Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/chronogramscolleOOhiltrich CHRONOGRAMS COLLECTED FOR VOLUME III. A DUTCH GOLDEN-WEDDING MEMORIAL, (See page 404.) _ _ , 3^M£'Si "i-^jlh^ ^c- ^^c ^t«. ^fe ^fe ^t)% Jfr^ ^fe -^t^ ^c ^fe jfc ;!fc ^t«. ^t«. ^fe ^fe ^fe ^fe ^c Jfc ^t«. ^tu. ^t«. ^fe ^t/?.^^^t«. ^tci .>l'^ jfe ^tc^rv* ' .? jWyA 5^ i J. r'^^al*. ^'Lt^-^ CHRONOGRAMS COLLECTED more than 4000 in number since the pubHcation of the two preceding Volumes in 1882 and 1885 By JAMES HILTON, F.S.A. ffc tX> cji cji cfc pIa rj» cj> fji «iw tjrt ANOTHER bVDgET NEEDs ANOTHER CLeARAnCe, =1255 SO NoVV YoV haVe another Last appearanCe. = 170 ASK Whether thIs the Very Last WILL be, =177 I Can bVt ansWer " he Who LIVes WILL see." = 293 1895 LONDON: ELLIOT STOCK, Paternoster Row. 1895. fm 'V£ M Ak j^*^ Til A A., T #^ / >:< o 111 «j tf< jij ifii o a o tf* nt >S(_ jit. J-L .ft- "ft js* j-* ^ * * c* o o «& o o o o "•r "4*" "^l^ "-'l^ "4*" #■ •4*' ■4*" •4*' ^4*" "4*" "-fS^ "4*' "-'A*' 4*" 4*^ "4*^ "4*" 4*^ %^ '4*' "4*" %^ '4*' "4*" "4*' "4*" %^ "4*' "4*" '4*' #1 >7 \^*' HERE YOV HAVe yet another qVIte neV\' book OF RIGHT excellent Chronograms IssVeD BY I. hILton, F.S.A. r HE contents of the earlier part of the present volume appeared, in a condensed form, in the limited space of the pages of the monthly publication, the Antiquary, at somewhat irregular times from 1887 to 1893, as the material was ac- quired by prolonged research. Additional material has also been collected, too valuable to be withheld from publication ; therefore it seemed desirable to amplify and rearrange the whole in a separate volume as the third successive one, with a view to yet further development by future workers in the same field. The title of the second of my two preceding volumes implies that the subject, so far as my agency had carried it, was concluded ; the present volume is conclusive that such a point was not reached, and my own belief is that no finality will ever be arrived at, or that research will ever exhaust the subject, and say, * Here is the last of the chronograms.' 581448 viii PREFACE. Although much is added to what is contained in the pages of the prior volumes, little has been discovered to define the origin or antiquity of these so-called conceits; the popularity to which they attained about the period of the sixteenth century is in some degree accounted for at page 435 infra. The earlier of those pages, and the general remarks in Chapter I. of the present volume, leave little that need be repeated now by way of pi:eface. It may be said, however, that all the books now to be introduced to the reader's notice are rare, some are very rare, and some few, I think, are perhaps unique. Nowhere can a student go to any library and realize the expectation of meeting with such a collection there as is here assembled. The three volumes will form the student's guide to all that have come under my notice, and will stand as a bibliography of chronogrammatic literature for the guidance of those who may be attracted to pursue research for fresh examples, or to peruse at leisure the originals in their printed form* of existence, whether as sumptuous folios or insignificant tracts and pamphlets. These works bear ample testimony to the extent to which the literature of Continental Europe was pervaded by the chronogram element, engaging the attention and approval of scholars, as well as the patronage of emperors and potentates, for at least three hundred years. To the extended use of printing must be attributed the preservation of the earlier productions, though it does not definitely fix the time of the earliest use of them. Whatever early manuscript memoranda may have contained relating to our subject is scarcely known, though it is probable that chronograms before the middle of the fifteenth century were recorded on writing materials which have perished. Inscriptions on stone monuments and memorials do not afford the desired help, though it seems that dates were so recorded in a form not strictly chronogrammatic, as is set forth at page 485, Chapter XLIL, on ' Dates quaintly expressed in Latin Verse.' Some few of those examples, certainly not all, seem to be genuine predecessors (in Europe, at least) of the true chronogram ; many come down into the time when chronograms were in vogue ; and some were composed long after the dates represented. Medals PREFACE. ix and coins bearing chronograms do not reach back far enough to help the inquiry. A rule for the construction or the reading of chronograms can scarcely be repeated too often, in order to dispel a belief that it is only necessary to select some numeral letters contained in any sentence to make a chronogram of any required date, disregarding other numeral letters in the same sentence. The rule is that every such numeral letter must be reckoned, and the reason is that such a selection would leave the unused letters to make more than the required date, and so produce a false result. Besides this, there are a great many examples in old books, of chronograms printed without the date letters being distinguished from others, a fault or neglect which can be rectified with small trouble, by restoring all the numeral letters into the usual form. The reader is referred to pages 123 to 126 infra for one of the many examples, where also others are indicated. A further remark is needful for those readers who may not have perused the two anterior volumes, with regard to the letter D = 5oo, which most Flemish and Dutch chronogram-writers have not used as a numeral ; the reader is referred to pages 2 and 86 infra, other examples are of frequent occurrence. One Flemish writer, Jodocus de Weerdt, regarded this as a grave error, and having published in i6og a work with 47 of the chronograms so composed, and subse- quently recognising the faulty principle of construction, he recast the chronograms, and in a second edition, printed by Plantin in 1626, restored the letter D to its proper function ; this is more fully set forth at pages 64 and 6g of Chronograms Continued. Many of the persons and events marked by chronograms in the following pages have appeared in like manner in the preceding volumes. An attempt has been made to enliven the appearance of a somewhat dry subject with ornamental head and tailpieces, taken from examples in old chronogram books, and others are intermixed from different sources, having an antique pictorial character. The illustrations are explained at the places where they occur. It was reckoned that 21,037 chronograms were brought into b X PREFACE notice in my two former volumes; the further number of 22,187 may in Hke manner be enumerated in volume three, a good proportion of which, viz., 4,187 (after allowing for those repeated from volumes one and two), are printed in the following pages. This brings the grand totals to 38,411 chronograms noticed, and 14,712 recorded in print. Although the labour of recording so large a number is mine, the result would have been far less but for the kind help rendered by a friend already named, and repeatedly alluded to in this volume, by bringing to my notice many rare books. For whatever errors may exist in the following pages, the indulgent reader is referred to the remarks on the last page, next to the index. J. H. 60, Montagu Square, London, October, 1895. CONTENTS. I. General remarks on chronograms — The Roman numeral letters and their application — Antiquity of chronograms — Pure chrono- grams, ........ I II. England — King Charles i. — Charles ll. — William ill. — George ll. — John Law — Local chronograms, ..... 7 III. Compliments and congratulations — Marriage — Flattery — J. Rem- pen's works — German Emperors, . . . . 16 IV. Further complimentary verses — Poesies artificiosa — Faith, Hope, and Charity — Flemish broadsheets — New Year address — Another New Year address— Congratulations to magistrates — Dukes of Monsterberg, ....... 25 V. Nuptial addresses — King John of Portugal — St. Paul's Day — Counts of Nassau — Musas gratulantes — Duke of Coburg — A recent example, ....... 39 VI. Varia poemata illustrium, a manuscript book of chronograms on the family of De Melroy and others, ..... 44 VII. Title-pages dated by chronograms — Numerous examples, . . 55 VIII. Chronogram calendars — Memoir of their author — An old German almanac, ........ 69 IX. The works of G, Grumsel and D. Baudius, .... 82 X. The works of Joannes Rempen — His strange and varied career — Long extracts from his chronogrammatic poetry — Remarks on Latin rhyming verse, . . . . . .91 XI. Curious books — Quinquennalis seditio at Cologne — Alchemy — Dutch deceptions — Florilegium Eteostichum — Poemata ^gidii de Vrese — Jesuits' college exercises — German books of travel — Medical — Hans Sachs — Raptus ecstaticus — An early chrono- gram — Recent chronograms, . . . . .112 XII. Various books— Bavarian history — Bohemian history — Prsetorius xii CONTENTS. PAGE — Allusio votiva — Carmelus Triumphans — Joannes k Cruce — Theatrum orthodox! cultus — Certamen catholicorum — Tomus tollendis — Compte de Lannoy — Musa pacifica — Monastery at Grammont, . . . . .123 XIII. Rare books — Sexta mundi astas — Freiberg chronicle — Otia parerga — Ulrich Hutten, a curious person — A French work on chronograms — Note on Thomas k Kempis, . . 136 XIV. Bishops and abbots — Applausus metricus — Felix William, Bishop of Bruges — Lotharius, Archbishop of Mayence — Ostein, Archbishop of Mayence — Gentis, Bishop of Antwerp — Maximilian, Archbishop of Cologne, his ' Idea infulata virtutis ' — Count Franckenberg, Bishop of Malines, his ' Ludus emblematicus ' — Christopher Hutten, Bishop of Spires, his 'Arbor Genealogica' — Constantine, Abbot of Fulda,his 'Memoria justi cum laudibus ' — Abbots of Griissau — Abbot of Bursfeld — The heart of Abbot Dionysius, . 149 XV. The Abbot of Grafifschafften, a most rare book of chronograms . 164 XVI. The sacrament miracle — Corpus Christi — Relics of saints, . 176 XVII. Some saints — St. Nonnosus — St. John of Nepomuk — St. Hubert —St. Roch, ....... 186 XVIII. Heidelberg College — Carmelites at Worms — Affligen — Other German monasteries — Annus chronographicus, . . 193 XIX. Local Continental chronograms — Aix-la-Chapelle — Germany — Switzerland — Flanders — Belgium — Holland — Malines — Gorlitz — Eisfeld, ...... 202 XX. Image of the Virgin Mary at Omel — Miraculous images- Atlas Marianus, . . . . . .213 XX [. Image of the Virgin Mary at Kevelaer, . . . .234 XXII. Archbishops of Treves — Local chronograms — SS. Koska and Gonzaga, ....... 238 XXIII. Martin Luther, ....... 253 XXIV. The Seven Years' War — Large engravings, . . . 260 XXV. Engravings — Maximilian Emmanuel, Duke of Bavaria — St. Cajetan — Various portraits — Battle of Blenheim — Prince Eugene — A trophy — Heilbronn — Emblems — The Assump- tion, ........ 267 XXVI. German medals and coins, ..... 278 XXVII. Some members of the Imperial family of Germany — Leopold — Margaret — Joseph — Francis — Siege of Vienna — Chrono- grams made by Leopold, ..... 290 CONTENTS. XXVIII. The Emperors Charles vi. and Charles vii., XXIX. The Empress Maria Theresia, ..... XXX. Count Esterhazy, and events relating to the Empress Maria Theresia, ....... XXXI. Charles Alexander, Governor of the Netherlands, XXXII. Another almanac, Hungarian, for the year 1685, XXXIII. Another idiot — Drama — Correction of the calendar — Magic squares — Drama in chronogram — Jesuit college exercises, . XXXIV. A Dutch manuscript-book — A Dutch golden-wedding memorial — Engraved silver, ...... XXXV. Some princes of Germany — Dukes of Brunswick — Medals and coins of Hesse, ...... XXXVI. Gustavus Adolphus, King, and Christina, Queen, of Sweden, . XXXVII. Epigrams by various writers, . . . . . XXXVIII. Epigrams by Joseph k Pinu, . . . . . XXXIX. Miscellaneous: I. — The sacrament miracle — A consulof Cologne — A London broadside — Sundials — Poesis artificiosa — Archbishop Clement Augustus — Libraries, . XL. Miscellaneous : II. — Chronograms by Mr. C. W. Wilshere — Other chronograms in England — On a dog — On a cat — Sherborne School — Greek chronograms— The square root — St. Petersburg, ...... XLI. Obituaries and epitaphs, . . . XLII. Dates quaintly expressed in Latin verse Index ........ xm PAGB 33(> 341 353 375 389 403 410 421 424 435 454 466 479 485 497 ILLUSTRATIONS. A Dutch golden-wedding memorial, Time writing chronograms, .... A title-page, ' Eteosticha intra anni praeteriti,' Portrait of C. F. k Schertz, .... ' Labyrinthus Chrono-metricus ' (a facsimile), P'rontispiece and title-page, 'De spiritali Imitatione Christi,' A title-page, ' Palma aetatis quaternae,' A title-page, ' Magna et usque veneranda,'. A title-page, * Appendix vere insignis,' Frontispiece to ' Epigrammata Sacra,' Emblematical frontispiece relating to Maximilian Emmanuel, Prince Eugene, portrait with emblems. Horoscope of the Empress Margaret, Mourning-ring for Empress Margaret, Cross on Vienna Cathedral, .... A title-page, ' Augusta Austria; virtus,' ... Facsimile from a Dutch manuscript, . three to face Frontispiece Preface page 30 32 to face page 47 60 66 70 72 165 266 273 295 299 315 337 pages 403 and 404 GENERAL REMARKS ON CHRONOGRAMS. T may be interesting, and I think it would be useful, to those who may take up this volume, to peruse some general remarks before going deeply into the subject of chronograms as they are represented in the following pages. I have been occupied during many years with the necessary research ; I have found, and still find, the materials growing before me, and I have made and published what is doubtless the largest collection of chronograms ever brought together. The work has been at times arduous — the subject has been ever in view, both at home and abroad ; nevertheless, I am convinced that it is not exhausted, and that fresh discoveries of unedited chronograms will reward the labour of a continued search in some of the rarely- trodden byways of literature. Many a chronogram now lying buried in the pages of old books, may thus be drawn forth and placed in a state of new existence in the pages of some future modern work. That has been effected to some extent in this volume, the third and last of my labour, extending over fifteen years. Although it is somewhat of a repetition, a few preliminary ex- planations as to the meaning and nature of a chronogram will not be out of place, accompanied by examples taken from my published volumes,^ wherein also may be found an extended treatment of this ^ Chronograms, Five Thousand and more in number, excerpted out of various Authors and collected at many Places, by James Hilton, F.S.A., 1882. Also, Chronograms Continued and Concluded, more than Five Thousand in Number, a supplementary volume to that published in 1882, by the same author, 1885. Both published by Elliot Stock, London. 2 GENERAL REMARKS ON CHRONOGRAMS. most varied subject, with full extracts from many hundreds of rare old books. A chronogram is properly a sentence or a verse, wherein certain letters express a date, while the sentence itself is descriptive of, or allusive to, the event to which the date belongs. The date is found by adding together the numeral letters, or, to speak more accurately, the ordinary figures represented by them. The method is very simple, because only the seven Roman numerals — I, V, X, L, C, D, M, equal respectively to i, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 — are used for the purpose. It is imperative, however, that every one of such letters in the sentence should be counted, and that no such letter should be passed over or rejected from the reckoning. For the sake of per- spicuity, all the numeral letters are usually printed larger (or they may be distinguished by red colour, etc.) ; when a numeral letter occasionally occurs printed small, it is either a printer's mistake, or evidence that the chronogram is a bad one. This reckoning of all the numeral letters is obviously of prime importance ; almost the only difficulty in composing a chronogram consists in the strict observance of the rule. It must be noted that in the chronograms of Flemish writers the letter D, = 500, was generally ignored as a numeral — an exception which is manifestly bad, and is admitted to be so by more than one of the leading Flemish writers. The letter W should count as = 10 ; it is so printed in Dutch chronograms, but in Latin ones the letters VV ( = twice 5) are generally substituted. The letter U is frequently so printed, or else the letter V is sub- stituted, causing a little difficulty in reading some words — such, for instance, as VVIDVM for UVIDUM ; and so also as to the letters I and J, which are sometimes used indiscriminately in the older books, each counts as one ; the letter J should be counted. There are, however, some carelessly introduced exceptions which go to spoil the chronogram. The Dutch ij and the letter Y should count as =2. These exceptions are not to be wondered at or condemned when we consider the numerous languages spoken by the writers of European chronograms, and the varied use and pronunciation of some of their letters. A serious difficulty, however, has to be encountered by the chronogram-writer when composing in Latin verse, say, in Hexameter, Pentameter, or Sapphic metre, in order GENERAL REMARKS ON CHRONOGRAMS. 3 to avoid transgressing any of the foregoing conditions ; and yet these forms of verse are most frequently used by the writers of the best periods. Their success is owing, perhaps, to the fact that, by classical education, they were especially familiar with the Latin language and its entire vocabulary. The occurrence of chronograms on medals, in old books, in- scriptions, and in other ways, is very frequent ; they may appear as an isolated word, a concise motto, or a long sentence. A quotation of the exact words of Scripture, especially of the Latin version, or of an ancient Latin writer, not unfrequently supplies a modern appropriate chronogram. The title-pages of books are sometimes composed in chronograms, or, at least, are dated by a chronogram motto ; in like manner the date lurks in the legend on a com- memorative medal ; in such examples the date is very seldom super- added in figures. There are poetical compositions consisting of hundreds of lines, and in one instance of more than two thousand lines, all being chronograms of particular dates. The scope of the application of chronograms is infinite ; they are scattered over a large extent of works on history and biography, and both serious and trivial events equally have engaged their use. They are met with most plentifully in works of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries — in fact, from the thirteenth century down to the present time, though in less profusion at the two extremes. All this is fully shown in the large and varied collections resulting from my researches. By careful observation of examples, and keeping in mind the foregoing remarks, it will be seen that the date of any circumstance may be so indicated with accuracy, and perhaps more perfectly than by ordinary figures. A date in figures only may be damaged so as to be partially legible, while a chronogram date partially illegible may be restored by recalling the obvious spelling or meaning of an injured word. Neatness of composition and conciseness of ex- pression are desirable qualities, otherwise the chronogram will be too long and wear a straggling appearance ; in order to follow out this condition, every word should contain one or more of the numeral letters. Much more might be said as to the special features of some of the ten or twenty thousand chronograms which I have 4 GENERAL REMARKS ON CHRONOGRAMS. brought into notice ; but in a general way the examples which are to follow will draw attention to some leading characteristics, and the apparent difficulty they seem to present by the array of short and tall letters will, it is hoped, be but transient. The intention of the chronogram-maker was to record dates, not to puzzle the reader. The antiquity of chronograms, as is shown by my collections, reaches as far back as the year 1210 expressed by one in the Latin language, and the dates 1208 and 1280 by others in the Hebrew language ; the date 1380 appears in the Arabic ; these chronograms are, beyond all question, contemporaneous with the dates them- selves, and are not retrospective or made at a period subsequent to the events. These dates stamp the subject with the genuine character of antiquity. Further researches into Hebrew and Arabic manuscripts would probably make us acquainted with earlier examples. We cannot expect to find chronograms in print earlier than the middle of the fifteenth century ; and thus we may account for their rarity at an earlier period. A chronogram may be recorded in a single manuscript only, while a multitude of one may be put into print, and have a good chance of surviving. It is necessary, however, to be on one's guard against ' retrospective ' chrono- grams ; there is one of the year of the Creation, and others of epochs B.C., and others of various dates in the early centuries A.D., which were composed in or about the seventeenth century. In fact, a chronogram may be composed for any date, past, present or future. The inspection of the rare old books which have furnished my collection, many of them beautifully illustrated by engravings, would well reward any antiquary for the trouble of rambling over the same ground, even when not in search of chronograms. I have given ample references, amounting to several hundreds, to make known where each old book is to be found, the greater part of which are to be seen in the British Museum library. The following are appropriate examples of some interesting features of this extensive subject. A chronogram may consist of words composed entirely of numeral letters ; such are called by the old writers 'pure chronograms.' For instance, the word LILICIDIVM, meaning the slaughter of the lily, is the legend on a medal commemorating the battle of Tasniers in Flanders, on GENERAL REMARKS ON CHRONOGRAMS. 5 September 2, 1709, when the Duke of Marlborough defeated the French : the device represents a Hly, the emblem of France, cut down and withered by a flash of lightning ; the word gives the date 1709. The title of a eulogistic poem published at Ratisbon in 1716, on the birth of Leopold, son of the Emperor Charles VI., is 'DILVCVLVM orientis solis Austriaci ' (The dawn of the Austrian rising sun) ; the word gives the date 1716. The birth of this Leopold, after a * delay ' of several years, raised hopes of the people that at last an heir to the crown had appeared. Disappointment quickly followed ; this rising sun was extinguished by the death of the infant before nine months had elapsed. Meanwhile, however, he had been made the subject of many remarkable chronogrammatic compositions ; one volume (the only copy I know of is in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley) contains no less than twenty- seven of such by Jesuit authors. Prince Charles, afterwards King Charles L of England, went to Spain to woo the Infanta ; the circumstance is made much of in a curious book entitled * Pax vobis, or wit's changes turned in a Latine hexameter of Peace, etc.,' by R. Tisdale, London, 1623. The Prince is supposed to say to her, VVIDVM VICI (Uvidum vici), / have overcome the sea. This is a ' pure ' chronogram,^ giving the date 1623. One more example of the * pure ' can only be recommended for its length ; it occurs in an exceedingly curious and rare panegyric on the election, in 1725, of Christopher Francis Hutten to be the Prince-bishop of Wiirzburg.^ In the passage from which it is extracted two citizens are supposed to be con- versing about him, and the words are in answer to a question as to his merits ; the full meaning is obscure, even when read along with the context, where it is one of several responses composed in the same form. There are, perhaps, not more than thirty Latin words that can be used in this ' pure ' fashion, which is consequently unsuitable from the exceedingly limited number of words to make sense as well as date. VIX LVX MICVI, VLLI CIVILI LVCI ILLVXI = 1725 CVI VLLI LVXI, ILLVVIVM ILLVXI, CVI VICI =« 1725 ^ A chronogram is so called where every letter is a numeral. ^ See Chronograms Continued, p. 291. 6 GENERAL REMARKS ON CHRONOGRAMS. The authors of this curious tract were certain brethren of the Franciscan monastery at Wiirzburg. It fills several folio pages ; a leading feature is the following * programme ': lo ! bIs, ter Io ! VIVat ChrIstophorVs franCIsCVs, franCI^-orIentaLIs DVX, et DeI gratIa }='^'s noVa LVX, neo-epIsCopVs herbIpoLensIs pater PATrI/E. i.e., Hurrah, twice and thrice hurrah ! long live Christopher Francis, Duke of Franconia, and by the grace of God, the new light, the new Bishop of Wiirzburg., the father of his country ! On these Latin words are formed eight different anagrams, all proclaiming the merits of the Bishop ; and as the same letters are used, the same date, 1725, should be given by them ; there are, however, two or three faults for which the old printer is probably to blame. This sort of transposition is called a chron-anagram. I have collected very many examples. That subject, however, is, I know, being pursued by another writer. It is time, therefore, to break off before yielding to the opportunity for considering it, and the multitude of other literary devices which would undoubtedly follow. The next group will form a supplement to what has appeared in the former volumes when treating of chronograms in England. II. ENGLAND. CHARLES /., KING OF ENGLAND. THIN 4to. volume, pp. 97, is entirely filled with Latin chronograms, each consisting of one line, marking the date of certain events in European history from 1600 to 1665. The period includes the whole of the Thirty Years' War, with its fearful devastations and miseries, and the time of peace which followed on its termination in 1648. The title is very brief, in bold print : ' Chronica chronographica ab anno 1600.' Printed at Vienna, 1665. The 'epistola dedicatoria ' to the nobles and others, the ' States ' of Austria, occupies four pages of chronogram lines, making 1665 fifty-four times repeated, and concludes with the author's mention of his name, thus : InDIgnIssIMVs VerI: CLIens Fr. Joannes Impekoven, Theologise Doctor, etc. The chronograms relate mostly to Germany, and are arranged in groups under each year, consisting of but one line, sometimes of but one or two words, very concise, from the use of letters representing the higher range of numerals. A few examples must suffice. The following are among the most interesting. The author was born — HoC ANNO prIMa DIes erat aVthorI. Termination of the war — IaM DICVnt paX paX paX et erIt paX. gaVDet VbIqVe gerManIa VnIVersa eX VsV paCIs. == The execution of King Charles I. of England calls forth these remarks — InaVDIto eXeMpLo In angLIa a sVIs tVrpIter et |_ iNlVRlosk obrVtVs /"" ET IVDICatVs In Vrbe LonDInI pVBLICfe seCVrI perCVssVs \ ^ fVIt et CapIte j = 1608 1648 1649 1649 1649 8 CHARLES /., KING OF ENGLAND. MInVtVs a LICtore, Ipse CaroLVs ANcLIiE, sCotI^e, \ _ hIbernI^qVe reX InCLItVs ET BonVs. /~ ^^49 MoX regIna ConIVnX h/ereDesqVe eX regno IVssI; = 1649 ILLIC6 eXIre, IpsI In gaLLIa et fLanDrIa DeInCeps \ _ VERfe eXVLare CogVntVr. /- ^^49 i.e. By an unheard-of example in England, Charles himself, the rightful sole King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, is by his own people wrongfully over-thrown, and in the City of London being publicly accused, and struck by the axe, was deprived of his head by the executioner. Soon afterwards his 7vife and childreti zvere ordered forthwith to leave the country ; they in their turn are compelled really to become exiles in France and Flanders. The Restoration of Charles II. — STATE hIC et aVDIte MIrabILIa. = 1660 CaroLVs aD regnVM = 1660 angLI^ reCIpIenDVM ab IpsIs = 1660 parLaMentIs CItatVr; et Ipse reDIIt. = 1660 CoronaM LonDInI Ipse obtInVIt. = 1660 aDMIrabILI CERTk VarIatIone. = 1660 IbI In perDVeLLes et 'L.jesm MaIestatIs reos = 1660 eXeMpLa DeCreta = 1660 fVerant : pLerosqVe ConDeMnant. = 1660 CroMweLII InsIgnIa fVere Depressa et abrogata, = 1660 aC noMen prorsVs DeLetVr. = 1660 statVaM et CaDaVer Lento = 1660 Igne per LICtoreM reDIgItVr In = 1660 CIneres, ab Ipso In profLVenteM DIspersI. = 1660 sIC transIIt gLorIa MVnDI. = 1660 i.e. Stand ye here and listen to ivonders: Charles is summoned by the Parliament men themselves to receive his kingdom of England; he himself returned to London and obtained his crown. Certainly by an admirable turn in affairs. There, among traitors and persons answer- able to injured majesty, were present some discriminating examples, who condemn most of thein. The insignia of Cromwell were removed and repealed, and his name is straightway blotted out. His statue and his corpse were reduced to ashes by the willing fire at the hands of the executioner, and by him scattered in the flowing tide. Thus passed away the glory of the world. A comet causes alarm ; the author cautiously says — eCCe In hoC, aC pr^terIto anno CoMeta In CceLo apparet, = 1653 De eIVs fVtVrIs effeCtIbVs VarI^ VarIorVM eXtant }= 1653 sententI^ et opInIones. Insurrection of the Fifth-Monarchy men against Charles II. CoMeta nobIs pLan^ DVrVs = 1661 apparVIt. LonDInI MIsera ConspIratIo = 1661 regI Interea MIrabILIter DeteCta fVIt. = 1661 The total number of chronograms is 1621, a real epitome of historical facts, which for its extent and form may be regarded as unique. CHARLES II., KING OF ENGLAND. The work is certainly a rare one ; the Rev. W. Begley possesses the only copy I know of. A musical manuscript folio volume in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, relating to Charles 11, King of England, bears this title: — 'Csecilia Bredana, sive ad Serenissimum Magnse Britannise, Franciae atque Hibernise Regem Carolum II. Elegia et alia. Lahore MUsICI gregIs breDanL' On the back of the title-page, ' rege pIo fLorens reVIresCo brItannI^ tanDeM.' Each chronogram makes the year 1659, A dedication to the King is subscribed — hosteM angLIa VInCat regI fIDa bono. = 1659 On a later page, by itself, stands this chronogram — o ternIs tanDeM reVIresCas L^te tIarIs. = 1659 And at the end of fourteen pages of Latin verse — regI L^ta bono reVIresCo brItannIa tanDeM = 1659 The remainder of the volume is a flourishing title-page, ' Sym- bolum et Emblema regium musice expressum, 3 vocibus, cum basso continuo,' and four pages of music. The whole is a beautiful specimen of penmanship. At this period, after the death of Charles I., the King was preparing to return from Breda in the Netherlands, to be restored to his crown and country. A tract in the Bodleian Library, consisting of eight pages, ' A Satirical Poem on the Jesuitish Plot in 1678 for the Assassination of the King. ... By W. M. London, 1679,' alludes to the pretended conspiracy of the Jesuits to assassinate Charles II., revealed by the infamous Titus Oates. The remarkable feature is a series of four chronograms reflecting on the intended crime, each making the year 1678; these are followed by free translations into English rhyme in twelve lines, all in chronogram, making the same date five times repeated. It is unusual to meet with a chronogrammatic composition in English, extending beyond two lines. The following is a full extract ; observe the hexameter and pentameter metre — PER FAS, perqVe nefas ; sVperos, aCherontaqVe VeLLenTjI _ , n fLeCtere ? reLLIgIo est h^CCIne roMa tVa. j ^ ' Aliud. IsTA ne reLLIgIo LIbVIt sCeLerosa papatVs \ hIC Labor, hoC opVs? est h^C sVa DIra fIDes. j Aliud. reX, LeX, greX pereant; pereatqVe brItannICVs orbIs, \ ENSE, FoCo, fVrCa eXant Lato et sangVIne ; FATA J-= 1678 taLIa roMa angLIs reLLIgIosa VoVet. J Aliud. ConspIrent papp^ ; MaChInetVr Vana papatVs, 1 ConJVratIqVe eXVrgant eX ^qVore gaLLI ; |-= 1678 angLIa tVta sVa reLLIgIone VaLet. I 1678 = 1678 = 1678 lo CHARLES II., KING OF ENGLAND. Anglicb. A fVrIoVs zeaL the papaLL ConCLaVe hath FOR th' propogatIon OF th' UnChrIstIan faIth, ■ _ , g In aLL th' eVILLs th' DeVILL Can InVent; ' ~ ^^7» If not In heaV'ns IVst poVVer, VVIth heLL's Consent. Another. BY treaCherIe or VILe pLots t' soVV th' ChrIstIan seeD,\_ ^ ^ Is NOT In th' CathoLICk bVt th' popIsh CreeD. J ^^ Another. that th' kIng, LaVV, peopLe, In oVr brItIsh VVorLD, b' Into theIr rVIne, or, ConfVsIon hVrLD, Is th' popIsh VVIsh, Whose brVtIsh faIth aLLoVVs sVCh IrreLIgIoVs eXtasIes In VoVVs. Another. Let th'pope VVIth 's IesVIts ; roMe VVIth heLL ConspIre/ In aLL the VILLanIes theIr fVrIoVs Ire sVggests ; th' proteCtor of oVr brItIsh fate saVes th' pVre reLIgIon In spIght of theIr hate. Another. Where JesVItIsM's In poVVer ; Who Dare say, \ _ g ^ oVr life's oVr oWn, that LIVe not In theIr VVay. / ~ ^ ^ mdclxxviii. finis. A transcript of the foregoing verses I add in plain print — Per fas, perque nefas ; superos, Acherontaque vellent, Flectere ? relligio est hseccine Roma tua ? Another. Ista ne relligio libuit scelerosa Papatus, Hie labor, hoc opus ? est hsec sua dira fides. Another. Rex, lex, grex pereant ; pereatque Britannicus orbis, Ense, foco, furca exant lato et sanguine ; fata Talia Roma Anglis relligiosa vovet. Another. Conspirent Pappse ; machinetur vana Papatus, Conjuratique exurgant ex gequore Galli ; Anglia tuta sua relligione valet. In English. A furious zeal the Papal conclave hath, For the propagation of th' unchristian faith, In all the evils th' Devil can invent ; If not in heaven's just power, with hell's consent. Another. By treachery or vile plots t' sow th' Christian seed. Is not in th' Catholic but th' Popish creed. Another. That th' king, law, people, in our British world, Be into their ruin, or confusion hurl'd. Is th' Popish wish, whose brutish faith allows Such irreligious extasies in vows. CHARLES I. AND II., KINGS OF ENGLAND. Another. Let the Pope with his Jesuits, Rome with hell conspire, In all the villanies their furious ire Suggests ; the protector of our British fate Saves th' pure religion in spight of their hate. Another. Where Jesuitism's in power ; who dare say, Our life's our own, that live not in their way. 1678. Finis. ■***- It is related in Dr. George Oliver's ' Collections towards Illustrating the Biography of Members of the Society of Jesus,' published in 1845, that Thomas Jenison, a native of Durham, was apprehended as an accomplice in Titus Gates' plot, and lodged in a loathsome cell in Newgate, where he died September 27, 1679. The author further relates that in the * Remonstrance of Piety and Innocence,' at page 104, published in 1683, is preserved a chronogram supposed to be a pre- diction that the innocence of the victims of Gates' perjury would be manifested in the year 1686. The book was found in Jenison's cell at Newgate — trIstItIa Vestra VertentVr In gaVDIVM aLLeLVIa. = 1686 yoVr sorrow shaL be MaDe Very IovfVLL Vnto voV. = 1686 Each one makes the date 1686. English chronograms are com- paratively rare, and not always to be commended. The Latin line is referred to in Archaologia, vol. Hi., p. 123. — ■ »»tfe Chronograms relating to Charles I. and II., Kings of England, will be found in my two volumes on Chronograms. I find also in Notes and Queries for January 24, 1885, one quoted from 'An Elegy upon the most Incomparable K. Charles the I. Persecuted by two Im- placable Factions, Imprisoned by the One, and Murthered by the Other, January 30'^ 1648." Quarto, ten leaves, with broad black border round the title, and is printed on the last page — 'From my sad Retirement, March 11, 1648.' CaroLVs stVart reX angLI^ seCVre CoesVs VIta CessIt\ _ ^ q trICesIMo IanVarII. /- ^^4» WILLIAM III, KING OF ENGLAND. MEDALS relating to William III., King of England, are noted in Chronograms^ page 105. Another medal represents his portrait : Reverse, a globe floating on the sea presents to the meridian 12 BISHOP ATTERBURY. sun a map of the British Isles and a part of France, on which is inscribed, ' London, Edynburg, Dublin, Pays.' In the distance a fleet, etc. On the edge — CaUsa DeI popULIqUe sUI DefenDItUr eX te. = 1689 Struck in Holland. The sun is here an emblem of William ; and it is intimated that as he had already freed Britain from tyranny and super- stition, he would proceed by the increased power acquired by his coronation to deliver the rest of Europe from the aggressions of Louis XIV. ■*♦&*. A Jacobite conspiracy discovered. May, 1723. An extremely rare medal represents a bishop and four other persons at a table, conspiratio britannica — DeCretVM est regno brIto restItVatVr abaCtVs. = 1722 i.e. It is decreed, let the banished one be restored to the throne of Britain. Reverse shows the same bishop and others dismayed by lightning issuing from the clouds, encircling the eye of Providence, and — ConspIrate ! aperIt DeVs et Vos fVLMIna pVLsat. = 1723 i.e. Conspire! God discovers and smites you with His lightning. The bishop is Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, and the others are the Earl of Arran, the Earl of Orrery, Lord North, and Lord Gower, the five who formed the Jacobite Council, or junta, and arranged the affairs of James of England. The conspiracy was discovered by the Regent of France, who at once gave notice to the British Government, and Atterbury was deprived of his see and banished the kingdom. The object of the conspiracy of 1722 was the restoration of the Stuarts to the throne of England, which is announced on the obverse, while the reverse alludes to the discovery and punishment of the conspirators in the following year. These and other medals are mentioned in the * Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the Death of Charles II. Compiled by Edward Hawkins, and edited by A. W. Franks and Herbert A. Grueber. Published by order of the trustees of the British Museum, 1885.' GEORGE IL, KING OF ENGLAND. GEORGE II., King of England, founded the University of Gottingen, in the kingdom of Hanover, in 1735; it was designated as 'Georgia Augusta.' In 1748 he visited the place, and was received with all due festivity and honour. The event is described in a 4to. volume, printed at Gottingen in 1749, entitled, ' Beschreibung der grossen und denckwurdigen Feyer,' etc. ; a description of the great JOHN LAW. 13 and memorable festivities in honour of George II., King of Great Britain, etc., on August i, 1748, at Gottingen. The volume consists of two parts and 290 pages ; also large illustrations engraved by J. G. Schmidt. As usual on festive occasions, the streets were decorated, and among the inscriptions was the following chronogram, put up on the front of the university building and illuminated — patrIs patrIae regIs pII aVgVstI georgII II. faVstVs eX | brItannIa In aVItIs gVeLforVM terrIs aDVentVs > = 1748 georgIae aVgVstae sVae aVspICatVs. ) i.e. The fortunate advent of the pious George Augustus, the father of his country, auspiciously from Britain into his ancestral country of the Guelphs, to his own Georgia Augusta. JOHN LA W. JOHN LAW, the famous financier and speculator, was born at Edin- burgh, April 21, 1671. In 1694, having killed his opponent in a duel, he was compelled to leave Scotland, and after wandering about Italy for some years, he went in 1 7 1 5 to Paris, where, shortly afterwards, he set up with great success a private bank. His gigantic financial schemes, and his monetary visions captivated the Regent, who established, in 1718, the Royal Bank of France, with Law as Director- General. He was also appointed Comptroller-General of Finances. In 1 7 19 he floated the great bubble Mississippi scheme, which, by failing in the next year, plunged thousands of families into ruin. Law was in consequence compelled to quit France. He afterwards settled in Venice, where he died in indigence, March 21, 1729. Various medals were struck in ridicule of his schemes ; some bear chrono- grams. A very rare medal represents a man partially clothed lighting his pipe with a bundle of ' scrip,' from which coins are emitted pro- vided with wings and flying away ; the inscription above is NUMMUS UBi LOQUITUR {Money when he speaks), and — beeter In De wyDe wereLt ; aLs In De naUe bUyk of kIst= 1613 Better in the wide world than in the narrozv stotnach or chest. In exergue — nooIt breekt vser . 22 . PRO Cent. = loi Necessity breaks iron ; 2 2 per cent. The figures 1613 and 10 1 make up the date 17 14, about which time Law began his speculative undertakings in Paris. On the reverse is this legend — EN Magnas Det opes CeLeber LaVV foenere qUestUs = 1720 Behold the renowned Law, by usury of gain will give great wealth. 14 LOCAL CHRONOGRAMS. And— koMt seht Das frantzVoLCk an ! herr LaVV thUt grosse) >= 1720 THATEN. J ' Come behold, the people of France I Mr. Law doeth great things. 1632 LOCAL CHRONOGRAMS, ENGLAND. IN the Parish Church of Warminster, according to Hoare's ' Modern Wiltshire,' there is a brass plate : ' To the living memory of Hester Potticary, an only daughter,' who died August 31, 1673. The following, which is in plain letters, and part of her epitaph, marks the date and her age — pVre VesseLs of MerCy enIgy happIness wIth goD — 1673 VertVe In her Is not VVItherIng = 24 At AUhallows Church, Oxford, the epitaph of Richard Drayton concludes thus — Ex hoc vitse ergastulo solutus est. \ A.D. 1 63 1, ^tatis suae 31 eCCe CVpIo DIssoLVI aC IesV ChrIsto Vere aDgLVtInarI. — Phil. i. 23. The bells of St. Leonard's Church, Bridgnorth, six in number, were cast in 1681, as indicated thus on the sixth bell — qVarta fVI nVnC seXta song MgDVLata tgnabo = 1681 In Heacham Church, Norfolk, on a mural monument to the memory of Robert Redmayne, who ' Excessit vita 5 Augusti 1625, aetatis suae annos 74,' — put up by his widow as thus expressed — Dgrgthea eIVs VXgr pIetatIs gratIa hgC eI ponebat Mgerens. = 1625 She died in 1645. Her epitaph and that of her husband are recorded in Blomefield's 'History of Norfolk,' vol. x. 310. At AUhallows Church, Huntingdon, the gravestone of one who had been a schoolmaster there for thirty-eight years was thus inscribed : ' Thomas Taylor, septuaginarius e generosa stirpe ejusdem nominis obiit . ^. fyEtat. 70. Augusti anno \^^,^ ^^^^^^ thgMas tayLgr sChoLarCha hVntIngtgnIensIs pIetatIs et) _ ^ IVsT^ LIteratVr^ athLetes E sChoLa et VIta reCessIt./" ^ '^ A manuscript volume in the British Museum Library (Lansdowne, 919), compiled about the year 1660, gives the following epitaphs, which were at the principal church of Banbury, in Oxfordshire, at that period. That church was pulled down, 'needlessly, and with difficulty,' Anni Dni. LOCAL CHRONOGRAMS. 15 in 1793, and the present ugly church was built instead. It may be inferred from the ' History of Banbury,' by Alfred Beesley, 1844, that the monuments and inscriptions no longer exist. The author also quotes the manuscript, which, at page 91, says: 'In the churchyard, on a great raised monument, William Whateley, lecturer in this church, 35, vicar 29 years, was here interred May y^ 14, 1639.' Then follows a page of Latin and English verse, two anagrams on his name, and three chronograms, the first quoted from the Epistle to the Romans x. 15, the second from Revelation xxii. 20 — '1639. VenVstI sVnt peDes eIVs qVI eVangeLIzat saLVteM. = 1639 1639. VsqVe qVos VenI DoMIne IesV CVr non VenIs. = 1639 .^tatis ejus 56. LVgebIs. = 56 Looke on hIs years \_ ^ then poVre forth tears. /" ^ It is also mentioned that in a chapel on the north side of the church was a monument to William Knight, a justice of the peace, on which was this chronogram, date of his death and his age — beatI ILLI InqVIt spIrItVs qVI In DoMIno obIerVnt. — "I _ , Apoc. xiv. 13. j — ^ 31 senIo bono aggregatVs est popVLarIbVs sVIs. = 73 The printed title-page of the first edition of ' A thankfull remem- brance of God's mercy. In an historicall collection of the great and mercifull deliverances of the Church and State of England since the gospell began here to flourish from the beginning of Queene Elizabeth. Collected by Geo. Carleton, Doctor of Divinitie, and Bishop of Chichester. . . . London : Printed for Robert Mylbourne, and Humphrey Robinson, and are to be sold at the great south door of Paul's. 1624.' There is an engraved frontispiece, with a chronogram of 1624. There is a third edition in 1627, having an engraved title- page, with the chronogram of the first edition, and a chronogram for 1625, probably engraved for a second edition. These are the chronograms — sanCtVs est DoMInVs In operIbVs sVIs. = 1624 qVIs sICVt tV DoMIne In fortIbVs. = 1625 The next is from a book, ' Epitaphs collected by Old Mortality, Jun'''; it is said to be taken from an antique sculptured shield in the front of the tower of St. Edmund's Church, Salisbury : ' The Lord did marvellously preserve a great congregation of his people from the fall of the tower in this place upon the sabbath day, being June 26, 1653 ; praIse hIM o yee Children.' = 1653 III. COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. MISCELLANEO US. HE custom of writing complimentary and congratulatory verses prevailed on the continent of Europe in the sixteenth century and later, especially in Germany and the Low Countries. The presence of such compositions in printed books bears testimony to this remark, and even suggests, by their number, that a great many more verses may have been written and privately circulated without being printed, and so have passed away beyond recovery. The verses which I allude to are most frequently in the Latin language, and the writers of them were mostly accomplished scholars, either as laymen or ecclesiastics, actuated by motives of admiration or flattery. The attainment by a friend to some academical or social dignity, the publication of some important literary work, a marriage, a birthday anniversary, a funeral, the election of a bishop, the accession to a regal or imperial throne, and these and many other circumstances have afforded an opportunity for addressing a couplet, a brief stanza, an epigram, or an ode, to mark the particular occasion. The chronogram date appears often as the principal feature, or as an accompanying ornament — a finishing touch, as it were, to a longer com- position. More rarely a whole poem, extending even to hundreds of lines, is written in chronogram, repeating so many times the date of the circumstance of which it is the subject. Neglected old books and tracts afford many examples of this use of chronograms, showing by their dates thus expressed the long prevalence of the custom. Examples are to be found more scantily in works in the earlier part of the present century. The following marriage congratulations, mostly hexameter and pentameter couplets, will serve to illustrate a class simple in form ; and I venture to add some close translations, though they may fail to improve on the neat Latin compositions. On the marriage of Theodore Hultzcher and Elizabeth Henning at Marpurg, on May 27, 1594 — MaIVs Vt affVLget terr^ ter LVCe noVena \ _ EN Casta est hVLtser IVnCta pVeLLa tIbL j ~ ^^^ i.e. When May shines to the earth on the thrice ninth day, Lo ! the chaste girl is joined to thee, O Hultzcher. COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. 17 Several congratulatory poems follow the chronogram ; the last of the series concludes thus — sIt thaLaMVs feLIX sponsI spoNSi^QVE IVgaLIs, \_ ET CresCet soroLes sICVt oLIVa pIIs. / ~ ^" i.e. May the married state be happy to the husband and wife, and may offspring increase like olive branches to the pious coj^ple. The date of a marriage at Rostock is thus given at the end of some verses — oCtaVa Vt Ca<:LI sVrgIt LVX CLara noVeMbrIs 1 ^ IVnCta est, en, sponso, sponsa petIta, tIbI. / ^^' i.e. When the eighth clear light of heaveii {or day) of November rises, Lo I the desired bride is joined to thee, the bridegroom. The date of a marriage at Griefswalde, in Prussia, is thus expressed — VLtIMa nVnC IanI LVX orta, probante IehoVa \_ g IVnCta est hIC CLaro sponsa petIta VIro. ]~ ^^ i.e. Now, the last day of January has arrived, tvith God's approval the devoted bride is joined to the illustrious man. The marriage of Justus Ungel and Gertrude Hober, at Marpurg, on October 28, 1612, is dated by this couplet at the end of some sixteen verses, composed as a ' cento ' on lines from Virgil ; no other form of date is given — Vt qVater oCtobrIs septeM LVX fVLget ab aXe, \_ , tVnC sponso VnkeLeo beLLa pVeLLa VenIt. /"" i.e. When four times the seventh day of October shines from above, then the lovely girl coines to her espoused Ungel. A considerable number of verses were issued to congratulate Peter Elias Schrotter and Anna Catharina Vigel on their marriage, at Marpurg, on October 16, 16 15, comprising these chronograms of the month and year — VIgeLIa, oCtobrI, sChrotero heIC IVngItVr, aCtV,1 ^ Mense; noVIs IVstVs sIt noVVs hICqVe thorVs, j ^ i.e. Miss Vigel is really joined to this Mr. Schrotter i?i the October month ; may this new marriage be a right one to this new couple. HoC ANNO, oCtobrI, CeLebrat sChroterVs eLL\s \^ g petrVs perConstans IntIMa festa thorI. J ^ i.e. This year, in October, the most constant Elias Peter Schrotter celebrates the marriage festival. In the nuptial poems addressed to Christopher Schellenberg, this couplet alone gives the date, September 11, 1559 — ChrLstophoro ConIVnX sCheLnbergo VbI ContIgIt anna\^ ^ LVX septeMbrIs IIt ter noVa bIsqVe qVater. j ^^^ i.e. When Anna became a wife to Christopher Schellenberg, the new light of September had departed three and twice four times. 3 i8 COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. On the marriage of a lady of distinction, named Florence Weza, from a work by C. Brusch, Chronologia Monasteriorum Germantce — VVezan^ stIrpIs fLorentIa nVpsIt heLI^e, rabensteInero qVI patre natVs erat ; ConIVgII serVator eIs fceLICIa Donet seCLa, Det et sponsIs prospera fata bonIs. i.e. Florence of the race of Weza was married to Helias, who was a son of Rabe7istein ; may the Saviour give to thetn happy years oftvedlock, and may He give prosperity to good husba?ids. Examples such as these might be quoted in abundance on the matrimonial alliances of persons of ordinary social rank. Personages in the highest positions were applauded and congratulated in pro- portion to their importance. Flattery, conveyed in the clothing of extravagant allegory and poetical metaphor mixed with chronograms, was employed to glorify them, perhaps also intended to reflect a degree of importance on the authors, to gain for themselves favour or reward. The installation of bishops was a fertile subject, and volumes are filled with chronogrammatic compositions by Jesuit and ecclesiastical scholars in honour of their superiors in dignity. The Prince-Bishops of Wiirzburg and Bamberg have been especially praised in this manner. Many bishops in the Netherlands and the bishops of Fulda have had 1632 A manuscript volume in the British Museum, ' Letters of Eminent Dutchmen,' contains some verses by Conrad Schenck, addressed to Peter Moutz on his marriage, ' Cum lectissima et castissima virgine Anna van Lom Segeri filia, Venloo, 4 Non : Febr : 1631.' The last line is as follows — fceDere ConIVgII IVnXIt se MoetzIVs, ann^e. = 1631 i.e. Moetz has joified himself to Anna by the compact of wedlock. It would seem that his earthly happiness was but of short duration ; the next verses tell us that he died in the following year, on the day after the day of St. Paul (January 25) — postrIDIe paVLI petrVs MoVts raptVs ab orbe ) _ VergIt In .ethereI regna beata poLI. /~ i.e. On the day after Saint Paul^ Peter Moutz, taken from the world, moves to the blessed kingdoms of the heavenly skies. On the marriage of the lawyer Antony de Vuldere and Jodoca Prostia. This is a Flemish chronogram, and an example of the customary neglect of the letter D as a numeral, as already noticed, and the abbreviation of the ultimate syllable * que ' in order to avoid an extra numeral letter — L/eta patet CceLo, patet, en LVX seXta noVeMbrIs\ ConsCIa VVLderI prostIoL^q : torI ; / i.e. The joyful sixth day of November is manifest in the heavens, conscious of the marriage of Vulder and little Prostia. = 1595 1550 COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. 19 their full share of chronogrammatic praise. Indeed, almost every bishop of eminence in German and Flemish lands has had reason to be gratified with published congratulations adorned with, or composed in, quaint chronograms of the dates. An instance of quiet flattery is to be seen inscribed under an engraved portrait of Henry Gabriel van Gamaren, the frontispiece to a dramatic Latin address in classic form when he was reigning as the sixteenth bishop of Antwerp, by the students of the Gymnasium there.^ Exalted praise of him is conveyed in the first hne by means of his second name, Gabriel, which is explained in a footnote as meaning, 'Vir Dei,' in allusion to Luke i. 19 : 'I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God'; and verse 26; 'The Angel Gabriel was sent from God.' Observe also the frequent playful repetition of the syllable, the first word ' Vir.' The verses are as follows — VIr VIrtVte DeI,2 fVLgens VIrtVtIs IMago, ) henrICVs pr^sVL VIVUs In effIgIe. / 1766 Ut VIrtVte Deo VIgeas, antVerpIa, sponsVs \ _ ^^ VIrtVtf. eX aLto LUCet IMago tUI. /~ ^^oo MaJestas pIetasqUe VIgent VIrtVtIs In Una "\ _ ,^ seDe: pIIs lux est, qUI VIr apostoLICUs. /" '7°° saCra eVangeLII LUCens fLagransqUe LUCerna, \ _ ,, QUI LUX eXeMpLIs, fULget et eLoqUIIs. ]~ ^7°° 1766 qUI pUra popULUM sUb reLLIgIone tUetUr, qUo tVtore DeI greX sIne Labe VIget. pasCIt oVes ChrIstI, VerbIs qUI bIbLIa saCrIs \ _ .. eXpLICat: Ut LUX, sIC forMa, saLUsqUe gregIs. /~ ^-^^° i.e. A man in the virtue oj God, the shining image of virtue, Henry the bishop is alive in this portrait. O Antwerp, so mayest thou flourish iti virtue with God, as thy betrothed image shines in virtue from oti high. The majesty and piety of virtue flourish on one throne ; it is a lig/it to the pious, even he this apostolic man. The sacred, the shi7iing, and the burning light of the Gospel, the light w/iich shines in his example and eloquetice. It is he who maintains the people in pure religion, and by the same protection God's flock flourishes. He feeds Christ's sheep, zvho develops the sabred 7Vords in the Bible ; as he is the light, so is he the fold and the safety of the sheep. Many pages are filled with panegyric verses, in varied metre, sprinkled with chronograms of the year when he became the sixteenth Bishop of Antwerp, and solemnly entered the Cathedral ; among them is this couplet, at page 23 — VIVe DIU feLIX ; hIC s^CULa pLUra gUbernes ; ) _ aC fIDeI In CceLIs sUsCIpe serta tU^. ]~ ^^^9 i.e. Live long aftd happily ; mayest thou govern here for many ages, and then in heaven take thou the crown of thy faith. * See Chronograms Continued, pp. 572 and 574. ^ GABRIEL : Vir Dei. 20 COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. Another address to this bishop was issued by the Jesuits of Antwerp. It fills twenty pages, composed in Latin hexameters, followed by six pages of engraved emblems and chronogrammatic verses, bearing allusion to his armorial badge, a watch-dog crowned ; under these figures his watchfulness over his flock is fancifully typified and applauded. The chronograms all give the date 1759. This and the preceding address are described in Chronograms Coniitiued, pages 572 and 574. See also a later page in this volume, Bishop Dominicus Gentis. The praises of Dukes of Brunswick and of Hesse in Latin poetry and prose, with a great number of chronograms, have filled hundreds of pages. A panegyric ode, in honour of Antonius Ulric, Duke of Brunswick, was written by Joannes Rempen, in rhyming sapphic metre, consisting of 228 lines, 57 stanzas of pretty flowing Latin, all in chronogram, giving the date 1704 by each stanza. It commences thus — Ipse sI pLeCtro Crepitans ebVrno phcebVs eXCeLso saLIat CothVrno, NON erIt CantV, fIDIbVsqVe VIso PAR PARADIsO. This John Rempen was a noted man in his day ; he was originally a Jesuit, and a member of the Benedictine Order. He wrote much Latin poetry and a multitude of chronograms in praise of his patrons, who professed the same opinions as his own, and some bitter ones against Martin Luther and his wife Catherine Bora, a nun, whom he married in 1525. About the year 1707 he adopted the doctrines of Luther, and wrote panegyrics on him. An octavo volume of great rarity, consisting of 376 pages, mostly in chronogram, contains his particular writings here alluded to ; it comprises 1,050 chronograms of various dates from 1688 to 17 10. The title-page is ; ' Delicige Parnassi, sive poemata selectiora, auctore Joanne Rempen, philosophise et theologias quondam apud pontificios professore publico, modo autem professore in Academia Julia. Helmstadt, 17 11.' He even marked the period of his determination to abide by the newly-adopted doctrines by this Leonine chronogram, which I find appended as a date to an oration spoken by him at the Julian Academy, at Helmstadt, on April 18— ANNO qVo IVro sVb DogMate VIVere pVro, '\ _ optataqVe fVga spVrCa reLInqVo IVga. / ~ i.e. The year in which I swear to live tinder the pure doctrine, and with the wished-for escape I abandon the foul yoke. Rempen was fond of writing his opinions in Leonine verses. One of his publications is dated by the following couplet in that form, in which he declares his contempt for the system he had in former years strenuously upheld — = 1704 1709 COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. 21 ANNO qVo VanI: styX fVnDIt fVLgVr Inane ) _ papatVsqVe Latrat, stVLtItIaMqVe patrat. j~ ^7°9 i.e. In the year when the river Styx vainly hurls an empty thunderbolt, and the papacy barks and perpetrates folly. And by another, a Leonine couplet, he dates one of his university disputations thus — papatVs noX est ; IbI pap^ non nIsI VoX est ; \ _ o faX nItet orta MeI LeX speCIosa DeI. ]~ ^^ i.e. The papacy is night ; nothing is there but the voice of the Pope ; light has arisen and shines, the beautiful lazv of my God. Further mention of Rempen and more extensive extracts from his works will be found later on in this volume. See the Index for reference thereto. -^-l-?<3+- — — Chronogram writings assume such a quaint variety of form, that there is constant inducement to wander through them and follow the devious paths of research. But we return now to the congratulations. The Austrian governors of the Netherlands were congratulated on their arrival in the provinces, and on their visits to the principal cities ; and public ceremonies with pageants marked the occasions. Inscriptions with chronograms of the date were profusely exhibited among the decorations of the streets, many of which have been preserved in books describing the circumstances. Chronogrammatic addresses were also pubHshed by some of the public authorities. From the publications relating to the following governors, hundreds of chronograms can be gathered : Albert, Archduke of Austria, and Isabella Clara Eugenia his wife, 1598 to 1609 ; Ferdinand, Infanta of Spain, 1634; John of Austria, 1656; Leopold William, 1674; Maria Antonia, 1692; Count de Daun, 1725; Charles Alexander, 1749; Maria Christina and Albert Casimir, 1791. All these are described, some in my two published volumes, and some at later pages of this present volume, with copious extracts ; and probably there were other similar congratulations in existence which I have not yet been fortunate enough to discover. The German Universities published in the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries a great number of complimentary addresses with chronograms ; the latter are mostly too fanciful and prolix to be interesting when extracted from the text which indicates their special meaning. A great many emanated from the University of VViirzburg ; thus, when the degree of doctor was on May 5, 1700, conferred on four members, an elaborate allegory was composed and addressed to them, entitled, ' Corollae Majales ' (described in Chro?iograms Continued, pages 318 to 328), a series of Latin chronogrammatic poems, supposed to be recited by certain flowers, roses, tulips, etc., woven into chaplets for crowning the doctors ; all are exceedingly curious, several being composed in chronograms. This couplet stands at the conclusion : 22 COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. DoCtoraLe CapVt VIrIDes hos serVet honores; \_ CVnCtaqVe sic ViREAT LVsTRA VoLente IoVe! /~ ^700 i.e. May the doctorial head preserve these verdant honours ; so, God willing, may he flourish through all time! ■^m^-'m- In tracing the application of chronograms in the highest social ranks, we find that emperors and potentates have had their full share of congratulation and applause. I may mention particularly the Emperors of Germany, Leopold I. in 1689, Joseph I., Charles VI., and others, who have been the subjects of hundreds of chronograms, giving the dates of their birth, marriage, coronation, political events, religious occasions, battles, victories, death, and funeral. Sumptuous volumes with fine and remarkable engravings contain some of these compositions, which must have commanded the admiration of all readers who could recognise their merits, and the difficulties of making chronograms. Whatever may be said now, in our busy days, about the waste of time over such work, one cannot help wondering at these literary vagaries. For instance, to do honour to the visit of the Emperor Leopold I. and his wife Eleonora, and their son, Joseph I., King of Hungary, to Augsburg, we find, among other curious matters, the ' Te Deum ' done into Latin hexameter and pentameter chronogram couplets, of the date 1689 twenty-six times repeated; also the * Benedicite omnia opera ' similarly treated, giving the same date twenty times. Here is the commencement of the ' Te Deum ' — TE nVMen LaVDare IVVat sVper ^thera regnans \_ ^j, NObIs tV ASTRA REGENS CoNFItEArIs HERVs. } ~ ^ ^ te pater oMnIpotens teLLVs VeneratVr, et .ether, "\_ .r> 689 689 A qVo STAT aXes, sIDereIqVe gLobI. spIrItVs angeLICI tIbI, CceLI, et qV^qVe potestas CVM CherVbIn, seraphIn L^eta troph^ea CanVnt. sanCtVs Io ! SABAOTH DeVs, ante est s^CVLa sanCtVs, LaVDe Io ! et sterna In s^eCVLa sanCtVs erIt. And here the commencement of the " Benedicite," etc., etc. — VoCe CreatorI beneDICIte CVnCta Creata, \^ ,„ eXVLtate Deo, qVI est sVper astra regens, / ^ aLIgerI pLaVsV beneDICIte CVnCtIpotentI, ) ^^g perpetVaqVe poLI DICIte VoCe bene. / ^ et beneDICIte aqV^ sVnt sVper aera CgeLI, 1 ^g CVnCt^e et VIrtVtes ore DeCente Canant. / ^ appLaVsV beneDICIte soL, et LVna IehoV^, \_ ^j, ET steLL^ CceLI LVCe VoVete Deo. / ^ These productions are described, with copious extracts, in Chrono- grams, pages 382-390. The Emperor Leopold I. and the Empress Leonora themselves composed chronograms ; a book, ' Germania Austriaca, seu Topo- COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. 23 graphia,' etc., etc., published by the Jesuits at Vienna, 1701, narrates that Leopold and Eleonora, returning to Vienna after their marriage, rested at the Benedictine monastery of Gottweih, where they made this triple chronogram, and the Emperor wrote it with his own hand on the wall of their bedchamber. (See C/ironograms, page 132.) LeopoLDVs IMperator, et eLeonora eIVs VXor. = 1677 peraCtIs passaVII nVptIIs L^tI VIennaM reDeVntes. = 1677 In gottVICensIas CeterIo DIVI beneDICtI reLIgIonI\ _ saCro hoC sCrIpserVnt. / ~ i.e. The Emperor Leopold, atid Eleonora his wife, their mipiials having been celebrated at Fassau, returning joyfully to Vienna, ivrote this in the jnonastery of Gottweih, sacred to Saint Benedict and to religion. — -^-r^^ 1677 When Charles *III. of Spain, and King of Hungary, was elected Emperor of Germany in 171 1, and also at his coronation, there were public rejoicings with emblematic decorations, and chronogram in- scriptions, at many places. According to a tract published at Ratisbon, these were to be seen there — CaroLVM eLegIt DeVs ! = 171 1 a Deo Corona, a Corona paX prIMa = 1711 CVM CiESARE ET GREGE ErIt DeVs ! = 171I i.e. God hath chosen Charles. — The crown is from God, and most important peace from the crown. — God tvill be with the Emperor and the people. Deo trIVnI sanCto pro CaroLo seXto C^sare aVstrIaCo HlSPANliE REGE TERXlO \ = 171I aVgVsto feLICI atqVe pIo DepJtas grates ha ret sVppLeX ratIspona. i.e. To the triune holy God, suppliant Ratisbon owes bounden thanks for the Charles who is the sixth as Austrian emperor and the third as king of Spain, august, happy, and pious. From other publications, hundreds of chronograms of the same events may be gathered ; these are some neat examples — CaroLVs reX hIspanI^e CathoLICVs ELIglTVR reX IMperII\_ et C^sar VI. oCtobre XII. /" ^7" i.e. Charles, the Catholic monarch of Spain, is elected as monarch of the empire, a?id the sixth eviperor {of that name), on the 12th of October. CaroLVs reX hIspanI^ CathoLICVs ConspIratLs VotIs\ _ franCofVrtI eLIgItVr reX et IMperator VI. ]~ ^'^^ i.e. Charles, the Catholic King of Spain, is elected at Frankfort by harmonious votes as monarch and emperor, the sixth of that name. 24 COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS. HoC ANNO Corona IMperatorIs et regnI DatVr regI\_ hIspanI^. j- ^7" t'.e In this year the croivn of the emperor and of the kingdom is given to the king of Spain. gaVDete gerManI CoronatVr C^^sar noster = 1711 i.e. Rejoice, O Germans, our emperor is crowtied. It is interesting to peruse the literature of this part of the subject ; the compositions afford examples of chronograms mixed with cabala, anagram, logogryph, and other forms of literary conceits long since passed out of use. They may be seen in a volume in the British Museum library, which bears an old manuscript note on the fly-leaf: * A collection of various pieces on occasion of the election and corona- tion of the Emperor Charles VL' The press mark 9,315, f- 1-7 folio. Almost every man of distinction in those days was the subject of a chronogram ; the events of his life were thereby marked ; the final event, his death, was equally the theme of chronogrammatic epigrams, lamentations and epitaphs. Among the churches of Germany, in books, on medals, indeed almost everywhere, and in all possible manner, they are to be found, composed concisely in one or two words, or by any length of verbiage the writer might be able to invent. All of them which remain unimpaired by time or decay are a sure and safe record of dates when the same is not stated in ordinary figures. IV. FURTHER COMPLIMENTARY VERSES. HIS chapter is a continuation of the subject discoursed of in the preceding one. It gives a place to examples, in a more extended form, such as I find it better to detach from those which relate to important personages, who more naturally belong to the greater stream of history. Rare books have supplied me with what follows. ' Poesis artificiosa cum sibi prrefixa perfacili manuductione ad Parnassum, tam veterum, quam recentiorum Poetarum authoritate studiosb elaborata, In usum studiosse juventutis proposita. By R. P. F. Paschasius. Printed at Wiirzburg, 1668.' This is the title of a curious little book, size five inches by three inches, pp. 275, besides index, etc., with portrait of Baron Paumgarten, and engraved frontis- piece.^ It discourses on the composition of Latin verses, and gives very many examples of quaint and fanciful forms of that art, including chronograms. The following compUmentary verses are given at p. 74 of the book — In Sanctissimam Virginem. fILIa VIrgo parens tIbI fIDos Cerne MInIstros. In Joannem Bernardum. gratIa In Ipsa IVVat, MeL CVnCtIs sVaVIa LIbat, sVaVIa CVnCta fa Vent, gratIa IVnCta VIget. In Seraphinum sibi amicum. spes Mea post seraphIne VaLe Dent astra VaLebo, VIrtVtI, VIVaX VIVere VIta fa Vet. In Franciscum SS. Theologise Lectorem Natalizantem Carmelit {sic). franCIsCI nataLIs aDest optatVs, aDeste L^tI, 'LjetICIm CantICa grata sonent. appreCor IgnIs ait, soL rIDeo, gaVDeo steLLa, franCIa franCIsCI terra paterna, Cano. = 1663 1_ = 1666 } = y- 1666 1662 1662 ^ My copy is in the original white deerskin binding with clasps. 26 COMPLIMENTARY VERSES. J \ = J }= aCh ! si franCIsCVM CItIVs sVa terra tVLIsset, \ ^ VeL paVLVS feLIX, aVt petrVs Ipse foret. eXCeLLens paVLVs VIrtVtIs aMore VIrILIs, eXCeLLens petrVs reLLIgIone sVa. InseqVItVr IVgIter feLIX franCIsCVs VbIqVe, naM ILLI Cor paVLI, reLLIgIoqVe petrI. hVIC petrI pIetas, hVIC est ConstantIa paVLI paVLVs hIC et petrVs est, VnVs VtrVMqVe refert.^ nVLLo opVs eXeMpLo, neqVe pLVra referre neCesse\_ eXtat ; In eXCeLso nosCItVr VngVe Leo.^ J sl NON pVgnantI fors CresCeret ergo CoronIs \ _ CceLI fran-CIsCI Mens satIata foret ? j ~ haVD pVto, naM VERk VIVet per nestorIs annos, \ ^ qVI qV^VIs pVgnans VIVIfICare potest. J pLVrIbVs hIC IgItVr VIVat franCIsCVs In annIs, \ ^ DoneC eI LICeat VIVere In aXe Deo. J — F. Greg. Carm. The author then passes on to cabahstic and arithmetical verses. These are not strictly chronogrammatic, although intimately associated with them, as mentioned in my two former volumes on Chronograms, where also the ' arithmetical ' examples are more fully represented by the groups of ' Dates quaintly expressed,' some further examples of which will be found towards the end of this present volume. 1662 1662 1662 1662 1662 1662 The 'Chronicon Riddagshusense,' 1620, edited by H. Meibomius, contains at page 125 some verses in honour of Peter Windruvius, Abbot of Riddagshausen Monastery, near Brunswick, which are thus dated — Distichon numerale diem et annum inaugurationis continens, anDre^e noVa LVX noVa fert InsIgnIa petro, "\ _ Det DeVs, Ipse rogo prospera fata tIbi. / i.e. The morning of Saint Andrew brings neiv honours to Peter; may God Himself give thee prosperity, I pray. = 1586 A printed broadsheet, headed with an engraving representing Faith and Charity, with Hope in the centre between them holding an This chronogram makes 1562 ; it is so in the original. This chronogram makes 1667 ; it is so in the original. COMPLIMENTARY VERSES. 27 armorial shield ; beneath are the following chronograms, printed in black and red : VIVat Ioannes ChrIstophorVs ab IMhof ! pater patrI^e) _ VrbJs ET gentIs DeCVs ; j ^^^^ GOTT GEBE, \ Dass VVIr Vnter Ihnen eIn gerVhIges Leben FVHRENy= 1732 Mogen, In aLLer gottseLIgkeIt ! J Lang Lebe Vnser theVrer IM-hof ! so stehet Vnser\_ VVerthes VatterLanD In fLor. j ^'^^ ER VVIrD Lang Leben, VnD nVrnberg VVahren frIeDen\ _ sChaffen. J ^'^^ Proposed translation : Long live John Christopher von Imhof, the father of his country, the ornament of his city and nation ! God grant that we may live a peaceable life, in all God's blessing ! Long live our dear Imhof; so stands our worthy fatherland in flourishing condition. He will live long, and Nuremberg will continue to promote peace. FLEMISH BROADSHEETS. A CUSTOM prevailed in Flanders of congratulating persons on events affecting their pleasure or welfare by means of ' broad- sheets ' — large sheets of paper containing an assemblage of verses printed in bold type, and circulated among friends, or posted up at places where they would attract public notice. These broadsheets being, perhaps, of but temporary interest, or being too large to merit the preservation usually accorded to books of a handy size, readily met the fate that befalls waste-paper, while the few which did escape became hidden in obscurity, and consequently are of rare occurrence to the book-collector. I possess a thick folio volume (or scrap-book) filled with such broadsheets, folded down to a uniform size, and put together by a contemporary owner. The persons, mostly living in Flemish towns, for whose gratification they were produced, are felicitated on a variety of occasions, such as the attainment of academical honours, church preferment, or accession to office ; on marriages ; on maids or widows entering a beguinage for a hfe of quiet seclusion, or on leaving for the sake of change, or even marriage ; on the taking the veil, or discarding it for like reasons, or on a priest at his first consecration of the host ; there is a jubilee of a choir-boy who, it seems, had lived to sing for fifty years ; the observance of gold and silver weddings ; there is an instance of a golden wedding, a silver one, and a quarter jubilee (12^ years) of a marriage, held simultaneously in one and the same family ; and even a priest is congratulated on his marriage. These 1759 28 FLEMISH BROADSHEETS. represent some of the subjects, and the ' general reader ' who might be able to read the Flemish language would find in them a mine of curious gossip, because nearly all are printed in that language. The collection consists of 119 congratulatory and complimentary addresses, nearly all of which, being dated by chronograms, present a special attraction ; 114 of them are dated with a total number of 248 chrono- grams, 200 being composed in Flemish, and 48 in Latin. Some of these come from brothers, sisters, and relatives of the person indicated ; and occasionally the printer contributes his good wishes in the like form. A few extracts must suffice. Verses to a priest, Placidus van Dyck, ' provisor ' of his monastery on the jubilee of his duties • he is addressed as ' perdilecte senex,' ' venerande senex,' and, in the chronogram verses as a gray and good man — VIr Cane et bone, VIrtUtes VIrtUtIbUs aUge, ) ^ nUMen Ut In astrIs Det tIbI paCe frVI. / "~ pLaCIDo proVIsorI bene MerIto Confratres. = 1759 The next invokes a blessing on Catherine Diercxsens — Ut soL In MeDIe nebUL^ VIret VIrebItqUe, 1 ^ g Ita VIr ago CatharIna. j '^ The next is entitled — ' Panegyris aggratulatoria reverendo patri P. Joanni de Hondt verbum incarnatum in mystico oratorii Bethleera, sub auspiciis trium Regum primitus Deo Patri immolanti.' chronica. Ioannes saCrIfICat Deo hostIaM = 1704 ET sanCtIfICat DIgnItateM. = 1704 A congratulation to the reverend and most learned Baldwin de Housta, of the Augustine Order, Provincial Prior for Belgium, on his visit to Dendermonde, by the inmates of the Augustine college there — InsIgnIs v^ baLDUInUs hoUsta prIor ) ^ proVInCIaLIs VIgeat, VoVeMUs. / '^9 Anni, mensis, et Diei. PAL.^iSTRiE tIronIbUs tertIo kaLenDas IULII 1 eXoptato patrI baLDUIno De hoUsta -= 1749 obseqUIose offerebatUr. J aCCInente franCIsCo brUYnInCX sYntaXIano \ ^ ^ CoLLegII MagnI patrIs aUgUstInI / '^^ The next is on a fragment of an address — VIVat DIU Van steenWInCkeL LoNci; eXpertIssIMUs. = 1742 Applaudit Domus Pastoralis Divi Michaelis. A large sheet of verses in the Flemish language, on the glorious victory over the devil effected by the solemn profession of John Francis de Coninck at the Augustines' in Mechlin, bears this date — eX CorDe preCor : reX In ^ternUM VI Ve. = 1737 Daniel \\. 21. geDICht en opgeDraeghen UYt \^ affeCtIe en geneghentheYt Van UWe VrIenDen. J '^' FLEMISH BROADSHEETS. 29 Verses addressed to Rev. Ludovicus Bosch on his first ofificiating, at Louvain, September 8, 17 19, conclude thus — gratULor LUDoVICe prIMItIas. = 17 19 Congratulatory verses addressed (by his brothers and sisters) to Rev. Paul John Vander Cammen, Canon of Grimberg, on his first celebration at the abbey church there — Dona DeUs respeXIt abeL, seCUs ILLa CaInI : \ Insons Ipse fUIt, seD fUIt ILLe noCens. I _ , sIC qUoqUe saCratIs assIstens presbYter arIs f ~ ^ ' pUrUs CorDe, Deo gratUs, Ut abeL, erIs. j VersUs Istos eX Vero affeCtU gerManI DICarUnt. = 1738 The first four lines constitute a ' double chronogram,' equal to 3476, which being divided by two produces the date 1738 twice. Verses addressed to Rev. Cornelius Jansen, Canon of St. James's Collegiate Church at Antwerp, on the first occasion of his officiating there on July 25, 1707. ConDeCoratVr neoMYsta. = 1707 Magno Deo ConseCraVIstI. = 1707 Duplex chronicon. aLMo saCra Deo Vera pIetate LItabas = 1707 gLorIa De CceLIs sIt, neoMYsta, tIbI. = 1707 DonaVIt Charo aMICo = 1707 MIChaeL IosephVs De geLre. = 1707 Further extracts in illustration of this curious use of chronograms might be made with advantage, were it not for the disadvantage of the language in which they are composed ; many pages might be so filled, and the collection in the volume would prove to be a field worth exploring by a worker at local history. The subject of broadsides is mentioned in my published work, Chronograms Co7itinued, pages 49 and 541. A NEW-YEAR-DA Y ADDRESS. A RARE little pamphlet printed at Brieg. There are two places in Europe bearing this name : one a town on the river Oder, not far from Breslau, in Silesia, the other in Switzerland. The former is probably the place represented by the Latin word Brig^ on the title-page, of which the print on the following page is an imitation. Carolus Ferdinandus a Schertz is the author. The size of the pamphlet is six and a half inches by four inches, and it contains thirty-one pages. The dates 1716 and 1717 are indicated by the double chronogram which forms the title. The same date is expressed in like manner throughout ; and there is no instance of the appearance of a date in figures. eteoftlCha Intra anni pr^terl- tl CVrsVM eDIta atqVe nVnC CVrlofo In ftrenaM Data Per CAROLUM FERDINANDUM a SCHERTZ. BRIGjE. Typis GoDOFREDi Trampii. A NEW-YEAR-DAY ADDRESS. 31 This title is to be read thus — eteostICha Intra annI pr.eterItI CVrsVM eDIta, = 1716 atqVe nVnC CVrIoso In strenaM Data. = 17 17 The words of the chronogram explain the two dates 1716,1717. I propose this translation : Chronogram verses betzveen the past and the present year^ offered to thoughtfiil man as a New Year's gift. The work is dedicated to Francis Philip Joseph ab Hoditz & Wolframitz, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, and is signed by this chronogram of the author's name — serVVs DeUICaVIt De sChertz. = 1717 The dedicatory address then prcceeds thus — ILLVstrIor VIr 1 CoMes InsIgnIor hoDItz, / ^^^^ Te distinctius Musophilum a politioribus literis tersissimum, ingentis eruditionis virtute venustissimum quantanum veneratione reverear, nostras percallet vicinia ; tanta veneratio quo magis et aliis dispalescat, tibi typicis lito literis ! sonipedem immolo Pegasum. Illi magnificae bibliothecae tuae in Meltz e divinctissimo corde in corollam. O bellum fontem, sic Bellerophonte venusto ! Appendens et Chronodistichon In qualequale Anathema ; De qVo Crebro bIbI fonteM gratVsqVe Corono ! = 17 17 sVbsCrIbens : fIrMo peCtore Dego tVVs ! = 17 17 setatem cliens obsequentissimus. C. F. a SCHERTZ. Then follows the portrait of the author, a facsimile of which is given on the following page. It is surrounded by chronograms, some of which are quotations, and are to be read thus — ConstItVI te regeM, sapIentIa et sCTentIa Data sVnt.^ = 17 16 I.H.S. Regis ad exemplum. sic DICtVs regIs, IaM proprIeqVe regIs. = 17 16 VeLLVs geDeonIs MagnI patrIarCh^. IonatII ! = 1716 Me GERE regeM !^ [gregIs ! beatVs Ioannes franCIsCVs regIs De greMIo segregIs = 17 16 soCIetatIs IesV DIstInCtIor aMethystVs ! = 1716 nVLLI tVa forMa s?:CVnDa !3 = 17 16 CceLo TE LaVDIbVs ^qYeM !* = 1716 ^ Refers to 2 Chron. i. 11 and X2. The words in the Vulgate Version are 'constitui te regem, sapientia et scientia data sunt tibi.' - The meaning of this line is not clear ; it is retrograde, and reads the same forwards and backwards. It is not a chronogram. The capital letters M are for the commencement of the sentence either way, and not to stand as numerals = 1000. ^ Ovid, i., Amorum, viii. 25. "• Virgil, iEn. xi. 125. The line is ' Vir Trojane, quibus coelo te laudibus 8eq.uem?' — By what praises shall I exalt thee to heaven ? ^^^^i^^^^^^^^ ^^ MJ | ll | WPllM!Hi l l l ilipWI i>r^ ^ iVrjA'_'i .a.C v'nn'rakaT^'r iJ^ H-^ i^-^f See page 31. A NEW^YEAR-DAY ADDRESS. 33 IMago aLterIVs s^CVLI nItIDIor!^ = 1716 beatVM sic VenerabatVr De sChertz. = 17 16 The subject is a kind of retrospect of events during tlie year 17 16, relating more especially to the war in Hungary, and the defeat and flight of the Turks, expressed mostly in Latin verse chronograms. There is frequent mention of ' Luna,' the crescent on the Turkish flag, meaning the armies of the Turks. The author leads off with these allusions to some European sovereigns — a IoVe prInCIpIVM DeCantet trLia poiisis, = 17 16 A Vero Ver6 sVCCIno Metra Deo! = 1716 strenVL^ ChronoLogo VersV MagnIs Dat^e. = 17 16 dementi XL, Pontifico maximo. eXpLosIs IansenIstIs^ bene DIrIge CLeMens ! =1716 To the most august Emperor Charles VI. C./ESAR VI pVgnes, et tVrCas ense DoMato ! = 1 7 16 To the King of France, Louis XV. eXCresCas, seD fInItIMIs ne forsItan obsIs ! = 1716 To the King of England, George I. HoC opteM J faVstVs gaVDeto paCe georgI ! = 1716 To the King of Poland. Sfanislae miser sfa, non prsetendito Regnum ! CresCas saXo seDens, perManeasqVe nItens ! = 1716 To Luna, the crescent of Turkey. speM gero ; DeCresCens toto eXtVrbaberIs orbe ! = 1716 A MoDo fortVna tVrC^ spoLIabere LVna ! = 17 16 The chronograms which follow relate to the plague epidemic in Moravia and at Olmutz. Hope for the success of Charles VI. against the Turks is expressed thus — spero; faVente Deo sVperabIs CaroLe LVnaM ! = 17 16 qVA C^Dens hostes, aVtVMno, C^sar erIs ! = 17 16 Degat C^sar ! Degat arChIDVX! = 17 16 Caesar, ubi Marise Cellis nune orat inaudit; eXCInDes tVrCaM— seXte per arChIDVCeM. {: 716 716 716 716 Pugnabit Csesar cum Turcis ? quajrere noli ; naM C^sar tVrCas aggreDIetVr oVans ! = CesarIs ergo rVes, tVrCa nefanDe, ManV. = Contemptuous allusion to the weakness of France in the political intrigues of the time — rVrsVs teMpVs aDest : e gaLLo fIt Capo; spero: = 1716 CastratVsqVe M0D6 tVrCa potenter erIt. = 17 16 The Emperor Charles VI. (who in 1708 had married Elizabeth of Brunswick), together with his subjects, rejoice in 17 16 at the birth of an heir to the throne. The infant Archduke was named Leopold ; he ^ Alluditur ad Imag., i. Ssecul., s. i. ^ Alluding to the trouble given to Pope Clement XI. by the sect of the Jansenists, who were vehemently opposed by the Jesuits. 5 34 A NEW-YEAR-DAY ADDRESS. died in the same year, to the dismay of the country. The author thus expresses his hope for another^ — eLIsabeth VterVs CaroLo speM DenVo port at, = 1716 ET PROSPER rVrsVs proferet arChIDVCeM ! = 1 7 16 On a later page the author gives an epitaph for the little Archduke, ' Epitaphium Archiduculi ' — eMorItVr propere LeopoLDVs C^sare natVs, = 17 16 prIMItIas CaroLI sVrrIpIs aLte DeVs ! = 1716 To appreciate the numerous chronograms concerning the war against the Turks, one needs to be intimate with the popular feeling and aspirations ; the contemporary reader would take a deeper interest in them than the modern one is likely to do while perusing the curious- looking pages of this pamphlet. Therefore, having made the foregoing extracts, I pass on to the conclusion, where an epitaph appears to the * defunct ' year, and an appeal to the tender mercies of Zoilus, the critic — epItaphIVM annI CIt6 terrIs DefVnCtI. = IaM IaCet hIC, aDe6 propere qVI transIIt annVs ! = In ChronICIs DVrat faVstIor IMo sonIs ! = zoILe, sI rIDes Me, pLVs hInC rIsVs abIto ! = NGN nIsI CorDato sCrIpsIMVs Ista VIro ! = The pamphlet contains in all 158 chronograms, to almost every one of which is appended a note of exclamation ! In the last one the author prays for another Archduke — ! oro : te summus, te roret summus et oro ! Mas arChIDVX nasCItor ! The line before the chronogram is known as ' retrograde,' ' reciprocal,' or a ' palindrome,' because it can be read the same forwards or backwards. ANOTHER NEW-YEAR ADDRESS, A TRACT of seven pages, small 4to., printed at Oels, in Silesia, in 1605, entirely in chronogram. It is a new year's address by a clergyman. Jacobus Berelius, to a clergyman, Franciscus Vierling. The chronograms are mostly in single lines of one or a few words each, numbered from i to 167, commencing with the first line of the title, down to the last line at the end. The title-page is as follows, each line marking the date 1605 — I. CVM Deo 2.- pI^ MeDItatIonIs eteostICha 3. per DIspersas In bIbLIIs gnoMas eLaborata ^ These events were the subject of a great many chronograms. See Chronograms Con- tinned, pp. iSo to 184 — 185 fo 193. ANOTHER NEW-YEAR ADDRESS, 35 4. aD Vota CoMpetenter apparata 5. PRO MVnDo Laborante et anno Labente M. DC. V. 6. bresL^ prIMo tIIpo LIterarIo aDornata 7. DenVo oLsn^ pr^Lo bosseMero propagata. 8. anno ChrIstI DoMInI nostrI 9. hoDIe MIhI Cras tIbI 10. aCh heVte roth Morgen toDt. Then follows the ' Strena,' or new year's gift or omen, in which the following passage occurs — 25. franCIsCo VIerLIng nIssensI sILesIo DIaCono atqVe InterConIVnCtos sIbI fratres eCCLesI/E In InCLIta Vrbe VVratIsLaVIa senIorI, etc., etc. And towards the end the author thus declares his name — 160. IaCobVs bereLIVs X MIeLoVVItz PRiEPOSlxVs eCCLesI^ NEAPOLlTANiE In Vrbe VVratIsLaVIa. 161. ^GER NON .-EGRi; STRENA M HANC PER VOTA aDORNABAT 162. ET PRO sIgno aMICItI^ frater fratrI Donabat, etc., etc. The address ' Strena ' is kindly meant, but it is melancholy and depressing, a recognition of the prevailing war, seditions, and discords. The chronograms are very concise from the general use of numeral letters of high denomination; they are 167 in number, and all make the date 1605. It is needless to extract any further examples. The tract must be a rare one ; the only copy known to me is in the library of the Rev. W. Begley. } = 1605 1605 1605 1605 A CONGRATULATIONS TO MAGISTRATES. THIN, small 4to. volume, 62 pages, in my possession, has a title- page entirely in chronogram — VOTA, PRO senatorIbVs, atqVe svnDICIs, neC non }■= 1639 seCretarIIs, reIpVbLIC/e VratIsL., pIa aC DeVota ; 36 CONGRATULATIONS TO MAGISTRATES. IohannIs teVtsChMannI VratIsLaVIensIs, In eCCLesIa patrIa, qV^ est In neapoLI, CceLestIa IVssa sonantIs. = 1639 The contents are mostly of a pious character in the German language, mixed with Latin, being the new year's good wishes and complimentary addresses by Johannes Teutschmann, of Breslau, to the magistrates and corporation of that city, and to other persons. He gives abundant references to Scripture, and applies the quotations to his purpose in an original manner. There are thirteen chronograms, including the title-page, all making 1639. No date is given in figures. Printed at Oels, in Silesia. Complimentary addresses to the magistrates and secretaries are preceded by chronograms, thus — VOTA PRO DnIs synDICIs pIa et DeVota sVnt qV^ seqVVntVr. Vota pro DoMInIs seCretarIIs sVnt qVoq :, QV.E seqVVntVr. Good wishes for all pious persons and a prayer for a happy year have this indication, by way of a 'terminating flourish ' — nVnC Vota, CoronIDIs LoCo, hIC qVoqVe LegVntVr pIa aC DeVota. Moreover, poor persons in small circumstances are not overlooked — paVperCVL^^ tV/e o reX Magne, reX benIgne, benefaC IsthoC In anno ECCLESliE. Well-to-do persons in trouble have some comforting words (at this time of war and misfortune) — affLICtIssIM^, o IhesV, reX gLorI^, reX pIe, benefaC IstoC seCVLo, poLItI^ Disturbed households in the past year are offered comforting hope — ContVrbabatte, o IhesV, reX benIgne, reX pIe, benefaC qVoq : anno hoCCe reCente, oeConoMLe. = 1639 = 1639 1639 1639 1639 1639 DUKES OF MONSTERBERG. 37 And a concluding prayer commences thus — IhesV ChrIsto, saLVatorI nostro VnICo et benIgnIss", six HONOR ET gLorIa In seCVLorVM seCVLa. = 1639 DUKES OF MONSTERBERG. ' A GALLIAMA et jubilare votum.' The title commencing with £\^ these words may be thus closely rendered : Delightful things, and a jubilee offering marking the year of the Christian era and of God's last suffering, 161 7, which must be passed on to posterity for the remembrance of a good name and omen, or for another jubilee. Written by Samuel Heinnitz, pastor and superintendent in the Duchy of Oels, in the year gLorIaMVr In LaVDe -vV p^.—Psahn cvi. 47 =1617 Printed at Oels, in Silesia. It is the title of a very rare small 4to. tract of nine pages, in my posses- sion, addressed to the brothers, Henry Wenceslaus and Charles Frideric, princes of the Roman Empire, and dukes of Monsterberg and Oels, in Silesia. It appears that these dukes were supporters of the Lutheran Reformation. The address consists of about 160 Latin hexameter and pentameter lines followed by chronograms — sentences culled from the Latin Bible, as being appropriate to the aforesaid dukes and to the occasion — I. Eteosticha Gratiam Dei promittentia. erIt DeVs VobIsCVM. G^^«. xlviii. 21. /%//. iv. 9. = 161; Coronas annVM benIgnItate tVa (DeVs). PsaimXxv. 12. = 161; VInea DabIt frVCtVM. Zach. viii. 12. =161; paX DeI sVper faCIeM terr^. Ecdesiasticus xxxviii. 8. = 161; aDJVtorIVM CasVs. Ecdesiasticus {Sirach) yixxw. 20. = 161 ' DeVs e VICIno sVM. Jerevi. xxiii. 23. =161; effVnDIt aqVas sVper faCIeM terr^. Amos v. 8; ix. 6. = 161; DIMIssa est InIqVItas ILLIVs. Isaiah x\. 2. = 161; JVstVs Vt paLMa Deo fLorebIt. Psalm xcii. 12. =161^ gLorIa In aLtIssIMIs Deo et In terrIs paX. Luc. \\. 14. = 161^ EHR VnD frIeD, aLLen DIe gVts thVn. Rom. ii. 10. = 161^ Es 1st gVt aVff Den herren (ChrIstVM) hoffen. Psalm cxviii. = 161; JehoVa MeDICVs Vester. Exodus x\. 26. = 161^ II. Eteosticha Iram Jehovae minitantia. perCVtIet te DoMInVs .estV. BeuL xxviii. 22. =161; ConfVnDantVr oMnes InIqVa agentes, Psalm x\v. s- =■ 161; CaptVs est greX DoMInI. Jerem. xiii. 17. = 161^ 38 DUKES OF MONSTERBERG. III. Eteosticha moralia. qVoD JVstVM est seCterIs. Deuf. vi. i8, = i6i^ Vos qVoD bonVM est faCIatIs. 2 Corinth, xiii. 7. =161^ aVDI VoCeM eJVs. Exod. xxiii. 21. = 161' ESTOTE faCtores VerbI et non aVDItores tantVM. Jac. i. 22. = 161; DoMInVs IntVetVr Cor. i Sam. xvi. 7. =161^ CastIgante Deo prefer VeXatIoneM. = 161; Ipse erat eXpeCtans regnVM DeI. Marc. xv. 43. =161' The jubilee mentioned in this tract was probably the first centenary of Luther's Reformation ; the date when he affixed his theses to the church door at Wittemberg was October 31, 15 17. NUPTIAL ADDRESSES. ANY nuptial congratulations have found a place in the second chapter of this volume ; those which here follow are of the same character, but of more extended proportions. In the * Nova Literaria Germaniae,' at page 280 of the volume for 1709, there is mention of the marriage, in 1708, of King John of Portugal with Maria Anna, Archduchess of Austria. The following effusive expression of regret when she left Austria, mingled with good wishes, was written by her most humble chaplain, whose initials only are stated as ' A. S. S. I.' The twenty-two chronograms of the year 1708 are all marked off by asterisks. It is a prose composition — MarI^ ann^ arChIDVCI, ** VoCante Deo aVspICe, aD aVgVstas portVgaLLI^ Coronas eX aVstrIa profICIsCentI feLIX Iter ! * * qVoD regIIs affVsa peDIbVs proVInCI/E AVsTRlACiE, VaLe ILLI faCIentes, sInCerIs VotIs preCabantVr VIENNA. ** Deferente InfIMo eIVs CapeLLano. — A. S. S. /., Viennse Austrise, etc. Then follows this chronogrammatic effusion : * En tibi. Lector integrum Austriae votum. DoLeaMIne aVstrIa ? bonI CceLItes! * InDVLgIaMIne Cor L^.tItI^? ♦ MarIa anna arChIDVX aVstrI^, abIt, Vt aVgVsta aVgVst^ pr^esIt LVsItanI/E regIna. * abItVs Iste Largas CIet eX oCVLIs LaCrYMas, L^tos qVoqVe Great In VVLtV rIsVs. * ILLI affLICta aVstrIa IVbeor sortI ILLaGrYMarI, hVIC eXVLtans IVbeor fortVn^ gratVLarI. * pLangere Cogor, qVIa perDo fILIaM. * gestIre, qVIa regIa aVoVst^e regIn^ fIo Mater, atqVe, VtI aVgVror, regII aLIqVanDo aVIa effIGIar nepotIs. * geMere Gogor abLata aLtera De trIbVs gratIIs. ♦ gestIre IVbeor, qVIa gratIa IVngetVr gratI^e, MarIa anna IoannI, gratIoso gratIosa, haVD sIne feLICI aVgVrIo regnI bIs fortVnatI. * CVr ItaqVe pLango, perDens fILIaM, * perDens LVGrI taM LargI gratIa? * qVIn eIa sIt ! profICIsGere, qVo IVbent CceLItes, fILIa, atqVe InVItat gratIa Ioannes, gratIa feLICIbVs aVIbVs DIsCeDe : * aVIbVs neMpe tVIs, aVItIs 40 NUPTIAL ADDRESSES. aVstrI^ aLaVDIs, /estVosa, VastaqVe ^qVora traIICe. * IsTJE Lmta tIbI aDsonent CeLeVsMata, ^ argVtoqVe gVttVre soLentVr naVIganteM, aVferantqVe ^stVs iveDIa aVgVst.e osCInes. * DoneC eXsVperatIs nereI fVrentIs VnDIs, In ConCVpItos oLYssIponIs portVs pLenIs feLIX CarbasIs appeLLas. * eXInDe Vero ConIVX regIa regIos sponsI tVI ferarIs In aMpLeXVs. * ID tIbI Char^ fILI^ sV^e Mater, nVtrIXqVe aVstrIa VoVet. VIVe. '$**- A rare tract in my possession contains a nuptial ode with several poems : * In secundas nuptias . . . Melchioris Eccardi . . . et Evae Weinholdi . . . vota ab amicis nuncupata. Ad vii Kalend. Febr. Anno noviss. dierum xciii supra do Id.' Printed at Breslau. Small 4to. ; pp. 15. All in Latin, with one poem in Greek, which is followed by these two chronogram couplets : LVX Ibat seXta et bIs Dena bIfrontIs IanI \ _ eVa InTRAT SPONSI SPONSA SERENA torVM. /"" ■^^^"^ trVX saVLVs JVstVs fIt paVLVs : LVCe seqVente \ _ eVChartVs sponsVs MeLChIor, eVVa tVVs. j~ ^^93 z'.e. The twice-ten-and-sixih-day of the two-faced Janus (^January) was passing when the fair spouse went to her husbaftd's couch.^ The cruel Saul became righteous Patil, on the following day Melchior Euchard became thy husband^ O Eva. The meaning is that St. Paul's day is January 25. In the old Roman calendar, vii. Kal. Feb. corresponds to January 26, the day of the marriage. This fanciful indication of a date frequently appears in chronograms. The date on the title-page of the tract is equally fanciful; it means 1593. .$$«. 'Jubilum nuptiale,' etc., a rare tract; a congratulation on Febru- ary 15, 1650, addressed to Maurice Henry, Count of Nassau, and Ernestina his wife. By Gabriel and Joannes Arnoldus Begkers ; printed at Cologne, 4to., pp. 15. It contains two handsome engrav- ings of armorial shields, and Latin poems in various metre. On the last page are these chronograms ; the first is in allusion to the Nassau lions, which are conspicuous on the shields — Chronosticon anni. sis tIbI sponse Leo MaVrItI VIrIbVs aVDaX : \ _ < ernestIna torI sis Lea sponsa tenaX. /"" ^^'^ Prognostico-chronosticon anni et mensis. ConJVgII pIa faVsta noVI febrVarIVs aDfert \_ , ernestIna tVo JVngere MaVrItIo. /~ ^^° Chronosticon. MaUrItIVs et ernestIna ConJVnX \_ ^ VIVant nestoreos VterqVe aD annos. /~ ^ ^° NUPTIAL ADDRESSES. 41 'Leo Sigeno-Nassovicus nuptialis,' etc., is the title of another rare tract, a congratulation in 1652 addressed to Francis John Desideratus, Count of Nassau, and his wife Joanna Claudia, Countess of Koning- seck and Rotenfels, by the * ingenuous and erudite youths ' at the Jesuits' College of Siegen, in Nassau. Printed at Cologne, 1652, 4to , pp. 42. It contains a handsome engraving of armorial shields guarded by a lion, and several Latin congratulatory poems, wherein the Lion of Nassau is figuratively introduced, together with the precious stones in the coronets of each family to typify their respective heroes and virtues.' On page 2, * Encomium verae nobilitatis, sponso et sponsae oblatum,' concludes thus — Duplex chronodistichon. De k6nIngseCk sponsaM herds nassoe fLagrabas : = 1651 Dat saCer en hyMen, perge fLagrare pIa est. = 1651 A prologue concludes with this double chronogram couplet (on page 9)— nassoo sponso beneDICas prosper oLyMpe : )= 165 1 k6nIngseCkjEa sponsa reLata DoMo est. /= 1651 After a poem alluding to the lion and the precious stones (on page 20) — Enigma Chronographicum. Annum desponsationis, et coronam domus Nassovicai, ornatam gemmis novae e domo Koningseckaea sponsae, indicans ; pLena peregrInos nassoa Corona sMaragDos = 1651 K6NlNGSECKiEA FERT BENE LiETA DoMo. = 1651 Following this is ' Invitatio Domini Jesu, et Virginis Mariae ad nuptias illustrissimorum comitum : Ex S. Joan. ii. i. 2. Nuptiae factae sunt in Cana, Galilseae, et erat Mater Jesu ibi. Vocatus est autem et Jesus et discipuli ejus ad nuptias.' A long hymn of invitation in Latin, with a version also in Greek, is appended, signed, * Haec vota faciebat Joannes Merten, Signensis Humanista.' Other poems by various officials at Siegen fill the pages down to page 41, where these hexameter and pentameter couplets occur — Quadruplex chronologicon Leoni Nassovico. ARCe SiGENyEA DoMInANS NASSOE PAL^ESTRAS = 1652 DogMatI apostoLICo te reserasse patet. = 1652 hanC Leo perge fIDeM patrI^e nassoe referre : = 1652 MerCes ^terno DIgna Labore sIet. On the same page (the last) the conclusion of this fanciful congratula- tion is as follows : Chronodistichon votivum indicans annum, quo primum, a Musis Sigenensibus, venientes illustrissimi conjuges Sigenam, except! sunt. Ex. Gen. v. 22-24. Ubi dicitur, ambulavit Henoch cum Deo, et facti sunt omnes dies Henoch trecenti sexaginta quinque anni, VIVIte feLICes CoMItes tot s^eCLa, qVot henoCh : \_ . VosqVe CreatorI JVngIte, Vt ante VetVs. /~ " ^^ ^ The family of the Princes of Nassau, Siegen, became extinct in 1743. 6 42 NUPTIAL ADDRESSES. Omnia ad majorem Dei gloriam. Domusque Nassovicae, et Koning- seckiange honorem temporalem et seternum. amen. ♦«$*» The loves of Henricus Schultz and Marian Schrammia, joined in marriage 22 October (?), 1637. A rare 4to. tract, pp. 14, in my pos- session bears this title : * Henrici Schultzi J. U. Cand. Et Marianae Schrammiae Spp. e Juventute lectiss. Svidnici Ad d. xxii. viibr. cioiDCXxxvii. Conjugen : amores.' A set of Latin poems addressed to the couple, signed by their several authors, who seem to have been in official positions at Schweidnitz in the province of Silesia. This couplet occurs in one of the poems — . . . . et amore pares, conditione pares ; six feLIX reCtI: sponsato CopVLa LeCtI ; "1 _ InDe torVs frVtICes sentIat, InDe poLVs ! / ~ The next couplet concludes the last poem, which is in German— LInqVet soL teneros CceLestIs VIrgInIs artVs ; ) _ henrICo nVbet sCVLteto sChraMea VIrgo. j ~ •***■ 1_ ' Musse gratulantes nuptiis,' etc., is the title of a rare 4to. tract of 15 pages, printed at Bautzen (Budissa) in Saxony. It is filled with Latin poems and verses on the marriage of the most learned Abraham Schadaeus, of the college of Bautzen, with ' the most modest and chaste virgin,' Anna Hertzogs, on February 12, 1596, composed by the scholars there in gratitude to their preceptor. It concludes with ten chronogram couplets, giving the month, day and year of the marriage ; in the first, fifth, and seventh of the series the bride is mentioned by the name ' Annula,' i.e., little Anna. Each writer gives his own name. bIs seXta Can I febrVI LVCe annVLa Casta "^ _ EN sVbIt abraMo VInCVLa torta thorL / ~ (Nicolaus Specht.) bIs seXto febrVI anna sat VenVsta, abraMI sVbIIt IVgaLe fceDVs. (Christoph. Hermannus Luca.) bIs seXtVs febrVI fVIt ortVs ab ^qVore prono, ) anna sVbIt thaLaMI fceDera sponsa bonI. j (Johannes Gersdorff, Budiss.) eXtVLerat postqVaM bIssenos febrVVs ortVs, ) EN tenera nVpta te Dea pVra beat. j (Caspar Peucerus, Budissinus.) postqVaM eXorta DIes febrVI bIs seXta fVIsset, ) Intrat sponsa pIos annVLa honesta toros. ) (Christoph. Roberus, Budiss.) febrVI bIs seXta DIes refVLget SPONSA, qVo Ti«DAS CeLebrat saCratas qVoqVe ConIVngIt soboLes renata Corpora bIna. (Henricus Schiedell, Budissinus.) 1637 1637 1596 1596 = 1596 = 1596 = 1596 = 1596 NUPTIAL ADDRESSES. 43 EN s^VVs febrVVs bIs seX VIX LVXIt In aLtIs sChaD^o, ConIVX annVLa pVLCra DatVs. (Martinus Vogell, Soranus Lus.) bIs SENA LVX reDIVIt anna febrVo qVa tV MarIto IVngerIs. (Johannes Scheidell, Budissinus.) LVX febrVI bIs SENA reDIt qVa pVra MarIto IVngerIs anna tVo. (Casparus Schamberger, Budissinus.) bIs seXto febrVo LVCIs DatVr anna pVeLLa eCCe sChaD^ee tIbI sVb bona IVra torI. (Petrus Renner, Budissinus.) . ♦$•*$•*. } = u i }= A tract in the Bodleian Library (two leaves, folio), entitled, ' Principibus . . . Alexandrinse Badensi et . . . Ernesto Duci Coburgi atque Gothse . . . Friburgi Brisingav, 1842. In nuptiale festum habendum. Ode Alcaica. Auctore Duben.' aLeXanDrIna ernestVsqVe In feLICI ] _ aMbo VIVant ConIVgIo ! ( ~ This is the most recent example that has fallen under my notice. 1596 1596 1596 1596 1842 P VI. VARIA POEMATA ILLUSTRIUM. THE FAMILY OF VAN VELDE DE MELROY AND OTHERS. MANUSCRIPT volume without a title-page has recently come into my possession, comprising sixty-eight folio-size pages, labelled on the back, ' Varia Poemata Illustrium.' The writing is clear and very neat. The subject consists of a series of twelve or more laudatory, congratulatory, and complimentary poetical addresses concerning distinguished persons in Belgium, composed mostly in Latin verse, with some in the Flemish or Dutch language, all dated by chronograms. The whole presents a considerable amount of material suggestive of personal history at the time when Belgium was the unhappy fighting ground of European nations, and was for awhile under French military occupation, and when the bishops' sees of the country were being suppressed, or were for some years rendered vacant. The events had been the cause of trouble to some of the persons, the recipients of the addresses recorded in the volume, among whom were several members of the baronial family of Van Velde de Melroy. A prevailing feature is that the individuals are often addressed or felicitated on a particular day — that of their * patronal ' saint, whose name coincides with one or other of the baptismal names of the individual, and probably his birthday. All, or nearly all, seem to have been composed by him whose name is on the printed * ex libris ' book label inside the cover of the volume, and here copied — J. B. G. JACOBS LUMNIUS, ORD. CAP. BRUX. S.P.C. I have not succeeded in tracing him biographically or as the author of any printed books ; he appears here as a member of the order of Capucins at Brussels, and of some importance in that city. The volume, being a manuscript, may be regarded as unique, and probably it never was printed. VARIA POEM ATA ILLUSTRIUM. 45 It contains about 145 chronograms, which are here transcribed, with a few other extracts and remarks. Two pages of verse, ' Congratulatio Fraterna Reverendo patri F. Donulo Van Den Eynde,' of the order of Minor Franciscans, on his return from exile to Brussels on March 20, 1800, after troubles arising from war with France. It concludes thus — HiEC Cape CorDe Meo, quae in exultantis animi argumentum, = 1800 absconsus licet in antro, subito conscribere tentabam humilis vester F. G. L. C. I.— J. B. Jacobs. Epicedium on the death of the most noble and virtuous matron, Joanna Gislena Pipenpoy, addressed to her husband, the Baron Emanuel J. G. Fran. Van Velde De Melroy, etc. It is thus dated and signed — haC DeCIMa aC NONA JanUarII. = 1809 ConDoLens, pLangensqUe pangebaM I. b. JaCobs, presbYter. = 1809 Two pages of verse in praise of the Rev. Jacobus Goyers, of Mechelen, a distinguished cleric, who died at Brussels, October 25, signed and dated thus — MeCenatI sUo pIe DeCantabat J. b. JaCobs. = 1809 Elegia, on the death of Peter Dominic Antonius John, Baron Van Velde De Melroy, at Brussels, his native city, who held a distinguished position in Brabant. It is dated thus — HoC seXto CaLLenDas Mart!. = 181 1 and signed — LUMnIUs ConDoLesCens. =1811 Epicedium, on the death of the venerable old man, Emmanuel John Caspar Francis, Baron Van Velde de Melroy, who, at the age of eighty years, died at Brussels, his native city, January 2, 181 7. The verses begin — sICne seCUnDa DIes JanI? heU CIt6 trIstIa Donat ! = 181 7 heU ! JaCes eManUeL VeLDIe, Chare pater! = 1817 Signed at the end — benefaCtorI sUo optIMo, "j ISTA PARENTANDo, }• =■ 1817 ConCInUIt J. b. J. J -./vx/vwwvvwv^ Verses on the death of Joannes Baptista Robertus, Baron Van Velde de Melroy, the fourteenth Bishop of Roermond, in Gelders. Emblems of mortality are sketched at the head of this preface — DULCore LenI VernaVIt LILIUM = 1824 pIUs pr^sUL, DeCUs InCLYtUM, = 1824 46 VARIA POEM ATA ILLUSTRIUM. QUI POST LaBORES DIrOS aCeRBOSQUe CONSTANTlssIMfe] _ g eXantLatos, ) ~ ^ ^^ qUIqUe Labore apostoLICo teMpora VICIt DUra ; = 1824 qUI et PR/eVIfe s.r.e. saCraMentIs DEVoxfe refoCILLatUs, = 1824 brUXeLLIs pife oCCUbans In DoMIno, = 1824 CoNDlGNiE ^tatIs sU^ annorUM oCtogInta aC UnIUs, = 1824 aUrora, UnDeCIMo CaL. feb, plk pr^esUL obIVIt. = 1824 Three pages of Latin verse conclude thus — VIrtUtIs MerCes paX aLtera DebIta CceLI : = 1824 hInC DoLor aC geMItUs LongIUs aUfUgIant. = 1824 Non fletum, non uUa sibi suspiria poscit ; Omnes dicamus : pace quiescat. Amen. VIrtUtUM raDIIs aCCInCtUs, sorte serena = 1824 oCCUbat Ipse Deo, seMper VICtUrUs In astrIs. = 1824 The verses are signed by their author thus — sICUt oLor Veterans MorIbUnDUs, trIstIa CLangens, = 1824 pLangenDo panXIt LUMnIUs ILLa JaCobs. = 1824 Verses and other ingenious devices bear a title which may be thus literally translated : To the most noble and eminently wise man, Emmanuel John Balthasar Francis, Baron Van Velde de Melroy, etc., on the festal occasion of his most sweet patron, who is a Divine little boy (Puerulus Divinus), newly-born Emmanuel — hUIC pr^estetUr CULtUs LatrI^e, 1 VIrtUs aC gLorIa >= 1799 PER s^CULorUM s^eCULa. J A prologue follows, with a page of verses where the name of the babe Emmanuel occurs in every line. An anagram on the name of Emmanuel John follows next — Emmanuel Joannes Van Velde. Anagramma : En, a numine denub vales almfe. L^tIfICI eX pUro VobIs qUoqUe CorDe VoVeMUs. = 1799 . S/\ifN/V%'WVW>/N ■ Next following are two pages of verse thus, addressed to the already mentioned — * Prsenobili generosoque viro Domino Emmanueli Joanni Gasparo Francisco, baroni Van Velde de Melroy, pio debitoque voto oifertur Labyrinthus, cujus viarum, clangore Echoico vigescaT per- sonantium, numerus est ; Quindecim milliones, quadraginta millia, octingenta, et sexaginta quatuor.^ Die sua natali patronolique secundario, qui est Festivus Sancti Joannis Apostoli et Evangelistse.' VersIbUs hoC festo, nUnC, eCho, DULCIor esto: \_ VoCe LUbente faVe; DICIto L^tUs aVe. / ~ ^'^9 * The astonishing sum total thus described I put into plain figures as 15,040,864. ► ^i^iidifiiiiii^att^yaiiaiaftittiaia^^ M«oU< XJ>^Z w»^ft m WtoO -^ VARIA POEM ATA ILLUSTRIUM, 47 The verses in Latin hexameters and pentameters fill two pages, expressing birthday congratulations and personal compliments, down to the 'Labyrinth,' which is approached by these concluding lines of the verses — * Vix labor est intus : satis hie facilis Labyrinthus, Dummodo prseceptis vis vigilare meis. Positus in medio, felici tramite perges: Exitus, ex quatuor, angulus unus erit. Rectb ac obliqub incedas, sursum atque deorsum : Indefessus eas Sic peragrato Vias. Labyrinthus Chrono-metricus.' In explanation of this title I give the line contained in the ' Labyrinth,' printed as an ordinary chronogram — LUMnIUs Ipse VoVet feLIX VanUeL DeVIgesCat. = 1799 i.e. Luimiius himself wishes that Emmanuel may in happiness approach his old age. The Latin line is to be read from the letter L in the centre of the square, following the lines of letters upwards, downwards, right and left, stopping anywhere, and continuing on in similar directions, leading away by any similar courses, until the end of the original line is reached. This may be done a vast number of times — the writer of the manuscript has told how many ; the reader may take his word for it or work it out to his own satisfaction, one way or the other. That he may be enabled to do so, I give a facsimile of the ' Labyrinth ' in the accompanying illustration. Immediately following, in the manuscript, is a page of verses in the Flemish language, addressed to Caspar ; the letters of the name are the initials of certain of the verses, and to be read as an acrostic. The whole concludes with chronograms — neeMt Dat Cort ConCert. = 1800 Maer De Const ontbreeCkt'er ooCk. = 1800 The next in order are about eleven pages in Flemish and Latin verse, and otherwise, eulogizing a Baroness Van Velde de Laethem, etc., whose family maiden name was Pipenpoy. She seems to be identical with the lady who is the subject of the Epicedium already noticed. Two pages are filled with mention of very many members of the family of Pipenpoy, who have held distinguished and responsible positions from the early date of 1208, as derived from certain records and authorities. The whole concludes with Flemish verses to the before named Emmanuel John Caspar Francis Van Velde, the letters of whose name, as initials to alternate lines, are to be read as an acrostic. Only these chronograms occur — HiEC eCCe Do Mcerens = 1800 TEMPORE aCCresCenDa. = 1800 Mero CorDe ConseCrat f. g. = 1800 ConseCro CorDe Meo f. g. = 1800 48 VARIA POEM AT A ILLUSTRIUM The next is ' Applausus Panegyricus ' on the much-wished-for arrival at Brussels, from Prague, of the Baron Van Velde de Melroy, Councillor and Vice-Chancellor of the province of Brabant, on the conclusion of peace between the French, Austrian, English and other confederated rulers — Thema chronographicum. o qUAM DIU eXoptatUs. ] beLgIs VenIt ILLe gratUs. '• paCIs neo-nUntIUs ! nUnC eXtreMa LUCtI^s eXtenUantUr gaUDIo. Van VeLDe VenIt ! JUbILeMUs In VoCe eXULtatIonIs. Four pages of Latin verse follow, concluding thus — Veldius hie vivat ! vivat hie ille diu ! I 1801 1801 DILIgItUr Van VeLDe nIVIs CanDore probatUs : ) Ut VIgUIt PATRlyt, fLoreat Ipsa sIbI. / annosa Ut CeDrUs DUrat, pr^stantIor Ipsa ) VeLDIUs hIC VIVat, perpetUoq : VIrens. / LaUreUs Ut terrIs VIget Is pIetate VIrentI ) VeLDIUs : In CceLIs LaUrea MaJor erIt. / CorDe ConCInebaM f. g. Although the date differs from the foregoing, the next verses seem to belong to the same Baron Van Velde ; his name is obscurely revealed as Anthony, and is more clearly so mentioned later on. patronaLe saCrUM L^et^ preCanDo, = CorDe Gang breVe CarMen, = aCCresCenDUM. Some verses follow, in which the saint Anthony (Abbot) is mentioned, that being also one of the names of the Baron, concluding with these chronograms — CorDIter tIbI Data aCCeptare DIgn^rIs, Veldie, quae vobis felicia Festa Patroni Veldia tota Domus Corde animoque vovet : posthaC te Maneat DUrans saCrata Corona. = Ten fanciful verses follow, in which throughout the lines the word or syllable ' Cor ' (a heart) occurs twenty-two times, and is represented by small hearts drawn in red colour among the words of the verses, while those same drawings fall into the one shape of a large heart. Then follows another set of verses with this title — Calendis Mali. Thema Chronico-Biblicum. eX IstIs SACRi«E probItatIs tU^ InsertIs DIVInIs, ") _ CaMpI tUI repLebUntUr Ubertate. j =-- 1801 1801 1801 1801 1805 1805 1805 = 180K 1805 1801 VARIA POEM ATA ILLUSTRIUM. 49 The verses which follow conclude thus — sic CorDe CanebaM ... =- 1801 Other verses conclude thus — VersUs hIC effLUXIt ferVente eX CorDe tUorUM. = 1802 Again, the Baron Francis is lauded by verses applicable to the ' seraphic ' saint of that name, prefaced by — In DIe festo beatIssIMI patronI franCIsCI seraphICI = 1810 concluding with — FESTO patronaLI offerebaM franCIsCo VeLDIo, J. b. J. = i8io Several sets of verses (some Latin, some Flemish) to the very noble Anthony Peter Dominic, Baron Van Velde de Melroy, on his patronal day of St. Anthony (Abbot), January 17. Some acrostics, also these chronograms, appear among them — DeUs ConCessIt paCeM. ConCIno DIeM sanCtI antonII abbatIs, MetrIs DIstIChIs-aCrostICIs. — h^eC saCra MUsa DICat. The next relate to the Baroness Joanna, with these chronograms WY WensChen, Lang LeVe MeVroUVV Van VeLDe. MeVroUW, zoo WensCht UWen VerpLIgtsten DIenaer,| J, b. JaCobs. ) Calendis Maii, 1806. Ista hIs trIbUs Dabat gIsbertUs LUMnIUs, CapUCInUs\ eXtrUsUs. j Calendis Maii, 1807. CaLenDIs MaII, hILarIter offert J. b. JaCobs. oMnes haC DIe CoLL.*;tantUr pJe. patronaLe saCrUM tIbI LiExk preCanDo, obtULI DeCIMo 6-to CaL. feb. I VIVe, PreCor, feLIX Chara CVM ConJUge saLVa : sUsCIpe gIsbertI Vota saCrata : VaLe ! sUsCIpe Vota Mea : qUoqUe saLVUs, VeLDIe, VIVe : nostra erIt e Vestra prosperItate saLUs. prIMa annI feLICIa appreCor VeLDIIs. Another set of birthday verses occupy a page, with chronograms- pIo Isto et DeVoto "I = 1806 = 1806 = 1806 = 1806 = 1807 = 1804 = 1806 1807 1807 1807 1807 1806 CarMIne aCrostICo, CLango taLe patronaLe antonII MeLroDII. tIbI CorDe ConCInIMUs. o antonI, U ter-eeren. Dees aCht rYMen aCrostIeCk 1811 1809 1809 1809 1809 50 VARIA POEM AT A ILLUSTRIUM. zIet gY heDen presenteeren ; \ _ o neeMt s'hIer kLoeCk, aL zYn sY zIeCk. /~ ^^°9 aLzoo zIngt Men U CorDIaeLYCk. = 1809 Along each margin of the page are the following — LUstrIs bTs DeCeM et Uno, Ut sanCtUs patronUs tUUs) antonIUs faUste VIVe ! )- ^^°9 DIe sanCtI antonII abbatIs h^eC tIbI CanebaM J. b. J. = 1809 -«'WWV>/V>/VVN/«- Eight Latin verses are addressed ' Reverende Domine !' whose name appears as * Jacobus,' each letter being the initial of a line in acrostic fashion. They are thus introduced — oMnes haC DIe CoLLetentUr pik. = 1807 The last line gives the name of the writer, lumnius ; at the conclusion is this chronogram — IsTA tIbI CLIens CaLenDIs MaII, = 1807 Metra Dans Cor ConseCrat VobIs Ista. = 1807 Immediately following are some verses in Flemish addressed to Heer Jacobus Goeyers, concluding with — eMerIto JaCobo goeYers, CorDe gIsbertI JaCobs. = 1807 • »/vx/x/w\/wv>/s^ I8I4 A page of Latin verse for May i is addressed to the Bishop, who is not named or identified. The introductory chronogram thus speaks — CaLenDIs MaII hILares Cano VersUs ; = qUos DeCanto epIsCopo ILLUstrIssIMo. = 1814 The anonymous writer of the verses adds this line at the end — Lmte DeCanto pr^esULI ILLUstrIssIMo. = 1814 A page of Latin verse is addressed to the most wise and learned gentleman, Joseph Charles Frederic William Mesdach, of Fumes, in Belgium — DIe 2I MensIs JULII, In aULa brUXeLLensI .eqUa JUrIs) LaUreA eXornato. ) concluding anonymously — h.eC eX CorDe CanebaM. = 18 10 1810 I«IO A page of Latin verse is addressed to the most wise and learned gentleman, Charles Joseph Weber, of Louvain, for honours conferred upon him — qUInto IDUs JUnII, brUXeLLIs JUrIs LaUreA eX MerItIs] Coronato. also concluding anonymously — H^C eX CorDe CanebaM. = 1810 Accipe pacato, precor, o mitissime, vultu. Quae tibi sincero pectore fundit amor. Webere chare, meam pertentant gaudia mentem, Meque juvant, laudes, dulcis amice, tuae, etc., etc. VARIA POEM ATA ILLUSTRIUM. 51 A page of Latin verse addressed on his birthday to the most expert gentleman, Peter Charles Weber, of London, formerly Professor of Medicine at Louvain, by his son, who thus signs them at the end — CorDe CanebaM C. Weber. = -WXA/X/X/X/V>/N/N/V^ . } = } = Some Latin verses addressed to the bishop, ' lUustrissime Praesul !' on his birthday, are preceded by this chronogram, giving the date of his birth. He was a Baron Van Velde, etc. — septIMo IDUs JULII LyExt natUs est brUXeLLIs Joannes baptIsta robertUs eX pIIs, Ita et ILLUstrIbUs baronIbUs Van-VeLDe-MeLroY. And thus dated and signed at the end — antIstes, CorDIs qU^so aCCIpe Vota tUorUM. L^TO CorDe tUUs LUMnIUs ILLa CanIt. Other verses follow, bearing this chronogram — nataLI reDeUnte saCro ILLUstrIssIMI PRiEsULIs. The next verses to Mr. Consgen, on his ' patronal ' day — appLaUsUs, reCUrrente patronaLe DoMInI Consgen. CorDe tIbI eCCe VotUM. *VWX/V>/>/\/W>/>" Verses addressed, on his recurring patronal day, to Van Velde de Melroy, formerly Bishop of Roermond, thus commenced and ended — fLos CaMpI Vernans nobIs HoDIk reLUCet. = fLos CaMpI Vernans fLoreat ILLe DIU ! = -b/WWWWW^- Next follows a very elaborate congratulation to Arnold Peter Groeven on attaining the full jubilee year of his clerical ministration. It begins: 'Applausus chrono-metro leoninus, amplissimo viro domino Arnoldo Petro Groeven, pastori vigilantissimo in Berbrouk, in Dioecesi Leodensi, Districtuum Hercensis et Beringensis commisario episcopali, etc. Plenarium celebranti Jubilseum, tum sacri sacerdotalis dignitatis, turn vigilantissimse curse suae pastoralis in Berbrouk, haC prIMA DIe oCtobrIs hUJUs annI sUbIto CUrrentIs.' Several sets of verses bear these chronograms. The first is a triple chronogram ; the second line is in the exact words of the Vulgate Version (Luc, xix. 16) — nVnC tIbI DeCeM LUstrIs. \^ Mna tUa DeCkM Mnas aCqUIsIVIt. J The total when divided by three gives the date 1827. The translation is : Now there are ten lustra ( = 50 years) to thee. Thy pound hath gained ten pounds. eXULtabUnDUs LeonIno CarMIne Cantans, = gUttUre LiETANTER CanIt hoC, MorIbUnDUs Ut oLor. = I»IO 1743 1743 = 1823 = 1923 = I82I = l8l2 = I8I2 1813 I8I3 1827 5481 1827 1827 i827 52 VARIA POEM AT A ILLUSTRWM. NON In sensU sUbLIMI, \ j, seD CUIqUe satIs faCILI ; /" ' sUnt h^C UnICUIqUe \_ aD CaptUM. j ~ H^C prIMa oCtobrIs, toto qUoqUe CorDe VoVentVr. = 1827 AST qUIDnaM ConJUbILans JUbILanter VersIfICabo? = 1827 raUCa VoCe seneX qUID CanItanDo Dabo ? = 1827 qUaLIaCUMqUe Dabo : (ast oLorIno gUttUre Canto :) = 1827 eXCIpe, CorDe preCor, fIXa ea Vota Mea. = 1827 Then follow four pages of Latin Leonine hexameter and pentameter verses — i.e., each line has a syllable in the middle which rhymes with the last syllable. For example, the first couplet is — Jam tibi congaudens fero pauca hsec disticha plaudens : Parvulus, exiguus fert sua pensa tuus. After the Leonine verses the ' Applausus ' thus continues — Epilogus, votiv^ chrono-distichus. hoCCe DUpLeX JUbILUM eXULtatIone ConCLUDIMUs.i = 3654 eXULtans, VIVat repetenDo, CLaMItat eCho. = 1827 artIbUs egregIIs, stUDIIsqUe eXCreVIt aCUMen : \ _ o LoVanIIqUe fUIt VIr pIUs Ipse probUs. ]~ ^ ^^ perManet ILLe probUs, Constans, DoCtUsqUe pIUsqUe: = 1827 qUeM DeUs, ASTRA REGENS, CresCere VULt JUbILo. = 1827 sUstULIt herCULeas operas tUM noCte DIeqUe. = 1827 eXCreta EST MessIs ; t^eDIa CUnCta rUUnt. = 1827 DUpLICIter JUbILans Io ! MagnUs nonne VIresCIt? (^V-)^ = 1727 nUnC post LUstra DeCeM JUbILa sanUs oVat. = 1827 LiETA DIes lux It : pLaUDat pLebs atqUe saCerDos : = 1827 sic greX cum popULo gaUDIa pLena tenet. = 1827 JaM JUbILans VIVat ! VenIant qUoqUe nestorIs annI ! \ _ ^ sIC VIVat feLIX, aUXILIante Deo! /~ '^^^' groeVenIUs JUbILans feLIX sUa JUbILa VIVat! \_ ^ UnanIMI Voto JUbILa pLUra DabIt. / " ^^^' groeVenIUs VIVat! DIU VIVat JUbILa feLIX! 1 .^ ConVoVeantqUe oMnes, fLoreat ^thereUs ! )^ ^ ^' hUnCCe gregeM pIe pastor oVans DIU pasCe qUIetUs: {sicf = 1828 te DeUs astrorUM CresCere VULt JUbILo. = 1827 sic rogo, VI Ve DIU ! rUtILet tIbI nestorIs annUs I \ _ j, VIVe DIU feLIX, aUXILIante Deo. /~ ^^^' Emblem I. The sun over a pyramid — qUasI soL refULgens, sIC VIr Iste refULsIt In teMpLo ) DeI. — Ecclesiasticus 1. 7. / post eXantLatas CUras, post nUbILa phcebUs 1 g JaM spLenDet et aLbet. /~ ^ ^' ^ The total of this line, when divided by two, gives the date 1827. ^ This is an erroneous chronogram. 1827 -/%(X/\/WW\^/V%«" ■«/N/X/\/WW\/VN/V- This curious manuscript volume now draws to a conclusion with : 'Epistola Congratulatoria ad amplissimum reverendissimumque dominum D. Eucherium Knapen, dignissimum sancti Trudonis Abbatiae praesulem LXVII. baud it^ pridem infulatum post factiones et seditiones, ex Brabantia in sui urbe ac abbatia reducem.' The two pages of Latin verse begin — Omnes unanimes, o ter Dignissime Prsesul, Clamabant Salve ! gaudia ferto ! veni ! etc., etc VARIA POEM AT A ILLUSTRIUM. 53 faX hjeC egregIUs DULCe soLatIUM. = 1827 DUpLICIter JUbILans pastor sIbI nesCIUs UMBRiB, == 1827 Directi quando lumina solis habet, etc., etc. Other ' emblems ' follow without chronograms, then afterwards — soL spLenDens, Leo perVIgILans, apIs oMnIbUs 16! \_ ^ PASTOR ES hIC sUaVIs. J ~ ^^^" oDe, pro CoronIDe, VotIVo eX CorDe VoVetUr. {sic.) = 1732 An ode in six sapphic stanzas follows, and — tIbI DeVoVet \_ „ CLerUs cum popULo. j~ ^^'^ nUnC VobIs resonans L^etos Dat MUsICa pLaUsUs. = 1827 CorDIbUs eX tenerIs nos CoLL^taMUr oVantes ! = 1827 Then follow six stanzas of Jubilee song in short metre. The last lines of the sixth stanza are — Magno Deo aCCresCentes 1 j. greX, pastorqUe VIVIte ! /~ ^ ^^ The ' Applausus ' is finished off with a sort of convivial shout — pLaUDIte ConVIV^ : gUstU JUbILarIa VL\a \ _ sUMantUr : Vester LaUtIUs haUstUs eat. j ^ ^^ pUro eX CorDe Gang LUMnIUs hasseLIo. = 1827 On the next page are some verses in the Flemish language relating to the towns of Hasselt and Louvain, to which the author has put this marginal note, ' Joco-serium.' They are preceded by this chronogram — nICoLaUs MaCors WILt nU een Vraage Doen : = 1827 aLLeeneLYk Vraagt hY ; Waar Is DIen LIeVen Man ( _ gebo6ren? (sic.) j ~ ^'^' WeL Ik MeYn, hIer te hasseLt, In't LanD Van LUYCk. = 1827 After the verses come these chronograms — Wat DUnCkt U Dan hIer Van DIen CaLLant? = 1827 aLLeMans VoLLen Lof Is'er WeL WeerDIg. = 1827 aCh, hoe sChoon Is Den DobbeLen JUbILi^ DIe WY VIeren != 1827 LeIft DrYMaaL UWen JUbIL6 In bLYsChap ! - 1827 aLDUs WensCht U hIer nICoLaUs MaCors. (sic.) - = 1927 54 VARIA POEM AT A ILLUSTRIUM. This chronogram is at the end of the verses — abbatI eXoptato I pIo eX Voto, Dat JaCobs LUMnIUs, > = 1790 ConpatrIotta. ) What next follows is the epitaph of this Eucherius Knapen in a different handwriting to that which appears throughout the volume — ' Epigram ma, sub effigie Abbatis, in Sacristia Lummensi. Lumnius Eucherius Knapen, Dignissimus Abbas, Sancti Trudonis : sic, benedictus erat. Hie Pius et doctus, Constans Benedictus ut alter : Jura tuens Populi, Sarchiniumque tegens, Ordinis et Patriae Decus : Omnibus Omnia factus ; Firmus in adversis, Optimus Abbas obit. Duisburgi, 28 Aug : 1802.' It is explained thus, 'Olim, ante fundationem Abbatiae, Trudonopolis vocabatur sarchinium, Belgicb Serkingen ; nunc etiam Latinfe Fanum Sancti Trudonis.' The last page in the MS. volume, is an 'emblem' addressed thus, Domino J. B. Van Daeleveld, Coelibi. Ego flos campi et Lilium convallium. Canticle ii. 2. The commencing lines are — Liligeri flores spirant Virtutis odores ; Cernimus in pratis, Vallibus ilia satis, etc. Ending with this chronogram — tYpUs aDest LILIUM-ConVaLLIs VIrgInItatIs. = 1829 One feature in the chronograms associated with these ' Poemata ' is that the name of the writer or author Jacobs, or his initials J. b. J., form part of the chronogram where they appear, and must be counted as numerals. VII. TITLE-PAGES. ^^^^^i HE title-pages of books have, to a considerable extent, afforded opportunity for the application of chronograms, in order to set forth their date. It is probable, however, that the general reader is puzzled rather than informed, and he is apt to conclude that the title-page bears no date when it is expressed by chronograms instead of figures. Examples are commonly found in books printed at the German and Flemish presses, while English examples are of rare occurrence. Many of the title-pages which here follow are those of books noticed in my two volumes. Chronograms and Chronogratns Continued, where they are much scattered, and may escape observation. It is therefore desirable that some characteristic examples should be brought together to draw attention to a feature not found in modern literature. In many old books the date is given by a chronogrammatic motto or couplet at the foot of the title-page, where date figures are usually placed, or else it is mixed up with other parts of the title, and sometimes the whole of the title is composed in that form. In earlier days than the present, most title-pages were verbose in character, and prolixity was aimed at, where now we find brevity and simplicity. Such being the custom, there was ample scope for fanciful treatment, especially when the language employed was the Latin. The chronogram-writer could at the very outset of his book indulge in a whole page to show off his art, by expressing his date once for all, or repeating it oftentimes beyond all reasonable limit. One title mentioned later on, composed chiefly in chronogram, is spread over two pages of folio size. Many of the chronogrammatic sentences seem trivial when translated and examined apart from the subject of the book, or from what was passing in the author's mind. For instance, the signs of returning peace after a whole generation had been harassed by the Thirty Years' War gave rise to many a pious sentiment expressed in chronogram, which may appear to us tame, or even destitute of appropriate meaning, if regarded only as representing the date. The title-page of a book in the Imperial Library of Vienna is to this effect by translation : ' The true-hearted and well-meant exhortation of an old 56 TITLE-PAGES. German Landsnecht on the need and present danger of the universally- beloved Fatherland, much afflicted. Printed in the year, Da Das reIChtInnVn haVffen geVVorffen; 1 , zV freIDe Ietzt geneIget War.' j ~ ^ A° i.e. When the kingdom^ ncnu thrown into confusion, was yet inclined for peace. A tract on certain public jubilations at Landau is thus dated at the foot of the title-page — Anno— IVbILate IVVenes L^tI In DoMIno. = 162 1 i.e. Rejoice in the Lord, ye joyful youths. Another is dated — Anno saLVtIfero ChrIstI DoMInI. =. 1660 A book printed in 1770 at Gelders, then under Austrian rule, is dated thus in giving the names of the place and printer — tYpIs DIonYsII MaCkaY tYpographI aVstrIaCo geLrI. = 1770 Here the letter Y counts as if II, equal to 2, according to Dutch customary method. The title of a devotional book by a Jesuit author thus commences and concludes : * Exercitium amoris Dei . . . per quemdam P. Soc. Jesu. haVrIte aqVas CVM gaVDIo e fontIbVs serVatorIs.' = 1634 i.e. Drink ye with joy the waters from the fountain of the Saviour. A birthday poem, by a Jesuit at Vienna, in 1701, addressed to the infant Archduke of Austria, Leopold, the son of Leopold I., bears this date on the title-page : * Anno quo Archiducale hoc genethliacon, LeopoLDo DeDICo.' = 1701 The book itself is replete with chronograms, fine emblematic en- gravings, anagrams, and cabalistic dates in complimentary allusion to the event. The title-page of a lamentation, written by H. Colendall, a Jesuit of eminence, on the death, in 1 7 1 1, of the German Emperor, Joseph I., commences : ' Sol occidens in meridie, in occasu meridie splendior ' (then follows a long title in German), ' den 7 Julii, anno quo IosephVs pr.(EMatVro fato ConCeDebat.' = 17 11 A tract written by a Jesuit to commemorate the reception of Christina, Queen of Sweden, into the Roman Catholic Church at Innsbruck, in 1655, is dated by her name, ChrIstIna aDMIrabILIs, conspicuously printed on the title-page, exhibiting a degree of flattery which is not justified by her personal history. A tract which is a congratulation offered to certain dignitaries of the University of Vienna bears a title containing the name of a local TITLE-PAGES. 57 saint who is still popular in the country, John of Nepomuk. It begins thus — VIENNA aVstrI^ sanCto nepoMVCeno DeVota ; \ _ f. IstIVsqVe MVnIfICIs benefICIIs DItata, j ~ ^440 This is a form of chronogram occasionally met with, which is somewhat puzzling on first acquaintance. This example gives the figures 3446 ; on dividing the sum by two, the date 1723 is arrived at twice over. The title-page of a flattering effusion, addressed to the Emperor Leopold by Ferdinand Orban, a Jesuit writer, published at Dusseldorf, begins thus — APOTHEOsIs LeopoLDI prIMI C^sarIs, etc. These words, the first in the book, give the date 1705. The title-page of a poetical congratulation, when degrees were conferred at the University of Prague on some highly-honoured members thereof in 1655, concludes with this date — ANNO QUO aLeXanDeR septIMVs pontIfeX VnIVersaLIs PASTOR InaVgVratVr. This gives the date 1655, and seems to imply that the election of the Pope in the same year added special honour to the occasion. The victory over the Turks at Buda-Pesth in 1686 was celebrated with appropriate rejoicings ; a description of them was printed by the Clementine College at Prague, in 1686, bearing this title, which expresses that date — epInICIa ChronographICa De feLICI VICtorIa bVD.e A ChrIstIanIs eXpVgnata. A book by Henricus Kitschius, concerning finger-rings : *De anulorum origine,' etc., published at Leipzig in 1614, is thus dated — anVLos pretIosos aMorTs LVDIbrIa reor. = 16 14 i.e. I suppose precious rings to be the playthings of love. It is dedicated to a certain distinguished family, with the date thus — annI InItIVM FAVsxi: proCeDat opto. = 16 14 i.e. I pray that the beginning of the year may proceed auspiciously. A rare little book, by Gabriel Grisley, 'Viridarium Lusitanum,' describing the medicinal qualities of plants growing in the neighbour- hood of Lisbon, is appropriately dated by this hexameter line — annosas stIrpes panChrestVs Lege MeDetVr. --- 1661 i.e. The sovereign remedy heals aged trunks {or persons) by its power. A doctor of philosophy and medicine, and Rector of the University of Breslau, Petrus Kirstenus by name, published several works dated by chronograms, alluding to himself and the subjects of his writings. His work, ' Vitae Evangelistorum quatuor,' is dated — anno MeDICI VerI. = 1608 8 58 TITLE-PAGES. An Arabic grammar which he prepared for his University is dated — ANNO, DoMIne ChrIste VenI. = 1608 and a section of the same work, ' Tria specimina characterum Arabicorum,' is dated — ANNO, GERManI ARABliE vSTVDIa CaPTENT. = 1608 i.e. In this year may the Germans fake to the studies of Arabia. His ' Notae in Evangelium S. Matthaei ' bears the date — anno In qVo not^ hIstorI^e sanCtI Matth^I eDIt^. = 1611 i.e. In this year these notes of the history of Saint Matthew were put forth. His notes on * Epistolae S. Judas ' is dated — anno, IMpRESSIs BRESLiE His NOTIs EPiSTOLiE IVD^. = 161 1 i.e. These notes of the epistle of Saint Jude being printed at Breslau in the year 161 1. Two orations deUvered by the author on his being appointed as Rector, in i6io, were published by the Senate of the University, accompanied by compHmentary verses, in which this date appears — MItIs DoCtor kIrsteInIVs. = 1610 and further on this hexameter and pentameter couplet — tVnC LVX aVgVstI sI qVInta est fVLserat orbI, 1 , teCta noVVs reCtor gaVDet aDIre sCnoLyE. /~ i.e. Then the daylight, if it was on the ^th of August, shone on the world; the new Rector rejoices to approach the house of the University. In the Royal Library at Vienna there is a book (a poem) dated by this hexameter and pentameter couplet — VInCVLa seXCentIs (eheV !) gerIt aMpLIVs horIs \ _ j. OB saCr.e LargVs reLLIgIonIs opVs. /~ ^^^ i.e. Largus wore his chains, alas I for more than 600 hours on account of his work of sacred religion. The author was one Nicholas Largus, a Lutheran theologian, who, imprisoned on account of his religion in 1598, composed the poem during his captivity, under the title Aea-fmr-qpia, which was printed at Wittemberg in 1599. A very quaint and unusual method of dating the title-page is where the author's name is also a chronogram of the date, while no date is given in figures. A book has this title : ' Hugo Grotius, his Sophom- paneas, or Joseph, a Tragedy, with Annotations by franCIs goLDsMIth.' = 1652 Another book, by Gerard Grumsel, a Jesuit priest, printed by Plantin, at Antwerp : * Annus sexagesimus hujus sseculi ; sive res memorabiles inter regna et monarchias eo anno gestae, et chronicis distichis evulgatae : aVCtore gerarDo grVMseL.' = 1660 These works are described in Chronograms, pages 9 and 462. The chronograms by the last-named author are marvellous productions, and further noticed at a later page of this volume ; refer to Index under the name Grumsel. The title-page was sometimes a mixture of chronogram and plain print, as in the following examples : A rare volume in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley contains a series of congratulations ; it describes also the demonstrations of public joy, the decorations of churches and towns arranged by the Jesuits, or through their influence, on the birth, at Easter-time, April 13, 17 16, of Leopold, son of the Emperor Charles VL, the heir to the throne of Austria ; printed at the Clementine College at Prague. The whole is exceedingly curious, abounding in chronograms ; a few extracts will illustrate the several title-pages. The general title begins thus — Augustales Cunge Serenissimi Archi-ducis Austrise Ducis Asturiae Leopoldi Joannis Josephi Antonii Francisci de Paula Hermenegildi Rudolphi Ignatii Balthasaris, Augustissimarum Majestatum Caroli VI. et Elisabethae primo geniti. Europge Cimelii, Regnorum Spei, Seculorum Pretii, 1620 TITLE-PAGES. 59 The title-page of an extremely rare and curious little work, chronogrammatic throughout, is given in facsimile, of the actual size, on the following page. The work itself is composed in imitation of the universally-known work of Thomas k Kempis, " De Imitatione Christi," and is described in Chronograms^ pages 434 to 439, and at a subsequent page of this volume. The chronograms make the date 1658. A small book printed at Erfurt, condemning the use of dice and other gambling at the University, is dated only by this chronogram — stVMosI ab aLea et LVDIs \ IVre prohIbItIs abesse Debent. / i.e. Students ought to be absent from dice and games forbidden by law. Among other books printed in Germany, I find the following dates on their title-pages — eCCe fLorent VaLLes CVM eVangeLIo. = 15 16 anno ChrIstI MeDIatorIs nostrI. = 1605 ChrIstVs reDeMptIo orbIs. - 1608 anno regnantIs Ver^ MIsERlCoRDIiE. = 1609 anno reDeMptIonIs ChrIstIan^. = 1604 anno saLVtIfero ChrIstI DoMInI. = 1660 DeVs six VobIsCVM. = 161 7 At Frankfort I met with a book dated thus — o pII In toto orbe, Date sVa CesarI et )• =-- 1620 Deo QViE sVnt DeI. § •if !^ S R i3 § (a M •6 I IS (See page 59.) TITLE-PAGES. 6i Patriae Pupillae, Sub festivse Orbis incendia Genethliacis honoribus, Flammisque nocturnis illustratse A soCIetate IesV h^reDItarI^ proVInCIjE BokMiE. The date thus given is 1 7 1 6. The whole volume is a notable example of the language of Court flattery and grandiloquent praise ; the fireworks and the bonfires which blazed were to symbolize the light which Austria was to experience from the event ; the Emperor is personally addressed as the sun, the origin of light, 'Sed enim felicissime Csesarum Carole Sol es inter tot Sidera in Ccelo Austriae,' and so forth. The whole volume is curious. A subordinate title runs thus — ferIa seCVnDa PAsCHiE prIMogenItVs Infans hIspanI^e, = 1716 Serenissimus Archidux Austriae, princeps Asturiae Leopoldus. orbIs totIVs DeLICIVM, et L^^itItIa, = 17 16 in communi populorum applausu, pro theatro public^ erecto, in montibus Kuttnis ad sanctam Barbaram, repraesentatus a DeVota C^SAREiE MaIestatIs InfantI hespero \ _ f- soCIetate IesV. j" ^^'^^ Another subordinate title is entirely in chronogram ; it describes a festival held at Teschen in honour of the little infant Archduke, commencing thus — appLaVsVs genethLIaCVs aVgVsT^ PROLI, NEC-NATO arChIDVCVLo LeopoLDo Inter renoVatos eVrop^ festIVos Ignes, reVerenter obLatVs AB InDIgenIs MIssIonarIIs C^sareIs soCIetatIs IfsV, M^JE ChrIstIan^e tesChInII DIe tertIo VIrentIs MaII. Another subordinate title is of a more complex character, combining a chronogram and a cabala ; the latter is an ancient method of notifying a date by means of all the letters of the alphabet, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and other languages, according to this key — ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQR I 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 S T U X Y Z. 90 100 200 300 400 500. The title is handsomely printed, covering two folio pages, and reads as follows — Verna hILarIa 1 g Li^TO, et festIVo InCenDIo anIMata / ' Quibus Inter exultantium Provinciarum gaudia hinc paschalia, indfe genethliaca, 1716 1716 1= 1716 62 TITLE-PAGES. augustissimo imprimis patri Carolo VI. augustissimae matri Elisabethse, deinde aVstrI^; }- ^716 serenIssIMo parIter arChI-DVCI aVstrI^ ; ASXVRlyE De OVIeDo, ET De \ _ /: santILLanaI prInCIpI; j~ ^^lo MagnI LeopoLDI pII C/ESarIs aVgVsto \ , NEPOTi: ]= ^716 CiESARE^ regI^qVe MaIestatIs \ _ VICtorIoso h^reDI, j~ ^7i6 Leopoldo Sub florida ejusdem genethlia, vernis deliciis coeva, Submissim^ et devotissimb applausit Academicum Collegium Societatis Jesu Pragae ad Sanctum Clementem Anno, quo orbi nata est Soboles dilecta Deo Magnum Jovis incrementum. 307 142 59 308 358 542 Such is this singular title ; the concluding line is a near adaptation of the words of a familiar line in Virgil (Eel. iv. 49) — ' Cara Deum soboles, magnum Jovis incrementum.' i.e. Dear offspring of the gods^ illustrious progeny of Jupiter. By a trifling alteration in two of the words, the line of the ancient poet is made to give out a modern date, while in its application it attains to the very apex of flattery. The sums placed under each word when added together make the date 17 16. How great is the ingenuity which drew out the hidden meaning, almost a prediction ! This illustrious infant, so greatly desired to succeed to the throne and dominions of Austria, the descendant of a long line of Kings of Spain, was invested with the decorations and dignity of the order of the Golden Fleece at the age of eight months. The volume now cited is but a fragment of the public adulation accorded to him : the national joy was unbounded. But disappointment soon followed ; the infant died before he reached the age of twelve months, and with him ceased the hope of male descendants to Charles VI., who, before his own death, procured, by the Pragmatic Sanction, such an alteration in the national law or custom as enabled his daughter, Maria Theresa, to succeed to the crown of Hungary and Bohemia on the death of her father, which happened in 1740, A lamentation in Latin verse on the death of a daughter of the Emperor Leopold I., the wife of Maximilian Emmanuel, Duke of Bavaria, Count Palatine, etc.,^ is contained in a rare tract with a title- page commencing thus : ' Epicedion in obitum serenissimae principis ^ The Spanish titles of the infant Leopold. * This potentate is mentioned at a subsequent page of this present volume, where his successful career and his ultimate misfortune are noted. TITLE-PAGES. 63 ac ducissse Marise Antonise Josephae Benedictae Rosilige Petronillae, augustissimi principis Leopoldi Ignatii Romanorum, Germanorumque imperatoris filise dilectissimse, serenissimi principis Maximiliani Emmanuelis .... nuper conjugis defunctse in aula Viennensi 24 Decembris 1692,' etc. A solemn 'pomp' in memory of her was performed in the Royal Chapel at Brussels, on February 10, 1693, as indicated by this chronogram at the foot of the title-page — eJVs fIebant eXeqVI^ DeCIMa febrVarII assIstebatqVe\ _ ^ Integra aVLa. /" ^^93 i.e. They performed her obsequies on the tenth of February, and the whole Court assisted. The last page gives the date and other particulars by chronograms. The place, year, month, and day of her death — MarIa antonIa VIgILIa natIVItatIs \_ . ChrIstI DeVote VIENN.E eXpIrat. j- I 92 Another of the year, month, and day — prIDIe qVo DeIpara parIt absqVe DoLore, antonIa ) LVgentIs beLgII gVbernatrIX pIe obIIt. / Another of the year of the ' solemn pomp ' — pIe JesV ! propItIVs sis pI/e MARl^E-ANTONliE VXorI 1 r pLangentIs DVCIs boIarI^. j '^ ^Z Another of the aforesaid year containing the name of the author — frVatVr antonIa reqVIe perpetVa, His petIt gVILIeLMVs VanDer sLooten presbIIter. i.e. Maria Antonia expires in the faith at Vienna, on the vigil of the birth of Christ, 1692. On the day before the mother of God brought forth without pain, Antonia, the governess of grieving Belgium, died piously, 1692. Holy Jesus! be thou propitious to Maria Antonia, the wife of the sorrowifig Duke of Bavaria, 1693. May Antonia enjoy eternal rest I for this prays William Vander Slooten, the priest, 1693. ■***- The foregoing examples are selected from an extensive collection of others of the same kind ; they suffice to indicate the more simple form of title-page exhibiting the date, without figures, as commonly used for the purpose. I now give examples of the more extended application of chronograms, showing the whole title-page composed in that form. It will be seen that the exigency of the chronogram limits the use of words and cramps the language, and it leads the author to adopt quaint and circuitous phrases, at the risk of obscuring his meaning. It was some time after I commenced chronogram-hunting that I en- countered a whole title in that form, and that only at second-hand. The book which bears the title is mentioned in Kayser's ' Index 1692 1693 64 TITLE-PAGES. Librorum ' and Graesse's ' Tr^sor des livres rares et prdcieux.' The title is as follows, thrice repeating the year of publication — ChronoLogIa saCra eXCerpta eX CLarIs sententIIs soL1s\ _ „ teXtIbVs DIVInI CoDICIs. /" ^^°^ assIgnans VarIas serIes, annVa spatIa, obVIas teXtVras,\ _ « annosqVe InItos saeCVLI DeCIMI nonI. /~ ^^°^ serVIens DIVersIs oCCasIonIbVs, InsCrIptIonIbVs Con-1 CIonIbVs, operIbVs VeL pVbLICIs VeL prIVatIs proV= i8oi CVIVsCVnqVe seV genIo seV IngenIo aC pLaCIto. J i.e. Sacred chronology chosen from conspicuous sentences, in single texts of the Holy Volume, marking various series, amiual periods, obvious con- structions, and years at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Serving for divers occasions, inscriptioiis, preachings, and works, both public and private, of any sort, whether for good taste or for wit and pleasantry. The book is more particularly described in the ' Bulletin du bibliophile,' publid par J, Techner, xii"^^ serie, 1856, page 591, as very rare, and the writer goes on in effect to say : ' This sacred chronology is one of the most singular books that have been composed in the nineteenth century ; you will recognise there the German patience and tenacity. What time must have been lost in submitting ten thousand verses of Holy Scripture to so bizarre a transformation ! The reader, however, ought to think himself happy that the wars of the period and the expense of printing compelled the author to put forth only two thousand five hundred verses instead of the ten thousand which he had prepared. Each year of the nineteenth century, inscribed in small capitals is accompanied by twenty-five verses, forming twenty-five numerical anagrams of the year under which they are placed. The title of the book, divided into three paragraphs, furnishes three numerical anagrams of the year 1801. To what use can this volume be put ? What is the end the author proposes ? We reply to these questions by referring to the last paragraph of the title, which seems to say : *' My friend, make whatever use you please of this collection." Some persons, profiting by the right thus conceded to them by the author, have perceived in this " chronologia sacra " a series of pro- phecies ! At this hypothesis we smile.' — I cannot trace this rare book in the catalogues of either the British Museum or the Bodleian Libraries. I have never met with a copy. Another book, published at Agram (Zagrab), in Hungary, mentioned in * Scriptores rerum Hungaricum,' by J. G. Schwanter, vol. iii., 784, has a chronogrammatic title-page, commencing thus — VeterIs et noVae geographIae CoMpenDIosa CongerIes. = 17 14 (seu) CoMpenDIosa eXposItIo geographICa. = 17 14 eVropae, asIae, afrICae, aMerICaeqVe tIpo Data. = 17 14 i.e. A compendium of ancient and modern geography — otherwise, a concise geographical exposition of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, given in print. TITLE-PAGES. 65 This work is by Nicolaus Merzliak. I cannot find a copy of it in the British Museum Library; indeed, I have never seen one, and cannot say whether it contains any other chronograms. The author of the work from which I take this notice remarks quaintly enough : ' Annus titulo, scholastic© artificio, innixus est, quem facile fuerit lectori eruere.' »$» A very rare tract in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley, printed at Tyrnau, in Hungary, has a very conspicuous title-page entirely in chronogram ; I give a facsimile of it on the next page. It may be read as follows ; the stars in the original divide the page into ten chronograms of the date 1714 : * Palma statis quaternse religioni, Caesari, patriae, ac literis consecratae, Pannoniae florescens, * seu excellentissimus generalis bellicus praeclaris virtutis, et^ strenuus verae religionis propugnator * stabile pias fidei fulcrum * Caesari, religioni, patriae, devota fidelitatis idea + lunatae gloriosissimus debellator gentis + Comes Stephanus Kohari haereditarius in Csabragh * laeto patriae plausu utilitati publicae votis secundis electus judex curiae * recurrente annua sancti Stephani protomartyros die * a devotissima sibi et pia Calliope Nitriensi * ipso natali die metrice salutatus.' * — I venture on the following translation of this somewhat intricate composition : The palm of the quaternian age consecrated to the emperor, to the country, and to learning, beginning to blossom in Pannonia [Hungary], In other words. The most excellent warlike general, the strenuous champion of eminent virtue and of true religion, the well-established support of pious faith, the devoted representative of fidelity to the entperor, to religion, and to his country, the most glorious opponent of the crescent-bearing nation [the Turks\ hereditary Count Stephen Kohari, of Csabragh ; by the joyful approbation of the cotmtry, by the wishes of those favourable to the common weal, choseti judge of the Court, on the recurring annual day of Saint Stephen, the proto-martyr, he is metrically saluted by the pious, and to him the most devoted Calliope of Neustra, on his own ?iatal day. The contents of the tract are Latin poems by the ' pious scholars ' of the college of Neustra, in Hungary (of whose class he was the founder), and a long acrostic on his name and titles, consisting of 158 alliterative hexameter verses. A more extended notice of the contents of the tract here introduced may be seen in my volume Chronograms Continued, page 366. ^ The word aC in the seventh line of the original is no doubt the author's error for ET, as corrected in this transcript, because the chronogram as it stands makes the date l8io ; the word by itself in the fourth line should probably be seV, but that would bring the chronogram to 1715, still leaving an error in the sentence intended to make 1714. $^^ ■■ PaLMa .ETAtIs OyATERN^ ItELfcloNl* Ci:sARl, patrI*:, aC LIterIs ConseCratvf , PANNONliE fLoRE^CeNS^ S E U eXCeLLentIssIMVs generaLIs beLLICVs^ pr^eCLarTs VIrtV'^Is, aC strenVVs Ver^ jrkLIgIonIs propVgkator* stabILe pliE fIDeI fVLCrVM^ CiESARl^ reLIgIonI, patriae j DeVota fIDeLI^atIs IDea^ LVNAt^iE gLorIosIssIMVs DebeLLator GENrls^ CoMes stephanVs koharI h^ereDItarIVs In Csabragh^ L^TO PATRliE pLaVsV VtIUtatI pVbLICe Votfs seCVnDIs eLeCtVs IVDeX CVrI^e. reCVrrente annVa sanCtI stephanI froto-MartYros DIe^ DeVotIssIMa sIbI et pIa CaLLIope nItrIensI^ Ipso na^aLI DIe MetrICe sALVtatVs^^ _^^- ^ , );;.., TViRNAVI^ lypis AcauemiQisi per Geoi'gium AnUifeftm Koden. [See page 65.] TITLE-PAGES, EXTRACTS FROM 'BACKER.' 67 The following chronogram-dated title-pages were noticed by Rev. W. Begley when searching at foreign libraries, and unable to do more than take short notes of them : First, a book published in 1663: * Demonstratio Conceptionis Deiparae impossibilis in peccato originaU.' sanCta MarIa neC potVIt ConCIpI In peCCato orIgInaLI = 1663 This book was translated into French with the following title : ' Demonstrance de I'impossibilite de la Conception de la Vierge Mbre de Dieu dans le peche original — generation De VIerge Mere toVte IrreproChabLe.' = 1663 Second, a little book published in 1854, the year of the edict of Pope Pius IX., making the Immaculate Conception a dogma of the Church, entitled: 'Beatissimae Virginis Marise glorificatio . . . Dogmate per S. S. Papam Pium IX., S. P. edicto.' Marine sIne Labe eDICta ConCeptIo. = 1854 ■'I-*^. TITLE-PAGES, EXTRACTS FROM 'BACKER: HERE are placed on record the titles of some books containing chronograms by Jesuit writers, extracted from the earlier pages of the new edition (in progress) of ' Bibhotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus,' by Augustin and Aloys Backer, vol. i., issued 1890. As I cannot meet with any copy of them, I can do no more than extract the titles. At page 298 of Chronograms, I give a similar list, extracted from the first edition of the entire work of Backer. That author includes in his list many of the works noticed in my two volumes : Antwerp, college of. — 'Pia monita aD saLVteM sCrIpta = 1656 per anni mdclvi. Chronica expressa sodalibus partheniis et studiosae juventuti in strenam data. Antuerpiae,' etc. Paul Aler, author of many works. — Colonia Agrippina ob invictam in fide orthodoxa constantiam a Deo . . . inter varia bellorum peri- cula incolumis conservata, etc. esto pIa et sVperIs In VIta, et Morte fIDeLIs I VngetVrqVe trIbVs qVarta Corona tVIs = 1699 Nicolas Avancinus, author of many works. — Elogium D. Leopoldo . . . principi ... in basilica D. Stephani . . . dictum anno quo LeopoLDVs IgnatIVs aVstrIaCVs I. VngarI^ reX pVbLICo totIVs regnI et orbIs Voto In festo s. LaDIsLaI regIs XXVII. IVnII posonII CoronatVs est. = 1655 Jean Beesten, professor of philosophy at Paderborn — Reliquiae philosophiae biennalis philosophise ChrIsto IesV 1 ^^g^ saLVatorI eI sqVe DIV^ parentI MarI^ / 68 TITLE-PAGES, EXTRACTS FROM 'BACKER: sanCto Iosepho et angeLo CVstoDI sanCtIs IgnatIo etI ^. XaVerIo DICat^ ConseCrat^. / The latter part of this chronogram title is erroneous, but it is so in both editions of Backer, where the date is stated also in figures, 1682. Bebius, Philip. — Trivium cceleste, sive tractatus iv spiritales. . . . Coloniae Agrippins . . . anno InCarnatI IesV VerI serVatorIs MVnDI. = 1626 Another work. — Schola affectuum, hoc est brevis et methodica moderandorum et affectuum, etc. . . . Colonise Aggrippinse . . . ANNO sanCto sanCt^ MatrI eCCLesI^e faVentIbVs, IVbIL^I prInCIpIIs. = 1625 Another work. — Thronus Justitiae in quo docetur quomodo anima viri justi, etc. . . . Coloniae Agrippinae ... a natIVItate DoMInI, et serVatorIs nostrI IesV ChrIstI. = 1624 Another work. — Phoenix redivivus. . . . Coloniae Agrippinse . . . Vt XenIVM CcetVI DeIpar/e. = 1628 Bossanyi, Wolfgang. — Tripartitum Juris philosophici actibus logicis principia tradens. . . . Anno quo paci propius aCCeDIMVs. Tyrnaviae . , . etc. = 1705 Bohemia, province of. — XVIII. Heroum Christianorum spectacula in amphitheatrum honoris et gloriae . . . regis Ferdinandi IV. dicata consecrataque, anno quo roMa tIbI fernanDe parat regaLIa sCeptra = 1653 AST regna In pLebIs CorDe parabIt aMor. = 1653 In the next group, on Calendars, will be found other examples of title-pages, composed in chronogram form. Also at other places in this volume title-pages of a similar character are recorded, belonging to books which are noticed more appropriately in other groups of chronogrammatic literature. VIII. CHRONOGRAM CALENDARS. 'OME calendars in a singular chronogrammatic form, with title- pages entirely in chronogram, are worthy of a more extended notice than they can have in these pages, especially those from the pen of a parish priest in the Tyrol, and printed at Salzburg. I have reason to think that they are very rare, while it is manifest that they are curious, serious, humorous, and scholarly ; they are worthy of being entirely reprinted. Each consists of from thirty to forty small folio pages, boldly printed. My friend the Rev. Walter Begley is the fortunate owner of them. The first is a calendar of 1726 ; the facsimile on the next page is that of the title-page on a somewhat reduced scale from the original ; the stars at the end of some of the lines mark off the set which constitutes the chronograms of the date 1726 eight times repeated. It will admit of the following translation : T/ie great and ever to be venerated glory of the sectdar priesthood. Or, in other words, a calendar of this new and fleeting year, from the nativity of our Lord and gracious Saviour Jesus Christ, 1726, in which Michael Winepaher, priest and ' pastor Paludanus ' in Passyria, has set forth as well the saints and blessed vicars of Christ at Rome, as also the simply secular priests who have been numbered among the saints, and has sketched them out in chronogram verse. — Printed at Salzburg by the Court printer, J. J. Mayr. The author proceeds to give a daily calendar of saints, with appropriate Latin hexameter and pentameter verses in chronogram for each month of the year, filling thirty-seven pages, and making upwards of 730 chronograms. This is followed by an ' Appendix,' with a title-page printed as in the copy in imitation of the original on page 72 ; the lines as divided off by stars are four chronograms of the year 1726. (Observe the abbreviation of the conjunction que in the second and third chronograms ; the word if printed at length would give five years too much in each). This title, when arranged in plain print, becomes four hexameter verses, thus — Appendix verb insignis seu practica major, Ex qua cuncta vides : tempestatesque sonorae Clarius, exorto tandem quoque sole, notantur. Ex fundamento banc prefatus scripserat author. VsqV; Magna, ET eVeneranDa presbIJterII SteCVLarIs gLorIa. seV CaLenDarIVM no VI IstIVs LabentIs annI A natIVItate DoMInI, aC gratIosI serVatorIs nostrI IesV ChrIstI, M. Dcd XXVL » In qVo, ^ractcr DIVos, atqVc beatos RoMae ChrIstI VICarIos, « Meros prope prcsbljteros saeCVLares, qVI I Inter DIVo« rcLatI, proposVcrat, VersVqVe CbronographlCd dDYMhaVtfaf, [IChaeL VVInepaher, presbljtcr, & paftc paLVDatiVs In rafsyrla. SyiLlSBURGl, Typis Joinnis Jofephi Nf ayr, A«!ico-Acidemfci Typogr. p.m. Haaxduta. [See page 69.] CHRONOGRAM CALENDARS. 71 This is somewhat enigmatical, and seems to indicate the author's past troubles, with the prospect of more comfortable circumstances. It admits of this translation : An appendix truly remarkable^ or a stiperior method from which you see all things: and the loud-sounding tempests are more clearly marked, the sun at length having risen. Written on a sure basis by the afore- said author. The rest of the contents are curious, and are evidently a humorous representation of the author's circumstances ; it is to be inferred that he was a poor country curate or coadjutor to the parish priest, and after working hard for thirty years was still without promotion. When the parish priest died he expected the post to be given to him, and in his disappointment he describes what probably he witnessed, namely, the rapacious ransacking and plundering of the house by the relatives of the deceased ; and this, he would have us to understand, was not an unusual proceeding on the death of a priest. This is told in upwards of 120 hexameter and pentameter chrono- gram verses, each making the year 1726, the whole of which I have reprinted, together with other copious extracts, in my volume Chronograms Continued, pages 410-426. The author was Michael Winepaher, the parish priest at Moos, in the Tyrol, formerly for many years the curate there. The enigmatical language of the title seems to imply that fortune ' at length ' favoured him. The expression ' pastor Paludanus ' at the conclusion of the first title-page miy be taken as a sign that he had gained his promotion by becoming the priest of a parish deserving of that appellation, and indicating a marshy or moorland locality. Some while after the foregoing calendar for 1726 was under notice, two other examples by the same author, Michael Winepaher, stitched together in one cover, arrived at the library of the Rev. W. Begley, from a German anti- quarian bookseller. They are for the years 1724 and 1727, and as they are equally curious with that of 1726, it seems desirable that they should be equally described. I therefore reproduce what appeared in the Antiquary for May, 1889, concerning them. I may, however, observe that only a full tran- script, or, better still, a facsimile of each calendar, would alone set forth their curious and peculiar character. These two calendars resemble the one already noticed ; each day in the year has one or more Latin hexameter and pentameter couplets appropriate to the saints to whom the days have been assigned, and each single line is a chronogram of the year. A translation in German verse not chronogrammatic follows each couplet ; here is a specimen for the beginning of January, — Circumcisio Domini annI prInCIpIVM CVI Debeg FORxfe fVtVrI ? =1726 prInCIpIo nVMqVID qVI qVoq : fIne Caret? » 1726 Dass neue Jahr von mir heut dem gewidmet wird, Der keinen Anfang hat, und ohne End regiert. S. Concordius Martyr in Italia. PER TE ConCorDI ! faVstVs reDDatVr Vt annVs, = 1726 aD CceLVM sVbIt6 Vota, qVot astra, VoLant. = 1726 Dass ein begliicktes Jahr wir durch dein vorbitt kriegen, Concordi ! tausend Wiinsch zu dir gen Himmel fliegen. APPENDIX Vere InsIgnIs , seV praGtIGa MaIor, eX qVa CVnCta vide: teMpestateso: sonor^ CLarIVs, EXorto tanDeM qVoq: soLe notantVr. eX fVnDaMento hanC praefatVs sCrlpferat AVthor. [See pages 69 and 71.] CALENDARS. 73 The first calendar now to be described is for the year 1724. The title-page, commencing with five chronograms of the year, separated by stars, with the date letters in red, is as follows : aVreLII feLIX DeCennIVM. seV CaLenDarIVM LabentIs hVIVs annI A natIVItate DoMInI, aC serVatorIs nostrI IesV ChrIstI, M.DCC.XXIV. qVI bIs qVIntVs est a Ccepto granDIs CcenobII pr^stantI regIMIne * Reverendissimi, perillustris, ac amplissimi | Presu- lis I Domini Domini | Augustini, | Sac. Ord. Cisterc. Exempti, ac Celeberrimi | Monasterii ad B. Virginem, & S. Joannem | Baptistam, in Stambs | Abbatis dignissimi : | Sac. Csesarese, & Regiae Cathol. Majestatis &c. &c. | Consiliarii, & Aula Sacellani Perpetui : necnon Statuum | Pro- vincialium Tyrol. Actualis Deputati. | CVIVs gratIoso honorI DICatVM fVerat A MIChaeLe VVInepaher, presbIJtero, & PASTORE paLVDIano In passIJrIa. In ^ CrVCe gaVDIVM • fjA • spIrItVs. Thorn . Kemp . 1 . 2 de -^^ Imit . Christ . cap . 12 . n . a. Cum permissu superiorum. The title may be thus translated : The happy decade of Aurelius. In other words, a Calendar of this neiv and passing year 1724, after the nativity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, which is the tenth from the beginning of the excellent government of the great convent, of the most reverend, illustrious, and distinguished Augustinus, the most worthy abbot of the holy order of Cistercians of the free and famous monastery of the Blessed Virgin and Saint John the Baptist at Stambs,^ a?id councillor and perpetual chaplain of the court of his Imperial and Royal Catholic Majesty, etc.. In the Ober-Inn-Thal, in Tyrol ; founded in 1273. 10 74 CALENDARS. etc., also the acting Deputy of the provincial States of Tyrol. To ivhose gracious honour this has been dedicated by Michael Winepaher, priest arid ^pastor paludanus ' in the Fasseir Valley. In the cross is Joy of the spirit. [From Thomas a Kempis.) Frinted by pennission of the authorities. An address to the Abbot next follows, couched in figurative language playing on the word ' felix ' (in the second line of the title), in allusion to the ten years of his happy reign, and to Arabia Felix, so productive of delicious fruits, a name which the Monastery at Stambs deserved to have, because there the presence of the Abbot was as the rays of the sun, etc. ; ending by a wish that the same rays might fall on the author until the Abbot himself shall have his place among the Saints in the Calendar. Here the author signs himself as Pastor Paludanus. In the calendar of 1726 there are some hexameter chronogram lines on the signs of the zodiac (see Chronograms Continued^ page 414). In that now under notice, we find the following, but different lines, each making the date 1724 : T. t5- hIC arIes prIMVs post hVnC est orDIne) taVrVs. j~ ' "^ n. PoLLVX, et Castor geMInI sInt DenIqVeI fratres. / 05. granDIor In CanCro rVrsVs proMIttItVr\ iESTVs. / £l. rij. InseqVItVr VIrgo pr^eCLara sVbInDe LeoneM. = 1724 £1. '(f^. CVM LIBRA qVoq : soLIs Iter nepa possIDet\ _ VsqVe. /~ ' "^ "K. tVnC porr6 arCItenens DeXtra VIbrat Ipse\ sagIttaM. j W- 5^. K. DenIq: proVenIVnt; qVI ? sVnt Caper, aM-) ^ PHORA pIsCes. / ' The calendar fills thirty-eight pages. These votive verses are addressed to the Abbot of Stambs : PRO PRiEsVLE staMbensI VoTA noVa et soLennIa astroLogI paLVDanI. * LVX soLIs raDIans CharIs staMbensIbVs orta est, = 1724 aVgVstInVs VbI CcenobII, ante DeCeM = 1724 annos, fIt PRiEsVL; nIMIs 6 DILeCtVs ab aXe. = 1724 DoCtrIna, et VIrtVs qVaM soCIata fVIt ! = 1724 MathVsaL^ hIC granDIS pr^sVL bene VIVat In annos! = 1724 atqVe bonIs oVIbVs gaVDIa MILLe Creet ! = 1724 Corporis et LangVor parIter DeIn eXVLet oMnIs ! = 1724 et MagnVs CresCat VIrIbVs InDe VIgor ! = 1724 1724 1724 1724 1724 CALENDARS. 75 CcenobII, PATRliEQVE DeCVs VeneretVr, aMorIs =» 1724 In tItVLo, feLIX sVbDIta aMata Cohors ! = 1724 fLoresCat! VIreat ! MaIas qVoqVe VItIs aD aLpes! = 1724 IMpLet VbI feLIX horrea DIVa Ceres. = 1724 Dent sVperI et CVnCtIs patrIbVs staMbensIbVs annos, = 1724 Menses, qVeIs CVnCtI sVnt sIne nVbe DIes ! = 1724 nVMIna Lata VIrI soLennIa Vota feCVnDent ! = 1724 CcenobII granDIs serVVs hIC VsqVe Manet. = 1724 A playful astrological appendix next follows, with this title-page : ConsVeta, ] et pLANk VtILIssIMa >-= 1724 appendix, j In qVa \ _ eX steLLa speCtat^e MagnItVDInIs, /" ^'^^^ InsIgnIter, et LVCVLentIVs DeMonstratVr = 1724 Certa 1 ET Mera VerItas J-= 1724 De fVtVrIs ContIngentIbVs. J aVCtore 1 eXpertIssIMo astroLogo |-= 1724 paLVDano, In passyrIa. J This ' customary and most useful appendix ' contains verses in chronogram of a pretended prophetic character about the seasons, the eclipses, and a big war about to happen in Spain, with these several headings : eCCe Tlpoyvbia-LV De qVatVor IstIVs annI teMporIbVs. * PRiEFATVM De eCLIpsIbVs Labente Isto anno fVtVrIs. * II/3oyv- LVX IVVenVM patrII gLorIa rara soLI /" ^^°^ ^ Fontainebleau. za 90 BA UDIUS. InCoLat VsqVe tVas feLIX ConCordIa sedes, MVLta proLe Lares Vesta VenVsqVe beet. CandIda LVX orItVr nIVeo testanda LapILLo qVa IVVenI CLaro nVbIt aMcena CharIs. sCagIVs aC bataVas InternVrVs InCLVta nyMphas IVngVntVr saCrI fcedere ConIVgII. IVngItVr aLMa VenVs bataV^ teLLVrIs oCeLLo paX et sanCtVs honor proVehat hosCe thoros, sCagIVs InsIgnIs bataV^e deCor ILLe IVVentte IVra saCrVMqVe thorI ConIVgaLIs InIt. VenIt aMICa dIes VotIsqVe CVpIta pVdICIs qVa IVVenI egregIo ContIgIt aLta CyprIs. hora optata VenIt sCaghIo dVVordIa ConIVnX CedIt In ILLVstrI CLara fVtVra DoMo. LIVoR ET VLtrICes eXCedant limine rIX.*:, CopIa de CornV dIVIte fVndat opes. nVLLa dIes VnqVaM feLICIa VInCVLa soLVat qV^ pater Ipse graVI sanCIIt ore deVs. aVCtor ConIVgII deVs h^C saCra fcedera sanXIt, Hos dIrIMet nVLLVs qVos deVs Ipse LIgat. On the marriage of the learned youth, John Kirchmann, and Emerentia Coelia, daughter of the very renowned senator. The j^oetry concludes with these chronograms — LaVrIgero VatI ConIVnX se CceLIa IVngIt 1 ^^^^ kIrChManno, Vt feLIX sIt preCor Iste dIes. J aVrea LVX orta est VotIsqVe optata pVdICIs, \_ ^ ^ kIrChManno VatI CceLIa pVLChra datVr. J~ I _ 1603 }= 1603 1603 h 1603 )- 1603 }= 1603 h 1603 ] 1603 1_ 1603 1603 X. THE WORKS OF JOANNES REMPEN. '^^ F a different character are the poetical works of Joannes Rempen, to whom allusion has been made at page 20, where will be found some curious chronograms by himself, marking the date of the change of his religious opinions. He wrote his chronogrammatic poetry mostly in Sapphic metre and Leonine or rhyming lines, with as much classical elegance as the chronogrammatic fetters would permit. He wrote many other poems and odes, not all in chronogram, in honour of the emperors, princes, and distinguished persons of his country. A great variety of subjects and events are commemorated, and religious proclivities are treated with carefully ex- pressed praise, bitter satire, or coarse invective, according to the tone and change of his own beliefs. The extracts which follow are from two collections of his writings. I extract first from his " Delicias Parnassi." At page 2 a nuptial ode to Joseph, King of Hungary, and his wife, bears this title : " Epithalamium sive ode nuptialis adornata in honorem invictissimi et poten- tissimi Romanorum et Hungariae regis Joseph! I. modern! augustissimi imperatoris nostri et serinissimas principissoe Wilhelminae Amalise e serenis- simo stemmate. — Brunsvico Lunseburgico, Anno 1699." LVna VILesCIt, fVgIantqVe steLL^, VI Lis EST paLLas, CharItesqVe beLL.(E, Instar aVroR/E raDIat DIana hannoVerana : aD JVbar spons^ VenVs erVbesCIt, spreta JVnonIs speCIes hebesCIt, et stVpet VInCI nIVeo DeCora CoRPORE fLora : qVIs satIs VVLtVs CeLebrabIt ILLos ? fronte spIrantes heLen^ CapILLos, ore natIVo rVbra pVrpVrIsso Candida bvsso? -= 1699 1699 1699 92 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. PAR nIVI frons est, gena LILIeto, /EqVa VernantI Labra sVnt roskto; si VVILheLMIn/e faCIes CorVsCat, ^THERA fVsCaT : qVIs Canet CastI JVbar ILLVD orIs? NON POTEST phcebVs CytharIs CanorIs asseqVI VVLtVs roseos DeCores, frontIs honores : sl sVo pLeCtro CeLebres noVen^e VoCIbVs JVnCtIs VenIant CaMcex/e, IrrIta Vena sVa fILa tangent, barbIt^ frangent : si LeVat pVLChros Dea tanta gressVs, trIstIs arCetVr DoLor atqVe LessVs, et fVgat frontIs faCe prInCIpIssa nVbILa spIssa. ergo LVX aVL^ rVtILa, perenna, non eget soLIs faCIbVs VIenna, L^ta sI nyMph/e faCIes patesCIt, atqVe nItesCIt. AST LICet taLI speCIosa VVLtV Vernet et tanto pretIosa CVLtV, enItet VIrtVs raDIans DeCore nobILIore : H^C pra:It VIrtVs reLIqVos honores, Corporis pVLChrI sVperat nItores ILLa VIrtVtIs speCIe nItentIs gLorIa MentIs. te poLVs taLI reCreat DeCore, atqVe te tanto Vegetat VIgore sCeptIfer Joseph, JVbar oCCIDentIs, LVX orIentIs : aVstrI^ LVX ES, DeCor et Corona, atqVe soL orbIs : tIbI tanta Dona gratVLor, pLeCtro qVoqVe te Canoro L^tVs honoro : regIa qVanDo renItes Corona, ORA soL VeLat, faCIeqVe prona TE VereCVnDe fVgIt, ^thra paLLet, LVnaqVe sqVaLLet : si tVo Joseph pyroente VeCtVs, fronte pLVMatI, gaLeaqVe teCtVs CVrVa refLeCtIs phaLerIs sonora aVrea Lora, phosphorVs VILet nIVeo CabaLLo VeCtVs eoo roseVs CoraLLo, ASTRA qVI LVstrat rVtILante fr^no Mane sereno, = 1699 = 1699 -= 1699 < -= 1699 1699 -= 1699 ■= 1699 -= 1699 -= 1699 -= 1699 1= 1699 - = 1 699 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. 93 VInCItVr gratI faCIes rosetI, fLorIbVs stratI speCIes VIretI, hesperI fVLgor, DeCor VnIonIs, pVLCher aDonIs, VVLtVs est phcebo faCIesqVe DIgna, ET serenato JoVe frons benIgna, SE tVo VeLLet DeCorare CoLLo pVrVs apoLLo : merCVLIs Cor est, VIgor est aChILLIs, heCtgrIs fLagrant oCVLI faVILLIs ; FATA sic Instant proprIora spVrCIs DenIqVe tVrCIs.^ hostIVM Joseph paVor, hos fVgabIt : ENSE VICtrICes aqVILas LeVabIt trans feros thraCfs sCythI^ sonoras fLVCtIbVs oras. hVngara fVLges LeopoLDe LaVro, spLenDet iETERNO tVa LaVs In aVro, InqVe Josepho tVa qV^e senesCet, gLorIa CresCet. ILLa stIrps paLMIs tItVLIsqVe CLara, faVsta tot LaVrIs, sVperIsqVe Chara fLoreat, regnet, sIne fIne Vernet, sCeptra gVbernet. ASTRA Vos VotIs popVLI faVete, fata ne sponsIs noCeant CaVete, post noVeM pVLChro reCreate LVnas pIgnore CVnas : CceLItes PRiESTENT faCILes, poLVsqVe, Vt tener Joseph LeopoLDVLVsqVe^ fasCIIs strICtVs nIteat teneLLIS pVLCher oCeLLIs : robVr a forti trahat ILLe patre, fVLgVr a pVLChra ferat ILLe Matre, aC nItens proLIs faCIes VbIqVe PAR sIt VtrIqVe ; sIC sVIs pLENk satIata VotIs, beLLVLos VVLtVs VIDeat nepotIs, osCVLIs strIngens tenerIs, DeCora eLeonora.^ 1699 = 1699 i. = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 At page 9 of " Deliciae Parnassi," there is a panegyric ode to Anton Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick in 1704, consisting of fifty-six Sapphic ^ Alluding to his military success against the Turks in Hungary. ^ The king, young Joseph Leopold, who became Emperor of Germany, in 1705, as Joseph I. ' The grandmother of the Archduke Leopold Joseph. 94 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. rhyming stanzas, which I have transcribed at page 324-330 volume Chronograms. It commences — Ipse sI pLeCtro Crepitans ebVrno phceeVs eXCeLso saLIat CothVrno, NON erIt CantV, fIDIbVsqVe VIso PAR PARADIsO. of my V -- 1704 From such a profusion of chronogrammatic versification as the book presents, it is not easy to select the most appropriate for extract. For the sake of another example let the following one stand forth. A joyful gratulation to Frederic Augustus, Duke of Saxony and King of Poland, when in 1698 he changed from his evangelical to the Papist's faith. It bears this title, " Syncharisticum, sive applausus gratulatorius in honorem serenissimi ducis Saxonise, et coronati regis Polonise Friderici Augusti, dum a fide exangelica transit ad pontificiam, adornatum eidemque dicatum anno^ 1689" {sic). A vein of flattery and satire runs here — barbItVM strIngo tIbI fortIs heCtor; LaVrIger saXo, patrI^qVe reCtor. reX et eLeCtor, CVI stat poLona fronte Corona, ^thra qVot fLagrat DeCorata steLLIs ; et sInVs pontI qVatItVr proCeLLIs, TOT gerIs LaVDes, tItVLosqVe Veros beLLIger herds. qV6 rotans tItan agItat qVaDrIgas, ET MoVet fessas Vaga I.Vna bIgas, SE LeVat qVassIs tVa se perennIs gLorIa pennIs. beLLICa Late CeLebrarIs arte ; sVrgIs InVICto sVper astra Marte ; tanta NON VLLo VItIatVr ^Vo gLorIa NyEVo. qVanDo CrIstato VoLItas CabaLLo, ENSE pVgnaCI, reboante VaLLo, ferre te Constat genVIna VIVI ORA graDIVI. VIsVs ES Crebr5 LaCerante fortes ense DIsCerpens sCythICas Cohortes, aVre^ Cong gaLe^ CorVsCVs pVLVere fVsCVs. ense sI pr^sens raDIante, spIssas PRi^VIVs DVCtor rVIs In sarIssas, TE paVet sqVaLLens LaCera LaCVna thraCIa LVna. 1698 = 1698 ■= 1698 1698 1698 = 1698 = 1698 This date is probably a misprint for 1698, by reversing the figures. THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. 95 IsTA TE VIrtVs, VarI^qVe Dotes, qVas tVI sero referant nepotes, regII poMpa soLII bearVnt, sCeptra pararVnt, sVbDIt^ parent tIbI natIones, postqVe DIspersos patrIos DVbLones IVIt In Ventos, petIItqVe ContP .eqVora pontI. EST honor rarVs, fateor, poLon^ si CapVt fVLgVr teneat Corona, sl qVatIt MVreX^ trabeata beLLo CrVra fLageLLo. seD sVpra CVnCtos honor est honores, si sVpra CVnCtos nItor Is nItores, stare sVb ChrIsTO, fIDeIqVe VERiE LVCe nItere. EST HONOS InGENS, HONOR EST HONOrIs, InqVe LongInqVIs referendVs orIs, REGNA qVoD Ver^ fIDeI sVbIstI, sIgnaqVe ChrIstI. gratVLor L^tVs tIbI De poLona ET noVa pVLChr^ fIDeI Corona : qV^ nItesCentI speCIosa LaVro VIbrat et aVro: pVLCher es tItan, raDIansqVe phcebVs, CLara ConfVsIs CynosVra rebVs, QViE saCro pVRiE fIDeI benign^ fLagrat In Igne. saXones fLagrans JVbar hoC tenete ; HiEREsIs CceC/E tenebras CaVete ; et DVCIs VestrI raDIos seCVtI pergIte tVtI. qVanDo De nobIs abIens LVtherVs s^VIIt DIra rabIe seVerVs, In feros Casses properI rVIstIs, et perIIstIs. berta LVthero pLaCVIt saLaCI, GRATA LIbertas pLaCVIt fVgaCI, qVanDo noLebat toLerare pVLLI sIgna CVCVLLI. LegIfer taLIs potVIt pLaCere, eJVs Vt fraVDes LIbeat tenere, VosqVe sVb taLI DVCe CongregastIs, BELLa PiERASTiS : =. 1698 = i6c8 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 -= 1698 -= 1698 = 1698 ^ The Prince of the Bourbon family, a co-rival for the crown of Poland ; but being disappointed, he returned to France. The monarchy of Poland was elective. ' The regal purple, the throne. 96 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. hVnC seqVI qVare LIrVIt probose? sVb Coronato DVCe gLorIose Castra PRiECLAR^ fIDeI sVbIte, ORO VenIte, ERGO feLICes DVCe CLarIorT, Ite festInI : foret hoC honorI, DVX Iter pLanta pr^eVnte trIVIt, ILLe pr^eIVIt. Ite festInI : properI reDIte : Vos CItant granDes ataVI VenIte : PER VIas percent popLItes aVItas, VnDIqVe trItas. Vos VoCat NosTRiE fIDeI VetVstas, et nItens saCr^ fIDeI VenVstas, ORBE qV^ toto CeLebrata CresCIt atqVe nItesCIt. HiEC fIDes fVLget, VIget, est aDVLta, per patres Vestros ataVosqVe CVLta, hanC tot ILLVstres tenVere fortes ante cohortes. sVnt VI;e NOSTRiE fIDeI saCrat^e, CceLIC^e, DIV/e, proaVIs probat^e, sVnt VliE tVt^e, sVperIs pLaCentes, Labe Carentes. gressIbVs tVtIs properI VenIte, HoC saCer ChrIstI CrVor optat : Ite, In VIaM paCIs, sCatebrasqVe VIt/E Ite, saLIte. Immediately following is a second gratulation to the same of Poland, in a different metre — frIDerICe te poLona. stItIt iETHER In Corona : tVa VIrtVs LVCe pLena, fIDeIqVe FAX SERENA aLtIorI, rarIorI TE CORONANT gLorIa. honor Iste non senesCIt, IsTA faMa non nIgresCIt : In perennI sCVLpta saXo, sIne trIstI L^ta taXo speCIosa, gLorIosa tVa sVnt pr^ConIa. lo CLango, pLeCtra tango : non rapIna, non rVIna, NON tereDo, non pVtreDo, non fVLIgo, non rVrTgo, nVLLa tabes, nVLLa Labes, erIt hVJVs gLorI^. 1698 1698 = 1698 = 1698 1698 -= 1698 King = 1698 = 1698 ■= 1698 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. 97 This Frederic Augustus succeeded his father as Elector of Saxony in 1694, He was elected King of Poland in 1698. He was very ambitious, and aimed in every respect at being the Louis XIV. of the North. His intrigues failed, his wars were disastrous, and he was forced to abdicate in 1705. He regained the crown in 1709, when the Pope released him from his oath of abdication. He died in 1733. See Chronograins Continued, page 563. The change of religion by Frederic Augustus was made the subject of a scholastic exercise at a Jesuits' college, preserved in a volume entitled " Flores poetico- Rhetorici, tum sacri, tum scholastici. Pars prima. . . . Authore P. Ferdinando Hueber, societatis Jesu sacerdote." Printed at Munich, 1747. The exercise (at page 303) bears this title, "Ita vel Non. sive Fridericus Augustus, Saxonias princeps de religione deliberans. Exercitium oratorio-polemicum in genere deliberativo." It is in the form of a supposed discussion in Latin by Frederic and eleven notables of his country ; it is curious, but without chronograms. I shall again notice the volume subsequently. ■ W\/X/X/W\/VX^VN/V- My first acquaintance, many years ago, with the writings of Joannes Rempen was derived from a periodical published at Hamburg, " Nova Literaria Germaniae," volumes for 1706 and 1709. Several years later I obtained from a bookseller in Germany a copy of the rare work, " DeHcise Parnassi," a collection of some of Rempen's poems. Quite recently (early in 1894) a tract of sixty-six pages, small 4to., printed in 1702, reached me from a bookseller at Berlin, to which no author's name is attached ; it is the unmistakable work of Joannes Rempen before he renounced his monastic life and the tenets of the Roman Church. A considerable portion of the contents appear (with some alterations) in his later book, " Delicise Parnassi ;" the verses in the tract, his earlier publication, I have adopted as being more fresh from his pen than what he put forth several years later. Both, however, are so remarkable that I deemed them worthy of extensive transcript, rather than represent him in what now follows, merely by selected passages. The tract, I believe, is a very rare one ; the title-page is curious ; it is in full as follows : " Lutherus Immortalis. Sive geternum vivens, in stagno ignis ardentis sulphure. Decantatus ac deploratus nova poesis methodo, et incomparabili triplicis artis carmine simul juncte, nempe Metri, Rhythmi, et Chronologise. Cui accessit Obitus Lutheri, qui cseli ingressum tentans, sed a cgelicolis repulsam ferens, magna ad inferos Dsemonum pompa deducitur et a Lucifero festive excipitur. Item miracula Lutheri exorcizantis, et Catharinse de Born, ejusdem concubinse ; aliaque ejusmodi multo lepore descripta. Tandem arte supradicta, qu?edam in laudem Christi, B. V. Marise, et sanctorum : Cum ode syncharistica, in honorem IgnatianDe Fabricse, &c. Quae omnia ex occasione ejusdem scripti hseretici, in Sanctos, in ecclesiam Romanam, et in auctorem injuriosi, pro necessaria defensione 98 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REMPEN non pridem prseter alia in lucem data sunt, ex quibus hsec excerpta, erudito et curioso lectori communicantur. HoC ANNO typIs Data aC IMpressa." = 1702 This is a specimen of an ordinary title-page of the period ; the chronogram is the only date. The subject commences with an effusion against Luther, the verses above referred to in Latin Leonine hexa- meters ; the author's satire is bitter, his expressions are scurrilous, and his words are sometimes the reverse of decent. It has this title — Lutherus Immortalis. VIVIt, et nVLLIs spatIIs senesCIt, fata LVtherVs nIgra non tIMesCIt, IVbILet paLLas, resonansqVe CLIo Insonet Io. spIrat, et nVLLo MorIetVr kNo^ fLagrat aCCens^e pICIs Igne SiEVo, In feros Ignes aCherontIs IVIt, In pICe VIVIt. ILLe qVI spVrCa faCe nVper arsIt, qVI faCeM beLLI fVrIasqVe sparsIt, ^stVat tosta pICeaqVe fronte In phLegetonte. pLeCtItVr nIgra stvge patrIarCha, In LVtherano grege ChILIarCha : est DeVs VInDeX, repetItqVe pLenas VLtIo pcenas. qVI CaLens cestro, fVrIaqVe notA, saCra tentaVIt VIoLare Vota, CogItVr trIstI sCeLVs hoC aMar^ Igne pIare. qVI DeI saCra sIne Lege VIXIt, Igne saCrato CVI Cor refrIXIt arDet, et perget toLerare pLenas angVe Catenas. Ista perVersI popVLI rVIna iESTVAT s^eVa stygIs In foDIna ET nIMIs sero sVa gesta p Lor AT, sVLphVre rorat. qVI fIDe soLa petIIt bearI aC LeVI sCorto petIIt LIgarI, peLLICI IVnCtVs seDet .eVIterno tostVs aVerno. Carne LVtherVs petVLans saLaCI, HiERET In DItIs barathro VoraCI, et Cor obsCceno qVoD In Igne pVrIt, tartarVs VrIt, L 1699 = 1699 ■ = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 . 1699 1699 = 1699 = 1699 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REMPEN. 99 ORE qVI sanCtos pVpVgIt DICaCe, VoCe sCVrILIJ, JaCVLo proCaCe, ET ferIt CceLI proCeres freq Venter IrreVerenter : IsTE CiELESTi patrIa reVVLsVs, EST aD iETERNiE STYGIs ANTRA PVLsVS, LIngVa LVtherI sCeLerata DIgn^ pLeCtItVr Igne: qVI Vaga pLanta properans abIVIt, atqVe per fLores Veneris saLIVIt, saLtat In L^eta styge, ConCVbIna CVM CatharIna. JaM LVtheranI prohIbete pLanCtVs, VIVIt In stagno stygIs Iste sanCtVs, Vester hIC tantVs patrIarCha CLarIs stabIt In arIs. VVLtIbVs CVLt^e saLIant seren^e, peLLICes, sCVrr^e, pVtrID^qVe Len^, sanCtVs est LVther, CeLebrate festa SCORTA sCeLeSTA. ferte LVthero MerItos honores, serta, VeL LaVros, VarIosqVe fLores, Vos VIro sanCto saCra ferte thVra, fLeCtIte CrVra. SiEPE CornVto fVIt ara baCCho, CiEsVs EST sVs aVt arIes IaCCho, eXIgIt ferrI sIbI non MInores LVther honores. tVrba syLVanI, CaprIpes Cater Va, CornIger faVnVs, gnIDIas proterVa, InCoLVnt aras, raDIantqVe fossIs SiEPE CoLossIs : IVre LVther Vs potIore, CLarIs CornIger DIVVs renItebIt arIs, serta pLeCtantVr CeLebrI Deastro, eX oLeastro. VIVIt hIC sanCtVs, Cane tVrba L^ta, REGNAT, ET TANTVs RADIaT PROPHETA, VsqVe qVo sparsas geret ^thra steLLas, VnDa proCeLLas. fLoreat, VIVat, regat atqVe DVret, VsqVe qV6 sontes stygIs ^stVs Vret, ET faCes strIngent rabIosa Magno tartara stagno. eMorI nesCIt, resonabIt ILLe, VsqVe qV6 fLagrant stygIs faVILL^e, ET feroX pLeCtet sCeLVs ^stVantIs Ira tonantIs. r = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 ■= 1699 = 1699 -=■ 1699 -= 1699 = 1699 - 1699 1699 lOO THE WORKS OF ;jfOANNES REM PEN. I nVnC Io Lmto peDe saLtet orCVs, IVIt In nIgr^ stygIs antra porCVs, faCtVs est orCI CeLebrIs VasaLLVs, ILLe CabaLLVs. VoLVerat sCorto parIente CVnas, nVnc aD Infernas seDet Iste prVnas, gVrgItIs nItro stygII repLetVs, peLLICe L^tVs. ERGO I^VtherI CoMItes VenIte, Vos LVtheran^ VetVL^ saLIte, et saCro CantV reboate, VerI;, sanCte LVthere ! Then follows, at page lo, an effusion in Leonine hexameters of coarse obloquy against Luther, extending to 718 lines, not in chronogram, bearing this title, ' Obitus Lutheri, sive Triumphalis ejusdem ad Liferos descensio.' The opening lines are — Nox erat, et nigras agitabat Luna quadrigas Per tenebris atrum furvo temone theatrum, Cum ruit e cselis volitantibus semula telis, Pennigeris plantis, jussu festina Tonantis Ultio caelestis, scelerum quse conscia testis Est infensa malis, Enrique citatior alis Constitit ante torum, putridumque lupanar amorum, In quo procerus distento ventre Lutherus Spirabat longos socia cum pellice ronchos, Namque stupescentem tumularat crapula mentem, etc., etc. Then follows, at page 32 of the tract, another satire against Luther, bearing this title, 'Miracula Lutheri exorcizantis. Preludium Comcediae, et Prsemonitio ad Lectores' — CLare tot gestIs CeLebrIsqVe VERk, aD tVas LaVDes proper© LVthere, et tVas LaVros CVpIo serena, psaLLere Vena. HAS VbI LaVros tItVLosqVe psaLLo, atqVe phoeb^o Vehor In CabaLLo, PEGAsI CrIstas phaLerIs profVs^ CIngIte MVs^. ergo LeCtores, rogo Vos, faVete, ne pVtrIs fLatVs noCeat, CaVete, qVanDo LVtherI CaLIg^ pVtrentes, sVnt reDoLentes. Ite Vos MVs^e per onVsta rVra, ferte sVffItVs et eoa thVra, atqVe ne pVtres noCeant oDores, spargIte fLores. The ' Comoedia ' continues on in Leonine hexameters — com- mencing, ' Arma virumque cano, qui quondam marte profano ' — to the extent of 158 Hnes, and is followed, at page 37, by an unsparing satire 1699 = 1699 1699 1698 = 1698 1698 1698 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. on Luther's wife, entitled, * Extractus vitae et miraculorum Catharinae de Born,' in similar metre, commencing — ' Martia sinceri, cecini qui gesta Lutheri, Nunc nova metra dabo, quoque Catharina sonabo,' extending to 312 lines. Then follows, at page 47, a bitter satire in Leonine hexameters against a 'certain' preacher, who had anonymously attacked Rempen while still belonging to the Roman Church, in paltry, 'clownish' verse, and who is here derisively called ' Baurnbengel.' This effusion extends to 167 lines, not chronogrammatic ; it bears this title, ' In quendam praedicantem, (ob insignem in poesi ruditatem hie Baurnbengel cognominatum) qui auctorem scabioso et miserabili carmine injurie aggressus, ad certamen poeticum provocarat, atque ad suas nuptias derisorie invitarat, carmen pronubium.' Rempen follows up, at page 53, with some wretchedly bad chronograms, made, as he says, by his opponent ; but they are very like Rempen's own work in derision of his opponent. They are as follows — Specimen artis Poeticae, qua supradictus prasdicans auctoris ignomi- niam intendebat sed propriam hoc ipso stupiditatem et in^citiam patefecit per sequens infelix chronologicum carmen, proDIt e CVpa pater atqVe stVpa; neMpe MVsCerDas oLet atqVe MerDas sCrIptor InsanVs neqVe ChrLstIanVs hILDesIanVs. Summa summarum 5552 sCraptIas bLanDas CVpIt haVD aManDas seD faVet Met^e MoDo Margareth^e e pVeLLarVM grege seD gretarVM Crede bonarVM. Summa summarum 10987 arte non fInXIt sVa Verba : tInXIt neC tIbVLL^Is nVMeros LyCeIs sCrIpsIt Vt stVLtVs stoLIDIsqVe fVLtVs. EST nIhIL VLtVs. Summa summarum 2293 sCrIbat hIC trVnCVs Manet Iste rVnCVs, sCrIpta sVnt patrIs MoDo sChnaVbekathrIs eCCe tantILLVM nIhIL et papILLVM CVro sVILLVM. Summa summarum 6816 hanC LeVeM pLVMaM CVLICeMqVe sVMaM ORE DIffLabo reLIqVVM Intonabo qVas CanaM LaVDes patrIs VLLVS aVDes DICere fraVDes? Summa summarum 11471 VnCet hIC VrsVs Can at Iste rVrsVs CantVs est pLangor, sIne Mente CLangor psaLMVs aIaCIs stoLIDIqVe thrasIs neMpe bIbaCIs. Summa summarum 4550 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. MVgIat taVrVs LeVIs ILLk CaVrVs PERSONET BrVM BRVA'P PATER IpSE sVM sVM^ SiEPE pVLsatVs, fVrIIs CItatVs InDe boatVs. Summa summarum = MVLVs Is sVDat BENk sCrIpta CVDat sic Iapthongo rVDat atqVe Longo, AST aseLLIno taMen et ferIno neMpe boVIno. Summa summarum = tanDeM ego patreM, stygIaMqVe MatreM MItto seD pIgro MoDo sCrIpta MIgro VIto sIC patreM stygIaMqVe MatreM aC sCnVVVf.katrp:M. Summa summarum = These chronograms (if they may be so called) were probably in- tended to ridicule the " certain " preacher by imitating his method. At first sight they might be taken as a puzzle; they have, however, no meaning as regards the numbers evolved by them ; no such date as 1698 or 1699 can be extracted from them on the supposition that they are the multiples of an actual date; nor is the total of the " sums," 67632, the multiple of any such date. They are merely stanzas with all the letters which are really numerals treated as if to be used as such. If that were the means and end of the chronogrammatic art, any clown might use any set of words in like manner. Real multiple chronograms are not uncommon among the old writers. Then immediately follows, at page 55, another effusion by Rempen, in rhyming Sapphic metre, and bitter obloquy aimed at the same preacher for his edification in the matter of chronogrammatic poetry ; it commences thus — " In prsedictum prsedicantem, pro meliori ejusdem instructione in Carmine chronologico-Rhytmico." EST tIbI DVpLeX ferICIDe2 peLLIs, brVtVs es totVs,^ sVperIs rebeLLIs, est tIbI CERTk faCIes CanIna, FRONS asInIna : hInC ego Cogor sCVtICa sonare, aVt tVas aVres baCVLo frICare; MorIs est brVtos asInos proterVIs, strIngere nerVIs. totVs appares ferICIDe* brVtVs, neC tIbI sensVs satIs est aCVtVs, Nos VbI tentas, sCeLerate, fICto pVngere DICto : 5983 5042 14938 1698 = 1698 = 1698 ^ Conventional words of obscure meaning. * The other version has es CVtIs DVRi«. ^ The other version has fVrIose. * The other version has siNE CORDE. THE WORKS OF JOANNES REMPEN. 103 bILIs ebVLLIt tIbI beLLVIna, estqVe sVb VenIs rabIes CanIna, Nos VbI VeLLIs, sCabIose, fgeDe, CornIger hceDe : totVs es fraterI stVpIDI ChorcebI, NON sapIs DoCto, nIsI FORxk pLebI : te probat nVLLVs, nIsI sInt hIVLCI forte sVbVLCI : CoLLIgIs nVgas nIhIL erVDItas, fabVLas fICtas, totIesqVe trItas, QVaS CaNANT BERT^, VEXVLiEQVE NENTES, Dente Carentes. ergo CVr frVstra tVa teLa strIngIs ? MIra CVr stVLta tIbI fronte fIngIs ? si tVo CoLLo Caperata Lobba tVrget Vt obba. proba CVr VLtro tIbI tV faCessIs? NOS tVo stVLto CaLaMo LaCessIs? nosqVe prorItas rabIe LVpIna, fronte boVIna? sponte te CrebrI MaCVLa notastI, LoRA pro tergo proprIo parastI, ore sCVrILLI qVIa sTC CoaXas nos VbI taXas. ERGO tV sternaX asInVs, MoLares In tVo Cogas stabVLo sChoLares ; reX CapVt, PRi«SES potes esse beLLos Inter aseLLos : ERGO feLICes asInI VoLate, et tVbIs L^tI resonIs boate, bVbaLI granDes, asInIqVe JVnCtI pLaVDIte CVnCtI. The foregoing verses appear, with some differences, in Rempen's ** Deliciae Parnassi," under this heading : " Ode satyrica in quendam anonymum qui, me adhuc in papatu degente, contra fidem papisticam calamum strinxerat anno 1698." The fourth and seventh stanzas are not repeated in these, and then follows Rempen's votive offering for the enlightenment of Lutherans, bearing this title : " Votum authoris. Pro illuminatione Lutheranorum," expressed in more becoming words than he previously used — ChrIste soL CorDIs sVper astra CLare, qVI soLes atras tenebras fVgare Igne sI sparso faCIbVsqVe pVrIs peCtVs aDVrIs. 1698 1698 1698 = 1698 1698 = 1698 -= 1698 1698 = 1698 ^ The other version has frateres VERi. I04 THE WORKS OF yOANNES REMPEN. ASTRA sl fVLgent rVbra pVrpVrIsso j LVna sI prostet trabeata bysso, ChrIste tV VInCIs speCIose beLLas, LVMIne steLLas. CLara LVX IesV tenebras repeLLe pLebIs Insane nebVLas reVeLLe, InqVe LVtherI tenebrIs IaCentes, erIge Mentes. qVas repLet tanto rabIes fVrore, Vt tVo pasCI renVant CrVore, ET Meros rores sItIant IaCChI, VInaqVe baCChI. pLebIs IstIVs fVror est InanIs nIL CapIt fIssI nIsI frVsta panIs, qVaLIter panIs CapIVnt MIseLLI frVsta CateLLI. ChrIste tV Ver/e raDIos saLVtIs affer has tVrpes nebVLas seCVtIs ; obseCro CasVs stoLIDe rVentIs aspICe gentIs. Then immediately follows, at page 58, " Ad Christum, B. Virginem Mariam, et alios sanctos." It appears also, ten years later, in the " Deliciae Parnassi " with this different title : " Affectus ad Sanctos ex superstitione papistica. Ad invidiam D. Lutheri ejusque conjugis Catharinae." tVrba C^LestIs, proCeresqVe fortes, regIs ^ternI faMVL^e Cohortes, prInCIpes aVL^, sVperI JVVantes, sCeptra VIbrantes : Vos sVIs hostes fVrIIs LaCessVnt, teLa rIngentes rabIe CapessVnt, et ferIs pVngVnt JaCVLTs MoLesta ora sCeLesta. ^qVe sI VInDeX Ita ChrIste VeLLes, aspero teLo qVateres rebeLLes; AST DeVs nAstI patIenter ILLa ferre CaVILLa; DoneC VLtVrVs sCeLVs In strepentes et perennantI pICe bVLLIentes Detrahes Ignes, erebIqVe LatVs hIsCet hIatVs. AST fVrant etsI rabIe proCaCes, ET CaVILLantI fVrIa DICaCes, Vos ego, DIVI, Veneror VeL org, pronVs honoro. ChrIste, qVI CceLIs sVperos beastI, InqVe spLenDentI soLIo LoCastI, TE sVpra sanCtos Venerans honoro, fLeXVs aDoro. = 1698 1698 = 1698 1698 1698 1 = 1698 1698 - 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 169S THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. 105 ChrIste, te regeM sVperI tVentVr, angeLI prona faCIe VerentVr, si JVbes pLeCtI, VoLat In rebeLLes, tVrba sateLLes. qVos tVI regnI faMVLos reCenses, qVI gerVnt strICtos reVerenter enses, Hos honorarI JVVat a CoLente ChrIste CLIente. tV parens VIrgo CLypeata steLLIs, sl Cor In spIssIs qVatItVr proCeLLIs, In nIgr^ MortIs tenebrIs fVtVra sIs CynosVra. /etherIs pr/eses, genItrIXqVe ChrIstI, sCeptra fers CceLI, soLIVM sVbsIstI, et fLagras CeLsos sVper InqVILInos ET SERAPhInOS. te CoLo sVppLeX faCIeqVe prona o HONOs CceLI DeCor et Corona ! CLarIor phcebo, reLIqVIsqVe CVnCtIs, ^THERE JVnCtIs. tV sVpra tVrbas sVperas nItesCIs, InqVe spLenDentI raDIo nIVesCIs, Vt soLet Longe sVperare beLLas CynthIa steLLas. sl serenata faCIe CorVsCas, fVLgVr aVror^e raDIosqVe fVsCas, pVra pr^ LVna, roseaqVe fLorA fronte DeCora. Martyres, C^LI proCeres, aVete, sVppLICI serVo parIter faVete, pVrpVra CLarI roseI rVborIs, rore CrVorIs : In ROSAS pVras abIere spIn^e, et tyrannorVM fVrI/e ferIn^, Dona ConteXt^ peperere LaVrI, ET JVbar aVrI. NOS SERENATO RECrEATE VVLtV LILIIs pLen^, nIVeoqVe CVLtV VIrgInes, agnI CoMItes Canentes PRATA TERENTES. teLa spreVIstIs, VenerIsqVe LVstra, aLba MonstratIs faCIe LIgVstra, VInCItIs LenI nIVe LILIeta fLore repLeta: statIs In CLIVo sVper^e sIonIs fronte sVCCInCt^ nIVeIs CoronIs, atqVe post agnVM CItharIs sonantes ItIs oVantes. = 1698 = 1698 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 I. = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 = 1698 - 1698 14 io6 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REMPEN. VosqVe fVLgentes patrI^ qVIrItes \ /EtherIs CIVes, genIIqVe MItes, [ ^ g « CiESARES, reges, LegIoqVe CLarIs I ^ CInCta tIarIs. j Vos ego CVnCtos rogo Vos honoro, \ Vos EGO pLeCtro CeLebro SONORO, ( z- g perqVe Vos LiExk ferar aD CVpIt/e [ ^ gaVDIa VIt/e. J AMEN. The next specimen of Rempen's facility of composing poetic chronograms immediately follows. It is an ode of united joy on the completion of a church at Rome, built by Cardinal Ludovisi, and known as the church of Saint Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the order of Jesuits. The building seems to have been without certain decora- tions for several years, until Tirso Gonzalez, the supreme General of the Order, completed what was wanting in the year 1699. Rempen celebrated the circumstance as follows : " Ode syncharistica cum omnium affectuum et animorum holocausto, in honorem Ignatiange fabricae, et ad M. reverendo patri Thyrso Gonzalez operis tam magni- fici authori et consummatori in perennis glorise et obsequii monumentum adornata, Anno quo pro LoIoLiE- STAT CONDItA FABRIC- CVLt- \ o A V. V= 1699 atqVe saCrata De- fVLVo VIbrat aVre - VVLt- J In ilia die (Dedicationis) rex et omnis Israel cum eo immolabant victimas, et fecit Salomon festivitatem celebrem et omnis Israel cum eo. Reg. viii. 62, 65.1 ARA LoIoL^, raDIansqVe beLLI aVreo VVLtV speCIes saCeLLI fVLgET, et pLaVsVs AgItANT SONORiE tIbrIDIs orje. fabrIC.e rVMor VoLItat per aLpes, trans sInVs pontI, JVga CeLsa CaLpes, L^tVs eXVLtat fragor In serenI LIttore rhenI. sCena sI saCrI JVbarIs patesCIt, phcebVs, et phcebI ChorVs obstVpesCIt, HiERET eLIngVIs, renVente Vena brVta CaMcena et LICet peCtVs CoqVat hIppoCrene, iES'i'VAT frVstra, neqVeoqVe PLENk asseqVI forMas, VarIaqVe fossos arte CoLossos. ^ See English Bible version, i Kings viii. 62-65. = 1699 1699 = 1699 1699 THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. ILLa qVIs posset CeLebrare UIoNk teCta, qVje grato fLVItant In Igne, jerIs aC aVrI rVtILo VenVstas ponDere CrVstas. aVreo LVXV nItIDos honores, DIVItIs pIL^ CroCeos Lepores, LVCe sapphIrI speCIosa terga, fLaVa parerga? fLVCtVans LVCIs Mare fVLgVrantIs IgnIs Inspersa speCIe JoCantIs, qV.eqVe tesseLLIs generosa tota sVnt asarota? pVgna NAxVRiE patet hIC et artIs, LaVrVs est anCeps VtrIVsqVe partIs, ET fLagrant pVLChra faCe grata MItIs pr^LIa LItIs. ossA LoIoL^/ CInerIsqVe pIgnVs CLaVDIt ornatVs, raDIIs benIgnVs, fVLgor est Ingens : nItor Iste taLIs InCoLa qVaLIs. IsTA, NON aVrI pretIIqVe parCa, qV^. saCrVM pIgnVs saCra gestat arCa, steLLat, et tanto fLagrat InqVILIno fVLgVre bIno. ILLe, qVI MaJor fVIt orbe toto, bVLLIens zeLo sVper astra noto, parVa ContraXIt reCVbans In Ista Corpora CIsta. aVreas qVanDo pretIoqVe CLaras reX paLestInVs^ fabrICarat aras ET VenVstarat tabVLata seCto CeDrIna teCto, tVrba ConfInIs, fabrICa peraCta, aVrea teMpLI noVItate traCta IVIt eXVLtans, LItVI sonabant, ^RA CrEPABANT. ConVoLaVerVnt VarI^ phaLanges, qVA proCeLLoso spVIt ore Ganges, atqVe qVA. fVsCat faCIe nIgrantes soL garaMantes. proDIgVs stragIs, ChaLybIsqVe strICtVs hostIas ostro rVbefeCIt ICtVs, aC oDoratIs pIa thVra LIgnIs abstVLIt IgnIs. L 107 1699 1699 = 1699 1_ = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 = 1699 ' The bones of Ignatius Loyola are preserved in the church. ^ King Solomon offered a sacrifice at the dedication of the Temple. io8 THE WORKS OF J^OANNES REMPEN. THYRSEjl STAT fVLgENS FABRIC^ CoROnIs, VoCIbVs L^tIs, anIMIsqVe pronIs TE CanVnt, qVotqVot gerIs obseqVentes ORBE CLIeNTES. thVre fragrantI tIbI gratIora, braCteIs aVrI LoCVpLetIora Cor et affeCtVs, anIMIqVe faVsta sVnt hoLoCaVsta. qV6 peDIs gressVs neqVIt IntroIre, NOSTRA Mens gestIt properans sVbIre, H^C tIbI pr^sens oVat In LatInI Vrbe qVIrInI. fert aMor pennas, qVIbVs ILLe VaLLes transit et CoLLes, sVperatqVe CaLLes, ASPERAS aLpES, JVgA TORTVoSA, saXa fragosa. ILLe Cor offert, sVa teLa LIbrat, Igne sCIntILLat, faCIbVsqVe VIbrat, pVra ne DesIt reDoLens VenVsto hostIa bVsto. LaVreas regVM, JVbar et troph^ea, fornICes, CIppos, fabrICas, pyL^a Si^VA vis straVIt, rapVItqVe prIsCos sors obeLIsCos. CarpIt oCCVLte fabrICas VenVstas, Dente sI roDIt taCIto VetVstas, fornICes trIVIt JoVIs, et profanI atrIa Jani. thyrse/ sat tVto basIn InChoastI, f:t thoLos fVLCro soLIDo LoCastI, STAT Deo soLo, sVperIsqVe nIXa fabrICa fIXa. ConCVtI nVLLa poterIt rVIna, teMporIs nVLLA poterIt rapIna, fVLgor et beLLVs Labor InterIre, LaVsqVe perIre. qV^ nItens taLI fLagrat arte CVLta, braChIIs C^LI basIbVsVe fVLta ara DVrabIt, VaLIDoqVe stante stabIt atLante. NON sItV tantVs DeCor obsoLesCet, non sVo fVLgVr senIo nIgresCet, fVrVa non tangent JVbar hoC terente seCVLa Dente. VsqVeqV6 phcebI VoLItant CabaLLI Ista pr^estantIs speCIes MetaLLI VIbrat aVrata faCIe serena, fVLgVre pLena. 1699 = 1699 = 1699 1699 1699 = 1699 = 1699 1699 = 1699 1699 = 1699 1699 Thyrso, or Tirso Gonzalez, before mentioned. THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. 109 r= 1699 Ira LeonIs 1699 si tVos LIngV^ tItVLos sILerent THYRSE,^ NON IPSi LapIDeS TACeRENT, L^TA, qYje CLara speCIe VIDentVr, .ERA LoqVeNTVr. THYRSE,^ NE FAtVM VaLeAT NOCeRE, sCVLpItVr saCro tVa LaVs In jere, et perennantI speCIosa LaVro fVLget et aVro. proqVe transaCto pretIo LaborIs TE DeVs faVstIs reCreabIt horIs, 1 _ f- ES PoLVs, paCIs, DeCorIsqVe VIVas ' "~ '^^ neCtet oLIVas. VI Ve: sors astro tIbI non sIt atra, iETHERlS SEr6 sVbEAS THEATRA, I ^ hIC thronVs stabIt tIbI fVLgVrante ' ^ ^^ eX aDaMante. This ode consists of thirty stanzas. A similar ode, minus several omissions, appears in the collected work *' Delicise Parnassi," and an extra stanza is there added ; the stanzas omitted may be numbered 3 to 8, 23 to 26, 28 and 29. Stanza 19 is much altered. Less than ten years after writing the violent invectives against Luther and the ode flattering to the Jesuits, Rempen changed his mind, and wrote a panegyric on the death of Luther in 515 Leonine hexa- meters, and, as he declares in its title, written with a more truthful pen as a full recantation of the foregoing satires ; he indulges, however, in invective against popes, monks, and the Papacy. It appears thus at the end of the " Deliciae Parnassi ": " Panegyricon in beatam mortem Doctoris Martini Lutheri gloriosae memorise et felicem illius transitum ex hac mortalitate, cum plena prioris satyrse palinodia veriori calamo adornatum, Anno 1710." Then follow, at page 374, the 515 hexa- meters, and this " Epiphonema in beatam mortem D. Lutheri " — ASTRA LVtherVs VoLVCer sVbIVIt, aC throng fVLtVs rVtILante VIVIt, tartaro, papa, phLegetonte fraCto, ' ^'^° Marte peraCto : papa ContVsVs peDe gLorIoso, tartarI fretVs grege beLLICoso, ConCIDIt, pVLsV sVperante qVassVs, ( "~ ^^^° VVLnera passVs. paCe CceLestI frVItVr LVtherVs, ^ MartIVs LaVro tegItVr gaLerVs : I _ ., IrrIto nIsV Crepat heLLVonIs i ' ' Thyrso, or Tirso Gonzalez, before mentioned, 2 Pope Leo X., the persecutor of Luther. no THE WORKS OF JOANNES REM PEN. pLaVsVs heroI resonabIt IstI, sCeptra qVI VICIt trVCIs antIChrIstI tVrbIneM pap^ rabIentIs VLt^e VI CatapVLt^e. REGNA qVI VICTOR SATAN^ sVbEGIt, ET stygIs VIres aCIesqVe fregIt, L^tVs In CceLo regIt InqVILInIs CVM CherVbInIs Inter eXCeLsos habItat penates, et thronVM fVLCIt rVtILans aChates, fronte se sternVnt faCIeqVe CVrVa tartara fVrVa. Iste qVI ChrIsto popVLos reDVXIt, atqVe DoCtrIna CeLeber reLVXIt enthejE fLagrans faCIbVs sophI^e Instar eLIvE, Cerbero strato, sVper ASTRA VeCtVs, gaVDIo pasCIt JoVIaLe peCtVs, Cor Deo tVrget : natat ore faVstVs neCtarIs haVstVs. qVI fIDe ChrIstI popVLos beaVIt, et VeLVt CLaNGENS tVbA PRyEDICAViT, QViE soLet tVrbas resono CIere fVsILIs iERE, hVnC sVa pasCIt poLVs harMonII, ET sono sVaVIs CIthar^ thaLIa, CorqVe steLLato satVrat profVsVs iETHERE LVsVs. JaM gVLa frVstra rabIente Latrat, et sCeLVs LIngVa ferIente patrat tVrba papatVs, aCVItqVe VI Lis spICVLa bILIs: paCe LVtherVs pLaCIta qVIesCens HiERET In portV, nIhIL eXpaVesCens : In poLI spernIt statIone tVta fVLMIna brVta. VIVe paCata reqVIe potItVs, pasCItVr ChrIsto tVVs appetItVs, nesCIt In terrIs tVa ContICere faMa LVthere. qVI DVCe LVth- ChrIstI saCra Ca- seqV- ERO STRA VntVr. Hi DVCtV V- VeCtI sVper a- fer- And so ends the volume. J 1710 1710 1710 1710 = 171Q = 1710 = 1710 = 1710 1710 1710 1710 The change in Rempen's religious beliefs is again marked by an ode in Sapphic metre consisting of twelve stanzas in chronograms of the year 1709. It does not appear in the " Delicise Parnassi," but it is LATIN RHYMING VERSE. m in the periodical before mentioned, " Nova Literaria Germanise " for 1709, as a declaration of his views concerning the Pope and the Papacy. I have given a transcript of it in Chronograms, pages 330, 331. It is preceded by the chronogram at page 2 1 ante^ which I have translated : In the year when the river Styx vainly hurls an empty tlmnderbolt, and the Papacy barks and perpetrates folly. It has been said that the classic poets of Rome did not use rhyming verse. That is true only to a limited extent, if we keep in view and compare the quantity of Latin rhyme of various sorts that has been produced since, and long after the classic period, especially the verses by Rempen as set forth in the foregoing pages. So little was it used by the old Latin poets, that, adopting the paradoxical saying, it is con- spicuous chiefly by its absence, and where it has been detected it seems to have come by chance rather than by deliberate choice, as a casual ornament rather than an intentional adornment, tolerated rather than generally approved of and desired. Some of the early Christian writers began freely to use Latin rhyme, monks and other writers followed in the succeeding centuries. There are numerous authorities on this subject. The following notes from such of them as were at hand while preparing these pages may serve as a guide to further investigation. "An essay on the origin, progress and decline of rhyming Latin verse, with many specimens. By Sir Alexander Croke, D.C.L., and F.R.S." Oxford, 1828. "Tractatus Incerti Autoris de metre. Ex Cod. MS., in Biblioth. Coll. Corp. Christi Camb. No. 386." Copied in "Itineraria Symonis Simeonis et Willelmi De Worcestre. Quibus accedit Tractatus de metro. By Jacobus Nasmith." Cambridge, 1778. Smith's " Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," under "■ Fescennina." Imitations of monkish verse, in the works of John Hall Stevenson, 1793-1795- " Drunken Barnaby's Four Journeys to the North of England." "Barnabees Journal, etc. By Corymbseus." London, 17 16. " Poesis Artificiosa." By Paschasius. Wurzburg, 1668. Mentioned at another part of this volume. Quarterly Review for July, 1828, vol. xxxviii., and July, 1882, vol. cliv., contain articles connected with the subject. XI. CURIOUS BOOKS. )- L 1686 1686 1686 1690 CURIOUS volume, Svo. size, pp. 262, vividly depicts the political state of Cologne in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and the sedition which extended over a period of five years, ending in rebellion against the constituted rulers of that state and city in 1686. The story is told in Latin verse. The title-page is chronogrammatic, as follows — " qVInqVennaLIs seDItIo atqVe rebeLLIs VbIorVM statVs, etc. ABSQVe oMnI PASSIONE PROVt VERfe eXtItIt POExICi: DeLIneatVs. VrbI VbI^ agrIppIn^ et orbI VnIVerso aD CaVteLaM repr^sentatVs. aVthore FRAN. XaVerIo trIps saCeLLano aVLICo CoLonIensI bIbLIotheCarIo atqVe pastore septIMontano In honneff. J Etc., etc. (Printed at Leipzig) Anno 1704." The leading circumstances in the rebellion and its suppression, as told in the poetry, are in sections marked off by chronograms, which announce the events, and give their date ; these are of considerable assistance in the perusal of the work. The author explains that the title " Quinquennahs Seditio" applies to the year 1686, although the series of events began earlier. It is narrated that great damage was done to the city, and that eventually two of the leaders were beheaded, and many other turbulent citizens were punished by flogging, pro- scription, banishment, etc. There are in all 158 chronograms of the years 1685 the sedition, 1686 the rebellion, and 1687 the punishments. The poetry of the first half of the volume relates to the rebellion, and that of the latter half, entitled " elegies," describes the punishments. The following chronograms are characteristic, and convey a good moral for all communities inclined to redress by violence their THE COLOGNE REBELLION. 113 grievances. The author (Franciscus Xaverius Trips) concludes his introduction with wholesome advice, ' Ad Lectorem,' thus — VaLe atqVe sI Vis VIVere seDItIoso ne te MIsCeas. t=r 1681 IVstVs et aCer seDItIonIs VInDeX est gLaDIVs. = 1686 qVoD bInI rebeLLIVM antesIgnanI sVnt LVgentes eXpertI = 1686 qVorVM CapIta InfIXa paLIs Dant pcenas sVI fVrorIs. = 1686 o VbIaCe qVIsqVIs es ab eXeMpLo Isto fIas prVDentIor = 1686 At page 183, Nicolas Gulich, the leader of the sedition, is beheaded under judgment of the holy assembly — nICoLaVs gVLICh sVMpta saCra synaXI CapItIs pcena^ ,„, pLeCtItVr. j^ ^^^^ At page 185, Abraham Sax, a Scotchman and a leader, meets a similar fate — ABRAHAM saX brItannVs ense qVoqVe seD satIs InfeLICII ^or ferItVr. /= ^^^^ It is related that the first cut of the executioner's sword penetrated only half through his neck — ■ ' Dimidium colli tantum penetraverat ensis, Csetera pars humeris fixa gemebat humi. Horrida res visu, spectaculUm lugubre, dignum Fletibus, exanimis sed sine morte reus.' At page 232, the proscribed citizens are thus indicated — VIgIntI DVorVM soLennIs atqVe perpetVa ab Vrbe pros-1 ^oa CrIptIo. /= ^^^^ At page 242, the citizens are warned to take example — epILogUs aUthorIs breVIsqUe aDMonItIo UrbI V'bIm ab^I ^qq Ipso faCta. /= '^^^ At page 247, the author looks forward to peaceful times — CoLonIa agrIppIna In perpetUa qUIete perennet, et\_ ,gg nUnqUaM a seDItIosIs tUrbetUr. j" ^°^" qUoD IntIMe et fer Venter optat \_ ^„r. fran-XaVerIUs trIps CoLonIensIs agrIppInas. / ~ ^ In prospect of a monument to be erected on the site of a destroyed house, as a perpetual witness against the aforesaid Nicolas Gulich, the author composed an inscription, which is thus recorded — CoLVMna nICoLaI gVLICh rebeLLIs, et eIVs epIgraphe\_ ,„^ sIVe genVIna InsCrIptIo. /~ *^^° Hie stetit ilia domus, cujus fuit incola Gulich, Ille rebellantum ductor, origo, caput. Perfidus, impostor, legum corruptor, honoris Mancipium, intrusus Syndicus, ore canis. And so on, concluding thus : Quisquis ad infamem legis hsec malefecta columnam, Minge recessurus, si lacrymare nequis. No wonder that the authorities declined to adopt the inscription. T5 114 ALCHEMY. At page 256 there is a short narrative of a civic rebeUion at Cologne in 1 48 1, in consequence of the issue of a debased metal currency, and the enforced payment by the citizens of a pension to Charles, Duke of Burgundy; also of another rebellion in 15 13. A copy of this curious work is in the British Museum library. -*!♦*. ALCIfJSMy. A WORK on alchemy, with a verbose title-page beginning thus, * Lucerna Salis Philosophorum,' etc., small 8vo., printed at Amsterdam, 1658. The author conceals his name by anagrams. Neither his name nor his alchemy need trouble us. He alludes to three noted alchemists — Paracelsus, Sendivogius, and a certain Elias. Their prophetic utterances are embodied in these chronograms of the date of his book at the conclusion of the title-page — eLIas artIVM artes DoCebIt. = 1658 MonarChIa boreaLIs aDVenIt. = 1658 LILIVM eDet fLores a septentrIone. = 1658 At page 16, the dedication concludes thus — o prVDentes VIrI VbI VIVItIs 1 ^^ OBNiXfe PETO Vt ConVerseMVr. / At page 34, a chapter begins thus — Instante nobIs frIgIDa MonarChIa septentrIonaLI. = 1657 At page 154, the author draws his subject to a conclusion, quoting Revelation xiv. 7, and praising God on finishing his work in the year thus indicated — Labores peraCtI Dant reqVIeM. = 1657 A book on alchemy by William Cooper, ' A philosophicall epitaph in Hierographicall figures,' etc., etc., dedicated to Robert Boyle, contains six indifferent chronograms, of dates 1606 to 1673. So seldom do chronograms occur in English-printed books, that it is well to record this one. CONTRO VERS Y.—D UTCH DE CEPTIONS. AN English controversial tract, 4to., pp. 44, in my possession, ' The downfall of the pretended divine authoritie of the hierarchy into the Sea of Rome,' etc., by ' v.N.v.,' is thus dated at the foot of the title-page : reX ChrIstVs, Vt VerVs, regnVM pap.^ DestrVet, = 1641 i.e. Christ as the true King shall overthrow the dominion of the Pope. A controversial tract in German, in my possession, written against the Reformation promoted by Luther, printed in 17 17, pp. 64, 'Cum permissu superiorum,' is thus dated at the foot of the title-page — CONTROVERSY.— DUTCH DECEPTIONS. 115 eCCLesIa CathoLICa, sVpra petraM posIta, InVICta ) ConstItIt : LVtheranIsMVs, Vero DeLabesCIt. / ~ "5434 i.e. The Catholic Church founded on a rock stands invincible ; but Lutheranism assuredly sinks down. The chronogram makes twice 1 7 1 7 the date of the tract. ■***■ A work in the Flemish language has recently come to me from an antiquarian bookseller at Amsterdam ; it is evidently of a moral character, exposing, in a series of prose and poetry narratives, the evil ways of worldly people, and the tricks and deceptions practised by them. It is in two parts, with title-pages beginning thus : First (printed in black and red), * De Listige onstantvastigheyt des Weirelts, voerende voor iaer-schrift Wat WonDer Deel, Is't aertsCh thooneeL, \_ Waer Dat geWIs, noYt stant en Is. ]~ ^^^^ Waer sWereLts praCht en DIgnIteYt \ _ Vergaet In WInDt en eYDeLheYt. ]~ '^T^^ door schoone historien ende geschiedenissen,' etc. Door Michael F. Vermeren (here is an emblematic device). Printed at Brussels (accord- ing to the chronograms) 1745. Second, Den theater des Bedroghs ofte de listige onstantvastigheyt des Werelts, voerende voor iaer-schrift Wat Wonder DeeL, Is't aersCh thooneeL, \_ Waer Dat geWIs, geen stant en Is. /~ ^^^'^ (here is a small emblematical engraving), etc. Door M. F. Vermeren. Printed at Brussels (according to the chronogram) 1743. The whole work is large folio size, pp. 126, illustrated with eighteen full-page engravings and twenty-four smaller ones printed in the letter-press. It contains also sixty-eight chronograms of the dates of the title-pages, all in the Flemish language. It is enough to put this curious work on record here. »$♦ A FLORILEGIUM ETEOSTICHUM. ROUGHLY printed pamphlet, pp. 32, size six by four inches, bears this title — ' Florilegium Eteostichorum, in annum post partum Christi salutiferum MDCLIX, DIVIna assIstente CLeMentIa = 1659 elaborando continuatum et continuando divulgatum a Casparo hofMano, raVItII poL. Degente notarIo, etc. (Printed at Oels in Silesia) anno MIserICorDI^ saLVatorIs.' = 1659 }= J659 ii6 . POEM ATA yEGIDII DE VRESE. The dedication is to three clerical friends, concluding with these words, ' chronologicas hasce chartas submissb dat, dicat, dedicat — Caspar hofMan, p. L. p. t. 1 ^^ raVItII Degens et habItans. / ^^ What follows in the next twenty-nine pages consists of six 'centuries' of chronograms, i.e., six groups of one hundred each, in single lines, the last page being in German. They are all in prose ; a religious and moral sentiment, not intended to commemorate any event or person, runs through them, all making the date 1659. The work, when regarded in this manner, may impart some good thoughts, though in form it may be discouraging even to a willing reader of moral instruction. There are altogether 604 chronograms. The work is probably rare ; the only copy I know of is in Rev. W. Begley's library. $**— FOEMATA ^Ginil DE VRESE. AVERY rare octavo volume, pp. 373, in my possession, has an engraved title-page, with twelve heraldic shields in an emble- matic frame, a representation of the author dressed as a Canon Regular of the Holy Cross kneeling on one side in front, and this title in a small compartment beneath : ' Mg\^ ^gidio-Vresana, sive Poemata R. p. ^Egidii de Vrese Can. Reg. S. ►J*.' (Printed at Cologne, 1665.) The poems commence with one entitled ' Via Regia Sanctae Crucis,' and they continue on as addresses to distinguished persons and others on auspicious occasions. A variety of subjects become the poet's theme, such as war and peace in Westphalia, public events, the fortifica- tion of the town of Venloo, marriages, births, and deaths ; anagrams, logogryphs, acrostics, echo and retrograde verses are abundant. The last, but not the least, of the author's ingenious compositions are the chronograms, of which there are at least 170 scattered throughout the pages. The following examples are well adapted to their purpose : the conclusion of peace between Spain and Holland by the Treaty of Westphalia on October 26, 1648, is marked by this couplet — Vt beLLa eX beLLIs, sIC paX eX paCe reDIbIt, 1 ^^ g hIspanI aC bataVI fceDera paCIs habent. / On the marriage of Philip William Count Palatine and Princess Anna Catharine Constantia of Poland, on June 9, 1642 — IVnIVs Vt NONA VaDebat LVCe, poLona IVnCta paLatIno, ConstantIa DVCta phILIppo. phILIppVs WILheLMVs prInCeps neobVrgVs ET ANNA CatharIna ConstantIa poLona ConIVges. qVos DeVs (tanto neXV) ConIVnXIt, HOMo NON SEPARET. Votum Patriae. L^TA Det oMnIpotens : pro VotIs VIVIte sponsI : STAT PATRliE eX VeSTRA PROSPERItATE SaLVs. JESUITS' COLLEGE EXERCISES. ny The walls of the town of Venloo were built by Reinold, Duke of Gelders — reInoLt eXCeLLens eXstrVXIt McenIa VenLo. = 1343 The 300th anniversary of the same — VrbIs ConstrVCt^ VenLo trIa s^eCLa reCenset \ _ . MGlDll soLennIs VbI LVX grata reDIbat. / ~ ^ '^^ VI Vat VenLona Vrbs faMosa, DVXqVe geLrIensIs. = 1643 DIV VaLeat MagIstratVs VenLonensIs. = 1622 sIt tIbI prosperItas; Mens sana In Corpore sang "4 _ ^ restans Det VotIs tVrba beata tVIs. /"" ^ ^^ The last two chronograms were intended as compliments to certain magistrates at Venloo in 1622. Nearly all the chronograms in this book of 'poems' are so mixed with those compositions that they lose much of their meaning when extracted; thus any further examples would be uninteresting. Nevertheless, every page is a curious example of ingenuity and learning. I do not find a copy of the work in the British Museum Library. •$**- /ESC/ITS' COLLEGE EXERCISES. * 1 j^ LORES poetico-rhetorici, tum sacri, turn scholastici. — Authore \^ P. Ferdinando Hueber, Societatis Jesu sacerdote. Published at Ingolstadt and Augsburg. Printed at Munich, 1747 ; 4to., pp. 320.' It is a collection of college exercises of varied character, some of which contain chronograms more or less interwoven with the subjects treated of. It looks as if in two of the sections — the ' Inscriptiones sacrse ' at pp. 224-235, and the * Elogia sacra' at pp. 236-247 — chronograms had been a sine qua non as part of the curriculum of students in certain of the Jesuits' colleges and schools. They are, however, uninteresting ; a single example will suffice. At p. 224 a supposed picture is men- tioned of the ravages of the plague at Ratisbon being allayed by singing the ' Laudes eucharisticge eucharistico Deo,' the commence- ment of the epidemic and its cessation being dated thus — qVoD CcepIt Labente Mense JVLIo, = 17 13 aC ConseqVente Mense JanVarIo DesIIt. = 1714 And the following was associated with another supposed picture — sInt nVMInI LaVDes, aC gLorIa ! = 1714 Quae tot in nos spicula victrix jecit, Ipsa DenIqVe Mors VICta JaCet. = 1714 Mors victa jacet ? summi cui reges subjacent ? Quis ergo vicit ? vincere qui solus potuit. sCIs? VIt^, aC MortIs arbIter DeVs. = 17 14 Hie Ratisbona mortem cedere jubet ; oCIVs Mors IVssa CeDIt, abIt. = 17 14 Merito igitur Nos, a morte quos servasti, Te Deuni laudamus : Mors, cui iraperasti, suum Te Dominum confitetur. 1x8 GERMAN BOOKS OF TRAVEL.— MEDICAL. There are altogether about 45 chronograms in like manner inter- woven with the hnes of other compositions in Latin verse, which, although ingenious, are but of little importance apart from the context. ■***■ GERMAN BOOKS OF TRA VEL.— MEDICAL. A GERMAN work of travel in Italy by Von Haupt, published at Darmstadt in 1808, is in the French language thus dedicated to the Grand Duke Ludewig of Hesse (Louis) and his wife Louisa — A L'aVgVste soVVeraIn \ saCr^ par ses sVjets. LoVIs, Votre regne A Vos sVjets assVre Le bonheVr, IL nV a qVe La beLLe LoVIse, qVI VoVs en raVIt Le CoeVr ET partageant, VoVs en offre La MoItIi^. In a German book of travel by R. Walsh, published at Dresden, 1828, the road between the towns of Deva and Braniska, in the Siebenbergen of Transylvania is described, leading through a rocky, mountainous country contiguous to the river Muros. At a certain spot at the roadside the following chronogram was carved on a marble slab attached to the rock — CoMItI LaDIsLao bethLen VIro regI patrI^qVe ser-\_ VItIIs Intento VI^ operIsqVe IstIVS aVthorI. / "" i.e. To Coufit Ladislas Belhlen, a man intent on the services to his king and country, the originator of this road and work. ■ $-i* V" 1808 1800 A very rare medical work, 8vo. in size, said to be the earliest on its particular subject in the English language, bears this title : ' Speculum Matricis, or the Expert Midwives Handmaid Catechistically composed. By James Wolveridge, M.D. With a copious alphabetical index. Written IVXta MagnaLIa DeI sCrIptor. Anno Domini, 1669. Chronogramma, 1669. London: printed by E. Okes . . . 1 67 1.' Only two or three copies are known. One is in the Bodleian Library, and one in that of the College of Surgeons, London. English books dated by a chronogram are of rare occurrence. An inaugural academical dissertation on a juridical subject, by John Bernhard MuUer, printed at Frankfurt-on-the-Main, and dated October 14, 1741, concludes with some complimentary verses to the author, and this chronogram date — sCrIpsI HiEC franCofVrtI anno qVo \ CaroLVs aLbertVs eLeCtor |-= 1741 BAVARliE saLVtabItVr IMperator. I HANS SACHS.— RAPTUS ECSTATICUS. 119 IfAJVS SACHS.— RAPTUS ECSTATICUS A CURIOUS little book is noticed by C. Baring Gould in his 'Strange Survivals' at p. 220, where he observes that the contents are said to have been collected by Hans Sachs, the Nurem- berg cobbler and master-singer, in 15 17. It consists mostly of riddles. The title-page, turned into English, runs thus : ' Useful table-talk, or something for all ; that is, the happy thoughts, good and bad, expelling melancholy and cheering spirits, of Hilarius Wish-Wash, master tiler at Kielenhausen.' Among the riddles is one which gives the date of the book by a chronogram in answer to the question, ' When was this book of table-talk drawn up ?' Answer : In IetzIg taVsenD fIInff hVnDert sIbenzehenDen Iahr = 151 7 ■*4^«*- A curious little book on the subject of noses illtreated by tobacco and snuff: *Raptus ecstaticus in Montem Parnassum, in eoque visus Satyrorum lusus cum nasis tabacoprophoris. Sive satyricon novum Physico-Medico-Morale in modernum tabaci sternutatorii abusum.' By J. H. Cohausen. Printed at Amsterdam, 1726; pp. 128. A copy is in the British Museum. An engraved frontispiece is inscribed : NAsICIDIVM In parnasso absqVe gVtta CrVorIs. = 1725 It is related in vol ii. of ' Der Niirnbergischen Muntz-Belustigung,' by G. A. Will, that the Franciscan monastery at Nuremberg was burnt more than once, and on one occasion (in 167 1) the fire was caused by some carelessness in the use of tobacco. The event is marked by this couplet : an fVIt In fatIs, ^eDes antIqVa, tabaCI )_ g Vt te fcetentIs sterneret herba MaLa ? ) i.e. Was it a fatality, O ancient house, that the evil herb of stinking tobacco should overthrow thee ? .***' AN EARLY CHRONOGRAM. A BOOK printed at Franeker, in Holland, concerning Friesland, bears this title, ' M. Hamconii Frisia, seu de viris rebusque Frisire illustribus, libri duo. Franekerje, 1620. 4to.' The author, Martin Hamconius, was a German biographer and poet, his date being 1550-1620 approximately. At page 44 is mentioned Martena, a man of whom little is known but his name. He was killed in battle on September 26, 1345, on the day of Saints Cosmas and Damian ; the battle lasted until night. He was decently buried 'in coenobio Floridi- Campi prope Bolsvardiam.' Subsequently his bones were removed thence to Holland. The chronicle then proceeds, 'Annus autem et dies pugnae, antiquo hoc numerali carmine designantur, NoX CosM^E hoLLandos LVXIt qVos frIsIa fLIXIt.' = 1345 120 ANTWERP.— RECENT CHRONOGRAMS. Here the letter D is not counted, according to Flemish custom. As the narrative, written prior to 1620, declares this to be an ancient chronogram, it may be assumed that it was composed soon after the date of the battle, and, therefore, a very early example. It may be translated, T/ie night of Cosmas was light for the Hollanders whom Friesland struck doivn. Bolsverda above mentioned is Bolsward in Friesland. ANTWERP.— RECENT CHRONOGRAMS. IT is pleasant to find in the latter half of this nineteenth century such a modern display of chronograms as appeared at a public festival held at Antwerp, and described in a pamphlet of sixty-three pages, bearing this title : ' Notice historique et descriptive de la memorable fete celebr^e ^ Anvers le 4 Mars 1855, a I'occasion de la proclamation du dogme de I'lmmacul^e Conception de la tres-sainte Vierge ; par Ch. J. Van Den Neste pretre.' Printed at Antwerp, 1855. The frontispiece shows a banner inscribed — hICCe DIes gLorIosvE MarI^ saCer erIt. = 1855 The cathedral and public buildings were variously decorated, and numerous chronogram inscriptions in Latin and Flemish were dis- played. Processions, illuminations, and other tokens of rejoicing added importance to the occasion, and gave (as the author intimates) great satisfaction to every citizen of Antwerp, There are ninety chronograms ; I select the following : eCCe MarIa CorDIs nostrI L^tItIa. = 1855 qVaMDIU antVerpI^ stabIt InCLYta pIetas CULtUs'I tUUs In Urbe VIgebIt, /" ^^55 Mater ChrIstI, sIne Labe ConCepta, pIe nobIs aDesto ! = 1855 VIrgo genItrIX JesU, LabIs orIgInaLIs nesCIa, eXtoL-1 q LItUr.— gaUDeaMUs ! ]^ '^55 The next was put over a transparent picture of the Virgin on the front of the asylum for aged people ; it gives the date when the Pope Pius IX, promulgated a Bull declaring the doctrine of ' The Immacu- late Conception ' : MarIa sIne Labe ConCepta sis DeCor senI, = 1854 sis LUX, tUteLa, qUIes, paX, Vera sIs ILLI MeDICIna,) „ egregIa VIrgo. /" ^^54 The next indicates the same circumstance : pIUs nonUs pontIfeX, statUIt ; DIV.E VIrgInIs MarI/E\ _ ConCeptIo fUIt sIne Labe orIgInaLI. ]~ '54 This pamphlet is out of print, and has become very scarce. I have tried, without success, to obtain for myself a copy from the Antwerp booksellers. Chronograms used on such occasions are apt to disappear along with the accompanying decorations ; the author of the pamphlet has done well to preserve them. — = ^$$ RECENT CHRONOGRAMS. 12 1 ZOl/FAIJV. THE public display of chronograms in the latter half of the nine- teenth century is of rare occurrence. The religious festivals on the European Continent, the rejoicings on royal coronations, the lamentations on royal funerals, and jubilee anniversaries, are among the events publicly emphasized by chronogram inscriptions. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Flanders, and the Netherlands, have been conspicuous in this respect in the past centuries ; in these latter days of the nineteenth century but few have appeared, and those few have come from the two last named, or, to use the modern geographical expression, Belgium and West Flanders. Elsewhere in the present volume the public festival at Antwerp in 1854 is noticed as a modern example. Another and still later example is preserved in a scarce pamphlet now out of print, describing the three days' fete at Louvain in 187 1, in honour of Pope Pius IX. having reached the twenty-fifth year of his ' glorious pontificate,' and with reference to his having proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The title-page begins, ' Souvenir de Jubil^ de sa Saintete Pie IX. Relation des fetes qui ont eu a Louvain le 16, 17, 18 Juin, 1871.' 8vo., pp. 102. The streets of the town were illuminated and decorated ; the public buildings also, and many private houses, displayed pictorial ornament and appropriate inscriptions. Many of the latter were composed as chronograms in eight different languages — in the following proportion, reckoning them from the pamphlet : Flemish 30, French 26, Latin 68, English I, Italian i, Bohemian i, German 3, Greek i ; total, 131. The following selection will pretty well show the characters of the whole ; the French translations are taken from the pamphlet. At the Church of St. Peter, beneath a window — eCCe JUbILareM spLenDentIbUs beatI petrI LUstrIs. = 187 1 Void que les lustres de Pierre rayonnent sur le jubilaire. On the rood-loft — Le preMIer DepUIs pIerre, pIe neUf C^L^bre Le JUbILi^I j, papaL. ]" ' At the college ' du Saint-Esprit ' — soLUs obtInet DIes sanCtI petrI Inter oMnes sUCCessores) q Ejus. 1= 187 1 Entre tous les successeurs de Pierre^ seul il en voit les ann'ees. patrI sanCtIssIMo ChrIstI VICarIo hoDIe JUbILantI. = 187 1 Au trh-Saint-Phre, an vicaire du Christ, jubilaire en ce jour. InfaLLIbILI DoMInI JesU ChrIstI VICarIo. = 187 1 oMnIa CaDUnt; sUperstat pIUs InfaLLIbILIs reCtor. = 187 1 Tout tombe ; seul Pie, Vinfaillible pontife reste. The two first words of this chronogram form the celebrated chrono- gram which the learned Juste Lipse improvised on his death-bed when he was told that the tower of St. Peter's Church had fallen. See Chronograms, page 56. 16 122 LOU VAIN. —RECENT CHRONOGRAMS. At the principal door of the church, beneath a statue of 'the Immaculate Conception ' — VIrgo sIne Labe ConCepta DIU serVabIt pontIfICeM. == 1871 La vierge concue sans tache conservera longtemps le pontife. At page 60 there is a Greek chronogram inscription, which is placed in a ' Greek ' group later on (see Index). An Italian chronogram is of extremely rare occurrence. This one was at the Trinity College — VIVa pIo! tU roMa gLI DaI Catene Corone IL beLgIo. = 1871 Vive Pie IX. ! Toi Rome, tu lui donnes des chaines et toi Belgique tu lui don?ies des couronnes. English chronograms are comparatively rare, especially so in a foreign land. This one was at the same college : WIth oUr soULs We haIL sWeet pIUs trUe kIng anD\_ „ Christ's UnDaUnteD VICar. j^ ^ ''f The following were exhibited, among many others, on various buildings — pIVs nonUs et eCCLesIa L^ete JUbILent In DoMIno ! = 187 1 Que Pie fieuf et feglise soient transportes de joie dans le Seigneur. DIgno pontIfICI aCCLaMat orbIs UnIVersVs. = 187 1 InsIgnIa qVInqUe LUstra pontIfICeM ConDeCorant. = 187 1 Chantons Le VIngt-CInqUI^Me annIVersaIre De Ce ^ _ „ pontIfe. ]~ ^ ' CongratULeMUr hoDIe pIo VICarIo ChrIstI, = 187 1 French translations of the chronograms in all the other languages are mercifully given in the pamphlet. The religious ceremonies were conducted in the Church of St. Peter at Louvain during the three days' festival. The Pope was elected in 1 846 ; the twenty-five years of his reign added thereto make the date of the festival, 1871. Several chronograms relate to the self-imposed captivity of the Pope in his own Vatican palace, as in the following examples : patrI aMantI, et regI CaptIVo et DeI VTCarIo InfaL-1 <, LiBlLI. j^ ^^71 Au tendre pere, an roi captif et a Pinfaillible vicaire de Dieu. aIMons, LoUons, gLorIfIons Le saInt CaptIf DU VatICan. = 1871 pIo pontIfICI Magno LUgentI eCCe eCCLesIa Vota sUa^ „ LiETE ConseCrat. / ^ "^^ Void que Peglise en joye adresse ses voeux a Pie IX. le grand pontife e?i tristesse. UtInaM pontIfICIs Catenae CIto DIssoLVantUr. = 1871 Que les chaines du pontife se brisent bientot ! XII. VARIOUS BOOKS. T is necessary to occasionally refer to the rule already laid down, viz., that every letter which is a Roman numeral must be counted. Such letters must not be passed over or rejected to suit the intended date. A process of selection of this kind could be carried on with any page of printed or written matter, and a date-sentence might be so constructed with the greatest facility, but it would be no chronogram after all. A misprint in a properly- constructed chronogram is easy of detection, and can be rectified with con- fidence if the rule has been observed ; but the process of correction may be less easy with chronograms printed throughout in small letters, as not infrequently happens, if the rule has been neglected. Take a chronogram so printed, and restore all the numeral letters into tall capitals and count them up ; the date should then come forth correctly. This will be made clear by what follows, extracted from among examples composed and printed more than 320 years ago, and contained in two tracts which have recently come under my notice in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley. No other copies are known to me. BAVARIAN HISTORY. TITLE-PAGE : ' Chronographia particularis, in gratiam illustrissimi principis Alberti, Boiariae ducis, congesta, authore MKD.' A second title is as follows : ' Arithmologia, seu Memorale chronographi- cum, per quaedam disticha,' etc., etc. By Martinus Clostromarius, otherwise Martin Klostermair, medical doctor at Munich. Printed at Munich, 1567 ; pp. 64, size 8x5^. The tract seems to have been printed under the patronage of the Duke Albert of Bavaria. After eleven pages containing a flattering address to the Duke, and com- plimentary verses to the author, we find an explanation of the use of the numeral letters ; then immediately following are sixteen pages of chronograms relating to Bavarian history and illustrious men, printed without in any way distinguishing the numeral letters, as if in studied 124 BAVARIAN HISTORY. violation of what had just been explained. The dates in ordinary figures are appended to each. The following may be taken as examples of all, as they appear in the print : The date of the founding of the city of Munich, Anno 1 175 — ' Vrbs fundata viret Monacensis, Laus tibi trino.' A certain church was built there, Anno 1468 — ' Virginis insignitse Ecclesia structa Monaci.' Charles of Spain was elected Emperor, Anno 15 19 — ' Carolus eligitur Csesarque propagine sancta, Hesperiae magnae, prospera sceptra gerens.' The marriage of the Duke Albert at Ratisbon, Anno 1546 — ' Connubia et Boius Dux Albrechtus celebravit, Cui Rattisponffi Regia sponsa data.' The death of the heretical Martin Luther, Anno 1546 — ' Occubuit Martinus ut hseresiarcha Lutherus Hseresiarcha furens, ipse prophana tulit.' The death of the author's parents; his father, Anno 1540; and his mother. Anno 1527 — ' Hie genitor Klostermair fatali jacet hora, Exuvias linquens, Spiritus astra colit,' * Anna Patris coniunx prsecessit tot morientes Annos, quot graphice lecta sapit.' 1 now render the same lines into chronograms, with every numeral distinguished by superior size — Vrbs fVnData VIret MonaCensIs, LaVs, tIbI trIno = VIrgTnIs iNslGNlXiE eCCLesIa strVCta MonaCI = CaroLVs eLIgItVr C^sarqVe propagIne sanCta ) _ hesperIvE Magnae, prospera sCeptra gerens. / "" ConnVbIa et BolVs DVX aLbreChtVs CeLebraVIt, \ _ CVI RATXlsPONyE REGIa SPONSA DaTA. j ~~ oCCVbVIt MartInVs Vt h^resIarCha LVtherVs, \ _ h^eresIarCha fVrens, Ipse prophana tVLIt. / ~ hIC gbnItor kLosterMaIr fataLI IaCet hora, \ _ eXVVIas LInqVens, spIrItVs astra CoLIt. / ~ ANNA patrIs ConIVnX, pr^CessIt tot MorIentes \ _ ANNOS, qVot graphICe LIttera LeCta sapIt. /~ The tract contains more than 200 numeral lines, or couplets, thus capable of being rendered into chronograms ; some, however, are not composed with due attention to the letter D = 5oo, the author having remarked at the outset that the letter may sometimes be so counted. Such, we have seen, is almost the rule with the early Flemish writers, though later on admitted to be wrong. letter 1175 1468 1519 1546 1546 1540 1527 BOHEMIAN HISTORY. THE other tract is composed in a manner similar to the foregoing one. It relates to Bohemian history, and bears this title : ' Disticha certis literarum notis annos a Christo nato exprimentia, BOHEMIAN HISTORY. 125 quibus omnium Regum Bohemorum inaugurationes, obitus, quorundam etiam natales, & dignitatum accessiones contigerunt, adjunctis iconibus eorundem ad vivum effigiatis,' etc., etc. ' Autore Davide Crinito Nepomuceno Reip : Rakownicense Notario.' Printed at Prague. No date, but probably about 1566, pp. 31, size 7| x 5. The work is dedicated to the Emperor MaximiUan II., who reigned from 1564 to 1576. The subject consists of hexameter and pentameter couplets appropriate to the Kings of Bohemia, from Wratislaus I., in 1086, to MaximiUan I., in 1564, when the country was united to Austria. A woodcut representation of each — we can hardly venture to say portrait — within a circular border precedes the couplets, which really are intended for chronograms, although, as in the tract last described, the numeral letters have no distinguishing mark to indicate that meaning. I select a few by way of illustration : Wladislaus II. is crowned, Anno 11 69 — * Regali excipitur princeps Wladslauus honore, Hunc tribuit Virtus, Csesar at ipse tulit.' He died, Anno 11 84 — * Frena ut septenis Wladslaus Regalia lustris Gesserat, hunc Clotho tetrica sponte necat.' Primislaus Ottagarus began to reign, Anno 1254 — * Nomen avi, Ottagarus, qui Rex sortitur, et hseres, Suscipit extincti Regia frena patris.' He died, fighting against the Emperor Rodolph, Anno 1278 — ' Pacta ubi connubii.infringit confecta Rodolpho Ottagarus, tractans acria bella ruit.' The same lines rendered into chronograms — regaLI eXCIpItVr prInCeps VVLaUsLaVVs honore, ) ^ hVnC trIbVIt VIrtVs, C^sar at Ipse tVLIt. j ^' ^ FRENA Vt septenIs VVLaDsLaVs regaLIa LVstrIs ) _ „ gesserat, hVnC CLotho tetrICa sponte neCat. / "~ ^^ ^ noMen aVI, ottagarVs, qVI reX sortItVr, et h^res, ) _ sVsCIpIt eXtInCtI regIa frena patrIs. /~ ^^54 paCta VbI ConnVbII InfrIngIt ConfeCta roDoLpho "I _ „ ottagarVs, traCtans aCrIa beLLa rVIt. /~ ^^' There are altogether seventy-five chronograms made on the same plan, and though occupying twenty-three pages, are somewhat un- interesting. Both tracts are very rare. A book-hunter may wait for years before another copy may turn up. Among other examples of the printing of chronograms without dis- tinguishing the date letters, is a book described in my published volume, Chronogravis Continued^ pp. 134-152; it bears this title: * Rerum Bohemicarum Ephemeris, sive Kalendarium historicum : ex reconditis veterum annalium monumentis erutum. Authore M. Pro- copio Lupacio. Pragse 1574.' Another is by Nicholas Reusner : ' Icones sive imagines virorum Uteris illustrium.' Printed at Augsburg, 1590. Both works are in the British Museum library. 126 BERNARD us PR^TORIUS. In the notice of Joseph a Pinu at a later page (refer to the index) a collection of his chronograms is mentioned as appearing in the * Delitise Poetarum Germanorum ' printed without any indication of the date letters. Another example is the book^' Certamen Catholicum cum Calvinistis,' described at page 129. BERNARDUS PRMTORIUS. SOME chronograms by Bernardus Praetorius Nessus afford another example of the omission of any distinguishing mark of the date- letters ; all are printed small in the manner above alluded to. They will be found in the volume in the British Museum library of ' Delitiae Poetarum Germanorum,' 161 2, containing Part V. of the series (catalogued under G., A. F. G., pressmark 238, i. 21, 22, 2 vols.). These chronograms relate to the death of Duke William, Landgrave of Hesse ; they are nine in number, of which the following is an example. It gives the place, year, month, and day of his death in hexameter verse — CasseLLIs obIIt PAXRlif; soL heI ! gVLIeLMVs ; seXtILI Vt bIs tres testabant LVCIferI Ignes. i.e. Alas'. William the sun of his country died at Cassel ; as the third day of August did bear witness, 1592. ____ ^l%WHAU||t»r>«%MV%^ JOSEPH, ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA. A RARE tract in the library of the Rev. \V. Begley, size 7|x6 inches, pp. 36, with a frontispiece and six emblematical engravings and ' explanations ' in Latin, designed to glorify the infantile Archduke Joseph of Austria, who became Emperor of Germany in 1705. It bears this title: ' Allusio votiva ad auspica- tissima nomina serenissimi archi-ducis Josephii Jacobi Joannis Ignatii Antonii Eustachii, Pragam regni Boemiae metropolin primeve visitantis qVo LIbVssa DIe pragenses eLeVat arCes : (23 Septembris, Anno 717.) HoC etIaM VoLVIt reX reVenIre DIe. (23 Septembris, Anno 1679.)' The chronograms show two anniversary dates — the latter one applicable to the occasion celebrated by the tract. It is dedicated to the Emperor Leopold I., the father of the Archduke, by the author Ludovicus Carolus Wit. The approbation and the license to print issues from the Clementine (Jesuits') College at Prague. Each emblem is a representation of some Scriptural or beatified character bearing one of the names of the Archduke. The chronogrammatic features are confined to the title-page, and to a subsequent title with an anagram on the names, thus dated : Nascitur ad Pacem Princeps : Componitur Orbis eIVs aD arbItrIVM : nosCItVr VngVe Leo. JOSEPH, ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA. 127 This gives the date 1679, and has allusion to the Lion in the armorial device of Bohemia. On the reverse of this title-page is an ' echo ' verse, and curious examples of ' retrograde ' composition as follows. One commences with the word ' Saltat,' and the other with the word ' Ades ' ; the words of each line are to be read the same forwards as backwards : Alludat et refracta Laudat Principi Pacis Echo : Echo per imperii portas portusque Naonis Laeta sonat, Mavors non tonat, Auster ovat. Et Saltat ad artem animo, non omina metra dat atlas : In germine enim Regni Te rege non egeret Sic apertb et re pacis Messem. Ades matur^, oro, erutam seda Te nam solem te seges et melos manet. The allusions here are difficult of explanation ; ' atlas ' means the Christian world, and ' solem ' seems to signify the influence of Sol (the sun), typical of the Emperor and the Archduke. The author con- cludes by humbly offering the * allusions ' to the most august Emperor, finishing with the hexameter verses — Quae olim plena <[ non est 3) heu Luna Boema Passa tot eclipses orto sole leonis : soLe seD aVgVsto proprIore nItebIt et Ipsas, | _ ,-. absterget tenebras proVt oLIM pLena fVtVra. /"" ^ 'Carmelus Triumphans, seu sacra Panegyres sanctorum Carme- litarum ordine alphabetico compositae, cum nova et extraordinaria methodo.' By Hermannus a S. Barbara. Lidge, 1688. It consists of a series of alliterative panegyrics on saints and renowned persons of the Carmelite Order, one for each letter of the alphabet, in which every word begins with the particular letter. All in Latin, and filling upwards of 370 pages. That of the letter Q, however, fills only half a page, with this marginal note : ' H?ec litera non habet verba sufficientia, ad orationem formandam.' It is dedicated to J. L. Eldern, Prince-Bishop of Li^ge, to whom nine chronograms of the year 1688 are addressed. The volume is a rare one; it has been already noticed in my book Ckronograms Continued, page 95. It contains only seven dedicatory chronograms of the year 1688. At page 230 is a panegyric on loannes a Cruce, the ' protoparens ' of the order of discalceate Carmelites, occupying thirty pages, wherein every word begins with the letter I, and of whom more is said in the book which next claims our notice. 128. yOANNES A CRUCE. JOANNES A CRUCE. A FESTIVAL held at Cologne on July 27, 1727, in honour of Joannes a Cruce, is described in a rare tract of forty pages, in my possession, having this title — theatrVM ORTHoDoXI CVLtVs ET GLORliE, In CoUe Quirinali conditum. In Monte Carmelo exaltatum, quando Magno DEiPAR^E Delicio, Divi ELiyE Filio, S. Theresiae a Jesu Primigenio, Sacri Ordinis Excalceatorum Protoplasto, DIVO JOANNI A CRUCE per ss, D.N. Benedictum XIII. Publica Apotheosis celebritate Sanctorum Fastis adscripto Colonise Agrippinae VI. Kalen. Augusti, Die, quae Divi Eliae Octava, et novae Octavae prima, Solennes Triumphi Oculis, animisque Urbis laetum acclamantis exhibebantur a Devotissimo Excalceatorum Asceterio. Printed at Cologne, no date except the chronogram, which makes 1727. His portrait is opposite the title, and this chronogram is on the back of it in bold print — CarMeLVs antIqVVs NOViE cLORliE V= 1727 theatro aDornatVs. The portrait is inscribed " s. ioannes k Cruce Prima Carmelita Discalceatus," with these chronograms above and beneath — Ioannes proposIto sIbI gaVDIo sVstInVIt CrVCeM. - 1727 Heb. xii. 2 A CrVCe Ioannes ferVens In IMagIne penDet; \_ eIVs prototvpon par et In orbe fVIt. j "' ^'^' The following is printed on the back of the title-page to explain the work, which does not take the form of dramatic dialogue — proloquium. theatrVM honorIs, ] Vt tota Vrbs speCtet, |-= 1727 DeVoto patet aspeCtVI. j eX CarMeLI VetVstate aDornatVr gLorIa; = 1727 1 1727 1727 }= 1727 1= 1727 }- 1727 h 1727 )= 1727 )= 1727 JOANNES A CRUCE. 129 naM 1 DeCor hoC apparet VenVstIor, J-= 1727 qVo VetVstIor. ] k CoLLe qVIrInI taMen proDIens noVo orIgo fIt aVgVstIor. qVoD VetVs aC profana ConfInXIt roMa, saCer theresIanVs aspernatVr zeLVs, eXpLoDIt aMor. nIhIL eI CVM VanIs neronIs fastVosI LVDIs. nIhIL CVM sVperbIentIbVs aDrIanI fabVLIs. beneDICtVs^ est, CVJVs sVrgens e fonte theatrVM, et sVrgens theatrVM est, DIVVS lOANNES A CrVCe. qVot VIrtVtes, tot sCenas speCta, totqVe aDornatos ab honore trIVMphos. The book contains 183 chronograms extensively displayed, giving the appearance of a greater number ; they were attached to the street decorations at Cologne, or were otherwise used, on the occasion of the festival. They are ingeniously composed, but would lose their signifi- cance apart from the pages of the book where ' Joannes ' has a con- spicuous place as the chief person to be praised through them. The actual display and the imagined theatrical performance come to a con- clusion at page 40, which terminates with these words — satIs est ! \ ^ , , CLaVDatVr theatrVM, perpetVetVr gLorIa. / ^'^' All the chronograms make the same date. '«^'%*'<'i»**il\»^ CERTAMEM CATHOLICORUM. ANOTHER tract, still more remarkable and more difficult to deal with than the preceding one, bears this title — Certamen Catholicorum Cum Calvinistis, Continue Charactere c. Conscriptum : Concordiseque Coelitus Concessse, Christiana Congratulatio, &c., which seems to mean, A contest of Catholics with Calvinists composed entirely of words commencing with the letter C, a Christian con- ^ Allusion to Pope Benedict XIII., then reigning. 17 130 CERT AM EN CATHOLICORUM. gratulation of concord vouchsafed from heaven. Anagrams, chrono- grams, acrostics, and some other things are added about various matters. By Martinus Hamconius of Friesland. Corrected and augmented. Printed at Louvain by Philippus Dormahus, 1612 (pp. 99, small 4to). The 'Certamen' consists of at least 1300 Latin hexa- meter and pentameter lines, all composed of words commencing with the letter. C, and so, likewise, is the dedicatory preface addressed to Philip de Croy, Count de Solre. This brings the reader, if there be one, down to page 49. Abundance of marginal notes serve in some degree to explain the history, disputes, and religious wars from about the year 1566, relating mostly to the Low Countries and Northern Germany. We, however, have to do with the chronograms ; these, almost the only alliterative ones, occur at page 45 (the letters D are not counted) — CandIda ChrIstIadVM ConCordIa CHiERE Corona ; = ConsVLtI CyrI CLeMentIa CandIda Ch^re ; = Ch^reqVe C^sarId^ CeLsI CLeMentIa CodrI ; = CoNsILII CoLVMen Cate ConfessarIe Ch/ere : = Ch^re CVI CessIt ConCordIa ConfIrMata ; = CandIda ChrIstIadVM ConCordIa CHiERE Corona. = All this, and several other passages where the word, or name ' Chsere ' is used, is somewhat puzzling ; a marginal note explains it, that peace is concluded. ' Chronographiae anni 1609 in quo induciae conclusse sunt.' From page 54 to the end, chronograms are profusely scattered, though at first sight but few of them are recognised ; they constantly occur printed without any indication of the date letters (obscurely printed, as I have remarked at page 123, an^e). For instance, there is a set of ten chronograms on the peace declared between the ' Catholic ' King of Spain and the ' most Christian ' King of France in the year 1598, printed thus (Apollo and the nine Muses, each in succession reciting a couplet, to which a marginal note is appended) — Apollo. paX CrVCIs^ ante VenIt festVM, seqVItVrqVe phILIppI ET genero aLberto soCero est saCrata phILIppo. Calliope. Psalle Pater patrise,^ princeps pie psalle Philippe, Publica Pax plausus phasque piumque parit. Clio. Auget amicitias Alberti^ Antistitis altrix Astrsea, atque actis Aquilonibus allicit Austros. Erato. Causa fuit quondam genitrix* pia pacis Elisa, Connubio nata est nunc Isabella suo. 1609 1609 1609 1609 1609 1609 h 1598 }= i59« )= ^598 - ~ 1598 1 2 Maii pax c«nclusa est. Albert Cardinalis S. Crucis. ^ Phillipus rex pater patriae. • Albert Austriacus justitiae alumnus. * Mater et filia sponsse pacificse. h 1598 y- 1598 h 1598 CERT A MEN CATHOLICORUM. 131 Thalia. TRES VtrInqVe patres trIno^ CeV nVMIne IVnCtI franCIs et beLgIs noVa CVdVnt fcedera paCIs. Melpomene. Verreychen. Richardot. Taxis. Ver datur, et patris Dives Dos, Taxus oliva est^ Catholicis vernant tempora Christicolis. Terpsichore Gallia plaude parens, et filia Belgica^ plaude, Oscula pax reddit mutua Justitias. Euterpe. Plaudite prgeclari proceres, populique penates Pontificum priscos Pax"* pudibunda petit. Polymnia. Pax curis subit, et concordi pectore Taurum^ "\ _ « Austriaci Phoebo, Borboniique litant. / ~ ^^ Urania. paX (VtI soL*' geMInIs) astr^^ InCLVdItVr VLnIs ) g aC L^tos beLgas, franCIgenasqVe VIdet. j~ ^^ And so it is with a great many other chronograms ; the author does not explain why he has so printed them, but at page 71 he remarks that the letter D is not counted, and at page 7 2, where the chronograms are properly printed, he needlessly places against them this marginal note ; ' Singula versus sunt chronologici ' ; and at other places similar notes are provided for the reader ! At page 83 the three Fates recite chronograms on the death of Rudolph II., Emperor of Germany, on January 20, 1612 — Clotho. trIstIor eCCe Labans IanI bIs dena reCedIt : ET PRAG^ O CiESAR MaGNE rVdoLpHE CadIs. Lachesis. TE Leo preCedIt, fortIs Leo, Morte, rVdoLphej teCta fera est Cceno, C^sar ad ASTRA VoLas. Atropos. teVto, hVnnVs, LatIVs, C^sar, reX, IndVperator, LaVta, Choros, CceLVM, sVsCIpIt, aVdIt, InIt. At page 75 a Genius, the King, the Queen, and the Fates recite chronograms on the death of Henry IV. of France, assassinated by Francis Ravaillac on May 14, 16 10 — Genius. sIsTE henrICe rotas, L^so STAT peCtore sICa \_ ^ fata raVaILaCo te perIMente neCant. /" Rex. dIr/E ATRiE EN nostrI perstant AH noMInIs hostes : LanCea, neC CVLter, neC fera sICa deest.'^ - l6l2 )- 1612 )- 1612 \= I6I0 1 Numerus legatorum. '■* Allusio ad nomina legatorum Belgii. Reychen dare seu porrigere sonat. 3 Belgica Gallise filia. * Pax religionis nutrix. '^ Sole in Tauro pax concluditur. • Sole in Geminis promulgatur. ' Tres Henrici ferro sublati sunt. 132 CERT AMEN CATHOLICORUM. Regina, L^TA ORNABAR HErI, FRANCo aCCLaMaNTE, CoRONA J 1 ^^^^ trIstI proh hodIe est rapta Corona VIro. j Clothe. LILIa MarCesCVnt, eXVsta est sangVIne radIX, |^ ^^^^ fLosqVe CrVentato saVCIVs aret agro. J Lachesis. aVsonIa, beLLaX, AQVILiE, fera pr^eLIa gaLLVs |^ ^^^^ dVM parat, absConso VVLtVrIs VngVe CadIt. / Atropos. haVd eqWs, haVd doMVs est, haVd tVtVs denIqVe^ CVrrVs: [= 1610 tres eCCe henrICI tot perIere LoCIs. j Ad Parcas. parCIte franCIaC/e gens o InIMICa Corona, "\ ^ ^^^^ tres ferro henrICos sIt ferIIsse satIs. / The pages down to the end of the book present a maze of verbal conceits— allegory, chronogram, anagram, acrostic, and labyrinth-square —all adapted to war, peace, epitaphs, epithalamium, strena, prognostic, calendar in verse, etc., until it would be pardonable for the reader to cry out, ' Enough ! enough !' and so close the book. There are in all 178 chronograms of dates, 1583 to 1612, of which 54 are not printed as such. A very rare alliterative tract, printed at Cracow, has this title : ' Tomus Tollendis tenebiis traditus Thomas theologus thaumaturgus, templo tremendse trinitatis, transcurrente triumpho tanti tulelaris, tenore tulliano tractatus.' The date 1724 is given thus : tVnCqVe toMVs trIstIs, toLLebat tVrbIUa terrIs. ] ZE COMTE DE LANNOY. A SMALL tract of sixteen pages in my possession bears this title : ' Emblemes presentees a son Excellence Le Comte de Lannoy administrateur de la ville et du Comte de Namur, au jour de I'inaugura- tion de sa Majeste imperiale et catholique en son Comte de Namur.' Printed at Namur ; no date.^ On the back of the title-page is — DaMVs CesarI qV^ sVnt C^sarIs. = 17 17 On the next page is the dedication by the people of Namur to the Emperor, Charles VL, as Sovereign of the Netherlands, in the following words : aUstrIaCo, hIspanICo, hUngarICo, \_ ItaLICo, beLgICo, MonarCh^. j ^''^^ ^ This tract and the next one are probably very rare from their small size, and being issued with no other protection than flimsy paper covers. I7I7 1717 I7I7 I7I7 1717 1717 I7I7 LE COMTE DE L ANNOY. 133 HERoI gLorIoso InfIDeLIUM VICtorI. = fIDeI ChrIstIan^ proteCtorI eXIMIo. = CaroLo seXto benIgno fLanDrorVM patrI. = sanCtItate eVrop^e DVCVM prototIpo. = Continued on the next page — CoMItI sUo arDenter eXpeCtato. = DICto JVraMento reCens aVgVrato. = hILares Dabant naMUrCI pLaVsVs. = Then follow twelve pages, each containing the description of an 'emblem,' probably something pictorial relating to the Emperor, to whom Lannoy had sworn allegiance, together with a motto and a few verses, all in French, and concluding with a chronogram in Latin or French at the foot of each page, as here follow. The first alludes to Lannoy's oath of allegiance — 1. perCUssI naMUrCI fceDUs. = 17 17 CaroLo seXto ^ternUM fIDeLIs. = 17 17 2. In ponDere et MensUra CaroLUs popULos regIt. = 17 17 CherIssez toUs L':^qUIte De L'eMpereUr. = 1717 3. C^SAR beLLanDo potentIaM aUXIt. = 1717 4. naMUranos reCreans, aUgUste perfIDos poterIs\_ thraCes. j ~ ^'^^ 5. fortUnato oMnIa CeDUnt aUstrIaCo. = 1717 6. oVantI aUstrLaCo bosphorUs Mare CeDet. = 17 17 7. oMnes aUstrIaCo regI CorDa VoVentes. = 17 17 8. soUs Tol, granD Casar, naMVr VIt Contente = 17 17 9. tU faIs, Cher LannoI, Le bonheUr De naMUr. = 17 17 10. LannoI Donnera La VIe poUr sa Chere naMUr. = 1717 11. poUr CharLes VoLontIers aUrIen MoUrra. = 1717 This emblem alludes to the armorial shield of Lannoy, the lion of Namur supported by three other lions— 12. Le seCoUrs Des LIons soUtIent NaMUr. = 17 17 This votive chronogram of the Jesuits ends the tract — soCIetas JesU pIIssIMo C^sarI pIe DeVota. = 17 17 MUSA PACIFIC A. A SMALL volume in my possession, size 6 x 3^ inches, emanated from students at the Benedictine college of St. Adrian at Grammont, in Flanders. It bears this title : ' MVsa paCIfICa annI ChronographICIs, VersIbVsqVe poLIte ConCInnata. rr. pp. Benedictinorum collegii S. Adriani, oppidi Gerardimontensis in Flandria studiosae Juventutis opera.' Brussels, 1678, pp. 48. — The work consists of short poems concerning peace, to which are annexed 173 chrono- grams of the date 1678. The exact peace is not mentioned; this was a time of war, and history records that peace was established between France and Holland by the treaty of Nymegen, in 1678. The chronograms are mostly interwoven with the poems which 134 MUSA PACIFIC A. h follow them, and consequently they will be of but little interest apart from them. The following extracts may be taken as fair examples of their character. Verses addressed to the reader are associated with — paX In eXaLtatIone De beLLo trIVMphans. = eX DIVIno aMore qV^ paCIs sVnt, Lege. = The hills of Grammont are supposed to 'skip like rams' at the prospect of peace — gerarDIMontes eXVLtabVnt sICVt arIetes. The poems are preceded by this title — MVsA paCIfICa annI ChronographICIs, VersIbVsqVe poLIxk ConCInnata. eXIt paX a DoMIno aLLeLVIa. paX aManDa, feLIX VICtorIa. Vel, paX pLVrIs habenDa qVAM VICtorIa. Id trIVMphe ! paX Vera CaVsa L^etanDI. Id trIVMphe ! eXVLtanDo VIsa paCe. Id trIVMphe! LaVro CoronanDa paX VenIt. MVLtotIes eXoptata paX faCta DeI gratIa. Fe/, paCe DIV eXoptata L.etI frVIMVr. paX eXorta aDtVLIt fIneM beLLI. paCIs aDVentV nostrIs terrIs Mars eXVLat. eXpVLso MetV aDest nobIs tranqVILLItas. paX In terrIs De CceLo MVnVs VenIt. paX VenIt speCIaLe MVnVs DeI. MIrabILIs eXIstIt DeVs In operIbVs paCIs. IVstItIa, et paX MoD6 osCVLat^ sVnt. VerVs saLVator IesVs aD paCeM propItIVs. eX IesV et MarIa paX ConsoLatIo Data. A VIrgIne DeIpara eX CceLo paX aMata. paX habIta sanCtorVM postVLatIone assIDVA. paX ganDaVVM^ regI CaroLo'-^ restItVIt. ganDa^ reDDItVr CaroLo,^ reX Iste VIVat. reX CaroLVs paCIs benefICIo CortraCVM^ reCVperat. LaVs Deo, reX hIspanVs^ reCIpIt athVM.^ paX fVtVra orbIs DeLICIVM. paX VerI pVLChrItVDo aMorIs. reX et LeX In paCe sVnt DoMInI. paX proDest MerCatorIbVs Ver^ VtILIs. est paX ; gLaDII ConVertantVr In VoMeres. On the last page this chronogram concludes the volume — LaVs DIVIn/e, aC InDIVIDV^ trInItatI. 1678 1678 = 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678 ^ The town of Ghent. 2 Charles III., King of Spain, the then Sovereign of the Netherlands. • The town of Courtray. * The town of Ath. RHETORUM COLLEGII S. ADRIANL 135 ST. ADRIAN MONASTER V A7' GRAMAIONT ANOTHER work issued from the same college as that which sent forth the foregoing one. It is described in Chronogrmns Con- tinued, page 106. The title-page and a condensed description are as follows : ' Rhetorum coUegii S. Adriani oppidi Gerardimontani in Flandria poesis anagrammatica sub Quintino Uuretio Insulensi, Monas- terii ejusdem S. Adriani Ordinis S. P. Benedicti presbytero religioso.' Antwerp, 1751. 8vo., pp. 389. The volume contains a great number of Latin poems — some devotional, others addressed to persons of note headed with their names, and all headed with a motto ; all these headings are transposed by anagram into other words of laudatory or complimentary meaning. Appropriate chronograms, to the number of thirty-eight, in hexameter and pentameter verse, are occasionally intro- duced, of dates 1636 to 1650; some are earlier. The authors are scholars of the college at Grammont, whose work is put together by Quintinus Duretius, and approved by the Abbot of the monastery of St. Adrian. A copy of the work is in my possession. XIII. RARE BOOKS. AM indebted to my friend the Rev. W. Begley for the follow- ing communication in March, 1887, respecting a very rare book in the Royal Library at Stuttgart, the only copy he had ever seen or heard of : 'I send the title-page and a few extracts from a curious chronographical work I came upon at Stuttgart while turning over a very large collection of pam- phlets.^I wish there had been time to copy more.' Sexta I mundi setas | ab | anno gratiae | sive | Incarnati verbi primo | usque I ad currens sseculum xvii | at | ejusdem anni xxv | tarn | Ecclesioe Catholicse | quam 1 ipsius Chronologi | in | Sacerdotio | jubilarem | per selectiores sacrse Scripturse, | Sanctorum patrum aliorumque | asceticas et ethicas sententias | piae et quotidiange | meditation! tesserae loco utiliter servientes, | serie chronographica breviter recensita | a | f. b. a. s. Sen. & Jub. I Cum permissu superiorum. | Herbipoli. Typis marci Antonii Eng- mann, Univ. Typ. | The book is a folio, containing sixty-two pages and one of errata ; it is wholly chronographic except the title-page, which, con- trary to the general custom in these books, does not contain a single chrono- gram. The number of chronograms is about 1800, several of the years having more than one chronogram allotted to them. The chronograms are generally longer than those copied ; sometimes two or three lines are quoted ; by far the greatest portion are from St. Bernard's sermons. The book begins thus (the years being given at the left side) — O. OSANNA gratIa ET benIgnItas yBTERNi PATrIs progenies IesVs pVer natVs est nobIs E VIrgIne apparVIt In terrIs orbIs reX, I. 3. 3- 4. 5. 6. 7- 8. SEXTA MUNDI ^TAS. 137 paX nostra respeXIt qV^sIVIt 13. VIsItaVIt, 14. ET erTpVIt nos a pharaonIs IVgo. 15. O TER FAVsTA NOX ET hora 16. a patrIbVs eXoptata : etc., etc. And so on up to the year 1625. With the exception of the first thirty or forty chronograms all are quotations from St. Bernard's sermons and early ascetical treatises ; the Old and New Testaments are often quoted ; also the ' Imitatio Christi,' Augustine's ' Meditations,' ' Hymni ecclesise,' St. Gregory, St. Ambrose ; proverbs and sayings. The following examples are from Sseculum XVII. — 1600. CreDo, spero, aMo. 1601. asCenDIt Mors per fenestras nostras. Jer. ix. 21. 1 60 1. seMper orare oportet ET non DefICere. Marc. xiii. 1602. estote MIserICorDes. Luc. vi. 1603. beatI MIserICorDes. 1603. CrastIna DIes non est nostra seD hoDIerna, JDrexel, ' De yEtern* 1604. ConfItebor tIbI DoMIne. Eccl. — Ps. ix. 2, Ixxxv. 52, etc. 1605. hoDIe MIhI Cras tIbI. 1606. NE traDas bestIIs anIMas ConfItentes tIbI, Fs. Ixx. 19, And so on. Several errata on the last page are headed by this hexa- meter and pentameter couplet — qVI LegIs : eMenDa qV^e sVnt VItIosa LIbeLLo, = 1725 aVt prono VVLtV, LeCtor aManDe, faVe. = 1725 Andrea de Solre in the ' Sancta Familia ' (see Chronograms, page 439) did something similar from the year i b.c. to 1690 a.d. But his chronograms are all biblical and many are divided. Another work, printed at Frankfort, 1594, is in one respect similar (see Chrofiograms, page 449), ' Chronographica Sacra,' by Jacobus Ziickwolf; it marks, with Latin chronogram couplets, biblical events from the Creation down to the year 4028 (Anno Mundi) ; copies are in the British Museum and Bodleian Libraries. I possess an edition printed at Spires, 1607. FREIBERG CHRONICLE. THE chronicle of Freiberg, in Saxony. A thick small quarto volume in my possession, in two parts, 1,336 pages, with an engraved frontispiece indicating the famous silver mines : ' Theatrum Freibergense Chronicum.' etc., by Andrew MoUer, 1653. The narra- 18 138 FREIBERG CHRONICLE. tive is in German, a history and record of events of considerable interest, mingled with chronograms, mostly in hexameter and penta- meter couplets, such as the new cathedral organ built, repaired, and renovated ; various public buildings erected ; many persons of distinc- tion noticed ; conflagrations, droughts, inundations, alarming comets, false coiners branded, poisonings, scarcities, pestilence, immoral clergy, religious matters and disturbances, to the number of sixty-eight chronograms, most of which are from the pen of Valentine Apelles, rector of the university, where he died in 1582, aged 67 years. The following is a selection of events recorded with chronogram dates : The birth of the Elector Augustus of Saxony at Freiberg — aVgVstVs prInCeps freIberga nasCItVr arCe, \_ nasCenteM patriae ChrIste benIgne rege. j ~ The citadel of Freiberg is rebuilt by the Prince Elector Augustus — DeJICItVr VetVLa arX freIberga Vt pVLChrIor eXtet;\_ aVgVstI ensIferI prInCIpIs ILLVD opVs. J ~ A new organ was put up in the Schloss-kirche on July 21 — apta noVo teMpLo et pr^stans sonat aVspICe ChrIsto \_ ter send IVLI ConCIo eLeVterIo.^ j~ The organ was finished — Organa quae fixit Pelmanus, quseque refixit Scheiberus, tandem perficit Antonius ChrIste faVe CceptIs, tVa LaVs JaM qV^erItYr Vna \ _ hIC soLI psaLLVnt organa ChrIste tIbI. j ~ The organ at St. Nicholas' Church was put up — ContrIbVere patres patrIte CIVesqVe benIgnI, ^ _ Vt saCrI hmC fIeret forMa probata LoCI. j ~ The same organ was improved with reed-pipes and colour — IVbILa Vt hIC reVoCat soLeMnI eCCLesIa pLaVsV, Hsec primum cannis organa chroma sonat. A priest, Sififridus, is punished for ' black art and immorality ' — CLerICVs Vrbe proCaX pVnCtVsqVe LIbIDIne Vt assTRo'k freIberg^e satan^ Verbere ConCVtItVr. / A landslip exposed the contents of a burial-ground — pLena CaDaVerIbVs qVassIs fVnesta foDIna VVLgo In freIbergo s^Va VoCatVr agro. A conflagration at Freiberg, on March 17 — Ignea Vis prIMo patrIos CrepItante faVILLA \ freIberga InCensa sparsIt In Vrbe Lares. / A second conflagration at Freiberg, on May 4 — freIberga assVrgVnt InCenDIa In Vrbe seCVnDo, | et toLLVnt patrIos Igne fVrente Lares. j A third conflagration at Freiberg, on July 24 — LVCe qVater seXta qVIntILIs eLeVterIg^ faX CreVIt et eXVstIs Vna pLatea Manet. = 1527 = 1577 = 1576 - 1644 = 1578 -= 1630 = 1261 )= }- 1350 1375 1386 1471 ^ The state or province of Freiberg, in Silesia. '^ The ancient name of Freiberg. FREIBERG CHRONICLE. 139 A fourth conflagration at Freiberg, on November 9 — qVarto InCensa IaCens freIberga CaLesCIt In Igne Vrbs, et noX Ita ter terna noVeMbrIs abIt. A conflagration at Dresden destroyed half the city — Igne CIto rVIt eXVst^ pars aLtera DresD^, Igne rVVnt sanCt^e phana petIta CrVCIs. Scarcity of water at the water-mills — eXICCata LeVIs CVr fLVMIna CerVe reqVIrIs ? Damage done by lightning at midnight on December 29 — fVLgVra perstrIngVnt oCVLos, noX tVrbIne tVrres DeJICIt, et Vasto phana CaDVnt CInere. People are deluded by the ecstasies and prophecies of a foolish rustic girl — rVstICa freIberga eXorItVr ben^ stVLta pVeLLa VatICInans, VVLgo hanC nVMen habere pVtant. Organ music performed at St. Peter's Church, Freiberg — MVsICa freIbergje ConCInna per organa ab aLta tVrrI petrIna faCta son or a CanIt. Scarcity of corn, food, and bread — ANNONiE eXCresCVnt, paVper VIX ossIbVs h^ret, sic preCIVM pr^.CoX aVget aVarItIa. VIX fVIt aVtVMno PRiESENTE feraCIor VLLVs, ARBORE Nos frVCtV frVCtIfICante J Wans. Two coiners of false money are branded — IVre DVo tostI faLsator VterqVe Monetae. A horrible comet seen on November 12 and 29 — horrIbILIs strIngIt raDIos faX VIsa noVeMbrI. A time of siege, war, and trouble having come to an end, Freiberg is felicitated — STANT CIVes, freIberga VIret nVnC nVMIne teCta ^ _ , CoeLestI, fortes fVLCIt JoVa VIros. ]~ ^ ^3 V- 1484 1= 149 1 = 1540 )lish 1556 }= 1560 — 1571 = 1571 = 1572 = 1578 'OTiA parerga: A CURIOUS quarto volume in my possession, consisting of about 700 pages, with a long title-page, 'Otia parerga jucunda severiorum laborum condimenta,' etc. The author's name is Wilhel- mus Neuhusius, and his book was printed, as he states, ' Impensis auctoris, HammonseWestphalorum,' 1725 {i.e., Hamm, in Westphalia). It is full of poetry, nearly all in Latin — ^composed and collected for his own recreation when he was a professor at the university there — touching on a great variety of subjects fanciful, amusing, compli- mentary, and otherwise. Acrostics, anagrams, and chronograms are I40 'OTiA parerga: scattered throughout the volume ; of the latter there are at least 1 80, nearly all in Latin. At page 50 is the following chonogrammatic poem addressed to 'a venerated parent' on January i, 1697, who is not mentioned by name : qVI noVVs annVs aDest, renoVans noVa gaVDIa terrIs, assoCIet fatIs sIDera L^ta tVIs : HoC VIgeas anno, LongIsqVe seqVentIbVs annIsj serIVs aD sVperos VIr reVerenDe reDI ! VIr pIe, VIVe, VIge, renoVato s^pIVs anno, DoneC aret fronteM rVga senILIs ; aVe. Pise precationes ad eundem annum. IVpIter astrItenens, renoVatI ConDItor annI, VsqVe saI.Vtares fVnDat ab aXe DIes. LVX eXorta reCens faVeat feLICIter orbI, VIVIfICet LenI peCtora Moesta faCe. aVrea paX, Integra saLVs, pIa gratIa ChrIstI, eXornent nostros, nVMIne Dante, sInVs ! At page 60 there is a nuptial poem addressed to a friend, preceded by this chronogram-logogryph — a spI pr^ Con MI eX strIs rans sIt CorDIa ra! =1715 Ca gy ne DIs DI = 1 715 These disjointed words are to be read thus : Ex astris spirans prsesit concordia mira ! Ex castris gyrans ne sit discordia dira ! 1= 1697 u ) 1697 }= 1697 V 1697 1_ 1697 }= 1697 The following verses at page 64 are addressed to the author's uncle, Hermann Titz, a judge, on January i, 1697 — soL reDIt Igne noVo, nosterqVe renasCItVr annVs ; VotIVos IgItVr spargIMVs ore sonos. VIVe, VIgeqVe DIV, VestIgIa nestorIs IMpLe, ATQVe SAtVr TERR.E TeCtA BEATA PETE. CaraqVe Costa tVIs LongVM reqVIesCat In VLnIs, Vt sCrIbas roseIs osCVLa pVra genIs sVaVIter optatIs tVa tItzIa LVDat In annIs, MoX tIbI tItzIoLos tItzIoLasqVe ferat! et CVM CLangIt aVIs, VIoL^qVe LegVntVr In hortIs, tVnC te fILIoLo, fLore LoqVente beet. HoC faXIt LVCIna parens ! fceCVnDa VoCetVr, ^ Vt bene te Larga proLe seCVndet ; aVe ! / 1697 1697 1697 1697 1697 1697 At page 170 is a long address to the King of Prussia on his accession, in which his name gives the date — frIDerICo VVILheLMo. =^ 1713 At page 225 an ode on the marriage of Diederic de Reck to Agnes Henrietta de Ledebur concludes with these lines — 'OTiA parerga: 141 •}= 1724 1724 1724 VIVat DIeDerICVs De reCk, satrapa regIVs ! = 1724 VIVat DILeCta eJVs, agnes henrIetta De LeDebVr ! = 1724 In 1724 a new canal between Miinster and ZwoUe was commenced by Clement Augustus, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, with a silver mattock and his own hand. The occasion was enlivened by the noise of trumpets, drums, and guns. Some verses and the following chrono- grams, at page 220, were composed for the event — noVa fossa, argenteo CLeMentIs aVgVstI bIpaLIo 1 _ N Vper aDaperta : / " VtILItatI pVbLIC^ tanDeM profVtVra: = ET serVItVra VeCtItanDIs MerCIbVs. = Charles VI., Emperor of Germany, King of the Romans, and King of Hungary, is addressed at page 216 in some acrostic verses, coupled with these chronograms, marking the date of his election as Emperor and the then current year — Date roMano C^sarI, qV.e sVnt C^sarIs ! = 171 2 DIV IMperet et fLoreat CaroLVs ! = 1712 VngarI^ regI CaroLo Debete saLVteM ! =1712 lo, fLoreat CaroLVs seXtVs, DeI gratIa IMperator! = 1724 Cardinal Vincentius Maria Orsini, on May 29, 1724, at the age of seventy-five, was elected as Pope. Page 260 contains some verses in honour of him, preceded by a chronogram of the date, his new name, and honour — BENEDICT VS XIII. ReCeNS PAPA ROManVS. = 1714 Two sovereigns of England are recorded by these chronograms at page 279. Queen Anne died on August 12 — anna Magn^ brItannI^ regIna, APOPLEXIiT-, teLo CaDebat AB angLIs sVIs aD angeLos beatIssIMe eVeCta. Her successor, George I., is applauded — georgIo "I eLeCtorI hanoVerano j- = DeLata sVnt Magn^ brItannI^e regna; J IVre sangVInIs aD CoronaM CItato ! Vota publica. DebIta sCeptra tIbI reX Magne Capesse georgI : regnorVM et fIDeI sIs anChora Certa ! VenIto ! Acclamatio. lo ! pr^sIt DeVs georgIo, C^esarI brItannICo, \ DefensorI fIDeI ! J hVsa ! hVsa ! VIVat aD nestorIs annos feLIX georgIVs,' NoVVs Magn^ brItannIvE, franCI^e et hIbernI^ reX. qVantVM DeLphInIs baL^na brItannICa pr/estat ! pr^etenDentIs aVteM IrrIta aC nVLLa est pretensIo. 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 142 'OTiA parerga: The two concluding lines probably allude to the ' Pretender,' who gave some trouble to the Hanoverian successor to the Stuart dynasty, and derisively contrast the French Dauphin (the Delphin or Dolphin) with the whale, as typical of the maritime power of Britain. At page 298 there are some verses addressed to the free-baron De Wylich, with this motto — fLoreat VIr generosIssIMVs De VVyLICh ! = 1724 At page 456 the verses about Peter the Great of Russia thus mark the year of his death — petrVs, rVssI^ IMperator, oCtaVo febrVarII DeCessIt! = 1725 At page 573 the verses about the destruction by fire of the town of Plettenberg are thus dated — Vrbs pLettenberga DeVsta CaDebat XII. DIe aprILIs! = 1725 At page 576 is the following gratulation and poem from the author to Rev. Dr. Christopher Gerhard Forstmann on his marriage with Anne Gertrude Margaret Nicolai, of Luneburg. The poem is in hexameter and pentameter verse; the pentameter Unes only are chronogram- matic — neVhVsII DoCtorIs et professorIs CarMen : qVo OB aMICItI^ Leges gratVLarI Debebat: reVerenDo, DoCto, aC DIsertI orIs VIro : ChrIstophoro gerharDo forstManno, osTONN^ aVgVstan^ ConfessIonIs pastorI : NAM annVente saCro ConIVgII pr^sIDe ; hIC aVspICatVs MensIs DIes (6 Feb.) POST eXpeDIta proCLaMatIonIs soLennIa: ET DeCeNTES InaVgVrATIonIs CiEREMONlAS IpsI nVnC sponso stabILes InDVLget aMores sponS/E ANN^ gertrVDIs MARGARETiE nICoLaI, LVnensIs : CastItate forMaqVe DeCor^ VIrgInIs. MVsA gratVLatorIa aD sponsos, lo ! feLICIter. Integra IVratos ConCorDIa IVngat aMores ! Quam tibi Luna dedit sociam, Forstmanne, jugalem H^C nIteat soLIs LVMIne fota DIV. Lunse crescentis, non decrescentis imago, DICatVr thaLaMI gratIa soLa tVI. Oscula nunc liciti comitentur gaudia lecti : atqVe aVIDe patrIos aMpLIfICate Lares. Nubila nulla dies placidos disturbet amores, paX eaDeM stabILIs peCtora bIna LIget. Corripiat nunquam penuria dura penates : ConDIta sIt Vestro CopIa Magna sInV. Vestra nee inficiant violenti limina morbi, assIDVo LiETis sIt CoMes Ipsa saLVs. N 1714 1714 1714 } = 1714 ): 1714 "v 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 1714 }= 1714 ^ 1714 = 1714 - 1714 = 1714 = 1714 = 1714 = 1714 ULRICH HUTTEN. 143 Vivite Nestoreos annis felicibus annos : MensqVe sIt In Cana VertICIs jeDe potens. -= 17 14 Angelicis donee pia mens evecta quadrigis DIVIno ferIat sIDera CVnCta peDe ! = 17 14 Hsec precor : haec animi sunt vota perennia nostri : ET MItIs IesVs aVDIat hasCe preCes ! = 17 14 In the memorial, at page 665, on the death of his mother, the author marks the date and place by this chronogram — h.eC obIIt, VICesIMa qVInta DIe IanVarII, = 1724 VVerDen^, prope rIpas CLarI fLVMInIs rhVr/e. = 1724 i.e. She died on January 25, 1724, at Werden, near the banks of the bright river Rhur. The more playful and amusing of the poems and epigrams are mostly devoid of chronograms. ULRICH HUTTEN. ULRICH VON HUTTEN was a very singular character, born at Steckelburg, in Franconia, 1488, died in 1523, 'a celebrated promoter of Protestantism,' ' a German theologian, orator and Latin poet.' He was made Poet Laureate by the Emperor Maximilian I. in 1 5 16. His career was a very chequered one; possessed of great military disposition, he engaged in many warlike adventures, and always displayed great courage, as well in the wars as in private encounters ; but disgusted at last with military life, he retired to pursue quiet studies in comparative seclusion. He joined Luther's cause with great warmth, and published Leo X.'s Bull against Luther in 1520 with interlineary and marginal glosses, in which that Pope was made an object of the strongest ridicule. He wrote with great freedom on the irregularities and disorders of the Court of Rome. At this Leo was greatly exasperated, and commanded the Elector to send him bound to Rome. The Elector, however, let him depart in peace. He had con- siderable share in the celebrated work ' Epistoke virorum obscurorum,'i which is stated to be the joint work of Ulrich Hutten and Crotus Rubianus. Peculiar style, obscene jests, unclerical humour, comical representations of saints, reliques, etc., prevail in the so-called epistles. He died on an island called Ufnau, in Lake Zurich, where he had hidden himself when pursued by the Inquisition, but died only fifteen ^ This work is valuable, as exhibiting a lively impression of the state of society and opinions at a time when Europe was rapidly approaching one of its most important convul- sions. It was condemned to the flames by Pope Leo X. Notices of the work will be found in the 'Retrospective Review,' v. 56-70, and Beloe's 'Anecdotes,' i. 93-95, Lownde's Bibliog., Hutten, and Epistolarum obscurorum virorum. 144 ULRICH HUTTEN. days after his arrival there in 1523 at the early age of thirty-six. He wrote many works, including one ' De morbo Gallico.' The fact that he died of that disease is stated in Zedler's ' Universal Lexicon,' and the same is alleged in sarcastic language and in chronograms in a rare and curious work, the title of which begins * Huttenus delarvatus,' (or, as it may be translated, ' Hutten disenchanted or exposed '). The book abounds with exposure, obloquy, satire, and ridicule against him ; at page 150 a tirade (among many others) ends thus : *Unus Ulricus de Hutten est valde bestialis.' The chronograms alluded to are at pages 487 and 502. A concluding tirade bears this title — TROPH^VM VLrICI De hVtten )_ eqVItIs et POET.E LaVreatI, /" ^'^° AB antonIo steInhaVer \ _ VersV JoCoso serIoqVe DesCrIptVM. / ~ ^^^° The other chronograms are under the title of ' Epiphonema chronico-leoninum in dominum Ulricum ab Hutten ' — VIXerat hVttenVs VenerI tIdI natVs aMcenVs, \ _ eXLeX Leno fVIt, DItIs In Igne LVIt. )~ ^^3° Aliud in Dominum Jacobum Burckhardum Hutteni encomiasten, InCLyta bVrCkharDo sIt LaVs et gLorIa barDo \_ , sanCtos Ipse Great neqVICVLosqVe beat. /~ ^"j° These four make the date of the book, which was published at Con- stanz and Augsburg in 1730. These are the only chronograms in the book, which abounds with bitterness against Hutten and others who favoured the German Reformation. A copy is in my possession. The author's name is Joannes Nicolaus Weislinger. A FRENCH WORK ON CHRONOGRAMS. A MODERN French work in two volumes and about 750 pages is a copious cyclopaedia of all sorts of literary singularities and fancies, ' Recherches sur les jeux d'esprit, les singularites et les bizar- reries litteraires principalement en France, par A. Canel, Membre de la societe des bibliophiles normands, auteur du Blason populaire de la Normandie.' Evereux, 1867, 8vo. It is a work rarely to be met with; it is understood that only a limited number of copies were printed. The table of contents shows that nearly one hundred varieties of strange prose and verse are named, arranged, and described with a vast number of selected and curious examples. So far as it relates to our particular subject, chapters are devoted to acrostics, anagrams, and chronograms ; the latter are noticed in vol. i., page 268. I propose to select some of the author's examples and remarks. A FRENCH WORK ON CHRONOGRAMS. 145 In the first place, he says that the word ' chronogram ' was brought into use about 1574 ; this, however, does not mean that the method of so forming dates then commenced, for he gives examples which mark much earlier dates, even five centuries earlier, although he does not say that such chronograms are coeval with the dates they indicate. I may add my own opinion that his few examples, as well as many others I have met with, were composed long after the dates they repre- sent. As early examples the author quotes one at the church of St. Peter at Aire inscribed on glass (a window ?) recording the benefactions of Baldwin, a Duke of Burgundy, which may have been put up cen- turies after the date it marks (observe, the letters D are not counted) — bIs septeM PR^BENDAS, VbaLdVIne dedIstI. = 1064 The example next given is open to similar remarks, although it is not strictly a chronogram — L, bis X, mille, C ter, octo congerat ille \ _ ^ „ Qui castrum mire subversum vult reperire. / ~ ^^' Here the date 1378 is represented, when the fortress of Mortain, in Normandy, was destroyed by Sir Bertrand du Guesclin. The next examples are from epitaphs, and of a period that need not be questioned ; and first that of Philippe the ' Hardy ' (meaning Philip the Bold of Burgundy) ; the letters D are not counted. aVdaCes Mors C^Ca neCat. = 1405 Also that of Philip the Fearless of Burgundy — toLLe, toLLe, CrVCIfIge eVM sI Vis. = 141 9 Also that of Philip the Good of Burgundy, the most powerful of the dukes — CeCIdIt IbI LVCerna prInCIpVM. = 1466 eCCe obsCVratVs est soL prInCIpVM. = 1467 Also that of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy — noCte regVM sVCCVbVIt CaroLVs. = 1476 In 1504 the navigator Binot-Paulmier de Gonneville, in a voyage of discovery, came to an ' unknown land ' where he set up a cross inscribed with this verse — hIC saCra paLMarIVs posVIt gonIVILLa bInotVs, \_ greX soCIVs parIter neVstraqVe progenIes. j ~ ^5°4 The battle of Pavia, which Francis I. (of France) lost, together with his liberty, on February 24, 1524, if reckoned as the ecclesiastical year beginning at Easter, otherwise in 1525, if reckoned from January i. The first word of the chronogram is the eagle, the emblem of Ger- many. The letters D are not counted. aqVILa ConCVLCaVIt LILIVM. = 1524 CeCIdIt Corona nostra, Vah ! qVIa peCCaVIMUs. = 1524 oCCVbVere aqVILa trIa LILIa LVCe MartIa. = 1525 regIa sVCCVMbVnt pVgnaCIs LILIa gaLLI. = 1525 Jodelle, the French dramatic and comic writer, is the author of the following distich, in which the first line only is numeral ; it was com- 19 1568 1638 146 A FRENCH WORK ON CHRONOGRAMS. posed for a ' masquerade ' given by the city of Paris to Henry II. of France after the capture of Calais by the Duke of Guise from the Eng- lish, on January 7th, 1558 — Magna tIbI Capto ConCessIt CVra CaLeto; = 1558 Cinge comas, similes Janus et annus erunt. Two lines from the epitaph of Madeleine de Nassau, Countess of Namur ; the letters D are not counted — hIC VbI MagdaLena IaCet nassoVIa, Candor, 1 ^ Cana fIdes, et honos, IntegrItasq: IaCent. /"" The birth of Louis XIV. of France was greeted with this chrono- gram, presaging his greatness — eXorIens DeLphInVs, aqVIL^ CorDIsq: LeonIs | ^ CongressV, gaLLos spe L^tItIaqVe refeCIt. j This apparently obscure chronogram alludes to the relative position of certain of the stars to each other on a certain day in the year' — in fact, on the birthday in question. The author thus comments on it : ' The conjunction of the eagle and the heart of the lion happened on the 5th September, 1638, the day when the son of Louis XIII. was born.' All that, with an expression of hope and joy, is happily united in the two verses. (Louis XIV. was born September 5, 1638, came to the throne on September i, 1643, when barely five years old.) The author remarks that this is the first chronogram in which he finds the letter D is counted as a numeral. In a work, 'Triomphe de I'eghse cath^drale de Coutances,' 1647, 4to., Hilaire de Morel has given three chronograms of the date of consecration of the Bishop Claude Auvry — CLaVDIVs aVVrI CgeLo DICtVs VIVet ConstantIensIs\ . epIsCopVs. - 1= 1047 oMnIa sVbIeCIstI sVb peDIbVs eIVs, oVes et boVesI , VnIVersos. j ^' 1647 NGN EST InVentVs epIsCopVs In orbe sIMILIs ILLI, qVI\ ConserVaret Leges eXCeLsI soLII. / To this chronogram the author at a later page of his book offers the following French translation — Les CIeVX saCreront Vn CLaVDe aVVrI eVesqVe De^ ^^ ConstanCes. / ' The next three chronograms are added to show their significant position in the title-pages of books : * Batavia triumphata : anno quo summus arbiter rerum DeposVIt potentes De seDe et eXaLtaVIt franCos.' = 1672 ' Ostendana Francorum clades, qua S. principe Joanne Austriaco faciente, per tredecim menses . . ., CroMVeLIo Irato et DerIso [=1658], MazarIno a fLanDrIs ILLVso [= 1658], naves, pecu- ^ See Chronograms, p. 202. A FRENCH WORK ON CHRONOGRAMS. 147 niam, militem, honorem et Flandriae spem Anglis conjuncti amiserunt Franci . . .' (No date in figures in the title ; the chronograms alone give the date, which is that of the event.) The third is thus introduced : Le troisibme example est ce vers phaleuque; ' stVLtVM est DIffICILes habere nVgas.' = 1718 This chronogram has no particular application ; the author has copied it from an earlier French work, which was written to criticize adversely certain chronograms publicly used in 17 18 (see Chronograms, page 205). At page 282 this title of a book is mentioned : ' Trophaeum amoris, sive IVbILVs gaVDII et eXVLtatIonIs seraphICe nIIMph^e . . . per F, Engelbertum Lenaerts, ordinis IT. Minorum recoil. . . . thesaVrIsate thesaVros In CceLo, qVos neqVe iERVoo neqVe tInea DeMoLItVr. (Matt. vi. 20.^) Lovanii, 1739.' Each chrono- gram makes that date. Some other chronograms are mentioned which have already been noticed in this or my former volumes on chronograms, also the works by Gerard Grumsel and Antonio Vanden Stock. A NOTE ON THOMAS A KEMPIS. MOST studious readers are acquainted with the book, * De Imita- tione Christi,' by Thomas k Kempis,^ for we may now assume that the authorship is correctly attributed to him who is known by that appellation in allusion to Kempen, near Cologne, the place of his birth ; the same person who became a priest, and friar of the Monas- tery of Mount St. Agnes, Kampen, near Zwolle, in Holland. Perhaps no book, save the Bible, has been so often reproduced in its original Latin, or translated into more languages, both European and Oriental, than that celebrated work. It was probably written at the monastery between the years 1400 and 147 1, in which latter year the author died at the age of ninety-two. Some recently-discovered evidence, together with much interesting information, is contained in a work, ' Thomas k Kempis, notes of a visit to the scenes in which his life was spent, with some account of the examination of his relics.' By Francis Richard Cruise, M.D. London, 1887. ^ See Vulgate Version, ^ But see a later page, where mention is made of the work being otherwise attributed by a writer in the same region of Europe a century and a half ago. See Index, ' Kempis. ' 148 A NOTE ON THOMAS A KEMPIS. It is stated on good authority, respecting the work by Thomas h Kempis, that from the time the first edition was printed in 1470, it is supposed that nearly 4,000 different editions have been issued. What editions beyond these may have been produced and lost no one can tell ; but when this calculation is taken in conjunction with the fact that the work has been translated into fifty-six languages, some vague conception can be formed of the millions of copies which must have been circulated down to our own day. What wonder, then, is there that an imitation of the work should be done in chronogram ! And such, indeed, has been done by a Jesuit priest, Antonio Vanden Stock, His work is mentioned at page 59 anfe. It contains about 1,525 moral and devotional precepts composed entirely in chronogram. Some definite information as to the large number of editions of the work in question was made known in January, 1895, when the ' Waterton Library ' was sold in London by auction. The sale included a unique collection of editions of ' De Imitatione Christi,' both printed and in MS. in many languages. This remarkable collection comprised six MSS. and 762 printed editions ancient and modern. The greater number of the printed editions were in Latin, Italian, German, French, and English. A collection of 437 editions of the same book was also sold for ;!^43. In the Antiquary (a monthy magazine) for February, 1880, vol. i., p. 60, there is an article by Mr. Waterton, in which he says, at page 62 : ' I believe that I am within the mark when I estimate the number of printed editions of the ' Imitation ' at under 4,000. It has also been translated into 46 different languages, of which I possess 33 specimens.' Another remarkable work is ' Cancer Chronographicb incedens,' by the blind bishop Sporck, containing about 3,420 chronograms on all sorts of subjects, filling 452 pages; it is described in Chronograms Continued, page 427. The greatest work of the class of which I have any knowledge is by an abbot of Graffschaff'ten ; it contains above 6,500 chronograms, and is described in later pages of this present volume, where also another imitation of Thomas k Kempis will be found. XIV. BISHOPS AND ABBOTS. HE title-page of a quarto tract of eighteen pages, in my pos- session, begins thus : ' Applausus vnetricus, chrono-metro, ac metro-achrostic^ congratulatorius,' etc. (A congratulation by the Capucins at Bruges to Felix William Brenart on his solemn entry as seventeenth Bishop of Bruges and Chancellor of Flanders.) ' A fratrIbVs CapUCInIs, qUI De faMILIa brUgensI reverentur exhibitus.' Then follows the almost unique chrono- grammatic imprint — ^ brUgIs Me pr^Lo Dabat Van praet, sUb sCUto aUstrIaCo. i.e. Van Pract gave me to the press at Bruges^ under the Austrian pro- tection. There is no date in figures ; the chronograms make 1777. The sixteen pages which follow are replete with fanciful compositions in Latin verse, wherein chronograms are conspicuous. One poem consists of fourteen lines, yet it makes but one chronogram (here called ' chroni- cum simplex et unicum ') ; this is managed by avoiding the use of the higher numeral letters M and D, and using 108 numerals of the lesser denominations^ to make the date 1777. The next poem, consisting also of fourteen lines (here explained ' singulus versus facit chronic.'), is less diffuse, for each line is a chronogram of 1777. The next two poems are of five lines, each line forming a direct and crossways com- pound acrostic on the name Felix, preceded by a ' logogryph ' couplet, and followed by a chronogram distich. The next two are in a more simple acrostic form, followed by Leonine distichs. Then follow two other intricate acrostics on the Bishop's name and designation. Chrono- grams of 1777 appear on every page to the number of thirty-three; in fact, the date is nowhere given in figures. * There is another of similar construction in this volume ; refer to index, ' Idiota.' ' See also ' Affligen ' in the index. 150 B REN ART, BISHOP OF BRUGES. The fanciful compositions are not adaptable for transcribing here, but the following extracts of chronograms will not be out of place. The City of Bruges offers a memorial in three pages of hexameter verse, bemoaning and praising the late Bishop, who died on December 2 2, 1775, in the twenty-second year of his reign, aged sixty-five, as thus expressed — Sublatus Letho, numquam rediturus abivit. bIssenIs LUstrIs, qUater anno, aC MensIbUs oCto \ _ PRATA^ terens: erat UnDeno bIs pastor ab anno. }~ ^^^^ VIgUIt, fLorUIt, MarCUIt, CaDIt. = 1775 CorpUs hUMI LInqUens, asCenDIt spIrItUs astra. = 1775 Then it proceeds to applaud the new Bishop, concluding thus — Acclamat Populus ; splendens utrumque Tribunal, Nobilitas, Clerus, Plebs concomitantur eumdem ; Gratantur omnes, Patrem venerantur ovantes, Applaudunt omnes ; ex cordibus ora loquuntur Vive diu : repetunt, vivat Brenartius, omnes. brUgensIUM Vota CgeLI seCUnDarUnt. = 1777 Page 6 contains this ' Apostrophe ad lUustrissimum " — antIstes nobIs stIrps es brenartIa feLIX : feLIX est, tanto pr^sIDe, brUga sUIs. bIrrato JUrIs beLgIs qUI natUs athenIs '? In pUero sUperos strUXIt apoLLo faVos. Ut fUeras aLtI assessor, JUrIsqUe senator •? antIstes feLIX, qUI ben^ pr^sIt, erIs. JUstItI^e prases, proteCtor es, atqUe patronUs. pastor erIs gregIbUs strenUUs, atqUe potens. pro GREGE, pro sUpERIs NON TERRENT FRIgORA ET iESTUS : Ut VERk PROsIs, non graVat Ipse Labor. nestoreIs annIs VIgeant In Corpore VIres : obVenIant annIs JUbILa saCra tUIs. post tIbI perpetUo sInt JUbILa, pr^eses. In aXe : h>eC tIbI Vota, pater, SiEPk reCantat oVIs. / Page 7 contains this ' Acclamatio et vota exultantis populi.' Observe Felix, the Bishop's name — FESTA DIes LUXIt: pLaUDat pLebs, atqUe saCerDos : = 1777 PRyEsUL aDest feLIX, CLarUs aMore VIr est. = 1777 DoCtor erIt MagnUs, brUgIs VeLUt angeLUs aLter : = 1777 VeL QUiE VItanDa, aUt QUiE faCIenDa DoCens. = 1777 InCenDet popULos qUoqUe, Ut est InCensUs aMore. = 1777 sUaVIter eMULCens peCtora DUra sUIs. = 1777 Is VIrtUte DIU, et MerItIs LUCesCat In arIs, = 1777 atqUe faVente Deo, CLarUs UbIqUe MICet. = 1777 In DoMIno eXULtans pLebs nUnC L^etatUr apert^ : = 1777 ^ Alluding to his office of pastor, quasi a shepherd in the meadows caring for his flock. 2 Meaning Louvain, which, for its learned University, was called Athens. * The new Bishop, Brenart, was a distinguished member of the royal senate at Mechlin. = 1777 BEEN ART, BISHOP OF BRUGES. 151 PRiEsUL enIM VULtU gaUDIa pLena Great. = 1777 hInC Urbs, et totUM Vere CongaUDet oVILe : = 1777 VI Vat hoMo, eX pLeno CorDe reCantat oVIs : = 1777 o! VIr aMate Deo, rUCto, per s^CULa VIVe : = 1777 POST qUoqUe steLLa Deo, pr^esUL In aXe MICa. = 1777 Subsequent pages contain fanciful compositions, to which the follow- ing chronograms are severally appended. The Bishop's name, Felix, is brought into play — feLIX Ut phcenIX aD sIDera DUCet oVILe : 1 greX aIt, en! VerUs VIr qUoqUe pastor erIt. /~ ^^^^ pastor aDest PRiESTANS, pasCet brenartIUs oMnes : \ _ fIt popULo, tanto pr^esULe, tUa saLUs. /~ ^''^^ greX pIUs appLaUDet, Charo qUIa pr^sULe gaUDet ; ) _ VIX potU^re tUI ferVIDIore frUI.i /~ ^^77 VersIbUs ornetUr feLIX, LaUDetUr, aMetUr ; |_ sInt tIbI faUsta soLo, VIr qUoqUe VIVe poLo.^ /~ ^^^'^ At page 12 acrostic verses display the virtues and merits of the Bishop, followed by this hexameter — JaM DatUs e CceLo pr/EsUL VIrtUte refULget. = 1777 At page 13 the subject is continued ; each virtue is indicated by some far-fetched allusion, followed by this hexameter — brUgensI popULo pr/EsUL spLenDesCat In ^VUM. = 1777 Page 14 contains a crossways acrostic of words applicable to the Bishop and his solicitude for his flock, followed by this pentameter — feLIX hoC teMpore epIsCopUs brUg^ DatUr. = 1777 Page 15 contains a similar and corresponding acrostic, followed by this ' chronicum ' — feLICI gUILIeLMo antIstItI sUo greX Dabat. = 1777 Page 16 contains hexameter and pentameter verses, preceded by this anagram on the Bishop's name — Programtna. Felix Guilielmus Brenart. Anagramma. Mel, Sal, Lux, et Ignifer Urbi. The verses go to prove what the anagram seems to suggest, and conclude with this couplet — Sic Mel, sic Sal, sic Lux, sic erit Ignifer Urbi : Omnibus, en ! Felix omnia f actus adest. The last line is referred to i Cor. ix. 22, which in the Vulgate version is, * Factus sum infirmis infirmus, ut infirmos lucrifacerem ; omnibus omnia factus sum, ut omnes facerem salvos.' This appears in the English Revised Version as, ' To the weak became I as weak, that I might gain the weak : I am made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some.' In a foot-note the words in the anagram are explained : Mel by a reference to Ezek. iii. 3 ; Sal applies to morals, with a reference to Matt. v. 13 : ' Lux ad doctrinam pertinet '; Ignis is referred to Deut. iv. xxiv. The whole concludes with — nUnC feLIX sponsUs oMnIa faCtUs aDest. = 1777 * A Leonine couplet. 152 ARCHBISHOP OF MAYENCE. Page 17 contains verses descriptive of the Bishop's armorial bear- ings, of which, however, no representation is given ; of course all is suggestive of his own virtues. At the end is this ' chronicum ' — brUga tIbI sapIens reCtor, gregTsqUe CUstos fIDeLIssIMUs. = 1777 Page 18, the last, contains an epilogue, which finishes thus — MUsA breVI sUo Voto ConCLUDIt. = 1777 sUo patrI, pastorI, pr^esULI Dabant ) _ brUgIs ff. MInores CapUCInI. /" ^^77 And so endeth this ingenious, handsomely-printed anonymous pro- duction, without date, except as expressed by the chronograms. }= 1703 ARCHBISHOP OF MA YENCE. LOTHARIUS FRANCISCUS, Archbishop of Mayence (or Mainz). A tract in the British Museum library, folio size, press mark 11409. h. 32, (3). has a full title-page printed in red and black as follows — Strena. TRES Magnas et saCras In se ContInens trIaDes = 1703 Seu Funiculus Cordis triplex, ruptu difficilis ; Divinitatis tri vertici, entI oMnIa Creata transCenDentI ; Increatae gloriae triculmini, transCenDentaLI orbIs nostrI aLpha et oMega; Augustissimse trinitati, Beatitudinis nostras Met^ aC trICoronIDI; = 1703 Deo uni-trino ; et eminentissimo . . . Lothario Francisco, sacrae Moguntinae sedis Archiepiscopo . . . Domino nostro clementissimo pIo anIMo, CorDe sInCero, Strenae loco Oblatus, Dedicatus Consecratus, a clientum minimo f. i. ^. professo Seeligenstadiensi Anno hujus saeculi tertio, qui DIVo C^sarI, aVgVsto Josepho regI, 1 ET IMperIo ter feLIX faVstVsqVe [■= 1703 eVenIat. j Printed at Hanover, 1703. Twenty pages are filled with acrostics, anagrams and chronograms with verses, all in Latin, in praise of the blessed triad of Jesus-Maria-Joseph ; the hierarchal triad of Clemens- Lotharius-Franciscus ; and the Austrian triad Leopoldus-Josephus- OSTEIN, BISHOP OF MAYENCE. 153 Carolus. Accompanying each triad is a full-page representation of three flaming hearts, with laudatory words printed across them. The whole is very entangled, and any chronograms extracted from the places they occupy would be devoid of interest. The last chronogram is — • qVIa ergo aVgVsta aVstrIa erIt In orbe VLtIMa hInC fronDeat, VIVat atqVe VIgeat ! 1703 OSTEIN, BISHOP OF MA YENCE. A TRACT, folio, pp. 44, relating to the bishopric of Mayence. The author foreshadows him who is destined to be elected as successor to the deceased Bishop, and, by means of calculations, cabalistic verses, and divination by 'lots,' discloses his name. It is hardly possible to give a condensed description of the fanciful contents of this tract, and even after a careful study it almost baffles any attempt to arrive at a full interpretation.^ Chronograms are a marked feature, and are conspicuous on the title-page, which runs thus (the stars divide the chronograms) — Interrogans Vox pIa popVLI qVIs erIt In CapVt angVLI S. iEDIS MOGON^? 1743 eIqVe reponens Vox DeI franCIsCVs gottfrIDVs Igannes antonIVs ab osteIn.^ frID 1743 In eLeCtIone arChIepIsCopI MogVntInI prognostICo CabaLIstICo VersIbVs eXIgVIs * Ab Eremo Augustiana Moguntinensi exhibitae, anno qVo patriae affLICt^ patreM fert aLIfer aXIs spesqVe reDIt sanans qV^ rVIt ante VIrIs. = 1743 }= 1743 ^ The simple fact, apart from the mysterious allusions in this tract, is that in the year 1743 Joannes Fridericus Antonius, etc., von Ostein was elected as Prince Bishop of Mayence. The name Ostein occurs again in what follows. He reigned twenty years. One cannot imagine in this concluding nineteenth century such an effusion being put forth on the appoint- ment of a bishop, or an archbishop. 154 OSTEIN, BISHOP OF MAYENCE. The date 1743 is thus given four times; there is no other date on the title-page, A second title introducing a chronogrammatic poem runs thus — eLeCtIo noVI arChI-epIsCopI ET. s. R. I. arChI-CanCeLLarII prInCIpIs eLeCtorIs PER artIs CaraL^ Vota qYje sVnt DeI ET pII pop V LI. Cui Electioni initium dabat Invocatio Spiritus Sancti.^ VenI beate spIrItVs Mentes DIsertas VIsIta aVge sVperna gratIa qWje tV CreastI peCtora. qVI DICerIs paraCLItVs ET aLtI DeI CLarItas FONS rorans, VIVa CharItas ET spIrItVaLIs VnCtIo. and so on for seven stanzas, concluding with a prayer for aid in the votes, composed in chronogram — Oremus. aCtIones nostras gratIas aspIranDo pr^eVenI et aDIV-"| VanDO PROSEQVeRE, Vt nostra ORAtIo et OPERATIo a TEr = InCIpIat et In te fInIatVr. J sVppLICIa nostra tIbI qV^ sVnt Vota, Vt saCr.t. eCCLesI^\ ^ tV^ Confer at pontIfICeM tVa pIetas / qVI et pIo In nos stVDIo tIbI pLaCItVs et tVo popVLo\^ In pIo regIMInIs opere sIt optatVs, j qVI VIVIs et regnas CVM patre In VnItate spIrItVs\^ sanCtI DeVs p. o. s. s. a. J The ' lots ' which next follow are three in number ; they are intro- duced by these words : ' Ecce per regulas artis cabalisticae et anagram- matismi ad litteram correspondet hsec Sors problemati et augurio supra posito.' They are based on the two sentences above mentioned, but are not chronogrammatic ; we therefore pass them over. They con- clude by words to this effect : that, as the votes thus ascertained are unanimous, it is right to believe that the election has been guided by the Supreme Power, and therefore the newly-elected Prince-Bishop may be proclaimed — aVDIte Vos! frIDerICVs CaroLVs ab osteIn arChIepIsCopVs et prInCeps eTeCtor VIVat ! 1743 1743 1743 1743 1743 1743 1743 1743 ^ In imitation of the hymn Vent Creator Spiritus. 1743 = 1743 OSTEIN, BISHOP OF MAYENCE. 155 The election being finished, a song of rejoicing next follows in six stanzas, commencing thus : Id trIVMphe ! JVbILa personent ! pLebs L^ta pLaVsVs ConCIne JVbILos EN soLIs eLapsI Col, ores aVrIferI renItent prIores Id trIVMphe ! pLaVDIto CIVItas ! } ^ SPES Ipsa fVLget qVje prIVs abfVIt / " ^1"^^ o MagnVs osteIn petra LVXIt \_ aC fVrIbVnDa fVgata pVLsat /"" ^^43 soLare trIstIs patrIa JVbILa osteIn parenteM phosphorVs annVIt nostras et oras In DeCore, aXe faVente, noVo serenat, etc., etc. Passing over what remains as outside our immediate purpose, we come to the same subject continued in a laudatory effusion by the same author, ' Eremus Augustiana Moguntinensis,' with a title-page commencing thus : atLas eXCeLsVs ] granDI VIrtVte sVa ,'-= 1743 MogVntInos sVfferens orbes J SIFE petra eXVrgens ] DeVot^ patrI/E LaC et roreM Y- 1743 pLeno In rIVo eXVberans J a tenui musa symbolizata, etc., etc. The Latin introductory address to the new Bishop is composed in words of extravagant adulation. The subject is arranged as effusions supposed to be spoken by the nine Muses in the Cathedral of Mayence ; they are, however, too intricate for description, and too long for reproduction in these pages ; the accompanying chronograms also would be devoid of interest and meaning apart from the text. The Muses having finished, the author thus proclaims the Bishop and concludes the work — VIVat Id prInCeps ter faVstos MILLe per annos, ) _ VIVat Io repetIt sVbDIta tVrba sonans. /~ ^'"^^ The tract is, I believe, very rare ; the total number of chronograms is sixty-six, besides the cabalas, anagrams, and other quaint peculiarities of composition and printing. There are two hexameter ' palindrome ' lines worth taking note of; the same words may be read forwards and backwards : O te Lac et ros ibit tibi, sorte caleto. The Bishop has been alluded to as * Petra,' the rock, able to resist dangers by land and sea, hence — Sic orta eludes maris iram sedule atrocis. osteIn tV eXVrgIs nobIs soLIDIssIMa petra 1 qV^ fVrIosa fretI sorte CaLente fVgas. j ~ '"^^ iS6 GENTIS, BISHOP OF ANTWERP. Another example of the election of a bishop by casting imaginary lots will be seen in my volume Chronograms, page 480, relating to a Bishop of Bamberg. The chronograms and other devices are very complex and ingenious. GENTIS, BISHOP OF ANTWERP. A TRACT in my possession, consisting of twenty-three pages, folio, bears a very full title-page, commencing : ' ConCentUs sIVe appLaUsUs anagraMatICUs ConteXtU Chrono-bIbLICUs,' etc. It is an address by the ' holy quadriga ' of the order of Mendicants at Antwerp to Dominicus Gentis on his inauguration as fifteenth Bishop of Antwerp, in 1749. Printed at Antwerp by the official printer 'in foro lactis sub signo Cancellorum Aureorum.' On the back of the title-page the Cardinal-bishop's armorial shield is handsomely engraved, which, with his motto, ' sine spina et ungue,' is made the source of much compliment and flattery. The subject is treated in Latin verse, interspersed with chronograms, anagrams, and acrostics so fanciful and intricate as to defy all attempts to describe them. There are sixty-five anagrams, and seventy-one chronograms ; the last one is very singular, it stands on the last page, thus : vox POPULI vox DEI. DIXIT... qUIa fUIstIs... Israel absqUe DoCtore, et absqUe] Lege paX IngreDIentI. 2 Paral.} xv. 2, et seq. \ DOMINICUS gentis : {Anagramma) SIC GENTI OS MUNDI. Consilium... VIr perItUs...erUDIVIt...sUaVIs ET =- 1749 sapIens...In popULo. Eccl. xxxvii. qUeM = 1005 erkLInIa genUIt, JULIaCUM nUtrIVIt, orDo foVIt - 1738 CoLonIa CoLLFIt, UnIVersItas CoMprobaVIt : = 1425 Casanate eXtULIt, roMa eXaLtaVIt ; = 1232 MarIa theresIa proMoVIt, = 2008 beneUICtUs XIIII. ConseCraVIt; = 826 rUreMUnDa eXpeCtaVIt, = 1626 antVerpIa sUsCepIt; = 112 qUaDrIga eVeXIt. = 522 J 0494 = 1749 ^ The Book of Chronicles. — The dots [...] occasionally introduced are so in the chronogram ; they indicate the omission of words ; in other respects the quotations are selected from the Vulgate Version of the quoted passages. MAXIMILIAN, ARCHBISHOP OF COLOGNE. 157 atqUe hIs Ita VoVebant = p. p. DoMInICanI, franCIsCanI aUgUstInIanI, CARMELrriE: = DIXI. I have placed in the margin the amounts made by each Hne of the third chronogram (which is here called chronogramma sextuplex) ; they make a total of 10,494 — this sum, divided by six, gives the date 1 749 six times repeated ; in like manner the fourth makes a total of 3,498 — this sum, divided by two, gives the date 1749 twice repeated. The third chronogram is a sort of epitome of the Bishop's career. The expression ' quadriga evexit ' seems to mean the four religious orders named in the last line but one. The chronograms scattered throughout the pages are built up of passages from the Latin Bible, many words of the original being omitted in order to compose chrono- grams adapted to the allegorical style of composition which prevails on every page, and requires too much study to unravel. The tract, however, is very curious, and of great rarity. The total number of chronograms is seventy-one, and of anagrams sixty-five. 17 2969 3498 MAXIMILIAN, ARCHBISHOP OF COLOGNE. A TRACT written in honour of Maximilian Henry, Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, then recently deceased, in which his life and virtues are symbolically described in Latin prose and verse by Francis Xavier Trips, printed at Honeff^ in 1688; a copy is in the British Museum library, press-mark 4885 f., folio size. The title-page begins, ' Idea infulata virtutis reverendissimi et serenissimi gloriosse et felicis recordationis Maximiliani Henrici archiepiscopi et electoris Coloniensi ' (with a number of other titles), composed for the occasion of his funeral with the following four chronograms. This hexameter and pentameter verse appears opposite to the title — oMnIa transIbVnt, VIVIt post fVnera VIrtVs, \^ ET parIt ^ternos, Cor, sIne Labe DIes. / The next appear appropriately in another place — Maximilianus Henricus DVX boIorVM et arChIpr^sVL VbIVIs. CVIVs anIM^ sIt a Deo paX atqVe perpetVa saLVs. = Forty-five pages are filled with most flattering praise in the style 1688 1688 1688 ^ Honeff, or Honnef, a pleasant village on the Rhine, about twenty-seven miles above Cologne. 158 BISHOPS OF MALINES— SPIRES. generally adopted at this period ; the last words are as follows, in hexameter and pentameter verse — TRANSIT HONGS, transIt fortVna, potentIa transIt ; 1 VnICa tV VIrtVs InVIoLanDa Manes. /= '^^^ COUNT FRANCKENBERG, BISHOP OF MALINES. A TRACT of twenty folio pages, in my possession, entitled 'Ludus emblematicus in scutum gentilitium . . . D Joannis Henrici comitis a Franckenberg, etc.,' a congratulation and festivities offered to him when, being Archbishop of Malines, he was made a Cardinal in 1778, Printed at Ghent. The author's name does not appear in the print, but at the end of the address to his Eminence on page 4, the place of the name is filled by asterisks, thus, *** **** * **, and what probably is the real name is added by the pen ' Klugman,' Pres- byter, and at the foot of the page, ' Mechliniaa In Palatio archie- piscopali carmen hoc recitabam i Novemb., 1778.' The subject is treated poetically in Latin, with a version in Flemish printed on alternate pages. On the back of the title-page the Cardinal's hat and armorial shield is represented in an engraving, and they become the theme of much compliment and flattery to him. The only chronogram is on the last page, printed in black, with the date letters in red, in Latin and Flemish — franCkenbergo a pIo seXto prIMa JUnII CarDInaLI renUntIato Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam. aen franCkenberg DIe pIUs VI Den I. JUnY CarDInaeL Verhefte Tot Meeder Eere van Godt. i.e. To Franckenberg declared Cardinal by Pius VI. on 1 si June, )- 1778 = 1778 HUTTEN, BISHOP OF SPIRES. AFOLIO-SIZE pamphlet in my possession, pp. 58, has a long verbose title-page, commencing : ' Arbor Genealogica illus- trissimfe stirpis L L. Baronum ab Hutten in Stolzenberg ' (to commemo- rate the occasion when the most reverend Franciscus Christophorus, HUTTEN, BISHOP OF SPIRES. 159 free Baron of Hutten, was elected Bishop of Spires, and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, on November 14, 1743). He was consecrated on May 1 7, in the year thus expressed at the foot of the title-page — gratVLante et appLaVDente ^ eX DebIta gratItVDInIs obserVantIa J- = soCIetate IesV spIrensI. J The pamphlet is full of laudatory odes in Latin, and pedigrees of the Hutten family, showing its antiquity, and the public positions held by many of its members. Chronograms are sprinkled in the pages to the total number of nineteen ; this one is on page 47 — VoLente CoeLo ^ CatheDraLI CapItVLo franCIsCVs ChrIstophorVs LTrer baro ab hVtten In stoLzenberg PRi^sVL spIr.e et prInCeps EST eLeCtVs. VIVat franCFsCVs ChrIstophorVs neo-eLeCtVs epIsCopVs et IMperII prInCeps ! sanVs fLoreat. The work emanates from the Jesuits at Spires. This Bishop has been the subject of other applauses, in 1724, when he became also Bishop of Wiirzburg, more noticeable for their chronograms than the present one (see my book Chronograms, 1882, pages 476, 478 ; and Chrono- granis Continued, 1884, page 286). He was born in 1706, and died in 1770. The pamphlet contains an engraved genealogical tree of his family commencing from Ehrenricus at Hutten, who is represented in armour as the root of the ' Arbor Genealogica,' with the date 930. The following chronogram (on page 5) relates to an event in his career in the year 935 — ARBOR hVtTEnIaNA \ VetVsta et nob! Lis, VenVsta et fertILIs A PoLo rIgata, AB ehrenreIChIo propagata, InDIes, effLoresCens. -if^-i-JO- 1744 >■= 1743 1743 935 perge ARBOR, fLoreqVe DIV, stIrps aVrea perge ! eXspeCtant raMos qV^LIbet arVa tVos. 1743 i6o ABBOT OF FULDA. CONSTANTINE, AB^OT OF FULDA. CONST ANTINE, Abbot of Fulda and Prince of the Empire, died on March 13, 1726. The portrait of him as he lay in state prior to his funeral faces the title-page of a tract in my possession which runs thus : " Memoria justi cum laudibus . . . Lob-ehr-und Leich-Predig uber den Gerechten und Zugendreichen Lebens-Wandel des hochwiirdigsten . . . Constantini,' etc. By Engelhard Molitor, Ord. S. Franc. Printed at Fulda, folio, pp. 50. Chronograms are scattered through the pages, composed of sentences selected from the writings of St. Augustine, St. Gregory, Cicero, Seneca, and others, also from the Bible; they indicate only the date, 1726, and while ex- pressing an axiom or a sentiment applicable to the deceased Abbot, they do not point to any circumstances in his career. They are thus devoid of interest as chronograms, but they show how the ancient writers inadvertently provided for a modern date. There are twenty-five in all ; a few examples will suffice — NGN InfaVsta Mors habenDa est, CVI IVsta et pIa VItaI , PRiECESSERlT. / S. Aug.y lib. i. de Civit. neC qVaLI fIne, seD qVaLI VIta fInIas, attenUet DeVs. = 1726 S. Aug., Epist. 122. DeVs VoCat BONOS ANTE teMpVs, Vt A Lahore LIberentVr. = 1726 S. Aug. de Vit. Chris. VIta IVstI, non Ver6 Mors eIVs ConspICIenDa est. = 1726 S. Greg., 17 Moral. DII SiEPE, qVos MagnIfaCIVnt, eos CIto a nobIs aVferVnt. = 1726 Eurip. in Med. Mors tVrpIs IVsto, qVIsqVIs est, non poterIt aCCIDere. = 1726 Cicero ad Tit. Pomp. paVCIssIMos Inter sapIentes aC prVDentes VIros non\^ ^ g REPENTk fVnERATOS REPErIeS. j Menand. apud Plut. in orat. de Consol et Exil. VIro IVsto nIL DeLICatIVs est Morte breVI. = 1726 Quint. y Declam. 17. nIL refert sI DesInas, DesIne qVoCVnqVe VoLes, sI beneI ^ ^^ DesInas. / Seneca^ Epist. 77. QViERE IVstItIaM cetera Ver6 aDIICIentVr. = 1726 See Matthew vi. 33, Luke xi. 31, Vulgate. CaptVs est ConstantInVs InCLytVs abbas aC prInCeps\ patrI^ nostra CeLsIssIMVs. / pereat DIes ILLa, et fIat In tenebras. In qVa MortVVs^ g est ConstantInVs. / The words of the last chronogram are adapted from the Book of Job, iii. 3, 4, Vulgate Version. Fulda was a very ancient abbacy until 1753, when it was raised to the dignity of an episcopal see, the Abbot becoming a Prince-Bishop, 1726 ABBOTS OF GRUSSAU. i6i retaining also his title of Abbot. This and other abbots and bishops of Fulda appear in a remarkable collection of tracts described in Chronogmms, pages 505 to 532. See also Chronograms Continued, pages 41, 42, for Constantine's monument in Fulda Cathedral. ABBOTS OF GRUSSAU. ' T~^ AS wieder lebende Griissau ' is the beginning of a verbose title- 1 ) page of a thin 4to. volume in my possession, pp. 74, which at the conclusion bears this chronogram — ES Lebe Lange beneDICtVs Der zVVeI 1 VnD VIertzIgste abbt In grIssaV. / ~ dedicated by Samuel Leopold Hahn, an ofificial at Schweidnitz, in Silesia. Dated also 1735. ^^^ relates to the Cistercian abbey of Griissau, in the duchy of Schweidnitz, in Silesia, when Benedictus was appointed as Abbot, the forty-second in succession. The abbey was founded in the year 1290, and suppressed in 1810 ; it is now used as a manufactory. The subject is put in the form of German rhyming lines and many explanatory notes. It appears that Bernardus Rosa (on the death of Abbot Andrew in 1660) was appointed as the thirty- ninth Abbot ; he was a liberal benefactor to the abbey, and, according to the epitaph there, he died in 1691. Observe the playful allusion to his name Rosa ; it is on page 27, in faulty printing — eMarCUIt fLos grIssoVIensIs obIIt abbas, et pater noster bernarDVs ROSA, sIne spIna. tV, qVI transIs VIator, or A PRO EO. i.e. The floiuer of Grissau has withered, our father Bernardus, a Rose without a thorn, is dead. O traveller who passeth by, do thou pray for him. He was the means of restoring the church, as thus recorded on page 29 in hexameter and pentameter verse — ABBAS bernarDVs grIssena Vt sCeptra tenebat \_ H^C saCra pr^CLaro teCta DeCore beat. /~ i.e. Abbot Bernardus, when he reigned at Grissau, blessed this sacred building with conspicuous grace. Benedictus was the forty-second Abbot in succession, as we learn first from the title-page, and afterwards from the verses and notes which fill the volume, and which describe the festival which was held to celebrate his inauguration in 1735. At page 65 these chronograms 21 1736 = 1691 1661 l62 JUDOCUS MAES, ABBOT OF BURSFELD. alluding to him appear among the verses. The first of the lines is based on a sentence in the Book of Esther (iv. 8) — sVppLeX oro: IstI parCe DoMIne popVLo tVo VenIentI. = Ita DeVoVeo beneDICtVs seCVnDVs grIssoVIensIs abbas. = Vt bIs VIgesIMVs InVoCatIone, et seCVnDVs. = He was Benedict the Second; a note on page 22 tells that Benedict the First reigned from 1554 to 1556. 1_ ]- JUDOCUS MAES, ABBOT OF BURSFELD. THE notice of the monastery of Graffschafften, which appears on page 164, imparts an interest to any other circumstance con- nected therewith. I find in ' Antiquitates Bursfeldenses,' by John George Leuchfeld, pages loi, 102 (British Museum Hbrary, press mark 490, g. 10), that Judocus Maes was Abbot of Hubsburg, a Benedictine monastery near Halberstadt, in Saxony; he had previously been a 'professed' in the monastery of Graffschafft, and in 1705 he was the forty-first in the succession of abbots of Hubsburg. The following verses were circulated in praise of him — hVbsbVrg Long^Vo sVb taLI VIVat In ^Vo pr^sVLe, Magna qVIes est habItVra DIes. LVX est hVsbVrgo, IoDoCVs qVanDo nItesCet eCLIpsIs LVCIs NGN erIt VLLa tV.e. phcebVs Vt e CceLo, tV sIC eX Monte nItesCes, VIVe pLaneta soLI steLLVLa VIVe poLI. NGN est aVgVsto n^.VVs DeforMIs In ore, neC LegItVr VIVIs rVga VetVsta genIs. loDoCVs CanVs sIt Crasso eX Corpore sanVs, LVsTRA sIbILL^^ VIVaqVe VInCe De^. hIC abbas DIgnVs, CVr? CVnCtIs aVre benIgnVs CorDeqVe tV pronVs ConsILIoqVe bonVs. POST fVnVs pVro tVa LaVs trabeetVr In aVro ) ^ IoDoCIqVe nItet sIrMate VIsVs honos. /~ proVIDa pro Voto tIbI Vt-sI tVa staMIna CLotho 1 fIXa fVtVra neat, teqVe per astra Vehat. / IoDoCe Maes pr^Late VaLe. = The meaning may thus be rendered : May Hubsburg live long under such a president, and enjoy a long period of rest. May there be light in Husburg tvhen Judocus shall shine, there will be ?io eclipse of thy light. As is the sun in the sky, so wilt thou shine forth from the hill ; live thou as a planet to the sun, as a star in the heavens. There is no unseemly blemish in thy august countenance, ttor is any wrinkle to be seen in thy lively cheeks. May the hoary Judocus be strong, notwithstanding his 1735 1735 1735 1706 1706 1706 1706 1706 1706 1706 1706 1706 THE HEART OF ABBOT DIONYSIUS. stout body, and may est thou overcome the ' lustra of the sibylline goddess.^ The Abbot is worthy, why ? Thou art kiftdly giving audience to every one. Thou art both cordial in feeling and ready with advice. After thy death thy praise will be attired in pure gold, for even now the magnificent dignity of Judocus shines in his official robe. May the provident Clotho, according to thy desire, spin firmly the future threads of thy life, as if she would thereby lift thee to the heavens. Farewell, O Abbot Judocus Maes. The list of abbots commences with the year 1084 ; the name of the abbey appears under various forms of spelling, Hubsburg, Husburg, Huisburg, Hujesburg, Huseburg, Huysburg, etc., etc. 163 ► D THE HEART OF ABBOT DIONYSIUS. lONYSIUS L'ARGENTIER, the forty-fourth abbot of Clairvaux, died at ' Aurea vallis ' (Airvault in France) in 1624 ; his heart was brought to Clairvaux and entombed there, as recorded in the following hexameter and pentameter couplet — ^THERA Mens sVperat L'argentIer, aVrea CorpVs, 1 _ soRs tenet et CLara, Cor sIbI, VaLLe IaCet. j 1624 I XV. THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. ERE is a more extended notice of what was but casually men- tioned at page 162 ante. It is of a book which, up to the time of writing these words, must be regarded as the most astonishing of all known chronogrammatic productions, com- bined as it is with attractive bold printing. The title is as follows, filling the entire page, in black and red capital letters : * Epigrammata Chronico-sacra, SS. Trinitati, Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, B. Marias Virgini sine labe originah conceptse, S. Josepho ejusdem B. M, V. sponso, S. P. N. Benedicto, S. Annoni abbatise GrafFschafttensis fundatori, cgeterisque SS. patronis in caelo, concinnata et dedicata, a Quodam ejusdem abbatiae, ordinis S. Benedicti, professo sacerdote. Accesserunt in fine epigrammata miscellanea. — Colonise Agrippinas. Sumptibus Joan. Jacobi Horst bibliopolse. Anno Domini mdcclxv.' There is an engraved frontis- piece, of which I find no explanation in the book; it is, nevertheless, appropiate to the Benedictine Order, inasmuch as it represents the three rules of the founder — viz., Poverty, Chastity, and Obedience. The accompanying facsimile of the engraving is here introduced because of the supposed rarity of the original, although it displays no chronograms. The discovery of this work is a curious incident in the pursuit of book- hunting, carried on through a period of many years ; and in this matter I speak of the experience of my friend, the Rev. Walter Begley, and in a lesser degree of my own. A copy of the work reached us about six years ago in unbound sheets ; it came from the store of a bookdealer in Germany, who knew not from whence it reached his hands, or how long it had remained in his possession tied up as a parcel. This was our first acquaintance with what we regarded as a wonderful and unique ' find,' though it was suspected, and is now proved, to be an imperfect copy, and probably for that reason it had been put aside. Two years later another bookdealer in Germany offered two copies of the same work. These were at once secured, and thus we each became possessed of one copy, both perfect, and in original paper-covered binding ; we know not of the existence of another copy. Neither the frequent perusal of foreign booksellers' catalogues, nor personal acquaintance with many (See page 164.) i66 THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. foreign libraries, nor the diligent examination of bibliographies, catalogues, and other sources of information at the British Museum library and elsewhere, has thrown any light whatever on this particular book, or afforded any clue to its existence. We had great hope of assistance from one bibliography devoted to record all the published writings of members of the Benedictine Order: 'Historia Rei Literariae Ord. S. Benedicti. Recensuit O. Legipontius. 4 vols. Augustae Vindel., etc., r754,'fol., by M. Ziegelbauer. Unfortunately this work was in print -nine years before the date of our treasure. This led me to inquire of a member of the Order well known in his sphere of literary research ; my question was carefully considered by him and his colleagues, but it led to no discovery about the book or its author. Thus, our researches having proved fruitless, we conclude that copies of the work must be most rare. It is not safe to assert that others do not exist ; no search could be exhaustive, even if every monastic and university library on the Continent were examined, and every private collection overhauled. It is beyond our purpose to speculate further on the cause of this rarity ; but it may be conjectured that only a few copies ever left the printer's hands, and that a conflagration may have consumed all his stock, and that there was no reprint. Such accidents have happened in England and elsewhere. An inspection of the book is enough to establish it as the chef d'ceuvre of chronogrammatic labour. The contents are entirely in Latin, occupying 736 quarto pages, which, with the exception of about 80, are filled with chronogrammatic hexameter and pentameter verses on various subjects and events between the years 1749 and 1764. A careful computation shows that there are in the volume 12,884 metrical lines, which, with a few prose lines, give a total of 6,515 chronograms ! The title-page will admit of this transla- tion : Sacred chro?iogrammatic Epigrams to the most holy Trinity, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, to the Blessed Virgin Mary, conceived without original sin, to St. Joseph her husband, to the holy St. Benedict, our patron, to St. Anno, the founder oj the abbey of Graffschafften, and to other patron saints in heaven ; collected and dedicated by someone who is of the same abbey, a pro- fessed priest of the order of St. Beiiedict. To which are added at the end some miscellaneous epigrams. Printed at Cologne, at the cost of Joan. Jacobus Horst, bookseller, in the year of our Lord 1765. It is singular that the author of this extraordinary work should strive to conceal his name ; his endeavour is partly frustrated by the official ' appro- batio ' and licence to print, which it was needful to obtain before going to press and to insert in the book. The author's identity is gradually exposed in this way : the dedication to Frederic, Archbishop of Cologne, printed on the back of the title-page, is signed by the letter L, near the end of a chronogram of the year 1765, 'pro perennI Ver^e DeVotIonIs tessera DeDICabat — L. ABBAS graffsChafftensIs.' The dedicatory address follows in eight pages of prose and chronogram verse, and immediately following it the 'Approbatio Theologorum' discloses more of the secret. It is in these words : 'Legi Manuscripta '* Epigrammata Chronico-Sacra," a quodam Abbatias Graffschafftensis, Ordinis S. Benedicti, Congregationis Cassino-Bursfeldensis Sacerdote (ut satis hinc inde proditur, in Ordine Primo, ab ipso scihcet Reverendissimo Domino Ludovico Abbate) concinnata : Quae ciim nihil ab THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 167 Orthodoxa fide alienum contineant, imb non solum suavi Poeseos stylo, sed et omnigena devotione atque pietate ad omnia utili abundent, typi beneficio public! Juris fieri dignissima judicavi.' [Officially signed at Deutz on September 18, 1764.] A further 'Approbatio' and 'Censura' next follow; which also praise the work highly, that it contains nothing contrary to the Catholic faith, and that pure religious instruction is conveyed through elegant poetry, calculated to recall people from the vanities of the age, etc. The author is therein again referred to by the name Ludovicus (or Lewis) the Abbot of Graffschafften. Notwithstanding these official disclosures, which he could not help publishing, the author deprecates all parade and mention of his name in the following words and chronogram verses at the end of his preface: 'Lector amice! non sis curiosus Indagator, quis Author sit Chronicorum, sufficiat tibi, quod sit Sacerdos Abbatise Graffschafftensis sive Primus sive ultimus in Ordine, qui se vivum mortuumque Sacrificiis et precibus tuis commendat. ora pro eo, et vale i aVthoreM non qV^re sagaX, pIVs Vtere LIbro, \_ , eXhaVrI DVLCes, qVos parIt, Iste faVos. /" ^^ ^ seD preCor, eXVpera DIVes VIrtVtIbVs annos, \_ , fataqVe sI VenIVnt, L^etVs aD astra VoLa. ]~ ^^ ^ i.e. Header ! my friend, be tiot a curious searcher as to who may be the author of the chronograms ; let it suffice that he is a priest of the abbey of Graffschafften ; whether he be the first or the last in rank, living or dead, he conunends himself to your sacrifices and prayers. Pray for hi?n, — farewell/ O sagacious man, seek not the author ; O pious man, use the book, exhaust the sweet honeycomb which it offers. But, O rich man, I pray thee excel thy years in virtues, and when death comes ascend joyfully to the heavens. It is pretty certain, however, from what may be gathered from the book, and particularly from the occurrence here and there of the initials ' a. g.,' and once of ' L. a. g., that Lewis, the Abbot of Graffschafften, was the author. It is probable, too, that other brethren there contributed some few of the 'epigrams.' So far we have not arrived at the author's name ; that, however, is made known with a near approach to certainty by a paper label on the back of my lastly acquired copy, inscribed, ' Epigramata Lud : Gronau,' in old writing and faded ink. While accepting this as the author's name, I have failed to discover any biographical notice of a person bearing it. The contents of the work are moral and devotional 'epigrams' (perhaps ' poems ' would be the better designation). Some are descriptive of events, others are 'miscellaneous.' They are 133 in number, and run to a greater length than compositions which are generally classed as epigrams. It is explained in the author's preface that he had been for ' forty years and more ' collecting epigrams, which he amplified for publication in the book, still calling them epigrams, 1 68 THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. saying that he knew the signification of the word. Many of them are expositions of Christian faith and doctrine as taught by the Roman Church, and expounded by ancient writers and saints. There are 729 'golden' sentences from the ' De Imitatione Christi,' of which (at page 551) Joannes Gersen, Abbot of Vercelli, is designated as the author, not Thomas a Kempis, the name more familiar to modern readers ; all these are turned into chronogrammatic verse couplets. Litanies and hymns from the Roman breviary are similarly treated, as also are leading circumstances in the lives of eminent saints, especially of St. Benedict, to whose Order the author belonged. To specify each would require almost an extract of the whole book ; a few examples must suffice. As the first in order, 1 take that ancient composition, the ' Confession of our Christian faith, commonly called the creed of Saint Athanasius,' and so named in the English rubric. The Latin sentences of the creed are given, followed by a particular version thereof in chronogram by our author, and signed *a. g.' [Abbas Graffschafftensis], making the date 1 749. For example : EPIGRAMMA PRIMUM. MysterIa ss. trInItatIs, "j eX DoCtrIna s. athanasII eXCerpta V= 1749 VersIbVs eXhIbens. J Anno 1749. These opening verses of the Latin original accompany the chrono- grammatic rendering, as, for example : Quicunque vult salvus esse, ante omnia opus est, ut teneat Catholicam fidem : Quam nisi quisque integram inviolatamque servaverit, absque dubio in reternum peribit. Fides autem Catholica hsec est : ut unum Deum in Trinitate, et Trinitatem in Unitate veneremur. Neque confundentes Personas, neque substantiam separantes, etc., etc. qVIsqVIs Vis saLVVs fIerI, sIne Labe VetVst^ } _ aC DIV^ fIDeI sensa tenenDa tene: j ^'^^^ qYm nIsI CreDIDerIs, VeL Vt InVIoLata reserVes, ^ _ IgnI perpetVg pr^Da sVpIna rVes. )~ ^^^^ TRES sVnt person/E, DeVs est hIC trInVs et VnVs, ) _ VnVs aDoratVr : sIC tenet Vna fIDes. /" ^'"^^ personas neqVe ConfVnDas : sVbstantIa sIMpLeX \ _ VeraqVe personIs est, Latet Vna trIbVs. / ~ ^'^^^ Etc., etc. At page 183 there is a prayer for peace, with an introduction in cabala form, which gives the date 1757, the second year of the Seven Years' War. The key is found in the vowels, which stand for figures according to their natural order. By adding together the sums thus made by each word the date is arrived at. This is a very unusual kind THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 169 of chronogram, if that word can be so applied.^ characteristic extracts : The following are EPIGRAMMA XXXIII. Populorum votis accommodatum. Anno finiente, 1757. I. I 2. 43 2.3. 32 5. 4 3. 531. 4. 2. 135. Da pacem Domine in diebus nostris, quia non est alius, 53. 52. 4. 4 3. 33. 5. 25. 42. 12. qui pugnet pro nobis nisi tu Deus noster. Amen ! aspICe Vota DeVs, popVLVs qVje fVnDIt VbIqVe, ) _ qVI nobIs soLVs nostra petIta UabIs. / " IanVa CLaVDatVr IanI, sat prata bIberVnt sangVInIs effVsI : paX MaL^ rVpta faVe. paX optanDa VenI, VotIsqVe fa Veto bonorVM, NGN VLtra fVso prata CrVore fLVant. Etc. pLanXerVnt, pLangVnt trIstes sVa pIgnora Matres, qVje rapVIt beLLI DIrVs VbIqVe rIgor. pLangIt VterqVe statVs, pLangIt CVM CIVe CoLonVs, ET CresCens IVVenIs pLangIt et Ipse seneX. hostIs VbIqVe fVrens DenVDat frVgIbVs agros, hostIbVs eXosIs spICa DeCora rVIt. oppIDa VastantVr, VIX VLLI parCItVr VrbI, PRESSVrA PATRliE GENS PERONVsTA GeMIt. teMpLaqVe L^DVntVr, tV^ VIX hostIbVs ar^ : nonne profanantVr Vasa fVrore saCra? ConsVLIt aLMa sVo pr^sens VIX VIrgo pVDorI, nI fVgIat, perIIt VIrgInItatIs honor. DeVotVs seXVs non est seCVrVs ab hoste. Is patItVr CasVs Marte fVrente sVos. parCe DeVs popVLIs, tVa sVnt h^C IVsta fLageLLa, seD popVLVs sVppLeX VoCe preCante rogat. sl tVVs hIC popVLVs peCCaVIt, parCe preCantI, tV popVLI MIserens noXIa beLLa fVga. o DeVs In VIrtVte tVa paX fIat VbIqVe ! pLebs tIbI fVnesto sVppLICat ore geMens : MVCro rVbens totIes VAolNiE restItVatVr, et stabILIs popVLos paX reDIVIVa beet. 1757 = 1757 = 1757 --= 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 = 1757 The following ' epigram ' (at page 584) was also composed by the Abbot whilst he was in refuge at Marienthal. It begins : ^ The author introduces the same prayer at pp. 327 and 374 of the book for two other dates. The key to this cabala will be found at another page of this volume— consult the index under ' Treves.' 22 170 THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. )'- EPIGRAMMA XCIX. pLoratVs DeVotVs eX patrIa fVgItIVI, ET In MarI^ VaLLe eXVLIs a.g.i Anno 1762. 24 Septemb. eXVL ego VenIo, VaLLIs VeneranDa MarIte ! eXVLIs et trIstIs Vota VIrago tene ! VIrgo DeI genItrIX ! qVIs te non serVVs aMaret ? sVaVIs es affeCtV sanCta VIrago tVo. eXVL ego VenIo fceDo fVgItIWs ab hoste, sis faMVLI CVstos VIrgo beata tVI. eX C^LIs Mater fLentI sVCCVrre CLIentI : heV ! fVrIt hostIs atroX, CLaVstra fVrore qVatIt. VIrgo tVo VVLtV, pr^sens peto, respICe serVVM, E trIbVLIs tantIs DIVa patrona IVVa ! serVVs VbIqVe geMo, pr^sens sVspIrIa fVnDo : Vota tVI serVI ConsCIa VIrgo foVe! DIVa DeI genItrIX serVI tV sVsCIpe Vota, aC serVo, qV^so, DIVa patrona faVe ! Vera DeI genItrIX MIra VIrtVte nItesCIs; qVIs VIVens CapIet pVra trIbVta satIs ? 6 DVLCIs VIrgo, qVantI tVa Dona faVorTs ! eX te, VIrgo, satIs DIVa fLVenta faVent. The Abbot proceeds further with his prayer in somewhat allusion to Marienthal, the valley of his exile, mentioned prefatory sentence, and concludes thus (on page 585) — HiEC E CorDe tVI serVI noVa Vota resVrgVnt: \_ DIVa DeI genItrIX ara faVorIs aVe ! / " A selection from the Psalms of David, in the Latin version, fills many pages with the same turned into chronogram verses on opposite pages. For example, the following is from page 241 ; it points to the Abbot's apprehensions for the fate of his monastery during a time of war and tumult in Germany — the ' Seven Years' War.' All the chrono- grams make the year 1759. For example — PSALMUM VI. 1. Domine nein furore tuo arguas me, neque in ira tua corripias me. 2. Miserere niei Domine, quoniam infirmus sum. 3. Sana me Domine, quoniam contur- carmine chronico continens. anno 1759 1. absqVe fVrore tVo DeVs argVe,' CorrIpe serVVM, ne, preCor, In noXas s^eVIor Ira fVrat. 2. SpIrItVs iEGROTANS eXCVssIs] VIrIbVs aLget, I seD LVteI serVI tV MIserere | bata mea. sunt ossa tVI. tV DeVs ergo tVo tVa phar- MaCa porrIge serVo, nIL tVrbata sVIs neXIbVsI ossa VaLent. 1762 h 1762 )- 1762 }= 1762 }= 1762 1762 h 1762 \ ) 1762 1_ /- 1762 } = 1762 playful in the 1762 == 1759 1759 = 1759 ^ These are the initials of Abbas Graffschafftensis. THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 171 4. Et anima mea tur- bata est valdb, sed tu Domine usque quo ? 5. Convertere Domine, et eripe animam meam. 6. Salvum me fac, prop- ter misericordiam tuam. 7. Quoniam non est in morte, qui memor sit tui. 8. In inferno autem quis confitebitur tibi? 9. Laboravi in gemitu meo. 10. Lavabo per singulas noctes lectum meum, lachrymis meis stratum meum rigabo. 11. Turbatus est a furore oculus meus. 12. Inveteravi inter omnes inimicos meos. 13. Discedite a me omnes, qui opera- mini iniquitatem : 14. Quoniam exaudlvit Dominus vocem fletus mei. 4. heV ! tVrbata sVo qVatItVr'| Mens ConsCIa n.eVo ! ' AH InfensVs erIs qVo DeVs VsqVe reo ? 5. arCVs LaXetVr, non fVnDant' teLa fVroreM, spIrItVs Vt tVtVs sIt bonI TATE tVa : 6. eX VIrtVte tVa faVeant bona" sCVta saLVtIs serVo, saLVVs erIt te MIser- ente Deo. 7. VIX erIt VLLVs hoMo, qVI) post Data fata reVoLVens Inter Leth^eas te VeneretVr aqVas. 8. seD qVIs In Inferno LaVDIs' tIbI teXet honores? nVLLVs VbI LaVDIs Vera trIbVta feret. 9. VsqVe LaboraVI sIngVLtIbVs ^thera pVLsans, eXtensI DeXtra pLoro pI^qVe geMo. 10. LVna sVas qVotIes VoLVet' sInVosa qVaDrIgas, VotIVo fLetV strata LaVabo Mea. 11. LVMIna sVnt VERfe IVsTO tVr-1 bata fVrore : 6 DeVs ! A fLetV non fVIt VLLa qVIes. 12. pr6 DoLor InsenVI VeLVt HOSTES Inter InIqVos, IVratI VeLVtI qVI Mea fata VoLVnt. 13. pr6! fVgIant oMnes eXosIsI fraVDIbVs hostes, A VVLtV sVbIt6 tVrba sCe- Lesta fVge ! 14. eXaVDIre Deo pLaCVIt sVs- pIrIa fLetVs, qYm prono serVVs fVDerat ore reVs. 1759 1759 1759 = 1759 1759 1759 1759 = 1759 1759 1759 = 1759 172 THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 15. Exaudivit Dominus deprecationem meam, Dominus orationem meam suscepit. 16. Erubescant et con- turbentur vehe- menter omnes ini- mici mei ; 17. Convertantur et eru- bescant vald^ velociter. 15. VoTA preCesqVe DeVs serVI\ respeXIt ab tethra, [ _ sVsCepItserVI VotaprofVnDa| ~ ^^59 DeVs. ) 16. HOSTES tVrbentVr, sVffVnDan-' tVrqVe rVbore, _ qVI MIhI pVgnaCes noXIaj" '759 beLLa parant. 17. oMnes VertantVr, qVI spICVLa] UIra VIbrabant, I _ ET sVbeat VeLoX ora sVperba| '759 rVbor. At page 459 the author gives an imitation, in his adopted hexameter and pentameter verse, of Thomas a Kempis' ' De Imitatione Christi,' already noticed at pages 59 and 147 of this present volume. Here are the first four pages, 42 couplets out of 79 — EPIGRAMMA XCIV. Sententias selectas, ex Libro primo de Imitatione Christi, ejusdem venerabilis abbatis. Carmine Chronico reddens. Anno 1762. 1. oMnIa sVnt orbIs Van Is gengXIa fVCIs, eXVperat qV^eVIs VIta saCrata Deg. 2. EST VanVM, rVtILas eX VnDIs qV^erere gazas, sVnt bona, qV^ pereVnt atqVe VaLgre Carent. 3. est VanVM, VanI tItVLos sI qV^erIs hgngrIs, eXCeLsIqVe statVs Dgna sVperba tVI. 4. est VanVM, fLVXte CarnIs sI fceDa VgLVptas In VotIs fVerIt pcena propInqVa graVIs. 5. est VERk VanVM, LoNO^ViE s^CVLa VIt^e eXoptare : stVDe VIVere serVe bene. 6. EST VanVM, VIt^e pR/ESENtIs teXere CVras : hIC VIVens VIDeas fata fVtVra tIbI. 7. EST VanVM, taCItas nVgas In fIne fVgaCes qV^rere, perpetVIs VIX stVDVIsse bonIs. 8. tV VERk faVstVs, sI VIVVs nIterIs esse, In MortIs I.VCta qVaLIs aDesse VoVes. 9. serVe DeI VIVas, VenIentIs MortIs In hora Vt pIVs eXVLtes, et proCVL esto paVgr. 10. DIsCe MgrI VanIs, te nVgIs eXVe frater, ET ChrIstg VIVas : VIta fVtVra fa Vet. 11. nVnC VIVens DIsCas bene spernere qV^qVe CaDVCa, tVnC VIVes ChrIstg IVnCtIgr Ipse tVg. 12. tV tIbI perMVLtgs CVr VgLVIs nestorIs anngs? ah VlTiE NGSTRiE VIX FAVeT VnA DIeS. 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 1762 THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 173 13. VIVere Vana DIV pLVres spes VsqVe fefeLLIt, "» eX Insperato Mors tVLIt Ipsa VIros. /^ ^"^ 14. qVanDo fa Vet teMpVs VenIentIs ab aXe saLVtIs, \ _ tV tIbI ContInVas qV.ere saLVtIs opes. /~ ^^ 15. MVnera non QViERAS, nIsI qV^ sVnt pLena saLVtIs,^ VnIVsqVe DeI CVra sIt Vna tVI. j ^762 16. ILLVC MItte preCes, preCIbVs ConIVnCta VoVeto 1 VoTA, qVIbVs saLVVs spIrItVs astra Legat. ]~ ^'^ 17. hIC MeLIVs VIVens noXas pVrgare stVDebIs, \_ VeL post pcena noVIs IgnIbVs Vret eas. /~ ^"^ 18. IgnIs eDaX s.EVi;QVE fVrens peCCata VorabIt, 1 qV^ nIsI tV fVgIas, Ira fVtVra Manet. J~ ^^02 19. si peCCas oCVLIs, oCVLI torMenta sVbIbVnt, \_ si taCtV, taCtVs : styX fVrIt Igne feroX. j ^^"2 20. LVXVrIosVs IbI pICeo perfVnDItVr Igne, \_ fceDVs et a stvgIo sVLphVre potVs aDest. j~ ^^ 21. IgnaVVs LVget DIVtVrnIs IgnIbVs VstVs, ) _ LVrConesqVe sItIs torqVet et atra faMes. f^ ^^ 22. InVIDIosVs VbI, CanIs Vt fVrIosVs, habetVr, ) _ bVbo VeLVt Mcerens Igne strepente LVet. ) "" ^^ 23. ConfVnDentVr IbI fVrIbVnDa fronte sVperbI, \ _ tostVs aVarVs IbI fVnIbVs arCtVs aDest. /~ ^702 24. tVnC eXVLtabIt DeVotVs Dote beatVs, \ _ eXLeX trIstItI^ proprIa sIgna DabIt. j^ ^'^ 25. tVnC affLICta Caro pLVs eXVLtare VaLebIt, \_ seD non gaVDet IbI sVaVIbVs aVCta CIbIs. /~ ^^02 26. tVnC habItVs VILIs rVtILo fVLgore CorVsCet, \_ pVrpVra tVnC VILI fVsCa nIgrore Manet. j ~ ^^02 27. tVnC Casa seXCentIs CLaresCet LaVDIbVs Vna, \_ aVLa SED aVrato teXta faVore LVet. }~ ^'^ 28. tVnC pLVs serVILes patIentIa Vera IVVabIt, ] _ non Ita Vane tVos MVnDe IVVare potes. J~ ^^72 29. faVsta braVIa feret sIMpLeX, qVI CVrVVs obeDIt, \ _ NON astVtVs IbI Lmta braVIa geret. j ~ ^'^ 30. eX pVra tVnC Mente tVa noVa gaVDIa sVrgent, \ _ qV.e non eX LIbro pr^Leget arte sophVs. j ~ ^^ 31. tVnC qVI DIVItIas spreVIt, paVperqVe reMansIt, \ eXVperat Vanas, qVas saCrat orbIs, opes. /"' ^"^ 32. DeVotVs tVnC Ista feres soLatIa VIt^, qV^ non eX epVLIs pIngVIbVs haVrIt hoMo. 33. gaVDebIsqVe, tV^ serVata sILentIa LIngV^, rabVLa LaXa neqVIt gaVDIa IVsta Dare. 34. tVnC VIrtVtIs opVs raDIorVM sorte VaLebIt, non Ita sVnt phaLerIs Verba VenVsta tVIs. y= 1762 >= 1762 \= 1762 35. arDVa VIta graVI VeXata rIgore VaLebIt; \_ , non sic, qV^. MagnVs VIna phan^Vs^ aLIt. j ~ ^'^ ^ A mountain in the island of Chios productive of a delicious wine. 174 THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 36. DIVa breVes YItje VeXas patIentIa VInCat, ) _ , Vt saLVVs fIas a graVIore MaLo. j~ ^^02 37. si tVa nVnC VIrtVs neqVeat sVfferre faVILLaM, ) _ , perpetVos, qVID erIt, sVstInVIsse rogos ? j - ^ 7 2 38. hIC tenVI qVanDo VeXa te passIo VInCIt, \_ , o qVID ages, qVanDo styX rabIosa fVret? j ^' ^ 39. VtraqVe VIX orbIs DVrant et gaVDIa ChrIstI, \_ , H^C qVIa Vera patent, Vana seD orbIs erVnt. j. ^'^ 40. si tV VIXIsses nVnC pLenVs honorIbVs orbIs, ) , Ipse VoLVptatVM fceDa fIgVra fores: )~ ^^ ^ 41. qVID tIbI proDesset VIt^e tVa neXa VoLVptas, \_ , qVanDo tV^. VIt/E fILa reCIsa rVent ? j~ ^^ ^ 42. oMnIa Vana sVIs ergo sVnt nIXa rVInIs, \_ , PRATER VIVentI CVnCta VoVere Deo. Etc., etc. j~ ^'^^ The ' miscellaneous ' epigrams are added as an appendix after page 627, with a separate pagination; they are alluded to in the 'dedica- tion ' already quoted. The title-page is as follows : ' i . h . s . Epigrammata chronico-miscellanea, quae pro diversitate temporum musa religiosa, Ducatus Westphalise, Archi-Dioecesis Coloniensis, inter Angarise Montes in Valle Declivi abbatise Graffschafftensis habitans horis vacuis, concepit, et peperit, Coloniae, Ex ofificina Horstiana. 1765.' The epigrams are all in hexameter and penta- meter verse, and are included in the total number already mentioned. In construction they resemble those in the preceding part of the work, though with greater variety. Some of the subjects may be mentioned : Three months' severe winter weather, from the beginning of January to the end of March, when sudden fine weather caused luxuriant growth of vegetation, in 1755; heavy falls of snow in the following May brought destruction ; the terrible earthquake at Lisbon on November i, 1 755, is described; peace is enjoyed after the war in 1756 ; a birthday ode to the Empress Maria Theresa; an ode to the Archduke Maximilian of Austria; an ode to commemorate the recovery of the Archduke Joseph of Austria from an illness of pustules ; another to narrate how the abbey of Graffschafften was, during the war, put under excessive contribution, to be paid to the enemy within fourteen days ; the abbot seeks refuge in the woods on May 15, 1759; the battle of Maxen, when 15,000 Prussians and three generals were taken prisoners on November 21, 1759; on the election of Maximihan Frederic to the archbishopric of Cologne ; the abbot for the fourth time flies to a sylvan retreat in 1762; intense heat prevailed throughout May and until June 8. These and other poems to the number of thirty fill the appendix ; all are composed in chronogram. As an example, here is the last-mentioned one — ' EPIGRAMMA XXIII. Calor intensus per totum Majum usque ad 8vam Junii. Anno 1762. qVIs CaLor eXVrens ^stV noVa graMIna torret, 1 . VIrIbVs Vt prIVet fLorIDa prata sVIs? )~ ^'^ THE ABBOT OF GRAFFSCHAFFTEN. 175 eXVrIt MaIVs fcetVs nVnC frVgIbVs agros : sIrIVs^ ^stIVas panDIt ab aXe faCes.^ sIrIVs aVgVsto potIVs qVIa ConVenIt apte, CVr tenero MaIo noXIVs esse stVDet? MaIVs ab aVsterIs InnVbILVs IgnIbVs arDet, ortVs et eXVstos /EstVs hIVLCat agros. GNARA Ceres frVgVM genItrIX arDore rVbesCIt : eXhaVrIt partVs sIrIVs Igne noVos. DICta Ceres CaLIDa febrI prostrata fatIsCIt hInC pLorat segetes, Igne CaLente, sVas. .EGRA Ceres sItIbVnDa geMIt, pLWIasqVe fVtVras eXpetIt, Vt VIres Lassa rIgare qVeat. fLora VenVsta sItIt pLVVIas, sItIVntqVe nap^^e : eXtIngVIt nyMphas arDor aCVtVs eas. effVnDat pLenas pLVVIosVs aqVarIUs^ Vrnas, aC proMptVs foVeat rVra faVore sVo. effLVXIt MaIVs, pr^sens nVnC IVnIVs arDet, ET rogat, Vt rIVIs arVa rIgata fLVant, The following ' Epiphonema ' terminates the volume — oMnIbVs In rebVs fInIs sIt trInVs et VnVs, qVI DeVs est VerVs, qVI bene CVnCta regIt. qVI bonItate DeVs gressVs aCtVsqVe gVbernet, Vt YItm CVrsVs sIt bene tVtVs. aMen ! Deo patrI, et fILIo, aC spIrItVI sanCto sIt seMper et sIne fIne honor. /- }- 1762 1 1762 1_ 1762 r 1762 1762 1762 V 1762 r 1762 1764 }= The varied contents of the book would lead to more extended extracts ; even they would but imperfectly represent the scope of the work, which is as full of pious teaching as it is of commendable chronograms. The dates marked by the chronograms are generally those of events of varied importance in the time of the Abbot Ludovicus, affording employment of leisure time in his peaceful days, as well as a recreation for him in the days of his exile during the Seven Years' War. I have not discovered any memoir of the abbot or any other work from his pen ; doubtless he wrote much besides. The abbey is mentioned in Migne's ' Encyclopedic Theologique,' vol. xvi. ; and in ' Des Abbayes et Monasteres,' col. 350, to this effect : 'Graff- schafft, an abbey of the Benedictine Order in Westphalia, among the hills in the diocese of Cologne. Founded by Saint Anno, Archbishop of Cologne, about 1072. A monastery celebrated for its learning and science.' ^ Sirius, Hunds-Stern, causare solet.calorem maximum. 2 This chronogram is faulty, in orig. it makes 1767. 3 Aquarius, signum zodiaci, cui attribuuntur pluvise. 1764 1764 XVI. THE SACRAMENT MIRACLE. jj^^^^^, HE Sacrament miracle is an ever-enduring subject among the inhabitants of Belgium, and it has given rise to an immense number of chronograms. A reference to the indexes of Chronograms and Chronograjus Continued will in some degree confirm this remark, and will also lead to some explanations of the event which need not be repeated here. My last acquisition in the literature of the subject is a work which describes in the Flemish language a commemorative festival held in 1770, at the collegiate and parochial church of St. Gudule, at Brussels, four hundred years after the robbery of the sacred Hosts. The work is entitled : ' Vier-honderd-jaerig jubile van het Hoog-weerdig en alderheyligste Sacrament van Mirakel,' etc. By Pater F. J. De Broeck. Printed at Brussels, 1770. Two vols., 8vo., pp. 384 and 309. The first volume has an engraved frontispiece, and twelve indifferent illustrations in the letter-press. I cannot find a copy in the British Museum Library. There are 112 chronograms in the two volumes — viz., 90 in Latin and 22 in Flemish — all making the date 1770. Many of them would be uninteresting apart from the text ; they mostly relate to the event so often described, but not numerically, to the historical or legendary date of it. The following selection will suffice as examples. But, first, we must notice two ingenious anagrams, composed each of 140 letters, on the ' Programma,' composed of words culled from the Gospels (Vulgate version, St. Matt. xxvi. 26, 28 ; St. Mark xiv. 22, 24 ; St. Luke xxii. 19, 20 ; St. John vi. 54-57), which support the Romish doctrine of transubstantiation.^ Observe that the component letters of the words when otherwise arranged compose the two anagrams without any omission or substitution ; the first concisely alludes to the sacrilege committed by the Jews who stole the Hosts, the second hurls a rebuke against Luther and Calvin for holding a doctrine contrary to the Romish. This cannot be held as proof one way or another ; the same letters of the ' programma ' might be arranged to express something quite different from either doctrine. ^ See chapter xi. , pp. 260-282, of vol. ii. of the work under notice. THE SACRAMENT MIRACLE. 177 These anagrams follow immediately after the dedication (* op-dragt ') on pages xiv, xv — Programma. Hoc estenim corpus meum. Hie est enim calix sanguinis mei, novi et aeterni Testamenti, mijsterium fidei, qui pro vobis et pro multis effundetur in remissionem peccatorum. The same letters compose this Anagramma . Ecce continuum hie est miraculum. Judsei, non sine pretio, impiissime tres hostias confoderunt. Sanguis per terram effluxit. Mementote, vobisque Jesum intimfe imprimite. The same letters of the programma compose also a rebuke to Luther and Calvin — Luthere non est panis ; Calvine non est rei figura. Est corpus Dei Optimi Maximi, effuse semetipsum mihi communicantis in cibum, Nosce, quo ritu et mijsterio te reum redemit. The chronograms were mostly displayed among the temporary decorations, as usual at public festivals. The following are selected examples — Vol. i., 12. eUCharIstIa InsIgnIs spIrItUaLIs MeDICIna ;= 1770 't bLoet Van JesUs ChrIstUs Is MeDeCYn = 1770 (The letter Y is to be counted as =2 ; it is so in most Dutch chronograms.) Page 15. VenIte aD Me, qUI LaboratIs, aC oneratI estIs, et ego reCreabo Vos. = 1770 Page 51. DIVenDItUr JUD^:Is CceLI Creator. = 1770 A qUaDrIngentIs annIs saCrILegUs Joannes Van LoVen e saCeLLo sanCt^ CatharIn^e brUXeLLIs, In noCte fraCtIs In fenestra VItrIs, rapUIt bIs qUatUor et oCto ConseCratas hostIas. = 1770 Page 65. eX teMpLo sanCt.'e CatharIn^e Joannes DeI hostIas raptaVIt. ^1770 Page 89. Ipse eUCharIstICUs A perfIDIs bLaspheMatUr. = 1770 Page 134. InterfeCto Jonatha, VIDUa et natUs eJUs Venere brUXeLLas, et ConseCratas hostIas porreXerUnt JUDMs ILLIC CongregatIs. = 1770 Page 189. In saCraMentI hostIIs Vere CoLItUr DeUs. = 1770 Page 191. eX qUIbUs ConseCratIs hostIIs, pUgIonIbUs transfIXIs abUnDanter gUtt^ sangUInIs eManUnt. = 1770 Page 304. JUDICant, pUnIUnt InsIgnes MaLefaCtores. = 1770 Page 342. saCrILegos JUD^egs IgnIs terrenUs Con- sUMpsIt. = 1770 nUnC reI InCenDIUM InfernaLe sentIUnt. = 1770 These two chronograms allude to the punishment of the offending Jews by burning. Vol. ii., page 13. In hostIa VenerabILIs saCraMentI absConsUs DeUs. = 1770 23 178 THE SACRAMENT MIRACLE. CIbUs pIngUIs, et DeLICI.^ regUM ; = 1770 aUstrIaDUM^ perennIs gLorIa aC VICtorIa. = 1770 Page 30. MIraCULosUs DeUs In saCrIs hostIIs : ^ 1770 eCCe qUaM bonUs popULo DeUs ! -- 1770 DIVIna h^eC MaJestas a nobILIbUs CoronatUr. = 1770 Page 39. trIbUs hostIIs ConCLUDItUr oMnIpotens. = 1770 LaUDate eUM In trIbUs ConseCratIs hostIIs. = 1770 Page 130. HiERETlCI InstrUMenta DIaboLICa fUkrUnt. = 1770 Page 160. H/EretICI sUnt Vere DeI, regIs, atqUe LegIs ConteMptores. = 1770 Page 214. penItUs DebeLLastI saLVator InIMICos tUosj= 1770 ULtor DeUs feCIstI MIrabILIa soLUs ! = 1770 Ita h^retICI, rebeLLes Deo, hUMILIabUntUr. = 1770 Page 259. MIrabILTs eUCharIstICUs DeUs, = 1770 ChrIstUs Fife aDoratUr In VenerabILI saCraMento. = 1770 In saCra hostIa ChrIstUs Latet, MUnDI VIta. = 1770 Page 282. h.^retICUs UtI CanIs LatrabIt; MorDere Vero non poterIt. = 1770 eUCharIstI^ De h/eretICIs pLane trIUMphUs, = 1770 aC brUXeLLarUM spLenDor. = 1770 Page 297. The next alludes to the finding of the 'Hosts' un- decayed, where they had been hidden for four hundred years, as appears in the narrative — i.e., four hundred years before the time of the festival in 1770 — aDoro te DeVotI: absConsa DeItas, 1 sUb panIs speCIe, JesU LatItas. j '' qUaDrIngentIs s^CULIs InCorrUpt^ Manent hostile. = 1770 According to the history, three Jews who were implicated in the robbery and desecration were burnt at the stake, as represented in the engraving at vol. i., page 306. The three stolen ' Hosts,' or wafers, were recovered from the robbers, and at a subsequent time of tumult were hidden away for safety among the rafters of the roof of St. Gudule's Church, in a place known only to one person, on whose death the secret was lost. The same * Hosts,' showing the marks of desecration, are still preserved at the church, and are held in great veneration. They are figured on an engraving in vol. ii. ^ CORPUS CHRISTI. THIS is the subject of a tract in a series of religious poems, mostly in German, in honour of St. Thomas Aquinas, who in 1262 drew up a service to be used when the Pope declared the universal ^ Alluding lo the Emperor, the Austrian Sovereign of the Netherlands. CORPUS CHRISTI. observance of the Corpus Christi festival. Chronograms in Latin appear on nearly every page ; many of them a]:)ply to the saint. These are especially personal to him ; the first only marks his own date — thoMas, IVbar aqVInatICVs nasCItVr. DIVVs eCCLesI^ Doctor aqVInatICo, angeLICVs In\_ VIta LVX noVa VrbIs et orbIs. Io ! / " thoMas ChrIstI transVbstantIatI aCrIs Defensor. = Id! thoMas DeCor, et IVbar CastItatIs Ingens. =-- The total number of chronograms is sixty-three, of which four only are in German. The tract is composed with much care, though the immediate occasion for it does not appear. It is very rare ; the only copy I know of belongs to the Rev. W. Begley. ■$*^. A tract, pp. 42, 4to., by Sebastian Neimeir, printed at Munich, 1710, is chiefly a panegyric on St. Thomas Aquinas, the 'angelic doctor.' The words which occupy the page preceding the title are printed so as to represent in outline the form of a pyx or monstrance, bearing the engraved mark ©, the 'Salutaris Hostia,' in the centre; the words indicating that purpose and meaning form five chronograms of the date 17 10. The title-page begins thus — CHRONOGRAPH ICUM. appLaVsVs eVCharIstICo-festIVVs, "j ChrIsto IesV Deo transVbstantIato, \ = a DoCtore angeLICo eIVs Vero zeLatore pIe IntonatVs.J The title continues on in German to explain the purpose of the work, its application to the festival of Corpus Christi, and the help originally rendered by the saint at the institution of that festival in 1262-64. The authorship and the imprint of the book thus appear at the con- clusion of the title-page — A saCraMentI eVCharIstI^e InDIgno presbytero, = aCCeDente approbatIone et perMIssIone sVperIorIs. = Dat^ tvpIs k offICIna MonaCensI straVbIana. = And at the end of the dedication the author signs his name as- p. sebastIanVs neIMeIr, pr^eDICator CastrensIs. )- 179 1224 1710 1710 1710 1710 1710 1710 1710 1710 THE RELICS OF SAINTS A T ANTWERP. A JUBILEE festival, with processions in honour of the relics of 36 saints preserved in churches at Antwerp, was held in that city in the year 1771. A tract in the Flemish language describing it, i8o THE RELICS OF SAINTS AT ANTWERP. and the associated chronograms, will be found in Chronograms Continued^ page 582. A century earlier a similar festival was held in that city, accompanied by greater splendour and pomp, as appears from a book which came into my possession after the printing of the present volume commenced. The book is in two parts ; the first bears this title : ' Tractatus praevius de antiquissima Sacrarum Reliquiarum veneratione ab ipsis mundi exordiis, per continuam in Ecclesia successionem usque ad nostra tempora deducta ac demonstrata per F. Franciscum Diericx, Ord. Cisterc, Monasterii S. Salvatoris abbatem. Cui accedunt VIII. Ex- travagantia in honorem S. Benedicti legislatoris et S. Scholasticse abbatissse, sororis ejusdem concinnata.' Printed at Antwerp, 1674. — The second part bears this title : ' Fides et traditio Sacrarum Reli- quiarum XXXVI. eminentium Sanctorum quae publicse Christi- fidelium venerationi exponuntur in Ecclesia S. Salvatoris Antverpise : demonstrata a D. F. Francisco Diericx dictae ecclesiae ordinis Cisterc, abbate. Cui accedunt VII. Psalmi Confessionales seu Poenitentiales D, Antonii, per quem mediate SS. Reliquiarum thesaurus ad prsefatam ecclesiam devenit' Printed at Antwerp, 1674. I give the titles at full length, believing the book to be a very rare one ; a copy of it does not appear in the British Museum library catalogue. The book is of small 8vo. size, with about 740 pages, all in the Latin language. There is an engraved frontispiece, showing a celestial assemblage above and earthly saints below, one of whom holds a shield charged with the heraldic arms of Antwerp. This chronogram heads the engraving — InsIgnes Ist^ reLIqVI^ antVerpIensIVM beneDICtIo. = 1674 It is not my purpose to remark on the veneration of relics, or to define the difference between veneration and worship which various minds may recognise. The author endeavours to establish the veneration and worship of, and the genuineness and efficacy of relics from the patriarchal period of the world's written history, relying much on the ' Extravagantia ' (or uncanonic evidences of the Benedictines) in a manner satisfactory, at least, to himself. In the second part the author treats of the relics of 36 saints preserved at Antwerp, which were exposed to view and carried in processions of the ecclesiastical dignitaries and clergy in that city. Special reference is made to the ' Diploma ' of the Bishop of Lisbon, Joannes Alvarez de Lusana, as a conspicuous authority on the subject. With much respect towards the sentiment of the author, my purpose is to bring into notice the chrono- grams which accompany the description of the proceedings, commencing at page 242 of the second part of the book. The pomp and ceremony began on August 7, 1672. Trumpets and drums and the ringing of bells invited all persons to behold the procession, led by acolytes carrying a flag inscribed — HiC LaVs VIDVarVM, = 1672 followed by a chariot, with the figures of three widow saints : I. St. Elizabeth, Princess of Hungary, inscribed — eLIsabeth VerVM rVngarI^e DeCVs. = 1672 THE RELICS OF SAINTS AT ANTWERP. iSr 2. St. Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal, inscribed — eLIsabeth InsIgnIs prInCIpVM seDatrIX. = 1672 3. St. Felicitas, the mother of seven martyred sons, inscribed — ■ feLICItas eXIMI^ fortItVDInIs. = 1672 4. St. Gertrude, *ab Oosten Beginae sacratissimaquinque crucifixi stigmata in corpore gestantis,' inscribed — gertrVDIs speCVLVM VIt^. = 1672 Their relics were carried by four PP. Minimis S. Francisci de Paula. The second, a triumphal chariot of the penitents was preceded by a flag carried by a leader of noble birth, inscribed — e CceLo DVX pcenItentIVM. = 1672 In the chariot were figures of ' Poenitentes ad Deum converses ' — 1. St. Josaphat of India, inscribed — losoPHAT CLarVs InDorVM reX. = 1672 2. St. Maria of Egypt, inscribed — MarIa LVXVrL'e Castra Deserens. r= 1672 3. St. Pelagia, ' the sinner,' inscribed — peLagIa eX IMpVra Deo Con Versa. =^ 1672 4. St. Margaret of Cortona, a penitent, and most devoted to the poor, inscribed — Margaretha De Cortona paVperIbVs opItVLatVr. = 1672 Their relics were carried by four PP. Capucins. The third, a triumphal chariot of the monastic virgins, was pre- ceded by a flag thus inscribed — DILeCtIssIMVs VIrgTnItatIs sponsVs. = 1672 In the chariot were figures, apparently living, of — 1. St. Scholastica, sister of St. Benedict, inscribed — " sChoLastICa steCVLVM proCVLCaVIt. = 1672 2. St. Juliana, from whose Divine revelation the festival of Corpus Christi was instituted, inscribed — IVLIana eVCharIstI^ DeVotIssIMa. (sic.) = 1671 3. St. Lutgardis, ' cruentem Christi latus exsugens,' inscribed — LVtgarDIs sponsI aMpLeXV L.eta. ■■= 1672 4. St. Christina vere Mirabilis, appropriately inscribed — DIVa ChrIstIna VIrgo VERfc MIrabILIs. = 1672 Their relics were carried by four ' PP. Beggardorum ' of St. Francis. The fourth, a triumphal chariot of virgin saints and martyrs, was preceded by a flag inscribed — DeLeCtabItVr In VIrgInItatIs trIVMpho. = 1672 In it were figures, as if living, of I. St. Thecla, a disciple of St. Paul the apostle, inscribed — theCLa Ignes, angVes taVrosqVe DoMVIt. = 1672 i82 THE RELICS OF SAINTS AT ANTWERP. 2. St. Agatha, martyr, visited in prison and cured of tortures by a vision of St. Peter, inscribed — VenIstI aD Me CVrare VVLnera. = 1672 3. St. Dorothea, martyr, inscribed — Dorothea ILLVstre hortVLanorVM IVbar. = 1672 4. St. Csecilia, martyr, inscribed — C/eCILIa eXCeLLens CantorVM CapVt. = 1672 Their relics were carried by four PP. of the Augustine order. The fifth triumphal chariot was preceded by a flag inscribed — VoLVlMVs De CrVore regIo. = 1672 In the chariot were life-like figures of 1. St. Catharine, martyr, inscribed — CatharIna LVX MVnDI. - 1672 2. St. Agnes, martyr, inscribed — DIVa AGNES VIrgo MartYrqVe InCLYta. = 1672 3. St. Barbara, appropriately inscribed — Certa LVX MorIbVnDIs. = 1672 4. St. Cunera, martyr, inscribed — CVnera InVIDa ManV strangVLata. = 1672 Their relics were carried by four Carmelite priests. The sixth triumphal chariot was preceded by a flag, carried by a leader on horseback, inscribed — DVX ConfessorVM In gLorIa. ^ 1672 In the chariot were ' exquisite ' figures of four of the most renowned confessors — 1. St. Yvo, the patron of advocates, inscribed — YVo LaVs aDVoCatorVM. = 1672 2. St. Alexius, a Roman noble, most chaste, inscribed — aLeXIVs ConIVgeM Deserens. = 1672 3. St. Roch,^ a help in the Plague, inscribed — roChVs In LVe aDIVVaMen. = 1672 4. St. Hyacinthus, ' parturensium patronus,' inscribed — hYaCInthVs partVrIentIbVs L^tItIaM Dat. := 1672 Their relics were carried by four * PP. Minoritis Recoil. S. Fran- cisci.' The seventh triumphal chariot was preceded by a leader carrying a flag, inscribed — hIC DVX gLorIa abbatVM. = 1672 In the chariot were seen the life-like figures of sanctified abbots — 1. St. Benedict, the great patriarch, inscribed — beneDICtVs PRyEsVLVM IVbar. = 1672 2. St. Maurus, abbot, his disciple, inscribed — MaVrVs Vera obeDIentIa CLarVs. = 1672 ^ This saint is mentioned at another place in the present volume, see index. THE RELICS OF SAINTS AT ANTWERP. 183 On his right was St. ^gidius, abbot, inscribed — ^gIDIVs VenatorVM teLo ConfossVs. = 1672 On his left St. Hathebrand, abbot, in Friesland, inscribed — hathebranDVs speCVLVM Ver^ pIetatIs. = 1672 Their relics were carried by PP. Predicatores ord. S. Dominici. The eighth triumphal chariot was preceded by an equestrian leader, with a flag inscribed — DVX MartIrIo eLVCet. = 1672 In the chariot were ' elucentes et quasi rediviva imagines ' of saints, bishops, and martyrs — r. St. Ignatius of Antioch, the disciple of St. John the Apostle, being torn by lions at Rome, inscribed — DIsCerptVs sVM VngVe LeonIs. = 1672 2. St. Blasius, bishop and martyr, patron of persons much afilicted with diseases, inscribed — bLasIVs LangVIDorVM saLVs. = 1672 3. St. Adrian, martyr, the inscription referring to his glorious death — aDrIanVs nataLI^ hortatIbVs MartYr effICItVr. = 1672 4. St. Placidus, abbot of the Benedictine order, inscribed — pLaCIDVs IVbente tYranno MartYrIsatVr. == 1672 Their relics were carried by four canons of the abbey of St. Michael, of the Prsemonstratensian Order. The ninth chariot, accompanied by the noise of trumpets, was preceded by a leader carrying a flag inscribed — IsTE apostoLICorVM DVX. = 1672 In the chariot were to be seen figures of one real apostle, and three men truly apostles — 1. St. Bartholomew, inscribed — barthoLoMveVs DVX ChrIstI. = 1672 2. St. Augustine, the apostle of England, inscribed — aVgVstInVs angLIarVM DeCor. ^ 1672 3. St. Anselm, filled with apostolic zeal, inscribed — anseLMVs fIDVs CANxVARlyE tVtor. = 1672 4. St. Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, a truly great man, inscribed — sanCtVs paVLInVs serVos reDIMens. = 1672 Iheir relics were devoutly carried by four ' Domini assistentes ' abbots. Here the chronograms cease ; but the procession was prolonged by other triumphal cars bearing emblematical groups and decorations, accompanied by the magistrates, clergy, and important personages. The description of them would much prolong this extract. On the following days, August 8th and 9th, there were pubHc religious and special disputations about the 36 saints chronogram- matically described, arranged according to the following list — i84 THE RELICS OF SAINTS AT ANTWERP. trIgInta seX MIrabILIbVs DeI sanCtIs : = 1672 1. gertrVDI VVLnera ChrIstI sIbI IMpressa portantI, = 1672 2. MaVro abbatI, Vero apVD gaLLIa Vrbes apostoLo, = 1672 3. agnetI In IVVentVte gLorIoso MartYrIo DeCorat^, = 1672 4. IgnatIo epIsCopo MartYrIqVe LeonIbVs DepVtato. = 1672 5. bLasIo PRyEsVLI atqVe MartYrI LangVIDos sanatI. = 1672 6. AGATHA qVIntIanI Vbera DILaCerantIs barbarIeM\ _ , argVentI, /- ^^72 7. Dorothea VIrgInI CiESAR^ENsI, fLorIstarVM IVbarI, = 1672 8. sCHoLASxICiE, In CoLVMBiE speCIe C^LestIs regIonIs) _ ^ aXes penetrantI, / ~ ^ '^ 9. Margareth^ De Cortona paVperIbVs hILarI spIrItV\_ , assIstentI, j ^ ^^ 10. beneDICto abbatI, VIt^ gratIa atqVe noMIne) _ . VenerabILI, \ ~ ^ '^ 11. MarI^ ^gYptIaC^ Long^Va pcenItentIa noXas\_ . DetergentI. /"" ^ '^ 12. IVLIan^, VenerabILIs festI CorporIs ChrIstI In\_ . eCCLesIa proMotrICI, J ~ ^^'^ 13. anseLMo epIsCopo CantVarIensI, eCCLesI^ IVra\_ , LIBERA CoNSErVaNtI, / ~ ^ ' 14. YVonI aDVoCatorVM InsIgnI fLorI, =1672 15. aVgVstIno apVD angLI^ popVLos Magno apostoLo, = 1672 16. CVner^ MartYrI proDIgIose In stabVLo InVent^e, = 1672 17. LVtgarDI VIrgInI ChrIstVM strIngentI, = 1672 18. paYLIno antIstItI CIVes serVos reDIMentI, = 1672 19. eLIsabeth^ pliE regIn^ prInCIpVM rIXas seDantI, = 1672 20. aLeXIo sICVt peregrIno In DoMo patrIs habItantI, = 1672 21. CHRlsTlNiE In VIta sVa VERfc aDMIrabILI, = 1672 22. hathebranDo fLeXIs genIbVs s^pIssIMk In oratIone) _ ^ pernoCtantI, /~ ^ '^ 23. hYaCIntho sVper aqVas aDMIrabILIter eVntI, -- 1672 24. roCho hoMInIbVs pestILentIa DetentIs sVbVenIentI, = 1672 25. barthoLoM^o apostoLo InDIas In LegIbVs IesV\_ , InstrVentI, }~ ' 26. MoYsI, eX Latrone ConfessorI, VnI Deo Inh/erentI, = 1672 27. iEGlDIo, CerVa nVtrIente, In sYLVa ManentI, = 1672 28. aDrIano, nataLIa eXhortante, IesV ChrIstI noMen\ _ , profItentI. /"" ^ '^ 29. THECLyE VIrgInI VarIa torMenta, Deo propItIo\_ . sVperantI, J ^ 30. pLaCIDo s^eVI pIrat^ IVssV MartYrIzato, = 1672 31. peLagI^e peCCatrICI, eX antIoChensI pr^DICatIone,"^ _ ^ Deo ConVers^, j ~ ^ '^ 32. CeCILI^e tertIo seCVrI ICt.e, In CceLVM eVoLantI, = 1672 33. feLICItatI pVeros aD MartYrI a eXhortantL = 1672 34. CatharIn^ De qVInqVagInta phILosophIs trIVMphantI, = 1672 THE RELICS OF SAINTS AT ANTWERP. 185 35. losAPHAT regI, sVasIonIbVs barLaaM, ChrIsto Deser-\ _ . VIentI, /~ '^ 36. BARBARA saCraMenta postVLantes eXaVDIentI. = 1672 assertIones seqVentes ConseCrat sChoLa theoLogICa\_ ^ MonasterII sanCtI saLVatorIs antVerpI.e. j~ ^ '^ As there are no chronograms in the 'assertions ' alluded to in the last of the foregoing sentences, and as the seven ' confessional psalms ' (alluded to in the title-page) found in the writing-desk of Anthony, King of Portugal, are destitute of chronograms, it is needless to extract more of the contents of the curious and learned book written in the defence of relic worship. This King of Portugal, son of King Emanuel, and Prior of Crato, in Portugal, came to the throne by popular acclamation rather than by hereditary right in 1580. Philip II. of Spain, under the belief that Anthony was illegitimate, and irritated that the people should place him on the throne, made war in the same year and deposed him, and united Portugal to his other dominions. Anthony fled to France, Holland, and England in search of help, and died at Paris in 1595, at the age of sixty-four, leaving his son Emanuel, who became possessor of the relics. The book relates how the relics came into the possession of King Emanuel and then of Anthony, whose son, Don Emanuel, seeing that the troublesome times rendered property insecure, took upon himself, on May 17, 1633, the duty of fulfilling the intention of King Emanuel, and gave the relics to the monastery of St. Salvador, at Antwerp, in the presence of the highest official persons of Brabant and the city, declaring them to be ' true and genuine.' In support of this declaration a list of the 36 relics is cited, made by King Anthony, and signed and sealed by him, in which they are enumerated and specified as a bone, a rib, a dorsal spine, an arm, or even a fragment of bone of each saint by name, all having been kept in his own private chapel at Lisbon. The Belgian cities were noted for the splendour of their civic and religious festivals, and perhaps the wealthy city of Antwerp may be regarded as the chief in that respect. The function, as described in honour of the relics of the 36 saints, must have been one of the most imposing of the religious processions in which chronograms played a prominent part. 24 XVII. SOME SAINTS ST. NONNOSUS. THICK quarto volume in the British Museum (press mark 1 1 24, h. 6) contains an account of a Church festival held at the ancient episcopal see of Freising, near Munich, in the year 1709, in honour of St. Nonnosus, whose bones were discovered in the crypt of Freising Cathedral, after an interval of four hundred years. The place of their burial had been forgotten for that time, or longer. He was abbot of the Benedictine monastery, San Silvestro, on Mount Soracte, near Orvieto, in Italy, and suffered martyrdom some time about the ninth or tenth century. An engraved frontispiece represents him as the adopted patron saint of Freising, and eight prolix preachings in German recount his virtues and miracles. Pictorial representations of the saint's tomb and certain emblematical subjects were publicly exhibited on the occasion, with verses and laudatory chronograms. Forty-two of the latter are recorded, which would otherwise have been lost and forgotten when the decorations were removed out of the way. The title-page of that portion of the volume now under our notice is composed entirely in chronogram, which, with all the other chronograms, make 1709, the date of the festival. It is as follows — *sanCto nonnoso POST qVaDrIngentos annos MIrIfIC^ reperto. poEsIs ChronoLogICa honorIbVs sanCtI nonnosI abbatIs POST qVIngentos qVaDragInta aLIqVot annos faVentIbVs sVperIs pLaVDente patrIa InVentI, ConseCrata. Typis Joannis Christian! Caroli Immel Typogr : Episc: Frising, 17 10.' 1709 ► = 1709 SAINT NONNOSUS. 187 'Varia chronostica stylo soluto et ligato concepta. Notandum S. Nonnosus postquam ultra quatuor ssecula sepultus (nemine sciente sepulturas locum), in crypta cathedralis Frisingensis ecclesise jacuit, tandem repertus, et in publicam lucem et venerationem productus est. Alludunt itaque haec omnia symbola ad tumbam, in qua S. Ossa tam diu ignorata latuerunt, et ad solennissimam festivitatem, qua nunc eadem universus populus veneratur.' A few extracts will suffice — ORA PRO nobIs, o DILeCtIssIMe pr.es VL. = 1709 reDIt e LongIs CLarIor VMbrIs. = 1709 gLorIa sIt sanCto nonnoso ^terno patrono In MVnDo)^ _ ET ISTO ET aLtERO. j~ ^7°^ sanCte nonnose, aDesto nobIs tVo patrdCInIo teMpore^ PESTlS. /= '709 fIDeLIssIMe pr^sVL soraCtensIs. = 1709 frIsIngaM Contra InCenDIa pr^serVa. = 1709 DIVI nonnosI CorpVs, thesaVrVs V. s^eCVLIs absCon-] DItVs, reperItVr, atqVe transfertVr a Iganne franCIsCo[= 1709 epIsCopo. J A short notice of St. Nonnosus may be seen in Zedler's universal 'Lexicon' (xxiv. 1252). All that is known about him is set forth in the 'Acta Sanctorum ' (xli., p. 410 c. ; also pp. 412-439). His remains seem to have been removed from Soracte after the destruction or abandonment of the monastery, and at length were deposited at Freising ; they were again found on January 27, 1708, as described at page 421. There is no mention of him in Butler's ' Lives of Saints.' ■***■ ST. JOHN OF NEPOMUK. ST. JOHN OF NEPOMUK has frequently been under our notice, as may be seen on reference to my former volumes, Chronograms (pp. 80, 85, 170-182) and Chronograms Continued (pp. 426 and 432). He is still a very popular saint in Bavaria ; statues and chapels are frequently to be seen erected to his honour, especially on or near bridges. It is believed that he is the patron protector of those structures. He was thrown from the bridge over the river Moldau, at Prague, in the year 1383, from the arch where stands a large and graceful bronze statue of him. Thirty statues and groups of saints of colossal size stand on this fine bridge, which was built about the year 1357, and partially broken down by the floods in September, 1890 ; his own statue fell with the ruin, but it has been since restored. A festival held at Troppau, in Silesia, in honour of this saint in 1731, is described in a Latin tract (folio size, 17 pages) by an association who subscribe the preface as ' Sodalitas Nepomucena Neostadii Moravorum congregata.' As usual on such occasions, triumphal arches and other ornamental structures were put up in and about the parish church, decorated with pictures and emblematical devices, with a profusion of i88 SAINT JOHN OF NEPOMUK. chronogram inscriptions in hexameter and pentameter verse, all making the date of the festival 1731. The chronograms by themselves are not interesting ; so much of their meaning is derived from their association with the pictures, that a separation of one from the other leaves both in want of explanation. The tract concludes with a mention of some of the miracles attributed to the power of the mortal remains of the saint ; each miracle is briefly alluded to by chronogram, followed by a leonine couplet to explain the allusion, and as a part of the inscribed decorations. They are curious in their way ; the date, however, is that of the festival, not that of the miracles, which belong to the fourteenth century. The title fills two pages boldly printed ; it commences thus : ' L.J.C. Gloriosa triumphantis silentiarii pro sacratissimi poenitentiae sigilli custodia magnanimi Christi athletse honoris et famae custodis divi proto-martyris Joannis Nepomuceni in sacro palatio coronatse reginse martyrum Mariae Neapoli Moravorum peracta honoris coronatio. Seu compendiosa synopsis exhibens octiduanam canonicae apotheoseos Joanneae festivitatem,' etc. — Printed at Troppau, 1732. The subject contains 134 chronograms, mostly in hexameter and pentameter verse, all making the date 1731. The miracles are thus mentioned — 1. De MortUa pUeLLa ope sanCtI JoannIs VIt^| _ restItUItUr. / ~ Sanctus sanavit, quam vita haec unda privavit, P'elix restituit, lympha quod abripuit. 2. DIVUs nepoMUCenUs ope sUa tabesCentes artUs sanat. Dextrae diffusum perfectum reddidit usum, Ars nepomuca levat, quod medicina negat. 3. In pestIfera LUe, saLUbrIs eXstItIt MeDICUs. Dira lues sistit, vis Sancti quando resistit, Divus quando favet, pestis acerba pavet. 4. In InCenDIo aUXILIUM tULIt. Nascitur ignitus, flammasque domare peritus. Vis ignita perit, quam tua Sancte ferit. 5. VeXatos graVI DoLore oCULorUM sanat. Aufert moerores varios, oculique dolores Liberat et suavi more, dolore gravi. 6. VIsUM CceCIs DIVUs Joannes restItUIt. Corporis amissum confert, in corpore visum, Nox coeca abscedit, luxque petita redit. 7. InfceCUnD^ IpsIUs potentI sUbsIDIo fceCUnDantUr. Fructu infoecundae per Eum recreantur abunde Hie dum imploratur, fructus ab axe datur. 8. fceMIn^ aLIas partU DIffICILes faUst^ enIX^e sUnt. Partus ingratos hie Sanctus reddit amatos, Fit partus suavis, qui fuit ante gravis. 1731 SAINT JOHN OF NEPOMUK. 189 9. VIDU/'E PRO VoTO annULtUM a C^sare proCUrat, Desertae pronus viduae Pater, estque Patronus, Huic fert mandatum Csesaris ipse, datum. 10. CorDa DIVIsa Vero CharItatIs fceDere JUnXIt, Livor disjunxit mentes, Hie fcedere junxit, Has livore privans, l^rmo et amore ligans. 11. reUM ope sUa eX CarCere eXpeDIt. Hie reus erupit, cui Sanctus vincula rupit, Sic virtute pia panditur apta via. 12. pIUs et fIDeLIs eXstat faMa perICLItantIbUs patron Us Secretb clama, si sis tibi conscia fama, Audit, et in coelis scit, quid habere velis. This tract is in the library of Rev. W. Begley ; I do not know of another copy. I refer to my volume, Chronograms^ 1882, for other particulars relating to the saint ; also to Butler's ' Lives of the Saints/ and to the ' Acta Sanctorum,' both at the calendar date of May 16. Refer to the indexes of Chronograms and Chronograms Continued for numerous other chronograms relating to this saint. "***• ST. HUBERT. OF this saint it is recorded that he was born of noble lineage, and passed his youth in courtly society. Also he is said to have been passionately addicted to hunting, and, according to the legend, he one day encountered a stag in the forest bearing a crucifix between its horns. According to the narrative of fact, he renounced sport and all worldly pursuits, devoting his life to the performance of noble and charitable deeds. He abolished idolatry, and established Christianity in the ' remote and barbarous ' country of the Ardennes, in Brabant. His history thenceforth may be read in the ' Acta Sanctorum ' and Butler's ' Lives of Saints,' under his calendar date, November 3. On the death of Lambert,^ Bishop of Li^ge, Hubert was appointed as his successor, and his career is related in a rare 4to. volume, printed at Brussels, entitled, 'Vita sanctissimi confessoris et pontificis Huberti denati in Vura Ducum,' etc. The title-page bears no date. The volume consists of 68 pages. It was designed to record a jubilee festival held on the one thousandth anniversary of his death. A handsome frontispiece engraving represents him in episcopal costume, standing on the verge of a forest, holding a crozier, his hunting-horn discarded and his dogs idle ; in the distance is represented the legend of the stag and a church spire. He died at the dedication of the church at Fur in the year 730. Sixty-one chronograms are scattered ^ He was barbarously murdered in the year 681. I go SAINT HUBERT. through the book, all making the date 1730, except two on the half- title page, which mark the year of his death — DVX hVbertVs hoC anno sanCtVs. = 730 transIIt aD sVperos ILLVCens VIrtVtIbVs. = 730 The frontispiece bears the following, which mark the place (but not the date) of his last episcopal act — HoC tUtore, VUra DUCUM^ faVsta. = 1730 HoC faUtore, VUra DUCUM tUta. = 1730 The following are some of the appropriate chronograms — ab annIs MILLe eX VIta DIsCessIt hVbertVs. = 1730 six VoX DoMInI VoCantIs, et CerVos pr^parantIs, = 1730 VoX ILLIC6 aDMIssa hUbertI VenantIs; = 1730 CerVUM VenanDo Venator VoCatUr, = 1730 VoCI MoX obeDIens, JUstIfICatUr. = 1730 sanCtVs hVbertVs DVCtor VenatorVM : = 1730 Vere DVX ET Venator peCCatorVM. = 1730 DUX LaMbertUs, et pr^sUL saCratUs : = 1730 HoC DUCe hUbertUs Ver^ MUtatUs. = 1730 PRiEsUL LaMbertUs CaDIt, e VIVIs abrIpItUr. = 1730 hUbertUs successor MartYrIs InDUItUr. = 1730 pontIfeX faCtUs InDIes DeVIos DoCUIt; = 1730 proVeXIt LUMen ethnICIs, et fIDes fLorUIt ; = 1730 MUnDo In obsCUrIs tenebrIs ILLUXIt, = 1630 VerItateM DoCUIt, ethnICos InstrUXIt ; = 1730 Ut lux MIrIs raDIIs CLarUIt, = 1730 LIngUa eXIMIa C^eLo DIgnUs parUIt. = 1730 VUra In gaUDIo CoLIt JUbIL^UM, = 1730 qUo hUbertUs In L^tItIa IVIt aD CeLUM. = 1730 Some miracles are attributed to him or his relics — eCCe gratUs Deo, hUbertUs thaUMatUrgUs. = 1730 The signature at the end of the dedication of the volume, P. Willemaers (Pastor in Vura Ducum), may be taken as the author's name. ST. ROCH. THE hfe of St. Roch can be studied in the Bollandists' 'Acta Sanctorum ' (vol. xxxvii., pp. 380-415). A brief notice of him is given also in Butler's 'Lives of Saints,' under the date August 17. He was born of noble family at Montpellier (Mons Pessulanus), in France, late in the thirteenth century. He is chiefly known for his ^ Vura Ducum is the old Latin name of the town now known as Fur, or Fervuein. 5^7iVT ROCH. 191 benevolence among the poor during the time of a raging pestilence, until he himself fell sick, and, being unable any longer to help others, was shunned and abandoned by the world ; then he crawled away to the forest, where a dog seems to have been his only companion and friend. He was honoured chiefly in France and Italy, where pictures of him hang in numerous churches, representing him as pointing to the plague-spot on his thigh, with his dog beside him. He died about the year 1327. A brotherhood of St, Roch was instituted at Brussels, where a fiftieth year jubilee thereof was held in April, 1782, and was commemorated in a contemporaneous pamphlet of eight pages, 4to. size, printed there, entitled, ' Jaer-schriften ten opsighte van den vyftigh- jaerighen Jubile, Van het Broderschap van den H. Rochus, die geviert word in de Kerke der EE. PP. predikheeren binnen Brussel op den 28 April, ende de seven volgende daghen, 1782.' In it are recorded that circumstance and some events of his career in short sentences, composed entirely as chronograms, twenty-nine in number, not, however, giving the saint's dates, but only the date of the jubilee year. A legend of the saint tells that his dog brought to him heaven- sent food in his forest retreat; the chronogram numbered 18 stands in evidence. The pamphlet, a copy of which is in my possession, contains nothing but the following series of chronograms, printed thus — 1782 A qUInqUagInta annIs h^C InstItUta fraternItas, " seDente CLeMente bIs seXto. qUInqUagenarI^ InstItUtIonIs RoCnlANyE Confrater- i g nItatIs, DIes soLeMnIs agItUr. j ^' aMorIs VInCULo, qUInqUagInta annIs stetIt h^C| _ g DeVota fraternItas. / ~ ' His roChI soLeMnIIs, JUnCta sInt noVa, VeraqUe\_ ^ gaUDIa. /~ ^'"^^ eJa JUbILate Confratres In soLeMnItate JUbILMI g DIVI VestrI patronI. /~ ' In sIta fraternItate, eX pUerIs, perfeCIt sIbI roChUs\ _ n LaUDeM. /~ ^'^^ 1782 7. pestIs tUteLarIs VIta, ChronICa MethoDo breVIter\ eXhIbIta. j Ex Brev. ord. Pmd. 8. beatVs roChUs Monte pessULano natUs, sanCtItatIs\ ^ ^ g^ sIgnIs a Deo InsIgnItUr. / ' 9. rUbea CrUCe sIgnatUM, aDstantes popULI asspeXere. = 1782 10. roChUs genItrICIs sU^ pIetatI InsIstens, bIs In) g^ septIMana seDULo JeJUnabat. / ' 11. DefUnCtIs parentIbUs, CIVItatIs pessULano regIMen\^ g^ respUIt. / ' 12. peDester ItInerans, LoCa saCra UbIqUe terrarUM\_ o pIe VIsItaVIt. ]~ ' 13. oppRESsIs Contagiosa LUe In hospItaLIbUs sUbLe-) VanDIs, opeM trIbUebat. / 1782 192 SAINT ROCH. 14. DIVIna VIrtUte abegIt pesteM eX gaLLIa aC ItaLIa. 15. Dato sIgno CrUCIs, pr^esULeM In Urbe sU^e sanItatI\ restItUIt. / i6. peregrInUs eXIstens, In oMnI Loco sIgnIs sUIs^ sparsIt sanCtItatIs proDIgIa. / 17. DIVIno nUtU roChUs In ItaLIa Morbo CorrIpItUr. 18. opIbUs DestItUto, Cane IpsI paneM porrIgente\ Ci^LIxUs nUtrItUr. ] 19. In patrIaM regressUs, qUasI patrI^e eXpLorator^ fcetentI CarCerI traDitUr. / 20. eCCe qUInqUennII spatIo In ergastULo De hostIbUsI trIUMphans. / 21. fInaLIter ANGELICA VIsIoNE roboratUs, anIMa eJUs aD sVperos eVoLat. 2 2. aD DefUnCtI roChI peDes tabVLa lis VerbIs\ InVenItUr : / 23. erIt sanCtUs roChUs In epIDeMIa fortIs aUXILIator. 24. In aLMa sYnoDo ConstantIensI roChUs Vt pestIs^ patronUs statUItUr. j 25. VenerantI patroCInIa, nUsqUaM aLICUI DenegabIt\ sUffragIa. / 26. VenerantIbUs eJUs saCras reLIqUIas, DabIt In\ LangUore soLaMIna. / 27. oppIDo brUXeLLensI pestILentIa LangUentI, Ipse"\ opeM attULIt. / 28. sanCte roChe ChrIstI DeI Confessor, eXaUDI\ preCantes serVULos, aC Ipsos benIgne respICe. / 29. LyETANTER roChUM InVoCate, eXaUDIet Vos. I}?iprimi potest. Actum Bruxellis hac, 27 Aprilis, 1782. C. /. LE YNIEKS, Lib. Censor. }= 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 XVIII. HEIDELBERG COLLEGE, AND OTHERS. RARE tract, being an address in poetical form, showing the Fates and Fortunes of the Jesuits' College at Heidelberg from the year 1622 to 171 2, presented to the most serene John William, Count-Palatine, Elector, and ' Archidapifer ' of the holy Roman Empire, etc., on the occasion of the laying of the foundation-stone of the new church there. The title-page commences, ' Fata CoUegii Heidelbergensis Societatis Jesu ab anno aerae Christianae mdcxxii usque ad annum mdccxii in lucem data,' etc. Printed at Heidelberg, 1712. A copy is in the library of the Rev. W. Begley. The narrative is in Latin prose, printed in lines of varying length in the style of some long monumental inscription, accompanied by ' epigrams ' and Greek couplets, arranged in series, headed 'Fatorum chronica series 'j each series includes a chronogram. The following are the chronograms, with English versions of the introductory words — Fate I. — The Bohemian army being put to flight and Heidelberg captured by the Bavarians, the Society of Jesuits accepts its first domicile there in 1622. soCIetas JesV CiESO rebeLLI hoste, Capt^e heIDeLberg^ cLoRlosfe IntroDVCItVr, Fate 2. — The society obtains two 'chairs' in the University ot Heidelberg in 1629. soCIetas IesV DoCet In pVbLICa phILo-et-theosophICA VnIVersItatIs CatheDra. Fate 3. — The society is strengthened by those members who came from the monastery of Lobenfeld in 1629. soCIetas JesV pIos fVnDatIonIs proVentVs E bonIs MonasterII obtInet. 25 194 HEIDELBERG COLLEGE, Fate 4. — The Swedish army coming from all around, the society is driven from the captured town in 1632. soCIetas IesV E patrIa et Vrbe VI abIre ET fVgaM arrIpere DebVIt. Fate 5. — The society, at the expiration of three years, returns to Heidelberg, now occupied by the Imperial forces, in 1635. soCIetas IesV peraCto In eXILIo sVo trIennIo oCCVpata a C^sareIs heIDeLberga reDIt. Fate 6. — The society, on the conclusion of the peace of Westphalia, is again exiled from Heidelberg in 1659. In paCe abI^re oMnIa, post Longos ANNOs reDItVra. Fate 7. — The society is again re-established by the Elector, Philip William, in 1685. soCIetas IesV a phILIppo wILheLMo eLeCtore paLatIno, est ab eXILIo reVoCata et gLorIose restItVta. Fate 8. — The society is again driven from the unfortunate town by a conflagration caused by the French in 1693. soCIetatI JesV, neC heIDeLberg^, neC In toto paLatInatV seCVrVs erat LoCVs pro sVo DIVersorIo. Fate 9. — On the peace of Ryswick, the society is again recalled by the Elector in 1698. soCIetas IesV, faCta rIsVVICI paCe POST beLLa DenVo reVoCata heIDeLberg^ reVIXIt. Fate 10. — The society accepts from the same Elector a larger space for rebuilding its college in 1702. soCIetas IesV pro CoLLegII sVI fabrICA eX parVo et angVsto spatIo nobILIVs spatIVM aCCIpIt. Fate II. — The society lays the first stone for the building of its college at Heidelberg in 1703. A soCIetate JesV pro fabrICa sVI noVI CoLLegII pVbLICo atqVe soLennI rItV prIMVs ponItVr LapIs. Fate 12. — The society is ascribed to the university by the same Elector, and various professorships are assigned to it, in 1706. soCIetas IesV, IVssV prInCIpIs eLeCtorIs aDsCrIbItVr VnIVersItatI ET DIVersas In ea. aCCIpIt professVras. HEIDELBERG COLLEGE. igs Fate 13. — The society accepts from the same founder the monastery of Neuberg to provide for the support of the college in 1706. prInCeps eLeCtor eX noVa gratIa assIgnaVIt neobVrgICI MonasterII proVentVs pro CongrVa CoLLegII sVstentatIone. Fate 14. — The society, with the approval of the same Elector, its benefactor, lays the first stone of the new church in 17 12. DoMVs IesV ChrIsto saCra pLena DesVper GRATI.E DVLCeDIne CIrCVMDabItVr. Then follows a whole page of chronograms, forming an inscription which purports to be that put on the foundation-stone. It consists of thirty-four lines, each one making the date 171 2, which need not be given here. The tract contains fifty chronograms. A tract, 4to., pp. 90, printed at Heidelberg, 1739, ' Dissertatio inauguralis de Jure Recuperatorio, S. R. I. . . .,' etc, an academical essay when the author, Henric J. C. Keofferle, was endowed with some university honours at Heidelberg, concludes with some poetic con- gratulations from his friends, among which is the following (the cere- mony took place on October 12) — CeV soLet oCtober MatVros Carp ere frVCtVs ) ^ sic tIbi pert frVCtVs, LaVrea serta gerIt. J ~ ^'^^ Carpe tIbI LaVros (LICet) eCCe LICentIa fertVr "^ _ hIsqVe sVper rVtILent, aVrea poMa tIbI. / ~ '^^ POST fLores frVCtVs post tot tantosqVe Labores 1 E praXI sVrget MessIs abVnDa tIbI. J ~ '^^ HoC serVVs tVVs DeVInCtIssIMVs 1 apposVIt / J. w. A. dahmen, j.u.c, & Correpetitor. It may be read thus in unadorned English — Just as October is accustomed to afford ripe fruits, so does it bring fruit to thee, it brings laurel wreaths to thee. Gather the laurels for thy- self be it so ; behold, the diploma is assured, and therein many golden apples ripen for thee ; after the flowers comes the fruit, after so many a?id so great exertions. Out of persevering work an abundant harvest shall be thy reward. This thy most devoted servant has superadded. J. W. A. Dahmen, learned in both branches of law, and co-aspirant. 1739 196 CARMELITES AT WORMS. CARMELITES AT WORMS. THE very full title-page of another tract, folio size, pp. 13, begins thus— ' paLMa gLorIosa DVra post frIgora ConsVrgens In ^thera. Seu, Carmeli Wormatiensis domus Sacra per bella diversa ssepius eversa die sacra divo Josepho florentissima palma velut palma assurgens in ardua. Cujus structura palma symbolica staturae palmse assimilata,' etc. Printed at Worms, 17 13. The title narrates that the sacred house of the Carmelites at Worms, having been destroyed in the time of protracted war, now arises out of its misfortunes as a palm-tree after a time of severe cold, on the festive occasion, the day of St. Joseph, under the auspices of Francis Lewis the general of the order, when the foundation-stone of the new church was laid. Odes, ' epigrams,' and emblematical allusions in honour of the event fill several of the pages, including a votive address in Latin, printed in the form of an obelisk on a pedestal, filling one page, and containing six chrono- grams of 17 1 3. On the last page is what purports to be the inscrip- tion on the foundation-stone, composed entirely in Latin chronograms of the year 17 13, twenty-three in number. It is, however, too long and not sufficiently interesting as a separate extract. The tract contains in all thirty- five chronograms. AFFLTGEN. THE Abbey of Affligen, in Flanders. A 4to. tract in my possession, printed at Antwerp, pp. 8, has the following singular title-page — Abbatiae Affligeniae de corporali ab Marte affiictae Laetitia Spiritalis ob augmentum gregis Domini a devoto accedente filio * amante Dei fratre Caelestino Gysbrechts * in Deo profitente praedicta in abbatia undecima Februarii. Nota Lector, ad singulos hos astericos* in titulo haberi singula AFFLIGEN. 197 a b c d e f g I 2 3 4 5 6 7 P q r s t 60 70 80 90 100 Chronica ana-CabalHna ; id est, in quibus litterse omnes grsec^ nume- rant, hoc modo : 1 i k 1 m n o i 9 10 20 30 40 50 I w X y z •o 300 400 500 600, The meaning may be thus closely rendered : ' The spiritual joy of the afflicted Abbey of Affligen concerning an officer from the war ; with regard to the increase of the Lord's flock by the accession of a devoted son and lover of God, Brother Celestinus Gysbrechts, professing him- self in the aforesaid Abbey on the nth of February.' The date of the year is not stated ; it is, however, contained in the words of the title-page, though not in the usual form of a chronogram. Each letter represents a numeral, after the old method, according to the key. Each section thus marked * makes the date 1675 when the numbers represented by the letters are added up. This mode of reckoning is known as a cabala. An engraving on the back of the title-page re- presents the circumstance narrated therein. A singular feature (though not one to be commended) is a single chronogram, in twenty-eight Latin hexameter verses, containing 220 numeral letters = 1675. The composing of that exceedingly long chronogram is effected by making use only of numeral letters of low denomination, avoiding M= 1,000, and D = 5oo; the letter L = 5o is used only eleven times. Next follows a set of twenty-eight lines in Flemish, each being a chronogram of 1675. There are in all forty-four chronograms. This hexameter and pentameter couplet gives the date February 11, 1675, when Gysbrechts made his vow — tertIa LVX febrVo ter LVXIt, VIXqVe seCVnDa : \ _ a ET C/eLestInVs C^LICa Vota Dabat. j'~ ^^75 The authorship of the tract is only indicated on the last page by this terminating line — qVI sic fratrI frater pLaVDo, VIVo ego IaM non ego. = 1675 G. G. M. R. S. B. I. MONASTIC. IN my volumes Chronograms, at page 235, and Chronograms Con- tinued, at page 306, numerous German monasteries are noticed. I have since met with Vigilius Greiderer's chronicle of the German monasteries of the Franciscan order (the reformed Minorites). It contains a few chronograms which were to be seen in the churches of these institutions in the middle of the eighteenth century, and possibly they are still existing. The work is full of local history and circum- stance connected with the Franciscans in the Tyrol, Austria, Bohemia 198 MONASTIC. and other German provinces. These countries have, in times past, been very productive of chronograms ; it is unlikely, however, that the few which are recorded in this work bear any reasonable proportion to the quantity that might have been collected in the large number of churches which are chronicled by the compiler of the two bulky volumes, or by the numerous authorities which are quoted in the foot- notes of almost every page. The work is composed entirely in Latin, and was printed at Innsbruk in 1777; the title is, 'P. F. Vigilii Greiderer ordinis Minorum reformatorum provincise Tyrolensis D. Leopoldi custodis actualis, Germania Franciscana, seu Chronicon geographico-historicum ordinis S. Francisci in Germania, &c., &c. OEniponte, 1777.' British Museum press-mark 487 k., 10, 11. 2 vols, folio. The following chronograms are a selection from the few that appear in the 1,400 or 1,500 pages of the two volumes, which afford no more than twenty-five examples — Vol. i., page 247. — In the chapel of St. Peter, ' in conventu Labe- censi (in the province of Croatia) occurrit hoc epitaphium, inter alia.' Pro Petro de Marini episcopo Segnensi (then follow some hexameter and pentameter verses), Obiit anno, aLMa DIes VIt^ nItet, I ergo petre qVIesCe. = 1665 Die XXX. Julii. (There is no other date). t'.e. The propitious day of life shines forth ; go therefore to thy rest ^ O Peter. The 2,0th day of July. Pages 255, 258.— The monastery of Munchendorff, the most re- nowned in Carniola, was thoroughly repaired ; an inscription to com- memorate the event was put up in gilt letters, ending with this date — noVItate eX fVnDaMento fVLCIVere. = 1682 i.e. They have made it strong zvith renovation from the foundation. Alluding to the benefactors whose names are recorded in the inscription. Pages 303, 304. — At the monastery of St. Jerome, at Vienna, the statue of the saint was put up with this inscription — HoC opVs DIVo hIeronYMo benefaCtorIs pIetas eXtrVXIt. = 1742 i.e. The piety of a benefactor put up this work to St. Jerome. (There is no other date.) Page 383.— At the monastery of Judenberg, in Styria, when an anniversary festival was held, a new portal was erected, and inscribed — eCCLesI^ CeLebrato prIMI s^CVLI IVbILo h^C porta 1 noVa sVrreXIt. /= 1737 i.e., At the celebration of the first centenary jubilee of the church this new door was erected. A few others are uninteresting apart from the context. JNNUS CHRONOGRAPHICUS. 199 ANNUS CHRONOGRAPHICUS. A THICK, dumpy volume in my possession, in its original pig- skin binding, with clasps, size five inches by three, contains two works, and pages respectively about 384 and 198 = 582, The first part, without pagination, bears this title : 'Annus Chronographicus et Coronatus perlustrans hymrios et acta sanctorum,' etc. 'Authore R. D. Augusto Casimiro Redel.' Printed, Moguntise, 1709. It is a collection of hymns in Latin, to saints in the Roman calendar, one for each day in the year. The author's address, ' Ad Lectorem,' in short rhyming lines filling nine pages, serves as an introduction to the subject. The first twenty lines are characteristic of the whole — Lector amice Vena felice, Deo donante, Ac inspirante Flamine Dio, Calamo pio, Elaboravi, Et insudavi Annos per binos, Hymnos divinos. Has conscribendo, Et componendo, Ut ad majorem Dei honorem, Darem in lucem Martyrum crucem, Lege hanc Lector, Hujus inspector, Corde attento, Atque memento, etc., etc. At the conclusion of this singular preface the author adds these chronograms — Ita hIsCe hyMnIs Vtere et VIVe, Vt perpetVo Deo VIVere possIs, VaLe. hyMnVs VnIVersIs fILIIs Israel et popVLIs appropInqVantIbVs tIbI DeVs noster. The hymns follow day by day, from January i to December 31, without chronograms, except the one for November 2, ' Commemoratio omnium Fidelium Defunctorum,' where this chronogram precedes the hymn — 1696 = 1696 200 ANNUS CHRONOGRAPHICUS, sanCta, VaLDe pIa et saLVbrIs est CogItatIo, pro De-1 fVnCtIs eXorare, Vt a peCCatIs soLVantVr, i Mach., V = Cap. 12. J Each hymn is followed by 'Aspiratio,' a prayer in six metrical lines, addressed to the saint of the day, or, as in this last example, to the ' Manes ' of the departed. Immediately after the hymns the following appears, printed line for line thus — 1696 Conclusio Anni. Cum brevitate vitce coUati Ad Lectorem. EN breVIs annVs VIt^ eXIIt, ET Vt VMbra DeCLInaVIt. qVIa fVgItIV^ sVnt DIes s^CVLI hVIVs sVper terraM. ET qVasI sVbIto MIsera PRiEsClNDlTVR VeLVt a teXente VIta. ET qVI nVnC In terra VIVVnt breVI In pVLVere DorMIent. VIta transIbIt VeLVt stIpVLa et foLIVM, qVoD Vento rapItVr. qVIa qVasI fLos egreDItVr et ConterItVr, et sVbIto fVgIt Vt VMbra. ERGO In DoLorIbVs CIto hoMInIbVs, abbreVIabItVr VIta, et fVgIet qVasI NON fVIsset. CentenI VtIqVe annI VeLVt gVtta AQV.E In MarI DepVtatI sVnt. aC sICVt CaLCVLVs aren^ sIC eXtIngVentVr annI teMporI sVI Labore. ET LICet Ita breVes sVnt DIes hVIVs VIt^, AH terMInI IpsIVs pr^eterItI non possVnt. 1696 1696 1696 1696 1696 1696 1696 1696 = 1696 ^ This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes 1701. ANNUS CHRONOGRAPHICUS. nVLLVs VtIqVe In terrIs est, qVI qVotIDIe non fIat propInqVIor fataLI MortIs hor^. VIta VeLoCIVs fVgIt CVrsore ItInerante, et CeLerrIM^ CVrrente, VeL sVb noCte properante. CVIVIs prIstInI DIes perreXerVnt, VeLVtI naVes poMa portantes {sic). VIta VeLVtI Vapor est, breVI apparens ET DeInCeps eXterMInabItVr. VanItas, ItaqVe est optare Longa VIta frVI atqVe De bona pIa VIta parVM CVrare. VanItas est VnIVersa MVnDI hVIVs CVra et gLorIa eIVs. VanItas est, sI breVIs pr^esens VIta soLVM affeCtetVr et fVtVra perennIs non IntenDatVr. VnIVersa ergo et CVnCta h^C sVnt Vana, prater gLorIarI aC trIVMphare In CrVCe IesV. seqVere hInC mi pIe LeCtor, VestIgIa CrVCIs ChrIstI qVIbVs sanCtI Intra VerVnt regna. ET InseqVere VestIgIa ILLorVM tIbI PER sIngVLos DIes annI sVpra eXhIbIs erisqVe In gaVDIo VesperI, qVanDo DIes frVCtVose eLapsVs erIt. ab ILLIsqVe InVenIes VItaM PERPETViE BEAtItVDInIs In qVa non est fInIs. VaLe ! Omnia ad niajorem Dei, Deiparcegue Virginis, ac Sanctorum omnium gloriam et honorem. ^$^, = 1696 = 1696 }= 1697 |- 1966 1696 1= 1696 1= 1696 \= 1696 The other work in the volume is ' Flores Gratiarum ex topiario Vitae,' etc. By Joannes Kraus, SJ. Printed, DiUngae, 1708. It con- tains no chronograms. 696 1- 1= 1696 = 1696 This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes 1691. 26 XIX. VARIOUS LOCAL CONTINENTAL CHRONOGRAMS. HE town of Aix-la-Chapelle was destroyed by fire on May 2, 1656, thus noticed at page 5 of the book now to be quoted : ' Tandem omnium funestissimus et lactuosissimus casus fuit, incendium 2 Maii 1656, quod vidisse et meminisse horret,' etc., with this chronogrammatic marginal note : refLagrat seCVnDa MaI* (= 1656). The town was restored to prosperity in 1688, by means of its medicinal waters, ' quod ignis destruxit mox reparabit aqua, et reviviscet properante Numine supremo ' ; this is commemorated in a book by Doctor P>anciscus Blondel, entitled, ' Thermarum Aquisgranensium et Porcetanarum elucidatio,' \ ^ etc. / i.e. An explanation of the warm ivaters of Aix-la-Chapelle and Btirt- scheid. Some verses are addressed to the author by his friends, among which these chronograms appear — NoVVs therMaLIs aqV^ VsVs, VInDICatVs. i.e. The neiu use of the thermal water is vindicated. VVLCanVs, aqVIsgranVM perDIt, neptVnVs reponIt. = i.e. Vulcan destroys Aix-la-Chapelle, Neptune restores it. aLtera MaII InCenDIo perIIt, =-- aqVa JVVante resVrreXIt. = i.e. It perished by fire on the second of May ; it has again risen by help of water (after a lapse of 32 years). VIVe DIV, LongIs noVe DoCtor aqVensIs In annIs, \^ TE DeVS iETERNA In PROSPERItATE BEET. / i.e. Live long, O new water-doctor, through many years, and may God bless thee in everlasting welfare I 1688 = 1688 A German guide-book to Marienbad, by Dr. Lucca, printed 1874, records two chronograms, the first inscribed on a commemorative cross — ChoLeraM a fInIbVs nostrIs arCVIt VerVs DeI fILIVs. = i.e. The true Son of God has dispelled the cholera from our region. 1688 1656 32 1688 1832 1236. The town was burnt four times between an early date and 1224, and for the fifth time in GERMANY. 203 The next records a cure, said to be inscribed on a rock in the neighbouring forest — naIaDes saLVtares, restItVere, fLora opVLenta obLeC- ~| _ taVIt saXonI^ regeM. /" ^^34 i.e. The health-giving Nymphs have restored, a?id the fruitful Flora has delighted the King of Saxony. A guide-book to Carlsbad mentions that much damage was done there by a waterspout, and is thus recorded under a statue of St. John of Nepomuk, the patron of bridges and flowing streams — sVperato ab affLVXV VnDarVM hIs LoCIs IngentI ) nVbIfragIo. /= ^746 — ^ ^M^ At Coblenz, Collected October, 1888. In the church of St. Castor, on the left side on entering from the west, is a black marble mural tablet to the memory of a worthy Baron Boosel, aged 29. The inscription bears no date in figures, but it contains this chronogram date, which also tells that he died through an unforeseen bullet on June 5, 1683— IMproVIDo sCLopo trans VerberatVs qVInta IVnII obTIt. = 1683 Adjoining it is a companion tablet inscribed to another worthy man, and dated by this Leonine hexameter — eXIstIt In VI Vis DULCIs VIr seMper VbIVIs. = 1699 Over the door of the Jesuits' church at Coblenz is this inscription ; the date letters are conspicuous in size and gilding — DlVo IoannI baptIst^ IVgI patrono DeDICata. = 161 7 A festival was held at Salzburg on the consecration of the new cathedral in 1682. Chronograms used on the occasion are transcribed in Chronograms, page 243. An additional one I find in ' Seventeen plates of public buildings at Salzburg' (British Museum, press-mark 789, f. 8)- regI seCVLorVM Deo VI Vo VeroqVe, = 1682 antIstes, fratres atqVe patres antIqVIssIMI ] ASCeTErII DIVI PETRI ,'-= 1682 saLIsbVrgensIs. The river Rhine was frozen and people walked over the ice dry- foot in 1408, as recorded in ' Die Limburger Chronik des T. E. von Wolfhagen,' page 118 — sVpportat pLebeM gLaCIes rhenI pede sICCo. = 1408 The letter D is not counted, according to Flemish and early methods. At Luxemburg many improvements have been effected since the remarkable fortifications of the town were demolished after the treaty ao4 GERMANY. of 1867. Where a military work formerly stood now stands a tower belonging to the waterworks ; it bears this inscription — CIVIbVs seMper fLVens haeC VnDa profICIat, = 1874 i.e. May this water always flo^ving be advantageous to the citizens. On another similar spot stands the new school-house attached to the church of St. Michael. On the front of the former is a statue of Christ and this inscription — sVb tVteLa bonI pastorIs prosperetVr ^_ DeIpar^ DeDIta CIVItas LVCeLbergensIs. j~ ^^^^ Some earlier chronograms are in the volume Chronograms^ page 213. The rebuilding of the town of Magdeburg, after its siege and almost entire destruction by Tilly, the Austrian General, on May 10, 1631, is the subject of a tract in a thick 4to. volume in the British Museum library, press-mark 13 15, d. 10 (containing seventy-three tracts relating to Germany). Tract No. 4 has the date at the end thus, ' Im Jahr, MagDebVkg VVIrtgebaVt ehestenVs gottfreCht fraVt. = 1631 i.e. Magdeburg ivill be rebuilt as soon as possible. Tract No. 22 in the same volume relates to the town of Witten- burg, one of the cradles of the Reformation ; it is thus dated in allusion to a Jubilee held there on June 25 : ' Im Jahr, preYse o neVes JerVsaLeM Den herrn; | Lobe zIon Vnsern VVarhafftIgen gott. j"^ ^3° preYse o LIebes VVIttenberg Den herrn ; 1^ VnD Lobe saXen DeInen gott. ]^ ^^3° Gedruckt Jahr 1630. SWITZERLAND. INSCRIPTIONS over the door of the church at Brunnen, on Lake Lucerne, in Switzerland, recording the destruction by fire, the rebuilding, and the restoration. They were hastily copied in a few spare minutes while waiting for the steamer, about three years ago, by Dr. T. N. Brushfield— brVnnen WIrD, 1 eIn raVb Der feVers WVth, ^r= 1620 In graVsIgen rVIn VerWanDeLt. J DIeses gotteshaVs erbaVt Des eIfrIge, \ _ WeIse heInrICh Von reDIg. / " ^^32 DVrCh freYe VbereIn kVnft 1st Iezt Von hIesIgen heILIgen kapeLL Das Dorf brVnnen neVer Wahrer besItzer. = 1800 SWITZERLAND. 205 DIeses heILIge haVs WVnDer aVs Den ^ beItragen hILfreICher thatIgkeIt gVtsbesItzer V= 1816 beWohner brVnnens erneVert heIL Ihren. j The meaning is : Brunnen was a prey to the fury of the fire, and became a dreadful ruin in 1620. This God's-house {church) was built by the zealous and wise Heinrich von Redigi7i 1632. By free afid united skill the holy chapel of this village of Brunnen is now 7iewly enjoyed in 1800. This holy house is a marvel, through the activity and contributions of the lord of the estate. The inhabitants of restored Brunnen salute him. 1816. Einsiedeln, or Einsidlen, in Switzerland, an ancient monastery, the resort of numerous pilgrims. There is a tradition that when the Bishop of Constance was about to consecrate the chapel he was stopped by the voice of an angel saying, ' Cessa, frater ; capella jam divinitus consecrata est.' A medal to commemorate a jubilee of the consecration was struck in 1748, thus inscribed : obverse, divinitus consecrata ; reverse, Deo ter sanCto In aVLa gLorIos^ VIrgInIs ] eInsIDLensIs gLorIa peCCatorI paX et seCVLarIs 1= 1748 IVbILVs. St. Gallen, in Switzerland : a medal was struck by Abbot Beda there, to commemorate the removal of the relics of St. Othmar, thus inscribed — eLapsIs DVCentIs LVstrIs festIVa transLatIo beatI \_ othMarI abbatIs. /~ ^777 i.e. After the lapse of 1,000 years, the festive removal of the blessed Othmar the Abbot. FLANDERS. EXTRACT from a work by Alexandre Pruvost, S.J. 'Chronique et Cartulaire ' of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Winnoc at Bergues near Dunkirk, formerly within the territory of Flanders. In the church, a marble tablet over the tomb of Jerome de Grimberghe bears this epitaph, quoted from Sandcrus's 'Flandria lUustrata,' iii. 311, Edition 1735 \ he was made abbot in 1542, and died in 1574 — Hie Hieronimus ille jacet Grimberghe vocatus, Immensus quondam relligionis honos ; Virginis a partu, qVI VIX DVM VIXerat abbas, = 1543 Hunc probat afiflictum per mala multa Deus ; Nam postquam semel hinc Francorum bella fugarant, Tentas Calvini perdere dire furor, Dumque aufert factas per te scelerate ruinas, InDIgnVs MorbVs pVstVLa nIgra rapIt. = 1574 2o6 BELGIUM. Opposite this tomb is that of the abbot Charles Argenteau, with this epitaph — Carolus hie jacet Argenteau cognomine dictus ; Is quotus est prseses conspice prsesVL habet = 5 q Sexaginta annis habitum fortasse probatur, Quinquaginta tribus presbyter ipse fuit annIs Iste seneX tantVs tot VIXerat abbas, = 33 Quot primum numeras flebile carmen habet. CVMqVe pIVs peteret raDIantIa spIrItVs astra = 1625 Condidit hoc tumulo corpus inane nepos. Thus he was the fifty-fifth Abbot of St. Winnoc, reigned thirty-three years, died in 1625, and was buried by his nephew. — See Index, Bergues, for further extracts. BELGIUM. AT Bruges. Collected there in August, 1888. Epitaphs outside St. Jacques Church (south side). In memory of Henricus Benedictus Seys — Biddag o mensch die hier nog leeft Dat Jesus hin ziel iste geeft. Door uw Gebed mag krygen Loon In De heMeLsChe gLorI'sChoon. = 1802 In memory of Bernardus de San, dated thus — aLMaChtIgen zIeL VerLosser zYtzYn zIeLe geDagtIg. = 1813 The epitaph of Joannes van Hecke is thus dated — o goD ! VVeest Voor aLeeLeeUWen geDagtIg \ _ „ De zIeLe Van Joannes Van heCke aVgUstYn. ]~ '^^ There is another, to Paulus de Cock, partly concealed by a grow- ing shrub. In the picture-gallery, a disused church in P. St. Catherine, there are suspended in frames some printed broadsheets, congratulations to various presidents of the academy, mostly in verse, composed in the Flemish language. They are in bad light (as is usual) and conse- quently difficult to read. They contain the chronogram dates here copied as correctly as was possible— pLIChtIge DankbeWYzInge brUgsChe treYken JeUgD, etc. ; (apparently imperfect) it concludes thus : Leeft Lang WYze \ _ -, MInnaers Van Lof WeerDe Consten. /~ ^^' Door De trekensChool erLeVen VeeL LofWa^rDe-I >•= T770 KONSTEN. j ' ' This is a bad chronogram. One letter L is not counted. The letter is printed small in the original. Another similar broadsheet is dated — heeL terUgsChe trek'naersChaf begLanst Met LaUWer-1 bLaeD'ren beWYst De DankpLIgtng'aL hUn konstLIeVe J- = 3599 VaDren. J At Ghent. Over a picture at the high altar of St. Michael's Church — VnItatIs fontI Deo Vero VIrgInI MarI^ ^ternICoL^\ offertVr. / BELGIUM— HOLLAND. 207 By dividing this amount by 2 the dates 1799 and 1800 are produced. The latter year was probably intended. At the end is the following — DIt Is opreChten geLUk-WensCh Van De Waere keVer-1 zUgtIge teeken-JeUgD. / Another broadsheet commences with — sChULDIg DankbeWYs Der treCken-JeUgt. = 1774 And after a non-chronogrammatic part concludes — Leeft Lang beVrYD Van onhe YL Waere MeCenaten. = 1774 Another contains these chronograms— sChULD-pLIgtIge ber gaLM. = 1757 De trYken-zaeL praeLt sChoonDer aLs Voor Desen ! = 1757 Other broadsheets are mentioned at page 27 of the present volume. 1678 At Antwerp. At the Church of St. Jacques, at an altar having a figure of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary — DeIpara assVMpta patet nobIs JanVa CceLI. = 16 14 Over another altar in the same church — ICk ben Den Wegh De WaerheIIt enDet'LeVen. Joa. xiv. 9.= 1678 On a stained-glass window in the chapel of St. Roch, in the same church — DeDICat sanCtI roChI soDaLItas. = 1854 Over the portal leading from the street to the Church of St. Paul — ChrIsto DoMIno sanCtoqVe apostoLo fabrICI. = 1859 HOLLAND. AT Arnhem, in Holland. A portrait of Charles, Duke of Gelders, hangs in the town museum. The following couplets are painted on the frame along the top in plain, small letters ; the lines nevertheless work out as a chronogram. The actual dates intended are also added in numeral figures, There is, however, an error of one hundred in the first couplet (which I copied on the spot) ; it should make 1467, the year of his birth — Natalicia, 1467. DUX CaroLVs geLrIs nUnC nasCItUr aLter aChILLes 1 . geLrIa nUnC pLaUsU IUbILat aUCta graVI. /~ ^^ ' Mors, 1538. eXtInCto CaroLo DUCe, gLorIa geLrICa geLro \ oCCUbUIt trIstIs geLrIa pLange VICes. / 1538 2o8 HOLLAND. At Haarlem, in Holland, in the Great Church, on the back of a wooden panel set up where the altar formerly stood, there is painted a long inscription in Dutch, containing the dates 1572 and 1577 and this chronogram (copied September 13, 1888) — sood' honger sLeChsgeen saHdaen bood 1 LIChtspansCh geWeLd Van haerLeM VLood. )~ ^^'^ The letters D are not counted. Haarlem was taken by the Spaniards in July, 1573, after a siege of seven months' duration. The Duke of Alva, the Spanish General, violated the capitulation by butchering half the inhabitants. In a huge folio volume printed about 1649, entitled 'Novem ac magnum theatrum urbium Belgicas,' etc., by Joannes Blaeu, the towns of the Netherlands are described. Of the town of Gouda nothing is known of its origin. A certain deed is recorded by which one Florentius gave to one Nicolas Catzius certain lands for the benefit of the town, at a date expressed in these verses — fVndabat, Cattos fLorente regente, notato 1 _ posterItas, goVd^ MgenIa, CattVs eqVes. ]^ ^^^^ The burning of Gouda is thus noted : ' Incendium hoc incidit in ferias Ludowici, loquente hexametro homoeotelento ' — fLetIbVs Id dIdICI qVIa goVda CreMat LVdoWICI. = 1438 The destruction of the Church of St. John by fire is thus noted : ' In- cendium exprimunt hi numeri ab Hadriano Junio hoc disticho com- prehensi ' — LVX bIs SENA fVIt, IanI HORA VeSPERE NONA 1 CVM saCra IgannI VVLCano CorrVIt ^des. /~ ^^^^ i.e. It was the \\th day of January, at 9 d clock in the evenifig, when the church sacred to St. John sunk by fire. The first two chronograms, although denoting early dates, belong to the earlier half of the sixteenth century. As is frequently seen in Dutch chronograms, the letter D is not counted. MALINES. EXTRACTED from the genealogies and historical notes, in French, of the family of Corten, in connection with the Cathe- dral of Malines. Printed at Louvain, 1753, with engravings, in a large, thin folio volume procured at Amsterdam in 1888. 'Very rare.' The epitaph of two canons of the church, twin brothers Corten, begins thus — PAR geMInIs Labor et DeCor. = 1652 Inscription over an altar — aLtare DIVIn^ sYnaXI eXtrUCtUM. = 1690 MA LINES. 209 The epitaph of Jean Audenrogge, a canon of the church, ends thus ; there is no other date — Tu pie Lector HoC EJUs anIM^ aDpreCare = 1707 Post Labores Sterna tanDeM reqUIesCat In paCe. = 1707 Inscribed over a new pulpit bearing the figure of Christ — FiLIUs MeUs DILeCtUs; = 17 18 VoCeM ILLIUs aUDIte. = 17 18 The epitaph of Peter Scheppers ends thus, the only date in the inscription — breVIs VIt^ DIes MortaLIbUs 1 ^ ConstItUtUs, qUI pr^terIrI neqUIt. j ^ ^'^ The epitaph of Joanna Maria Van Driessche du Trieu ends thus — aen VVIe goDt tot Loon VVILt geVen \_ ^ het VerMaek Van t' eeUVVIgh LeVen. /~ ^'° At an altar inscribed to the Virgin Mary and St. Blasius — o pIa DeI genItrIX ^ VIrgo et s. bLasI r= 1748 DeVotos Vestros eXaUDIte CLIentes. J The epitaph of yEgidius de Grauw contains this, the only date in the inscription — feroX LIbItIna IvUgENTE NATO patreM e VIVIs sUstULIt IDIbUs JanUarII. Other chronograms relating to Malines are in Chronograms, pages 53, 54, 92, 431 ; also in Chronograms Continued, pages 58, 59, 60, 88, 90, 96, 99 to 103, 529 and 536. GORLITZ. THE following are taken from a chronicle of Gorlitz, a town on the river Niesse, in the government of Lusatia, in the province of Silesia, in Prussian territory, now absorbed into the German Empire. In the library of the British Museum a work by C. G. Hoflmann is accessible, press-mark 170. k. 4. 5; in it is comprised 'Scriptores rerum Lusiticarum,' by Mart. Meister, printed in 17 19, relating to Gorlitz, and all is in Eatin. The greater part of the contents is very curious in relating events at one period of great historical importance, as well as others of purely local interest. A few chronograms occur, as follows. In 1438, on December 2, 'Albert '^ visited Gorlitz. At this period 1706 ^ Albert, Duke of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia ; he was elected Emperor and King of the Romans in 1438, and was known as Albert II. the Great. He died in the following year. 27 2IO GORLITZ. }= 1438 1590 1590 1591 159s religious war was fiercely carried on, and political changes were rapid. This chronogram is recorded as applicable to some circumstance not clearly explained ; the words are from St. Mark xi. 24, Latin version — qV^CVnqVe or antes petItIs CreDIte qVoD aCCIpIetIs,\_ ET eVenIent VobIs. j In 1590 a comet of ' moderate size ' appeared, and a great drought prevailed, exceeding any for the preceding fifty years. Gregory Bersmann marked the event by these ' etiosticha ' — ARET hIVLCVs^ ager CerVo sItIs ora perVrIt \_ aCCenso rhenVs fLVMIne anheLat aqVas. ( ~ sqVaLet ager, qVerVLos InCestat fVnere saLtVs \ eCCe rVens trIstI CerVa pereMta sItI. j ^ In 1591, July 4, Jacobus Handl, of Prague, a celebrated musician, died. ' He was well known at Gorlitz, therefore he is recorded in these annals.' These verses were made at Prague — qVa CaDIt hanDeLIUs fato properante treCentos \ LVX fabIos LatIo sUstULIt ILLa soLo. ] ^ An inundation by the river Niesse caused great damage on August 17, 1595, hence these verses — aVgVstVs qVartoqVartos sVbDVXerat ortVs, proXIMa fVnestIs noX VbI s^VIt aqVIs. At Jaurinum, now called Raab, in Hungary, the great church bell, cast in 1472, having become cracked and useless, was recast in 1598. The record which narrates the circumstance goes on : ' In ipsa campana haec leguntur inscripta ' ; Laudate eum in Cymbalis bene sonantibus : Laudate eum in cymbalis jubilationis. Omnis Spiritus laudet Dominum. Alleluja. ' Psal : 150. Pietas ad omnia utihs. Inscriptiones campanse. eXpVLIt hVngarIa sIgno Vt VICtrICe poLonos ) _ reX MatthIas CepI eX .ere reteXta noVo. / "^ fceDIfragIs2 VICtIs tVrCIs CLaraqVe rVDoLphI eX raba pVLsIs arte refeCta fVI. In inferioris partis circumferentia rursum leguntur hi versus ; Fusa fui quondam bello, Casimire, Mathiam Cum regni peteres ob diadema sui. Fissa refusa fui tibi cum Schwartzbergius heros Reddidit ereptam Marte, Rudolphe, Rabam. Tracta dedi prirnum sonitum, Scultetus ut sedis Et Smidius sacrse praeses uterque fuit. aVro qVoD perIIt ferro reparatVr et arte JaVrInVM, LaVs six, qVI regIt astra JoV^. ^ A fen country in Pannonia Inferior, eastward of the Danube. - The treaty-breaking Turks. See Index for explanation. 1_ r 1472 1598 }= 1598 GORLITZ.—EISFELD. 211 The narrative of the bell continues at some length with further verses, but no more chronograms. It will be noticed that the vicissitudes of the bell are associated with epochs in Hungarian history. The weight of the bell is mentioned, and the names of the artificers employed in making it are recorded. This bell was held in great veneration, though its identity seems to have been broken by two recastings. The inscriptions mentioned are long ones to have been really cast on the surface, but not impossible on a bell of magnitude. I have given the connecting words as in the narrative, from which it may be inferred that they were so cast. In 1607 the tower of the monastery at Gorlitz was repaired, and a bell added bearing this inscription — aLtIVs hIC Vt apeX CceLo ConsVrgere VIsVs. \_ , fVsa horas DIDICI Verbere pressa LoqVI. /" ^ °' Other extracts from the Gorlitz chronicle will be seen at a later page of this volume, in the chapter on ' Dates Quaintly Expressed.' 1= 1609 EISFELD. THE following are extracted from a book bearing this title : ' Kurtz-abgefaste Eiszfeldische stadt historic,' etc. By Carl F. Diezeln. 8vo. Printed at Coburg, 1721. The copy in the British Museum library is bound up with another work relating to Coburg church affairs, noticed at a later part of the present volume. Inscribed on a fine organ which was put up in the church at Eisfeld— te IoVa eXtoLLant et VERk LaVDIbVs ornent ORGANA, VoX CIthar^, bVCCIna, ChorDa tVb^. On the building of a castle by the Knight Frederic Ampts-Castner in 1602, and the death of the owner on June 22, 1608 — CeV patres Caras strVX^re nepotIbVs i^DEs \_ sIC qVICVnqVe VeLInt ^DIfICare satIs. j " LVX VnDena bIs Vt IVnII sVper orbe CorVsCat \_ frIDerICVs rItter peCtore CasVs obIt. j ~ On April 22, 160T, there was a conflagration at Eisfeld, when the parish church, the town-hall, and the school-house were destroyed, hence this chronogram — NoX VnDena bIs aprILIs, noX LVget, Vt IgnI ) _ , eIsfeLD^ sChoLa sic ChrIstI oVILe perIt. j ~ '°°^ On May 24, 16 10, the 'most beautiful ' building in Eisfeld, the house of the metal founders, was destroyed by fire — seXta qVater MaII perIIt faX bInaqVe Vt .eDes \_ ^ ORNATE eIsfeLt^ In fInIbVs Igne rVVnt. j ~ An epitaph for Nicolas Kind, doctor of theology and pastor of Eisfeld, contains these dates — spIrItVs In sVperos terrestrI CarCere VeCtVs, ) sIC tenet eX ChrIstI gaVDIa Vera fIDe. / "" ^^^'^ 1602 1608 212 EISFELD. nICoLeos CInDVs DoCtor per fata sVbIVIt, ) IIt Vt oCtobrIs LVX noVa terrIgenIs. / "~ ^^"^^ On the death of Nicolas Boiem, pastor, on November i, 1563 — fInIs Vt oCtobrTs faCULtas eXtIngVIt In aXe, ) _ nICoLaVs bceMVs Lege soLVtVs obIt. / ~ ^^ ^ On the death of John Tittel, on November 23, 1594 — ter seXta qVInCtaqVe poLIs LA'^Cente noVeMrrIs 1 _ Iannes tItteLIVs CessIt In antra neCIs. J ^ ^^^4 On the death of George Seitz, on November 10, 1596 — faX bTs qVInCta noVeMbrIs Vt orta georgIos ILLe, "I seItzIVs, In LethI CarCere VICtor obIt. J On the death of Balthasar Richter, on May 19, 1607 — LVCe bIs oCtaVa MaII rVtILante sVb aXe est baLthasarVs rIChter fIXVs ab ense neCIs. 1596 \= 1607 The death of David Zang is marked by these dates — Cor pIetatIs aMans, zangI, VIrtVtIs et artIs, ] Deo tVLIstI In fVnere V= 16S2 sis H.ERES Ipse In ^there. I DIra LVes, pestIs, VarIa h^resIs, ATq^ CoMet.e j FERENT ; FERENT AH FERREA "= 1682 IesV benIgne nos IVVa. On the death of Wilhelm Faber (alias Schmied) on July lo, 1601 — • gVILheLMo fabro VItaLIs spIrItVs eXIt, ) _ eCCe ! bIs Vt JVLl qVInta CaLore nItet. J ~ At Eisfeld Johannes Croniger, pastor, and his wife, perished by fire, on January 12, 1605 — Vt ter qVarta CaDIt faX IanI CronIger, eIVs ) _ aC ConIVX CaLIDo tostVs In Igne perIt. J ~~ 1601 1605 XX. IMAGE OF THE VIRGIN MARY AT OMEL. ISTORIA miraculosae imaginis D. Virginis in Omel. Veraciter coraplectens inventionem Imaginis, Erectionem Conventus Sororum tertiae regulse S. Francisci, Constructionem sacelli, et signa ibidem per intercessionem Beatissimae Virginis edita. Expressa carmine numerali, includente imprimis annum 1598 quo fere scriptum est, deinde Miraculorum, eum nempe quo quodlibet contigit. — Autore M. Gerardo Jacobs S. T. B. pastore in Soemeren. [Here a woodcut of B. V. M.] Lovanii ex officina typographica Gerardi Riuij Anno 1607.' Such is the title of an extremely rare book, if it be safe to say so, considering the long time (at least fifteen years) that I have passed in hunting for chronograms without meeting with any clue even to its existence. The first hint was from the Belgian Biographical Dictionary now in course of serial publication. This led to a search in various available collections and catalogues, when, almost by chance, a copy was discovered by my book-learned friend, the Rev. Walter Begley, at the Bodleian Library at Oxford, in the earlier part of the year 1S94, when and where I obtained what here follows. But even at Oxford the book must be regarded as a precious treasure ; it is the only copy that I know of, whatever that knowledge may be worth. It is a small quarto of sixty-six pages, in a limp parchment cover coloured rich yellow-brown by age and use during nearly three centuries. It was printed at Louvain in 1607. The paper has become discoloured through the influences which have affected the outside covers. It describes in chronogram verses the discovery of the ' miraculous ' image of the Virgin Mary preserved at the church of Omel, and records a series of miraculous cures of diseases wrought there through the same, the veracity whereof being supported by testimony adduced as worthy of belief — at least, it is so m.entioned by the author of the book, Omel seems to be the local name of a church at or near 214 OMEL. Asten,^ in North Brabant, some thirty miles from Bois-le-Duc. I have been unable to identify it in the big folio volumes by Sanderus on the monasteries of Brabant, or in other contemporary or more modern works. The place is not included in Migne's ' Dictionnaire des Abbayes et Monastbres.' The book is filled with hexameter and pentameter couplets and Sapphic metre stanzas, each being a chronogram of dates ranging from 1574 to 1606. The Sapphic chronograms are about the earliest I have met with in that metre ; hexameters are more common a century or two earlier. It does not concern me to dilate on the finding or miraculous advent of images of the Virgin ; there are on record a great many similar events, supported by evidence satisfactory to the minds of sincere or willing believers in the supernatural. I look only to the chronograms, and on that point I may refer to my volume, Chronograms, published in 1882, pages 244 to 249, on an image which came miraculously to Olmiitz. The extracts from the book under our notice which follow are somewhat copious, but the rarity of the book and the speciality of its contents must be taken in excuse for their length ; moreover, a smaller selection would fail to sufficiently represent the contents of this singular book. There are altogether 524 chronograms, of which 291 are couplets and 233 Sapphic stanzas; of these I have extracted 257 into these pages. The following epitome may be of some help by way of explanation. The work commences with a dedication to Albert and Isabella, the governor and governess of the Austrian Netherlands, to the governing authorities of the country, and to all faithful people of Christ. The book itself addresses the reader in verses written apparently by Joannes Verdisseldonck, ' ludimagister ' at Soemeren. The author of the book is complimented in some verses by Jo. Jacobs, of Asten, his nephew. The printer addresses the book in chronogram Sapphic verse. Chapter i. commences the history of the miraculous image at Omel, and declares that the brethren and sisters of the convent there live in harmony and good conduct, notwithstanding the calumnies of heretics. Chapter ii. discourses on miracles wrought through the merits and inter- cession of the Virgin Mary. Chapter iii. relates how the convent at Omel, where the sisters dwelt, was first erected. Chapter iv. relates in what way the image was found at Omel. Chapter v. relates in what way the image began to be honoured. Judocus de Berkel bears testimony to the facts mentioned. Chapter vi. relates how and by whom the shrine was built — by a rich merchant, John Vanderhaven, being prompted by a voice when asleep. The narrative of the circumstance is attested by Johannes Verbeerdonck, a notary at Boisleduc. Chapter vii. relates how the shrine was afterwards enlarged. ^ 'Est locus aljjectus, qui dicitur Omel in Asten.' See chapter iii., line 49, of these extract?. OMEL. 215 Chapter viii. discourses on the ' signs ' which occurred at Omel, and on the truth of the miracles related in the subsequent verses. The remainder of the book, from page 25 to the end, is filled with narra- tives of miraculous cures of diseases wrought at Omel, which in ordinary experience are only effected by medical or severe surgical treatment, extend- ing to more than sixty cases, from which I have selected eighteen typical examples. According to the method of Flemish and Dutch writers, the author does not use the letter D as a numeral = 500, and as a peculiarity of his own he always abbreviates the enclytic syllable ' que ' ( = et, a/id) ; thus he avoids one letter V as a numeral. Also he does not print the word ' et,' but uses the symbol & ; as this might be expanded into ac ( = and) and so give rise to an error of 100 in the chronograms, I have taken the liberty of substituting et in all the numerous places where that symbol occurs. The chronograms them- selves prove that this is correct. I now proceed with extracts from the book — Serenissimis Principibus nostris Alberto et Isabellse, Reverend™^ et Reverendis Episcopis, Abbatibus, Amplissimis Statibus Patriae, Senatui et Ducibus Belli, Cceterisq^ Christi Fidelibus. VIVat aLbertVs, Isabella VIVat, PRyEsVL, aC abbas ; statVs et senatVs stent ; dVCes beLLI deVs et fIdeLes dIrIgat oMnes. paX deI VobIs; pIa perstet ILLa, hostIs a. VobIs proCVL oMnIs absIt, post Vt In CoeLo VaLeatIs aLto VIVere LmtI. PRiESTET Id VobIs pIetate ChrIstVs, VIrgInIs sanCt^e preCIbVs saCratIs, OFFERO CVIVs pIa qVm patrantVr sIgna sVb omeL. Lt'der Alloquitur Lectorem. Si sit perfectum numeros quod continet omnes, Me quoque perfectum nemo negare potest. Innumeris etenim numeris, multoque labore Quod sim compositus, Lector amice, vides. Et quia sum talis, quis non putet esse legendum ? Prjecipue cum tot, tantaque mira feram. Vt res sunt mirae, sic est mirabile carmen. Quale prior populo non dedit vlla manus. Si tamen est aliquis [sicut non omnia laudant Omnes), qui numeros non probet hosce meos, = 1607 1607 -= 1607 2i6 OMEL. lUe sit admonitus, ne me tantummodo spectet, Sed spectet potiiis, quid mea scripta velint. Materiam spectans, inquam, mi candide Lector, Inspicias, de qua Virgine nempe loquar. Est ea, quae regnat superos Regina per orbes, Est ea, quse terras, terricolasque innuat. Hanc Deus elegit dignam sibi nomine Matris, Hanc et adhuc idem nomine Matris amat. Eius si cupias igitur sentire juvamen, Quisquis es, hanc digno laudis honore colas. Haec praestare sui poterit sub numine gnati, Quse tibi praestari, sint modo recta, voles. Id satis insinuant laxis miracula verbis. Quae sunt hie oculis aspicienda tuis. In quibus, ecce, dabunt hoc singula disticha ternpus, Quo res quaeque suo cardine gesta fuit. Quae si, dum fuerint Lector tibi lecta, probabis ; Reddideris Domino munera grata meo. sanCta deI genItrIX, CVIVs VIrtVtIbVs oMeL \_ ^^ LVCet, In obLatas annVe qV^so preCes. /' ^ ' M. lOANNES VERDISSELDONCK, Ludimagister in Soemeren. In Auctorem Operis. Apagete vani vos Poetarum greges, Auferre vestras Nenias. Me Musa detinet altior, meis sonus Dulcior inerrat auribus. Quid potiiis in te mirer, 6 vates sacer ? Benignitatem maximam ? Summam an canendi gloriam ? puero mihi Perquam benignus, et meis Quondam fuisti : nunc benignus es Deo, Deique Matri Virgini. Eu, perge mysta psalmis Deum, Deique Matrem Virginem. 10. lACOBS ASTENSis, Ncpos cx fratre. Typographus ad Libellum. I LIber Longe, VeLVt aC per or as pLVrIMas defer QVoq^ pLVs perVrgens VIrgInIs LaVdes, qVod agendo VaLde feCerIs aptL VIrgInIs LaVs en, bona patrIs est LaVs, aC bonI gnatI, VeLVtI Co/eVI spIrItVs : qVorVM pIa dona psaLLens FeCerIs APTk 1607 1607 OMEL. 217 = 1607 1607 hjeC nIhIL de se qVIa possIdebat, LaVde qVod dIgnVM potVIt VIderI, DONA pLVs ChrIstI QVoq, sIC adaVgens feCerIs APxk qVando tVrbaVIt nVMerVs gerardo^ hIC CapVt : dICes qVoQq, post freq Venter Vt Legens, dIgnIs preCIbVs rependat : FECerIs APTk. Historise Imaginis Miraculosae Divse Virginis in Omel. CAPUT I. Speratur, nondum hinc ablatum iri religionem, ex reformatione et cleri et populi. qV6d deVs hanC patrIaM neC adhVC (qVod posCo)] reLInqVet; 1= 1598 E rebVs bInIs qVIs dIdICIsse qVeat. J rIte reforMatVs nVnC CLerVs VBlq, probatVr, VIVIt et hIC parIter, sICVtI agendo deCet. PRiEsVL et hIC oVIbVs VIVendI norMa doCetVr ; saL VeLVt aC terr/E, sIC agIt Ipse pifc. CanonICVs ; MonaChVs bene VIVIt, sICVt et abbas ; abbatIssa VeLVt, sIC IbI QV^Eq^ soror. aC defeCtVs abest QVoq^, IVre notabILIs, IpsIs (nVLLa qVereLa LoCVM ob qVod sIbI tVrpIs habet). / hVManI LICeat sIbI nIL VeL abesse pVtabVnt (Vt sanCtI n^VIs neC CarVere sVIs). HiERExICI LICeat stVdeant tradVCere CLerVM, pLVrIbVs et VItIIs s^pe olVq^ graVent. IVdICat hIC reLIqVos de sese qVILIbet aVdens ; Vt bonVs est, hoC est ; si MaLVs, ILLe QVoq^. tVrpIa CeV qV^rIt QVoq^ s^pe CadaVera CorVVs, MeLLIgerans fLores sIC sIbI qV^rIt apIs, Mos EST HiERETlCIs, qV^sItIs VNoIq^ CaVsIs CathoLICos VeXent, EXAolTENTq^ saCros. More sVo VIVant, nIhIL hInC VarIabItVr In re. ILLInC In CVnCtIs arbIter aptVs erIt. reLLIgIosorVM ConsVrgVnt sICVt et ^des, Vt datVr hIC VarIIs s^pe VIdere LoCIs. hIC qVIa sVb sanCta noVa dantVr reLLIgIone LVMIna, spero bonVs sIC qVIa ChrIstVs aget. se MeLIor faCtVs popVLVs VVLgarIs et Ipse ConspICItVr, DiGNfc qV^rIt hIC esse bonVs. )= 1598 h 1598 h 1598 r 1598 1598 r 1598 ]- 1598 1598 y 1598 1598 r t598 \ 1598 h 1598 ^ The name of the author. 28 2l8 OMEL fceMIna pLVs aLIXs CERxk deVota probatVr, AD saCra ConCVrrIt seXVs VxERq, LVbens, pLVres VenerVnt nVnC ad se^ perCVtIenteM ; HoC Vt agant CVnCtI, det bonVs Ipse deVs. qVare pVra satIs eCCLesIa^ nostra VIdetVr, qV.e qVasI VIrgo nItet, sIt MaCVLata LICet. qVadragInta VeLVt CVM CastIgata sVb annIs sInt peCCata ; qVIbVs ConVenIt Ira deI f qVm nVnC Inde pIIs CcepIt MItesCere VaLde, pLVrIbVs In rebVs qVod patet, Vrq^ LoCIs. qVI VeL AMICIxIyE DAT taLIa dona LVbenter, CETERA ConVersIs VlXq^ negare CVpIt. eX qVIbVs aC aLIIs VaLde sperare LICebIt, qV6d neC adhVC nobIs aVferet Ipse fIdeM. restat at hIC VnVM, preCIbVs qV6 qVILIbet ILLVd eXpetat, ATq^ sIbI hoC rIte reposCat agens. hInC CaVeat VeLVtI, VIta ne CaVsa sIt ILLe, qVod deVs a nobIs aVferat ILLe fIdeM. ATq, sVa VItI CVnCtIs pr^LVCeat Inde, In doMIno VeLVtI IVsta LVCerna pIo. naM pIa VIta qVasI LVX est, qV^ LVCet In orbe ; HiEREsIs hInC tenebras peLLIt AGlTq^ proCVL. H^REsIs hIC tVrpI VIta sIC pLVrIbVs orta est, iioC Vt ab eXeMpLIs Cernere rIte VaLes. o deVs hanC nobIs ConserVa reLLIgIoneM, kXpVrgans, qVICqVId non tIbI IVre pLaCet, aC fIdeI donVM pLVs nobILe dehInC QVoq3 serVa, VeL pater hIC aVge sanCtIVs Inde tVIs : sICVt et hVC reVoCa, nVper qVI sponte retrorsVM dIsCessere pIIs, nVnC In oVILe deI. 1_ 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 CAPUT II. Speratur idem ex miraculis, quae passim fiunt ex merito et intercessione Beatse Virginis. est aLIVd MIhI, qVo Certe pLVs spero, VeL ILLVd, CrebresCVnt VarIIs qV5d proba sIgna LoCIs. hIC In prInCIpIo IVste QVoq^ faCta fVerVnt, CVM pLantata fIdes, sVrgeret, aVCta fVIt. h.eC VeLVtI testes VeterIs sVnt reLLIgIonIs : hInC apVd h^retICaM nVLLa VIdere qVeas. CathoLICI soLI VaLde L^.tantVr ab ILLIs Ver6, qVod eXIstat hIs QVoq^ MVLta fIdes. }= T598 }= 1598 }= 1598 1 Tsaiah ix. 13, Vulgate. ^ Canticum canticorum Salomonis i. 3 Psalm ix. ■* This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes 1748' OMEL. H^C nVnC PR/ECIpVk fIVnt preCe VIrgInIs orbe, aVXILIaTRICeS DAT BONA S^PE ManVs. H^C EST steLLa MarIs, sIgnIs pLVs fVLget; et eXIn Nos H^C eX VarIIs attrahIt Vsq^ I.oCIs. aC qV6d In haC patrIa pLVres abIere retrorsVM ;. VVLt pife, VtI CVrrant hTsCe ad oVILe deL partIbVs h^C VarIIs CoMpLVrIa faCta probantVr, Vt nVLLVs DiGNfc nesCIat ILLa pIVs. nVnC, VeLVtI aC oLIM, spLendet saCra VIrgo LaretP pLVrIbVs e sIgnIs, qV^ sat VbIc^ patent. In qVo sVsCepIt ChrIstVM, patet eCCe CVbILe ; et qVod sVb honore pIo fIt, VenerantVr IbI. nVnC brabantInas fVLget saCra VIrgo per Vrbes eX sIgnIs MVLtIs, sICVt et Inde LoCIs. HESPERlAsq^ pLagas, haLLensI^ eX Vrbe refVLgens, nVnC His IMpLeVIt, sICVt et ILLa prIVs. MerrIdIonaLI pLVs aspro-CoLLe^ refVLsIt nVper, Vti CVnCtI rIte VIdere qVeVnt. qV^ VeLVt h^retICIs eX aLto CoLLe refVLgens, sVb VarIIs sIgnIs steLLa MarIna trahIt. nVnC orIentaLI LVXIt QVoq^ CandIda partI, ET sVb oMeL'^ CresCVnt VNDlq^ sIgna pIa, VICInVs LoCVs est VaLde geLdrensIbVs orIs, astensI et VILLiE^ hIC Mod6 IVre sVbest. aC aLIVs LoCVs est, qVI non proCVL abstat ab Isto, pLVrIMa qVo fIVnt VeL pIa sIgna bonIs ; dICItVr aC arLen, qVI non proCVL eXstat ab heLMont' DE qVIbVs at statVI rIte taCere tIbI ; ILLa qVod haVd VaLVI sat sIgna probata VIdere, sICVt adhVC Cert^ posCo VIdere MIhL sIC aqVILonarI patrI^ pLVs LVXIt ab oMnI parte, IbI ne VaLde C^Ca VeL Vsq^ foret. o deVs eX sIgnIs hanC attrahe pLVrIbVs aCtIs IVre LoCIs, VeL eI stet QVoq^ steLLa MarIs. qV^e sVb oMeL sVnt faCta pIIs, saCra sIgna VIdebo, PER qV^ pLVs fVLsIt hIC qVasI steLLa bonIs. qVaLIter AST ICoN, ConVentVs sIVe CapeLLa VenerIt, eXpedIens sat tIbI IVre CanaM. EST ICoN prIM6, sVrgIt post IVre CapeLLa, ConVentVs seqVItVr post VeLVt ILLe tIbI. 1 = / h y )- 219 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 X598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 ^ Domus Lauretana, the " Casa Santa " at Loreto in Italy. Here the author has adapted the word to the chronogram by leaving out a superfluous letter V. " Domus Hallensis, ^ Domus Aspricollis. * Domus Omelensis. ^ The town of Asten. ^ The town of Helmond. 220 OMEL. CAPUT III. Quomodo Conventus in Omel, vulgb Marie-Schoot dictus, primb erectus sit, et qui sorores ibi vivant. DE qVo ConVentV LICeat MIhI paVCa referre, qVaLIter adsVrgIt, VeL bene CreVIt IbI. tertIa franCIsCI dVM regVLa sanCta sorores IVstIVs eXornat, sanCtIfICaVIt oVes. eX ferVore reCens pLantatIo dICItVr orta ; CresCIt, Vt eXCreVIt, de pIetate nIMIs. MVLtIpLICantVr adhVC neC IbI perIere sorores, eXCreVere vlk; pLVs dabIt Inde deVs. est LoCVs arCtVs lis (ALlBlq^ hIsCe aMpLIor eXstat) hVC sI persons qVando VenIre petVnt. hIC Mod6 persons sVperant ; LoCVs arCtVs at eXstat : \ pLVres VenIssent, sI LoCVs esse qVeat. J qVas fVror h^retICVs, neC dIstVrbaVIt IbI oLIM, \ protegIt has ChrIstVs, pLVs pLaCVere deo. nVnC REG It has reCtrIX IbI VIrgo MarIa seCVnda, pLVrIbVs aC annIs dIrIgIt ILLa plii. qVInqVagInta saCra hIC Mod6 VIXIt reLLIgIone annIs j hInC nVper IVbILat ILLa pifc. Inde seCVnda IVVat sVbreCtrIX VIrgo Iohanna, IaM ChrIsto pLaCeant hIC bene, et Vsq^ deo. CIrCIter ante annos IbI seXagInta fVerVnt, eXort^ CItIVs hIC pLaCVI:re Modo. tVnC prIor InCepIt de goer pIa VIrgo MarIa, ConstrVXIt reCtrIX sIC IbI L.eta pIIs. VnICa IVnCta fVIt soror hIC, eLsbena fVIt qV^ strVCtVraM parIter ConstItVere vlk. eX hVMILI sVrgVnt LoCa reLLIgIosa LVbenter, et Vera CresCVnt e pIetate sIbI. spIrItVs oranteM doCVIt qVasI s^pIVs ILLIC, VVLt proIn, InCepIt, perfICIt, egIt opVs. s^pIVs aVdIVIt VoCeM sIbI taLIter orans : InCIpe, perfICIes, qVICqVId agendo CVpIs, ante CrVCeM sVppLp:X ChrIsto bene presto preCatVr qVa bene VoX taLIs personat aLta satIs. perfICIetVr opVs, obstaCVLa nVLLVs In ILLo hIC hoMo IVre qVeat opposVIsse satIs. pro sIgno CVIVs MVLIer pLVs iLLa notetVr, fcetVs et aCCedens, fILIVs eIVs erIt. sVsCIpIet ChrIstI VIVVs baptIsMa^ pVeLLVs, ILICo perfICIas fortIs Vt apta pIIs. h )- 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 ^ This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes 1597. 2 Signum unde mater confortabatur. OMEL. VoX pIa pastorI IVssIt CIt6 sIgnIfICarI oMnIa : qVod feCIt sICVt et ILLa LVbens. eX se nIL feCIt tVM, non CIto CredIdIt: APxk, NE LeVIs eXIstens Corde VeL IstVd agat. ConsVLVIt doCtos VarIos pIa VIrgo MagIstros, E SE NIL VoLVIt; tVnC bene doCta fVIt: LVCEq^ C^LestI fVIt et LoCVs Iste notatVs, In qVo VIrgInIbVs stat pIa faCta doMVs. EST LoCVs abIeCtVs, qVI dICItVr oMeL In^ asten, iEDlCVLi gaVdet qVI QVoq^ PRESTO pIa. dICItVr ILLe sInVs genItrICIs Vslq^ MarI^, EST LoCVs egregIVs, gratVs Vt ILLe pIIs. eCCe sInVs MatrIs reqVIeI est, CeV LoCVs aptVs. fILIVs haVd aLIo tVtIor esse potest. proprIetas proCVL hInC, pestIs qV^ reLLIgIonIs, pLVrIbVs eXVrens, robVr et oMne LoCIs. aC non InVIdI^e LoCVs est, aMor eXpVLIt arCens, FERREq^ VeL ferrI qVod dIdICere dIV. His ferVet pIetas, VIrtVs ConCordIa VInCIt, pLVs sVperat sanCtVs, reLLIgIosVs aMor. Mens In CorporIbVs VarIIs hIs VnICa degIt, IVrgIa ConspICIes haVd oCVLatVs IbL VIrtVtVM fLores dIVersos proCreat IstIC paVpertas, pLaCVIt, VtILIs ILLa qVoq^ est. hIC neC opes peperIt faLLaCes pr^VIa VIrtVs, adIVVat has doMInVs, CeV Labor Ipse pIVs. DEq^ Labore sVo (dIdICerVnt dVCere fVsVM) Contents VIVVnt, Vt pLaCet arte Labor. Carne sVb hVMana C.eLestIs VIta fIt ILLIC, qVod Caro non habVIt, spIrItVs VnVs habet. Vnde pIe rapIVnt sIbI MeL pLVs dVLCe sorores eX ChrIstI CeLLa, qV.e pIa VIna tenet. hIC sed et InCIpIVnt, qVod agent pLVs pLVrIbVs annIs; aLLeLVIa CanVnt, post gVoq^ fIat, aMen. }= 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 CAPUT IV. Qualiter inventa sit imago D. Virginis in Omel. VIrgInIs aC ICon CoLItVr sVb honore VeL IstIC, parVa fVIt, parIter LIgnea VIsa MIhI. hIC VeLVt aC aLIbI statV^, bene ConspICIVntVr vkvNjE, stans hVMILIs fort^ qV6d egIt ea. VIrgInIs AST ICoN datVr ante, fIt Inde saCeLLVM, ConVentVs VeLVtI, faCtVs ab Inde patet. 1598 1598 1598 ^ The full name of the locality. 222 OMEL. }= 1598 1598 qVaLIter h/eC ILLVC qVondaM qVocj^ Venerat ICon 1 ^ g VIrgInIs, ATl-ENDAS nVnC BENE, DEInDE VIdE. / vimC In poste stetIt, VeL VIsa refertVr et ILLIC Mane prIVs : nVLLVs sCIt satIs, Vnde datVr. pLebs Vt ConspeXIt, LoCat hanC In VIrgInIs ara \ astensIs teMpLI tVnC QVoq, IV re sVo. J aLtera LVX orItVr, qVando IaM CernItVr ICon ) ^ g In Longo trVnCo, sICVt et ante, tIbI. / reddIt at hanC rVrsVs, VeLVt antea, VIrgInIs ar^ \^ g pLebs saCra, sIC teMpLo tVnC IbI IVre sVo. / ^^ adVoCat aC IstVC pastoreM, sIgnIfICaVIt 1 g IpsI QViEq^, VeLVt IVre deCere pVtat; / ^^ aC petIt, Vt pastor CLaVdat nVnC ostIa teMpLI ) ^ g qVod fIt IVre, VeLVt pastor Id Ipse CVpIt. ) ' ^^ Mane sVoq^ LoCo, VeLVt antea, perstItIt ICon; qVaLIter at VenIat, sCIt QVoq^ nVLLVs IbI. angeLVs IstVC an forsan sIbI noCte reVeXIt, ) ^ ^ g aVt aLIter faCtVM sIt, dVbItare LICet. / ^^ qVaLIter Id faCtVM sIt, non aIt VLLVs apert^: qVICqVId erat, VaLet Is post In honore LoCVs. }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 CAPUT V. Qualiter hsec imago coeperit ibi honorari. hInC In CIsteLLa non CLaVsa ponItVr ICon, est VbI VIsa prIVs, tVM QVoq^ presto datVr. CcepIt honorarI VerI: gVoq^ sanCtIVs IstIC, )^ g ConsVrgVnt sICVt pLVrIMa sIgna QVoq^. / E VeterI Constant h/eC tradItIone parentVM, VICInVs popVLVs sIC qVocj^ IVre CanIt. sIC VoX est pLebIs Constans et Magna fIdeLIs, ILLa pII Veteres rIte LoqVVntVr adhVC. h^eC QVoq^ IVdoCVs de berkeL bVsCodVCensIs CIVIs deposVIt, MlRAq^ IVre CanIt. ILLe LICet CIVIs, VIVens habItabat In oMeL iEGER, CVratVr, pLVra VIdebat oVans. }= 1598 ]= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 CAPUT VI. Qualiter, et per quern ibi sacellum construatur, et qualiter imago exaltetur. QVaLIter ast ILLIC strVItVr post fort^ saCeLLVM, |^ g eXpedIet prorsVs te gVoq^ sCIre tIbI. ; MerCator dIVes pLVs, hIs fVIt eCCe dIebVs, \^ g dICtVs Iohannes VanderhaVen fVIt hIC. \VIgat hIC peLagVs, Magnes VbI ferrea s tentVs hIC, hInC VeLVt aC FORTi: LIgatVr IbI. naVIgat hIC peLagVs, Magnes VbI ferrea serVat: 1 g ^ This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes 1698. OMEL. In VIt^ VIXIt Certo dIsCrIMIne VaLde j qVId faCIat, nesCIt ; terrItVs ILLe stetIt. aVdIt hIC In soMno, VoX taLIa dIXIt et ILLI : VIrgInIs hInC ICon perstet honore saCro : sl posCas VbI six, sVb oMeL post aspICIetVr. hanC qVod hIC eXtoLLet, VoVIt abInde deo. hInC eXorta fVIt teMpestas, abstrahIt ILLInC, naVIgat aC L^tVs, qV6 bene qVIppe CVpIt. AD LIttVs sed VbI L^etYs deVenerat, IstInC qV^rIt oMeL CVrrens, aC CIto VIdIt oVans. SOLVERE VVLt, strICte qVod sic proMIserat Ipse: ICon VIsa fVIt, qVo fVIt ante, Loco. abstVLIt hInC seCVM, reddat qVo pVLChrIVs aVro; non poterat pLanI;, qVICqVId Is egIt eI. aLtera ConstrVItVr de sVMptIbVs ILLIVs ICon aVro sat pLan^ QViE sIbI pVLChra stetIt, attVLIt hanC Vt e6 portans, IVNclTq, prIorI Vt CIsta pVLChra; CLaVdIt UTRAMq^ pIVs. ANGELICAsq^ NoV^ STATViE tVnC ILLe fIgVras ConIVngIt qVatVor, sICVt agendo nIMIs obtegIt aC aVro, naVIs posVIxq^ tabeLLA hIC speCIeM, VeLVtI qVa sIbI VeCtVs erat. aC sCrIptVra fVIt, per qVeM saCra VIrgInIs ICon eXaLtata foret, tVnC qVasI forsan aIt : VanderhaVen feCIt, pLene qVod VIrgInIs ICon eXaLtata tIbI sIC Modo pVLChra datVr. IVdoCVs berkeL PRiEDlCTVs QV.Eq^ saCeLLo HoC qV6d VIdIsset, dIXIt Is Ipse Monens. H^C IbI nVnC abeVnt; per qVos seV qVaLIter, ILLVd nesCIo : STANS ICon, est VbI VIsa, Manet. HoC at Ioannes VeL VanderhaVen sIbI dICtVs, Vt doMVs hIC ChrIsto ConstItVatVr, agIt, ContVLIt argentI pondVs CIt5 sICVt et aVrI, Inde saCeLLVM fIt VIrgInIs IstVd IbI. hInC abIt, eXstrVItVr sanCte post rIte saCeLLVM, sVb qVo post ICon VIrgInIs apta patet: H^C Ita IVdoCVs de berkeL bVsCodVCensIs IstIC deposVIt, VERAq^ dIXIt aMans. sIC dVo presbyterI, qVIbVs hIC dant pasCVa noMen ; henrICVs VeLVtI, sIC QVoq^ frater aIt. pVbLICVs ILLa tIbI CeV rIte notarIVs InqVIt, ContestatVr eIs sICVt et Ipse nIMIs. sic VeL Iohannes VerbeerdonCk bVsCodVCensIs sIgnaVIt propria, CeV pIVs Ipse, ManV. 223 1598 1598 1598 1589 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 ' This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes only 1548. 234 OMEL. CAPUT VII. Qualiter sacellum post amplificatum fuerit. EST pIVs Ipse LoCVs dILeCtVs dIgnIor, oLIM ) qV6d pr^ ConCVrsV sat sIbI aprVVs erat. /^ ^59° SAT sIbI parVVs erat ; pLVs ConstrVXIsse CoaCtI, ) deJICIVnt MVros, et bene teCta pIa. /^ ^598 sic obLata deI MlRk QVoq^ CresCere VIdI, ) _ qV^ VarIe CresCVnt eX pIetate graVI. /" ^598 ConfLVIt hVC pIa pLebs VarIIs e partIbVs, IstIC Vt soLVat doMIno Vota saCrata sVo. aC qVIa ConCVrsVs popVLI fIt tantVs, ab IstInC ) _ grandIor eX donIs fIt bene sanCta doMVs. J^ ^598 fIt noVa tVnC speCIes teMpLI QVoq^, sIVe saCeLLI, qVod post perfICIVnt, Vt QVoq^ rIte patet. aC tVM neC paVCas CVras habVere sorores, ) _ qVando Laborantes eXCIpIendo IVVant. /"~ ^598 eXCIpIendo IVVant ; In CVnCtIs rIte MInIstrant. \ _ pro qVo qV6d posCant, neC tenVere, doLent. /"" ^59° sVMptIbVs In proprIIs haVd ^edIfICare LICebat, IntVs Vt a reLIqVIs sIC LoCVs esset IbI ; .edIbVs eX proprIIs CVperent Intrare saCeLLVM, ) _ CLaVso ponte sVo sIC IbI rIte sVpra. /^ ^S9o sIC In dIVInIs dIsIVngI rIte reposCVnt, ) _ aMpLIor Vt reLIqVIs sIC LoCVs esse qVeat. /^ ^598 aC Ita qV6 ChrIsto MeLIVs serVIre LICeret, IVre seqVestrarI tVnC VoLVere pIe. H^C satIs eXposCVnt ConCedI posse sorores : 1 _ o non Ita VVLt popVLVs, sed Mod6 stVLtVs obest. /~ ^^^ hInC pro VIrgInIbVs pLVs soLLICItatVr Id, Inde \ _ Vt doMVs hIC ChrIstI rIte daretVr eIs. /~ ^59^ hIC habVere pIos, sInCeros sICVt aMICos; - \ _ AT paVCos VaLde, qVI sat VBlq^ IVVant: j~ ^598 effICItVr per qVos, qV6d rIte CapeLLa daretVr ) _-^ ILLIs VIrgInIbVs, qVaM saCra Vasa regant. /~ Vnde LoCo teMpLI proprII fIt IVre CapeLLa, ) _ sVb qVo VIrgInIbVs VeL sVa saCra darent. /~ ^598 hanC dVM ConVentVs CepIt sIbI rIte, sorores \ _ effICIVnt dICt^, qVod VoLVere prIVs. /~ ^598 slGNAq^ pLVs Vere fceLICIVs Inde CorVsCant, \ _ VIrgInIs In preCIbVs pLVs, MerItIscj^ pIIs. j ~ ^^^ o si IaM detVr LaVdes CeCInIsse perapte ") _ „ VIrgInIs: hoc fceLIX, CeV QVoq^ L^tVs ero. /~ ^59» ^ This chronogram is faulty in the original ; it makes only 1548. }- 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 }= 1598 OMEL. 225 CAPUT IIX. {i.e. VIII.). De signis quae in Omel contigerunt. nVnC tIbI de sIgnIs, IstIC qV^ faCta doCentVr, VIrgInIs In LaVdeM dIXero, slCq^ deI. HiEC eXCVsa prIVs patrIo serMone, LatIna sICVt et hInC LIngVa pIngere IVre VoLo. sVb CVIVs Mea sCrIpta fIde dabo qVm<^ LIbeLLI, neC dVbIto qVIn sInt Vera, peraCta gVoq,. neC dVbItare petas, pLan^ sI MIra VIdentVr : tVnC agIt h^C ChrIstVs, nVnC Ita IVre QVoq^. VIrgInIs et PRECIbVs DANTVr pLVs sIgNA BEATiE, QViE ChrIstI CoLLVM sepe VoCata fVIt. qV6d VeLVtI CoLLo CIbVs oMnIs tendat In artVs, VIrgIne sic ChrIstVs dat sVa dona potens. taLIa per Vestes, sVdarIa, sICVt et VMbras faCta VeL InVenIes, Vt tIbI CVnCta LegIs. AN NGN A ChrIsto genItrIX QVoq^ sanCta VaLebIt, qVod sanCtI pLVres hIC VaLVere nIMIs? eIVs et hIC ICon an non bona rIte VaLebIt, VMbra qVod hIC petrI, tVnC VeLVt Ipsa VaLet. qVos VVLt Ipse deVs, sIC hIC QVoq^ ChrIstVs honorat, Vt petIt, et taLI IaM gVoq^ rIte LoCo. paVCVLa de MVLtIs VoLVI nVnC dICere sIgna, gViE Constant notIs testIbVs, ATq^ pIIs. qVm nVper sVnt faCta Cano pIa, prIsCare LInqVens, de qVIbVs haVd Constat nVnC MIhI rIt^ satIs. sIC VoLVens doLVI, qVod non saCra sIgna sVb oMeL sVnt ConsCrIpta prIVs, sIVe notata pIIs. haVd fraVs h^retICI fVerat tVnC nota fIdeLI, haVd CIrCVMspeCtI pr^esto fVere VIrI. haVd InCerta CanaM, nVnC qV.e Constare VIdentVr, pVbLICa nota satIs VersIbVs aIo pIIs. 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 PRIMUM MIRACULUM. lohanna uxor lohannis ab Heessel, quae caeca oculo sinistro dolores gravissimos patiebatur, tribus Sabbatis visitata B. Virgine in Omel, visum recipit. LIberabatVr patIens Iohanna, pLVs IohannIs bene MIra ConIVnX, sCrIba IVratVs patrI^ LIbenter ILLe reCessIt, heesseL hIC DiGNk fVerat VoCatVs, gnata gIsbertI fVIt ILLa petrI, CVMq^ sanatVr, VIdVata Constat, nata sed In roy : 29 1598 1598 226 OMEL. QViE deCeM, tres et, qVatVor VeL annos NATA VIVebat, oCVLo sInIstro CiECA fIebat, patIens doLores POST IbI dVros. QVlNq^ ET HiEC ANNOS, qVatVor VeL, ILLos PERT ; AT a nVLLo poterat J VVarI : In DEO sperat MagIs, aC beata VIrgIne sanCtL H^C DEHInC SVasV bene GENOVEFiE oMeL aCCessIt; VeLVtI doLores sensIt aVferrI : sIbI dIVes ergo GAVdET APERTfe. sabbatIs IVIt QVoq^ Conseq Venter H^C trIbVs : sanCt^ qVod UbI peregIt, Ipsa perfeCt^ VIdet, et doLore tVM Caret .egro. pVbLICo sCrIpto VaLeas MonerI PR.ESTO : gIsbertVs bonVs et deCanVs In dVCIs-syLVa^ gVoq, testIs esset spoNTfc sororI. pastor henrICVs, CVI noMen est A PAsCVIs, testIs qVeat aptVs esse ; LItterIs sVadet, VeLVtI pateret hasCe LegentI. MIRACULUM SECUNDUM. Henricus ab Hersel claudus gressum recipit. CLaVdVs It henrICVs abs herseL, VIsItat oMeL : CLVnIbVs VnItVs pes stetIt aLter eI. CoLLIgIt eX dVMIs Lanas, qVas offerat ILLIC, /ES qVod non fVerat : sIC IbI paVper oVat. sVb saCro sVppLeX genItrICI sIstItVr aLM^, deVotVs ChrIsto sVppLICat Inde deo. CVM sonItV grato pes CLVne resoLVItVr aLter, reCtVs abIt, hVIVs sCIpIo restat IbI. pVbLICa faMa CanIt, testes sInt IVre sorores, dICtVs Vt paroChVs eX genItrICe graVI : qV^e testata fVIt, sonItVM qVod pr^esto reCepIt, aVrIbVs aCCepIt sICVt et ILLe sVIs. H^C, antIqVa VeLVt, qVo sVnt IbI faCta sVb anno, nesCItVr ; MerIt6 tVte IbI faCta sCIas. Ti stIbVs h^C CertIs reLIqVIs pLVs Certa probantVr, In MVLtIs sICVt IVre probare qVeas. I. = 1598 - 1598 1"= 1598 = 1598 = 1598 r r i \_ r 1598 1598 1598 1598 1598 1.598 }= 1598 ^ This chronogram is so in the original ; it makes only 1597. * .Silva-Ducis, the town of Bois-le-Duc in North Brabant, now known as Herzogenbusch. ' This chronogram is so in the original ; it makes only 1 548. OMEL. 227 haCtenVs eCCe dato VersVs nVMeraLIter Vno, Vt Certo, posVI : nVnC VarIando dabo. aC sVb eo faCIaM, qVo sIgna peraCta doCentVr, dehInC Ni; qVIs dVbIVs VoLVeret Ista sIbI. }= 1598 }= 1598 TERTIUM MIRACULUM. Anna de Pas religiosa monasterii S. Barbarge in Rynsberch, muta duobus annis cum medio, loquelam recuperat. LIberabatVr soror anna de pas : BARBARA k CLaVsTRO PROBE oMeL ADIbAT, Axq^ de rynsberCh : bene gaVdet ILLa, qVando reCedIt. non LoqVens anno MedIo et dVobVs STABAT H^C ; dIgne sed oMeL adIbat ; ORAT ET sanCte:, TAClTi:q^ pLane, doneC et Vs{j^. post dIes oCto, bene MVta, faCta EST LoqVens (CERTk pater esse testIs hIC potest) oras proprIas reposCens, gaVdet abVnde. MIRACULUM DECIMUM. lohanna filia Henrici Reyntkens, per quatuor septimanas cseca, visui restituitur. Vrbe geLdrensI gVoq^ Chara gnata VIXIt henrICo, fVIt aC trIennIs. C^Ca bIs bInIs VbI septIManIs • EST IoHANNA, asten aCCedVnt CVpId^ parentes : IVngItVr proLes Veneranter Vna ; hInC et aLtarI bene presto fIVnt VIrgInIs aLM^e. Vt preCes fVndVnt doMIno parentes, CernIt en proLes : CIto dIXIt IstIs : ICones pLVres VIdeo patentes, gaVdeo pLane. hInC pII; gaVdent parIter parentes, aC aCVM LabI sVbIt6 sInebant, Vt LeVet proLes sVa, sI VIderet : qVod faCIt Ipsa. EST pater Cert^ bonVs ILLe testIs, sICVt ET de breI doMInVs gerardVs : HoC ET ^dILes dVo, pr.^sto qVI sVnt, testIfICantVr. = 1574 1574 = 1599 1599 L 1599 1600 = 1599 ^ This chronogram is so in the original ; it contains two letters M, doubtless an oversight, consequently it makes 2574. 228 OMEL. )- MIRACULUM XL Nicolaus Lutzenburgensis tribus annis csecus, visum recuperat. LVtzenbergensI e fVndo nICoLaVs adIVIt : C/eCVs nIL annIs VIderat ILLe trIbVs. ConfIdens ChrIsto deVotVs adIVIt In oMeL fIt sVppLeX VaLde sICVt et ILLe patrI. Vt sVppLeX faCtVs fVIt, Is CIto CernIt apertI;. strICkIVs et pastor dICIt Id esse ratVM. dICIt Id esse ratVM, sanCte Vt qV^esIVIt ab Ipso; sIC FASsVs fVerat tVnc nICoLaVs eL MIRACULUM XII. Henricus filius Matthise ab Heez per horam submersus, veto a matre facto D. Omelensi, vivus supernatat aquis. eX heez MATTHliE gnatVs fVIt eCCe pVeLLVs, ATq^ henrICVs IbI dICItVr Ipse LIbens. A genItrICe sVa proCVL at CVM LVderet Inde, hInC sVb aqVas sVbIt6 LabItVr Ipse sIbI. post genItrIX proLeM VerI: CIto qV^rIt VBlq^, nVnC hIC nVnC aLIbI, pLorat et Ipsa QVoq^. ConfIdens ChrIsto, et preCIbVs genItrICIs ad oMeL, VoVerat, h^eC genItrIX, qV6d sVbItVra foret. post hor^ spatIVM, VeL CIrCIter, eCCe VIdebat, fILIoLVs VIVens qV6d natItaret aqVIs. qVod VoVI;re, CIt6 tVnC CoMpLeVere parentes, sICVt Id agnosCVnt, qVando rogantVr eI. qVando rogantVr eI, dICent sIC CertIVs IpsI, ConVentVs VeLVtI Mater et ILLVd aIt. MIRACULUM XV. Pater Conventus in Rien liberatur k morbo caduco. eXtItIt In rIen pater VnICVs ILLe, CadVCo hIC VIVVs Morbo s.«pe Laborat IbI, aC tota s^pe CVbVIt qVasI MortVVs hora, aCCedIt CVpIdVs, LIber Vt esse qVeat. oMeL Vt IntraVIt, VoLVIt CeLebrare ; VIdetVr Cor frangI, perfert, VVLt CeLebrare bonVs. LIber Is effICItVr, Morbo Cessante CadVCo, VIXIt adhVC sanVs post tIbI rIte dIV. MIRACULUM XVI. Elisabetha prsedicti Patris soror liberatur etiam a morbo caduco eLIsabetha, soror dICtI patrIs Vna, CadVCo VIXIt et In Morbo ; Is CreVIt, Vt ILLa, qVoc^. }- }= 1599 1 / 1599 \- 1599 }- 1599 1599 1599 1599 1599 1599 1599 )= 1600 )- 1600 V 1600 u 1600 1600 ^ This chronogram, intended to make 1599, is defective ; it is so in the original, and makes only 594. OMEL. hVC soCIata sVbIt, qV^ tVnC et LIbera CessIt VIrgInIs e preCIbVs : sanVs VxERq^ nIMIs. CVIVs erVnt testes IbI, qV^ VIdere, sorores : ILLIC CVM fIVnt sIgna, VIdere LICet. MIRACULUM XIIX. Christianus filius Petri Elkens hernia liberatur. ChrTstIanVs sic QVoq^ dICtVs eLkens, gnatVs aC petrI graVIter Laborat hernIa VaLde MedIo sVb anno, Vt sIbI toto. spondet attendens genItrIX In oMeL VIrgInIs DiViE qV6d honor Is ergo sanCta sVCCedet : qV6d Vt Ista feCIt, hernIa Cessat. MIRACULUM XXV. Filia Theodorici Venlonensis herniosa, ab hernia liberatur. et VenLon^^ CIVIs erat theodorICVs, ortVs eX breMe,2 CVI VaLde fILIa Chara fVIt. annIs nata fVIt (VeL CIrCIter) ILLa dVobVs ; sVb fLetV MVLto rVpta sed ILLa fVIt. fraCta fVIt VaLde, VeLVt hernIa rVperat ILLaM : ILLIVs Vnde parens CondoLVIt graVIter. nVnCVpat hInC VotVM dIV^e : sIC hernIa CessIt; et CVrata fVIt. post bene VIrgo VaLet. fILIoL^e IVnCtVs pater anno eXInde seCVndo oMeL, VtI deCVIt, approperat CVpIdVs. AVoVsTlq^ dIe prIMo deVenIt hIC ILLVC. eX Ipso nosCVnt, qV6d bene fraCta VaLet. doMInICVs pastor VenLon^^ eXsCrIpsIt et ILLVd, aC testatVr adhVC, qVod foret IstVd Ita. MIRACULUM XXVI. Henricus Nicolai, graviter hernia laborans, inuatur. sICVt henrICVs QVoq^ nICoLaI, hernIa VaLde graVIter Laborans, LIber eVasIt, pIetate grandI Vt IVIt In oMeL. ZONA, qVa CInCtVs fVerat, soLVta est, qVAMq^ IbI dVCtV pIetatIs offert. Ista ab henrICo dIdICIt Iohannes restIVs Ipso. 229 1600 1600 = 1600 = 1601 h )- )- 1602 1602 1602 1602 1602 i6o2 1602 = 1603 = 1603 ' The town of Venlo. ' The town of Bremen. 230 OMEL. ]- MIRACULUM XXXIII. A sanguinis fluxu Isabella ab Arssen liberatur. eCCe QVoq^ Isabella eX arsseM fILIa petrI sangVInIs a fLVXV LIbera faCta fVIt. h.eC trIbVs et qVatVor de fLVXV sangVInIs annIs ConfeCta, In MedICos non Ita paVCa dedIt. CredIta proIn MedICIs fVIt InCVrabILIs. Vnde eXIVIt dVCtV reLLIgIonIs e6. PRESTO patrI sVppLeX CIto faCta est, et QVoq^ MatrI : sangVInIs hInC fLVXV LIbera CessIt ea. sic dIXIt, Confessa VIrIs tVM rIte dVobVs, sic ET ConVentVs dICere sat VaLeat. MIRACULUM XL. Jacobus Pneu et Petrus Pneu a morbo comitiali^ liberantur. septeM annos passVs deLIqVIa Crebra IaCobVs pneV, hInC IbI ConVaLVIt aVXILI ante deo. aLtera dehInC petrVs de pneV deLIqVIa passVs, saCrat^ aCCepIt VIrgInIs aVXILIVM. HoC IbI tVnC patrI deCLarat Vtercj^; dIes Vt seX, et VICenos IVnIVs eMICVIt. MIRACULUM XLIII. Maria lohannis ex Hynsberch filia, a mira corporis inflatione liberatur, eXIIt eX hynsberCh IanI ILLVC fILIa Mayken, Ventre ade6 Crasso, dVCta sIt Vt graVIda. anXIVs ICCIrCo Id genItor, M^STVsq^, pVtaVIt, qV5d foret h^C proLes hInC obItVra breVI. aC fVerat VarIIs MedICInIs VsVs, et aptIs : qVeIs nIL profeCIt, qVICqVId Is egIt hVIC. qV6CIrCa genItor ter, IVnCta proLe, sVbIVIt oMeL. tVnC dIVa eX VIrgIne L^eta redIt, ATq^ VaLens dIXIt sIC hIC IbI IVre seqVentI ANNO, sic paroChVs strICkIVs InqVIt IteM. VIgIntI qVatVor septeMber qVando dIebVs ILLVXIt; sIgno hIC CLarVIt eCCe dea. 1_ )- ) = r )- 1603 t6o3 1603 1603 1603 1604 1604 1604 1604 1604 1604 1604 1604 1604 MIRACULUM XLVII. Sophia de Camp a vehementi et admirabili aurium tinnitu liberatur. VoTO IbI eXpLeto, redTt hInC sophIa L^TA. trICenos fVIt h^eC per annos IntVs affLICta Vsq^ adeo, Vt pVtArIt perdere sensVM ; ^ Morbus comitialis, epilepsy, or falling sickness ; so-called, says Festus, because its occurrence was considered ominous, and put a stop to business for the day at the Comitium. 1605 OMEL. aC obaVdIret sonItVs perennes. ContIgIsse ILLI refer Vnt Id ILLIC, MartIVs denIs VbI fVLsIt, Aiq^ QVINq^ dIebVs. 231 1605 MIRACULUM LIII. Gertrudis uxor Marcelli Aquisgranensis tres proles mortuas enixa, voto D. Omelensi nuncupate, quartam vivam peperit. Am MarCeLLI proba fertVr VXor, dICta gertrVdIs, peperIsse proLes TRES ABORTIVaS ; lDEOf|, dIV^ ILLICo VoVIt. qVo PROBfe VoTO, peperIt pVeLLaM Ipsa, qV^ fortIs (VeLVt et parentes) artVbVs CVnCtIs fVIt, et deCora Corpore toto. IVLII PRIMA retVLIt saCrato HoC patrI L^tans genItrIX, LVBENsq, ; eIVs et Verbo VeLVt hoC sorores rIte probarent. = 1605 1605 1605 MIRACULUM LV. Beatrix e Kessel a scabie leprse persimili liberatur. libera eXIVIt parIter beatrIX edIta In kesseL, sCabIosa pLan^, Vt VIderetVr MaCVLata Lepra In Corpore toto. at VoVet Large, qVod oMeL sVbIret. HoC VbI pr^stat, sCabIes reCedIt : qVod dIe IVLI fVIt Ipsa patrI FASSA seCVndo. = 1605 = 1605 MIRACULUM LXXIX. Emgardis Reyneri, sex septimanis caeca oculo sinistro, visum recipit. postea eMgardIs VoCItata reynarts, qYm proba et ConIVX fVerat IaCobo sCILICet donners, ope sospItata est VIrgInIs hVIVs. CveCa seX degIt qVasT septIManas, et doLebat VaLde oCVLo sInIstro. hanC, VbI VoVIt, qV6d adIret; Ipsa rIte peregIt. = 1606 = 1606 232 MIRACULOUS IMAGES. aC VIdet Vot5 sVbIto peraCto, ^. VIrgInI grates qVocj^ sospItaLI [ _ , , egIt, EDlXIxqj patrI oMeLano \ ~ CVnCta LVbenter. j -JiiJ?*?- MIRACULOUS IMAGES. SINCE the preceding pages were prepared for the press, my atten- tion was directed to a ponderous book in the British Museum library (press-mark 4807, if. 2), bearing this title : ' Atlas Marianus quo sanctae Dei genitricis Mariae imaginum Miraculosarum origines, duo- decim historiarum centuriis explicantur. Auctore Guilielmo Gump- penberg e Societate Jesu.' Munich, 1672. The author gives an account of 1,200 images of the Virgin in various parts of the world. An enlarged edition in Italian was published at Venice about fifty years ago, where the number is increased, being brought up to date, to the extent of more than 2,000 miraculous images. But even this immense work in seventeen volumes seems incomplete, when we find a Portuguese book enumerating the images of the Virgin round about Lisbon especially, and other parts of Portugal, and reckoning 1,750 in that neighbourhood alone. In Gumppenberg's work there is a short account in Latin of the image at Omel, which is to the same effect as that in the volume at Oxford from which my extracts were made. At page 979, at the narrative concerning the image No. 1,033 of ^^^ series, that image is said to have been found * in stipite sepis, alicujus averrucandis animali- bus in agro contexta' — brought there by some unknown or angelic agency ; it was carried to the parish church of Asten as a convenient place of safety, and locked up there by the ' Parochus,' the keys being deposited in his accustomed sleeping-place, with the intention of erecting a chapel for the image on the spot where it was found. Then the author says, ' Sed ecce rem vere stupendam,' the story of the mer- chant Joannes Van der Haven as related in the chronograms, who, on the evening after the finding, and while at sea in his ship and in great danger, heard a voice declaring to him that he would escape safely if he should cause the little image of the Virgin found at Asten to be removed to Omel. This was accordingly carried into effect by him in the manner related in the chronogrammatic verses. The author does not mention the date of these events. There is one remarkable feature which runs through the entire work — each narrative of the 1,200 miraculous images is preceded by an anagram on the words of the Angelic salutation, ' Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum.' These words at the Omel narrative, by transposition of the letters, make ' In lapsu Adami tu recta mane mea Virgo.' Each of the 1,200 narratives has a different anagram on the words of the salutation. A parallel to this, but on a lesser scale, is in that very remarkable work MIRACULOUS IMAGES. 233 described in Chronograms, page 458, 'Conceptus Chronographicus,' by Joseph Zoller, in which there are 100 anagrams on the same words standing at the head of the several chapters. Another series of anagrams is in a work described in Chronograms Continued, page 483, where is recorded a work by a blind author, containing 150 anagrams of somewhat similar construction on these same words. These works are astonishing efforts of patient ingenuity. Gumppenberg also relates that the merchant having made the vow to remove the image to Omel, the wind changed in his favour and carried his ship to the wished-for port; also that he took the image to a painter to be decorated with gilding, a purpose, however, that could not be effected ; the image itself cast off all the gold, ' sed ilia omne aurum respuit.' — Nevertheless plenty of gold was supplied, as if by miracle, wherewith to build the chapel to contain the image. He con- cludes his narrative by this mention of the authority on which it rests, — * Ex libello impresso et ab Episcopo loci approbato.' 30 \- 1792 }= 1792 ]- 1792 XXI. IMAGE OF THE VIRGIN MARY AT KEVELAER. T Kevelaer, in the duchy of Gelders, a commemorative jubilee was held in 1792 in honour of the Virgin Mary. A tract, 8vo., pp. 16, in my possession, was printed at Gelders, in which are preserved some poetry and 100 chronograms composed for the occasion. The title-page is chronogrammatic, as follows — TUbIL^eUM VIrgInIs keVeLarIensIs VersU DeCLaratUr, JUgIter JUbILans trIUMphatrIX rIte CoLLaUDatUr, eXaLtat^e sUpra sUperos, VersUs, ET pr^ConIUM DICatUr. DIXIt psaLtes : 1 beatUs popULUs, qUI sCIt |-= 1792 JUbILatIoneM. J Fsalm 88. The words of the last chronogram are precisely those of Psalm Ixxxviii. 16 of the Vulgate Version, and thus translated in Psalm Ixxxix. 1 5 of the English Bible Version : ' Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound.' The chronograms are all in Latin, and relate to a celebrated image of the Virgin Mary at Kevelaer in Gelderland, Netherlands. The image is alluded to in the work as * Virginis effigies ;' ' illic, effigies tam memorabilis ;' ' Kevelaria, thesaurum retinens stat celeberrima ;' but there is no particular description of it. The little work was put forth on the occasion by the anonymous author, who styles himself a little and venerating servant. Two pages are filled with laudatory phrases, and words are used where almost every letter in the chronogram is a numeral ; they are, however, only remarkable because there are so few words in the Latin language composed entirely of numeral letters. KEVELAER, 235 The following extracts fairly represent the chronograms in this curious little volume — §1. eXtat JUbIL^eUM : ConDeCorabo parVUs serVUs.^ = 1792 o VIrgo VICtrIX, DoMInatrIX! JUbILa psaLLo. = 1792 CorDIbUs eX gratIs LaUsqUe, DeCUsqUe DatUr, = 1792 annIs, DIVa tIbI, persoLVIt geLrIa^ festUM \_ a qUInqUagInta : JUbILa RiTfe CanIt. /~ ^^92 a qUInqUagInta LMTk CeLebraVIMUs annIs \_ JUbILa, DEVoxk Nos repetIta foVent. J" ^^^2 haC qUInqUagInta et CentUM transIVIt ab annIs \_ VIrgInIs effIgIes, DeIn keVeLar retInet. j "" ^^^^ feLIX Iste LoCUs thesaUro, spLenDet IMago \_ sIgnIs, thesaUrUs protegIt Iste faVens. /~ ^^^^ VIrgo regaLIs serVos DefenDe sUb aLIs ; \_ JUbILa sUnto soLo, gaUDIa JUsta poLo. j "" ^^92 §11. eXULtabUnDa CorUsCat trIUMphatrIX ; =-- 1792 aUXILIabUnDaM LUCtUoso eXaLtate. = 1792 MarIa pLena gratIa pLena Deo pLena VIrtUtIbUs. \ _ pLena gLorIa, InqVIt beatUs bonaVentUra, /~ '^^2 (In speciilo b.m.v. Led. vii. 6^r.) soLatrIX, et aUXILIatrIX pLena MIserICorDI.*:. = 1792 {Ideiu ex S. Bernardo.) pIa VIVentI ConsoLatrIX, erIt MorIbUnDo proteCtrIX. = 1792 anIMabUs patIentIbUs LIbens sUCCUrrIt aDJUtrIX. = 1792 JanUa CceLI JUge InVoCantI gaUDIUM eXhIbet. = 1792 postULantI dux, MIraCULosa LUX. = 1792 saLVe beneDICta In MULIerIbUs ; VIrgo genItrIX nosI saLVa. j= 1792 tU CoLenDa paCatrIX, serVorUM serVatrIX. = 1792 tU MIserICors, lux DeCora, eXUrgens^ aUrora = 1792 DIVa es VIVa, aC ChrIstIanIs aUXILIUM. = 1792 aVe, tU VALDk sUaVe peCCantIbUs refUgIUM ; = 1792 sUbVenI nobIs ILLUstrIs affLICtorUM aDJUtrIX ! = 1792 Da paCeM VIrgo, qUIa non est aLIa, q\Jm ) _ pUgnet pro nobIs, nIsI tU soLa soLatrIX. /~ ^^^^ gaUDIa sInt CceLIs, qUIa VIVIt VIrgo fIDeLLs, 1792 LiETANTER DegIt, NOSQUe BENIgNAJ '^'^^t''^- j VIrgo Labe Carens, prorsUs, DoMUs aUrea fULges 1 NOS hILarans refoVe, tartareosqUe fUga. } ~ '^ ^ I.e., the author. He does not mention his name. ^ The province of Gelders. * Canticles vi. 9, Vulgate. 236 KEVELAER. qVm sUpra steLLas transLata es, trIstIa peLLas, trIstI, InopIqUe faVe, MUnere DIVes aVe ! soLatrIX, nUtrIX, tUtrIX, VICtrIX, DoMInatrIX sUbVenIas pLebI, sIsqUe benIgna reIs. Nos tUtrIX fortIs De portIs erIpe MortIs serVos, atqUe VoCa, patrIa In Urbe LoCa. aVe L^ta dux, aVe soLatrIX affLICtorUM, preCes eXaUDI, VotaqUe sUsCIpe popULorUM. eXaLtetUr CUnCtorUM aDJUtrIX, CoLLaUDetUr UnIVersorUM LeVatrIX ; CoLLaUDetUr, eXaLtetUr trIUMphatrIX. MarIa reDIVIVa LUCet, InsIgnItUr; qUasI aUrora ConsUrgens.^ soLatrIX eXUrgens DILUCULUM, tUtrIX sUbLeVans DILUCULUM pLENk eXUrreXIt DILUCULUM; pLanI: eXUrreXIt DILUCULUM. aXI lux DILUCULUM. JUVa lux DILUCULUM. And so on for thirty lines more. §V. spIrItUs sanCtUs reVeLaVIt, et InspIraVIt hUMILI, et DeVot^ : beatUs Venter qUI te portaVIt, et Ubera, qU^ sUXIstI.2 qU^estIo sIt : LaUDIs qUa: sIgnIfICatIo DetUr ? et qUID sIgnIfICet: VIrgo beata parens? Jiesp : VIrgo parensqUe DeI peperIt, tULIt ] absqUe DoLore. {S. Bonav. 6-^. catholici D.) > = Ipsa IntaCta fUIt, totaqUe spLenDet oVans, ) et Donata fUIt VIVentI gratIa pLena. \ _ A qUaVIs MaCULa"^ libera VIrgo parens. j ~ And so on for twenty chronograms, each composed as an expression of praise or adoration, illustrated by a quotation from Scripture or some patristic writer ; concluding with the author's allusion to himself — geLrI/k ConCInebaM parVUs, \ _ VenerabUnDUsqUe serVUs. j ~ There are several pages of Latin verse not chronogrammatic. The whole sixteen pages and the 100 chronograms are roughly printed. All the chronograms make 1792, and there is no date in figures through- out, except that of the permission to print, as follows : ' Apographum gratiosi rescripti : Excellentissimus, ac Reverendissimus Dominus meus, examinatis, quae in scripto vestro, concernente Jubilaeum Kevelariense, 1= 1792 }= 1792 }= 1792 1792 1792 h 1792 1792 1792 1792 1792 1792 1792 1792 1792 1792 = 1792 }= 1792 1792 1792 1792 * Canticles vi. 9, Vulgate. ^ The exact words of St. Luke xi. 27, Vulgate. 2 Canticles iv. 7, Vulgate. KEVELAER. 237 continentur, pro response dedit, nihil obstare, quominus prselo com- mittantur, et pro ornatu inserviant. Haec de mandate Illustrissimi Domini mei. Ruremondse hac 17 Aprilis 1792. L. Theunissen, secret.' The concluding words of the book are on page 16, thus — eXULtabUnDe eXhIbetUr CantICUM. = 1792 JUbeL VreUght Van honDert VYftIgh Jaar, ^ _ VerbLYDt geLDer, en heeL keVeLaar. j ^19^ It is not precisely mentioned in the book that there was anything miraculous in the arrival of or the existence of the image of the Virgin at Kevelaer, as was the case with the image at Omel ; but that it was highly venerated and valued is to be inferred from expressions in the non-chronogrammatic verses, such as ' the so memorable image of the Virgin ;' * Kevelaer retains the most celebrated treasure.' It is to be inferred, also, that for 150 years the 'treasure' had been there, i.e.y from the year 1642, and probably it remains there at the present time. The tract is a very rare one. I do not know of any other copy than that which I possess. The size is 6 inches by 4^ inches, and it is very roughly printed. Kevelaer is now within the territory of Rhenish Prussia, and is said to be a great resort of pilgrims. The shrine is not included in the work by Gumppenberg quoted at page 232 ante. XXII. TREVES. T the city of Trier, as it is called in German, Treves in French, and Triveri, Treveris, or Augusta Trevirorum by the old Romans, chronograms had a flourishing time, judging by the examples which have come under my notice. The following extracts will show that among the prince- bishops of Treves the Franconian family of Schonborn held an illustrious position; and on reference to my published volumes {Chrono- grams, 1882, pages 473-480; and Chronograms Continued, 1885, pages 270- 300), it will be seen that other members of the family held prince-episcopal rank at Bamberg, Wiirzburg, and Mayence, and that special record of them is preserved in chronogrammatic literature. The ' Series Episcoporum Ecclesise Catholicse,' 4to., Ratisbon, 1873, by P. B. Gams, is a most useful book of reference for the bishoprics and the chronological lists of prelates of the Roman Church, continuously from very early dates. To that work I refer for the places named. The first tract, relating immediately to Treves, which now comes in order of date, is a laudatory composition, entirely in Latin, addressed to Carl Caspar, Archbishop and Elector of Treves, on his inauguration, bearing this title : ' Elogia paralella sacerdotis et petrse dicata reverendissimo . . . Carolo Casparo archiepisc : et electori Trevirensi, &c. . . . Cum Deo auspice sacer- dotio sacro inauguraretur. A Colleg: Academ: Societ:Jesu. Anno Christiano Cl3. DC. LIL' A second title : ' Ecce sacerdos magnus.' Ecce Sacerdotem Magnum. Cur caetera linquis ? Non nisi post vitam hsec addere verba licet. \Here his portrait^ VIVat patriae pater CaroLVs CasparVs arChIepIsCopVs et eLeCtor = 1652 treVIrensIs, VIVat, aManterqVe regat. The purpose of the tract is to draw parallels between him and firm- TREVES. 239 ness of character, as represented by the word ' Petra/ a rock, by quotations from the Bible, where the word is used in that sense, also by Latin poems, epigrams, and paraphrases on the idea. There are no more chronograms until the last page, where an invocation to the Virgin Mary concludes with this hexameter date : — Anno quo, hostIa prIMa petr^ trebetas DeLeCtat et astra. = There is another work,'as I gather from Backer's ' Bibliotheque des Ecrivains de la .Compagnie de Jesus,' but I am unable to meet with it — viz., ' Ludus quadruplex in Petra. Prselusiones, Prolusiones, Collusiones exhibens Honor! et Amori . . . Domini Caroli Caspar! de Petra . . . Coadjutoris Trevirensis . . . Anno quo, teDes Magna In petra LoCata est. Augustse Trevirorum . . . 1651,' folio 12 ff. From this it would appear that he was coadjutor pr!or to his election to the higher rank in 1652. 1652 Francis George, Count of Schonborn, Elector Archbishop of Treves (he had many other titles of territorial and personal dignity), was consecrated in 1729, at Bamberg, by his brother, Frederic Charles Schonborn, Bishop of Bamberg andl;Wurzburg. On that solemn occasion the Jesuits at their college at Bamberg composed and printed an elaborate Latin address, consisting of figurative and flattering odes in varied metre in a tract (folio, pp. 34, British Museum, 12301, m. 16), with a title filling two whole pages, boldly printed, commencing thus : * Frater a fratre, Aaron a Moyse olim in umbra : hodie in luce sacerdos magnus inunctus . . .^(and concluding) — Anno quo H^C, VIX aLterI VIsa, LiETA baMberga VIDet. Die 28 . 30. Octobris 1729.' At page 3 the event is thus mentioned and dated, and the fraternal relationship of the two prelates elucidates the leading words of the title-page — hoc anno bamberg^ frater germanus a fratre germano eLeCtor treVIrensIs ^ AB epIsCopo baMbergensI et herbIpoLensI PRESBYTER ET ArChIepIsCopVS ConseCratVs fVIt. Then follows a Latin poem, which concludes with this distich — Quis mihi tunc plausus ? Quae gaudia ? Quisque triumphus ? Tunc hsec in pario marmore verba dabo. 1729 240 TREVES. franCIsCo georgIo arChIepIsCopo et eLeCtorI treVIrensI. frIDerICo CaroLo epIsCopo et prInCIpI babebergensI et herbIpoLensI fratrIbVs feLICItas ! The remaining pages of the tract are filled with allegorical odes and poems, curious, but not chronogrammatic. -= 1729 Connected with the foregoing tract, and immediately following it, is a tract of four pages folio, two of which contain the title, the third page an explanation of the pontifical vestments and special privileges belonging to the prince-bishops of Bamberg, and used by them since the year 1053; the fourth, a set of fifteen chronograms of the year 1729, printed in the form of a pyramid, or probably it is meant to represent the pallium worn by the Archbishop. This tract was put forth when the Archbishop of Treves, Francis Charles von Schonborn, was solemnly invested by his brother, Damian Hugo Philip von Schonborn, Cardinal Bishop of Spires, with the 'Pontifical Pallium,' in the cathedral at Bamberg on October 23, 1729. The title-page commences thus — pontIfICaLe paLLIVM- PECVLIarIs PRiEROGATlVA [ _ epIsCopIs babenbergensIbVs ' ~ ^^^^ ConCessa, breviter explicatum quando, etc., etc. The last page of the tract is filled with fifteen chronograms alluding to the event, printed in the form shown below ; each chronogram, as indicated by the asterisk, makes the date 1729. Francis Lothair, therein mentioned, was Bishop of Bamberg from 1693 to 1729, afterwards Bishop of Mayence ; Frederic Charles was Bishop of Bamberg from 1729 to 1746; and Damian was Bishop of Spires from 1716 to 1743. The pyramid chronograms allude to them as a triad of brothers, three suns to enlighten the world. The last line of the pyramid (or pallium) consists of the exact words of the passage quoted from the Vulgate version of the Old Testament — TREVES. 241 A Deo oMnIa h^C faCtasVnt, qV^e seqVVntVr, pI^ grata posterItatI.* EST fontIs sVperInDVCta nVbes, rapta In astra, aVreo terras IMbre Vt reCrearet.* .enIgMa est, seD PAiET In soLe, qVI eCLIpsIn nVper patIebatVr In IanVarIo.* fVerat soL ILLe franCIsCVs LotharIVs eLeCtor, prInCeps MogonVs et PR^sVL babenberg^.,* ortVs eX an- tIqVa et perILLVstrI DoMo, sChon- bornIanI,* raDIIs Vt VIrtVtIs, Ita et sapIentI^ orbe toto Longe CLarIssIMVs* DefeCIt IpsVM gLorIos^ LVX VIt^,* qVanDo pIIs VotIs nestoreos nestorI DIes sVbDItI, anno InChoante, sVnt appreCatI.* VnDe LVCtVs faMILI^, et prope totIVs teVtonI.e.* seD reVIXIt bonVs prInCeps In »frIDerICo CaroLo epIsCopo eCCLesI^e babenbergensIs, nepote,* qVI a DaMIano hVgone, epIsCopo spIrensI, fratre, paLLII honore, pIo rItV, ornatVs est.* a qVo franCIsCVs georgIVs eLeCtor treVIrensIs InItIabItVr presbyter et arChIepIsCo- pVs. ter VIVat!VIVat!VIVat! h^C fratrVM trIas.* hI tres sVnt soLes, qVI post tVa fata, LotharI, DeVotas repLent optato LVMIne terras.'^ Ita sCILICet fons, sChonbornIane, ConVersVs es In soLeM, et faCes honorIs VbIqVe IaCIs.* AST et erIs fons aqVarVM, CVIVs non DefICIent aqV^e. Isaiae Iviii. ii. 31 I 242 TREVES. In plain Latin, these are the words of the chronograms, each sentence being a chronogram of the date 1729 — A Deo omnia hsec facta sunt, quae sequuntur, piae grata posteritati. Est fontis superinducta nubes, rapta in astra, aureo terras imbre ut recrearet. Enigma est, sed patet in sole, qui eclipsin nuper patiebatur in Januario. Fuerat sol ille Franciscus Lotharius Elector, Princeps Mogonus et praesul Babenbergae, Ortus ex antiqua et perillustri domo Schonborniana, Radiis ut virtutis, ita et sapientiae orbe toto longe clarissimus Defecit ipsum gloriosae lux vitae, Quando piis votis nestoreos Nestori dies subditi, anno inchoante, sunt apprecati. Unde luctus familiae, et prope totius teutoniae, Sed revixit bonus princeps in Friderico Carolo episcopo ecclesise Babenbergensis, nepote. Qui a Damiano Hugone, episcopo Spirensi, fratre, pallii honore, pio ritu, ornatus est. A quo Franciscus Georgius elector Trevirensis initiabitur presbyter et archiepiscopus. Ter vivat ! vivat ! vivat ! haec fratrum trias. Hi tres sunt soles, qui post tua fata, Lothari, devotas replent optato lumine terras. Ita scilicet fons, Schonborniane, conversus es in solem, et faces honoris ubique jacis. Ast et eris fons aquarum, cujus non deficient aquae. — Isaiah Iviii. 11. ■^**" A tract of eighteen pages, foho [British Museum, 9930, h.], describes the honour done to Francis George, Archbishop of Treves, on his visit to the monastery of Meinfeld in 1730. The title-page is as follows — DebIta testIfICatIo 1 honorIs aMorIs, obserVantI^, |-= 1730 Ver.eqVe sVbIeCtIonIs, ) Quam reverendissimo et eminentissimo Domino D. Francisco Georgio, archiepiscopo Trevirensi sacri Romani imperii principi electori, &c. . . . domino suo clementissimo Monasterium et Satrapia Meinfeldiae exhibebat, quando eI PRiESENXl MeNSE aVgVsTO \ tota Ista satrapIa IVrat^ fIDeLItatIs 1= 1730 VInCLo se obstrIngebat. J Confluentiae Typis Joannis Francisco Krabben, Typ. Aulici. The church and monastic buildings, decorated with emblematical statues, pictures, columns, pyramids, were approached through a triumphal arch, etc., with inscriptions in honour of the occasion, designed especially to set forth the merits of the Archbishop, with TREVES. 243 allusions to his armorial shield and his illustrious lineage. The in- scriptions in chronogram are fifty-three in number, but as they have particular application to the decorative works to which they were appended, they hardly convey their meaning to the reader when tran- scribed apart from them and the accompanying explanations. That the tract itself does not give us all the inscriptions may be inferred from these words which follow the mention of some statues and chrono- grams which were put up in the forecourt of the monastery — Plures quidem tam ante curiam, quam alibi erant inscriptiones et imagines, sed haec brevitatis causa in typo omissa sunt, qu?e omnia uni huic voto includantur : DeLICIVM patrI^ treVerensIs nestoreos \_ VI Ve annos et sospes VaLe. i ^^^° ■!i?*5^r A festival held in the name of the Senate and people of Trbves to congratulate the Archbishop Frederic Charles on reaching the twenty- fifth year of his reign, is described in a tract (folio, pp. 42, British Museum, 11409, h.). A triumphal arch ornamented with a series of ' columns ' was erected, with allegorical and pictorial decorations, and chronograms to denote their meaning. These are accompanied, in the tract, by ' epigrams ' and sets of Latin verses of ten or twelve lines each, some being entirely in chronogram. Each ' column ' is made appro- priate to a year of his ' glorious reign ' progressively up to the twenty- fifth, but the chronogram dates are 1754 throughout. Probably the triumphal arch was what is now called the ' Porta nigra ' dressed up for the occasion, the well-known Roman gateway at one entrance to the city. The title-page commences thus — trIVMphVs \ fIDeLItatIs, et pIetatIs [ _ A senatV popVLoqVe treVIrensI | - ^754 IVRATiE, nVnC RENOVaT^E ) Sive Porta triumphalis eminentissimo . . . Francisco Georgio Dei gratia archi-episcopo Tre- virensi, . . . erecta, et a devotissima Musa carmine panegyrico explicata, et adornata anno, qVo post VIgIntI qVatVor annos ter faVstI ) _ regIMInIs IVbIL^ea pLVra deVote preCabatVr. /~ ^'^^ The chronograms do not possess sufficient independent character to be read with interest apart from all other surroundings in the tract ; there are fifty-three in all. A few extracts will suffice. The ' Genius ' of Trbves is supposed to say (alluding, perhaps, to his birthday in April)— seXCentos CanVs VIVas, franCIsCeI In aprILes; \^ ^ Si^CVLA MVLta geras LVstraqVe faVsta feras ! j '^^ 244 TREVES. The ' Genius ' of the empire wishes the Archbishop may Uve for another twenty-five years — IMperIo, serVante Deo, IVbILarIe ! VIVas, \_ ET VaLeas LVstrIs fLoree qVInqVe noVIs ! /"" A shield bears the emblem of Austrian rule, the golden 'apple,' or orb ; the chronogram is the sixteenth year of his reign — a time of war — aVstrIa DVrabIt, paX et tranqVILLa beabIt "k _ Vt beLLona fVret, MoX tenebrosa rVet. J ~ On the same page with the foregoing chronogram is this cabala- I 12 432 3 325 43 531 4 2 135 53 Da pacem Dornine in diebus nostris quia non est alius, qui 52 4 43 33 5 25 42 pugnet pro nobis, nisi tu Deus noster. The key to it consists of the five vowels which are to represent numerals thus — 12345 a e i o u. Those over each separate word must be placed together (as in the margin), then the totals of the words must be added up for the grand total, which will be the intended date. The words themselves are a prayer for peace (i.e., Give us peace, O Lord, in our days, for there is none other who can fight for us, but Thou our God). The date is 1745, and it is explained that in the latter part of the year 1744 the Archbishop offered up a public prayer in the words of the cabala, which was answered in the year following by the restoration of peace. The people wish a very long life to the Archbishop in the following lines — Multiplicentur tibi anni. Prov. iv. 10. seXCentIs VIVas, org, IVbILarIe LVstrIs, et tVa sInt sVperIs teMpora faVsta Don Is, DeVInCIt tIbI se, nosterqVe, oMnIsqVe senatVs, aVspICIIs optans VsqVe sVbesse tVIs. sensIt s^pe tV^ eXoptata LeVaMIna DeXtr^ hInC pIVs obseqVIIs se LIgat Ipse tVIs. Vt VIVas CangsqVe DIes, aVrasqVe sVaVes, CorDIs sVspIrIIs gbsIDet astra pIIs. eXConsVL, ConsVL, prgCgnsVL Chara preCantVr, atqVe MagIstraLIs tVrba VnIVersa forI. Clamavit omnis populus. i Reg. x. 24. antIqVVs MerItIs VIVas Long.eVIor annIs ES pIetate, annIs VI Ve CoLenDe seneX. I 12 432 3 325 43 531 4 2 135 53 52 4 43 33 5 25 42 1745 }= ]- )- }= This Archbishop reigned at Treves for twenty-seven years, until his death in 1756; that his activity was now failing may be inferred from what the next tract celebrates, the appointment of a coadjutor. 1754 1754 1754 1754 1754 1754 1754 1754 TREVES. 245 An address by the Jesuits in the diocese of John George, Arch- bishop of Treves, in the form of a long Latin 'Epos,' presented to John PhiHp, Baron de Walderdorf, on his being appointed as * adjutor ' to the Archbishop in 1754, is preserved in a tract (folio, pp. 15, British Museum, 4091, 1.), with a title-page as follows : ' Patria novas in spes erecta, quando faustis nuper auspiciis com- munique s. p. Q. T. applausu eminentissimo, ac reverendissimo domino U. Francisco Georgio e comitibus de Schonborn d.g. archiepiscopo Trevirensi . . . Reverendissimus . . . D. Joannes Philippus e baroni- bus de Walderdorf illustrissimi capituli metropolitani intra Treviros Decanus urbisque Proprinceps Adjutor creabatur . . . anno a partu virginis mdccliv.' The poem, ' Votum Societatis ' (of the Jesuits), which follows the title, exhibits this chronogram couplet, the only one in the tract — VIVe, VIge, Verna per s^eCVLa Dena phILIppe ! \ _ sanVs Dena tIbI VIVIto, Dena tVIs. / - ^754 He succeeded to the archiepiscopal throne on the death of Frederic Charles in 1756, and reigned until 1768. ■***■ 1754 Another jubilee festival was held at Treves in honour of Arch- bishop Francis George on reaching the twenty-fifth year of his reign, when the usual emblematic decorations adorned the streets and public places of the city. Chronogram inscriptions to the number of thirty- eight were put up on the several permanent buildings and temporary structures, and are briefly specified in a tract (folio, pp. 14, British Museum, 11409, h.), which displays on its front page the Archbishop's armorial bearings, with the following chronogrammatic title printed beneath — ' RENO V ATA HOMagIa, genVIn^e pIetatIs treVIrensIs; aVgVsto soLI sChoenbornIano, IVbILarIo, eLeCtorI sInCerIore appLaVsV, ConseCrata. Augustas Trevirorum Typis J. C. Reulandt. Aul. & Univer. Typogr. A triumphal arch is first described, bearing this inscription — porta trIVMphaLIs, eX Vera sVbIeCtIone a patrIa tre-] VIrensI eLaborata, franCIsCo georgIo, prInCIpI eLeCtorI ,'-= 1754 antIstItI nostro IVbILarIo. J VI Vat franCIsCVs georgIVs eLeCtor, aC treVIrorVM\_ arChIepIsCopVs IVbILarIVs. j~ ^754 A representation of the ceremony of electing the Archbishop in 1729 was thus marked — tVtor Is est patrIje : Dabat hVnC LVX aLtera MaII. = 1729 The further contents of the tract are a mixture of Latin and German 246 TREVES laudatory verses, brief descriptions of the pictorial decorations, and chronograms having special reference to the decorations to which they were appended ; but in the abseace of those decorations they possess but little interest for the reader. They seem, however, to have repre- sented a circumstance or sentiment for each passing year in the reign of the Archbishop, the date of which is marked by a chronogram bear- ing some figurative allusion to the heraldic eagle of Germany, or to the wolf or the lion, or to some other device in the armorial shield of the Archbishop. His mitre also is made of use to carry on a chrono- grammatic compliment. Passing on from these particulars to the year of the jubilee, the twenty-fifth year after his election, we reach an altar which was inscribed with four 'vows,' thus — 1. VI Vat franCIsCVs georgIVs, 2. eLeCtor treVIrensIs, 3. MagnIs aVspICIIs, 4. sChcenbornICIs IVbILarIVs. The last line of the tract consists of the following chronogram com- posed of words in a passage in the Bible, Vulgate Version, Ecclesiasti- cus xlv. 8 and 9 (English Version, 7 and 8) — beatIfICaVIt ILLVM gLorIa, CIrCaCInXIt zona gLorI^, \_ ET CoronaVIt In VasIs VIrtVtIs. j ~ There are altogether thirty-eight chronograms in this tract. ■$**- An applauding congratulation, in a tract of eight pages, folio size, to John Philip, Baron Waldersdorf, when he was elected Bishop- adjutor of Treves, and successor to Archbishop Francis George Schonborn — British Museum, press-mark 11409, h. 32 (8). A full title-page begins with a chronogram, boldly printed, concluding with a cabala of the date 1754, the words of which are adapted from the Old Testament (Vulgate version, i Maccabees iv. 58), thus rendered in the English translation : * Thus was there very great gladness among the people.' appLaVsVs gratVLatorIVs 1 eX Ver^e sVbMIssIonIs > = affeCtV aDornatVs J honori, et amori reverendissimi excellentissimi . . . Domini Joannis Philippi liberi baronis a Walderdorff" (with many other titles). 1754 1754 1754 Quando. LiETANTE TOTA PATRIa, FRANCIsCI GEORgII, arChI-epIsCopI, et prInCIpIs eLeCtorIs treVIrensIs IVbILarII Co-aDIVtor, sVCCessorqVe eLeCtVs fVerat. = 1754 TREVES. . 247 Sub Apophthegtnate Scripturistico-cabalistico. 105. III. 195. 245. 300.49. 440. 79. 230. Et facta est Lsetitia toto in populo magna valdb. Clavim Cabali vide in fine. The applause is expressed in Latin hexameter and pentameter verse, filling five pages ; it is preceded by this introductory chronogram — Excitatio ad Plausum, VenIte eXVLtantes CVnCtI Confratres ChorI _ eX CorDe IVbILantes \~ ^754 IsTi CoaDIVtorI. The verses conclude thus — Ergo conclama repetita voce : philippus Vivat ! io vivat ! Chorus insonet : omnis Subditus acclamet : quotquot latitatis in urbe, Unanimes, istud Chronicon subscribite mecum. Cana Co-aDIVtor feLIX per s^CLa VIresCat ! 'j _ VoTO CVnCtIpotens annVe ab aXe DeVs ! /~ '^54 Sincera arentis, versu licet infima, montis, Servitiis moritura tuis sic musa precatur. Et, si non sint musa canens, sed corda canentis Inspicienda, bono hgec vultu dignabere : namque Cor Late patet : hInC optIMa panDo tIbL = 1754 • Clavis Cabali. I. a. 2. 3. 4. 5. b. c. d. e. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 20. 30. f. g. h. i. k. 1. m. 40. n. 50' 0. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. p. q. r. s. t. u. X. y. z. (Printed at Luxembourg by the imperial and royal printer,) Anno 1754. (The name of the author does not appear.) -***■ An applauding congratulation to Clemens Wenceslaus, Duke of Saxony, Bishop of Frising and Ratisbon, etc., from the Reverend the Chapter in Treves, on his election to the Archbishopric of Treves, on February 10, (supposed to be uttered) by the devoted seraphic Muses of Lower Thuringia, representing the Franciscan brotherhood of St. Elizabeth, at Limburg — British Museum library, press-mark 11409, h. 32 (9)- 248 TREVES. The title-page begins — phcebVs "I LVCe MagIs grata patrI/E post nVbILa y= 1768 spLenDens j in eminentissimo . . . Domino Clemente Wenceslao episcopo Frisingensi, et Ratisbon (etc., filling the entire page). On the back thereof is the following cabala — Votum Patrice. 3. 20. 5. 30. 5. 40. 90. 90. 9. 100. I. 80. 3. 8. 9. 5. 60. 9. 90. 3. 50. 60. 200. 90. CLEMENS SIT ARCHIEPISCOPUS 193. 199. 668. 100. So. 5. 200. 9. 80. 5. 40. 90. 9. 90. TREVIRENSIS, 708. Summa 1768 3 20 5 30 5 40 90 400. s. 40. 3. 5. 90. 20. I. 200. 90. CLEMENS WENCESLAUS 193- 854. 200. 9. 200. I. 100. I. 4. 5. 200. I. VIVAT AD ^VA. 510. 5. 206. Summa 1768 At page 7, the ' Genius of Treves ' thus bewails the death of John Philip, the late Prince Archbishop — Genius Trevirensis, ecclesise suae viduitatem plorans, somno corripitur. Fama dormienti novum ecclesise sponsum prodit. Genius. Princeps ! ah oculi lacrymarum fundite rivos ! Philippus ! glaciata sacro mihi membra tremescunt Horrore ; ac medio retinetur lingua palato ! Princeps Philippus scabiosi victima Lethi Facta cadet ? tumulo mea Lux sine luce jacebit ? Princeps ! Lingua tace ! Philippus ! Lumina flete ! Princeps ! ah taceo ! vox hseret fessa palato ! Ah doleo ! (The impersonation of Fame interposes and speaks) Fama. heM ! sVrgIto a Vano sopore ! regIVs prInCeps\ _ ^^ eLeCtor aDest. ]~ ^700 Genius, ah qVIs reVaLebIt, et ConsoLabItVr DesoLataM? = 1768 Fama. arChIpresVLVM InsIgne DeCVs. = 1768 Genius, bene: sIC DeCorabItVr treVIrense soLVM. = 1768 Fama. et VIVIDfe eLeCtoraLe soLIVM. = 1768 Genius, grata reLatIo, qV.e erIget gregeM eX DoLore ne\ _ ^„ pLANk fatIsCat. /- ^7^^ Fama. et pastor In braChIo LatJ; eXtenso gregeM) ^q CVsToDlET. /- ^700 Genius, tanto CVstoDe, patre, et pastore DILeCta\_ .c, treVIrIs eget DenVo. ]~ ^7o» Fama. sVb eo reDIt DesIDerata CVnCtIs saLVs. = 1768 Genius, an eXeMpLIs narrata DoCere sVffICIs ? =1 768 1768 TRkVES. 249 Fama. ECCLEsIiE, qVas aDMInIstrat, attestantVr, Vera"| ,„ ESSE. ' 1= 1768 Genius, et qV^ sVnt, qVas aDMInIstrat, eCCLesI.e? = 1768 Fama. sVnt h^e DV.E, sCILICet freIsIngensIs, DeInDe'^ _ ,„ ratIsbonensIs. j~ ^^ ET aVgVstana CatheDra sI VaCarIt, pLan^ sponsa\ petIta Manet* J Genius, ergone est regIVs prInCeps CLeMens De saXonIa?= 1768 Fama. est, et aDest DIVIna sorte eLeCtVs, aC patrI^eI ^o DatVs. )= ^768 sVrgIto, VaDe, VIDe, prInCeps eLeCtor aDest, = 1768 Then follow a series of Latin poems in various metre, in praise of the new Archbishop, inspired by the dream of the Genius. Afterwards the poems continue to praise the Archbishop in terms suggested by the various devices in his armorial shield, with occasional chronograms. The last page is occupied by the utterances of the three Fafes — Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos — who agree to these happy aspirations — VIVe DIV CLeMens, hoC patrIa toto peroptat. = 1768 annVe, qVI parC/e pr^CIpIs, aLMe DeVs. = 1768 CanDesCens LVX imperii, = 1768 CVsTos, ET DeLICI^ oVIVM, - 1768 aC PATER PATRliE CLeMeNS, DIV VIVe. = 1 768 Another tract in the British Museum library — press-mark 11409, h. 32 (10) — is in praise of the same Clemens Wenceslaus, by the grace of God Archbishop of Treves, etc. (folio, pp. 14). The title- page begins with a chronogram — saCrIfICIVM LiETlTl^, ET gratItVDInIs. = 1768 Reverendissimo ac serenissimo principi Domino Domino Clementi Wenceslao regio Poloniae et Lithuaniae principi Saxonise duel gratia Dei archi-episcopo Trevirensi . . . . . . humillime oblatum a Devotissima ac devinctissima abbati^ Brauweilerensi. MDCCLXVIII. Accinente F. Francisco Cramer ejusdem Abbatise professo. At page 3 is this introductory chronogram — CLeMentIs VVenCesLaI ] prInCIpIs et eLeCtorIs !-= 1768 panegyrIs Chronica. j The remaining twelve pages are occupied by the panegyric in Latin hexameter and pentameter verse. There are 154 couplets, each making the date 1768, and this concluding aspiration — prInCeps CLeMens DIV VIVat. = 1768 3a 250 TREVES. The city of Treves abounds in objects of high interest to the archaeologist : the Roman gate, the Porta nigra already alluded to, the imposing ruins of the Roman palace, the Roman amphitheatre, the extensive ruins of the Roman baths near the bridge, the bridge itself, built on Roman foundations, the cathedral and other churches, the contents of various museums now deposited in the new museum building to form an important collection of local Roman antiquities, the mediaeval walls, and the heights on the far side of the river over- looking this ancient city. Chronograms also may be seen inscribed on some buildings and memorials. I gathered several when on a visit to the place in October, 1888, which I have not otherwise seen in print ; it is desirable that they should be so recorded. Inscription in gold letters on the front of a stately building, having the appearance of an archiepiscopal residence in times past, but now used as a military storehouse, a purpose so much in discord with the words — gLorIa In eXCeLsIs Deo et In terra paX hoMInIbVs. = 1731 Inscription over the statue of St. Gangolph on the gateway of the church dedicated to him — sanCtVs gangVLphVs hVJVs teMpLI 1 patron Vs ET Defensor /~ ^'^^ In the beautiful Liebfrauenkirche there are some mural tablets with inscriptions on them difficult to read in consequence of deficiency of light. The inscriptions commemorate certain canons of the Church, and contain respectively these chronogram dates of their death — ET HoC eXeMpLo sapIas, atqVe aD tVa VbIqVe paratVsI g g eXIste fata. / ~ ^ pIe IesV DoMIne LVX ^etern^ cLoRliE LVCeat eIs. = 1780 IpsIVs anIMa In CoeLestI seDe gLorIosa IVgIter eXVLtet. = 1783 ChrIste IesV pIe orbIs saLVator Dona ILLI reqVIeM. = 1772 Contrary to expectation, the handsome monuments in the cathedral to the memory of the archbishops do not display any chronograms in the inscriptions which they bear. The grand rank of Archbishop and Elector of Treves no longer exists. A Bishop now presides over the diocese, and the province forms part of the new German Empire. Inscription in hexameter and pentameter verse, over the great doorway of a handsome house near the Liebfrauenkirche, known as the Kesselstadcher Palast, accompanied by two armorial shields, probably those of the paternal and maternal families of the builder of the ' palace.' The heraldic devices are the dog and the dragon, which are playfully mentioned in the inscription, as follows — InsIgnes IstI qVI Me peperere parentes, 1 sVnt CanIs atqVe DraCo, VIVat VterqVe parens. /"" ^''^^ i.e. These are the distinguished parents who produced nie, the Dog and the Dragon. Long live both parents. TREVES. 25t = 1727 A tall monumental structure stands in the street in front of the buildings now occupied as the library and schools ; it is surmounted by a statue of the Virgin Mary, with this inscription — Deo VIrgInIqVe MatrI eIVs ) _ HONOR ET gLorIa In S^CVLa. /~ ^^^'^ A further inscription once filled the tablet on the front of the pedestal, but now it is illegible through wilful damage ; it probably explained the purpose of the monument. On the back are these inscriptions on two stone tablets, making the date 1727 five times repeated — VOTUM SODALIT: ANGELICA KOSK^ ET GONZAG^ sVpEROS beneDICtVs honores Q Van Do Dabat pr^esens sVrgere CcepIt opVs. o Mater beneDICta noVos faC sVrgere koskas, gonzagasqVe noVos. j ^'^' qVos honor Iste beet. VOTUM SODALIT: MARIANyE MINORIS si qVIs est parVVLVs \_ ConVoLet aD Me (Prov. ix. 4). ]- '^I'^l JesVLe nos gr^MIo nostr^e NE trVDe parentis Ipsa parens VVLt nos assoCIare tIbI. DeXtERA TE nos \aXNK FERAT, portare pVsILLos Magna parens pLVres, TE perhIbente potest. The names Koska and Gonzaga occur twice in the foregoing inscription ; these were two youthful saints who were canonized in 1727. The monument was appropriately erected in front of the Jesuits' College (now a modern school) at Treves, as an example to the youths in training there. Whilst copying the inscriptions, the modern youths of the school swarmed around me, seeming to wonder why I took the trouble, when they, heedless of the meaning of the monu- ment, were rushing out of school to follow their own games. The chronograms may be translated thus : A joint votive offering to the angelic Koska and Gonzaga^ when Benedict [the Pope] gave to them superior honours the present work began to rise. O blessed mother [Virgin Mary], do thou cause to arise new Koskas and Gonzagas, whom that honour may bless. A Joint votive offering of the Marian Minors. Should anyone be little let him come to me {Proverbs ix. 4). O Child Jesus, thrust us not away from the bosom of Thy parent. Thy parent herself desires us to associate with Thee. Thy gentle right hand will bear us, Thy Great Parent is able to carry more little ones. 1727 1727 252 TREVES. An epitome of the history of Kostka is to be found in Butler's 'Lives of the Saints,' under the day November 13. A more detailed history of him is in the * Library of Religious Biography,' edited by E. H. Thompson, third edition, i88o. Stanislas Kostka was born in 1550, of noble parentage, in Poland. From his earliest childhood he exhibited extraordinary piety and austerity, and persisted therein under every kind of annoyance and opposition at home. He at length took refuge with the Jesuits, and joined that society at Rome, where he attracted great notice. He died there on August 15, 1568, at the early age of eighteen. It seems that it was only after long solicitation at the Roman Court that he was beatified, and ultimately canonized by Pope Benedict XHL in 1727. He was adopted as the patron saint of Poland. Many singular miracles are attributed to him and to the influence of his relics and his portrait pictures. His bones have been somewhat dispersed since his first entombment, his head being at Gorheim, in Germany, and most of his other bones in a shrine in the church of St. Andrew Quirinale at Rome. Aloysius or Lewis Gonzaga was born on March 9, 1568, of noble Italian and Spanish parentage. His career was not unlike that of Kostka, except that he was not so much persecuted by his parents and relations. He became a member of the Society of the Jesuits. He died June 18, 1591, at the age of twenty-six, and was canonized, at the same time with Kostka (see Butler's * Lives of the Saints,' under the day June 21 ; also the 'Life of St. Aloysius Gonzaga 'in the series above quoted). The personal history of these two young men as related in the quoted biographies is interesting and touching ; there is no apparent reason for doubting the accuracy of the narratives in this respect. Butler says, ' when we see a young prince, the darling of his family and country, sacrifice nobility, sovereignty, riches, and pleasures, the more easily to secure the treasure of divine love, how ought we to condemn our own sloth, who live as if heaven were to cost us nothing !' ^M XXIII. MARTIN LUTHER. HRONOGRAMMATIC records of Martin Luther are endless. A great many may be found in Chronograms, and Chrono- grams Continued, by consulting the index to those volumes. I possess a large number, scattered among engravings com- memorating the Reformation, preserved in a ' scrap-book '; it seems that in 1 7 1 7 Luther festivals were held in Germany ; this was the second centenary of the year when Luther published his religious doctrines. Many of the engravings are highly emblematic ; no description can do them justice. I select the following accompanying chronograms — A jubilee medal of Martin Luther and his wife. (My readers may see what Rempen says of her in another part of this present volume ; see Chapter X. and pages 97, 99, loi) — MartInVs LVtherVs theoLogI.e DoCtor. = CatharIna Von bora D. LVthers fraV geMahLIn. = An allegorical engraving by i.e.l. A female as Truth repels ' Der Reid,' a malicious female Envy with snakes about her head and waist ; Luther reclines on his tomb with the Tree of Justice growing out of his breast ; many inscriptions and one chronogram — gLorIa Magn^ DoCxRlNiE beatI LVtherL A large allegorical engraving by Elias Back ; Luther in the centre under an arch bearing numerous emblems, inscriptions, and — MartInVs LVtherVs theologize DoCtor. = haLtet DIe gebot VnD aVCh Den gLaVben anIhn. = D. MartInVs LVtherVs pIetate CLaret. = Der herr geDenCket an seIne gnaDe aVCh VVarheIt. = Vera MartInI LVtherI DoCtrIna sIne fIne fLorebIt. = A large allegorical engraving, size 17 by 9 inches, represents the ceremony of the Augsburg Confession, with many inscriptions and chronograms — WIe VIeL naCh DIeser regVL hergehen Vber DIe sev| frIeDe. Galat. vi. 16. / gottes Wort VnD LVtherI Lehr, ) ^ Vergeht In keIner seIt nICt Mehr. j " 1717 1717 = 1709 1717 1717 1717 1717 1717 = 1730 1730 2 54 MARTIN LUTHER. D. MartIn LVtherI Lehr \ _ WeIset aLLeIn aVff IesV ehr, / ~ ^^3° DIe aVgspVrgIsChe ConfessIon VerbLeIbt ^ _ aVCh noCh Der eVangeLIsChen ehren Cron. / ~ ^73° A large allegorical engraving by Elias Back, with the figure of Luther pointing upwards to numerous emblems arranged on a palm- tree, and two obelisks bearing these chronograms — paLMa h.eC onVsta Deo IVVante fLorebIt. = 17 17 LVtherI grVnD Lehr Vergehet nICht Mehr. = 1717 A large allegorical engraving by Gottfrid Rogg and Albrecht Schmidt represents an assembly of men and females (probably portraits) with books, listening to Luther, who appears in a pulpit in the centre, many inscriptions, and on a riband over him — LVtherVs DoCVIt theoLogIaM. = 17 17 A very large allegorical engraving by Elias Back shows a triumphal arch carrying figures of princes and others who gave their support to the Augsburg Confession, emblems, inscriptions, and this chronogram — aVgVsta OB ConfessIoneM IVbILat DeoqVe persoLVItI gratIas. /"■ ^'^° A very large engraving represents twenty events of the Reforma- tion in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in separate square com- partments, Luther and an assembly of saints in the centre, numerous inscriptions, and these chronograms — lo DVCentos annos fLagrat eVangeLIVM. = 16 17 L^TANTER Deo saCratVr IVBlLiEVM. = 1717 Das LVtherthVMs IVbeL Iahr sChafft gott. = 171 7 LVMen ANxIgViE DoCtrInyE LVtheran^. = 1717 antIqVItas LVtherana tanDeM LVCet. = 171 7 DIe CateChIsMVs VbVng. = 1717 CoLIte nVMen LaVDIbVs. = 171 7 aCh geDenCket seIner WVnDer DIe (er) gott gethan\_ hat. Psalm cv. $. f~ ^'^'^ A large allegorical engraving by Elias Back shows Melancthon, Luther, and Spalatin, and on either side the princes and others who adopted and fought for the Reformation ; many emblems and inscrip- tions, and this at the foot — Vera LVtherI DogMata fLorent et fIne CarebVnt. = 1717 LVtherI reIne Lehr, gott hoChster rhVM VnD ehr. = 17 17 A large and very allegorical engraving by Gottfried Rogg and J. C. Steinberger, containing figures and portraits of the Reformation princes and Luther, arranged about a triumphal arch, with inscriptions and many chronograms, commencing with the centre — ChrIstVs VerbVM pr.«DICat. = 1717 with a reference to Zechariah iv. and vi., and — sInt bInI ^DIfICatores teMpLI serVbabeL et IosVa. = 1717 lo DVCentos annos fLagrat eVangeLIVM. = 17 17 gott sChafft Des LVtherVMs IVbeL Iahr. = 1717 IVbILa Deo LVtheranorVM Corona. = 1717 MARTIN LUTHER. 255 CoLIte nVMen LaVDIbVs. = 17 17 CONSTANTER VeRBVM PR^DICabItVr. = 17 17 LiETANTER Deo saCratVr IVbIL^VM. = 1 7 17 aCh Lasset Vns IM geIst WanDeLen. Ga/. vi. 2. =1717 MartInVs LVtherVs Leher Der sChrIfft. = 17 17 geDenCket aLLer seIner WVnDer DIe gott gethan hat. = 17 17 Fsahii cv. 5. Ihr VoM haVse LeVI Lobet aLLe Den herrn. = 17 17 Psalm cxxxv. 20. A large allegorical engraving by J. F. Bseck and C. Miller shows an architectural design on which hang the armorial shields of the princely supporters of the Reformation ; in niches are the figures of Justus Jonas, Luther, Melancthon, and Bugenhagen ; a picture of Luther affixing his thesis to the church-door of Wittenberg. Below are emblematic figures or genii ; among the inscriptions are — VoR hVnDert Iahrn War Je DIe kIrCh Von feInD'n 1 , gehont. J "^ nVn WIrD sIe ferner Jezt MIt JVbeLLVst geCront. = 1730 eVangeLIsCh aVfgerIChtete ehren frenDe \ pforte Der aVgsbVrgIsChen ConfessIon VVIe | aVCh VVegen soLCher Vnter gottLICher j ~ ^'^° protection angesteLLten zVVeIIten IVbeLLVst. J Then follows an explanation in German of the whole engraving, A large engraving by C. Kolb and G. Rogg, crowded with figures of saints and martyrs, arranged above a group of Reformers, including Luther ; the eye of Providence is in the heavens above them ; winged figures hold shields containing this chronogram — Certe oCVLVs DeI Cards Castos et Cygneos LVtherI, 1 soCIos L^etIfICat ! Constanter et nVnC et per seCVLa. / '^ Another large engraving by EHas Back to commemorate the Augs- burg Confession shows obelisks hung with portraits of the Reformers and numerous inscriptions ; in the foreground Time records in a book the dates 1530, 1630, 1730; an altar in the centre is thus inscribed — In DeM zV aVgspVrg rVhIg gehaLtenen Confessions \^ IVbeL-Iahr. / '^ Another by the same engraver, to commemorate the Augsburg Confession, represents a triumphal arch hung all over with emblems, etc., etc. ; through the arch is seen a view of Augsburg ; it bears this inscription — gottes aVg VnD hohe MaCht 1 ^ HAT Vber aVgspVrg gVte waCht. / All the foregoing engravings are about 12 by 16 inches in size, well executed and brightly printed. The subjects are very interesting, but too complicated for detailed descriptions. What I have placed on these pages will serve to identify them, should copies fall under the notice of my readers. — — -~^»€ 2S6 MARTIN LUTHER. A series of eleven engravings, in size about 12 by 9 inches, by German artists, on the subject of the Reformation ; they represent events of that period and scenes from the Bible suggesting analogies between them. On the back of each engraving are sets of verses in German emanating from an evangelical school at Augsburg as a ' thank- offering ' and a * peace festival ;' the dates are from 1718 to 1730 ; the quality of the work is not equal to that of the foregoing set of engravings. The following chronograms accompany the verses and engravings — septVagenaLe IrenICVM Deo LItatVr. =^ 17 18 septVagenaLe IrenICVM I. Deo LItatVr. = 17 19 Lasset Vns aVCh sIebenzIg MaL eIns Vnser frIeDen-\_ FEST BEGEHEN. j " ^T^9 sIehe zV hIer 1st Der keLCh MIt IesV bLVt. = 1720 lo bIbIte eX hoC oMnes Vos ChrIstIaDes. ---^ 1720 D. LVther erkLaret sICh zV VVorMs. = 1721 LVtherVs VVorMatI^ res DeCLarat. = 1721 D. LVtherVs In pathMo Latens Vers at sCrIptVras. = 1722 DoCtor MartIn LVther Lebte In VVartenbVrg. = 1722 Ita C^sar et statVs IVre petVnt C. graVaMIna abroganDa. = 1723 DIe C. eIngegebene, VrsaChen, Was zV reforMIren. = 1723 bILDer haben 1st erLaVbt. ^ _ VVo Man gott seIn ehr nICht raVbt. / "~ ^7^^ LVtherVs IMagInes Contra boDensteIn Longe propVgnaVIt. = 1724 lo LVther! IVra et Leges MagIstratVs VInDICat. = 1725 prIMVs orDInatIonIs aCtVs LVtherI fVLget. = 1725 ConIVgIVM LVtherI LaVDant pIL = 1725 1st aVCh Das eVangeLIVM aVfzVha Lenten? = 1727 DIe protestIrenDe aposteL Verharren Vest In Der\_ VVahren Lehre Von ChrIsto. j ^^^9 DIe apostoLIsCh - protestIrenDe haLten stanDhafft an\_ Vnsers theVresten IesV zeVgnVs. )~ ^7^9 zVVey hVnDert-IahrIges geDaChtnVs Der hIessIgen Con-\ _ fessIons-Vbergrab. /"" '73° DeI gratIa festIVItas IVnlLiEA feLICIter IterVM) peragItVr. J- '730 A hst of Luther jubilee festival chronograms of the year 17 17 appears in a periodical publication of Wittemberg : ' Altes und neues aus den Schatz,' etc., issued at Wittemberg and Leipsic (volume for 1718). The Augsburg jubilee chronograms — Constanter VerbVM pr^eDICabItVr. = 1717 CoLIte nVMen LaVDIbVs. = 17 17 JVbILat Deo LVtheranorVM Corona. = 17 17 ChrIstVs VerbVM prveDICat. = 171 7 LiETANTER Deo saCt^atVr JVbILeVM. = 17 17 MARTIN LUTHER. 257 In DVCentos annos fLagrat eVangeLIVM. = 1717 LVMen antIqV/E DoCxRlNyE LVtheran^. = 171 7 MartInVs LVtherVs, Lehrner Den sChrIft. =1717 MartInVs LVtherVs hegt Das LICht. = 1717 geDenCket aLLer seInen VVanDer DIe er gethan hat. = 1717 GOTT sChafft Des LVtherthVMs JVbeL Jahr. -= 1 717 The Dresden chronograms — lo seCVLare fLoret gaVDIVM. =1717 Deo sIt gLorIa, patrI LVMInIs et ChrIsto eJVs. = 1717 InCertIs rapItVr seCLorVM gLorIa CVrIs, \ _ VerbI fIXVs apeX seCVLa nVLLa paVet. /~ ^7^7 parCa sIt et resonet perItVr/E gLorIa faM>e ; \ _ Verbo Larga DeI Io sIne fIne sonet. ) " ^^''^ Chronograms by some preachers at Dresden — In DoCtorIs LUtherI reforMatIonIs JVbILa. = 17 17 MartInVs LVtherVs theoLogI^ DoCtor. = 17 17 MegaLanDer LVtherVs sIt In paCe Vera! = 17 17 faMa LVtherI DoCtorIs fLoreat, VoVeo ! = 17 17 MartInVs LVther babeLIs DestrVCtor. = 17 17 MartInVs LVther pr^DICtVs oLor.^ = 1717 V^ PAP^ CLeMentI VnDe LVtherVs hostIs est! = 1717 LVther pr^DICat eVangeLIVM. = 1717 DoCtor LVtherVs reforMator eVangeLII. = 1717 DoCtor MartInVs LVther eVangeLIsta. = 1717 MartInVs LVther DoCtor theoL resVrgIt. = 171 7 DoCtor MartIn LVther VerVs est eLIas ! =1717 LVtherana eCCLesIa Constat Contra pap^aM sVb sVol proteCtore ChrIsto. /~ ^''' VVItteMberg^e LVtherI CatheDra fLoreat ! =1717 rabaCes roManVs DIra frVstra obLatrat LVtheranIs. = 17 17 LVtherVs Der MonCh 1st Von eIsLeben ! = 17 17 saChsen-haVs begehet seIn JUbeLfest aVss anDere MahL. ^ 1717 DoCtor LVthers JVbIL^VM. = 17 17 JVbILate Deo oMnes pII In hoC anno JVbIL^o. = 1717 DeVs nobIsCVM, qVIs Contra nos ? = 17 17 en MartIn LVther, DoCtor, VerbI angeLVs esto. ^ 1717 Inscribed on some other medals — JVbIL/eVM saLfeLDIa agIt In L^etItIa. = 17 17 DogMata LVtherI stabVnt In seCVLa. = 17 17 VerbVM DeI soLe CLarIVs. = 17 17 Medal representing a pharos and an inundation — ost-frIesLanDs fLVth. Z>^r. 2. =606 ICh will eVre feyertage In traVren, ICh WILLI aLLe eVre LIeDer In WehkLagen VerWanDeLn. |-= 1717 Amos viii. 10. J ^ Olor, a swan ; an appellation given to Luther. 33 koMt her, horet nVn zV aLLe DIe Ihr gott fVrChtet.\^ 1717 258 MARTIN LUTHER, On the reverse — foLgt JVbeLMVth.^= nil = 1717^ Some other medals relating to the jubilee — Das Wort sIe soLLen kLar Lassen stahn Vnd seIn\ Dank ferner haben. Oc/. 31, / sanCtIfICa Vero nos serMone tVo DeVs. /o/in x\u. 17. = 1717 Den brVnn, so Vns zV trost aVs gottes VVorke qVILt\ _ fIng aVsz VtraVMen an LVtherVs hats erfVLt. /"" ^'^' A Dantzig medal relating to the jubilee — BONO aVspICIo JVbIL^Vs eVangeLICVs seCVnDVs aI senatV popVLoqVe geDanensI antIqVo zeLo CeLebratVr. V =« 17 17 oa. 31. J A Strasburg medal — SPES ConfIsa Deo nVnqVaM bona Vota fefeLLIt. = 171 7 JUBIL. LUTHER. Another jubilee medal 1717 Psalm Ixvi. 16. The obverse of this medal refers in two chronograms to the first Luther jubilee in 161 7 ; the reverse has two chronograms of the second centenary jubilee in 17 17 — heI VIDI ! heI Latas ! post JVbILa prIMa = 1617 tenebras! prIMa JVbILeIeCCLesI^eeVangeLICjeCeLebratIo. = 1617 paX erIt, en paLMas CaroLo Donante qVIetas. = 17 17 aLtera soLeMnIs JVbIL.'eI eCCLesI^ EVANGELICiE CeLeO _ bratIo. /~ ^'■'' Another medal represents Luther with a light and Bible — reVoCare graDVM opVs Labor erat et fons L^etItI^^^ NOSTRiE. / ~ ^ ' * ^ nobIs sIMVL aprICarI LIbeat qVIDnI? = 17 17 A medal to commemorate Melancthon — phILIppVs MeLanChton, operans Deo serVVs. = 17 17 A Luther thaler, inscription round his armorial shield — neC foLIVM eIVs DefLVet. = 17 17 Included with the foregoing Luther commemorations of 1717 is (at page 899) a half thaler, bearing a Luther anagram in the form of chronograms making the year 19 17. The intention may be prophetic, that as at the end of two hundred years — in 1717 — a jubilee festival is celebrated, so in two hundred years from that date there will be another jubilee — MartInVs LVtherVs saCrosanCt^ theoLogI^ DoCtor. = 191 7 ^ Incredible damage was done by inundations in West Friesland and Holland in 1717 ; this particular chronogram is made up by the first and last lines of the inscription. The denunciations in the Book of Amos, as in the principal chronogram, indicate that the calamity came as a judgment. - The sum of the first and last lines. \ MARTIN LUTHER. 259 oLoR antehaC DICtVs hVsso, MeLos ergo terra CantaVIt. = 1917 There are some other chronograms in the book relating to the festival, but devoid of interest ; also some others erroneously composed or badly printed, beyond all attempts to put them right; they are, therefore, passed over in making this extract. ♦ ♦♦ The following are extracted from a book printed at Coburg relating to the Luther reformation, bearing this title : ' Das der gantzen Evangelischen Kirchen insonderheit in dem gesammten Fiirstenthum Coburg,' etc. By J. C. Thomge, 1722 (British Museum, 3908, bbb. 23). This chronogram of the jubilee is on the back of the title-page — C^sarI honoreM Da CensVsqVe IoV^e ore probato = 17 17 reDDe Deo et qV^ sVnt eIVs, fer CantICa grata. = 1717 On Luther's ordination and profession in 1507 — MIrIfICe stabas tonsVs CceCeqVe Canebas \ enthea LVX et VoX ast te In se rIte trahebat V= 1507 qVo Vates fIeres Ita pap^e offensor et osor. j On Luther's theses, before Cardinal Cajetan in 1517 — reLLIgIonIs opUs Cceno eXtrahIs aVspICe ChrIsto, ) VeraX o ! DeXtro nIXe LVthere Deo. ) ^ ' On the translation of the Bible into German — fontIbVs eX saCrIs gerManICa bIbLIa pVre 1 ^ saCra ope LVtherI, ter-saCra proVenIVnt. / ^'^ An epitaph for Luther, the year of his death — arteqVe Marte pIo CeLebrIs VIrtVte erat Ipse 1 , CLarVs apostoLICo VVLtV et graVIs ore per oras. / ^'^ Another epitaph for Luther — VICtor In Vrna stas CeLebrIs MagnVsqVe beatVs \ ^ eCCe! LVthere tVa IoV^ In honore bonI. j ^^ An epigram for the jubilee year — IVbILa fInIMVs DeCLIna trIstIa fata = 1717 aLMe DeVs, PAPiE, reX CeLebrIs rogIto = 1717 ChrIste tVIs Vera et ConserVa DogMata saCra (sic) = 181 7 aVDIto sChoL^ IesVLe Vota Me^. = 1717 The third line, as in the original, is faulty as a chronogram, and the way to rectify it, without making errors in Latinity, scanning, or meaning, is not clear — it makes 181 7. The book contains many other Luther chronograms, which are already printed in my former volumes, extracted from various authorities. XXIV. THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. LARGE engraving, 31 inches by 17, represents an architec- tural facade surmounted by emblems and mottoes ; below are portraits of Prince Ferdinand of Hanover, with a surrounding chronogram, prInCeps ferDInanDVs eLeCtoratVs De- fensor fortIs (= 1763), and of General Lauhdon. Dispersed over the whole are twenty-three frames or cartouches, contain- ing chronograms recording battles and events of the Seven Years' War, the conflict maintained by Frederick II., King of Prussia — England being his only ally — against Austria, Russia, and France, from 1756 to 1763, by which he gained Silesia and other advantages ; upwards of twenty battles were fought. It ended with the peace of Hubertsburg. From my copy of the engraving it seems to be one of a series ; the following is a transcript of the chronograms, and of the brief explanations, which are in hexameter or penta- meter verse, with a number to each — Beckius ille potens sua portat serta triumphi. (64.) noVeMbre PRiETER Lapso aVrora seqVente III. VernansI HERDS CesareVs beCkIVs CohortIs borVssIC^ prope|-= 1759 kcehLen ILLVstrIs fVerat VICtor. J Henricus^ portat prostrato ex hoste trophseum. (65.) DeCeMbre eXspIrato prope hoversWertha generosVsI borVssI.e herds henrICVs tVrb.* theresIanan^e Vernans|-= 1759 fVerat superator. J Fidis sic sociis arx Dillenburgica cessit. (66.) VII IanVarII ConsdCIata Cdhdrs DILLenbVrgII tYrb^eI^ , gaLLIC/E pVgnaX et strenVVs DestrVCtor erat. j ' ° Sic turba Anglorum Gallorum classe triumphat. (67.) XXIIII IanVarII prope gr^VesanD DeneL herde gaLLICo| Ccesd VnIVersa CLassIs fVerat CdnCYssa. j Exspirat Brereton, Corte est redivivus in illo. (68.) IanVarIo nYnC fere eXspIratd angLICYs DYX breretdn^ LaLLId CaptIVItate dppresso prope pdnDIChery STETlTi= 1760 victor. ] ^ Henry, Prince of Prussia, general ; his date is 1726- 1 802. 1760 THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. 261 Est victus Lauhdon ! vicerunt ense Borussi, Daun fratres coesos aspicit monte suos. (86.) XV aVgVstI eXerCItVs C^sareVs gLorIoso sVb VIro] LaVhDone, DVCe C/Esareo prope LIgnIz, fata sangVIneI= 1760 CopIoso satIs eXtensa, fVIt eXpertVs. I Imperii turbam prostravit foedere junctam. (87). XX aVgVstI her OS gLorIosVs ab hVLsen CohortIs IM-] perIaLIs associate prInCIpe VsIngensI CaptIVItatI 1= 1760 sVbIVgato In saXsonIa Vernans eXtItIt VICtor. J Gallica tota cohors tandem captiva moratur, Lalli, Vandrevill stant libertate carentes. (88.) aVgVsto fInIto aVrora sVbseqVente 1. tota CanaDa sVb\_ gLorIoso VIro aMherst sVperata eXVLtat. f^ ^^oo Warburgo reliquos ferro trucidavit et ense. (89.) aVgVsto eXspIrante aVrora sVbseqVente VII. strenVVs] HEROS brVnsWICensIs tVrb^ reLIqV^ DV-MVyzIrenbergII V = 1760 GENEROSVS fVIt sVpERATOR. J Beckius expulsus, montes aufugit in altos. (90.) XII septeMbrIs reX borVssI^ prope LanDshVt In sILesIa"! sVb BECkIo tVrB^ THERESlANiE STRAGE SANGVInEA S VpERA- |- = 1760 TOR ERAT. J Est Gallus felix, hostis ab arce fugit. (109.) XXVII MartII CIVItas CasseLLana hasI^ prInCIpaLIsI sVa associate. CohortIs obsessIone penItVs fVIt LIberata./" ^^ Schenkendorff, Syburg, Linden trino ense triumphant, (no.) II aprILIs fVIt, qVo sChenkenDorffIVstVrb^ CoLonIensIs] et treVIrensIs CopIosIs eXtInCtIs et CaptIs prope saaL-|-= 1761 feLD fVIt sVperator. j Ecce manu forti martis nunc ense cruento, Tandem Gallorum hsec insula bella jacet. (m.) XII aprILIs fVerat, qVo fceCVnDa beLLeIsLe InsVLa a\__ VIro ILLVstrI generaLI hoDgson fVIt oCCVpata. j~ ^'°^ Croy defensor palais nunc limina linquit, Fulmine nam martis Gallica porta jacet. (112.) VII IVnII sVb DVCIbVs angLICIs hoDgson et keppeL\_ , InsVLa beLL^ arX paLaIs fVIt oCCVpata. /~ ^^oi Scheiteri facta haec multos miranda per annos. (113.) XVIIII IVnII VenIt hanoVeranVs sCheIterVs, heros VIrt-' VosVs ET InsIgnIs prope Xanten arsen atqVe genep naVes, CVrrVs et horrea IngentIa, VberIbVs pLena j- = 1761 frVgIbVs, qVInqVagInta stIpatVs VIrIs horIs LXXXXIIII VIro nVLLo Lmso neqVe Capto Igne perDIDIt. Henricus palmam victo referebat ab hoste. (130.) aprILI Cessante DIe seqVente XII prInCeps henrICVs"! tVrb^ CyESARE^B sVb heroe zetWIz VarIIs CaptIs et CcesIs!-= 1762 prope DcebLen sVperator. J 262 THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. En decus imperii nunc portat serta triumphi. (131.) aprILI PRiETERlTO aVrora postea pergente X eXIt tVrba| borVssICa sVb prInCIpe stoLLbergensI, assoCIata: TVRByE.'-= 1762 C^sare^ generaLI prope CheMnIz fVIt prostrata. j Sic vicit Seidliz generoso marte triumphans. (132.) aprILI pr^terLapso DIe seqVente XIIII InsIgnIs gener-I aLIs borVssICVs seIDLIz CohortIs CyESARE^E freIbergII|-= 1762 ILLVsTRls fVIt victor. J Sic Ferdinandi florescit palma triumphi. (133.) XVII IVnII eLeCtoratVs hanoVeranI serVator fortIs fA CohortIs gaLLIC^e prope WILheLMsthaL beLLIpotens - = 1762 stetIt sVperator. j Mensibus en binis martis tormenta boabant, Multis sat captis arx bene cincta jacet. (148.) VIII oCtobrIs arX fortIs Ista sChWIDnICensIs graVII oppVgnatIone et angVstIa satIs pressa beLLICoso BORVs-r= 1762 sIm rege presente CeCIDIt. J Stolberg est victor ! Stolberg nunc marte triumphat. (149) XVI oCtobrIs tVrb^ IMperII assoCIat^ prInCIpaLIs prIn-^ Ceps stoLbergensIs tVrB/E borVssIC^ sVb henrICo freI--= 1762 bergII fVIt sVperator. j Martis vindicta est Henrico debita magna. (150.) XXVIIII oCtobrIs MaVortIVs prInCeps henrICVs Co-] hortIs assoCIat^e freIbergII fortIs et beLLIpotens J- = 1762 STETIt VICTOR. J His spoliis magnis Anglorum corda tumescunt. (151-) oCtobrI CVrrente VIrI angLICI rornIsCh atqVe trapper,"! prInCIpaLIs VrbIs ManILL^e In asIa sIt^e qVoqVe naVIsI= 1762 IngentIs fVere sVperatores. ] Another large engraving, similar in size, form, and subject to the preceding one, exhibits portraits of Field-Marshal Daun and his ' comrade Henricus ' ; the chronograms are as follows. There is no engraver's name or place ; my copy of the engraving seems also to be one of a series — Insidia victa jacet, Cuba necata cubat. (139-) XXX. IVLII fVIt, qVo arX InsVL^ CVb^ sVb heroIbVs' BoCCoK^ atqVe aLbeMarLe VICtorIbVs IstIs gLorIosIs ■ fVerat sVperata. Possidet urbs ingens argenti pondus et auri. (140.) haVana sVb aDMIraLI poCCok^ reportata. = 1762 ^ Sir George Pocock, English Admiral. = 1762 THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR, 263 }= Caesareas princeps debellat marte cohortes Serta laurifero tempora cincta gerit. (141.) DIe XVI aVgVstI herds brVnsVVICensIs-beVern tVrb^] THERESlANiE^ COPlOSis CaPTIs PARItER CcESIs PROPE REIChEN- I = I 762 baCh DebeLLator erat. J Caesarea ecce cohors festinis gressibus exit. (142.) XVII aVgVstI InsIgnIs VIr borVssICVs prInCeps brVns-) WICensIs-beVern, C^sareos sChWeIDnIz graVI 0BSES-i= 1762 sIone prIVare VoLentes fVga peLLenDo stetIt sVperator.) Exuviae multae superato ex hoste relatae. (121.) XV. septeMbrIs fVerat, qVo ILLVstres atqVe VlRxVosr IstI heroes pLaten, zIethen, qVoqVe knobeLaVCh horrea _ VberIbVs pLena frVgIbVs a CaterVa gaLLICa sVbIto'~ ^^ reportaVerVnt. Russorum est heros Dolgruski morte peremptus. (122.) XVIII. septeMbrIs prInCeps WVrtenbergensIs rVssIstrVn- CatIs, CaptIs aC fVgatIs prope CoLLberg erat VICtor. Astutus Lauhdon de nocte hac urbe potitur. (123.) I. oCtobrIs CIVItas sChWIDnICensIs eVentV IneXpeC-\ TATO A LaVhDone VIro beLLIpotente sVbIto reLata. / Moenia non cessat vulcanus perdere flammis. (124.) VIII. oCtobrIs Vrbs WoLfenbVtLensIs arMIs satIs CInCta'I A prInCIpe XaVerIo faVste erat oCCVpata. J Ventorum hostili turbine pressa jacet. (97.) VIII. oCtobrIs fVerat, qVo Vrbs beroLIna a rVssICo] generaLI ezernIsCheW qVassI agMIne faCto fVerat i oCCVpata. J Holmes in ponto prosternit marte cohortes. (98.) XVIIII. oCtobrIs fVIt, qVo InsIgnIs heros brItannICVs) hoLMes^ CLassIs gaLLIC/f, generosVs fVIt VICtor. / LatorfF defensor, Lauiidon desertor abivit. (99.) XXVII. oCtobrIs Ista arX sILesI^e CoseL LaVhDone obsIDente a borVssICo heroe LIberata L^tatVr. Regis Friderici bis quater millia cernis, Quinquaginta tamen hostili a millia currunt. XXX. oCtobrIs CIVItas LIpsIa a gLorIoso Isto rege borVssICo DenVo oCCUpata, Sanguine sternit Fridericus marte cohortes Daun pede per Torgau properante fugam. III. noVeMbrIs notVs heros f. prope zIptIz CiESAREiE TELLVrE CrVORE CopIOSO LVXVrIaNTE x^«.vivi2,rt, PRiESTANS ERAT VICtOR. j En vicit Lauhdon, Fouquet tamen ense triumphat. (75.) XXIII. IVnII VICTORIA sTne VICtorIa a foVqVet Contra eXCeDentes LaVhDonIs tVrbas, tot hostIbVs repressIs, tot lis eXtInCtIs, tot e borVssIs ConserVatIs reportata. appeLLataI LatorffIo |- (100.) frIDerICo\ (lOI.) CohortIs] LaVrea y 1761 1761 1761 1760 1760 1760 = 1760 = 1760 = 1760 The Austrian forces. ^ Holmes, English Commodore. 264 THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. Surgit Fridricus ! dux Daun decipitus ab illo. (76.) IVnIo pergente herds frIDerICVs fVCate Castra re-"| LInqVIt saXonICa, en DaVn oCIVs properat sILesIasV = AST STAT rVbORE CcESVs. j In ponte Gallus tristia fata canit. (77.) VIII. IVLII In fLVVIo sanCtI LaVrentII sVb VIrtVoso\ ^ Defensore bIrong^ CLassIs gaLLICa DestrVCta. / ~ Regius is soboles regia facta tulit. (78.) X. IVLII eVerat, qVo gLorIosVs prosapIa regIa progenI-] tVs prInCeps De ConDe tYrb^e assoCIat^ prope CorbaCh J- = fVeRAT VICTOR. J Pro Corbach, Kirchheyn cantans : vindicta ! reclamat. (79.) XVI. IVLII kIrChenheInII In hassIa sItI DVX h^reDI-\ tarIVs brVnsWICensIs gaLLICe CohortIs tot hostIbVsI = rVIna sVbIVgatIs fortIs fVIt VICtor. ) Discedit Gallus, captus ab hoste manet. (53.) DIE XVIIII. aVgVstI sVb heroe frIDerIChs CIVItas^ CasseLLana a Cohorte ConsoCIata breVI possessIone erat prIVata. August© ista fuit, jam est, pariterque manebit. (54.) aVgVsto eXspIrato aVrora sVbseqVente II 1 1. fVerat,' qVo Vrbs Ista saXonICa prInCIpaLIs DresDen ab ILLVs trI VIro paLatIno zWeIbrVCensI feLICIter fVIt re 1760 1760 1760 1760 1759 1-= 1759 portata. Wolffius exspirat, Saunders redivivus in illo. (55.) XIII. septeMbrIs fVerat, qVo CIVItas qVebeCk a VIro\ PRiESTANTi SaVnDeRS fVIt sVpERATA. ) In ponto victor Boscawen- marte beatus. (56.) XVI. septeMbrIs sVb VIrtVoso La-CLVe tota CLassIs ab\ heroe Isto angLICo bosCaWen^ ILLVstrI stetIt oppressa./ Vir ! Dcemon ! victus ! Russica turba canit. (57.) XXIII. septeMbrIs LegIo rVssICa CohortIs borVssIC^I aCrIter pVgnantIs prope paLzIg ILLVstrIs erat VICtor./ 1759 1759 1759 ^ John Byron, English Admiral, defeated the French fleet at Louisbourg in the river St. Lawrence in 1760. ^ Admiral Boscawen defeated the French fleet commanded by De la Clue. 34 XXV. ENGRAVINGS. DUKE OF BAVARIA. 1686 LARGE engraving in my possession, 15 by 10 inches, probably the frontispiece to a folio volume which I cannot trace, has a very intricate, crowded, and allegorical appearance. It is re- presented by the accompanying facsimile on a reduced scale.^ It relates to the military exploits of Maximilian Emmanuel,- Duke of Bavaria, in the Austrian war in Hungary against the Turks in 1686, as may be gathered from the subject and the chronograms. At the top of the engraving a ribbon bears this inscription — zoDIaCVs baVarI^e fortIssIMo sVo heroI faVsta qV/EqVe]^ _ ET LiETA InTONAT. / ~ Beneath is the circle of the zodiac, in the open centre of which a triangular badge emits twelve rays of splendour spreading in all direc- tions. The zodiac is divided into twelve compartments, each with an allegorical symbol, a sign, and inscriptions as here follow : 1. Aries. An orb and cross, inscribed — Hoc signo ducitur orbis. CrVX nota pIorVM o DeVs saLVa tVos. 2. Taurus. The Bavarian shield, which seems to represent a net, inscribed — Sic capiuntur. paX est bVDa Vt per rete^ Capta atqVe soLIMannVs^V barbarVs pereat. / 3. Gemini. The Bavarian lion apparently guarding them, inscribed — Quis tibi compar. Vera sVnt, etIaM CIVItas bVDensIs fortI LeonI baVaro\ offertVr. ] ^ The use of a lens of moderate magnifying power is recommended to bring up the details of the engraving to their real proportions as seen in the original. ^ See a later chapter in this volume, an almanac dedicated to him. Consult the index, ^ The Bavarian shield is described in heraldry as fusilly or lozengy, resembling a net. ■• Solyman, the name of the Turkish Emperor or Sultan. = 1686 = 1686 = 1686 268 ENGRAVINGS— DUKE OF BAVARIA. 4. Cancer. The same lion raging, inscribed — Nil timet. Ita nobIs VIgeat DVX baVarVs heros InCoMparabILIs. = 1686 5. Leo. Two rampant lions in alliance for warfare, inscribed — Virtute similis. DenIqVe fortIs heros aVo sVo VIrtVte sIMILIs esse) -or ConatVr. /^ '^^^ 6. Virgo. Three emblems in a triangle, representi ng cities in Hungary. Virgo offers a chaplet, inscribed — Sub hac triade. VIENNA neVheVseL qVoqVe bVDa CoronaM offerVnt. = 1686 7. Libra. A heart surrounded by thirteen smaller hearts, inscribed — Ex multis unum. atqVe LaVDIs est sI Mentes In VarIIs rebVs se Con-) ,., IVngVnt. /= '^^^ 8. Scorpio. Seven warriors' arms holding a sword upright, in- scribed — Sic se conjungunt. IaM te VICtore boIarIa gaVDebIt atqVe eXVLtabIt. = 1686 9. Sagittarius. On one side a warrior's arm holds a sword and palm-branch ; on the other a civilian's arm holds a pen and olive- wreath, inscribed — Marte et arte. MartI et artI DatVr LaVs atqVe VICtorIa trIbVItVr. = 1686 10. Capricornus. On one side a priest's arm holds up a cross ; on ihe other a warrior's arm holds up a sword, inscribed — Pius Deo fidus Csesari. CreatorI pIVs IMperatorI fIDVs, fortIs In hostes, sIt\ _ IgItVr Ita fortVnatVs fLoreat. j"^ ^"°° 1 1 . Aquarius. A warrior writes on a tablet within an olive-wreath ' Maximilianus floreat,' inscribed — I mmortalitati. AGE DVX baVare heroa tVa faCta non MorIentVr at) fLorebVnt. /= ^°^^ 12. Pisces. Time, with his hour-glass and scythe in his left hand, holds a pen in his right hand and writes ' Emanuel vivat,' inscribed — ^ternitati. et Ita baVarI^ DVCIs eManVeLIs VIrtVtes VIgeant. = 1686 Beneath are allegorical figures resting on clouds, indicative of peace, between whom, in the centre, is a female figure, flying in mid air, representing Fame blowing two trumpets, to which are attached banners thus inscribed — Ita nobIs herCVLes Iste perennet, et DVX BOlARliE .eterO nVM VIgeat. / = The wings and robe of Fame are scattered over with human eyes. 1686 ENGRAVINGS— DUKE OF BAVARIA. 269 Beneath is a view showing the towns of Vienna, Gran, Buda, Pest, Baracan, and Neuheusel ; in the centre stands a nude female figure,^ ' having in her right hand a human eye, and in her left an open book showing the letters v.d.- The lower portion of the subject shows on the left an imperial personage in a triumphal car drawn by two lions and attended by crowned personages and Turkish prisoners of war, all pre- ceded by females denoting peace, who are met by three females denot- ing plenty issuing from a portico, under which in the distance is the city of Munich. Over the portico, among its decorations, are placed these chronograms and inscription — lo VICtorIa, qVoqVe trIVMphVs, perpetVa Deo gLorIa sIt. = 1686 tIbI ItaqVe VIENNA Cantat. "I neVhaVseL Intonat. 1= i686 bVDa trIVMphat. J Major Alexandre Theodone atque Hercule major Esto tuis factis tu quoque major avo. The columns of the portico are composed of stems of palm-trees entwined with these inscriptions — Austria erit immortalis ob victoriam. Ita IgItVr rVrsVs VenIens DILeCtVs MeVs Iste VIgeat\_ perennet.3 /~ ^°92 Vicisti o Imperator esto augustus. Below all, on either side are the two lions, fierce-looking, and holding shields inscribed — Vivat Austria — Vivat Bavaria. In the centre between them is a globe, supported by trumpeting angels, thus inscribed — Cantate Deo oMnIs terra In eXVLtatIone propter bonaI ,-,, qVje trIbVIt grates perpetVas agIte. j ^ This elaborate work is thus subscribed by its authors — MatthcBus Eimark C. Ratisb : Pictor inv : et Delin : Jan Caspar GutWein. Sculp. Stattamhof. This Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian Emanuel, was the son of Duke Ferdinand, born 1661, began to reign 1669. Allied with Austria and other princes of the German Empire in the war against the Turks in Hungary, he continued faithful to Austria until 1702, when he allied with France and fought in the campaigns undertaken against Marl- borough and Eugene of Savoy. He was defeated at the battle of Rastadt (Blenheim), so disastrous to France and the intrigues of Louis XIV. He then lost his realms, which were treated by the Emperor as a conquered country. By the treaty of Baden he was restored in 17 14. He died in 1726. His birth was applauded in a tract, ' Sol Oriens,' which presaged a glorious career for him. See Chronograms Continued., page 206. Also Zedler, Univ. Lex., xix. 2279. ^ Of Truth ? 2 Verbum Dei ? in contrast with the Ottoman belief. ' This chronogram makes 1692, six years too much ; the engraver's oversight, no doubt. 2 70 ENGRAVINGS— SAINT CAJETAN. SAINT CAJETAN. CAJETAN was son of Caspar, Lord of Thienna, and Mary Porta, persons of the first rank among the nobility of the territory of Vicenza, in Lombardy. He was called Cajetan after the famous Cajetan of Thienna. He was born in 1480, and died in 1559. Among his numerous benevolent acts was his constant attention to the needs of the poor, personally relieving them in times of pestilence, plague and famine ; while his religious zeal was conspicuous in his attempts to re- form the lives of the clergy by instituting the order of ' regular clerks ' or priests, united by vows to fulfil the duties of the ecclesiastical state conformably to his very strict rule. He was beatified by Pope Urban VIH. in 1629, and canonized by Clement X. in 1671 (see Butler's ' Lives of the Saints ' under his day, August 7. A large engraving, by Joh. Henrich Stockier of Augsburg, after a picture by Jacopo Amiconi (painter 1 605-1 661), represents Cajetan imploring help from above, below which is the following chronogram of the year 1 7 18, when probably a pestilence prevailed : sanCtVs CaIetanVs CLerICVs regVLarIs baVarI^ neC] NGN VtrIVsqVe sICILI^ patronVs et a fVnesta CoN-l= 1715 tagIone proteCtor speCIaLIs DeLIgItVr. j ■***- PORTRAITS. FREDERICK I., King of Prussia. A mezzotint oval portrait represents him robed and crowned. Eight Latin verses beneath are signed ' David Koogstranus.' The engraver is Peter Schenck. A chronogram marks the year of his accession — frIDerICVs pIVs atqVe feLIX \ prIMVs reX borVssI^. /" ^7oi Prior to this date the rulers of Prussia were dukes. In 1688 Duke Frederick III. succeeded to the throne. On January 18, 1701, in an assembly of the states, he put a crown upon his own head and upon the head of his consort, and was proclaimed King of Prussia by the title of Frederick I. — ***■ A broadsheet, printed at Nuremberg, has in the centre an engraving by Thomas Hirschman, dated 1683, of the young Archduke of Austria, born in 1678, son of Leopold I., and who became Emperor of Germany, as Joseph I., in 1705. The sheet is filled with congratula- tions in German on his fifth birthday in 1683, dated thus — gott sChVt VIeL seegen, aVf seInen VVegen, aVf IhMeI Dar. 1= 1683 The child is represented in Roman costume, half length. Engraving, 7 by 5 inches. Six saints surround him; the eagle is above all. ENGRAVINGS— PORTRAITS. 271 A mezzotint portrait of Achatius Hiils, born at Bamberg in 1534, died on March 20, 16x4, the eightieth anniversary of his birth. His lineage is set forth, and beneath is this hexameter and pentameter chronogram, with the interpretation thereof — bIs Dena MartII, qVa Vt natVs, obIt qVoqVe FAVsxfe = hVLsIVs enItVIt Is probItate seneX = Annum quo natus fuit, priore versu, posteriori priori conjuncto Annum, mensem, et Diem obitus exprimi 10 14 sciat lector. ^^^^^^^ I.e. On the twice tenth day of March, ivhen Huh was born, he also died happily, an old jnan distinguished for his probity. In the first line the reader will perceive the year in which he was born, and the last line added to the first, the year, month, a?id day of his death. ■$$^' A mezzotint portrait of a man wearing a full wig ; size 14 by 9^ inches; inscribed — Natus 29 Dec. 1671 [Armorial Denat d. 18. 7bris. Lipstad. Westph. shield.] i733- loHANN DIeterICh notebohM \ bVrger-CapItaIn, neVten [ = 1722 qVartIers In frankfort. ] MDCCXxii. erat annus i.c.m. promot. ad Dign. Bernardus Vogel. Capit. Sculpsit Aug. Vin. •***— A mezzotint portrait inscribed ' Samuel Christian Thomse, Pastor Evangel. Palat. in Praefect Germersheim post ann. 125 intervallum Primus, in Florig. Norimb. ad Pegnes. Societ. dictus Fidocles.' Beneath are these lines giving the dates of his birth and some events in his career — 1668. fata benIgna Dabant geMIn.^ CVnabVLa VIt^. 1694. MoX DeVs aVXILIans pasCere IVssIt oVes. 1 7 10. InDe paLatInIs sVM pastor et InCoLa terrIs. 1 719. sic oVIbVs faCIes, Vt Mea nota fIDes. Affectionis causa Honoris et observ, ergo. f. Joh. Kenekel del. et sculp. M. Joac Negelein P. L. C. Diac. Laurent, in Florig. Norimb. ad Pegnis. Societ. diet'. FLORANDO. He was a member of the Pegnitz Society at Nuremberg, an association of literary men ; so also was the person named in the second note to the portrait. They were known in the society by the assumed names Fidocles and Florando. The Society is described in a book quoted in Chronograms, page 404. — $*$-^ 272 ENGRAVINGS— BATTLE OF BLENHEIM. An engraved portrait of a man wearing a frill round his neck, inscribed, ' Obiit Alosti in Flandria xvi. Kal. Septemb. cio.iolxxxiv. ^t. XXXVI. — Balthasar Ayala. I. C. et Senator Regius Machliniensis." feLIX IngenIo, rethor graVIs, arte dIsertVs LIngVIsqVe, et CLarVs IVre perItVs erat : regIVs In beLLo IVdeX, desCrIpsIt, et ILLa beLLICa, qYm ^qVaLI, IVra bILanCe dabat : prInCIpIbVsqVe VIrIs gratVs, deCoratVs hongro OFFICIO, seros oCCIdIt ante dIes. i.e. He was happy in his wit, a weighty speaker, having an intimate acquaintance with learning attd languages, clear and skilful in juris- prudence, a splejidid judge in warlike matters, ivhich he decided with i?npartiality ; he was acceptable to princes and to men, decorated with honour in his office ; he died before mattire age. (The letters D in the chronogram are not counted.) = 1584 A BATTLE OF BLENHEIM. LARGE engraving (23 by 20 inches) by Romanus de Hooghe represents the battle of Blenheim ; the foreground shows the conflict on the banks of the Danube. It is dated by this hexameter verse — 'gaLLos et boaros MarLborg tIbI DeLet In Istro. = 1704 Mensis vere Augusti 13.' The engraving is dedicated to Queen Anne of England. Prince Eugene of Savoy is represented in the thick of the fight, and Marl- borough (here named Churchill) is in the foreground. ^t«I»^ PRINCE EUGENE. A BROADSHEET printed in the German language is a memorial of the death of Prince Eugene of Savoy, commander in the Austrian army, and an ally of the Duke of Marlborough at the battle of Blenheim and other famous fights. The broadsheet is twenty-five inches in length ; it shows in its upper half a portrait of Prince Eugene with various accessory lethal emblems, over eleven inches square in size, a facsimile whereof I give here on a somewhat reduced scale. The oval border has the names of his victories engraved in small characters ; his armorial shield in the lower corner appears as broken across the dexter quarterings displaying the arms of Savoy, denoting his death in 1736, as alluded to by this chronogram in the upper corner of the picture — eVgenIVs prInCeps eheV ! InopInata Mors sVos DeLeVIt\ ^ . tItVLos. J ~ 35 ENGRAVINGS— A TROPHY. 275 Lower down is the following — VnVergangLIChes ehren traVer grabMahL Des prInzensI eVgenII Von saVoIIen. /= ^73^ The verses, etc., in the lower half of the sheet are preceded by this chronogram, in large print — eX VtroqVe CiESARls fIDeLIssIMVs LoNofe IVIt. -= 1736 The concluding verses are preceded by these chronograms — naM tVnC et eVgenIVs VenIt, VIDIt, VICIt. = 1736 aVCh eVgenIVs kaMe, sake VnD VnterVVarffe aLLEs = 1736 The engraving is designed and executed by Elias Back, and the whole was printed at Augsburg. The accompanying facsimile of the engraving being on a reduced scale, the use of a lens is needed to bring the details into clearer view equal to the original. •**«■ A TROPHY. A LARGE engraving in my possession, 21 by 14 inches, of a military trophy printed in crimson ink, represents a square pedestal (as if to support a column) bearing on its top two letters C in combination, which are surmounted by the crown of Charlemagne, signifying Charlemagne the founder of the German Empire, and Charles VL, the reigning Emperor. Each face of the pedestal bears a military scene in the war of expulsion of the Turks from Hungary : No. I, the victory over the Turks at Belgrade, on August 17, 1717 ; No. 2, the occupation of the Turkish camp on August 16 ; No. 3, the submission of Belgrade on August 1 8 -, and No. 4, a trophy of Turkish cannons and standards, bearing this chronogram — EN haeC De tVrCIs fVsIs sVnt arMa reposta. = 1 7 17 A LARGE engraving in my possession represents a town (Heil- bronn in Wiirtemburg ?), signed 'Joh: Christ: Fillisch delineavit 1728. — A. Nunper sculp: Norimb:' size 10 inches high by 29 inches long. In the left-hand corner is a tablet surmounted by a trophy of weapons ; from behind it comes a female figure forcing old Time away from it. The tablet is inscribed — antIqVItates heILbronnenses 1 A teMporIs InsVLtIbVs |-= 1731 pI/E posterItatI VInDICat^. J Compare this with a book, * Antiquitates Heilbronnenses,' printed at Nuremberg, 1806, folio. Press-mark 555, e. 22, British Museum. 276 ENGRA VINGS— EMBLEMS. A large engraving, about 19 inches square, represents the ' schloss ' at Aschaffenburg and a view of the town ; a printed description under- neath concludes thus — o gott! thVe VnserM herrn sehr spathe Iahr VerLeIhen !\_ so hoffen VVIr, er VVIrD aLso Vns noCh offt erfreVenIJ"" ^'^^ The engraving is signed ' Henericus J. Ostertag et Henericus H. Contgen. sculp. Mog.' EMBLEMS. A PRETTILY engraved set of twelve 'emblems,' probably re- moved out of a book, reached me from a Continental bookseller. The subjects are within circular boundary-lines about 2 inches in diameter, and are intended to convey some religious sentiment. On the outside of each there is an elaborate ornamental border arranged in square form, each being of different design. Around the central sub- jects there is a chronogram motto of the year 1723, when probably the engraver executed his work. In the absence of any accompanying explanations, I can only transcribe the mottoes, which are appropriate to the subjects — Vera beatItVDo CVM et In paCe .eVIterna. = 1723 MeDICVs eXpertVs In Contagiosa peste. = 1723 I'OrtVs tVtVs, CertaqVe porta MIserICorDI^. =-- 1723 LVna In Ipso VIrtVtVM spLenDore perfeCta. = 1723 LVX In nVbIs gerManIs e CceLo Data. =:^ 1723 hIC VICTOR trIVMphabVnDVs. =1723 sanCtIfICanDVs eX Vtero MatrIs. = 1723 freqVentIVs sVMenDa saCra eVCharIstIa. = 1723 VeXILLVM honorIs et DeCorIs. = 1723 CanDIDVs parIter, et rVbICVnDVs. = 1723 CorDILegIVM pVre XenIaLe. = 1723 InneXI fortIVs ConCorDaMVs. = 1723 HOSTES trIVIstI, paLMas norberte tVLIstI \ _ nosqVe CoronarI Da pIetate parI. /"" ^'^^ This last, a leonine couplet, is addressed to St. Norbert. ■***■ TffE ASSUMPTION. AN engraving in my possession of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, signed ' Ant. Stockhamber, del. — I. A. Pfeffel, sculp. Aug. V.^ — Jos. Mereder s.i. inv.' Size 11 by 6| inches. It represents the Saviour receiving her into heaven to occupy a vacant seat on the ^ Augusta Vindelicorum, = Augsburg. ENGRAVINGS— THE ASSUMPTION. right of His throne, to the left of which a venerable personage occupies the corresponding seat. The Dove sheds rays over the group. Angels and saints are in attendance rejoicing. Beneath the terrestrial globe appears rising from or resting in space, having on the visible surface 'Terra sancta' deUneated, on which is figured 'Sepulch: b.v.m.' On the upper margin is this chronogram — assVMptIone VIrgInIs In CceLos gaVDent angeLI. And in the lower margin — gnaDIge sChVtzfraV Der bVrger brVDersChafft Zu Klagenfurth in Carndten. i.e. The angels in heaven rejoice at the assumption of the Virgin. — The gracious protectress of the City Fraternity of Klagenfurt in Carinthia. This has apparently been the frontispiece or an illustration to a book which I am unable to identify. It is finely engraved. The chrono- gram helps to assign a locality to the engraving. 277 = 1721 = 1721 XXVI. GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. N addition to the numerous historical medals and coins men- tioned in Chronogi'ams and Chronograms Continued, the following are extracted from a work, ' Vollstandiges Thaler- Cabinet,' by David Samuel Madai, 4 vols., 410., Konigsberg, 1765. A copy is in the British Museum Library. Vol. I., No. 957. Essen. Allusion to Saints Cosmas and Damian, Anna Salome, princess, etc. — qVos s. engeLbertVs tVetVr Vos ss. CosMa et DA.(miana) ) _ foVete. / ~" No. 1,501. A Saxon thaler of Duke William Ernest for the Luther jubilee — A Deo aCCensVM qVIs sVperabIt. = No. 1,551. A funeral thaler of John Ernest VIIL, Duke of Saxony (see No. 4,034 below) — CceLo reDVX IntaMInatIs fVLget honorIbVs. = No. 1,550. A Luther jubilee thaler of the same duke at Salfeld — IVbIL^eVM saaLfeLDIa agIt In L^tItIa. No. 1,582. A funeral thaler of Julius Sigismund of Mecklenburg- feLICI tempore eDIto. VetVst^ stIrpIs henet^ anna sophIa MeCLenbVrgensIs\ IpsI traDItVr. / eXVsta est arbor sic eXIt gLorIa MVnDI. sVrCVLVs eX DeMpto prognatVs stIpIte regnet. No. 1,658. A memorial thaler of Albert Ernest, Dettingen — aLbertVs ernestVs faVente DeI gratIa prIMVs ottInceI prInCeps. ] nVMen VnICa In terrIs saLVs proVIDebIt. No. 4,034. The death of John Ernest VIIL (see 1,551 above) — IntaMInatIs reDVX CceLo fVLget honorIbVs. No. 4,055. Mauritius Wilhelmus, Duke of Saxony ; a Luther memorial — ChrIsto DVCe serVabIMVr. = 1717 1680 1717 = 1729 = 1717 I ^'53 1677 1684 1682 1675 1675 = 1729 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. 279 Another on the same subject — HER GOTT ZEBAOTH TROSTE VnS LaS VnS LeBEN SO WOLLen\ _ wIr DeInen nahMen anrVffen. JRsa/m\xxx. 19. /" ^^17 No. 4216. John Frederick, Count of Hohenloe, on the Augsburg Confession — Ioh: krIDerICVs CoMes hohen: eX pIo Voto posVIt, = 1730 IesVs ChrIstVs est DoMInVs qVI CoronabIt sVos. = 1730 No. 4219. — LVDoVICVs et phILIppVs ChrIstTanVs et CaroLVs hen-^ rICVs atqVe aVgVstVs hIs eX fratrIbVs natI In VnIone|-= 1751 feLICes sVnt CapIta LIne^ HOHENLolCiE LangenbVrgIC^. j No. 4,760. The city of Augsburg, festival medal of the ' Confession ' — nVnC aVgVsta pIas LaVDes et IVbILa MIttIt. = 1730 No. 5,069. A Nuremberg thaler. For others see Chronograms, p. 76, and Chronograms Continued, p. 650 — est VbI DVX IesVs paX VICto Marte gVbernet. = 1648 No. 5,176. Relating to events at Miinster and the Peace of West- phalia (hexameter verse) — C/esarIs et regVM IVnXIt paX aVrea DeXtras. = 1648 No. 1,870. Ludovicus primus Bohemige, to commemorate the com- mencement of the Reformation. (See also Chronograms, p. 291) — lo ! eCCe VaLLes fLorent CVM eVangeLIo. = 15 17 No. 2321. Another Nuremberg thaler alludes to Charles VI. (hexa- meter verse) — PER CaroLVM popVLo reDIens paX IVra tVetVr. = 1737 No. 2,229. Frankfurt on Main, a Charles VI. compUmentary thaler, marking the year when he began to reign — qVIs haC imperii Corona DIgnIor te? =1711 No. 3,2 1 2. A thaler to commemorate the peace of Ryswick (hexameter verse), it also appears on a Nuremberg coin — eXpeCtata reDI paX ! paX sVperVM aVrea proLes. = 1696 Vol. IV., No. 5,413. A coin of Bamberg, when the see was vacant — effLVXo qVInqVagenarIo et terno anno CapItVLo 1 . InteregnVM reDIVIt. / No. 5,658. A coin of Charles Theodore, Count Palatine (hexameter and pentameter couplet) — IrraDIat Montes CaroLI presentIa nostros, \^ ^ ^ et VeLVt eXorIens phcebVs ab aXe VenIt. / No. 5,676. A medal of Frederic Augustus I. of Poland and Saxony, dated June 6 — Ipse sV/e gentIs LVX pLaCIDVsqVe aMor. = i733 obseqVIVM RENO Vat VetVs Vrbs CeLebrata fIDeLIs. = 1733 freyberg DIe aLte VnD getrVe 1 j^ . VersprICht DIe aLte treV aVfs neVe. / 28o GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. Vol. III., No. 86i. Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, a thaler when the see was vacant. The words are exact as in the Vulgate Version — orIetVr In tenebrIs LVX tVa, et XENEBRiE tV^ erVnt\_ ^ „ sICVt MerIDIes, IsaIae, Iviii. lo. j-- 109a The following extracts are from a work ' Mainzer Miinzen ' . . . &c., by S. A. Wurdtwein, printed at Mannheim, 1769, on the coins and medals of the city and Archbishopric of Maintz, a few of which are dated by chronograms. No. 435. Archbishop Anselm — VInDICtaM eXeqUor ULtrIX. = 1688 No. 437. Same — VIVat Io ! anseLMI DeXtra IosephVs InUnCtVs. = 1690 No. 467. Archbishop Lothar (hexameter and pentameter couplet) — His sVbnIXa thoLIs gerana aCaDeMIa sVrgIt, 1^_ rVrsVs et InsIgnI fonte rIgata VIret. j~ ^95 No. 510. Archbishop John Frederic Charles — zVr erInnerVng eIner Lang erWUnsChten hVLDIgVng^ zV MaIntz. J^" ^744 No. 511. Same — oMIna saCra tenes en IVgIa nVntIa VoLVo "i _ qV^e fero sVo sIgnIs sVbDIta sIgna Lege. /^ ^743 No. 514. Same — sIXtI qVartI LIberaLItate, DIetherI gratIa, IoannIs] frIDerICI CaroLI faVore, reCtorIs a greIffenCLaV ^ = 1746 CVra. J No. 520. An Interregnum medal, the see being now vacant — DoMCapItVLarIsChe regIerVng. = 1763 No. 566. Emeric Joseph, Archbishop. A large medal ; the inscrip- tion alludes to the armorial device of Mayence, a wheel and key — proVIDentIa CVM sorte e CLaVIs et rot m (sic.) = 1768 No. 567. Same — proVIDentIa CVM rota et CLaVI. = 1768 No. 579. Philip Charles, Archbishop. St. Martin's Guild jubilee— Deo faVente MartIno patroCInante InnoCentIo papa XIII. = 1722 No. 580. Same — haC sVb VMbra DIVI patronI tVtVs et sanVs ConsenVIt. = 1739 No. 581. Same — sVb DeI VoLentIs et MartInI aVspICIIs sanVs fIt IVbI-1 LaeVs. 1= ^740 No. 582. Another jubilee medal of the same Archbishop — Deo, noVo CaesarI, IMperIo, aVstrIae et fratrIbVs"! sVIs IVbILaeVs IVbILat. /= ^745 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. No. 583. A medal of Hugo Frans: Car: Comes ab Eltz — soLVs trInVs et VnVs DeVs In seneCtVte AVXILlATOR"i MeVs. J = 1754 No. 584. Medal of Emericus Josephus, Baron Breidbach, a dignitary of Mainz and dean of the cathedral — IVraVIt qVa DoMICeLLarIs. = 17 19 fIt eLeCtIo In DeCanVM. = 1758 IVbILante eMerICo a breIDbaCh. = 1759 beneDICtIo CaeLI sIt sVper Me. = 1759 No. 585. Lothar George Joseph, Count de Stadion, a dignitary of the cathedral — Deo CoMIte hoC anno IVbILans. = 1758 fIDes spes CharItas tres anChora saLVtIs Meae. = 1758 No. 586, Charles, Baron Dalberg, a dignitary, archdeacon, etc. — annVs IVbILarIs prIMVs CaroLI ba : a DaLberg. = 1770 No. 593. Christopher Nebel, Suffragan-Bishop of Mainz — saCerDotI IVbILaeo saCrVM. = 1763 gLorIfICate et portate DeVM In Corpore Vestro. = 1763 These are the words of i Cor. vi. 20, Vulgate version. sVsCIpIens agnVM pro DeLICto. = 1763 These are the words of Lev. xiv. 24, Vulgate version. Data sVnt ILLI InCensa MVLta. = 1763 These are the words of Apoc. viii. 3, Vulgate version. No. 701. Count Boineburg, money of the town of Erfurt — eIa erfort tanto CoMIte et proprInCIpe gaVDe, = 1709 Ipsa etenIM paLLas h^C sIgna tenenDo sVperbIt. = 1709 No. 703. John Joachim, Suffragan-Bishop of Erfurt — SiEPE DIes VenIat IgaChIMVs honore VoCatVs. = 1724 No. 704. Christopher Ignatius, Suffragan-Bishop of Erfurt — eXpoLIt aC MItra LItVoqVe InsIgnIa Donat. = 1726 die 19. JULII. erford. Coins of the bishoprics of Germany. The German States which were also bishoprics issued their own coinage. A great number of such coins were current, as appears by a work, ' Die capitels-und- Sedisvacanzmiinzen und Medaillen,' etc., by K. F. Zepernick ; Halle, 1822-1834 ; three volumes (two and a supplement), with twenty plates of 240 coins and medals, beautifully engraved. It may be inferred that only a small portion of such coins are described, as the work is devoted to the representation of the coins during the period when the bishops' sees were vacant. The inscriptions generally contain the words * Sede vacante,' or ' Sedes vacans.' The devices show a variety 36 282 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. of armorial bearings, very useful in identifying certain of the coins. A few are dated by chronograms. Page 87, Plate II., No. 26. Mainz bishopric — DohMCapItVLarIsChe regIerVng. = 1763 Page 87, Plate V., No. 55. Bamberg bishopric — eX ConCorDI fratrVM Voto eXsVrget paX. = 1746 Page 88, Plate V., No. 56. Bamberg — effLVXo qVInqVagenarIo et terno anno CapItVLo) , InterregnVM reDIVIt. /~ ^'^ Page 91, Plate v., No. 58. Bamberg — HoC CorDe LIgatI sVnt oMnes. = 1757 Page 152, Plate XI., No. 124. Liege. Portrait of Bishop Charles — DeLICIae CIVIVM. = 1764 Page 172, Plate XIIL, No. 151. Osnabriick bishopric — orIetVr In tenebrIs LVX tVa et tenebrae tVae erVnt\_ ^ j. sICVt MerIDIes. IsaIae Iviii. 10 (verbatim in Vulgate). /~ ^ ^ Page 8, supplement volume. Fulda bishopric — His proteCtorIbVs MVLtIpLICabVntVr annI saeCVLaresI eCCLesI^e VrbIs et totIVs patrIae. J ^'^^ The title-page of another work commences, ' Verzeichniss aller derenigen medaillen,' etc. A list of historical, local, festival, and other medals from 1679 to 1792. By George Nicolas Reidner, mint- master at Nuremberg. Printed at Nuremberg, 1776 and 1792. Five hundred and fifty-four medals are described, of which eighty bear chronogram inscriptions, many being in hexameter verse. No. 7. Alluding to the siege of Neuhausel, in Hungary — neVheVseL IMperatorI LeopoLDo asserItVr Igne et\ _ ^„ ensIbVs fortIter : hostIs perIIt tVrpIter. )~ ^ ^ No. II. Alluding to same — aqVILa aVgVstI Mense aVgVsto oppVnatIone et aCIeI VICtrIX LVpos tVrCICos gLorIosa VenatrIX Vertat In|-= 1685 Lepores. j No. 29. Joseph crowned King of Hungary — IosephVs prIMVs In InferIorI atqVe sVperIorI hVngarIa) _ ,g reX pIVs aVgVstVs arChIDVX aVstrI^. /~ ^^^^ No. 40. The siege of Stuhlweissenburg, in Hungary — eXItIVM tVrCIs annotat aLba reDVX. -= 1688 eX Voto hVngarIaM sVbIICIs LeopoLDe LeVasqVe. = 1689 No. 43. The siege of Belgrade — IMbeLLes tVrCos CrVX atqVe eCCLesIa VInCVnt. = 1688 No. 52. WiUiam of Orange crowned King of England — gVILIeLM prInCeps aVrIaCVs angLIae sCotIae franCIae\_ .r, et hIbernIae reX, CoronatVr 21 apr. j~ ^ ^ 1690 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. 283 No. 69. Joseph crowned King of the Romans — VI Vat IosephVs teVtonIae reX et DeLICIVM. = 1690 No. 71. Joseph, King of Hungary, etc. — pannonIae MoDo reX faCtVs IosephVs agente soLerter\_ sophIe fIt qVoqVe teVtonIae. /~ No. 178. On the arrangement of a dispute between the Emperor and the Pope — aLbanI In fratres se fLeCtIt sIDVs aMore. = 1709 No. 201. On raising the siege of Cordona — Vno DIe Corona Data et CorDona serVata. = 1711 No. 215. Allegiance to Charles VI. sworn at Nuremberg — Magna Data a CoeLo o soboLes ! spes tVta ! VIrebIs. = 171 2 No. 215. The same, alluding to the fireworks — Laeta norIs CaroLo fIDeI DeDIt IgnIbVs Ignes. = 171 2 No. 216, The capture of Quesnoy by Charles VI. — DoMat fortIs ConstantIa qVerCVs. = 17 12 No. 218. Charles VI. crowned King of Hungary, etc. — ferrVMqVe tenebat hoC Ipse aeaCIDes. = 1712 NON oCCIDIt VsqVaM. = 171 2 CIrCVMfVso penDebat In aere. = 17 12 No. 219. Coronation of Charles VI., the imperial pomegranate inscribed (in allusion to the red juice of the fruit ?) — regnanDo reCreat sIstItqVe CrVoreM. = 17 12 No. 222. On the return of the Empress Elizabeth Christina from Catalonia — tVta reDIt ConstantI et reDDItVr arCae. = 17 13 No. 223. On cessation of the pestilence at Hamburg — seDet sVb proteCtIone et tVteLa aLtIssIMI. = 17 14 No. 224. On cessation of the pestilence at Ratisbon — aDIVtore aLtIssIMo a peste LIberata seCVra. = 17 14 No. 225. On cessation of the pestilence at Vienna — sIe 1st Ietzt Vnter DeM sChVtz gottes sICher. = 17 14 No. 226. On the treaty of peace concluded at Rastadt — Dat paCeM rastatt, patrI^e est Vrbs ILLa qVIetIs. = 17 14 No. 231. Charles VI., the peace of Rastadt — Vna DVos Iterata Decs ConCorDIa strIngIt. = 17 14 No. 233. Charles VI., peace celebrated at Baden, in Switzerland — IanI teMpLo baDenae In argoVIa CLaVso. = 17 14 No. 236. The alliance between Great Britain and the Elector. The device, the heraldic horse of Luneburg, is inscribed : ' Unus non sufficit orbis ' — aCCeDens DIgnVs DI Vises orbe brItannos. = 17 14 No. 240. The Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian Emanuel, is restored to his dominions — reDVCI optIMo sVo prInCIpI. = 1715 No. 242. On the return of Charles XII., King of Sweden, to his country. The inscription is adapted from Virgil, ^n., i. 204 — PER VarIos CasVs per tot DIsCrIMIna regnIs. = 17 15 284 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. No. 246. Charles VI., to commemorate the birth of Leopold, his son. The inscription is adapted from Virgil, Eclog., iv. 7 — aVstrIa progenies CoeLIs DeMIttItVr aLtIs. = No. 247. The same. Elizabeth brings forth a son on April 13 — gaVDete eLIsabetha ChrIstIna peperIt fILIVM. = No. 248. The same. The infant is invested with the order of the Golden Fleece^ — InItIo VerIs CoeLo DeMIttItVr aLto ; = EN, aVrato CVM VeLLere Iason aDest. = soL oCVLVs MVnDI tangebat. = No. 250. The same, complimentary to the infant — frVCtVM paCIs DonaVerat aether. = No. 251. The same. The infant was born after a long delay. The device is an aloe in bloom after the supposed hundred years — IngentIs stIrpIs CVnCtanDo restItVIt reM. = No. 252. Commemorates the Emperor, the Empress, and the infant — CaroLVs eLIsabetha et LeopoLDVs patrIae feLICIs Cor\_ ET DeLICIae. /~ No. 253. Charles VI. and the battle near Peterwardein, in August ; the device is a trophy taken from the Turks— Caesar De tVrCIs Mense aVgVsto. = No. 254. The siege and victory of Temesvar, on October 12 — transyLVanIa MetV aC InsIDIIs LIberata. = No. 256. Charles VI. The slaughter of 2,000 Turks at the rivers Danube and Save — Caesar aD saVVM VICtor. No. 257. The same. The Emperor is represented as sitting on his throne, inscribed — prIMItIae DeVICtIs tVrCIs. No. 261. The capture of Belgrade by the Emperor — CaroLo sVbIgItVr beLgraDVM. = DeCIMa oCtaVa aVgVstI. No. 262. Charles VI. The siege of Belgrade by the "three mighty men of valour," a quotation adapted from the Bible : Judges vi., etc. — gLaDIVs DeI CaroLI et gIDeonIs eVgenII. = No. 264. The same event. Prince Eugene of Savoy on horseback, inscribed (see Judges vii. 18, 20) — NGN EST heIC aLIVD nIsI gLaDIVs gIDeonIs. = No. 265. On the religious disputes in Christendom — sIehe saVL DV VerfoLgest MICh. Act. ix. 4. = No. 266. The inundation at Hamburg — Dasz DICh Das VVasser nICht ersaVffe. = No. 267. Prince Eugene and the victory at Belgrade — tVrCo battVto aL granD' eVgenIo sI renDe beLgraDo. = ^ See Chronograms Continued, p. 183. GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. 285 No. 269. Luther — MartInVs LVtherVs theoLogI^ DoCtor. = 17 17 FoLIVM eIVs neC DefLVet. In memoriam jubilaei evangelici\_ secundi 31 Oct. j ' ' No. 270. Luther, A jubilee medal represents Jerusalem — eCCe sVper te orIetVr DoMInVs. = 17 17 aLter post eMenData saCra annVs IVbILaeVs. = 171 7 No. 276. Luther. A jubilee medal — LVtherVs eLeCtVM DeI nostrI organon. = 1717 No. 277. Luther. A jubilee medal represents the Grand Duke of Saxony and Luther, and this legend from Psalm xci. i — VVIr stehen getrost Vnter Des hoChsten sChIrM. = 17 17 No. 279. Luther. A Reformation medal represents a church and a figure of the Virgin, and dates the first and second jubilee — heI VIDI heI Latas post IVbILa prIMa tenebras. = 1617 prIMa IVbILaeI eCCLesIae eVangeLICae CeLebratIo. = 161 7 paX erIt en paLMas CaroLo Donante qVIetas. = 17 17 aLtera soLeMnIs IVbILaeI eCCLesIae eVangeLICae CeLe-\ _ bratIo. j~ ^7^7 No. 282. Charles VI., on his visit to Sicily — Date qVae sVnt CaesarIs CaesarI qVae DeI Deo. = 17 18 InDe sICILIa LegItIMo regI sVo restItVta. = 1718 No. 285. Charles VI., on the Turks desiring peace — In paCIs InDVCIas DebeLLato sVppLICI hostI gLorIose\ ConCessas. / No. 287. Charles VI. A treaty of peace with the Turks — parCet sVbMIssIs DebeLLabItqVe sVperbos. = 17 18 No. 289. Charles VI. The destruction of the Spanish fleet at Syracuse — hIspanorVM CLassIs a IoVe et neptVno DeLeta. = 17 18 No. 292. Charles XII. of Sweden, born June 24, 1682, died Decem- ber II, 1718 — so Lang DIe VVeLt besteht, seIn naMe nICht Vergeht. = 1718 No. 294. Charles XII. His death at the siege of Friderichshall, December 11 — non anIMo VICtUs seD fato fraCtVs obIbat. = 17 18 No. 297. Nuremberg, the church of St. ^gidius, erected in 1140, burnt in 1696, rebuilt in 17 18 — Deo statorI serVatorI et proteCtorI CIVItatIs norIM-\_ ^ bergensIs. /~ ^'^ No. 299. The election of the Bishop of Miinster and Paderborn, Clement Augustus, Duke of Bavaria (see Chronograms Continued, 230) — • CLeMentI boIo LVDgerI tIara eXornato. = 17 19 prInCIpI atqVe epIsCopo sVo CLeMentI LoCo phILIppII fratrIs eLeCt. j ^ No. 300. Sweden. Ulrica Eleonora, the sister of Charles XII., crowned Queen of Sweden — Dat reCtas fessIs VIres sIstItqVe CrVoreM. = 17 19 1718 1719 286 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. No. 303 Frederick, the consort of Queen Ulrica Eleonora, crowned King of Sweden. The device is Pallas with a shield — Mars a paLLaDe eX Voto CoronatVs. = 1720 No. 304. The consecration of John Philip Francis, Bishop of Wurz- burg— IngentI MagnI patrVI De LVCe refVLsIt. = 1720 In ConseCratIone nepotIs qVarto IDVs noVeMbrIs. = 1720 No. 306. Medal on the death of Eleonora Magdalena Theresia, consort of Leopold I., Emperor of Germany — grata tot aeternVM aVgVstae DeCVs astra Coronant. = 1720 No. 307. Charles Frideric Augustus, the new-bornPrince of Saxony, on November 18 — hVnC DeVs oMnIpotens faCIet sIne fIne VIrere. = 1720 No. 309. St. John of Nepomuc ; his portrait in a circle of stars — InsIgnIs asyLVs perICLItantIbVs De sVa faMa. = 172 1 Vno Is CLeMentIs sVb sIDere fVLsIt In arIs. = 1721 roMae InDVLta sanCtI VIrI festIVa transLatIone. = 1721 No. 312. Medal on the death of Pope Clement XI., March 19 — perennIs oMnIa soLIs habens nVnC hIs qVoqVe spLenDet\ _ In astrIs. /~ ''^^ pifc eXtInCtVs roMae DIe sanCtI IosephI. = 1721 No. 313. Medal on the death, at Rheims, of Louis XV. of France — oLeo sanCto De poLo reX IVngebatVr rheMIs. = 1722 No. 314. Medal on the marriage of Charles Albert, Prince of Bavaria, with Maria Amalia, Princess of Austria — CaroLo aLberto prInCIpI eLeCtoraLI baVarIae nVbIt\_ aMaLIa IosephI CaesarTs fILIa. j ^^^^ No. 315. Another — CaroLVs baVarVs et aMaLIa De aVstrIa. = 1722 DESPONSATI 5 OCT. No. 317. On the marriage of Charles Emanuel Victor, Crown Prince of Sardinia, with Princess Anna Christina of Pfalz, on the Rhine — ConIVnCtIo faVsta DVorVM. = 1722 No. 318. The 'fire-arms shooting' company of St. John at Nurem- berg— VIrtVte dVCe CoMIte fortVna. =1722 geseLLsChafts-geDaChtnVss, so hVnDert Iahr nVn gLVCk\ _ LICh steht. [The year of establishing the company.] j~ ^"^^ Ietzt Vnter gottes Lob Ins anDre seCVLVM-erfreVet\ _ geht. [The centenary commemoration.] j~ ^7^2 No. 320. Charles VI. and Elizabeth Christina crowned at Prague— DVabVs CoronIs Vna Corona IMponItVr. = 1723 No. 326. Charles VI.; Elizabeth brings forth a daughter, Maria Amalia Carolina — arChIDVCIssaM peperIt aVgVsta VIennae. = 1724 GERMAN MEDALS AND COINS. 287 No. 337. On the arrival of Prince George Friderick Carl at Bay- reuth, on December 22 — soLstItIo brVMaLI optatVs prInCIpIs aDVentVs. = 1726 No. 354. The Augsburg Confession commemoration medal — DeIn gottLICh Wort VnD heLLes LICht, Lasz her beI\_ Vns aVsLosChen nICht. j ~ ^73° No. 375. On the marriage of the Margrave Frideric with the Prussian Princess Friderica Sophia Wilhelmina — frIDerICVs regIMen eXoptatoqVe aVspICatVr. = 1734 No. 381. Jubilee medal to commemorate the bringing to Paderborn the relics of St. Liborius, who was Bishop there about the year 397 — annVs eX qVo aDVenere sanCtI LIborII LIpsana non-\ _ gentesIMVs. J- - 1730 No. 422. A 200th anniversary medal of the Reformation, showing the princes who adopted the Augsburg Confession — ILLo Dante hoC fIrMante stabILIs erIt. = 1755 No. 423. The great earthquake at Lisbon, 'Tremenda terrarum con- cussio, H^C faCIes LISBON^ nobIs MIranDa.' = 1754 No. 426. On the marriage of the Crown Prince with the Princess of Parma — Hos LeCtos hyMenaeos paX Donata Coronet. = 1760 No. 431. Joseph II. elected Emperor on March 27 — IosephVs arChIDVX aVstrI^e reX gerManI^ eX Vno) VoTO CreatVs. /= ^764 Page 137. Altdorf University jubilee, iii. Cal. Jul. The first chrono- gram is the exact words of Virgil, ^n., ii. 141 — qVoD te per sVperos et ConsCIa nVMIna VerI. = 1723 IVbILa VnIVersItatIs aLtDorfInae CentenarIa prIMa. = 1723 And this verse from Ovidii jFas^., ii. 35 — qVoD Mare non noVIt, qV^ nesCIt arIona teLLVs? = 1723 Page 140. Medal on the Peace of Rastadt, March, 17 14, 'Janus a Marte mense Martio clausus,' and this chronogram adapted from Judges xiv. 14 — fortI DVLCe VenIt fortI MeL fortIs ab ore. = 17 14 A few of these medals may have been noticed in my former volumes, but, rather than break the series given by Reidner, I have extracted all from his book which are inscribed with chronograms. 288 UNIVERSITY MEDALS. UNIVERSITY MEDALS. 1645 AT page 317 of Chronograms Continued a chapter is devoted to the subject of universities on the Continent of Europe as repre- sented by chronograms. I have obtained further notes from a book, 'Die hohen und sciendern Scheulen Teutslandes ... in Muntzen,' etc. J Breslau, 1741, 4to., pp. 860, by J. C. Kundermann. There are twenty-eight finely-engraved plates of buildings and medals and coins. A few of the latter are dated by chronograms. At page 73 a half- thaler of Breslau is inscribed — pr^eMIa. bresLaeI. Caftans. CaeLata. senatVs. \ eXVLtans. sCoLICas. qVaere, IVVenta. VIas. / At page 83. A medal struck at Breslau to Charles VI. — Deo faVente CaroLVs IMperator fLoreat. = 171 1 coronat., 27 dec. EN bresLa, est CaroLVs taM raro DIgnVs honore. = 171 1 At page 297. There were grand doings at Lignitz on laying the foundation-stone of the university buildings. These dates occur among some other inscriptions — CaroLVs fratrIs Ioseph PRiEMATVRl fatI VInDeX Vota\_ repLet.i /" ^735 Josephus Primus, Monumentum ponere coepit, Perfecit Carolus sextus, uterque pius, etc.^ VIVat CaroLVs seXtVs IMperator \_ BAsIs LapIDe posIto. j '735 At page 537. This couplet was composed at the school of Bunslau, in Silesia, in honour of the principal, and is printed at the conclusion of a short memoir of him — ERGO posterItas hanVVaLdo ConsVLe gaVDe, \_ LaVte pI^ eXtrVXIt qVI tIbI teCta sChoL^. j~ '^oz At page 581. The year, month, and day of the foundation of a certain school in Silesia are thus marked — en noVa pIerI^ Dat pr^sVL teCta CohortI, \ anDreas LVC^ LVX VbI saCra nItet. /~ ^59° At page 647. Lindau University ; a foundation medal is dated — aCaDeMIa phILyrea^ IVbILat. = 1709 reCtore rIVIno MeDICIn^ professore. = Also a medal in honour of the rector, Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (at page 651)— forMet sors aeDes ConCors VrbI sIt IrIne. = 1709 fIt phILVres^ aVgVst qVIrIn rIVInVs In Vrbe reCtor,\_ fIt qVater et teMporIs orDo noVVs. j ~ '^09 ^ Alluding to the premature death of the Emperor Joseph I. by small-pox in April, 171 1, when he was succeeded by his brother Charles VI., who fulfilled the intentions of Joseph. ' Philyroea, the ancient or Latin name of Lindau. 1709 UNIVERSITY MEDALS. 289 - N/N/N/N/Vnu'W"V>/\/\/Ni- T682 At page 677. Wiirzburg University; a large jubilee medal — abIt annVs CentesIMVs fVnDatae VnIVersTtatIs herbIO _ poLensIs. / ~ At page 691. Altdorf University; a large jubilee medal contains three chronograms, two of which are literal quotations from the Roman poets, Virgil and Ovid, giving the date 1723 ! — qVod te per sVperos et ConsCIa nVMIna VerI. = 1723 (Virgil, ^n., ii. 141.) IVbILa VnIVersItatIs aLtDorffIna CentenarIa prIMa, = 1723 qVoD Mare non noVIt qV^ nesCIt arIona teLLVs. (Ovid.)= 1723 At page 693. Altdorf University, a klippe or square medal has this inscription on the reverse — geDaeChtnVs Des ersten IVbeLfests Der VnIVersItaet\ _ aLtorff. ]~ ^723 At page 706. A jubilee medal of Giessen University — anno seCVLarI aLMjr gIssen^e notanDo. = 1707 The work, of which I possess a copy, contains engravings of the reverse and obverse of at least 135 medals. A thaler of Osnaburg bears these inscriptions, 'Capitulum Cathedrale Osnabrugense sede vacante.' The device represents the sun rising towards the cathedral, and the stars disappearing in the increasing daylight, with this chronogram around, in the exact words of Isaiah Iviii. 10, Vulgate version — orIetVr In tenebrIs LVX tVa, et tenebr^, tV^ erVnt\ _ ^ q sICVt MerIDIes, IsaI^ 58. /" ^^9^ i.e. Then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness shall be as the noon-day. The Augsburg Confession in 1530. A jubilee commemorative medal was struck in 1730, inscribed — loH : frIDerICVs LIne.*; hohenLoh : neVensteInensTs\_ DeDIt et ereXIt pIIs. /" ^73° GOTT SEY geDanCket Der Vns seIg gIebt In ChrIsto VnD) _ offernbahret seIne Wahre erkantnVs. 2 Cor. ii. 14. /~ ^T3^ fIDeI pIetatI hVIC et fVtVro ^Vo saCrVM. = 1730 In aLLe LanDe gIeng Ihr sChaLL VnD In aLLe VVeLt\ _ Ihre Wort. Rom. x. 1?,. ]~ '53° Another jubilee medal of Augsburg, hexameter inscription — nVnC aVgVsta pIas LaVDes et IVbILa MIttIt. = 1730 37 XXVII. SOME MEMBERS OF THE IMPERIAL FAMILY OF GERMANY. MPERORS of Germany, as connected with chronograms, are extensively represented in my two former volumes ; what now follows in this chapter has come to light since those volumes were published. The virtues of Leopold William, Archduke of Austria, are related in a quarto volume of more than 300 pages of Latin,, entitled, ' Leopoldi Gulielmi archiducis Austrise princeps pace et bello inclyti, virtutes,' By Nicolaus Avancinus. Antwerp: Printed by Plantin, 1665. At the end of the volume is a large engraving of a ' castrum doloris ' erected in the church where his funeral ceremony was enacted, bearing at the foot this inscription, ' Leopoldus augustissimus Romanorum Imperator, Leopoldo archiduci patruo suo, xi. Decembris — CastrVM DoLorIs posVIt.' = 1662 Another engraving represents his body lying in state, bearing at the foot this inscription, ' Serenissimus archidux Leopoldus Guilielmus vigesimi Novembris — CoMpLeVIt dies sVos.' = 1662 These two are the only chronograms relating to him ; but at pages III, 112, is recorded a remarkable friendship between two Spaniards, Laurence and Francis John de Solis. The former was killed in battle at 'Capella' by a bullet, on August 3, 1650. Francis sought for his body among the slain, found and rushed to embrace it, but he died then and there on the spot. A monument was put up in a church (not clearly identified) to their memory, inscribed — LaVrentIVs et franCIsCVs hIC IaCent. VterqVe natIone hIspanVs, beLLator fortIs VterqVe. ILLe In CapeLL^ fossa gLobo perIIt; aLter aDstans, et soCIo fVnVs parans, PR^ trIstItIa sVbIto eXpIraVIt tertIa aVgVstI. — $»$ 1650 GERMAN EMPERORS. 291 A rare little book in my possession, small 8vo., pages 136, bears this title: ' Symmetria Juridico-Austriaca continens VIVa theMIDIs ET aVstrI^ osCVLa. Seu theses et hypotheses deductas ex utroque jure; nee non celebrioribus factis ac symbolis augustissimorum im- peratorum ex inclyta domo Austriaca. Authore Frederico Albermontio.' Printed at Bamberg, 1674. It relates to fourteen German Emperors of the Austrian family of Hapsburg, from Rudolph, in 1273, down to Leopold I., then reigning, at the date of the book. There is an engraved portrait of each, with his adopted 'symbol,' or emblematic device and motto, and an accompanying legal ' thesis,' with ' elucida- tions '; also a chronogram hexameter and pentameter couplet to each, making the year-date of his election as King of the Romans. The plan of the work is curious and the engravings are interesting ; but the chronograms possess but Httle interest apart from the context. The title-page, as above, has a chronogram of the date 1674 ; the last of the chronograms (on page 133) is perhaps the most intelligible of any, as being an aspiration that Leopold I., who began to reign in 1658, may continue to do so happily. The hope was well fulfilled, for he reigned for nearly half a century, until his death in 1705. I. Rudolph L stands at the commencement — Vera pIo pIetas offert noVa sCeptra rVDoLpho ; _ Vt REGES NORInT, REGNA DeCeRE BONOS. I ^^T^ 2. Albert L — ReX gentes pasCat ; non DepasCatVr iNlQVk ! ReX bonVs aLbertVs regna, tVenDo, regIt. 3. Frideric IIL — soLator terr^, pVLCher frIDerICe DabarIs : AT FERA SORS In TE TETRA FREQVeNTER ERAT. 4. Albert IL— regIs ConsILIVM, pars est non-parVa saLVtIs : ConsILIo aLbertI greX bene nIsVs erat. 5. Frideric V. — aVrea paX reLeVat popVLos : frIDerICVs In orbe VInDICat hanC nostro ; et regna beata tenet. 6. Maximilian I. — CVra thronI sVbJeCta tIbI est: CVr regna reCVses ? VIrtVteM proLes fers generosa patrIs. 7. Charles V.— VICtorI CaroLo Dant regna aC grata troph^a : at, se VInCenDo, prosperIora LeVat. 8. Ferdinand I. — More orbI InsoLIto, fato pr^erepta CapessIt In fratrIs CaroLI sCeptra reLICta throng. — 1298 1314 = 1438 = 1440 i486 1519 = 1558 292 GERMAN EMPERORS. 9. Maximilian 11. — respLenDet, post fata patrIs, Vernante tIarA: \_ , AT pater In NATO, POST sVa FATA, MaNET. J ^^ 3 ID. Rudolph II. — IrretIt, MagnosqVe probat patIentIa reges : )_ Vt TERRiE perhIbent regna, rVDoLphe, tVa. /~ 5 '5 11. Mathias — MathIas, TERRiE, pr^eCLara LVCe CorVsCans, ) ^ ^ est tItan, tenebras peLLere ab orbe potens. / ~ 12. Ferdinand II. — IMpIetas prostrata JaCet : fernanDVs ab aVstro \ _ , faVsta bonIs affert, prospera regna tenens. j ^ ^9 13. Ferdinand III. — JVstItIa et pIetate thronVM, pater aVree, fVnDas : i . ^ haC eXoptata prosperItate stetIt. / ~ ^ 14. Leopold I. — perII terras Le non obstante erebo : grata ferente poLo ! IMPERII TERRAS LeOPOLDe SERENE gVbERNA, \^ , - The series concludes with an address to ' the two most august luminaries of the imperial heaven,' Leopold and Claudia his wife, as comprised in the words of this programme and anagram — Progrmmna. Vide opus prselustre ! CceIuiti dedit par nobile. Anagramma. Leopoldus et Claudia diu super orbe imperent ! Epigramma. Fortior est virtus unita : hoc nobile compar Tungitur, ut Virtus floreat Orbe diu. LEOPOLD, LNFANT SON OF CHARLES VL. A PRETTILY engraved book illustration (?) represents an angel in mid-air, with a trumpet, and a ribbon on which is inscribed : 'UXOR TUA elizabetha pariet tibi filium. LUC: I.' Beneath is this chronogram — arChIDVCeM In aVstrIa parIet. / e. Thy wife Elizabeth shall bear thee a son. She shall bring forth an Archduke in Austria. LEOPOLD L AND THE EMPRESS MARGARET. 293 This relates to Elizabeth, wife of Charles VI., Emperor of Austria, etc. For seven years or more there had been an anxious wish for an heir to the throne, and the chronogram gives the date of the expectation as 1 7 14. Whatever may have been the foundation for the announcement made by the chronogram, the event came to nothing. It was not until April 13, 1 7 16, that the heir, the infant Leopold (the Second, as he was designated) was born ; he could not have been on his way until about the middle of 17 15. The inscriptions, however, may have a prophetic meaning applicable to him. He was the subject of many chrono- grams — see Chronograms, p. 151 ; and Chro?iograms Continued, p. 188 ; also consult the indexes to those volumes. The last event in the career of the infant was his death in November, 17 16. LEOPOLD L AND THE EMPRESS MARGARET. THE Emperor Leopold I. had three wives in succession, viz., Margaret Theresia, Claudia Felicitas, and Eleonora Madelene Theresia.^ The death of the Empress Margaret is commemorated in a curious and rare book, in my possession, bearing this title, and dated only by a chronogram of the author's name, etc., expressing 1673 : ' Prolusiones Chrono-Emblematicae in mortem Augustissimae Impera- tricis Margaretae, quas inter alias piorum Bohemorum^ lachrymas doloribus augustis sacris Caesareae regiaeque majestatis Leopoldi I. submississime consecravit — loANNES franCIsCVs ChrIstophorVs BARD A TALMbERG In CapeLLa regIa CastrI pragensIs PRyEPOSlxVs.' Printed at Prague, folio size, 36 pages. There is an engraved frontispiece representing an architectural facade of a doorway or window-space, with a pillar on either side ; in the centre is a picture of a winged figure standing in a four-horse chariot, holding a tablet inscribed ' Margareta '; the charioteer is a figure of Death. A scroll above is inscribed — EST DoLoR aVgVsto regI qVIa parCa trIVMphat, = Vos IgItVr LaChrIMas fVnDIte regna noVas. = Below are engraved the words of the title, with a repetition of the chronogram thereon. After the title-page there is a dedicatory address to the Emperor Leopold, followed by a large engraving 13 by 10^ inches in size, representing a horoscope of the Empress Margaret. In 1673 1673 1674 See Chronograms Continued, p. 162. Leopold was also hereditary King of Bohemia. 294 LEOPOLD L AND THE EMPRESS MARGARET 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- lO. II. 12. 13- place of any description, and because I have no knowledge of astrology, I give a facsimile of it on a reduced scale on the opposite page, and the following transcript of the chronograms therein, as they appear in the triangles numbered as follows — 2. honorabILe ConnVbIVM DabVnt sVperI. = 1673 rIsVs tVVs DoLore MIsCebItVr. = 1673 ZONA gLorI^ sVje pr^eCInXIt eaM DeVs. = 1673 transtVLIt te Creator VsqVe In paraDIsVM. = 1673 sCena VItm tYm erIt MIXta DoLore. = 1673 Dent sVperI soLatIVM aVgVsto C^sarI. = 1673 taCe, DVM egg LoqVor, qVIa perIIt a te fVga. = 1673 Lis MoTA EST aVgVst^ In qVa DeserItVr a C^sare. = 1673 MartIVs aVgVstvE spIrantes CLaVDIt habena. = 1673 gaVDIa VertantVr protInVs In LaChryMas. = 1673 rIgIDa fortVn^ tVrbarVnt C^sarIs aVLaM. = 1673 t^DIa tV In TiSDIs reX LeopoLDe LeVa. = 1673 At the four corners, on scrolls — ET IaM In Vere foLIa aVgVsta CaDVnt. = 1673 ^STAS. fLOS iESTATis TViE sVbItO MVtAtVr ET CaDIt. = 1673 A UTUMNUS. aVtVMnVs CiESARl ET nobIs generaVIt DoLores. = 1673 HYEMS. hyeMIs DoLoRlFERiE frVCtVs parIVnt fVnera. = 1673 At the summit are two imperial armorial shields, Austria and Bohemia. Beneath, in an oval shield, this chronogram — aVgVsto DoLorI totIVs orbIs saCrVM. = 1673 The horoscope is thus noticed : ' Introductio in figuram irregularis horoscopi et fataHs horizontis Augustissimae Imperatricis Margaritse. Siste gradum viator a.spice ^guram in qua omnia praeter Astronomorum regulam posita vides, fixce. nimirum stellce Fatalia ilia Sydera in mortem Augustissimse Imperatricis Margaritas unanimiter conspirarunt causam quseris ? in promptu est,' etc., etc. There are 13 engravings of a complex emblematical character, combined with chronograms. The text of the work, under the appella- tion of xxxix. ' senigmas,' is entirely in Latin. The plan, it seems, is to represent under the expression ' Annulus Doloris ' (a mourning ring), a. series of allegorical compositions and 'enigmas' in verse and other- wise, the extravagant grief of the Emperor's Bohemian subjects ; but as they are not associated immediately with chronograms, they need not be quoted here. The * mourning ring ' of great size, showing the absence of the pearl (Margarita) from the setting, appears in the first engraving with this inscription around the circle (the pearl is seen in the foreground) — EN annVLVM DoLorIs VnIVersaLIs. = 1673 The Empress Margaret's Horoscope. LEOPOLD L AND THE EMPRESS MARGARET. 297 In place of further description I give a reduced facsimile of the engrav- ing on page 299. The separate syllables of the above chronogram- words are used in the form of an acrostic printed on the back of the title-page, and the same syllables are in succession placed in large letters next to each of the engravings ; those syllables also commence the acrostic chronogram lines, which in some degree serve to interpret the emblematic engraving, where they again appear. The whole is very intricate, almost defying any attempt at description ; I pass on, there- fore, to the chronogram acrostic alluded to. Each line makes the date 1673 — Synopsis omnium Prolusionum. 13 tVa DIreMpta est VIta tVa CoronatVr. ^ LVs tVa VenIet a Deo et oMnIbVs sanCtIs I CLaVDIt JanVaM VIt^. z L proDest fVIsse VXoreM C^sarIs. > Mbra DeCLInans fVIt VIta tVa. ^ Vs ET gaVDIa Mea In LVCtV. ^ qVeLa et VIta DereLIqVerVnt IpsaM. Q MInVs erIt proteCtIo tVa et saLVs tVa. > en DeI ILLVstraVIt tenebras tVas. > BES LVCIDa obVMbraVIt eI. < IMa tVa sICVt passer erepta est De LaqVeo VenantIs. g se DoLorIs transfIgItVr Cor aVgVstVM. The following chronograms appear in the emblematic engravings. They are mostly hexameter and pentameter verses. Introductory emblem. (See the facsimile.) hVJVs LVstro VnICa Deest MargarIta. = 1673 en annVLVM DoLorIs VnIVersaLIs. = 1673 annVLVs esto nItens aLIIs aDaMante VeL aVro, = 1673 fVLgeat hVIC VnI MargarIs Vna Deest. = 1673 First emblem. ense DoLorIs transfIgItVr Cor aVgVstVM. = 1673 Cor ter aVgVstVM transfIgItVr ense DoLorIs, = 1673 proVenIt InDe tVIs reX LeopoLDe DoLor. = 1673 Second emblem. anIMa tVa sICVt passer erepta est De LaqVeo VenantIs. = 1673 soRTE CaDVnt qVI fata LVant sVb retIa MortIs, = 1673 tVtaMen eX LaqVeIs sCanDIs et astra petIs. = 1673 38 298 LEOPOLD L AND THE EMPRESS MARGARET. Third emblem. nVbes LVCIDa obVMbraVIt eI. - 1673 fVLgVra ne tIMeas DeVs Ipse tonItrVa peLLet, = 1673 aD CceLVM tVtIs passIbVs Ire qVeas. = 1673 Fourth emblem. LVMen DeI ILLVstraVIt tenebras tVas. = 1673 aVgVst.e LVCet Ipse DeVs In MortIs agone, = 1673 NON tIMeat tenebras LVX pIa ChrIstVs aDest. = 1673 Fifth emblem. DoMInVs erIt proteCtIo tVa et saLVs tVa. = 1673 CVI DeVs est pr^sens Morte saLVatVr In Ipsa, = 1673 seD CVI nVMen abest Is rVet In LaqVeos. = 1673 Sixth emblem. LoqVeLa et VIta parIter DereLIqVerVnt Me. = 1673 GRATA LoqVeLa fVgIt Mergor fataLIbVs VnDIs, = .673 eheV IaM perII reX LeopoLDe VaLe. = 1673 Seventh emblem. rIsVs et gaVDIa Mea In LVCtV. = 1673 aVgVstVs pLangIt gratI LeopoLDVs aMorIs, = 1673 fVnera tV LaChrIMas aVstrIa fVnDe pIas. = 1673 Eighth emblem. VMbra DeCLInans fVIt VIta tVa. = 1673 NON reDeVnt HORiE fVgIt IrreVoCabILe teMpVs, = 1673 CreDIte regIn^ qV^e VeLVt VMbra perIt. = 1673 Ninth emblem. nIL proDest fVIsse VXoreM C^esarIs. = 1673 Cor ferIt aVgVstVM teLo qVIa rIDet honores, = 1673 parCa nIhIL fatVVs MVnDVs honorIs habet. = 1673 Tenth emblem. Ver CLaVDIt JanVaM VIt^. = 1673 LiETA perIt MVnDI faCIes Ver fVnere Vernat, = 1673 aVgVstas VIoLas DenIqVe parCa MetIt. = 1673 Eleventh emblem. saLVs tVa VenIt a Deo et oMnIbVs sanCtIs. = 1673 qVos tIbI Dant sVperI LeopoLDe aVgVste DoLores, = 1673 FER qVIa post LVCtVs gaVDIa MIra feres. = 1673 Twelfth emblem. Lis tVa DIreMpta est VIta tVa CoronatVr. = 1673 Dant sVperI paLMas teXVnt tIbI Coronas, = 1673 JaM frVstra LaqVeos InVIDa parCa strVet. = 1673 There are fifty-six different chronograms in this book. It is a very remarkable book, and one rarely to be met with among antiquarian booksellers on the Continent, and perhaps never in England. It is a class of book not made for sale, but to be given away to the author's patrons and particular friends. I do not find a copy in the British Museum library. There is yet more to be said about this puzzling book. The Empress Margaret, Leopold's first wife, died on March 12, 1673. LEOPOLD 7. AND THE EMPRESS MARGARET. 301 Leopold married his cousin, Claudia Felicitas, on October 15, 1673, just seven months after the death of Margaret. The author of the ' Prolusiones,' Baron Talmberg, could hardly have finished his work before the news of Leopold's intended second marriage became known. Consequently, impelled as he was by the spirit of Court flattery, when condoling with the Emperor he superadded a moderate measure of congratulation ; hence the address to the Emperor which occupies the two pages which follow the title-page, so out of harmony with the melancholy subject. The leaf containing it seems to have been inserted after all the rest of the book was completely printed. The Baron (the author) expresses his congratulation with laboured verbiage, and introduces the following chronogram hexameter and pentameter verses alluding to Claudia as the source of Leopold's future happiness — regIa C^sareos ConCLVDIt CLaVDIa LVCtVs, = 1673 sic qVoqVe post MortIs nVbILa phoebVs aDest. = 1673 sat LaChrIMas habVIsse sat est noVa gaVDIa Vernant, = 1673 L^T^ aqVILas aqVIL/E JVngere sVaDet aMor. = 1673 Indeed, in the last page Claudia is alluded to as ' Sponsa nova,' and to Margaret a ' crown ' is supposed to be offered by an ' angel ' in these, the last words of the book — lo triumphe vicimus, O Margarita ; Veni coronam suscipe, banc mittit Deus : DeVICta Mors est, VIta LIberatVr tVa. = 1673 Claudia, however, brought Leopold but a short term of happiness ; she died on April 8, 1676. It is related that after this second bereavement Leopold was urged to take a third wife, because in the name ' Claudia ' was involved an express suggestion that he should do so. In this way : the letters claudia, when transposed, produce the words alia dug, 'marry another.' This intended anagram appears in better gram- matical form in the following epigram recorded in Zedler xvii. 296 — Quam primum Caesar duxisti Claudiam id ipsum Jam voluit nomen dicere dug aliam. The Emperor was as prompt in taking the advice offered as he was in marrying after the death of his first wife, for he married thirdly Eleonora Madelene Theresia on December 14, 1676, On his way home from the wedding he made, in 1677, the three chronograms given at page 23 of this volume. Leopold, as is well known, was a great lover of acrostics, anagrams, chronograms, epigrams, and such-like literary devices, and at different periods of his life made some very good ones.^ For example, when his second wife died he made the following simple and effective hexameter chronogram to be inscribed on her tomb — HiC IaCet CLaVDIa LeopoLDI C^sarIs ConIVnX. = 1676 ^ See pages 313 and 314, infra. 302 LEOPOLD /. AND JOSEPH L THE EMPERORS LEOPOLD L AND JOSEPH L A BOOK in the British Museum library (press-mark 10076, bbb), 4to., pages 547, entitled, ' Monumentum glorise seraphicae,' etc., by P. F. Franciscus Caccia, is devoted chiefly to events in the life and crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It commences, however, with addresses to the Emperors Leopold I. and Joseph I., composed in chronogram. The book was printed at Vienna in 1694 ; the authority to print it and all the chronograms mark the year 1692. The latter are 1 1 8 in number. The addresses to Leopold as Emperor of Germany, and to his son Joseph as King of Hungary, afterwards Emperor, allude to the chief events of their time — viz., the wars carried on against the Turks in Austria and Hungary, which ended in their defeat and expulsion from those territories. Some of the chronogram words and sentences are printed in italic letters ; they are so in the original, in order to give emphasis to complimentary phrases, historical events, or to words quoted from the Bible. The anagrams on the names of Leopold and Eleonora his wife, and their son Joseph, are neither new nor remarkable, but they serve as suggestions for the praises and flattery which immediately follow them. An immense amount of this sort of flattery was addressed to these Emperors, which doubtless was pleasing to them, and probably also served political purposes among their subjects (see my two volumes on Chronograms). Leopold died in 1705, and was succeeded by Joseph. The latter had become King of Hungary in 1687, when he was only nine years old (see page 309 infra). Elogium Chronologum ad Leopoldum L Romanum Imperatorem. pVLChro eX sepVLChro fLores, saCratIssIMoqVe eX saCrarIo speCIosa fero InsIgnIa, gViE aVgVst/e MaJestatI Vestr^e sVppLeX Defero pr^Lo AN PRiELIo (Ignoro) InsIgnIta. sepVLChrVM DeI nostrI a VetVstate non parVa Vernat VenVstate, qVoD fastV et astV VIoLare VIX poterIt InIMICa barbarIes. qVIa tIbI ANcVsTi: seD AVGVsxk JaCVIt hVManItas saLVatorIs. fVror pagan Vs In hoC eXpenDItVr soLVM esse VrbanVs, qVIa aras LatIn^ potIVs qVIM gr^C^ fIDeI JVre eXposVIt. orDo Iste jEqVItatIs erat, Vt saCra HitC a treCentIs oCtVagInta seX aC VLtra annIs orDo seraphICVs teneret, }■ 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 = 1692 LEOPOLD L AND JOSEPH L qV^e qVonDaM angeLI paCIs VIsI sVnt tVerI InsVper et tVtarI. franCIsCVs aLter In Carne spIrItVs proCLaMatVs sVb spIrItV angeLVs InCarnatVs angeLVs qVIppe habens In se sIgnVM DeI VIVI, spe aLatVs passIone pLagatVs paLestInas ^Des pro seDe sIbI et sVIs VenDICaVIt, qVIa bIs Ipsas VIsItaVIt. qV^e JaM qVantaqVe VIt^ perICVLa sInt eXpertI BONM fIDeI possessores sl taCeat tVrCI^ LVna/ CLarIVs ManIfestatVr In ConspeCtV soLIs nV/Vs.^ appLaVDIt ChrIstIanItas ! qV^ VeL passIonIs LoCo DoCta patI, sic assVeVIt VInCere patIentIa. JVVat asseCLas ChrIstI goLgoth^a sVb speCVLa PAxlENTliE IpsIVs Legere speCVLVM VIVa ChrIstIan^e VIrtVtIs eXeMpLa proDest IntVerI IntVerIs MoDo VVLtV aVgVsto Ca:sar aVgVste, hVJVs, Vt DIXI ORiE atqVe ar^ angVstIorI Insertas CaLaMo pagInas, genIta eXInDe aVstrI^ feLICItatIs oMIna eXpertVrVs. qVIs VnIVersIs e regIbVs fVtVrVs est pr^eLIIs MaJor LeopoLDo? CVJVs regnI thronVM IVstItIa fVnDat, sapIentIa eXaLtat, eXtrVIt pIetas Cons I LI VM regIt, InDVstrIa serVat et PR/ESErVaT. sVb CastrIs eX astrIs DoMInVs erIt aVXILIator eI. DeVs eXerCItVVM fortIs atqVe terrIbILIs Ipse pVgnabIt pro eo, ConsILIa gentIVM DIssIpabIt, eXpVgnans VbIqVe, oppVgnantes se. qVantas Is prIores pr^stItIt IMperatorI VICtorIas ! qVIa respeXIt aD oratIones pLebIs sV^, testarentVr LVX MerIDIana, nIsI eVICto sVb orIente aptIVs pateret. qV.e qVantaqVe MVtatIo DeXterm eXCeLsI ! qV^e LVCtVs In gaVDIa Vertere, trIstIa serenIs et prosperIs sVeVIt teMperare. pLVres sVpreMVs orbIs regnator VnIVersI DIsposVIt VICtorIas, qVas VeL posterIorI ^Vo MVnDVs VterqVe obstVpesCet. 303 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 ^ Allusion to the defeat of the Turks in Hungary. ' Of course this ' sun ' is Cwsar, the Emperor Leopold. 304 LEOPOLD L AND JOSEPH L GRAVIDA trIVMphIs seneCtVs IpsIVs VenVstIVs effLorebIt, renoVabItVr VtI aqVIL^ JVVentVs DIMICantIs. DIVInIora ConVerso e noMIne eXVrgVnt prIVILegIa. LeopoLDVs, Programma. Deo pVLLos. Anagramma. aVstrIa aqVILa CVI pVLI.os LItet saCretqVe nIsI soLI ? Deo VtIqVe, qVI ab ^qVItate nVnCVparI aMat soL JVsrlTlyE. MasCVLos, eosqVe bInos aVgVstVs reCenset, Vt neC herCVLes Contra possIt pr^eVaLere, soLa VIrtVs AVsTRliE pr^ebebIt DoCVMenta, qVa sInt eX orIgIne natI? VIDete et stVpete ! qV^e pro re nata eXponIt aVgVsi^e noMenCLatVra. eLeonora Programma^ EN EA oLoR^ Anagramma. CVr aVgVsta CVM aqVILa Cygn^Vs Is oLor^ CopVLatVs est? Vt bene ConVenIant, et In Vna seDe VehantVr gLorIa VIrtVtIs, et honor MaJestatIs LeopoLDVs, Programma^ Do pLVs Leo. Anagramma. eLeonora, Programjua, AN ERO Leo. Anagramma. eCCe parIa rVrsVs eXhIbentVr oraCVLa ! Leo reX Lemnm aCCVbabat^ et eCCe VtrInqVe eX fortI egress a est DVLCeDo, pIetatIs qVIppe, DeVotIonIs atqVe CLeMtI^ JVsTlTliE sIVe ^qVItatIs si De fortItVDIne qV^rItVr ? ea VeL In VngVe DIsCItVr : protrIVIt hostes VIrIbVs Leo sVIs In tIMore et fortItVDIne braChII sVL LeopoLDVs, Programma. soL DepLVo. Anagramma. eLeonora, Programma, EN ore aLo. Anagra?7ima. sIC qVIppe soL InfLVIt benefICVs In sVbLVnarIa, Vt nVtrIat Igne LVCenDo, LVCeat Igne nVtrIenDo, Vrat aCIe paLpItantVr et perVICaCes. LeopoLDVs feLIX aVstrI.« phcebVs sIne nVbe serenVs DIspergIt raDIos et Ignes. = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 )- )- )- \ = )- 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 = 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 ^ I.e., a. swan. The words Augustus and Augusta must be taken to mean the Emperor Leopold and his wife Eleanora. LEOPOLD I. AND JOSEPH L 305 Hos In hostes, ILLos In serVos, VtrosqVe aVgVsta \_ ^ NON eXILI pr^DItos MaJ estate. /~ ^ ^^ LeopoLDVs, Programnia, LaVDes poLo. Aiiagramma. eLeonora, Frogramma, , _ . aere noLo. Anagra?nma. [ ^ VLtra aerIs regIones VICtorI^ et eXVLtatIonIs TROPH.EA eLoCabIs, aVgVsta CVM aVgVsto aVgVsta LeVanDI In astra. = 1692 eXqVIsIerat Vates : 1 _ /; DO Mine qVJs habItabIt^ In tabernaCVLo tVo? j~ ^9^ qVI IngreDItVr sIne MaCVLa, atqVe operatVr \ _ , JVstItIas, Ipse habItabIt In astrIs : /~ ^ ^^ aVgVsta DoMVs aVstrI^ qVIa bIno sponsI sVI ) _ , CoLore est InVestIta, J ~ ^^^ Intrat sponsa DeI VenVsta absqVe n^Vo, ) _ , absqVe rVga, absqVe MaCVLa, /" ^"^2 IDeo et perennatVrI regnI sVI soLIVM VLtra \ _ . ^therIs nVbes eXaLtabIt. /~ ^ ^^ LeopoLDe aVgVste ! aCCIpe eX DIVInIorI ) _ . sepVLChrI LInteo oraCVLa : /" ^^^^ IntrabIs ser6 annIs seneX In VIrtVtIs \_ AB VnDantIa SEP VLChr VM I - 1 69 2 sICVt InfertVr aCerVVs trItIcI In teMpore sVo \ _ et soL ab oCCasV renasCItVr. /~ ^°92 seD Vt InsepVLta regnantIs et VbIqVe ) _ trIVMphantIs aqVIL^ tV/e gLorIa. /~ ^^^2 paL^estIno In tVMVLo perennIter JVgIterqVe breVI nIDVLetVr, VIrIbVs atqVe VIrIs rVRCICE LVn^^ protrIto VertICe Canas LeopoLDe {Anagr. o ! DepeLLo.) peLLe VICTOR ! CInge hostes tVrCICosqVe fInDe postes, !-= 1692 VI De, VInCe, JVgVLa. I aVstrIa festIVa pLaVDe | tantIs pLVs troph^eIs aVDe, V= 1692 DeVs regIt JVbILa. J Elogium chronologum secundum ad Romanorum regem Josephum I. JOSEPHE lo 1 InVICte et potentIssIMe reX I^ [•= 1692 DVpLeX es In Vno ; J qVIa VnVs In DVpLICI eXVrgIs regIa MaJ estate = 1692 ' See Psalm xiv., Vulgate version. 2 The Turkish forces and standards defeated and taken. ^ I.e., King of Hungary and of the Romans. 39 y= 1692 \— 1692 ) 3o6 LEOPOLD L AND JOSEPH I. qVeM DeVs eXCeLsVs sIbI VnXerat, ET In hvereDeM hVngarI^ qVInqVe abhInC annIs prIVs eXaLtaVIt, Is In roManI regnI seDILIa eXVLtante ORBE ET Vrbe te eXtVLIt : sic honorabItVr, qVeM reX DeVs VERk VVLt honorare aVgVst^-VInDeLICorVMI IosephVs I. FESxIVfe InthronIzatVr, CVr, qVIa Ipse erIt aVgVstVs, aLIqVanDo IMperII gVbernator, ET POTENS In pr^LIIs, VtI aVgVstVs pater eJVs, IMperII regna fortIter VInDICabIt, DVCIt appLaVsVM regI aVgVsta VrbsI aVgVsto, proInDe VnIVersVs etIaM eXVLtabIt orbIs ChrIstIanVs JosephVs Id reX totIVs est VnIVersI DeLICIVM. reX est aVgVsto LeopoLDe sVaVe VIt^ soLatIVM. FlLIVS aCCresCens Joseph Io reX Iste est AVoVSTiE PARENTIS eLeONOR^^ THERESI^E CorCVLVM. EST TEVtONI^E, HVNGARliE, aVsTRI^E, StIrI^E ET proInDe totIVs eVrop^ osCVLVM, fVtVrVs InsanIentIs hostIs LVnatI eXCIDIVM orIentaLIs port^ Ipso eX CarDIne qVasI eVers^e. eXItIVM VnIVersI hVJVs popVLI ChrIstIanI InsIgne In orbe pr^sIDIVM. VerVM sI pLVra forsItan eXpeCtatIs VIrtVtIs proDIgIa In hoC .eqVVs /ether VoLVIt VIDerI proDIgVs et proDIgIosVs. qVI VeLVtI sVa In DIsposItIone nVsqVaM faLLItVr ItA arDV^ VIrtVtI LVbens DIspensat DesponsatqVe CarIora honorIs XenIa. CiETERls DII oMnIa LaborIbVs, at Josepho qVoqVe faVorIbVs VehVnt. VIDetIs QViE Verso eX regIs noMIne InsIgnIa assVrgant oraCVLa ? IosephVs,* [Programma, eI soph Vs. Anagrafuma. granD^VI JVVentVs regIs nIhIL peCtore sapIt, nIsI sCIentIaM. Vt stVpeant antIqVIora IngenIorVM LyC^a sVper prVDentIa et res pons Is eJVs. 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 r / V Y- I =: } = J Y 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 ^ The city of Augsburg. ■■' Eleonora, wife of Leopold I., mother of Joseph, King of Hungaiy, etc. LEOPOLD L AND JOSEPH L 307 IosephVs, Frogramma, heV sopIs. Anagramma. ID InCLaMant qVasI sopItI, qVos eXpVgnat HOSTES. barbarI paganI, efferatI tYrC^e fraVDVLentP VrbIVM hVngarI^. InVasores, qVI et IpsI sVa CVM LVna JosephInIs sVb peDIbVs^ prosternentVr. IosephVs, Frogramma, VI hospes. Anagramma. Vt ConstantInopoLItano seDeas In IMperIo reX noVVs hospes VIrtVte tVa et fortItVDIne tVa Josephe feLIX IntenDe, Ita PROsPERk proCeDe et regna. proMIssIonIs patrIa Vt eX serVa fIat libera, tIbI serVatVr, TE DeCet habItatIo In sIon. aVDaX ILLe eX arIMathTa Joseph VLtro JntroIVIt, et eCCe aLter Iste ab aVstrIaCo sangVIne genItVs Joseph prIMVs aC feLIX IntroIbIt feLICIter. nIhIL obstat : LapIs reVoLVtVs est : e porta o DrysIa^ portVM pontes eX ponto Vis regIs obserabIt. IosephVs, Frogramma, hos spe VI. Anagramma. ConfIDe! sI pIetate aC ConstantIa, VI aC VIrIs SPSS Ita fVLCIta NON ConfVnDIt, MoX tVa gaVDebIt feLIX tVto anChora portV : qVIs VeL VspIaM speraVIt In Deo sVo, et ConeVsVs InterIIt? perICVLa qVIDeM patI JVstVs Joseph poterIt, AST sVb lis neqVIbIt InterIre, CVp ! qVIa tVtVs est totVs habItans sVb aDJVtorIo aLtIssIMI. reX VIrtVtVM DeVs eXCeLsI, fIrMabIt potentI VIrtVte eX aLto, qVoD operatVs est In Josepho ChrIsto sVo, reX est regnI eJVs res atqVe spes, sors atqVe Dos non InfIrMabItVr In Ipso et non fLeCtetVr. 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 = 1692 y 1692 1692 1692 1692 ^ An alleged breach of treaty by the Turks. ^ ' Luna sub pedibus ' are the words of Apocalypse xii. I, Vulgate version, here arrogantly applied to the defeat of the Turks, who bear the crescent (luna) in their standard. * Probably Dryopolis, = Eichstadt in Bavaria, an ancient fortress and cathedral city. 3o8 LEOPOLD L AND JOSEPH L qVIn In toto LaVDabItVr jeVo prInCIpatVs hVMerI eJVs. H;eC sVnt Vota DeVota, qV^e regI^ MaJestatI Vestry tota sVbInfert reLIgIo aVstrI^, qV^. nVDa peDIbUs, Vt VerItas CeLarI neqVeat, regIIs sese peDIbVs prosternIt, qVanDo seraphICa Interea VnIVersa reLIgIo FERVENXlSSlMfe VoVeT ET FAVeT, Vt oppVgnatIs noVIs etIaM regnIs In orIente DIssItIs noVVs orIarIs LVCIfer, Vt pro Deo et popVLo AVcVsxk regas, Vrbe et ORBE roMano-gr^Co breVI potItVrVs, Vt pro soLatIIs aVgVstI patrIs, aC aVgVst^ MatrIs annos VIDeas ^VIternos. qVoD ItA. ferVentIssIMo reLIgIone reVerentI^ affeCtV pife faVet et VoVet. Ita regaLI et C^sare^ MaJestatI totVs a peDIbVs, tVtVs sVb faVorIbVs pik optat, P. F. Franciscus Caccia Provincise Austrise Pater, et Terrae Sanctge Commissarius Generalis per totum Romanum Imperium. 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 1692 JOSEPH /, EMPEROR. JOSEPH, the son of the Emperor Leopold I., was born on July 26, 1678. He was crowned as Prince Hereditary of Hungary on December 19, 1687, and as King of the Romans on January 6, 1690. He was married in 1699; university honours were conferred on him in 1702; he came to the imperial throne in 1705, and died on April 17, 171 1. These and other events in his career were marked by many hundreds of chronograms, as set forth in my former volumes {^Chronograms^ pp. 389, 402, and Chronogratfis Continued, p. 169).^ The above date, 1690, is further marked by a couplet at page 81 of a tract in the British Museum library (press-mark 604. h. 27. — 2), 'Austria S. R. Imperii conjux,' by C. L. Thucelius (a pseudonym for Christian Leonard Leucht), Augspurg, 1690, foho — aVgVstte, aVgVsto pro rege eLeCtVs Joseph \_ aVgVsto Ipse Deo pr^erIt IMperIo. /~ i.e. At Augsburg Joseph is elected as the august viceroy ; he through the august God will preside over the empire. 1690 ^ Consult also the indexes of the volumes quoted. FRANCIS I., EMPEROR. 309 Here a play on the word ' august,' thrice introduced, is lost in trans- lation. The Latin appellation of Augsburg, Augustae Vindelicorum, was in frequent use. h= 1745 FRANCIS I., EMPEROR. FRANCIS, Grand Duke of Tuscany, the consort of the Empress Maria Theresia, became Emperor of Germany, etc., as Francis I. in 1745. He is treated with extravagant laudation in a tract in the British Museum library — press-mark 11409. h. 32 (4) — with a full title- page commencing thus — CceLVM orbIs teVtonICI eXCeLLentI rVrsVs LVCe sVa nItesCens quando Augustissimus . . . Franciscus Stephanus Hiero- solymse rex magnus Hetrurise dux , . . [was on Sep- tember 13 elected Emperor King of the Romans]. Printed at Mayence (Mainz) ; no date in figures. On the back of the title-page the dedication to him, concluding with this logogryph-chrono- gram date : Anno quo franCIsC PR soL teVto orb nIt 1 Vs IMVs NE In e ebat. \= 1745 pLaVs ConC fax pLe LVC VIg J There are forty folio pages filled with various kinds of Latin verse, which is the vehicle for a great number of fanciful compositions in praise of the triad, Francis, Theresia, Joseph, the first two being the parents of the last one, who became Emperor in his turn. The reader of the tract has to toil through an intricate series of magic squares, anagrams, chronograms, and cabala, with occasional engraved repre- sentations of the imperial eagle, sceptre, orb, Charlemagne's crown, a zodiac and sword, the emblems of imperial dignity ; a flight of young eagles led by the old bird; and, lastly, by 'Pentametrum canis' (a dog) holding a wheel, the armorial badge of Mainz. The engraved devices are inscribed all over with puzzUng words and compliment. The whole is accompanied by a great number of chronograms of the date 1745, which, for their abundance and special application to the other devices mentioned, would be devoid of interest if separately transcribed. So intricate and varied is the whole, that the author, suspicious of errors, appends these words at the foot of the last page : ' Menda, quae nimium properanti fors irrepserunt ; Benevolus lector sua pexteritate emendare non gravabitur.* 3IO- FRANCIS II., EMPEROR. FRANCIS IL, EMPEROR. FRANCIS II., Emperor of Germany, son of the Emperor Leopold II., came to the throne in 1792 — a very critical period, which witnessed the French Revolution, the rise into power of Napoleon I., and the dissolution of the German Empire, a thousand years old. Francis, foreseeing the latter event, declared himself heredi- tary Emperor (instead of King) of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary, in 1804. Subsequent events drove him to declare war against France, and to join the Allies, with whom he entered Paris in 1 8 14. To this potentate belongs what is narrated in a German work of great rarity, as I understand, bearing this title : ' Denkbuch fiir Furst und Vaterland. Heraus gegeben von Joseph Rossi, Wiener Magistrats- Beamten;' Vienna, 1814, 4to, pp. 170, with 23 large engravings of triumphal arches and decorative structures erected in that city when the Emperor, Francis I. of Austria, and the troops returned in 1814 after the campaigns against Napoleon I. Many of the inscriptions on these temporary decorations were in Latin, others in German, Hebrew, and Greek; 76 of them composed as chronograms of the year are preserved in this work. A picture of the Duke of WelHngton was thus inscribed — Der In spanIen geprIesene MarsChaLL VVeLLIngton = 1804 Lebe Lange VnD hoCh ! LIbe VoM konIge 1st seIn Lohn. = 18 14 The Emperor himself had nearly all the rest, such as the following examples — franCIsCT, IMperatorIs, et regIs nostrI ] pIa, Deo faVente, CongressIo reI 1= 1814 prospers presaga. j franCIsCo trIVMphatorI reDVCI. = 1814 franCIsCe victor VIennaM reDIs. = 1814 IMperatorI C^sarI franCIsCo ] paCIs post Longa beLLa restItVt^. [= 18 14 ConCILIatorI. ) franCIsCo prIMo paCIs eVrop^e ) _ fVnDatorL /" ^^^4 franCIsCo I. orbI Data paCe aD sVos \_ „ reDeVntI. j " ^^^^ franCIsCVs I. paCeM orbI DonaVIt. = 1814 VICTOR ET MVnDI \_ „ paCIfICator. /" '^^'^ LEOPOLD /., EMPEROR 3'i LEOPOLD /., EMPEROR. CONTINUING the subject of chronograms made by the Emperor Leopold I., the following examples and remarks fall into a place in this chapter more appropriately than into any other in this volume. The important event in Hungarian history — the siege and capture of Buda — gave rise to many a chronogram, some of which claim the Emperor as their author. For being able to record those which now follow, I am indebted to the chance inspection of a manuscript on 54 pages of folio-size paper, contemporaneous with dates mentioned therein. The contents are mostly in German, with a little in French and scraps of Latin, the latter being chronogrammatic, and they consist principally of poHtical matters, copies of letters, and military directions from Vienna connected with the war in Hungary, and especially with the operations carried on around Buda and other towns in 1686 and 1687. Buda having been in the possession of the Turks since 1541, was retaken by the imperial forces, under the Duke of Lorraine, on September 2, 1686. A document, dated September 5, 1686, relating thereto concludes thus — Die 2^^° Septembris, 1686. Buda Capta. Potentia Ottomanica Jnjecta frena, Hseresis conclamata, Hungaria subacta, Non miraris : et miraculi Authorem non cernis ? Tres sunt LEOPOLDUS IMPERATOR INVENT MAXIMIL: EMANUEL B A VARUS ET CAROLUS LOTHARINGUS FECIT ANNO bVDa faVent1bV6 sVperIs. aLtera septeMbrIs reCVperata ET hostIbVs orIentIs EREPTA. .= 1686 ■***• 312 LEOPOLD L, EMPEROR. The next relates also to the recapture of Buda — Buda expugnata. Budensem Bavarus Victor, jam coeperat Arcem ; Post Urbis Victor, Dux Lotharingus erat ; lUe Caput coepit, Capitis turn membra subegit Alter : Die utri gloria parta minor ? Gloria si Budae fuit Arx, tibi gloria Boie : Gloria, si fuit urbs. Dux Lotharinge tua ; Coepit uter Locum, Laurus debetur utrinque Divisam Laurum, cum Jove Caesar habe. C^sarIs aVstrICIIs De tVrCIs bVDa reCepta est. [= 1686 PROFERAT In reLIqVos hostes VICtrICIa sIgna. L^TA Cano LeopoLDe tVIs nVnC sVbDIta pLantIs \ _ hongarI/E reCVbat gLorIa, VICtor oVa ! / " bVDa feroX partIs s^pe ereptIsqVe troph^Is, \ _ Carta, DeDIt LabarIs terga sVperba tVIs, J ~" CoNsILI HoC opVs est ! Confert InDVstrIa LaVros ! eXCeLLens pIetas pLVra troph^a DabIt. ) = 1686 1686 1686 Nine epigrams in Latin, relating to the recapture of Buda, not chronogrammatic, conclude with this allusion to the Emperor Leopold L — anno qVo, a LeopoLDo aVgVsto et pIo hVngarI^ rege) _ ,j.^ bVDa regnI seDes LIbertatI est restItVta. /"" ■***■ The next, from the same manuscript, is by the Emperor Leopold I., as may be understood from the expression in the intro- ductory words by the compiler of the manuscript, * ab ipsomet augustissimo.' It relates to the death of Nicolas Avancinus, the Swiss Jesuit, Professor of Philosophy and author : ' Ex Literis P. Siminsky, Vienna, 2 Januarii, 1687. Adjungo chronographa ab ipsomet Augino concinnata, et a me, ex ipso autographo descripta.' nICoLaUs aVanCInVs e soCIetate IesU ] assIstens gerManI^ In festo sanCtI nICoLaI I = 1686 obIt LUgete. j heU MUSiE DoLete! Vester phcebUs aVanCInUs \_ ,j,^ obtenebratUs est. /~ ^ nICoLaUs aVanCInUs Inter pr.eCLaros 1 _ ,js^ ELoQllENTliE prInCIpes ConnUMeratUs. J~ ^ MortUo nUper nICoLae aVanCIno en ] seqUItUr CaroLUs a noyeLLe, soCIetatIs y= 1686 generaLIs. j i686 1686 1686 LEOPOLD L, EMPEROR. 313 The next is Irom the same manuscript ; it is also in print on a broadsheet, which the compiler of the MS. may have copied. It relates to the capture of Buda, and consists of passages ' imitated ' from the Book of Psalms (Vulgate version), as being applicable to that fortunate event, by the Emperor's ' most humble servant,' who signs his name at the end. It commences with this title and dedication — Imitatio chronographica Regi Psalmistae, in triumphum civitatis Budae secunda Septembris stricto ense Turcis ereptae. Dicata augustissimis Leopoldo et Eleonorse. I. Psalm ci. 18. DeVs respeXIt In oratIones serVI, neC) _ spreVIt hVMILes. / " II. Psalm ci. 19. sCrIbantVr h^C, In generatIone aLtera,^ _ et popVLVs, qVI CreabItVr : Deo LaVDes ConCInet. J " III. Psalm ci. 23. In ConVenIenDo popVLos In VnVM, et) REGES servient VerItatI. j "' IV. Psalm ci. 16. et tIMebVnt gentes te DeVs, et prInCIpes\_ ^^^ soLI, reVerebVntVr VIas tonantIs. / "" V. Psalm cxxix. 7. qVIa apVD cVM {sic) CopIosa saLVs, paX,1 ,0/- et benIgnItas In terrIs. / " VI. Psalm cxxix. 8. et Ipse L^Tk reDeMIt IsraeL, eX~I VnIVersIs LangVorIbVs. / trIaDI ergo et genItrICI seMpIternVs honor ; \ _ .^. angeLo Vero, VoVentes VoVete. /~ ^ Ab humillimo servo Joanne Francisco Fontana S.C.M.M. V.V. Musico. It is related that Leopold, in the year 1705, the last of his life, composed some good and pathetic chronograms on the death and for the tomb of his friend, the great preacher, Marcus de Aviano, of the Order of St. Francis, at whose death-bed the Emperor and his wife were both present. As an example of what Leopold composed on this occasion, I find the following epitaph in Zedler (xvii. 350) — patrI MakCo ab aVIano CapVCIno \ g ConCIonatorI eVangeLICIs VIrtVtIbVs eXornato /~ ^ ^^ VIenn/e aVstrI^ In oCVLo DoMInI sVI 1 ^^ sVaVIter eXpIrantI J ^^ LeopoLDVs aVgVstVs, aVgVsta sVa, 1 . fILIIqVe MoestI posVere. / ^^ 40 1686 314 LEOPOLD L—THE SIEGE OF VIENNA. At page 132 of Chronograms mention is made of three composed by the Emperor and his wife Eleonora at the monastery of Gottwich, on their way home to Vienna, shortly after their marriage. LEOPOLD L.—THE SLEGE OF VLENNA. VIENNA has been twice besieged by the Turks — viz., in 1529 and 1683. On or some time after the first-named date the Turks occupied Vienna, and placed on the tower of St. Stephen's Church their own emblem or standard, the crescent. On the latter occasion the city was on the point of being taken by storm, when John Sobieski, King of Poland, came to its rehef. In commemoration of this happy event, the citizens of Vienna removed the crescent from the church, and set up in its place the cross which is represented in the accom- panying illustration. It is a facsimile, on a reduced scale, of a rare engraving in my possession, showing the two sides of this cross. The inscriptions in Latin and German on the engraving state that by the command of the Emperor Leopold I. the cross was put up on the tower of St, Stephen's Church in place of the crescent (Luna) taken down, on the festival^ of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in 1686, in memory of the deliverance from the siege in 1683. That the cross is made of beaten copper, by Hans Adam Posch, citizen and court coppersmith at Vienna, that the inscriptions thereon were done by John Martin Lerch, engraver, and that it was gilded by means of fire- process by Emanuel Bauhof, citizen and goldsmith. That on the appointed day, September 14, the several persons whose names are mentioned, set up this ' beautiful sign of victory ' in place of the crescent taken down on July 15. The account so far given concludes with this hexameter and pentameter chronogram — In sIgno hoC VInCes LeopoLDe o C^sar ! et eCCe \ _ LVna et steLLa IaCent tVrCICa, CrVX satIs est. /~ i.e. Thou shalt conquer through this sign, O Emperor Leopold. Lo ! the Turkish crescent and star are down, the cross sufficient. It is also stated that the height of the cross above the support or pole, 'stingel,' is more than two Vienna ells, and the weight, together with the ' stingel,' is iiii pfund ; the English equivalents may be taken as over six feet high and four and a quarter pounds in weight. - The inscriptions down the stem or shaft of the cross state that the crescent was put aside and the cross exalted on the day when Buda 1686 ^ See Butler's ' Lives of Saints,' September 14. " The weight seems hardly enough for a copper cross of six feet high and its supporting socket. The old Vienna ell is 3of English inches, and the pfund is 8638 English grains. The English pound is 7000 grains. ting y/tfj6ti- a^rexJitnigtnS^uf^ 6^ 6 ncpgon an «<£'■• «in^ ^a£Laia&r,n>ufif fund >cm YtLn^cX ambJenfThnedbis RB ftjinJ iu.nt»4 jeftfrtt St^riflttw to lc|V« BeletuUtCivitctcm \ujae c^tr«. Tii«*j Anno MDC UOOOD XKcdlenUutmuj Doni^u-uj Imextuj ILudtger Come4 i. it^xtH - vie-itn* Lxlcn1j11nM4.1xU.to C*i,AiKo.tt Ciu'«.IIlujtTi('.>Mnt *c tUvereit. diUniuD™uiuI,e.ipi)ldi C»miti4 iKollcmitickEinjcOlM I*-« = ntfUI,l^oiMidl!•: .,.. t.VCl, "VICt» .•.,Vt CoiuVXcJlMone&tuliuiiiSCKVuurX^bnilLIuIa itluCLIto i>wilV OVltuIi"Vl»m.3ub &arKu^miU^3l>VU)larUn^TC^t^ciu)(et.itb/ nnirkt u »Jn. Kmimutit 'JJan^B^ ' ?>urger eSiil>|cliTOti utt. uij)«Lbifo f<^nt 1r,e(/^i4*" •" *«» *t^' "w " 6tn.->J cyviy *«-V ^mtJ b«n.««88<-'««K™«»-6«*»- In3lgiu>hoC VlnCtj LeopoLDe o C«*«.r'e* eCC« ■ I " LEOPOLD L—THE SIEGE OF VIENNA. 317 was taken by the Christians from the Turks ; also that Vienna was besieged on July 14, 1683, and liberated on September 12, in the reign of the Emperor Leopold. Also that at the mark NB on the ' stingel ' the following chronograms are engraved — LVNiE LoCo AB aVgVsto C^sare LeopoLDo sIgno CrVCIs] VICXiE atqVe eX tVrrI sanCtI stephanI 15 I VLII posIt^e I = 1686 CrVX Ista ereCta et eXaLtata est. j ConsVLe sIMone stephano sChVester ConsILIarIo et\_ ,j., InCLIto senatV CIVItatIs VIennensIs. /~ ^^^ Having finished the subject of the engraving, let us see what may be briefly gathered from history. The discontented Hungarians had broken out in rebellion against the Austrian rule, and the Sultan of Turkey was preparing a most formidable force in their support, Leo- pold, foreseeing the storm that would break upon Germany, demanded the assistance of the princes of the empire, and concluded an alliance, offensive and defensive, with John Sobieski, King of Poland. Leopold abandoned his capital and retired, together with his court and a large portion of the inhabitants, to various places for personal safety. The Turks, having invested the town of Vienna, proceeded with the siege operations until, towards the expiration of two months, Sobieski arrived with a large force and by rapid marches. The Turks were defeated in the battle which ensued with great slaughter. They abandoned the siege with the utmost precipitation, leaving behind them their tents, artillery, baggage, and even the famous standard of Mahomet.^ Leopold re- turned to Vienna, and received as slight a welcome as his people dared give him. The mihtary success was followed up, and many battles were fought in which the Turks were continually defeated, and the fortress of Buda was captured from the Turks in 1686 as the crowning success of the war. The people of Vienna had indeed reason to be thankful for these events, which have been made the subject of a great number of chronograms. After the great service rendered to Leopold by Sobieski, the latter received but meagre thanks from the Emperor, who met his deliverer with the coldest formality at a review of the troops on the field of battle ; Leopold was unable to overcome the sense of his own social rank and the restraints of court etiquette so as to settle how he, a crowned emperor and hereditary sovereign, should meet an elected monarch. A poor, mean spirit to exhibit towards him who had defeated the Turks and saved the house of Austria. ^ Sobieski rode away from the field in disgust, leaving his chancellor to represent him at the review. The cross which has suggested this digression is no longer to be seen where it had been put up in 1686. The tower of St. Stephen's ^ Which was afterwards sent as a present to the Pope. * Apart from this weakness, the character of Leopold was admirable as a ruler in difficult times, and in conduct in domestic life. On both sides, see the ' History of the House of Austria,' by W. Coxe, chapters Ixvi. and Ixxi. 3i8 LEOPOLD L—THE SIEGE OF VIENNA. church, having become insecure, was twice pulled down, and in i860 the present fineto wer with the lofty spire was built. A large recent photograph of the building shows the spire and two smaller ones, but there is no indication of a cross on either. It is to be hoped that such a memorial of historical events is still carefully preserved at Vienna. .^^if. Leopold must have made an early acquaintance with chronograms. He was born in 1640, and at the age of eleven years a book was printed and dedicated to him as Archduke of Austria in 165 1, wherein are displayed chronograms, and a great variety of puzzling devotional poetry and verses in Latin, which one cannot now suppose would be interesting to a mere boy, whatever may be his position, taste or training. The author, by the first ten pages, conveys great flattery to him who was to be the future emperor. One remark is to this effect : •Infinite praise is offered by anagram and acrostic' The book in question is described with full extracts in Chronograms Continued, page 505. The title commences ' APOLLiNis spiritualis oraculum,' lay Jacobus Pochet. Printed at Brussels 1651, 8°, pages numbered up to 366. A copy of this rare book is in my possession. A repetition of the dedicatory chronograms to Leopold is all that need be given here — ESSE tVIs VERfc sIDVs LeopoLDe pVtarIs, \^ - aVt phcebVs parens, eXorIensqVe DIes. / ^ ^° eXorerIs sIDVs patriae soL gratVs, ab ortV \ _ , sVpra nos Mentes eXILHre tVo. j ~ ^5° XXVIII. THE EMPEROR CHARLES VI. ^^^^^^ HE coronation of the Emperor of Germany, Charles VI., at Frankfurt on the Maine, and the state ceremonials observed on the occasion, are represented by engravings and described in a folio volume with a verbose title, somewhat as follows : ' VoUstandiges Diarium, alles dessen Was vor, in und nach denen hochstansehnlichsten Wahl-und Cronungs solennitaeten des AUer Durchlauchtigsten Grossmachtigsten und Unliberwindlichsten Fiirsten und Herrn, Herrn Caroli des VI. . . . etc. Frankfurt am Mayn . . . T712.' The history of the period leading up to this date is very intricate ; the immediate features, however, may be thus briefly dealt with. Charles I., King of Spain, and of Austrian lineage, became Emperor of Germany in 1519 as Charles V. Charles II., the fourth King of Spain in succession from him, died childless ; he was the last of the Austrian line. Through the influence of court intrigues, he by his will nominated Philip, Duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV. of France to be his successor, who accordingly ascended the Spanish throne in 1700. The crown of Spain was, however, claimed for the kinsman of the late king, the Charles now under our con- sideration ; indeed, he was known by his partizans as Charles III. This gave rise to the War of the Spanish Succession, in which England and most of the other European powers took a part, lasting for thirteen years. Meanwhile Joseph I., Emperor of Germany, died in 1711 ; consequently, and through the turn of other events, Charles, his brother, peaceably succeeded him, having given up his claims to the crown of Spain ; he ascended the Austrian throne, and was elected and crowned Emperor, as Charles VI. of Germany. The formalities observed on the occasion are related in the volume before us. Some of the events in his career are alluded to in a set of twenty-four chrono- grams, which are printed towards the end of the volume in bold type, each accompanied by a brief commentary somewhat obscure to the modern reader, but sufficiently suggestive to persons who lived to witness the events. A copy of the volume may be seen in the British Museum library. The chronograms bear this brief introduction : 'Appendix chronodistichoram,^ quibus casus ^ The following chronograms are not printed in the original as verses, although Ihey are so designated in this introductory sentence. Here they appear really as hexameter and pentameter couplets. 320 CHARLES VI. maxime memorabiles viiae augustissimi imperatoris Caroli Sexti ante coir scensum thronum imperialem insigniti.' Carolus Austriacus, filius Leopoldi imperatoris et Eleonoras Magda- lenae Theresise, natae Princip. Elector. Palatinae natus 1685. i. Octob. HoC ANNO natVs CaroLVs qVI LVCeat orbI \^ ^gg soL spLenDens totI pr^sIDIoqVe CLVat ! J Carolus II. Rex Hispaniarum ultimus ex stirpe Hispana Austriaca decessit 1700. i Novemb. aVstrIaCI CaroLI neCe tVnC qVasI paLLVIt orbIs "1 ^ ^ ^^ MarsqVe parentaVIt sangVIne et Igne trVCI ! / ' Quaestio de authore et validitate testamenti Caroli II. Regis His- paniarum defuncti summopere ubique agitata. 1701. De testaMentI tVnC aVthore atqVe VaLore 1 ^ hIspanI Vero qV^stIo VbIqVe fVIt. J ' Philippus dux Andegavensis,^ Ludovici Delphini Gallici filius, Ludovici XIV. regis nepos, Caroli II. regis Hispan. testamento haeres dictus 1702, in Hispaniam se magna cum militum manu contulit. en stItIt hIspano se regno keX LVDoVICI |_ ^ Ipse nepos et DVX anDegaVensIs^ oVans. / Carolus Austriacus e stirpe Germana, ramo Hispano extincto, ad occupanda regna ista legitime ipsi delata 1704 eo tendit, et postquam diu ventis adversis in Belgio et Anglia detentus, posteaque pelagi tem- pestatibus vehementer jactatus fuerat, tandem 6 Martii feliciter Lisa- bonse appulit. hIspanas petIIt IVstVs reX CaroLVs oras \_ tVM fIsVs gentIs IVstItI^e atqVe Deo. j ' "* In itinere Rex Carolus naves quasdam ex classe, qua vehebatur Anglicana, fluctibus marinis absorberi, ipse eidem periculo expositus, imperterritus vidit. raptas horrIsonIs qVas naVeIs ^qVorIs VnDIs \_ VIDIt reX perDI CaroLVs Ipse sVas. / '^ Rex Carolus sponsam Infantem Lusitanam Lisabonae se incolumem reperturum sperans, spe sua frustratus cum ipso adventante 16 Mart, ilia jam 16 Feb. diem obierit. eXpeCtans sponsVM feLIX regIna fVtVka )_ aDVentante Ipso fVnere rapta fVIt. /" ' ^ Confoederati, quibus rex Lusitaniae Petrus'^ se addixerat, per Lusi- taniam in Castiliam 1704 irruptionem fecere. petrVs Vt aD CceLos CLaVeIs aD VIsCera regnI \_ hIspanI CLaVeIs petrVs^ hIC eXhIbVIt. /" ' "^ ^ The Duke of Anjou. - Peter II., King of Portugal. CHARLES VI. 321 1706. Carolus Austriacus Madriti^ Rex Hispanise solenniter pro- clamatus. bVrbonIo^ eCCe IVgo Lassata hIspanIa CLaMat VIVat reX teVto CaroLVs aVstrIaCVs. 1= 1706 Rex Carolus, licet 1706 ante obsidionem urbis Barcinonensis^ ab intimius ipsi addictis anxie sollicitatus fuerit, ut alio se conferret, minime tamen moreni iis gerere voluit, sed firmus ad finem usque obsidionis in urbe permansit, omnibusque se ipsum periculis expo- nendo, aliorum animos firmavit. tVnC barCeLona obsessa reX MILLe perICLIs eXposItVs CaroLVs pressVs In Vrbe fVIt. \= 1706 During the war which ensued Barcelona was besieged by Charles, when an eclipse of the sun occurred ; this was regarded as a bad omen for the King of France, whose emblem was a shining sun.* Ipso die, quo obsidio Barcinonensis soluta, horrida apparuit ecclypsis Solaris, (a) Rex Gallise, cui emblema Sol attribui solet. en obsCVratVs soL VerVs MoXqVe refVLsIt NON TERR^ Is fICtVs {o) sIC CIto CLarVs erIt. \= 1706 171 1. 17 April. Imperator Josephus satis concessit.-^ InVICtVs C/ksar IosephVs fVnere pr^CoX \_ aVstrIaCVs LVCtV ConDIDIt ossa sVa. /~ ^'" Carolus defuncti imperatoris Josephi frater, Imperator Romanorum electus Francofurti 12 Octob., 17 n, cum jam quinque imperatores nomen Caroli gesserint, Sextus vocandus. {b) Carolus per anagramma sol cura. qVInqVe habVIt CaroLos CVra {U) gerManIa soLes \ _ par nVnC aVstrIaCVs seXtVs In orbe CLVIt, /~ ^'^' Other omens drawn from celestial conditions affecting the sun as it appears to the inhabitants of the earth, were regarded as favourable to Charles ; even his name, as we see in the foregoing chronogram, is shown by anagram to be fortunate. But more presently on this point. He stands in the next chronogram as Charles VI., the Emperor, and Charles III., King of Spain. Carolus sextus, qu^ Caesar ; tertius, quk rex Hispaniarum. qVI CaroLVs seXtVs C/esar CaroLVsqVe VoCatVr \^ tertIVs hIspanIs MagnVs hIC aLter erIt. j '^ Coronatio noviter electi imperatoris Caroli sexti celebrata Franco- furti 171 1, 22 Dec. ipso tempore solstitii brumalis, quo sol cursum ^ Madrid. ^ The French or Bourbon yoke. ^ Barcelona. * The nativity of Louis XIV. is figured on a medal struck in France, by a rising sun, the King is placed in the chariot of that orb, which is drawn by four horses guided by Victory ; the inscription is ' Ortus Solis Gallici' — ' Septembris quinto minutis 38 ante meridiem 1638.' ^ The satisfactory death of the Emperor Joseph prepared the way for peace. 41 32 2 CHARLES VI. septentrionem versus deflexit, tracto ex eo bono omine, quod at sol Gallicus^ ipsi cessurus sit. soL CaroLo Vt seXto VerVs CessIsse VIDetVr 1 gaLLVs fICtItIVsI soL qVoqVe CeDet eI. / '''' Eodem die duplici imperator corona ornatus, aurea imperiali Francofurti et Laurea^ in Hispania ob liberatam ab obsidione arcem Cardonensem,^ et fugatos hostes Gallos. tVnC CaroLVs CiESAR VIsVs fVLsIsse Corona 1 atqVe hIspana sIMVL LaVrea LVXIt eI. j i?" Omen Francofurti ex retrogrado a vero Sole die coronationis arrepto cursu ceptum, vere evenisse deprehensum, ctim eodem quoque die Gain, quorum regis emblema Sol esse solet, adventantibus copiis Csesareis fugam arripuerint in Hispania. seXto VtI soL VerVs CaroLo CessIsse VIDetVr \_ soL fICtVsI gaLLVs CeDere VIsVs eI. j- H" Cum pars regni Neapolitani hactenus Carolo Austriaco, pars Philippo Burbonio adhaeserit, quamprimum copiae C^sarese in regnum 1707 ingressse, integrum illud Carolo se submisit, sola Gaetta^ resistere ausa vi capta et direptione castigata. aVstrIaCVs CaroLVs reX IVre neapoLIs aVDIt \_ AST oCCLVsiT eI VaLLa gaetta^ DIV. j ~ ^'°' In Hispania tam in confiniis Lusitaniae quam in Arragonia, Cata- lonia et Valentia res Caroli regis 1707, infeliciter gestae, et clades insignis copiis ejus incussa magnusque terrarum tractus sub Ducis Andegavensis imperium redactus eo ipso tempore, quo integrum regnum Neapolitanum Carolo se submisit. aVstrIaC^ aDVersVs fortVn^ hIspanIa In Ipsa \_ AT feLIX eXtra septIMVs annVs erat. j ~ DIgno Vt eg thaLaMo perpetVetVr ea. 1707 1708. Insulae maris Mediterranei, Sardinia et Minorca, urbsque Celebris Flandriae Insulas^ dicta, sub Caroli III. regis Hispaniarum potestatem redactae. Capta Vrbs CLara Isto CeLebresqVe DV^ InsVL^e In anno\ _ reX CaroLVs feLIX InDe In Ip.erIa oVat. /~ ^'°' Elisabetha Christina, filia Ludovici Rudolphi principis Brunsvig- Guelpherbytani et Christinas Ludovicae natae principis Oetingensis, nata 1691, 28 Augusti. NATA bono aVstrIaC^ gentIs brVnsVIgIa VIsa 1= 1691 ^ The King of France. - Places besieged in Spain. ^ The fortress of Gaeta, near Naples. * The city of Lille. CHARLES VI. 323 Nupta Carolo III. Regi Hispanise 1708, i Augusti. qVa gIbeLLInP generentVr reDDIta ConIVX "\ tVnC CaroLo aVstrIaCo fILIa gVeLpha feraX. / "^ ^7o8 Bambergge 1707, i Junii, catholicam religionem est amplexa, post- que Viennae 1708, 23 Aprilis, matrimonium benedictione sacerdotali confirmatum, et Barcelonse postquam eo concesserat i. Augusti con- summatum est, MoX GNATA agnoVIt brVnsVIgIa ConIVgIs aras "I aVstrIaCI CaroLI tVnCqVe seCVta foCos. j = ^7o» The last chronogram of all gives the year of his peaceful possession of the throne as emperor. aVspICIo en annVs ter feLIX C^sarI Is eXtet ) _ CaroLVs aVgVsto CLarIor VsqVe MICet ! }~ ^^12 * The Archduke Charles of Austria strongly excited the attention of Europe in the reign of Queen Anne, who, in common with other sovereigns of the Continent, endeavoured to preserve the balance of power, which for many years prevented the shameful state of degrada- tion we have witnessed by the accomplishment of those projects which Louis XIV. commenced, and France has recently {i.e , in 181 1) com- pleted. Louis, by placing a branch of his own family on the throne of Spain, calculated upon the complete control of the military power of that country. England, Austria, and the principal part of the German circles, Holland, etc., dreading the preponderance of France, thought themselves more secure in attempting to obtain the crown of Spain for the Archduke Charles ; accordingly the Emperor (Leopold I.) made a formal renunciation of the Spanish dominions to that prince ; and the States General, in conjunction with England, sent a fleet to Portugal and Spain to ascertain if the people of the latter were inclined to accept the new monarch. On September 12,1 703, the Emperor caused the Archduke to be proclaimed King of Spain at Vienna, by the title of Charles III., and it was concerted by the allies that he should pro- ceed through Holland, England, and Portugal to the place of his destination. The circumstances gave rise to a vast quantity of political comment, among which appeared this chronogram ' — CaroLVs tertIVs reX hIspanI^e eX IMperatorIs neCnon hVngarI^ \= 1703 regIs LIberaLI CessIone regnI IVra aCCepIt. The foregoing is extracted from ' Miscellaneous Anecdotes of the ^ Alluding to the factions of Guelphs and Ghibellines in Italy ; of whom the former were attached to the papal and the latter to the imperial rulers. 324 CHARLES VI . History of Europe,' etc., by J. P. Malcolm, F.S.A., i8ir, page 295. Connected with these events is a printed broadsheet (in my possession) which shows in the centre a full-length portrait figure dressed in half- armour representing Charles III., King of Spain, trampling on the will of Charles II. of Spain. On either side are verses in Flemish and French describing his entry into Madrid on June 27, 1706. Charles II, had nominated the Duke of Anjou as his successor, hence arose the ' War of Succession,' which terminated in favour of this Charles, and he in 171 1 was elected Emperor of Germany as Charles VI., having given up his claims to the Spanish crown. Over the portrait is this hexameter chronogram — rIte tenes 6 sCeptra potes gaLLosqVe DoMare. = 1706 i.e. Ah, thou dost justly hold the sceptre, and thou art also able to subdue the French. For many centuries Hungary (the ancient Pannonia) was in a dis- turbed state under the rule of sovereigns who gained the throne in various ways — the right of succession, the fortune of war, external intrigues, etc. — until the country fell under the influence of the House of Austria. In 1540 Ferdinand, then King of Bohemia, became the sole ruler as King of Hungary, and in 1558 he was elected Emperor of Germany. After him the line of succession of kings of Hungary re- mained undisturbed. On the death of the Emperor Joseph I., his brother, as we have seen, was crowned at Frankfurt as Emperor Charles VI. in 17 11, and at Presburg as King of Hungary in 17 12. He was inordinately praised by chronograms both in print and on medals struck in commemoration of events in his reign, as may be seen in my two former volumes on chronograms. I have recently obtained two tracts of great rarity (at least in England), intended to glorify Charles VI. as King of Hungary ; both are in Latin, and for the most part in chronogram, composed in a style of allegory and flattery which almost defies description ; nothing short of a reprint of every page would adequately represent them ; but as each tract consists of twelve folio pages a few extracts must suffice. We have seen how Charles was glorified by Hkening him to the radiant Sun ; what now follows seems to reach the utmost height of solar flattery. The first tract is a greeting to Charles on his coronation at Presburg as King of Hungary. The author's name, etc., appears at the end thus, ' Compos, per P. Her- man Schmauch, Ord. Erem. S. P. August. Leukse ad S. S. Nicholaos.' Alluding to his Spanish origin and his succession to the Austrian dominions. The tract commences with this title — CHARLES VI. 325 stVpenDa soLIs MIraCVLa ! = 17 12 CVnCtIs anIMaDVersa = 17 12 In MoDerno orbIs soLe CaroLo seXto, = 171 2 AB oCCIDente VersVs orIenteM, = 171 2 De hIspanIIs In hVngarIaM profICIsCente. = 171 2 [Printed at Vienna by Christopher Lercher, printer to the University, 1712.] The dedication follows, thus — DeDICatIo DVobVs saCrata = 1712 MIranDo soLI CaroLo seXto, = 1712 et statIbVs pannonICIs, eCCLesIastICo neMpe, aC poLItICo;= 1712 Coron.« fratrVM In ChrIsto aDVnat^, = 1712 patrIbVs patrI^, posonII aD CoronatIoneM regIs Congre-1 gatIs. /= ^712 noVVM aCCIDIt = 1 7 12 eCCe natYr^e proDIgIVM ! = 17 12 naM phcebVs orItVr ab oCCIDente, = 1712 MVnDI nostrI soL CaroLVs = 17 12 eX hesperIa pannonIaM ACCiiDENS. = 17 12 CeLebranD/E hVngarI^ regnVM orIentaLe, = 17 12 hesperIa aVteM sVb oCCIDente est, = 17 12 Ita ab oCCIDente In orIenteM VenIt Iste neo-tItan. = 17 12 heV aD oCCasVM IosephI ! = 1712 oMnIa CorDa tenebrIs obsCVrabantVr ! = 171 2 ILLo eXtInCto Mceror aDerat, = 17 12 pLanCtVsqVe Magn^ DesoLatIonIs. = 17 12 DefVnCto Iosepho soLeM fLebat hVngarIa = 1712 ILLVCIDVM, = 1712 Deerat, qVI ConsoLarI VaLeret eaM. = 1712 naM LVgVbrI ConDoLentIa = 1712 oMnIgen.e anterIorIs L^tItI^ obLIVIsCenDo, = 17 12 CVnCta nobIsMet gaVDIa, = 17 12 oCCasIones gaVDIorVM, = 1712 aC JVCVnDItateM = 1712 sVCCIDIMVs. = 1 7 12 AST nobIs tanDeM CLaret post nVbILa phcebVs. = 171 2 soLANDiE NEO-soL hVngarI^qVe MICat! = 171 2 aDVenIt McerorIs soLator CaroLVs, = 17 12 soL LVCIDVs raDIanDo. - 171 2 qVI regnIs pannonICIs seMper aDsIt, pr^esIt aC prosIt ! = 17 12 In DIes CresCat In se, et a se orIVnDIs raDIIs. = 1712 MVLtIpLICanDVs. = 17 12 Vos aVteM aDhortor patres ConsCrIptI, = 171 2 JVDICes CiETERORVM ! = 1 7 12 aD hVnC phcebVM respICItote, = 17 12 hVnC obseqVIoso CorDIs aMore = 1712 plk Venerantes CIrCVMDate; = 17 12 326 CHARLES VI. si enIM sic A sVbDItIs hIC tItan = 1712 CIrCVMDabItVr, = 1 71 2 Ipse etIaM ConsIDerabIt, qVo paCto sIt In pannonIa \_ frVCtIfICanDVM. j~ ^'^ DVM VobIs Ista ConseCro, = 1712 CaroLVMqVe ChronographICe et ChronostICe CeLebro. = 17 12 MoNSTRABO CorVsCantes eJVs raDIos, = 1712 aC eorVnDeM InsIgnes effeCtVs. = 1712 LVbentIssIMVs DeCLarabo. = 17 12 The following attempt at translation of the title and of the entire dedication will serve to elucidate this singular piece of chronogram- matic literature. The allegory of the Sun prevails throughout, com- bined with the date 17 12. Stupendous Solar Miracles perceived by everybody in the new Sun of the world, Charles VI., approaching from the west towards the east, from Spain into Hungary. — A dedication consecrated to the twain existence the wonderful Sun Charles VI., and the Pannonian States both ecclesias- tical and political ; to the united crown of the brothers in Christ, and to the fathers of the country assembled at the coronation of the King at Presburg. — lo / a new prodigy of nature comes to pass / Phoebus rises from the west, Charles the Sun of our zvorld approaches Pannonia out of Spain. The kingdom of Hungary about to be honoured is in the east, Spain is away to the west, thus this new Sun comes from the west to the east. Alas, at the death of Joseph all hearts were darkened ! Hhen he was extinguished grief reigned, and the 77iourning of our great desolation. When Joseph died, Hungary bemoajied the darkened Sun ; he who could console her ivas absent [the rest of the sentence expresses a further depth of grief which would appear absurd if turned into English\ But at length the Sun dispels the clouds. The new Sun of consoled^ Hungary now shines ! Charles comes as the comforter^ of grief , a Sun full of bright radiance. May he always be with us, to preside over and benefit the Hungarian kingdom I May he daily iticrease, and be augmented by his own radiancy I But I exhort you, O conscript fathers, you who are the judges of other me7i ! look ivellto this Sun, support him with devoted love from the heart, and surround him with affectio7i ; if, indeed, this Sun be thus supported by his subjects, he himself will shozv by what 77iea7is Hun- gary is to be 77iade prosperous. While I thus impress these things on you I celebrate Charles chro7iog7'aphically and chro7iologically, I ivill show to you his sparkling rays, and with extre77ie pleasure will declare the re- markable effects of them. The substance of the tract consists of ' epigrams,' which are called * Six Sunny Rays corresponding numerically to the august name of the Sixth Charles ;' they are preceded by texts, exact words taken from the Vulgate version of the Bible, and are remarkable as chronograms, making the year 1712. The 'epigrams' themselves are also chrono- ^ The Latin word is Solandus, and for ' comforter ' the word is Solator ; in each the play on the word Sol is evident, but not so plain when turned into English. CHARLES VI. 327 grams of that year, and all highly complimentary to Charles, and illustrative of certain events in his career. These compositions are followed by twelve others of similar construction, six of them designated as the Rays of Phoebus propitious to Charles and six propitious to his subjects ; all are highly flattering to Charles, and are chronograms of the year 171 2. In conclusion, a double cabala of the year 17 12 makes the same date. The total number of chronograms is 120, The author's name, etc., appears at the end thus : ' Compos, per. P. Herman. Schmauch : Ord. Erem. S. P. August. Leukae ad S.S. Nicolaos.' Further extracts would be unsatisfactory for the reason already given ; moreover, the limits of the pages of the present volume would be exceeded by a full transcript. The tract concludes with a cabala in hexameter and pentameter verse composed in words of extravagant flattery. A key to its interpretation will be found at pages 197 and 247 anfe. The author thus introduces it — ' Tandem pro felici coronide, Neo-coronatique Regis sui faustissima inauguratione, ut vovet, ita auguratur atris mcerorum nubibus fugam, Carolino Soli perennes radios, Tibique ex viso ejusdem splendore Regali laetissima deinceps tempora prosecutura, profuturaque Epiphone- mate hoc gemino chronocabalistico acclamans universa Hungaria. sis raDIans ! ATRAS reMoVe soL CaroLe nVbes ! = 17 12 189. 225. 272. 370. 160. 159. 337. VISVS ET hIC SPLenDoR TEMpORA L^TA FERET. = 17 12 589. 105. 20. 349. 326. 127. 196.' Observe the ingenuity of this cabala ; according to the method of an ordinary chronogram, each line makes 1712. Also by adding together the totals of the words written underneath them, each letter having a numerical value according to the key, each line also makes thereby 1712. The lines, too, are composed according to the rigid rules of Latin versification. The next tract (folio, pp. 12) was also printed at Vienna; it is a greeting to Charles VI. as King of Hungary on his victories at Belgrade, Temesvar, Buda-Pesth, etc., over the Turks, when they were finally expelled from Hungary, It is composed in the same style as the fore- going one, the substance being in chronogram of the year 17 16. Allusions to the Sun and to the Crown point to Charles ; the * epigrams ' in hexameter and pentameter verse relate to him and his military leaders, and to the victories ; the accompanying quotations from the Bible are happily chosen ; all this is in chronogram. A description of them would possibly be tedious to the reader ; a full reprint of the 328 ^ CHARLES VI. whole twelve pages would alone satisfy. A few extracts must suflRce ; the title is as follows — gaVDIosa DIVIn^ beneDICtIonIs Corona, = 1716 MaVortIo CaroLo seXto DeLata = 1716 AB InVICtIs DoMInI beLLatorIbVs = 17 16 annI MILLenI, septIngentenI, seXDeCenI. = 17 16 PRO IstIVs annI faVstIssIMa Corona, et CoronIDe ^- 17 16 Lemma Prodromum. beneDICes (per hVngarIaM) Corona annI benIgnItatIs tV^. = 1716 Psalm Ixiv. i 2 (Vulgate version). Epigramma Chroiwdistichon. EST annI nostrI beneDICta Corona benign^:, \^ ^ ^ haC raDIans CLARfe, CaroLe VICtor oVas. / ' Here ends the title ; the subject commences with a prologue to the Emperor-King of Hungary, alluding to his conquest of the Turks — breVIs proLogVs aD CaroLVM = 1716 Deo LargItore eXCeLsVM = 1716 InDeVICt^ ChrIstIanItatIs propVgnatoreM, = 17 16 s^eVIqVe tVrC^ DebeLLatoreM. = 17 16 P'LaVDe CaroLe seXte IMperator ! = 17 16 Vt feLICes appLaVDaMVs = 17 16 barbarVs tVrCa paCeM, et fceDVs fregIt, = 17 16 DVCentIes MILLe spahIs,^ et IanItzerIs fretVs;^ = 17 16 CVM eVgenIo^ beLLare aVDebat, = 17 16 In prInCIpIo se VICtoreM non DVbItans, = 17 16 CiEsVs tanDeM, et VICtVs, = 17 16 CentIes prope MILLenIs pVgnatorIbVs perDItIs = 17 16 spoLIIs DItaVIt strenVos MILItes C^sareos. = 17 16 Ita non prInCIpIVM, seD fInIs Coronat opVs. = 1716 VbI aqVIL^, IbIDeM Corpora hostILIa, = 1716 qVoD et CoaCtVs sentIt othoMannVs.^ = 17 16 DeVs benIgnItate sVa beneDICIt, et DIspertIt Coronas, = 17 16 pIIsqVe MonarChIs Insperatas Donans VICtorIas, = 17 16 DeMonstrat JVsto nIL esse InVInCIbILe. = 17 16 eDIsserant aLta teMesVar^ propVgnaCVLa, = 17 16 oMnIgeno neCessarIo obsIDIonIs apparatV InstrVCta, = 17 16 pLVrIMIs TVpCiE pr/esIDIarHs repLeta, = 1716 aDeoqVe oLIM InVInCIbILIa, = 17 16 Vt freqV enter oppVgnata, neC taMen DebeLLata sInt. = 17 16 ^ The Turkish soldiers and janissaries. ^ The Turks had broken the treaty of Karlowitz made in 1697, agreeing to a truce for twenty-five years. * Prince Eugene of Savoy. ^ The Turkish General. ^ Temesvar, the town and battle-field. CHARLES VI. 329 DoneC post Centenos JaM, seXagenos et qVaternos annos. = 1716 aVstrIaC^ DoMInatIonI se sVbJeCerInt. = 17 16 taLIter DVpLeX Corona^ te Manet, = 17 16 aCIeI petroVaraDInensIs,2 et teMesVar InterCeptI : = 1716 VtraqVe spLenDet CVM gLorIa ! = 1716 VtrIVsqVe spLenDores ego reCoLaM. = 17 16 VersVqVe ChronostICo DeMonstrabo. = 17 16 Then follow the twenty-four epigrams, all in hexameter and penta- meter chronogram verse, all relating to the campaigns in Hungary. On the last page there is a quintuple cabala relating to the victories in Hungary, constructed on the same method as that described at page 327 an^e, but it is not composed in the same metre. It is designated as the twenty-fifth epigram, and bears this introduction — pro CoronIDe^ CoronaM eXornatVra, prosopopeIa teMesVarInI se a C^sar^Is CapI gaVDentIs^ hoCCe Metro terentIano-qVIntVpLICI \ ChronoCabaLIstICo. j ' Vah teMesVar arDeo, et CorrVens CapIor ! 209. 511. 140. 105. 548. 203. o DesoLans eVgenIVs, ConsoLatVr taMen ! 50. 300. 556. 634. 176. naM Ita De Igne et CInere phcenIX enasCor 71. no. 9. 61. 105. 142. 472. 269. REGNIs PANNONliE. 231. 246. DVrabo, et Maneo iETERNA CaroLo seXto gLorIa, 337. 105. 126. 232. 204. 545. 167. tVrC^ rabIes, ChrIstI gregI spes pr^sIDIVM. = 17 16 389. 187. 299. 108. 245. 488. fInaLIter hIs responDens eVgenIVs, et ^ _ DeInCeps gLorIosa sponDet, /~ sVCCInCtIssIMo natVraLI ChronoCabaLIstICo. = Epigramma ultimum. eVgenIVs tot ego tVrCas arCtabo, DoMabo, = 556. 250. 62. 474. 237. 137. qVot DoMVI gaLLos ; beLLa sVperna patro ! = 420. 293. 188. 48. 476. 291. The author's name appears at the end, slightly varying from the pre- ceding tract, thus : ' Obtulit P. Hermannus Schmauchler, Ord. Erem. S. P. August. Residentise Quinque-Ecclesiensis Vicarius. Decem- 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 1716 ^ The crown of Austria and Hungary. 2 The fortress of Peterwardein, where, on August 5, 1716, Prince Eugene defeated the Turks, thus chastising them for violating the Treaty of Karlowitz. ' The point of this word is lost in translation, the next word alliterates with it ; literally it is a flourish which transcribers were accustomed to make at the end of a work or chapter. It may also be what printers call a tailpiece. 42 330 CHARLES VII. bris die 31.' The place here mentioned is known as Fiinf kitchen (or in Hungarian Pecs), the capital of the province of Baranys. The total number of chronograms in this tract is 125. Both tracts are very rare ; I do not know of the existence of any other copies than those in my possession, though others do exist in some foreign libraries. ON the death of Charles VL, in 1740, the male line of the Haps- burg dynasty became extinct, and his daughter, the Arch- duchess Maria Theresa, succeeded by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction obtained by him in 17 13, which regulated the succession of the family of Austria by declaring that in default of male issue, his eldest daughter should be heiress of all the Austrian dominions, and her children after her. She had married, in 1736, Francis of Lorraine, Duke of Tuscany. In due course she became Queen of Hungary,^ and took possession of Bohemia and some provinces of Austria, and of the Netherlands, and received the homage of the States of Austria at Vienna. Other claimants and pretenders to those territories came forward in opposition to her, the chief one being Charles Albert, Duke of Bavaria. He con- tested the succession to the Austrian hereditary dominions, and was elected Emperor of Germany under the title of Charles VH. The consequence of these disputes was an almost general European war, which was carried on with varying results, and was not finally terminated until 1748. Meanwhile, Charles VII. died in 1745, and under certain treaties Maria Theresa agreed to recognise the imperial dignity as having been vested in the person of Charles VII., whose son, on being made secure of Bavaria, renounced the Austrian suc- cession, and consented to guarantee the Pragmatic Sanction ; by treaty also her husband became emperor under the title of Francis I., and their son in due course succeeded to the throne in 1765 as Emperor Joseph II. This epitome is offered in the hope of clearing up the sequence of intricate events in which our chronograms are concerned. Now, re- turning to Charles VII., and to the narrower limits of our present research, I find in the library of the Rev. W. Begley a rare chrono- gram matic tract (folio, pp. 24), being a Lamentation on the funeral of this sovereign, praising his character and applauding the conclusion of peace between Austria and Bavaria. The short reign of Charles VII. is alluded to in chronogram No. 3, and his death on his birthday in No. 6, of those quoted on page 332 infra. ^ See the next chapter at page 336. CHARLES VII. The title-page, entirely chronogrammatic and boldly printed, is as follows — 331 MortIs AVcVsTiE restInCta FAX, patrI^ sVspIrantI reDVCta paX ILLa Lesso In fVnere CaroLI septIMI CiESARlS, H^C pLaVsV In VnIone aVstrI^, atqVe baVarI^ CeLebrata. ^ ^ * serenIssIMo baVarI^ eLeCtorI aVthore Deo aVthorI qVIetIs VtroqVe patrI^ patrI obtVLIt VranIVs VILIgVnD^-VILLanVs MVsophILVs. (Printed at Augsburg.) = 1745 1745 }= 1745 1745 There is no date in figures on the title-page, nor anywhere in the tract. The chronograms mark the date 1745. The subject com- mences thus — LessVs ChronographICVs CaroLI septIMI CiESARls \= 1745 eXeqVIIs fLebILI rItV Cant AT Vs. And it is carried on in thirty-two sections, consisting of scattered sentences composed in Latin verse, with metrical translations in German, followed by a * paraphrase ' and a metrical chronogram. I extract only the chronograms, although they lose something of their meaning by the absence of the text. fortIs, pIVs, prVDens IVstVs, fVnVs CIto fIt aVgVstVs. REGES IpsI eXtIngVVntVr : Lege MortIs, VI sternVntVr, LVDIt In hVManIs festIna potentIa rebVs, fLorIgeras sVbIta VIoLans rVbIgIne LaVros. 1-= 1745 1745 )= 332 CHARLES VII. = 1745 J }= 1745 1745 1745 1745 }= J745 }= 1745 3. trIbVs annIs, aVgVste regnastI : PER aCerba, et faVsta pVgnastI. tIbI LVstra spoponDerat sors : Bolo fLentI te sVbrIpIt Mors. 4. VenIt, Vt eMIgret pastor, qVIa fata tVLerVnt, In nIDo eXoptans ossa LoCare sVo. 5. MerCVrIVs soLIo te protVLIt, atqVe sepVLCro eX terra In CceLos, CaroLe, L^tVs abI ! 6. Ipsa DIes, qV^ nataLIs, tIbI C^sar, est fataLIs. VnVs eXstat noMInIs testIs, atqVe fVnerIs. 7. IanVa fIt IanVs, qVanDo renoVaVerat annVM, CaroLe te rapIens, restItVensqVe poLo. 8. CaroLe, VIXIstI patrI^, neC paVCa tVLIstI. IaM sIne fIne qVIes eCCe Coronat opVs. 9. VnIo regna tegIt, foVet obserVantIa LegVM : ILLa IVbar regI popVLos DabIt Ista qVIetI. VnIone gentes LIgas sanCtIs strIgens LegIbVs : sVbDItos VIrtVte rIgas, fIsqVe norMa regIbVs. Ista ne troph^ea fIgas. qV^ VoVebas serIVs, pIas parCa VertIt bIgas MeDIIs In CVrsIbVs. 10. In fIDe, fortItVDIne, In stVDIo IVstItI^ LVX orbIs tV es, CaroLe. J It is explained that Charles VII. instituted the military order of St. George, and gave to it a badge with the motto, ' In fide, justitia, et fortitudine.' In fIDe VIXIt : ] In IVstItIa VICIt \= 1745 In fortItVDIne DIsCessIt. 11. beLLona ereCtVM neqVIIt ConfIgere peCtVs : ConfIXIt teLIs nVnC LIbItIna sVIs. e terrIs C^sar fVgIt InVItante sebasto, 1 qVI MIssVs boIo est obVIVs Ire DVCL /~ Sed cur in festo S. Sebastiani, qui sanitatis est prseses ? intellige. aVgVstVs gr^Co bene proDIt ab ore sebastVs. ) ^ aVgVstI h^C obItVs DebVIt esse DIes. j~ It is explained that 2e/3ao-Tos means Augustus, and 'EefSaa-rrj the wife of Caesar. = 1745 1745 1745 12. aVrato regnI, o InsIgnIs CaroLe, poMo InfIXIt Dentes trVX LIbItIna sVos. }= 1745 1745 1745 1745 CHARLES VII. 333 Alluding to the golden orb, one of the emblems of sovereignty, called in German heraldry the apple or 'pomum.' 13. ILLaqVeata bICeps roM>e est VIX retIbVs aLes, \_ CLaVsIt te LaqVeo, CaroLe parCa sVo. /~ Alluding to the imperial two-headed eagle of German heraldry. 14. fortIs BolARliE, CceLosqVe, nIVesqVe LaCessens, \_ CanDIDVs atratVr, CqerVLeVsqVe CoLor. ]~ Alluding to the colours of the Bavarian heraldic shield, white and blue. 15. te CeLebrat McenVs, CeLebrat te, CaroLe, rhenVs : \_ IsTHER TE CoLVIt : fLens Isara pLanXIt, et VnXIt. I ~ Alluding to the German rivers Main, Rhine, Danube, and Isar. J }= }= 1745 1745 1745 1745 1745 16. septIMVs es CaroLVs : non obVenI:re tot annI, nestoreos DIgnVs fVeras qVI VIVere soLes. 17. pLora, ne Cesses: fLetVM fortVna reLIqVIt. eVVLsa est oCVLI CLara pVpILLa tVI. 18. prVDentIa pLatonIs, et sVaDa CICeronIs, CaroLVs qVa CLarVIt, }■= 1745 abIIt : parCa boIIs sVstVLIt. 19. qVanta VIrI fortItVDo sILens aIt ^grItVDo. fortIs est, qVI patItVr, neC DoLore frangItVr. 20. InfraCtVs Certas DVpLICata, CaroLe, DeXtra. CVr? et VICInos protegIs, atqVe tVos. 21. Cernere te, sVperare fVIt, CVM, CaroLe, pVgnas : \ VICtoresqVe aCVIt CeLeres pr^esentIa tVrnL / Here the last two words are referred to Virgil {^^neid,' ix. 73). 22. orba CrVCe sVa LVCe pLorat orDo InCLVtVs. gens eqVestrIs It peDestrIs, fraCta pr^ LangVorIbVs. 23. aLbertVs sapIens aLter, pIVs aLter obIVIt \_ aLbertI In seXtI DorMIt VterqVe fIbrIs. /~ A note explains, ' Albertus V. obiit 1 5 7 9. Carolus erat Albertus VI. His name was Charles Albert. 24. fLete nIL posthaC sVperest pVsILLTs : ^ Ite Mce rentes popVLI, patrIsqVe CiESARls trIstI recreate fLetV fLebILe fVnVs. 25. pVgnaX paLLaDI^ ConCeDat LaVrVs oLIV^ : NGN seCVra aLIter boIa sCIt esse saLVs. 26. si negarVnt beLLI Castra sVaVes neXVs oLe^, Conferent sVCCensIs astra PRECIbVs AMALIiE. 1745 1745 1745 1745 1745 1745 1745 1745 334 CHARLES VII. 29. 30- 31- 32. Interea nVMen sVppLeX aVgVsta rogabIt, ) ^ Vt reDeant regnIs s^eCLa prIora sVIs. j The first alludes to the Empress Amalia ; the second also refers to her as 'Augusta.' See note to No. 11. 27. Ite pIe fLentes, aD Ioseph Ite DoLentes. eXCIpIt Is sVaVI sVbDIta Vota sInV. A note refers ' Ite ad Joseph ' to Genesis xli. 55. 28. NGN Ita CoLCh^as CVpIebat naVIta Lanas, BoIVs Vt eLeCtor VVLt aVrea MVnera paCIs. eX VotIs patrI^, regnI, VIrtVtIs aVIt^e h^reDeM sCrIpsIt, C^sareIqVe thronI. Vos baVar^e stIrpIs soboLes pIa, rVMpIte, fLetVs In genIto genItor, CreDIte, VIVVs Inest. LVX aqVIL^ sIt DVX: anIMabItVr aLa LeonIs. VaLe, VIVe, o CaroLe, CceLIs ! sis nobIs aDIVtor fIDeLIs. faC Vt fLoreat patrI^e spes : sic baVarI^e saLVa est res. CaroLe, VIVe, VaLe, sVperas repetItVs In aVLas ! o CLare In paVCIs, CaroLe Magne VaLe ! Thus concludes the first part ; the second proceeds to applaud the treaty of peace between the Austrians and Bavarians in 1745, com- mencing with this title : pLaVsVs LatIno-gerManICVs paCt^ aVstrIaCos Inter, baVarosqVe paCIs CaVsa CantatVs. The subject is treated of in forty-four bilingual stanzas (Latin and German), to which are appended numerous foot-notes to explain the allusions, aided by an occasional chronogram. Of the latter there are seventeen, uninteresting apart from the text. Perhaps this one is the most appropriate to the subject — gLorIa In eXCeLsIs Deo, et In terra paX hoMInIbVs, aVstrIIs atqVe boIIs. 1745 > 1745 )- 1745 )- 1745 y 1745 1745 -= 1745 '= 1745 1745 ■)- 1745 The Emperors of Germany were made the subject of chronograms by contemporary writers during at least twelve successions, and three centuries of time, from Maximilian I. down to Joseph II. ; as this is exemplified by my two published volumes on chronograms, I need not repeat what is there already in print. What now follows is offered as a short outline, if such be possible, of the rise and position of the German Empire. When the old Roman Empire declined and fell, it passed through a decaying and divided existence, historically known as the Eastern and Western Empires, the latter retaining a weak hold on Italy, while CHARLES VII . 335 other antagonistic powers were growing into importance. In the year 774 Desiderius the last Lombard King, surrendered to Charlemagne, and the kingdom of Italy thereby passed under the dominion of the Franks. In the year 800 Charlemagne, having become the master of the best part of Europe, was crowned at Rome by Pope Leo III., as Emperor of the West. On his death, in 814, confusion took the place of vigorous government until the year 961, when the Carlovingian dynasty became extinct in Germany. The princes, taking advantage of the opportunity, asserted their independence and made the imperial dignity elective, and the Emperor became in a manner the President {primus inter pares) among the rulers of certain confederate States. Otho I., the son of the Emperor Henry the Fowler and Duke of Saxony, was elected King of Italy by a Diet held at Milan in the year 961, and in the year following Pope John XII. crowned him Emperor of the West, as successor of Charlemagne, and from that time the designation of ' The Holy Roman Empire of Germany ' was adopted, though Germany did not become an empire in the strict meaning of the word. Rome continued to pay allegiance, real or nominal, to the Sovereign of Germany and Italy until 1278, when the Popes assumed an independent position, and put an end to the imperial authority over Rome. Passing over an intricate course of events, we find that the imperial dignity of Germany continued to be elective until the dissolution of the 'Holy Roman Empire' in 1806, then a thousand years old. The election of the Emperor rested with the princes, dukes, margraves, counts, bishops, and other potentates of the States of Germany until 1272, when seven arch-officers of the empire assumed the exclusive right of choice ; the ' Golden Bull' of Charles IV. in 1356 confirmed this, and strictly limited the number to seven. It was the office of the Bishop-Elector of Mainz to summon the electoral princes to the election at Frankfort-on-the-Main. The last Emperor of Germany was the Austrian Francis II., who in 1804, foreseeing the dissolution, declared himself as Francis I., hereditary Emperor of Austria (instead of only King), and King of Bohemia and Hungary ; he formally abdicated the empire on August 6, 1806. And thus the end came. All Europe was now engaged in war, and another page of history was opened, dis- closing events outside the purpose of this sketch. The constitution of the present German Empire is distinct from what has been so briefly described ; it is the outcome of the revolu- tionary events commencing in 1848, and culminating in 187 1 by the King of Prussia becoming hereditary Emperor of United Germany. Though famous in politics and conquest, neither the first of the new dynasty nor either of his successors has been made illustrious in the literature of chronograms. XXIX. THE EMPRESS MARIA THERESIA. 1743 VERY imposing title-page, filling two sides of a folio-size leaf, brings Maria Theresia to our notice as hereditary Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, descended from the Emperors Leopold and Charles VI. It looks well in its very bold type and Latin language, but it is really a mass of supreme flattery which, if literally translated, would lose a certain amount of importance due to it. The adjoining imitation of the commencement will in part show its appear- ance ; it begins with a chronogram of the year 1743. The chronogram is to be read thus — aVgVsta aVstrI^ VIrtVs Coronata, sVppressoqVe hoste\_ ET REGNO PACe DATA TRIVMpHANS. J The author of the tract to which the title-page belongs is Josephus Ernestus Barisien, a Bohemian. • Presbyter ecclesiasticus,' his pur- pose is to applaud her coronation at Prague in the year indicated by this chronogram at the end of the title : Anno quo in Bojohemise regno, arMIs sVCCeDVnt paX eXpetIta qVIesqVe. = 1743 The praise and flattery are carried on through forty-one pages, in a high-flown allegorical fashion, with reference to a real or imaginary dis- play of pictures on seven imaginary triumphal arches erected in the streets of Prague, accompanied by chronograms and quotations from Latin classical authors, all mixed together in the tract as if purposely to defy any attempt at a description short of a transcript of the whole — a style of writing no doubt suited to the taste of enthusiastic Hungarians a century and a half ago, though a modern reader would hardly care to make a study of the quotations and their application. We would, however, allow that a more intimate knowledge of classical literature prevailed in bygone times than would be met with generally in the present day. The chronograms are thirty-five in number. I select those which are more obviously appropriate to the royal personage and to the events of her time. The allusions dwell largely on the triumphant success of the war against the Turks in Hungary. A Vg VSTA aVstrI^ VIrtVs CORONATA, SVpprefsoqVe Hofte, & Regno PaCe Data, trIVMphans. SERENISSIM^, ET GLORIOSISSIMA, D E I G R AT I A Magna MARIA HERESIA Hungariae, Bohemiaeq; Regina, Archi-Dux Auftriae, 43 338 MARIA THERESIA. A short introduction is followed by a subsidiary title-page to the first ' Arcus Triumphalis,' in very bold print, and for the most part in chronogram form, as follows — aVgVsta hVngarI^, CzECnlyEgVE regnI regIna fortIs, De\ _ hostIbVs sVppressIs trIVMphans. / ~ MarIa theresIa, arChIDVX aVstrI^, aVgVst^ stIrpIs\_i aC REGNI aVgVsTA HiERES, j~ festIVIs JVbILIs, et gaVDIIs, trIVMphaLIter trIVrbPI pragensI InVeCta. j An allegorical picture of the victorious and triumphant Queen is described, bearing this inscription — ter FAVsTt; DeVehI;re In regnI tVI CapItoLIVM aVgVstaI soROR tonantIs JVno ter gLorIosa. /~ eXpeCtant te, Inter sVbDItorVM Vota, sYnCera\ _ trIVrbIs" sVspIrIa. / ~ The second triumphal arch exhibited these chronograms, wherein, as also in the succeeding pages, she is likened to Helen, the sister of Castor and Pollux — Acclamatio popularis aVgVst^ regIn^ VICtrICI, sIt De sVppressIs hostIbVs trIVMphVs. aVgVsia VenVstas, forMa par heLen^e, VIrtVte Ver5 et DIgnItate, hanC LoNGk sVperans Serenissima Maria Theresia in quam desiderant populi prospicere sVb aLLeGOrIa VenVstIssIM.^ HELENiE totI popVLo trIpVDIantI eXposIta. Acclamatio popularis VI Ve aVgVsta heLena VenVsta, popVLI spes, boheMI/E DeCVs ! Another triumphal arch had this inscription — MarIa theresIa DeI gratIa hVngar: bohe: regIna Contra sVos InVasores VICtrIX perpetVa. Char A DeI soboLes, regnI LVX, faX pIetatIs, patrI^e VIrtVtIs IMago, Nee non regIna fortIs ; VarIIs CoronIs VIrtVtIs, et fortItVDInIs DIVInItVs DeCorata. qVare, AVoVsTiE, ET InVICt^e aVstrI^e aMazonI orbIs VnIVersI DeCorI, }= 1743 1743 1743 1743 = 1743 = 1743 = 1743 = 1743 = 1743 = 1743 1743 1743 ^ This chronojjram makes 1747 manifestly a wrong date. - By this appellation ' Triurbs ' the city of Prague must be understood. MARIA THERESIA. 339 sYm regT^ MaJestatI pVbLICe appLaVDens. \_ seqVentI poesI Vota VotIs JVngebat /"" ^^^■^ Sternum subjectus poeta. Passing over several pages and many chronograms, these, the final words in hexameter and pentameter verse, are reached — VIVe DIV Longos Magna o theresIa Tn annos \_ ContIngant VotIs, sIngVLa, faVsta tVIs. /~ ^'^^ •^^*f' Maria Theresia is again praised and applauded in another tract of 18 pages of folio size, in the same quality of type, language, style and form which prevails in the foregoing work, put forth at Prague by certain of her Bohemian subjects on her birthday, in 1743--^ The im- posing title-page, in somewhat allegorical fashion, treats the Queen as the flower above all flowers, and commences thus — Arcus Triumphalis VII. Natalitius. XIII"^ DIES xMaJaLIs, 1 serenVs nataLIs, regno genIaLIs J-= 1743 hostIbVs eXItIaLIs, j Qua serenissima ac florentissima regni flora Maria Theresia Flos veterum, Virtusque Domds, Flos de Germine regum, Et gloria veris, &c., &c., In omnibus augustissima, suae aetatis Coronata Flora TOTA qVanta In fLorIbVs atqVe fLorIDa VICtorIIs, VernansqVe trIVMphIs, Sereno Die natali In reflorescente (Presentia Florae) Czechia, seren^ Celebrat Floralia majalia publica hilaria. The name of the author of this work does not appear. The floral allegory prevails throughout. The subject begins thus : ' Floridi con- ceptus florida deductio,' and refers to the Roman 1 loralia, a festival celebrated at Rome in honour of the goddess Flora ; it passes thence to the Queen whose birthday is here celebrated, and becomes a vehicle for much flattery. Quotations from the Latin classical authors, at least 80 in number, are worked into the text, with chronograms by way of emphasis and ornament, taking somewhat the form of a dramatic dis- play in companionship with the heathen deities. I extract a few of the chronograms, although their meaning is weakened by removal from their accompanying text. They seem to have been appended to the decorations of imaginary triumphal arches, and they allude mostly to the successful war against the Turks in Hungary, and to the failure of ^ She was born on May 13, 1717, at the castle of Blanckenburg, in the Harz Mountains. At this time she was twenty-six years old. 340 MARIA THERESIA. the foreign political intrigues of the time. I select a few out of the fourteen in the tract — The 'Genius of Youth,' enveloped in flowers, pronounces this * vaticination ' — sl IsTA In VIrIDI ; In arIDo qVID fIet? \ eX hoC: r = 1743 paVe gaLLIa ! nVta boJarIa ! ) ET tV trepIDa hIspanIa ! 1 naM ujeC Vna: sIngVLIs par est, V-= 1743 qYje (faVore iETHERls) sIngVLos sVperabIt. J hVJVs VIrtVte, VIrIbVsqVe CaDent InIMICI ; = 1743 eJVs qVoqVe VIrtVte: VIVent aMICI 1 obstrICtI fIDe; / "" ^T^^ CiETERl DenIqVe InIMICI aVstrI.e : \ ^ InserVIent eI, eJVs nepotIbVs, posterIsqVe. j ~ ^'^'^^ This hexameter and pentameter verse, on the sixteenth page, marks the restoration of peace to Prague through the retreat of the French army — EN ! PER TE gaVDens respIrat praga renasCens ; \ _ naM seCVra qVIes, paXqVe resVrgIt oVans. /"" ^^"^3 There are no more chronograms ; nevertheless the floral allegory terminates only with the concluding words of the work. — _— _.^ i,^.^ A tract in my possession, rare, as all such tracts have become, printed at Giessen, consists of an academical dissertation at the Uni- versity there, concerning some matter of German law, on October 14, 1 741, 4to., pp. 36. By John Bernhard Muller. It is thus dated at the end — sCrIpsI haeC franCofVrtI anno qVo 1 CaroLVs aLbertVs eLeCtor BAVARliE )-= 1 741 saLVtabItVr IMperator. J This method of expressing a date by allusion to some public occurrence was not uncommon ; the chronogram may be rendered thus : T/iese things I have ivritten at Franckfurt in the year when Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria, will be saluted as Emperor. Briefly, the historical fact was that on the death of the Emperor Charles VI., in 17/10, his daughter Maria Theresia succeeded to his hereditary Austrian possessions, and Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria, claimed succession to the imperial crown of Germany as Charles VII. in opposition to her. A general war ensued, and to the doubtful issue of these events may be attributed the expression in the chronogram of the year following, viz., ' will be ' saluted as emperor, while it shows to which side the author was inclined. The war and the disputed claims were brought to a conclusion by the death of Charles in 1742, whereupon Maria Theresia became Empress of Germany. See page 330 ante XXX. COUNT ESTERHAZY, AND EVENTS IN HUNGARY RELATING TO MARIA THERESIA, QUEEN OF HUNGARY AND BOHEMIA. LOSELY allied to the subject of the preceding chapter is the career of Count Joseph Esterhazy, a distinguished per- sonage in the national affairs of Hungary late in the seven- teenth century and in the first half of the eighteenth, a period of much political trouble following on the expulsion of the Turks from that country and repossession by the Austrian Emperor of Germany. It appears that he conducted a campaign undertaken in favour of the new Queen of Hungary, Maria Theresia the daughter of the Emperor Ciiarles VI. He also composed chronograms, which are more to our purpose than the confused events and intrigues of Austrian and Hun- garian history. A memoir of him published after his death fills a book of more than 300 pages, bearing this title : ' Posthuma Memoria Josephi Esterhazii de Galantha, perpetui comitis, de Frakno . . . fata et res gestas. . . . Studio et Opera Devoti ipsius Clientis.' . . . Printed at Tyrnau, 1754, at the press of the Jesuits, " Cum permissu excels^e familise." ' The name of the author does not appear, but the dedication is signed, * Cliens infimus Ignatius Csecsi de Nemes-Ocsa.' The book is in Latin throughout ; a copy is in the British Museum library, press-mark 10706. i. 14, catalogued under the name Esterhazy. The subject, as it is presented to us in the book, requires exten- sive extracts. It is arranged under four headings. Liber I. is headed ' Gesta Privata,' where we learn that Esterhazy was born in 1682. He went through the course of education in classics and philosophy usual in his day, and before the age of sixteen he was studying the works of Aristotle ; in one volume of the treatise on logic he thus recorded the date when he read it — ANNO qVo VngarI/E reX a tYrannIs DepressIs, pVLsIsqVe,) paCeM InIre rogatVs fVerat. / In another book, Aristotle's * P'hysics,' he wrote the date of his study thus : Scriptus sub anno ; qVo ConCessa paCe nobIs InCoLIs In VngarIa frVII , LICebat, eXVLtarIqVe sVper IpsaM. / ^^ 1698 342 COUNT ESTERHAZY. And in like manner, in another volume of the same work, he wrote — Anno: qVo In IVbILo ContInVo totIs VeLIs speCtataI paX pLVs VLtro ConfIrMabatVr qVIeta ; LegatVsV= 1700 qVoqVe LVNiE In sVa reVersVs fVIt. f In the year 1725 his father finished the restoration of the ancient family castle of Cseklesz, which had been rendered uninhabitable by tumult and war. The young Count Joseph placed an inscription to that effect on the clock-tower, with this chronogram — anno quo, a CaroLo seXto DI.«eta1 PANNONlyE proMVLgabatVr. = 1722 And over the gateway — HoC VtrVMqVe DeVs ConserVet. = 1725 Another book, the ' History of the Antiquities of the Jews,' read by him in five days, was thus inscribed by him — qVInqVe UIerVM LeCtIone LIber Iste sVperatVs; = 1730 IpsoqVe, qVa sIngVLarI MerIto DeLeCtatVs fVI. = 1730 His reply to a letter written to him in 1730 contained these remarks in form of a chronogram of the date — perseCVtIo IVstItIa fVLta, Verb soLaMen Dat IVsto; = 1730 pr.«CIpVe sI id IpsVM ab IpsIs parIter IVstIs agnosCItVr. = 1730 LoNGi^VA, fLorenoqVe sIt eIVs VIta, qVI h^eC De Me sentIt. = 1730 He died, after a painful illness, in 1748. His cenotaph and other exhibitions of sorrow at the funeral had many Latin inscriptions, but no chronograms. I proceed now to transcribe the other chronograms ; a mere selec- tion from them would be but a fragment without particular meaning. As regards, however, some of the chronograms, I will endeavour to explain briefly the events which called forth the action of Count Joseph, and which, though of supreme importance in European history, are not readily to be gathered from the memoir. The Emperor of Germany, Charles VI., whose hereditary dominions included Hungary, died at Vienna on October 20, 1740. He had some years earlier, by the Pragmatic Sanction in 1724, and subsequently by his will, declared that, having no son, the succession to the throne should pass to his eldest daughter ; consequently Maria Theresia, his eldest, set up her claim to all the Austrian dominions as Empress of Germany and Queen of Hungary. Her claims were immediately called in question by Prussia, Saxony, France and Bavaria, and her hereditary dominions were invaded by hostile troops. She fled in despair to Pozony (Pres- burg) and summoned the Hungarian Diet. Appearing before that assembly on September 11, 1741, with her infant son Joseph in her arms, she appealed, in Latin, to the magnanimity and loyal spirit of the nobles. The result of her address was the unanimous declaration on their part : 'Moriamur pro rege^ nostro Maria Theresia.' Nor was ^ The Diet of the Hungarian States. * This word, strictly meaning ' King,' was intentionally used. The Hungarian people had an irreconcilable aversion to the title of ' Queen'; as early as 1382, when the crown came to the daughter of King Louis I., she was called King Mary. COUNT ESTER HAZY. 343 this an empty burst of enthusiasm ; for war — the ' insurrectio,' or general rise of the nation was proclaimed, a large army was collected, and Hungarian blood was profusely shed in her cause. After a memorable war, known as the War of the Austrian Succession, her rights were established. See page 340 an/e. Liber II. ' Gesta togata.^ Esterhazy fulfilled many duties, both judicial and political. In con- nection with the latter there was a contention among certain commis- sioners, which gave rise to these chronograms, apparently composed by him when acting under imperial authority delegated to him touching religious affairs in Hungary, and actuated by his watchful care for the interests of Maria Theresia. honorI DIViE VIrgInIs MarI^, regIn^ pannonI^, pLene\ _ ConsVLtVrI; /- ^729 Vt H.ERETICI LegaLIter IVrent, seVere statVenDVM. = 1729 qVInIMo LegetenVs IVrare Denegantes ; Ipso faCto\_ statVtas LVant pcenas. ]~ ^729 qVIa LICet IpsI, qVa InDIgnI, eaM VenerarI non VeLInt;= 1729 (Marginal note : ' Chronologus ad regni status.') VeneretVr attaMen ILLa Lege, statVtoqVe, Iterato\ _ regnotenVs stabILIenDo ; / "" ^^^9 proManente VtIqVe, eX DebIta, IVsta, aC reCta pIetatej= 1729 ET Vt sCanDaLa qVoqVe aMpLIVs In VngarIa non sInt; = 1729 absentIVM abLegatI haC DI^eta^ per VnIVersos statVs\_ aLterentVr ; /~ ^^29 Vt eXeMpLo Isto, a Deo pIo proIeCtIs IpsIs eVangeLIo) _ satIsfIat. /- ^729 patroCInIo eIVs ConserVatI eraMVs VsqVe aD pr^sens ; = 1729 neqVe aLterIVs Certe aDIVtorIo et VLtra stabIMVs ; = 1729 qV^ pro sIbI DICatIs natVM perpetVa preCe eXorat, = 1729 qVare honor DeIpar^ CVnCtIs VotIs proMoVebItVr. = 1729 si IgItVr DIV^ MatrIs rILIVs reaLIter esse CVpIs ; = 1729 sVbsCrIbe, et taLIter tV qVoqVe ostenDe te esse fILIVM.= 1729 apostoLVs^ zICsI, VIr a Deo MIssVs LaVreetVr, = 1729 et In aVLa REG Is (DIgnVM est) sVffVLCIatVr, = 1729 ne a DeCeptorIbVs VoLentIbVs sVpprIMI VaLeat. = 1729 PERSONALIS faCIat, qVoD VVLt j In hIs parVM operatVr. = 1729 Verso demum ad ipsum Zicsium Proto-Notarium Sermone, zelo ardens Esterhazius proloquitur ; (Marginal note : ' Ad Zicsium Proto-notarium.') MarIa VIrgo DeIpara, pLVra per seCVLa est VngarIa, "I )-=I720 nostraqVe patrona ; J sanCt/E ergo MatrIs, non DIgnVs Verb, ast VerVs fILIVs\ _ ESSE anheLans; /~ ^'^^ ^ The Diet of ilie States of Hungary. * Adam Zicsius, the Chief Notary. 344 COUNT ESTERHAZY. gVttaM sangVInIs non patIar, qV.e DeIpar^ VIrgInIsI honorI non sIt ConseCrata; J ' ^ VIVereqVe non peto, sI non propVgnator, et Contra! hostIs IMpetVs DeCertans ; J 7 9 eapropter ego qVoqVe, non MoDo LIbenter tIbI, tVoqVe\ ^ zeLo sVbsCrIbo; / VerVM pIo ConatVI tVo aDIVtor ConspIro ; = 1729 Vt h^retICa praVItas e regno MarIano eXCInDatVr ; = 1729 naM In hVngarIa aVItI, pII, regII DeCretI est, et PATRl;t\^ LegIs, non faLsI InVentI. / '^^ Nee istud infauste cessisse qua sibi, qua Zicsio, alter Joseph! chrono- logus testatur ; qVestIo Ista IVraMentI, per orDInes regnI resoLVI\_ postVLata, Lege est stabILIta ; J ^'^^ qVIa sVbstantIaLIs forMVLa In DeCreto eXpressa ; = 1729 qVIn et appendix, perLegIstas Vngaros Certe pro Lege\_ .estIMatVr ; J - 7 9 proVt id sessIone hesterna, soLVs qVoqVe personaLIs\_ testatVM feCIt. /~ ' ^ He is involved in the religious troubles and disputes which harassed the kingdom, as alluded to in the narrative, which thus con- tinues — Has inter tricas Gabriel Antonius Erodius Agriensis Episcopus, cum Zicsius per status Inferioris Tabulae ad Proceres missus, fervide juxta, et sapienter pro retinenda pristina Juramenti formula differeret ; Mariani honoris Zeloti, Marianum deberi munusculum praefatus, pre- catoriam Deiparse Corollam, sed ab elegantia, et pretio conspicuam porrigit. Loquenti addit noster auro eleganter membranas inscripta ; (Marginal note : Elogia Zicsio Proto-Notario chronica scripta.) eLogIa paLatInI VngarI/E proto-notarIo, aDaMo zICsI,\_ breVIter eXposIta. /" ' ^ trIVMphastI hoDIe VtIqVe proto-notarIe paLatInaLIs,\_ VIr CERTk egregIe ! j" - 7 9 qVIa qVIVIs ConCeptVs aDMIratVr ; = 1729 A tVo preVenIentes InteLLeCtV Vere prVDentIssIMo ; = 1729 LoCVtVs es, proVtI DebVeras eLeganter, pro MarIaM_ regIna VngarI^e; / ~ ^'^^ CVIVs honorI, aC VeneratIonI optIMe Ipse proVIDIstI, = 1729 qVanDo regI Magno, et pIo CVnCta eXposVIstI ; = 1729 Vt sVper optIMo sVCCessV DVbItarI non possIt, = 1729 hInC tIbI perpetVo DeVotI ManebVnt proCeres, atqVe\ _ statVs; /" ^"^9 qVI DIgnas tVas LaVDes VtIqVe DeCantare non negLIO gent, /= ^729 DIVa etIaM VIrgo te foVere nVLLa prorsVs CessabIt; = 1729 qV^ sVIs CLIentIbVs se grataM VbIqVe ostenDere soLet;= 1729 ^ Maria Theresia, the future Queen of Hungary. 345 = 1729 = 1729 = 1729 1729 1733 1733 ^733 COUNT ESTERHAZY. erIt oMnIno CaVs^ sVm, DefensIsqVe proteCtrIX ; naM eI arDentIbVs VotIs pronVs sVppLICare VoLo ; IosephVs CoMes esterhAzIVs perpetVa obstrICtVs De-\ VotIone. j" A long inscription, as if on a monument, next follows, in terms of high praise, addressed to Joseph Esterhazy, ending thus — Iosepho esterhazIo LegVM, et pr^rogatIV^ assertorI \\ _ ET VInDICI, VIta, et gLorIa! j = A grand function was held when Joseph Esterhazy was promoted to the rank of Ban^ in the kingdom of Hungary ; laudatory speeches were made, the narrative whereof concludes thus — eI nos faVsto hoC aVgVrIo eXorantes DICaMVs = NoVVs banVs CoMes IosephVs esterhazI h^C regna DIV\_ gVbernet ; j "~ ET CVM regnIs sVbDItIs, prInCIpI, patrI^qVe \ VIVat ! / - Liber III. ' Gesta bellica.^ {Begins at page 139.) During some military operations in Hungary, Mount Dodo was fortified in 1736 under the directions of Joseph, and the following in- scription by Tata, the ' Pro-Rex,' was placed over the gateway there, engraved on a marble slab — D. o. M. a. sVb feLICI, aC gLorIoso regIMIne \_ C^sarIs, regIs qVoqVe apostoLICI CaroLI seXtI. j~ proCVrante sInCero ferVore, atqVe ConatV, ] aCtV ConstItVto CroatI^ bano, V = CoMIte Iosepho esterhazIo. J C^sare^e, regI^qVe MaIestatIs, aCtVaLI statVs ConsILIarIo, CVbICVLarIo, parIter ET generaLI. ConCVrrentIbVs statVVM VotIs, ET Ipsa regnI InDVstrIa. petIta : operIs InstaVratIonI sVpreMo a VIgILIIs pr^efeCto DV-portaL^ strenVe InsIstente. sVperIs faVentIbVs PRyEsIDIVM hoCCe ter faVste erTgItVr. Vt seCVrItatI patrI^, ConserVatIonI natIonIs, terrorI DenIqVe hostIs seMper serVIat. An insurrection was agreed to in 1 744 ; the narrative says : ' Statuta ad annum quadragesimum quartum et altera Insurrectione, de qua Mikovinius ; (Marginal note : * Insurrectio altera statuitur.') ^ Ban is the name given to the governor of certain military districts in the kingdom of Hungary, in Sclavonia and Croatia, who is the representative of the Sovereign, and, in virtue of his office, takes the command for the defence of those districts in time of war. ^ Du Porlal, the chief architect. 44 1736 = 1736 = 1736 = 1736 - 1736 = 1736 = 1736 346 COUNT ESTERHAZY. tertIas IDVs aVgVstI regIna posonIVMi VenIt, beLLI-1 CasqVe negotIa proposVIt. / '"^^ proCeres, nobILItasqVe VngarI^e pro DefensIone regnI^ VIgILantes, rVrsVs InsVrgere proMIttVnt. j ''^'^ The insurrection is effected, and a sharp war is carried on against the Prussians, the progress whereof is described at page 178 to page 204 of the narrative, in which the following chronograms mark the leading events — eXerCItVs InsVrreCtIonaLIs VngarICI, beLLo-sILes-1 borVssICo^ gesta preCIpVa per pr^senteM annotata. /~ ^'"^"^ I. qVarta aVgVstP borVssVs beLLVM regIn^e DenVnCIaVIt. ■■= 1744 4. A MaIestate regIa benIgne aCCersItVs, VersVs fInes\ _ regnI VngarI^ protInVs eXpeDIor. /" ^''^^ 5. sILEsIiE, MoraVI.eqVe passVs reVIDI, et statVIs posItIsI _ prveCLVsos tenVI. j~ ^'^^ 6. borVssVs Interea pragaM oCCVpaVIt ; breVI rVrsVsI ^ DeserVIt. ]~ ^'44 7. troppaVIa,^ et tesChInIo^ sVbaCtIs, VngarLe hostIs|_ borVssVs2 MInarI VIDebatVr. /" ''^4 8. MaresChaLo Iosepho esterhazI, generaLIbVs franCIsCo] ESTERHAZi, KAROLIo, SpLenIO, ET FESTETIsIO, VnGArI VeRSVs J- = 1 744 fInes regnI profICIsCVntVr. J g. qVarta noVeMbrIs, borVssI non eXpeCtatIs VngarIsI tesChInIo DIgressI abIVere. /"" ^'^^ 10. qVInta DeCeMbrIs eXerCItVs InsVrgens VngarVs e1 REGNO EGRESSVs. j '^^ The accompanying text gives other particulars of the movements of the fighting forces, with the names of commanding officers, and then resumes the chronogrammatic form of narrative — II. eXeVnte DeCeMbrI, hostes LeVI eqVItatV nostrosI pLess^ InVaserVnt. / ~ '^^ 12. C. LVDoVICVs De reVa oCCVbVIt, pLVres CaptI, aC^ fVgatI. /" '744 13. VLtIMIs annI DIebVs borVssI troppaVIa ratIborIo,\_ totaqVe sILesIa sVperIorI eIeCtL ]~ ^i'^^ 14. IneVnte IanVarIo pars eXerCItVs regII hostIbVs\_ PRESSA aD fInes MoraVI^ reCessIt. J ~ '^^ 15. VngarI hosteM rIpIs, VIIs, et pontIbVs oCCVpatIs\_ transItV oDer^ InhIbVerVnt. /~ ^i^S This winter campaign brought great hardships to the army ; the fortune of the Hungarians seemed doubtful, and military operations were impeded by the rising of the river Oder. 16. oCtaVa febrVarII, peDItes VngarI ratIbora* eIeCtI,! eXVnDante oDera haVstI InterIere. j~ ^'^^ ^ Presburg. ^ The Prussian forces invading Silesia. ^ Troppau and Teschen, towns in Silesia. Several other places and persons are named which are difficult to identify. * Ratibor in Silesia. COUNT ESTERHAZY, 347 17. HOSTES RAXlBORiE,! SVPERATO oDeRA NOSTROS InVaDeNTES,! rVrsVs reDIere, tVrpIterqVe fVgere per VngarosJ-= 1745 CoaCtI. J The Hungarians thus were successful, and fortune turned in their favour. 18. generaLIs CaroLIVs^ hostIVM oCto CentVrIas rosen-1 BERGA3 eIeCtas, VICIt, CepIt, et sVbIVgaVIt. /~ ^745 19. PENES streLICIVM,^ eqVItatVs VngarVs hostILI\_ fraVDe fVgatVs. /~ '745 A victory is gained by Esterhazy, which leads to further successes — 20. nonIs CaLenDIs IVnII, DVCe esterhaz, hostIs CastrIs\_ CarnoVIensTbVs5 eIeCtVs aC repVLsVs. /~ '745 21. peDItatVM ConqVassans hostIs, per eqVItes Vngaros) tVrpIter fVsVs, et reIeCtVs. / " ' 745 22. neVstaDt, et zIeghenhaLs, effraCtIs portIs, faCtaI VtrInqVe CrVenta strage, InsVLtV tentata, atqVeJ-= 1745 reCeDente hoste oCCVpata. J The war continues successfully to the Hungarians; the narrative gives the particulars of the events, the names of the commanders, their exploits and rewards, with chronograms to mark the progress. It is now summer time — 23. IngrVente saCro asCensIonIs DH.VCVLo CosLa per\_ Vngaros, et banDVros InsVLtV reCVperata. j ~ '745 24. DIe qVarta IVnII nostrI InfeLIX pr^eLIVM Contra\_ borVssos InIVere. /~ '745 25. Mense IVnIo, nIssa VnDIqVaqVe ab VngarIs eXterneI obfessa, CLaVsa Latebat. /~ 26. IVnIo, et IVLIo, pra:feCto, et arChIteCto MICoVInIo,! CosLa noVIs fortIfICatIonIs operIbVs proVIsa. /~ '745 27. qVIntIs IDIbVs IVLI, IngentI VI hostIs appropIn-\ _ qVante statIVa neostaDIensIa DereLICta. j '745 28. VIgesIMa IVLII VeXILLa LegIonIs trenCkIano-1 ILLIrI^ In agro CarnoVIensI ConseCrata. / '745 29. seXta septeMbrIs oppVgnatIonI InsIstentI hostI,) 1745 InfeLIX CosLa rVrsVs traDIta. /~ '745 (Ahbi ;) VestIgIa CosL^ arMIs VICtrICIbVs aVstrIaCo-I^ VngarICIs InsVLtV reCept^. j '745 DenVo soLennI, VIoLenta, CrVentaqVe obsIDIone per\_ borVssos CInCt^, aC oppVGNATi^, atqVe oCCVpata. /~ '745 (Quam videlicet;) frIDerICVs seCVnDVs reX borVssI^\_ fVnDaVIt. j MarIa theresIa regIna VNGARliE ^eDIeVs aVXIt, etI fortIfICarI CVraVIt. j~ MICoVInI regIVs arChIteCtVr^ PRiEFECTVs, fortIfICa- 1 tIonIs strVCtVras ContInVabat. / '^ (Demum ut tristibus permisceantur hilaria ;) * Ratibor in Silesia. '^ General Karoly. ^ Rosenberg in Moravia. * Strehlitz in vSilesia. * Carnovia in Silesia. 1744 1745 1745 348 COUNT ESTERHAZY. 30. AVoVsTiE DoMVI aVstrIaCe IVra potestatIs C«sare^\ restItVVntVr. J 31. franCIsCo,! aC MarI^ theresI^ aVgVstIs gratVLantVr| ^ ^ Castra sILesI^ sVperIorIs aVstrIaCo-VngarICa. j '^^ 32. IMperIaLI aqVIL^, VarIa fata eXpert^, et VIenn^\^ aVstrI^e restItVta, InsCrIbenDo ; J ''*^ 33. eX InfeLICI qVInqVennII eXILIo nIDo sVo reDDIta. = 1745 34. DIsperso eXerCItV, VIqVe hostIVM aVCta, regressVs\ ^ Instabat. j 35. aD LIsVICIVM, eqVItes nostrI VI hostILI pressI^ ^ VarIe pVgnaVere. / ^^^ Victor persecutus nostros, Esterhazium sub finem Septembris, Carnovia excludit Troppaviam. A marginal note that Joseph is hard pressed by the enemy. 36. Labente septeMbrI hostIs VnDIqVaqVe Instabat f\ statIVa CarnoVIensIa In agros troppaVIenses protInVsV= 1745 transLata. j 37. eIVs DIe VLtIMa traVtenaVI^ nostrI borVssos Infe-)_ LICIter aggressI, repressIqVe sVnt. /~ ^'"^^ 38. aD VICVM LobensteIn nostros perseqVens hostIs\ _ eqVItatVs VIgore repVLsVs est. j "" ^'"^^ And he falls back upon Hulse, in the Duchy of Troppau — 39. Instants borVsso statIVa troppaVIensIa, DenVo^I ^ hVLstInVM VersVs transLoCata. /~ ''^^ Inde cum hostis immineret, ad alterum ejusdem Orse Oppidum Schillersdorffum pro nocte, secuto die trajecto Viadro [the river Oder] Oderbergam demigrat ; 40. VIgesIMa oCtobrIs hostIs statIVIs nostrIs bene-\ ^ sChoVI^ fVsIs, VsqVe pontes oDerbergenses penetraVIt.J '^^ 41. oDoBERG^, oCCVpATO rVptoqVe ponte, nostrIs fortIter"! resIstentIbVs ; torMentIs s^eVIens hostIs transItV PR0-r= 1745 • hIbItVs est. j On October 21, at noon, Esterhazy being refreshed by his dinner — for he had tasted scarcely any other food for three days, and being nearly beaten by the pursuing enemy, with many of his troops wounded and a standard lost — he reluctantly withdrew to the village of Lyten : 42. RESTANS eXIgVa PARS eXerCItVs nostrI, aD fInes\^ MoraVI^ Con Versa. /~ '^^ At dawn on the following day a movement of the opposing forces takes place, the general and his troops having had rest and food ; Esterhazy arrives at ' Lipnicum,' where a swift messenger meets him with a summons to come to the Queen at Vienna : 43. ESTERHAzI DVX eXerCItVs A MaIestate regIa benIgne\ VoCatVs. j The current events in this part of Europe and consequences of the war now led to peace, in favour of Maria Theresia as Queen of Hungary. * Maria Theresia married Francis I. of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in I74S- 1745 COUNT ESTERHAZY. 349 44. DeCeMbrI saXonICas regIones borVssVs hostIs VeXaVIt. = 1745 45. sVb eXItVM annI paX aVstrIaCo-borVssICa reDInte-)_ grata. /~ '^745 Liber IV. treats of the acts of Joseph Esterhazy in matters of reh'gion, from the time of his early youth. In 1722 he erected at Cseklesz a stone statue of the 'crucifix,' with four chronograms of the date on the pedestal. Also, in 1723, a statue to the Virgin Mary and St. Stephen, thus inscribed — statVaM hanC eX Voto CorDIs pII. = 1723 honorIbVs DIV^ VIrgInIs MarI^ aC sanCtI stepanI. = 1723 DoMIn^e hVngarI^, regIn^ sIngVLarIs, \_ protho-regIsqVe APOSToLICI. J ^T^3 gratVs ponIt CoMes IosephVs esterhazI \_ perpetVVs De fraCkno. /~ ^^^-^ Also, in 1724, he erected a statue to St. John Nepomuk, inscribed — DIVo IoannI nepoMVCeno Ista statVa saCratVr. = 1724 He caused, in 1727, the building of a chapel to St. Anne, this inscription being engraved on the foundation-stone — D. o. M. A. VIVente sanCtIssIMo papa beneDICto XIII. = 1727 fLorente IMperatore aVgVsto, et DeIn rege hVngaro \_ CaroLo seXto. /~ ^727 arChI-epIsCopatVs strIgonIensIs^ pr^Lato aC prInCIpe, \_ aC apostoLICI hVIVs regnI prIMate. j ^^^^ eMerICo eszterhazI, VtI pIo DI^Cesano, Ita faVsta \_ gVbernIa foVente. /~ ^'^' DIgnIssIMo Vero regnI hVngarI^ pro-rege \ _ nICoLao paLfy^ eXIstente. /~~ ' ' DIV/E ANNiE obLat^ IstIVs fabrIC^ prIMVs LapIs ponItVr. eMerICo eszterhazI epIsCopo ConseCrato, atqVe CanonICo strIgonIensI sVffraganeoqVe J-= 1727 opVs hoC agente. ConCVrrente porro Iosepho CoMIte eszterhAzI CapeLL^ possessore, )-= 1727 aC aLIIs pLVrIbVs benefaCtorIbVs. Die 24 mensis Maii. o. a. m. d. g. In the following year the structure was completed, and this inscrip- tion was placed over the door — ^ Strigonium, or Gran, of which diocese Emericus Esterhazy was Bishop from 1725 to 1745. The cathedral is a modern building with a huge dome. ^ Nicholas Palfy I find elsewhere mentioned as the old Count Palfy who caused the red flag of the kingdom to be displayed as a signal for every man who could bear arms to turn out. Maria Theresia sent him a present of her own horse, richly caparisoned, a gold-hilted sword ornamented with diamonds, and a ring of great value, accompanied by a letter from herself, saying, ' I send you this horse, worthy of being mounted only by the most zealous of my faithful subjects. Receive at the same time this sword, to defend me against mine enemies ; and accept of this ring as a mark of my affection for you.' 1727 350 COUNT ESTERHAZY, CLIentes DIV^ ann^ honoreM pIe \= 17 r postVLantes ereXerVnt. / '^ qVos CVnCtos Vera refVgII Mater 1 foVere DIgnare anna. / ^'^ (Marginal note : ' Incendium castelli avertitur.') In the year 1728 a bad fire happened at the castle of Cseklesz, which was prevented from spreading to the destruction of the building through the efficacy of a small picture on paper of the Virgin Mary, with the inscription ' Conservatrix afflictorum,' appearing unconsumed in the flames. This I gather from the narrative. The picture was afterwards placed in the chapel of St. Anna with this inscription around it — DIVa VIrgo In Ista qVoqVe ICone \_ j> pLane MIrabILIs. j~ ^'^^ VbI ILLa In IgneM (Vt seDaret) ) g pIa spe IaCta eXstItIsset. )~ ^'^ ILLiESA oMnIno, VnDIqVe, pVra ConserVatVr. = 1728 proVt DeCIMa aprILIs \ _ g stVpens popVLVs obserVabat. j ~ ' And beneath the picture this inscription was put — pLenas ItaqVe repenDIMVs tIbI gratIas \_ g PRO serVata prorsVs Ista habItatIone CsekLesz, /~ ^'^ The narrative says that no one is ignorant of the happy facility pos- sessed by * Joseph ' in the * weaving ' of chronograms ; he was even accustomed to write letters to his friends in that form. Here is an example, describing his escape unhurt from an accident at Posonium (Presburg) in 1728 — In Ipso DIe festIVItatIs sanCtI MartInI epIsCopI, atqVeI g VngarI^e patronI. /~ ^'^ VbI Me posonIo horIs Vtpote VespertInIs reCte aDVenIre\ _ ContIgIsset. / ~ A CorrVente antIqV^e arCIs tatensIs rVDerVM parte\_ Vna. / ~ VaCVo CVrrV ConfraCto; gratIa Certo sanCtI ILL^sVs\_ ^ Maneo. j~ ^'^^ perpetVa DeVotIone hanCCe assIstentIaM VeneratVrVs. = 1728 ET oratorIVM arCIs honorI IpsIVs, In pIetate DICatVrVs. = 1728 The following ' expression of piety ' was composed by ' Joseph ' in 1730— oratIo preCatorIa honorI, VeneratIonIqVe DIV.E VIr-| ^ gInIs Marine saCra. /~ ^'^° o DIVa VIrgo, atqVe Vere Mater sanCta IesV ChrIstI, = 1730 tV es ILLa gratIa pLena, qV^ ^ternI patrIs fILIVM \_ gIgnere DIgna fVIstI. /~ ^'^° aC eX eg orbIs totIVs reparatrIX reCte DenoMInarIs. = 1730 (Marginal note : ' Pietas in Deiparam.*) 1728 1728 COUNT ESTERHAZY. 351 VeLIs eXaVDIre tIbI sVppLICanteM. atqVe aDIVtorIa tVa VbIqVe soLLICItanteM. = potentIssIMa es atqVe sIngVLa CVIVIs Dare VaLens. = neC fILIVs tVVs qVIDqVaM tIbI negare soLet. = NON DVbIto tIbI eX toto perspeCte sVnt necessitates \ _ VIt^ Me^. j~ atqVe a Deo sVCCVrre eIs o pIIssIMa reparatrIX. = preCIpVe Vero saLVtI anIM^ Ita InVIgILare benIgne\ _ DIgnerIs. / ~ Vt In gratIa tVa speranDo, beatItVDIne CceLestI\_ gaVDere VaLeat. /" VbI te CVM fILIo tVo VnIgenIto LaVDet. - aC In ConsoLatIone Constanter eXaLtet per InfInIta\_ seCVLa seCVLorVM. amen. / ~ In 1730 he repaired the chapel at Somla dedicated to the Virgin Mary and put this inscription over the door — CapeLLa eX antIqVIs rVInIs tanDeM restaVrata resVrgIt. DIViEQVE VIrgInI MarI^ pIIs sVspIrIIs ConseCratVr. a CoMIte Iosepho esterhazI hVIVs totIVsqVe VICInI^ h^reDItarIo. }= The restoration of the chapel being completed, he placed therein at the door marble statues of angels and these inscriptions composed by himself — aVe MarIa gratIa pLena ! sVppLICantes, pIe sVspIrantes\ _ eXaVDI. j ~ DeVs ContInVo teCVM, qVapropter eXorantes foVe. = beneDICta tV In MVLIerIbVs, atqVe Verb sIngVLarIs. = beneDICtVs etIaM frVCtVs pretIosI partVs tVI IesVs. = sanCta MarIa DeIpara pLene sperantIbVs aVXILIa tVaI trIbVe. / ~ PRO peCCatorIbVs qVoqVe DeVM prorsVs eXora. amen. = DeVs pr^eeLegIt IpsaM, qVare In tabernaCVLIs eIVs\_ perpetVo habItatVra. / "" Ipse CreaVIt eaM In spIrItV sanCto effVnDens sVper\_ VnI Versa opera. /~ In aLtItVDIne habIto, thronVs qVoqVe In CoLVMna\^ nVbIs. / proVtI LI LI a Inter spInas eXIstentIa, Ita aMICa qVoqVe\ ^ Inter genItos aD^e. j H/eC Vere sIngVLarIter pVLChra, aC MaCVLa orIgInaLIs\ ^ nVLLa prorsVs In ea. / 1730 1730 1730 1730 1730 1730 1730 1730 1730 1730 = 1735 173s 173s 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 1736 353 COUNT ESTERHAZY. oLeo effVso iEQVIPARARls MarIa, hInCqVe a serVIs tVIs\ sIne fIne DILIgerIs. j FeCI eXorIrI LVMeN, PROInDe qVasI NEBVLa XEGEBAxVRi orbIs. j IsTA EST VIrga speCIaLIs, sVbsIstens sTne noDo orIgInaLI," seD et absqVe CortICe CVLpa aCtVaLIs. Hactenus Josephus ; nosce de plumis volucrem. We need follow no further the record of his good deeds, because there are no more accompanying chronograms. The total number transcribed from the memoir amounts to 164, of which a large propor- tion appear to have been composed by * Joseph ' himself. ■}= 1736 1736 1736 XXXI. CHARLES ALEXANDER, GOVERNOR OF NETHERLANDS. THE HARLES ALEXANDER, Duke of Lorraine and Barr, was born in 1712 ; in his earlier days he followed a military career, especially in the interests of the House of Austria, and in 1741 he was appointed General of the Hungarian forces then acting against the French. In 1744 he became more closely allied to the interests of the Imperial family by marrying Maria Anne, daughter of Charles VI., and younger sister of Maria Theresia, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and eventually Empress of (icrmany, while she her- self was already married to Joseph, his elder brother. In reward, it is said, for his military services, but more probably for his fitness, Charles, together with his spouse, were appointed as Governor and Governess of the Austrian possessions in the Netherlands. Not long after this, his military services were again required by Maria Theresia in defence of her rights in a war with France, as well as to protect his own family possessions in Lorraine ; this occupied him until 1748, when peace was concluded on terms settled at the Conference held at Aix la-Chapelle. In the following year Charles Alexander returned to his governorship in the Netherlands. He was clearly very popular in that country, of which the French had gained temporary sway and pos- session. On his first arrival with his spouse, in 1744, and on his return five years afterwards, he was welcomed with public acclamation ar.d ceremony, as depicted in the tracts now to be noticed. Historical narrative may have done much to record his progress among the Flemish towns, in serious descriptive form, but without rising to the form so largely apparent in the tracts, viz., the form of chronograms to express the exuberance of popular feeling. The first tract in order relates to his first arrival at Antwerp. A tract of 24 pages, 4to., ' Recit des rejouissances publiques de la ville et Marquisat d'Anvers,' etc., on the happy arrival of Maria Anne, Archduchess of Austria, and Charles Alexander, Duke of Lorraine and Barr, as Governors- 45 354 CHARLES ALEXANDER. = 1744 1744 1744 }= Uo| 1744 1744 General of the Netherlands. No date on the title-page. It describes the decorations of the city, with the inscriptions on permanent and temporary structures. Among them were the following : A triumphal car representing Antwerp, the Christian virtues, the liberal and mechanical arts, with allegorical figures, inscribed — His Me VIrtUtIbUs hIs artIbUs patrI^qUe soLLICItUDIne sustento. } On a triumphal arch at the Capucins — arChIDUX aUXILIUM popULI. CaroLUs LotharIngI^ DUX gUbernator eXIMIUs. = At the Beguinage — BEGGA eXULtat aDVentU aUstrI^e et LotharIngI^e \ _ ConJUgUM. ] ~ On a grand arch designed by Rubens — beLgII gUbernatorUM aDVentU parnassI VertICes \_ eXULtant. J ~ Among the elaborate structures of the Jesuits — MarI^ ann^ aUstrIaC^ aC CaroLo LotharIngICo beLgII\ gUbernatorIbUs In L^to IntroItU soCIetas JesU (sic).^ J DeIpara regIn/E theresI^ faMILI^qUe aUstrIaC^ aVX-\_ ILIatrIX. j~ MarIm ANNiE aUSTRIaCe ] ET CaroLo Lotharo beLgII gUbernatorIbUs gratULantUr ConVICtores soCIetatIs JesU. si qU^e soLICItent CUr^, sI qUIs tIMor Urget, peCtora qUm CUrIs LIberet, eCCe VenIt. iNFESTiE POPULIs sI InTENTENT PR^LIa TURBiE, VIrIbUs aC arMIs qUI tUeatUr, aDest. At the celebrated abbey of Tongerloo — MarI^ CaroLoqUe DIU eXoptatIs In IngressU antVerpIensI abbatIa tongerLoensIs. eXaLtetUr DoMUs aUstrIaCa IneXpUgnabILIs. eXaLtetUr DoMUs LotharIngICa heroIbVs IneXhaUsta. = A triumphal car, with decorations appropriate to the Society of Jesuits. It is described as representing a classical group of the grand council of poetic divinities, etc., with reference to the marriage of the Governors, the Archduchess and Charles Alexander ; inscribed — DeorUM Vota ^ aUstrI^ atqUe LotharIngI^ prInCIpIbUs y = beLgII gUbernatorIbUs. j At the collegiate church of St. James — gUbernatorIbUs beLgII In L^to IngressU 1 CapItULUM InsIgnIs eCCLesI^ sanCtI JaCobI posUIt. = 1737 1744 = 1744 1744 1744 = 1744 1744 1744 1744 = 1744 ^ This chronogram is defective; it should make 1744. CHARLES ALEXANDER. 355 MarIa anna arChIDUX proteCtrIX et gUbernatrIX. == 1744 VI Vat et trIUMphet DUX CaroLUs beLgII i _ gUbernator. j ~ ^744 The street at the CarmeHtes was handsomely decorated ; in the midst was this 'double chronogram' — MarI^ ann^ aVstrIaC^e et CaroLo aUstrasIo \_ antVerpIaM IntrantIbUs L^tUs erIgIt CarMeLUs.^ j 34o8 In the neighbourhood of the Dominicans, in 'happy ' allusion to the victorious courage of the Duke Charles — VIX DUXI, CUM VICI.2 = 1744 And this indication of joy at the arrival of their highnesses — Ut angeLI paCIs aDVenIUnt; ) VenIte eXULteMUs. /= ^744 In the neighbourhood of the cathedral the decorations, with a portrait of the Empress, were inscribed — InVICt^ hUngarI^ regIn^ \ beLgII DoMlNiE 1= 1744 senatUs popULUsqUe antVerpIensIs. J Other decorations ' tres-agreables k voir,' are so indicated by a ribbon issuing from a trumpet, inscribed — gaUDIa faMa LoqUaX popULIs nUnC nUntIat UrbIs. = 1744 At the royal and ancient mint of Antwerp — DebIto sUIs prInCIpIbUs reVerentI^e affeCtU, Moneta\_ antVerpIensIs ereXIt. ( ^744 In the locality of the Abbey of St. Michael — MarI^ ANNiE aUsTrI^E CaROLI SEXtI CiESARls FlLIiE\_ CaroLoqUe LoTHARlNGliE prInCIpI ConJUgIbUs. /~ ^'^'^'^ arChIDUX MarIa anna et ConJUX VenIUnt. = 1744 feLIX beLgIUM, CUI DatUr gUbernatrIX. = 1744 In the locality of the Augustines, by a society of St. Norbert — norbertI CcetUs Vos pLaUsIbUs appetIt oMnIs, \_ ET Vestras LaUDes spes pUtat esse sUos. /~ ^^'^'^ DUX LotharUs CaroLUs qUIntUs respIro trIVMphIs. = 1744 MarI^ beLgII gUbernatrICI appLaUDIt JUVentUs\_ aUgUstInIana. /- ^744 VIVat patriae gUbernatrIX aUstrIaCUM DeCUs. = 1744 There is no date throughout the tract except that represented by the chronograms. There are many other inscriptions not in the form of chronogram. A copy of the tract is in the British Museum library (112, e. 21). ^ This chronogram, here called double, is twice 1744 * The old writers called this a pure chronogram, all the letters being numerals. r 356 CHARLES ALEXANDER. The next tract is one of five others on the return of Charles Alexander to the Netherlands after his temporary absence from the country. On his arrival at Brussels he was received by the city autho- rities and conducted to the Hotel de Ville, where the ' wine of honour ' was presented to him. The tract is in the British Museum library (112, e. 10), 4to., pp. 6, entitled, ' Ordre de la cavalcade dressee a la requisition des Messieurs du magistrat de Brusseles,' etc., by the young men at the Jesuits' College, when Charles, Duke of Lorraine, Governor of the Netherlands, happily returned to that city, *et Lui offrir le Vin d'Honneur.' No date. It describes the decorations of the streets, with the inscriptions. Among them are the following — In CaroLI gVbernatorIs sUI reDItU eX totIUs patrI^\ _ VotIs BELGIUM. /- ^749 prInCIpI CaroLo Lotharo sanCIta paCe beLgIs reDDIto\_ VIna honorarIa senatUs popULUsqUe brUXeLLensIs. /~ ^^'^^ This chronogram as explained : ' Le senat et les bourgeois de la ville de Brusselles offrent le Vin d'honneur au Due Charles, que la paix rend enfin k leur voeux.' These two chronograms are the only dates in the tract. A tract of 12 pages, 4to., 'Relation de la pompeuse et magnifique reception,' etc , which the city of Brussels gave to Charles, Duke of Lorraine, on April 23, 1749. It describes the event, the decorations and the inscriptions. Among them were the following chronograms — CaroLo LoTHARlNGliE prInCIpI patrIaM ") IntrantI Cor et CLaVes I = 1749 senatUs popULUsqUe brUXeLLensIs. j serenIssIMo regIoqVe prInCIpI CaroLo beLgII aUstrIaCI) gUbernatorI, patrI^ patrI paCta paCe brUXeLLas[= 1749 reVertentI. j JaM noVa LVX orItUr nostrIs DUX CaroLUs orIs, = 1749 nUbILa; qUm beLLUM InDUXIt, nebULasqUe fUgabIt. = 1749 CaroLo DUCI LoxHARlNoIiE brUXf.LLas reVertentI CongratULabUnDUs CLerUs. 1749 At the church of St. Gudule — eCCe Intrat oUDULiE LotharIngUs sangUIne JUnCtUs ;\ _ hUnC patroCInIo sospItet ILLe DIU. /~ ^749 beLgIaCIs, LotharInge, VenIs CharIssIMUs orIs ; \ _ faUsta tIbI CLerUs, L^taqUe CUnCta foVet (su). f~ ^744 CHARLES ALEXANDER. 357 On the portrait of the Empress Maria Theresia — REGlNiE THERESl^ BELgIS aMabILI popULIs gratIos.« reDeUntI Lotharo PATRliE gUbernatore eXstrUXIt. = 1749 On a portrait of the Empress held by Jupiter descending from the sky, thus inscribed, ' Per me regnabit,' and — heroIn^ aUstrI^ eX obItU CaroLI seXtI \_ popULos sUos DIgnIssIMe regentI. /~ On a portrait of her husband the Duke of Tuscany, held by Minerva, thus inscribed, ' Provide imperat,' and — aVgUsto hetrUrI^ DUCI theresI^ regIn^e hUngarI^ , eXoptatIssIMo ConJUgI. J L On a portrait of the Duke Charles of Lorraine — CaroLo LotharIngICo eX aUstrIa brUXeI.Las repetentI\ Ut affLICta InstaUret regIMIne beLgIC^. j On an eagle, above this portrait — aqUILIs eXtrUXIt Me CongratULans sUbDItUs. In eXItU LUgebant CIVes AT JaM eXULtant DenU6. A copy of this tract is in the British Museum (107, b. 56). 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 A tract of 22 pages, 4to., ' Detail des r^jouissances publiques de la ville et du Marquisat d'Anvers,' etc., when Charles Alexander, Duke of Lorraine and Baar, arrived happily at Antwerp as Governor of the Netherlands. No date on the title-page. It describes the event, the decorations, the triumphal arches, emblems, and the inscriptions. Among the latter were the following — CaroLo aLeXanDro LotharIngIjE prInCTpI aC barrH DUCI pro teresIa HUNGARli« regIna beLgas gUbernantI, h = antVerpIenses sUA pr^esentIA CohonestantI s. p. q. a. J CaroLo aLeXanDro LotharIngI^ prInCIpI et barrII DUCI PRO saCrA et C^sarea hUngarI^ regInA teresIAJ- beLgII gUbernatorI, et faUtorI sUg s. p. q. a. J On triumphal arches and buildings — CaroLUs dux aDVeXIt pLenarIa UrbIs gaUDIa. CaroLUs dux LotharUs antVerpIensIUM Vota satIaVIt. CaroLUs DUX LotharIngI^ reDUX antVerpI^e : gaUDeatIs. CaroLUs DUX LotharUs IngreDItUr : VIVat DIU. 1749 = 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 358 CHARLES ALEXANDER. reDUX paX, reDUX CaroLUs, reDIIt L.etItIa. reDUX CaroLUs beLgIUM eX angUstIa erIpUIt. = reDUX CaroLUs LotharUs MartIs Ignes eXtInXIt. = reDUX CaroLUs gUbernator beLgII gaUDIa aDaUXIt. = CaroLo aLeXanDro gUbernatorI eXtrUXIMUs IntrantI. = DIU eXpeCtatUs, DIU eXoptatUs prInCeps aDVenIt. = feLIX faVstVsqVe six serenIssIMe CaroLe aDVentUs tUUs. = In aDVentU prInCIpIs CaroLI beLgII gUbernatorIsI eXULtant reLIgIosI tertII orDInIs V = sanCtI patrIs franCIsCL J rUstICUs eXULtans tIbI aDVentUM serIo gratULatUr. == Urbs feLIX anVersa ! MarIa teresIa beLgas 1 regnatrIX sapIens, soLers, pIa, Casta, benIgna, y = sanCta, pLaCens sUperIs sanCItI paCe gUbernat. J aUgUst^ Marine teresI^ LabentIs patrI^e VInDICI) _ senatUs popULUsqUe antVerpIensIs. /~ qUaLIs aDest orbI tenebrIs aUrora fUgatIs, \ taLIs aDest beLgIs pULso regIna graDIVo |- = eXoptata sUIs. J aUstrIaCI reDIere DUCes, antVerpIa gaVDet; 1 patrIa festIVIs IgnIbVs aUra rUbet. J DUCI gUbernatorI CIVes eXtrUXIMUs. eXoptato CaroLI beLgarUM gUbernatorIs aDVentU\_ fUnest^ patrI^ rUIn^ reparantUr. /~ CaroLo gUbernante DIU eXoptatUM JUbar beLgIs) eXorItUr. j At the mint — MoNETALeS BRABANTliE jEDeS sUbItUrO ] regaLIqUe pr^Lo regIn^e VULtUs eXpressUro, ) beLgIo prInCIpI CaroLo aLeXanDro LotharIngI^ aC barrI DUCI aUgUstI CiESARlS fratrI beLgIIqUe gUbernatorI. At the Abbey of St. Michael— CaroLo LoTHARlNoIiE aC barrI DUCI beLgII gUbernatorI antVerpIaM Ingresso rUrsUs L^ta CongratULatUr abbatIa MIChaeLIs arChangeLI.i VIVat In perpetUUM reDUX beLgII gUbernator CaroLUs. In IntroItU CaroLI beLgII gUbernatorIs \ NORBERTlNiE DoMUs eXtrUXIt. / A copy of this tract is in the British Museum library (112, e. 20), ^ The total of this chronogram is twice the date 1749' 1749 1749 1749 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 - 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 3498 1749 1749 CHARLES ALEXANDER. 359 The visit to the city of Louvain by this distinguished personage was celebrated there with great honour and festivity in 1749, as may be gathered from a very rare tract entitled ' Applausus de auspicatissimo apud Lovanienses introitu serenissimi ac regii principis Caroli Alex- andri Lotharingise ac Barri ducis ... die 22 Aprilis, 1749. Solemniter ingredienti . . . Lovanii, apud Henricum vander Haert. 4to., 24 pages. A copy of the tract is in the library of the Rev. W. Begley, and from it are made the following extracts. It describes the decorations of the city of Louvain, and preserves to us the evanescent illuminated inscriptions which were displayed on the buildings and triumphal arches erected to give splendour to the occasion. It commences with an address to the reader and three pages of poetry all in Latin, followed by, ' Sequuntur emblemata chronodisticha, chronica, aliaque prae foribus coUegiorura et domuum afifixa, ac promiscub ea, quae super arcus triumphales erant inscripta ;' and it concludes with an ode by the Franciscans and Dis- calceates. The chronograms only are here transcribed. The foot- notes are superadded. DUCI CaroLo LotharIngICo grUDIosI sUI "| presentIa honorantI ConCors senatUs popULUsqUe LoVanIensIs. At the Carmelite convent, beneath the statue of the Empress Maria Theresia — LOTKARO DUCI feLICes theresI^ aUstrIaCe aqUILas eXULtante beLga reDUCentI theresIan^ LoVanII. The next was placed on a triumphal arch — In aDVentU gUbernatorIs patrI^e CarMeLUs eXULtans ereXIt. MerCUrIUs eXoptatUs annUntIat eXorat^ paCIs gaUDIa. On the front of a magistrate's house — paX pIa restItUet CaroLo reDeUnte brabantIs, qV^ fUror hostILIs gaUDIa DIrIpUIt. feLIX VIVe DIU, popULUMqUe In paCe gUberna. At the door of a nobleman's house — CaroLo aLeXanDro LotharIngI^e DUCI sVb theresI^ aUstrIaC^ faUstIs aUspICIIs beLgas reCtUro. At the ' Collegium Bajanum ' — baJUs^ gratatUr CaroLo CognoMIne Magno, IngressUs CUJUs gaUDIa Vera refert beLgIaDIs popULIs.^ ^ The people of Louvain and the surrounding country. " The name of the founder; see a subsequent note. ^ The total of this chronogram is twice 1749. = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 3498 36o CHARLES ALEXANDER, [nUnC pr^eDe] hoC^DUCtore VDato, eXnIXIs paX gaUDIa VotIs. = 1749 [cUstoDe J paX sIMUL aDVentat grato CUM prInCIpe nostro. paX Vero perstet, qUare beLLona reCeDe.^ pLaUDIte baJanI, noster qVIppe InCLItUs arMIs est presto prInCeps, DUCe qUo aUrea LUstra teneMUs aUrea, QUiE gaLLUs DUra CerVICe sUbegIt, ) sUb CaroLo fortI reDeUnt h^C s^eCULa notIs, j DUCat faVor qU.e MartIUs InfLIXIt VULnera fUror. eX MartIs DepULsa nebULa ILLUXIt aUstrI^e phc-EbUs CUM pr^erIt prInCeps, II.LUstrIs baJUs^ arabIt. JUgera tUMqVe CoLent absqUe tIMore sUa/ CaroLe, te rapIDUs qUanDoqUe aDMIttere rhenUs obstrICtUs fUIt, ast te DILIa^ sUsCIpIt ULtrg.^ On the front of the house of the chief ' Braxator,' or maltster- VenIstI prInCeps renoVastI gaVDIa beLgIs, hostIs sUb s^Vo qUI IngeMUere JUgo {sic). fInIs aUest beLLI eX aLto paX CLara reLVXIt, beLgICa tranqUILL^ fceDera paCIs JnIt. On the front of a certain school for young pupils — MaUrItIUs gIgnIt beLgIs post gaUDIa fLetUs; AST LotharIngUs VenIt post nUbILa phcebUs. prInCIpIs IntroItUs grUDIIs* gratIssIMUs agrIs CernItUr e VotIs patrIa faUsta tUIs. CIVIVM DUX, Is beLgIs noVa LUX DUX CaroLUs LoVanII DIU eXpeCtatUs aDest^ {sic). = On the front of the house of Mr. Plot, the sign of the Three Ethiopians — LotharIngIUs dux CIVIUM LUX. On the front of the house of Mr. Stas — EN CaroLUs! Is Vestry LUX UrbIs patrI^qVe gaUDIUM aUXILIUM beLgIo nUnC aDVenIt eXhaUsto. On the front of the house of Mr. Jacobs, a printer — VeXatI fUIMUs repeto trIstIs trIbUs annIs Intrans seD CaroLUs trIstIa fata LeVat. On the front of the house of Mr. Berges, a baker — VIVat CaroLUs DUX LotharIngI^ gekManUs aUgUstI "^ = DUX CaroLUs VenIt eXorItUr post nUbILa tItan {sic) On the front of the new house of the ' Braxatores ' (maltsters)— Ut grUDIP aUstrIaC^ sUnt stIkpI aDDICtI, ) _ s^VIs testatUr eX annIs. / } = )- }= 1_ /" 1_ r ^_ r \_ r 3498 3498 1749 1749 1749 3498 3498 1700 1749 ^749 1749 1749 1848 = 1749 . = 1749 ^ 1749 1_ 1749 = 1749 = 749 1749 ^ The total of each of these chronograms is twice 1749. * Bajus (James) was a Flemish theologian, died in 1614. P)ajus (or De Baj', Michael), a Flemish ecclesiastic, died in 15 13. The armorial device of ihe co.lege is a harrow. ' The river Dyle, which flows through Louvain. * The people of Louvain. ® This chronogram is erroneous ; it makes 99 years too muth. The meaning is perfect. ® I.e., a relation of the Empress of Germany, his sovereign. , CHARLES ALEXANDER. 361 NON gaLLI JUgo prIsCa eVanUIt fIDes, \_ aUstrIa fUIt aUstrIa fIXa Manet. /~ ^'^^^ paX eXoptata arChIDUCeM eX VotIs reVehIt nostrIs. = 1749 eXoptatUs sUIs JUgIter serVet arChIDUX paCeM. = 1749 On the front of a house which had been a prison in the time of the French — a Magno Deo (CarCere eXoLeto) patrIa eXstat grata {sic). = ^ reDIIt dux, nobIs L^ta LUX DIU eXpeCtata. = 1749 eXpeCtatIssIMUs reDUX prInCeps eX Voto patrI^. = 1749 On the front of the house of a distinguished citizen — CaROLUs LOTHARlNGliE DUX ) _ grUDIos faUsta qUIete Donatos tUeantUr. /~ ^1^^ CIVIUM JUCUnDItas rUrsUs eXUrgat. = 1749 On the front of the house of Mr. Van den Velde, an apothecary — gUbernatorI PATRliE eX VotIs reDUCI eXstrUCtUM. = 1749 InqUe iEVUM VIVat CaroLUs DUX LotharIngI.e. = 1749 On the front of the most flourishing ' college,' Psedagogium Cas- trense — sUb sCeptro aUstrIaDUM tU LIber beLga fUIstI, \_ g beLga sUb hoC DoMIno prInCIpe tUtUs erIs.^ /"" ^^^ sUbsIDIo VenIens pro fortI MIssUs aChILLe \_ PAR VeterI qUInto qU^erIt Ut esse qUeat. / " '^^ parCere sUbJeCtIs, et DebeLLare sUperbos.^ \^ LeX CaroLI est; per te LeX CaroLIna reDUX. /~ ^'^^ On the front of the house of Mr. Dirix, ' Promotor Universitatis ' — PRiEsIDIo ILLIUs sperastI beLga JUVaMen, 1 Ipse VenIt : tUa spes pLena fUtUra breVI est. /~ '''*^ eCCe sUb aUspICIIs sanCt^e gertrUDIs^ CaroLIqUe "^ ^ prInCIpIs eXULtant gertrUDIanI. j" oVate reDUX est benIgnUs CaroLUs hUJUs \_ patrI^ soLatIUM. J ^'^'^ sUb eJUs DUCtU paX VobIs Verb aMICa VenIt. = 1749 On the front of ' college,' Paedagogium Porci — In aUstrIaCI generIs DeCUs et obseqUIa "j perpetUo DIrIgUntUr aprI - = 1 749 VOTA ET STUDIa. J Prse foribus Van Munster e regione Porci — prInCIpIs IntroItUs CaroLI grUDIana reLaXat \ _ peCtora nUnC, CUnCtIs gaUDIa qUanta refet. j ~ ^'"^^ ^ In this chronogram the author is evidently in error ; it makes lyTi. ' The total of this chronogram is twice 1749- ' This line is from Virgil's '^neid,' VI., 853. * A church at Louvain, dedicated to Saint Gertrude. The chronogram is faulty ; it makes 1750- 46 362 CHARLES ALEXANDER. On the front of the Jesuits' church — DUCI CaroLo Lotharo beLgII gUbernatorI eX sInCero affeCtU. DeVota soCIetas JesU LoVanIensIs. On the tower of a college, hexameter and pentameter couplets formed with illuminated lamps — nULLa saLUs beLLo tIbI beLgICa ; pLUrIMa paCe ; eXoptata IgItUr paCIs oLIVa VenI. eXoptata poLo VenIt paX aVrea nobIs; DII faCIant, stabILI DUret Ut Ipsa fIDe. o satIs InfeLIX sUbIIt CrUDeLIa beLLa beLgICa ! nUnC feLIX fceDere paCIs oVat. paCe reVIVIsCens DIffUnDIt beLgICa sIgna L^tItLe, popULUs, CUrIa, CLerUs oVat. noCteM Ut soL seqUItUr, sIC nUbILa CLarIor aUra, }= ]- l_ J" sic BONA paX LItes, trIstIa beLLa qUIes. CaroLUs aDVenIens beLLI fUgat aspera CUnCta, Ut soL aDVenIens nUbILa LUCe fUgat. eXtraCtI hIs beLLIs obLeCtatIqUe DaLenses^ aUstrIaCI aUstrIaCIs seqUe sUosqUe DICant. aUrea satUrnI reDeUnt nUnC s^CVLa CUnCtIs ; aUrea theresI^ reDeant nUnC s^CULa nobIs. Before the house of Mr. Rega, ' ad effigiem Licaniorum ' — taLIbUs ConfIsUs CaroLUs LUnIgeros- sUbIto MetU perCeLLeret soLoqUe fUgaret aspeCtU. On the front of another house — CernItIs eX VULtU genUs aLto \_ A sangUIne DIVUM. j~ On a triumphal arch erected by the Augustines, exhibiting a portrait of the Governor, a dove, and an olive branch — VIVa CoLUMba noe paCIs portaVIt oLIVas "^ ^ sIC CaroLUs nobIs paCIs oLIVa VenIt. / DUX est eLeCtUs patrI^e, bIs patkIa feLIX qU^ DIgna est Ista sUb DItIone regI. And the arms of Austria were inscribed — lo ! aqUILa aLtIVoLans aLtI JoVIs arMIger aLes hUC VoLat, AST CaroLUs VICtor In orbe VoLans. These hexameters and couplets were on the house of Mr. Regnault- LeVanIUM eXULta: reDIIt LUX aUrea beLgIs. DUX ET paX VenIt, bIna h.eC soCIantUr In UnUM. MartIs LeX eXLeX eX fceDere paCIs abIVIt. }= 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 ^ The inhabitants of Louvain on the river Dyle. ^ The Turks, whose standard is the crescent moon ; they abandoned the siege of Vienna ill 1683, and retired as if impelled by sudden fear. CHARLES ALEXANDER. 363 nUnC nUnC LoVanIDes CaroLo sUb prInCIpe L^tI \ _ DICIte: LiETlxI^ sUrgat UbIqUe sonUs. j"" ^749 Mars fUrIt In tenebrIs : CLaUDIt paX ostIa JanI : \ faUsta ferent beLg^ : regnat UbIqUe qUIes. j ^749 On the front of the house of Consul van Langendonck — serenIssIMo prInCIpI CaroLo faUsta beLgII gUbernaCULa In transItU _ LoVanIo optat Consul natIonIs j"~ ^'^'^^ LoVanIensIs. aDVenIt optat5 prInCeps, fortUna reCessIt _ ferrea qUeIs nobIs InVIDa DUXqUe tIbL / ^ ^749 Consul Ut et grUDIUs^ L^tatUr, CaroLe prInCeps "\ _ aCCessUs Vester gaUDIa tanta tULIt. /~ ^749 beLga DIes VenIt DIsCUssa nUbe nIVaLI ^_ effUsa Ut s^VI granDInIs Ira rUat. / ^749 LaUs Deo ! aDVenIt nobIs DUX CaroLUs 1 _ hUJUs patrI^ gUbernator. J ^749 L^tUs IntroItUs DUCIs LotharIngI^. CaroLI 1 A patrIbUs franCIsCanIs et DIsCaLCeatIs 1= 2346 per oDen eXpressUs^ [sic). J I. aDest CaroLUs, aDest VobIs, eXoptatUs DIU nobIs . = 1 749 et eXULtet patrIa. j 2. o qUaM grata, L^ta DIes "j sUa UbIqUe Vera qUIes ! 1= 1749 paX est ; nUnC soLatIa. j 3- DIes hIC est festIVaLIs 1 Vere VobIs trIUMphaLIs 1= 1749 et UbIqUe VIVat est. J 4- hjeC lux faUsta qUaM serena ! 1 eXoptata VobIs pLena 1= 1749 In sUpernIs DonIs est, j 5- eXtrUantUr Ignes taLes "j qUI Censentur trIUMphaLes 1= 1749 sUnt pergrata gaUDIa. j ^ The people of Louvain and the region round about. ' This is defective as a chionogram ; the total is no multiple of 1749. 3^4 CHARLES ALEXANDER. hostIs JUgUM hoC est graVe AST REGlNiE EST sUaVe ) eXULtantes pLaUDIte. 7- Vos AB EO LIberatI sItIs MoX eXhILaratI, et Vos VIVat DICIte. 8. DUX est CaroLUs, qUI VenIt, gUbernator, pater erIt ; ferVentUr soLaMIna. qUIa QUiE hIC habUerUnt, et a nobIs eXtorserUnt, DesUnt h^eC graVaMIna. lO. tanDeM CaroLUs, nobIs gratUs VenIt VerI: eXoptatUs ; feLIX nostra patrIa! II. JaM brabantIa fLorebIt, JUs CUJUsqUe et VIgebIt ; et tU VIVes fLanDrIa. 12. MaLInIa^ InsIgnIs stabIt, qVje. eX hoste VapULaVIt ; gaUDeat proVInCIa. 13- VenIt DUX et gentes stabUnt GENTES CUnCt^e trIUMphabUnt, erIt faUsta patrIa. 14. DUX est MItIs ET sUaVIs ILLe nULLI fUIt gravis ; tanta eI gratIa. 15- totUs DeIn est hUManUs, CUnCtIs sUIs est UrbanUs; sUnt pergrata nUntIa. = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 1749 1749 1749 = 1749 1749 1749 = 1749 ^ Malines, or Mechlin, here alluded to as having suffered much from the French occupation. CHARLES ALEXANDER. 16. UnDIqUe en ? GENS LiETAxUR ! Magno sono IntonatUr, VIVat ! VIVat CaroLUs ! 17- VIVat! VIVat eUM LIget DeUs nobIs, et reserVet ; EST, EST GRATUs CaRoLUs. 18. EN te DeUM IntonatUr CaroLUsqUe eXaLtatUr UbIqUe a patrIIs. 19. qUIsqUe gratUs InVItatUr ET In Mensa satUratUr, CIbIs hIc De VarIIs. 20. VIna LiETt VobIs DantUr, Verba Ista proferantUr ; VIVat MagnVs CaroLUs. 21. Ista, Ista proferantUr, qUanDo tonI eXaLtantUr, VIVat MagnVs CaroLUs. 22. tUb^e ^tYMpana hIC sonent, soNOs sUos nobIs Donent; LUX, LUX noVa orta est. 23. Deo Dante abIVerUnt, qU^ In beLLo DeVenerUnt, nobIs, VobIs, paX nUnC est. 24. VIVe o dux ! eXoptata CaroLe DesIDerata eX te nobIs gLorIa. Ita VoVent CaroLo patres sUpra, qUI seMper fUerUnt, sUnt et erUnt fIDeLeS AUSTRliE. finis. 365 1749 1749 1749 = 1749 = 1749 = 1749 1749 1749 = 1749 L = 1749 ^ Here the letter Y counts = 2 ; frequently thus used in Flemish and Dutch chronograms. 366 CHARLES ALEXANDER. The town of Alost welcomed the Governor with a very extensive exhibition of chronograms, 260 in number, of which 200 in Latin are here transcribed from the rare folio tract in the British Museum library (9930, i. 2), entitled 'Arrive'e et passage de son altesse royale le due Charles Alexandre de Lorraine et de Baar, gouverneur des Pays- bas, par la ville d'Alost, Le 17 Mai, 1749,' printed at Antwerp. It describes the procession to 'la maison du paiis,' which was thus inscribed — LotharIngI^ dux, CoMItatUs hUJUs LUX. = 1749 The ' Maison de Ville ' was decorated with pictures, one being a ship sailing under the guidance of a star, and this inscription — Carolus, Anagrainma. O Clarus. CLarUs es, o CaroLVs, fLanDrIs : CYnosUra VoCarIs. 1 aUXILIo taLI fLanDrIa tUta satIs. / '^^ An engraving follows, representing a general view of the fireworks prepared by thirteen citizens of Alost, as expressed in this chronogram — beLgII eXoptato gUbernatorI treDeCIM aLostensesI eXstrUXerUnt. J " Inscribed upon a tablet in the central device — qUIs qUaLIsqUe Iste DUX ? non est InVentUs "^ _ sIMILIs ILLL /~ In the same device a pelican appeared, thus inscribed — Ut peLLICanUs proprIo sangUIne, Ita DUX MagnUs 1 _ sUos foVet. /~ ^'"^^ The Jesuits' college was pictorially decorated with heraldic shields and emblems, as represented in a full-page engraving, and these in- scriptions — serenIssIMo gUbernatorI, fLanDros reVIsentI, soCIetas JesU aLostI eXstrUXIt. fortUnata DIes, LUCe aC forMosIor oMnI, qUa beLgas CaroLUs, VoX DatUr Una, reget.^ hInC JUnXere UrbIs festIVIs IgnIbUs Ignes LoIoLID^,2 nobIs qUa reDIt Iste DIe. Ut qU^VIs Lateant tetrI VestIgIa MartIs, TE, CaroLe, eXhaUstIs sat reDIIsse fUIt, prosperIora tUIs, aDnIterIs, ^eVa reVertant, MerCIbUs hInC sUrget, qUI fUIt ante, VIgor : haC DeCUs, haC CULtUs VenIent e DIVIte Vena beLg^ et ter faUstIs aVrea s^CLa fLUent. aUstrIaC^ CresCant aqUIL^, CresCantqUe Leones, seU paX sIt, seU fraUs Cogat, In arMa rUas. ^ This chronogram makes 3498 ; twice the date 1749. ^ The order of Jesuits instituted by Ignatius Loyola. 1749 1749 \ J 1749 h 3498 1= 1749 }- 1749 }- 1749 I 1749 }= 1749 CHARLES ALEXANDER. 367 tU CceLo, tU Chare tUIs, tU gLorIa SiECLo, \ _ tarDIUs hInC DIVIs eXCIpIare pLagIs. /~ ^749 CaroLUs LotharUs, beLgIT gUbernator, franCIsCI^\_ C^sarIs gerManUs, festIVe eXCIpItVr aLostI. j~ ^^^9 An engraving represents the house of Monsieur De Ruddere, with the entire front decorated with pictorial designs, elaborate emblems and heraldic devices with chronograms ; the latter are set forth in the description, the engraving not having room for so much detail — eXaLtetUr aqUILa, DeCUs patrI^, hUJUs refUgIUM. = 1749 eXULto, sUperabUnDo gaUDIo CaroLI gUbernatorIs\ _ PATRliE aDVeNtU. j ^74^ Procul, hinc procul este profani. — Ovid. Nunc est bibendum, nunc pede libero pulsanda tellus. — Horace, I., Ode xxxvii. i. saLVantUr frUges, aDVenIt DUX CaroLUs, sInt trIpUDIa. = 1749 Hoc signum foederis. HoC sIgno DUCe restaUrabUntUr, tUtaqUe erUnt oMnIa\ _ UrbI atqUe patrI^. ]~ ^'^^ Gaudent mutata sorte. — Horace, II., Sat. vi. no. UnUsqUIsqUe aLostantUs In DoMo sUa qUIetUs aLLeO LUIa. /= ^749 Maturate fugam. — Virgil, ^n. i. 137. DILUVIVM Cessavit patrI^ gUbernatore, Urbs eXULta. = 1749 Justitia ante eum ambulabit. — Psalm Ixxxiv. 14. JUstItIa In aspeCtU IpsIUs DabIt UnICUIqUe sUUM. = 1749 Probata virtus corripit insipientes. sVb DVce, patrI^ gUbernatore, CVM VIrtUte eXUrgItI pIetas. / Under a group of the Duke's armorial banners — VIVat VIVat CaroLUs In beLgIUM reDUX. = 1749 And among the other decorations of the house the following in- scriptions appeared. The Austrian eagle bearing in one claw a crucifix and in the other a sword ; on its body a cartouche inscribed — CrUCIfIXUs hUIUs MUnDI paX. = 1749 Below, on a ribbon — CrUX VIVa saLUs. gLaDIUs rUIna gentIUM. = 1749 Followed by a long series of chronograms — VIVat DIU MarIa thresIa, hUngarI^ regIna, aqVILa\^ tUa In eXCeLsIs. / Followed by several pages of chronograms, mostly in Latin ; it is not 1 The emperor Francis I., Grand Duke of Tuscany, consort of Maria Theresa. 1749 1749 368 CHARLES ALEXANDER. mentioned that they were affixed to houses- to some of the decorations — -probably they belonged aVstrIa nUnC reDIIt, DIsCessIt gaLLUs aMarUs ; MeL, regIna, saLUs thresIa, LUX patrI^e.^ DIU VIVant franCIsCUs IMperator, MarIa regIna, JosephUs beneDICtUs, CaroLUs JosephUs.^ petrUs LeopoLDUs, arChIDUCes AUsTRli«; MarIa, ChrIstIna, eLIsabetha, bLanD/e aUstrIaC^ regIn^e soboLes ; CaroLUs LOTHARlNGliE PRInCePS, gUbERNATOR PATrI^E ^ IngressUs feLIX, sUbIIt DUX CharUs aLostUM. InCLYtUs en VenIt rUrsUs DUX gratUs aLostUM. aUrea CUnCtorUM reDIIt VoX : aUstrIa VIVat. aUspICIIs, dux grate, tUIs eXULtat aLostUM. feLIX VIVe DIU popULUMqUe In paCe gUberna. DUX MagnUs, popULIqUe qUIes sIt CaroLUs UrbIs. VenIt Io CaroLUs, DUX VerUs VIsIt aLostUM. VIVe DIU CaroLe, eX VotIs DUX beLgIo aDesto. VIVIto dux CeLebrIs; sanUs feLIXqUe Maneto. DUX ET paX VenIt; bIna hjeC soCIantUr In UnUM. fInItUr beLLUM, atqUe reDUX paX CernItUr orbI. optatUs gratUsqUe VenIs, fortIssIMe prInCeps : qUIppe tUa stabILI sUb DItIone saLUs. VaDIte VICtrICes LaUrI, Vos Ite Coron^e ; ET CapUt aUgUstI CIngIte taLe DUCIs. nUnC oMnIs Longo soLVIt se beLgICa LUCtU VerUs Io Cantat, VeraqUe tUrba Canet. tot post iERUMNAs, qUeIs press a est patrIa, DUras, nIVea paX sUrgIt, beLLa CrUenta fUgans. CIVICa sInt CUpIDIs VaCUata ^rarIa gaLLIs, eXILIat CaroLo traDere, qU/EstUs erIt. Floreat electus princeps, multosque per annos Incolumis vivat, nosque benigne regat reVersUs CaroLUs reDeUnt satUrnIa regna, affLICto beLg^ dux hIC ConCessUs ab aLtIs. paX nobIs LUXIt; per te VestIgIa beLLI. IrrIta perpetUA soLVent forMIDIne terras. qU^ rabIes gaLLI JaM tot VastaVerant annIs, UnIUs VIrtUs restaUrat prInCIpIs arDor. stIrps regat, VIgeatqUe DIU sUbLIMIs ab aUstro, assIstatqUe gregI LUgentI ; VInCat et hostes, }= 3498 3498 = 3498 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 ^ These three chronograms form one sentence ; each makes twice the date 1749. They allude to the living members of the Austrian royal family. CHARLES ALEXANDER. 369 D nUnC aUgUsta reDIt regIna teresIa nostra; VerUs aMor gentIs, beLg^qUe noVata VoLUptas. Here follow seven lines not chronograms. ICte beLgIaDes : regIna teresIa VIVat, qU/E pIa, qU^ prUDens, qU^ VenUs Ipsa. sILe qUIppe satIs DICtUM. parIter CeLebretUr aLostI, Ut CaroLUs, VerVs qUI DoMInator erIt.^ qUI DoMInator erIt patrI^e, tUtorqUe perennIs; qUIqUe sUo CIVes sangUIne (gaLLe, satIs qUos affLIXIstI) DefenDet. sICCIne, gaLLe tU faCeres ? CaroLUs feCIt : UbIqUe VIrI narrabUnt MIserI : sUperI ! MeMInIsse JUVabIt, qU^ CaroLI VerI prIncIpIs aCta : CUP gLorIa DebetUr, qU^ JUre paratUr aLostI aDVentU DIgnI prInCIpIs ; UnUs erIt CIVIbUs appLaUsUs : popULUs saLtabIt aLostI. eCCe VenIt CaroLUs ! tItYre bIsne MeLos ? qUIs DUbItat? VenIat : qUonIaM ConCentIbUs aUras perCUtIaM L^tIs ; thespIaDosqUe Canent '} VIVat Io CaroLUs DUX, terqUe, qUaterqUe beatUs, VIVIt Io DIgnUs VIVat UbIqUe DIU. qUare gaLLI gaLLInas beLgII qU^sIVj^re? qUare gaLLI gaLLInas aMaVere? qUIa In beLgIo satIs oVa InVenere. qUare IpsI eX beLgIo abIVI;re? qUIa aUrea beLgII oVa abstUL^re. aU serenIssIMe CharLes aLeXanDre, a son heUreUX \_ retoUr aU paYs-bas. }~ La franCe sCaIt forger Cent sUbsIDes affreUX ; \ _ CharLes sans noUs Charger sCaIt faIre Des heUreUX. / " aVeC L'hote orgUeILLeUX seCaChe La LICenCe, \ _ aVeC CharLes retoUrnent paIX, trafIC abonDanCe. / ~ Here follow twenty-three lines in the Flemish language, all chrono- grams, and four lines not chronograms, in praise of Charles. Then immediately the Latin chronograms are resumed in alphabetical series, occupying nearly four folio pages. This is a novel and fanciful feature, but not presenting any special difficulty in composing them, especially as they are not in verse — aDVentat DUX: LUDIte fIstULIs, qUoqUe CanIte tUba. = aUgUstI prInCIpIs aDVentU UnA eXULtat aLostUM. aUstrIa tU regIUM gknUs, LUX, DeCUs popULI nostrI. = aUre/E sUb aLIs aqUIL:^. tUetUr oMnes arChIDUX\^ aUstrI^. J aLostana Vota sUnt, DIgne DUX, Ut beneDICtIonIbUs\^ eXpLeate. j J" 1749 j = 1749 1 = 3498 [ = 1749 i = 1749 • = 3498 [ = 1749 } = 1749 1 = 3498 1 = 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 ^749 1749 1 These chronograms make twice the date 1749- 47 370 CHARLES ALEXANDER. aUgesCat VIrtUte forMosUs regIn^ natUs arChIDUXj^ aLostUM rUrsUs feLIX sUb antIqUIs DUCIbUs. = 1749 aUgUsta IMperatrIX, eXhaUst^ fLanDrI^ ConsoLatrIX. = 1749 abIVerUnt fLagra InsIgnIa. | CIVIUM [= 1749 reDIVerUnt soLatIa sUaVIa. J aqUILarUM pULLI soLIs raDIo eX UngUe opponUntUr. = 1749 aUstrIa aLostensIbUs satUrnI rUrsUM reDUXIt s^CULa. = 1749 abIVIt noXIUs, noXIa Destruens aLLostUM reCUperat. = 1749 BELLI fer gaLLI CantU, LaUs Deo ^qUo, DIsCessIt. paXI tIbI, prInCeps CaroLe, gUbernator hUJUs PATRlif;. / '"^^ CUM JUbILo popULI DUX et gUbernator reVertItUr. = 1749 CIVes, DUX Vester VenIt, L^taMInI et eXULtate. = 1749 CaroLUs DIU eXoptatUs, XVIL MaII aLostI ostIa IntroIt. = 1749 CaroLo, DUCI Lotharo, beLgII gUbernatorI, DIV^"\^ THRESliE fILI^, EXCALCEATiE aLoStI EREXerUnT, J ~ ' '^^ CaroLUs LotharIngI^e DUX DIU eXpetItUs, gUbernatorI aDest. ]= '749 ConsUrreXerat qUasI Leo rUgIens, qU^rens qUeMI DeVoret, InfLatUs hostIs. / ^'^'^ CaroLo LoTHARlNoIiE prInCIpI, VoVetUr LaUs, gLorIa) ^ In terrIs, feLIXqUe DeI beneDICtIo In CoiLIs. /~ ^'^^ CaroLo LotharIngo, beLgII gUbernatorI, aLostUM In-\_ GRESso VoCIbUs hILarIbUs CongratULantUr CIVes. /~ ''"^^ CUM JUbILo popULI DUX et gUbernator reVertItUr. = 1749 DUX CaroLe, feLIX sIt tUUs In UrbeM IngressUs. = 1749 DUX CaroLUs gUbernator, prosperItatIs aUXILIUM. = 1749 DUX, CIVIUM LUX, aLostanos VIsIt. = 1749 DUX CaroLUs VotIs oMnIbUs a beLgIo eXpetItUs. = 1749 DUX CaroLUs In ^ternUM VIVIto feLIX. = 1749 DUX LotharUs, a nobIs DIU eXoptatUs, DeCUs beLgII. = 1749 DIU VIVat DIU VIgeat prInCeps aUstrI^, aC eJUs sUbDItI. = 1 749 DIU VIVat, eXULtet, fLoreat seMper regnatrIX aUs-1 trIaCa. 1= 1749 DIU LUXIMUs, LUXIsse nUnC satIs. = 1749 eUge, eUge eXULta aLostUM, tUUs tIbI prInCeps aDVenIt. = 1749 eX aUstrIa DILUCULUM patrL^ eXorItUr. = 1749 eXULteMUs CIVes, DUX beLgII VenIt. = 1749 eXpeCtatIone eXpeCtaVIMUs IngressUs VIDere tUos. = 1749 eXULta aLostUM, DIU eXpeCtatUs tIbI VenIt. = 1749 eX VotIs rUrsUs VenIt CIVIUM DeCUs. = i749 eCCe eX VotIs, UtI eXoptaVIMUs, aDVenIt. = 1749 eXULteMUs ItaqUe, festUs CaroLI IngressUs gaUDIa\ aUget. /- ^749 eVasIt s^Va CrVX, In te reDIVIt aLMa LUX. = 1749 eXIVIt regIna, reDIVIt saLUs patrI^, speCULUM JUstItI/e. = 1749 CHARLES ALEXANDER. 371 eXULtate CIVes aLostenses, rUrsUs In patrIa gUbernat) aUstrI^ DoMUs. /= ^749 eXoptata DIes VenIt; prInCeps LotharIngI^e, gUbernator\ _ hUJUs patriae, IntraVIt aLostUM. /~ ^749 eXUrgat, VI Vat, gUbernet paCIs MoDeratrIX aUstrIaCa, = 1749 eXtrUCtUM fceDUs, fIXaqUe sIgna CIVI. = 1749 eXpeCtantes eXpeCtaVIMUs te, DUX InsIgnIs. = 1749 eXoptatUs aDVentUs prInCIpIs LotharIngI^e aLostI nobIs\ _ absqUe fIne trIUMphUs. ]~ ^749 eX DUCIs pr^sentIa noX Ut aUrora ILLUMInatUr. = 1749 eXULtat feLIX beLgIUM, qUanDo foVet regIna sUb aLIs. = 1749 eXoptant aLostanI, VIVat DUX fortIssIMUs CaroLUs. = 1749 franCIsCUs^ IMperat, nUNGARliE regIna regIt, DUX\_ benIgnUs In patrIa JUsxfc gUbernat. / "" ^749 gUbernatorI transeUntI fIDUs popULUs aLostanUs eX-\ hIbet Cor gratUM. /- ^749 gaUDIa eXoptata aLostanIs sUo IntroItU DUX CaroLUsI aDfert. j= ^749 gaUDere CIVes aLostenses, regIna aDest : VoX popULLI Vox Del }= ^749 gaUDIUM gaLLUs abstULIt, eXoptata aqUIL^e restI-1 tUUnt. /= '749 gaVDeaMUs IgItUr; LUX orItUr, CaroLUs VenIt. = 1749 gaLLUs Cantans DestrUXIt; MarIa thresIa eXUberansI restaUraVIt. /- '749 gUILeLMUs aLostanUs gUbernatorI sUo VIenna re-\_ DeUntI gratULatUr. j~ ^749 gaLLICUs DestrUXIt fUror, gerManUs benIgn^ restaU-\ raVIt faVor. ]■= 1749 greX aLostanUs eXULtans aUgUst^ MarI^e thresI^\_ pIa Vota DICat. /- '749 greX aLostensIs reDItU aUgUst^ sU^ CoMItIss^e eXULtat. = 1 749 gLorIa In eXCeLsIs Deo, atqUe In terrIs paX MarI^\_ THRESLe aUgUsT^E, nUNCARliE REGlNiE. j ~ ^'^^^ heroI, regIoqUe prInCIpI CaroLo aLeXanDro Lothar-1 IngI^ aC barrI DUCI, beLgIIqUe aUstrIaCI gUber-V= 1749 natorI. j ILLUstrI, InVICtoqUe DUCI CaroLo aLeXanDro, beL-1 gas sUos reVIsentI feLICItas. / ^^^'^ In JUCUnDo aDVentU aUstrI^ eXoptat^e gaUDete CIVes. = 1749 IntroItUs tUUs, dux, aLostI eXhILarat Cor nostrUM. = 1749 lo! L^teMUr CIVes, reVenIt DUX, patrIa LUX. = 1749 lo ! pLaUDIte ManIbUs, eXsIbILate fIstULIs, VIVat\ LotharIngUs. / In DUCIs absentIa heU ! qUantUM popULUs LUXIt. = 1749 ^ Francis I,, Emperor, the husband of Maria Theresia, Empress of Germany and Queen of Hungary, 1749 372 CHARLES ALEXANDER. In aDVentU DUCIs aUDIatUr VoX, gLorIa LaUs. = 1749 Ita sIt Vox CUnCtorUM : faVe DeUs aUstrIm JUgo. = 1749 lo! VIVat aUgUstUs C^sar, VIVat aUstrIaCa UoMUs. = 1749 lo! VIVIto feLIX DUCUM LUX. = 1749 ILLUXIt dies nobIs, DUX eXpeCtatUs aDest. = 1749 IntroItUs Vester, DUX CaroLe a fLanDrIs DIU eXoptatUs. = 1749 L^taMUr UnIVersI aDVenIente CaroLo, qUIa gratUs\_ nobUs IntroItUs IpsIUs- J ~ ^'^^^ LUX DUCUM enVehItUr, gentIs eXhILaratIo. = 1749 LUX DeCUs, aUXILIUM sIt, patrI/eqUe pater. = 1749 LoNGiEVUs sUper terraM sIt CaroLUs, dux InsIgnIs\ _ atqUe bonUs. j '^'^^^ LotharIngI^. dux noVa CIVIUM LUX. = 1749 LUX DUCUM In beLgIo Ut JUbar, UsqUe nIteat. = 1749 nestorIos, dux CaroLe, Ut VIVas per annos, aLostUM\_ tIbI eXoptat. /~ ^749 NoX eVanUIt, lux popULI, MarIa aUstrIaCa aDest. = 1749 non est InVentUs qUI ConsoLetUr Me, nIsI tU soLUsl DUX. 1= ^749 nUper Cantabat gaLLUs; VoLo, sIC JUbeo, beLg^ DULCI-) _ ora Canet aqUILa reDUX. /- ^749 NoX trIstIssIMa eVanUIt, LUX pUra aDest CaroLUs. = 1749 paX, LaUs, gaUDIUMqUe nUnC UnIVersIs aLostanIs. = 1749 pLangens beLgIUM benIgno VULtU Vestro, o DUX,) _ hILarabItUr. j "" ^749 paX franCIsCo IMperatorI, atqUe thresI^ hUngarI.e"1 _ regIn^ ; paX sIt DIUtUrna nobIs. ]~ ^749 qUantUM phcebUs sIDera, Ita aqUILa sUperat UnIVersasI VoLUCres. /- '749 QUiERO : qUIs aUXILIo? InUtILe, nIsI sIt DoMUs) aUstrIaCa. j= '749 qUIDqUID gaLLUs DestrUXIt, prInCIpIs IntroItUs restI-I tUet. /= '749 qUo VoLas dux? aLostI VIDearIs CIto reDUX. = 1749 qUare, qU^so, gaUDetIs aLostanI ? qUIa DUX CaroLUs) aDVenIt. /= '749 reDUX MarIa thresIa gUbernat : pLUs eXoptas ? sUf-) fICIt popULo. /= '749 reDUX est IMperatrIX, eXULta CIVItas aLostana. = 1749 regIna^ hUngarI^, Mater DULCIs, In petItIonIbUs VoX) eXorabILIs. /= '749 reDUX aUXILIatrIX paCeM attULIt. = 1749 senatUs, popULUsqUe aLostanUs gaUDet sUb JUgo MarI^\ _ THEREsIiE aUstrIaC^e. ]~ '749 StIrPS eLIaNA LoTHArIngI^ DUCI, ORTHODoXyE VERiEQUfi) fIDeI propUgnatorI, ereXIt. /~ '749 ^ Maria Theresia, the Empress-Queen of Hungary. 1749 1749 1749 CHARLES ALEXANDER. 373 six feLIX aDVentUs tUUs, CaroLe ; VIta In .eVUM. = 1749 saLVe MarIa thresIa, saLVe regIna aUgUsta ; DeUs\ _ JUstUs proteCtor tUUs. j ^'^^^ sUrreXerUnt LUgUbres DUCIs In beLgIUM IngressU. = 1749 sUCCUrre nobIs, qUI In tantIs angUstIIs DepressI\ VIXIMUs. / sUpereXaLtetUr DoMUs aUstrIaCa UnIVersIs popULIs. = 1749 SANGUIS LotharIngUs JUnCtUs THEREsIiE qUantUM eXaL-\ _ tanDUs ! j ~ sUb JUgo beLLon^e LUXIMUs, qUoD soLVIt aUstrIa. = 1749 sUb hoC DUCe, faVentIbUs sUperIs, qUIete VIVeMUs. = 1749 thresIa Ut sUaVe DILUCULUM nobIs eXUrgIt. = 1749 tIbI, dux CaroLe, prosperUM et feLIX Iter eXoptatUr. = 1749 tUa bLanDa benIgnItas, DUX, eXtoLLItUr LaUDIbUs. = 1749 tUrbIDIs sUb gaLLIs Urbs qUrebatUr, reVIVIsCIt MarI^I theresI^ JUgo. /~ '^ tU LoTHARlNGlyE DUX, neqUaqUaM beLgII CrUX. = 1749 te DUCe eXtIrpata VIrtUs rUrsUM reVIVIsCet. = 1749 tU regIna, tU soLa pUgnastI Contra qUatUor Coro-1 NATOS. qUIs Contra aqVILaM? eCCe nULLUs.i / '^^ VICtorIose dux, hUC VIDearIs reDUX. = i749 VIVat, gUbernet DIU, eXULtante popULo, MarIa aUs-\_ trIaCa. J '^^ VIVat CaroLUs, LotharIngI^ DUX, sagaX tUtaMen patrT^.= 1749 VIrtUtIs lux, DeCor potentUM fLoreat, VIVat In ^.Va. = 1749 Vestras eXaLtate VoCes, pLaUDIte ManIbUs, eXtrUIteI Ignes. / Vas LUCtUs perIIt, DIgnUs DatUr UnDIqUe pLaUsUs. = 1749 VoX oMnIbVs Una : CaroLe VIVe DIU post nUbILa phcebe!= 1749 VIVat VerUs arMIsonUs^ LotharIngI^ DUX CaroLUs. = 1749 VIVat DIU hUngarICa regIna, oVetqUe C^sar seMper) aUgUstUs. / ^^^ VIVat In ^VUM CaroLUs, fLanDrI^, brabantI.eqUe1 VerUs patronUs. / VIVat aUgUsta DoMUs aUstrIaCa, perpetUa patrI^. pro-\ ^ teCtrIX. / VIVIto LotharIngI^ prInCeps, gUbernator hUJUs patrI^,) ganDaVP reVenIs aLostUM. / VIVat CaroLUs, trIUMphet aLeXanDer, gUbernatorI hUJUs patrI^.. / VIVat, VIVat In gLorIa LotharIngI^ prInCeps, DeI antIqUo sangUIne regUM natUs. / VIVat arChIDUX aUstrIaCUs In /eVUM. = i749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1749 1 The War of Succession carried on against Maria Theresia by the Kings of Prussia, France, Spain and Sardinia. ^ ^ This word occurs in Virgil, /Eneid, iii. 544, ' with clashing arms arrayed. * The city of Ghent. 374 CHARLES ALEXANDER. UnIVersIs CIVIbUs atqUe rUstICIs parIt regIna gaU-\ DIUM. j VIXIMUs DIU In eXpeCtatIone prInCIpIs aUstrI^. VI Vat beLgII LUX, MagnUs beLLI DUX. VeLoX aqUILa sUper oMnIa VoLaVIt, DenU6 VoLabIt. UsqUe VIVat InVICta, UrbanaqUe DoMUs aUstrIaCa. Here terminates page i6 ; immediately following it on the next (the last) page of the tract are twenty-seven chronograms in the Flemish language, arranged alphabetically in a somewhat broken series, all making the date 1749, and in meaning all are to the same effect as the Latin ones. As this transcript comprises all that are in Latin, the two sets in Flemish are passed over as less interesting. The tract now comes to an abrupt end. This remarkable example of chronogrammatic litera- ture could not be well represented in an abbreviated form. The varied verbiage of laudation is concise, and free from the restraint that Latin verse composition imposes on a writer of chronograms, conse- quently what is produced is plain and intelligible. Almost the only figurative expressions are those aimed at the temporary oppressors of the Flemish people, the French, to whom the undignified word ' Gallus,' a cock, is applied, though it really signifies a Frenchman, one from the country of Gaul, Gallia. The eagle, ' Aquila,' is obviously the emblem of Austrian sovereignty. In Chronograms Continued other tracts are mentioned relating to Charles Alexander ; at page 80, when he returned after a long absence and entered Louvain on April 23, 1749, on his way to Brussels. Another at page no, when on Febru- ary 9, 1750, he seized the mattock and commenced the new Louvain canal, the city having been set free from the French yoke on January 25, 1749. Another at page 530, when he cut the first sod for the canal on February 9, 1750, there is an engraving of the spade he used. = 1749 = 1749 - 1749 = 1749 1749 XXXII. ANOTHER ALMANAC, 1685. page 81 ante, mention is made of an almanac which came into my possession too late for notice at that place. Here it will occupy a whole chapter. It is a book consisting of 126 pages, 4to. size. It has a finely designed and engraved allegorical frontispiece, with this inscription in very small letters at the extreme lower edge of the subject : ' Calendarium Tyrnaviense anni 1685 ad elevationem poli g: 48 ad meridianum.' This points nearly to the latitude of Tyrnau in Hungary. A dedication fills the next page, addressed to Maxi- milian Emmanuel, Duke of Bavaria and of the Palatinate, Count Palatine of the Rhine, etc. The author prays for ' laurels and triumphs ' for him, and signs himself by the assumed name astrophilus. A table of contents next follows, and the calendar for each month, with the ordinary astronomical and appropriate information for each day, but without astrological predictions. The page opposite to that for each month is occupied with chronograms, one for each day throughout the year. I regard this feature as unique. They are mostly moral and useful maxims, proverbs, and practical remarks, each one making the date, the year 1685 ; a particular set is arranged for each month, with a descriptive title. That for January applies to the warlike events of the period which affected Bavaria, Austria, and the Duke Emmanuel.^ Those for other months are quaint and amusing; for instance, on September 25 it is remarked that fungi (mushrooms, etc.) are safe when thoroughly boiled and thrown away out of window. A selection from the chronograms would not do justice to the series; it is a curious collection and worthy of attentive reading. The original is a bad specimen of paper and printing ; the words often run into each other, and all are close and crowded together in a manner tedious to read. The chronograms are as follows — among them may occasion- ally be seen hexameters and leonine verses — The Duke was a distinguished military leader. See p. 267 ante, and the index. 376 ALMANAC, 1685. JANUARIUS habet dies XXXI. SENTENTI^ CHRONOLOGIC^ HUJUS TEMPORIS. 1. A Deo IesV nostro qVater feLIX aVspICIVM annI. 2. VIVant In eo ChrIstIanI fceDerIs aVthores gLorIosI et S/EpIVs trIVMphent. 3. a. et b. DViE sVnt prIMvE LIter^e, et Inter se VbIqVe ben^ ConVenIVnt. 4. aVstrIa BolARliE terrIs Vt proXIMa, sic et LaVDe parI propIor, par pIetate nItet. 5. aVstrIa regnatrIX aC gLorIosa, InDVIt robore ManVs sVas. 6. baVarIa potens et sanCta, astrInXIt fortItVDIne LVMbos sVos. 7. aVstrIa eXtenDIt In orIenteM tVrCI^ LaVreas sVas. 8. baVarIa Ver6, tVetVr a CaDente soLe, seqVe fInesqVe IMperIL 9. aqVILa regIna aVIVM VoLantes protegIt aLaVDas aVstrI^. 10. Leo ferarVM prInCeps InsVrgIt aDVersVs hostes aVstrI^e et BAVARliE. 11. Vt SiEpi; trIVMphetVr, ConsILIo, et InDVstrIa pVgnetVr. 12. Sl DeVs pro NObIs fVerIt, nVLLVs HOStIVM PRiEVALEBlT. 13. aLIqVanDo VenIet, Vt bona CaVsa prIVs agItata trIVMphet. 14. qVIs MoDo InVenItVr taLIs, qVI, et IpsI C^esarI serVIat gratIs ? 15. oMnes sVa DVntaXat LVCra qV^rVnt. 16. o DeVs libera, et VInDICa serVos tVos, De hostIbVs sVIs ! 17. eXVrgat phcebVs, DeMantVr CornVa LVn^.^ 18. aLaVD^ sVAVIssIMk CanVnt In aVstrIa et hVngarIa.^ 19. DeVs, qVI In fVgatIs AVsTRliE hostIbVs feCIstI MIrabILIa!^ 20. protege DeInCeps qVoqVe, qVeM eLegIstI et VnXIstI. 21. aVstrIaCI fortIores In pr^LIo, Dorsa VerterVnt eXterorVM 22. hVngarI^ regna h^resIs perDIt, et aVXILIVM tVrC^e. 23. qVare aVstrIa DICItVr fVtVra In orbe VLtIMa ? 24. qVIa DeVs eaM sIngVLarIter haCtenVs proteXIt et protegIt. 25. qVIa fVIt, est, et erIt In CVLtV DeI parentIs VIrgInIs prIMa. 26. qVIa DeI aVXILIo tVrCaM sVperabIt. 27. qVIa est nIDVs aqVILarVM* tonantI et sVperIs CharVs. 28. qVIa QViE operatVr ConsILIo a:qVe et InDVstrIa seMper operatVr. 29. qVIa sVIs iEMVLIs qVoqVe, et aDVersarIIs benefaCere parata est. 30. qVIa spes et VIres sVas In aDJVtorIo aLtIssIMI ConstItVIt. 31. ET oMnes aDVersarII eJVs non pr^VaLebVnt Contra VIres eJVs. ^ Alluding to the defeats in war suffered by the Turks. Luna, their crescent standard. - And the larks sing sweetly in Austria and Hungary. ■' The flight of the Turkish army from the siege of Vienna, ^ The eagle, the Austrian standard. ALMANAC, 1685. 377 FEBRUARIUS habet dies XXVIII. SENTE NTI^ CHR ONOL O GICO- THE OL O GIC^. 1. theosophIa VtItVr aLIIs sCIentIIs, tanqVaM sVIs peDIseqVIs. 2. MarIa sIt aVXILIatrIX, et aDVoCata nostra. 3. qVI VoLVnt qVIetI VIVere, fIDeM CoLant.i 4. heteroDoXI respVbLICas passIM In peJVs VertVnt. 5. qVI sVperIs fIDeLIs non fVIt prInCIpIbVs MInVs erIt. 6. REGNA, qV^ In Vera reLIgIone fVnData sVnt, a CasIbVs re- MotIora sVnt. 7. seD proXIMa rVIn^, qVIbVs reLIgIo CVr^ non est. 8. seMper tVrbIDa, In qVIbVs seCt^ pro LIbItV VagantVr. 9. qVoD tIbI non Vis fIerI, tV etIaM, sI JVstVs es, aLterI non faCIas. 10. qVoU aVteM tIbI VIs pr/EstarT, tV qVoqVe faC aLterI. 11. bonVM eX Integra CaVsa probarI Debet, VtI aIVnt theoLogI. 12. MaLa Vero eX VnoqVoqVe DefeCtV. 13. VoX ET sententIa ChrIstI est, neMo bonVs, nTsI soLVs DeVs. 14. probatIo DILeCtIonIs, eXhIbItIo est operIs ; Vt aIt MagnVs gregorIVs. 15. boVI trItVrantI os LTgarI non Debet, Vt Monet saCer teXtVs. 16. VerItas oDIVM parIt; abortVs non partVs, nostrIs s^CVLIs BENk NOTVs. 17. antIqVa sententIa est: non sVnt faCIenDa MaLa, Vt eX eIs eVenIant bona. 18. V^ hoMInIbVs, per qVos sCanDaLa VenIVnt, aIt VerItas. 19. Vera pIetas Vt aIt paVLVs apostoLVs, aD oMnIa est VtILIs. 20. angVsta VIa, et parVa porta est, gViE DVCIt In VItaM /ETERN^ gLorI^E. 21. Ita VIDeLICet per angVsta sVbIntraMVs In aVgVsta. 22. spatIosa VIa, et Lata JanVa est, qV.e DVCIt In aVernVM. 23. Ita VIDeLICet per aVgVsta rVentes proVehIMVr In tartara. 24. HoMo, qVI DVobVs serVIre VoLet, neVtrI satIs faCIet. 25. qVI MentIrI soLet, e6 qVanDoqVe VenIet, Vt peJerare assVesCat. 26. DeVM VerIs operIbVs, et non InanIbVs VerbIs CoLere opVs EST. 27. qVID JVVat sI MVLta ben^: C^pIstI, et In fIne tVrpIter h^sIstI ? 28. perseVerabIt VsqVe aD fIneM, hIC saLVVs erIt. DVLCe MorI JesV est, sIne qVo tVa VIta rVIna est. ^ This chronogram is faulty ; it makes 1735' 48 378 ALMANAC, 1685. MARTIUS habet dies XXXI. MILITARES CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. faVstVs annVs DVCIbVs parIter et MILItIbVs. 2. CLaMabatVr paX paX, seD non est paX. 3. DeXtera saLVatorIs faCIet VIrtVteM, et pVgnabTt pro nobIs. 4. tVrpIs eXCVsatIo est In prVDente, et In phILosopho; non pVtabaM. 5. LoNcfe Ver6 tVrpIor In eXerCItVs IMperatore proVIDo. 6. MAGNiE prVDentI^ est, In eVentV InopInato, atqVe non PRiEVISO BENfc CoNSVLeRE. 7. oMnIa proVIDere, et eXpeCtare VentVra soLIVs est sapIentIs. 8. InprIMIs VtIqVe fInIbVs hostILIs VIs, et robVr arCerI Debet. 9. qVIa VbI IntraVerIt, Leges a CaptIVIs sIbI obtrVsas non aDMIttIt. 10. beLLVM, an paX, pLVra parIat VItIa? res In DVbIo est. 11. JVs, et iEQVVM PRiE reLIqVIs In beLLIs QViERENDA sVnt. 12. nVnC non JVstVM, seD VtILe InqVIrItVr. 13. InJVsta beLLa, sVnt aVthorItatIs pVbLIC^ ConCessa MILItIbVs LatroCInIa. 14. DVM paX est, soLerter parentVr ea, qV^ beLLo sVnt oppor- tVna. 15. Vis VnIta fortIor. VIDIMVs hoC satIs eLapsIs annIs In aVstrIa. 16. qV^ MatVr^ DeLIberata fVerInt, CIto eXeqVI oportebIt. 17. CeLerItate progressVs MartIs JVVantVr ; tarDItate s^epIVs pereVnt. 18. soLVs, et FERfe VnICVs q. fabIVs tarDItate trIVMphaVIt. 19. MartIs nerVVs, peCVnIa, orDo, LeX, et panIs proVIsIo. 20. qVI eX arte pVgnare statVIt, serVet DIsCIpLInaM. 21. peCVnIa pLVrIMa pr^esIDIa eXpVgnaVIt. 22. peCVnIa MILItIbVs Dat robVr, atqVe VIres noVas. 23. Ipsa qVoqVe VICtorIa, aVro aLIqVanDo eMItVr. 24. NON nVMerVs, seD potIVs VIrtVs speCtatVr In pr^LIIs. 25. Ita aLeXanDer VIrIbVs non nVMero VICtorIas reportabat. 26. CerVI Leone DVCe pr^VaLent In beLLo IpsIs LeonIbVs CoetV DVCe. 27. VbI serI6 pVgnatVr, IbI De saLVte parVM CogItatVr. 28. DeXtera aL^ nostr^e Castra VerterVnt eXterorVM. 29. paX gLorIosa, et DIVtVrna arMIs aCqVIrItVr, 30. sVnt (DICtVM est Vere) stVLt.« sIne VIrIbVs Ir^e, 31. DVLCIa IneXpertIs arMa, fVrorqVe VIrIs. ALMANAC, 1685. 379 ■ APRILIS habet dies XXX. SENTENTI^ CANONISTIC^, SEU ECCLESIASTICS CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. LaICIs hoMInIbVs nVLLa est In spIrItVaLIa ConCessa JVrIs faCVLtas. 2. qVI aLtarI serVIVnt, eX eoDeM partICIpare possVnt. 3. si VbIqVe aLIAs, at In Ipso J Vre pr^sertIM ^^qVItas a sVperIore speCtarI Debet. 4. affeCtVs propInqVItatIs, JVra, et InstItVtores VerItatIs IM- peDIre soLet. 5. ^qVItas et JVstItIa DVLCore MIXta teneatVr. 6. qVIVIs CensetVr esse bonVs, nIsI probes, qVoD sIt MaLVs. 7. ConsVetVDo qVantVMLIbet antIqVa VerItate est InferIor. 8. aCtVs (JVXta Leges) seMper InterpretanDVs est Vt non sIt InanIs. 9. ConsVetVDInIs, et VsVs Long^VI Magna est In foro aVtho- rItas. 10. In DVbIo meLIVs est, Vt seCVrIora, et tVta seqVarIs. 11. In CLarIs, JVXta LegeM, non opVs, at neC LoCVs est Con- JeCtVrIs. 12. In DVbIo qVIsqVIs pr^sVMItVr bono proprIo ConsVLere. 13. parIa sVnt sIVe Mens operIbVs, sIVe VerbIs DeCLaretVr. 14. DVbIa pro benIgnIore parte eXpLICare JVra MonVerVnt. 15. frVstra qVIs ab eo serVarI fIDeM postVLat, CVI Ipse non serVat. 16. In DVbIo sCeLVs pr/EsVMI antIqVa JVra Vetant. 17. InDVLgentI^e non pLVs VaLent, nIsI qVantVM Verba Ipsa sonant. 18. IntentIonI JVXta LegeM serVIre Debent Verba, non Ver6 e Contra. 19. eX JVre JVrIsDICtIo Vna aLteraM non tVrbet. 20. Lege CaVetVr : VnDe JVs proDIt, InDe InterpretatIo seqVatVr. 21. aVDIta parte VtraqVe sententIaM ferrI LeX prIsCa JVbet. 22. NON Debet qVIsqVaM sVo I Vre sIne CVLpa prIVarI. 23. ebrIVs CoMparatVr fVrIoso, qVIa VterqVe parIter DeLIrat. 24. oportet, Vt LegIs obLIgatIo non eXtenDatVr VLtra eJVs fIneM. 25. QViE nVLLa Lege statVta sVnt, neqVe nos statVere DebeMVs. 26. In hIs, qV^ speCtant aD saLVteM, qVIsqVe est in sVo JVre. 27. ratIo generaLIs LegIs restrIngItVr apVD JVrIs perItos eX fIne et Mente LegIs. 28. qVI VerbIs, et qVI faCtIs IpsIs MentItVr, nIhIL DIfferVnt. 29. VnIVs testIMonIo non satIs qVoDVIs sCeLVs probatVr. 30. In rebVs obsCVrIs oportet sVpponere, qVoD est Vero sIMILIVs. In CceLestIbVs regnIs perpetVVM pasCha CeLebratVr, et aLLeLVIa CanItVr. 38o ALMANAC, 1685. MAI US habet dies XXXI. SENTENTI^ JURIDICO-CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. JVstVs pr^tor JVre, non eXeMpLIs JVDICet. 2. JVs aptanDVM est ILLls, qV^ freqVentIVs eVenIre soLent. 3. si aCtor non satIs probaVerIt, tVM reVs De JVre absoLVItVr. 4. JVs aIt: In DVbIo pr^sVMItVr pro VaLore aCtVs. 5. In DVbIo, statVs, seV sors possessorIs CensetVr VtIqVe MeLIor. 6. faCta non pr^sVMVntVr; seD ea frobarI oportet, VtI regVLa JVrIs aIt. 7. qVIsqVe natVraLIter pr^sVMItVr bonVs : Ita DoCent forIst^. 8. ConsVetVDo Magno et Vero VsV roborata, pro Lege obser- VatVr. 9. ConsVetVDo JVs trIbVere, qVIn et s^pIVs aMpLIare potest. 10. ConsVetVDInI Vt MatrI sVa In Lege reVerentIa habet Vr. 11. In DVbIIs (teXtV CLaro) benIgnIora seMper pr/eferVntVr. 12. eXCeptIo Dat regVLIs VIres, et robVr In opposItVM. 13. In rebVs aMbIgVIs opVs est serVare Verba DeCretI, aVt LegIs. 14. qVoD qVIs per aLIVM agIt, per se faCere In JVre repVtatVr. 15. InDIgnVs est aLIorVM ope, qVI sIbI opItVLarI non VeLIt, sI potest. 16. qVIsqVIs solvere non VaLet, neqVe proMIttere VaLID^ poterIt. 17. qV^ seMeL ConVenIVnt In IDentItate ratIonIs, non sepa- rantVr In ratIone JVrIs. 18. JVre qVI gaVDet sVo, sI possIt, aLIIs non faCIt InJVrIaM. 19. Ita etIaM DoLo non CensetVr agere, qVI JVre sVo VtItVr. 20. JVrIst^ traDVnt: non est regVLa sIne oMnI prorsVs eX- CeptIone. 21. JVra posterIora non Derogant prIorIbVs ; nIsI In CasIbVs per LegeM satIs eXpressIs. 22. Leges et Canones benIgnIVs InterpretanDI sVj^t, Vt serVentVr tanto proMptIVs. 23. In DVbIo pr^sVMItVr qVIsqVe bonVs, LICet non esset. 24. JVDeX non nIsI eX CVLpa pcenas MetIrI potest. 25. trIbVnaL est MessIs aVrea ; seD non hIs, qVI Ver^ JVra CVrant. 26. MarsVpIa pLena, sVnt bonI aDVoCatI, et In foro eXterno BENk VeRSAtI. 27. PECVNiiE obeDIVnt oMnIa : testantVr aVro VenaLIa JVra. 28. neMo InVenItVr, qVI se JVDICare, et absoLVere qVeat. 29. aVrea res est LIbertas, qV^ neqVe aVro, neqVe VLLo pretIo DiGNk POTEST ^estIMarI. 30. peCVnIa eVertIt fas ; et MVnera eXC^Cant oCVLos aCCIpI- entIs. 31. Vt haMIs pIsCes, esCa VoLVCres, sIC peCVnIa CapIVntVr assessores. ALMANAC, 1685, . 381 JUNIUS habet dies XXX. SENTENTIM MORALES ET ETHIC^E CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. pIaCVLa sVperIorVM s^pIVs transeVnt In sVuDItos. 2. benefICIa, VtI fLores gratIora sVnt, DVM VetVstIora non sVnt. 3. LI Ma prIVs bIs Verba ^qVet, UeIn LIngVa LoqVatVr. 4. JVDICIa VVLgI Vana sVnt, et sapIens non MetVet ea. 5. DeLICta JVVenVM In senIbVs tVrpIa sVnt. 6. nosCe teIpsVM, thaLes ^qVe breVIter atqVe sapIenter DIXIt. 7. aMorIs fVrore In passIonIbVs DICItVr nIhIL esse fVrIosIVs. 8. NON qV.e agVnt reLIqVI, seD qV^ reIpsa agI opVs est, faCI- aMVs. 9. VoX CorVI, Cras Cras ; CVM haC et pr^esens, et CrastIna pIgrIs eLabItVr ^tas. 10. VIna et MVLIeres, VtI InqVIebat sapIens, DesIpere faCIVnt Ipsos sapIentes. 11. HoC, qVI DIXIt saLoMon, eVentV satIs probaVIt. 12. natVr^ parVM satIs est: CVpIDItatI Ver6, et aVarItI^ nIhIL In orbe satIs est. 13. non Is, qVI MVLta habet; seD Is qVI non CVpIt, est fortV- natVs. 14. abstInentIa CVpIDItatVM VoLVntas Ver^ satIatVr. 15. MVnDVs opInIone regItVr; VeL Cert^ potIVs agItatVr: 16. hIC rIDet: fVrIt Iste; trahIt sVa qVeMqVe VoLVptas. 17. SapIenter sIMVL, et breVIter sapIens DIXIt seneCa : 'Ira breVIs est InsanIa.' 18. Ir.e sIMILes rVInIs, sVpra hoC, qVoD oppresserVnt, frangVntVr. 19. nIhIL ratIo Vera potest, VbI perVersVs affeCtVs DoMInatVr. 20. VIrtVs non est JVVanDa VItIo, sVaMet Contenta gLorIa. 21. qVotIes opVs est IMpetV, In aDVersa sVrgere noVIt aLaCrIter. 22. non potest esse, InqVIebat theophrastVs, qV6D VIr bonVs non IrasCatVr MaLIs. 23. at non esse VerVM, qVotIDIana FACILfc probatVr eXperIentIa. 24. IraCVnDIa, qV^ gratIs tVMVLtVatVr, gratIs se frangIt. 25. GENEROsVs anIMVs InJVrIas DespICere, VeLVt nVgas potest. 26. In rebVs aDVersIs probarI soLet, qVIs VerVs est aMICVs. 27. qVaLIs qVIsqVe In seIpso est; taLes IpsI VIDentVr etIaM aLII. 28. pLerIsqVe nobIs aLIVD agentIbVs, teMpVs frVstra eLabItVr. 29. prVDentVM est, Insana a sanIs, et noXIa ab VtILIbVs se Cernere. 30. IsTA, qV^ IgnarI faLs5 pVtant fortVn^e bona ; sVnt eJVs Vera MenDaCIa. otIa sI toLLas, CeCID^re CVpIDInIs arCVs. j QViEQVE JaCIt ferIens Ignea teLa pVer. / 382 ALMANAC, 1685. JULIUS habet dies XXXI. SENTENTI^ POLITICO CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. faVstVs sIt Iste annVs oMnIbVs bonIs, et probIs fIDeLIbVs ChrIstIanIs. 2. oMnIa LICent regIbVs, qVIbVs non eXpeDIVnt. 3. prInCIpIbVs DantVr stIpenDIa a sVbDItIs, Vt pro hIs VIgI- Lent. 4. reX qVI non noVIt DIssIMVLare, neqVe sCIet regnarp:. 5. sic PRi«sIDES pVnIant, Vt aLIqVIs non pereat, nIsI, qVeM perIre pereVntIs Interest. 6. PR.«STAT (DICIt LIpsIVs) pereat VnVs, qVaM Vt pereat VnItas. 7. qVI VIVI non proDerant prosVnt aLIqVanDo DefVnCtI. 8. aVLa, regIa VentorVM DICItVr, ab hIs, qVI n6rVnt. 9. SPES AVLICiE hIDrope VIVVnt phtysI MorIVntVr. 10. spIrantes, LoqVentes, proMIttVnt sIbI, qV^e sperarVnt, DoneC, eXspIrent. 11. trIa prIM^ ConsIDeratIonIs : LeX, reX, greX. 12. reX gregI proVIDeat, greX regI sIne reLVCtantIa obteMperet. 13. reX LegeM ponIt, greX sIbI, atqVe regI CVstoDIt. 14. LeX regeM LIgat, greX VtrIqVe regI, et LegI obeDIt. 15. orDInare possVnt : LeX sIne rege parVM, reX sIne Lege nIhIL. 16. qVo MVnDVs VenIt In sVa poLItICa VanItate? 17. sponDere MVLta serVare paVCa, est In praXI satIs VsItata sententIa. 18. fceDera, sI VtILIa sInt, serVantVr; sI non, parVM CVrantVr. 19. qVIs est Iste? VIr nobILIs In agenDIs CaVsIs oPTlMk Ves- tItVs ! 20. ORATOR, et aDVoCatVs taLIs, qVeM opes et VestItVs non sapIentIa ornaVIt. 21. RARA aVIs In MVnDo Ver^ pIVs aVLICVs Isto est. 22. fortVn.« nVnqVaM CreDIt, qVI eJVs faLsItates noVIt. 23. stVLtVM est JaCtare ataVos, et proaVos, sI non sis DIgnVs proaVIs. 24. nobILeM non genVs, non sangVIs, aVt proaVI, seD VIrtVs faCIt. 25. CoNsILIVM ET InDVstrIa VIres robVrqVe sVperat. 26. fortVna, res VItrea est, CVM spLenDet, et nItet sVbIto rVIt, ET FRANgItVr. 27. peCVnIa, CVM IpsI pLaCVerIt, eX Ipso non ILLIC6 sCrIbIt Ita. 28. aVLa est aCaDeMIa fortVn^e, trIstes eXItVs InstrVentIs. 29. In hVJVs gyMnasIo poesIs, sIVe ars fIngenDI qV^LIbet c^teras artes IngenIo sVperat. 30. JVVentVtIs InsoLentIa, senVM IgnorantIa, regentIs InCVrIa, perDIt regna. 31. qV6 qVIs aLtIore graDV steterIt, e6 MagIs qVoqVe CensVr^ patebIt. ALMANAC, 1685. 383 AUGUSTUS habet dies XXXI. SENTENTI^ PHIL OSOPHIC^- CHR ONOL O GIC^. 1. faVsta VIrIs VoVeo hIs, qVos MVLta sCIentIa aDornat. 2. POET^ nasCVntVr, rhetores fIVnt: qVID ergo phILosophI? — MorIVntVr. 3. atqVe hInC VetVs phILosophIa a pLatone, aC soCrate VoCa- batVr ; speCVLatIo MortIs. 4. RATI qVoVIs s.«CVLo, pr/EsertIM Ver6 Isto, eVaDVnt sapIentes. 5. InqVIre; et stoLones VtIqVe VIDlbIs pLVres, qVam soLoiNES. 6. qVod est CaVsa CaVs^, est CaVsa CaVsatI, sIC DICVnt phI- LosophI, 7. eX VnICo effeCtV CaVsa sIMpLICIter non CognosCItVr. 8. CaLaMVs, CIrCVLVs, et LeCtIo freqVens sCIentIas nVtrIVnt. 9. VbI est pLVs IngenII, IbI est MInVs fortVn^,, Ita DICVnt sapIentes. 10. aVrora MVsas nVtrIt, VIgILIa freqVentIor eDVCat. 11. MVnDVs opInIonIbVs sVIs VarI^ LaCeratVr. 12. sCIre VoLVnt hoMInes, seD InanIa qV^:qVe reqVIrVnt. 13. VIr bonVs (InqVIebat phILosophVs pLato) non L.eDIt: estne VerVM ? 14. DVbIto, qVIa et apIs esto sIt bona, habet aCVLeVM, qVo pVngIt. 15. sapIens pLaCIDVs, et ^qVVs est n^VIs, et errorIbVs hVManIs. 16. VetVs DogMa habetVr a phILosophIs : opVs natVr^e est opVs Intelligent!^. 17. In oMnIbVs rebVs DeVs et natVra nIhIL faCIVnt frVstra. 18. VnVs aCtVs non parIt habItVM, nIsI VaLDe IntensVs. 19. qVoDVIs teMpVs In LVCra VIt^e trahVnt sapIentIores. 20. qVIa, qVod seMeL InCVrIo fVgIt, non reVertItVr. 21. anIMantIa, qVIbVs VngVes aDVnCT, gregarIa non sVnt; 22. Ita sVnt et hoMInes, qVIbVs aCVLeVs, et spIna freqVens In ORE seDet. 23. SAPIeNS fVtVrA ATTENTk OBSErVaT, SOLIClTfe PRiEVIDET, PRV Denter proVIDet ; 24. ET qVI non pr^VIDet, IMpIngIt VeLVt brVChVs. 25. fVtVra qVIDeM Ignoro, qV^ Ver6 fIerI possVnt, non pLan^ nesCIo. 26. s^pIVs MaLa qV^eqVe bonIs VICIna esse VIDentVr. 27. sic LoLIa, AC LILIa, non nIsI VnICa DVntaXat parVa LItera Inter se DIsCrepant. 28. nVX nIsI frangatVr, nVCLeVM tIbI non DabIt. 29. ab aCtV posItIVo aD potentIaM seqVeLa ben^ InfertVr, et BENfe SEQVItVr. 30. pIgra DVntaXat IngenIa aLIorVM operIbVs Contenta sVnt. 31. MVLIeres sVnt VereCVnDIores, et sVperIores VIrIs. 384 ALMANAC, 1685, SEPTEMBER habet dies XXX. SENTENTIM MEDICO CHRONOLOGICJE. 1. NON EST Vis MeDICI, qVIVIs reLeVetVr Vt ^ger. 2. VItaM potest qVIsqVe toLLere, trIbVere non nIsI soLVs DeVs. 3. NoVI MorbI noVa parIter antIDota, noVasqVe CVratIones postVLant. 4. si qVIs VoLet DIV sanVs Manere, paVCas haVrIat sanItates; 5. InDe non paVCIs aLIen^ haVst^e sanItates exhaVserVnt sanI- tateM. 6. Vt pLVs bIbas, parVM bIbe, tVnC DIVtIVs bTbes. 7. Vt LaC InfantIbVs, Ita VInVM DatVr senIbVs. 8. qVI non est ass Vet Vs obsonIIs, sI esVrIt, ManDVCet oLVS. 9. eLIXa CItIVs DIgerVntVr, qVaM Igne tosta : 10. seD Igne tosta VIros faCIVnt robVstIores, qVaM eLIXa. 11. qVI sVnt IstI ; qVIbVs non est satIs ben^ nIsI aLIIs sIt VaLDe MaLe? 12. MeDICI et JVrIst^e, qVos non nIsI aLIena J Want Infor- tVnIa. 13. sIne MeDICo, qVI potest VIVere, feLIX et beatVs est. 14. soLI naMqVe beatI Ita Defacto VIVVnt absqVe pVrgatIone. 15. VerbIs, herbIs, et LapIDIbVs Vis non LeVIs InsIta est, aIebat heLMontIVs. 16. s^pfc CIt6 InfIrMantVr, qVI DIV bene VaLVerVnt. 17. qVIa (VtI hIppoCrates aIt) Longa sanItas propInqV^ ^grI- tVDInIs pr^sagIVM est. 18. qVI MVLta VoraVerat, qVIa non ben^ DIgessIt, regerere CogItVr. 19. DI.ETAM serVare, eXCessVs VItare, est sanItatI VtILe. 20. aVra MatVtIna, et VespertIna JVDICatVr esse saLVbrIs. 21. LVsVs MoDeratVs absqVe fatIgatIone CorporIs, InstaVrat VIres. 22. oMnIs VIoLenta eXagItatIo noXIa, et propterea CaVenDa est. 23. PRoLIXVs A pranDIo soMnVs, pIngVIorIbVs noCet ; 24. breVIter, atqVe LeVIter CaptVs, JVVat DIgestIoneM. 25. fVngI sVnt sanI, qVanDo bene eLIXI JaCtantVr per fenestraM 26. ^grItVDo Corporis, freqVenter proVenIt eX LangVore anIMI. 27. LangVorIbVs, etsI parVIs CVratIo MatVp^ aDhIbeatVr. 28. TARDfc qVyErItVr gaLenVs, VbI Mors est In ^grI faVCIbVs. 29. VIna JVVant; seD nIgra MoVet CereVIsIa fLatVs. 30. enerVant VIres baLnea, VIna, VenVs ; MeDICI aIVnt. ALMANAC, 1685. 385 OCTOBER habet dies XXXI. SENTENTIyE CECONOMICO-CHRONOLOGIC^.. 1. qVI pLVs eXpenDIt, qVAM reCIpIt, paVper fIet. 2. anteqVaM LVCra VenIant, InqVIre, VnDe, et an rIte VenIant? 3. qVIa VnVs grossVs aLIenVs, Centenos etIaM proprIos De- VorabIt. 4. qVI s^pIVs EGREGlfe LVCratVr, nonnVnqVaM EGREoIfc perDIt. 5. VerI: DICtVM : VIgILantIbVs JVra : non opVs est probare. 6. oCVLVs DoMInI sagInat eqVos : Vt est In Vetere proVerbIo. 7. et herI IntVItVs pIgros faMVLos aD opVs eXCItat. 8. eXIgVa LaVs ceConoMI est, sI non sIt proVIDVs, 9. qVaMVIs In reLIqVo sIt seDVLVs, et LaborIosVs. 10. NON est bonVs agrICoLa, qVIsqVIs eMIt ea, qV^ fVnDVs Ipse pr^stare potest. 11. qVID JVVat habere MVLta, et hIs, qV^ habes, non sCIre VtI? 12. sera est In fVnDo parsIMonIa; regVLa est eX PRy^CIpVIs Vna. 13. aVreo pIsCatVr haMo, qVI eXpenDIt pretIosa pro re frIVoLa. 14. VXoR Debet esse VIrIs VI soCIa, et non haberI pro faMVLa. 15. progenItores, qVI eX aMore parCVnt VIrgIs, oDIo habent proLes sVas. 16. eDVCatIone MVLIebrI JVVenes eVIrantVr. 17. sVos CorrVMpVnt, qVI VnIgenItIs InDVLgent. 18. JVVentVs, et pVerItIa ab assentatIone proCVL reMoVerI Debet. 19. pVerI aVDIant InstrVCtores Vera LoqVI, eosqVe tIMeant. 20. qVanDo IrasCVntVr, nIhIL eXorent, naM fIerent proterVI. 21. qVoD fLentI negatVM fVIt, hoC offerant parentes, VbI qVIetVs erIt, 22. paternas DIVItIas soLVM In aspeCtV habeant, non Ver5 In VsV. 23. sl erraVerInt, MatVre CorrIgantVr, sI Ver6 ben^ egerInt LaVDentVr. 24. DVrIS aLatVr ANIMVs, NE POSTEA GRAVIoRES ICtVs FORTVNiE sentIat. 25. VbI ratIo non VaLet, segnIbVs MetVs est InCVtIenDVs. 26. s^pIVs rIsV DIgna sVnt, qV^ pVerI LaCrIMantVrj 27. eXIgVa MagnI faCIVnt, IneptIasqVe LaVDant. 28. VItes non nIsI foDIenDo, et rIte pVtanDo eXCoLVntVr; 29. Ita et JVVentVs Magna et freqVentI CVLtVra InDIget. 30. fertILIs assIDVIs, sI non renoVetVr aratrIs, graMIna, non spICas, noXIa habebIt ager. 31. CVLtVra natVrtr fct.tVIM qVanDoqVe sVperat. 49 386 ALMANAC, 1685. NOVEMBER habet dies XXX. SENTENTLE ASCETICS CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. qVI v\k VoLVnt VIVere, perseCVtIoneM patI Debent. 2. qVI MoDICa spreVIt, In graVIora qV^qVe proLabetVr. 3. JVDICIs EST In LIte breVIs, et trIstIssIMa VoX : Ite, &c. 4. reCorDare fILI qVatVor noVIssIMa, et noXas fVgIes. 5. s^eCLa pIgrIs IbVnt, MoX gaVDIa Vana perIbVnt. 6. sCIentIa sIne sVbMIssIone reLIgIoso non proDest, qVIn potIVs noXIa est. 7. sVperbIa, aVarItIa, Ira, VenVs, et CrapVLa, trahVnt hoMInes aU tartara. 8. XaVerIana VoX, satIs; soLIs JaM est DeCantata beatIs. 9. JesVs et MarIa nostrI fIDeLes soCII In hVJVs VIt^ VIA. 10. VetVs, et VsV Vera faCta est sententIa : neMo L^DItVr, nIsI a seIpso. 11. seqVI VoLentes DVCIt benIgne; nVMen, fVgIentes Ver5 trahIt. 12. oMnes Great Vr^ qVID sVnt? nIsI VanItas, et aVra LeVIs. 13. soLVs DeVs trInVs, et VnVs Cor hoMInIs satIare potVIt. 14. fortVnatas InsVLas, paVCI InVenIVnt In MVnDo. 15. qV^rI Debent VbI fortVnatIVs reperIVntVr a Morte In CceLo. 16. hoMInIs VIta est, VeLVt VIna In fVnDo aCerba Vappa. 17. stVLtVs Is est, et erIt, MVnDI, qVI pasCVa qViERlT. 18. NIL faCIs aMbobVs, qVI Vis serVIre DVobVs. 19. trahVntVr eX ConVersatIone Mores, seD a pLerIsqVe non nIsI peJores. 20. sICVtI fLos pVLCher sIne oDore, sIC DeCor faCIeI sIne VIrtVte, est fVtILIs. 21. peregrInantes, qVI tarDIVs eXIerVnt VeLoCItate pensant Moras. 22. Ita et VIta breVIor, ferVore, zeLoqVe VIrtVtIs CoMpensanDa est. 23. sic agaMVs, Vt VeL VnVs DIes sIt Instar VIt^. 24. soLIVs DVntaXat teMporIs proCVratIo, et aVarItIa honesta est. 25. qVID JVVat pLVra sCIre, seIpsVM Vero Ignorare? 26. nosCe teIpsVM ; VoX antIqVa est prVDentIs phILosophI. 27. reLIgIosVs taLIs stVDeat esse In VIta; qVaLIs optaret In- VenIrI In Morte. 28. DeVs eXerCet serVos sVos, qVos aMat et saLVare parat. 29. MIrabILIs DeVs In sanCtIs, et In VnIVersIs operIbVs sVIs! 30. saLVos faC serVos tVos DeVs MeVs, In tVa InfInIta bonItate sperantes ! ALMANAC, 1685. 387 DECEMBER habet dies XXX[. SENTENTI^ MISCELLANEA CHRONOLOGIC^. 1. eX parVIs fIVnt Magna; sI non DesInt VInCVLa. 2. qVI Contra JVs qV^rIt, et rapIt aLIena, s^pIVs JVre MerIto perDIt proprIa. 3. qVant6 MaJor fVerIs, tanto pLVra, qV/E sVstInere CogarIs aDVersa habebIs. 4. qVI MVLta sponDent VerbIs s^pIVs paVCa pr^estant rebVs IpsIs. 5. eXperIentIa est VaLDe bona, et effICaX In rebVs MagIstra. 6. qVoD a MVLtIs qV.erItVr, CItIVs reperItVr. 7. rerVM prInCIpIa sVnt aLIqVanDo In arbItrIo, et VIrIbVs nostrIs ; 8. seD eorVM progressVs sVA VI noLentes s^pIVs In pr^Ceps abrIpIVnt. 9. PRONA sVnt, Vt LabantVr, QViE absqVe fVnDaMento CreV^re. 10. In VIrIs aLIqVanDo pVerILIa et MVLIebrIa sVnt IngenIa. 11. QViE natVrI sVa InfIrMa et DebILIa sVnt, qVerVLa parIter ESSE SOLeNT. 12. In syLVestrI Vepreto fICVs, aVt poMa penDentIa, qVIs qV^ret? 13. qVI Contra oMnes LoqVItVr, eI fIDes VnI, parVa habetVr. 14. Vetera LaVDantVr, noVa taMen aCtV prveferVntVr. 15. fortVna IraCVnDIaM nVtrIre soLet In JVVentVte. 16. angVsta est VIrtVs, aVt InnoCentIa, sI aD Leges tantVM bonVs fIas. 17. bos LassVs, Vt aIt sanCtVs hIeronyMVs, fortIVs fIgIt peDes sVos. 18. MIserI eX qVaLIbet re aVgVrIa Captant fortVn^e perDIt^. 19. HoMo sanVs, sV^^qVe VoLVntatIs, non Debet se obstrIngere LegIbVs aLIenIs. 20. qVI ossa DVra, sIVe saXa roDIt faCILe sVos Dentes frangIt. 21. neC LaVrI VbIqVe CresCVnt, neC LILIa qVoVJs teMpore fLorere so Lent. 22. NON qVantVM In re Ipsa, seD qVanto affeCtV LargIarIs, qVterItVr. 23. gratIa, qV^ petItVr, etsI fIat, MeUIa eX parte soLVta CensetVr. 24. non tVLIt gratIs, qVI tantVM, qVanDo rogaVIt, tVnc obtInet. 25. DVLCIoR EST JesVs, qVAM qVIVIs gratIor esVs. 26. pLVra DoCet, et POTEST Vna gratIa, qVAM In VtroqVe JVre perItIa. 27. DVLCIa gVstabIt, qVIsqVIs gVstaVIt aMara. 28. FACILfc paVpertas Intrat, qVanDo eXItVs est MaJor IngressV. 29. PR^VIsA JaCVLa MInVs ferIVnt, In qVos tenDVnt. 30. ET genVs et proaVos, et qV.e non feCIMVs ante 1 non ea nostra pVto: nobILIs InDe qVIs est? / 31. LaVs Vera et VIrtVs, tIbI sIt reX ChrIste reDeMptur. 388 ALMANAC, 1685. The whole of the almanac, and of the appendix down to the last word, is in Latin, and must have been designed for the use only of specially educated persons. The subject continues with ' astrological ' observations, eclipses, etc., calculated for the latitude of Tyrnau ; a chapter of 100 economic remarks how and when to get rid of noxious animals and insects ; a chapter about the war with Turkey ; a chapter of ascetic maxims and reflections for each day in the year ; a long treatise on optical science ; a chronological synopsis, commencing with the year i, of religious and political matter ; the periods and dates of the founding of towns and universities, and ' miscellaneous things '; an ephemeris of events in Bavarian history arranged in monthly groups ; and, lastly, a chronological appendix of the rulers of Eavaria from Theodore I. in the year 508 down to Maximilian Emmanuel, Duke of Bavaria, then reigning, who is No, 62 on the list, * Vivat, Triumphet !' XXXIII. ANOTHER IDIOT.— DRAMA.— JESUIT COLLEGE EXERCISES.— A DUTCH GOLDEN WEDDING MEMORIAL. VERY curious work is here introduced under the pseudonym of ALTER iDioTA, the leading words of the title-page. It is not altogether clear why the appellation was adopted by the author ; although it may seem to us trivial, it must have conveyed some meaning to the contemporary reader, and it will presently appear that it was in imitation of an earlier work, to which the one now to be described was a sequence. The entire volume is devoted to the praises of the Virgin Mary ; it is a small quarto size of over 314 pages, printed at Salz- burg in 1663. The subject, in Latin throughout, consists of passages quoted from the Bible, and from the writings of saints, commentators, and early expounders of Christian doctrine; the author connects these together by laudatory and devotional sentences composed in chronograms of the year 1663, No less than 2,727 of such chronograms are conspicuous in bold type from beginning to end of the book ; it certainly is a remarkable produc- tion, but calculated to repel rather than encourage the seriously disposed reader, by the highly developed chronogram matic feature. The author was a parish priest, named Mauritius Nagengast ; the book is a rare one, and almost unknown among bibliophiles — even the author's name is a stranger to the catalogues of the British Museum and Bodleian libraries, as well as to book- sellers' catalogues here and abroad. A short time ago a copy (the only one I know of) reached the library of the Rev. W. Begley, who allows me the use of it on the present occasion. I subjoin transcripts of the title-pages and a few extracts from other parts of the volume ; the dates added are my own reckonings of the chronograms ; I must say, however, that the book could only be worthily represented by an entire reprint. The first title-page is as follows : 390 ANOTHER IDIOT. aLter IDIota seV parVa enCoMIa : h. e. LaVDes SACRATiE SeMpER VIrgInIs, e poLo, nobIs Contra hostes DantIs VIrtVteM, ab eIVsDeM, Inter pIos CVLtores, soDaLI, pro nVMero CVrrentIs annI, reCenter ChronographICo CaLaMo eX saCra pagIna ConsIgnat^, et In pVbLICVM eDIT^, aVthore MaVrIt: nagengast pastore, et J-^ 1663 DeCano In zeILorn. Eccles. 24.1 Qui edunt me, adhuc esuriunt : et Cant. 2.^ Frudus ejus dulcis gutturi nieo. ANNO \ a qVo, eX b. VIrgIne totI MVnDo, Vera V= 1663 LVX, paX, et saLVs est orta. J }- 1663 }= 1663 1663 1663 1663 [= 1663 1663 In saLtzbVrg 1 gg DrVCts Iohann baptIst Mayr.^ / ^ At page 7 1 the writings of Cardinal Hugo are quoted : ' Quando DEUS creavit universam banc mundi machinam, duo earn, Gen. i, legitur fecisse magnge molis lumina, solem scilicet, et Lunam, Luminare majus, ut praeesset diei : et Luminare minus, ut praeesset nocti.' PER h^eC DVo pr^sIgnIa LVMIna, = 1663 NON aLIa MIsTlCfe ostenDVntVr, = 1663 nIsI soLVs ChrIstVs, reDeMptor noster, = 1663 neC NON aLMa DeI genItrIX: = 1663 enIMVero soL radIans est ChrIstVs, = 1663 qVI DIeI LVCeM pr^bet, = 1663 ID est IVsto : LVna sanCta MarIa, = 1663 In frIgIDa noCte pr^bVIt fVLgoreM, {sic) - 1664 HoC est, fVrVo MortaLI Detento In tenebrIs = 1663 DeLICtorVM. Ita InterpretatVr = 1663 PRiENoMlNATVs hVgo CarDInaLIs. = 1663 ^ Ecclus. xxiv. 29, Vulgate version. ^ Song of Solomon ii. 3, Vulgate version. ' Observe this very rare form of imprint ; the place and the printer's name form a chronogram of the date. Another example is at ' Applausus Metricus.' See index. ANOTHER IDIOT. Another extract, from page 142, alludes to the name assumed by the author, suggested by an earlier use thereof, as presently explained — 'pVLCHRk, ET pik IdIota, seD re Ipsa non IDIota, pr^-\_ sIgnIs / ~ VIr, et aLIas APPRlMfc DoCtVs, = In ConteMpLatIone DeIpar^ VIrgInIs egregIe aIt, = ' Tota pulchra es Virgo gloriosissima, non in parte, sed in toto, et macula peccati sive mortalis, sive venialis, sive originalis non est in te,' etc., etc. At page 277 there is an appendix, with the title-page as follows — IDIOTyE soLers aVCtarIVM In honoreM DeI, et IpsIVs gLorIos.e genItrICIs B. MarI/e NON PROCVL AB OPPIDo NOViE OETl'lNGiE,! in VeterI pr^CeLso, perCeLebrI et MIraCVLoso saCeLLo, oLIM a pagana gente eX^eDIfICato, in qVo septeM pLanet^e sVPERSTlTlOsfc saCro honore aDoratI sICVt CeLL^ arCVat^ In orbeM FACTiE CLARk. sIgnant, prIsCIqVe annaLes ManIfest^ proDVnt, a s. rVperto LaVDatIssIMo epIsCopo, MagnoqVe baVarI^ apostoLo rItI: DICato, proDIt In pVbLICVM, anno beneDICta tV Inter MVLIres. 391 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 1663 A hymn and a laudation to the * glorious Virgin * of Ottingen, filling fifteen pages, and entirely in prose chronogram of 1663, next follows, signed thus at the end by the author — DeVotIssIMVs CLIens, = 1663 MaVrIt: nagengast \_ ^^ pastor et DeCanVs In zeILorn. / ~ ^ ^ At page 296 there is an additional appendix with a title-page similar in form to the preceding one, wherein the subject is brought to a con- ^ Neu-Oetting, between Munich and Linz, and near to a celebrated pilgrimage-church which possesses a miraculous picture of the Virgin, said to have been brought from the East in the seventh century. 39;? ANOTHER IDIOT. elusion. A singular feature in the book appears at page 318, where the author addresses the reader entirely in chronogram, craving pardon for all errors of the press, of which about 120 are specified as being of the * graver sort ' and to be corrected. An * erratum ' in this form, I am inclined to say, is unique ; it is as follows — aD LeCtoreM \_ ,, sVbIntrat aVthor, et pro fIne aIt, / ~" ^ ^ si FORSAN ERROR InCIDeT, VeLVt HOMo ERRO, ET FATEOR, = 1663 NGN sIne CVLpa esse aVIDItateM, = 1663 FESTiNk reM eXpLICanDI. = 1663 fated ergo erroreM eX ContrarIo aDagIo: festIna Lente= 1663 qVIa nJL reCte orDInatVM, = 1663 qVoD VeLoCIter nIMIs. = 1663 AT errata, et DeLICta nostra qVIs enVMerabIt? = 1663 qVIs hoMo sIne offenDICVLo? = 1663 Et qitis liber a mentis liber ? Fix ullus in orbe, Semper habent mendas, devia prczla suas. EA PROPTER De Ccetero, Vt IDIot^ InDVLgeas, = 1663 VeL Vt IDIotuM CorrIgas, rogo {sic). = 1663 et sI ego Ignorans, MeLIora fVero eDoCtVs, = 1663 bono MagIstro, DIsCIpVLVs parebo, = 1663 te InsVper In DoMIno, ben^ VaLere preCor. = 1663 pro anno IesV DVLCIssIMI. = 1664 The beginning of the title-page of the book will admit of this translation: Another ^ Idiot,' otherwise small praises ; i.e., eulogies on the ever-blessed Virgin, etc. The leading word here means a simple or unlearned person. The work itself is doubtless in imitation of an earlier work in the fourteenth century, of which Raymundus Jordan was the writer. He was an Augustine Canon, ' provost ' of Uzes, near Nimes, in France, in 1384; afterwards Abbot of Celles, in the diocese of Bourges. He was known by the pseudonym of 'The Idiot,' or the ' Learned Idiot,' until the time when Theophilus Raynaud, a Jesuit author, discovered his manuscripts, which he edited and printed in 1638 and 1654. The edition comprises 'Meditations on the Virgin Mary'; a treatise on the 'Religious Life'; and 'The Mystic Eye.' The imitation (the work of Nagengast) made its appearance in 1663 in the shape of the chronogrammatic book by the 'other idiot,' who, in one of the passages I have extracted from page 142, alludes to the original ' idiot ' as twt at all an idiot, but a most remarkable man especially learned. Before the discovery made by Raynaud, Genebrard, Tritheim, and other writers had placed Jordan in the ninth century. See ' Nouvelle Biographic generale,' xxxvi. 913, under the title R. Jordan ; also Backer's ' Bibliotheque des ecrivains de la compagnie de Jesus,' iii. 64, under the title T. Raynaud, No. 39. CORRECTION OF THE CALENDAR. 393 THE accumulated errors in the calendar, caused by what is known in the science of astronomy as the precession of the equinoxes, have from time to time been corrected. The matter may be thus briefly explained. The ancient Romans in their day revised the reckoning, and Julius Caesar fixed the solar year at 365 days and 6 hours, the six hours being set aside every 4 years, so forming a day ; the fourth year was made to consist of 366 days, and was called bissex- tile, or leap-year. This calendar, however, was defective, as the solar year consists of 365 days 5 hours 49 minutes and 12 seconds. The difference in the i6th century amounted to above 10 days by the accumulation of the odd minutes, the vernal equinox falHng on the I ith instead of 21st March. To obviate this error. Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582 ordained that thai year should consist of 356 days only (October 5 became October 15) ; and to prevent further irregularity it was determined that a year beginning a century should not be bissex- tile, with the exception of that beginning each fourth century ; thus 1700 and 1800 have not been bissextile, nor will 1900 be so, but the year 2000 will be a leap-year. In this manner three days are re- trenched in 400 years because the lapse of eleven minutes makes 3 days in about that period. The year of the calendar is thus made as nearly as possible to correspond with the true solar year.^ Thus arose the terms "Gregorian calendar," "Old style," and "New style," the latter has been adopted by all Christian countries except Russia and countries where the Greek Church is upheld. The change was opposed at some places where Roman Catholics and Protestants were living together, causing confusion and quarrels ; at Augsburg disturbances lasted several years. In fear of a repetition of strife it was finally agreed by the German States, in 1699, that in the following year eleven days should be struck out of the calendar, and that new style should be adopted, pursuant to proclamations issued for the several states. It appears from Zedler's 'Universal Lexicon,' vol. xvii., 350, that the Pope issued a mandamus for altering the German almanac of saints' days, and that the following epigram was made in derision of the circumstance and to mark the date — geenDerter aLter aLManaCh. = 1700 Verbum Mandamus, Papse deterruit polim Dissentientes in fide imperii ordines, Quo minus acciperent signantes tempora Fastos, Quos Pontifex Gregorius emendaverat. Sponte sed hoc anno ManData aCCepta videmus = 1 700 Talesque sunt rerum vicissitudines. Another amusing chronogram to mark the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, is recorded at page 523 of Chronograms Continued. 1 See also ' Handy- Book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era.' By J, J. Bond. A most useful work. SO 394 DRA MA . —MA GIC SQUA RES. A CURIOUS and rare tract (folio size, pp. 14) deserves notice, though it is but slightly chronogrammatic. The subject is descriptive of a dramatic recital at the University of Culm, in Northern Germany, formerly within the kingdom of Poland, composed by a professor of poetry there named Joseph Szpadrowski. An introduction in Latin, with a parallel version in the Polish language, fills three pages; it conveys Christian teaching and Roman doctrines. The ' argument ' of the drama, also in the two languages, occupies the rest of the tract. The title-page runs thus— 'Triumphus humilitatis de superbia reportatus, in persona Esther et Mardochsei sub scenico apparatu in theatre Culmensis academiae,' etc. ANNO, QUEM In sIgnIs IstIs IVnCta CoLVMna DabIt. -= 1767 190 199 792 223 361! X45 786 269 205 360 216 703 356 121 1 369 394 509 82 1 420 360 179 85 330 641 1 530 200 461 719 205 180 202 354 100 330 779 300 500 356 400 209 341 177 185 660 402 [ 722 273 405 170 195 219 230 348 571 397 416 401 5961 112 240 220 301 356 820 68 610 600 106 : 89 360 300 233 359 173 700 DRAMA.— MAGIC SQUARES. 395 Besides this, the title-page contains another chronogram of the date 1765, combined with some other arrangement of figures and signs intended to express the year, month, and day, which, it must be con- fessed, are obscure. The date made by the squares is that of the occasion of the recital of the drama, namely, 1765; the chronogram preceding them makes 1767, the date of printing the tract. There is no date in plain figures anywhere in the tract, nor are there any more chronograms. This is a single instance within my experience of the association of 'magic squares' with chronograms to indicate a date. The term is applied to an arrangement of numbers in a square, so that, as in this instance, the vertical and horizontal columns, as well as the diagonal sets of numbers from each corner, shall give the same totals when added up. Such arrangements were known very early to the Hindoos, Egyptians, and Chinese, among whom, as also among Europeans of the Middle Ages, a belief existed that magic squares had astrological and divinatory qualities. Emanuel Moschopulus, of Constantinople, wrote them in Greek in the middle of the fifteenth century. The method of constructing them is tedious; it will be found well explained in the ninth edition of the ' Encyclopaedia Britannica,' vol. xv., p. 213, where it is also mentioned that a very complete bibliographical index of writers on the subject is given in Professor Lucas's 'Recreations Mathematiques,' Paris, 1882. See also a little work, 'Recreations with Magic Squares,' by 'Cavendish,' pub- lished in 1894 by De La Rue, London. DRAMA IN CHRONOGRAM. A PLAY composed in chronogram form is indeed a rarity ! In making this remark one must bear in mind the exigency of a style of composition wherein the leading purpose is the use of words required to make the particular date, and, possibly, to arrange them in metre and rhyme. Elegance of language must be a secondary con- sideration until the first point is effected, even though the author feels that a reasonable amount of this quality is needful to please an audience. And let it also be noticed that although a play so composed may be read, and even appreciated, the chronogrammatic element must fail to convey any particular meaning when recited before an audience. However this may be, and notwithstanding all such diffi- culties, the work has been accomplished, the play has been written, and has also been acted. This fact I learn from a tract recently arrived from abroad, the only one of the kind it has ever been my good fortune to know of; it is a chronogrammatic effort that is probably unique. The tract is a most rare one, belonging to the Rev. Walter Begley. It consists of 29 quarto pages numbered i to 21, where it stops; the 396 DRAMA IN CHRONOGRAM. pages which should follow are wanting. The play is brought down to the end of scene iv. of the third act, which is clearly not the conclusion of the play. So far, the dialogue consists of 867 rhyming lines in the Flemish language — how many may be wanting I cannot tell, because I know of no other copy, and the bookseller at Brussels from whom the tract came has no knowledge that another copy, or a perfect one, exists. The title-page is as follows : ' Tooneel der on-gebreydelde liefde Vertoonende met zege-prael van een blyd' eynde-spel naer druck geluck, in jaer-tellende vaersen gestelt door Joannes Elincx, verthoont door de tuchtige Const-Lief-hebbers der Reden-Rycke Guide van St. Jan, geseyt, de Peoene, Op den 22 Feb. 1688 ende volgende daegen.' Printed at Mechelen. There are six pages of introduction and explana- tion. At page I of the play, one of the characters, * Theodosia in mans habyt,' speaks — T'gen aerDts Is kan Die VreUght Van het geLUCk Vast DWInghen, = 1688 Ja tUssChen 't sUet gestreeL, D'on-troUW Vreglft VerMInghen : = 1688 De gQnst Van het geLUk Die VoeYt haer VreUght aen DrUCk. = 1688 DoorWeVen Wirt sV Vast Met anghst en on-gheLUCk : etc., etc. = 1688 These are but specimens of the lines as they are throughout the play ; they are 867 in number. All are rhyming, and each is a chrono- gram of the year 1688. The print is rough and somewhat defective. In giving this further explanation, I quote some remarks by the owner of the book. The title-page says the play was acted on February 22, 1688, and on following days. The actors were members of the Guild of St. John, known by the name of De Peone. This guild seems to have been a private society, where members met for intellectual recrea- tion and exercise, and especially for the purpose of debating and im- provement in the art of rhetoric. They had a large room for their meetings, for the dedication speaks of a certain proverb to be seen (probably on the walls) ' en onse Gamer de Peoen,' and no doubt the play was acted there. The actors would be chiefly young students, as may be met with at the English Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. A DUTCH DRAMA. AN old play in the Flemish language, printed at Bruges, 1720, pp. 72, contains twenty-two chronograms of that date. The title is, 'Bly-eyndigh truer-spel. De Goddelijcke Voorsienigheyd beproeft, in Bertulpho en Ansberta,' etc. This is at the conclusion of the title— A DUTCH DRAMA, 397 Hif:C CernIte seqVentIa, De DIVa proVIDentIa. = 1720 besIet hIer 't gene zY geseYt ) _ Van D'hooChste goDts VoorsIenICheYD. /~ ^7^° The book is dedicated by the author to Mr. Maurinus de Vos, and is thus subscribed, ' Myn heer, Uwen Stand- vastighen Vriend, aen U. E. bekent.' Thus the name of the author is not disclosed. "J he leading characters in the play are Bertulphus and Ansberta. The scene is laid in Germany. The frontispiece is emblematical of the marriage of these two persons, and exhibits two chronograms on scrolls borne on high by two winged children — GEDENCk VVeerDIghste VoorsIenICheYD. = 1720 reCht trsUVVIgeMInnICheYD (stc). = 1720 The remaining chronograms are in the Flemish language in the dedication and introduction ; also as mottoes at the commencement or end of each act, and in the colophon — all making the date 1720. One cannot imagine a ' book of the words' adorned with chronograms being disposed of by the attendants at a modern theatre. TJIE PRAGUE PEST-PLAY. * OPIEGEL des Pragerischen Elends ' is the beginning of a verbose v3 title-page, meaning ' The Drama of Prague's Grief,' written in 1680, the time of the pestilence at the city of Prague, in the German language mixed with Latin, by P. R. Redlich, hospital physician, 4to., pp. 74. Printed at the Jesuits' College at Prague, 1682. A copy is in my possession. The subject has both a religious and medical motive ; it contains but four chronograms. This one, at page 71, is the date of the book and end of the subject — ChrIstVs fortItVDo Mea, sanItas, ] VerItas, saLVs et VIta. ^= 1682 fInIs. I Another on the same page applies to the pestilence at Vienna — CessabIt pestIs noXIa restaVrato CVLtV siNfe MaCVLa Concepts VIrgInIs, renoVata forI IVstItIa, pVnIta VsVrIa PR a V It ate. i.e.^ The noxious pest will cease when the worship of the Virgin's Con- ception-withoutspot is restored, when the administration of justice is re- newed, and when usury and depravity are punished. 1679 398 THE PRAGUE PEST-PLAY. On the back of the title-page is the following chronogram, the words of the first line occur frequently in epitaphs — Chronosticon amii post fugam pest is. hoDIe MIhI, Cras tIbI O PRAGA VIVe, fLore, VIre, VIge regI et posterItatI. Chronosticon Anni Pestis. Spoken by ' Theophilia ' IntIMa est Deo et pestIferIs LIbenter L At page 24. and ' Pestis.' T.— CharItas serVIre. P. — ego fVgIentes breVI InseqVar. J Duo Monosticha Cabalistica R. P. Antonii Hoffman S. J. quae mihi in Lazaretho strenae loco obtulit. (Hexameters.) 1. Enormem banc removet Divina Potentia Pestem 240 52 470 263 365 290 2. Mortem non metuant depulsa Peste fideles. 295 130 476 380 260 139 Summa Summarum utrobique ; 1680. A key to fit this cabala will be found at page 247 ante. 1681 1680 COLLEGE EXERCISES. A VOLUME of scholastic exercises and declamations at certain Jesuit colleges (at Ratisbon, Ingoldstadt, and Augsburg), entitled ' Flores Poetico-rhetorici, tum sacri, tum scholastici.' . . . Authore P. Ferdinando Plueber, Societatis Jesu sacerdote, etc. . . . Printed at Munich, 1747, 4to., pp. 320. The compositions are in one place designated as 'iheatrales poetico rhetoricse exercitationes.' With the subjects of them generally we have no special concern here ; they are mostly in colloquial Latin, readable and entertaining, with a sprinkling of verse and poetry. A place therein is found for chrono- grams in a way to suggest that the academical curriculum included that kind of composition. From the large quantity of chronograms that from time to time have been put into print by the Jesuits, it may be inferred that they found favour at the colleges of that society. A copy of the work is in my possession. The first chronograms appear at page 223 in an 'exercise ' bearing this title, ' Inscriptiones pro Festo Theophorise Ratisbonse post pestem anno mdccxiii. grassantem ; anno mdccxiv. sublatam solenne Te Deum laudamus,' illustrated by imaginary pictures applicable to accom- panying verses exhibited in churches in the town of Ratisbon ; a sort of thanksgiving on the cessation of the pestilence which had prevailed COLLEGE EXERCISES. 399 in the years 1713 and 17 14. To a picture of Ratisbon thus afflicted belonged this inscription — Ob depulsum pcstilentiae malum. qVoD CcepIt Labente Mense JVLIo, = 1713 aC ConseqVente Mense JanVarIo DesIIt. = 1714 Inscription No. i belonged to a picture of the patron St. Peter at the cathedral church — Te Deum Laudamus. sInt nVMInI LaVDes, aC gLorIa ! = 1714 Quae tot in nos spicula victrix jecit; Ipsa DenIqVe Mors VICta JaCet. = 17 14 Mors victa jacet? summi cui Reges subjacent ? Quis ergo vicit ? vincere qui solus potuit. sCIs? VIt^:, aC MortIs arbIter DeVs. = 1714 Hie Ratisbona mortem cedere jubet : oCIVs Mors IVssa CeDIt, abIt. = 17 14 Merito igitur Nos, a morte quos servasti, Te Deum laudamus ; Mors, cui imperasti, suum Te Dominum confitetur. Inscription No. 2. The monastery of St. Emmeran at Ratisbon. [This saint was patron of the city. He was most barbarously murdered in the year 603. See ' Lives of Saints,' 23rd September.] Some verses begin — JesV YItm, aC neCIs UoMIne ! = 17 14 and conclude with this adscription, Nostrum te patrem hInC JVrk DICIMVS. = 1714 Inscription 3. St. Erhard, patron of the ' Imperialis Parthenon Inferior' Church. [See 'Lives of Saints,' loth February.] Verses begin — lo ! lo ! pLaVDIte angeLorVM ChorI ! = 17 14 and conclude ^ternVM sIne fIne tIbI CantanDo sanCtVs. = 1714 Inscription 4. Saint Hemma in royal robes, the founder of the church ' Imperialis Parthenon Superior.' The first stanza — gLorIare IesV DVLCIssIMe ! = 1714 Exinanisti te totum in Eucharistia ; En tamen totum caelum imples : VnDe pLenI sVnt C^LI MaJestatIs ! = 17 14 Glorias tuae. Inscription 5. St. James in a pilgrim's dress at the monastery dedicated to him. The first stanza of verses — gLorIose apostoLe IaCobe, IberVM sIDVs ! = 1714 Cur heu ! tuum circa festum pestem subire pennisisti ? aLIas patronVs epIDeMIC^ LVIs? = 1714 An impedire non poteras ? 400 COLLEGE EXERCISES. Inscription 6. St. Henry, the founder of a collegiate church. [There are five saints of this name in ' Lives of Saints.' This one is probably the Emperor Henry H., who was born 972, died 1024.] The verses begin — sanCte henrICe, DeI gratIa IMperator aVgVste ! = 1714 Potens si ullus fuit, qui per Europam In ecclesia Romana Deum confessus est, certe et tu eras. Hinc fugere quod debuerit, invita licet, Mors tVIs aDsCrIbIt preCIbVs. = 1714 Cur autem tibi tam prompta obediit, dominari assueta mors ? Quid mirum ? Sanctus eras et Imperator simul. In hac vita Imperator Mortalium : In vita seterna Imperator Mortis. Inscription 7. The collegiate church of St. John Baptist. Magne reX gLorI^e, ChrIste: soboLes DeI patrIs ! etc. = 17 14 Inscription 8. St. Blazius. This line occurs — sanCta MarIa, sanCta DeI genItrIX. = 17 14 Inscription 9. St. Augustine. The verses begin — arbIter MortIs eVCharIstICe DeVs ! = 1714 Inscription 10. St. Franciscus in Minorites dress. The verses begin — eLeCte mi IesV, tV seDes In gLorIa = 17 14 Inscription 11. St. Mathias, patron of the church and monastery of the Capucins. Verses — Praeteritus annus Videbatur nobis minitari Diem Extremum, aC IVDICIVM: = 17 13 oCtoDeCIM VIVIs =1713 Ad mortuos relegatis. hIC VItaM CVstoDIt. = 17 13 Die, quis annus feUcior ? etc. Inscription 12. The Carmelites' church and monastery, St. Joseph holding a lily looking towards them. These lines occur in the verses — Quin, tua protegente nos dextera, DeVICt^, JaCentIqVe MortI = 17 14 InsVLtare sIne DaMno LICVIt. = 17 14 Inscription 13. The monastery called St. Clara, the patron 'Saint Magdalena ' praying and St. Clara adoring. The verses begin — fIDe IesV, CceLItVM gLorIa ! = 1714 Promisisti nobis aeternam gloriam ; Ah ! quando igitur, hac tecum in gloria Vivemus inter coelites ? etc. COLLEGE EXERCISES. Inscription 15. The Jesuits' college. This line occurs — naM soCII IesV, aC h^reDes IesV Utique idem sunt? 401 Inscription 14. The monastery of St. Cross : Christ on the cross. The verses begin — LaVDes sInt MILLe tIbI saLVator ! = 1714 Olim in cruce salvasti populum tuum. 1714 Inscription 16. The clergy not belonging to collegiate churches. The verses conclude, in allusion to the Virgin Mary — IntIMo eX CorDe tIbI Cantat, =. 17 14 In te Domine speravi ; non confundar in aeternum. ■***■ Another ' exercise ' at page 236 — ' Elogia sacra in solemni apotheosi S. Joannis Nepomuceni. Plausus astrorum coelestium de novo terrestri sydere in coelos recepto. Sive S. Joannes Nepomucenus prodigiosis in morte stellis coronatus anno 1383, quo gloriosus martyr obiit. Duodenis illustratus symbolis anno 1729.' qVo roM^, sVeto rItV, "i _ sanCtIs aDsCrIptVs fVIt. /" ^^29 John of Nepomuc was drowned in 1383, and was sanctified by the Pope in 1729. He has been greatly extolled by chronograms, as noticed in my former volumes, and may be gathered by referring to the indexes of those volumes. The present 'exercise' is entirely in verse in twelve divisions, wherein a few scattered chronogram lines occur, thus — petrVs In sanCto Ioanne nepoMVCeno reDIVIVVs. = 1729 In aqVIs trIVMphaLI DonatVs tVnC LaVrea. = 1729 MVta, seD InCorrVpta LIngVa satIs LoqVItVr. = 1729 sIgILLVM In ConfessIone DatVr, serVatVrqVe. = 1729 eCCe ! qVantVs sIt Ioannes ! MagnVs DeI thesaVrarIVs. = 1729 reX, Ipso Coronato DaVIDe, DIgnIVs CoronatVs. = 1729 Vt serVVs, CVLtor, aMator fIDeLIs In VIta. = 1729 feLIX, qVIa DeVotVs, MarI^ CLIens ! = 1729 nVnqVID sanCtVs ILLVstrIssIMVs? = 1729 Pontus pontem non fert ; At per te mundus ; e quo, ad littus coeli clientes tui. Inter aqVas, qVasI sVpra ponteM, seCVrI InCeDVnt = 1729 . . . Gaude igitur feLIX nobILItas sVb sanCto tVo, Ioanne De nepoMVk. = 1729 Tutus est VERk nobILIs sanCtVs, Vtpote nobILIbVs aDe6 aMatVs. ■= 1729 5» 403 ST. JOHN OF NEPOMUK. VnDe IaM CVLtVs Iste VnIVersaLIs? VnDe tIbI VnI? Vt nVLLI sanCtorVM ? Meritb terra proin tota CVLtV Manet VnIVersaLI tIbI DeVota; Cum tu quoque sis thaVMatVrgVs De CceLo, VnIVersaLIs In terrIs. = 1729 = 1729 1729 XXXIV. A DUTCH MANUSCRIPT- BOOK.— A DUTCH GOLDEN WEDDING.— ENGRAVED SILVER. HAVE to place on record a volume in my possession which, in all probability, is unique. It is a folio in size, a trifle over lo by 7 inches. It consists of thirty-two vellum leaves inter- leaved with paper to protect the vellum surfaces ; the contents are entirely in the Dutch language. The date 1557 is at the foot of the front page, which tells that the book belongs to Claes^ Burchman Dobbezoon at the last stage near St. Anthony's Gate [at Amsterdam ?]. The vellum leaves are written on both sides, with two or three prose or verse sentences in varied styles of penmanship, with large capital letters beautiful in form and ornament ; it is a fine specimen of Dutch calligraphy in black ink, with occasional letters in red, and there we reach the chief point of interest connected with the manuscript : every sentence or set of rhyming lines is a chronogram. They are 165 in number, the red letters being the numerals, and so far as they can be satisfactorily deciphered, they represent the date 1567. To anyone not familiar with the Dutch language they are difficult reading, in consequence of the fanciful form of many of the letters — a difficulty not so troublesome in dealing with Latin chronograms obscurely written, when by means of the context it is easy to determine what the words should be. Some help is given on the sixth and eleventh pages, where alpha- bets are written showing the different forms of capital and small letters u^ed in the manuscript, while the ornamental capital letters in great variety of draw- ing which commence every sentence are more easily recognised by their alphabetical sequence. One object of the book seems to be to convey moral instruction, though it is presented in a puzzling form ; some of the sentences in fanciful writing almost dazzle the eyesight of the reader endeavouring to make out their meaning. The owner of the book has already been mentioned. The penman who wrote it was H. H. Van Haeften. The following chronograms, on opposite sides of the front page, record the two individuals. The letter Y counts as = 2 ; the letters D are not reckoned anywhere as numerals, according to the Dutch method. ^ The Dutch form of the name Nicholas. 404 A DUTCH MANUSCRIPT-BOOK dIt boeCk behoort toe CLaes bUrChMan dobbeszoon, WCENENDE OP DEN LaSTAGIe bY sINT ANTHONIs POORT, dIet daer wederbrfnghen saL hebben gods Loon, ENDE SOE aL WAT DAN VOORT DAER TOE BEHOORT. Actum Anno 1567. henderTCk henderICks Van haeften aL dIt boeCk Met' der penne ghedaen OP DEN NEGENDE oCTOBER, ANNO SOE GhY IN DESE TWIe regVLen weL sIet s'taen. On the last written page of the book the Writer of it concludes with a sort of monogram of his name and date — Soe gedahen Anno (M, j^.^XVUU = 1567 15G8 In order to edit this fine manuscript as it deserves, it would be necessary to have a good knowledge of the Dutch language and the style of writing as it was three hundred and fifty years ago. The three accompanying illustrations are facsimiles of the front page or title, the page commencing with the letter I, and that with the letter X. A different style of writing is to be seen on every page. 1568 A DUTCH GOLDEN WEDDING. THE following five pages were originally printed for private circu- lation, after having been read at the Royal Archaeological Institute. The frontispiece to this volume is a facsimile, slightly re- duced from the actual size, representing an object in my possession which, after considering all that appears on its surface, will be regarded as curious and unique. It is a flat plate of silver of considerable thick- ness, gilt on both sides, of Dutch make, 8 inches by 6 in extreme dimensions, weighing 9 ounces, and elaborately engraved on one face with ornament and inscriptions. It is a memorial gift from a family of children and grandchildren to an aged couple on their golden wedding. It is in the shape of a heart surmounted by a coronet showing five conventional (strawberry ?) leaves ; the engraved design presents two winged or ' angelic ' youthful human half-figures, stretching forwards on either side, each blowing a trumpet projecting beyond the general outline of the work, and supporting tiie coronet by their uplifted hands. Behind them are clouds from which issue two human arms with hands joined ; beneath are tv^o human hearts pierced HtJ>occk bthoctf( ^mxnoirraacr^ foe bcPioorf^, J. 6. 6^. i^^ •^ Si' » M^M ^0^ O^ ^-r^ w^ C3 ,^S A DUTCH GOLDEN WEDDING. through by one and the same arrow, and resting on a wreath of roses, while celestial rays shine down upon them. On the dexter side, below the trumpeting figure, are two doves perched on a quiver full of arrows and one end of a relaxed bow, typical of a loving, peaceful family ; on the sinister side are roses, a scythe, and a winged hour-glass, a type of time passing on. Beneath all is an oval compartment with a raised beaded border containing the dedication inscriptions in the Dutch language, the first part being in rhyme, the second is composed as a chronogram giving the year date 1786, followed by numerals in the form of an arithmetical fraction, meaning the 22nd day of January. An ornamental engraved border passes round the outline of the heart. On the back are to be seen only the Amsterdam hall-marks, with the letter Cb), and the maker's initials (B : N ). There are no armorial bearings, nor any allusion to the heraldic coronet, if such it be, nor is the family name mentioned, unless it is implied or suggested by the shape of the object and the occurrence in the inscription of the word ' Hart,' which is a Dutch name, and the equivalent of the English word ' heart,' the unmistakable shape of the memorial. The object bears a chronogram date under conditions that I have not hitherto met with. I procured it from a well known silversmith who is ignorant of its history, and he is not able to procure any informa- tion about it, beyond its having come into his possession in the ordinary course of commerce, nor Can he say that in his long experience of dealings in foreign plate, especially in Dutch plate, he has ever met with a piece in any way similar to it. The inscription is as follows : Zi'e daar Ouxvderpaai\ OfJS Hart Erkentenis Bij '/ GouwdeJUBELJAAR Tot een Gedagtenis. Ult ongeVelnsDe hoog aChtIng, Van aLLe UVVe kInDeren T^ en I kLeln-klnOeren. / '^'^ The following is the translation of the whole inscription — See there, O old couple, our Heart's ackno^vledgment by the golden Jubilee as a remembrance. — With a sincere high esteem, from all your children and grandchildren. The memorial is not to be regarded as a work of art ; it has no pretensions to rank as one. The design is ingenious, but nothing more. In order to discover all its merits, I sent a photograph of it to Amsterdam, to find out by inquiry something concerning its history or personal allusions, but without success. I believe that, although it is a work of very unusual type, it would not be much esteemed there 405 1786 4o6 A DUTCH GOLDEN WEDDING. as a work of art or as a specimen of engraver's skill. The real point of interest, however, is the chronogram inscription, whose special appli- cation and meaning establishes the object as unique, apart from other features of the design. Commemorative gifts to married couples are admitted to be common in Holland, such as medals, cups, and other objects of metallic art, some of them being specimens of real art, beauty, value, and utility. At the place where I bought this golden- wedding memorial (Mr. Dicker's, in Vigo Street, London) I saw two silver- wedding presents — two stands made of silver to contain the candle-snuffers, articles of domestic use not now to be met with in the modern house, and mostly unknown to the rising generation. These also were of Dutch make, with appropriate inscriptions and date, but no chronograms. There is not much to be said about wedding observances, if such a conclusion can be safely drawn from that voluminous work No^es and Queries ; what is found there is nevertheless curious and amusing, as the following extracts will show : Series 4, vol. x., 431. — A wooden wedding, the fifth anniversary of marriage, is alluded to, as described in an American newspaper. A quantity of presents, all made of wood, were sent to a certain Mrs. Hughes by her friends. The first arrival was a load of logs of fire- wood; these were stowed away in the cellar. Then came wooden things of every imaginable description, from nests of tubs to salad forks and spoons, half filling the dining-room, together with congratulatory cards and notes, and wishes that the couple might be spared far beyond the anniversary of their diamond wedding. Series 4, vol. xi., 42. — A correspondent at New York explains that the diamond wedding is celebrated on the seventy-fifth anniversary of the wedding-day ; the wooden wedding on the fifth anniversary ; the silver wedding on the twenty-fifth ; and the golden wedding on the fiftieth. Occasionally we hear of the 'tin,' 'crystal,' 'paper,' and ' candy ' weddings. Are such weddings common in England ? Same vol., p. 107. — 'i'he diamond wedding — the Diamantene Hoch- zeit — is said to be the sixtieth anniversary of the wtdding-day, and is an event which naturally occurs so seldom that the majority of Germans have probably never heard of the phrase employed to designate it. -A. few instances are known, and one is mentioned by name as having occurred in Germany in 1867. Series 5, vol. iv., 235. — A diamond wedding was celebrated with great festivity in Kent on July 29, 1875, on the sixtieth anniversary. The couple were aged respectively 83 and 85. Series 5, vol. vi., 307. — A tin wedding. On September 27, 1876, among the birth notices in the Thnes newspaper, was one of a child born on her parents' tin wedding-day. It is questioned if any other cases are known, or if it is a bold invention pro re ?iata. This communication evoked an answer, at page 521, from Brooklyn, in the United Slates, explaining that the day so named is the tenth anni- A DUTCH GOLDEN WEDDING. 407 versary. Cards are sent out made of tin, inscribed with the year of the marriage, inviting friends to assemble at a festivity. They come, bringing presents made partly or wholly of tin for utility or amuse- nient ; some are valueless, and some contain a really valuable present. The custom, however, though common, does not seem to be ap- proved of. Series 5, vol. xii., 268. — Several instances are mentioned of the celebration of diamond weddings {i.e., the seventy-fifth anniversary), . during a period of ten years, in one and the same village in Denmark. Thus we find these periods — The wooden wedding at 5 years. The tin wedding at 10 years,^ The silver wedding at 25 years. { The golden wedding at 50 years. The diamond wedding at 60 and 75 years. These notes are all that I have discovered in the work quoted. They throw no special light on the custom of observing the golden wedding. The special observance of wedding epochs is not confined to Holland ; it prevails more or less in other countries of Europe and in the United States of America, and is accompanied by the presenta- tion of some agreeable token to the couple who are advancing in age, but no example appears of a couple living to be congratulated beyond the diamond. Whether such observances in England are of native origin or otherwise, it is difficult to determine; the question will, perhaps, become at some future day one of archaeological inquiry. It seems probable that they may have come here from some of the German or Scandinavian countries along with the Christmas trees, and that the emigrants from those lands may have carried to the United States their old customs, which there degenerated into occasions of jocose fun and merriment, albeit accompanied by kindly feeling and an acceptable gift. It seemed probable that some information might be gleaned from magazine articles and other periodical publications ; I therefore con- sulted, by means of the index volumes, the whole series of A^ofes ajid Queries (upwards of 90 volumes) down to the present time. The result is before the reader. The 'notes' having been contributed mostly by Americans, is suggestive that the subject might be treated of in magazines published in the United States — an appalling search, but facilitated by Poole's ' Index to Periodical Literature,' published at Boston (U.S.A.), 1885, a bulky and useful book of reference,^ with a ^ I possess a verbose notice, taken from the Times newspaper of November 7, 1893, of a copper wedding remembrance of a marriage in the St. Aubin family, belonging to the county of Cornwall, on November 7, 1883. This also marks a period of 10 years. ^ This work relates principally to American literature ; it also includes some of the leading British periodicals. No such index exists extending over the wide field of the latter ; one was undertaken a few years ago, but, after much work devoted to it, circumstances caused it to be laid aside. The labour of the compilation is more fit for a learned society than for individual enterprise ; it is much needed. 4o8 ENGRAVED SILVER. supplement volume to the same work for the years 1882 to 1886. A search under all likely headings led to no result such as I hoped for, I also searched ' A Subject Index of the Modern Works added to the Library of the British Museum in the years 1880 to 1885,' by Mr. G. K. Fortescue. This failure to trace any information to my purpose by means of these compendious helps goes far to exhaust the inquiry among books written in the English language. Other casual depositories of out of-the-way facts, such as printed books and the memories of a few bookish people, have not rendered the hoped-for aid, so here I leave that branch of the subject. S^^?^ ENGRAVED SILVER. TRINITY COLLEGE, Cambridge, possesses a piece of plate unique in a leading feature. It consists of a ewer and dish, the former being a tall jug for water, the latter a shallow circular basin about 2 feet in diameter, including a flat margin about 3 inches wide, whereon this inscription is engraved in bold letters around the whole circumference — * Collegio SS"^ et individuge Trinitatis dono dedit Antonius Comes Cantii adquo denuo decretu ut six UnIforMItas, sIt DeCor reLTgIonI, = Conform Is CLerUs, aC saLVa eCCLesIa.' = In the centre of the basin is the following inscription, which is occasion- ally to be seen also on old baptismal fonts ; it reads the same back- wards as forwards — NI^ON ANOMHMATA MH MONAN O^IN. This kind of composition is known as a palindrome. The translation of the whole may be given thus : * Antony, Earl of Kent, gave this to the college of the most holy and undivided Trinity, it being once more enacted that there shall be uniformity, fitness in religion, a con- forming clergy, and a secure church.' — ' Wash my sins, not my face only.' A chronogram engraved on plate is a great rarity ; this one is a hexameter and pentameter couplet. The basin and ewer are known in the college as the ' Act of Uniformity ' plate. — ^^$ — A German notarial stamp, apparently engraved for and used as a book-plate, in the collection of Sir A. W. Franks, K.C.B., F.S.A., is dated by a chronogram thus — C^sarIs aVspICIIs ] theMIs aVrea Dona [^■= tVetVr. J Matthias Bartholomaeus Keyser Auth : Caes. Not. Pub. juratus. 1662 1662 1725 ENGRAVED SILVER. The * Csesar 'in the chronogram is the Emperor Charles VL, who reigned from 171 1 to 1740. 409 'ih*h^- A silver frame in a private collection of works of art, containing a miniature portrait of Catherine de Medicis (whose date is 1519-1589), wife of Henry II. of France. The ornament on the top of the frame is a shield charged with the three fleurs-de-lys of France. This chrono- gram is engraved on the lower part, indicating that a very different subject once occupied the same frame — DIeV parfaIte trInIt^; "| PERE fILs et saInt esprIt qVI CoVronnent La VIerge MarIe. = 1730 L 52 XXXV. SOME PRINCES OF GERMANY. MAURICE, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE-CASSEL. FOLIO volume is devoted to the praise of Maurice, Landgrave^ of Hesse-Cassel, and to the description of his funeral, which took place in 1632, and is illustrated with many engravings of funeral processions, and portraits of himself and members of his family. The title is : ' Monumentum sepulchrale ad Dn. Mauritii Hassiae Landgravii . . . memoriam glorite sempiter- nam erectum, &c. . . . Casselis, 1641.' A copy is in the British Museum, Press-mark 143, f. 17. Among the odes and poems to his memory are the following chronograms of the year of his death. At page 213 this appears as his epitaph — MaVrICe prInCe VertVeVX tV Vols LA haVt Les bIenheVreVX AST* heVr es-tV tresbIen Log6 : ET TON Corps I CI enterr^. The next couplet gives the year of his birth — CasseLLIs ^.eres sCeptrI MaVrICIVs heros hessIaC^ gentIs gLorIa natVs erat. The next couplets mark the year of his death — CasseLLIs tVMVLo et CVnIs, bIs Vrbe sVperba, HESSlACiE GENtIs gLorIa STRATA JaCeT. o heros sVeCVs VICtrICIbVs InCLytVs arMIs annosI Longos Cernat ter nestorIs annos ! The following ' prosphonesis ' spoken by the nine Muses is expres- sive of the sorrow of the Hessian people on the death of their Prince Maurice (by a Swiss writer) — Vah ! LaVre o gerMana hassI, VI VaDIs In .ethras? ORBOS In terra nos hassos ANNE reLInqVIs ? )- V y- 16.-^2 1572 1632 16.^2 1632 ^ At a later page of this volume there are otlier chronograms relating to Landgraves of Hesse. See index. MAURICE, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE-CASSEL. 411 The reply of Prince Maurice — gnatVs VVILheLMVs VI ret aC VIget aLtera LaVrVs sVaVIs ; N.E CVbat Ista VIrens neC LaVrVs In Vrna. Calliope speaks this Heroic verse — prInCIpIs hassIaCI h^C Vah ! Corpore tVMba repLeta est ; gLorIa at egregIa repLetVr terra poLVsqVe. Clio speaks in Elegiac verse — si Caperet tVMVLVs soLLertes prInCIpIs artes, Vrna In parnassVs poL ! foret ILLe bICeps. Erato speaks in Phalsecian verse — HERDS hassIaCVs satVr DIerVM ET VIt^ breVIs en In Ipsa It astra. Thalia speaks in Trochaic verse — est beatVs ILLe prInCeps. en proCVL negotIIs eIVs ossa hoC In sepVLChro, Mens oVans In ^there est. Melpomene speaks in Choriambic verse — o feLIX tVMVLe! prInCIpIs hoC tegIs CorpVs nobILe. et h^eC nobILItas bonaP Terpsichore speaks in Alcaic verse — H^C bVsta MaVsoLI sVperant opVs CeLebre. pr^stat fornICe non CaVa ; AST ARTE PR^STAT NM BENIgNO ET egregIo genIo Iste prInCeps. Euterpe speaks in Glyconian verse — Manes pIerII. heV IaCet heIC LVX hassICa. en bene Chara est LaVrIgero Choro. Polyhymnia speaks in Aristophanic verse — CIneres prInCIpIs hassIaCI heIC sVnt. heI ! CVnCtIs STAT terMInVs ^VI, heI ! Urania speaks in Iambic verse — abI hospes o grate et bone prInCeps et hoC te fVnere hortetVr Vt proh ! LabILIs SPERNAS fVgaCeS HAS OPES, ET gLorIaM seCLI breVIs. I- 1632 }= 1632 )= 1632 }= 1632 1 1632 }= 1633 )- 1632 163a 1632 1632 The following panegyric couplets make the date 1632 by sub- traction, that is, by subtracting the amount of the second line, the pentameter, from that of the preceding line, the hexameter (by another Swiss writer) — MaVrItIVM CceLo pater, aLMe .eterne, LoCastI : = VVILheLMo nVnC, o reX DeVs, esto pater. = This chronogram is so in the original, but it makes one year too much. 41 a WILLIAM, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE. postqVaM LIpsIaCos fceDArVnt sangVIne CaMpos = 2768 tVrba LIg^, Vt IesV LVX reDIt InDe pIIs. = 1136 1632 gerMano-heLVetICos ConCorDe ah paCe perennes = 1956 ConserVa CcetVs reX tIbI ChrIste pIos. = 3^4 1632 2761 1129 1632 3154 1522 1632 2713 io8i 1632 xV NE CeDe MaLo, seD Contra aVDentIor esto, = 2761 aVrea THEVxoNliE faX gUILIeLMe pI^. = 1129 1632 InfaMI pereat MaLa sInCeratIo Morte, = 3154 portentVM heI qVa non fceDIVs esse qVeat. = 1522 1632 hoLLanDVs Mosm traIeCtVM abstorsIt Ibero, = 2713 et NORlMBERGiE reX qVoqVe L^tVs oVat. = io8i A panegyric in Sapphic verse, by another Swiss writer, concludes with this date — ANNO, eXCIDIVM patrIIs orIs aVertIto IoVa. = 1632 WILLIAM, LANDGRAVE OF HESSE. THE entry, in April, 1736, of William, Landgrave of Hesse, into the town of Hanau (in Hesse-Cassel), when he received the acclamations and homage of the citizens, is described in a German volume of 104 pages printed at Hanau in 1736; the event and the extensive illuminations, with their inscriptions, also the laudatory poems, addresses, and congratulations in honour of the occasion, fill the pages ; a few of the inscriptions were in chronogram form, appended to pictorial decorations — (A copy of the work is in my possession). Vt. gVLheLMVs DVX hasso-hanoICVs. prInCIpI, VVILheLMo, a steLLIs ConstantIa VIt^e et sanItatIs, neC non CoeLestIs saLVs VenIat. = 1736 soLVs ego tVteLa, tVa teCtVs, fraVDes aVt InsIDIas hostIs IrrIDeo. = 1736 NON CVrant spLenDores nVbes obsCVros, CogVnt, ConfrIngVntqVe CoeLos, obDVCtos. = 1736 qVIs Constat, nI spLenDente hoC soLe ContentVs aC JVCVnDItatIs pLenVs esse VeLIt, =- 1736 1736 MEDALS AND COINS OF HESSE. 413 Vnter VVILheLMs gnaDen sCheIn, KONNEN VVIr Ia rVhIg seIn. paX soLe CaDente Meo soL noVVs eXorItVr. J.EB VVILheLM LIebster fVerst, In seegen ! IehoVa sey In DeInen VVegen ! 1736 1736 1736 MEDALS AND COINS OF HESSE. MEDALS and Coins of Landgraves of Hesse, from ' Historisch- Kritische Beshrubung . . . Hessischen Miinzen,' by J. C. C. Hoffmeister, Cassel, 1857, 4to. A few of the coins and medals have chronogram inscriptions — Vol. i., 508. Ulricke Eleonore, wife of Frederick, King of Sweden, crowned at Upsal, March 17, 1719^ (hexameter) — Dat reCtas fessIs VIres sIstItqVe CrVoreM. = 17 19 Vol. ii., 317. Landgraf Ernst Ludwig VIII. A jubilee medal of Giessen University — gIssIaCe gaVDet CaMoenae = 1707 Vol. ii., 347. Another of the same — anno seCVLarI aLMae gIessenae notanDo. = 1707 Vol. ii., 354. Medal of Ludwig VIII. (a bombastic hexameter) — patrIa qVID LVges VIVIt DeVs et LVDoVICVs. = 1745 Vol. ii., 356. A birthday medal of Ludwig VIII. — LVDoVICVs pIVs hassorVM gLorIa PAXRliE paX VIgebIt. = 1746 qVot nataLes agIt prosperos (his age). = 56 Vol. ii., 374. A gold medal of Ludwig VIII. — sic LVDoVICo rIDebat DIana. = 1764 Ita DeCoratVs aMICI tItVLo. = 1764 In Deo sI VeLIt Constans reqVIesCaM. = 1764 A medal, probably to commemorate the establishment at Auerbach of a water fountain by Ludwig VIII. — CIVes ! gratIas CoeLo referte patrI^ pater LVDoVICVs"j oCtaVVs hassIae LanDgraVIVs aVerbaCensI VsVs fonte}-= 1767 VaLet. J Ludwig VIII. Another medal — VIVat DIV aC L^te Constanter aMen. = 1767 Maria Theresia, Empress of Austria — Deo sIt gLorIa ! MarIa theresIa per preCes nostras\ _ ^ Vere sInCeras nobIs restItVta est. /" ' ' This seems to allude to her recovery from an illness. ^ She succeeded her brother, Charles XII., but in 1720 she resigned the crown in favour of her husband, Frederic of Hesse-Cassel. 4T4 COUNTESS OF HANAU. A TRACT in my possession is filled with eulogistic and funeral poems, forty-four in number, by different authors, on the death of Magdalena Claudia, by birth Countess of the Palatinate, by marriage Countess of Hanau. The title-page runs thus : * Trauer-Trost-und Lob-Gedichte iiber den todtlichen Hintritt der weyland Durchleuch- tigsten Fiirstin und Frauen, Magdaleyne Claudiyae,' etc. Printed at Hanau, 1705, folio, pp. 36. The poems are mostly in (ierman, some in Latin. Three chronograms are on page 5. They indicate the date of her birth and her affinity to the ancient Dukes of Spoleto, the date of her marriage with Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau, and the date of her death. The lines are composed as hexameter and pentameter couplets — eCCe paLatIna DeCor, aC e stIrpe spoLetI, \^ ggg CLaraqVe frons stIrpIs proDHt Ista sV^ I / hanoICa IstIVs feLICI hoC prInCIpIs anno \^ ^^g ConIVgIo eXIMI^ stIrps reCreata fVIt. / " ornatVs seXVs ; CIVI spes atqVe MarIto 1 ^ DeLItI^e hanoVHs ; fata sVbIVIt atra. / ' ^ On page 36 this * Eteostichon ' also denotes her death — eCCe! tenet prIMas, e prInCIpe nata parente, \_ CoeLICoLas Cernens sorte beata greges. / " ' -***- LANDGRAVE OF HESSE. THE 'solemnities,' rejoicings, and illuminations at Hanau, in Germany, in the beginning of the reign of William, Landgrave of Hesse, are described in a tract, ' Beschreibung derer bey dem Hohen Antritt des Durchlauchtigsten Fursten und Herrn Wilhelms Landgrafen zu Hessen,' etc., printed at Hanau, 1736, small 4to., in 2 parts, pp. 104. The streets of the town were profusely decorated with emblematic pictures and inscriptions, among which were eight chronograms ; but as most of the latter relate specially to the accompanying pictures, they are devoid of interest when separated. The following apply to William — Vt gVLheLMVs DVX hasso-hanoICVs. = 1736 prInCIpI, VVILheLMo, a steLLTs ConstantIa VIt^ et sanItatIs, neC non CoeLestIs saLVs VenIat. }= 1736 ELECTOR OF SAXONY. A JOYFUL acclamation or omen is addressed to John George, Elector, and his brother Augustus of Saxony, etc., by Joannes Segerus, Rector of the University of Witteberg. The title-page runs thus : * Ev. feLICIter serVat. / ~ ^^'^ On the town of Zutphen — zVtphanIa, arMIs hostILIbVs petIta, sVbIto CeDIt. = 1672 On the town of Ardenburg (or Rodenburg) — arDenbVrgVM gaLLos IrrVentes fortIter propVLsat. ■■= 1672 On the town of Groningen, two separate epigrams — gronInga a CaroLo rabenhaVpt aDVersVs hostes gene-\_ ^ Rosfc DefenDItVr. j~ ^°7^ gronInga ab obsIDentIbVs, non sIne IngentI et fVnesta CLaDe, DeserItVr. On the town of Coevorden — CoVorDIa, fortIter eXtorta hostI aD LIberos frIsIosI ,^ reDIt. 1= ^^72 On Colonia Agrippina (Cologne) — frVstra apVD agrIppInates De restItVenDa paCe, per\_ ^ Legatos agItVr. )~ ^74 England with the French in Holland — brIto et gaLLVs aDVersVs beLgas sInIstro Marte pVgnat. = 1673 William of Orange overcomes the town of Naarden — Labore atqVe arte aVrIaCVs narDaM sVbIgIt. = 1673 William of Orange subdues Bonn — bonn^ eXpVnatIo LaborantI beLgIo saLVteM aDfert. = 1673 Admiral de Ruyter died of his wounds at Syracuse — MIChaeL aDrIanVs rVIterVs fortIter pVgnans obIIt. = 1676 On the return to Montes of Philip William Count-Palatine, Duke of Juliers, Cleve, etc. (hexameter and pentameter couplets) — eVge ! reDIt prInCeps, fragrantIa JVngIte serta, et qVIsqVIs grato spargat ab ore MeLos. Ipse poLVs pLaVDIt, rata res est, Intonat ^ether, sIgnaqVe L^tItI^e non DVbItanDa refert. en, Vt se rapIens atro De gVrgIte rhenVs Cantet, et ornatVs teMpora L^tVs eat. sVbsILIVnt Montes, agrIs grata InCIpIt ^tas, ET qV^ sperarant rVra, reDIsse sonant. sCILICet IngentI nVper Correpta tIMore pLebs erat, et LVCtV pene sVbaCta stetIt. (sic) JaM paVor hIC Cessat, beLLo CoLLapsa resVrgVnt, et sVa, pro ferro CVLtor aratra tenet. Is sortIs faVor est, o aVrea fcenera ! postqVaM res nostras nostrI VInDICIs aLa tegIt. 54 1677 1677 1677 1677 1676 1677 1677 426 EPIGRAMS. Audomaropolis (St. Omer) is subdued by the French— qVVM terr/E CVLtVs post frIgora s^Va reDIbat, Et restaurandis stabat Arator agris — aVDoMaropoLTs, gaLLo sVbeVnte, JVbetVr Hesperiis turmis dicere triste vale — neMpe Ita, Vah DVros CasVs ! sors sIngVLa Versat, Nee lauros eadem tempora semper habent. The town of Cambray taken, April, 1677 — CVM soL LVCe noVa reparabat CceLItVs herbas, ET parIter pVLChro fLore tegebat agros. aLtas CaMbraCI portas reX gaLLICVs Intrat eJeCtans fasCes, trTstIs Ibere.i xVos. properas paLMas ! VIX obseDIsse ferebant, et prorsVs, tanto robore poLLet, oVat. Valenciennes is stormed by the French — eCCe VaLenCenaM CepIt sIbI gaLLVs, et ense eJeCIt tVrbas, segnIs Ibere,^ tVas. 1 nVnC, et posthaC pr/f.CeLsIs nItere MVrIs, si paVor InCessIt peCtora, VaLLa patent. Marriage verses ' Ad sponsum et sponsam compellatio vespertina peCtora JVnXIt hyMen, rata res est ! ergo VIgete, ET L^TE aD Vestros approperate thoros. pergIte, sI sapItIs ; grato Monet ore DIona, ET paphIVs fIssas VentILat VsqVe faCes. fabVLa post Mensas restat; ne t^eDIa sVrgant, fortIs agat parteIs aCtor VterqVe sVas. A collection of epigrams by A. W. Bentinck is contained in a small 8vo. volume, ' Fasciculi metrici epigrammatum, quorundam, aliorumque versuum in varia promiscue objecta compositorum, colligati per Adrianum Wilhelmum Bentinck. Daventrise ; ex ofificina Alberti Fronten. Bibliopolae cid.idcc' (i.e., 1700). There are four series, designated respectively I., II., III., IV. As in the volume quoted immediately before this one, the epigrams are occasionally preceded by a chronogram which both indicates their subject and marks their date, while in some instances the whole epigram is chronogrammatic. The following extracts comprise nearly all such. On the victories gained by the Christians over the Turks — C^so, C^SAR oVat, tVrCa, VenetVsqVe reCeptA ^ _ Morea, eCLIpsIn LVna2 repVLsa feret. j ~ 1677 1677 1677 1677 1677 1677 1677 1677 1678 1678 1678 1687 ^ The fortune of war was then turning against Spain in the Low Countries. ^ Figuratively alluding to the Turkish standard, the crescent m-jon. The power of the Turks in Hungary was undergoing extinction. i688 EPIGRAMS. 427 reX Joseph CapIt VngarI^e, soLIManqVe^ CapessIt, \_ gg FRATRE reCLaVstrato, LVnICa sCeptra thronI. /~ ' William and Mary crowned King and Queen of England — ■ CoronantVr reX et regIna brItannI^e sVbDItorVM ap-^I .q pLaVsV. 1= '^^9 On the death of Queen Mary II. of England, Lachrymae ApoUineae obortce, in prsematurum augustissimse Britannorum reginae obitum, 26 Decembris, 1694 — Annum nativitatis 1662, MarIa steVarDa JaCobI II fILIa. = 1662 Desponsationis 1677, gVIheLMo aVrIaCo VXor Desponsata. = 1677 Coronationis 1689, VIrtVte et sangVIne aD soLIVM eXtoLLItVr. = 1689 Obitus 1694, AT Ingente sVbDItorVM LVCtV eXtIngVItVr. = 1694 On the victories gained by the Christians over the Turks in 1688 — perVIgILI nI oCVLo portaM'^ sVLtane tVerIs \ Ip.sa patet ChrIsto CLaVe reCLVsa petrI. j On Pope Innocent XL The year of his birth — hanC VItaM aDeptVs. = 16 ri The years of his election and death, sVpreMVs pontIfeX DeLeCtVs. = 1676 CVM LaVDe VIXIt, reXIt, obIt. = 1689 Joseph I. elected King of the Romans (afterwards Emperor) — koManVs aVgVstVsqVe reX DeLeCtVs. = 1690 Strena Christiana, en noVVs annVs aDest, tV Cor renoVare Labora ^ _ ^ forsItan Ipse annVs, qVo MorIerIs erIt. j ~ " o hoMo pr^terItos sI fors negLeXerIs annos, ) _ ^ nVnC noVa sIt pIetas, en noVVs annVs aDest. j " ^ anno traDet eo qVot Mors InopIna sepVLChro? \_ ^ TE ergo para, eX 1st Is tV qVoqVe forsan erIs. j " " On Philip William, Count-Palatine, etc., his death — phILLIppVs gVILheLMVs DVX neobVrgII. = 1690 On Maximilian Emmanuel of Bavaria, Governor of the Nether- lands'' — strenVVs baVarorVM DVX, beLgIo pr^feCtVs. = 1691 An 'epitaph' on Maria Antonia Electress of Bavaria, is thus dated — CeV LVX arDens Morte eXtIngVItVr. = 1692 Strena Calendis Januarii, 1690 — Ingress Vs prosper, DonetVr et eXItVs annI, 1 ^ aC Donet pLVres post DeVs, opto, tIbI. /" ^ ^ Solyman III., the Turkish Emperor. '^ A play on the sublime Porte of Turkey, and the word ' porta,' a door. ^ See also the indexes to Chronograms and Chronograms Continued, 428 EPIGRAMS. Strena Christiana Calendis Januarii, 1693 — MensIs IanVs aDf.st reVoLVtVs et annVLVs annT, LenIs Is, opto, tIbI, prosper Is annVs eat. annI LarVntVr, taCItIsqVe senesCIMVs annIs, Hos bene qVI CaVtVs CoLLoCat, Iste sapIt. annI pr^tereVnt, annos seqVItVrqVe perennIs annVLVs, attenDe, hVnC Mente teneto tVa. On the victories gained by the Emperor of Germany against the Turks in the autumn of 1691 — VenI, VIDI, vim VI VIrILI Io VICI.i VICTOR Io LeopoLDVs erat, VI tVrCICa fregIt \_ ROBORA, DefeCIt LVna CrVore tVrCICa rVbra;- ]~ ConfVnDebatVr ConstantInopoLItanVs \_ et ConCVssVs erat soLLICItVDInIbVs.'^ /" On Charles Leopold Duke of Lorraine, an ' epitaph ' containing the following dates — Annum natalem, strenVVs ILLVstrIssIMVsqVe DVX. Conjugalem, DVCta UXore eLeonora MarIa In aVstrIa. Fatalem, obIIt et sVb eo saXo sepVLtVs, IVDICIVM. On the marriage of H. B. and S, E. — hos soLVs IVnXIt DeVs, nVLLVs seJVnget hoMo. Strena Christiana calendis Januarii, 1694 — JanVs aDest, aC JanVa noVI prope panDItVr annI, hIC CVrrat LenIs paCIfICVsqVe preCor ; VIVere sI satagas, aC sI foret VLtIMVs annVs, SANk NON DVbIto, qVIn tIbI prosper erIt, qVIn tIbI POST annos VIt^ panDetVr oVantI sVpreMo a Jano JanVa CVpIta poLL Copies of these two collections of epitaphs are in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley ; they are scarce books. 1693 1693 1693 1691 1697 1691 = 1643 = 1678 = 1690 = 1693 h 1694 r 1694 )- 1694 A little pamphlet, pp. 48, size 5x3 inches, bears this title : ' Andreas Streithageni Julio Mertzen-havssensis chrono-distichorum libellus. Colonize Agrippinai apud loannem Kinchium, Sub Mono- cerote anno MDCxxii.' It consists of chronograms composed in Latin ^ See similar words in Chronograms Continued, p. 291. ^ This couplet is thus in the original ; by some error it makes 1897. * These long words are intended as hexameter and pentameter verses. See similar lines in Chronograms Continued, p. 557. EPIGRAMS. 429 hexameter and pentameter couplets, marking the dates of all sorts of people, and events connected with Germany and its history, such as emperors of Germany, kings of England and France, reformers, epidemic diseases, anabaptists, persons of renown, locusts in Poland, Council of Trent, war with the Turks, iconoclasts in Belgium, meretrices evicted from Rome by Pope Pius V., a ship and crew destroyed by gunpowder exploded by a beautiful virgin captured by the Turks, the victory of John of Austria at Lepanto, sieges and surrenders of towns, inundations, conflagrations, comets, earthquakes, etc. There are in all 135 chronograms in the pamphlet, a treasure which belongs to the Rev. W. Begley. The following selection will fairly represent them. The work is dedicated to Philip William, Count Palatine ; and in verses addressed to the reader, the author removes all uncertainty as to 'the fourth letter' (the letter D) by counting it always as 500. The chronograms resemble those which precede this notice and those of Joseph a Pinu, which follow it. The Emperor Charles V., born at Ghent — CaroLVs, aVstrIaCo ganDI De sangVIne C^sar nasCItVr. o qVanta qVantVs In Vrbe pVer. On a very severe winter — ferratas gLaCIe ConsIstens rhene bICornIs haC geMIs Ire rotas, qVa soLet Ire ratIs. On the beginning of Lutheranism — LetIferas toto orbe CIens LVthere proCeLLas tranqVILL^ petrI non sInIs Ire rateM. The Emperor Charles V. crowned King of Spain — CaroLVs hesperI^ L^tans attIngIt habenas sCeptra ManVs ornant, festa Corona CapVt. Charles V. elected Emperor of Germany— IMperII fasCes orbIs regnator IberI IVngebas sCeptrIs CaroLe LeCte tVIs. On the marriage of Martin Luther: 'In Martinum Catherinam Boram sibi matrimonio, vel quasi, jungentem ' — CresCIte, bIbLIa habent ; pares, aC ConIVgIs Instar BORA tIbI, Mopso nIsa,i LVthere VenIt. The peasants' war in Germany — In beLLa agrestes pro LIbertate ferVntVr ; \_ HoC Centena hostI MILLIa strata LVVnt, j On Francis I., King of France, defeated by the Emperor Charles V at the battle of Pavia, and taken prisoner — OBSESSA papI^, fortI CVM C^sare gaLLe, Is In beLLa tVVs, Cesarean Vs abIs. i = 1500 1 = 1513 1 = TS17 1 = 1518 Lutherum, 1.S19 }= )- 1525 1525 1525 ^ Here the satire is severe ; see Virgil, ' Ec.,' viii. 26, * Mopso Nisa datur ; quid non speremus amantes ?' 430 EPIGRAMS. On Zwingli, the Swiss Reformer : ' In Zuinglium a Genio, nescio quo, qui in somnis ei apparuit, ad abolendam Missam incitatum ' — si genII InstInCtV parIter saCra toLLIs, et aras, ) ^ zVIngLI, Die soDes: aLbVs, an ater erat? / 5 5 On four hundred villages in Belgium submerged by the sea— VnA LVCe qVater Centenos (fLebILe) pagos 1 - yEQVoREA MergI beLgIa CernIt aqVa. J~ ^529 On the * sweating sickness ' prevailing in many places — PESTE noVa popVLIs aspergIt Corpora sVDor, \ _ neC rarIs obeVnt Densa Cater Va LoCIs. j ~ ^5^9 On the anabaptists taking possession of Miinster, in Westphalia — REGNA MonasterII bataVo sartore tenente, I _ DIra anabaptIst^ f^eX fatVata strVVnt J ^534 On the death of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester (he was beheaded)^ — angLVs Vt Insano boLen^ CarpItVr Igne, \_ roffensI CanVM toLLItVr ense CapVt. /~ ^535 On the death of Sir Thomas More (he also was beheaded)^ — atqVe VnI Moro: qVIa CaVssa LegIs aVIt.'e, \^ NON poterat regIs CaVssa pLaCere proCI. /~ ^5^5 Queen Catharine : ' In obitum Catharinse, Angliae reginse, ab Henrico VIII. cum jam XX. annos eam in matrimonio habuisset, repudiatse ' — IgnosCo, IgnosCant sVperI : regIna brItanno 1 sVb fIneM VIt^ sCrIpsIt, et oCCVbVIt.2 j ^535 On madness from eating infested pork : ' De hospitibus qui in caupona carnes porcse, rabidi canis morsu infestatse, comedentes, versi in rabiem fuere, in Ducatu Wirtenbergensi ' — CaVpo tVVs porCa rabIosa VesCItVr hospes, \^ neC Mora fIt, Verso peCtore et Ipse rabIt. / ^^^^ St. Thomas of Canterbury : ' In Henricum VIII. Angliae regem, reliquias D. Thomoe Cantuariensis quondam archiepiscopi, auro nudato ejus monumento, exurentem ' — abLato henrICVs DIVInI, antIstItIs aVro, \_ ^ VVLCano CIneres, ossaqVe sanCta Dabat. j~ ^^■^ ^ Both on the accusation and trial for treason against Henry VIII. By a law passed in the session 1533-34, it was made high treason by writing, print, deed, or act to do anything to the prejudice, etc., of the King's lawful matrimony with Anne Boleyn (who was beheaded *° '536). ^ Catharine of Arragon, whom Henry VIII. married in 1509, his first wife. He divorced her in 1533, when he married Anne Boleyn. Queen Catharine wrote a farewell letter to the King a few days before her death. EPIGRAMS. 43 « }- )- Locusts infested Poland — sarMatI,« Infestant trIstI LoCa nVbe LoCVst^, qVeIs obVeLatI LVn^qVe, soLqVe Latent. On a very tall soldier of Noricum ; by order of the Turks put to death by a dwarf — norICVs obJICItVr nano (res fceDa reLatV) \^ heV nostro LVDos sangVIne tVrCa faCIt. / Another — heV nanI ense perIs LongVs, sIC tVrCa VoLebas, norICVs : HAS LaVDes sesqVIpeDaLIs habet. On the termination of the Council of Trent — ConCILII (o feLIX sIt) fInIs In Vrbe trIDentI est, qVoD CVnCtos Veteres nos JVbet Ire VIas. On the tomb of Louis XL, King of France, being broken by the ' heretics,' and his remains taken out and burnt — pr6 pVDor, a geVsa tVVs, o LVDoVICe sepVLChro j^ erVtVs In CIneres VertItVr Igne CInIs. / On the recent iconoclasts in Belgium — asseCLa VI frangIt statVas, teMpLIsqVe reVeLLIt, seV CaLVIne tVVs, sIVe LVthere tVVs. Another — ConfICIVnt statVas beLg^ f^eX InfIMa VVLgI ; heV qVanta absqVe VLLo sangVIne beLLa gerVnt. In meretrices a Pio Pontifice ejus nominis V. Roma ejectas- E CVnCta MeretrIX, popVLI faX Vna LatInI, pontIfICIs IVssV peLLItVr Vrbe pII. The city of Nicosia, in Cyprus, taken by the Turks — nICosIa Capta, CyprI spoLIa Inter ab hoste \_ IMposIta est sCythIC^ rapta, IVVenta ratI. j A Cyprian virgin : ' Quae capta a Turcis, cum propter insignem pulchritudinem eorum tyranno donum a Mustapho inter caetera mitteretur, igne in nitratum pulverem jacto, navem incendit, et se, et Turcas omnes una secum exitio involvit ' — CyprIa, ne prostet LybICo transMIssa tyranno, \_ se VIrgo InCensa naVe, sCythasqVe neCat. /~ On the marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margaret, sister of Charles IX. — CmDe naVarr^e stILLant ConnVbIa regIs : 1 ^ pr6 qVotIes soLIta gaLLIa CiT;DE tepet. /" On the naval victory of Lepanto, gained by John of Austria over the Turks — aVstrIaCVs, nonIs oCtobrIbVs, ^qVore, IVXta LepanthVM eXsVperat CLasse, VIrIsqVe sCythas. 1541 1541 1541 1553 1562 1566 1566 1566 1570 }= 1570 ^.■57 1 i57« 432 EPIGRAMS. On the death of John of Austria by a fever — ILLe sCyth^ victor peLago, treMor orbIs eoI, aVstrIVs, oCtobrI febre IneVnte IaCet, On the death of St. Carlo Borromeo, formerly Archbishop of Milan CarLI obItV ChrLstVs, faCtIs pro taLIbVs InfIt, PR/EsVL erIt posIto Corpore porr6 MeVs. On the death of Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots — IMperIIs angL^ perIt Insons ense stoVarta, qVInto post IDVs febrVe s^eVe tVas. An inunudation by the river Tiber at Rome — VIX roMa eVInCIs tyberI CresCknte perICLa stagnat, et est sVbItIs aLVeVs aLter aqVIs. On the death of Elizabeth, Queen of England — VIrgInIs OS, habItVMqVe gerens regIna brItannI, NON rVDIs In NONAS VIXIt aprILIs anVs. On the burning of Heinsberg — heInsbergVM InCenUIa Vastant, On the comet seen in 1618 — NON frVstrA terrIs mYo ConspeCta prIore, LVCet In eoa steLLa CoMata pLaga. On the earthquake felt at Heinsberg — pertreMIt heInsbergI septeno terra kaLenDas IVnII ; lo prohIbe LiEVA benIgne pater. On the third burning of Heinsberg — heInsberga qVarta IVnI fLens Cerno flagrante aD DeCIes oCto ferVere teCta faCe. The little pamphlet ends with ten pages of miscellaneous echo verses without chronograms. = 1578 = 1584 = 1587 = 1598 = 1603 = 1613 = 1618 = 1619 = 1619 LANDGRA VES OF HESSE. EPIGRAMS appear in vol. v. of • Delitise poetarum Germanise ' (quoted at page 442 infra), under the authorship of Bernardus Praetorius (of Hesse). The following are there printed without dis- tinguishing the numeral letters; here they appear in the ordinary form of chronograms. EPIGRAMS. 433 The place, year, month, and day of the death of William, Landgrave of Hesse — CasseLLIs obIIt patrI^ soL heI ! gVLIeLMVs ; seXtILI Vt bIs tres testabant LVCIferI Ignes. His studies, also the year and month of his death — ASTRA sCIens soLIsqVe orbes gVLIeLMVs ; In astra seXtILI raptVs, CoeLICVs astra tenet. The year and month of his death — LVCe ter oCtaVa atqVe VnI seXtILIs asyLon teVtonI^qVe saLVs faXqVe heV ! VVILIeLMVs obIVIt. The year and month of the death of himself and his wife — A qVo rapta IaCet Consors tVa Costa sabIna : hIC qVoqVe seXtILIs te, gVLIeLMe rapIt. The year, month, and day of their burial — In terra arCta tVLIt gVLheLMI CorpVs (asyLon Is stetIt eVrop^) soL nonI oCtaVVs Vt Ibat. Another on the same event. The funeral was at night — eXCIpIt Vrna CapaX VVILheLMI CorpVs ; In aXe LVX NON.E Vt LVNiE qVarta bIs orta fVIt. The death of the wife of a Landgrave of Hesse — nonVs et oCtaVVs soL affVLgebat oLyMpo aVgVsto ; et tete teCCa sabIna neCat. The year, month, and day of the death of the illustrious Philip of Hesse — phcebe VentosI nItVIt bIs Dena noVeMbrIs 1 g osVs Vt has terras astra phILIppe petIs. j ^^ ^ The year and month of the death of Magdalen, the wife of George of Hesse — MagDaLIs e VIVIs febrVI, heV ! sVb fIne perIVIt. = 1537 Another on the same event — bInI restabant orbes febrVarIo ab aXe, 1 MagDaLIs Vt trIstI fVnera rapta fVIt. /~ The year, month, and day of the death and burial of Hedwiga, the wife of Lewis, Landgrave of Hesse (one letter D is not reckoned) — MartIVs heDVVIgIn (sic) qVarto spoLIaVIt In ortV; 1 InferIas peragIt postea NONA dIes. J Other chronograms relating to Landgraves of Hesse will be found at page 410 e/ se^^. of this volume. ]= 1592 ^ < 1592 [ = 1592 1 = 1592 1 = 1592 ] = 1592 1 = 1581 1537 1590 55 434 EPIGRAMS, A volume of tracts in the British Museum library (press-mark 1 1555, ee. i) comprises one with this title : 'Epigrammata sexaginta in Laudem Pii Septimi pontificis Maximi,' etc. (on the unexpected visit of the Pope to the Netherlands), per J. A. F. Pauwels — pontIfICIs pII VII ConstantIaM pr^DICate. = 18 14 Printed at Antwerp. At the end of the epigrams, on page 15, is this chronogram — pIUs septIMUs beneDICtIone CresCat. = 1814 There are no other chronograms, and no date in figures. All the epigrams are in Latin verse. . XXXVIII. EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. OSEPH A PINU, born at Auerbach, in Saxony, is ranked among the German poets, although he employed the Latin language in all that I shall have to notice of his writings. More than three hundred years ago he wrote Latin chronograms in hexameter and pentameter verse. Original copies of such of his writings are scarce. They very seldom appear for sale, and are difificult to meet with in libraries ; it is mostly through quotations from his works by later writers that even an incomplete knowledge of him is to be gained. Though certainly not the inventor, he may justly be called the pioneer of the literary artifice of chronograms ; and he seems to have been the first to have published pamphlets and books wholly devoted to the subject. His success in the attempt and his social position (for his father was private secretary to John Frederic, Elector of Saxony, and consequently in cor- respondence with many notabilities) brought chronograms into vogue. Had he made a ludicrous attempt and been laughed down, one can hardly say now what would then have happened. The lively Gaul or the quick-witted Italian would not have tried to revive the work in which the laborious German had failed ; nor would the monks and other religious recluses have tried to carry on the work, for they had plenty of time years and years before our pioneer, but did nothing ; possibly nothing would have been done, and my three volumes and some few curious collections of chronogram books would never have existed. Many thanks are therefore due to Joseph a Pinu for his persistent attempts in striking out a new path in literature ; even though it be but a by-path, it is a pleasant one. Zedler in his ' Universal Lexicon ' records five of his chronogrammatic works, viz. : I. ' Disticha illustrium ac clarorum aliquot virorum et foeminarum obitus, et simul annorum numeros, qusedam etiam diem continentia, memoriae scripta Josepho a Pinu Averbachio. Wittebergae, mdliiii.' (1554), with a woodcut representing the resurrection. This tract contains ninety chrono- grams. The only copy I know of is a small quarto without binding or protecting covers. II. ' Catalogum Romanorum et Germanicorum im- peratorum. Wittenberg, 1554 and 1562.' III. 'Catalogum academiarum. 436 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 1554.' IV. ' Eteosticha, et senigmatum de annis natalibus illustrium ac clarorum aliquot virorum libellus, 1561.' V. 'Carmina Caesarum, Regum, et Archiducum aliquot ex familia Austriaca natales et obitus numeris indicantia, 1582.' My friend, Rev. VV. Begley, is the fortunate possessor of a copy of each of these works, acquired by slow degrees. A period of at least ten years passed by ere he met with his final acquisition, so great is their rarity. Comparing these works with the use that later German writers have made of them, one encounters some confusion and much repetition ; and even Pinu himself is not exempt from the drift of this remark. All seem to have been issued in the form of pamphlets, and probably in hmp paper covers. The rarity of small works of a chronogrammatic character may be accounted for on the supposition that only a limited number of copies were printed, compared with what would be done at the present day. It was well understood also that such tracts were produced frequently for gratuitous distribution among the patrons and friends of the authors, rather than for sale to the general public ; small in size and insufficiently protected from injury. A well-known collector, in telling his experience on these points, says : • Without binding there can be no salvation.' * For want of binding myriads of authors have perished, leaving many deplorable gaps in the literature of the past.' Rarity therefore becomes intelligible ; and the rarity of the particular works under notice must be pleaded in excuse for the long extracts which follow, as well as for some words in explanation of a method adopted in some of them for indicating some minor particulars of date. About the period of the authorship of these works, Pinu and other chronogram writers, in addition to the date of the year made by the chronogram itself, expressed also the month and day by some allusion to the position of the sun in its (supposed) path from day to day through the constellations or ' signs ' of the zodiac, each sign ruling for one month, the month commencing at about the third week, and the first month of the year being March, represented by the sign Aries, the ram ; thus, when it is said the sun enters Aries, in the old calendars it means March 20, and so on with all the twelve signs in their succession. An occasional footnote, in addition to the line which precedes each chronogram, will, I hope, make clear some of the jargon in which they are composed. Let it be understood, however, that this fanciful method of denoting a date is unsuitable to strict chronology ; modern astronomy declares that the sun has actually no path along the zodiac, and the periods assigned to him by the astronomers of the sixteenth century for entering and leaving each * sign ' no longer hold good ; the movements of the heavenly bodies since that period have caused a deviation of about five weeks, thus the sun may now be said to enter Aries about the end of April, and so on with the other 'signs.' The following are from ' Disticha illustrium,' before mentioned. (The lines preceding the chronograms are translations from the Latin originals.) The year of the death of Frederic, Duke of Saxony — haC sItVs eXIgVa est prInCeps frIDerICVs In Vrnx\, 'j _ sVb qVo paX stVDIIs fLorVIt aVCta bonIs. /~ ^^^^ EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 437 The death of John, Elector of Saxony — hIC eLeCtorIs retInet LapIs ossa IoannIs proteCta est CVIVs saXona terra ManV. Vt soL ASTR^iE LVstrabat VIrgInIs astrVM Ian parC^ prInCeps hostICa teLa tVLIt. The death of John Ernest, Duke of Saxony — saXonICa CeLebrI natVs De stIrpe Igannes hIC faCILI ERNEST Vs DVX reqVIete frVor. The death of Maurice, Elector of Saxony — ensIfer haC frVItVr prInCeps reqVIete sVb Vrna ICtV MaVrICIVs LiEsVs ab hgste gLgbI. The year when John Frederic, Elector of Saxony, was taken prisoner by the Emperor — Ian De saXgnIC^ frIDerICVs stIrpe CreatVs VVLnera prg patrIa CaptVs honesta tVLIt. Vt seXta aprILIs fVLsIt qVater grta, Igannes ngbILIVM eLeCtgr C^sare VICtVs gpe. saXgnI^e prInCeps teChnIs gppressVs ad hgste, VLtIMa teVtgnICI CVraqVe spesqVe soLI. The year when his captivity terminated — DVX pIVs ereptVs frIDerICVs CarCerIs antro saXgnIC^e gentIs gLgrIa, LaVs et hongr. The year of his death — saXgnI^ eXIgVa CVbat hIC eLeCtgr In VrnA, qVI patrIs et patrVI noMIna CLara gerIt. per pIsCIs CceLestIs, eqVgs sgL sIgna regebat, DVX Vt saXonICVs Ian frIDerICVs obIt. The death of the Princess Sibylla, his wife — hgC pgsIta est saXg frIDerICI Casta IoannIs saXgnI^e CgnIVX post sVa fata, DVCIs. The death of Erasmus of Rotterdam — hgC fragILI CgrpVs bVstg retInetVr erasMI, aLta CeLer sVpra spIrItVs astra VgLat. In tenVes CLarVs Ventgs VbI CessIt erasMVs herCVLeI prgpe sgL sIgna LegnIs erat. The death of the illustrious Lord Andrew, Count of Gorca — ggrCaVIa hIC satVs anDreas De stIrpe qVIesCIt, LaVs CeLebrIs VIVIt, spIrItVs astra sVbIt. The death of the most illustrious Prince ' Henrici senioris Bur gravii Misnensis.' haC IaCet henrICVs MysI^ bVrggraVIVs Vrna, qVI sCeptrIs tenVIt regna VarIsCaX^ sVIs. = 1532 = 1532 = 1553 = 1553 1547 1547 1547 1552 1554 1554 = 1554 = 1536 = 1536 = 1551 = 1564 The Varini, an ancient German tribe in some parts of Saxony. 438 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. The death of George Purbrach, a renowned Bavarian mathematician IVIt In ^thereos postqVaM pVrbraChIVs aVras soL tenVIt taVrI CornV-^e fVLVa trVCIs. The death of Bernardus Gualtherus, mathematician — HoC sIta sVnt parVo gVaLtherI VIsCera bVsto eLysIas VaLLes nobILIs VMbra tenet. The death of Hieronymus Ebner, * serarius prsefectus supremus ' of Nuremberg — EBNERO HoC reqVIes fataLI parta sepVLChro, qVI tIbI granDe fVIt norICaberga DeCVs. The death of Joannes Stoeffler, ' Justingensis mathematici ' — ConDItVr hIC fato fVnCtVs stceffLerVs aCerbo, terrestrIs gnarVs sIDere^qVe pLag^. The death of the distinguished poet, Eobanus Hessus — sic HESSO s^V^ seCVerVnt fILa sorores, Vt feLIX pVrI Mens CoLat astra poLI. hIC hessI CorpVs MortaLI Lege qVIesCIt, ^thera VIVIt spIrItVs arCe pIVs. Vrna qVIesCentIs breVIs h^eC CIneres tenet hessI, qVeM proprIo foVIt CaLLIopeIa sInV. CVr properas ? sVbsIste parVM LeCtVre VIator, HoC HESsI sIta sVnt ossa qVIeta LoCo. LaVrIger hoC raptVs sVb saXo Contegor hessVs, HESsVs apoLLIneI gLorIa Magna ChorI. InIeCIt properans hesso Mors VInCVLa VatI, soL VbI sVb LIbra LVCIfer egIt Iter. The death of that 'most holy evangelist of truth,' Dr. Martin Luther staMIna sIC sanCto seCVIt LIbItIna LVthero, sIt sVper Vt feLIX spIrItVs astra poLI. hIC IaCet Israel pr^stans aVrIga LVtherVs, aspeCtV et frVItVr ChrIste sVpreMe tVo. haC IaCet InDIgno sVbLatVs fVnere arena LVtherVs VerbI bVCCIna Vera DeI. Vt soL per pIsCes rVtILVs CVrrebat aqVosos, parCa tIbI rVpIt fILa LVthere ManV. The death of Augustinus Schurphius, doctor of medicine — sCVIrphIVs eXCeLLens InsIgnI p^onIs arte, haC reCVbat trIstI fVnere raptVs hVMo. The death of Caspar Cruciger, doctor of theology — iETHERls aD sVperas transIVIt CrVCIger arCes ORE hVIVs DoCVIt ChrIstVs In orbe sVo seMIferI phcebVs CentaVrI teCta sVbIbat, CrVCIger Vt fatI noXIa teLa tVLIt. EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 439 The death of John Langer, pastor of the church at Coburg — LangerVs sItVs hoC pVtrI est teLLVrIs In aLVo hInC aLtI notVs sIDera aD VsqVe poLI. haC tenVI CLaVsVM est LangerI CorpVs In Vrna spIrItVs at fatI nesCIVs astra sVbIt. sVstInet haC reqVIeM LangerVs Corpore terra NEsCIVs eXtIngVI spIrItVs astra CoLIt. LangerVs LIqVIt LVMen VItaLe Ioannes, LIbra VbI CceLestes eXCIpIebat eqVos. The death of Georgius Rhavus, printer at Wittenberg — MVsICa fLe, Vos LaVrIger^e LVgete sorores, . HoC rhaVVs bVsto gLorIa Vestra CVbat. oCCVLtI rapVIt raVVM VIoLentIa fatI herCVLe^ sVbIIt soL VbI terga fer^. The death of Vitus Theodoricus, pastor at Nuremberg — haC DatVs est VILI VItVs theoDorICVs arena steLLantIs frVItVr spIrItVs arCe poLI. hAC trIstI est CLaVsVs VItVs theoDorICVs In Vrna norICID^ popVLI pastor et VrbIs honos. fVnere perCVLsVs CeCIDIt theoDorICVs InIqVo, terga VbI LanIger^ phcebVs obIbat oVIs. phryX^^ sIDVs LVstrabat CynthIVs heLLes atropos Vt faLLaX te theoDorICe tVLIt. The death of Bernhard Cigler, doctor of theology — CIgLerI hIC trIstI CIneres retInentVr arena \ _ hVIVs LaVs phcebI pVLsat VtrVnqVe LareM. )~ ^^"^^ The death of John Spangenberg, pastor of God's church in Mansfeld — spangbergVs tenet hoC fVnCtVs CIt6 fVnere bVstVM, \_ qVI .ethereo ChrIstI neCtare paVIt oVes. /~ ^55° CessIt Vt eX VIta spangbergVs, tergora CanCrI \_ Cceperat aDDVCtIs Vrere phcebVs eqVIs. J '^^° HoC Vt spangbergVs MorIens eXCessIt ab ^Vo \_ CarCInVs ^thereos eXCIpIebat eqVos. /~ '^^° The death of John Marcellus Regiomontanus (Konigsberg) — phcebVs VbI reXIt per CaprI sIgna IVgaLes ) _ MarCeLLVs parC^ IVra seVera tVLIt. ) "" ^^52 The death of Jodocus Vuilich, doctor of medicine — VVILIChII raptI CapIVnt hIC ossa qVIeteM 1 qVI VIr phceb^a CLarVs In arte fVIt. / ^^^* sic ILLo eXCessIt trIstI VVILIChIVs ^Vo 1 oppetere est VIta sI MeLIore frVI. j^ ^^ h 1548 1548 \ 1548 }= 1548 }= 1548 }= 1548 }= 1549 /" T549 }- 1549 h 1549 440 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. The death of Joannes ^pinus, pastor at Hamburg — hAC sItVs eXCeLLens parV^e est ^pInVs In Vrna 1 qVI ChrIstI saCro seMIne paVIt oVes. /~ ^^53 H^C tenet ^pInI CIneres breVIs Vrna IoannIs \_ hVIVs LaVs CeLebrIs repLet VtrVnqVe poLVM. /~ ^^^^ The death of John Lindenmann, pastor in urbe Suinphordia — ConDItVr haC tenVI raptVs phILyranDer arenA \ qVI reX paVIt oVes InCLIte ChrIste tVas. j ^^53 The death of Erasmus Reinhold, mathematician and astronomer — LatonIVs LmDma VagVs LVstraVerat astra 'i _ hAC Vt reInhoLDVs LVCe soLVtVs obIt. /~ ^553 The death of the * most consummate ' painter, Lucas Cranach, the elder — HoC tegItVr s^Vo DefVnCtVs fVnere bVsto, \_ pIngenDI LVCas CLarVs In arte seneX. j~ ^554 The birth of Hieronymus Schuirphius, ' LL. Doctor in Germania ' — LVX fVIt aprILIs MensIs bIs seXta sVb aXe \_ natVs VbI In gaLLI est sCVIrphIVs Vrbe saCrI. j ~ ^^^^ His death — sCVIrphIVs InsIgnI LegVM VIr CLarVs ab arte, \ _ hIC CVbat In bVsto post sVa fata breVI. /~ ^^54 HoC reCVbat saXo Morbo ConfeCtVs et .eVo \ _ In IVrIs PRiESTANS sCVrphIVs arte seneX. /~ ^554 The death of Anne, the wife of Doctor George Sabin, and daughter of Melancthon — ConIVgII VInCLo VatI bene IVnCta sabIno 1 __ ANNA sVb hoC tVMVLo fVnere rapta tegor. /~ ^547 The death of Barbara, wife of Victorinus Strigelius, and daughter of Francis Burchard, of the Council of Saxony — HoC sIta strIgeLII ConIVX reqVIesCIt In arVo \ _ ossA LeVIs teLLVs, spIrItVs astra preMIt. j ^552 } tranqVILLa haC frVItVr tVMVLata qVIete sVb Vrna _ strIgeLIo soCIo Barbara IVnCta thoro. l^ ^552 The death of Dorothy, the wife of Hieronymus Schuirphius — IDVs qVInta DIes oCtobrIs ConstItIt ortV, ) _ nVpta est Vt sChVIrphI LVCe soLVta senIs. /^ ^549 hIC sChVrphI VXorIs CIneres retInentVr In Vrna \ _ Ignea VIs anIM^ teCta sVperna CapIt. / ~ ^549 sChVIrphIVs hoC saCrI IVrIs LegVMqVe perItVs ) _ EREPT.E posVIt ConIVgIs OSSA soLo. /~ '549 }= 1535 )= 1535 )- 1535 \ I 1535 }= 1535 }= i53« }= 1538 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 441 The death 'strenui viri Joannis nobilioris a Plaunitz J. V. doctoris ' — qVIntILIs soLes VbI erant bIs qVInqVe, Ioannes De pLaVnItz DoCtor CceLICa regna petIt. sic tVLIt a pLaVnItz patrI^e fera parCa IoanneM sIt sVper Vt CeLsP spIrItVs astra poLI. HoC si qVJs CernIs bVstVM sVbsIste, IoannIs hIC tenet a pLaVnItz CorporIs ossa LapIs. The death of Caspar, son of the above John of Plaunitz — Caspar In IgnotIs teCtVs IaCet aDVena terrIs De pLaVnItz patrII gLorIa LaVsqVe soLI. hIC reCVbat Caspar tenerIs abLatVs In annIs A pLaVnItz, VestrVM fata CrVenta nefas. The death of Sebald a Plaunitz — pLaVnItzIa satVs hIC reCVbat De stIrpe sebaLDVs iETHEREiE CeRNIt SPIrItVs ArCIs OpVs. pLaVnItzI^ ILLVstrIs seobaLDVs gLorIa gentIs HoC geLIDo In bVsto post sVa fata CVbat. The death of Barbara, wife of the noble John of Plaunitz — BARBARA De pLaVnItz ConIVX VeneranDa IoannIs 1 HoC tegIt Vt trIstI fVnere fVnCta LoCo. / ^^' The death of Magdalene, wife of the noble George a Plaunitz — nobILIs a pLaVnItz VXor generosa georgI \ _ aVr/e hIC VItaLIs LVMIne Cassa IaCet. /"" ^^44 ConIVgIs haC CorpVs reqVIesCIt MoLe georgI 1 ^ A pLaVnItz, patrI^ qVI tenet hVIVs opes. / ^"^^ The death of John Henry, son of the noble George a Plaunitz — pLaVnItzIa henrICVs prognatVs stIrpe Joannes 1^ haC reCVbat VILI fVnere fVnCtVs hVMo. / ^^ The death of Henry, son of Rudolph k Plaunitz — hIC IaCet henrICVs fLorentIbVs obsItVs herbIs 1 g De pLaVnItz gentIs LaVsqVe DoLorqVe sYje. / ^^ The death of George a Pinu, in the private service of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony, father of Joseph a Pinu, the author — A pInV haC CorpVs reqVIesCIt MoLe georgI, ) ^ ^ spIrItVs In CceLIs non obItVrVs agIt. j ^'^ Another, giving his age as forty-five — oCCVbVIt genItor fato perCVLsVs atroCI, 1 _ ^ yETATis nVMerans ter trIa LVstra sVm. f eXCepIt senIor tItanIa LVMIna ChIron "I _ ^ Vt genItor sVbIIt teLa CrVenta neCIs. / ^ Alluding to Aurelius Celsus, Roman medical writer. 56 442 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. ORTA PER VInOSI fVIt Vt TER NONA NOVeMbrIS ) _ InIeCIt LaChesIs VInCLa CrVenta patrI. /~ '54o si LegIs hVnC Vrn^ tItVLVM qVIs forte, georgI \ hIC posIta a pInV CorporIs ossa sCIas. / " ^^"^^ The death of Dorothy, the author's mother — a pInV IaCet hIC VXor tVMVLata georgI, STELLATiE LVstrat spIrItVs arCIs opVs. VIgesIMa oCtobrIs qVInta LVCente georgI } The death of Joseph a Pinu senior — hIC tenVI a pInV tegItVr IosephVs arena, Mens CapIt ^thereyE CceLICa regna pLag^. The death of Magdalena, his grandmother — MeVsLerI CVbat hIC paVLI VenerabILIs VXor; 1 In rVtITT VIVIt spIrItVs aXe poLI. / .*I-.*^. Pinu's next three works mentioned by Zedler are those which I had the advantage of consulting some five years ago, when I was hunting for Pinu's chronograms; and I then found in the British Museum Hbrary what seemed to supply at second-hand what was otherwise wanting — viz., a work in eleven thick dumpy volumes, entitled, ' Delitiae poetarum Germanorum hujus superiorisque aevi illustrium. CoUectore a. f. g. g. Francofurti, mdcxii.' Part V. of that work 1552 [gesIMa oCtobrIs qVInta LVCente georgI } _ Casta a pInV VXor teCta sVperna tVLIt. j ^^^^ 1527 The death of Frideric a Pinu — A pInV soboLes frIDerICVs Chara georgI, ") _ CreDItVs hoC pVtrI est post sVa fata soLo. j ~ ^^■^^ The death of Paul Meusler, the author's grandfather — Corporis ossa CapIt MfVsLerI patrIa paVLI ; }_ InCoLIt ^thereas spIrItVs Ipse pLagas. j~ ^^^^ 1528 The death of Catharine, wife of John Meusler, his uncle — MVsCVLVs hIC paVLo CretVs genItore Ioannes } _ EREPTiE posVIt ConIVgIs OSSA pIVs. j~ ^'^' The death of Barbara, wife of Andreas Musculus (Meusler), doctor of theology — HoC habItat saXo fatIs eXtInCta sInIstrIs ^ _ MeVsLero VInCLo Barbara IVnCta thorI. /~ ^^"^^ The death of Baldasar Hermann, Consul at Averbach — herMannVs patrI^ reXIt qVI ConsVL habenas ^ _ hVIVs, In hoC reCVbat post sVa fata LoCo. j " ^^ EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 443 contains a reprint from the ' Eteosticha,' and seems also to comprise the ' Catalogue of Academics.' I transcribed the whole of the chronograms which are there. They are printed in even type, with no distinction of size or otherwise to the numeral letters. I have, however, in what follows, restored the latter to the form in which the chronograms probably appeared in an original copy of the author's work. And here I present them as they appeared in my contribution to the pages of the Antiquary (vol. xxii.) for 1890 — JOSEPHI A PINU AUERBACHI. ETEOSTICHA. Annus initii academise Bononiensis — qVA IaCet antIqVIs habItata bononIa'^ boIIs, LaVrIgerI arX posIta est eX heLICone ChorI. Academiae Paduanse'^ — qVA. sIta In eVgeneIs Vrbs est antenorIs^ orIs, PHfEBE eXstrVCta tVo EST DoCta paLyestra gregI. Academiae Lutetianae^ — ^re strVI granDI sChoLa regIa CcepIt In Vrbe, qV^ PROpfc aqVas posIta est seqVana^ aqVose tVas. Academiae Ticinensis^ — Vrbs VbI tICInP InsIgnes sIta speCtat In VnDas, regIa tYrb^e aVLa est phcebe, statVta tV^. Annus^ mortis Caroli Magni — CceLestes pIsCes Latoo LVCe petente, heCtoreIs ab aVIs CaroLe rete perIs. Academiae Lugdunensis'' — qVa prope aqVas rhoDanF est Vrbs aLta statVta VIrentes,' faCta est gorgoneI regIa CLara gregIs. Academiae Montespessulani— aVrea VbI petIt assVrgens Mons pessVLVs^ astra, parnasso e bIJVgo fLorVIt aVLa gregIs. Alberti Magni mors — aLberte^ es fato properantI Magne soLVtVs, tangIs VbI ^tatIs LVstra bIs oCto tV^.. Academiae Perusianae — perVsIn^^*^ VrbIs Ccepere LyC^.a VIgere, \ _ qV^ prIVs annoso Mersa fVere sItV. j~ ^^^° ]- 447 r 791 h 791 r 794 )- 814 )- 830 }= 1196 1= 1280 ' Bologna, in Italy, which in the time of its early history was occupied by the ancient tribes of Boil. ^ Padua, in Italy, is said to have been founded by Antenor. See Virgil, ^nid., i. 243-249. ^ Paris. * The river Seine. * Pavia, on the river Ticino. ^ This chronogram makes only 714 ; it seems to relate to Charlemagne, who died in the year 814 ; it alludes to the zodiac sign Pisces, the month February. ^ Lyons, on the river Rhone. * Montpeliier. * Albertus Magnus, a Swabian scholar and writer. ^^ Perugia in Italy. 444 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. Academise Aurelianse — PROPTER aqVas LIgerIs^ phcebeIs regna CoLentI, regIa faCta ^eDes est habItanDa gregI. Academiae Ferrariensis^ — fVnData est gregIs aonII sChoLa grata parentI, aLgentIs propter Lata fLVenta paDI.^ Academiae Pisanse — qVa resonans pIsas^ pr^terfLVIt arnVs hetrVsCas, gvMnasII InstItVI nobILe CcepIt opVs. Academiae Heidelbergensis — eLeCtorIs VbI eXVrgVnt paLatIa rhenI, CceperVnt MVsIs grata theatra strVI. Bartoli obitus — eXpLeVIt CLarVs nataLes bartoLVs annos, assVrgIt MVrIs qVA pataVrIna sVIs. Academiae Viennensis — paLLaDIs VnIgen^ eXstrVCta est CVLtorIbVs aVLa, qVa IaCet aVstrIaCIs pVLCra VIenna pLagIs. Academiae Pragensis — aerIas qVa praga^ potens se toLLIt In aVras, aVLa CerebrIgen^ est .eDIfICata De^. Joannis Boccatii obitus — ter trIa boCCaCI IMpL^stI septennIa VIt.^, PENSA tIbI e ternIs fregIt VbI Vna soror. Bombarda inventa — fatIfera InnotVIt sVb CiESARE MaChIna InertI, aVras In teneras qVm IaCIt Igne gLobos. Academiae Coloniensis — aVrea agrIppIn^^ sVnt tegMIna strVCta CohortI, qV^ IVga parnassI nVbIbVs ^qVa CoLIt. Academiae Erphordiensis'^ — propter aqVas gher^ sVnt strVCta theatra thyrIngI,' *In qVIbVs aonIDes DoCta IVVenta CoLIt. Academiae Cracoviensis^ — seDes sVnt posIt^ IoVIs ort^e VertICe DIViE, graCChI Vrbs qVA VeterIs sVrgIt In astra poLI. Baldi obitus — In tVa, ChIron,^ eqVI phcebI sVnt teCta reCeptI, DesIIt Vt baLDVs VIVere, IVrIs honos. Academiae Lipsiensis — ter trIbVs eX parnasso arX est eXstrVCta pVeLLIs, Vbere qVa terra LypsIs^*^ aMcena IaCet. ]- h 1312 1316 1339 1346 1355 1363 1371 1376 1380 1398 1392 1400 1400 1409 ^ The river Loire. 2 Ferrara, in Italy, near the river Po. * Pavia, on the river Ticino in Italy. * Pisa, on the river Arno. ' Prague. « Cologne. ' Erfurt, in Thuringia, ^ Cracow. * The zodiac sign Sagittarius, which the sun entered about 20th November. ^* Leipzig. EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 445 Hussi nex — bIs qVarta ILLVXIt MensIs qVIntILIs Vt hVssVsI ConstantP Constans VstVs In Vrbe pekIt. Academiae Rostochiensis — iETHEREl qV^ De PATRIs EST PROGNATA CeREBRO, rostoChIP saCra sVnt teCta statVta Dkje. Academise Lovaniensis — TER trInIs nyMphIs phceboqVe statVta LoVanI-'^ perpetVa CeLebrIs nobILItate sChoLa est. Joannis Gersonis obitus — soL pVnCta Vt prIM^ tetIgIt partIs prope CanCrI,* gerson'* obIt, fatI Lege IVbente pIVs. Artis typographicae inventio — eXhIbVIt nobIs qVje IMpressos ^re LIbeLLos sVb proaVo ars nota est, CaroLe faCta tVo. Francisci Philelphi mors — eX tenebrIs seCLI pIVs IVIt aD astra phILeLphVs, .etatIs speCtat LVstra VbI Dena sVm. Academiae Griveswaldensis — aLta sVIs sVrgIt qVa grIVesVVaLDIa^ teCtIs, CeCropI^ noVa sVnt fIXa theatra De^. Laurentii Valloe obitus — eXIgV^ CVMVLo VaLLa^ est hIC pressVs aren^ ; LaVs VIget In terrIs ; spIrItVs astra tenet, Erasmus Roterodamus natus — In VIt^e est sVaVes aVras eXortVs erasMVs, aCCIpIt Vt CVrrVs sCorpIo/ phcebe, tVos. Academiae Ingolstadiensis — qVA prope DanVbII IaCet IngoLstaDIa rIpas, phcebI sVnt Casto faCta theatra Chord. Joannis Molitoris Regiomontani^ — Laton^ soboLes pr/eCLara In pIsCe tenetVr,^ MoLItor Vt terras LInqVIt, et astra sVbIt. Academiae Tubingensis — atrIa tVbIng^^ sVnt CLar^ LoCata MInerV^., aLtIsonI a CapIte est qVje genekata patrIs. Martinus Lutherus nascitur — pone seqVens NONAS CceLo orta est qVInta noVeMbrIs Casta Vt te genVIt CLare LVthere, parens. = 1415 = 1419 = 1427 = 1429 = 1440 = 1448 = 1457 = 1457 = 1465 1 = \ = 1472 1476 1477 1483 ^ Constance, where the steadfast reformer, Huss, was burnt. ^ Rostock. * Louvain. * The sun entered the sign Cancer about 20th June. This Gerson was the French theologian, Chancellor of the University of Paris, the supposed writer of the ' De imitatione Christi.' ' Griefswald, in Prussia. " Lorenzo Valla, an Italian writer. '' The sun entered the sign Scorpio about 20th October. ^ Konigsberg. ® Tubingen. 446 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. Rodolphi Agricolse^ mors — qVA ter CLara IaCet trIbVs heyDeLberga DeabVs ) _ rVrICoLa^ e terra raptVs In astra fVIt. / ~ ^^^5 Eboani Hessi^ natalis — CcEPERAT Vt gLaVCo natI apparere CabaLLVs,2 |_ eDItVs est Vates hessIDos ora tVVs. /~ ^'^ Academiae Basiliensis — DIV^ qV^ IngenIIs PRiEEST, sVnt ConDIta teCta VICIna Vrbs rheno qVA. basILea^ IaCet. Philippi Melanchtonis natus — oCtaVa Vt pVLChro febrVI bIs LVXIt oLyMpo, te patrIo genVIt bretta,^ phILIppe, soLo. Joannis Brentii natalis — eXIt Vt aerIas In LVCIs brentIVs oras, PER CanCrP IMpegIt VIsCere phcebVs eqVos. Joach : Camerarii ortus — EST CreatVs CLara CaMerarIVs Vrbe paberga,^ ORTA TER aprILIs LVX VbI qVarta fVIt. Academise Wittebergensis — aLbICoLa fertVr phqebo frIDerICVs In Vrbe DVX saXo posItos ConstItVIsse Lares. Jacobi Micylli natalis — TE Vates nasCI VoLVerVnt fata MICyLLT, aprILIs bIs LVX tertIa Vt orta fVIt. Academia Francofurdensis ad Viadrum'' — arX VIaDrF fLaVas prope aqVas est strVCta DeabVs, PARNASsI aonII qYm IVga CeLsa CoLVnt. Conradi Celtae obitus — VItaLI est CeLebrIs spoLIatVs LVMIne CeLtes febrVa VbI aerIo qVarta sVb aXe fVIt. Georgii Sabini natalis — Vt LVX eXorItVr VICesIMa tertIa aprILIs, VoCe sabIne potens nasCerIs atqVe Lyra. Angeli Politiani mors — spICa Vago oCCVMbens se VesperI In ^qVore tInXIt, poLItIanVs VbI hoC raptVs ab orbe fVIt. Joannis Stigelii ortus — protVLIt In LVCeM genItrIX te CLare stIgeLI, PER loVIs Vt IVVenes^ soLIs agVntVr eqVI. )= 1489 )= 1497 h 1499 h 1500 1502 h 1503 h 1506 h 1508 h 1508 r 1509 1= 1516 ^ A German philosopher whose name is further Latinized as ' Ruricola ' ; his real name was Huysmann. *^ Eboanus Hessus, a German poet. This chronogram marks a date by some astronomical allusion. » Basle, on the Rhine. * Bretta, or Bretheim, in the Palatinate. The precise date is marked by the arrival of the sun at the body of the sign Cancer, June-July. * Bamberg. 7 Frankfurt, on the Oder. Meanmg the sign Gemini, the twins, which the sun entered about May 20, EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 447 Georgii Fabricii, Chemnic : mors — pegaseIs orerIs fabrICI grate CaMcenIs, PHCEB^EA aspera hyas LVCe VbI teCta Latet. Christophori Longolii mors — oCCIDIt eVganeIs Letho LongoLIVs orIs, ASTR^iE In Castro soLe seDente sInV. Ulrici Hutteni mors — IgnIfer In tepIDo fVLsIt soL syDere LIbr^/ hVttene, Vt CceLI teCta beata CapIs. Victorini Strigelii^ natalis — VICtorIne parens VIt^e te Donat Vt IstI, DeLIaCas aLgens respICIs, hIrCe, rotas. Nicolai Leoniceni'^ mors — soLstItIVM CceLo tItan peragrabat Vt aLto, parCa feroX terra te LeoCene rapIt. Thorns Linacri mors — toLLIt se CcrLo sVb Vespere atLantIas aLto, teMpore qVo LInaCer^ raptVs ab orbe perIt. Petri Mosellani mors — toLLIt VbI eoa e ponto se pLeIas In astra, MoseLLan/E^ sVbIs trIstIa VInCLa neCIs. Caspar Peucerus oritur — peVCere,*^ aerI^ ContIngIs LVMIna VIt^, stIrps LatonIa VbI te CaprICorne tenet. Alberti Dueri mors — arIetIs Vt genItor phaetontIs sIgna reCenset, DVerVs' CceLI LVCIDa teCta petIt. Bilibaldi Byrghaymeri^ mors — ConsILIo Vt byrghayMerVs bonVs eXIt ab orbe soL PROPE ContaCto pIsCe peregIt Iter. Joannis Majoris obitus — iERlFER^ VaLLIs CeLeBRIs TE IaNE POETA LVCIna genItrIX Casta faVente DeDIt. Joannis Stoffleri^ mors — pIsCIbVs It raDIans DeVs InsIgnIta per astra, stoffLere InIeCIt parCa VbI VInCLa tIbI. ^ The fiery sun is here supposed to meet the cold star in Libra, some day in September or October. ^ A German divine. ^ An Itahan physician and philologist. * Thomas Linacre, physician to Henry VIII., of England. ^ Peter Mosellanus, a German philologist. ® Gaspar Peucer, a German mathematician, was born, it is said, in 1525 ; the chronogram makes 1529. The day and month are obscurely marked by an astronomical allusion. "^ Albert Diirer died in 1528. 8 Wilibald Pirkheimer, a German scholar and author ; the name varied perhaps by local pronunciation. ^ A Swiss mathematician ; the date is marked by the sun entering the sign Pisces, about February 20. [•-= I5I6 1 = 1522 [ = 1523 1 = 1524 W- 1524 \ = 1524 \ = 1524 1 = 1525 \ = 1528 \ = I53I [ = 1533 [ = 1534 448 EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. Acadetnise Marpurgensis^ — aVLa gregI CLarIo est a prInCIpe strVCta phILIppo aD VIrIDes LanP pr^tereVntIs aqVas. Ulrici Zasii mors — iETHERls Vt sVper^ sVCCessIt zasIVs^ arCI, EOS arMIgerI ConspICIt astra IoVIs. Erasmi Roterodami mors — In tenVes CLarVs Ventos VbI CessIt erasMVs, herCVLeI prope soL sIgna LeonIs erat. Gymnasii Argentinensis — strVCta argentInP sVnt aVspICe teMpLa senatV, PHCEBO et pIerIIs et heLICone ChorIs. Euritii Cordi obitus — grate gregI, CorDe, aonIo te fata tVLerVnt, LanI PrIsCa VaDIs Vrbs VbI IVnCta IaCet. Academise Hafniensis — DoCtIs CoLLapsa est sChoLa restaVrata DeabVs hafnIa^ qVA ^qVoreIs pVLsa ferItVr aqVIs. Helii Eboani Hessi obitus — LVCe MInVs qVInta oCtobrIs sVa fata peregIt PHCEBO hessVs gratVs CastaLIoqVe Choro. Guilhelmi Budsei mors — oCCVbVIt CLarVs fato bVD^Vs^ InIqVo, ASTR^^ In Casto soLe seDente sInV. Simonis Grynsei mors — gryn.e.e'' es DVro resoLVtVs CarCere CarnIs, Vrbs rhenI IVnCta est qVA basILIa VaDIs. Contarini Cardinalis mors — fata DeCVs LatII Vt fers Contarene^ senatVs, perCVrrIt CLarIVs VIrgInIs astra DeVs. Hieronymi Aleandri mors — SEPTENOS noVIes aLeanDer^ CLaVsIt VbI annos, eX mVo LVbrICo CeDIt In astra poLI. Joannis Eckii mors — fVLserat a Iano DeCIes trItonIa ConIVnX, eCCP" Vt te stabILes sVrrIpVere Deje. Academiae Regiomontanae — ^^ arX est aonII fabrICata heLIConIs aLVMnIs, heIC VbI arenosas bregeLa^^ VoLVIt aqVas. 1535 1535 1536 1536 1538 1540 1540 1540 1541 1542 1542 1543 1544 ^ Marburg in Germany. ^ The river Lahn. ' Ulrich Zase, a Swiss jurist. * Sirasburg. This chronogram seems to be wrong — it makes 1528. ^ Copenhagen. ^ Guillaume Bude, a French writer. ^ Simon Grynaeus, a German theologian, died at Basle on the Rhine. ^ Gasparo Contarini, Italian cardinal, statesman and legate. ^ Jerome Aleandre, French Hellenist, cardinal, Archbishop of Brindes. ^^ Johann Eckius, Chancellor of the University of Ingolstadt, opponent of Luther. ^^ Konigsberg. '^ The river Pregel. EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 449 Valerii Cordi mors — • CorDVs^ VbI pr^stans fato est sVbLatVs aVaro, soLe sVb oCCIDVo nerea spICa sVbIt. Martini Lutheri obitus — atrIa te CceLI posCVnt pIe CeLsa LVthere, LVX febrVI postqVaM nona bIs orta fVIt. Petri Bembi mors — affLICta Vt teLLVs est teVtonIa VULnere beLLI, beMbe2 sVbIs trIstIs bLVra (st'c) seVera neCIs. Caspari Crucigeri mors — oCCVbVIt CrVCIger^ fato, tot trIVIt Vt annos, ASTRA ophIVChI angVIs qVot geMInata tenet. Academiae Dillinganse — In qVa saCra CoLIt? phoebI stVDIosa IVVentVs, Vrbe In DILLInga strVCta paL^stra fVIt. Viti Theodorici mors — haC trIstI est CLaVsVs VItVs theoDorICVs In Vrna, norICID^ popVLI pastor et VrbIs honos. Granvellani Cardinalis obitus — LIMIna granVILLan/E sVbIs IVnonIs aVern^e, sVCCessIt teCtIs soL VbI VIrgo tVIs. Paulli Fagii mors — soL orto, VoLVCrVM regIna LeVatVr In ortV, fagIVs* Vt sentIt teLa CrVenta neCIs. Andreae Alciati mors — sVsCepIt CynthII troIanVs pLaVstra MInIster, aLCIate^ has ponIs CarnIs Vt eXVVIas. Academise Jenensis — Vrbs VbI saLICoLa est Wis sIta CLara, Ioannes gyMnasII prInCeps nobILe strVXIt opVs. Martini Buceri mors — CVrrIt Vt obLIqVo per pIsCes traMIte phgebVs, bVCerVs" fceLIX regna sVperna CapIt. Andrese Osiandri mors — VerIDIC^ seCVere osIanDro^ fILa sorores, oCtobrIs fLVXIt tVnC VbI qVarta qVater. Caspari Hedionis mors — eXtVLIt ora seqVens oCtobrIs LVCIfer IDVs, heDIo^ VbI parC^ Lege soLVtVs obIt. = 1544 = 1545 = 1547 = 1548 = 1549 = 1549 = 1550 = 1550 = 1550 = 1550 = 1551 = 1552 = 1552 ^ Valerius Cordus, German physician and botanist. ^ Peter Bembo, cardinal, historian, and poet. ^ Caspar Creutziger, German Protestant theologian. * Paul Fagius, the Latin of his name Bucheim, Lutheran promoter of the Reformation at Cambridge. ^ Andrea Alceati, Italian jurist, scholar and writer. ® Martin Bucer, German reformer and writer. ^ Andreas Osiander, German Lutheran divine. * Caspar Hedio, German reformer and writer. 57 45° EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. Jodoci Willicbii mors — sic ILLo eXCessIt trIstI VVILIChIVs ^Vo, OPPETERE EST VItA sI MeLIoRE FrVI. Joannis ^.pini mors — H^C TENET ^pInI^ CIneres breVIs Vrna IoannIs, hVIVs LaVs CeLebrIs repLet VtrVnqVe poLVM. Erasmi Reinholdi mors — qVIntILes qV^ pra:CessIt bIs seXta CaLenDas, reInhoLDe,2 h^C fatIs LVX fVIt atra tVIs. Georgii principis Anhaldini mors — MerspVrgI PRiEsVL saCer hoC eXCessIt ab orbe, VesperI VbI oCeanI pLeIas eXIt aqVIs. Sebastian! Munsteri mors — qVIntILIs fVeRAT LVCeS Vt qVInqVe PERACTiE, MVnstere,^ e VIVIs te CIto parCa rapIt. Jacobi Sturmii mors — stVrMIVs* astrIgero est fceLIX VbI In orbe reCeptVs, sCorpIo soLares eXCIpIt aCer eqVos. Hieronymi Schuirphii mors — IngenVa ab LegVM VIr CLarVs sChVIrphIVs arte, hVC ponI IVssIt Corporis ossa sVL Lucae Cranachii senioris mors — haC tegItVr raptVs sVb tVMba fVnere LVCas,^ qVI VIr apeLL/ea CLarVs ab arte fVIt. Justi Jonas mors — IVstVs VbI oCCVbVIt perCVLsVs fVnere Ionas,^ FRONS CVM soLe nepe tethyos Intrat aqVas. Joannis Fosteri mors — reLLIqVIt VIt^ eXtInCtVs fosterVs Vt aVras, aChronICo Castor sVrgIt aD astra graDV. Joannis Burgenhagii mors — syDVs VbI eX oCVLIs pLVVIaLe aVfertVr hyantIs, trIstIs Dat LaChesIs te bVgenhage neCI. Jani Cornarii mors — eXCeLLens phcebI, CornarI/ VIrIbVs artIs, eXVVIas soLVIt parCa MaLIgna tVas. Jacobi Micylli mors — obLIqVa IoVIs Vt pVerI stat ? phcebVs In Vrna, te MICyLLe aVfert Vis trVCVLenta neCIs. = 1552 = 1553 = 1553 = 1553 = 1553 = 1553 = 1554 = 1554 = 1555 = 1556 = 1558 = 1558 = 1558 ^ Johann ^pinus, German theologian and reformer. 2 German mathematician and astronomer. 3 Sebastian Munster, German rabbinical scholar and theologian. * Jacob Sturm, German magistrate and diplomatist. ^ Lucas Cranach, German painter. ^ Justus Jonas, German Lutheran divine and writer. ^ Johann Cornarius, German physician and writer. EPIGRAMS BY JOSEPH A PINU. 451 Philippi Melanthonis mors — POST IDVs Vt seXta poLo LVX sVrgIt aprILIs, \_ /- VlTA CLaVsIstI CLare phILIppe DIes. /" ^ The next work in order of date mentioned by Zedler is * Catalogum Romanorum et Germanicorum Imperatorum.' Wittenberg, 1562, 8vo. It is probably chronogrammatic ; but I have not met with a copy. The last of the works of Joseph a Pinu mentioned by Zedler is a small rare tract of thirty-five leaves : * Carmina C^esarum, Regum, et Archi- ducum aliquot ex familia Austriaca natales et obitus numeris indicantia. Authore Jos : a Pinu. Foe : coronato. mdlxxxii.' (1582). It contains epigrams and poems in honour of various distinguished persons, and fourteen chronograms of the birth or death of German emperors from Rudolph, in 1291, to Maximilian II., in 1527, in hexameter and pentameter couplets, which are to be seen transcribed in my volume, Chronograms, 1882, page 121. This and the first-mentioned tracts are in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley. I know not of any other copies. -m-v^^ The frequently mentioned and last in date of the works of Pinu can now be accounted for ; the volume must be called a most rare one. It lately came into the hands of a continental book-dealer, and is now in the library of the Rev. W. Begley. It is a small book of 126 pages, 6x4 inches in size, bearing this title : ' Josephi a Pinu Averbachii eteostichorum liber. Ejusdem senigmatum de annis natalibus illus- trium, ac clarorum virorum libellus.' Printed at Witteberg, 1561. It contains 415 chronograms, composed in Latin distichs, in the style commonly used by the author. They relate to a great variety of subjects, such as the death of Adam, the date of the deluge, the death of Noah, the patriarchs, events in the Old Testament, all the emperors from Constantine (a.d. 364), and the German emperors down to Ferdinand, and a host of distinguished persons and events connected with Germany, repeating some chronograms from earlier works and adding many fresh ones. Enough, however, has been transferred to my pages to exempt me from dealing with the 415 chronograms contained in the rare little volume. The * Enigmas ' therein included exceed one hundred in number ; though not exactly chronograms, they are so composed as to indicate dates and numbers in a curious, but a very puzzling, fashion. 452 EPIGRAMS— CALENDARIUM POETICUM. There is yet to be noticed one more book by this particular group of writers ; and being the last of them which has reached me, I place it next to its prototype, the works of Joseph a Pinu. It is a very rare work, produced in 1580 by Johannes Dinkelius ; the copy which I have used, a recent arrival from Germany, is now in the library of the Rev. Walter Begley. The title-page is : ' Calendarium Poeticum, sive Doctrina patefaciens viam inquirendi tempora, diesve, apoetis insignium stellarum ortibus aut occasibus denotatos : modumque seu artificium ostendens, quo nostro seculo quilibet dies propositus ad imitationem eorum, ortu aut occasu alicujus stellse describi queat : Illustrata omnium fermb dierum . . . (the word is obliterated) ex veteribus et recentioribus poetis, aliorumque versificum carminibus, a M. lohanne Dinkelio. Addita sunt sub finem appendicis titulo et alia quaedam, ad tales descriptiones apprime necessaria. Anno mdlxxx.' At the end of the dedication the author signs his name thus — M. lohan. Dinckelius Academia Erfordiana Grammaticae Ebreae et Dial: Professor. The book contains about 80 chronograms in hexameter and pentameter couplets, arranged in months progressively from January to December, but not in successive years ; the year dates are promiscuous down to 1576. The chronograms are altogether the most difficult set I have met with, inasmuch as they are constructed on what I have called the astronomical method of defining dates by the position of certain stars at the particular periods, combined with the additional obscurity of being printed entirely in even letters, the numerals in no way distinguished from their associated letters. The first difficulty the author tries to help by a table of the zodiac signs and dates, indicating the sun's supposed path through them at the time he was writing, also the same at a somewhat later time, when the sun was delaying its supposed progress through that path. Astronomy tells us of the * precession of the equinoxes ' as the cause of this always progressive irregularity. There the attempted explanation must rest while we return to the chronograms. The author gives further help by appending to each chronogram his own explanation of the day, month, and year. I have overcome the other difficulty by taking the trouble to reduce the author's plain print into proper chronogram form, and I find them so far correct. He gives the names of the authors of what his book contains ; that of Joseph a Pinu is appended to a large proportion, and in many other instances they are attributed to {name absent or unknown). The subjects are mostly personal, such as the dates of the birth or death of distinguished people, others allude to historical and military events, most of which we have heard of before, and so call for no repetition here. The book is an early example of what my volumes evidently are — viz., a collection of the labours of other writers. I append as specimens the first and the last of the author's series. EPIGRAMS— CALENDARIUM POETICUM. 453 By Joseph h. Pinu, January 2 — eXorerIs CrVCIger pIe, VbI Vespere orIon LjeVI eoo eXIt CarDIne steLLa peDIs. By December 26 — VICtorIne parens VIt^e te Donat Vt IstI, DeLIaCas aLgens respICIs hIrCe rotas. The colophon is as follows (within an ornamental border)- ERFORDIAE Suis Typis describebat lohannes Pistorius, finiebatque anno DoMInI serVo aVXILIatVrI, die vero mensis Julii xviii., mane oriente Canicula quae alio nomine dicetur Procyon. }= 1499 1524 = 1580 XXXIX. MISCELLANEOUS L THE SACRAMENT MIRACLE. HEN searching for chronograms one particular subject is often met with, the ' Sacrament miracle,' which has already been noticed at page 176 of the present volume. A volume of tracts and pamphlets in the British Museum library (press- mark 11555. ee. i) lettered on the back *J. F. Pauwels gedichten,' comprises two tracts, the first of which has a title commencing, ' Negenvoudigen jubel-galm,' etc. (relating to jubilee festivals held at Brussels on July 16, 1820, and in the year 1770) — appLaUDIMUs saCrosanCt.e JUbILatIonI. = 1820 Printed at Antwerp. On the back of the title-page are the following — VenIstI teMpVs aCCeptabILe, DIes saLUtIs I ) = DILUCULUM reLIgIonIs ! ALUs LUCIDULUM L^tItI^ ! )- The subject is all in rhyming verse in the Flemish language, with- out chronograms, but in the footnotes the following occur — reCorDatIo MagnIfICa ILLUXIt ! beneDICet In sUa CLeMentIa popULIs sUIs. = HoC JUbIL^UM DeCor Ingens popULI nostrI. = ILLUstrI JUbILatIone DeLeCtaMUr. eCCe Vere-MIrIfICUs IbI DeUs. ConCessIt DeUs beLgIo sUo JUbILatIoneM. = DIes CLeMentI^e beLgIs ILLUXIt. eXUnDante peCCato MULta fLagra. = 1820 1820 1820 I620 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 THE SACRAMENT MIRACLE. 455 o saLUtarIs hostIa ! "j beLgas fIDeLes keCrea: 1= 1820 pIos DoLentes aDJUVa. J eCCe DeCUs Vere-VestrUM. = 1820 And here ends the tract. ■*$^ The second tract bears this title — Triumphus veritatis et religionis. Sive Annus quadringentesimus quinquagesimus, quo tres miraculosse hostiae adhuc integrse, Apud Bruxellenses, in sede D. V. Michaelis et Gudulse, publicse Adoration! etiamnum expositse, adservantur, et in processione solemni 16'* et 30™^ Juhi anni currentis 1820, ad fidehum consolationem circumducentur aDorate peCULIarI VeneratIone \_ MIraCULosas hostIas. /~ ^^^° Printed at Antwerp, On the back of the title-page this is in bold print — eXCeLsUM 1 ConLaUDate. ]^ '^'° The subject is in Latin, in irregular lines, having the appearance of a monumental inscription, describing the miraculous event. It con- tains these chronograms — et eCCe eVentUs InsIgnIs MIraCULI. = 1370 HoC saCraMento gaUDeant brUXeLLenses. = 1820 ILLa soLennItas peCULIare petIt gaUDIUM. = 1820 bUCCInate tUba, In DeVotIone MagnIfICa! = 1820 And here ends the tract A CONSUL OF COLOGNE. THE volume containing the following address did not come under my notice until after the more appropriate place for it, viz., page 30 of this volume, had passed through the press. A tract in the British Museum library, press-mark 11409. h. 32. (5), consisting of eight pages folio size, has a boldly-printed full title-page 456 A CONSUL OF COLOGNE. almost entirely in chronogram. It is anonymously addressed to a magistrate of Cologne, Joannes Henricus Wintzler, who, after filling many grades of official duty, was elected, on May 13, to the dignity of consul. Much compliment is conveyed to him by allusions to the oak-tree (Quercus), which was a conspicuous device in his armorial shield. The title-page, printed in bold type, a good specimen of the particular kind of composition, is as follows — HONGS eX aLta raDICe LaborVM = 1716 aD rhenVM ConspICVVs, = 17 16 Quando perillustris strenuus, amplissimus et consultissimus vir ac Dominus, Joannes Henricus de Wintzler, POST ConCensos MagIstratVs freqVentes graDVs, = 1 7 16 ET Labores aD VsVM reIp: herCVLeos, = 1716 ore senatVs et popVLI CoMpLaVDente, = 17 16 phcebo sVb MaIo Dengs aC tres "\ _ ^ CVrsVs tenente, j ~ ^ ^ ^ aD ConsVLatVM eLIgebatVr. = 1716 CABALISTICO- VOTIVUM: Clavifer, ac Sacra Clavum rege Fortior Urbe ! 324. 4. 175. 454. 97. 375. 287. = 1716 Da, Iliceos Superes, Urbe vovente, dies ! . 5 186 530 287 600 108 = 1716 The imprint is also in chronogram, and, if not unique, it is most unusual, thus — CoLonI^ typIs VIDV^ petrI theoDorI hILDen. = 17 16 On the back of the title-page the following is printed, the chrono- grams being marked oiFby a star Jf, each making 17 16 — PARAPHRASIS CHR ONOL O GICO-ENTHEMA TA. eCCVr par DIVarVM prgncea et astr^a,* CVra qVarVM reCte DIsponere* CVr DVCaMVs otIa ?* en MVnItVs CaDVCeo,* aLLabans aD aVres MerCVrIVs,* VaCatVraM DenVnCIat. * LVCtVs De fronte LegIMVs, * DgLgres aVgVst^i gre MVto CoLgnI^,!* CgnsVLe per gMen fataLe VIDVAT7E.=«f age DVM h^C IaCtVra reparetVr,* fas esto sVCCeDere nVbI PHCEBVM,5«f sCen^ CrVent^ gaVDIVM,^^ ET PRG aVgenDa CgnsVLVM gLgrIa,* seXtVM sCeptrg DeCorarL* eCCe DIXeraMVs :5tf arDVa qVerCVs proMI- Qkt,-¥ qVerCVs pLena gLanDIVM,* aVgVr per baCCas testes GRANDIVM.3«f MoX Ita ConCors grDo senatVs:* qVerCVs aDI sCeptrVM,* Dans syLV^ qVasI DgDone^ 0RACVLA:5tf henrICVM qVerCVs DENGTAT,5«f ngVg hgngrIs graDV sVCCessgreM ;•¥ qVeM DeCenter e frVCtIbVs* Cognosces regenDa Vrbs VBloRVM.^f ^ Colonia Augusta, the City of Cologne. A CONSUL OF COLOGNE. 457 Then follow complimentary poems in Latin hexameter and penta- meter verse, with these chronogram titles — The first poem — LVDVs SYMBOLIC Vs. = 17 16 aD qVerCVM sCVtL = 17 16 LIgna De VertICe regIo sIbI VngenDo \_ >. DeLIberant.i /- ^7i(> qVerCVs DeCorata trIVMphat. = 17 16 The second poem — faMa CanIt qVerna teXtas e fronDe Coronas, = 17 16 OB CIVes serVatos qVonDaM Cessas, = 17 16 NGN FALLVnT DoCVMeNTA sVpERBA TROPHiEL = 1 7 16 The third poem — In raMo qVerCVs fceCVnDo = 17 16 ConDeCens aVgVrIVM; = 17 16 feLICItas et spLenDor fVtVrI regIMInIs. = 1716 The fourth poem — qVerCVs assVrgens MoLe soLIDa, = 1716 aDVersVs teMpestates InConCVssa, = 17 16 syMboLon ConsILII not^qVe fortItVDInIs. = 17 16 The tract concludes with the following ' Epigramma Chronosti- cum ' — In DIeM I . ConsVLIs agrIppIn^e saLVtatI. / ^^^ Dena tVLIt MaII VIgILes et tertIa fasCes,^ = 17 16 fLorIDa nVM eLeCto regna fVtVra neges? = 1716 strenVVs aLCIDes DVoDenos ferre Labores^ = 1716 DICtVs ; aDhVC anno fer Data regna sVper. — 1716 aLLVsIo aD sCVtVM = 17 16 ET aD faVtores VnA. CVM arIstarCho. = 17 16 paCeM DeXtra CVpIt,* CLarens Manet aLtera VInDeX;^^ \ _ ^ ILICIs VMbra tIbI, seLIge, Dona fa Vet.* J " ^'^^ CceCVs erIt MorDaX* qVerCVs hIC MVnera roDens,* 1 , CLaVIgerane ManV terga DoLentVr ? age.* / ^'^ L^Dat CLaVa MInaX!* et ConsVL LaVDe trIVMphet!*) ante peDes CVIVs Monstra reseCta rVant.^ / 1716 ^ Here reference is made to the Book of Judges ix. 8, and following verses (Vulgate Version), ' lerunt ligna ut ungerent super se regem. . . . Impera nobis.' 'The trees went forth ... to anoint a king over them,' etc. ' This line expresses the date, May 13, 17 16. ' Alcides, one of the names of Hercules ; his twelve labours. * This is the first example I have met with of metrical lines containing more than one chronogram, as here marked off by stars. Each of the three hexameters contains the date 1 7 16 twice. 58 458 A LONDON BROADSIDE. A LONDON BROADSIDE. IN the ' Foster Library ' at the South Kensington Museum^ there is a broadside entitled ' A Funerall Elegie on the unfortunate death of that worthy Major Edward Grey, luly 26, 1664.' On the same leaf there is an anagram on his name, etc., and a chronogram. The latter is as follows — strenVVs & eXpertVs "1 MaIor grey V= 1644 CaDIt & eXpIraVIt. J Printed at London. . . . 1644. In the same library there is a volume of ' Proclamations ' and various papers, one of which is a broadside entitled ' London's new Recorder ; or certain Queres to be resolved by the Old Recorder, for London's further welfare.' Then follow twenty-five causes of complaint, put in the form of questions, about London customs, some relating to matters of local and personal controversy and religious differences, others directed in satirical terms against the Puritans. The last of the series of questions is, ' Whether the old Recorder shall not be better imployed in staying here to resolve all these Quaeres, then his other ten fellow members hath been in giving occasions to raise them, and then running away.' These chronograms then follow — CIVItas CrVenta LonDInensIs, erIt regIs reLIgIonIs, 1 , LegIs aC totIVs gentIs angLICan^ proDItrIX. / ~ ^ ^^ CIVes CrVentI LonDInenses (nI JehoVah prohIbet) erVnt"! regIs, reLIgIonIs, LegIs, aC totIVs gentIs angLICan^e j- = 1640 proDItores. I ChrIst prevents, or LonDon's rebeLLIon brIngs rVIne\ _ , TO engLanD's ChVrCh, LaVVes, kIng & peopLe. ]~ ^ ^'^ ChrIst saVe our engLIsh ChVrCh, LaVVes, kIng VVIth^ state \= 1 640 BY London's fVrIe shaLL be DesoLate. J THE faLse sCots LonDon shaLL ConfVsIon brIng \ TO engLanD's reLIgIon, LaVVes, VVhoLe state & kIng./ London's rebeLLIon VVIth sCots treaChery, \_ ^ brIng our engLanD's ChVrCh kIng Ik state to poVerty./~ ' ^'^ Printed in the yeare 1647. All these chronograms having been carefully compared with the originals, are here printed as they appear therein. Like many old chronograms made in England, they call for no praise. Three of them give the date 1640, two give the date 1630, and one gives 1624. Two of those which give 1640 may be taken as right ; the other of the same date exhibits the fault of the word our, which according to rule should be printed as oUr (or oVr) in a chronogram, but that would here ^ A copy is also in the City of London Corporation Library. 1630 A LONDON BROADSIDE. 459 increase the date to 1645. The two which give the date 1630 are right as mere chronograms, but they are suggestive of an error, and an intended date of 1640, as others in the series. The last chrono- gram giving the date 1624, invites an attempt to rectify it; thus, if the word our be printed as oUr (or oVr), and the word treachery be printed as treacherIe, corresponding to the spelhng of the word fVrIe in one of the other chronograms, the date would then be brought up to 1630. The imprint date 1647 also suggests a doubt as to its correctness. All this, however, is but speculation. The whole twenty-five queries are full of suggestions for inquiry, and very many pages might be filled with explanations, but much research would be needful to do so. In order to assist I may refer to ' Glynne ' in the new ' Dictionary of National Biography ;' to ' Fairfax ' in the Catalogue of the City of London Corporation Library at Guildhall ; * A particular charge of impeachment, 1647,' and other works under the same name ; also to ' Lives of Northern Worthies,' by Hartley Coleridge, i. 359, where a golden basin is mentioned ; this rather points to Glynn as the Recorder alluded to in the query. The Recorders of the period were Henry Calthrop, appointed in 1635, Thomas Gardiner, also in 1635, Peter Pheasant in 1643, John Glynn, also in 1643, and William Steek in 1649, as appears by the record of the City officers. A FEW sundials exhibit chronograms on their surface, while many hundreds bear inscriptions appropriate only to the passage of time. In C/ironogmms, at pages 30, 31, I mention one at Nantwich, which is alluded to also in Mrs. Gatty's 'Book of Sundials,' page 133 of the edition pubHshed in 1889, In that work I find also the follow- ing, and the translations — At Rosenheim, on a sundial decorated with a representation of the Virgin Mary (and a German motto) — eLeCta Vt soL beat orbeM spLenDore. = 1755 i.e. Bright as the su7t, she blesseth the earth with brightness. Inscribed on a sundial on the front of a house in the market-place at Carlsbad (hexameter and pentameter verse) — hora horIs CeDIt, pereVnt sIC teMpora nobIs : 1 ^ g^ Vt tIbI fInaLIs sIt bona, VIVe bene. / i.e. An hour yields to hours, so our time perishes ; that thy last hour may be good, live well. 46o SUNDIALS. Inscription * formerly on a marble tablet over a gate ' near Darfield Church, Yorkshire ; most likely it belonged to a sundial — InDeX Vt VMbras sic tVos IesV regIs. = 1634 nesCItIs In qVa hora DoMInVs Vester VentVrVs. = 1634 i.e. As the gnomon rules the shadows^ so dost Thou, 0/esu, rule Thine own. Ye know not at what hour your Lord will come. Formerly on a dial over the porch at Hadleigh Church, Suffolk, until 1858— MIhI DeVs LVX et saLVs. = 1627 i.e. God is my light and salvation. .*f*?&- The following are sent to me by Mr. Lewis Evans, F.S.A., who possesses a numerous collection of pocket-sundials and others of larger dimensions. The first is from a German ' honestone ' dial, circular, 5 1 inches in diameter— hI qVI hoC teMpore bene VtentVr \_ g gaVDIIs CceLI perenne frVentVr. j ^' ^ i.e. Those who shall live well in their time will for ever enjoy the delights of heaven. On an oblong German dial made of honestone, 6| by 5^ inches — sIngVLIs horIs LaVDetVr IesVs saLVator \_ ^ noster, ab oMnI CreatVra. /" '^^ 5 i.e. Let Jesus our Saviour be braised at all hours by every creature. On a brass folding-dial ornamented with a Bishop's mitre and crozier, probably German — sVb haC VMbra DatVr seCVra qVIes = 1726 eX hoC oMnIs DeCor eXVrget. = 1726 i.e. Under this shadow safe rest is givefi ; from it every grace will arise. ■•Jf**- A brass armillary pocket-sundial, probably of German make, in my possession, four inches in diameter, with a movable hour circle and bridge or axis, and a cursor or slide ; on the outer circle are engraved the names and latitudes of twenty-five places for adjusting the instru- ment when in use. This kind of dial is by no means uncommon ; they were in general use in the days when watches were both expensive and inaccurate time-tellers, and became curiosities in the cabinets of collectors when those conditions ceased to have effect. At present the value of such a dial exceeds by many times that of the modern machine-made reliable watch, and the value of that now being described is enhanced by the pecuHarity of having a chronogram engraved around the inner circle, in words adapted from the Vulgate version of St. John's Gospel i. 5 — LUX In tenebrIs LUCet, MetItUrqUe DIes. = 1734 i.e. The light shineth in darkness^ and measures the days. POESIS ARTIFICIOSA. 461 This must be understood as the year when the dial was made. It is followed by ' Fra Senec,' probably the maker's name. Some infor- mation about these obsolete dials may be seen in the Archceological Journal, xxxvii. no, and xlii. 384. Also 'Encyclopaedia Britannica,' ninth edition, in the article on Dialling. POESIS ARTIFICIOSA. A CURIOUS little book, size 5 J by 3 inches, pages numbered up to 275, bears a long title commencing, 'Poesis artificiosa cum sibi prsefixa perfacili manuductione ad Parnassum, tarn veterum, quam recentiorum poetarum authoritate studiose elaborata In usum studiosse juventutis proposita, labore et studio R. P. F. Paschasii ' (a member of the Carmelite order). Printed at Wiirzburg, 1668. It has an engraved portrait of the author's patron. Baron Paumgarten, and another engraving of a seated female figure, a personification of the subject. The contents of the book, all in Latin, exemplify the making of verses in all kinds of metre form and fancy ; section xxii. at page 73 gives a brief notice of chronograms and the following verses as examples without more remark than what is here transcribed — In sanctissimam Virginem. fILIa VIrgo parens tIbI fIDos Cerne MInIstros. = 1663 In Joannem Bernardum. gratIa In Ipsa JVVat, MeL CVnCtIs sVaVIa LIbat, \ sVaVIa CVnCta faVent, gratIa JVnCta VIget. /~ ^^^^ In Seraphinum sibi amicum. SPES Mea post seraphIne VaLe Dent astra VaLebo, \_ VIrtVtI, VIVaXVIVere VIta fa Vet. /- ^^°^ In Franciscum SS. Theologige lectorem natalizantem Carmelit : franCIsCI nataLIs aDest optatVs, aDeste L^tI, LetICI^ CantICa grata sonent. appreCor IgnIs aIt, soL rIDeo, gaVDeo steLLa, franCIa franCIsCI terra paterna Cano. aCh ! si franCIsCVM CItIVs sVa terra tVLIsset, VeL paVLVs feLIX, aVt petrVs Ipse foret. eXCeLLens paVLVs VIrtVtIs aMore VIrILIs, eXCeLLens petrVs reLLIgIone sVA. InseqVItVr JVgIter feLIX franCIsCVs VbIqVe, naM ILLI Cor paVLI, reLLIgIoqVe petrI. hVIC petrI pIetas, hVIC est ConstantIa paVLI paVLVs hIC aC petrVs est, VnVs VtrVMqVe refert - 1662 1662 }= 1662 }= 1662 )= 1663 }= 1662 i662 1662 462 POESIS ARTIFICIOSA. nVLLo opVs eXeMpLo, neqVe pLVra referre neCesse ) _ , eXtat; In eXCeLso nosCItVr VngVe Leo. /~ ^°^7 si NON pVgnantI fors CresCeret ergo CoronIs \ _ ,, CceLI, franCIsCI Mens satIata foret? /~ ^^°^ haVD i V^TO, naM Ver^ VIVet per nestorIs annos, \ _ qVI QViEVIs pVgnans VIVIfICare potest. j pLVrIbVs hIC IgItVr VIVat franCIsCVs In annIs, ) _ DoneC eI LICeat VIVere In aXe Deo. [ ~ R. Greg: Carnielit: Some remarks are needful; the words at the end of the verses represent the source from which the author, Paschasius, quotes them. The verses are compHmentary to a lecturer on divinity named Fran- ciscus, on the recurrence of his birthday in 1662, combined with good wishes for time and eternity beyond. The old printer has given some trouble by making several numerals with small letters ; such errors have been easily rectified ; but the couplet which makes 1663 is here as it appears in the book; nor is it judicious to meddle with it. No doubt the author intended to represent the date 1662 ; the same may be said of the couplet which makes 1667. Several works are to be met with treating of this subject ; perhaps the best is the French work cited at page 144 ante. A little work, ' Nugae literariae,' by H. B. VVheatley, may also be consulted. ARCHBISHOP CLEMENT AUGUSTUS. A TRACT in my possession, consisting of fifteen pages folio size, should have been mentioned in chapter xiv., at page 149 of this volume ; it relates to Clement Augustus, Archbishop of Cologne, who attained to the episcopal dignity at the early age of sixteen, as co- adjutor to his uncle and predecessor, Archbishop Joseph Clement. He was also hereditary Prince and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire (see Chronograms Continued, pp. 230-250; also Chronograms, p. 61). The title-page of the tract is as follows, commencing with a chronogram — LaVDIs theMa speCIaLIs, 1 PANis VIVVs;! j= '725 seu Applausus Metricus serenissimo ac reverendissimo Domino Clementi Augusto Archi-episcopo Coloniensi, S. R. I. . . . &c. (and numerous other titles). On the occasion of his first officiating at the Jesuits' Church at Munich on ' Dominica Resurrectionis,' in the year expressed by the chronogram. The author's name is Theophilus Schmid, a priest of Quoted from St. Thomas Aquinas. ARCHBISHOP CLEMENT AUGUSTUS. 463 rank in Austria. A curious example of the association of heathen literature with Christian aspiration is a chronogram printed by itself on the back of the title-page, a line word for word from Virgil, ' ^neid,' ix. 625, which makes the date — IVppIter oMnIpotens aVDaCIbVs annVe CceptIs. = 1725 Which has been translated by Davidson, Almighty Jove, assist my daring enterprise, and rendered into English verse by Dry den, My first attempt, great Jupiter succeed 1 Twenty-eight anagrams on his name are made the theme of the same number of Latin stanzas of four lines each in honour of the Archbishop. They occupy pages 3 to 8 ; the subse- quent pages 9 to 14 are filled in like manner, substituting chronograms for anagrams. The chronograms are words and passages quoted word for word from the Bible (Vulgate version), Latin poets, and other writers, giving the dates of events in the career of the Archbishop amplified into accompanying verses addressed to him — The year of his birth, on August 16 — ConsCenDaM. Isa.yiw. 13. = 1700 aCCeDaM. Mai. iii, 5. =1700 aCCeDet hoMo. Ps. Ixiii. 8. = 1700 The year when he was elected as Bishop of Miinster and Paderborn on March 26 — ConstItVe nobIs regeM, Vt IVDICet nos. = 17 19 1 Kings (i Sam.) viii. 5. prInCeps eXerCItVs DoMInI. Josh, v. 14. = 17 19 aCCInXIt Me fortItVDIne. 2 Kings (2 Sa?n.) xxii. 33. = 17 19 tVrrIs fortItVDInIs a faCIe InIMICL Ps. Ix, 4, =1719 nIMIs profVnD^ faCt^e sVnt CogItatIones tV^ 1 Ps. xci. 6.= 1719 ego DoMInVs qVI sanCtIfICo Vos. Exod. xxxi. 13. = 17 19 MVLtIpLICentVr DIes tVI. Deut. xi. 21. =1719 peCtorIs IMpVLsV rapIDI straVere Leones. Statius, Theb. vii. = 17 19 qVa nIhIL oMnIno DVLCIVs esse potest. Martial, Epig. iv. 66. = 17 19 InqVe DoMo bInVs ConspICIetVr honor. Ovid, De Ponto, iv. 16. = 1719 The year when he was made Archbishop and became Elector of Cologne, on November 13 — Vas aDMIrabILe opVs eXCeLsL Ecclus. xliii. 2. = 1723 faCt^ sVnt eI InfInIt^ DIVItI^, et MVLta gLorIa. = 1723 2 Chron. xvii. 5. DeLeCtaVerVnt te fILI^e regVM In honore tVo. = 1723 Ps. xliv. 9, 10. InCessabILI VoCe proCLaMant : sanCtVs, sanCtVs, \ _ sanCtVs. Hymn: SS. Amb. et August. J ■'^^^ Cabala. Quo possis viso dicere : Numen inest.^ 320. 389. 349. 106. 315. 244. Summa et Annus. = 1723 ^ The key to this cabala will be found at p. 247 ante. 464 ARCHBISHOP CLEMENT AUGUSTUS. EST Leo sIDereos CceLI reDItVrVs aD aXes. = 1723 Ovid, Metam. lib. v. ET fLaVIt VeLIs aVra seCVnDa MeIs. Ovid, De Ponto, lib. ii. = 1723 prIMo aVVLso, non DefICIt aLter aVreVs. = 1723 Virgil, Ain. vi. 143. sl nVnC se nobIs ILLe aVreVs arbore raMVs ostenDat? = 1723 Virgil, ^n. vi. 188. The year when he was elected Bishop of Hildesheim, on Feb- ruary 10 — ego te absqVe VLLa DVbItatIone sVsCIpIaM. Ruthin. 13.= 1724 qV^CVnqVe poposCerIs a Deo DabIt tIbI DeVs. = 1724 St. John, xi. 22. oCVLI tVI VIDeant IerVsaLeM. Isa. xxxiii. 20. = 1724 The year when ' Serenissimus et reverendissimus Princeps Elector primitias sacerdotales celebravit — qVo MIhI fortVnas, sI non ConCeDItVr VtI ? = 1725 Horace, Epist. i. 5, line 12. Thus translated by Smart, To what purpose have I fortune^ if I may not use it ? Words supposed to express the thought of the Arch- bishop when contemplating what he was about to perform. sVbLIMIsqVe seqVor feLICIs Dona rVIn^. = 1725 Arat. Hist. Ap.^ lib. ii. et VIVI CIneres De tVMVLIs saLIent, Venant.fort. lib. ix. = 1725 praXIteLeM parIVs VInDICat arte LapIs. Prop. 3. = 1725 Effigies Veneris Coum dilaudet Apellem Praxitelem parius vindicet arte lapis. Te sacra sumentem totus mirabitur orbis, Perferet et laudes postera seva tuas. Page 15 is occupied by this last chronogram — CrVX fIDeLIs Inter oMnes arbor Vna nobILIs. = 1725 Followed by fifteen hexameter Latin lines of compliment to the Arch- bishop, through the centre of which runs an ingenious acrostic in the form of a cross, the leading word of the preceding chronogram. The whole composition is an example of the intimacy of the author with the sources from which he has chosen the quotations applicable to the subject and the dates. LIBRARIES. A LATIN essay on libraries, by Oliver Legipont, 'R. P. Oliverii Legipontii . . . dissertationes Philologico-Bibliographica in quibus de adornanda et exornanda bibliothecas,' etc., Nuremberg, 1747. At page 43 are five motto chronograms which were placed LIBRARIES. 465 over the doors of certain libraries, various dates from 1732 to 1744. Here ii one put outside the door, ' Bibliothecae Dalbergicte apud Mogonos ' — sCIentIaM oDIt nVJ.LVs, nIsI IgnarVs, atqVe asInVs = 1732 And this inside — qVIsqVIs fVr LIbrI fVerIt, MaLeDICtVs Is esto. = 1732 i.e. No one hates knoivledge miless he be a simpleton and an ass. — Who- ever would steal a book, let him be accursed. Bibliotheca S. Jacobi ibidem banc apposui inscriptionem, foris ; offICIna sVaVIorIbVs MVsIs stVDIIsqVe saCra. = 1737 And inside — hIC DII habitant, LoqVVntVr MVtI, sILe, non fVrare,! reVerenter abL /~ ^'^' i.e. A workshop sacred to the gentler sciences and to study. Here the gods dwell ; they speak without sound ; be thou silent, pilfer not, depart respectfully. At page 44, Bibliothecas regii, et exempti Brzevvnoviensis S. Mar- garethse prope Pragam Archisterii hoc adaptavi epigramma — BON^ MentIs offICIna ] bennonIs abbatIs nVtV, et stVDIo -^-- 1744 pLVrIbVs LIbrIs eXornata. J i.e. The workshop of a good mind furnished with a great quantity of books by the command and assiduity of the Abbot Benno. A small book (pp. 80, 8vo.) by the same author is dated by a chronogram only. It appears that he, Oliver Legipont, was Abbot of Bursfeld, in Saxony ; the title is ' Monasticon Moguntianum, sive succincta veterum monasteriorum in archi-episcopatu Moguntino,' etc., dated, Anno qVo DICebatVr paX, paX, CVM non esset paX. = 1746 i.e. In the year ivhen it was said ^ Peace, peace T when there could be no peace. About this period the German States, Hungary, Bohemia, France, and other countries were, or had been, involved in war, v.-hich came to an end through unforeseen circumstances, and settled the competition for the Imperial throne of Germany, (See Jeremiah vi. 14, viii. 11 ; also Ezekiel xiii. 10, 16, Vulgate version, and compare the words of the chronogram. See also Chronograms Continued,*"^. 723, where the words, with some variation, are made to give the date 1649.) Colophon to the catalogue of the library of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, compiled by the Rev. Dr. William Sparrow Simpson, and completed on St. Paul's Day, 1893. CataLogVs LIbrorVM eCCLesI^ s. paVLI eXpLICIt feLICIter In Ipso beatI paVLI patronI nostrI festo. = 1893 59 BazoE XL. MISCELLANEOUS IL ANY excellent chronograms made by Mr. C. W. Wilshere are printed in Chronograms^ pp. 7, 8, 37, 68, also title-page and colophon. And in Chronograms Continued^ pp. 5, 585, 586, also title-page and colophon. Others from his pen adorn the title-page and colophon of this volume. Those which now follow were also composed by him, and by his permission to print them I am enabled to show that the art has not entirely vanished from England, and to offer a hint to authors and bookmakers to follow these and all other good examples recorded in my volumes. Inscriptions composed by Mr. Wilshere for a rock-garden made in the Jubilee year of Queen Victoria, the stones having been brought from Victoria, in Australia — LapIDes A VICtorIa aVstraLIae CoLonIa aDVeCtI VICTORIA ANNO IVbILaeo regnante HoC In LoCo stratI. 1887 thIs part of the roCkery Is bVILt Vp VVIth qVartz stones froM the CoLony of VICtorIa, In aVstraLIa, boVght at the CoLonIaL eXhIbItIon In the IVbILee year of VICtorIa oVr qVeen. Inscription for the house of a friend — thIs hoVse Was enLargeD BY F. C. P. V. anD e. a. V. peaCe be on aLL Who here abIDe. V = 1887 = 1887 MISCELLANEOUS. 467 Inscription for a summer-house built in 1888, facing due south ; in the style of poetry of the Elizabethan period — When, past the frosts of VVInter Days, \ THE bIrDs poVr forth theIr IoyoVs Lays, ) When fLora brIngs her offerIng, When bees begIn theIr task to pLy, y= 1888 baskIng In phoebVs' sLantIng rays thro' sVnny hoVrs of earLy sprIng, here enVIoVs boreas' bLasts Defy. Inscription placed over the door of Hale's Grammar School-house, at Hertford ; restored in 1888 — sChoLa CVra henrICI freDerICI CoWper V.C. anno qVo fLebILIs DeCessIt restaVrata. / 1887 On a new seat placed by a new path in an old pinetum, 1891 — HOSPES Inter pInos aLtas errans, LassVs sIs aVt otIosVs, en tIbI noV^ seMIt^ noVa seDes. hIC sIstens te paVLIsper refICe. Farewell to a friend departing to Australia, in 1889 — GO In peaCe, bVt faIL not soon to CoMe baCk , _ „_ TO frIenDs Who aWaIt j" ^^^^ yoVr retVrn. To Rosina , on her wedding with Robert , immediately before their departure as settlers in Australia, in 1890 — fareWeLL, rosIna ! the bLessIng of the gVest at the MarrIage feast In Cana , BE WITH YOV AND YOVr ChOSEN ROBERT. j The same in Latin — rosIna VaLe ! qVI CANiE festVM InterfVIt, , _ „ ET tIbI ET ROBERTO tVo In ConJVgIo j ~ ^ ^° beneDICet. To a friend who married Miss Grace — CVM gratIa tVa feLICIter VIVas ] In gratIa DeI VterqVe obeas \= 1889 Ita sIt preCor. I L 468 MISCELLANEOUS. The same Englished — In fear of goD LIVe here on earth, VVIth graCe thy VVIfe , _ „„ so THAT THROVgH GRACe YE BOTH MaY HaVe ' ^ ^ eternaTv LIfe. A golden-wedding greeting in 1888 — saLVete ConJVges aMatI ! AVREiE sInt qV^ sVpersVnt HOR^ DoneC posthaC port^ aVre^ pateant. Written for a new church in Hertfordshire — preCes popVLI tVI \ In noMIne tVo CongregatI 1= 1892 tV ChrIste eXaVDI. J Written for a church in Hertfordshire, restored in 1892 — Laet^ VenI o popVLe \ Deo trIno et Vno ! _ In eCCLesIa sVa InstaVrata i " ^^92 gratIas VnIter agaMVs. Written, by request, by Mr. Wilshere for the new organ at the Roman Catholic Church at Ober Ammergau, in Bavaria, to be blessed by the Bishop, in August, 1894 ; subscribed for mainly by English Churchmen. It is a veiled prayer for unity. See our Lord's prayer for unity in St. John x. 30, xiv., and xvii. 1 1. The organ is placed in the west gallery. The first line of the chronogram alludes to the singers, also placed there — qVI ChrIstI L.aVDes Cantant \ sanCtae passIonIs sVae VIrtVte ^= 1894 In Ipso et patre VnVM sInt. J An inscription for the base of a restored churchyard cross, com- posed by Mr. Wilshere — CrVX ChrIstI ) hVIVs MVnDI I = 1895 VnICa saLVs. The first of the following chronograms was engraved on an old German house on a stone over the door, the owner of which wished to rebuild it, retaining the old inscription with an additional sentence to mark the date of the new house. Having offered a prize, he adopted MISCELLANEOUS. 469 the second chronogram ; each is composed as a hexameter and penta- meter couplet — soLVs IoVa DoMVs sIt aVtor, tVtor, et faVtor \_ VIVentes In ea paXqVe saLVsqVe beet. /~ ^9 CoRPORE ET Infosso terrIs ^VoqVe peraCto, 'I _ iETERNA PATRIa NOS HABItARE sInaT. ]~ ^^^ 1884 i.e. May God alone be the maker, defender, and patron of this house, and may peace and health bless the divellers therein. And, 7vhen our body is buried in the earth, our time here bein^ completed, tnay He permit us to dwell in the everlasting home. A new house. A motto composed for, and intended to be cut on a stone tablet over the entry to a newly-built house, in 1892 — IntrantIbVs et eXeVntIbVs beneDICat DeVs, et angeLI NOS In paCe CVstoDIant. At Dorchester, in the south street, there is an almshouse called ' Napper's Mite,' founded by Sir Robert Napper (or Napier) in 1615. In the chapel is a large stone attached to the wall, bearing the arms of Napier, and this inscription : ' La Mite Nappier, built to the honour of God, bie Sir Robert Napper, Knight, Ann : xenodochivm.' This is evidently the date of the building of the hospital founded in the previous year, and expressive of its purpose, i.e.. For the reception of strangers. When the letters are arranged thus : XenoDoChIVM, the date is plainly = 161 6. See Gentleman's Magazine for 1833, p. 423. >$**' A water-colour drawing done before 1632 was in the ' Malcolm Loan Collection,' exhibited in the British Museum in 1894. It represents the interior of a church at the Hague, wherein is seen, over an altar, a trophy of flags with shields of armorial bearings, dated 162 1, and the following chronograms — aLberto aVstrIaCo patrI patrI^ sILVaDVCIs DICat ConseCrat. Albert, Archduke of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries, died in 162 1. This was probably put up by the city of Bois-le-Duc, in the province of Brabant, as a temporary mark of respect to his memory. The town of Berne, in Switzerland, was founded by Berchtholdus V. ' et ultimus Zaeringiae dux et Burgundiae rector.' This verse includes the date (the letters D are not counted) — et dVX berChtoLdVs bernaM strVXIsse notatVr. 1621 1191 47° MISCELLANEOUS. The clock-tower was also built by him, and is said to bear this inscrip- tion : 'Bertholdus V., dux Zaeringise, rect. Bergund. urbis conditor turrim et portam fecit a. Chr. 1191, renov. 1770.' At Konigsbrun, in Wiirtemberg, inscribed on a fountain at the Cistercian Abbey, put up by Albert of Austria, Emperor, and Elizabeth, Duchess of Carinthia, his wife — regIVs hIC fons est aLberto a rege potente A DVCe ConstrVCtVs pannona terra tVo. IpsIVs et generosa et honest! ConIVge eLysa, /EternI qV^e sVnt Corpora honesta poLI. •***. The following extract from a parish register is a communication from the vicar of the parish to Dr, T. N. Brushfield, who sends it to me with the interrogative remark to explain away a doubtful meaning. ' In the register of Combe Bissett, near Salisbury, is the following chronogram ; it occurs after the burial of Mary, wife of John Hancocke, July 16, 1639— Xpovoypafifjia In DeCIMo seXto IVnII InterItVs fVIt eIVs. = Registru hactenus per Henricu Beach Vicariu.' This cannot refer to the preceding entry, as that is a burial on July 16, not a death on June 16. But there is no entry in the book of Henry Beach's death, and the writing seems unchanged. ' May not June 16 be an error for July 16, and refer to Henry Beach, the Vicar?' (It is likely, however, that the composer of the chronogram made the mistake, and neglected or failed to set it right.) .***- In my note-book I find a cutting from a newspaper, from which is taken this extract, corrected from another authority. ' Benediction of church bells at Wytham-on-the-Hill, Lincolnshire. — The beautiful church of St. Andrew possesses one of the finest six-bell peals in the county. Five of the bells are recasts of those which, prior to 1831, were hung in Peterborough Cathedral, while the sixth bell bears the following curious inscription, by General Johnson, M.P. — ' 'Twas not to foster pride and hate, William Augustus Johnson gave me, But Truth and Grace to celebrate, And call to prayer to heaven to save ye. ' These laws do keep, and e'er remember — On May 29th ye must not ring ; Nor yet the 5th of each November, Nor on the crowning of a King.' The bells, since their recasting, not having been formally dedicated, and the fourth bell, whose tone was impaired by a small crack, having 1302 1639 MISCELLANEOUS. 471 been recast as a Jubilee memorial, it was decided to have a service of benediction of the bells. The bell was recast by Messrs. Taylor, of Loughborough, and bears the following chronogram — EGO renoVata In anno IVbILaeI bgn.e regInte VICtorIaeI In tVa eCCLesIa gLorIas regnI tVI In Laeto ConCentvI= 1887 soNO sVaVIter o reX VnICe IesV et nVntIo horas operVM. | i.e. I ivas 7-ccast in the Jubilee year of the good Queen Victoria; O Jesus, the only King, I sound sweetly in Thy church the glories of Thy kingdom in joyful harmony, and I announce the times of the services. The paragraph describes the services, at which the Bishop of Nottingham preached. Another cutting from a newspaper, the Herts Advertiser, of June 8, 1895, is contributed by a lady who uses the name 'Penelope.' She evinces a charming and keen appreciation of what is to her a newly- discovered art ; her own concluding words induce me to recommend the study of my three volumes on the subject of chronograms, where she will become acquainted with, and perhaps be astonished at, the many thousands of examples there recorded, inscriptions and otherwise, ancient as well as modern. OUR LADIES' COLUMN. BY one of themselves. My recent visit to classic Oxford suggests many interesting topics for this week's letter, and amongst them I am reminded that my friend, Mr. Charles Shadwell, has placed over the doorway of his beautiful old house, Frewen's Hall, a curious inscription, the words of which are thus — ' Frewine Carolus l^etat Shadwellius aulam.' Which is, being interpreted, ' Charles Shadwell rejoices in Frewen's Hall.' But this inscription contains more than appears on the surface. It is what is called a ' chronogram,' and, when properly written, tells us the date on which Mr. Shadwell became possessor of this charming retreat. As inscribed above the door it is thus lettered — FREVVLNI CAROLVS L^TAT SHADVVELLIVS AVLAM. Taking the double-u as equal to two V's, and U as equal to V — as is always the case in Latin inscriptions — you will find that all the letters in the inscription, which are Roman numerals, when added up, give the sum 1888, the year in which Mr. Shadwell came to live in this house. Thus in * Frewini ' we have VV and II, amounting to 12 ; the CL and V in 'Carolus' give us 155; L in 'Isetat' is 50; and DVVLLIV in ' Shadwellius ' amount to 616; whilst VL and M in 'aulam ' come to 1005 ; add together 12, 155, 50, 616, and 1055, and you get the total 1888. This 'ingenious conceit ' is what is called a ' chronogram.' It is a cryptogram, the hidden content of which is a date to which the device itself refers. I have never met with this device before, though I dare say some of my readers could tell me of others like the one I have just described. 472 MISCELLANEOUS. To put the above into the ordinary shape of a chronogram it will take this form ; ' Penelope ' has given the reading in plain English— freVVInI CaroLVs 1 I _/FXAT shaDVVeLLIVs aVLaM. = 1888 ■*$*■ An English book with a chronogram date is a rarity ; a few examples only are mentioned in this and the preceding volumes. Here is another from a book entitled: 'Zion's Joy in her King coming in some meditations upon that propheticall Psalme 102 in his glory.' By Finiens Canus Vove. London, 1643. This hexameter chronogram is at the foot of the title-page — MVnDo In reX ChrIstVs regnabIt VerVs et VnVs. = 1643 Concerning a dog, extracted from — ' Epitaphia joco-seria, Latina Gallica Italica Hispanica Lusitanica Belgica. Franciscus Swertius, Antwerp : posteritati et urbanitati coUegit. Cologne, 1645.' This is the title of a very curious book. It contains a verbose chronogram at page 217, which was placed over the grave of a dog named Lodder, in the garden of J. de Werdt, Syndic of Antwerp, in seven Latin hexameter verses, making the date 16 18. I know of nothing else of the sort. The letters D are not reckoned. The figures carried out in the margin are the amounts of each line, and when added up the date is arrived at — hIC JaCet InsIgnI generatVs stIrpe CanIna Lodder Vs, qVI nare sagaX, et VoCe sonorVs dente rapaX, odIo fVIt InseCtatVs aCerbo noCtIVagos fVres, feLesqVe; at bLandVLVs ore, ET CaVda et gestV notIs ; sed gnaVIter IpsI fIdVs hero, CVstos ^rIs, bonVs et VIgIL hortI In qVo sVb VIrIdI reqVIesCIt CespIte teCtVs. i.e. Here lies Lodder, born of a renowned canine race ; he was acute in scent, sonorous in voice, rapacious with tooth, he pursued with bitter hatred nocturnal robbers and cats ; yet he had an agreeable look and a wag of his tail for those zvhom he kneiv ; but being zealous for his character he taas faithful to his master, a custodian of his ?no/iey, and a good watch in his garden, zvhere he rests covered by the green turf. Concerning another dog — Written by the Rev. J. E. V , in memory of a favourite dog which 'was destroyed in charity,' being aged, infirm, and blind, in 1885— CarLo Dear DoggIe LoVIng, faIthfVL, anD trVe: SHE Lost her sIght, bVt not her LoVe FOR J. e. v. 312 181 223 276 119 175 332 I6I8 1885 MISCELLANEOUS. 473 Concerning a cat — In a rare book in the British Museum library, press-mark 123 15. a. 18, entitled 'Nugse venales sive thesaurus ridendi et jocandi,' etc. Editio ultima melior et correctior. Anno 1720; the author makes fun of prophetic verses, by adducing the habit of his cat warming herself at the fire as a prognostication of the cold weather in 1635. ' De frigore in Februario 1635 vaticinium felis et chronicum carmen,' feLIs nostra retro ConJVnCtIs renIbVs IgnI, sic HoC oMne geLV VatICInata fVIt. }= 1635 SHERBORNE SCHOOL. THE chronogram at the Grammar School-house at Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, is a curious puzzle ; it is alluded to in my volume Chrofiograms, page 4, as a very bad one, and so it is, in the ordinary sense. It is over a door at the old schoolroom, now the dining-hall, built in 1670. The composer of it was either ignorant of the principle to be observed in the making of a chronogram, or was attempting to include a hidden meaning of an unusual kind. It may also be said, by way of excuse for him, that the art of composing chronograms was not cultivated in England to the extent that is evident in continental literature. Some explanation is to be gathered from Hutchings's ' History of the County of Dorset,' iv. 286 : ' Outside the south front of the old schoolroom the royal arms are set up [those of Edward VI. with the lion and dragon as supporters] and the ingenious lines written by the headmaster, John Goodenough, in compliance with the desire of the governors, recorded in their minute-book as follows — TECTA Draco gustos Leo vinDeX fLos Degus augtor, reX PIUS HiEG servat protegit ornat aLit.^ The total of the numbers represented by the capital letters gives the date 1670. [The fiist line alludes to the supporters of the royal arms]. Mr. Goodenough's model for these verses appears to have been the tombstone in Sherborne Abbey choir, of Beatrix, Countess of Bristol, which contains a similar inscription, only a few years older, thus. Anno qVo DeVs eX pVra VIrgIne faCtVs hoMo VagIIt Inter oVes hostIa Vera pIIs. The capitals making together the number of the date of her death, 1658.' ^, This' hexameter and pentameter couplet is made to represent a date in the reign of Charles II., when the building was reconstructed. It contains sixteen numeral letters, making a further sum of 634 which are not reckoned ; this is a great fault. 60 474 GREEK CHRONOGRAMS. Hutchings's explanation goes no further. A modern commentator remarks that ' the capital letters in the inscription give the date of the building 1670, but I am certain that this is not all, for it seems DL = 550 unlikely that the result, which I give below, is a mere accident. DX = 510 If you take the capital letters in pairs, and treat the combina- LD = 450 tion LD as you would treat XL you get the date of the XL =« 40 foundation of the school itself.' This interpretation is formu- lated in the margin. It is curious and perhaps unique. 1550 GREEK CHRONOGRAMS. BY this appellation it is not meant that the ancient Greeks made chronograms after the manner of the Latin examples in the present and preceding volumes ; I find no evidence that either the ancient or the modern Greeks have made any. At the Renaissance period, when classical languages were cultivated, an occasional effort was made in other lands to use the Greek language and numeration chronogrammatically ; the result, however, is not satisfactory. In my volume Chronograms Continued, page 321, there is an example of a Greek chronogram intended to make the date 1700, but it is incorrectly given, through an attempt to make it fit the numerals which all the letters of the alphabet of that language are usually taken to represent. A key to the numerals as used by some writers of Greek chronograms, is found in one of the old Greek methods which occurs on inscriptions, certain of the letters being selected, as represented and ex- plained in the margin. This key fits the chronogram in question, which is from a tract in my possession, a congratulation addressed to certain members of the University of Wiirzburg when degrees and honours were conferred upon them. The tide commences ' COROLLA MAJALES,' etc.,' the date is 1700 ; the chronogram is on the last page, as follows — Notum GrcBCochronometricum. tHv Ao^av KeaA.H IlalAevTWv AHv AlarHpHI. ITav T€ ael XAooHI rwIAe AIAovtI All. Idem Latinb redditum. DoCtoraLe CapVt VIrIDes hos serVet honores ; \_ CVnCtaqVe sic VIreat LVstra VoLente IoVe ! ] " i.e. May the doctor's {or teacher's) head preserve these verdant honours ; so, God willing, may it flourish through all time. X. \lXlO^av67]jm, Quod effloruit nietaphorice Pustulse subrubrae, Leves eruptiones humorum per cutem florescentium. Thus we may suppose that the King had an illness which caused red spots, or pustules, as is also alluded to in a Greek chronogram which immediately follows — ^^avdrjixara wavra [xapavOrj Ava^ iraXiv avOa '\ HSct 7^8 ayaOi] e?6 8e rjyyeXLT]. j~ Exanthemata cuncta arent ; restoruit et rex, Jucunda atque bona est nuncia fama quidem. This Greek chronogram must be reckoned by a notation different from the foregoing examples. Here the whole Greek alphabet is the key, every letter thereof having a numerical value. 1632 1632 1632 90 The totals reckoned — 5 6 P 100 made 5 60 I 50 9 8 40 I 300 I 80 I 300 I 40 I 100 I 9 475 432 10 20 200 300 400 51 by each word and H 8 t I I 50 I 60 80 I 30 10 50 I 9 5 10 171 75 4 S 10 8 4 X fi " i T 30 40 50 60 70 80 j <»— — . From an old Dutch or Flemish chronicle — Anno milleno bis centum pentaque deno. = 1250 Morte famis cocto fuit M. ter C. que bis octo \ _ Cum reliquis binis doluit pecorum nece finis. / ~ Alluding to the death of cattle in Holland by hunger and pestilence, in 1316. 1316 486 DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE Anno milleno centeno bis duodeno 'I _ Bis jungat denum, qui carmen vult fore plenum / "54 »»!««- In Constance Cathedral (from Archceological Journal^ xlv. 36) — Anno milleno tricentesimo octuageno \^ g Sex cum ter deno, cum Christo vivat ameno. j At Aerschot, in Belgium, inscribed over the door of the sacristy of a church, to indicate the time of building the chancel — M semel X scribis ter C ter et V semel 1 bis. = 1337 At Molesme, in France, the celebrated Benedictine abbey was built 1066-1075, as appears by this distich (from Migne's * Encyclo- pedia Thdologique ') — Anno milleno quinto cum septuageno, Sub patre Roberto crevit domus haec aperto. = 1075 It is recorded that in the reign of the Emperor Charles IV. the relics of St. Afra, who had been burnt to death, were discovered. They were deposited in a silver-gilt reliquary, engraved with an inscription commencing thus — M. C ter numerate, cum L, uno simul anno, = 135 1 Carolus est quartus regnans hoc nomine dictus. The tomb of Peter de Rolis in St. Mary's Church at Bologna bears an epitaph concluding with these hexameter lines — Annis ter trinis viginti mille trecentis \ _ m Sexta quarte Maii fregit lux organa mentis. ]~ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ From a volume of chronicles in Latin, relating to local circum- stances in Germany, ' Chronicon Comitum Schawenburgensium,' by Henricus Meibomius, printed in 1620. At page 79 an inundation by the river Weser is recorded — Post M post tria C post septuaginta quaterque, \ _ Wesera crescebat, Hamelin stratasque tegebat. ]~ ^'^ Page 77. At Luneburg, referring to the miseries of war, 'annus his rithmis vetustis continetur ' — Anno milleno, C. ter uno septuageno, = 137 1 Nocte puellarum monos et deca mille sacrarum, Muros conscendunt Luneborg subvertere tendunt. Sic occiduntur, velut in sacco capiuntur. Another, alluding to the death of some person — M. C ter, junctis L et X quater octoque punctis, = 1398 Ipsum defunctis donate prior quoque cunctis, etc. DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE. 487 Another, on the birth of a Count of Schomburg — Annis nonagentis, centenis, ter quoque denis "\ _ Post Christum natum Schomborg tenet initiatum. j ' ^°3o Another, on the death of some person, contains these verses describ- ing a local event and its date — Anno milleno duo C septemque viceno = 1227 In fontis-capite cecidit gens Danica lite, etc. Another, relating to events at Hoyer, in Schleswig — Mille super annis duo C dum celebrantur = 1102 Hoie Dominum suscepit initium, etc. . _ — __ — . — » ■ ! ■» The following are from the 'Chronicon Mindense.' Old verses in praise of Wulbrand, the fortieth Bishop of Minden — M. C quater, ter X simul a Christo datur et sex = 1436 Prsesul Wulbrandus de Hallermunde venerandus, etc. A destructive storm is thus recorded — M. trecento cum nono septuageno = 1379 Quae sata donat et grandinat ira Dei Mindse districtus conterrent fulminis ictus Penteque profesto quinto feria memor esto. Another inundation by the river Weser — Post M. post tria C. post quatuor Xque duoque = 1342 Wesera per Mindam tumuit multamque per undam. Verses in praise of Count Adolphus — Ter CCC, milleno sexageno quoque deno, = 1370 Adolphus dictus Comes in Schomburg benedictus, Octobris pleno surgente die duodeno = October 1 2 Emisit statum Domino gratum atque beatum, etc. The founding of the monastery of Gembloux, in Brabant, in the year 921, is marked by this inscription, which I find in 'Monumenta inedita,' by E. J. de Westphalen, printed in the year 1739, when it was deemed an old inscription ; but probably it is not quite so old as the date which it contains. The passage is, ' Quod hodie in Gemblacensis coenobii basilica pariete inscriptum legitur ' — Unum D. scribis, C quatuor, X bis et I bis 1= 021 Dum claustrum per te fit Gemblacense Guiberte. / " " The monastery was dedicated to its founder, St. Guibert, or Gilbert, martyr. It is situated between Brussels and Namur. I028 488 DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE. A conflagration at the church of St. Lambert, at Li^ge, is mentioned in an old chronicle, and dated by these verses— Annis transactis a Christo mille ducento, | Subtractis ter quinque, ruit locus iste per ignem ; ^ = 1 185 Festo Vitalis Domini fuit ultio talis. J This church was finally destroyed by the French at the end of the eighteenth century. H-* The following are taken from the Belgian Chronicle by Ferry de Locre, printed at Arras in 17 16; the title is, 'Ferreoli Locrii Paulinatis chronicon Belgicum, ab anno cclxvi. ad annum mdc. continuo pro- ductum. . . . Atrebati mdxcvi.' At pp. 121 to 128 of Chronograms Continued I have given the chronograms contained in the work, which also furnishes the following quaint representations of dates — The sacellum of St. Quintin at ' Forli ' having been burnt, was rebuilt by Bishop Baldwin, ' undb distichon olim pariete appictum,' Milleno terno et viceno consecror anno 1 Inde Quintini dicor honore teri {sic). j •^ In the choir of the church at Lens — Anno milleno ter deno bis minus uno, \ Hunc intrare Chorum coepit Grex canonicorum. / At Arras, quoted to prove the antiquity of a religious order there — Anno milleno Domini deciesque noveno, \ _ Norma Berengarii trunco nova coepit haberi. / ~ " Relating to the monastery of the B. V. M., at Antwerp, quoted from a manuscript — Undecies centum, ductis et sex quater annis \ _ Virginis a partu conciliante reum, etc. / ~ '* St. Thomas of Canterbury was martyred on December 29, 11 70. Someone presently wrote these verses — Annus millenuSj centenus septuagenus = 11 70 Primus erat, primas quo ruit ense Thomas ; Quinta dies natalis erat, flos orbis ab orbe Pellitur, et fructus incipit esse poli. Warlike operations and battles are noticed ; the battle of Bouvines^ is said to be described by Gulielmus Armoricanus in heroic verse, and these ancient verses are quoted — In quarto decimo post annos mille ducentos, — 12 14 Flandrences Franci capiunt, velloque retentos Ferrum quinque domat Comites monumenta ruinge Hujus erunt olim Tornacas, Ponsque Bovinae. ^ Bouvines, in French Flanders, celebrated for the battle between Philip Augustus of France and the Emperor Otho, who was defeated. DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE. 489 Paulus, when presiding over the Vedast monastery at Arras, enlarged the church ; these verses are quoted from an ancient ' codex ' — Quinquaginta novem minus uno mille, ducenti "» Transierant anni Christi de Virgine nati. /^ ^^^° Rudolph, Count of Habsburg, was elected King of the Romans on September 29, 1273 ; the Pope, Gregory X., confirmed the election at Lausanne, hence these ancient verses — Bis sexcenti, septuaginta, tresque stetere \ _ Anni, Lausunse dum rex at papa fuere. / "~ ^^^^ The head of St. James the Apostle, which had been kept at the monastery of St. Vedast, was transferred into a magnificent silver-gilt case, thus inscribed in Gothic characters — Anno milleno C ter, et totidem duodeno, = 1336 Hoc vas paratur, caput ac in vasa locatur. * Montis Eligiani turris ' was struck by lightning, hence these verses — Ecclesiae nostrae dum fulgura clangunt, M.C. quater, semel V bis et X. nos durias angunt, = 1425 Nox erat, et Fratres sua tristes cantica frangunt ; Ad laticem currunt, sic victo fulmine pangunt, Martis bis deno da tres, tunc gaudia tangunt : = March 23 Verum pro tonitru turris discrimina plangunt. In 1464 Louis XI., King of France, and Charles his brother, came to Arras, when the great bell was rung and broken ; they replaced it with a new one thus inscribed — Desiderata vocor, Milleno facta sub anno, Quadringentino, sexageno quoque quarto, = 1464 Rex Ludovicus cum primum venerat istuc, etc. In 1530 Zealand was inundated by the sea breaking through the embankments ; ' undb hoc distichon ' — Anno ter deno, post sesquimille, Novembris = 1530 Quinta, stat falsis Zelandia tota sub undis.^ At the episcopal palace of Copenhagen, inscribed over the door as the date of building (from ' Inscriptiones et Monumenta Hafnensia,' 1668)— Anno milleno quingenteno duodeno = 15 12 Conditur hec edes [sic) doctis aptissima sedes. ^ By this inundation four hundred and four villages are said to have been submerged or destroyed with most of the inhabitants. 62 490 DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE. Inscribed in the choir of Trinity Church there — Anno milleno CDLXque noveno, = 1669 Regni Danorum Christierno sceptra tenente, etc. The following are extracted from the chronicle of the Benedictine Abbey of Ober-Alt-Aich, in Bavaria, noticed in Chronograms Continued^ page 311. The first relates to a persecution of the Jews — Annis millenis ter denis et octo trecentis ) _ „ Judaicus populus tunc temporis est trucidatus. / ~ ^^ Ancient verses marking the date of the burial of Nicolaus, Bishop of Ratisbon, contained in an ancient manuscript-book, and there said to be inscribed on a tablet — Post M post tria C cum XX bina fuere, \ _ Ista tegit fossa Nicolai presulis ossa. /~ ^'hA^ A record of the making a new course for the river Danube to avert inundations is accompanied by verses commencing with the date j this was during the reign of the Abbot Wolfgang — Post M post tria C post X bis bina sub anno \ _ Quarto, dum Wolfgangus abbas prsesedit in Altaich. / ~" ^ ^^^ The tomb of Peter de Rotis in St. Mary's Church at Bologna, in Italy, bears an epitaph concluding with this date — Annis ter trinis viginti mille trecentis = 1329 Sexta quarte Maii fregit lux organa mentis. = May 24 t'f'O The following are from the Goslar Chronicle, 'J. Mich: Heineccii antiquitatum Goslariensium et vicinarium regionum,' Francofurti, 1707, The tomb of the Count de Hohenstein bears this epitaph : Hie jacet filius et frater, ordinis prsedicatorum cui nomen est Elgerus. Obiit anno Domini millessimo binis centum \_ Additis quadraginta atque duobus. / "" Vel Virginis a partu hie annis obiit mille \_ Bis centum quadraginta tunc duobus elapsis. J Verses about an organ in a monastery church begin thus — Anno milleno cum C quater L superaddis 1 _ Tunc opus hoc anno pr^sens statuit jubilaeo. / ~ ^^ Herlingsberg was captured and destroyed in 1291 — Post M, post duo CC, post nonaginta monosque = 1291 Herlingsberg capitur, moritur Rex Dux sepelitur. The Carthusian monastery at Hildesheim was founded- Christi post annos L, ter X mille tricenos Hinc octo subdas tunc it in has patrias. )= 1388 DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE 491 The following are from the Gorlitz Chronicle mentioned at page 209 of this volume. The town of Gorlitz, formerly belonging to Saxony, became subject to Bohemia in 1329; it rested in quietness for two years, and was destroyed in the succeeding year by a conflagration, as thus alluded to — Anno milleno tercenteno vicenono = 1320 Quondam Saxonica Gorlitz est facta Bohema, Perque duos annos ridens in pace quievit ; Sed terno combusta gemens incendia flevit. In 1340, 'Fulmine tangitur aedes Petrina et opus organicum confla- grat j' hence these verses, which imply that angry Jupiter destroyed the church of St. Peter at the sound of the musical instrument the organ — Anno milleno tercenteno quadrageno = 1340 Juppiter iratus tonuit sonuitque beatus. The epitaph of Michael Schmidius commences thus — Ter quinque exierant a nato secula Christo, "j _ Undenisque annis addita lustra decem. j ^^. There were many prophecies of events to happen in 1588, afore- time predicted by the German astronomer Regiomontanus ; these verses in allusion to them ' were in everybody's mouth ' in that year — Tausend fiinff hundert achzig achte ^ 1588 1st Jahr, das ich betrachte. Geht in dem die Welt nicht unter, So geschicht doch sonst grosz mercklich Wunder. The same in Latin — Mille salutis agat quingentos mundus et annos 1 „j. Octavus decies, bisque quaternus eat. / ~ ^ ^ En tibi vel mundi ruitura notabitur setas, Omnia vel miris cladibus acta cadent. The same as a chronogram — aVt MVnDVs InterIbIt : aVt aLIqVa InsIgnIa eVenIent, = 1588 annVs aDest aVt qVo VertentVr qV^qVe sVb aXe, \_ „j. aVt graVe qVI rebVs attrahet eXItIVM. j ^^ ( »\ >o The following are extracted from ' Notitia Abbatium ordinis Cis- terciensis per orbem universum, Libri X.' By Gaspar Jongelius, Cologne, 1630. Folio. At Aldenberg monastery the epitaph of Abbot William, Duke of Juliers, begins — Anni milleni, quingenti quasi pleni Unius et deni, rapidi prope flumen Rheni. = 1489 Dusseldorp urbe, gemitu tamen baud sine turba Septembris mensis lux sexta : et Juliensis. = September 6 492 DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE. The epitaph of another Abbot — Anno milleno centeno terque deceno Cum tribus, ut natus Patris de Virgine natus. = 1133 An inundation is thus recorded — Accidit hie casus millenus dum foret annus, Et trecentenus Domini quartusque vicenus, = 1324 Cum sunt undenae Junali mense Kalendae. = May 22 An epitaph — Post Incarnatum verbum de sanguine Matris, Propter Peccatum missum de numine Patris, Ut dedit in pactis Patribus vox Omnipotentis Annis transactis L. IX. cum mille trecentis. = 1359 Another epitaph date — M. C ter, ac octo decies junctis simul octo. = 1388 Another epitaph date — Anno milleno, centeno bis minus uno. = 1199 At the abbey of Beau Pre, founded in 1135, a daughter foundation of that of ' Ursi Campi,' — Anno milleno, centeno bis minus uno, = 1199 Sub Patre Roberto coepit Cistertius ordo. Annus millenus, centenus, ter decimusque, Quintus erat, quando Pratum processit ab urso. = 11 35 At an abbey in Saxony — Anni nongenti duo C. deca bis duo pente : Transierant Christe dum fundatur locus iste. = 1130 An epitaph date at the Abbey of Combron, in Hennegau, on the twentieth Abbot — Andrseas Papae jacet in capitulo cum hac inscriptione — Hie jacet obscoenus qui vivus erat peramoenus Abbas vicenus Andrasas, dogmate plenus : Vita negatur ei per noctem Bartholomsei, Centum mille C. ter dant annum bis duo praeter. = ' 1396 ' Cceli solamen det ei Rex Coelicus. Amen. Joannes Lobus was the twenty-first Abbot ; these are the last two lines of his epitaph — Dant annum M.C. quater, quo finiit ille X. bis, quinque nisi sibi gloria sit paradisi. = * 141 5 ' Nicasius Ninen was the twenty-second Abbot ; his epitaph is dated — Annum decessus tibi quadringenta figurant M. prsecedente duo, et quater I. que sequente — {sic) Atque diem super Aprilis lux ultima monstrat. an accompanying note makes his date ' 1444.' « ^ » DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE 493 In Lincoln Cathedral — Annus C quater MXV Domini mihi fluxit \ ^ Sub decimo Martii nono lux ultima vixit J March 19, 1415 Also in Lincoln Cathedral, on a person who died in 1380- Post C ter ac mille simul octogies I, ruit ille Dormit tranquille, locus est Linconia ville. }= 1380 In Peterborough Cathedral, on a person who died in 1338 — M semel C trina ter X sex quoque bina "\ _ Pars donetur ei celestis nunc requiei. /~ ^33° In Hereford Cathedral — Anno milleno, B quater, LX, quoque bino Quatuor his junctis in templi tempore festo. }= 1468 In Kidderminster Parish Church the epitaph of Sir John Philip is dated — M. C quater. XV. Octobris luce secunda, = October 2, 141 5 Sit suus, alme Jesu, tibi spiritus hostia munda. In Fotheringhay Church, Northamptonshire — A°. xfi C quater et M, cum deca quinta ) _ Henrici quinti tunc iminente secundo. /~ ^4^5 i.e. The second year of Henry the Fifth being near at hand 1414-15. In Wissingset Church, Norfolk, on a brass to Richard Bozoun— Ricardus Bozoun quondam fueram vocitatus, Quod fueram non sum quia pulvere sum subhumatus, M. C tetras ac L in festi vespe stelle Spiritus expirat, Deus o crimina pelle. i.e. On the eve of Epiphany, 1350. In Long Melford Church, Norfolk, on the brass of Sir William Clapton, who died in 1446. M. C quater, sexto Christi quater X simul anno. = 1446 In Hokering Church, Norfolk — Milleno quingeno anno ter quoque deno Et nono Domini, dum rex Henricus et annum Primum post denos tres regni octavus agebat, Hie fuit Humfridus Smalpiece, aestate sepultus. i.e. In the thirty-first year of Henry the Eighth. = 1539 In St. Mary Coslany Church, Norwich, part of a rhyming inscrip- tion — Annis M°. C° quater, decies sex bis quoque binis. = 1464 Sexto Kalendarum fuit Aprilis sibi finis. = March 27 494 DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE In Islington Church, Norfolk — Anno milleno Domini C ter nonageno \ _ Unus addatur numerus bonus, ut videatur. /"" ^39^ In Sawston Church, Cambridgeshire — M. Domini quater C. his X additur an' ter. = 1430 4-^ At Antwerp, in St. Michael's Abbey Church. Epitaph of the sixteenth Abbot ^gidius Bieroliet is dated — Bis sexcenteno, bis terno, bis quadrageno. Anno decessit ; huic Christus vera quies sit, = 1286 Epitaph of the seventeenth Abbot, Henry de Malines, is dated — Anno milleno, cum ter centum legeretur = 1300 Mors necat hunc telis, in octavis Michaelis. Epitaph of the eighteenth Abbot, Godefroy de Waerloos — Anno dum scribis C ter. M. triaX. minus I. bis. = 1328 Terno Janus idus heu ! decessit Godefridus. Abbas vir fidus, pastorum nobile sidus, etc. He was ruler for thirty-four years. Annis bis denis cum quatuor duodenis Hie fueram Rector, ora pro me rogo Lector. Epitaph of the nineteenth Abbot, William Cabileau, is dated — Mille trecentenis I. juncta quater quoque denis. = 1346 Cessit ei finis nox post festum Catherinse Annis bis senis, hie mensibus atque Novenis Rexi, me lenis Deus omnibus eripe poenis. Epitaph of the twentieth Abbot, Guillaume Liminas, is dated — Mundi liquit iter, C. ter M. scriptis L. et ter = ^353 Qui super astra sedes Rex tecum vivere se des. Epitaph of the twenty-first Abbot, Martin Loys, is dated — M. Canitur C. ter L. adde viginti duoque = 1372 Quando fuit septo februi perit ecce kalendas. Quae super astra sedet, huic Christe Parens tua se det. Annis ter senis tribus hebdomadis quoque denis Rexi Rex lenis me coeli junge serenis. Epitaph of the twenty-second Abbot, Guillaume Brulocht, is dated — Noctu mox ante Quintini connumerante M. minus X. C quater obit, etc. = 1390 Annis ter senis hie mensibus octoque rector Christe fui, lenis mihi sis precor, et pete lector. ^ DATES QUAINTLY EXPRESSED IN LATIN VERSE. 495 The following are extracted from the Brunswick Chronicle mentioned at page 418 of the present volume. The year of the death of Charlemagne, 'according to these old lines' — Post Christum CCC. D jungas et super adde Decern cum quatuor, Carolus rex moriebatur. = 814 At the battle of Welfesholz, on February 11, 11 15, the number of the slain was 45,000, according to this 'old verse ' — '■ Anno milleno, centeno, ter quoque quino, Sylvam Welphonis perfunderat unda cruoris, Sunt hominum occisi quadraginta millia quinque, Ipso nempe die Dionysi martyris almi. The year of the death of King Philip (?) — Anni milleni, bis quatuor atque duceni \ _ ^ q Exstant, quando pius rex occidit ense Philippus. / ~ The date of a battle on the day of St. Pantaleon — Post duo DD. duo CC. LXI. Panthalis ecce, = 1261 Multos prostrates, etc. In the year 1284, on the day of St. John and St. Paul, the people of Hamel lost 130 children, 'qui intraverunt montem Calvariam ' (the story of the piper of Hamelin) — Im Jahr MCCLXXXIIII nah Christi gebort, Tho Hamelin worden uthgevohrt Hundert und XXXIII kinder dasulvest geborn, Durch einen Piper unter den koppen verlorn. Post duo CC. mille, post octoginta quaterque, = 1284 Annus hie est ille, quo languet sexus uterque Orbantes pueros centum atque triginta pannis = 130 Et Pauli caros Hamelenses, non sine damnis : Fatur ut omnes eos vivos calvaria sorpsit. Christe tuere reos, ne tam mala res quibus obsit. These 'barbarous verses' signify three things: i. The capture, in 1291, of the Harlingsberg camp; 2. The death of the Emperor Rudolph ; 3. The burial of the Duke William of Brunswick — Post M. post duo CC. post nonaginta monosque, = 1291 Herlingsberg capitur, molitur rex, dux spelitur. An inundation of the river Weser happened in 1374 at the town of Hamelen — Post M. post tria C. post septuaginta quaterque, = 1374 Wesera crescebat Hamelen stratasque tegebat. The author has striven to avoid errors^ and to exclude them from the foregoing pages ; yet he suspects that some may have escaped both his vigilance and the printer s care. He therefore desires his benevolent readers to observe the behest of the writers of certain old Chronogram books, curtly expressed in these words MENDA EMENDA. Another old writer is not so sparing of his words , in the acknowledgment of his Errata, which (in this instance^ cover two folio pages arranged in five columns oj print I He wisely says — De erratis corrigendis. Nullus est liber impressus vel manuscriptus, magnus vel parvus, qui aliquos non habet essentiales vel accidentales errores ; sicut enim nullus est homo qui non peccet, nullus fuit, nee est scrip tor qui non erret, sive sit sanctus, sive peccator. [Ex, " Radii So/is ze/i seraphici veritatis" By P. de Alva y Astorga.) Lovanii 1666. INDEX. Adrian, St., college at Gram- mont, 133, 135. iCgidius de Vrese, Poemata, 116. .iEpinus, J., died, 440, 450. Affligen abbey, Gysbrecht's profession there, a cabala and chronograms, 197. Afra, St., relics of, 486. Agalliama et jubilare votiim, by S. Heinmitz, 37. Agricola, R. , death of, 446. Aix-la-Chapelle, its destruction by fire and restoration by water, 202. Albert, Archduke of Austria, governor of the Netherlands, 469. Albert of Austria and Elizabeth, his wife, build a fountain, 470. Albert, Duke of Bavaria, 123. Alchemy, works on, with some obscure chronograms, 1 14. Alciat, A., died, 449. Aleander died, 448. Aldenburg monastery, epitaphs of abbots, 491, 492. Alliteration compositions, 127, 129, 130, 132. Almanac for Tyrnau, of the year 1685, chronograms for each day, 375-388 ; for Bam- berg for the year 1672, 80. See also Calendars. Alter Idiota, a curious volume, 389-392- Anabaptists at Munster, 430. Anagram on a medal, 478. Anne, daughter of Melancthon, 440. Anne, Queen of England, died, 141. Annus chronographicus, with a singular address to the reader, and a hymn for each day in the year, and chronograms for conclusio anni, 199. Annus sexagesimus, by G. Grumsel, 82. Another almanac, 375. Another idiot, 389. Anthony, King of Portugal, gives relics of saints to Ant- werp, 185. Antwerp, Bishop of, 157. Antwerp, chronograms in churches, 207, 494. Antwerp, festival at. 5e^ Relics. Antwerp, immaculate concep- tion proclaimed, 120. Apotheosis Leopoldi, etc., a book-title, 57. Applausus anagrammaticus. See Concentus. Applausus genethliacus, on the birth of the infant Leopold, 61. Applausus nietricus, a congra- tulation to Bishop Brenart of Bruges, 149. Applausus metricus, addressed to Clement, Archbishop of Cologne, 462. Arabic grammar, by Kirstenus, 58. Arbor Genealogica, etc., of Bishop Hutten, 158. Am hem, portrait of Charles, Duke of Gelders, 207. Aschaffenburg, view of, 276. Assumption of B.V.M., engrav- ing, 276. Atterbury conspiracy, 12. Audenrogge, J., epitaph, 209. Augsburg Confession medals, 279, 287, 289. Augusta Austriae virtus, a book- title, 336. Augustaies cunse, on the death of the infant Leopold, 59. Augustus, Elector of Saxony, born, 138. Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, an imaginary palatial struc- ture, with chronograms in honour of him, 416. Australia alluded to in chrono- grams, 466, 467. Author's name in chronogram 31. 35. 56, 57. 82, 112, 115, 116. Avancinus, and Aviano, chro- nograms by Leopold i. on their death, 312, 313. Aviano. See Avancinus. Ayala, B., portrait, 272. Backer, extracts from his Bib- liography of Jesuit Writers, chronogram titles mentioned, 67, 68. Bamberg almanac, 80. Banbury, epitaph at, 14. Baudius, B. , a Dutch poet, ex- tracts from his works, 86 ; he does not count the letter D as a numeral, 86. Beau Fr6 abbey founded, 492. Begley, Rev. W., books with chronograms in his library, 8, 9, 34, 59, 65, 69, IIS, 123, 126, 136, 179, 189, 193. Belgrade, siege of, 282, 284. Bells with chronograms at Bridgnorth, 14. Bell with inscription alluding to 63 498 INDEX. the treaty - breaking Turks, 2IO. Bells at Raab, 210, 211, Bells at Wytham, 470. Bembo, P., died, 449. Berchtold, S., epitaph, 479. Bergues in Flanders, the abbey of St. Winnoc, epitaphs, 205, 206. Bernardus Rosa, abbot of Griis- sau, playful chronogram on his name, 161. Berne in Switzerland, founded, 469. Bernegger, M., epitaph, 480. Biro, Duke, marshal of France, death of, 88. Bishops and Abbots, chapter on, 149. Bodleian Library, chronogram books there, 9, 213. Bohemian History, a tract with chronograms not distinguish- ing the numeral letters, 125. Boiem, pastor, death of, 212. Bologna, epitaph at, 490. Bombardia invented, 444. Bonn and other towns subdued and captured, dates by epi- grams, 425, 426. Book, " Zion's Joy," dated with chronogram, 472. Bovines, battle of, 488. Brenart, Bishop of Bruges, 148. Brent, J., born, 446. Bridgnorth, bells at, 14. Broadside or broadsheet, Lon- don, 458. Broadsheets, 26 ; a scrap-book of, 119 ; Flemish examples, 27, 206 ; Charles VL, 324. Bruges, chronograms collected there, 206. Bruges city, congratulation to Bishop Brenart, 148. Brunnen in Switzerland, 204. Brushfield, T. N., contributes a chronogram, 204, 470. Brunswick chronicle, 418. Brunswick, Dukes of, 20, 416. Brunswick, Duke Anton Ulrich, a panegyric, 93. Brunswick, Augustus, Duke of, 416 ; other dukes, 418. Bucer, M., died, 449. Buda captured, 311, 312 ; Turks defeated at, 57. Budaeus, G., died, 448. Burgenhagen, J., died, 450 Burgundy, Dukes of, 145. Bursfeld, abbot of, laudatory verses, 162. Cabala, 61, 62, 168, 169, 197, 244, 247, 248, 329, 456, 463. Caecilia Bredana, a musical manuscript, 9. Cajetan, saint, 270. Calendar, correction of, 393. Calendarium poeticum, by J. Dinkelius, a collection of epigrams, 452. Calendars with chronograms, by Winepaher, 69-80 ; a Bamberg almanac for 1672, 80 ; a Tyrnau almanac, 375. Camerarius, J., born, 446. Canal between Munster and Zwolle commenced, 141. Canel's modern work, a chapter on chronograms, 144. Cannon invented, 444. Capitaneus, P., epitaph, 482. Cara Delim soboles, words ap- plied to the infant Leopold, 62. Carleton, G., work by, 15. Carlo Borromeo, 432. Carlsbad devastated by a water- spout, 203. Carmelites at Worms, their misfortunes and recovery, in a tract, " Palmagloriosa," 196. Carmelus Triumphans, alliter- ative panegyrics and chrono- grams, 127. Carmina funebria Argentoren- ses, obituaries at Strasburg, 479- Catalogum Romanorum et Germanicorum Imperatorum, by Joseph a Pinu, 451. Catharine, wife of Henry viii., 430- Cat warming herself, 473. Celta, C, born, 446. Certamen Catholicorum, a tract, a contest of Catholics with Calvinists, alliterations on letter C, by M. Ham- conius, 129. Charlemagne, death of, 495. Charles I., King of England, 5 ; his execution related in chro- nogram, 7, II ; his malady in Greek chronograms, 475. Charles 11., King of England, a musical manuscript relat- ing to, 9; the Jesuits' plot to assassinate, a satirical poem, 9 ; reference to other ex- amples, ti ; his restoration related in chronogram, 8 ; the fifth monarchy men, 8. Charles ill. of Spain crowned emperor as Charles vi. of Germany, 23. Charles v., born, 429 ; crowned King of Spain, 429 ; elected emperor, 429. Charles vi., Emperor, elected, 23 ; his coronation and a chronicle of his career, 319- 323 ; a broadsheet and por- trait, 324; addressed by the people of Namur, 132 ; his election, 141 ; tracts relating to him as King of Hungary, 324 ; and victories over the Turks, 327 ; a war-trophy, 275. See also Medals. Charles Vii., Emperor, his short reign and death, 330, 331 ; dispute and war on his acces- sion, 340. Charles Xii. of Sweden, medal with an anagram, 478. See also 283, 285. Charles Alexander, governor of the Netherlands, applauses and rejoicings, with many chronograms, 353-374- Charles Leopold of Lorraine, 428. Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, and his misfortunes, 415- Charles, several. See Medals. Christina, Queen of Sweden, 56, 423- Chronica chronographica ab anno 1600, extract from, on the execution of Charles I., 7. Chronicle, Brunswick, 418. Chronicle of Eisfeld, 211. Chronicle of Freiberg, 137. Chronicle of Goslar, 490. Chronicle of Gorlitz, 209, 491. Chronicle of Ober-alt-Aich, 490. Chronicon Riddagshusense, 26. Chronograms, general remarks on, I ; definition of, 2 ; the antiquity of, 4 ; retrospective, 4 ; pure chronograms, 5 ; chronograms in England, 7. Chronogram, all the numeral letters must be counted, 123. Chronogram, modern, made in Elizabethan style, 467. Chronogram, early use of the word, 145. Chronograms printed without distinguishing the date letters, 123-126. Chronograms, a French work on, by A. Canel, 144. Chronographia particulads, a tract, 123. Cigler, B., theologian, 439. Clement Augustus, Archbishop of Cologne, 462. Coblenz, 203, 484. Coelum orbis Teutonic!, title of a laudation of Francis i., 309- INDEX. 499 Coiners of false money branded, 139- Coins. See Medals. Coligny assassinated, 87. College exercises by Jesuit scliolars, 117, 398-402. Cologne, Archbishop Clement, 462 ; Archbishop Maximilian, 157- Cologne, Wintzler, a consul of, 455- Cologne sedition described, and the leaders punished, 112. Colophon to a catalogue of St. Paul's Library, 465. Colophon with a chronogram, 453. See also end of this volume. Combe Bissett, chronogram in parish register, 470. Combron abbey, epitaphs of abbots, 492. Comets appeared, 8, 139, 210. Compliments and congratula- tions, 16, 21, 25, 35 ; in Greek, 474. Concentus sive applausus ana- grammaticus contextu chro- no-biblicus, an address to Bishop of Antwerp, 156. Cond^, Prince, killed when a prisoner, 87. Confundebatur Constantinopo- litanus, 428. Conflagrations at Aix-la-Cha- pelle, 202 ; Eisfeld, 211 ; Gouda, 208 ; Freiberg, 138 ; Dresden, 139 ; Heinsberg, 432 ; Li^ge, 488 ; Pletten- berg, 142 ; Gorlitz, 491. Conspiracy against Charles 11., 9 ; Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, a medal on the alleged conspiracy, 12. Constantine, abbot of Fulda, 160. Contarini, Cardinal, died, 448. Controversy against and for the Romish Church, 114, 115. Cooper, W. See Alchemy. Copenhagen, episcopal palace, 489, 490. Cordus, E., died, 448. Cordus, v., died, 449. Cornarius, J., died, 450. Corollse majales, congratula- tions, 21. Corpus Christi, the festival of, chronograms laudatory of St. Thomas Aquinas, 178 ; and another tract on same, 179. Corten family, historical notes of, 208. Cosmas and Damian, saints, 89. Council of Trent, 431. Constance, Claude, Bishop of, his consecration, 146. Cramprich, J., epitaph, 484. Cranach, L., painter, 440. Cranach, L., the elder, died, 450- Cromwell, O., allusion to, 146. Croniger, J., and wife, deaths of, 212. Cruciger, 438, 449, 453. Curious books, chapter on, 112. D, the letter = 500, not counted by Dutch writers, 2, 86. See also Preface. Danhawer, J. C, epitaph, 483. Dates quaintly expressed in Latin verse, 485. Dauphin of France, born at Fontainebleau, 89. Deceptions and tricks described in the Flemish language, 115. De Imitatione Christi, 59, 60. Delicifle Parnassi, by J. Rempen, 91. 93. 97- Desmoteria, a book-title, 58. Dice playing condemned, 59. Dinckelius, J., a collection of epigrams by him, 452. Dissertatio inauguralis, with a chronogram congratulation to the author, 195. Ditrich, S., epitaph, 480. Dog named Lodder, an old epitaph to, 472 ; a modern epitaph to dog Carlo, 472. Dorchester almshouse, 469. Downfall of the hierarchy, 114. Drama at Culm in Poland, 394 ; a Dutch drama composed in chronogram, 395 ; another Dutch drama, 396 ; a pest play or drama at Prague, 397 ; drama as college exer- cises, with chonograms, 398- 402. Durer, Albert, died, 447. Dutch drama, 395, 396. Dutch manuscript, with fac- simile illustrations of, 403. Dutch golden wedding memo- rial, 404. Dutch deceptions, a work on, US- Dutch MS. poemata, 44. Early chronogram on a battle in Friesland, 119, 120. Ebner, H., of Nuremberg, 438. Eck, J., died, 448. Einsiedeln, 205. Eisfeld chronicle, 211. Elizabeth, Queen of England, 432. Emblems with chronograms, 276. Emperors of Germany of the Hapsburg family, 291. Empire of Germany, See Holy, etc. England, local chronograms, 14. Engraving, Seven Years' War, 260-264. Engraving, Maximilian Em- manuel, Duke of Bavaria, 267. Prince Eugene, 272. Engraving, Cajetan, saint, 270. Engraving, Frederic i.. King of Prussia, 270. Engraving, Huls, A., portrait, 271. Engraving, portraits, various, 271, 272. Engraving, a military trophy of Charles VI. , 275. Engraving, view of Heilbronn, 275- Engraving, view of Aschaffen- burg, 276. Engraving, emblems, 276. Engraving, the Assumption of B.V.M., 276. Engraving, Elizabeth, mother of Leopold, 292. Engraving, Charles vi., a broadsheet on his succession, with portrait, 324. Eobanus, poet, 438, 446. Epicedion, on the death of Maria Antonia, 62. Epigrams by Joseph k Pinu and others, 424-434. 435- Epigrams by Streithagen, 428 ; by Dinckelius, 452. Epigrammata chronico-sacra, a remarkable work, 164 ; fron- tispiece, 165 ; author conceals his name, 166 ; his name dis- covered, 167; Cabala, 168, 169 ; Imitation of Thomas k Kempis, 172 ; variety of sub- jects, 174. Epinicia chronographica, a book-title, 57. Equinoxes, precession of, 452 ; and see New Style. Erasmus, death of, 445, 448 Errata, introduction to, com- posed in chronogram, 137. Esterhazy, Count, a supporter of Maria Theresia, a memo- rial volume of him, with many chronograms, 341-352 ; many composed by himself, 352; writes letters to his friends in chronogram, 350. Eteostichorum liber, by Joseph k Pinu, 451. 500 INDEX. Eugene, Prince, engraving, portrait, and chronograms, 272-275. Faber, W., death of, 212. Fabricius, G. , died, 447. Fagius, P., died, 449. Faith, hope, and charity, 26. Falkenstein, Count of, his cas- trum doloris at Vienna, 482. Fisher, J., Bishop of Rochester, 430. Florilegium eteostichorum, by Caspar Hofman, 115. Forestus, P., epitaph, 483. Foster, J., died, 450. Fotheringay, epitaph at, 493. Franciscus Christophorus, Bishop of Spires, 158, Francis i. of France defeated, 429. Francis I. of France a pnsoner, 145 ; his birth and death, 87. Francis I., Emperor, extrava- gant laudation of, 309. Francis 11., Emperor, return from campaigns in 1814, 310. Francis Goldsmith, 58. Francis Xavier, Saint, miracu- lous cure of fevers, 83. Franciscan monasteries in Ger- many, 197. Frankenberg, Count, Bishop of Malines, made cardinal, 158. Frederic Augustus, Duke of Saxony and King of Poland, gratulations on changing his evangelican faith for popery, 94, 96, 97. Frederick i.. King of Prussia, 270. Freiburg chronicle, 137. Frewen's Hall at Oxford, 471, 472. Friesland, a battle m 1345, marked by an early chrono- gram, 119, 120. Frising, the relics of St. Non- nosus at, 186. Fulda, Abbot and Bishops of, 160. Gamaren, Bishop, 19. Gembloux monastery, 487. Gentis, Bishop of Antwerp, 156. George i. acceded as King of England, 141. George 11., King of England, founded Gottingen Univer- sity, 12. George, Prince of Anhalt, died, 450- Gerardimontis (Grammont), 133, 135. Germany, Emperors of, Leo- pold and Eleonora, 22 ; some princes of, 410 ; some empe- rors of, 291. Gerson, J., death of, 445. Ghent, chronograms at, 206, 207. Gnill, P., epitaph, 480. Golden wedding congratula- tion, 468. Golden wedding memorial, 404 ; with remarks on silver wed- dings and others, 406. Goldsmith, F., a work dated by his name, 58. Gorlitz chronicle, 209, 491. Goslar chronicle, 490. Gothofredus, D., epitaph, 480. Gouda, conflagrations there, 208. GrafFschaften, Abbot of, his astonishing chronogrammatic work. See Epigramraata, etc. Grammont college, 133, 135. Granville, Cardinal, died, 449, Grauw, JE., epitaph, 209. Greek chronograms, 474. Grumsel, works by, 58, 82. Griissau, Abbots of, 161. Grynseus, S. , died, 448. Gualthenis, B., mathematician, 438. Guise, Duke and Cardinal, murdered, 88. Gumppenburg, work on mira- culous images, 232. Gustavus Adolphus 11., King of Sweden, 421, 422. Haarlem, chronogram in the Great Church, 208. Hague, a drawing of a church at, 469. Hale's grammar-school at Hert- ford, 467. Hamconius, M., a writer of alliterations on letter C, 130. Hamelin, 130 children lost at, 495 ; the piper of, 495 ; inun- dation at, 495. Hanau, Magdalena Claudia, Countess of, and illumina- tions, 414. Handl, J., musician, 210. Hans Sachs, riddles and table- talk, curiously dated, 119. Heacham, epitaph at, 14. Heart of Abbot Dionysius en- tombed, 163 ; of Leopold William, 482. Hedio, C, died, 449. Heidelberg, the Jesuits' college at, its fates and fortunes, 193. Heilbronn, view of, 275. Heinsberg, burning of, 432. Heinsius, poet, epitaph, 483. Helius, E. , of Hesse, died, 448. See Eboanus. Henry II. of France wounded in a tournament and died, 87. Henry of Navarre married Mar- garet. 431. Henry iv. of France wounded by an assassin, 87. Hereford Cathedral, epitaph, 493- Herlingsberg captured, 490, 495- Hermannus k S. Barbara, a writer of alliterations, 127. Hertford, Hale's grammar- school, 467. Hertfordshire churches, chrono- grams for, 468. Hertfordshire newspaper, chro- nogram at Oxford, 471, 472. Hesse, William, Landgrave of, 126. Hesse Cassel, Princes of, 410 ; coins and medals of, 413 ; epigrams on, 432, 433. Heusen, E. , epitaph, 481. Hildesheim monastery founded, 490. Hohenberg, death of, 484. Hokering, epitaph at, 493. Holy Roman Empire, its rise and extinction, 334. Hubert, Saint, a jubilee festival and chronograms, 190. Hubsburg monastery, 162. Huls, A., portrait of, 271. Huntingdon, epitaph at, 14. Huss, J. , death of, 445. Hutten, Baron, Bishop of Spires, 158. Hutten, Ulrich, a strange char- acter, ' valde bestialis," a sar- castic notice of him by J. N. Weislinger, 143 ; his death, 447- Huttenus delarvatus, a satire on Ulrich Hutten, 144. Iconoclasts in Belgium, 431- Illuminations at Hanau, 414. Illustris academia Lugd-Batava, a book of portraits and me- moirs, 483. Imhof, C, broadsheet, 27. Immaculate Conception pro- claimed in 1855 at Antwerp, 120 ; at Louvain, 121. Imperial family of Germany, 290, 291. Imprint as a chronogram, 148 a rare example of, 456. Innocent xi., Pope, 427. Inundation by the river Niesse, 210 ; of one hundred villages in Belgium, 430; at Ham- burg, 284 ; at Zealand, 489. Inundation by the river Weser, 486, 487, 495. Islington, epitaph at, 494. James, St., the Apostle, his head at Arras, 489. Jesuit college exercises, chrono- grams by students, 117, 398. Jesuits' plot for assassination of King Charles 11., a tract, 9. Joannes k Cruce, 127 ; a festi- val in honour of him, 128. John George, Elector of Saxony, 414. John of Austria, 431, 432. Jonas, J., died, 450. Joseph, Archduke, afterwards Emperor, birth of, 126. Joseph I., Emperor, 302, 308, 427 ; his death, 56. Joseph II., Emperor, 287. Junius, F. , epitaph, 483. Kempis, Thomas, note on, 147, 148 ; mentioned, 168, 172 ; his work De Imitatione Christi, 59. Kevelaer, miraculous image at, 234- Kidderminster, epitaph at, 493. Kind, N., theologian, 211, 212. Kirstenus, P. , his works dated by chronograms, 57, 58 ; his Arabic grammar, 58. Kitschius, H., on finger-rings, 57- Klagenfurth, engraving, 277. Klostermair, or Clostermair, writes chronograms without marking the numeral letters, 123. Konigsbrun, fountain at, 470. Koska and Gonzaga, Saints, chronogram at Treves, 251. Labyrinth chronogram, 46, 47- Landgraves of Hesse, epigrams on, 432, 433. Landslip exposed contents of burial-ground, 138. Langer, J., pastor, 439. Lannoy, an address to, 132. Largus, N., author, 58. Latin rhyming verse, remarks on. III. Law, John, financier, 13. Legipont's inscriptions for libraries, 464. Leoniceni, N., born, 447. Leopold, William, Archduke of Austria, epitaph, 481 ; his heart enshrined at Celle, 482. INDEX. Leopold I. , Archduke and Em- peror, an engraving, 270. Leopold I., Emperor, 57. Leopold I. , a writer of chrono- grams, 311-314. See also 23, 318. Leopold 1. and Empress Mar- garet, and her death, 293 ; his three wives, 293. Leopold and his son Joseph, 302-308. Leopold, infant son of Charles VI., his birth and death, 33, 59, 61, 62 ; invested with the Golden Fleece, 284. Lepanto, victory of, 431. Leyttersperg, S., epitaph, 480, Liborius, relics of, 287. Libraries, chronogram inscrip- tions for, 464. Lightning, damage by, 139, 489, 491. Linacer, T. , died, 447. Lincoln Cathedral, epitaph, 493. Lindenmann, J., pastor, 440. Lisbon earthquake, 287. Lloyd, Anne, epitaph, 484. Locusts infesting Poland, 431. Logogryph, 140. Logogryph verse, an indifferent specimen by Rempen, 106 ; marriage verses, 140. London broadside, 458. Longolius, C, died, 447. Lotharius, Archbishop of May- ence, 152. Lots, divination by, figuratively used in congratulating a bishop, 153. Louis, Prince Condd killed when a prisoner, 87. Louis XI. of France, his tomb destroyed, 431. Louis XIV. , his birth, 146. Louis XV. , 286. Louvain, a festival in honour of Pope Pius IX. in relation to the Immaculate Concep- tion dogma, 121, Loyola, Ignatius, his bones preserved at Rome, 107, Lucerna salis, etc. See Al- chemy. Ludus emblematicus. See Frankenberg. Luneburg, miseries of war, 486. Luther, M. , born, 445 ; died, 449 ; marriage of, 429 ; epi- grams on his death, 438 ; various chronograms, 253, 259. See Medals, Luther. Luther, J., Rempen writes vio- lent invectives against, and afterwards sincere panegyrics. See Rempen. 501 Lutheranism began, 429. Lutherus Immortalis, a satirical work by Rempen, 97 ; an- other similar work, 100. Luxembourg, chronograms at, 203. Madelene de Nassau, 146. Magdeburg, destruction of, 204. Magdeburg rebuilt, 204. Magic squares, 394, 395. Magistrates, congratulations to, 35- Major, J., died, 447, Malines, 208, 209; Count Franckenburg, Bishop of, 158. See also Mechlinia. Manuscript volume of chrono- grams, 44-54. Manuscript in Dutch, with chronograms and facsimile illustrations, 403. Marcellus, J., Regiomontanus, 439- Margaret, wife of Leopold i. , her death, 293-301 ; epitaph, 402. Maria Antonia of Bavaria, 427. Maria Antonia, epicedion on her death, 62. Maria Theresia succeeds Charles vi., pragmatic sanc- tion, disputes and war in consequence, 330 ; flattering laudations, 336, 337 ; sup- ported by Count Esterhazy, 341 ; claims the dominions of Austria and the throne of Hungary, 342. Marienbad, chronograms at, 202. Marriage verses and addresses : Hultzcher and Henning, 16 ; a marriage at Rostock, 17 ; a marriage at Griefswalde, 17 ; Ungel and Hober, 17 ; Schrotter and Vigel, 17 ; Schellenberg, 17 ; Moutz and Schenck, 18 ; Vuldere and Prostia, 18 ; Weza and Ru- benstein, 18 ; King of Portu- gal and Maria of Austria, 39 ; Eccard and Weinhold, 40 ; Nassau, Counts of, 40 ; Schultz and Schrammia, 42 ; Schadasus and Anna Hert- zogs ('Annula casta'), 42; Ernest, Duke of Coburg, 43 ; Melroy, Baron, various, 45 ; Scaghen and Duvenvord, five pages of verse, 89 ; Kirch- mann and Emerentia, 90 ; Joseph, King of Hungary, and Wilhelmina Amalia, an ode, 91 ; Philip, Count Pala- 502 line, and Anna of Poland, Ii6 ; Logogryph, 140 ; Reck and Ledebur, 140, 141 ; Forstmann and Nicolai, 142. M arriage verses composed as a logogryph, 140, Marriage verses, anonymous, and Sponsiim et sponsam, 426 ; verses in Greek, 475. Marriage congratulations, mo- dern, 467. Mary, Queen of England, 427, Mary Queen of Scots, 432. Maximilian, Archbishop of Cologne, 157, Maximilian Emmanuel, Duke of Bavaria, an engraving and chronograms, 267 ; epigram, 427 ; death of his wife, Maria Antonia, 62 ; medal, 283. Mayence, Loharius Arch- bishop of, congratulation, 152 ; Ostein, Archbishop, 153. See Medals, 280, 282. Mechlinia illustrata, a work on the miraculous efficacy of the relics of St. Francis Xavier, 82. Medals and Coins : Germany and others, 278 ; city and archbishopric of Mainz, 280 ; archbishoprics of Germany, 281 ; various others, per- sonal, historical, warlike, etc., 282 ; universities and schools, 288 ; Osnaburg, 289 ; Augsburg confession, 279, 287, 289 ; Atterbury con- spiracy, 12 ; Albert Ernest of Dettingen, 278 ; Altdorf university, 287, 289 ; Bam- berg, 279, 282 ; Belgrade siege, 282, 284 ; Breslau, 288 ; Bunslau school, 288 ; Charles vi. , 279, 283, 284 several, 285 several, 286, 288 ; Charles xii. of Sweden, 283, 285, 478 ; Charles Frederic of Saxony, 286 ; Charles Theodore, 279 ; Charles Al- bert, 286 ; Charles Emanuel, 286 ; Clement Augustus, 285 ; Clement xi. , Pope, 286 ; Elizabeth Christina, Empress, 283, 284 ; Eleonora, Em- press, 286 ; Emperor and the Pope, their dispute, 283 ; Ernest Augustus, Brunswick, 280 ; Frederic Augustus, 279 ; Frederic Margrave, 287 ; George II. of England, 12 ; George Frederic Carl, 287 ; Giessen university, 289 ; Got- tingen university, 13 ; Ham- burg pestilence, 283 ; Ham- INDEX. burg inundation, 284 ; Hesse Cassel, 413 ; Hesse, Land- graves of, 413 ; Hohenloe, John, Count, 279 ; John Ernest vii., Duke of Saxony, 278 ; Joseph i. as King of Hungary, 282, 283 ; Joseph II., Emperor, 287 ; Julius, Sigismund of Mecklenburg, 278 ; John Law, 13 ; Leo- pold, infant, invested with the order of the Golden Fleece, 284; Liborius, St., his relics, 287 ; Li^ge bishop- ric, 282; Lisbon earthquake, 287 ; IJndau university, 288 ; Louis XV. of France, 286 ; Ludovicus I. of Bohemia, 279 ; Luther, 253, 257, 258, 278, 285 several ; Mainz, Archbishops and See of, 280, 282 ; Maximilian Emmanuel, 283 ; Maurice William, Duke of Saxony, 278 ; Nepomuc, St. John, 286 ; Neuhausel siege, 282 ; Nuremberg, 285 ; Nuremberg shooters, 286 ; Osnaburg, 289 ; Osnabruk bishopric, 282 ; Rastadt, peace of, 283 ; Ratisbon pestilence, 283 ; Ryswick, the peace of, 279 ; Stuhlweissen- burg siege, 282 ; Temesvar siege, 284; Ulrica, Queen of Sweden, 285, 286 ; Vienna pestilence, 283 ; Westphalia, the peace of, 279 ; William III. of England, 12, 282 ; Wurzburg, Bishop, 286 ; Wurzburg university, 289. Medical form of a date, 57. Medical work, 118. Medicinal plants, 57. Meibomius, H., author, 26. Melancthon, P., born, 446; died, 451. Melford, epitaph at, 493. Melroy, Baron, various ad- dresses, 45. Meran in Tirol, epitaph at, 484. Meretrices expelled from Rome, 431- Meusler, P. and A. , 442. Micylius, J., died, 450. Miracula Lutheri exorcizantis, a satire against Luther, by J. Rempen, 100. Miraculous image of the Virgin Mary at Omel, 213 ; at Keve- laer, 234. Miraculous images, various, 232. Miscellaneous chronograms, chapters on, 466. Monasteries in Germany, 197. Monumentum gloriag, chrono- grams on the Emperors Leo- pold and Joseph, 302-308. Monsterberg, Dukes of, 37. More, Sir Thomas, 430. Mortis Augustse restincta, a book-title concerning Charles VII., emperor, 331. Mosellanus, P., died, 447. Muller, J. B., his academical dissertation dated by allusion to a Duke of Bavaria, 118. Munster, A., died, 450. Musa pacifica, poems by the students at Grammont, 133. Musoe gratulantes, marriage verses, 42. Mushrooms good to throw out of window (25 Sep. ), 384. Nassau, Counts of, mar- riages, 40. Nepomuc, St. John of, a festi- val at Troppau, miracles mentioned in chronograms, 1S8, 286. Netherlands, governors of, 21. New house, a chronogram for, 469. New style and old style, 393. New-year-day address, 29, 34. Nicosia taken by the Turks, 431- Nonnosus, Saint, his remains found, miracles wrought, etc., 186. Norwich, epitaph at, 493. Notary's stamp with a chrono- gram, 408. Notebohm, J. D., portrait, 271. Nova literaria Germanias, 39, 97. "I- Nuptial addresses, 39. See also Marriage verses. Nuptial address, John of Portu- gal. 39. Nuptial verses in Greek, 475. Nuremberg medals, 285, 286 ; Pegnitz Society, 272, Oates, Titus, 9, 11. Ober-alt-Aich chronicle, 490. Ober Ammergau, new organ at, 468. Obituaries and epitaphs, 479. Old house restored, 469. Old style and new style, 393. Oliver, Dr. G., relates a chro- nogram, II. Omel, miraculous image at, 213, 232. Organ at Gorliiz destroyed by lightning, 491. Organ at Goslar, 490. Organ put up at Eisfeld, 211. Organ put up at Freiberg, 138. Organ, new, at Ober Ammer- gau, 468. Orsini elected as Pope, 141. Osiander, A., died, 449. Osnaburg, 289. Osnabruk, 282. Olia Parerga, by W. Neuhu- sius, an entertaining volume, 139 ; the death of his mother, 143- Oxford, 471. Oxford, epitaph at, 14. Oxford, epitaph in St. Michael's church, 484. Palindrome verse, 34, 155. Palma setatis quaternae, etc., facsimile of the chronogram title-page, 65, 66. Palma gloriosa. See Carme- lites. Paschasius, author, 25, 461. Paul, Saint, his day used as a date, 18, 40. Pavia, battle of, 145. Peasants' war in Germany, 429. Pegnitz society at Nuremberg, 272. Peterborough Cathedral epi- taph, 493. Peter the Great died, 142. Petersburg. See Sword. Peucerus, C. , 447. Philelphus, F., death of, 445. Philip William, Count-Palatine, 425- Philip, a king, his death, 495. Picture-frame engraved with a chronogram, 409. Pinu, G., father of Joseph and secretary to Duke of Saxony, 441, 442; Dorothy, author's mother, 442 ; Joseph, senior, 442 ; Frederic, 442, and seve- ral others. Pinu, Joseph a, epigrams, 424 ; on various towns, 425, 426 ; volumes of his epigrams, 435 ; he brought chronograms into popularity, 434 ; list of his works, 434 ; rarity of copies of his books, 436. Piper of Hamelin causes the loss of 130 children, 495. Pirkheimer, B. (or W.), died, 447- Pius vn., Pope, tract of epi- grams on his visit to Malines, 434- Pius IX. and a festival at Lou- vain, 120. Plague (pestis) epidemic, 33 ; at Hamburg, 283; at Vienna, INDEX. 283 ; at Prague, 397 ; at Ratisbon, 283. Plaunitz, J., Doctor, 441 ; Cas- par, his son, 441 ; Siebald, 441 ; Barbara, his wife, 441 ; Magdalene, wife of George, 441 ; Henry, his son, 441. Play. See Drama. Poemata ^gidii de Vrese, n6. Poemafa illustrium, a manu- script volume of nuptial and other addresses, 44. Poesis artificiosa, chronogram verses, 25, 461. Politianus, A., death, 446. Pope, Alexander vii., 57; In- nocent XI., 427, 456; Pius vii. , 434 ; Pius IX., 120. Pork, illness from eating, 430. Portugal, John of, nuptial verses, 39. Posthuma memoria Josephi Esterhazii, a volume, 341. Pragmatic sanction, 330. Pretender, the, allusion to, 140. Printing invented, 445. Prophecies by a foolish girl, 139 ; prophecies for 1588, 491. Purbrach, G,, mathematician, 438. QaEDLINBURG SCHOOL, a Greek chronogram made there, 475. Quinquennalis Seditio at Co- logne, 112. Raptus ecstaticus, a satire on the use of tobacco, 119. Rare books, a chapter on, 136. Recent chronograms, 43, 120- 122, 454, 466, 469, 471, 472. Reinhold, E. , astronomer, 440. Relics of saints, a festival at Antwerp in honour of, 179 ; the procession and relics of, 36 ; particular saints, 180 ; the history of them, 185 ; Relics of Francis Xavier, 82. Rempen, J., a Jesuit and Bene- dictine monk, the works of, 20, 91 ; he renounces mon- astic life and the Roman Church, 97 ; he writes Lu- therus Immortalis, 97 ; and a satire against Luther and his wife, 104 ; an ode on the com- pletion of a Jesuits' church at Rome, 106 ; he now writes a panegyric on Luther, 109 ; Epiphonema in beatam mor- tem Lutheri, 109 ; his com- plete renunciation of popery, III. Reserches sur les jeux d' esprit, a modern work on chrono- grams, etc., 144. Retrograde verse, 34. Rhavius, G., printer, 439. Rhine frozen over, 203. Rhyming Latin verses, remarks on, III. Richter, B., death of, 212. Riddles of Hans Sachs, 119. Ridel, A. C, author of Annus chronographicus, 199. Rings, 57 ; mourning ring, 294- 299. Roch, Saint, the brotherhood of, at Brussels, and chrono- grams, 190, 207. Rock garden made with stones from Australia, 466. Rudolph I. elected King of the Romans, 489. Rudolph fi.. Emperor, death of, 131. Ryswick, peace of, 279. Sabinus, G., born, 446. Sacrament miracle, the, a work by F. J. Broeck, 176 ; a fes- tival held at Brussels in 1770, anagrams and chronograms, 177 ; a festival in 1820, 454, 455- Saints, relics of. See Relics. Saints, several, a chapter on, 186. St. Gallen, 205. St. John of Nepomuk, 57. Salisbury, chronogram at, 15. Salzburg Cathedral consecrated, 203. Savoy, Duke of, visits France, 88. Saxony, various Electors, epi- grams by Joseph k Pinu, 436, 437- Schalles, S., epitaph, 480. Schatzen, J. P., epitaph, 480. Scheppers, P., epitaph, 209. Schertz, author of a work, 30, 31 ; his portrait, 32. Schmidten's wife, death of, 481. Schomburg, born, 487. Schonborn, Archbishop of Treves, 238, 240, 241. Schrotten, W., epitaph, 479, Schuirpius, H., died, 450. Schurphius, a doctor of medi- cine, 438, 440 ; wife of, 440. Scrap-book of broadsheets, 27. Seasons of the year, 81. Seitz, J., death of, 212. Seven Years' War, large engrav- ings of events, 260-264. Sexta mundi astas, a book in the Royal Library at Stutt- 504 INDEX. gart, with chronograms from the year i to 1625 A.D., 136. Sextuplex chronogram, 156. Sherborne school, 473. Sidney, Sir Philip, killed, 87. Silver plate engraved, 408. Sniyterus, C, epitaph, 482. Soldier, a very tall, killed by a dwarf, 431. Spangenberg, J. , pastor, 439. Spanheim, E., death of, 483. Spiegel des Pragerischen Elends, a pest play, 397. Spires, Bishop of, 158. Square root, chronograms reck- oned by, 473. Sligelius, J., born, 446. Strigelius, V., born, 447. Stoeffler, J., mathematician, 438. Stoffler, J., died, 447. Storm at Minden, 487. Strasburg, epitaphs, 479. Streithagen, epigrams by, 428. Strena of 1690, 427 ; of 1693, 428 ; of 1694, 428. Strigelius, Barbara, wife of, 440. Stuhlweissenburg siege, 282, Sturmius, J., died, 430. Subtraction, chronogram date made by, 411, 412. Sundials, 459. Sweating sickness, 430. Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of, 421, 422 ; Christina, 423. Switzerland, chronograms at Brunnen, 204 ; at Einsidlen A medal, 205 ; at St. Gall en a mediil, 205. Sword in Petersburg museum, with a chronogram, 478. Symmetria juridico-Austriaca, chronograms on the German emperors, 291. Te Deum, imitation of, 22. Temesvar siege, 284. Teutschmann, complimentary addresses by, 36. Theatrum funebre, epitaphs, serious and jocose, 481. Theatrum orthodox! cultus, a festival in honour of Joannes k Cruce, 128. Thomas, St., of Canterbury, 430, 488. Thomas, S. C, portrait of, 271. Title-pages dated by or com- posed in chronogram, 15, 30. 34. 55-68, 70, 72, 73, 82, 98, 112, 115, 128, 133, 147, 152. 153. 156. 186, 196. Tiitel, J. , death of, 212. Titz, a judge, verses to, 140. Tobacco and snuff condemned, 119. Tom us Tollendis tenebns, an alliterative tract, 132. Tractatus prsevius de antiquis- sima sacrarum reliquiarum veneratione, etc., by F. Die- ricx. See Relics. Travels by Van Haupt, a Ger- man, with a French chrono- gram dedication, 118 ; an- other work describes a new road and its date by a chro- nogram inscription, 118. Treaty - breaking Turks, 210, 211, 328, 329. Treves, a jocose chronogram at, 250 ; addresses to several archbishops of, 238-252. Trinity college, Cambridge, silver plate engraved with chronogram, 408. Trips, F. X., author of 'Co- logne sedition,' 112 ; also of a chronogrammatic address, 157- Triumphus veritatis, etc., a book-title, 455. Trophy of Charles VI., war against the Turks, 275. Turks defeated in Hungary, 33, 57- Turks, victories over, 428. Ulrica, Queen of Sweden, 285. Universities and schools, medals of, 288. Universities and schools founded, epigram dates of, by Joseph k Pinu, 443-446, 448 ; Basle, 446 ; Bologna, 443 ; Cologne, 444 ; Copen- hagen (Hafnia), 448 ; Cra- cow, 444 ; Dillingen, 449 ; Erfurt, 444 ; Ferrara, 444 ; Frankfurt, 446 ; Griefswald, 445 ; Heidelberg, 444 ; Ko- nigsberg (Regiomontum), 448 ; Ingolstadt, 445 ; Jena, 449 ; Leipzig, 444 ; Louvain, 445 ; Marburg, 448 ; Mont- pellier, 443 ; Orleans (Aure- lia), 444 ; Padua, 443 ; Paris, 443 ; Pavia, 443 ; Perugia, 443 ; Pisa, 444 ; Prague, 444 ; Rostoch, 445 ; Stras- burg, 448 ; Tubingen, 445 ; Vienna, 444; Wittcberg, 446. University of Gottingen, 12. University of Prague, 57. Ursinus, Prince, death of, 484. Valla, L. , death of, 445. Vedast monaster^'. Arras, 489. Venloo, the town of, fortified, 117. Veteris et novre geographise, 64. Victorinus, 453. Vienna, siege of, 314 ; a cross put up . on the cathedral, 315- Vienna Austrige, etc., a book- title, 57. Virgin, a prisoner, blows up the ship of her captors, 431. Viridarium Lusitanum, a work on medicinal plants, 57. Vitus, T., died, 439, 449. Vota pro senatoribus, a work with chronogram title-page, 35- Vrese, .(Egidius, poems by, on a great variety of subjects, 116. Vuilich, J., doctor of medicine, 439- Warminster, epitaph at, 14, Waterspout at Carlsbad, 203. Welfesholz, battle of, 495. Wellington, Duke of, chrono- grams, 310. Westphalia, the peace of, 116, 279. William III., King of England, II. William, Landgrave of Hesse, death of, 126. William the Silent assassinated, 87. Willich, J., died, 450. Wilshere, Mr., chronograms composed by, 466. Winepaher, author of chrono- gram calendars, 69 ; facsimile of title-pages, 70, 72 ; some particulars concerning him, 78. Winnoc, Saint, 205, 206. Winter, a severe, 429. Wittenburg, a jubilee there, 204. Wurzburg, 286, 289. Wytham - on - the - Hill, church bells with chonogram, 470. Xavier, Francis, efficacy of his relics, 82. Zang, D., death of, 212. Zasius, U, , died, 448. Zealand, inundation, 489. Zion's joy, a book dated by chronogram, 472. Zodiac, signs of, 74, 77. Zwingli the Reformer, 430. (Of CHRONOGRAMS easy or tough, I HAVE GIVEN YOU SURELY ENOUGH; SO 1 END WITH A DATE — NOT TOO CRYPTIC, YOU SEE,) IMPRINTED IN LONDON M.CM LESS V.