Division of Agricultural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA PLUM INDUSTRY- Economic Situation, 1959 Jerry Foytik UNIVERSITY OF CALirORWIA DAVIS JAN 19:0 LIBRARY CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION GIANNINI FOUNDATION OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Mimeographed Report No. 222 October 1959 CALIFORNIA PLUM INDUSTPYs ECONOMIC SITUATION, 1959 by Jerry Foytilc^ Tab 1 e 0 f Contents Pa^ e s 1, Introduction . 1-3 2, Charts Production, Utilization and Farm Prices .......... 4-10 Shipments 11-18 Auction Marketings. ........ 19-22 3, Tables Production, Utilization and Farm Prices 23-29 Interstate Shipments 30-47 Auction Marketings. 48-55 Related Data 56-60 }J Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics and Associate Agricultural Economist in the Agricultural Experiment Station and on the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics. This report supersedes Mlmeographad Report No. 104, dated March 1950 i INTRODUCTION This report^ provides an empirical and analytical description of the economic aspects of producing and marketing California plums. Major trends and relationships are revealed by a series of 19 charts. Each chart contains a short discussion of the significance of the facts portrayed. This series, therefore, constitutes an analytical study of certain important economic aspects of this industry. The supporting data, as well as certain supplemental 2/ statistics, are presented in the tables that follow.-^ The chart and tabular material is arranged in a sequence. We start with the farm by considering data on production, utilization, acreage, yield and farm prices. Next, attention is focussed upon changes in the composition of shipments (by producing districts, varieties, size, etc.) and in the grade and size restrictions placed upon shipments by regulations issued under the industry marketing control program. Auction marketings are considered thirdly to indicate the changes underway in consumption areas. Finally we have certain other data to show the position of California plums in relation- ship to other deciduous fruits. \J Since an earlier report was issued a decade ago the economic-marketing aspects of the California plum industry have been altered. Some changes just emerging during the 1940' s have become well established. Others are now appearing. The situation facing the industry needs to be reappraised in the light of events occurring during the 1950' s. This publication supercedes: Foytik, Jerry, "Statistical Material on the California Plum Industry," University of California, Berkeley, March 1950, (Giannini Foundation Mimeo- graphed Report No. 104), '17p. (proc.) 2/ The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of John Love who performed most of the voluminous statistical calculations required for the tables contained herein. 2. Plums are one of California's major deciduous fruits. They are used chiefly for fresh consumption both within the state and at Eastern markets. They account for 25 percent of the fresh deciduous tree fruits shipped from the state— and 40 percent of shipments during May- July. Coimiercial production in the United States is confined principally to a fev; specialized growing areas in California. Some fifteen to twenty varieties are of major importance. Plums are marketed in a staggered fashion from May to September in accordance with progressively later maturity dates of the different varieties. In order to reveal, and even to emphasize, this sequence several of the tables containing information on a varietal basis are arranged in this progres- sion from Beauty plums, which are shipped early, to President and other late varieties. In passing it is well to call attention to varietal changes. Several varieties which represented a substantial proportion of all shipments just 20 or even 10 years ago are of minor importance while new varieties introduced recently are taking their place. A shift in the geographical location of production has occurred--and continues to occur. As late as the 1940' s the Sacramento District was still one of the major producing areas. But now it represents only 10 percent of the total acreage and even less of the plums shipped tO' out-of-state markets. Currerttly, two areas are of major imjDortance. South San Joaquin acreage is located chiefly in Tulare, Fresno, and Kern. Some lies in adjoin- ing areas of Kings, Madera and Merced counties. Placer District is centered in Placer county. A few acres are located in El Dorado and Nevada counties. 3. It may be well to clarify the meaning intended for "plum." Originallys the terms "plum" and "prune" were used as synonyms for the fruit of hundreds of varieties comprising some fifteen different species. A distinction in meaning evolved gradually and is currently recognized by the industry. In this publication the relevant terms are used in the following sense: Prune designates a variety which can be and normally is dried without removal of the pit. The term refers to both the fruit in its fresh state and to the dried product. Plum specifies a variety grown primarily for uses other than drying— i.e., for fresh consumption, and, to a limited extent, for canning, freez- ing, crushing, and jam- and jelly-making. Most, though not all, of the "plum" varieties will ferment when dried with the pit. If they are dried after removal of the pit, the product is called "dried plums" and not "prunes." Fresh prunes , which are grown extensively in the Pacific Northwest, fit into neither of the above categories. They are varieties which are equally well-suited and have been utilized in substantial volume for fresh use, canning and drying. In recent years the Northwest industry has endeavored to gain widespread use of "purple plums" as a more appropriate designation. 4. Figure 1 California Plums: Production, Utilization and Farm Price. Five-year averages, 1910-1959. 1910-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 Production increased from 24, 000 tons during 1910-14 to 85, 000 tons in 1955-59. Quantities not utilized remained negligible until 1931 and have been substantial (over 5% of the crop) during one-third of the past 20 years. Plums are used chiefly in fresh form. Fresh consumption in California increased from 2, 000 tons in 1910-14 to almost 15, 000 tons since 1940. Out-of-state shipments increased from 20, 000 tons in 1910-14 to 50, 000 tons during 1925-44 and to 65, 000 tons for 1955-59. Less than 5% of the crop is processed. About 2, 000 tons were canned during 1910-59. An additional 5, 000 were frozen and crushed annually during the war period (1943-46). Since 1955 quantities frozen have averaged 2, 500 tons. Neg- ligible quantities were crushed after 1947,, Farm prices declined considerably during the interwar period and then rose rapidly to the present level--about 5 times the depression low for 1931-33. Based on Tables 1, 2 and 3. Figure 2 California Pliims: Production, Bearing Acreage and Yield, 1920-1959, 50 40 30 20 10 1 1 \ r Averages An nual Bearing Acrea^ Yield 100 80 60 40 1920-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 40 45 50 55 60 Year-to-year fluctuations in production are considerable --averaging about 20, 000 tons, or 25% of the average crop, since 1940, The trend in production prevailing until the mid 1940' s reflected changes in bearing acreage until 1935 followed by increases in yield. Bearing acreage expanded rapidly during the 1920's decreased substantially dxiring the 1930's, and declined very gradually since 1940. Yield varied about a level of 2.2 tons vmtil 1935 and increased thereafter to an average of 4 tons for recent years. Based on Table 1. Bearing acreage increased until 1931 and then declined so that acreage in 1956 was barely above that of 1921 and almost 30% below the high level of 1931. Important changes in the geographi- cal distribution of acreage occurred during this period. Bearing acreage in all major areas increased until the late 1920' s or early 1930' s. In South San Joaquin Valley a further increase of 35% to over 10,000 acres occurred. Decreases occurred else- where: from 10, 000 to 7, 500 acres in Placer District, from 10, 000 to 2, 200 acres in Sacramento District, and from 3, 200 to 1,700 acres in other areas. Percentagewise, South San Joaquin Valley increased from 12% in 1921 to 24% for 1926-36 and 47% by 1956. Placer District varied between 30 and 43% of the total during 1921-56. Sacramento Dis- trict declined from 39 to 10% and other areas from 12 to 8% dur- ing 1921-56. Based on Table 4. Figure 4 California Plmns: Varietal Classification of Acreage, by Major Districts, 1936 and 1956 1936 56 36 56 36 56 36 56 Although the total acreage in 1956 was equal to that of 1936, important shifts occurred in the geographical and varietal composition of the total. Acreage expanded sharply (115%) in the South San Joaquin District and declined by 30 and 60%, respectively, in the Placer and Sacramento Districts. Acreage increased by 25% for early varieties and decreased by 10% for both mid-season and late varieties. Generally acreage changes from 1936 to 1956 were similar for the three varietal groups within each district. In South San Joaquin District the proportion of total acreage consisting of early, mid-season and late varieties was about 64,20 and 16% in 1956 as it was 20 years earlier. The distribution of acreage among these varietal groups in both years was approximately 20, 38 and 42% in the Placer District and 37, 30 and 33% in the Sacramento District. Based on Table 5 supplemented by other information to give the approximate varietal distribution for the "misc. varieties" group listed in the table. 8. Figure 5 California Plums: Age Classification of Acreage, by Major Districts, 1936 and 1956. 14 12 10 =: 8 6 - South Son Joaquin District Placer District Nonbearing trees Young bearing trees 1 I I I I || Old beoring trees Sacramento District Other Counties 1936 56 36 56 36 56 36 56 Important changes in the age distribution of acreage occurred during 1936-56. Nonbearing acreage doubled--to about 22% of the total in 1956. About two-thirds of this acreage is now located in South San Joaquin District compared to 30% in 1936. The proportion of the acreage consisting of older trees (17 years or more since planting) increased substantially in the Placer District- -from 35 to 60% during the 20-year period. In this area about 10% of the 1956 acreage was planted to nonbear- ing trees, 30% to young bearing trees, and 60% to old bearing trees. For the re- mainder of the state the distribution of acreage among these age categories was approximately 25, 50 and 25%, respectively. Based on Table 5. 9. 10 ai _j < h- o H u. o I- z u ID 80 60 40 Figure 6 California Plums: Disposition of Sales, 1910-1958. Interstate Fresh 20 Intrastate Fresh I 1910-14 Pro cessed 15-19 _l 20-24 I 25-29 I 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-58 The importance of fresh sales for California plums is clearly evident. This outlet represented 91% of all sales during 1910-19 and about 96% thereafter. An average of about 2, 800 tons are processed- -somewhat less during 1930-39 and more in 1940-49. The proportion processed declined as production quad- rupled since 1910-14. Fresh sales within the state represented 10% of all fresh marketing for 1910- 24 and then increased to a level of 20% since about 1935, Based on Table 2. Figure 7 Calif or nis. Plum SI Grower Prices by Xype of Utilizcition, 1910 — 1958. 200 - - 200 100 - 100 75 - 50 - 25 - nterstate Fresh J L J L Interstate Fresh <^ Intrastate Fresh f Canned ^^^^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100 75 50 25 1910-U 20-24 30-34 40- 50-54 50 52 54 56 58 The price received by growers (portrayed in the two upper panels) average $63 for 1910-19. It de- clined sharply to $25 in 1931-33, increased gradually to $50 in 1941 and then rose rapidly to an average of $150 maintained since 1950, The lower panels indicate price relationships in the major outlets. Prices for fresh intrastate sales averaged 25 to 30% below prices received from interstate shipments during 1910-29, and 10 to 15% lower for 1930-49. The two fresh prices have fluctuated about each other since 1950. Generally the price for cannery plums was about half that for fresh sales during 1910-40, and about one-third as much since 1950. Based on Table 3, o 11. Figure 8 California Plums: Out-of-state and Intrastate Fresh Shipments, 1910-1958. to z I to »- z 111 X to 111 o: 1910-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 I- J* to 5 I- 2 UJ U a: 111 Q. 20 - 10 I 20 10 1910-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-58 Fresh sales of plums increased substantially and steadily at both local and out-of- state markets during the past 50 years. Intrastate sales increased from 2, 000 tons in 1910-14 to an average of 14,500 tons since 1940. Interstate shipments increased less rapidly, especially during the latter half of this period. As a re- sult, the proportion of fresh marketings represented by sales within the state rose from 10% of the total to 1910-24 to 20% since 1935. Based on Table 2. Figure 9 California Plums: Shift in Composition of Out-of-state Shipments, 1934-58, 1935-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-58 34-37 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-58 Since 1935-39 out-of-state shipments of the four major varieties (Beauty, Duarte, President, and Santa Rosa) expanded substantially--from 49 to 77% of the total. The decreasing varieties includes two subgroups. Four varieties (Burbank, Kelsey, Tragedy, and Wickson) declined from 25 to 10%: while eight others (Climax, Diamond, Formosa, Gaviota, Giant, Grand Duke, Gros Hungarian, and Sugar) decreased much more sharply--from 21 to 3%. The "other" varieties continued at 5% of the total until 1945-49 and then increased to 10%, This category includes niimerous minor varieties and a few which are now important shippers. Since 1934-37 interstate shipments originating in South San Joaquin increased considerably in relative importance — from 28 to 62% of the total. Shipments declined from 45 to 29% for Placer District and from 27 to 9% for other areas. Based on Tables 6 and 7. Figure 10 California Plums: Varietal Composition of Out-of-state Shipments, by District 1939-1956 to < u o 8 z lu I II- So. San Joaqirin District Plocar District Early Varieties J Midseason Varieties Lote Varieties Other Areas 1939-41 49-51 54-56 39-41 49-51 54-56 39-41 49-51 54-56 About 75% of the shipments from South San Joaqmn District are early varieties, compared to 20 and 30% from Placer District and all other areas. The remaining shipments from each district are divided approximately equally between mid-season and late varieties. The great bulk of the shipments of early plums (80%) originate in South San Joaquin District. About 60% of the mid-season and late varieties were froin Placer District during 1939-51 compared to slightly less than half for 1954-56. Shipments of mid-season and late varieties continued at about 1100 cars each throughout 1938-56, while ship- ments of early pliims increased sharply from 1400 to 2350 cars, or 38 to 52% of the total, between 1939-41 and 1954-56. Based on Table 8. Figixre 11 California Pliims: Out-of-state Shipments, by Districts, 1934-1958. _j \ I I ' I I I I I I L 1934-37 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-58 50 52 54 56 58 Substantial shifts occurred in the relative volume of plxims shipped to out-of-state markets from the different producing areas. Shipments from the South San Joaquin District increased rapidly and steadily throughout the past two decades from 960 to 2, 750 cars. The relative quajitity com- ing from this area rose from 28 to 62% of the total. Except for year-to-year fluctuations, ship- ments from Placer District continiied at about 1,600 cars during 1934-49 and 1, 300 cars since 1950. Shipments originating in all other areas declined from 940 to 400 cars, or from 27 to 9% of the total. The Vacaville eind Sacrajnento River areas which shipped 550 cars twenty years ago now accotint for less than 10 cars annually. Based on Table 6. Figure 12 California Plums: Interstate Rail Passings, by District, by Ten-day Periods 1953-1957 average. May June June June July July July Aug Aug Aug Sept Sept 21-31 1-10 11-20 21-30 1-10 11-20 21-31 1-10 11-20 21-31 l-fO 11-21 The earlier dates for shipments from South San Joaquin Valley is evident. Two-thirds of the plums from this district are shipped by June 30, compared to 10% for the remainder of the state. Placer District ships two-thirds of the pl\ims after July 20. Shipments from South San Joaqmn represent 90% of the total during May-June, 40% in July and 25% thereafter. For the state as a whole, one- quarter of the shipments are made by Jxine 20, a half during Jxme 21- July 31, and the remaining quarter after July. Based on Table 11 16. Figure 13 Plums and Fresh Prunes: Monthly Carlot Shipments, by State, 1955-58 average. 2,000 California ships 80% of its pl\ims during May, Jvme and July while marketings (of plums and fresh prunes) from other states are negligible. About 45% of the August shipments are from California, 40% from Oregon- Washington and 15% from Idaho. Thereafter supplies come primarily from Idaho although Oregon and Washing- ton still ship during September and several other states ship small amounts in certain years. Based on Table 12. Figure 14 California Pliims: Change in Size Composition of Out-of-state Shipments, Larger plums are being shipped to out-of-state markets than was the case even 10 or 15 years ago. Shipments of 4x4 and larger packs doubled from 22 to 43% of the total since 1945-49, whereas packs smaller than 5x6 declined from 29 to 10%. This shift occurred for each variety. The increase in the large packs was from 15 to 32% for eariv varieties, 28 to 50% for mid-season varieties, and 33 to 63% for late varieties. Reduction in small packs were from 31 to 12, 28 to 11 and 20 to 4% for these varietal groups, respectively. Based on Table 9. Figure 15 Grade and size minima permitted for out-of-state shipments of plums were increased considerably between 1946-48 and 1956-59. The grade tolerance was reduced from 12 to 3% below U.S. No. 1 and the minimum size was decreased from 83 to 35% of the reference size. The source tables also indicate substantial differences among varieties as to the relative minimvim levels established and the amounts of chajige since 1946. For example, the grade tolerance allowed during the entire period averaged 4 1/2% or less for four varieties (Beauty, Becky Smith, Santa Rosa, emd Sugar) and over 10% for four others (Ace, Kelsey, Late Santa Rosa and Tragedy). It was reduced sharply for two-thirds of the varieties. The minim\im size was raised appreciably for all varieties except Late Tragedy cuid Sharkey and six others for which shipments declined drastically. For the other varieties the size minimxmn was increased by 50% of a size — e.g. , from 100% to 50% 4x5 pack. Based on Tables 13 to 16. Figure 16 California Plums: "Weekly New York Auction Sales, by Varietal Groups, 1955-58 Average. 100, * 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 WEEK OF SEASON After week 8 sales of early varieties are negligible whereas sales of late varieties are not sub- stantial until week 10. About 90% of mid-season plums are marketed dxiring weeks 7-11. Thus for two periods (of two weeks each) sales consist of substantial quantities from different varietal groups Sales are almost evenly divided between early and mid-season plums during weeks 7-8 and between mid-season and late varieties during weeks 10-11. This pattern of relative weekly sales by varietal groups has prevailed for several decades. (Note: minor varieties are not included here as they represent a very small portion of sales). Based on Table 21. 20. Figure 17 California Plums: New York Auction Sales and Prices, by Varietal Groups, 1920-1958. 1920-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 46-49 50-54 55-58 Present relative prices and sales, by varietal groups, are significantly different from those prevailing 20-30 years ago. For 25 years, 1920- 44, relative prices did not vary greatly (see upper panel). Prices for mid-season varieties averaged 3% less than prices for early plums and were consistently below late plum prices--by 3%. Since 1945 the price spread has widened considerably. For 1950-58 prices averaged 8% higher for early varieties and 8% lower for late varieties relative to prices for mid-season varieties. Relative sales also changed. The proportion of sales represented by mid-season varieties declined substantially from 38% in 1920-39 to 27% for 1950-58. During this period relative sales increased from 34 to 40% for early plums and 28 to 33% for late plums. Based on Tables 22 and 23. 21. Figure 18 California Plums: New York Auction Sales and Prices, by Varieties, Averages 1925-29 to 1955-58. Bur bank Diamond & Sugar Sharkey 20 10 Da Late Duarta Hr^ nn 125 100 75 50 Kelsey President Giont, Grand DulA11 trees 1936 1956 Other counties Northern Central Southern Total Beauty Burbank Burmosa C 1 ima X Duarte Eldorado Grand Duke Kelsey President Santa Rosa Late Santa Rosa Tragedy Wickson Misc. varieties Total 60 345 190 595 14 26 3 1 3 35 7 107 26 14 359 595 50 370 101 521 1 24 0 12 0 0 1 37 245 0 1 0 200 521 202 597 683 1,482 28 25 20 14 8 144 152 484 56 33 518 1,482 48 495 639 1,182 0 2 0 74 0 0 1 68 639 0 5 1 392 1^182 76 133 171 380 1 3 1 13 5 8 39 141 2 2 165 380 14 278 215 507 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 354 0 0 0 137 507 338 1,075 1,044 2,457 43 54 24 28 16 187 198 732 84 49 1,042 2,457 112 1,143 955 2,210 1 26 0 86 0 0 2 121 1,238 0 6 1 729 2,210 source below) adjusted slightly a/ Data for 1936 are those issued in 1938 (see by rounding from 0.1 acre data. Subsequent bearing and nonbearing acreage estimates have been revised on a state basis ^ Comparison with Table 4 shows that the revisions made in bearing acreage were not large— primarily an increase (285 acres) in San Joaquin County b/ Unspecified counties grouped as follows; Other Placer District— 9 counties of crop-reporting district 6. Northern counties — 9 counties of crop-reporting district 1, 2 and 3 plus Butte, Colusa, Glenn and Tehama. Central counties— 12 counties of crop-reporting distinct 4. Southern counties— 8 counties of crop-reporting district 8. zj Bearing trees 17 or more seasons since planting. d/ Bearing trees 16 or less seasons since planting, e/ Generally 3 or less seasons since planting. f/ District acreage (of all trees), by varietal groups, can be approximated by making a breakdown for "misc, varieties" based on data for shipments and auction saleso The following estimates, made by the author, are not a responsibility of the Reporting Service. District . Early va rieties Mid-season varieties Late varieties All vai rieties 1936 1956 1936 1956 1936 1956 1936 1956 So. San Joaquin Placer Sacramento Other counties Total 4^220 2,700 2.660 i:020 9,060 1.530 1,110 4,390 1 » 380 4,420 2,460 640 2,640 3,180 780 410 930 4,540 2,200 800 2,340 3,700 1,020 410 6,530 11,660 7,320 2.460 14,040 8,410 2,910 2,210 10.600 13,090 9.900 7.010 8.470 7,470 27,970 27,570 Source: U^S.D.A., Agricultural Adjustment Administration, "California Fruit and Nut Acreage Survey, 1936," (Stat. Pub. No. l) , Washington, January 1938; California Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, "Acreage Estimates, Cali- fornia Fruit and Nut Crops, as of 1956," issued June 1957, supplemented by unpublished data (for varietal breakdown by counties) furnished by this office, July 1958„ 30 „ TABLE 6 Califojrnia Plumss Interstate Carlot Shipments, by District, 1934-1958 Year^ So, San Joaquin DistrictV Placer District^/ Other counties State total Sutter Lodi Vaca- vil le Sacto River All others Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Averages : 1934-1939 1,014 1 ,510 90 223 302 181 97 893 3,417 1940-1944 1 ,571 1 ,642 106 316 152 68 112 754 3,967 1945-1949 2,045 1 ,638 138 231 83 23 112 587 4,270 1950-1954 2,172 1,331 229 154 31 7 90 511 4,014 1955-1958 2,743 1,297 196 114 9 d/ 83 402 4,442 Annual s 1934 938 1,879 87 220 450 316 89 1,162 3,979 1935 698 1 ,026 103 203 330 158 67 861 2,585 1936 987 1 ,803 59 216 348 173 93 889 3,679 193/ 1 ,221 1 ,374 88 177 273 156 140 834 3,429 1939 1 ,226 1 ,466 112 300 108 109 94 723 3,415 1 ,270 1 ,613 110 372 194 106 83 865 3 J 748 1941 1 ,331 T "-7 /" 1 ,762 90 232 132 81 104 639 35732 194-.^ 1 ,602 1 ,491 144 279 113 55 101 692 3 J 785 1 fi yl O iy4j 1 , 737 1 ,557 125 253 123 33 97 631 3,925 1944 1 ,915 1 ,786 62 441 200 65 176 944 4,645 1V4D 1 ,845 1 ,200 100 205 106 19 103 533 3,578 194d 2,210 2,201 180 364 131 43 160 878 5,289 194 / 2,352 1 ,667 99 157 81 17 93 447 4,466 194b 1 ,461 1 ,703 134 275 63 19 123 614 3,778 1949 2,355 1 ,417 176 153 36 19 82 466 4,238 1950 1 ,998 1 ,669 228 229 41 17 102 617 4,284 1951 2,800 1 ,651 312 179 36 13 117 657 5,108 1952 1,238 1,148 130 103 25 7 56 321 2,707 1953 2,585 1,276 234 142 29 d/ 99 504 4,365 1954 2,240 913 244 115 22 74 455 3,608 1955 2,885 1,418 110 140 23 105 378 4,681 1956 3,206 1,514 321 152 9 109 591 5,311 1957 2,554 1,499 239 116 5 79 439 4,492 1958 2,328 755 115 48 39 202 3,285 a/ Information not available for 1938, Average for 1934-1939 excludes 1938 season. b/ Includes Kern, Tulare and Fresno Districts of CoT.FoAo, ioeo, Fresno, Kings, Madera and Tulare counties, and the major plum growing area of Kern County, c/ Includes Placer and Nevada counties, d/ Sacramento River and Vacaville shipments included in "Other" subsequent to 1952 and 1957, respectively. Source: California Tree Fruit Agreement, annual reports for 1941 and 1958o 31. TABLE 7 California Plums: Interstate Carlot Shipments by Variety, 1935-1958 Averaq e b/ Annual 1935- 1940- 1945- '1950- Variety 1939 1944 1949 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1 2 3 4 ' 5 6 7 8 9 cars of 1,000 packaq es Beauty 434 513 575 471 651 694 633 598 Santa Rosa / c / 646 1,104 1,394 1,447 1,648 1 ,936 1 ,397 1 ,282 Late Santa Rosa-' 73 149 202 329 235 90 Duarte / 263 502 482 463 550 612 570 338 Late Duarte"^ 151 181 135 213 209 1 10 President 232 364 337 324 407 375 367 145 Subtotal A 1,575 2,483 3,012 3,035 3,593 4,159 3,411 2,563 Burbank 169 154 ] 24 82 71 67 46 Kelsey 162 190 169 113 123 137 127 82 Tragedy / c / 188 182 122 90 81 97 72 50 Late Tragedy^ 37 78 55 ] ] 0 X X 1 07 X W / Wickson 271 238 194 126 151 1 12 X X ^ 108 6i J- Subtotal B 790 764 646 489 501 527 481 293 Climax 130 64 37 16 14 8 3 1 Diamond 69 48 37 16 16 X ^ 12 14 4 Formosa 91 65 59 33 32 26 24 17 Gaviota 89 67 53 38 49 34 30 16 X ^ Giant 110 108 102 54 29 23 26 19 X 7 Grand Duke 76 44 22 9 7 3 3 -5 Gros Hungarian 28 15 6 0 0 0 0 n Sugar 93 95 61 31 22 19 X y 1 8 1 7 X ' Subtotal C 686 506 377 197 169 125 118 X X ' 77 Ace 17 28 48 78 94 ] ] 8 X X W 61 Becky Smith 32 43 45 63 51 20 X ^ Eldorado 30 41 63 124 174 184 154 Emily 7 13 23 26 "^0 90 Satsuma 10 5 1 0 0 0 0 Sharkey 66 71 66 70 74 59 33 Standard , / 13 9 17 4 7 5 9 New varieties—' / e / 17 40 54 45 Other varieties—' 158 37 25 30 36 27 12 15 Subtotal D 158 212 235 293 418 500 482 352 Total 3,209 3,965 4,270 4.014 4,681 5.311 4,492 3,285 percentage distribution of total Subtotal A 49 a 62.6 70.6 75.6 76,8 78.3 76.0 78.0 Subtotal B 24.6 19.3 15ol 12.2 10,7 9,9 10.7 8.9 Subtotal C 21.4 12„8 8.8 4.9 3o6 2.4 2,6 2.4 Subtotal D 4,9 5.3 5.5 7.3 8„9 9.4 10,7 10.7 (Continued on next page.) 1 32. Table 7 continued. a/ Data not exactly comparable to state figures shown in other tables because of different basis of reporting. b/ Data not available for 1938— so 1935-1939 average is for four years. Rough estimates (based on auction sales and other information) made for shipments of Emily and Gros Hungarian in 1943, Ace in 1947 and 1948, and Satsuma in 1954. cj Segregated beginning with 1946 season. The 1945-1949 averages include rough estimates for 1945— based largely on ratio of "Late" to "Total" ship- ments of each variety for subsequent years. d/ Includes Burmosa, Elephant Heart, Laroda, Mariposa, Nubiana, Queen Ann and Red Heart. e/ Includes shipments for above varieties during years not shown separately. Source: California Tree Fruit Agreement, annual reports for 1946, 1954 and 1958, TABLE 8 California Plums: Varietal Composition of Out-of-State Shipments, by District,' cars of 1,000 packages, 1939-1941, 1949-1951, and 1954-1956 averagesb/ State total So. San Joaquin Dist. Placer District Other counties 1 Q3Q- 1 949- 1 9 3Q- 1 Q4Q- xy oy xy^y 1941 1951 1956 1941 1 956 1 941 1 9^11 xy ^ i. 1 Q'^6 xy^ X xy ^ X J. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 q X X 1 2 X 0 Beauty 420 480 636 242 360 ( 520 134 110 no 44 10 6 CI imax 73 25 10 23 10 5 41 15 5 9 0 0 Forraosa 66 53 25 32 28 12 17 21 12 17 4 1 Santa Rosa 904 1 ,748 1^77 659 1,444 1,418 136 137 125 109 167 134 narly (4) 1,463 2,306 2,348 956 1,842 1,955 328 283 252 179 181 141 Becky Smith 25 45 51 19 42 50 1 2 1 5 1 0 Burbank 151 97 75 2 0 0 133 94 73 16 3 2 Diamond 44 21 12 4 0 0 25 17 11 15 4 1 Duarte 489 536 474 16 132 155 423 359 281 50 45 38 Eldorado 30 59 118 19 44 93 3 7 16 8 8 9 Gaviota 78 43 36 6 3 1 68 40 35 4 0 0 Sugar 78 38 21 3 0 0 5 3 1 70 35 20 Tragedy 182 108 82 42 32 26 13 10 6 127 66 50 Wick son 264 156 118 119 76 69 121 73 46 24 7 3 Mid-season (.9; 1 ,341 1,103 987 230 329 394 792 605 470 319 169 123 Ace / O 2. 1 1 1 1 37 64 3 3 Emi 1 y 17 28 0 3 13 16 4 G y Giant 100 58 32 0 0 74 50 30 26 8 2 Grand Duke 46 11 5 3 1 2 23 7 2 20 3 1 X Kelsey 200 132 123 51 46 55 114 80 66 35 6 2 Late Duarte 200 145 7 4 174 127 19 14 Late So Rosa 131 263 46 197 47 40 38 26 Late Tragedy 64 85 0 0 9 10 55 75 President 305 354 323 23 84 117 159 186 134 123 84 72 Sharkey 60 75 60 0 0 58 74 59 2 1 1 Late (10) 711 1,084 1,142 77 186 389 428 677 548 206 221 205 Others 117 49 56 14 27 39 67 13 12 36 9 5 All 3,632 4,542 4,533 1,277 2,384 2,777 1,615 1,578 1,282 740 580 474 (Continued on next page.) Table 8 continued. a/ South San Joaquin and Placer Districts include the areas indicated on Table 6, b/ For 1939-1941 approximations, which have negligible effect on averages, were made for some varieties., Zeros include, in some cases, shipments averaging less than 0.5 car. c/ In 1939-1941 shipments of Late Duarte, Late Santa Rosa and Late Tragedy were not segregated and shipments of Ace and Emily included with "Others," Source: Based on data from California Tree Fruit Agreement, annual reports for 1941, 1944, 1949-1951 and 1954-1956. 9 TABLE 9 California Plumsi Size Composition of Out-of-State Shipments, by Variety, ciate pack only, 1945-1949 and 1955-1958 averages a/ Size uesigna— 1945- 1955- 1945- 1955- 1945- 1955- 1945- 1955- tion b/ 1949 1958 Change 1949 1958 Change 1949 1958 Change 1949 1958 Change l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 All varieties Early varieties-^ c/ Mid-season varieties-^ Late varieties-^ 4x4 22.4 43.2 20.8 15.1 32.1 17,0 28.0 50,5 22.5 32.8 62.6 29.8 3x4x5 7.7 10.5 2.8 3.9 8,2 4,3 10.7 13,7 3.0 13.1 12.2 - 0,9 4x5 40.8 36,4 - 4.4 49,7 47.9 - 1.8 33.3 24,9 - 8.4 34.2 20.9 -13.3 4x5x5 0.6 0.3 - 0.3 0.5 0,3 - 0.2 0.7 0,3 - 0o4 0.7 0.3 - 0.4 5x5 25.4 8.5 -l6o9 30.7 11.5 -19.2 19.0 6.8 -12.2 16.7 3.2 -13.5 OXD 2.7 1.0 - 1.7 0.1 0 - 0.1 7,3 3.6 - 3,7 2.2 0.7 - 1.5 6x6 0.4 0.1 - 0.3 0 0 1.0 0.2 - 0.8 0.3 0.1 - 0.2 Beauty Climax Formosa Santa Rosa 4x4 2.2 7.2 5.0 25,7 39.9 14,2 44.9 59.6 14.7 18.8 41.9 23.1 3x4x5 2.1 6.3 4,2 11,3 17,4 6,1 9.7 10,0 0,3 4.2 8.9 4.7 4x5 35.8 51,6 15.8 60.5 42,7 -17.8 44.7 30.4 -14.3 55.2 46.7 - 8.5 4x5x5 1.1 0.9 - C.2 1.0 0 1.0 0.1 0 - 0.1 0.2 0 - 0.2 5x5 58.5 34.0 -24,5 1.5 0 - 1,5 0,6 0 - 0,6 21.6 2.5 -19.1 5x6 0.3 0 - C.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6x6 Becky Smith Burba nk Duarte Eldorado 4x4 65.1 89.3 24.2 28.5 51,7 23.2 15,3 39,5 24.2 48.2 75.4 27.2 3x4x5 3.2 2.1 - 1.1 21.6 20,8 - 0.8 13,6 20,2 6.6 9.7 6.7 - 3.0 4x5 29.2 8.6 -20.6 47.4 27.5 -19.9 46,0 35.9 -10.1 35.2 17.9 -17.3 4x5x5 0 0 0.2 0 - 0.2 0.7 0.2 - 0.5 0.1 0 - 0.1 5x5 2.4 0 - 2.4 2.2 0 - 2,2 24,4 4.2 -20.2 6.7 0 - 6.7 5x6 0.1 0 - 0.1 0.1 0 - 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 - 0.1 6x6 0 0 (Continued on next page.) Table 9 continued. 1945- 1955- 1945- 1955- 1945- 1955- 1945- 1955- +■ T on H / U X 0 1 1 / 1949 1958 Change 1949 1958 Change 1949 1958 Change 1949 1958 Change 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Diamond Gaviota Sugar Tragedy 4x4 0.8 4„4 3,6 54,9 68.6 13„7 1,5 0.5 - 1,0 1 ° ■ 0 3x4x5 2.4 13.1 10,7 17,1 16,0 - 1,1 0,2 0,9 0,7 0 0 4x5 24o4 43,5 19a 27,4 15,4 -12,0 23,2 17,9 - 5,3 0.2 0,5 0,3 4x5x5 3,6 0,4. 0,2 0 - 0,2 5,0 6.4 1,4 0 0,4 0.4 5x5 61„6 35.4 -26.2' 0.4 0 51,6 65.4 29,8 45,2 15.4 5x6 7.2 0 - 7,2 0 n 17,9 8,9 — Q n 60.9 51,5 ! - 9,4 6x6 0o4 0 - 0,4 0 n 0,6 0 _ n A — U , D 9,r 2,4 ! - 6,7 Wickson d/ Ace^ Emily Giant 4x4 76„3 97,7 21,4 82,9 27.2 51,3 24,1 • 4,0 16 J. 12,1 3x4x5 7,2 1.1 - 6,1 BU 11,3 12,8 1,5 4,5 14.1 9,6 4x5 16,0 lo2 -14,8 9,0 33 ,'8 26,5 - 7,3 38,2 41.2 3,0 4x5x5 Ool 0 - 0,1 0 0,8 0,2 - 0,6 1,7 2,0 0,3 5x5 0,4 0 - 0,4 0 23„8 9,2 -14, D 47,1 26,6 -20,5 5x6 0 0 0 3,0 0 _ T n — O o u 4,3 0 - 4,3 6x6 0 0 0,1 0 _ n 1 — u , i 0,2 0 - 0,2 G rand Duke Celsey Late Duarte Late Santa ■tosa 4x4 3,9 6,5 2,6 78,1 99,8 21,7 21,2 48,1 26,9 37,6 69,0 31,4 3x4x5 5.3 11,6 6,3 6.0 0,1 - 5,9 20,5 23,7 3 c. 2 12.1 7,1 - 5,0 4x5 47o2 44,3 - 2,9 15,0 Ool -14,9 41,2 26,1 -15,1 38.9 23,5 -15.4 4x5x5 1,7 7,0 5,3 0,2 0 - 0,2 0.8 Ool - 0,7 0.4 •0,1 - 0,3 5x5 . 40,0 30,5 - 9,5 0.7 0 - 0,7 16,3 2,0 -14.3 11,0 0,3 -10,7 DXO 1=9 0,1 - 1,8 0 0 0 0 0 0 /■ / oxo La te Iraq edy ^resident Shark ev Standard 4x4 0»4 0,2 - 0,2 27,1 61,6 34,5 60,8 79,3 18,5 1,4 23.0 21,6 3x4x5 0 0»2 0.2 16,0 13,9 - 2.1 18.9 11.7 - 7.2 1,1 2,1 1.0 4x5 2,7 4,6 1,9 41.9 24,1 -17,8 19,1 9,0 -10.1 8,3. 22,4 14,1 4x5x5 0,3 7,9 7,6 0,7 0 -^0.7 0.1 0 - 0,1 0,5 1,5 1,0 5x5 50,5 58,1 7,6 14,0 0,4 -1^,6 1,1 0 - 1,1 38.1 33,3 - 4.8 5x6 40,8 27,4 -13.4 0.3 0 - 0.3 0 0 39.1 15,6 -23.5 6x6 5.3 1,6 - 3.7 0 0 11,5 2.1 - 9,4 (Continued on next page.) Table 9 continued. _a/ The figures shown in the table are percentages of variety shipments represented by different size packs. All amounts of less than 0.05 percent are designated by "0", The 1945-1949 average refers to 1946-1949 for Duarte, Late Duarte, Santa Rosa, Late Santa Rosa, Tragedy and Late Tragedy. b/ Size 4x4 includes larger packs and 6x6 includes smaller packs. c/ Early varieties include Beauty, Climax, Formosa and Santa Rosa. Mid-season varieties include Becky Smith, Burbank, Diamond, Duarte, Eldorado, Gaviota, Sugar, Tragedy and Wicksono Late varieties include Ace, Emily, Giant, Grand Duke, Kelsey, Late Duarte, Late Santa Rosa, Late Tragedy, President, Sharkey and Standard. d/ Data not available for Ace during 1945-1949. Source: Based on data from California Tree Fruit Agreement, annual reports for years shown. TA^LE 10 38. California Plums; Out-of-State Shipments, by County per Crate and Type of Container, 1945-1949 and 1955-1958 averages a/ Variety Plums per crate SJ 1945- 1949 1955- 1958 Crate pack 1945- 1949 1955- 1958 Lug pack- c/ 1945- 1955- 1958 Other packs 1945- 1949 1Q55- 1958 1 8 Early Midseason Late All Beauty Climax Formosa Santa Rosa Becky Smj.th Burbank Diamond Duarte Eldorado Gaviota Sugar Tragedy Wickson Ace Emily Giant Grand Duke Kelsey Late Duarte Late Santa Rosa Late Tragedy President Sharkey Standard 233 230 218 230 256 211 201 226 194 207 268 228 203 195 276 328 186 226 254 246 186 219 210 309 216 192 311 213 205 194 207 239 201 193 204 181 195 240 203 186 188 273 314 177 183 202 229 238 176 197 190 294 192 184 254 99.3 97.8 92.4 96.8 99.3 99.6 99,1 99.3 98.4 98.9 96.1 99.5 99.9 95.3 98.4 96.0 94.0 92.0 94.8 96.2 79.3 99.1 98,9 71.9 95.0 96.1 86.0 98.4 97.3 84,7 94.2 98.2 99.7 86.3 98.6 98.9 99.7 100.0 99,3 98.7 95.2 98.4 90.1 88,6 67.0 84,2 99.0 97,0 55.4 99.1 98.3 29.2 94.5 98.1 69.7 0.4 0.9 3.7 1.6 0.6 0,1 0,3 0.3 i.3 0,8 3,4 0,2 0 0.9 1.4 3.» 0,8 1,5 4,4 3.2 4.3 0.6 0.2 24.7 3,6 0.6 9.4 0.4 1.0 8,2 2.9 0,2 0 10.2 0.3 1.1 0 0 0.3 0.1 0 1.6 8.4 2,0 9,3 ^.2 0.8 3.0 7.8 0.4 1.4 70.7 3.0 0.1 29.9 0.3 1.3 3.9 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 3.8 0.2 0.5 5.2 6.5 0.8 0.6 16.4 0.3 0,9 3.4 1,4 3.3 4.6 1.2 1.7 7.1 2.9 1.6 0.3 3.5 1.1 0 0.3 0 0.4 1.2 4.8 0 1.5 9.4 23.7 9.6 0.2 0 36.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 2.5 1.8 0.4 ^7 All amounts of less than 0.05 percent are designated by "0". The 1945- 1949 average refers to 1946-1949 for Duarte, Late Duarte, Santa Rosa, late Santa Rosa, Tragedy. and Late Tragedy. Data not available for Ace during 1945-1949. _b/ The average count per crate is derived by multiplying the percentage distribution given in Table 9 by^the number of plums contained in standard packs, as follows: Size 4x4 3x4x5 4x5 4x5x5 5x5 5x6 6x6 Number 176 204 224 260 280 340 408 Note that the result overstates the plum count for varieties (especially Ace, Becky Smith, Emily, Gaviota, Kolsey and Wickson in recent years) shipped in substantial amounts in packs larger than 4x4 and understates the count for varietios (particularly Standard, Tragedy and Late Tragedy in earlier years) shipped in considerable volume in packs smaller than 6x6. £/ Percentage distribution of pack in all type of containers. The "other packs," shown in cols. (8) and («)), include mostly boxes for r,-45-1049 but substantial percentages in cartons for some varieties during 1955-1958. Source: Based on data from California 'Tree Fruit Aareement, annual re;ports. TABLE 11 a/ California Plums: Interstate Rail Passings, by District,-^ by Ten-day Periods, 1933-1937 and 1953-1957 averages Period State total So. San Joaquin District Placer District Other counties 1933-1937 1953-1957 1933-1937 1953-1957 1933-1937 1953-1957 1933-1937 1953-1957 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 May 11-20 34 23 6 5 162 74 81 74 44 <^ "-» 37 June 1-10 300 341 176 334 70 6 54 1 11-20 49 D 49 o 194 417 188 78 114 3 21-30 c o 552 566 222 490 212 55 i lo 21 July 1-10 468 408 108 230 226 104 134 74 11-20 c;. o o 85 188 298 176 150 85 21-31 404 477 40 1 20 132 94 Aug. 1-10 258 359 22 100 152 202 84 57 11-20 188 283 21 73 112 166 55 44 21-31 96 150 13 29 57 105 26 16 Sept. 1-10 29 61 4 11 15 49 10 1 11-20 11 31 4 10 27 1 21-30 3 4 1 3 3 Oct. 1-10 1 1 Total 3,535 3,701 989 2,071 1,626 1,234 920 396 a/ Counties included in the different districts are listed in Table 5. Source: Based on data from California Federal-State Market News Service, "Interstate Shipments of Cali- fornia Deciduous Tree Fruits," annual reports 1953-1957, supplemented by unpublished data (for 1933- 1937) available in the files of S. W, Shear (Giannini Foundation). TABLE 12 Plums and Fresh Prunes: Monthly Carlot Shipments,'^ by State of Origin, 1950-1958 State May June July Aug. Sept . Oct. Total i 2 3 4 5 /■ o 7 o 8 iVDu— averaqe Texas 22 1 23 Washington 16 339 161 516 Oregon 378 101 479 Idaho 1 73 1,098 14 1,186 Other 4 17 2 23 Subtotal 22 1 17 794 1,377 16 2,227 Cali.i'OTnia i:.o 1 ,517 1 ,328 730 86 1 3,742 Total 102 1,518 1,345 1,524 1,463 17 5,969 Texas 24 1 25 Washington 2 557 141 3 703 Oregon 2 90 177 269 Idaho 228 1,168 55 1,451 Other 2 10 12 Subtotal 24 1 4 877 1,496 58 2,460 California 96 1,380 1,401 707 82 0 3,666 Total 120 1,381 1,405 1,584 1,576 58 6,126 a/ Includes boat shipments and government purchases reduced to carlot equivalents but excludes truck shipments. Source: U.S.D.A., Agricultural Marketing Service (and predecessor agencies), "Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments, by Commodities, States and Months," annual issues for 1950-1958, 41, TABLE 13 a/ California Plums: Minimum Grades-^ Permitted Under Federal Marketing Agreement, 1937-1949 V cl X X c Ly 1937 1939 1941 1942 1946 1947 1948^ 1 QAQ percentaq e to 1 G ranee below U. S. Mo. 1 Grade £/ Beauty 5 none none none 15 10 10 10 none Santa Rosa 10 none none 15 10 10 10 none Formosa 15 5 5 5 15 10 10 10 10 Climax 15 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 10 Tragedy 15 10 10 none 25 25 25 25 25 Wickson 10 none none none 15 10 10 10 10 Burbank 10 none none 20 20 10 10 10 none Gaviota 10 none none none 15 10 10 10 none Duarte 10 none none 20 15 10 10 10 none Sugar 10 5 5 10 15 10 10 10 ' none Diamond 15 none none none 15 10 . 10 10 none Kelsey 15 10 15 35^/ 25 25 25 (25) 25 President 15 5 5 25 15 none 10 (10) 10 Late Tragedy 10 10 25 Late banta Rosa 10 20 25 20 25 25 15 Late Duarte 10 (10) 10 Grand Duke 15 5 25 15 15 10 (10) none Giant 15 5 5 25 15 15 10 (15) none uros nungarian iU 15 15 Eldorado 5 none none 15 10 10 10 none Becky Smith none none none 15 10 10 10 none Ace 15 15 15 10 10 none Sharkey 10 none 15 15 15 10 10 10 Other ^ / Average-^ 5 5 5 15 10 10 10 none 12,33 4,25 4.25 11.14 16,59 12.62 12,17 12,39 6.52 17 If minimum grade regulations were changed after shipments began, the minima shown are those relating to the bulk of shipments of each variety. In 1943 and 1944 minimum grades were specified by War Food Order 55, The minimum grade in 1945 was "U.S. Combination Grade" for all varieties except Tragedy, This regulation was terminated on July 21, 1945. Orders also revoked on August 1 in 1946 and August 8 in 1948. b/ Figures in parenthesis are recommendations made for approval of U.S.DoA, at time all orders were ended (August 8, 1948). cj The general tolerance is for defects not considered serious; "none" means U.S. No. 1 Grade or better. An additional tolerance for hail damage was permitted: up to l/8 inch in depth in 1940 and up to l/S inch in depth and 3/8 inch in aggregate in 1941, 1942 and 1947. d/ No tolerance (below U„S, No. l) was allowed during May 15-25, The tolerance was 15 percent during May 26- June 10 and 15 percent after June 11 (when hail tolerance provisions were added) on 4x5 and larger sizes. e/ The tolerance was 25 percent until August 2 and 35 percent thereafter„ f/ Simple average of tolerances listed above. Source: California Tree Fruit Agreement, annual reports for 1937-1949, 42o TABLE 14 a/ California Plums: Minimum Grades—' Permitted Under Federal Marketing Agreement, 1950-1959 Variety 1950^ 1951 1952^ 1953 1 1QS4^ 1 iyD4~ 1955 1956 1957 1 958^' 1959 percentage tolerance □eiow u S. No. 1 Grade c/ Beauty none none 10 10 none iU none none none none Santa Rosa n n n p 10 none none 10 none none none none Formosa none none 10 10 none 10 none none none none C 1 ima X 10 10 10 10 none 15 5 5 10 none Tragedy 15 15 10 lU 10 iU iU iU 10 iU Wick son 10 iU lU lU 10 iU D D 5 none Burbank lU none IV iU 10 iU none none none none Gavlota none none iu iU 10 iU none none none none Duarte 10 none 10 10 10 10 none none 10 none Sugar none none 10 none 10 10 none none none none Diamond none none 10 10 10 10 none none none none Kelsey io io iD iD 10 i u iu iU 10 1 n iU President iU iU iD i u 10 none none non e none none Late Tragedy 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Late Santa Rosa 15 15 15 15 15 15 none 10 10 10 Late Duarte 10 10 15 10 10 none none none none none ^ 1'^ Til 1 L' ^ ordnu uuKe none none 10 10 none none none 10 none Giant none none 15 10 10 none none none none none Eldorado none none lU lU 10 iU iU iU 10 iU Becky Smith none none none none 10 10 none none none none Ace iD iD iD iD 10 1 n iU none 1 n iU 10 1 n iU Sharkey 10 10 10 10 10 10 none none none none Emily 10 10 10 10 10 none none none none Mariposa 10 10 none 10 10 10 Elephant Heart 10 10 none 10 10 10 Burmosa none none none none Queen Ann none 10 10 10 Laroda none none none none Other ^ / Average-^ 10 none none 10 ' 10 15 none none 10 none 6.52 5,42 10,42 9.38 ■'8.65 9.04 1,72 3o45 4 o66 3,10 a/ If minimum grade regulations were changed after shipments began, the minima shov^ are those relating to the bulk of shipments of each variety. Minimum grades were higher initially (i.e., subsequently lowered to the figures shown) as follows: "none" for Wickson, Burbank, Duarte and Other until July 19 in 1950; "none" for Burbank and Gaviota until July 10 in 1952; "none" for Duarte until July 3 and "10%" for Kelsey until July 22 in 1953. b/ Minimum standards became effective for Kelsey, President, Giant and Late Duarte on August 27 for 1950 and for Kelsey, President and Late Duarte on August 30 for 1958, Orders on the four early varieties (Beauty, Santa Rosa, Formosa and Climax) were revoked effective June 29 for 1952, Minimum standards for all plums except the four early varieties become effective on June 30 for 1952 and August 8 for 1954, c/ The general tolerance is for defects not considered serious; "none" means U-,So No. 1 Grade or better. An additional tolerance of 10 percent for "hail damage not considered serious" vJ\y 11951 1 1952 1 1953 1 1954 1955 f X v^u 1957 \ ] L958 1959 percentage tolerance below U. S. fJn 1 n U . X 5rade Beauty none none none* 10 none 10 5* none r lone none Santa Rosa none none none* 10* none 10 none none r lone none Formosa none none none* 10 none 10 none none r Tone none Climax 10 10 10 10 none 15 5 10* 10 none Tragedy 15 15 none* 15* none* 10 none* 10 5* 5* Wickson none* none* none* 10 none* 10 5 5 r lone* none Burbank none* none none* 10 none* 10 none none r lone none Gaviota none none none* none* none* 10 none none r lone none Duarte none* none none* none* none* 10 none none r lone* none Sugar none none none* none none* 10 none y. )( ** none lyXdlllUIlU none none none* 10 none* 10 none ** Kelsey 15 15 15 15 none* 10 none* ** President none* none* Late Tragedy 10 10 10 10 none* 10 none* 10 5* 5* 15 15 15 none* 10* none none* r lone* none* Late Duarte ■)Hf 10 ** ** ** Standard 15 15 15 none 10 none Eldorado none none none* 10 none* 10 none* 10 5* 5* Becky Smith none none none none none* 10 none none r lone none Ace 15 15 15 15 none* 10 none A A none* 3 T V a\r oi Id X IS. tr y 10 10 10 none* 10 r> r\ Q ** Burmosa ** none r lone none Mariposa ** ** none* Elephant Heart none* Queen Ann ** none* Laroda ** none Nubiana f none Unspecified none* none none none* none* 10* none none r 10 ne* none Average h/ 4.74 5.25 4.29 8.41 0.00 10.25 0.75 3.00 1 .67 0.68 A different minimum grade was established under the federal marketing agree- ment. See Table 14 for federal orders. ** A separate minimum grade was established under the federal marketing agreement for this variety, whereas under the state order this variety has the minimum set for "unspecified." a/ The general tolerance is for defects not considered serious; "none" means U.S. No. 1 grade or better. h/ Simple average of tolerances listed above. Source: California Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Markets, "Plum Regulations," (establishing minimum grade, size, maturity, and pack regulations for fresh consumption within the state), issued periodically for 1950-1959 seasons. TABLE 15 a/ California Plums: Minimum Sizes-' Permitted Under Federal Marketing Agreement, 1936-1949 V Pi T 1 P+V V cj jp. X ^ v> y 1936 1937 1939 1940 1941 1942 1 n ^ 1946 1947 1948^ 1949 Beauty 10% 5x6 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 Santa Rosa 50% 5x5 25% 5x5 25% 5x5 25% 5x5 25% 5x5 40% 5x5 5x5 33% 5x5 25% 5x5 5x5 20% 5x5 Formosa 4x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 ^ A— ^ \j 1 /o HXO 4x5 4XD Climax 4x5 4x5 4x5 75% 4x5 4x5 A Vi^ 4x5 Ha J HX3 4x5 4XD Tragedy 5x6 20% 6x6 5x6 5x6 10% 6x6 6x6 6x6 U AO OaD 6x6 DXO Wickson 25% 4x5 4x5 25% 4x5 25% 4x5 10% 4x5 20% 4x5 " A^ 4x5 H A^ Aw^ 4x5 10% 4X3 Burbank 4x5 10% 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 ^ A ^ 4x5 Ha^ mXD 4x5 4X3 Gaviota 4x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 ^ A»^ *-r A^ 4x5 '+XO 'IXD 4x5 4XD Duarte 5x5 5x5 5x5 50% 5x5 35% 5x5 5x5 5x5 50% 5x5 5x5 5x5 20% 5x5 Sugar 10% 5x6 50% 5x6 25% 5x6 20% 5x6 20% 5x6 50% 5x6 5x6 25% 5x6 25% 5x6 25% 5x6 25% 5x6 Diamond 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 67% 5x5 3X3 5x5 5x5 Kelsey 25% 4x5 4x5 25% 4x5 4x4 4x5 ^ A^ 20% £.0/0 'tX J (4x5) 10% 4XD President 10% 5x5 5x5 5x5 10% 5x5 5x5 40% 5x5 50% 5x5 (5x5) 10% 5x5 Late Tragedy 15% 6x6 5x6 5x6 Late Santa Ro^a 5x5 5x5 5x5 DXD 5x5 5x5 5x5 20% 5x5 Late Duarte 25% 5x5 V DXD ; 20% 5x5 Grand Duke 5x5 5x5 5x5 35% 5x5 5x5 40% 5x5 50% 5x5 50% 5x5 (5x5) 5x5 Giant 50% 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 (5x5) 5x5 Gros Hungarian 4x5 5x5 50% 5x5 Eldorado 20% 5x5 20% 5x5 20% 5x5 5x5 25% 5x5 25% 5x5 5x5 10% 5x5 Becky Smith 10% 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 20% 4x5 Ace 10% 4x5 4x5 4x5 50% 4x5 50% 4x5 Sharkey 4x5 10% 5x5 10% 5x5 25% 5x5 10% 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 Average size^ 60,3 87 oO 78,3 61.6 71,8 81 .2 115,3 76,0 96.4 53.7 (Continued on next page.) Table 15 continuedo a/ If minimum size regulations were changed after shipments began, the minima shown are those relating to the bulk of shipments of each variety. The major changes may be indicated by the following comments. Size regulations were lower (i.e., subsequently raised to figures shown) early in the season for Wickson in 1936 and for Santa Rosa and Tragedy in 1937. They were higher (initially) for Santa Rosa, Sugar and President in 1936, and for Duarte, Grand Duke and Sharkey in 1940, Regulations were relaxed to 20% 5x5 for Burbank during July 3-7, 1940 (when shipments of this variety were heavy). Substantial shipments were made under stricter regulations for Kelsey, President and Grand Duke in 1941 and for Santa Rosa, Tragedy, Wickson and Duarte ih 1942, Regulations were higher during early season for Santa Rosa in 1945, for Tragedy and Duarte in 1946, for Santa Rosa, Formosa, Wickson, Burbank, Gaviota, Duarte and Eldorado in 1947, and for Santa Rosa, Late Santa Rosa, Late Tragedy, Burbank, Gaviota and Sharkey in 1949. All regulations were terminated on July 21, 1945, August 1, 1946, and August 8, 1948 (just as late varieties were beginning to be shipped in large volume, i.e., after almost all early plums and the bulk of midseason varieties were shipped). b/ Figures in parentheses are recommendations made for approval of U.S. Department of Agriculture at the time all orders were ended (August 8, 1948), c/ For this computation of the average minimum size a reference size was selected for each varieties: 6x6 for Tragedy and Late Tragedy; 5x6 for Sugar; 5x5 for Beauty, Santa Rosa, Duarte, Diamond, President, Late Santa Rosa, Late Duarte, Grand Duke, Giant and Gros Hungarian; and 4x5 for Formosa, Climax, Wick- son, Burbank, Gaviota, Kelsey, Eldorado, Becky Smith, Ace and Sharkey. The annual size minimum was expressed as a percent of this reference size. If, as was true in a few cases, 'the minimum in a parti- cular season was set at a size smaller than the reference size, the percentage was increased by 100. Thus, the minima established for Becky Smith in 1939, 1940, 1952 and 1953 ( 10^ 5x5, 4x5, 50% 4x5 and 4x4) were represented by 110, 100, 50 and 0, respectively, with respect to the 4x5 reference size. These annual varietal figures were averaged to give the index of the average minimum size. Source: Based on information from California Tree Fruit Agreement, annual reports for 1937-1949. ) TABLE 16 California Plums: Minimum Sizes-^ Permitted Under Federal Marketing Agreement, 1950-1959 57 Variety 195' 1951 195 5/ 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 195 1959' IT Beauty Santa Rosa Formosa Climax Tragedy Wickson Burbank Gaviota Duarte Sugar Diamond Kelsey President Late Tragedy Late Santa Rosa Late Duarte Grand Duke Giant Eldorado Becky Smith Ace Sharkey Emily Mariposa Elephant Heart Burmosa Queen Ann Laroda Nubianna ^, Average size-^ 5x5 25^ 5x5 4x5 4x5 5x6 10;^ 4x5 4x5 tl% 4x5 33^ 5x5 33% 5x6 5x5 25% 4x5 20% 5x5 5x6 25% 5x5 33% 5x5 5x5 5x5 4x5 20% 4x5 50% 4x5 4x5 5x5 25% 5x5 4x5 4x5 10% 6x6 10% 4x5 4x5 67% 4x5 25% 5x5 25% 5x6 5x5 10% 4x5 20% 5x5 5x6 25% 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 25% 10% 10% 5x5 4x5 50% 4x5 4x5 20% 5x5 5x5 33% 5x5 4x5 4x5 20% 6x6 25% 4x5 4x5 4x5 20% 5x5 25% 5x6 5x5 25% 4x5 5x5 20% 6x6 5x5 5x5 5x5 5x5 10% 5x5 50% 4x5 50% 4x5 4x5 25% 5x5 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 5x6 4x4 4x5 67% 4x5 4x5 5x5 5x5 10% 4x5 17% 5x5 5x6 10% 5x5 17% 5x5 5x5 5x5 4x5 4x4 25% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x5 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 10?^ 6x6 5% 4x5 4x5 67% 4x5 17% 5x5 10% 5x6 5x5 10% 4x5 25% 5x5 10% 6x6 17% 5x5 25% 5x5 5x5 5x5 4x5 10% 4x5 25% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x5 25% 4x5 25% 4x5 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 25% 6x6 17% 4x5 4x5 4x5 17% 5x5 20% 5x6 5x5 4x4 4x5 10% 6x6 4x5 4x5 5x5 5x5 4x5 25% 4x5 4x5 4x5 5x5 4x5 4x5 50% 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 5x6 4x4 50% 4x5 50% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x6 5x5 4x4 4x5 5x6 4x5 4x5 5x5 5x5 50% 4x5 10% 4x5 20% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x5 20% 4x5 20% 4x5 50% 5x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 5x6 4x4 50% 4x5 50% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x6 5x5 4x4 4x5 5x6 4x5 4x5 5x5 50% 4x5 10% 4x5 20% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x5 20% 4x5 20% 4x5 4x5 10% 4x5 25% 4x5 56„4 53c.6 69.7 45.9 49o6 57<.l 37o0 35.1 50% 5x5 17% 5x5 4x5 4x5 5x6 4x4 50% 4x5 50% 4x5 4x5 10% 5x6 5x5 4x4 25% 5x5 6x6 25% 5x5 25% 5x5 5x5 50% 4x5 10% 4x5 20% 4x5 4x5 25% 5x5 20% 4x5 20% 4x5 4x5 4x5 4x5 43o5 33% 5x5 4x5 4x5 5x6 4x4 3x4x5 3x4x5 4x5 5x5 5x5 4x4 4x5 5x6 4x5 4x5 5x5 25% 4x5 25% 4x5 4x4 4x5 10% 5x5 4x4 4x4 4x5 25% 4x5 4x5 2 5% 4x5 23o5 (Continued on next page.) Table 16 continuedo a/ If minimum size regulations were changed after shipments began, the minima shown are those relating to the bulk of shipments of each variety. The major changes may be indicated by the following comments. Regula- tions were lower (i.eo, subsequently raised to the figures shown) on early season shipments of Kelsey and Late Santa Rosa in 1955. They viexe higher (initially and then lowered) on early shipments of Wickson, Gaviota and Duarte in 1950; Tragedy, Wickson, Gaviota and Duarte in 1952; Wickson, Becky Smith, Late Santa Rosa and President in 1953; and Duarte in 1958. b/ Minimum standards became effective for Kelsey, President, Giant and Late Duarte on August 27 for 1950 and for Kelsey, President and Late Duarte on August 30 for 1958, Orders on the four early varieties (Beauty, Santa Rosa, Formosa and Climax) were revoked effective June 29 for 1952. Minimum standards for all plums except the four early varieties became effective on June 30 for 1952 and August 8 for 1954. c/ Split-size orders were adopted during 1959 for six varieties as follows: Beauty — 2/3% packages 4x5 and larger, l/3 may be 5x5 Eldorado~75% packages 3x4x5 and larger, 25% may be 4x5 Becky Smith— 75% packages 4x4 and larger, 25% may be 4x5 Emily — 90% packages 4x5 and larger, 10% may be 5x5 Queen Ann— 75% packages 4x4 and larger, 25% may be 4x5 Nubianna— 75% packages 4x4 and larger, 25% may be 4x5 The "make-up" provision for undershipments of small sizes was more restrictive than that in effect during previous seasons,, d/ For this computation of the average minimum size a reference size was selected for each varieties: 6x6 for Tragedy and Late Tragedy; 5x6 for Sugar; 5x5 for Beauty, Santa Rosa, Duarte, Diamond, President, Late Santa Rosa, Late Duarte, Grand Duke, Giant and Gros Hungarian; and 4x5 for Formosa, Climax, Wickson, Burbank, Gaviota, Kelsey, Eldorado, Becky Smith, Ace and Sharkey. The annual size minimum was expressed as a percent of this reference size. If, as was true in a few cases, the minimum in a particular season was set at a size smaller than the reference size, the percentage was increased by 100. Thus, the minima established for Becky Smith in 1939, 1940, 1952 and 1953 (10% 5x5, 4x5, 50% 4x5 and 4x4) were represented by 110, 100, 50 and 0, respectively, with respect to the 4x5 reference size. These annual varietal figures were averaged to give the index of the average minimum size. Source: California Tree Fruit .Agreement, annual reports for 1949-1958, and "Plum Bulletins," Nov. 1-4 for 1959. 48. TABLE 17 California Plums: Auction Sales and Prices at Eastern Markets, 1935-1958 Auction Sales Auction price % at Year and New Phila- Others All New New All type of pack York Chicago delphia a/ markets York York markets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1,0 DC packages % $ per pkQo In crates 1935-1939 878 293 224 612 2,007 43,7 1 49 1,46 1940-1944 / 987 326 273 617 2,203 44.8 2. 56 2,51 1946-1949-^ 1,129 371 310 648 2,458 45.9 3. 27 3,23 1950-1954 934 348 260 557 2,099 44 4. 31 4,29 1955-1958 902 256 449 47.6 4. 9Q 4 9"^ 1945 285 38 47 134 504 56.5 O 0 43 3o41 1946 1,268 410 358 784 2,820 45.0 3. 05 3,00 1947 1,031 308 256 529 2,124 48„6 3„ 65 3,61 1948 1 HQ 3 46 5 3, HO 1949 1,124 376 330 709 2,539 44,3 2o 91 2,87 1950 1,157 382 308 638 2,485 46,6 4. 05 4„02 1951 1,176 444 335 764 2,719 43,3 36 3,28 1952 668 289 169 349 1,475 5, 44 5c44 1953 920 350 275 580 2,125 43o3 4. 04 4.04 1954 749 275 210 459 1 ,693 44.3 4o 68 4c65 1955 1,103 370 290 576 2,339 47.2 3„ 94 3,97 1956 1,024 347 294 566 2,231 45.9 3. 50 3o55 1957 821 279 246 384 1,730 47„5 4. B2 4.76 1958 661 181 194 243 1,279 51 .7 4, 31 4,73 c/ In other containers—^ 1935-1939 142 17 18 40 217 65.7 1, 16 1,13 1940-1944 / 141 19 20 43 223 63,4 2,06 2o08 1946-1949^ 76 10 10 22 118 64.1 2.49 2,52 1950-1954 92 14 12 21 139 66,0 3.24 3,36 1955-1958 124 17 18 22 181 68.7 3,31 3o27 ay The other auctions include Boston, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Pittsburg and St. Louis plus Minneapolis and St, Paul until 1944 and Baltimore until 1956, Reports for Cleveland and Detroit were discontinued from July 10, 1943 to June 30, 1944. b/ Average excludes 1945 season because of abnormally light sales at auction markets during price control. zj' Mostly in box^s for 1935-39, slightly less than half in boxes subsequently. Note that net weight of boxes is about 2/3 that of crates. Source: California Federal-State Market News Service, "Plums: Weighted Average Prices Received at Eastern Auction Markets," annual summary reports for 1935- 1958. California Plums: TABLE U- Auction Sales, by Msrkpt, Varirty 105'>-19r;& avcr--;no ^9, T"pe of Pack Variety Cr. New York Chi- cago te pack only adel- phia Others a/ r.i 1 ma r - kets :i at New York All niarketS) Lugs Boxes Other pack s Total _£a_ck__ 1 4 5 6 7 10 11 1,000 c rates o/ Jj_000^_£ad