sticker Machines. Upper Hood. Lower Hood. I* -6*-* 5"- SIDE VIEW. ETMD VIEW. * 12" ** '*-- 5 1 -*" i s"-* SIDE VIEW. END VIEW. SIDE VIEW. "Inside Hood. Inside Hood. r~ i. % f- Outside Hood. f - i CO cb i .* / / *-- SIDE VIEW. 4_J SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW. FRONT VIEW. SIDE VIEW. VIEW. Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, General Application. Hood Forms for Sticker Machines. Upper Hood. Lower Hood. -11- END VIEW. SIDE VIEW. END VIEW. SIDE VIEW. Hood Forms for Double Matcher and Flooring Machine. Lower Hood. Upper Hood. f cb 6-- A END VIEW. 17 SIDE VIEW. -5-- Left Hand Hood. 5(1 - x - Q L -* END VIEW. FRONT VIEW. SIDE VIEW. Right Hand Hood. !*-5*- SIDE VIEW AND PLAN. SIDE VIEW AND PLAN. 199 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, General Application. Hood Forms for Double Matcher and Flooring Machine. Form for Pony Planer Hood. i~- -5'-- 1 i--5" *i Form for Shaping Machine Hood. f -6" *i f- - i --6-*- r -24 SIDE VIEW. -7-" END VIEW. Form of Resaw Hopper. ------- 33- --------------------- 1 -20-- SIDE VIEW. END VIEW.. Form of Floor Sweep-up. t n ->i r-5 1 "! SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW. Form of Jointer Hood. ' 18-- H FRONT VIEW. CO i - cb i- i END VIEW., Form of Hood for Swing Cut-off Saw. END VIEW. SIDE VIEW. SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW.. 2CX3 Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, Data Regarding Applications. o N THE preceding pages are practical illustrations for hooding and connecting up planing mill ma- chines with Buffalo Steel Plate Exhausters. Special attention is called to the outline engravings of hoods ; they are taken from full size measurements of patterns used in the most successful wood-working exhaust outfits in the country. There is so great a difference in the wood-working machinery of the various builders, that it is always nec- essary to hood the machines on the ground. Unless de- tailed drawings of the machines are sent, hoods that will fit perfectly cannot be made. The diagrams show the more common forms of hoods and connections, and enough suggestions are embodied to cover all general re- quirements. In the example of sticker machines, we Planer Hood, s h ow two sizes O f hoods, though their forms are similar, with Counterbalance Weights. It will be found> in the case of a large nurnbe r of other wood-working machinery, especially planers, that the dimensions of hoods will necessarily vary according to the sizes of knives, etc. In all cases of planer hoods, fit closely around journal bearings at end of hoods. Stay sides of hoods at bottom with angle iron. Always arrange the hood on a machine which directs the shavings forward so the cuttings will be thrown directly into the pipe connection to hood, and prevent their dropping back upon the material being worked. Under-cutter hoods should be fitted as closely as possible under the cylinder, so that the shavings will drop down into the pipes connected with same. Saw benches and buzz-planers or jointers should have hoppers of wood or metal underneath, with pipe connections above or under the floor, as may be most convenient. Put a rack or netting into the hopper, to catch slivers or pieces that may pass down by the saw on the side. This will prevent clogging of the pipe. Floor "clean-ups," or sweepers, may be made of metal or wood, with slide door in side ; keep closed when not in use. The branch should not be less than five or six inches in diameter. Herewith we append a list of wood-working machines, with the sizes of pipes, etc., required in each instance, which are not illustrated : Planer with knives 28 to 36 inches long, 7-inch pipe ; Planer with knives 24 to 26 inches long, 6-inch pipe ; Buzz Planer with knives 30 inches long, 6-inch pipe ; Universal Wood Worker, two 6-inch and two 5-inch pipes ; Gainer, 5-inch pipe ; Dado, 5-inch pipe ; Panel Riser, 4 to 5-inch pipe ; Rounder each head 5-inch pipe ; Drum Sander with knives 12 to 15 inches, 5-inch pipe ; Drum Sander with knives 20 to 28 inches, 6-inch pipe ; Drum Sander with knives 30 to 40 inches, 7-inch pipe ; Sand Belts, 5-inch pipe ; Invincible Sanders, 7 to 8-inch pipe ; Vertical Sander, 6-inch pipe ; Swing Sander, 5-inch pipe ; Dovetailing Machine, 5-inch pipe. Buffalo Cotton Elevator Fan, With Overhung Wheel. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. Design Admits Change of Outlet Position (see Description, Page 203). Buffalo Cotton Elevator Fans, With Overhung Wheels. THESE elevators are particularly adapted for use in connection with cotton separators, and are primarily designed for elevating seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton hulls, and various fibrous ma- terial of similar texture and nature. The construction is nearly identical with the regular Buffalo Steel Plate Planing Mill Exhausters, their external appearance being exactly the same. The same high quality of material is employed, and practically the only difference between the two types of fans lies in the blast wheels. These are so formed that there is no opportunity for the catching or lodging of cotton, with the accompanying result of clogging and obstructing the operation of the elevator. A prime feature of the design of these fans is the ability to change the discharge by merely loosening the bolts which secure the case to the standard. The shell may then be turned to any desired point. Right hand bottom horizontal discharge, as shown by the engraving, changed to a top horizontal then becomes left hand. In the table which follows, the division, "Revolutions per Minute," indicates the highest and lowest speeds required. It is impossible to name the exact speed in every instance, for the reason that this is directly dependent upon the length of pipes, number of turns and the strength of suction required. Damp and dirty cotton will require a heavier velocity of air to lift it, than dry, light and loose material. Too great a speed of the fan causes some of the cotton to hull, with the attendant outcome of some of the husks or seed covers passing through the gin, injuring the product. Buffalo Steel Plate Cotton Elevators are built right or left hand, bottom horizontal, top hori- zontal, down or up discharge. Right hand bottom horizontal discharge is always sent in the absence of other advices. Attention is directed to "Suggestions to Purchasers," on page 191. Buyers should not think that in fans with larger inlets or outlets than Buffalo Exhausters (which are properly pro- portioned in every respect), they are securing greater efficiency. The bearings used on these fans are illustrated on page 1 88. For detailed dimensions of different sizes refer to page 1 90. GUARANTEE. Buffalo Steel Plate Cotton Elevators are guaranteed to be built of the best material, in a thoroughly workmanlike manner, to run with as little power, to be as durable, to be so proportioned as to give the greatest suction and expulsive power obtainable, and to be sold at lower prices for the same size and capacity than those of any other manufacture. PRICE LIST, CAPACITY AND SPEED. Size of Machine Size of Outlet Outside Diameter of Inlet Diameter and Face of Pulley Revolutions per Minute Capacity in Pounds per Hour Price 30-in. 9^ in. x 9 l / 2 in. 1 1 T 3 5 in. 6 in. x 4}4 in. 1500 to 2000 ' 3500 to 5000 $ 55.00 35-in. ll'X in. x 11< in. 13 T V in. 7 in. x 5^ in. 1200 to 1800 4000 to 6000 70.00 40-in. 13> in. x 13)^ in. \47/ 8 in. 8 in. x 6 in. ! 1 100 to 1500 4500 to 6500 90.00 45-in. 15 in. x 15 in. 17^8 in. 9 in. x b l /2 in. 950 to 1350 , 5000 to 6800 115.00 50-in. if>.H in. x 16/4^ in. i 19 in. 10 in. x 7 in. 800 to 1200 i 5500 to 7200 150.00 55-in. 18 in. x 18 in. | 20^ in. 11 in. x 8 in. 850 to 1100 6000 to 7600 185.00 60-in. 19fc in. x 19%" in. 22^ in. 11> z in. x 9 in. 750 to 1000 6500 to 8500 200.00 203 O -4 oi > JJ w o U PQ o E i_ o u- OJ > o s o. 204 Buffalo Cotton Elevator Fans, With Overhung Wheels. ASIDE from the efficiency of the Buffalo Steel Plate Cotton Fans as elevators of this material, they have found great favor with ginners throughout the country as a cleaner and dryer. The blades of the fan are so constructed that clogging up is a feature entirely unknown to Buffalo Cotton Elevators. The seed cotton passes over an easy curve of the wheel to the outlet of the fan case, thereby totally preventing all friction of cotton between the fan wheel and the shell. Fire arising from the use of certain cotton elevators is not an uncommon occurrence with those whose construction is such that there is considerable friction between the metallic surfaces. In the Buffalo Steel Plate Cotton Elevator Fans this danger is eliminated. The cotton is so thoroughly picked apart, opened up and separated, that wads are absolutely prevented. Such dust as may be present in the material is easily eradicated by the action of the fan blades in opening up the material and the attendant rapid current of air. It is a well known fact to cotton ginners throughout the country, that dirty and damp cotton, by the use of an ordinary elevator, will be delivered from the gin without a change in its quality. Several grades of improvement have been noted when handled by a Buffalo Steel Plate Fan. As the engravings upon the opposite page show, the main suction pipe from the exhauster communicates as directly as possible (avoiding numerous bends) with the wagon or point at which the material is taken up. A properly proportioned and shaped hood, with a telescopic joint and the usual counterbalancing weights, in taking cotton from a wagon will be found indispensable in a conveniently arranged outfit. If the cotton passes through the fan, the discharge may lead to the gin or store- house, as desired. Provision may also be made for discharging temporarily a portion or all of the material into bins, and by the use of dampers, and branch pipes so arranged to direct the suction of the exhauster from the bins, the cotton may afterward be again passed through it, and then led to the gin. Frequently, the above is a very desirable feature. Drawings of all such special layouts will be cheerfully furnished with every order, but it is always necessary for purchasers to send sketches to scale of their buildings, in order to enable the preparation of such plans. Special attention is directed to the unique and unsurpassed bearing and oiling device used exclusively on Buffalo Steel Plate Cotton Elevators, which is clearly shown by the detailed engraving on page 188. These fans are particularly adapted for use in connection with cotton separators. Purchasers ordering cotton elevator fans should state in all cases whether a right or left hand machine is wanted. The fans are built right or left hand, with bottom horizontal, top horizontal, down or up discharge. We always send right hand bottom horizontal discharge fans in the absence of other advices. Purchasers should not be led to believe that fans with larger inlets or outlets than Buffalo Exhausters (which are properly proportioned in every respect), are of greater efficiency. Enlarged Met and outlet rings bolted to the shell of an exhauster do not indicate its capacity, as some manufacturers claim. The proportion of some fans in this respect is such as to render their efficiency very low. The height of shell and diameter of blast wheel are the important dimensions, and upon which the capacity of a cotton elevator depends. 205 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower, For Foundry Cupolas, Forge Fires, etc. Two Pulleys, Bottom Horizontal Discharge. 206 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, For Cupola Furnaces, Forge Fires, etc. ON THE opposite page is shown the latest improved form of the Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower. A distinguishing feature of these blowers, common to those of no other manufacture, is the solid case, the peripheral portion of the shell being cast in one solid piece, to which the center plates are accurately fitted, metal to metal. It will thus be seen that the objectionable and slovenly " putty joint " is entirely dispensed with. Ready access to the interior of the blower, without entirely taking it apart, is afforded. With blowers of every other manufacture, the " putty joint " is a feature of the shell or casing, although a construction point which, at the best, is something to be avoided in an efficient machine. The Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers are designed and constructed especially for high pressure duty, such as supplying blast for cupolas, furnaces, forge fires, sand blast machines, and for any work requiring forcing of-air long distances, as in connection with pneumatic tube delivery systems. They are adapted for all uses where a high pressure or strong blast of air is required. The journals are long and heavy, in the standard ratio of length to diameter of six to one, and embody a greater amount of wearing surface than those upon blowers of any other construction. Attention is directed to the cuts and description of the journals and unique oiling devices employed. The bearings are readily adjustable, and any wear can be taken up. Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers possess a minimum number of parts; in fact, the blower is practically one piece, so that under any service the bearings invariably are in perfect alignment, vertically and laterally, with the rest of the machine. In durability, smooth running and economy of power, they are thus rendered far superior to any blower with the so-called universal journal bearing which is commonly employed. A machinist of average ability can easily adjust, repair and keep in order. To obtain the best results from a blower of given size, when used for melting iron in foundry cupolas, much depends upon the proper layout of the blast piping between the blower and the cupola, and also upon the proper proportionment, arrangement and design of the tuyeres. Several forms of cupolas, economical in the use of fuel and fast melting, which are the points most sought, are now upon the market. In the tables which follow, we give the proper sizes of Buffalo Blowers for different diameters of cupolas ; but it must be borne in mind, that if the tuyerage is not of sufficient area, or if the blower has to be located at some distance, these points enter for consideration. Frequently foundrymen when experiencing difficulty in obtaining satisfactory melts, throw the whole cause of the trouble upon the blower, when the fault does not lie at this point. It is safe to say that most failures are due to the mismanagement of cupolas and improper application of blowers. Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers are especially adapted for foundry cupolas, and are guaranteed to produce stronger blast, with the least expense for power, than any others. They have found great favor with owners who have previously employed other construction forms, and in numerous instances of large foundry plants with several cupolas, where used side by side with other blowers, have been found to yield superior results, ofttimes being afterward adopted for the entire equipment. Every purchaser of a Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower will be supplied with a sketch showing proper size of blast pipe and connections to tuyeres. 207 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower, For Foundry Cupolas, Forge Fires, etc. Two Pulleys, Bottom Horizontal Discharge. 208 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Furnished with or without Countershafts. NUMBERS 1 to 6 have but one pulley, Nos. 7 to 12 have two pulleys. All are furnished in the regular discharge, /. e., bottom horizontal, unless otherwise specified in order. An extra ten per cent, is charged for other discharges, though same may be readily supplied. For table of principal dimensions, see page 211. Illustrations of the countershafts employed with these blowers appear on pages 226 and 228, with table of dimensions on page 229. BUFFALO SPECIAL STEEL PRESSURE BLOWER Q n page 2 1 we illustrate a Buffalo Special Steel Pressure Blower having the countershaft affixed to the shell of the blower, the two being cast in one piece. Tight and loose pulleys are provided, with a main driving pulley from which motion is transmitted to the blower itself. These blowers are built in two sizes and can readily be constructed to order in a few larger sizes, if desired. The price for the No. 1 , with affixed countershaft, as illus- trated, is $20.00, and No. 2, $28.00. GUARANTEE. Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers are guaranteed to be built of the best materials, in a thoroughly workmanlike manner, to be of superior design, run with less power, to be more durable and be so proportioned as to give stronger blast, and to be sold at lower prices for the same size or capacity, than those of any other manufacture. Number of Blower > Outside Height, in Diameter Inches of Outlet Diameter Face of Diameter of of Pulley Pulley Bearing Length of Bearing Price without Countershaft Price with Countershaft 1 12* 3* 2}4 \% y* 3^ $ 12.00 $ 20.00 2 15 4 2% 2X # 3^ 18.00 28.00 3 20 4^ 3X 2^ # 5 26.00 38.00 4 24 5> 4 3 1 5^ 36.00 52.00 5 26 5> 4/y" 3 L# 6 44.00 64.00 6 30 6% 4^ 3^ IX 6^ 55.00 80.00 7 35 7X 5 4^ 1^8 7X 70.00 100.00 8 40 8^ 6 4X 1# 7^ 90.00 130.00 9 45 10 751^ 8X 115.00 170.00 10 56 \2tf 8 5^ 1^ 8i| 160.00 230.00 11 66 14^ 6^4- 1^ 9^ 225.00 300.00 n# 76 16X 10 7 2 10 275.00 350.00 12 80 18 10 8 2 11 325.00 400.00 209 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower, Special Design, with Affixed Countershaft. Shell of Blower and Countershaft Intact, Tight and Loose Pulleys. 210 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers^ For Cupolas and Forge Fires. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. No. ^ B C D E G H I J - M SIZE OF PULLEY WEIGHT Diam. Face Not Packed Packed 1 7>s- 6 234: 3-/s 12# 6 8 2^ 12* 3 14^ 2>A l^ 30 45 2 10 7> 4/ 4 15 6X 7X 2ft 15 4 19^ 2X -2X 47 70 3 123/ 10X 43^ 4^ 19^ 7 8/ 2 3^ 20 434- 23 3tf 2% 75 95 4 15 11 ^s 5^ 5^8 22 ^6 9 11 4^ 24 5>^ 25^ 4 3 118 135 5 1534- 123/ 5/ 5^ 26^ \\y 2 13^ 43^ 26 4% 2%y 2 4X 3 165 190 6 1834- 14 7y 2 6X 29 13 15 6 30 5^ 28 4y 2 3^ 210 235 7 2\y 2 14^ 10 ly, 31 13/ 1534- 7 35 634- 38X 5 4X 310 335 8 29y 2 16 \3y 2 8~/s 37 15 18 8>i 40 9X 40 4^ 450 490 9 32 19^ 16 10 42 16 19 9y 2 45 , 9/ 41 7 5 620 660 10 40 21j^ 22 12^ 53/ 17/ 20 10 '4 56 10/ 45 8 534- 920 975 11 46^ 25# 25 14# 61 # 2034" 23>^ 11^ 66 11 5034- 9 6X 1300 1400 11# 53 30 28 16^ 66 23 27 12 76 12V 53 10 7 1700 1800 Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive, have but one pulley, Nos. 7 to 12 have two pulleys. Where so desired, we can make any of these sizes with two pulleys, to order. 211 PQ o ( A y 2 3^ $ 90.00 $120.00 7 5 4/4 100.00 135.00 8 8^3 6 4/4 130.00 175.00 9 10 7 5 170.00 230.00 10 12* 8 5^ 265.00 350.00 1 1 14^8 9 6X 330.CO 435.00 \\ l /2 16*4 10 7 380.00 500.00 12 18 10 8 475.00 625.00 215 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, On Adjustable Bed Combined -with Countershaft. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. WEIGHTS No. B C D F H Blower and Blower, Bed Adjustable and Coun- Bed tershaft 6 7X lOtf 63 31 71 4 24 24 18 9 5 28 325 650 7 8X 12 66 34 74 4 24 24 19^ 10 6 28 410 820 8 10 \3}4 70 39 78 4 24 24 21 12 6 30 550 1041 9 11 15 87 46 93 1 5 30 30 22 14 8 35 680 1594 10 13# 16 94 54 106 5 30 30 24 14 8 38 1040 2193 11 16^ \Q/ 2 106 64 119 8 36 36 28 16 11 43 1565 3140 11^ 18X 21 '119 75 132 8 36 36 3\/ 2 18 14 48 2190 3200 12 \9 l / 2 21 119 75 132 8 36 36 31/2 18 14 49 2700 4600 "A" denotes outside diameter of telescopic outlet. "D" denotes length of bed without countershaft. For dimensions built like cut page 212 send for blue print. 216 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, On Adjustable Beds, with Countershafts and Double Upright Engines. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. 1 No. ' Engine A B C D E F G H J K L M N Weight 6 , 3x4 7X iox 63 31 71 4 24 24 18 5/2 28 35 34 1025 7 3 x 4X 8j^ 12 66 34 74 4 24 35 19^ 5/4 34 39 39 1220 8 3/ 2 x 4X 10 13 '^ 70 39 78 4 24 35 21 5V 2 40 42 45 1640 9 4 x4X 11 15 87 46 93 C 30 35 22 5)4 42 44 50 2294 10 5x7 13^f 16 94 54 106 5 30 46^ 24 7/2 45 59 61 3540 11 5> x 7 16# 18^ 106 64 119 8 40 46^ 28 7/2 50^ 63 74 4780 11^ 6x7 IQ 1 X 21 119 75 132 8 40 46^ 3.1* 7/2 53 66 84 5700 12 6^ x 7 \9 l /2 21 119 75 132 8 40 46^ 31* 7/2 55 67 84 6800 "A" denotes outside diameter of telescopic outlet. " D " denotes length of bed without countershaft. Also built as a left hand apparatus, with engine on opposite side of the blower. 217 ^O CQ D CO D CQ e '5b c LU X bfi O Q T3 C rt d> -*-> c o U OJ OQ O rt r* CO u r- \f, - a fcJD "S C uu o Q 218 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, On Adjustable Beds, with Countershafts and Double Upright Engines. ON THE foregoing pages, we have called attention to the special merits of the Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, in the adjustable bed form and also in the combination with countershaft. The further combination as secured in the introduction of a double upright enclosed engine, affords the very highest economy and convenience. This arrangement gives positive control over the tension of belts, ensures the greatest rigidity, ease in adjustment, perfect alignment, and when it is desirable, an immediate change in the speed of the blower. The latter is a very desirable feature, especially in cupola work, because in hot weather it requires an increased volume of air to melt the same quantity of iron over that of cold weather. It will readily be seen that this arrangement possesses marked advantages over blowers with power by belt transmission, as they may be run whenever desired, and are independent of other sources of power. The various designs of engines built by this house afford customers a selection which will meet the requirements of every condition. The smaller sizes of the double single-acting type, described on pages 32 and 33, make very small complete blower and engine arrangements possible. The single upright engines, Classes " A " and " B," pages 34 and 35, combined on adjustable bed and countershaft, are widely employed for pressures less than eight ounces. For continuous running at high speed the double upright engine enclosed, cylinders above shaft, illustrated on page 2 18, sur- passes all others. Originally these were designed for the exacting service of the U. S. Government revenue cutters. Since the general adoption for that work, the design has been suitably modified for driving the steel pressure and " B " volume blowers, and are here employed with the highest satis- faction under the most adverse conditions. We invite thorough investigation of this combination operating under the most trying circumstances. The presence of dust and dirt in the atmosphere of foundries and forge shops demands the enclosed features of the several engine types above described. Their relative short stroke, high speed and perfectly balanced parts render them unequaled. In ordering, a complete description of the work to be performed should be given, stating the pressure of air required and steam pressure. Accompany such data with a sketch showing the course of the conveying piping. Then purchasers in every case will be furnished with complete detailed drawings of installation for the blower, engine and the blast pipes. TABLE OF SIZES, WEIGHTS AND PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS. No. of Blower Height, in Inches Outside Diameter of Outlet Diameter of Cylinders Stroke Weight of Complete Apparatus 6 30 6X 3 4 1025 7 35 73/s 3 4X 1220 8 40 8% 3% VA 1640 9 45 lOtf 4 4X 2294 10 56 I2# 5 7 3540 11 66 16^ 5/ 2 7 4780 n# 76 18 6 7 5700 12 80 20 6X 7 6800 219 ^O CQ u. 3 C/) w u PH V 4- CO CQ .5P ex D o Q "0 03 O CJ T3 1) oa _OJ 03 _o CQ C 3 O u c 'So c UJ ex ex T3 C Oj 00 C LU O Q Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, For Cupola Furnaces in Iron Foundries. IN THE following table we have given two different speeds and pressures for each size blower, and the quantity of iron which may be melted per hour with each. In all cases, we recommend using the lowest pressure of blast that will do a given work. Run up to the speed given for that pressure, and regulate quantity of air by the blast gate. The proportion of tuyerage should be at least one-ninth of the area of cupola, in square inches, with not less than four tuyeres at equal distances around cupola, so as to equalize the blast throughout. With tuyeres of one-twentieth of area of cupola, it will require double the power to melt the same quantity of iron, and the blast will not be so evenly distributed. Variations in temperature affect the working of cupolas very materially. Hot weather requires an increase in volume of air to melt same quantity of iron as in cold weather. We recommend, where it is practical, the use of an independent or a Buffalo Double Upright Engine to run the blower, as in the combination apparatus illustrated on page 218, for then the speed of engine can be so varied as to meet all changes in conditions and quantity of iron to be melted. For tables showing necessary increase in diameter for different lengths of blast pipes and for equalizing diameter of pipes, see pages in back of catalogue. The table exhibiting horse-power and pressure required to overcome friction of air passing through pipes, and indicating necessary increased speed of blower, also appears there. We will furnish every purchaser of a Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower a complete detailed drawing, showing proper size of blast pipes and other installation details, where we are supplied with a sketch giving data to work from. Accompany such sketches with a complete statement of requirements. TABLE OF SPEEDS AND CAPACITIES AS APPLIED TO CUPOLAS. No. of Blower Square Inches Blast Diameter Inside of Cupola, in Inches Pressure in Ounces Speed- No. of Revs. per Minute Melting Capacity in Lbs. per Hour Cubic Feet of Air Pressure in Required Ounces per Minute Speed- No. of Revs, per Minute Melting Capacity in Lbs. per Hour . Cubic Feet of Air Required per Minute 4 4 20 8 4732 1545 666 9 5030 1647 717 5 6 25 8 4209 2321 773 10 4726 2600 867 6 8 30 8 3660 3093 951 10 4108 3671 1067 7 14 35 8 3244 4218 1486 10 3642 4777 1668 8 18 40 8 2948 5425 2199 10 3310 6082 2469 9 26 45 10 2785 7818 3203 12 3260 8598 3523 10 36 55 10 2195 11295 4938 12 2413 12378 5431 11 45 65 12 1952 16955 7707 14 2116 18357 8358 \\y 2 55 72 12 1647 22607 10276 14 1797 25176 11144 12 75 84 12 1625 25836 11744 14 1775 28019 12736 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Blast Wheel with Shaft and Pulleys. Engraved Direct from Photograph. 222 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Application to Forge Fires. THE proper dimensions of blast pipes are essential if the maximum efficiency of any blower is to be secured. Blast gates should be employed at each forge, for regulating the amount of air delivered, and for entirely closing off the blast when not needed. Where Buffalo Stationary Forges are employed, the purchase of separate blast gates is not necessitated, as a blast gate is attached to and furnished with each machine. All elbows and bends in the main or branch pipes should be made upon easy curves, and the branches should enter the main pipe in the direction of the blower. Piping drawings are furnished, wherever desired, with every Buffalo Steel Pressure Blower sold, provided a detailed sketch of the premises in which the machine is to operate is supplied. For tables showing necessary increase in diameter for different lengths of blast pipes, and for equalizing diameter of pipes, see pages in back of catalogue. The table exhibiting horse-power and pressure required to overcome friction of air passing through pipes, and indicating necessary increased speed of blower, also appears here. Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers are used for a multitude of purposes outside of furnishing blast for cupola furnaces and forge fires. The following table of speeds, pressures and air deliveries may be followed for miscellaneous applications. TABLE OF SPEEDS AND CAPACITIES FOR FORGE FIRES. 4-OUNCE PRESSURE 5-OUNCE PRESSURE 6-OUNCE PRESSURE 7-OUNCE D RESSURE No. of Blower No. of Forges, Ordinary Size Speed No. of Revolutions per Minute 5933 Cubic Feet of Air per Minute Speed No. of Revolutions per Minute Speed No. of Revolu- tions per Minute Cubic Feet of Air per Minute Speed No. of Revolu- tions per Minute Cubic Feet of Air per Minute Cubic Feet of Air per Minute 2 4 4825 336. 5405 369.6 403.2 6422 436.8 3 5 3977 493.5 4456 522.85 4892 592.2 5256 641.55 4 6 3318 560. 3718 616. 4081 672. 4417 728. 5 7 2952 686. 3317 754.6 3630 823.2 3929 891.8 6 9 2556 831.25 2864 914.37 3156 997.5 3170 1074.6 7 13 2275 1252.3 2547 1377.5 2798 1502.7 3028 1627.9 8 18 2067 1559.45 , 2118 1747.2 2543 1897.8 2752 2075.7 9 26 1850 2013.14 2073 2255.6 2276 2476.8 2464 2669.6 10 38 1371 3096.3 1668 3469.3 1686 3808.1 1825 4121.6 11 60 1108 4168. 1240 4670. 1363 5126. 1500 5548. tl# 92 960 5835. 1051 6538. 1160 7176. 1250 7768. 12 98 900 6870. 1000 7705. 1100 8457. 1200 8876. Journal Bearings, Oil Ring Type. Sectional View, Fig. i. End View, Fig. 2. 224 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, For Cupola Furnaces and Forge Fires. BLAST WHEELS. On page 222 we illustrate the form of blast wheel, with its accompanying shaft and pulleys, that is employed for Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers. In the construction of these wheels, the highest degree of mechanical skill and nicety is called into play. They are made of the best composition bronze and homogeneous patented leveled steel, rolled thin, but always to a standard, and especially for us. The process in use at our works for securing an accurate balance has been adopted after years of experiments, and is the only system whereby we have found it is possible to bring the center of gravity in a rapidly rotating body to exactly coincide with its mechani- cal center. Every wheel is tested thoroughly before leaving the works, and made to run smoothly without appreciable vibration, at 25 per cent, higher speed than required in actual use. The making of these wheels involves the greatest care and fineness of anything about the steel pressure blowers. The fact that we have so systematized their construction as to render it unnecessary to employ numerous patch pieces or weights in securing a perfect metalline counterpoise, which is commonly done by other manufacturers, clearly indicates that the entire construction and design of these machines have been brought to a fine point. BUFFALO OIL RING BEARINGS were first used on the steel pressure blowers, which usually run at a very high speed, and proving so eminently suited for this service, they have been adopted with slight variation on all blowers and exhausters of our manufacture. The cuts on page 224 also illustrate the bearing employed for Buffalo " B " Volume Blowers and Exhaust Fans. In Fig. 1 it will be seen that the lower half of the bearing has an oil chamber through which the oil ring passes. It revolves when the shaft is in motion, and conveys the oil from this chamber to the shaft, from which it is distributed by means of chamfered edges the full length of the bearing. The surplus oil then passes to the recesses at the end of the bearing, where it is then returned by means of the channels to the oil chamber. By this method a positive feed is obtained, and the oil supply being regulated by the speed of the shaft, it is impossible for the bearing to heat while there is oil in the chamber. Another feature of this bearing is that a peculiar rattling of the ring occurs when the oil is nearly consumed ; this gives warning before the bearing is actually suffering from lack of oil, for it will run for quite a time after this rattling begins without injury. No oil cups are necessary, as one filling of chamber will do from two weeks to two months, depending upon the speed and number of hours the blower is run each day. OILING AND CLEANING. To fill oil chamber, remove plug " A "; after filling, replace. When good oil is used, ordinarily it will not be necessary to renew oftener than once a month. No other attention is required, as the ring carries the oil to bearing as long as any remains in the chamber. By the bibb cock " B," the oil may readily be removed from the chamber, should it become thick by continuous use or dirt. After this is taken out, the bibb cock should be closed and the chamber filled with a strong solution of sal soda, allowing it to remain for an hour ; then remove plug " C," open up bibb cock and rinse thoroughly with hot water through plug " A." Replace plug " C," close bibb cock and refill the bearing. A cleaning of this nature is seldom required using good oil. 225 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Countershaft with Double Driving Pulleys. Also Furnished with Tight and Loose Pulleys. 226 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Countershafts with Single and Double Driving Pulleys. ON THE opposite page we illustrate the Buffalo Improved Countershafts, which are especially designed for use in connection with Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers. Steel shafts are employed, and accurately turned to a given size. The diameters vary according to the duty of the countershaft, as will be observed, and the pulleys are also properly proportioned for the strain necessitated in driving the various sizes -of Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers. All portions of the countershaft are made of the best material. It will be noticed that the pulley from which the coun- tershaft receives its motion from the main line, is located between the two large pulleys which drive the blower, unless the countershaft is ordered with tight and loose pulleys ; then both are located either on the right or left side of the blower driving pulleys, as there is not sufficient room between for the extra pulley. By arranging the pulleys in this manner, which is also employed for the Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers on adjustable bed with combined countershaft, a minimum amount of space is consumed, and advantage is derived from supplying the power in the most direct manner. The pulleys on these countershafts are as light as is consistent with ample strength, are carefully balanced and the boxes are well babbitted and have the usual attachment of large oil drips. The detailed dimensions of regular countershafts for steel pressure blowers may be secured by reference to the cut and table on page 229. These countershafts are especially adapted for any service, and, being sold at a nominal figure, they are widely used for transmitting power from the main line to various machines other than blowers and exhausters. In ordering or making inquiry as to cost of specially arranged countershafts, always mention the speed of main line of shafting and the largest pulley which can be used thereon. In nearly all cases. it is desirable to get as much speed as possible from the main line shafting, and to use as large a pulley as possible on the countershaft for main belt. Tight and loose pulleys may be furnished on these countershafts at a small additional price, where desired. COUNTERSHAFT PRICE LIST. SIZES AND DIMENSIONS. Number of Steel Pressure Blower Diameter of Pulley Driving Blower Diameter of Pulley Driven by Main Belt from Line Shaft Diameter of Shaft Price with One Driving Pulley Price with Two Driving Pulleys 1 12 4 H $ 8.00 2 14 5 i 10.00 3 16 6 w 12.00 4 18 7 IX 16.00 5 21 8 1# 20.00 6 26 9 \H 25.00 7 30 10 W* 30.00 $ 35.00 8 32 12 2 40.00 45.00 9 36 14 2^ 50.00 60.00 10 40 16 2^ 70.00 80.00 11 42 17 2% 80.00 90.00 lltf 44 18 3 90.00 100.00 12 44 18 3 100.00 110.00 227 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Countershaft with Single Driving Pulley. Also Furnished with Tight and Loose Pulleys. 228 Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Countershafts with Single and Double Driving Pulleys. TirT j- U 1- I lt~3, i j HP f < c ft ; D f b ; TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. No. of Coun- SLA tershaft B C D E - F G H K No. of Steel Pressure Blower 1 7/s \9% 4 3 12 6^ 15)4 ' 4 # 1 2 1 2\y 2 5 3^ 14 2 K 8X 17X 4 1 2 3 1# | 23>i 6 4 16 2, tf 9X 18^ 4 1>^ 3 4 IX 26X 7 4^ 18 3 9X 21^ 4^ 1)4 4 5 1# ; 27^ 8 4^ 21 3 10M" 22)4 5 i 5 6 1# 31 9 5 26 3, ^ 12Js 25X 5>4 2 6 7 !# 39^ 10 5X 30 4 i/ 15# 33X 6 13tf 2X 7 8 2 44 12 6 32 4 54 16X 37X 6)4 I5# 2^ 8 9 2X 48)4 14 6 36 5 18^ 41X 7 16# 2^ 9 10 2)4 52)4 16 8 40 5 ^4 20^ 44^ 7>4 19 3 10 11 2^ 62 17 10 42 6 i/ 23)4 51 9 22^ 3 11 11)4 3 73X 18 12 44 7 23)4 64 9 24X 3X H^ 12 3 76^ 18 12 44 8 23^ 67 9 24^ 3X 12 Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive, have but one pulley ; Nos. 7 to 12 have two pulleys. 229 Buffalo Blast Gates, For Opening, Closing and Regulating Blast in Air Pipes. Lever Pattern, Cast Iron Shell, Slide of Heavy Steel Plate. Slide Pattern, Cast Iron Shell, Slide of Heavy Steel Plate. 230 Buffalo Improved Blast Gates, Slide and Lever Patterns. THESE devices are especially designed for opening, closing and regulating the blast in air con- veying pipes for various duties. They are chiefly used in connection with Buffalo Steel Pressure and " B " Volume Blowers in piping systems for cupolas, forges, furnaces, pneumatic tube systems, emery and other similar exhaust outfits. They are occasionally used for the smaller branches in shaving exhaust equipments and the fan system of heating and ventilating. Ordinary galvanized iron slides, however, are most widely used in the two latter instances. Customers are afforded the choice of two forms of gates, /'. e., the slide and lever types, the former always being sent in the absence of specific instructions. The size indicates outside diameter of the collar of the gate where the pipes slide on. Sizes from two to six inches inclusive, of the slide pattern are made exactly as shown in cut. From eight inches upwards, they are made in two por- tions and bolted together with the slide in between. CUPOLAS. A blast gate should always be located in the main pipe leading to the cupola, in order to regulate the blast. The gate is also a safeguard against gas explosions, which often occur from an accumulation during the temporary stoppage of the blower. The gate should be closed before stopping the blower, and not opened until it is again started. FORGES AND FURNACES. A blast gate should be used at each forge and furnace, not only as a safeguard, but for controlling the amount of blast supplied. Piping in forge exhaust outfits should be of heavy gauges. EXHAUST OUTFITS Whether for removing smoke, for handling shavings, emery dust, or any similar refuse material, a gate should be provided in each branch, so that when not in use it may be closed. In some planing mill exhaust outfits, a fan is selected which has not sufficient capacity to handle the refuse from all the wood-working machinery when running at the same time ; therefore, by closing off the branches not in use, the draft to other pipes increases. Special attention is directed to the fact that the use of these gates, to close such pipes as are not in continual use, ensures great economy in power, for a blower or exhauster consumes much less when it is handling no more air than is actually required to accomplish a given service. PRICE LIST, WITH SIZES. Size Material Price Size Material Price 2 - in 2/2 ' 3 4 5- 6 8 :h Cast iron with steel sli de $1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.25 2:50 3.50 10-in 12 14 16 18 20 24 ch Cast iron with steel slide $ 5.00 " ' 6.50 < I. II It 8.00 " 12.00 " " " " " 16.00 18.00 21.00 231 Buffalo Electric Blowers and Exhausters, " B " Volume Type, with Lundell Motor. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. 232 Buffalo Electric Blowers and Exhausters, "B" and Steel Pressure Types. THE Buffalo Steel Pressure, also " B " Volume Blowers and Exhausters, may be furnished with electric motors connected to the fan shafts. Electric fans are unrivaled in their adaptability to varied classes of work and locations. To start or stop is simply a matter of moving a switch or pushing a button, according to the arrangement. No engines or belts are required, and they are always ready for immediate use. The fans may be set up in any position without affecting the running of the motor. They may be located to discharge or exhaust from any desired direction, which entails the least complication of pipe connections. All types of fans built by this house can be readily fitted and furnished with direct-attached electric motors, though, in the case of large steel plate fans, it is usually more desirable to employ an independent motor conveniently located, and then belt to the fan. All the fans supplied are of standard high grade, but are especially designed to receive the motors. Extended co-operation with the foremost manufacturers of electric motors, in the application and introduction of electric blowers and exhausters, has led to the production of a number of special designs adapted to a wide variety of conditions and uses. The highest efficiency and convenience are afforded by the latest combinations. The electric blowers are capable of continuous use with only ordinary attention. For ventilating work, these fans have found wide favor, and may be employed in a multitude of positions where the introduction of an engine and boiler required to derive the power for driving other varieties of fans would be impossible. All that is needed is a wire connection with a power circuit, and the fan is ready for operation. Electric fans may be driven at a high speed, therefore they are of large capacity. Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers are very frequently furnished with electric motors attached direct to the shaft. It is very often desirable, especially in the larger sizes, to arrange the combina- tion of steel pressure blower and motor substantially as shown on page 218, substituting the motor for the engine. By properly proportioning the pulleys on countershafts, any pressure required for ordinary duty can be given while the motor is making its regular speed. For blowing church organs, the Buffalo Electric Fans combine convenience and efficiency in the highest degree. The unreliability of water motors, due not only to the variations of water pressure, but to their tendency to be continually out of order, is entirely done away with. It is not frequent that steam power is available in a church, and even in this event, electric organ blowers are so far in advance of this manner of propulsion as to afford no room for comparison. The operation of the machine is under positive and most complete control of the organist. In making inquiries or asking for prices, a complete description of the desired work to be accomplished should be furnished. If an electric steel pressure blower is wanted for cupolas or forge fires, the diameter and name of maker of the former should be given, together with the distance the blower will set from the cupola, and if for the latter, the number of fires should be mentioned, as well as the relative position of the blower thereto. Send a drawing to scale of the entire layout. The voltage of the current under which the machine is to operate, invariably should be mentioned. In ordering organ blowers, state the number of manuals, name of maker of organ, size of bellows and number of stops. 233 Buffalo Electric Blowers and Exhausters, "B" Volume Type, with General Electric Co. Motor. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge, Motor Side. 234 Buffalo Electric Blowers and Exhausters, "B" Volume Type, with General Electric Co. Motor. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge, Inlet Side. 235 Buffalo "B" Volume Blower, For Boilers, Heating Furnaces, Forges, etc. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. 236 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers, For Boilers, Heating Furnaces, Forges, etc. THIS type is especially adapted for work requiring large volumes of air at moderate pressures. For blowing forge fires, puddling furnaces, heating furnaces and supplying draft to steam boilers they are universally employed. In the Southern sugar industries, their use in conjunction with bagasse furnaces is indispensable. Large quantities are supplied each season to meet the increased demand for blowers for this service. For forced draft under stationary boilers, singly or in batteries, these fans were originally applied and have steadily grown in favor. They are as well suited for burning one variety of fuel as another, though the size for a given amount of grate surface depends somewhat upon the nature of the fuel being consumed, which should always be referred to in ordering. The Buffalo " B " Blowers are regularly employed with the various patented grates and stokers now on the market requiring forced draft. For power plants where large batteries of boilers are employed, requiring a blower of greater capacity than secured in the largest Buffalo " B " Volume type, and where it is not desirable to apply two or more machines of sufficient combined capacity, we build a line of the special steel plate fans of sufficient single capacity. Buffalo " B " Volume Blowers have been introduced into gas works with pre-eminent success. Attention is called to the patented journal bearings employed upon these blowers, which are illustrated by the engraving on page 224. In the cut of Buffalo " B " Volume Blower, on the opposite page, the improved form of bearing is shown. Up blast, or special discharge blowers, as illustrated on page 244, cost 10 per cent, in advance of regular, as extra material and time are consumed in their manu- facture. No special discharge blowers exchanged. For table of detailed dimensions, see page 239. Countershafts for " B " blowers and exhausters are shown and priced on pages 254 and 255. GUARANTEE. Buffalo " B " Volume or Fan Blowers are guaranteed to be built of the best material and workmanship, in a thoroughly workmanlike manner, to run with minimum power, to be more durable, to be so proportioned as to give the greatest amount of blast and air obtainable in a given size, and to be sold at lower prices for the same size and capacity, than those of any other manufacture. PRICE LIST, SIZES AND DIMENSIONS "B" BLOWERS. No. of Blower Height, in Inches Outside Diameter of Outlet PULLEYS Price Diameter Face OOOB 14# 4^ 2^ 2% $ 15.00 1 B 15* 5 3 2/2 20.00 2 B 20^ 6 3# 2^ 25.00 3 B 25 7^ 4 3X 33.00 4 B 29 9 5 4 44.00 5 B 32 io# 5^ 4^ 55.00 6 B 37^ 12 6^ 5/ 2 70.00 7 B 43 14 7J^ (> l / 2 90.CO 8 B 48 16* 8^ 7* 150.00 9 B 55 18 9^ Q l /2 200.00 10 B 68 21 12 10 250.00 11 B 79 24 14 12 350.00 237 Buffalo "B" Volume Blower, With Overhung Pulleys. With or without Adjustable Bed and Countershaft. Cut Shows the Construction Form of No. 11 Size Only. 238 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers, For Boilers, Heating Furnaces, Forges, etc. TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. No. A B C D E G H I J L M N SIZE OF PULLEY WEIGHT Diameter Face Not Packed Packed 000 9^ 7/8 4^ 4/2 15 5 7X 3X 14/2 7 3/2 11 2% 2X 44 75 1 \0/ & 8>4 3^ 5 17/8 5/2 7/ 2 \ 3% 15% 9 4 12 3 2/2 66 95 2 12% iox 4# 6 19X 7 8/2 3~/s 20% 11 5 13 3% 2% 75 115 3 16 12# 6^ 7X 2*5/ 9>^ 12 5/2 25 11% 5% \5/2 4 3X 165 250 4 20^ 13X 9% Q 27X \2% 15X 6 29 12% 7/2 16# 5 4 210 275 5 20^ 16X 7% \\0/2 \3l/ 2 16X 18 6% 32 14 7y 2 \%/2 5% 4/2 275 335 6 27X 18% 11^ 12 38 15 17 7 37X 15# OT^ \9/2 6/2 5/2 357 420 7 30 20% 12% 14 42 16 18 9 43 13 /^- 23%\ 7/2 6/2 515 585 8 34^ 23^ 13X 16^ 47 18 20 9/2 48 13% 12/ 2 26/2 8/2 7/2 640 720 9 43X 28 18# 18 55^ 20/2 23 nx 55 \5% 14^ 29/2 9/2 8/2 1035 1100 10 44j^ 31 19# 21 65^ 21 24 13X 68 19 \8/ 2 33X 12 10 1500 1620 11 54/2 36 24 24 73 25 28 17 79 19X 23 43# 14 12 2500 2575 The above represents a blower with pulley on the right hand side, as usually made. We can furnish these blowers left hand to order, on short notice, and the regular machines from stock. 239 Buffalo "B 1 Volume Blower, For Boilers, Heating Furnaces, Forges, etc. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge Blower, on Adjustable Bed. 240 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers, Adjustable Bed with and without Countershaft and Engine Arrangements. ADJUSTABLE BED. The engraving opposite illustrates the usual arrangement of "B" volume blowers on adjustable bed. The telescopic outlet and tightening screw make it possible to bring any required tension upon the belt while the blower is running. The blowers may be furnished either right or left hand. Other discharge than bottom horizontal involves special construction. The piping for such blowers must be provided with an adjustable connection between the blower and the main pipe. ADJUSTABLE BED AND COUNTERSHAFT COMBINED. This arrangement is even more con- venient and desirable than the one previously described, as the countershaft is placed upon the same "T" iron frame bed. The belt between the blower and the counter then tracks evenly and runs smoothly at all times. This type affords a great saving in belts, and prevents striking against the sides of blow- er. To loosen the holding-down bolts, give the nut on the end of the adjusting screw a few turns, requires but a moment's time, accomplishes the same result as relacing the belts, and is far bet- ter. The telescopic mouth-piece permits the blower to be moved upon the bed without disarrange- ment of the blast piping. The blower may be furnished in this manner either right or left hand. ADJUSTABLE BED. COUNTERSHAFT AND ENGINE COMBINED. In this the complete plant is obtained. No illustration or table of dimensions is given. The wide variety of uses for which the Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers are employed necessitates different engine types. The double up- right enclosed automatic engine running in oil is by all odds the best for high pressures and speeds. The working parts are entirely enclosed against dust and grit. Under sustained high speeds these outfits invariably give the highest satisfaction. The double single-acting engines are used for mod- erately high pressures. These engines are also enclosed and run in oil. For moderate velocities and light work the single upright engine is employed. Either the Class "A" form, running in oil, or the Class "B," not running in oil, but with the usual sight-feed oil cup trimmings, may be supplied. In all the above cases throttling or automatic governors may be furnished, as preferred. Ordinarily the automatic governor is used. Full details of these engine constructions may be found in our sectional engine catalogue. Blue prints of any desired arrangement forwarded on application. PRICE LIST OF BUFFALO "B" BLOWERS, ON ADJUSTABLE BEDS, WITH AND WITHOUT COUNTERSHAFTS. p No. of Blower Outside Diameter of Outlet, in Inches ruLLEYS Price with Bed, but without Countershaft Price with Bed and with Countershaft Diameter, in Inches Face, in Inches 5 B 10# $X 4/2 $100.00 $135.00 6 B 12 6/^ 130.00 175.00 7 B 14 7^ 6/2 170.00 230.00 8 B \6'/2 8/2 265.00 350.00 9 B 18 9/4 8/2 380.00 500.00 10 B 21 12 10 475.00 625.00 11 B 24 14 12 550.00 700.00 241 Buffalo "B' Volume Blowers, Application to Steam Boilers. Overhead Main Blast Pipe, with Branches to Each Boiler. THE Buffalo "B" Blowers are regularly used with all leading patented grates and stokers requiring forced draft. The above engraving illustrates a common (and ofttimes the most convenient) manner of applying Buffalo " B " Volume Blowers for blowing steam boiler fires. The main blast pipe leading from the blower is carried above the boiler, and a separate connection to each is made substantially as shown, with a blast gate in each branch to regulate the supply of air. The air is best introduced under the grates through the bridge wall, with Buffalo Cast Iron Regulating Dampers, or into the ash pit with properly arranged doors. Another arrangement often employed, is to locate the blast pipe or duct underground, in front of the boilers, with a connection to each boiler and a Buffalo Cast Iron Regulating Damper. Vitrified drain pipes, with the joints smoothly cemented up so as to make them air tight, are the most durable, and, undoubtedly, the best material which can be selected for underground use. In some arrange- ments for forced draft duty, special ash pit dampers are employed, but in all instances, the object is to properly distribute the air, and prevent its escape in large volume and at a great velocity upon any particular portions of the grates. The use of the blast gate gives perfect control of the amount of air supplied for each boiler, and it should invariably be employed in each branch connection. In many locations, very high chimneys or stacks heretofore have been necessary to ensure sufficient draft, and by the use of a blower their height is materially reduced. Existing boilers now in operation having weak draft, may have the combustion readily brought up to the highest standard. The blowers are adapted for burning all kinds of fuel. Reference to the tables will show the speeds and power required for given areas of grate surface, upon which primarily depends the size of blower. 242 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers, Application to Boiler Fires, Furnaces, etc. THE following table, used in conjunction with the one on page 249, giving the amount of air delivered by Buffalo " B " Volume Blowers at given pressures and speeds, will enable purchasers to intelligently select the size suitable for their requirements for blowing boiler fires. The sizes of pipes herewith given are based upon a velocity therein corresponding to pressures of one and one and three-quarter ounces per square inch. No allowance has been made for friction of air in pipes, hence they should be increased in size in proportion to their lengths. Reference to the table of " Friction of Air in Pipes" (see back of catalogue), will at once show the sizes of pipe which should be selected for any situation. The sizes of blast pipe required, given in table, are for one furnace only ; where two or more boilers are connected and supplied with blast by one blower, the size of main pipe required may be obtained by a further reference to the table on equalizing the diameters of pipes. The amount of air, and the pressure which should be supplied for each square foot of grate surface in steam boilers, are somewhat dependent upon the nature of the fuel being consumed; 150 cubic feet of air per minute will suffice for average requirements. Blast gates should be invariably employed in conjunction with blowers when serving either for blowing boiler fires, furnaces, or other similar uses. Where a number of boilers are being supplied with draft from one blower, gates should be placed in the branch pipes which lead from the main to each boiler, so that the air delivered may be under positive control, and may also be entirely closed off when desired. With every order for a blower, we furnish a diagram of the proper pipe connec- tions, if requested and supplied with the necessary data to prepare same. Table of capacities and speeds for forge fires will be found on page 249. BOILER GRATE SURFACE, AMOUNTS OF AIR AND SIZES OF PIPES REQUIRED. Number Square Feet of Grate Surface Cubic Feet of Air to be Supplied per Minute i_/i/\m c, i c,i\ t*t*na i i ire, ixei^u maw ^-ounce K-ounce 1 -ounce 1 K-ounce 2 250 3/2 3^ 3 2 ^ 4 500 5 4% 4^ 4 6 750 t>}4 5% 5X 4^ 8 1000 iy% 6^ 6 5% 10 1250 8 7^ 6% 6% 12 1500 8% 7>6 7^2 7 14 1750 9^ 8^ 8 7/2 16 2000 10^ 9^ 8/2 8 18 2250 lO^f 9^ 9 8 l /2 20 2500 n^l 10^4 9/4 8% 22 2750 11^ 10^ 10 9% 24 3000 12^ 11>^ 10X 9^ 26 3250 12% \\/ 2 io# 10 28 3500 13^ 12 n X io/^ 30 3750 13^ 12^ "^ io^r 243 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers and Exhausters, See Pages 236 and 246 for Improved Form of Journals. Buffalo "B" Volume Blower, Right Hand Up Blast. Fig. i. Buffalo "B" Volume Exhauster, Right Hand Up Blast. Fig. 2. 244 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers and Exhausters, Special Machines, Applications, etc. THESE machines are built with special reference to durability and smooth running under prolonged and arduous service. The journals are long and heavy, and those of the exhausters are supported by the arm with planed surfaces, accurately fitted to the body of the fan. It is impossible for the bearing to be otherwise than in perfect alignment with the body of the exhauster. The Buffalo " B " Exhausters are built to withstand the action of acid fumes, and the wear of grit and sand, to which they are frequently subjected in various lines of manufacture. Both bearings are on one side, leaving the inlet unobstructed. Like the Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, " B " Volume Blowers and Exhausters are built with a solid shell to which the center plates are fitted, and have a smaller number of parts than any others made an important point everywhere recognized in all high speed machinery. SPECIAL DISCHARGE BLOWERS AND EXHAUSTERS. On the opposite page, we illustrate two up-blast discharge fans. Fig. 1 shows a right hand blower. They are also furnished in top and bottom horizontal and down discharge, and in right or left hand in any of these styles. This adapts them for all positions and kinds of work. In Fig. 2 we illustrate a Buffalo " B " Volume Exhauster with pulley on the right hand, and also of up-blast discharge. This form is usually the most desirable when a " B " volume exhauster is employed to remove the smoke and gases from forge fires, as the fumes are usually delivered to a stack, or discharged directly upward into the atmosphere outside of the factory. Buffalo " B" Volume Exhausters are especially adapted for ventilating small apartments of mines and underground passages ; for removing the smoke and gas generated in blacksmith shops, chemical works, etc. They are built, when so ordered, with copper or bronze blast wheels, and with the shells coated inside and outside with asphaltum, to withstand the destructive results of acid fumes found in chemical works, sugar refineries, etc., dyeing rooms and varnish factories. For removing the dust from emery and other polishing wheels, buffing machines, sand wheels and similar work, Buffalo" B "Volume Exhausters stand unrivaled in efficiency. In making connec- tions to hoods, care should be taken that there are no low places in the pipes where the heavy dust can lodge, and the velocity of air passing into the pipes must be great enough to take all the dust in that direction. Provide separate fans for emery and buffing wheels. In many lines of manufacture, it is frequently difficult to find floor space wherein a blower or exhauster may be placed. In such examples, ofttimes the fan may be located overhead or near the ceiling. For all such conditions, special fans are built by this house, which at once adapts them to existing conditions. It is not desirable to drive a blower or exhauster by a crossed belt, as it runs from a large to a small pulley. When the main line runs in a direction to involve a crossed belt with a certain discharge, by simply changing the discharge of the tan, an open belt may then be used. In one instance, a bottom horizontal discharge fan would become a top horizontal discharge, and the reverse in the other case. The same occurrence takes place where an up or down discharge blower or exhauster is employed, by simply changing the hand of the fan. 245 Buffalo "B" Volume Exhauster, With Overhung Wheel. Right Hand Bottom Horizontal Discharge. 246 Buffalo "B' Volume Exhausters, With Overhung Wheels. THE engraving on the opposite page illustrates the Buffalo " B " Volume Exhaust Fans as now built. For detailed description and illustration of bearings, see pages 224 and 225, where reference is made to Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers. This journal is the latest develop- ment in blower and exhaust fan bearings, and far excels anything yet produced. 'Buffalo " B " Volume Exhaust Fans, for removing particles from emery wheels, are universally employed. On page 250 will be found a practical illustration of the manner in which connection is made to a row of polishing spindles. A half-tone cut also appears, showing an adjustable hood for various types of emery and other wheels. These hoods must be varied in form for special wheels. The hood must afford adjustment in size as the wheel wears away, so that it will be equally efficient at all times and catch all the dust. The fine leather dust produced by shoe buffing machines is readily removed by these exhaust- ers, and in many instances a small fan is provided at each machine. In nearly all piping systems, where the " B " Volume Exhausters are employed, much heavier gauges are required than with types of exhausters which are used for other work, for the reason that the material handled is of heavier nature, and would rapidly wear out thin pipes. In. the example of forge smoke exhaust equipments, galvanized iron should be invariably employed, and of heavy gauge, to resist the action of the fumes. Exhausters for buffing wheels require special wheels ; when to be used for this service always mention it in the order. Buffalo " B " Exhausters made up blast, as illustrated on page 244, cost 10 percent, in advance of regular, as extra material and time are consumed in their manufacture. No special discharge blowers exchanged. GUARANTEE. Buffalo " B " Volume Exhausters are guaranteed to be built of the best material and workmanship, in a thoroughly workmanlike manner, to run with minimum power, to be more durable, to be so proportioned as to give the greatest suction and expulsive force, and to be sold at lower prices for the same size and capacity, than those of any other manufacture. PRICE LIST, SIZES AND DIMENSIONS " B " EXHAUSTERS. No. of Exhauster Height, in Inches Diameter of Outlet Diameter of Inlet Diameter of Pulley Face of Pulley Price OOOB 14^ 4^ 4^ 2*4 2)4 $ 15.00 1 B 15^ 5 5 3 2/2 20.00 2 B 20)4 6 6 3)4 2% 25.00 3 B 25 7/4 7/2 4 3% 33.00 4 B 29 9 9 5 4 44.00 5 B 32 10> 10/2 5% 4)4 55.00 6 B 37)4 12 12 6/4 5)4 70.00 7 B 43 14 14 7/2 6/2 90.00 8 B 48 16)4 16 8/2 7/2 150.00 9 B 55 18 18 9/2 8/2 200.00 10 B 68 21 21 12 10 250.00 247 Buffalo "B" Volume Exhausters, With Overhung Wheels. o J I -M 5* --N > F^ k H --# TABLE OF PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. Size A B C D E G H I J L M N WEIGHTS Not Packed Packed 000 9% 7/8 4^ 4X 15 5 7# 3X I4# 3 5ft MX 4y 2 60 90 1 io# 8^ 3/ 2 5 17/g S'A 7^ 3^ 15^ 3^ 7X 12 5 75 120 2 12# lOtf 4% 6 19# 7 8X 3)4 20X 5^ 9 14^ 6 90 130 3 15X H# (>/* 7# 25X \\Yz 13X 47/ s 25 5X ii'X 17X 7/2 170 260 4 20^ 13X 10 9 27X 13X 15 6X 29 6 iiX 19 9 232 280 5 2o/ 2 16X 7^ 10# 31^ 16X 18 6^ 32 6^ 13# 25 |0# 280 345 6 27/ 2 W 11^ 12 39 15 17 7 37^ 7^ 15 25 12 390 455 7 30 20^ 12,V 14 42 16 18 9 43 8^ 16 28 14 560 640 8 34^ 23^ 13X 16^ 47 18 20 9X 48 9^ 18^ 29^ 16^ 740 825 9 43X 28 18^ 18 55X 20^ 23 11X 55 12^ 20 33 18 1350 1425 10 44/ 2 31 19% 21 65^ 21 24 13X 68 14^ 22 36 21 1850 1980 The above cut illustrates the exhauster with pulley on the right hand side, as usually made ; we can furnish left hand, if desired, but this point must be mentioned in order. 248 Buffalo "B" Volume Blowers and Exhausters, Speeds for Various Pressures. IN APPLYING a blower to supply blast to a plant of stationary forges, the piping course always should be as direct as possible. It should be borne in mind that in the table which follows, the speed necessary to supply a certain number of forges with blast, at a given pressure, is not estimated for great lengths of pipe. Reference to the table "Friction of Air in Pipes" for the extra power required to force a given amount of air through different lengths, will also indicate what extra speed must be provided for upon a blower operating under such conditions. The Buffalo " B " Exhausters are especially adapted for removing the refuse from emery wheels, buffing wheels, etc. It is usually necessary to run the exhausters to a speed sufficient to produce 4 to 5-oz. pressure for average work. The table below gives the requisite speeds for all pressures under which the " B " blowers and exhausters are ordinarily used. TABLE OF SPEEDS AND CAPACITIES OF "B" VOLUME BLOWERS AND EXHAUSTERS. No. of Blower No. of Forges Ordi- nary Size 2-ouNCE PRESSURE 4-ouNCE PRESSURE 5-ouNCE PRESSURE 6-ouNCE PRESSURE J-OUNCE PRESSURE Speed No. of Revolu- tions Cubic Feet of Air per Minute Speed No. of Revolu- tions Cubic Feet of Air per Minute Speed No. of Revolu- tions Cubic Feet of Air per Minute Speed No. of Revolu- tions Cubic Feet S P e ^ of Air per -g*><* Minute lutlons Cubic Feet of Air per Minute OOOB 3 3397 513 4824 729 5405 817 5934 897 6442 961 1 B 4 3166 605 4447 864 4983 962 5470 1059 5930 1159 2B 7 2935 697 4070 990 4561 1108 5007 1217 5419 1318 3B 10 1983 1100 2794 1563 3130 1751 3436 1922 3719 2080 4B 15 1706 1614 2429 2292 2721 2569 2987 2819 3233 3055 5B 24 1529 2206 2180 3126 2444 3503 2681 3844 2902 4161 6B 30 1383 2896 1966 4116 ' 2202 4612 2417 5062 .2618 5371 7B 42 1183 3925 1694 5575 1898 6247 2084 6856 2255 7412 8B 60 1014 5466 1447 7763 1621 8698 1780 9548 1927 10335 9B 90 897 6530 1255 9274 1406 9891 1544 11406 1671 12346 10 B 150 706 8878 995 12608 1114 14127 1224 15507 1325 16785 11 B 230 597 11594 830 16463 930 18448 1021 20249 1 105 21918 249 Buffalo "B" Volume Exhausters, For Polishing, Emery and Buffing Wheels. Sketch Showing Principle of Application. A Desirable Form of Adjustable Hood. 250 Buffalo " B ' Volume Exhausters, Various Applications. EMERY. POLISHING AND BUFFING WHEELS The half-tone illustration on the opposite page shows a Buffalo " B " Exhauster connected to a series or row of emery wheels. The discharge from the exhauster leads directly downward into a vat of water, where the accumulation may be removed as often as necessary. It is thus prevented from being distributed, by action of the exhauster, over finished work, or in other objectionable places. Improved forms of dust separators are also frequently used in connection with the " B " exhausters for this class of work. The refuse from all types of polishing spindles, emery and buffing wheels may be removed by the proper applications. The action of the various state legislatures in enforcing laws upon this point is commendable. In many cases the ventilation incident to the removal of this material is all that is afforded in closely located factories in cities. While much less than the standard requirements, its benefits are not amiss. In ordering fans for this class of work, invariably state the number of wheels, also the number of stands. Mention the purpose for which the wheels are used, their largest diameter and width. Buffing wheels require a fan with special wheel, to avoid clogging. Invariably refer to this in ordering. To avoid danger from fire, the same fan should not be used for handling the refuse both from emery and buffing wheels ; provide a separate fan in each case. The illustration of adjustable hood on opposite page shows a very convenient form, and one that is widely used. The grinding or polishing is not done on the same portion of the wheel in all industries, which makes it necessary that special hoods be constructed in each individual case, and so connected that the suction from the exhauster may readily take up the refuse particles. The adjust- ment afforded by the hood illustrated on the opposite page is such that as the wheel wears away the hood may be accordingly diminished in size. It is also adjustable to a certain extent for work being done on different parts of the wheel. While patented by this house, detailed drawings will be furnished customers ordering exhausters from us, with permit to build the hoods. It is not desirable to build and ship with exhausters, being far preferable to construct and fit all hoods upon the ground. SMOKE, ACID FUMES. ETC The Buffalo " B " Volume Exhausters are used in a multitude of industries of widely different character, with uniformly good results, the only requisite being intelli- gent application and operation. For all special work, clearly describe requirements under the exist- ing conditions in detail, forwarding, if possible, a drawing embodying these, with the desired location of exhauster and point of discharge clearly indicated. For a small number of the old style forge fires without the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Hoods, these exhausters are very desirable. They require little space, may be driven at a high speed if necessary, and need little attention. For a large number of such fires, steel plate planing mill exhaust fans are preferable. Used for removing acid and chemical fumes, etc., these exhaust fans are built to order with wheels of special metal, impervious to the action of the gases handled, and the shells are often lined with the same material. For locations where space is limited, these exhausters may be built to bolt to ceiling and furnished with special outlet connections ; an extra charge is made for such construction. 251 Buffalo Gas Blowers and Exhausters, Special High Pressure Type. Gas Exhauster for Illuminating or Fuel Gas. 252 Buffalo Gas Blowers and Exhausters, Special Designs and Applications. FOR a period of years, there has been a constant and growing demand for gas generator blowers, as a result of the successful original installations made by this house. Like a multitude of other uses to which Buffalo Blowers and Exhausters have been applied with gratifying results, the solving of the problems in gas industries has involved special designs and applications. The appearance of the Buffalo Gas Blowers outwardly is almost identical to the ordinary types, /. e., steel pressure and " B " volume blowers. Close comparison, however, reveals the existence of special construction and design, affording results impossible to accomplish by the regular fans. It has long been demonstrated that the Buffalo Fan Blowers embody features which make them far superior to those known as the positive blast type, and their general adoption in nearly all modern gas plants is practical evidence of their utility. To a certain extent, the fan blower is automatic in action, the discharge from the periphery of the wheel being variable in pressure and volume to meet increased or decreased requirements. The power used is thus lessened as the work of the fan is reduced. In a positive blast blower, the maximum power is continuous without reference to the requirements. This and the incident high speed cause considerable waste. The power re- quired by fan blowers is far less per cubic foot of air delivery than using blowers of positive blast type. The superiority of the Buffalo Special Blowers for gas plants is at once noticeable in the design. The putty joints in the shells, common to all other makes, are eliminated, the case or shell of Buffalo blowers being cast entirely in one piece. Where these fans are used as gas exhausters, the opportunity for an escape of gases is thereby lessened beyond those of any other manufacture. The necessary side plates are then effectively packed with material unaffected by gas. The journals on both gas blowers and exhausters are of the same type as used on the steel pressure blowers, but are of extra length with enlarged oil chambers. The utmost care is exercised in the selection of material as well as in the workmanship. To cope successfully with the strains of heavy work at sustained high speeds, the blowers are built extra heavy throughout. Special size pulleys are pro- vided to transmit the greater power required to drive the fans under these conditions. Buffalo Gas Blowers and Exhausters may be provided with or without adjustable bed, and single or double upright enclosed or horizontal engines, after the various forms illustrated herewith. A complete, compact and convenient plant consists of a blower and engine of sufficient capacity all upon the same bed. All engines for this service are of our own construction, and identical to those employed for the refined work of running dynamos, etc. A great advance in modern gas works is marked by the introduction of Buffalo Gas Exhaust- ers for the sustaining of specific pressures at distant points. They are of equal value for the trans- ference of gas from holders or purifiers to street mains, from generators or purifiers to holders, etc., maintaining a uniform steadiness of light. They are widely used for the passage of gas over long distances through properly arranged pipes. On the opposite page is shown a high pressure gas exhauster. In design this is quite similar to the regular steel pressure blowers. Low pressure gas exhausters are in appearance closely patterned after the " B " volume exhaust fans. 253 Buffalo " B " Volume Blowers and Exhausters, Improved Countershafts. Also Furnished with Tight and Loose Pulleys. 254 Buffalo " B ' Volume Blowers and Exhausters, Improved Countershafts. j PRICE LIST AND TABLE OF DIMENSIONS IN INCHES. 1 No. of Counter- S L A B C D E F G K- "B"Blow- K eror Ex- Price hauster 000 1 20 5 4 14 2* 8/2 15 3/ 2 000 $10.00 1 \% 22^ 6 4 16 2/4 9/ 18# 4 /s 1 12.00 2 iX 25^ 7 4^ 18 2=4 9X 21^ 4/2 /2 2 14.00 3 1/8 28 8 4% 21 3/ I0# 22^ 5 3 A 3 18.00 4 Ift 31 Q 5 26 4 13# 25^ 5/2 ; > 4 24.00 5 \X 34X 10 5^ 30 4/2 15/8 28 6 ; ?X 5 30.00 6 2 37^ 12 6 32 5/2 16X 31 6^ . ; !/ 6 40.00 7 40/ 14 6 36 6/2 18^ 33 7 ; W 7 50.00 8 2# 46^ 16 8 40 7/2 20/2 39 7^ : ! 8 65.00 9 2^ 51 18 8 42 8/2 23/2 40 9 : 9 80.00 10 3 56 20 9 44 10 23/2 45 9 : X 10 85.00 11 3 6, 22 10 48 12 23/ 2 50 9 c X 11 90.00 NOTE. Tight and loose pulleys may be furnished, where so ordered, at small additional cost. 255 CO -4 c CD .& cr U ex o CO J^ -( > 's CO u s O OQ o uu rt LI "7 c o Q CO a. o OJ SJ3 O uu 256 Buffalo Blacksmith Shop Equipments, Stationary Forges, Patented Down-draft Hoods, Blowers, Exhausters, etc. SMITH-SHOP equipments in industrial plants and technical schools have been revolutionized within the past few years, by the patented improvements introduced by this house. A cumbersome overhead piping system of smoke removing, to obstruct the view, is no longer a feature of modern outfits. Designed and constructed with the utmost care, such are at their best inefficient, as they afford too great opportunity for escape of fumes into the shop without being caught by the action of the fan. Forge smoke and gases are now removed immediately upon being generated at the fire, and are carried through underground pipes, leaving the view of shop entirely unobstructed, and the atmosphere perfectly free. This system is installed in two ways; first, with separate fans, /. e. , a blower for furnishing the blast and an exhauster for removing the smoke ; second, with a Buffalo Com- bined Blower and Exhauster, which performs both duties. In the latter machine, a portion of the air is forced through the blast piping for supplying the blast to the fires, the balance being discharged into the smoke flue. Photographs will be furnished on application. The cast iron adjustable down-draft hoods may be moved close to the fire or drawn back, according to conditions and work being performed. They are adapted to all sizes of forges. Whether the application be in industrial establishments, with the largest fires and heaviest work, or in technical schools, the results are uniformly of the highest efficiency. In forge shops where it has previously been impossible to keep the rooms sufficiently clear for economical working conditions, this system has rendered the atmosphere as pure as that of the best modern machine shop. The Buffalo Patented Down-draft Exhaust System is fully covered by Letters Patent No. 52,945. All infringing manufacturers or users are hereby cautioned against employing any form of down-draft smoke removing apparatus. This system is equally suited to hard coal, coke and all furnace fires. The same general plan of removing foul odors, vapors, chemical acid fumes, ventilating hotel kitchens, etc., is equally efficient for all situations. All the leading American training schools and colleges, and many foreign ones as well, are equipped with Buffalo Forges, Blowers, Automatic Engines for Electric Lighting and Power, Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Punch, Shear and Bar Cutters, Drills, and other blacksmith tools. As the purpose of these institutions is to teach the most approved methods of shop practice and equipment of industrial plants, it is, therefore, but natural that the latest developments of all machinery be employed. Upon application, we shall be pleased to supply those interested in technical schools, a complete list of all those outfitted with Buffalo machinery. This includes all institutions of prominence. The faculty of manual training schools may feel free to apply at any time for exhibi- tion drawings of Buffalo Blacksmith Outfits, and Fan Heating, Ventilating and Drying plants. They are often of great value to students. Being taken from actual installations, the worth of these drawings is at once appreciated. The half-tone illustrations appearing herewith are not selected as showing the most complete plants. Often the arrangement of shops, light, etc., precludes the possibility of taking a satisfactory photograph of the larger and better arranged outfits. 257 Buffalo Blacksmith Shop Equipments, Patented Down-draft Forges, Blower, Exhauster, etc. The Forge Shop of Manual Training High School, Denver, Colo. Miller Manual Labor School, Crozet, Va. 258 Buffalo Blacksmith Shop Equipments, Patented Down-draft Forges, Blower, Exhauster, etc. Forge Shop of University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. View of Exhauster and Patented Down-draft Forges. 259 Buffalo Blacksmith Shop Equipments, In Manual Training Schools. The Forge Shop of Teachers' College, New York City. 260 Buffalo Blacksmith Shop Equipments, In Manual Training Schools. Fayetteville Forge Shop, Arkansas Industrial University. Pine Bluff Forge Shop, Arkansas Industrial University. 261 Buffalo Blacksmith Shop Equipments, In Manual Training Schools. Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena, Cal. 262 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forges, For Blacksmith Shops Provided with Fan Blast. THE majority of the stationary blast forges illustrated on the following pages were primarily designed for industrial works. The capacities and forms are suited to a wide variety of require- ments. A few other styles than those here described are built for unusual service. It will be noticed that most of the half-tone cuts on the preceding pages are of technical schools instead of manufacturing smith shops. It need not be said, however, that industrial establish- ments are the larger users. The forges usually being scattered, it is often impossible to obtain satisfactory illustrations. For this reason more industrial shops are not shown. The term " Stationary Blast Forge " is not used because the forges are immovable like the old-fashioned brick type, for they are easily portable. It arises from the use of an independent blower for supplying the blast, which is stationary, hence the term. In fitting up a forge shop for general work, the buyer who seeks a well arranged and efficient plant will include a variety of stationary forges, locating those of the largest capacity where the heaviest work is performed, likewise suitably placing those intended for light work. All Buffalo Stationary Blast Forges, though light in appearance, are very strong. Used instead of the brick forge of antiquity, the first cost is reduced to a minimum, and here the expense practically ends, for in the matter of durability they are unequaled. Repairs are seldom, if ever, required, and as to efficiency there is no room for comparison. The various types of stationary forges, which have been for years the world's standard, are catalogued herewith. Most of these are now equipped with the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hoods, and a number of entirely new designs have been added. Excepting where it is desired to increase an existing plant without remodeling it, we invariably advise the employment of the forges designed for the down-draft smoke exhaust system. With these modern equipments, the atmosphere of the smith shop is as pure and agreeable to work in as that of the best machine shop. The heat in summer is also reduced, and the gases and smoke are removed at the fire at once upon being generated. It is thus impossible for them to escape into the room. The mere fact that the photographs from which the illustrations on the preceding pages were made, were taken with the fires running at full blast, causing maximum amount of smoke, is sufficient comment upon the desirability and superiority of this system over all others. The hoods are of heavy cast iron. The connection is sufficiently below the forge to obviate injury to the piping by heat from the fire. Enough cold air is incidentally drawn in and mixed by the action of the exhauster to avoid this. The descriptions and cuts indicate which styles are furnished with down-draft hoods. Drawings of special forges for unusual service on application. BUFFALO STATIONARY FORGE NO. is. No illustration appears, but the design is similar to No. OS seen on page 270. If desired, may be furnished with water and coal tanks, at extra price. BUFFALO STATIONARY FORGE NO. OS. see cut page 270, is of the same size as No. Portable Blacksmith Forge described on a following page. For the work intended, its excellence is unrivaled. Provided with a blast gate as shown ; water and coal tanks supplied at additional price. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. OSD. same as No. OS, but with down-draft hood. 263 c a; .& '3 cr W ex o CO C/5 fcJO c 3 s 3 PQ o 15 O o" T3 _4J O f- c 'S :_ H o TD _OJ O E- E C/5 264 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forges, For Blacksmith Shops Provided with Fan Blast. Continued. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 02. see cut page 27 1 . For the lighter classes of work in carriage, wagon and agricultural implement manufactories, and similar service in all indus- tries, this forge has for years been the standard. They have been widely used in manual training school smith shops. Here they are frequently arranged in pairs. These forges may be furnished, as originally designed, with revolving ball tuyere or with patented anti-clinker dumping tuyere. The ash-pit box extends down through one side for convenience in removing ashes. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 02D, see cut page 272, is precisely the same forge as above described with the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood. Two illustra- tions appear, see pages 272 and 273. The latter shows the complete forge with all parts just as it is shipped. The former is presented to clearly give the appearance of the forge in operation, the manner in which the gases and smoke are removed through down-draft hoods, supply of blast, etc. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. OPS, see cut page 274. This machine is espe- cially intended for heavy work and has found wide favor with carriage builders, being primarily designed for this class of service ; it is also of inestimable value in wagon and agricultural implement manufactories ; it is a most complete forge. Its design combines coal box and water tank, and it is also furnished with a blast gate with lever convenient to the operator, placing under perfect control the regulation of the blast. It is equally well adapted for light or ordinary work in general. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. POST, same as OOS, but with patented anti- clinker dumping tuyere (see illustration on page 285). BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 03. see cut page 275, was primarily designed for the Union Pacific R. R. It is especially adapted to meet the requirements of such extra heavy work as is found in railroad shops. It is far superior, cheaper, handsomer and more efficient than any brick forge. The fire pit has a depth of eight inches, admitting of a strong, deep fire. When light work is being performed, the gates on the sides can be opened, and the fire lowered four inches. The regular tuyere is designed especially to withstand heavy service without burning out. The type described on page 269 may also be furnished, and will be found well worth the extra cost. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 03D. same as 03, but with down-draft hood. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 09. see cut page 276, has improved anti-clinker dumping tuyeres, with blast gate, water tank, coal box and tool rest. It is adapted for mod- erately heavy work. The design and depth of fire bowl afford most desirable features for these requirements. Especially adapted to carriage, wagon and implement manufactories. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 09D, see cut page 277. This machine is pre- cisely the same as No. 09. It is furnished with the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood. Ash cans, blast and exhaust pipes not furnished unless ordered extra. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. OA. see cut page 278. The smith shop of the C. C. C. & St. L. Railway at Bellefontaine, 0., is equipped with this type, arranged in pairs. They are adapted for the largest work in railway repair and similar shops. 265 c/) 4-> c S OH '3 cr W OH O ^ CO u 03 S PQ O) cs EX] 13 C 13 OJ 55 3 a; bC O u- Q o 6 z fl C/5 < U U u ex o o U. C3 .0 I O) O U. o Z TJ o +- _OJ "o CQ o. o 266 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forges, For Blacksmith Shops Provided with Fan Blast. Continued. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. OP, see cut page 279. This is substantially the same as No. OA with the exception of being provided with the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood. The entire forge, including hood, is of heavy cast iron. It is by far the largest built, and is eminently suited to the heaviest forge shop work ever performed. No matter how large the fire, the smoke and gases are constantly removed as generated through the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood. This forge is manifestly superior to brick construction, never being injured by accidental falling of heavy work. The heaviest forge built. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 07, see cut page 280, is built of steel plate through- out, excepting the Buffalo Patented Down-draft Exhaust Hood and Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere, which are of heavy cast iron. The diameter is 36 inches, height 26 inches. This forge is especially suited to moderately heavy work, and is rigidly stayed and stiffened throughout. A favorite type. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 07N, same as No. 07, without hood. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 07F. same as No. 07 N, with steel tank and box. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 071, same as No. 07 N, with cast iron tank. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 07T, see cut page 28 1 . Excepting that a steel plate coal box and water tank are provided, this forge is precisely the same as No. 07. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 07C. same as No. 07T, excepting that the coal boxes and water tanks are of heavy cast iron. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 08. No illustration appears. The design and con- struction are identical with No. 07, but of larger diameter, /. e., 48 inches ; height is 26 inches. The large capacity and form adapt this forge to the heaviest work of the smith shop. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 08N. same as No. 08, without hood. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 08F. same as No. 08N, with steel tank and box. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 081. same as No. 08N, with cast iron tank. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 08T. This machine is the same as No. 08, with the addition of tank as described in No. 07T. Diameter, 48 inches; height, 26 inches. Equipment of accessories consists of down-draft hood, anti-clinker dumping tuyere, blast gate, coal and water boxes. These afford a most complete machine of the largest capacity of any steel plate forge built. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 08C. same as No. 08T, excepting that the coal boxes and water tanks are of heavy cast iron. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 04, see cut page 282. This is primarily intended for technical schools, and is a most convenient two-fire forge. It is furnished with water tanks, blast gates, patented anti-clinker dumping tuyeres, and tool rests. Buffalo Patented Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hoods may be attached at additional cost, when so ordered. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 05, see cut page 283, is designed for training schools. The top of the forge is of cast iron, while the standard is of steel plate with heavy cast iron base. Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyeres, water tank with tool rest and coal box are fur- nished. The Buffalo Patented Down-draft Exhaust Hoods may be attached at additional cost 267 C/3 -i> c a; s a, UJ "?3 U PQ CQ CL UD O U. a o a: oi 3 O -J CO o^ U U U D, O CO O u- w Cv! CXD N. CL) bo O LJL < O 5= -o 0. _Cu '5 cr UJ o aT c cu 03 Cu o .c CO 268 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forges, For Blacksmith Shops Provided with Fan Blast. Continued. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 05A. same type and construction as Nos. 05 and 06, but with three fires. Drawings forwarded upon application. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGE NO. 06. see cut page 284. This four-fire technical school forge has found wide favor. The standard is steel plate with heavy cast iron base and cast iron top. Each fire is furnished with separate blast gate, and the Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyeres. Originally designed for the Texas State Manual Training School. BUFFALO ANTI-CLINKER DUMPING TUYERE. On page 285 appear two illustrations of this device. Fig. 1 gives a section of a Buffalo COST Stationary Forge, showing the operation of the tuyere. Every smith is familiar with the delay caused by the old style of forge, when it becomes necessary to clean the fire. The live coals must be removed before the ashes and clinkers can be reached. Time is then lost waiting for the fire to come up. By the use of this device, this difficulty is entirely obviated. The construction of the tuyere, and its application to Buffalo Stationary Forges, are such that all clinkers, ashes, etc., can be dropped out at the bottom, while the fire is still held in position undisturbed. This tuyere may be attached to nearly all the types of Buffalo Forges. BUFFALO STATIONARY BLAST FORGES, PRICE LIST. WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS. NUMBER OF FORGE DIMENSIONS IN INCHES FIRE PAN COAL Box WATER TANKS WEIGHT HEIGHT FourR OF FORGE PER FoRGH PRICE Length Width Depth Length Width Depth IS 21 x2?X 30^ 89 $15.00 OS 26^ x 38 X 33 140 20.00 OSD 26^ x 38% 33 270 50.00 02 24 x 36)4 27^ 9 6K 27^ 9 6*/ 2 29 330 34.00 02D 24 x 36^ 27^ 9 *>y 2 273^ 9 6 l / 2 29 470 65.00 OOS 38 x 42 36 8X 8 27^ 9 6'/ 2 26^ 412 40.00 OOST 38 x 42 36 8&T 8 27V 9 bV 2 2t>y 2 435 45.00 03 46^ x 47 23^ 12 10 27|^ 12 10 26^ 722 70.00 03D 46^ x 47 23>/ 2 12 10 27^ 12 10 2t>y 2 1022 110.00 09 37 x 41 35 y 2 7# 3 1 A 27^ 9 6>/ 2 27^ 447 40.00 09D 37 x 41 35/2 73^ 3/2 27^ 9 6'i 27}( 550 70.00 OA 42 x 42 24 1385 On OD 42 x42 24 1540 application 07 36 in. diam. 26 330 75.00 07N 36 26 235 36.00 07 F 36 15# 10 15 18% 10 15 26 310 80.00 071 36 15K 10 15 18# 10 15 26 430 70.00 07T 36 15# 10 15 18# 10 15 26 410 100.00 07C 36 I5tf 10 15 \8 l /2 10 15 26 530 90.00 08 48 26 555 90.00 08N 48 26 295 75.00 08 F 48 20X 13 18 25 13 18 26 420 110.00 081 48 20^ 13 18 25 13 18 26 605 80.00 08T 48 20j< 13 18 25 13 18 26 680 125.00 08C 48 20X 13 18 25 13 18 26 865 110.00 04 23 x5l 51 12X 35* 27 % 9 6'A 27 570 75.00 05 24 x54 17 dia. 6y 2 27^ 9 6*4 30 585 80.00 05A 24 x54 17 " 6^ 30 610 110.00 06 46^ x53}^ 18* " 8 30 680 125.00 269 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Adapted to Moderate Work. No. oS. Stationary Blast Forge with Blast Gate. 270 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Adapted to Carriage and Wagon Shops. No. 02. Stationary Blast Forge with Blast Gate, Water Tank and Coal Box. 271 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Patented Nov. 27, 1894, For Carriage, Wagon and Training School 'Smith Shops. No. O2D. With Buffalo Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood, also Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere. 272 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Patented Nov. 27, 1894, For Carriage, Wagon and Training School 'Smith Shops. No. O2D. With Buffalo Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood, also Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere. 273 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Adapted to Heavy Work. No. ooS. Stationary Blast Forge with Blast Gate, Water Tank and Coal Box. 274 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Adapted to Extra Heavy Work. No. 03. Stationary Blast Forge with Blast Gate, and Coal and Water Apartments. 275 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Adapted to Moderate and Heavy Work. No. 09. With Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere, Blast Gate, and Coal and Water Boxes. 276 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Patented Nov. 27, 1894, Adapted to Moderate and Heavy Work. No. 090. With Buffalo Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood, also Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere, Blast Gate, and Coal and Water Boxes. 277 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Double Type, for Extra Heavy Work in Railroad Repair Shops, etc. No. oA. Cast Iron Hoods and Frames, Furnished with Blast Gates. 278 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Patented Nov. 27, 1894, For Extra Heavy Work in Railroad Repair Shops, etc. No. oD. With Buffalo Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood and Blast Gate. 279 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Patented Nov. 27, 1894. For Moderate and Heavy Work. Steel Plate Construction. No. 07. With Buffalo Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood, Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere and Blast Gate. 280 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Patented Nov. 27, 1894. For Moderate and Heavy Work. Steel Plate Construction. No. o/T With Buffalo Down-draft Smoke Exhaust Hood, Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere, Blast Gate, and Coal and Water Boxes. 281 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Two-fire Type, for Technical Schools, etc. No. 04 With Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyeres, Blast Gates, Coal and Water Boxes, Tool Rests, Etc. 282 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Two-fire Type, for Technical Schools, etc. No. 05 With Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyeres, Blast Gates, Coal and Water Boxes. Base of Heavy Steel Plate. 283 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Four-fire Type, for Technical Schools. No. 06 With Buffalo Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyeres, Blast Gates and Coal Box. Base of Heavy Steel Plate. 284 Buffalo Stationary Blast Forge, Anti-clinker Dumping Tuyere. Section Through Forge, Showing Operation. Detail of Tuyere and Blast Gate. 285 Buffalo Portable Power Forge, For General Shop Work. No. o Power Forge with Water Tank. 286 Buffalo Portable Power Forges, With Belted Blowers. MANY small manufactories are without the accessory of a blacksmith shop, yet there is as much necessity for a forge as in large industries. Usually it is desirable to have the forge com- plete, /'. e., with a small fan as a part of it, to which power may be transmitted from the main shaft. Even in the largest iron works a selection of the designs illustrated, distributed at intervals, for sharpening tools, tempering, etc., will be found very convenient. Power Forges No. OD and No. 1 , under a great variety of work in machine shops, will save the labor of a helper. BUFFALO POWER FORGE NO. 0, see cut page 286. This machine is supplied with a 14- inch fan, and has sufficient capacity for heaviest work. It is built complete with tight and loose pulleys, also cut-off for the blast, by which the fire may be regulated to any degree. The forge may also be furnished with a hand power attachment for use at times when steam power is not available, making it a very complete machine. Supplied with or without water tank. BUFFALO POWER FORGE NO. OD. Same size as above, with patented down-draft hood for removing smoke, combined blower and exhauster. See page 288. BUFFALO MACHINISTS' POWER FORGE NO. i. see cut page 289. Fan 10 inches in diameter ; intended for lighter work than the forges above described. Furnished with hand power attachments, if desired ; also built with tight and loose pulleys. A blast gate is provided. The forge is especially adapted for machinists' use. BUFFALO EXPERIMENTAL BLOWER AND EXHAUSTER, see cut page 289, is made upon the same principle as Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, but is not so highly finished or as durable a machine. They operate noiselessly, and will yield as large a volume of air, in proportion to the sizes, as the other types, but will not produce the same amount of pressure. They are intended especially for blowing fires in portable and small stationary boilers, for experimenting and various purposes where a small quantity of air at an average pressure is desired. The No. is sufficient to blow one forge fire ; No. ^ is sufficient for three forge fires of average size. BUFFALO PORTABLE POWER FORGES TABLE OF SIZES AND PRICES. DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PRICE NAME OF FORGE Size of S p- e f Fan Pan Water Tank WEIGHT w ... w ... With Hand With Hand w.* Vf,\ r Power Attach- Power Attach - Water Water m ent, No mentand Tank Water Tank Length Width Depth Power 14 28x50 23^ Q 250 Ibs. $54.00 $58.00 $58.00 $62.00 " OD 14 28x50 23^ 9 t>% 1 10 31x27 150 " 45.00 48.00 BUFFALO EXPERIMENTAL BLOWERS AND EXHAUSTERS. OUTSIDE PULLEYS OUTLET Diameter Face 00 2% 8 in. 20 Ibs. IX IX 3 12 " 30 " 114: IX Y* 4>2 18 " 45 " 2 PRICE For Blower For Exhauster $ 8.00 10.00 14.00 ) $2.00 \ net, J extra 287 Buffalo Portable Power Forge, For General Shop Work. No. oD With Down-draft Hood, Combined Blower and Exhauster. 288 Buffalo Portable Power Forge, For Machine Shops, etc. No. i Power Forge, Half Open Hood. Buffalo Experimental Blowers and Exhausters. No. oo Experimental Blower. 289 Buffalo Stationary Blast Heating Forge, For Hard Coal or Coke. No. 31 Heating Forge, Furnished with Blast Gate. 290 Buffalo Stationary Blast Heating Forges, For Hard Coal and Coke. NINE regular designs of these machines are built by this house, and are priced below. Only three illustrations are herewith presented, for the reason that the other forges are similar in appearance and construction, and only varied in dimensions for increased capacity. Buffalo Heating Forges are designed for heating a great variety of work, such as rivets, bolts, rods, axes, hammers, hatchets, band iron, etc., and also for cutting, bending, forming and forging purposes. They are especially adapted to heating a number of pieces at one time, thus keeping the mechanic fully supplied with work ready to be operated upon continuously. They will be found especially advan- tageous for use in connection with steam hammers, steam and hydraulic riveting machines, etc. All have double shaking grates, with a blast gate for regulating the supply of blast. Buffalo Heating Forges may be furnished so arranged as to suit various kinds of work. Nos. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37 are made with openings on one or both sides, and with the coal chute on one or both ends, as desired. They are also built with openings on one or both ends, and with the coal chute on one or both sides. Nos. 32 and 33 are constructed with openings on both ends, making a very desirable double forge for short, light work. Heating Forge No. 35 is especially adapted for heating axes, hatchets, hammers and similar tools. It has a long, narrow fireplace, and is very eco- nomical of fuel. No. 37 has an 8-inch space above fire, a total height of 16 inches from grate to end and inside of brick, and is designed for especially large work. In ordering or making inquiries, always state plainly the size and style wanted, and in what manner it is desired to use the forge. Send a full description of the work to be performed. The efficiency and economy of these forges are fully guaranteed. We can furnish special sizes and styles upon short notice, at moderate cost. Several Special Buffalo Heating Forges have been designed for particular work, and photos, with full description and prices, may be had upon application. We do not consume space herewith for illustrating same, as the demand for special construction or capacities greater than those below mentioned is infrequent. PRICE LIST, SIZES AND DIMENSIONS. No. DESCRIPTION SIZE OF GRATE SURFACE PRICE 30 Complete without Brick 8 x 10 $ 35.00 31 12 x 12 45.00 32 13K x22 60.00 33 12 x20 60.00 34 12 x 44 75.00 35 8 x22 55.00 36 18 x 40 90.00 37. 18 x40 110.00 38 24 x24 75.00 291 Buffalo Stationary Blast Heating Forge, For Hard Coal or Coke. No. 32 Heating Forge, with Blast Gate. 292 Buffalo Stationary Blast Heating Forge, For Hard Coal or Coke. \ No. 34 Heating Forge, with Four Grates and Two Blast Gates. 293 Buffalo Portable Forge, Blacksmiths' Type. No. o Hand Forge, with Water Tank and Sheet Steel Hood. 294 Buffalo Portable Forges, Types and Sizes for All Requirements. TO-DAY, Buffalo Forges are as well known to every mechanic as any tool before the public. Their unparalleled success is largely due to the fact that each machine sent out is a promi- nent advertisement of the merits of the goods. The combination of conscientious workman- ship and best materials could have no other result. As an illustration of the growth of this depart- ment of our business, and of how the construction of these machines has been brought down to a fine point, it will be interesting to know that for sometime after the design of the first blacksmith forge was perfected, it was considered a good week's work to build and ship two forges. At the present date, five hundred machines can, with the greatest ease, be turned out in this time, without in any way retarding operations in the other departments of our works. Buffalo Forges are not only em- ployed in nine out of every ten blacksmith shops in America where an improved forge is used, but are to be found in every country on the globe. Every machine is sold upon its merits and fully guaran- teed. The best steel shafts are used, and those furnished with hoods have the metal work built of heavy steel plate, which is more durable than sheet iron. All running gear is heavy, strong and easily operated. The blowers are of the same excellent construction as the regular Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers having babbitted journal boxes. A stronger blast is secured from the fan attached to the forge than from any other. There is no dead center or back motion in the Buffalo Portable Forges, which is a feature of all other machines, and they have an easy lever motion, which does not confine the operator close to the fire, as all others do. BUFFALO BLACKSMITHS 1 FORGE NO. 0. see cut page 294. As the name indicates, this is especially adapted for blacksmiths. Every progressive smith and metal worker in the country will readily appreciate the great superiority of these machines to the bellows and the brick forge. It heats quicker with less labor, the initial cost is less, and the durability and reliability exceed in every respect. Much room, time, labor and money are saved. The forge is guaranteed to produce a welding heat on 3-inch iron in five minutes ; on 4-inch in ten minutes. Its equal has not yet been produced. BUFFALO MACHINISTS' FORGE NO. 1. see cut page 296. This has a half-open hood, and is guaranteed to yield a welding heat on 2^ and 3-inch iron in from five to ten minutes ; it will do heavier work if required. For all kinds of tool work, for machinists, plumbers, miners, marble works, millers, railroad repair shops, locksmiths, planters and repairs in general, it possesses superior merit. BUFFALO MACHINISTS' FORGE NO. 2, see cut page 298. This is built with a hood com- pletely enclosing the fireplace, with a large sliding door in front and a small one in the rear, for manipulating the fire. The use of the closed hood prevents the escape of sparks, smoke and fumes, and especially adapts this forge for planing mills, wood-working establishments in general, oil refineries, sugar works, varnish works, jewelers, locksmiths, and also for annealing and refining metals. BUFFALO BOILER MAKERS' FORGE NO. 3. see cut page 300. No boiler shop is completely equipped without forges of this design. They are also suitable for iron bridge and ship builders, railroad contractors, and for general outdoor work. As will be observed by reference to the cut, four handles are provided for convenience in easily moving the forge from place to place. The deep fire- 295 Buffalo Portable Forge, Machinists' Type. No. i Hand Forge, with Half Open Hood. 296 Buffalo Portable Forges, Types and Sizes for All Requirements. Continued. place peculiarly fits this forge for heating rivets, and its capacity is guaranteed sufficient for one boy to continuously supply from three to four gangs of riveters. BUFFALO TOOL MAKERS' FORGE NO. 4, see cut page 301, is furnished with half-open hood. It will produce a welding heat on iron \y 2 inches in diameter in five minutes, and also handle heavier work if required. They are especially recommended for the service specified, on account of the size of the fireplace. Die sinkers, metal and tool makers, wood-working houses, locksmiths and jewelers find this forge invaluable for heating and tempering tools of all kinds. BUFFALO RIVET FORGE NO. 5. see cut page 30 1 . The capacity of this forge is the same as the No. 4, and it is especially suitable for tank builders, elevated railroad contractors, repair work on boilers, bridges, etc. The forge is quite light, strong and compact, and may be very easily carried about the country. Widely used by structural iron workers. BUFFALO JEWELERS' FORGE NO. 6. see cut page 302. This machine is identical in con- struction, capacity and design with the No. 4, with the exception it has a closed hood with a large sliding door, preventing the escape of sparks, fumes or smoke when starting the fire. It is especially adapted for jewelers, cabinet makers, plumbers, and for heating and tempering tools in manufac- tories where combustible matter is a basis, affording maximum safety and economy. BUFFALO BENCH FORGE NO. 7, see cut page 303. A wooden case, 19 x 19 x 19 inches, weighing about 15 Ibs., is furnished with this forge, when desired. The machine is intended for light work only. It may be easily moved about, as the weight is reduced to a minimum. It has short legs, so that when used it is intended to be set on a box or bench. It will produce a welding heat on 1-inch iron in ten minutes. The machine is well adapted for miners and prospectors, and the case has room for carrying the usual tools, but which are not furnished with the forge. BUFFALO BENCH FORGE NO. 8. see cut page 303. This forge has a half-open hood, and is of the same capacity as No. 7. It is especially adapted for farmers, tinsmiths, locksmiths, etc. The former find it a very valuable tool, as it enables them to make many of their small repairs, saving time and money. BUFFALO BENCH FORGE NO. 9. see cut page 303. This machine is identically the same as the No. 8, with the exception of its having an entirely closed hood, with a large double door in front and single door in rear, so that it may be opened at both points if desired. It is especially adapted for charcoal fires, as the closed hood prevents the escape of sparks, smoke, etc., when starting. BUFFALO RAILROAD AND BRIDGE BUILDERS' FORGE NO. 10, see cut page 303. This machine is especially adapted for railroad repair work, iron bridge and tank builders. The capacity is the same as the No. 5 Forge, see description above. BUFFALO MINERS' AND PROSPECTORS' FORGE NO. 11, see cut page 304. The construc- tion and design of this machine are identically the same as the No. 5 Forge, but the machine has shorter legs, to the end of rendering it more compact for transportation, and is recommended in pre- ference to the No. 7 for prospecting purposes, as it has larger capacity and permits a greater variety of work to be done in less time, with less labor. With case, the weight is but 60 Ibs., and there is always ample room for a full line of tools. These are not furnished with the forge. 297 Buffalo Portable Forge, Machinists' Type. No. 2 Hand Forge, with Closed Hood. 298 Buffalo Portable Forges, Types and Sizes for All Requirements. Continued. BUFFALO BUILDERS' FORGE (BELLOWS TYPE) NO. 12. see cut page 304. For all repair work, railroad, bridge, tank and other building, where a forge is required, this machine is unrivaled in efficiency and durability. The moving parts of the forge are protected by an iron drum, practically of the same construction as shown in wood cut No. 10, and there is no danger of breakage while being transported around the country. For supplying blast, a bellows is employed, instead of the usual iron fan. BUFFALO FORGE, WITH FOOT POWER ATTACHMENTS. NO. 13, see cut page 305. The fan being driven by foot power, affords the free use of both hands, and minimum ease of operation. Also furnished with closed hood, like cut of No. 2, see opposite page, price on application. BUFFALO CRANK FORGE NO. 20, see cut page 305, was originally designed to meet the requirements of customers preferring the application of power to the fan in this manner. BUFFALO CRANK FORGE NO. 21, same as No. 20, with half open hood like Forge No. 1 . BUFFALO CRANK FORGE NO. 22. same as No. 20, with closed hood like Forge No. 2. PRICE LIST, SIZES, WEIGHTS AND PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS. No. OF FORGE HEIGHT TO TOP OF BOWL WEIGHT PRICE SIZE OF DIAMETER HEARTH OF FAN Without Tank 1 With Without With Tank Tank Tank 30 in. 28 x 40 in. 14 in. 250 Ibs. 300 Ibs. $50.00 $54.00 1 29 " 21 x27 " 10 " 140 " 40.00 2 29 " 21 x27 " 10 " 150 " 42.00 3 29 " 21 x27 " 10 " 140 " 36.00 4 33 " 18 in. diam. 6 " 80 " 27.00 5 33 " 18 " " 6 " 75 " 24.00 6 7 8 33 " 15 " 15 " 18 " " 6 " 80 " 30.00 ,5" 6" 40 " ! W ,2"- 16.00 15 " ". 6 " 50 " 18.00 j WithCase, ) $20.00 9 15 " 15 " " 6 " 55 " 20.00 10 32 " 18 " '" 6 " 110 " 32.00 11 17^ " 18 " " 6 " 65 Ibs. $26.00 13 30 " 25 " " 8 " 135 " 35.00 20 21 30 " 30 " 25 " " 10 " 115 " 25 " " 10 " 120 " 24.00 26.00 22 30 " 25 " " 10 " 125 " 28.00 I.' '.1 299 Buffalo Portable Forge, Boiler Makers' Type. No. 3 Hand Forge, without Hood. 300 Buffalo Portable Forges, Tool Makers' Type. Riveters' Type. No. 4 Hand Forge, with Half Open Hood. No. 5 Hand Forge, with Dash. 301 Buffalo Portable Forge, Jewelers' Type. No. 6 Hand Forge, with Closed Hood. 302 Buffalo Portable Forges, Bench Type, for Jewelers, Dentists, Miners, Farmers, etc. No. 7 Hand Forge. No. 8 Hand Forge. No. 9 Hand Forge. No. 10 Hand Forge. 303 Buffalo Portable Forges, For Bridge Builders, Boiler Makers, Structural Iron Workers and General Out-door Work. No. ii Prospectors' Hand Forge, with Case. No. 12 Bellows Type, Steel Plate Construction. List price $30.00. 34 Buffalo Portable Forges, For Boiler Makers, Machinists, etc. No. 13 Forge with Foot Power Attach- ment, Half Open Hood. 305 No. 20 Crank Forge. Buffalo Hand Blowers, Furnished with and without Tuyeres. No. 3x Buffalo Standard Hand Blower. No. 5x Crank Hand Blower, Made Right or Left Hand. No. 7 Double Crank Hand Blower. 306 Buffalo Hand Blowers, For Blacksmith Fires and General Duty. WHILE the Buffalo Hand Blowers were originally designed for ordinary blacksmith shop fires in connection with brick forges, and have very generally supplanted the old-fashioned bellows, they are now used for a multitude of other purposes. The running gear is simple and con- structed in the most superior manner. All material is selected with special reference to durability. The bearings and shafts are very carefully prepared. The frames are substantially braced. Weights are reduced to a minimum, rendering the Buffalo Hand Blowers readily portable in either the iron or wood frame types (see opposite and following pages). The original Buffalo Hand Blowers were built with wooden frames (see illustrations of Nos. 3 and 5, page 308). The adoption of the iron frame (see illustration on opposite page) marks an improvement, being far more durable and substantial in every way. In this regard they will be found well worth the extra cost. The wooden frame hand blower yet has its adherents, being preferred by many. We therefore offer both types, that the needs of all customers may be fully met. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO. 2. Horizontal type, similar in design to the No. 4, see illustration on page 310, and especially adapted for all blacksmith purposes. It produces a welding heat on 3-inch iron in five minutes and 4-inch iron in 10 minutes. Heavier work can be accom- plished if required. Furnished with or without tuyere. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO. 3. see cut page 308. This is generally termed the "Buffalo Standard." and is extensively employed in blacksmith shops. It is furnished right or left hand, as desired, and with or without tuyere. Four-fold more of these hand blowers are in daily use in gen- eral shops in America than all other makes combined. They also have been widely introduced in foreign countries. Compact in form and of large capacity. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO 3X, see page 306, is the same machine as the No. 3 above described, excepting that tube steel frames have been adopted instead of wooden ones. The base is of heavy cast iron. This combination affords maximum stability and durability. The unusual strength of frame has made this type very popular for mining work and other situations where a blower is subjected to rough usage. It is easily portable. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO. 4, see page 3 10. This is the largest size of hand blower built in the world. For certain classes of work, the horizontal type of hand blower is pre-eminently adapted. This machine is especially designed for flange fires in boiler shops, and extra heavy service in ship-smith shops. A great favorite for the heaviest hand blower requirements. Supplied with or without tuyere, as may be ordered. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO. 5, see page 308, has our patented ratchet crank. When re- leased by the operator it does not continue to revolve, though the blower is still running, but drops to the position indicated in the cut, which is the most convenient for starting. The gears are proportioned to give the required speed to the fan at a slow crank motion, with a minimum loss of power by fric- tion. At 30 turns of the crank per minute, will blow strong enough to heat 3 to 4-inch iron in 5 to 10 minutes. Furnished with or without tuyere. This is the standard crank blower with wooden frame. 37 Buffalo Hand Blowers, Blacksmiths' Type, Furnished with or without Tuyeres. No. 5 Crank Hand Blower. No 3 Hand Blower, Right or Left Hand. 308 Buffalo Hand Blowers, For Blacksmith Fires and General Duty. Continued. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO. 5X. see page 306, has precisely the same capacity as the No. 5 described on page 307. The construction embodies the steel tube frame, and heavy cast iron base. The entire machine is made of extra strength and stiffness, to withstand the wear and tear incident to the heaviest indoor and outdoor service. Furnished with or without tuyere. BUFFALO HAND BLOWER NO. 6, see illustration page 3 1 1 , is ordinarily known as the Buffalo " Whirlwind." Its compactness, great wind power, and self-contained features are especially notable. The blower is entirely noiseless, and is furnished with our patented ratchet crank (see description for No. 5). The fan is of extra large diameter, and the frame is of tube steel throughout. The fly wheel is 48 inches diameter over all. These details, the illustration, and a constantly increasing demand, clearly indicate the great superiority of this blower over all others of the same form. BUFFALO DOUBLE CRANK HAND BLOWER NO. 7. see cut page 306. For temporarily ven- tilating tunnels or underground passages where steam power is not available, this blower has found wide favor. It was designed especially for such work as dispelling smoke and fumes resulting from blasting operations in mining drifts, etc. It has been used for this service for several years, and has proven to be the only practical hand blower made, adequate for such service. The fan is of extra large capacity, and operates with a minimum amount of power. The arrangement is such that both cranks may be operated simultaneously or separately, as desired. For special heavy blacksmithing, emergency work or any situation requiring a heavy blast, this blower excels any hand power machine yet produced. The tube steel frame and cast iron base are so heavy as to withstand any possible working strain. Furnished with or without tuyere, as may be ordered. TABLE OF PRICES, SIZES, WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS. NUMBER DIMENSIONS WEIGHT PRICE OF HAND BLOWER Height Length Size of Fan Without Tuyere With Tuyere Without Tuyere With Tuyere Tuyere Only 2 35 in. 32 in. 14 in. 130 Ibs. 150 Ibs. $30.00 $32.00 $3.50 3 47 M 28 " 14 " 115 " 130 " 23.00 25.00 3.50 3X 46 " 28 " 14 " 150 " 170 " 25.00 27.00 3.50 4 35 " 35 " 17 " 200 225 " 34.00 36.00 3.50 5 47 .. 28 " 14 " 105 " 125 " 18.00 20.00 3.50 5X 44 " 28 " 14 " 140 " 160 " 20.00 22.00 3.50 6 72 " 48 " 17 " 198 " 210 " 26.00 28.00 3.50 7 46 " 31 " 17 " 175 " 195 " 30.00 32.00 3.50 309 Buffalo Hand Blower, Blacksmiths' Type, Furnished with or without Tuyere. No. 4 Hand Blower, with Tuyere. 310 Buffalo Hand Blower, Blacksmiths' Type. No. 6 Hand Blower for Brick Forges, etc. Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Hand Power Type. No. 61 with Wood Back. No. 60 with Iron Back. 312 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Upright Hand and Power Machines. THE various designs of the Buffalo Blacksmith Drills described below, afford machines adapted to a wide variety of uses. Each drill is unique in that it is more complete and embodies a greater number of desirable points than any others of the same cost. The workmanship and material are of the highest order. All shafts and screws are of the best steel, the gears are made from the most improved patterns, machine cut, and are unexcelled in smoothness of action. The bearings are solid, not babbitted, but are bored out and reamed to gauges of cast iron. This gives the most durable result. The list contains several new designs, and the previous ones have all been carefully remodeled throughout, so that every drill is fully up to date. Each machine herein offered will be found superior in efficiency, ease of operating and all points which combine to make a perfect machine. The different types described by the table will be found to cover the requirements of the smallest smithy to that of the largest carriage and wagon manufacturing establishment. PRICE LIST, TABLE OF DIMENSIONS AND CAPACITIES. DESCRIPTION No. 60. Hand drill No. 60A. Hand and power drill Length in Inches 42 42 Weight in Lbs. 135 | 153 | CAPACITY 1 YI in. hole, center \6% in. circle \Yz in. hole, center 16"^ in. circle _ , Run of Feed Countershaft Pulleys PRICE $32.00 36.00 No. 60B. Hand drill with emery wheel 42 No. 60C. Hand and power drill with \ ^ emery wheel No. 60D. Hand and power drill with ] tight and lopse pulley and f 42 countershaft No. 60E. Hand and power drill with } tight and loose pulley and r 42 countershaft No. 60F. Hand and power drill with \ cone pulley and countershaft I No. 60G. Hand and power drill with cone pulley, countershaft and f 42 emery wheel 145 -( 1^ in. hole, center 16^ in. circle 163 209 208 \Yz in. hole, center 16^ in. circle \Yt in. hole, center 16^ in. circle \y> in. hole, center 16j^ in. circle \yi in. hole, center 161^ in. circle 231 / 1/4 in. hole, I center 16^ in. circle \< 34.00 38.00 50.00 52.00 50.00 52.00 313 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Hand and Power Types. No. 6iB with Emery Wheel. No. 6iG with Cone Pulley and Countershaft. Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Price List, Table of Dimensions and Capacities. Continued. DESCRIPTION Length in Inches Weight in Lbs. Ru CAPACITY Inc , Countershaft Pulleys PRICE ' Diam. Face ' in In. in In. No. 61. Hand drill, same as No. 60, but with wood back }* ,{ 'X in. hole. I 4 8 3 $32 OQ center 16% in. circle No. 61A. Hand and power drill 54 135 | 72 (, i center \6 l /2 in. circle ' \ 8 3 36.00 No. 61 B. Hand drill with emery wheel 54 127 | \Yz in. hole, 1 L center 16*4 in. circle ' \ 8 3 34.00 No. 61C. Hand and power drill with emery wheel }54 147 { IX in. hole, ) 4 8 3 J8 oo center 16^4 in. circle 1 No. 61 D. Hand and power drill with tight and loose pulley and countershaft } 191 | ^ in - hole ' I 4 8 3 50.00 center 16^ in. circle No. 61 E. Hand and power drill with tight and loose pulley, coun- tershaft and emery wheel } 203 | 1 Kin. hole, I 4 8 3 52.00 center 16^ in. circle > No. 61 F. Hand and power drill with cone pulley and countershaft }54 190 | 1 Yz in. hole, | center 16^ in. circle , t \ 8 3 50.00 No. 61 G. Hand and power drill with cone pulley, countershaft and emery wheel } 213 | 1 Yi in. hole, ) . ' center 16>^ in. circle 1 \ 8 3 52.00 No. 66. Hand drill 37 100 | 1 in. hole, ) , center 15 in. circle 1 IX 22.00 No. 66A. Hand and power drill 37 -{ 1 in. hole, "^ , center 15 in. circle * IX 5 l / 2 2 26.00 No. 66B. Hand drill with emery wheel 37 95 I l in ' hole ' I : i center 15 in. circle J IX 24.00 No. 66C. Hand and power drill with emery wheel }37 103 { 1 in. hole, ^ , center 15 in. circle ' IX 5^ 2 28.00 No. 68. Hand drill, same as No. 66, but with wood back 1 44 97 { 1 in ' hole ' I 3X 22.00 center 15 in. circle ! 315 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Hand Power Type, with Automatic Feed. No. 66 with Automatic Feed. No. 68 with Automatic Feed. 316 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Price List, Table of Dimensions and Capacities. Continued. Length DESCRIPTION in Inches Weight in CAPACITY Lbs. Countershaft Pulleys PRICE '-has >r Face in In. 2 No. 68A. Hand and power drill 44 105 ' center in. 15 hole, in. circle 1 o I/ C i/ .- 3X ^/2 $26.00 No. 68B. Hand drill with emery wheel 44 107 ; center in. 15 hole, in. circle }3X 24.00 No. 68C. Hand and power drill with emery wheel I 44 115 [ center in. 15 hole, ) ^./ r,/ in. circle ' 2 28.00 No. 69. Hand-feed drill 28 50 ' From center /8 19 to in 7 /& in., . circle }3X 15.00 No. 71. Automatic feed, triple gear 44 125 ' From center 11 to in IX in., . circle '- 5 36.00 No. 71^. Same as above for power 44 125 | From center 11 to in IX in., . circle 40.00 No. 72. Same as No. 71, with emery grinder | 44 125 { From center >'8 11 to in IX in., . circle ^ 38.00 No. 72^- Same as No. 71J4, with emery grinder \ 44 125 | Fr o m center 11 to in IX in-, circle ^ [ 5 42.00 No. 73. Upright triple gear automatic "i drill ; f v 190 [ From center 1 A 11 to in IX in., . circle | 5 46.00 No. 74. Upright triple gear automatic drill with emery grinder I 5 * 200 ' From center y s to 15 in IX in., . circle 1 5 48.00 No. 75. Same as No. 73, but com- bined hand and power ma- chine [ 54 208 [ From j center 15 to in IX in- . circle f 52.00 No. 76. Same as No. 75, with emery wheel } 154 218 [ From center 15 to in IX in- . circle h 54.00 No. 77. Same as No. 75, with coun- tershaft } 54 260 * From center 1 A 15 to in IX in-, . circle I ^ j 66.00 317 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, With Hand and Automatic Feed. No. 69 Hand Feed Drill. No. 71 Automatic Feed Drill. 318 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Price List, Table of Dimensions and Capacities. Continued. DESCRIPTIO ^ Length in Inches Weight in Lbs. CAPACITY Run of Feed in Inches Countershaft Pulleys Diam. Face in In. in In. PRICE No. 78. Same as No. 77, with emery wheel } 54 27 - f : From l /% to 1^ in- I center 15 in. circle No. 79. Hand and power triple gear 54 21 / From } center 4 to \y 2 in., 15 in. circle No. 80. Same as No. 79. with emery wheel I 54 22 { From - center /s to \y z in., 15 in. circle No. 81. Same as No. 79. with coun- tershaft | 54 27 Q f From ^ to IK in -> 1 center 15 in. circle No. 82. Same as No. 81, with emery wheel 1 54 280 { From #10 i# in, j I center 15 in. circle No. 83. Lever drill, without counter- shaft j- 50 15 , f Drills to 6 \ center 13 in. circle No. 84. Lever drill with countershaft 50 215 { Drills t0 center 13 in. circle No. 85. Lever drill with tight and loose pulley (in place of cone) } 50 165 { Drills t0 center 13 in. circle No. 86. Lever drill with tight and loose pulley and counter- t 50 28 n ( Drills to center 13 in. <- circle shaft No. 87. Lever drill with countershaft 66 No. 88. Lever drill with countershaft with back gear , , Drills to center 20 in. circle Drills to center 20 in. circle 8 3 $68.00 52.00 54.00 65.00 67.00 65.00 75.00 65.00 75.00 120.00 130.00 The Buffalo Hand and Power Drills have found wide favor for general work outside of the 'smith shop. Nos. 87 and 88 have been extensively sold, and are in every respect a high grade machine tool. The No. 88 back gear drill may be furnished with special attachment for holding wheels while drilling the tires, when so ordered. Careful examination of nearly all the various types will reveal peculiar features of design which are indispensable for a great many requirements. 319 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, With Automatic Feed, Triple Gear. No. 74 Drill with Emery Grinder. No. 75 Hand and Power Drill. 320 Buffalo Blacksmith Drills, Triple Gear, Automatic and Lever Feeds. No. 83 Power Drill with Lever Feed. No. 81 Combined Hand and Power Drill. 321 Buffalo Blacksmith Drill, Specially Adapted for Carriage and Wagon Manufactories. No. 87 Power Drill. 322 Buffalo Blacksmith Drill, For Carriage, Wagon, Agricultural Implement and General Manufactories. No. 88 Power Drill, with Back Gear. 323 Buffalo Punch, Shear and Bar Cutter, Combined Tool for General Use. Punch, Shear and Bar Cutter, Combined. 3 2 4 Buffalo Punch, Shear, Bar and Angle Iron Cutters, For Blacksmiths and General Work. THESE tools are made in four forms, viz.: Buffalo Combined Punch, Shear and Bar Cutter, Buffalo Continuous Shear, Buffalo Independent Punch, and Buffalo Angle Iron Cutter. The first is most suitable for blacksmith and general shop work, where use is found for a combined punching, shearing and cutting hand tool. The Continuous Shear is designed for tinners and sheet iron workers, being especially built for their requirements. The Independent Punch is likewise intended for special situations, or where a powerful hand punch is required. The Angle Iron Cutter is indispensable for bridge builders, structural iron workers, wire and fence makers, etc. Durability, compactness and power are so combined as to secure the acme of perfection. The mechanism is unique. The combination of leverages is so arranged that the cutting is done up from the bottom. This enables one man to perform a greater amount of work easier than two using the old style down-cut machines. The operator can work without a helper, and the combined tool requires no adjusting whatever in changing the work, being always ready to per- form any of its three duties. All machines are furnished with three foot levers, and every part is interchangeable, so that any detail may be furnished at once in the event of breakage, which seldom occurs, barring accidents, and when handling work greater than the listed capacities. Every machine is guaranteed to do the work specified as its capacity in the following table, with ease, and to require no crowding to perform such service. Each is thoroughly tested to the work listed as its capacity before leaving our works, and samples of such are sent with every ship- ment. The ease with which the work claimed may be performed is a surprise to many buyers, and ofttimes heavier work is attempted. The capacity table gives the greatest amount of work which it is desirable to handle with each size, and anything attempted above this must be at the risk of the purchaser, who should bear in mind that this is a hand tool and not a power machine. PRICE LIST, SIZES AND DIMENSIONS. Punches CAPACITIES Furnished Shear Punch Cut-off 1 Combined ; -??, l /%. j/-in. strap iron, 11^ in. wide Mj in. in l A-\n. iron to 3/6 -in. round iron $40.00 fa A. X. T V * " " '2 " " X ' " X ' X H ' ' 50.00 3 X, A. fa X" " ' 3 " " 3 /s " " H " " 3 /& i 70.00 4 " X- #, #, # " " 3 " " Yz " " l /L " " TZ 'X ' 100.00 6 Shear to } ir . thickness 3/8 ' ' ' 30.00 7 to T 3 ff ' ' 40.00 8 to yf ' " X X ' 50.00 9 Oto^ ' " K 100.00 12 Punch A. # /s in. in l / & -\n. iron 30.00 13 #. A. X- X " " X " " 40.00 14 X. A. #. ^ " " 3/ & " " ! 50.00 15 X- #. fa y 2 " " # " " 6o.oo ., Angle Iron Cutter Will cut up to 3 in. x 3 in. x j^ in. angle 40 00 iron or steel. Extra punches $1.00 each, extra knives $1.00 each, extra cutters $1.00 per pair. 325 Buffalo Continuous Shear and Independent Punch, For Tinners, Sheet Iron Workers, Boiler Makers and General Shops. Continuous Shear. Independent Punch. 326 Buffalo Angle Shear, For Sheet and Structural Iron Workers, Cornice and Fence Makers, etc. Furnished with Lever for Operating. 327 Buffalo Tire Upsetters, For Carriage, Wagon and Blacksmith Shops. For Upright Position, Furnished with Lever for Operating. Fig. i. For Horizontal or Upright Position, Clamps have Corrugated Jaws, Furnished with Lever for Operating. Fig. 2. 328 Buffalo Tire Upsetters, For Carriage, Wagon and Blacksmith Shops. THE remarkable power exerted by the patented compound lever principle, first employed in the Buffalo Combined Punch, Shear and Bar Cutters now used in all better classes of smith-shops throughout the country, has led us to extend the field of usefulness of this mechanical con- trivance. Heretofore, existing tire upsetters have been of comparatively little value on account of their unreliability, general inefficiency and lack of convenience in operation. After very extensive and thorough experiments, we have succeeded in perfectly adapting the same powerful principle to the Buffalo Tire Upsetters or Shrinkers. The result has been as eminently satisfactory as in the punch, shear and bar cutters. These upsetters readily accomplish work which has been entirely beyond the claimed capacities of all other tire shrinkers on the market. The engraving at the top of the opposite page, Figure 1 , shows the type adapted for an upright position. This form is very generally the choice of the trade, and is a marvel of convenience and efficiency. Lugs are cast on the frame for ready attachment to posts or other solid points in the shop convenient for use. Figure 2 illustrates a form adapted for horizontal or upright position. The clamps have corrugated, not plain, jaws as shown by this cut. Both of the above types of upsetters are furnished with levers of convenient length for operating. As the illustration shows, great compactness of frame is secured, which reduces the danger of breakage to a minimum. The central presser foot holds the tire in place and effectually prevents all possibility of kinking of the tire during the process of shrinking. The corrugations of the clamps and bed are of chilled metal and grip the tire with a power and tenacity never before equalled in any tire upsetter. The larger sizes may be furnished with attachments for shrinking axles, at a slight additional cost, which will be named on application. Every machine sold is guaranteed to have the capacity claimed for the respective sizes, and to do such work readily and without crowding. The work listed as to each tool's capacity is actually performed before leaving the works. Any heavier work attempted, above that recommended, must be at the risk of the purchaser. PRICE LIST, SIZES AND CAPACITIES. No. CAPACITY PRICE 1 Will upset tires up to 2^ inches wide x ^ inch thick $10.00 2 3/2 " " x^ " " 15.00 3 4% " " *% " 20.00 4 4^ " " x?/ 8 " 25.00 No. 4 also shrinks axles up to 1 ^ inches square. 3 2 9 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Instruments for Measuring Air. Pressure Gauge, Front View. Pressure Gauge, Side Section. Anemometer, Front and Rear Views. 33 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Pressures, Corresponding Velocities and Water Column Heights. Table of Pressures per Sq. Inch, in Ounces Corresponding Height of Water Column, in Inches Air Velocities per Minute, Corresponding to Pressures per Square Inch Table of Pressures per Sq. Inch, in Ounces Corresponding Height of Water Column, in Inches Air Velocities per Minute, Corresponding to Pressures per Square Inch X .4335 2584.80 10 17.340 16683.51 # .8671 3657.60 11 19.074 17533.50 X 1.3005 4482.00 12 20.808 18350.34 1 1.734 5175.00 13 22.542 19138.26 2 3.468 7338.24 14 24.276 19900.68 3 5.202 9006.42 15 26.01 20640.48 4 6.936 10421.58 16 27.75 21360.00 5 8.670 11676.00 17 29.478 22060.80 6 10.404 12817.08 18 31.212 22745.40 7 12.138 13872.72 19 32.946 23415.00 8 13.872 14861.16 20 34.680 24070.80 9 15.606 15795.06 1 THE instruments most widely used in measuring air and in making air tests are shown on the opposite page. Clearly determined experimental data, obtained with the most carefully made, calibrated and standardized instruments, are the basis of all calculations and installations of this house. In all details the greatest care is exercised. The hygrophant (see page 152) is used in determining the humidity, or in other words, the rela- tive " wetness " of the air, and is especially valuable in drying work, for ascertaining and regulating the condition of the air in the dryer. The air meter is an instrument for measuring the velocity of the air, being practically a small fan with an indicating device. This instrument may be used up to velocities of 7000 feet per minute. The blast "gauge is an apparatus for measuring the pressure of the air, and is arranged so that a portion of the air blast, the pressure of which it is desired to ascer- tain, is led to the gauge, and the position of the mercury or water indicates the pressure of the air in inches of water, or in ounces. These, with the finest tachometers for indicating rotation speeds, and steam and brake indicators for measuring power of engines, figure conspicuously in our testing department. Customers are always welcome to inspect the application and use of these devices at our works during tests of their purchases. New and interesting features may nearly always be seen Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Table of Register Sizes for Given Air Volumes. THE following table gives the sizes of registers or faces of standard manufacture for required volumes of air. Several are mentioned for each stated volume of air, so that the form of the register may be selected to conform as far as possible to the width of the flue on which it is to be placed. All are calculated on a basis of velocity of air through the register of 500 feet per minute, an agreeable and proper velocity for wall registers located 8 feet above the floor, /. e., above heads of people. For floor registers and those located in walls or elsewhere near floor, the velocity should not be over 250 feet per minute. The size of register for such conditions may be easily selected from this table by simply taking the size given for twice the volume of air required. For example, for a size of wall register for 1000 cubic feet per minute at 500 feet per minute velocity, select registers from sizes given opposite 1000 in this table, and for size floor register for 1000 cubic feet per minute at 250 feet per minute velocity, select register from size opposite 2000 in this table. Instead of introducing more than 3000 cubic feet of air per minute into a school, office or church through one register, it is usually preferable to use two or more, thus securing more even distribution. Air per Minute Sizes of Registers, in Inches Air per Minute Sizes of Registers, in Inches 100 6x 10 1550 18 x 36 24x27 27x27 24x30 150 6x 10 7 x 10 1600 18 x36 24x27 27x27 24 x 30 200 6x 14 8x 10 8x 12 1650 24x30 27x27 250 6x 18 8x 15 9x 12 10 x 12 1700 24x30 27x27 300 8 x 15 9x14 10 x 12 10 x 14 1750 24x30 27x27 24x32 350 8 x 18 9x16 10 x 16 12 x 12 1800 24x32 24x30 27x27 24x32 400 8 x21 9x20 10 x 18 12 x 15 1850 24x32 24x30 27x27 24x32 450 8 x24 9 x20 10x20 12 x 17 1900 ' 24x32 24x30 27x27 24x32 500 12 x 18 12 x 19 14 x 16 1950 24x32 24x30 27x27 24 x 32 550 12 x 19 12x20 14 x 18 2000 24x32 24x36 30x30 600 12x20 12x24 14x20 16 x 16 2050 24x32 24x36 30x30 650 12x24 14x20 16 x 16 16 x 18 ; 2100 24x36 30x30 700 12x24 14x22 16 x 18 2150 24x36 30x30 750 14x22 16 x 18 16x20 18x18 2200 24 x 36 30x30 27 x38 800 12x30 16x22 18 x21 2250 24x36 30x30 27x38 850 12x30 16x22 16x24 18 x21 2300 30x30 27x38 900 12x36 15x25 16x24 18 x21 2350 30x30 27x38 24 x 45 30 x 36 950 12x36 16x28 18 x24 20x20 2400 27x38 24x45 30x36 1000 12x36 16x28 18 x24 20x24 2450 27 x 38 24x45 30 x 36 1050 18 x24 20x24 2500 24x45 30x36 1100 20x24 18x27 2550 24x45 30x36 1150 16x32 18x27 20x24 2600 24x45 30x36 1200 18x27 18x30 20x26 2650 24x45 30x36 1250 16x32 18x30 20x26 24x24 2700 24x45 30x36 1300 18x30 20x26 24x24 2750 24x45 30x36 30x42 1350 18x30 21 x29 24x24 2800 24 x45 30x36 30x42 1400 21 x29 18 x36 2850 24 x45 30x36 30x42 1450 18x36 21 x29 24x27 2900 24x45 30x36 30x42 1500 18 x36 21 x29 24x27 2950 30x42 332 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Data for Determining Sizes of Main and Branch Pipes and Flues. M OST rules published by others involve arbitrary constants and tables, without giving the basic formula or reasons in determining flue, register and pipe sizes. Architects, engineers and intelligent designers of heating systems produce the most efficient arrangements only when the hypothesis of calculations is understood. The essential basic data is given below, and while its application requires some more figuring than merely taking sizes from tables, the whys and where- fores are known, and in this knowledge there is considerable satisfaction. The sizes of air conveying ducts from fans or heaters to vertical induction flues, and the sizes of these flues, depend upon the velocities of the flowing air in such ducts and flues. The essential factors in determining these velocities are : the limitations of economical rotary speed of fans from the standpoint of power ; the limitations of air velocities on account of noise, by reason of increas- ing friction as velocities increase ; the limitations of velocity of inflowing air through registers into rooms ; the desirability of as high a velocity of air as is permissible under the limitations referred to, in order to get as quick a conveyance of heat units from the heater to the rooms to be heated as possible ; and the necessary initial and intermediate velocities to overcome the resistances existing in each particular system or case. It is difficult to set forth any rules for figuring pipe sizes which are more than general statements, as the last named factor varies with nearly every plant. Experience has shown that for induction flues in walls of buildings like schools, churches, office buildings, etc., a flue velocity from 576 to 720 feet per minute, and velocity through registers into rooms of from 350 to 576 feet per minute, and for floor registers an even lower velocity of 288 feet per minute, are desirable. Floor registers should be avoided in every possible instance. The fan should be selected with a blast wheel of such size as to require a peripheral travel of not over 2585 feet per minute, to deliver the required volume of air into the building not "free delivery" and the main duct in the system should be figured with a velocity of 1800 to 2500 feet per minute. The branch ducts to flues should be figured at velocities of from 1000 to 1500 feet per minute, depending on their distances from the fan, and the intermediate main ducts should be proportioned at velocities gradually reducing from 1800 to 2500 in main near fan, to the extreme end at 1000 to 1500, the extreme end being taken really as a branch duct. The lesser velocity of the extremes given above should be used, except in cases of great lengths of pipe and a multiplicity of elbows and turns. The most careful attention should be given to the form of the piping or ducts. Round pipes are the best, square next best, and rectangular pipes should always be made as nearly square as possible. No branches should leave mains at right angles, but should branch off at an angle of 45 with easy radius curves in all cases. No 90 elbows should be made with less than seven pieces, or less inside radius than the diameter of the pipe. No 45 degree elbow should be made of less than four pieces. Each and every branch air duct to flues should have a damper near base of flue, and at every " Y" in the system of air conduits or ducts there should be placed a "baffle plate" or " fender" (see cut page 335). All these dampers and fenders should be adjustable and fixable at any point within their range of motion. These dampers and fenders should be " set " 333 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Supply Flue Capacities, Corresponding Vent Flues, with Registers and Faces. Size, H. A. F. Sin. 9 In. 10 in. 19 in. 13 in. 14 in. 15 in. 16 in. 18 in. 8iu. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 355 8x 18 6x 7 8x 12 400 9 x20 6x8 9 x 14 440 10x20 6x 9 9 x 16 532 12 x 19 7x 9 9x 18 577 12x20 8x9 9x 18 621 14x20 7x11 11 x 17 666 14x22 7x 12 12 x 17 710 16 x 18 8x11 12 x 18 800 18x21 8x 12 14 x 18 9 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 400 8 x21 6x8 8x 15 450 9x20 6x 9 9 x 14 500 10x20 7x 9 9x 16 600 12x20 8x9 9x 18 650 12x24 8x 10 10x20 700 14x22 7x 12 12 x 17 750 14x22 8x11 12 x 17 800 16x22 8x 12 12 x 19 900 18x21 9 x 12 14 x 18 10 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 440 8 x24 7x 8 8 x 18 500 10x20 7x9 9 x 16 555 10x22 7x9 10 x 16 666 12x24 8 x 10 10 x20 721 12x24 9x 10 10x20 777 12x30 8 x 12 12x20 832 15x25 7x14 14 x 18 888 16x24 9x 12 14x 18 999 18 x24 10 x 12 12x24 l'4iii. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., " V. R. F., " 532 12 x 19 8x 8 9x 18 600 12x20 8x9 9x 18 666 12x24 8 x 10 10x20 800 12x30 10 x 10 12x20 866 12x36 9 x 12 12x24 933 12x36 9x 12 12x24 1000 12x36 10 x 12 12x24 1066 16x28 12 x 12 12x24 1200 18x30 10 x 15 15x25 13 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., " V. R. F., " 577 12x20 8x9 9x 18 650 12x24 8 x 10 10x20 720 12x24 9 x 10 10x20 866 12x30 9x 12 12x20 938 12x36 10 x 12 12x24 1018 12x36 10 x 12 12x24 1083 12x36 11 x 12 12x24 1155 16x32 12 x 12 12x30 1300 18 x30 10 x 15 15x25 14 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 620 14 x20 7x11 11 x 17 700 14 x22 7x 12 12 x 17 777 14 x22 8 x 12 12 x 17 933 12x36 9x 12 12x24 1012 12x36 10 x 12 12x24 1088 12x36 11 x 12 12x24 1165 12x36 12 x 12 12x24 1243 16x32 12 x 13 12x30 1398 18x36 lOx 16 16x28 15 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 666 14x22 7x 12 12 x 17 750 14x22 8 x 12 12 x 17 832 15x25 7x 14 14 x 18 1000 12x36 10 x 12 12x24 1083 12x36 11 x 12 12x24 1165 12x36 12 x 12 12x24 1248 12x36 12 x 13 12x24 1332 16x32 12 x 13 12x30 1498 18 x36 11 x 16 16x28 16 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 710 16x20 7x 12 12 x 18 800 16x22 8x 12 12 x 19 888 16x24 8 x 14 14 x 18 1066 16 x28 12 x 12 12x24 1155 16x32 12 x 12 12x30 1243 16x32 12 x 13 12x30 1332 16x32 12 x 13 12x30 1420 16x32 12 x 14 12x30 1597 18x36 12 x 16 16x28 18 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F.. " V. R. P., " 800 18x21 7 x 14 14 x 18 900 18x21 8 x 14 14 x 18 999 18x24 10 x 12 12x24 1200 18x27 12 x 12 12x30 1300 18x30 lOx 15 15x25 1398 18x36 10 x 16 16x28 1498 18x36 11 x 16 16x28 1597 18x36 12 x 16 16x28 1798 18x36 14 x 16 16x28 20 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 888 20x20 7x 14 14x20 999 18x24 10 x 12 12x24 1110 20x24 8x 16 16x20 1332 18x30 11 x 15 15 x25 1443 18x36 11 x 16 16x28 1554 18x36 12 x 16 16x28 1665 18x36 13 x 16 16x28 1776 18x36 13 x 16 16x28 1998 24x30 13x 18 18x27 22 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., " V. R. F., " 976 18 x24 9 x 12 12x24 1098 18x27 11 x 12 12x30 1220 20x26 9x 16 16x22 1464 21 x29 11 x 16 16x28 1586 18x36 12 x 16 16x28 1708 18x36 13 x 16 16x28 1830 18x36 14 x 16 16x28 1952 24x30 13 x 18 18x27 2197 24x30 15 x 18 18x27 24 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., V. R. F., " 1066 20 x24 8x 16 16x20 1194 20x26 9x 16 16x24 1333 24x24 10 x 16 16x24 1600 24x27 12 x 16 16x28 1732 24x30 12 x 18 18x27 1866 24x30 13 x 18 18 x27 2000 24x32 I5x 16 16x32 2132 24x36 14 x 18 18 x36 2400 24x45 12x24 24x30 26 in. CAP. H. A. R., inches V. F., " V. R. F., " 1154 20x26 9 x 16 16x22 1298 24x24 10 x 16 16x24 1443 24x27 11 x 16 16 x28 1732 24x30 11 x 18 18x27 1876 24x30 13 x 18 18 x27 2020 24x32 15x 16 16x32 2164 24x36 14 x 18 18x36 2309 24 x36 15 x 18 18x36 2597 24x45 13x24 24x30 CAP.=Cubic feet of air per minute. H. A. R.=Hot Air Register. V. F.=Vent Flue. V. R. F.=Vent Register Face. Flues figured 800 feet per minute velocity. Hot Air Registers figured 500 feet per minute velocity. 334 Hot Air Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Data for Determining Sizes of Main and Branch Pipes and Flues. Continued. upon completion of the system at the times of the air test. These dampers are vitally important in securing the proper distribution and velocities. Hot air pipes ordinarily should be covered with one or more coats of asbestos or magnesia covering. Vent or eduction flues and registe rs should be 2 /2> to y tne area f tne induction flue and register areas. For velocities in ducts, flues and inlets, and for peripheral travel of fan wheel for factory building fan system plants, the velocities should be practically twice those given above for public buildings, the offices in said factories being, of course, excepted, they being figured same as public buildings. Correct flue areas are obtained by dividing the amount of air to be handled by the velocity, and adding a sufficient per cent, for friction. Take, for example, a 3000-ft. velocity divided into 6000-ft. requirements ; this gives 2 square feet of area for each division, to which add 20 per cent, for friction (an average allowance) ; this would afford flues with 2.4 square feet area. In other cases, the same conditions hold equally good, /'. e. , divide air required per minute by the velocity, which gives the effective area, then add a safe per cent, for friction. The application of the data on velocities herewith given would be as follows : First, determine the volume of air per minute desired to be moved through each flue, e. g., supposing a ten minutes' change of air is desired in the room supplied by flue, then air per minute is T L of the cubical con- tents of the room. Second, having determined the air per minute per flue, then using the flue velocity given above, determine the area of flue required ; in the same manner ascertain the area of registers. Third, having determined the air per minute for each flue, then add together and get the total air per minute to be moved by the fan ; for the sizes of main ducts and branches at different points, determine the air per minute, to be moved through same at the several points and using the velocities given above. The areas of the ducts are easily figured, area of the duct in square inches always being air per minute multiplied by 144, and then divided by the velocity. Equalizer for Regulating Air Currents. 335 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Diameter of Pipes for Given Air Volumes and Velocities. THIS table specifies the diameters of pipes required for the passage of stated volumes of air at given velocities. The column, " Cubic feet of air per minute " indicates various quantities of air to be moved per minute. The columns of velocities at top of table give the velocities in feet per minute at which the air is to be moved, and the figures in the body of the table state the required diameters of pipes for the passage of the volumes mentioned at the given velocities. For example, it is desired to find the diameter of a pipe for 10,000 cubic feet per minute at 1500 feet per minute veloc- ity. Looking down the column of volumes at left hand side of table, we find 10,000; then in the column in body of table, on same horizontal line as the 10,000, having 1500 at its head at top of table, we find 36, which is the diameter in inches of pipe required. Allowance for friction should be made in long pipes (see table of " Friction of air in pipes ") . Cubic Feet of Air per Minute VELOCITIES o r- o o o o c o !-( o 1H H i rH o o o N 9* N N o o o M o *5 n o o i 200 9 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 30O 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 400 13 11 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 500 14 13 12 11 11 10 9 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 600 15 14 13 12 11 11 10 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 70O 16 15 14 13 12 12 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 6 80O 18 16 15 14 13 13 12 10 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 900 19 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 8 7 1OOO 20 18 16 16 15 14 13 12 10 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 1100 21 19 18 16 16 15 13 12 11 11 10 9 9 9 8 8 1200 21 20 18 17 16 15 14 13 11 11 10 10 9 9 9 8 13OO 22 20 19 18 17 16 15 13 12 11 11 10 10 10 9 8 1400 23 21 20 18 17 16 15 14 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 1500 24 22 20 19 18 17 16 14 13 12 12 11 10 10 9 9 16OO 25 23 21 20 18 18 16 15 13 13 12 11 11 11 10 9 17OO 25 24 21 20 19 18 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 10 9 1800 26 24 22 21 20 19 17 15 14 13 13 12 11 11 10 10 190O 27 24 23 21 20 19 18 16 14 14 13 12 12 11 10 10 20OO 28 25 23 22 21 20 18 16 15 14 13 13 12 12 11 10 2100 28 26 24 22 21 20 18 16 15 14 14 13 12 12 11 10 2200 29 27 24 23 22 21 19 17 15 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 23OO 30 27 25 23 22 21 19 17 16 15 15 13 13 12 11 11 240O 30 28 25 24 23 21 20 18 16 15 15 14 13 13 12 11 25OO 31 28 26 24 23 22 20 18 16 16 15 14 13 13 12 11 26OO 31 29 27 25 23 22 20 18 17 16 15 15 14 13 12 11 2700 32 29 27 25 24 23 21 19 17 16 15 15 14 13 12 12 2800 33 30 28 26 24 23 21 19 18 16 16 15 14 14 13 12 2900 33 30 28 26 25 24 22 19 18 17 16 15 14 14 13 12 300O 34 31 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 17 16 15 15 14 13 12 31OO 34 31 29 27 26 24 22 20 18 17 17 15 15 14 13 12 32OO 34 32 30 28 26 25 23 20 19 18 17 15 15 15 13 13 3300 35 32 30 28 26 25 23 21 19 18 17 16 15 15 14 13 340O 36 33 30 28 27 25 23 21 19 18 17 16 15 15 14 13 3500 36 33 31 29 27 26 24 21 19 18 18 16 16 15 14 13 336 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Diameter of Pipes for Given Air Volumes and Velocities Continued. Cubic Feet of Air per Minute VELOCITIES o o c 1 r- o o at o o a H H a rH o o H (M o N N N o M o o 10 M 9 360O 37 34 31 29 28 26 24 21 20 19 18 16 16 15 14 13 3700 37 34 32 30 28 27 24 22 20 19 18 17 16 16 14 14 3800 38 35 32 30 28 27 25 22 21 19 18 17 16 16 15 14 39OO 38 35 32 30 29 27 25 22 21 19 19 17 16 16 15 14 4000 39 35 33 31 29 28 25 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 4100 39 36 33 31 29 28 26 23 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 43OO 40 36 34 32 30 28 26 23 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 430O 40 37 34 32 30 29 26 23 21 20 19 18 17 17 15 15 4400 41 . 37 34 32 30 29 26 24 22 21 20 18 17 17 16 15 45OO 41 38 35 33 31 29 27 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 46OO 42 38 35 33 31 30 27 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 4700 42 38 36 34 31 30 27 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 4800 42 39 36 34 32 30 28 25 22 21 20 19 18 18 16 15 4900 43 39 36 34 32 30 28 25 23 22 21 19 18 18 16 16 5000 43 40 37 34 32 31 28 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 5100 43 40 37 35 33 31 28 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 53OO 44 40 37 35 33 31 29 25 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 53OO 45 41 38 35 33 32 29 26 24 23 22 20 19 18 17 16 540O 38 35 33 32 29 26 24 23 22 21 19 18 18 16 5500 38 36 34 32 29 26 24 23 22 21 19 18 18 16 5600 39 36 34 33 30 27 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 5700 39 37 34 33 30 27 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 580O 39 37 35 33 30 27 25 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 5900 40 37 36 33 30 27 25 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 6000 40 38 36 34 31 28 25 24 23 21 20 20 18 17 61OO 40 38 36 34 31 28 25 24 23 21 20 20 18 17 62OO 41 38 36 34 31 28 25 24 23 21 21 20 18 17 630O 41 38 36 34 31 28 25 24 23 22 21 20 18 17 640O 41 39 37 35 32 28 26 25 24 22 21 20 19 18 65OO 41 39 37 36 32 29 26 25 24 22 21 20 19 18 6600 42 39 37 36 32 29 26 25 24 22 21 21 19 18 6700 42 40 37 36 32 29 27 25 24 22 21 21 19 18 68OO 43 40 38 36 33 29 27 25 24 23 21 21 19 18 6900 43 40 38 36 33 30 27 25 24 23 21 21 19 18 7000 43 40 38 36 33 30 27 26 24 23 22 21 19 18 7100 44 41 38 37 33 30 27 26 25 23 22 21 20 18 7200 44 41 39 37 34 30 28 26 25 23 22 21 20 19 730O 44 41 39 37 34 30 28 26 25 24 22 21 20 19 7400 44 41 39 37 34 30 28 27 25 24 22 21 20 19 7500 45 42 40 38 34 31 28 27 25 24 22 21 20 19 7600 45 42 40 38 34 31 28 27 25 24 23 22 20 19 7700 45 42 40 38 35 31 28 27 26 24 23 22 21 19 7800 46 43 40 38 36 31 29 27 26 24 23 22 21 19 79OO 46 43 40 39 36 31 29 27 26 24 23 22 21 19 8000 46 43 41 39 36 32 29 28 26 25 24 22 21 20 8100 39 36 32 29 28 26 25 24 23 21 20 82OO 39 36 32 29 28 27 25 24 23 21 20 8300 40 36 32 30 28 27 25 24 23 21 20 840O 40 36 33 30 28 27 25 24 23 21 20 850O 1 40 36 33 30 28 27 25 24 23 21 20 337 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Diameter of Pipes for Given Air Volumes and Velocities Continued. Cubic VELOCITIES Cubic VELOCITIES Feet of Air per Minute o o o o o N 10 o o 00 o o o o o o K3 o o 90 o o o Feet of Air per Minute c o * o o 3 o | o o o 90 | o c i-l r4 !-( M w * H H N N N 9 CO * 8600 40 37 33 30 29 27 25 24 23 21 20 28500 73 66 60 54 52 49 46 44 42 39 37 8700 40 37 33 30 29 27 25 24 24 21 20 29OOO 73 67 60 55 52 50 47 44 42 39 37 88OO 41 37 33 30 29 28! 26 24 24 22 21 ! 2950O 74 68 60 55 52 50 47 44 43 40 37 89OO 41 37 33 30 29 28 26 24 24 22 21 i 30000 75 68 61 56 53 50 47 45 43 40 38 90OO 41 38 34 31 29 28 26 25 24 22 21 3O50O 75 69 62 56 53 51 48 45 44 40 38 9100 41 38 34 31 29 28 26 25 24 22 21 31000 76 69 62 57 54 51 48 45 44 41 38 92OO 41 38 34 31 30 28 26 25 24 22 21 31500 76 70 63 57 54 52 49 46 44 41 38 9300 42 38 34 31 30 28 27 25 24 22 21 3200O 77 70 63 57 55 52 49 46 45 41 39 94OO 42 38 34 31 30 28 27 25 24 22 21 325OO 78 71 63 58 55 52 49 47 45 42 39 950O 42 39 i34 31 30 29 27 25 24 23 21 ; 33OOO 78 72 64 58|56 53 50 47 45 42 39 96OO 42 39 35 32 30 29 27 25 25 23 21 : 33500 79 72 64 59 56 53 50 47 46 42 40 9700 43 39 35 32 30 29 27 25 25 23 21 34OOO 79 73 65 59 56 54 50 48 1 46 43 40 9800 43- 39 36 32 30 29 27 26 25 23 21 34500 80 73 65 60 57 54 51 48 ^46 43 40 99OO 43 39 36 32 30 29 27 26 25 23 21 350OO 81 74 66 60 57 54 51 48i47 43 40 1OOOO 43 j 40 36 32 31 29 28 26 25 23 22 355OO 81 74 66 61 57 55 52 49 47 44 41 1O500 44 41 36 32 31 30 28 27 26 24 22 36000 82 75 67 61 '58 55 52 49 47 44 41 11000 45 41 37 33 31 31 29 27 26 24 23 " 36500 82 75 67 61 58 56 52 49 48 44 41 11500 46 42 37 34 32 31 30 28 27 25 23 370OO 83 76 68 62 59 56 52 50 48 44 42 12OOO 47 43 39 35 34 32 30 28 28 25 24 37500 83 76 68 62 59 56 53 50 48 45 42 125OO 48 44 40 36 34 33 31 30 28 26 24 38OOO 84 77 69 63 '60 57 53 50 49 45 42 13OOO 49 45 40 37 35 33 31 30 29 27 25, 38500 85 77 69 63 60 57 54 51 49 45 42 13500 50 46 41 38 35 34 32 30 29 27 25 390OO 85 78 70 63 60 57 54 51 49 46 43 14000 51 47 42 38 36 34 33 31 30 28 26 395OO 86 78 70 64 61 58 54 51 50 46 43 14500 52 47 42 39 37 35 33 31 30 28 26 400OO 86 79 71 64 61 58 55 52 50 46 43 15OOO 53 48 43 40 38 36 34 32 31 28 27 4050O 87 79 71 65 61 59 55 52 50 46 44 1550O 54 49 44 40 38 36 35 32 31 29 27 41OOO 87 79 71 65 62 59 55 52 50 47 44 160OO 55 50 45 41 39 37 35 33 32 29 28 41500 88 80 72 65 62 59 56 52 50 47 44 165OO 56 51 45 41 39 38 36 33 32 30 28 42OOO 88 81 72 66 63 60 56 53 51 47 44 17OOO 56 51 46 42 40 38 36 34 33 30 28 425OO 89 81 73 66,63 60 56 53 51 48 44 17500 57 52 47 43 40 39 37 34 33 31 29 430OO 89 82 73 66 63 60 57. 53 51 48 44 18000 58 53 47 43 41 39 37 35 34 31 29 4350O 90 82 73 67 63 61 57 53 51 48 45 185OO 59 54 48 44 42 40 38 35 34 31 30 44OOO 90 82 74 67 64 61 57 54 52 48 45 19OOO 60 54 49 44 42 40 38 35 34 32 30 4450O 91 83 74 68 64 61 58 54 52 49 46 19500 60 55 49 45 43 41 39 36 35 32 30 45OOO 91 83 75 68 65 62 58 55 53 49 46 2OOOO 61 56 50 46 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 455OO 92 84 75 68 65 62 58 55 53 49 46 2O50O 62 56 50 46 44 42 39 37 36 33 31 46OOO 93 84 75 69 65 62 59 55 53 50 46 21OOO 63 57 51 47 44 42 40 38 36 34 31 4650O 93 85 76 69 66 63 59 56 54 50 47 21500 63 58 52 47 45 43 40 38 37 34 32 47OOO 93 85 76 70 66 63 59 56 54 50 47 2200O 64 58 52 48 45 43 41 38 37 34 32 475OO 94 86 77 70 66 63 60 56 54 50 47 22500 65 59 53 48 46 44 41 39 38 35 33 48OOO 95 86 77 70 67 64 60 56 55 50 47 23000 65 60 53 49 46 44 42 39 38 35 33 48500 95 87 77 71 67 64 60 57 55 51 47 2350O 66 60 54 49 47 45 42 40 38 35 33 49OOO 95 87 78 71 68 64 60 57 55 51 48 24000 67 61 55 50 47 45 42 40 39 36 34 495OO 96 87 78 72 68 65 61 57 56 51 48 24500 68 62 55 50 48 45 43 40 39 36 34 5OOOO 96 88 79 72 68 65 61 58 56 51 48 25000 68 62 56 51 48 46 43 41 40 37 34 50500 97 88 79 72 68 65 61 58 56 52 49 255OO 69 63 56 51 49 46 44 41 40 37 34 51000 97 89 79 73 69 66 62 58 56 52 49 26OOO 70 63 57 52 49 47 44 42 40 38 35 51500 98 89 80 73 69 66 62 58 56 52 49 265OO 70 64 57 52 50 47 45 42 41 38 35 52000 98 90 80 73 70 66 62 59 57 53 49 27OOO 71 65 58 53 50148 45 42 41 38 36 52500 99 90 81 74 70 67 63 59 57 53 50 27500 72 65 58 53 51 48 ! 45 43 41 38 36 53000 99 90 81 74 70 67 63 59 57 53 50 28OOO 72 1 66 59 54 51 49 46 43 42 39 i 36 53500 91 81 74 70 67 63 60 58 53 50 338 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Diameter of Pipes for Given Air Volumes and Velocities Continued. Cubic VELOCITIES Cubic VELOCITIES. Feet of Air per Minute coo coo N mXi v mxi JJ DXl (UXI Diameter of 4% 5 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 4 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 6 6% 6% 6% 7 4% 5 5% 6 A I/* Dyg 6%" 7 7% 7% 7% 5 5% 6 6% 6^ 7% 7% 7^" 8% 8% 8% 6 6% 7 7% p O j / 9 9% 9^ 10% 10% 7 7% 8% 8% 9% 10 10% 10% 11% 11^ 12% 8 10% 1- ai 5 oo E c " 4 CU Ox! -xf CN CO r-. CN c to rt i C ex n C M r N .' CJ o ex -* i - CN m fx. (N rx, xfl ox -J ' - 05 C c ~~ o CJ r~ o CU cu r" o M i ts * in rx s - rt rt -o rt a >, 30 o *- rt CX _ > I] C rt fN LO CO CN xf O o * * 1 (U t: c vO C , e tu to 3 h co o o CXO J! CN CO LO ^ CJx CN o _5 : \ Pi a) "> t! 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O o a; 2 O ~ 3 H iH^S II ll II f 1] 1111 11 Christ M. E. Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. ARCHITECTS, WEARY & KRAMER. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM. BUFFALO FORCE COMPANY. CONTRACTORS, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Churches. ARCHITECTS, VRYDACH & WOLFE. Calvary M. E. Church, Allegheny, Pa. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. CONTRACTORS, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. 373 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to AL Churches. ARCHITECT AND DESIGNER OF SYSTEM, WARREN D. HAYES. CONTRACTORS, C. S. WENTWORTH & CO. (.:;.. . , *-;... ^"> jj Wesley M. E. Church, Minneapolis, Minn. 374 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Churches. Wesley M. E. Church, Minneapolis, Minn. 375 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Churches. Embury Memorial Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. ARCHITECTS, PARF1TT BROS. DESIGNER OF SYSTEM, WALTER E. PARFITT. CONTRACTORS, BAKER, SMITH & CO. 376 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Churches. OF ALL places of assembly, the church requires the greatest care in planning the system of heating and ventilation. The treatment must primarily depend upon the design. When large domes or stained glass windows enter as prominent architectural features, provision must be made to obviate cold drafts in severe weather, caused by warm air from the heating apparatus com- ing in contact therewith, and immediately condensing and falling about the heads and shoulders of the audience. Again, in the matter of noise the church, of all buildings, is the most exacting. Air cur- rents must be introduced at so low a velocity as to be imperceptible, and the operation of the fan motor be it steam, electric, or water must be inaudible. Magnificent edifices everywhere in the country testify to the unequalled efficiency of the Buffalo Fan System, and that this house has had the most extended experience in installing and designing adequate heating and ventilating equipments. With the amphitheater style of church construction, the application will be very similar to that of the theater. A favorite and growing method of air introduction is through numerous small regis- ters or openings of special design placed in pew ends. The sides and ends of pulpit platforms are utilized to good advantage, especially where floors are practically level. There is an increasing tendency toward keeping church auditoriums constantly warm all the week, although not used daily for services. Expensive organs are best preserved in uniform good tone and action by an invariable even temperature. Where desired, arrangements may be made to heat the pastor's study, parlors, lecture and committee rooms by direct radiation, without running the fan. While in the occasional warming of unimportant rooms, ventilation is not an all-essential feature, at the same time provision may be made for supplying fresh air to these rooms when the fan is in motion. The fan system affords possibilities beyond the bounds of any other apparatus for warming a cold building in a short time, in severe weather. This occurs by the frequent change of air in the building, incident to continuous action of the fan. A slight pressure being thus maintained, there are no cold corners or sections of the auditorium. This quick heating of the church, as against the necessity of running other types of apparatus several days previous to occupancy in coldest weather, affords great economy in fuel. Where churches have their own electric light plant, the exhaust steam from the dynamo engine is utilized in the heater. The pure air of church buildings ventilated and heated by the Buffalo Fan System presents a marked contrast to the vitiated atmosphere of those not having mechanical ventilation. The cut on page 375 gives a very clear illustration as to the location and arrangement of apparatus, course of air piping, position of hot air registers, etc., in the Wesley M. E. Church, Minneapolis, Minn. In its entirety, the heating and ventilating system was designed by the architect when the building was erected. The arrangement is such that the Sunday school and main auditorium may be thrown into one open space when desired. The outfit includes a 140-in. Buffalo Steel Plate Fan, capable of moving 95,160 cu. ft. of air per minute at 1 oz. pressure. It is beyond the capacity of this book to present detailed engravings of installations in churches of varied architectural features. Architects, committees and others will be cheerfully furnished with complete detailed drawings and specifications of plants in operation, upon request. 377 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Public Buildings. ARCHITECT, JAS. w. MCLAUGHLIN The Y. M. C. A., Cincinnati, Ohio. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. 378 CONTRACTORS, M. H. CRANE ESTATE. Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Legislative Buildings. Lucas County Court House, Toledo, Ohio. ARCHITECT, D. L. STINE. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. CONTRACTORS, SHAW-KENDALL ENGINEERING CO. 379 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Office Buildings. 1.1 11 Jl n ID m If innrrrrrfrrrrr;; ARCHITECTS, GREEN & WICKS. Real Estate Exchange, Buffalo, N. Y. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. 380 CONTRACTORS, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Office and Legislative Buildings, Theaters, etc. THE court houses, theaters, asylums, hospitals, buildings occupying complete blocks, railway sta- tions, and other structures illustrated by the half-tone engravings appearing on accompanying pages, are merely presented as showing the diversity, the extent and character of the work placed by this house. To publish engravings of details fully covering each installation is not feasible, owing to the amount of space required. We will at all times be pleased to forward to interested par- ties, complete specifications and blue prints of heating and ventilating plants in operation, and which have stood the test for years. Architects, engineers and other designers will find such data a most valuable guide. The kind of building should be mentioned, and an approximate idea of its size be given, to enable a selection from our drawing room files of corresponding capacity and requirements. The Buffalo Real Estate Exchange (see opposite page), containing 1017 offices, is heated and ventilated by the Buffalo Fan System. It is a radical departure from the ordinary office building heating methods, /. e., direct steam without mechanical ventilation. The first practical example of fan system heating work ever used in a commercial building was installed by this house several years ago, and the present revolution in these matters dates from that time. Hitherto, a positive supply of fresh air, invariably at the right degree for comfort in an office building, had never been known. The value of the fan system may at once be calculated in dollars and cents. Buildings thus outfitted command higher rents, and the best class of tenants, with a wonderful saving in fuel. The usual space required for radiators and pipe lines is saved, and there are innumerable other equally potent advantages. The Real Estate Exchange contains about 900,000 cubical contents. Two 150-inch fans are employed, driven by direct connected 10x10 Buffalo Horizontal Center Crank Engines. The coils contain a total of 20,400 feet of fan system heater, and are divided with valves into 24 separate sec- tions. The air supply, taken from the roof, first passes over the tempering coils, then through our patented air washing device and heaters into the fans, from there being delivered to the offices. The temperature of each room is controlled by electric thermostats. Hot and cold air ducts are provided with mixing dampers, so that any floor may be supplied with warm or cool air, independent of other floors. This heating and ventilating plant will be found an interesting study to architects, engineers, owners and projectors of public buildings, who are unacquainted with installation features of the fan system into commercial buildings. The subject of sanitary heating and ventilating of prisons, penitentiaries and legislative buildings is an interesting one to the heating and ventilating engineer. It is a field which affords excellent opportunity for the development of practical applications. The first named institutions are frequently too small for the requirements, and are generally crowded with the lowest class of people. The prison cells require a bountiful fresh air supply, warmed in winter, and unwarmed in summer, so arranged as to provide thorough distribution and a rapid removal of the polluted atmosphere. The court house presents conditions which* at certain times for example, during a sensational criminal trial call for like treatment. The effect of vile odors and rampant disease germs can only be dispelled by introducing fresh air in large volumes and rapidly expelling vitiated atmospheres. 381 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Legislative Buildings. Williams County Court House, Bryan, Ohio. ARCHITECTS, E. O. FALLIS & CO. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. CONTRACTORS, SHAW-KENDALL ENGINEERING CO. 382 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Asylums. Buffalo State Insane Hospital. ARCHITECTS, GREEN & WICKS, W. W. CARLIN, AND I. G. PERRY. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY CONTRACTORS, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, 383 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Theaters, etc. Baltimore Music Hall, Baltimore, Md. ARCHITECT, T. HENRY RANDALL. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM. BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. CONTRACTORS, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. 384 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Commercial Blocks, Theaters, etc. Piii* J * r > * , .. tl IIII FEECFfri , The Valentine Theater, Store and Office Building, Toledo, Ohio. ARCHITECTS, E. O. FALLIS & CO. DESIGNERS OF SYSTEM, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. CONTRACTORS, SHAW-KENDALL ENGINEERING CO. 385 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Theaters, etc. The Chicago Auditorium, Chicago, 111. ARCHITECTS, ADLER & SULLIVAN. DESIGNER OF SYSTEM, I. LINCOLN, JR. CONTRACTORS, BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. 386 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to t ] Passenger Stations. ARCHITECT AND DESIGNER OF SYSTEM, THEODORE C. LINK. CONTRACTORS, AMERICAN HEATING COMPANY. New Union R. R. Station, St. Louis. ARCHITECT, F. L. LAWRENCE. DESIGNERS AND CONTRACTORS OF SYSTEM, McGINNESS-SMITH CO. Louisville & Nashville Union Station, Louisville, Ky. 387 s 1) +-> c/) CO CQ CD a. a. LU OJ 0. Cfl k> a. c o GJD X k. o b)0 C c OJ q cti bJO .s -J 03 CO OQ fcJD C 3 CQ UO 1 C 03 u ES UOIJDSg Ti OJ H W X C/) . c CD O. O 389 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to a Bonded Warehouse. Ware House B, End View of Apparatus Showing Hot Air inlets to Ware Houses Side View Showing Heating Apparatus Building Partially and also the Side of Ware House A. Air Pipes Arranged to Comply with U. S. Government Regulations. 39 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Factory Buildings. BUILDINGS used for manufacturing purposes vary so greatly in form and requirements that it is here impossible to describe at length applications suited to all conditions. The illustra- tions show ordinary arrangements. The apparatus design readily lends itself to every form and type of mill construction. Upon request, drawings of heating and ventilating apparatus in any line of industry, giving a comprehensive idea of applications to similar buildings, will be supplied to intending purchasers, with a list of like manufactories similarly outfitted. The features which have attended the rapid introduction of the Buffalo Fan System into the largest manufactories throughout the continent, briefly enumerated, are as follows : Comparatively low initial cost, minimum expense for running, freedom of expense for repairs, great uniformity of temperature throughout the space heated, benefits derived from ventilation, both in summer and winter, and freedom from fire. The fan system is now generally used for industrial buildings of all kinds and requirements. From the cotton mill with its thousands of employees and millions of cubical contents, to the small tool factory, it is always first in mind when the heating equipment is discussed. The architect, too, provides the proper flues, obviating cumbersome galvanized iron pipes The amount of air delivered into a factory for heating usually is in excess of that actually required for proper ventilation, the occupants, as a rule, being separated. In such cases economy is secured by using over again a portion of the air previously heated. This is generally accomplished by drawing the air to the fan down through stairways or openings provided especially for the purpose. In one-story buildings, dampers or doors may be so arranged that part of the air entering the fan may be taken from the outside, and the balance from the apparatus room or mill itself. Sufficient area should be provided for taking all the air from out-of-doors in summer. The area of the return air duct should always be ample for taking the entire supply from the mill, when desirable ; for example, in extremely cold weather, and where the apparatus is run nights. Where industrial build- ings are of such construction that fans and heaters are placed upon elevated platforms or trusses, and cranes or other machinery prevent the air delivery pipes extending down to a reasonable height above the floor line, the connection for the air supply to the heater must be carried down near the floor line of building, in order that the circulation may be uniform and complete. Such installations usually occur in one-story buildings. Vent flues, for the removal of vitiated air, are seldom provided in mill construction, for opening doors and crevices about windows, etc., afford ample escape of the foul air. Where such egress is limited, provision for its exit must accordingly be made. In cotton, silk, textile mills and other like industries with a large number of occupants, in order to maintain an excellent standard of ventilation, it is usually advisable to take the entire source of air supply directly from out-of-doors. Apparatus arrangement and construction in all mills pro- vide for the use of available exhaust and live steam, where required. Industrial buildings with large open space or unpartitioned areas are now heated by apparatus arranged similar to the illustration on page 389 without any piping system. Uniform circulation occurs by taking the cold air from the floor line, and the constant action of the fan, which thoroughly diffuses the warmed air. 39i Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to the Gallery Type of Factories. The Gallery Type of Factories. Elevation. / { STORAGE ROOM i BLACKSMITH SHOP tt i ENGINE ROOM BOILER ROOM The Gallery Type of Factories. Plan. 392 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to a Shoe Factory. B tfl 1 ' ( T jf ' 1 K ft rr V- 14 /T 4. ii Sectional Elevation, Showing Air Pipe, Outlets, Etc. 393 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Factories. A Triangular Printery. Plan. 394 Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, Application to Factories. 7 1 \ a ) V . _ '( \ 3 rd Floor f*t T>x < Stand P'ipe A. on 2nd- Floor Same arrangement on 3rd. & 4th. Floors A Triangular Printery. Sectional Elevation. 395 Catalogues of Various Buffalo Machines, Instructions to Dealers. IN ADDITION to the present complete general catalogue, we publish sectionals, giving full detailed information regarding the various branches of our work. These are for the convenience of dealers, or customers who are not often at one time in the market for several kinds of machinery embraced in our output, therefore are not interested in all of the matter contained herein. Dealers are requested to keep a supply of the various sectional catalogues constantly on hand. In ordering additional copies of any, simply refer to the titles given below, stating the number desired of each. Below we enumerate all the separate regular catalogues : ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE. This is the present book of 400 pages, containing a complete description of all the goods manufactured by us. Bound in full cloth. This catalogue replaces our 1892 edition of 288 pages. "B" 96 ENGINE CATALOGUE, 40 pages, contains a complete description of all Buffalo Forge Co.'s engines for electric lighting and power purposes. " C " 96 MECHANICAL DRAFT, contains 24 pages, with a complete description of forced draft and induced draft fans, with illustrations of application. " D " 96. Steel Plate Steam and Pulley Fans, 48 pages. " E " 96. Describes in detail apparatus used in the Buffalo Fan System of Heating and Ventilating, with incidental data relative thereto. 40 pages. " F " 96. Buffalo Fan System Lumber Dry Kilns and Brick Dryers. 24 pages. " G" 96. Buffalo Pulley Disk Wheels. 24 pages, containing application cuts not published in the complete catalogue. "H " 96. Buffalo Planing Mill Exhausters, Countershafts, etc. This catalogue is replete with illustrations and application data. 24 pages. " I " 96. Buffalo Cotton Elevators, Countershafts, etc. 4 pages. " J " 96. Buffalo Steel Pressure Blowers, Countershafts, Blast Gates, etc., with data for blowing cupola furnaces, forge fires, etc. This catalogue also contains illustrations and prices of Blast Gates, Countershafts, etc. 32 pages. "K" 96. Buffalo " B " Volume Blowers and Exhausters, Countershafts, etc. 28 pages. Buffalo Gas Blowers and Exhausters. 8 pages. " M " 96. Catalogue of Stationary Forges for industrial shops and technical schools. 36 pages. Replete with half-tone illustrations of modern forge shops. " N " 96. Describes the 9 designs of Buffalo Heating Forges. 8 pages. '0 " 96. Buffalo Portable Forges, Blacksmith Drills, Punch, Shear and Bar Cutters, Hand Blowers. 24 pages. This catalogue is issued in several 100,000 lots each year, the aim being to reach every blacksmith in the world. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. Keeping always abreast of the times necessitates con- stant improvements in design and construction. Such, with new tools and data, are made the subject of special catalogues and circulars. 396 INDEX. Air, Velocities of 331 Air, Water Column Pressures of 331 Anemometer 330, 331 Angle Iron Cutter 327 Bearings, Oil Ring 76, 79, 188, 189, 225 Blast Gates 230, 231 Blast Pipes, Table Diameter of 341 Blast Wheels, Measurements of 180 Blowers and Exhausters, Suggestions to Purchasers 181 Blowers, "B" Volume 236-243 "B," Table of Capacities for Various Pressures 249 Boiler 236-243 Cupola 206-225 Speeds for 221 Experimental 289 Forge Fires 206-223, 236 Speeds for 223, 249 for Organs 236 Gas 206-225, 236-253 Hand 306-311 Steel Pressure 206-225 Steel Pressure, with Engines. . . . 217-220 Boilers, Table Air and Size of Pipes Required . . 243 Cars, for Brick, Tile, etc 160-162 Churches, Heating and Ven- tilation of . 106-145,370-377 Circles, Area of 342 Cotton Elevators 202-205 Countershafts 226-229 Court Houses, Heating and Ven- tilation of 106-145,379,381,382 Dampers, Air Mixing for Double Duct System 132-135 for Forced Draft 52, 53 Mill Flue 138, 139 Disk Wheels, Capacity Table 175 Disk Wheels, Electric 172-174 Engine . . . 170, 171 Pulley 166-169 Drills, Hand and Power 312-323 Dryers, Brick 154-162 Clay 154-162 Cotton and Woolen Stock 163-165 Glue 178 Laundry 177 Leather 163 Powder 164, 165 Silk 163 Starch 163 Terra Cotta 154-162 Tile 154-162 Tobacco 165 Wood Fiber 163 Dry Kilns, Lumber 146-153 Dust Separators 191 Emery Wheels, Hoods for 250, 251 Engines, Center-crank, Table of Capacities . . 25, 29 Engines and Generators, Direct Connected .... 22 Engines, Automatic Center-crank 14-29 Automatic Double Upright . . . . . 30, 31 Automatic Double Single-acting, Enclosed 32, 33 Automatic Single Upright ... 34, 35 Horizontal Side-crank 10-13 Exhausters, "B" Volume . . . .206-225,236-253 Gas 244-251 Planing Mills 182-201 Planing Mill, Air Capacities 193 Planing Mill, Double 184-187 Shavings 182-201 Factories, Heating and Ven- tilation of 106-121,388-395 Fan System of Heating, Ventilating and Drying 106-165 397 INDEX (CONTINUED.) Fan System Apparatus, Small 108, 109 Double Duct 128, 129 Fans, Steel Plate Steam for Forced Draft . . . 47-54 for Induced Draft . . 36-46 for Mechanical Draft, 36-105 for Ship Ventilation . 54-69 with Double Engines . 54-65 with Single Engines. . 38-44, 68-87 with Pulley 96-105 Fans, } Housing 70-77 Cone 94, 95 Cotton 202-205 Data on Selection 145 Electric 172-174, 232, 233 for Shavings 182-201 Table of, with Proper Size of Heater Coils 142, 143 Mine 88-93 Pulley, with Overhung Wheels. . . . 104, 105 Steam, with Overhung Wheels 36-46 Steel Plate, Proportion Standard of . . . .102 Capacities of 85 for Cooling 96, 166, 236 Flues and Registers, Table of Capacities . . 334 Flues, Data for Determining 333-335 Forges, Down Draft 258-281 Heating 290-293 Hand 294-305 Portable Power. . . . .... 286-289 Portable 294-305 Stationary Blast 265-285 Forge Shops, Railway 266-268 Friction of Air in Pipes, Table of 344-347 Heater Coils, Table of, with Proper Size Fans. 142, 143 Dimensions 121 Heaters, Blow-through Type 114, 116, 117, 128, 129, 131 Heaters, Exhaust-through Type 108, 110, 112, 126, 127, 130 Special Arrangement of 126, 127 Small 106, 109, 122, 123 Fan System, Sectional 118-121 Indirect 122, 123 Steam 118-123' Hygrophants 152, 153 Insane Asylums, Heating and Ventilation of 106-145, 383 Jails, Heating and Ventilation of 368, 381 Lumber Trucks 148 Mill Heating Apparatus 126, 127 Mills, Heating and Ventilation of. . .106-121, 388-395 Office Buildings, Heating and Ven- tilation of . 106-145, 378-386 Pipe, Galvanized, Weights 195 Pipes, Table for Given Air Volumes 336-339 Table for Various Velocities .340 Table for Equalizing Diameters 343 Pumps, Steam 141, 144 Punch. Shear and Bar Cutters 324-326 Railway Stations, Heating and Ven- tilation of 106-145, 387 Register Frames 136, 137 Register Sizes, Table of 332 Schools, Heating and Ventilation of 106-145, 348-367 Technical 256-264 Thermostat Damper Opener. . ... . 134 Theaters, Heating and Ven- tilation of 106-145, 384-386 Tire Upsetters 328, 329 Traps, Steam 140, 141 Tuyeres, Anti-clinking, Dumping 285 Wood-working Machinery, Hoods for .... 196-201 Works of Buffalo Forge Co., Description .... 9 Y. M. C. A's, Heating and Ven- tilation of 106-145, 378 398 Done at DIES & CO.'S ART PRINTERY, BUFFALO, N. Y. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY