#4.5 
 
By the Same Author 
 
 THE MONUMENTS AND THE 
 OLD TESTAMENT: Evidence 
 from Ancient Records. Profusely 
 illustrated. Net, #1,50. 
 
A Syllabus of : : : : 
 Old Testament History 
 
 Outlines and Literature 
 For Private Study and 
 the Class Room : : 
 
 By Ira Maurice Price, Ph.D. 
 
 Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in 
 the University of Chicago : : : i 
 
 Sixth Edition, Revised 
 
 With Later Chronology Reconstructed 
 
 Fleming H. Revell Company 
 
 Chicago New York Toronto 
 
 Publishers of Evangelical Literature 
 
Copyriph: 1890-1903 by Fleming H. Revcll Company 
 
 First Edition, 1890 
 Second Edition, 1891 
 Third Edition, 1891 
 Fourth Edition, 1896 
 Fifth Edition, 1900 
 Sixth Edition, IQOJ 
 
JVJ20G037 
 
PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION. 
 
 These are fruitful times for Bible students. Each 
 year adds new and valuable works to their effective 
 equipment. And the period since the appearance 
 of the first edition (1890) of this Syllabus has prac- 
 tically reconstructed our conceptions of the history 
 and archaeology of the Orient. The finds of the 
 explorer have been critically investigated and sys- 
 tematically set forth by the liguist, the archaeologist, 
 and the historian. Their results have been made 
 available in a large body of scholarly literature. 
 These works have appeared, some in comprehen- 
 sive, sumptuous, attractive, and expensive forms, 
 and others in concise, handsome, and inexpensive 
 volumes. 
 
 This new library of Oriental life has opened a new 
 field to every Bible student. Here he finds fasci- 
 nating and fruitful results, such as clothe with flesh 
 and blood the skeleton of Old Testament history. 
 The times of ancient Israel were not unique, nor 
 were they far different in the long run from that of 
 any small people in the midst of the great nations of 
 that day. They were but one of the smaller mem- 
 bers of the great family of ancient Oriental nations. 
 The presence of Jehovah and His prophets in the 
 midst of this people has given the Old Testament, a 
 record of their national life, both political and 
 religious, its rightful place and importance as a part 
 of our Bible. 
 
 Students of the Old Testament have come to 
 appreciate the vast significance of these revelations 
 
 iv 
 
OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. v 
 
 of Oriental l ; fe. They have learned to find in them 
 the solution of many hitherto troublesome questions 
 in Old Testament life and history. They have also 
 discovered new and intricate problems, whose solu- 
 tions must await further research into the posthu- 
 mous documents of many ancient Oriental peoples. 
 The desire for a systematic study of the history in 
 the Old Testament in the light of these discoveries 
 has shown itself in the continued demand for a work 
 of this kind. It is exceedingly gratifying to know 
 that this Syllabus has been adopted and is now used 
 as a text-book in more than twenty-five theological 
 seminaries, colleges, universities, and academies in 
 this and in other lands. 
 
 Former editions of this Syllabus have adopted 
 throughout their pages, with more or less faithful- 
 ness, the chronological scheme of Archbishop 
 Ussher. The Assyrian "eponym canon" has not 
 only shown the erroneous character of that system, 
 but has been able to correct it through almost the 
 entire period of Hebrew history from the Division 
 of the Kingdom down to 666 B. C. This sixth edi- 
 tion merely retains Ussher' s dates down through 
 Solomon* s reign as a necessary evil, but from that 
 point down to Nehemiah has worked out a new sys- 
 tem, which both harmonizes older difficulties, and 
 reveals in part the Hebrew method of writing his- 
 tory. The "Appendix" presents it in detail. 
 
 The new arrangement of the "Literature for Fur- 
 ther Study" by periods, except works on the "His- 
 tory of Israel," and "Contemporaneous History,'' 
 
vi OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 will be a convenience for those who may desire to 
 do more thorough work in great historical eras, or 
 who may wish to know the latest phases of criticism 
 as touching historical material and questions. Stu- 
 dents who can and desire to pursue such a line of 
 study will be able to use wisely, throughout the 
 periods of this Syllabus, the appropriate portions of 
 the books named under "History of Israel" and 
 "Contemporaneous History." These outlines and 
 lists of literature are intended, of course, to be used 
 merely as suggestive and as a basis for work. 
 
 The writer is aware of the fact that Old Testament 
 history proper would include a comprehensive study 
 of the life of the times, including history, literature, 
 prophecy, and the like. But the impracticability 
 of doing that thing in a mere brief outline study 
 justifies the practical exclusion of the discussion of 
 many points outside of the history. Hence these 
 outlines deal almost exclusively with the facts of the 
 narrative of the Old Testament. 
 
 For the cordial reception given the earlier edi- 
 tions, and for helpful suggestions received from 
 those who have made use of the book both in private 
 study and in the class-room, the author desires to 
 express his sincere thanks. With The Monuments 
 and the Old Testament ($d edition, 1902) as its com- 
 panion volume, the author entertains the hope that 
 this Syllabus of Old Testament History may be doubly 
 useful in extending a knowledge of God's revelation 
 as embodied in the Old Testament. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, TRA TVT Pwirw 
 
 September 26, 1903. IRA M. r RICE. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 We have reached a new era in Bible study. Old plans 
 and methods of work are giving place to the new. The 
 old material of the Bible has become enriched by the 
 wealth of antiquity. The nations of the Orient are rising 
 from their slumbers. The voices of peoples, old when 
 the first word of the Old Testament was penned, are 
 heard in the East. Their testimony is essential to any 
 correct estimate of those times. In fact, the field of study 
 has so enlarged and expanded that the old text -book 
 method of studying Old Testament History must be 
 superseded by one more stimulating and comprehensive. 
 The student should be turned loose in the luxuriant fields 
 of modern investigation and discovery. He should pro- 
 duce his picture of Old Testament History filled with all 
 the events of contemporaneous peoples. This Syllabus 
 aims to furnish a practical compendium and plan of work 
 to accomplish just this end. It is designed as a new text- 
 book for use in Theological Seminaries and Colleges, 
 anc for private study. The Bible narrative alone can be 
 studied, or in addition thereto any prescribed amount 
 of outside reading done. The option of teacher or stu- 
 dent can be followed. 
 
 The plan of work is very simple. Before one attempts 
 to study the Old Testament he should have some definite 
 
 vii 
 
viii OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 knowledge of the lands of the Bible. The barest external 
 facts respecting the chief book to be studied should be 
 made, familiar. And the section of history to be analyzed 
 and synchronized must be divided into periods pos- 
 sessing characteristics all their own. Hence the INTRO- 
 DUCTION takes up and studies Biblical Geography, gives 
 some of the simplest chronological facts about the Old 
 Testament, and divides the history to be treated into 
 twelve periods, or epochs, each possessing peculiarities 
 its own. 
 
 The body of the book presents these periods divided 
 into sections, the sections into paragraphs, the paragraphs 
 into sub-heads, etCt This analysis does not claim perfec- 
 tion. Its degree of detail is not everywhere uniform. 
 The demands of the narrative are not everywhere the 
 same, so that no one method has been pursued to monot- 
 ony. The whole aims to be an orderly and convenient 
 arrangement and classification of the most important facts 
 in Old Testament History. It will serve as a basis, or 
 starting-point, for supplemental reading on the part of the 
 student. 
 
 Questions of criticism and chronology are not exhaus- 
 tievly discussed. At this stage such treatment would 
 prove to be only a source of confusion. The literature 
 referred to is generally that which should be most access- 
 ible to the ordinary student. Josephus' Antiquities, how- 
 ever, should be read alongside the corresponding Bible 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 account. All this cited literature is barely an introduction 
 to the vast field now open to the student of Old Testa- 
 ment History. 
 
 These outlines are not expository in the ordinary sense 
 of that term. They are intended to lead the student 
 along the line of the facts. He familiarizes himself with 
 the Old Testament narrative, and with all the new light 
 shed on its pages by contemporaneous history and modern 
 discovery and research. This is just the point at which 
 most Bible students are deficient. Moralize and allegorize 
 they can, easily. But to give and explain the Bible facts 
 accurately, and in order, is a rare ability. Some of the 
 prevalent erroneous and disastrous allegorizing methods of 
 our day will meet their doom when their advocates and 
 employers become grounded in a knowledge of the histor- 
 ical setting of the Old Testament. As soon as the careful 
 and devoted student has mastered the events and the 
 facts, the impulses and the motives and the moral at the 
 bottom of these facts readily appear, the lessons and 
 teachings, thus concretely expressed, present themselves 
 with a vividness and force never before conceived. 
 
 The APPENDIX presents, in an abbreviated, concise and 
 convenient form, the synchronism of Judah and Israel. 
 The LIST OF WORKS gathers up the authorities referred to 
 throughout the Syllabus, and adds a SUPPLEMENTAL LIST 
 of some of the more elaborate, the more scholarly, and 
 the latest works of value for more extensive and detailed 
 
x OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 study of Old Testament History. The GENERAL INDEX 
 includes the historical names and topics mentioned only 
 in the Syllabus. For the preparation of the INDEX OF 
 SCRIPTURE TEXTS, and for the verification of the Bible 
 references, the thanks of the author are due Mr. L. C. 
 Randolph of the Seminary. Other obligations are suffi- 
 ciently recognized by references. 
 
 By a discriminating and careful use of the interleaves 
 in jotting down new facts, explanations and references, 
 each one can make for himself of this Syllabus a handy 
 and indispensable compend of Old Testament History. 
 
 A similar treatment of Old Testament Prophecy is in 
 course of preparation. 
 
 It is the purpose of the author to provide a simple, concise, 
 practical and comprehensive method of studying the history 
 found in the Old Testament and among contemporaneous 
 peoples. He, therefore, invites suggestions, criticism and 
 corrections leading to that end. More conscious than any 
 one else of its defects, yet convinced by four years of 
 class-room experience of its practicalness, the author now 
 gives to the Bible studying public this little Syllabus. It 
 is accompanied with the prayer that it may be the means 
 of arousing a more genuine interest in the fundamental 
 historical study of the Old Testament revelation. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, IRA M. PRICE. 
 
 Morgan Park, Chicago, December 6, 1890. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Page* 
 
 I. Why study Old Testament History? j.^ 
 
 II. Biblical Geography 4 _,6 
 
 Sees. 
 
 1. The Old Testament World 6-7 
 
 2. Geography of Palestine 79 
 
 3. Geography of Palestine continued.... 9-11 
 
 4. Natural History of Palestine 11-12 
 
 5. Climate of Palestine 12 
 
 6. The Political Divisions of Palestine 13-14 
 
 7. The Chief Points and Cities of Palestine 14 
 
 8. Jerusalem 15 16 
 
 III. Literature 17-19 
 
 9. The Books of the Bible 17 
 
 10. The Books and Chapters in the Old Testament 17-18 
 
 11. Moderate General Outfit for the Study of Old Testa- 
 
 ment History 19 
 
 IV. Chronological 2021 
 
 12. Period of Time covered by the Bible 20 
 
 13. Periods of Old Testament History 20 21 
 
 FIRST PERIOD, ANTE-DILUVIAN. 
 
 14. The Creation 2325 
 
 15. Eden 25 27 
 
 16. The Temptation and the Fall 27 29 
 
 17. Cain and his Descendants 29 31 
 
 18. Scth and his Descendants 31-33 
 
 SECOND PERIOD, POST-DILUVIAN. 
 
 19. TheDeluge 34 3$ 
 
 20. The Second Beginning 37'3^ 
 
 21. The Table of Nations 38-39 
 
 1 2. Th Tower of Babel and the Dispersion 39&-39 b 
 
 xi 
 
xii OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 THIRD PERIOD, PATRIARCHAL. 
 
 23. Abraham's Call and Wanderings 40-41 
 
 24. Abraham's settled Life in Canaan 41-43 
 
 25. Career of Isaac 43-45 
 
 26. The Wanderings of Jacob to the History of Joseph... 45-46 
 
 27. Jacob and Joseph to the Descent into Egypt 46-47 
 
 FOURTH PERIOD, BONDAGE. 
 
 28. Descent and Settlement i Egypt 48-49 
 
 29. The Sojourn in Egypt 49'5o 
 
 FIFTH PERIOD, WANDERINGS. 
 
 30. The Exodus 5*-53 
 
 31. The March to Sinai 53-54 
 
 32. Doings at Sinai in the Book of Exodus 54-56 
 
 33. Doings and Laws given at Sinai in Lev. and Num. i-ix. 56-57 
 
 34. From Sinai to the Arnon 57-59 
 
 35. Conquests East of the Jordan 59'6i 
 
 36. Final Review and Death of Moses 61-62 
 
 SIXTH PERIOD, CONQUEST. 
 
 37. The Entrance into Canaan 63-64 
 
 38. The Southern Campaign 64-66 
 
 39. The Northern Campaign 66-67 
 
 40. Settlement of the Tribes 67-69 
 
 41. Joshua's Departure and Condition of the Land 69-70 
 
 42. Supplementary to the Conquest 70-71 
 
 SEVENTH PERIOD, JUDGES. 
 
 43. First three Oppressions and three Judges 7*-73 
 
 44. Canaanite and Midianite Oppressions ^ . . . 73-75 
 
 45. Ammonite and Philistine Oppressions 75 '77 
 
 46. Ruth 77-78 
 
 47. Eli and the Fall of Shiloh 78-80 
 
 48. Samuel as Judge and Ruler to the Accession of Saul. . 80-81 
 
 49. Samuel under a King, Saul 81-83 
 
 EIGHTH PERIOD, KINGDOM. 
 
 50. Saul's sane Career 84-86 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. xiii 
 
 51. Saul's insane Career 86-88 
 
 52. David's pre-regal Career 88-90 
 
 53. David's prosperous Reign 9-93 
 
 54. David's calamitous Reign 93~9^ 
 
 55. The Reign of Solomon 9 6 ~99 
 
 56. Solomon's Temple 99-102 
 
 NINTH PERIOD, DUAL KINGDOM. 
 
 57. Dual religious Decline 103-105 
 
 ,. ( Reign of Asa in Judah, ) - - 
 
 55 ' i Destruction of three Dynasties in Israel, ) ] 
 
 59. Reign of the House of Omri of Israel 108-112 
 
 60. Reign of Jehoshaphat of Judah..... 112-114 
 
 61. The great Period of oral Prophets and oral Prophecy.. 114-119 
 *. ( Religious Decline in Tudah, ) 
 
 6a ' 1 Check to Idolatry in Israel, f lig-122 
 
 63. Religious Decline and regal Prosperity 122*125 
 
 - \ Anarchy in Israel, ) . - . - 
 
 6 * \ Idolatry in Judah, f 126 ' 128 
 
 TENTH PERIOD, JUDAH ALONE. 
 
 f. j Reforms in Judah. ) 
 
 6 5' /Downfall of Israel,} 129-132 
 
 66. Hezekiah's Reign after the Fall of Samaria 232-135 
 
 67. Reigns of Manasseh and Amon I 35 -I 37 
 
 68. Josiah's Reign and Reform 137-140 
 
 69. Decline under Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim 140-141 
 
 70. Decline under Jehoiachin and Zedekiah 142-144 
 
 ELEVENTH PERIOD, THE 1XILE. 
 
 71. Fall of Jerusalem 145-147 
 
 72. Remnants in Palestine and Egypt 147-149 
 
 73. Babylonian Exile of the Jews ... 149-151 
 
 TWELFTH PERIOD, RETURN. 
 
 74. Fall of Babylon 152-153 
 
 75. The first Return *53-i54 
 
 76. Building of the second Temple 155-156 
 
 77. Queen Esther 156-157 
 
xiv OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 78. Second Return under E*ra 157-158 
 
 79. Third Return Nehemiah 158-160 
 
 80. General Review. . . 160-161 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 The Chronology of Judah and Israel. 
 
 Section I. Dual Kingdom 162-165 
 
 " II. Judah alone i66-i67 
 
 " III. Exile .. 167-168 
 
 " IV. Restoration 169 
 
 " V. Kingsof Judah 170 
 
 " VI. Dynasties of Israel 171 
 
 INDEXES. 
 
 List of Works referred to 172-178 
 
 Supplemental List 179-184 
 
 Index of Names and Topics 185-192 
 
 Index of Scripture Texts .....,.,.....,.. 193-202 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. WHY STUDY OLD TESTAMENT 
 HISTORY ? 
 
 The doings and sayings of individuals and peo- 
 ples constitute the basis of history. They are the 
 elements which give character to any time or period. 
 We must know the men, and the times, and the 
 customs of any people before our judgment on the 
 character of any period of that people's history can 
 be of real value. Their literature and religion are 
 vitally connected with their daily life and activity; in 
 fact, they grow out of the real life of the people. If 
 we would understand their literature and religion, 
 we must make a close study of their habits and cus- 
 toms, in other words, of their history. 
 
 This is as true of Old Testament as of secular 
 history. The first and important work of every 
 Bible student is to study the times and customs of 
 the Bible, to bring up vividly before him the indi- 
 vidual events of that history. For the doing of this 
 work there are several important reasons: 
 
 l 
 
2 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 a. We have here the oldest history of mankind. 
 It contains an epitome of the world's history from 
 the beginning down to the call of Abraham, and a 
 condensed history of Abraham's descendants down 
 to the close of the fourth century before Christ. It 
 is brief, but exceedingly comprehensive. It sweeps 
 through centuries of important and epitomized 
 events. 
 
 b. It is the most complete history of the oriental 
 world in our possession. It is not confined to one 
 people, but is full of references to many and great 
 peoples. In fact, it is the only trustworthy 
 source of information regarding several of those 
 almost prehistoric nations. It is the beaten track 
 through oriental times, to which and from which nu- 
 merous pathways lead. Taking it as starting-point, 
 and making it our own, we shall have little difficulty 
 in increasing our knowledge of the contempora- 
 neous history of the surrounding peoples. 
 
 c. It is the history of God's chosen people. Gen. 
 5-xi. 9, is the biblical introduction to the history 
 of Israel. With the call of Abraham the chosen 
 people are set apart. From this point to the end of 
 the Old Testament we are following Israel. They 
 are the peculiar objects of care. Around them Je- 
 hovah makes everything revolve. Other peoples 
 are mentioned only in so far as they come in contact 
 with, or are related to, the house of Jacob. The 
 history of Israel is full of instruction, admonition, 
 
INTRODUCTION 3 
 
 encouragement, warning, promise and benediction 
 to every one who will make of it a careful study. 
 
 d. It is the soil out of which grew the prophetic 
 and poetical writings of the Old Testament. It fur- 
 nishes us the conditions of this growth and gives us 
 the principles by which it was made. The prophetic 
 utterances of the Old Testament are not isolated, 
 but are vitally connected with some period and 
 time. 
 
 e. It is essential to any true method of interpret- 
 ing the Old Testament. No one can understand 
 the import, the full significance, of the words of 
 the prophets without a reasonably complete knowl- 
 edge of the times which called out their utterances. 
 Their prophecies and predictions cannot be under- 
 stood without a comprehension of the times in which 
 they grew up. The ignorance current regarding 
 Old Testament History has been the most fruitful 
 source of bad and false interpretations in this por- 
 tion of Scripture. Out of isolated and disconnected 
 passages, regardless of the historic background, 
 men have woven theories, spiritualized and allegor- 
 ized until, in many minds, the Old Testament is a 
 mere jumble of uncertain sounds. On the other 
 hand, the history gives us the events and the customs 
 of the people which provoked the words of the 
 prophet; it gives us the basis for his utterances, and 
 the only true data by which we can rightly interpret 
 his words. Old Testament History is the basis and 
 
4 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 background of a correct interpretation of the Old 
 Testament. 
 
 /. It will be the means of strengthening our faith 
 in the Bible. In former times the charge of fable, 
 fancy and fiction was made against this old revelation, 
 as a whole. But no informed man, who is sane, will 
 make this statement to-day. The old Bible has wit- 
 nesses to its truth coming forth from almost every an- 
 cient oriental land. Its statements are confirmed and 
 re-affirmed by the discoveries in every portion of 
 the Old Testament world. Its history is supple- 
 mented and complemented and corroborated until, 
 with renewed strength and faith, we can affirm and 
 maintain its truth in the presence of every honest 
 searcher after truth. 
 
 g. It is the first part of our great revelation, the 
 introduction to the coming of our Lord. It is a 
 vital part of God's revealed word. The Bible is one 
 book. It must be studied as one book. The Old 
 Testament preceded the New, and prepared the way 
 for it. It supplies material, types, illustrations and 
 predictions for the New Testament. It is essential 
 to an understanding of the New Testament. In 
 fact, without it the New Testament cannot be cor- 
 rectly interpreted. 
 
 II. BIBLICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 History is local. Historical events, to be well 
 Understood, must be localized. Events are depend- 
 
INTRODUCTION. 6 
 
 ent for many of their characteristics upon the topog- 
 raphy of the places in which they occurred. The 
 reader or student of history must associate the event 
 with its geographical surroundings. This is the 
 only sure method of fixing and firmly grasping a 
 series of occurrences. The mind of man makes 
 pictures puts things into groups. And these 
 groups always have a background against which they 
 should be seen. The background is the mountain, 
 the plain or the plateau. 
 
 Bible history has been too long suspended in mid- 
 air. Much of the current ignorance of i ts facts has 
 been due to a neglect of the study of the geography 
 of Palestine and adjacent lands. In other words, 
 the background of the picture was lacking; there 
 was no local coloring. Readers and students ram- 
 bled through a mass of chaotic facts, and brought 
 out with them only a very general impression of all 
 that they had seen . By a systematic and orderly 
 study of the background, at the start, we shall be 
 prepared to locate our events as they occur, and pin 
 them to their proper places. 
 
 An important essential to a proper understanding 
 of Old Testament History is a knowledge of the 
 lands of the Bible. These are Palestine, and all 
 the lands which are prominently mentioned in con- 
 nection with the nations of the Old Testament It 
 has been found to be the most profitable introduction 
 to the study of the history in the Old Testament 
 
6 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Hence at this point this topic will be taken up and 
 followed out with as much thoroughness of treatment 
 as time and space will allow. Cf. Stanley, Sinai 
 and Palestine, Preface. 
 
 1. THE OLD TESTAMENT WORLD. 
 
 1. Extent: a. by parallels; b. by miles; c, by sq, 
 
 miles. 
 
 2. Chief bodies of water seven: a. location; b. 
 
 size; c. characteristics. 
 
 3. Principal mountain ranges -six: a. location; b* 
 
 extent and height; ; characteristics. 
 
 4. Main rivers six: a. source, direction and out- 
 
 let; b. length and use. 
 
 5. Mountain countries three : a. names and 
 
 boundaries; b. contour and characteristics; 
 c. principal cities. 
 
 6. Plain countries five: a. names and bounda- 
 
 ries; b. contour and characteristics; c. princi- 
 pal cities. 
 
 7. Mediterranean coast lands six: a. names and 
 
 boundaries; b. contour and characteristics; 
 c. principal cities. 
 
 Suggestions : 
 
 1. Draw a map of the Old Testament world. 
 
 2. Make constant use of the map until the points 
 become fixed in mind. 
 
 3. Locate from memory (i) the bodies of water, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 (2) mountain ranges, (3) rivers, and (4) the countries 
 in each of these divisions. 
 
 4. Give the location of the ancient capital or 
 principal city in each of the countries. 
 
 5. Thoroughly master this section before proceed- 
 ing to the next. 
 
 Literature : 
 
 Hurlbut, Manual of Biblical Geography, pp. 17- 
 
 22. 
 
 Johnson, Biblical Wall Atlas. F. H. Revell, Chi- 
 cago and N. Y., 1889. 
 Grove, Geo., Bible Atlas. 
 New Bible Atlas, Religious Tract Society. 
 Whitney, Hand-book of Bible Geography. 
 Coleman, Historical Text-book and Atlas of Biblical 
 
 Geography. 
 Kennedy, Countries and Places mentioned in Bible 
 
 History. 
 
 Osborn, Biblical History and Geography-maps at end. 
 Labberton, New Historical Atlas, cf. Plates ii-vii. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE. 
 
 1. Boundaries of Palestine proper. 
 
 2. Extent: a. by parallels; b. by miles; c. area, (i) 
 
 west of Jordan, (2) east of Jordan, (3) total; 
 d. land of promise. 
 
8 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Origin and significance of its names: a. Canaan; 
 
 b. Palestine; c. Holy Land. 
 
 4. Natural divisions of Palestine four parallels 
 
 from North to South: a. plain by the Mediter- 
 ranean Sea; b. mountain range; c. Jordan val- 
 ley; d. eastern table-land. 
 
 5. Size, divisions and characteristics of the mart" 
 
 time plain : a. Phoenicia ; b. Esdraelon ; c. 
 Sharon; d. Philistia. 
 
 6. Describe the mountain range, especially: a. lower 
 
 Lebanon; b. hills of lower Galilee; c. hill 
 country of Judea and Samaria; d. low hills; 
 e. South country. 
 
 7. Characteristics of the Jordan valley: a. its re- 
 
 markable depression; b. its sudden fall; c. 
 size and surroundings. 
 
 8. Eastern table-land: a. boundaries; b. contour; 
 
 c. characteristics. 
 
 Literature : 
 
 Hurlbut, Manual of Bib. Geog., pp. 28-32. 
 Osborn, H. S., Map of Palestine (large or small). 
 Van de Velde, Map of the Holy Land. 
 Survey Memoir : Western Palestine in 26 sheets on a 
 
 scale of one inch to a mile. Best map made. 
 Tristram, Palestine in its Physical Aspects. 
 Dawson, Mod. Science in Bible Lands, chap. viii. 
 Conder, Palestine, in 'Great Explorer' series. 
 Robinson, Physical Geography of Palestine. 
 

INTRODUCTION. 9 
 
 Thomson, The Land and The Book, 3 vols., (new 
 
 edition), N. Y. 1886. 
 Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, chap. i-xi. 
 Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, 3 vols. 
 Field, Among the Holy Hills, 
 Conder, Tent-work in Palestine. 
 Wilson, Jno., Lands of the Bible. 2 vols. 
 Merrill, East of the Jordan. N. Y., 1883. 
 Schumacher, Across the Jordan. London, 1886. 
 Tristram, The Land of Israel. London, 1886. 
 
 Land of Moab. N. Y., 1873. 
 Stewart, R. L., The Land of Israel. 
 Mac Coun, T., The Holy Land in Geography and 
 
 History, 2 vols. 
 
 3. GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE Continued. 
 
 1. Principal mountain peaks west of the Jordan 
 
 give ten: a. names; b. height; c. relative lo- 
 cation. 
 
 2. Principal points east of the Jordan three: a. 
 
 names; b. heights; c. relative position. 
 
 3. Plains of Palestine: a. Esdraelon; b. Sharon; 
 
 c. Philistia; d. Jericho or Jordan; e. South 
 country; /. Bashan. 
 
 4. River of Palestine Jordan: 0. sources; b. fall 
 
 between various points; c. length, width and 
 
10 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 depth; d. entire fall; e. velocity;/, average 
 per mile. 
 
 5. Brooks and wadies of Palestine: (i) east of Jor- 
 
 dan three; (2) west of Jordan and empty- 
 ing into it three; (3) flowing into the 
 Mediterranean Sea three; a. names; b. 
 size, length; c. territory drained; d. perpet- 
 ual or perennial. 
 
 6. Lakes of Palestine two: a. Merom (cf. Josh. 
 
 x i' 5> 7)> ^- Chinnereth or Galilee (cf. Num. 
 xxxiv. n; Deut. iii. 17; Josh. xii. 3; xiii. 27); 
 a. size; b. level; c. connection; d. use. 
 
 7. The sea of Palestine (Salt, Gen. xiv. 3; of 
 
 Arabah, Deut. iii. 17; Eastern, Ezek. xlvii. 
 18; Joel ii. 20): a. size; b. depth; c. level; 
 d. character of water; e. source of supply; 
 f. outlet; g. its enclosure. 
 
 8. Characteristics of Palestine: a. seclusion from 
 
 the rest of the world; b. smallness and nar- 
 rowness of territory; c. central position, cf. 
 I Kings x. 29; 2 Kings xxiii. 29. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Additional to that given under $2: 
 Ritter, Geography of Palestine, vol. ii. pp. 226- 
 
 336. 
 
 Lynch, Expedition to the Jordan and Dead Sea. 
 Wilson, E. L., In Scripture Lands, chaps, viii-xiv. 
 Dawson, Egypt and Syria, chap. v. 
 MacGregor, J., The Rob Roy on the Jordan, Nile 
 and Red Sea. New York, 1870. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 11 
 
 Smith, G. A., Hist. Geog. of the Holy Land, 1895. 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities and Bib. Countries, ch. ii. sec. 3. 
 
 4. NATURAL HISTORY OF PALESTINE. 
 
 1. Geological features: (i)tf. sea coast; b. plains; c. 
 
 mountain west of Jordan; d. mountain east 
 of Jordan; e. Gilead; f. Hauran, Bashan; g, 
 cast of Dead Sea; (2) a. springs and foun- 
 tains; b. sepulchres; c. caves; d. extinct vol- 
 canic remains. 
 
 2. Botanical features : (i) a. plains; b. hill coun* 
 
 try west; c. hill country east; d. Bashan; e. 
 Jordan valley; /*. South country; (2) a. chief 
 fruits; b. chief flowers; c. chief vegetables; 
 d. chief grains. 
 
 3. Zoological features: (i) a. mammalia; b. birds; 
 
 c. reptiles; d. fishes; (2) a. chief domestic 
 animals; b. chief wild animals; c. chief ven- 
 omous reptiles. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog. Map on p. 28. 
 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities and Bible Countries, p. 88-120. 
 
 Hull, Survey Memoir : " Geology." 
 
 Hudleston, The Geology of Palestine. 
 
 MacGregor, Rob-Roy on the Jordan. 
 
 Dawson, Mod. Science in Bib. Lands, ch. viii, and app. iv. 
 
 Dawson, Egypt and Syria, chaps, iv. and v. 
 
 Groser, Trees and Plants of the Bible. 
 
12 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Osborn, The Plants of the Bible. 
 
 Tristram, Survey Memoir : " The Fauna and Flora." 
 
 Hart, Animals of the Bible. Rel. Tract Soc. 
 
 Wood, Bible Animals. 
 
 Bissell, Bible Antiquities, chap. v. 
 
 5. CLIMATE OF PALESTINE. 
 
 1 . Seasons: a. Winter, Nov.- April, wet ; b. summer, 
 
 May Oct., dewy and dr)'. 
 
 2. Temperature: a. average in winter 49.1; b. 
 
 greatest cold 28; c. average July and Aug. 
 78.4; d. greatest heat 92; e. extreme 
 range in year 52; f. mean annual 65. 6; 
 g. isothermal lines in U. S. A., across Florida 
 and Southern California; h. at different times 
 of the day; i. at various elevations. 
 
 3. Rain: a. time of greatest fall; b. time "of least 
 
 fall; c. mean annual fall; d. direction of ap- 
 proach. 
 
 4. Winds: a. westerly in rainy seasons; b. easterly 
 
 in winter; c. N. W. and S. in summer; d. 
 sirocco. 
 5- Purity of the atmosphere. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Tristram, Palestine in its Physical Aspects. 
 " Palestine," in Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible, 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities and Bible Countries, pp. 114- 120. 
 Robinson, Physical Geography of Palestine. 
 

 
INTRODUCTION. 13 
 
 $6. THE POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF PALESTINE. 
 
 1. Patriarchal period down to descent into 
 
 Egypt: a. low-lands Canaanites, Phoeni- 
 cians; b. highlands west Amorites, Hivites, 
 Jebusites, Hittites; c. highlands east Moab- 
 ites, Amorites, Ammonites. 
 
 2. Tribal period settlement of the tribes: 
 
 (1) Tribes east of Jordan two and one- 
 half. 
 
 (2) Tribes west of Jordan and south of 
 half tribe of Manasseh 5. 
 
 (3) Tribes west of Jordan and north of 
 half tribe of Manasseh 4. 
 
 a. name; b. bound; c. characterize each ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 3. Regal period Saul to fall of the kingdom: 
 
 (1) United under Saul, David and Solo- 
 mon. 
 
 (2) Divided at disruption of the kingdom. 
 
 a. Judah Benjamin, Judah and Simeon. 
 
 b. Israel remaining ten tribes. 
 
 c. comparative size of the two territories. 
 
 4. New Testament period under Rome: 
 
 (i) west of Jordan: a. Galilee; b. Sa- 
 maria; c. Judea; (2) east of Jordan: a. 
 south of brook Hieroinax, Perea; b. 
 north of brook Hieromax, Bashan. 
 #. bound; b. give principal cities; c. charact- 
 er of the country. 
 
14 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Draw an outline map of Palestine in each period. 
 Locate the principal points and cities. 
 Master these thoroughly. 
 
 Literature; 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., Map on p. 50, cf. p. 60. 
 
 " " p. 58. 
 " " pp. 64,68, 100. 
 " " pp. 86, 88, 89. 
 
 7. THE CHIEF POINTS AND CITIES IN PALESTINE. 
 
 1. On sea coast: a. Joppa; b. Carmel; c. Tyre; 
 
 a. locate; b. give importance of each. 
 
 2. On the mountain range: a. Beersheba; b. He- 
 
 bron; <:. Jerusalem; d. Bethel; e. Samaria;/. 
 Shechem; g. Mt. Gilboa; k. Hazor. 
 
 3. In the Jordan valley : a. Jericho ; b. Dan at 
 
 sources of Jordan. 
 
 4. On eastern table land: a. Heshbon; b. Ra- 
 
 moth Gilead; c. Mahanaim. 
 
 Locate each of the above points in the divisions 
 of Palestine in a. Patriarchal period; b. Tribal per- 
 iod; c. Regal period; d. N. T. period. 
 
 Make yourself master of the outlines and main 
 points in Palestine before you leave them. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Names of the places in Bible Dictionaries. 
 Porter, Giant Cities of Bashan. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 15 
 
 8. JERUSALEM. 
 
 Name in different periods : a. Jerusalem, before the 
 conquest ; b. in period of judges, Jebus, Judg. 
 xix. 10 ; c. Jerusalem, in regal period ; d. in 
 Christian times, Holy City ; e. now, El. Khuds,. 
 ' the holy.' 
 
 General location ( I ) politically: a. territory 
 of Jebusites; b. in Benjamin; c. in Judah; d. 
 in Judea; (2) geographically: a. 32 miles 
 from Mediterranean ; b. 1 8 miles from Dead 
 Sea; c. 20 miles north of Hebron; d. 36 miles 
 south of Samaria; e. 2600 feet above sea 
 level. 
 
 Special location (i) Valleys uniting at S. E. 
 angle of city: a. Hinnom, from N. W. ; b. 
 Kidron or Jehoshaphat from N. ; c. Tyro- 
 pcean from N. N. W.; (2) Mounts: a. Zion 
 S. W. between Hinnom and Tyropcean; b. 
 MoriahS. E. between Tyropcean and Kidron; 
 c. Acra N. of Zion; d. Bezetha N. of Moriah. 
 Remark Olivet is east of Jerusalem. 
 Sections of the City. a. upper city or Zion; b. 
 lower city or Acra N. of Zion and W. of 
 temple; c. Ophel, parks and gardens S. of 
 Moriah; d. Moriah, N. of Ophel con- 
 tained the temple. 
 
 Size of the city : a. circumference; b. diameter; 
 c. area ; d. elevation above the valleys on either 
 side. 
 
16 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 6. History : a. fortress of Jebusites until David's 
 capture of it (ca. 1000); b. capital of United 
 Kingdom, and of Judah; c. sacked by Shi- 
 shak in Rehoboam's reign ; d. sacked by Phil- 
 istines and Arabians in reign of Jehoram; e. 
 sacked by Joash of Israel in Amaziah's reign ; 
 f. sacked by Nebuchadrezzar in reign of 
 Jehoiakim (605); g. sacked by same king in 
 reign of Jehoiachin (597); h. sacked and de- 
 stroyed by Neb. in reign of Zedekiah (586); i. 
 rebuilt about 536-52O;/. walls built by Nehe- 
 miah (445) ; k. sacked by Antiochus Epiph- 
 anes (168 B. C.); /. destroyed by the Ro- 
 mans in A. D., 70; m. at present a Turkish 
 city of 20,000 inhabitants. 
 Literature: 
 
 Maps in Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog. pp. 72, 75, 78, 
 79,81, 82. 
 
 Stanley, Sinai and Pal,, p. 226. See also "Jeru- 
 salem" in index to Stanley. 
 
 Thomson, Land and Book, vol. i, pp. 412-567. 
 
 Admirable description, maps and cuts. 
 
 Fergusson, Ancient Topography of Jerusalem, 1847. 
 
 Drake, Modern Jerusalem. 
 
 Survey Memoir : "Jerusalem" volume. 
 
 Quarterly Statements of Pal. Exploration Fund. 
 
 Wilson and Warren, The Recovery of Jerusalem, 
 New York, 1871. 
 
 Besant & Palmer, Jerusalem, the City of Herod and 
 Saladin, new edition, London, 1889. 
 
 " Jerusalem " in Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 17 
 
 III. LITERATURE. 
 
 9. THE BOOKS OF THE BIBLE. 
 
 I. In General a coincidence. 
 
 1. The Bible contains sixty -six books. 
 Isaiah contains sixty-six chapters. 
 
 2. The Old Testament, thirty -nine books, is in gen - 
 
 eral historical. 
 
 The first section of Isaiah, thirty-nine chapters, 
 is in general historical. 
 
 3. The New Testament, twenty-seven books, is in 
 
 general doctrinal. 
 
 The Second section of Isaiah, twenty-seven chap- 
 ters, is in general doctrinal or evangelical. 
 
 II. The Books of the Old Testament. 
 
 Kinds of Literature in the Old Testament, his- 
 
 torical. poetical, prophetical. 
 . . . , < Pentateuch - ? 
 
 i. Historical, J Other hist, books 112 
 
 17 
 
 a. Poetical, - - 5 
 
 3. Pr.phetic*, - - 
 
 17 
 
 Total, 39 
 
 10. THE BOOKS AND CHAPTERS IN THE OLD 
 TESTAMENT. 
 
 Commit to memory the entire list of books in the 
 
18 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Old Testament in their order, together with the 
 number of chapters in each book. Follow the 
 order under 9. Observe a few points: 
 
 1. In the Pentateuch: Gen. and Ex. contain chap- 
 
 ters which are multiples of 10 (50 and 40); 
 Lev. and Num. contain multiples of 9 (27 
 and 36). 
 
 2. In the twelve other historical books: a. Joshua 
 
 and 2 Sam. contain each 24 chaps.; b. 
 
 1 Sam. contains same as Prov., 31 chaps.; c. 
 
 2 Chron. contains same as Num., 36 chaps.; 
 d. Ezra and Esther contain each 10 chaps. 
 
 3. Major Prophets: Isaiah contains same number 
 
 of chapters as the Bible does of books sixty- 
 six. 
 
 4. Commit to memory the Minor Prophets. 
 
 Ho-Jo-Am Ob-Jo-Mi ! 
 Na-Ha-Ze 
 Ha-Ze-Ma. 
 
 5. In General. 
 
 Three chaps, are found in Joel, Nah., Hab.Zeph, 
 
 Four " " Ruth, Jon. and Mai. 
 
 Ten " " Ezra and Esther. 
 
 Twelve ' Eccl. and Dan. 
 
 Fourteen ' Hos. and Zech. 
 
 Twenty-four " Josh, and 2 Sam. 
 
 Thirty-one i Sam. and Prov. 
 
 Thirty-six " " " Num. and 2 Chron. 
 
 NOTE Historical Books contain 436 chaps. 
 Poetical " " 243 
 Prophetical " " 250 
 
 Total, . 9*9 " 
 
INTRODUCTION. 19 
 
 11. MODERATE GENERAL OUTFIT FOR THE STUDY 
 
 OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY.t 
 
 American Standard Revised Bible, or Rev. Version. 
 Hurlbut, Manual of Bib. Geography. Chicago. 
 Geikie, Hours with the Bible, new edition. Pott, 
 
 N. Y., 1895. 
 
 Price, The Monuments and the Old Test., 1900. 
 
 Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews. 
 
 Stanley, History of the Jewish Church, 3 vols. Scrib- 
 ner's, N. Y. 
 
 Thomson's The Land and the Book, 3 vols. Har- 
 pers, 1886. 
 
 *Edersheim, Bible History, 7 vols. London. 
 
 *Davis, A Dictionary of the Bible, i vol. or, 
 
 ^Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible, 4 vols. 
 
 *By-Paths of Bible Knowledge, Religious Tract 
 Soc., London. 
 
 *Bissell, Biblical Antiquities. Am. S. S. Union. 
 
 *Records of the Past, 2d series, London, 188892. 
 
 *McCurdy, J. F., History, Prophecy and the Monu- 
 ments, 3 vols. MacmillanCo., 1894- 
 IQOCX 
 
 *Mcn of the Bible Series, 15 vols. Randolph, N. Y. 
 
 Special works are cited in their appropriate places 
 under Literature, and in List of Works, pp. 172-180. 
 
 fThe uns tarred works should be in the hands of every one; those 
 starred are very useful and important, and should be consulted if 
 possible. 
 
20 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 IV. CHRONOLOGICAL.* 
 
 12. PERIOD OF TIME COVERED BY THE BIBLE. 
 
 1. The Old Testament describes peoples and events 
 
 from 4004. to 400 B. C. , or about 3^600 years. 
 
 2. The New Testament describes events from 4. 
 
 B. C. to 100 A. D. , or about 100 years. 
 
 3. Old Testament writings belong to a period from 
 
 14.00 B. C.to 4.00 B. C.^or about 1,000 years. 
 
 4. New Testament writings belong to a period from 
 
 about 50 to 100 A. D., or about 50 years. 
 
 *The chronology of Archbishop Ussher is adopted down to the Division 
 of the Kingdom, simply for convenience. See Appendix. 
 
 13. PERIODS OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY B. C. 
 
 This division seems to be a perfectly natural one, 
 and such as will commend itself to the student. 
 i. Ante-diluvian, 4004-2348. Creation of Man to the 
 
 Deluge, 
 ii. Post-diluvian, 2348-1921. Deluge to the call 
 
 of Abraham, 
 iii. Patriarchal, 1921-1706. Call of Abraham to 
 
 the Descent into Egypt 
 iv. Egypttan,i7o6-I49i. Descent into Egypt to 
 
 the Exodus, 
 v. Wanderings, 1491-1451. Exodus to Crossing 
 
 of Jordan, 
 vi. Conquest, 1451-1400. Crossing of Jordan to 
 
 Appointment of Judges. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 21 
 
 vii. Judges, 1400-03. 1050. Appointment of Judges 
 
 to Establishment of Kingdom, 
 viii. Kingdom, ca. 1050-931. Establishment of 
 
 Kingdom to Division of Kingdom. 
 ix. Dual Kingdom, 931-722. Division of King- 
 dom to Fall of Samaria. 
 x. Judah alone, 722-586. Fall of Samaria to Fall 
 
 of Jerusalem. 
 xi. Captivity Exile, 586-538. Fall of Jerusalem 
 
 to Fall of Babylon, 
 xii. Restoration, 538-432. Fall of Babylon to the 
 
 close of Nehemiah's career. 
 
 Remark. Spare no pains to fix these periods 
 firmly in mind. They are absolutely essential to a 
 firm grasp of the outlines of Old Testament History. 
 

 
 
SYLLABUS 
 
 OF 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 FIRST PERIOD. 
 
 ANTE-DILUVIAN. CREATION OF MAN TO 
 THE DELUGE, 4004-2348 B.C. 
 
 14. THE CREATION GEN. I.-II. 3. 
 
 1. Introduction,'^ 1-2: a. in beginning God created 
 
 the universe ; b. all was chaos ; c. spirit of God 
 brooded over it. 
 
 2. First day, i. 3-5: a. appearance of (cosmic) 
 
 light; b. called day; c. darkness called night. 
 
 3. Second day, i. 6-8: organization of the heavens: 
 
 a. expanse formed with water (clouds and 
 mists) above and waters beneath; b. called 
 heavens. 
 
 4. Third day, i. 9-13: i) land appears: a. waters 
 
 collected and dry land appears ; b. land called 
 earth, waters seas; 2) vegetable life: a. seed- 
 bearing herbs; b. fruit-trees, these two were 
 the first forms of life. 
 
24 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 5. Fourth day, i. 14-19: solar light: a. first ap- 
 
 pearance (to one standing upon the earth) of 
 the heavenly bodies; b. to separate day and 
 night; c. to indicate seasons, days and years. 
 
 6. Fifth day, i. 20-23: creation of lower animals: 
 
 a. God created 'great long things' ; b. living 
 beings in water; c. birds in the heavens; d. 
 commands all, "be fruitful and multiply." 
 
 7. Sixth day, i. 24-31 : i) higher land animals: a. 
 
 cattle; b. creeping things of the ground; 2) 
 creation of man: a. God created man in his 
 own image; b. created male and female; c. 
 blessed them; d. commanded, "be fruitful and 
 multiply"; e. have dominion over all creatures; 
 f. live on vegetation. 
 God pronounced all his creation " very good." 
 
 8. Seventh day, ii. 1-3: a. work complete ; b. God 
 
 rested (from activity in creation); c. blessed 
 the seventh day and hallowed it. 
 
 9. Note and give the distinct advance in each suc- 
 
 cessive period (day). 
 
 XO. Genesis i.-ii. 3 and Geology how far can they 
 be harmonized? Guyot. 
 
 1 1. The age of the world: a. until the creation of 
 
 man ; b. since man's creation. Geikie vol. i. 6. 
 
 12. Ancient legends of creation. Geikie vol. i. 3. 
 
 13. Seventh day: a. present period of God's rest 
 
 from activity in creation; b. relation to man's 
 seventh day. 
 


 
ANTE-DILUVIAN. 25 
 
 14. Object of Gen. .-. j: a. God is creator of all 
 
 things; b. God prepared all things for man; 
 c. God put man at the summit of creation ; d. 
 God gave man dominion over all living things, 
 cf. Ps. viii. 6-8. 
 
 15. Beginnings in this section: a. solar system; b. 
 
 all vegetable and animal life; c. man and wo- 
 man; d. Sabbath. 
 Remark. Learn carefully the work of each day, 
 
 and note the threefold occurence of " creation." 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, vol. i. chaps. 3-5. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 60-65. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap, i . 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 1-21. 
 
 Dawson, The Origin of the World. 
 
 Davis, Genesis and Semitic Tradition, chaps. 1-3. 
 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Genesis, chaps. I and 2. 
 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 2. 
 
 Lenormant, Beginnings of History, chap. i. 
 
 Guyot, Creation ; and review of same by Prof. Dana 
 in Bib. Sac., vol. xlii. pp. 201-224. 
 
 Dana in O. and N. T. Student, July and Aug. 1890. 
 
 15. BDEN. GEN. II. 4-25. 
 
 i. Introduction, ii. 4-6: a. not a second account ot 
 creation; b. but an account of the preparation 
 of the earth for man ; c. introductory to a des- 
 cription of (i) man's true relation to his Maker, 
 (2) his relation to the vegetable and animal 
 world, (3) his relation to woman. 
 
26 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 2. Man in distinction from animals , i. 26-27; ^* 7'* 
 
 #. created in the image of God he thus pos- 
 sessed: (i) immortality 'a living soul'; ^2) in- 
 telligence; (3) conscience; (4) personality; (5) 
 will; (6) affections; (7) moral righteousness; b. 
 had dominion over all the earth. 
 
 3. Location of Eden, ii. 8-14: i) Bible account: a, 
 
 near the Tigris and Euphrates, Pishon and 
 Gihon rivers ; b. first two known, second two 
 were probably canals, similar names of such 
 water-courses having been found; c. a tablet 
 discovered in Babylonia in 1885, reads 
 "Sippar in Eden;" 2) other views of its site: 
 a. Armenia; b. North Pole, 
 
 4. Gods pur-poses for Adam^ ii. 15-20: a. put him in 
 
 the garden (Eden) "to dress it and to keep it;" 
 
 b. to eat of every tree of the garden, except 
 'the tree of the knowledge of good and evil;' 
 
 c. to study and name "every beast of the field" 
 which 'Jehovah God had (already) formed' 
 ' out of the ground ;' d. to have and hold in 
 his purity intimate communion with his Maker. 
 
 5. Origin and -purpose of -woman, ii. 21-25: a. 
 
 "taken out of man;" b. to be a help meet for 
 man; c. establishing the significance of the 
 marital relation; d. God's word, "Therefore 
 shall a man leave his father and his mother 
 and shall cleave unto his wife" (vs. 24); e. 
 Christ's words, Matt. xix. 4-6. 
 
ANTE-DILUVIAN. 27 
 
 6. Different interpretations of this chapter. 
 
 7. Traditions of man's creation. Geikie, vol. i. & 
 
 8. Antiquity of man. Dawson, Geikie. 
 
 9. Beginnings in chap. ii. 4-25: a. work for man, 
 
 (vs. 15); b. prohibition (vs. 17); c. naming of 
 animal creation; d. language; e. object of 
 woman \f. primitive purity. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chaps. 6 and 7. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 66. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. I. 
 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 3. 
 
 Lenormant, Beginnings, chap. 2. 
 
 Dawson, Mod. Science in Bib. Lands, chaps, iii.-iv. 
 
 Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? 
 
 Davis, Gen. and Sem. Tradition, chaps. 4 and 5. 
 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Gen., chaps. 4 and 5. 
 
 l6. THE TEMPTATION AND THE FALL. GEN. III. 
 
 1. The work of the serpent, vss. 1-5: a. cast doubt 
 
 into the mind of the woman ; b. denied the re- 
 sults threatened by God; c. promised addi- 
 tional wisdom "ye shall be as God knowing 
 good and evil." 
 
 2. The actions of Eve and Adam, vss. 6-8: 0. as 
 
 the serpent advised, Eve eats of the fruit (of 
 the "tree of good and evil") and gives to Adam ; 
 b. "eyes were opened" disobedience gave 
 birth to shame; c. sin could not face God 
 "they hid themselves." 
 
28 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Examination by God, vss. 9-13: a. God found 
 
 them; b. reason for hiding given without in- 
 quiry; c. disobedience heaps the blame upon 
 another; d. traced to the serpent. 
 
 4. Sentences pronounced, vss. 14-19 : a. serpent, cursed 
 
 to crawl; b. seed of the serpent and seed of 
 the woman to be at enmity perpetually; c. 
 woman, to bear children in sorrow and be sub- 
 ject to her husband; d. man, to toil for bread, 
 to return to dust. 
 
 J. Further results, vss. 2024: a. woman named 
 Eve; b. two clothed (with skins of animals, 
 sacrificed or eaten ?) ; c. expelled from the gar- 
 den; d. guard to prevent approach to "the 
 tree of life:" i) cherubim, a symbol, cf. Ex. xxv. 
 18-22; Ps. Ixxx. i; Ezek. x. 18; 2) flame of a 
 sword, a symbol, cf. Ps. vii. 12-13; ^ sa - xxxiv. 
 5-6; Zeph. ii. 12. 
 
 6. The serpent in the Bible: a. symbol of wisdom, 
 
 Matt. x. 16; b. a sly enemy, Gen. xlix. 17; 
 2 Cor. xi. 9; c. a venomous enemy, Ps. Iviii. 4; 
 Amos v. 19; i Cor. x. 9; d. the devil himself, 
 Rev. xii. 9, xx. 2; e. and his followers, Matt, 
 xxiii. 33; i John iii. 8, etc. 
 
 7. The death resulting from disobedience i a. physi- 
 
 cal death (vs. 19), seeds of decay set to work; 
 a perfect body containing immortal possibili- 
 ties and true to God would not have died ; b. 
 spiritual death, Rom. v. 12-21. 
 

 
ANTE-DILUVIAN. 29 
 
 8. A gleam of hope for the first disobedients, vs. 15: 
 
 a. a seed promised before the sentence is 
 uttered ; b. this seed to bruise with its heel the 
 head (the vital part) of the serpent; c* a just 
 inference is the victory of the bruiser. Note 
 "seed of the woman," in Isa. vii. 14 and Matt, 
 i. 23. 
 
 9. Interpretations of this chapter: a. mythical; b, 
 
 allegorical; c. historical. 
 
 10. Traditions of these events among other nations. 
 
 Lenormant, chap. 3. Davis, Sem. Trad., 
 ch. 6-8. 
 
 11. Beginnings in chap. Hi.: a. disobedience, sin; b. 
 
 shame; c. cursing; d. sorrow; e. toil;/", phys- 
 ical death ; g. clothing ; h. promise of a Re- 
 deemer. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 8. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. i. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 67, 68. 
 
 Lenormant, Beginnings, chap. 3. 
 
 Milton, John, Paradise Lost. 
 
 17. CAIN AND HIS DESCENDANTS. GEN. IV. 
 
 I. Cain and Abel, and their of erings, vss. 1-50: a. 
 birth of the boys; b. occupation, (i) Cain "a 
 tiller of the ground," (2) Abel, "a keeper of 
 flocks;" c. offerings, (i) Cain's, "fruit of the 
 ground," (2) Abel's, "firstlings and fat thereof", 
 (sacrifice?). 
 
36 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 2. Jehovafts attitude, vss. 4#-$<z . a. Abel and his 
 
 offering accepted; b. Cain and his offering 
 rejected ; c. faith in God made the difference, 
 Heb. xi. 4. 
 
 3. Cain's wrath and murder of Abel, vss. 5^-10: a. 
 
 wrath and countenance fallen; /;. Jehovah's re- 
 buke and statement of a great principle; c. 
 Cain slays Abel; d. the culmination of the first 
 disobedience, Cain's formalism, jealousy and 
 wrath ; e. first mutilation of God's own creature. 
 
 4. Punishment of Cain, vss. 1015: # murder fol- 
 
 lowed by lying; b. shed-blood reveals the fact 
 (Isa. xxvi. 21); c. Cain cursed by Jehovah; d. 
 also to be "a fugitive and a wanderer in the 
 earth;" . weight of the punishment ; f. sign 
 set to save Cain from a violent death. 
 
 5. Cain "in the land of wandering" (Nod), vss, 
 
 16-18: #. exiled from the presence of Jehovah; 
 b. his wife was probably his sister custom not 
 unknown in early times (cf. Gen. xx. 12); c. 
 Enoch, his son, built the rst city, and named it. 
 
 6. Lantech and the origin of the arts, vss. 19-22: a. 
 
 a bigamist; b. Jabal, father of nomads and 
 shepherds; c. Jubal, father of musicians on 
 stringed and wind instruments; d, Tubal-cain, 
 an instructor of every bronze and iron-worker, 
 making cutting instruments (of war and agri- 
 culture). 
 
 7. Lamectts song, vss. 23-24: a. first Hebrew poetry, 
 
 (consisting neither of rhyme nor of metre, but 
 
ANTE-DILUVIAL. Jh 
 
 t 
 of parallelism in thought); b. intimations of 
 
 violence in the land. 
 
 8. Instead of Abel, vss: 25-26: a. Sethis born; b. his 
 
 descendants call upon the name of Jehovah. 
 
 9. Traditions of ajirst murder among other -peoples. 
 
 Lenormant. 
 
 10. Beginnings in chapter iv. : a. offerings sacrifice ; 
 
 b. murder; c. city; d. polygamy; e. arts;_/~. 
 poetry; g. calling on Jehovah. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 9. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 2. 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 6. 
 Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 4. 
 Lenormant, Beginnings, chaps. 4 and 5. 
 Davis, Gen. and Sem. Trad. , chap. 9. 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Gen., chap. 5. 
 
 l8. SETH AND HIS DESCENDANTS. GEN. V. 
 
 1. Introduction, vss. 1-2: restatement of (i) man's 
 
 creation, (2) as male and female. 
 
 2. Ten generations from Adam to Noah^ vss. 3-32: 
 
 a. note the tri-verse method of presenting the 
 facts in connection with each chief; b. excep- 
 tional expressions concerning Enoch(cf. apocry- 
 phal book of Enoch); c. special mention made 
 of Noah's significances. 
 
 3. Compare the names of Cain's (iv. 18-22.) and 
 
 Settfs descendants: a. noting similarities in 
 
32 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 names and meanings; b. noting variance in 
 their number and their dissimilarities. 
 
 4. Variations in the versions in the length of time be- 
 
 tween Adam and the deluge : a. Hebrew gives 
 1656 years; b. Samaritan gives 1307 years; c. 
 Septuagint gives 2242 years; d. due probably 
 to different methods of reckoning time; e, other 
 explanations? 
 
 5. Longevity among Old Testament peoples: a. 
 
 ante-diluvian period, 969 to 365 years, Gen. v. 
 5-31; b. post-diluvian period, 600 to 148 years 
 (xi. 10-25); c ' patriarchal, Mosaic times, 180 
 120 years (Gen. xxxv. 28; xxv. 7; xlvii. 28; 
 Deut. xxxiv. 7); d. later Old Testament times, 
 about 80 years (cf. Ps. xc. 10). 
 
 6. Explanations for such variant longevity; a. errors 
 
 in the computations of scribes; b. supposable 
 difference in the early methods of reckoning 
 time, counting moons or seasons as years; c. 
 the time covers the life, not of a man, but of the 
 tribe over which he is head ; d. man's originally 
 perfect body yielded slowly to the seeds of 
 decay. 
 
 7. Enoch a prophet: a. Jude 14; b. translated as 
 
 Elijah (vs. 24, cf, 2 Kings ii. n). 
 
 8. Similar genealogies among other peoples. See 
 
 Lenormant. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 9. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 2, sec. i. 
 
ANTE-DILUVIAN. 33 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 3 and 4. 
 
 Humphrey, Sacred Hist., chaps. 6 and 7. 
 
 Lenormant, Beginnings, chap. 6. 
 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Gen., chap. 6. 
 
 Article on " Chronology of the Old Test." in 
 
 Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible. 
 Green, Pre-Abrahamic Chronology, The Independ- 
 ent, 1891, p. 897. 
 
SECOND PERIOD. 
 
 POST-DILUVIAN. DELUGE TO CALL OF 
 ABRAHAM. B. C. 2348-1921. 
 
 19. THE DELUGE. GEN. VI.-VIII. 14. 
 
 i. Introduction, cause, vi. 1-12: a. "Sons of God" 
 (Sethites) and " daughters of men " (Cainites) 
 commingled and became corrupt ; b. Jehovah 
 says: "My spirit shall not abide in mankind 
 forever, for in their going astray they (have 
 become) flesh" (cf. 16. 7. #.); c. the highest 
 limit to life shall be 120 years; d. "it repented 
 Jehovah:" (i) repentance on man's part is sor- 
 row for self-committed sins, (2) repentance on 
 God's part is sorrow, grief for sin seen in others 
 (cf. i Sam. xv. 29); e. determination to "blot 
 
 out man from the face of the ground"; f. 
 
 but Noah found favor in the eyes of Jehovah. 
 
 2. The ark, vi. 13-22: a. materials; b. dimensions; 
 
 c. form; d. purpose; e. possibility of containing 
 all that should be saved. 
 
 3. The time of entering and contents, vii. 1-16: a. 
 
 6ooth year, 2d month, loth day of Noah's life 
 they went in; b. of clean beasts and fowls, four- 
 teen of each, of unclean, two went in ; c. food 
 for all these, (vi. 21); d. eight persons. 
 34 
 
POST-DILUVIAN. 36 
 
 The duration of the deluge, vii. 17 viii. 14: a. 
 fountains of the great deep broken up in the 
 6ooth year, 2d month, i7th day of Noah's life; 
 b. rain poured 40 days and 40 nights ; c. waters 
 increased and reached their highest point by 
 150 days (vii. 24 and viii. 3); d. ark rested on 
 7th month, i7th day on the mountains of Ararat; 
 e. mountains seen on loth month, loth day;/*, 
 birds sent out ; g. Noah removed the covering ; 
 6oist year, ist month, ist day ; h. they leave the 
 craft in obist year, 2d month, 27th day thereof 
 whole duration, 375 days. 
 
 The extent of the deluge: I. for its universality: 
 a. the language of chap. vi. 17; vii. 4, 19, 21, 
 23; but (i) "earth" was used (a) of Palestine 
 alone, Joel i. 2; Ps. xliv. 3; (3) of a field, Ex. 
 xxiii. 10 ; (2) limitations (a) in Acts ii. 5: 
 "every nation under heaven;" (b) cf. Rom. i. 8: 
 "throughout the whole (known) world;" (c) 
 cf. Matt. xii. 42 : "the queen of the south came 
 from the ends of the earth;" b. the common 
 tradition among all peoples; but, this only 
 strengthens the view that all peoples are 
 the offspring of one pair. II. against its 
 universality: a. scientific difficulties : (i) amount 
 of water required, would disarrange the solar 
 system; (2) vegetation would perish in such 
 continued submergence; (3) fish would not 
 survive in foreign waters ; b. practical difficul- 
 ties: (i) collecting of such animals as the sloth, 
 
36 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 polar bear and kangaroo; (2) preservation of 
 120,000 kinds of insects; (3) preservation of 
 100,000 species of plants; c. physical eviden- 
 ces: (i) undisturbed volcanic remains at Au- 
 vergne, France; (2) certified age of trees in 
 Mexico and Senegal; d. probable similar geo- 
 logic movements in the past; e. the real pur- 
 pose of the deluge, see No. 6. 
 
 6. The purpose of the deluge: to destroy the un- 
 
 godly from the face of the earth, cf. vi. 7; Matt, 
 xxiv. 38-39; 2 Pet. ii. 5. 
 
 7. Have we two Biblical accounts of the deluge? 
 
 8. The Babylonian account: a. give its similarities 
 
 to the Biblical account; b. give its dissimilari- 
 ties; c. the chief characteristics of each. 
 
 p. Other noteworthy traditions of the deluge: a. 
 Greek; b. Scandinavian; c. Iranian; d. Cym- 
 ric; e. Indian. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chaps. 10 and n. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 69-74. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 5 and 6. 
 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 7 and 8. 
 
 Lenormant, Beginnings, chaps. 7 and 8, and App. v 
 
 Dawson, The Historical Deluge, 1895. 
 
 Davis, Gen. and Sem. Tradition, chaps. 10-12. 
 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Genesis, chap. 7. 
 
 Howorth, Mammoth and the Flood. 
 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. iv. 
 
 Cave, Inspiration of the Old Testament, pp. 44-69. 
 
POST-DILUVIAN. 37 
 
 2O. THE SECOND BEGINNING GEN. VIII. 15 IX. 
 
 1. Events immediately upon landing: a. first altar; 
 
 b. sacrifice; c. divine promise; d. blessing; e. 
 command to multiply. 
 
 2. All living things put under man's surveillance: a. 
 
 to command; b. to use for food. 
 
 3. Capital punishment established, blood for blood. 
 
 4. Covenant on God's part: a. not to cut off all life 
 
 again with a flood; b. the bow in the clouds 
 to be the token of this covenant. 
 
 5. Noah's shame : a. a husbandman ; b. was drunken ; 
 
 c. Ham's disrespect; d. regard of Shem and 
 Japheth. 
 
 6. Noah's wrath and prophecy : a. against Ham's 
 
 son, Canaan, probably because he particularly 
 embodied and was to perpetuate the spirit of 
 his father, (cf. Deut. xx. 17); b. blesses Jeho- 
 vah, God of Shem, (the Jews), Canaan to be 
 his servant; c. may God enlarge Japheth 
 (Aryan peoples), and may he (Japheth) enjoy 
 the hospitalities of Shem, (including service to 
 his God), and may Canaan serve him; d. ob- 
 serve (i) wrath begins and ends the utterance, 
 (2) Canaan the lowest of servants is to be ser- 
 vant to all, (3) that this prediction receives a re- 
 markable fulfillment in history. 
 
 7. Age and death of Noah: 950 years, 350 after the 
 
 deluge. 
 
 8. Beginnings in this section : a. new race ; b. altar ; 
 
 c. bloody sacrifice; d. capital punishment; e, 
 
38 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 flesh for food ; f. promise by nature bow in 
 the cloud; g. drunkenness; h. prediction by 
 man. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap, 12 in part. 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. ii. sec. 4. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 7. 
 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 9. 
 
 Briggs, Messianic Prophecy, pp. 79-83, 
 
 Orelli, Old Testament Prophecy, pp. 95-103. 
 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Genesis, pp. 119-120. 
 
 Denio, F. B. The Rainbow in Genesis, Old and 
 New Test. Student, May 1890. 
 
 21. THE TABLE OF NATIONS GEN. X. 
 
 The most complete and exact table known. 
 
 1. Does it speak of individuals or of nations? a. sons 
 
 tribe ; b. used in the plural ; c. single names 
 used as nations in the Bible, in Ezek. xxvii. 
 7-15; xxxviii. 2-6. 
 
 2. // is geographical rather than ethnological. 
 
 3. The northern zone, locate and identify the sons 
 
 ofjapheth: a. Armenia; b. Media; c. Asia 
 Minor; d. Cyprus; e. Greece in Europe. 
 
 4. The Southern Zone, locate and identify the sons 
 
 of Ham: a. Cush,* southern Babylonia, south- 
 ern and southwestern coast of Arabia, and 
 Ethiopia; b. Mizraim (Egypt), northern Egypt, 
 
 *Nimrod, son of Cush, founded a great empire. He built Babel, 
 Erech, Accad and Calneh. From this, Asshur migrated northwards 
 and founded Assyria, (Mic. v. 6.) 
 

POST-DILUVIAN. 39 
 
 from Cairo to the sea, peoples along the shores 
 of Med. Sea; c. Phut (cf. Jer. xlvi. 9; Ezek. 
 xxvii. 10; xxx. 5); d. Canaan, eastern coast of 
 Med. Sea, Phoenicians, Hittites, Canaanites, etc, 
 
 5. The middle zone, locate and identify the sons of 
 
 Shem: a. Elam (highlands) east of Babylonia 
 with its capital at Shushan ; b. Asshur, Assyria 
 on the upper Tigris river; c. Arpachshad, one 
 of his posterity, Joktan, settles in southern and 
 western Arabia; d. Lud, Lydians(?) in Asia 
 Minor ; e. Aram, western Mesopotamia 
 and Syria. 
 
 6. .Note the omissions : a. no descendants of Phut, 
 
 son of Ham ; b. no descendants of Elam, As- 
 shur or Lud, sons of Shem ; c. the descendants 
 of Peleg, ancestor of the Hebrews, are reserved 
 for a later table (Gen. xi. 18 sq.) 
 
 7. Source and direction of early migrations: from 
 
 central south-western Asia east, west and south. 
 7. Scientific evidences of racial affinity and unity: 
 
 a. physiognomy; b. physiology; c. language; 
 
 d. psychology; e. religious nature. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Sayce, Races of O. T., chap. 3. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 75. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 8. 
 Cave, Inspiration of the Old Testament, lee. 3. 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 134-9. 
 Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog. pp. 23-27. 
 Davis, Gen. and Sem. Trad., chap. 13. 
 
39a OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Schrader, E., Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old 
 
 Testament, vol. i. pp. 61-103. 
 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Monuments, pp. 119-152. 
 Ryle, Early Narratives of Gen. , chap. 8. 
 
 22. THE TOWER OF BABEL AND THE DISPERSION. 
 GENo XI. 1-9. 
 
 1. Why does this follow chapter x.f having indi- 
 
 cated the separate locations of the race, the 
 writer now tells how the separation occurred. 
 
 2. The -power of the post-diluvian race : a. one people 
 
 with one language; b. in a most fruitful valley; 
 c. with one purpose (vs. 6). 
 
 3. Location of the event: a. "in the land ofShinar" 
 
 b. where bricks were used for stone, and bitu- 
 men for mortar; c. in lower Babylonia. 
 
 4. Purpose of the tower: a. to be a national rallying 
 
 point (vs. 4); b. to be a monument to their 
 skill ; c. probably to become a center of rebel- 
 lion against Jehovah (vs. 6). 
 
 5 . God '5 means of stopping the building : a. confusion 
 
 of the language (disease of the mouth?), 
 thereby scattering the peoples. 
 
 6. Traditions of a similar event among other peoples : 
 
 a. Egypt; b. Babylon; c. Greece. 
 
 7. "Birs-Nimroud" probably identical with the an- 
 
 cient tower of Babel. See Rawlinson. 
 
 8. Was the origin of different languages due to a 
 
 miracle? 
 

 , 
 
POST-DILUVIAN. 89b 
 
 Rem. On the value of all these ethnic traditions, 
 cf. Cave, Inspiration of the Old Testament, pp. 89-103. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 17. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 3, sec. 2. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 8. 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. n. 
 Schrader, Cun. Ins. and O. T., vol. i. pp. 103-114. 
 Smith, Chaldean Genesis, p. 160 sq. 
 Lenormant, Langue Primitive de la Chaldde 
 Rawlinson, Ancient Monarchies, vol. i. p. 21. for 
 
 Birs Nimroud. 
 Davis, Gen. and Sem. Tradition, chap. 14. 
 
 ' 
 
THIRD PERIOD. 
 
 PATRIARCHAL. CALL OF ABRAHAM TO 
 DESCENT INTO EGYPT. B. C. 1921-1706. 
 
 23. ABRAHAM'S CALL AND WANDERINGS GEN, 
 XL 10 xiii. 1 8. 
 
 1. Descendant of Shem xi. 10-26. 
 
 2. First remove, from Ur of Chaldees xi. 27-32: 
 
 a. location; b. population; c. associates; 
 d. religion, Josh. xxiv. 2, 14. 
 
 3. Second remove -, from Haran xii. 1-4: a. loca- 
 
 tion; b. associates; c. promise of God. 
 
 4. First journey through Canaan xii. 5-9: a. 
 
 builds altar in Shechem, promise to Abraham's 
 seed; b. Bethel, an altar built, calls on the 
 name of Jehovah; c. South country. 
 
 5. Sojourning in Egypt xii. 10-20: a. famine drives 
 
 him thence; b. deception of Pharaoh; c. 
 plagues on Pharaoh; d. Abraham treated 
 kindly why? 
 
 6. Return to Canaan xiii. 1-4: a. companions 
 
 and wealth; b. South country; c. Bethel, 
 old altar, calls of Jehovah. 
 
 7. Separation of Abraham and Lot xiii.5 sq.^.great- 
 
 ncss of herds; b. strife of herdsmen; c. Lot 
 40 
 

PATRIARCHAL. y 41 
 
 takes circle of Jordan; d, Abraham takes Ca- 
 naan (probably the hill-country);*, promise 
 repeated to Abraham; /. Abraham removes 
 to Oaks of Mamre, builds an altar there. 
 
 8. Contemporaneous history: a. Ur of Chaldees ; b. 
 
 at Haran; c. in Canaan; d. in Egypt. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chaps. 13-16. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 76, 77. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. lOand II. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 100-105. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. I and 2. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 33-35. 
 
 Tomkins, Abraham and his Age, chaps. 1-12. 
 
 Mozley, Lectures on O. T., Lee. I. 
 
 Deane, Abraham, Men of the Bible. 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 73-82. 
 
 Sayce, The Egypt of the Hebrews, chap. i. 
 
 Loftus, Chaldsea and Susiana, pp. 128-134. 
 
 24. ABRAHAM'S SETTLED LIFE IN CANAAN GEN. 
 xiv xxiii. 
 
 1. Invasion by the kings of the East xiv. 1-17 : a. 
 
 subdued territory; b. years of subjection and 
 revolt; c. territory invaded; d. disaster to 
 the cities of the plain; e. Abraham's pursuit 
 and victory. 
 
 2. Melchizedek xiv. 18-20: a. office; b. blessing 
 
 upon Abraham; c. tithe observed (origin?); 
 d. who was Melchizedek? cf. Heb. vii. i-u. 
 
42 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Abraham's vision xv: a. seed to be as stars of 
 
 heaven; b. believed Jehovah righteous- 
 ness, vs. 6; c. sacrifice and vision, seed in 
 bondage 400 years; d. to possess from river 
 of Egypt to the great river. 
 
 4. Story of Hagar xvi: a. Egyptian hand-maid; 
 
 b. flees to the wilderness; c. first mention of 
 the Angel of Jehovah promise to Hagar; d. 
 return and birth of Ishmael. 
 
 5 . Renewed promise and rite of circumcision xvii 
 
 xviii. 15: a. great seed and possession of Ca- 
 naan; b. rite of circumcision established in 
 Israel, (found among other peoples?); c. ap- 
 pearance of three angels, their errand. 
 
 6. Fate of Sodom xviii. 16 xix. 38: a. announced 
 
 by three angels; b. Abraham's plea; c. two 
 angelic guests of Lot; d. Sodomites charge 
 on his house, blindness; e. early escape of 
 Lot and family; f. fate of Lot's wife ; g. city 
 destroyed by fire and brimstone (explain); 
 h. Lot's incestuous posterity. 
 
 7. AbrahamandAbimelech xx xxi. 21 : a. Abra- 
 
 ham deceives Abimelech; b. Abimelech's 
 vision; c. kind treatment of Abraham; d. 
 birth of Isaac; e. expulsion of Hagar and 
 Ishmael; f. distress of Hagar; g. covenant 
 between Abraham and Abimelech; h. origin 
 of Beer-sheba. 
 

PATRIARCHAL. 43 
 
 8. Sacrifice of Isaac xxii: a. to prove Abraham; 
 
 b. journey; c. locality (Moriah); d. tragedy 
 averted by substitute; e. promise renewed. 
 
 NOTE Human sacrifices, prevalence in Old Test, times; cf. 
 Sunday School Times, Feb. 19, 1887; Mozley, Lee. 3; Kalisch, 
 Com. on Lev. i, pp. 323-396. 
 
 9. Death and burial of Sarah xxiii: a. aged 127 
 
 years; b. Abraham bought the cave of Mach- 
 pelah from a Hittite; c. Sarah buried therein. 
 
 10. Character of Abraham: a. faithful to God and 
 
 man; b. skilled in business; c. self-possessed 
 and generous; d. exemplary patriarch in 
 every way. 
 
 11. Contemporaneous History: a. in the East; . 
 
 Hittites; c. Philistines. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 17. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 78. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 12-14. 
 Tomkins, Abraham and his Age, chaps. 13, 14. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. I and 2 in part. 
 Gun. Inscrip. and OH Test, vol. i. pp. 120-123. 
 Sayce, Patriarchal Palestine, chaps. 1-4. 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Mon. , pp. 158-94. 
 McCurdy, Hist, Proph. and Mon., 106-114. 
 
 $25. CAREER OF ISAAC GEN. XXIV XXVIII. 9; 
 XXXV. 28. 
 
 I. Finding of Rebekah xxiv: a. oath of the ser- 
 vant; b. journey to Mesopotamia; c. kin of 
 
44 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Nahor, Abraham's brother; d. return with 
 Rebekah; she meets Isaac. 
 
 2. Last days of Abraham xxv. i-n: a. another 
 
 wife and posterity; b. death and burial in 
 Machpelah. 
 
 3. Isaac's sons, Jacob and Esau xxv. 19-34; 
 
 xxvi. 34,35: a. character of the boys; b. 
 birthright of Esau sold to Jacob ; c. Esau's 
 wives Hittites. 
 
 4. Isaac in Gerar xxvi: a. famine in Canaan; B. 
 
 Jehovah's promise, warned against Egypt; c. 
 deceives men of Gerar; d. strife over the 
 wells at Gerar; e. oath and peace. 
 
 5. Isaac's blessing stolen by Jacob xxvii: a. Isaac's 
 
 request for venison; b. Rebekah 's intrigue 
 for Jacob; c. Jacob's success and blessing; 
 d. Esau's grief; e. Jacob sent to Paddan- 
 aram for a wife. 
 
 6. Isaac's death and burial xxxv. 28, 29: a. after 
 
 Jacob's return; b. buried by both Jacob and 
 
 Esau. 
 /. Isaac's character: a. faith in God; b. retiring; 
 
 c. not forceful; d. submissive, peaceful. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 18. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. 2. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 15 and 16. 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 22 and 23. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 2, last part. 
 

PATRIARCHAL. 45 
 
 Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Isaac and Ishmael. 
 Rawlinson, Isaac and Jacob, pp. 1-69. 
 
 26. THE WANDERINGS OF JACOB TO THE STORY 
 OF JOSEPH GEN. XXVIII. IO XXXV. 2?. 
 
 1. Flight to Haran xxviii. 10-22: a. vision at 
 
 Bethel; b. pillar set up; c. vow to Jehovah 
 tithe (cf. xiv. 20). 
 
 2. Sojourn with Laban, his uncle xxix. I xxxi. 
 
 16: a. shepherd; b. service for Rachel and 
 Leah; c. Laban's deceit; d. Jacob's children, 
 (xxxv. 23-26); e. Jacob's shrewdness in 
 caring for the flock; f. his wealth. 
 
 3. Jacob's flight from Laban xxxi. 17-55: a. un- 
 
 awares, he leaves with his all; b. pursuit by 
 Laban; c. Jacob overtaken in Gilead; d. 
 vain search for the teraphim; e. "heap of wit- 
 ness" set up; /. peaceful separation. 
 
 4. Esau ahead xxxii xxxiii. 17: a. messengers 
 
 to Esau; b. their return, report, and prayer 
 of Jacob; c. present sent to Esau ; </. division 
 of families and flocks; e. wrestling with the 
 angel at Penuel and Jacob named Israel; /. 
 joyful meeting with Esau; g. Esau receives 
 presents and returns in peace. 
 
 NOTE Esau's posterity is given in chap, xxxvi. 
 
 5. Jacob at Shechem xxxiii. 18 xxxiv. 31: a. 
 
 bought ground; b. built an altar; c. Dinah 
 disgraced; d. design of Jacob's sons, and 
 despoiling of Shechem. 
 
46 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 6. Jacob at Bethel xxxv. 1-20: a. all strange gods 
 
 to be put away; b. Bethel reached; c. De- 
 borah dies; d. renewed promise; e. birth of 
 Benjamin and death of Rachel on way to 
 Ephrath. 
 
 7. Characteristics of Jacob and Esau. 
 
 8. Contrast the characters of Abraham and Jacob. 
 
 9. Give outline of Jacob's journeyings. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 18 in part. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. 3. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 16-18. 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 24 and 25. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 3. 
 Smith, O. T. History, chap. 8. 
 Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Jacob, Esau, Leah 
 
 and Rachel, Judah. 
 
 Meyer, F. B., Israel, a Prince with God. 
 Rawlinson, Isaac and Jacob, pp. 70-136. 
 Tomkins, Times of Joseph, chaps, i. and ii. 
 
 27. JACOB AND JOSEPH TO DESCENT INTO EGYPT. 
 GEN. XXXVII XLV. 
 
 1. Joseph *s sale to the Midianites xxxvii: a. age 
 
 of Joseph; b. Joseph's two dreams; c. visit 
 to his brethren; d. disposal of him, pit, sale; 
 e. caravan routes. 
 
 2. Judah's unfaithfulness xxxviii. 
 
 3- Joseph sold and imprisoned xxxix. xl: a. slave 
 
PATRIARCHAL. 47 
 
 of Potiphar; b. his favor; c. falsely charged 
 and imprisoned; d. favor in prison; e. inter- 
 prets dream of butler and baker fulfilled. 
 
 4. Josephs release and promotion, xli : a. inter- 
 
 prets Pharaoh's dreams; b. becomes second 
 officer in the kingdom; c. charge of crops, 
 storehouses; d. marries daughter of an Egyp- 
 tian priest; e. famine on hand. 
 
 5. Jacob's distress and appeal to Egypt, xlii xlv: 
 
 a. ten sons go to Egypt for corn; b. rough 
 reception and return; c. second trip with 
 Benjamin: d. feast and favor at Joseph's 
 hands; e. return hindered by intrigue; f. 
 Judah's matchless plea; g. Joseph reveals 
 himself; h. arrangements for transfer to 
 to Egypt of Jacob's house. 
 
 6. Egypt before the Hebreiv sojourn: Geikie, vol. 
 
 ii. 2: a. early history; b. religion; c. polit- 
 ical relations. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i., chap. 19; vol. ii., chaps, i and 2 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 79-81. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 19-21. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., I34-4 1 - 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 4 in part. 
 
 Tomkins, Times of Joseph, chaps, iii.-vii. 
 
 Sayce, Egypt of the Hebrews, chap. i. 
 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. vi. 
 
 Rawlinson, Isaac and Jacob, pp. 137-157. 
 
FOURTH PERIOD. 
 
 BONDAGE. DESCENT INTO EGYPT TO THE 
 EXODUS. B. C. 1706-1491- 
 
 28. DESCENT AND SETTLEMENT IN EGYPT GEN. 
 XLVI L. 
 
 1. Journey to Egypt , xlvi: a. renewed promise; 
 
 b. number who went down; c. meeting of 
 Israel and Joseph. 
 
 2. Pharaoh's favor to Israel, xlvii xlviii: a, as- 
 
 signed to Goshen; b. Joseph's authority; c. 
 Israel's age; d. Joseph's sons blessed by Is- 
 rael. 
 
 3. Egypt: Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 41,42: 
 
 a. boundaries; b. extent; c. characteristics; 
 d. history; e. present rulers. 
 
 4. Land of Goshen, Geikie, vol. ii. chap. I : a. lo- 
 
 cation; b. size; c. seasons; d. products. 
 
 5. Israel's prophecy in regard to his twelve sons, 
 
 xlix. 1-27: characterize each son(cf.Deut. xxxiii.) 
 
 6. Israel's death, xlix. 28 1. \$\ a. command for 
 
 burial; b. embalmed; c. caravan to Canaan; 
 d. buried in Machpelah; e. fear of Joseph's 
 brethren. 
 
 7. Joseph's death, 1. 15-26 a. prophecy; b. death; 
 
 c. embalming. 
 
 8. Character of Joseph. 
 
 48 
 
THE BONDAGE. 49 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 19 in part. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 82-89. 
 Edersheim, Bib. History, vol. i. chap. 22 and 23; 
 
 vol. ii. chap. I. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 143-153- 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 4, i. 
 Tomkins, Times of Joseph, chaps, viii.-xii., xv. 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities and Bib. Countries, chap.i. 2-5. 
 
 THE SOJOURN IN EGYPT EXODUS I-X. 
 
 I . Reigning power in Egypt at this time: a. at 
 descent of Jacob; b. after death of Joseph. 
 
 2. Religion of Egypt: a. nature worship; b. ex- 
 
 tensive ritual; c. numerous priesthood. 
 
 3. Servitude of Israel, i. 8 ii. 10: a. beginning, 
 
 due to what? b. what kinds of work? c. at- 
 tempted suppression of increase; d. Moses* 
 preservation, attempted deliverance and flight 
 to Midian. 
 
 4. Moses* training, ii. ii iv. 18: a. among the 
 
 flocks of Jethro; b. bush of flaming fire; c. 
 command of Jehovah for Israel; d. two signs 
 to Moses of success; e. Aaron's help assured. 
 
 5. Moses* return and first appeal to Pharaoh , iv. 
 
 1 8 vii. 13: a. events on the way back; 
 
 b. Moses,and Aaron's vain appeal to Pharaoh; 
 
 c. increase of the burdens bricks without 
 straw; d. Jehovah's assurance of success; e. 
 signs before Pharaoh rods, explain* 
 
50 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 6. First nine plagues, vii. I4-X.2Q: A.(/) blood no 
 effect; (2) frogs Pharaoh calls ; (j) lice no 
 effect; (^) flies Pharaoh calls; (5) murrain 
 no effect; (6) boils no effect; (7) hail 
 Pharaoh calls; (8) locusts Pharaoh calls; 
 (p) darkness Pharaoh calls. 
 B. Observe: a. Pharaoh calls for Moses and 
 Aaron five times; b. Pharaoh's heart is hard 
 (obstinate) in (i), (3) and (5); c. Pharaoh 
 made hard his heart in (2), (4) and (7); d. 
 Jehovah hardened his heart in (6), (8) and (9) 
 only; e. concessions of Pharaoh after (4), (7), 
 (8) and (9) ; /. natural explanations for these 
 plagues? g. gods insulted by each plague? 
 Literature: 
 
 Greikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 3-5. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 90-93. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 2-6. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 165. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 4 in part. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 41, 42. 
 
 Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, Introduction. 
 
 Rawlinson, Life and Times of Moses, Men of Bible. 
 
 Wilson, In Scripture Lands, pp. 1-22. 
 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Mon., chap. 5- 
 
 Naville, E., Store-City of Pithom. 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 83-125. 
 
 Budge, Dwellers on the Nile, chaps, iv. and vi. 
 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. ix. 
 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities and Bib. Countries, chap. i. 
 
FIFTH PERIOD. 
 
 WANDERINGS. EXODUS TO CROSSING 
 THE JORDAN. B. C. 1491-1451- 
 
 $30. THE EXODUS. EXODUS XI-XV. 21 . 
 
 1. Preliminary to the tenth plague, xi: a. asking 
 
 of Egyptians, why? b. threat told to Israel; 
 c. result foretold. 
 
 2. Passover established, y$\. 1-2 8,42-5 1, xiii. i-io: 
 
 a. times set first month of year, tenth day; 
 
 b. preparation of lamb, on I4th day; c. dis- 
 posal of the blood; d. purpose of same; e. 
 manner of eating; /. exact time of eating; 
 g. memorial to be observed; h. typical sig- 
 nificance. 
 
 3. The tenth plague, xii. 29-36; a. at midnight; 
 
 b. first-born of man and beast slain; c. call 
 of Pharaoh for Moses and Aaron; d. com- 
 mand to Israel to leave; c. they start 
 spoiling Egyptians. 
 
 4. The march to the sea, xii. 37 xiv. 14; a. as- 
 
 sembling of hosts of Israel; b. journey from 
 Rameses to Succoth 600,000 men, armed; 
 
 c. sanctification of first-born; d. bones of 
 Joseph with them; e. from Succoth to 
 Etham; /. fire and pillar of cloud; g. before 
 
 51 
 
52 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, 
 before Baal-zephon ; h. Pharaoh's pursuit 
 600 chariots; i. Israel's cry to Jehovah. 
 
 5 . The crossing^ xiv. 1 5-3 1 : a. assurance of de- 
 
 liverance; b. pillar between the two camps; 
 c. Moses' rod over the sea; d. all night wind 
 drove back the waters; e. Israel passes over 
 on dry land; /. fatal result to the Egyptians; 
 g. Israel's strengthened belief in Jehovah. 
 
 6. The route or place of crossing (see Harper and 
 
 Trumbull): a. not in N. as advocated formerly 
 by Brugsch; b. not at present N. end of Red 
 Sea; c. but probably at Lake Timsah; d. three 
 days from Elim. 
 
 7. Moses* Song, xv. 1-2 1 : a. analyze it care- 
 
 fully; b. chief thought; c. references to out- 
 side peoples; d. purpose of the song. 
 
 8. Contemporaneous history: a. waning of Egypt's 
 
 power; b. revolts of their foreign depend- 
 encies; c. advantage to Israel of these things. 
 
 9. Effects of Bondage on Israel. See Blaikie, chap. 
 
 v., sec. 5. 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii., chap. 6. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 94-100. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii., chap. 7 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 166-7. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 5. 
 Rawlinson, Life and Times of Moses. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. x. 
 
WANDERINGS. 53 
 
 Harper, H. A., Bible and Modern Disc., pp. 77-177* 
 
 Brugsch, H., The Route of the Exodus. 
 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities and Bible Countries, chap. i. 9. 
 
 Trumbull, Kadesh Barnea, pp. 325-430. 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 126-30. 
 
 Dawson, Mod. Science in Bib. Lands, chaps. vL, viL 
 
 Ebers, Geo., "Uarda"; Joshua." 
 
 Naville, The Store-City of Pithom. 
 
 Drysdale, Early Bible Songs, pp. 39-58. 
 
 $31. THE MARCH TO SINAI EX. XV. 22 XVIII. 2/. 
 
 1. The wilderness: a. location, boundary, size; b. 
 
 natural features; c. inhabitants, then and to- 
 day. 
 
 2. Numbers, condition and spirit of Israel. 
 
 3. Halts at Mar ah and Elim, xv. 22-27. * travel 
 
 through Shur (wall); b. bitter water made 
 sweet at Marah; c. covenant of Jehovah 
 there; d. Elim. 
 
 4. In the wilderness of Sin, xvi. 1-36; a. arrival 
 
 on 1 5th day of 2d month; b. murmur of Israel 
 against Moses; c. Jehovah's reply; d. quails 
 in evening whence? e. manna in morning 
 its character;^ regulations for gathering it. 
 
 5. In Rephidim^ xvii. i xviii. 27: a. no water; b. 
 
 strife of people with Moses; c. Horeb smit- 
 ten water; d. Amalek defiant; e. Israel un- 
 der Joshua victorious; /. fate of Amalek pro- 
 nounced. 
 
54 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 6. Jethro, xviii. 1-27: a. father-in-law to Moses; 
 
 b. Jethro recognizes Jehovah as great; c. ad- 
 vises division of labor; d. Moses follows ad- 
 vice. 
 
 7. Ancient modes of travel. 
 
 Literature : 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 7 and 8. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 6, sec. i. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 7 and 8. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 6. 
 
 " Sinai and Palestine, Part I. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 40-45. 
 Rawlinson, Moses, his Life and Times. 
 Bartlett, Forty Days in the Desert. 
 Palmer, The Desert of the Exodus, 2 vols. 
 Palmer, E. H., Desert of the Tih. 
 Palmer, H. S., Sinai. 
 Field, H. M., On the Desert. 
 
 $32. DOINGS AT SINAI IN BOOK OF EXODUS 
 XIX-XL. 
 
 1 . Site of Sinai) time of arrival, and distance from 
 
 Egypt? xix. i, 2. 
 
 2. First doings, xix. 3-25: a. Jehovah appears 
 
 to Moses in mount; b. people covenant with 
 Jehovah; c. Jehovah appears to Moses in 
 mount second time; d. people sanctified by 
 Moses; e. thunderings the third day; /. Jeho- 
 vah appears to Moses third time in the 
 mount; g. gives charge to the people. 
 

WANDERINGS. 55 
 
 3. Ten Commandment 's, xx. 2-17; a. spoken di- 
 
 rectly to the people; b. analyze the command- 
 ments; c. compare them with Deut. v. 6-21; 
 d. fear of the people; e. Moses to be the 
 mediator between Israel and Jehovah. 
 
 4. Civil laws,-xx.\ xxiii. 13, 18-33. <z. servants; 
 
 b. manslaughter; c. stealing; d. unintentional 
 acts; e. idolatry, etc., etc. 
 
 5. The feasts, xxiii. 14-17 ; Lev. xxiii.; Num. 
 
 xxviii-xxix. : a. unleavened bread or passover 
 time? b. first-fruits, or pentecost, or weeks, 
 or wheat harvest time? c. ingatherings or 
 tabernacles time? d. give significance of 
 each. 
 
 6. Moses, xxiv: a. builds an altar; b. offers up 
 
 offerings; c. forty days and nights in the 
 mount, fourth ascent; d. leaves the people 
 with Aaron and Hur. 
 
 7. Tent of meeting, Ex. xxv xxxi., xxxv xl: 
 
 ( I) Tabernacle. I. Holy of Holies: a. ark; 
 b. mercy seat; <:. cherubim. II. Holy place: 
 a. altar of incense; b. table and vessels; c. 
 candlestick and vessels. III. Court: a. great 
 altar; b. laver of brass. (2) Priests' gar- 
 ments. (3) Oil of anointing. (4) dedication: 
 
 a. time; b. services; c. cloud and glory. 
 
 8. Golden calf, xxxii: a. Moses' delay in the mount; 
 
 b. Israel murmurs; c. calf made by Aaron; 
 d. return of Moses; e. breaking of tables; f. 
 anger of Jehovah; g. plea of Moses. 
 
56 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 9. Glory of Jehovah appears to Moses, Ex. xxxiii 
 xxxiv: a. intent; b. in cleft of rock ; c. Moses 
 hews two tables of stone; d. ascends (5th 
 time) the mount; e. numerous commands for 
 Israel; /. face of Moses shines. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 9 and 10. 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 6, sec. 2. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 10-13. 
 
 Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 23. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. /. 
 
 Rawlinson, Moses, his Life and Times. 
 
 Harper, Bible and Modern Disc, on Site of Sinai. 
 
 Gardiner, O. and N. T. in Mut. Relations, Lees, v., vi. 
 
 Boardman, The Ten Commandments. 
 
 Green, W. H., The Hebrew Feasts. 
 
 Edersheim, The Laws and Polity of the Jews. 
 
 Paine, The Temple of Solomon, 
 
 33. DOINGS AND LAWS GIVEN AT SINAI IN LEV. 
 AND NUM. I IX. 
 
 1. Offerings, Lev. i x; Num. xvi: (i) Kinds: a. 
 
 sin; b. burnt; c. meal; d. peace; e. guilt or 
 trespass. (2) Significance: a. sin expia- 
 tory; b. burnt self-dedicatory; c. meal and 
 (d) peace thanksgiving; e. trespass expi- 
 atory. Cf. Rom. iii. 25; I Cor. i. 30. 
 
 2. Foods prohibited and permitted, Lev. xi: (read 
 
 only). 
 
 3. Laws of purification, Lev. xii xxii; Num. v. 
 
 xix (read only). 
 
WANDERINGS. 57 
 
 4. Sabbatical and jubilee years, Lev. xxv : a. laws of 
 
 work ; b. laws of redemption ; c. application 
 to the stranger. 
 
 5 . Enumeration of Israel and order of encampment ', 
 
 Num. \ iv: a. number of Levites; b. work 
 . of Levites; c. order of tribes in camp. 
 
 6. Nazarite vow, Num. vi: a. special prohibitions; 
 
 b. special work; c. special significance; d. 
 some of the greatest Nazarites in history. 
 
 7. Dedication of the altar, vii., viii: a. order of 
 
 tribes followed; b. sum of offerings; c. cleans- 
 ing of the Levites. 
 
 8. First passover observance ', ix.-x. 10: a. time; b. 
 
 commands; c. accompaniments; d. trumpet 
 
 commands. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Edersheim, Bib. History, vol. ii. chaps. 14 and 15. 
 Kellogg, Expositor's Bible, Leviticus. 
 Cave, Scriptural Doctrine of Sacrifice. 
 34. FROM SINAI TO THE ARNON NUM. X. II 
 XXL 13. 
 
 1 . Time of departure and order of march. 
 
 2. First halts, x. n xiiitf. Taberah, or Kibroth 
 
 -hattaavah; b. murmurings of Israel; c. fire 
 from Jehovah; d. cry for flesh; e. seventy 
 elders appointed; f. prophets in camp; g. 
 surfeit of quails; h. plague therefrom ; *. in 
 Hazeroth; j. Aaron and Miriam against 
 Moses; k. Miriam's leprosy. 
 
58 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Wilderness of Paran^ xiii xiv: a. twelve spies 
 
 sent out; b. extent of their search; c. return 
 and double report what was the sin of the 
 spies? d. murmur of Israel will go back to 
 Egypt; e. Jehovah will destroy Israel;/, plea 
 of Moses; g. Israel's sentence to wander 
 forty years; h. their anger set upon the Ca- 
 naanites in vain. 
 
 4. Korah and his host, xvi: a. 250 princes against 
 
 Moses and Aaron jealous ambition; b. 
 Moses' test of his mission; c. earth swallows 
 the host of Dathan and Abiram; d. fire from 
 Jehovah on 250 burners of strange incense 
 Korahites; e. plague slays 14,700. 
 
 5. Priesthood of Levites established, xvii xviii; a. 
 
 test of the rods; b. budding of Aaron's; c. 
 charge of offerings put in Aaron's hands; d. 
 tithe of Israel to Levi; e. Levi to give of his 
 tithe a tithe. 
 
 6. Wilderness of Zin, xx. 1-13: a. death of Mir- 
 
 iam; b. people murmur for water; c. rock 
 smitten; d. Moses and Aaron punished for 
 disobedience. 
 
 Probably a blank of thirty-seven years between 
 verses ij and 14. of chap. xx. 
 
 7. Kadesh and Mt. Hor,"xx. 14 xxi. 3: a. Edom's 
 
 refusal to Israel's request; b. Aaron's death 
 and successor; c. Canaanites destroyed by 
 Israel. 
 

WANDERINGS. 59 
 
 8. Horto Arnon, xxi. 4-15: a. Red Sea Ezion 
 -geber; b. east of Mt. Seir; c. fiery ser- 
 pents; d. serpent of brass use in New Test- 
 ament; e. stations near Arnon; f. loca- 
 tion of Arnon; g. Book of Wars of Jehovah. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. n. 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 6, sec. 3 and 4. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. i6-2I. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 8, i. 
 
 Wilson, E. L., In Scripture Lands, pp. 53-132. 
 
 Trumbull, Kadesh Barnea, N. Y., 1884. 
 
 Price, Ira M., Lost writings quoted and referred to 
 in the Old Testament, Bibliotheca Sa- 
 cra, April, 1889. 
 
 35. CONQUESTS EAST OF THE JORDAN NUM. 
 
 xxi. 13 xxxvi. 13. 
 
 1. Victory over Sihon, king of the Amorites, xxi. 
 
 13-32: a. request of Sihon; b. Sihon's refusal 
 and charge; c. Israel's victory; d. Heshbon; 
 e. ancient poems in verses 27-30. 
 
 2. Victory over Og, king of Bashan, xxi. 33-35: 
 
 a. country of Bashan; b. people; c. capital; 
 d. Israel's victory. 
 
 3. Story of JBalaam,xxii-iv:(i). Bamoth-baal: a. 
 
 seven altars; b. offerings; c. parable; d. 
 analyze. (2). Pisgah: a. altars; b. offerings: 
 c. parable; d. analyze. (3). Peor: a. altars; 
 
60 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 b. offerings; c. parable; d. analyze. (4). 
 Spirit of Jehovah upon him: a. prophetic 
 vision of future events. 
 
 NOTE a. the advance in the thought of the four poems; b. 
 character of Balaam as depicted in the Bible; c. explaia this phe- 
 nomenon. 
 
 5 . Sin of Israel with Moab, xxv : a . alliances with 
 
 Baal-peor; b. plague on Israel; c. Eleazar's 
 means of staying the same. 
 
 6. Sum of Israel, xxvi: a. 601,730 and 23,000 
 
 Levites, cf. with Num. i iv. 
 
 7. Inheritance of the daughters of Manasseh, xxvii. 
 
 xxxvi: a. among their brethren; b. general 
 law of inheritance. 
 
 8. Israel V vengeance on the Moabites and Midian- 
 
 ites, xxxi: a. number of soldiers; b. accom- 
 paniments; c. victory and slain Balaam; d. 
 booty $146,730 in gold. 
 
 9. Allotments to Reuben, Gad and half -tribe of 
 
 Manasseh, xxxii: a. requests of these three; 
 b. conditions of granting their request; c. 
 size and boundaries of east of the Jordan. 
 
 10. Cities of Refuge, xxxv: a. reason for such; b. 
 
 their number; c. location; d. inhabitants; c. 
 
 laws regulating their use. 
 Literature; 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 12. 
 Blaikie, chap. 6, sees. 5 and 6. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 1-3. 
 

 
 
WANDERINGS. 61 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 8 and 9. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 47,48. 
 
 Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, chaps. 7 and 8. 
 
 Merrill, East of the Jordan. 
 
 Thomson, Land and Book, vol. iii. chaps. 12-18. 
 
 Tristram, Land of Moab. 
 
 Porter, Giant Cities of Bashan. 
 
 Schumacher, Across the Jordan. 
 
 Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Balaam. 
 
 Hengstenberg on Balaam, in Com. on Daniel. 
 
 Wilberforce, Heroes of Hebrew History. 
 
 36. FINAL REVIEW AND DEATH OF MOSES 
 DEUTERONOMY. 
 
 1. Review of past forty years, \ iii: #. wilderness 
 
 and Kadesh; b. journey to Arnon and victory 
 over Amorites; c. Og smitten, and Joshua 
 made successor to Moses. 
 
 2. Exhortations, iv. 1-40. 
 
 3. Cities of refuge east of Jordan^ iv. 41-43. 
 
 4. The ten commandments, w. commentary thereon, 
 
 iv. 44 xxvi. 19: a. circumstances of delivery; 
 b. ten commandments; c. commentary on 
 them, v. 22 xii. 3; d. laws of religion in 
 general, xii. 4 xvi. 17; e. laws regulating 
 government, xvi. 18 xxi. 23 \f. laws regulat- 
 ing private and social life, xxii xxvi; g. cf. 
 Ex. xxi-xxiii. 
 
62 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 5. The blessing and the curse, xxvii xxx: a. at 
 
 Ebal and Gerizim. 
 
 6. Law in the hands of the Levites, xxxi: <z. to 
 
 preserve; b. to read to the people once in 
 seven years. 
 
 7. Song of Moses, xxxii : #. analyze it; b. its char- 
 
 acter; c. its purpose. 
 
 8. Blessings upon twelve tribes, xxxiii: a. descrip- 
 
 tion or prophecy? b. compare tribe for tribe 
 with Gen. xlix; c. do these words accord 
 with Israel's subsequent history ? 
 
 9. Moses* ascent to Pisgah and his death^ xxxiv: a 
 
 view of the promised land ; b. death ; c. burial 
 where? ^.successor; e. Israel's camp, where ? 
 
 10. Stages of Israelis journey from JSgypt to the 
 
 present encampment, Num. xxxiii. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Additional to 35: 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. vi. sees. 7 and 8. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 4. 
 Deuteronomy in Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible 
 Pisgah " " " " 
 
 " Tristram's Land of Moab. 
 
 Drysdale, Early Bible Songs, pp. 59-99. 
 

SIXTH PERIOD. 
 
 CONQUEST. ENTRANCE INTO CANAAN 
 TO THE JUDGES, B. C. 1451-1400. 
 
 37. THE ENTRANCE INTO CANAAN JOSH. I-IX. 
 
 1. Canaan, size, boundary, contour : see 2 and 3. 
 
 2. Inhabitants of Canaan: a. in lowlands and high- 
 
 lands; b. religion; c. nationality; d. warlike- 
 ness. 
 
 3. Joshua: I. a. early life; b. spy; c. warrior; d. 
 
 devoted to Jehovah; e. Ephraimite. II. a. 
 word of Jehovah to Joshua; b. word of Joshua 
 to people; c. role of the two and a half tribes 
 in the conquest. 
 
 4. Spies despatched to Jericho: #. purpose; . con- 
 
 dition of people of Jericho ; c. Rahab; d. 
 success of the spies. 
 
 5. Crossing, iii-iv; Ps. cxiv: a. three days for sanc^ 
 
 tification; b. order of crossing; c. twelve 
 stones carried out; d. time loth day of first 
 month. 
 
 6. Encampment in Canaan, v: a. Gilgal, Hos. iv. 
 
 15; Judg. iii. 19, 26; b. rite of circumcision 
 renewed, cf. Gen. xvii. 10-14; c. passover 
 observed; d. manna ceased, second day after 
 passover; e. vision of Joshua. 
 
 63 
 
64 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 7. Destruction of Jericho, vi; Ps. xliv. 1-3: a. or- 
 
 der of compassing the city; b. time and re- 
 sult on seventh day; c. Rahab saved, Matt. 
 i. 5; Heb. xi. 31; Jas. \\.2$\d. curse on re- 
 builder of Jericho, cf. I Kings xvi. 34. 
 
 8. Overthrow of Ai, vii viii. 29: a. first attack re- 
 
 pulsed; b. Achan's sin and punishment; c. 
 casting lot what was it? d. Ai destroyed. 
 
 9. First altar of Israel in Canaan, viii. 30-35 : a. of 
 
 unhewn stone; b. according to the law of 
 Moses; c. burnt and peace offerings; d. in 
 Ebal; e. laws all read. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 13. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 101-7. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 5-8. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. TO. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 51-54. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 182-4. 
 
 Thomson, Land and Book, vol. iii. 
 
 Deane, B., Joshua, Men of the Bible, chaps, i-v. 
 
 Sayce, Early Israel and Surrounding Nations, ch. 2. 
 
 St. Clair, Buried Cities a. Bib. Countries, pp. 114-41. 
 
 Harper, Bible and Mod. Discoveries, chap. 3. 
 
 38. THE SOUTHERN CAMPAIGN JOSHUA IX X. 
 
 1. Terror among the nations, ix. I, 2. 
 
 2. Gibeon's deceit and success , ix. 3-27: a. ambas- 
 
 sador from far-off country mention only 
 

 
CONQUEST. 65 
 
 wars east of Jordan; b. Joshua's compassion 
 and treaty; c. consequences to Gibeon; d. 
 results to Israel (cf. 2 Sam. xxi. i-u). 
 
 3. Conspiracy against Gibeon, x. 1-5: a. five 
 
 kings combine; b. besiege the fortress of 
 Gibeon. 
 
 4. Great battle at Gibeon, x. 6-14: a. Gibeonites 
 
 call to Joshua; b. Israel's night march; c. 
 onset at daybreak with the shout, "God 
 is mighty in battle, God is his name;" d. 
 defeat and pursuit to Beth-horon; e. hail- 
 stones (cf. Judg. iv. 1 5 and v. 21; i Sam. vii. 
 10) and victory. 
 
 5. Joshua's prayer, x. 12, 13: a. sun standing still 
 
 explanations (cf. Stanley, p. 221 sq.; Jo- 
 sephusBk. v. i); b. book of Jashar (cf. 2 Sam. 
 i. 18-27); c. consider that (i) it is poetry (cf. 
 Judg. v. 20; Ps. xcviii. 8 ; xcvii. $ ; Isa. Iv. 12), 
 (2) it is a quotation, (3) the doctrine of inspir- 
 ation demands only that we have an accurate 
 text of the passage quoted, cf. also Geikie, 
 vol. ii. p. 4 1 7. 
 
 6. Slaughter of the five kings, x. 16-27: a. hidden 
 
 and caught in a cave; b. brought forth and 
 trodden upon; c. slain and hanged till eve- 
 ning (cf. Deut. xxi. 23); d. buried in the cave. 
 
 7. Further conquests, x. 28-43: a. Makkedah; b. 
 
 Libnah; c. Lachish; d. Eglon; e. Hebron; 
 /. South Country; g. Kadesh Barnea to 
 Gaza; *. return to Gilgal. 
 
68 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 8. Cities and kings destroyed, xii. 9-18. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Deane, Joshua, Men of the Bible, chap. vi. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 9 and 10. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. n. 
 Price, Lost Writings, etc., Bib. Sacra, April '89, 
 on Book of Jashar. 
 
 39. THE NORTHERN CAMPAIGN JOSH. XI. 
 
 1. The Northern combination , xi. 1-5: a. leader; 
 
 b. composition of the army; c. camp, where? 
 d. first mention of Merom; e. peoples and 
 lands represented. 
 
 2. Jehovah's command and assurance to Joshua, 
 
 xi. 6. 
 
 3. Israel's attack and victory, xi. 7-1 5 : a. sudden 
 
 attack; b. surprise and rout of the enemy; c. 
 destruction of horses (first use mentioned) and 
 chariots; d. cities and spoil saved, except 
 Hazor, but people all destroyed. 
 
 4. Summary of Joshua's conquests, xi. 16-23: a. 
 
 all he met he destroyed, except the Gibeon- 
 ites; b. it was of Jehovah; c. Anakim, near 
 Hebron, destroyed. 
 
 5. Summary of kings slain, xii. 19-24. 
 
 6. The extermination of the Canaanites: a. Canaan 
 
 belonged to Jehovah to do as he chose there- 
 with; b. providential history proceeds with 
 seeming indifference to life floods,pestilence, 
 

 
 
CONQUEST. 67 
 
 famine, etc.; c. it was in accordance with an 
 explicit command of Jehovah (cf. Deut. vii. 
 1-$) that they should have been destroyed; 
 d. Arnold, in Sermons, vi. 35-37 says: "The 
 Israelites' sword, in its bloodiest executions, 
 wrought a work of mercy to all the countries 
 of the earth to the very end of the world." 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Deane, Joshua, Men of the Bible, chap. i. vii. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 12. 
 
 On Extermination of the Canaanites consult the 
 following : 
 Northrup, Dr. G. W., "The Standard," April 21, 
 
 1881. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. n, pp. 223-8. 
 Hengstenberg, Genuineness of the Pentateuch, vol. 
 
 ii. pp. 387-417- 
 Arnold, Sermons, vi. 35 sq. 
 Oehler, Old Testament Theology (Day's Trans.), 
 
 pp. 81-85. 
 Mozley, Lectures on Old Testament, Lee. 4. and 5. 
 
 $40. SETTLEMENT OF THE TRIBES JOSH. XIII 
 
 XXII. 
 
 I East of the Jordan, xiii; Num. xxxii. 1-38: a. 
 Reuben; b. Gad; c. half- tribe of Manasseh. 
 
 2. Levites and Caleb, xiv., xxi: a. Levites in cities 
 48 and suburbs; b. in cities of refuge (See 
 35, I0 ); C- distribution and number west 
 of Jordan; d. Caleb's inheritance. 
 
68 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Judah, xv: a. boundaries; b. number of cities 
 
 possessed; c. character of territory; d. chief 
 city Hebron. 
 
 4. Ephraim, xvi: a. location and boundaries; b, con- 
 
 tour of country; c. chief cities Shiloh and 
 Shechem. 
 
 5. Manassehy xvii: a. adjacent to Ephraim; b. 
 
 boundaries; c. chief city Megiddo. 
 . Tent of meeting located, (xviii. i-io) and twenty- 
 one surveyors sent out: a, Shiloh, religious 
 headquarters; b. seven tribes to be provided 
 for. 
 
 7. Benjamin, xviii. 11-28: a. boundaries; b. cities 
 
 by number; c. chief city Jerusalem. 
 
 8. Simeon, xix. 1-9: a. boundaries; b. number of 
 
 cities. 
 
 9. Zebulon t xix. 10-16: a. boundaries no water- 
 
 lines; b. number of cities. 
 
 10. Issachar, xix. 17-23: a. location; b. boundary; 
 
 c. cities. 
 
 11. Asher^ xix. 24-31: a. amount of sea coast; b. 
 
 boundary to east; c. cities. 
 
 12. Naphtali, xix. 32-39: a. sources of Jordan; b. 
 
 bound otherwise; c. cities and villages. 
 
 13. Dan, xix. 40-48: a. exact boundaries; b. size; 
 
 c. character of the country. 
 
 14. Departure of East-Jordanic tribes, xxii: a. 
 
 Joshua's charge; b. altar built at Jordan; 
 c. suspicions and wrath of West-Jordanic 
 tribes; d. interview results in peace. 
 
CONQUEST. 69 
 
 15. Draw a tribal map of Palestine, indicating for 
 each tribe: a. boundaries; b. chief cities; c. 
 principal mountain points. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. latter part of chap. 13. 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 7, sec. 3. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 1 1 and 12. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 12. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 55-59. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist, Proph. and Mon., 185-6. 
 
 Deane, Joshua, chaps, viii.-x. 
 
 JOSHUA'S DEPARTURE AND CONDITION OF 
 THE LAND. JOSHUA XXIII XXIV. 
 
 1. Joshua^ s parting words, xxiii: a. allotment of 
 
 nations to Israel; b. observe the law of Moses; 
 c. courage and victory consequent on obedi- 
 ence; d. alliance with these peoples is de- 
 struction; e. God's promises to me are ful- 
 filled; f. \i you forsake God, destruction will 
 follow. 
 
 2. Joshuas historic review and covenant ', xxiv. 2-2 8 : 
 
 a. outline history from Abraham to present; 
 
 b. call to put away other gods; c. people re- 
 solve to serve Jehovah; d. Joshua's denial 
 and covenant; e. stone set up as a witness. 
 
 3. Joshua's death, xxiv. 29-30; Judg ii. 6-10: a. 
 
 no years old; b. buried in Timnath- serah 
 in Ephraim. 
 
70 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 4. Burial of Josephs bones, xxiv. 32: a. brought 
 
 from Egypt; b. buried in Shechem; c. other 
 sacred associations at Shechem. 
 
 5. Tribes all settled: a. east of Jordan which 
 
 ones? b. west of Jordan which? c. location 
 of each tribe. 
 
 6. Remains of unconquered peoples, Judg. i: a. 
 
 fortresses in which tribes? b. towns; c. mi- 
 gratio ns according to tradition. 
 
 7. Some results of the conquest: a. settlement of 
 
 Israel as a nation; b. living and constant 
 contact with the Canaanites; . establishment 
 of laws of inheritance, etc., cf. Boaz, Ruth, 
 Barzillai and Naboth. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Deane, Joshua, chaps, xi.-xiii. 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 7, sec. 4. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 12 
 
 Sayce, Egypt of the Hebrews, chap. 3. 
 
 42. SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE CONQUEST.- -JUDG. 
 I., XVII XXI. 
 
 1. Conquests of Judah, Simeon and Joseph, i: a. 
 
 against Adoni-bezek; b. Jerusalem; c. Ca- 
 naanites; d. Bethel. 
 
 2. Danite migration, xvii., xviii: a. Micah; b. 
 
 kind of idolatry rife; c. the Levite; d. his 
 employer; e. Danite spies; f. result of their 
 trip ; g. advance of the army and robbery of 
 Micah; h. new territory acquired, and its 
 boundaries Laish, Dan. 
 

CONQUEST. 71 
 
 3. Civil war, xix xxi: a. cause (cf. I Sam. xi. 
 
 7), revealing corruptness of Israel; b. national 
 indignation; c. assembly at Mizpeh; ^.400,- 
 ooo men against Benjamin; e. repulses of 
 Israel; f. defeat of Benjamin and reduction 
 to 600; g. means of rinding wives for these. 
 
 4. Israel's tendency to idolatry in Judges due to: a. 
 
 ease in quiet homes; b. language common 
 with the Canaanites; c. intermarriage with 
 Canaanites; d. want of a leader no central 
 power; e. lack of defenses no army organi- 
 zation. 
 
 $ Seats of worship at this time (cf. Zech. x. 2; 
 Hos. iii. 4; 2 Kings xxiii. 24; I Sam. xix. 
 16): a. in every home; b. with teraphim, etc.; 
 c. attended by a priest; d. in imitation of 
 the Canaanites. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sees. 2 and 3. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 13 and 21, 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 13, sees. I, 4-6. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., p. 6l. 
 
 Lang, Gideon and the Judges, chap. iv. 
 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Mon., chap. 6. 
 
SEVENTH PERIOD. 
 
 JUDGES. RULE OF JUDGES TO ESTAB- 
 LISHMENT OF KINGDOM. B. C. 
 
 1400 1095. 
 
 SEVEN OPPRESSIONS AND FIFTEEN JUDGES. 
 
 $43. FIRST THREE OPPRESSIONS AND THREE 
 JUDGES. JUDGES II. II III. 31. 
 
 1. Introduction to this Period, ii. n iii. 6: a. Is- 
 
 rael did evil served other gods; b. anger of 
 Jehovah against Israel; c. purpose of Jeho- 
 vah in leaving unconquered peoples in the 
 land, iii. 1-6. 
 
 2. Mesopotamian invasion, iii. 7-11: a. home of 
 
 oppressors; b. king of oppressors; c. length 
 of time of oppression; d. deliverers; c. peace 
 for 40 years. 
 Otkniel,first]M&%t, of Judah. 
 
 3. Moabite oppression^ iii. 12-30: 0. Moab, with 
 
 Ammon and Amalek, smite Israel and take 
 Jericho; b. separate homes of these peoples; 
 c. king of Moab ; d. years of oppression ; e. 
 Ehud, of Benjamin, slew Eglon; /. slaughter 
 at Jordan how great? g. land had rest 80 
 years. 
 
 72 
 
JUDGES. 73 
 
 Ehud, second judge, of Benjamin. 
 
 4. First Philistine oppression, iii. 31. 
 
 Shamgar, third judge, deliverer. 
 
 Review: Give of the three oppressions: a. op- 
 pressor; b. length of oppression; c. deliverers; d. 
 time of rest. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 14 and part of 15. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 108-9. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 14. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 14 in part. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 61, 62. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 188. 
 
 CANAANITE AND MIDIANITE OPPRESSIONS. 
 JUDGES IV VIII. 
 
 I. Canaanite oppression, iv: a. oppressors na- 
 tives of the land; b. 20 years oppression; c. 
 army of 900 chariots of iron; d. Deborah, of 
 Ephraim, arouses Barak, of Naphtali ; e. Is- 
 sachar, Zebulon and Naphtali at Tabor meet 
 and rout the host of Sisera; /. storm aids; jr. 
 Jael's murder of Sisera; h. "God subdued 
 Jabin, the king of Canaan;" i. land had rest 
 40 years;/, similar battles in history, (i) 
 Cressy, (2) Timoleon against the Carthagin- 
 ians. 
 
74 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Deborah, fourth judge, of Ephraim. 
 
 2. Deborah's song ; v: analyze, noting a. th$ pre- 
 
 lude; b. reference to exodus; c. dismay of Is- 
 rael; d. change; e. assembling oftroops;/. rec- 
 reants who did not appear; g. battle and flight ; 
 h. destroyer; i. mother in anxiety;/ the tri- 
 umph. 
 
 3. Midianite oppression, vi viii: a. Amalek, Mid- 
 
 ian and children of the East oppress Israel 
 seven years; b. Israel's abject cowardice: (i) 
 hidden in rocks, (2) caves, (3) strongholds; 
 c. a prophet appears; d. Gideon's call: (i)the 
 angel, (2) offering of Gideon, (3) altar built; 
 e. destruction of Baal worship ;/. evidence of 
 truth of God's word fleece; g. army called: 
 (i) faint-hearted return, (2) lappers only re- 
 main 300; h. dream of the Midianite; /. vic- 
 tory of 300; j. results: (i) attempt to estab- 
 lish a royal line, (2) teraphim made of the 
 spoils Gideon its priest, (3) Gideon polyga- 
 mous, (4) leads Israel astray, (5) land had 
 rest 40 years. 
 Gideon, fifth judge, of Manasseh. 
 
 4. Abimelech, ix: a. son of a maid of Shechem; 
 
 b. appears to Shechemites for his claim; 
 
 c. is granted a subsidy; d. slays seventy 
 brethren, except Jotham; e. Jotham's parable, 
 first in history (olive, fig, vine, bramble); /. 
 Abimelech made king in Shechem; g. rules 
 

 
JUDGES. 75 
 
 three years; h. fights three battles Shechem 
 assaulted; i. slain by a millstone dropped by 
 a woman at Thebez. 
 Abimelech y sixth judge, of Manasseh. 
 
 Review: Give a. location of the oppressors; b. 
 time; c. severity of the oppression; d. deliverer in 
 each case. 
 
 Judges thus far: I. Othniel; 2. Ehud; 3. Sham- 
 gar; 4. Deborah (and Barak) ; 5. Gideon; 6. Abim- 
 elech. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 15 and 16 in part. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sec. i. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. i5-l/ 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 14 in part and 15. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., p. 62. 
 Thomson, Land and Book, vol. ii. p. 179 sq. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 189. 
 Mozley, Lectures on the Old Test. Lees. 6 and 7. 
 Lang, Gideon and the Judges, chaps, v., viii.-xx. 
 Drysdale, Early Bible Songs, pp. 101-124. 
 
 $45. AMMONITE AND PHILISTINE OPPRESSIONS. 
 JUDGES X XI. 
 
 I. Tola, seventh judge, of Issachar, x. I, 2: a. 
 abode in Shamir of Ephraim; b. judged Is- 
 rael 23 years. 
 
76 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 2. Jair, eighth judge, Gileadite, x. 3-5: a. had 30 
 
 sons who rode 30 ass-colts; b. had 30 cities; 
 c. judged Israel 22 years. 
 
 3. Ammonite oppression^ x. 6 xii. 7 : a. Israel's 
 
 idolatry; b. oppression 18 years; c. distress 
 of Israel; d. Jehovah's message and Israel's 
 resolve at Mizpeh; e. Jephthah chosen as 
 leader;/, his conditional acceptance;^, mes- 
 sage to Ammon and reply; h. Jephthah's 
 vow; /. slaughter 20 cities; /. reception at 
 home; k. daughter's valor and lament; /. vow 
 performed (cf. $24. 8); m. memorial four 
 days in the year; n. Jephthah's slaughter of 
 the jealous Ephraimites Shibboleth test. 
 Jephthah, ninth judge, six years. 
 
 4. Compare the characters of Gideon and Jephthah. 
 
 5. Ibzan, tenth judge, of Bethlehem, xii. 8-10: a. 
 
 had 30 sons and 30 daughters; b. judged Is- 
 rael seven years. 
 
 6. Eton, eleventh judge, of Zebulon, xii. II, 12: 
 
 judged Israel ten years. , 
 
 7. Abdon, twelfth judge, of Ephraim,.. 13-1$: 
 
 a. had 40 sons and 30 grandsons, who rode 
 on 70 asses; b. judged Israel eight years. 
 
 8. Samson, of Dan, and the Philistine oppression, 
 
 (40 years), xiii xvi: a. appeal of Manoah; 
 
 b. angel of Jehovah; c. birth of Samson; d. 
 spirit of Jehovah upon him; e. finds a wo- 
 man in Timnath; f. kills a lion;^*. wedding- 
 

JUDGES. 77 
 
 feast; h. riddle; /. solution, and slaughter 
 of the Ashkelonites; J. wife given away 
 and grain burnt by 300 jackals; k. hides 
 in Etam; /. Israel delivers him up slays 
 1000 Philistines with the jaw-bone of an ass; 
 m. carries off gates of Gaza; n. Delilah's 
 treachery, Samson's humility; o. final Philis- 
 tine clown and destroyer; p. judged Israel 2O 
 years. 
 Samson, thirteenth judge, of Dan. 
 
 NOTE Samson the first recorded Nazarite. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 16; vol. iii. chap. I. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 18-20. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 16. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 189-94. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 63, 64. 
 Lang, Gideon and the Judges, chap. 7. 
 " Samson " in Dictionaries of the Bible. 
 Milton, John, Samson Agonistes. 
 
 46. RUTH. RUTH I IV. 
 
 1. Time: a. when judges judged; b. famine in land 
 
 c. mention other famines already met in our 
 study. 
 
 2. Emigration to Moab: a. names of persons; b. 
 
 alliances made there; c. fatalities. 
 
 3. Return to Israel: a. report of plenty; b. Na- 
 
 omi's company and request; c. Orpah obeys, 
 
78 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Ruth clings to her mother-in-law; d. arrival 
 at Bethlehem. 
 
 4. Court transactions: a. Ruth gleans in Boaz's 
 
 field; b. received with favor; c. promise of 
 Boaz; d. redemption council; e. nearest kins- 
 man failing, Boaz redeems; /. attestation by 
 an old shoe; g. Ruth becomes wife of Boaz. 
 
 5. Purpose of the book: a. give us a charming do- 
 
 mestic incident in the midst of the dark 
 ages of the judges; b. beautiful and vivid 
 picture of one of the ancestors of our Lord 
 (iv. 18-22). 
 
 6. Compare this book with Esther. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sec. 3 (4). 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 21. 
 Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Ruth. 
 Expositor's Bible, Judges and Ruth. 
 
 ELI AND THE FALL OF SHILOH. I SAM. 
 I. J II. 
 
 1. First appearance of Eli, i. 9, 14-17: a. priest at 
 
 door of temple of Jehovah; b. rebuking 
 Hannah; c. favorable answer to Hannah. 
 
 2. Sons of Eli, ii. 12-17,22-25: a. sons of Belial, 
 
 (i) in priest's office, (2) in private life; b. Eli's 
 mild rebuke; c. Eli's sin (vs. 29 and iii. 13). 
 
 3. Message of Man of God, ii. 27-36: a. God's 
 

 
JUDGES. 79 
 
 past goodness disregarded ; b. certain down- 
 fall of Eli's house; c. a faithful priest to rise 
 up; d. sure house and faithful service for- 
 ever (cf. xvi. 13; I Chron.xvii.i3;Ps. xcix. 6). 
 
 4. Visions of Samuel for Eli, iii. 11-18: a. curse 
 
 on Eli's house because of his lack of restraint 
 of his sons; b. curse not to be purged by 
 sacrifice; c. Eli's submission. 
 
 5. Loss of the ark and Eli 's death, iv. i-i 8 : a. Israel 
 
 loses 4,000 men in the first battle with the 
 Philistines; b. Philistines capture the ark in 
 second battle and slay Eli's sons; c. Philistines 
 supposed they had captured Jehovah (cf. Ho- 
 sea x. 6; Isa. xlvi. i; Jer. xlviii. 7; xlix. 3; 
 Dan. xi. 8); d. sad news breaks Eli's heart 
 and neck; e. 98 years old;/", judge 40 years. 
 Eli, fourteenth judge, a Levite. 
 
 6. Shiloh: a. what became of the tabernacle (cf. 2 
 
 Chron. i. 5; v. 5)? b. where did Samuel go? 
 c. was Shiloh laid waste by the Philistines 
 (Ps. Ixxviii. 60, 67; Jer. vii. 12, 14; xxvi. 6, 
 9; cf. i Kings xi. 29)? 
 
 7. The ark in Philistia and returned, v. i vii. 2: 
 
 a. at Ashdod, (i ) Dagon humbled, (2) plague 
 of tumors, (3) ark sent to Gath; b. at Gath, 
 (i) city smitten, (2) tumors on all; c. at 
 Ekron, (i) plague follows, (2) priests advise 
 return with a guilt offering; d. returned to 
 Beth-shemesh, (i) cart and cows, (2) go 
 
80 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 straight ahead; e. fatality in Beth -shemesh; 
 
 f. ark in Kirjath-jearim twenty years. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. I in part and 2. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, no. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 1-3. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 17. 
 Deane, Samuel and Saul, chaps, i. and ii. 
 Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Eli. 
 Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 
 
 $48. SAMUEL AS JUDGE AND RULER TO ACCES- 
 SION OF SAUL. I SAM. I XI. 
 
 1. HannaWs victory ', i: a. request; b. promise; c. 
 
 son Nazarite (cf. 33, 6); d. consecration 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 2. Hannah's prayer, ii. (cf. Anna, in Tobit. i. 9; 
 
 Luke ii. 36): a. analyze it; b. similar song 
 Luke i. 46-55, 67-79; c. first individual (not 
 national) song. 
 
 3. Samuel's ministry with Eli, iii v I iv. i: a. 
 
 thrice called; b. God's curse on Eli; c. Sam- 
 uel established as a prophet; d. revelations 
 to him for Israel. 
 
 4. After twenty years' silence, Samuel is judge, vii. 
 
 3-14: a. host at Mizpeh turn to Jehovah 
 (pour out water, cf. Josh. vii. 5; Ps. xxii. 14; 
 Lam. ii. 19); b. Samuel cries to Jehovah 
 against the Philistines; c. Jehovah thundered 
 
JUDGES. 81 
 
 against the Philistines with a mighty storm; d. 
 Eben-ezer set up. 
 
 5. Samuel is circuit judge, vii. 15 viii. 22: a. altar 
 
 and home in Ramah ; b. annual circuit, Bethel, 
 Gilgal, and Mizpeh; c. his sons pervert judg- 
 ment in Beer-sheba; d. demand of the people 
 for a king; e. Jehovah's answer to Samuel; 
 f. second demand and Jehovah's command 
 that Samuel make them a king. 
 
 6. Samuel's ear Her relations to Saul, ix. I xi. 13: 
 
 a. Saul and the lost asses; b. Samuel anoints 
 Saul king; c. Samuel assembles the people at 
 Mizpeh, and Saul chosen by lot; d. Sam- 
 uel's part in the Ammonite war. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 3. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 1-3 in part, 
 all of 4-6. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 18 and 19. 
 
 Deane, Samuel and Saul, chaps, iii. and iv. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon. t 195. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, in. 
 
 Briggs, Messianic Prophecy, chap. 5, 40. 
 
 Drysdale, Early Bible Songs, pp. 125-137. 
 
 SAMUEL UNDER A KING, SAUL. I SAM. 
 XII., XIII. 8-15; XV., XVI. I-I3; XIX. 1 8-2 2. 
 
 SamueVs address, xi. I4~xii.: a. Saul king in 
 Gilgal; b. Samuel retires because (i) Israel 
 has a king, (2) he is old; c. challenge to im- 
 
82 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 peach his past honesty; d. epitome of past 
 mercies upon penitent idolaters; e. king set 
 up at people's request; /. favor of God de- 
 pendent on obedience; g. thunder of God's 
 anger against sin; h. Samuel's prayer with- 
 out ceasing, (cf. Joshua's address, Joshua xxiv.). 
 
 2. SamuePs rebuke of Saul, xiii. 8-14; xv: a, Gil- 
 
 gal in presence of Philistine army; b. first 
 prophecy of downfall of his kingdom; c. 
 command to smite Amalek; d. disobedience 
 condemned; e. Saul's penitence unrewarded, 
 downfall of his kingdom prophesied second 
 time. 
 
 3 . Samuel anoints a second king, David, over Israel 
 
 xvi.i-13 : #. Jehovah rejects Saul; b. Samuel 
 visits Jesse at Bethlehem to sacrifice; c. of 
 eight sons, Jehovah chooses the youngest, 
 David; d. Samuel anoints him successor to 
 Saul; e. spirit of Jehovah on David; f. Sam- 
 uel goes to Ramah. 
 
 4. Samuel in Ramah, xix. 1 8-22: a. his home, 
 
 altar and place of worship (vii. 17): b. Samuel 
 head of the school of prophets (xix. 20) ; c. 
 Ramah prophetic headquarters; d. David es- 
 capes to Samuel; e. Saul likewise falls in with 
 same spirit of prophesying; f. Samuel died 
 in Ramah (xxv. i) mourned for by all Israel. 
 
 5. Character of the period: a. end of the theoc- 
 
 racy, beginning of the monarchy; b. blend- 
 
JUDGES. 83 
 
 ing of worship in Shiloh with new order of 
 priests; c. beginning of the order of prophets 
 schools; d. the dawn between darkness 
 and light; e. the transition from oppression 
 to peace. 
 
 6. Character of Samuel and his place in history: 
 
 a. a Levite, his grandson was Heman the sing- 
 er,! Chron.vi. 28,33; ^.a writer, i Sam.x.25; i 
 Chron. xxix. 29; c. judge; d. priest; e. pro- 
 phet; /. anointed Saul and David; g. estab- 
 lished schools of prophets; h. influence re- 
 cognized in later times, cf. i Chron. xi. 3; ix. 
 22; xxvi. 28; i. compare him with Moses, 
 Jer. xv. i; Ps. xcix. 6; Heb. ii. 23, 32. 
 
 7. Samuel's appearance to the witch of Endor^ 
 
 xxviii.3-25. 
 
 8. Locate the geographical points of this section: a. 
 
 Gilgal; . Bethlehem; c. Ramah; d. Mizpch; 
 
 e. En dor. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 4. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9, sec. I. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 7-9. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 18 and 19. 
 Smith, Old Test History, chap. 19. 
 Deane, Samuel and Saul, chaps, vi., vii., ix., x., xiii. 
 Blaikie, Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 
 Price, Ira M., Schools of the Sons of the Prophets, 
 Old Test. Student, March '89. 
 
EIGHTH PERIOD. 
 
 THE KINGDOM. ESTABLISHMENT TO 
 DISRUPTION. B. C. ca. 1050-931. 
 
 $50. SAUL'S SANE CAREER I SAM. IX XVIII. 
 
 1. Discovery, anointing and election, ix-x.26: a. 
 
 man of God Samuel; b. events of the feast; 
 c. Saul anointed; d. Saul among prophets 
 (cf. xix. 18-24); e. elected by lot what was 
 the lot? 
 
 2. Ammonite war, xi: a. location and territory of 
 
 Ammonites; b. ancestry; c. call of East-Jor- 
 danic peoples for help; d. Saul's response 
 and victory; e. confirmed as king of Israel. 
 
 3. First Philistine invasion, xiii: a. Israel 3,000 
 
 men; b. Philistine outposts; c. Jonathan's 
 victory over outpost at Geba; d. Philistine 
 army 30,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen, people 
 as sand on the sea encamped at Michmash; 
 e. Israel's flight to Gilgal; f. Saul's sacrilege; 
 g. Samuel's rebuke and prophecy; h. Philistine 
 guerillas three bands ; i. Israel without 
 arms. 
 
 4. Saul's victory, xiv. 1-46: a. Jonathan's strategy 
 
 and success; b. general flight of Philistines; 
 c. SauPs vow cause of it; d. Jonathan the 
 84 
 
THE KINGDOM. 85 
 
 only violator; e. Saul's first altar, and sacrifice 
 by the people; f. Jonathan saved from death 
 by the people. 
 
 5. Saul's minor wars, xiv. 47-48: I. a. Moab, cf. 
 
 Gen. xix. 37 ; b. Ammon, Gen.xix. 38, cf. chap, 
 xi; c. Edom, cf. xxi. 7; xxii. 9, 18; d. Zobah 
 extreme north; e. Philistines. II. a. loca- 
 tion; b. ancestry; c. character of people; d. 
 relations to Israel of each of the above- 
 mentioned peoples. 
 
 6. Amalekite war, xv: a. wholesale slaughter com- 
 
 manded why? b. not executed; c. Saul's 
 equivocal reply to Samuel; d. Samuel's an- 
 nouncement of a great truth (xxii. 23); e. 
 second prophecy of end of Saul's kingdom; 
 f. Saul's penitence unrewarded; g. Samuel 
 hews Agag to pieces. 
 
 7. Second Philistine war, xvii xviii. 5 ' tf. location; 
 
 B. Israel defied forty days; c. David's deliv- 
 erance of Israel; d. reward given court 
 favors; e. covenant of David and Jonathan. 
 Literature: 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 65,66. 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 4. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 112. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 7-10. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 21. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 195-6. 
 
 Deane, Samuel and Saul, chaps, iv., v., vii.-x. 
 
86 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Blaikie, Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 
 
 0. T. Student, Oct. 1887, pp. 53-57. 
 Oehler, O. T. Theology, 164, 194. 
 Delitzsch, History of Redemption, p. 84 sq. 
 Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Saul. 
 
 51. SAUL'S INSANE CAREER. XVI. 14-23; XVIII. 
 
 6 xxvi. 25, 28, 31. 
 
 1. Evil spirit upon Saul, xvi. 14-23: a. musician 
 
 David sought out; b. David made his ar- 
 mourbearer; harmonize xvi. 14-23 with 50.7. 
 
 2. Saul's jealousy ', xviii. 6 xix. 10: a. at David's 
 
 popularity; b. Saul attempts to entrap and 
 kill David, (/) by his spear twice, (2) by 
 his daughters, (j) by the Philistines. 
 
 3. Saul's first pursuit of David, xix. 11-24: a. 
 
 messenger deceived by Michal; b. David's 
 flight to Ramah to Samuel; c. Saul's three 
 sets of messengers sent to take David, pro- 
 phesy; d. Saul's attempt to capture David, 
 results in his prophesying. 
 
 NOTE Naioth=>buildings, college buildings? 
 
 4. Saul's second pursuit of David, xx-xxiv: a. 
 
 Jonathan's test of Saul's purpose toward Da- 
 vid; b. feast and Saul's anger at Jonathan; 
 c. arrows, and parting of Jonathan and Da- 
 vid; ^.David's flight and hiding places: (/) 
 Nob: (a ) shew-bread, (b ) sword of Goliath, 
 (r) Doeg, the Edomite of Saul's guard; (2) 
 

 
THE KINGDOM. 87 
 
 Gath: (a ) Fear of Phil., (b ) madness feigned; 
 (j) cave of Adullam: (a ) his family there, 
 (b ) 400 men there; (/) Mizpeh of Moab. (a ) 
 prophet Gad appears, (b ) David in the hold; 
 (5) forest of Hereth, Saul at home has priests 
 slain by Doeg the Edomite; (6) Keilah, 
 David routs the Philistines in battle; (/) 
 Ziph; (<?) Maon, Saul surrounds David 
 but a Philistine raid calls him home; (p) 
 Engedi: (a ) Saul in David's hands, but 
 spared, (b ) Saul's penitence and forgiveness, 
 (c ) Saul returns in peace. 
 
 5. Saul's third pursuit of David, xxvi: a. hill of 
 
 Hachilah; b. David takes Saul's cruse and 
 spear; c. Saul forgives David, and returns 
 never again to see him. 
 
 6. Saul's inquiries of the witch of Endor,-xx.vm: 
 
 a. Philistines pitched in Shunem, Israel in 
 Gilboa; B. Saul's former treatment of witches 
 (vss. 3, 9); c. Jehovah answered him not by 
 dreams, Urim or prophets; d. appeal to the 
 witch of Endor; e. Samuel, not at the call of 
 the witch, appears; f. prophecy of Israel's 
 defeat; g. Saul's humility; h. explain u to- 
 morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me." 
 
 7. SauVs death on Gilboa, xxxi: a. suicide in de- 
 
 feat; b. body and armor distributed in Phil- 
 istia; c. people of Jabesh burn and bury 
 Saul's and his sons' bones. 
 
88 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 8. Character of the period: a. religious condition 
 
 of the times, cf. xvi. 1-6; xix. 18-24; xix. 13; 
 xxiii. 6-13; xx. 18, 24-29; xxi. 1-9; xxii. 6- 
 19; b. political condition, cf. xi., xiii., xiv., 
 xv., xxxi. 
 
 9. Character of Saul: a. religious, xiv. 18, 19; 
 
 xiv. 24, cf. with xiv. 31-35; xiv. 36-44. 
 (/) not converted had simply a religious 
 
 impulse. 
 
 (2) opposition to prophets, cf. xv., xxviii. 6. 
 (j) names of his sons: Jonathan=gift of 
 Jehovah; Melchi-shua=help of Mo- 
 loch; Esh-Baal=man of Baal. 
 
 (4) superstitious. 
 
 (5) jealousy, insane-madness. 
 
 10. Follow carefully and locate David's hiding- 
 
 places in his flights before Saul. Give events 
 at each point; cf. Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. 
 Geog. pp. 66, 67. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Deane, Samuel and Saul, chaps, xi., xii., xiv. 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii., chap. 5. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv., chaps. 11-14 
 
 Bennett, Diseases of the Bible, pp. 81-86. 
 
 52. DAVID'S PRE-REGAL CAREER. I SAM. XVI- 
 XXXJ I CHRON. XI. IO XII. 2O. 
 
 I. Prophecies concerning David: a.\ Sam. xiii. 14; 
 b. I Sam. xv. 28. 
 
THE KINGDOM. 8V> 
 
 2. Discovery, anointing and favor of David, xvi: 
 
 See 49- 3- 
 
 3. David's victory over Goliath, xvii. 12-58: a. 
 
 method of fighting; b. result (/) to Israel, (2) 
 to David himself. See $50. 7. 
 
 4. SauPs jealousy, xviii. 6 xix. 10: See $51. 2. 
 
 5. David's first flight before Saul,x.ix. 11-24. See 
 
 5i. 3- 
 
 NOTE. (i) Gaul's attempted capture of David produces prophets, 
 (a) Saul himself becomes a prophet. 
 
 6. David's second flight before Sa/,xx-xxiv: See 
 
 51. 4. 
 
 7. David's treatment of Nabal, xxv: 0. David's 
 
 request, why made? b. refused and trouble 
 averted only by Abigail; c. death of Nabal 
 and disposal of Abigail. 
 
 8. David's third flight before Saul, xxvi: See 
 
 $5i. 5- 
 
 9. David's sojourn in Philistia, xxvii-xxviii. 2: 
 
 a in favor with king Achish; b. given Ziklag, 
 his army here, I Chron. xii. 1-7; c. David 
 raided country toward the southwest, destroy- 
 ing all ; d. deceived Achish. 
 
 10. David in the Philistine army against Israel, xxix 
 
 ~xxx : a. David and his men follow in rear; 
 b. princes object and David returns; c. finds 
 Ziklag destroyed by whom? d. recovers 
 captives; e. division of spoil among his ben- 
 efactors. 
 
90 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 1 1 . Locate every geographical point here mentioned. 
 
 12. Probable Psalms of this period', a. of shepherd 
 
 life, Pss. viii. xxi. xxiii. xxix; b. flight from 
 Saul, vi. vii. lix. Ivi. xxxiv; c. wanderings, 
 xviii. xl. lii. liv. Ivii. Ixiii. cxlii. 
 Literature : 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 6 and 7. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 112-3. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 10-14. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 22. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 66, 67. 
 
 MacDuff, Tales of t. Warrior King, chaps. 1-15. 
 
 Deane, David, Men of the Bible, chaps. i.-v. 
 
 Edersheim, Prophecy and History in Relation to 
 the Messiah, pp. 183-190. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 197-202. 
 
 Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on David the Shepherd^ 
 Goliath. 
 
 53. DAVID'S PROSPEROUS REIGN. 2 SAM. i xi. 
 
 i; XII. 26-31; I CHRON. XI. I XX. 8. 
 
 I. Call to the kingdom over Judali, 2 Sam. i-ii. 4: 
 a. Amalekite's report of Saul's death; b. Da- 
 vid's sorrow and lament in book of Jashar 
 analyze this song; c. Jehovah commands 
 David to go up to Hebron; d. anointed 
 king over house of Judah; e. David's kind- 
 ness to Saul's remains (cf. also 2 Sam. xxi. 
 12-14). 
 
THE KINGDOM. 91 
 
 2. Dual kingdom attempted, 2 Sam. ii. 8 sq.: a. Ab- 
 
 ner anoints Ish-bosheth king over Israel at 
 Mahanaim; b. war between Joab, of Judah, 
 and Abner, of Israel, at pool of Gibeon re- 
 sult? c. David became stronger, house of 
 Saul weaker; d. peace between Abner and 
 David; e. treachery of Joab, murder and 
 burial of Abner; f. weakness and murder of 
 Ish-bosheth; g. David's punishment of the 
 murderers. 
 
 3. David king over all Israel, in Jerusalem, 2 Sam. 
 
 v., vi; i Chron. xi., xii.,xiv: a. David made 
 king by all Israel in Hebron; b. his army in 
 Hebron, I Chron. xi. 10 xii. 40; c. his con- 
 quest of Jebus; d. relations to Hiram of Tyre; 
 e. David's polygamy; f. victories over the 
 Philistines. 
 
 4. Establishment of worship in Jerusalem, 2 Sam. 
 
 vi; I Chron. xiii.,xv: a. ark to Jerusalem: 
 
 (1) from Kirjath-jearim to house of Obed- 
 edom, (2) fatality to Uzzah (cf. Num. iii. 29- 
 31; iv. 5, 15, 19, 20), (3) to Jerusalem with 
 music; b. sacrifices and blessings of David; 
 c. ordination of singers, i Chron. xvi. (cf. 
 Pss. cv. 1-15; xcvi. 1-13; cvi. I, 47, 48). 
 
 5 . David's division of labor in the service of Jehovah, 
 
 I Chron. xxiii xxvii: a. 38,000 Levites: (i) 
 24,000 to oversee work of house of Jehovah, 
 
 (2) 6,000 officers and judges, (3) 4,000 door- 
 
92 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 keepers, (4) 4,000 musicians; b. Asaph, He- 
 man and Jeduthun prophesy with harps, 
 psalteries and cymbals 228 singers, chap. 
 xxv ; c. doorkeepers, sons of Korah and 
 and Merari; d. treasurer Ahijah; e. officers 
 and judges west of Jordan, 1700; f. east of 
 Jordan, 2700; g. 12 captains, each one month 
 in a year; h. princes of 12 tribes; /. David's 
 cabinet, xxvii. 25-31. 
 
 6. Nathan's appearance and prophecy, 2 Sam. vii; 
 
 i Chron. xvii: a. Nathan's own advice an- 
 nulled by Jehovah; b. David's seed to build 
 a house to Jehovah; c. David's throne to be 
 established forever; d. David's humble 
 prayer. 
 
 7. David's foreign conquests, 2 Sam. viii; I Chron. 
 
 xviii: a. Philistines, viii. i; b. Moab, viii. 2; 
 c. Hadadezer of Zobah, viii. 3-8: (i) Syrians, 
 (2) Betah and Berothai, of Hadadezer; d. 
 ToiofHamath; e. Edom. 
 
 8. David^s kindness to the house of Saul, 2 Sam. 
 
 ix. 
 
 9. Provoked foreign wars, 2 Sam. x. , xi. I ; i 
 
 Chron. xix., xx: a. Ammon leagued with 
 Syria; b. Syria beyond the river; c. siege of 
 Rabbah, I Chron. xx. 1-3; 2 Sam. xii. 26-31. 
 
 10. Locate on the map all places and peoples in this 
 
 section. 
 

THE KINGDOM. 93 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 8-IO. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 11417. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 15-18. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 23. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 69, 70. 
 Macduff, Tales of t. Warrior King, chaps. 16-20. 
 Deane, David, Men of the Bible, chaps, vi.-viii. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 203-4. 
 Dryadale, Early Bible Songs, pp. 181-191. 
 Taylor, W. M., David, King of Israel. 
 Krummacher, David, King of Israel. 
 " David " in Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible. 
 Geikie, O. T. Characters, on David the Psalmist. 
 Price, Bibliotheca Sacra, April 1889, on Book of 
 Jashar. 
 
 54. DAVID'S CALAMITOUS REIGN. 2 SAM. XI. 2 
 I KINGS II. II; I CHRON. XXL, XXVII. 
 
 xxxi. 30. 
 
 1. David's great sin, 2 Sam. xi. 2 xii. 31, (not 
 
 in Chron.): a. adultery with Bath-sheba; b. 
 murder of Uriah; c. Bath-sheba becomes 
 David's wife; d. Nathan's parable; e. David's 
 penitence (cf. Ps. li.); /. sorrow at the death 
 his child; g. his hope. 
 
 2. Sin in David's household, 2 Sam. xiii., xiv: a. 
 
94 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Amnon's intrigue and sin; b. Absalom's 
 feast and murder of Amnon; c. flight of Ab- 
 salom to Geshur; d. Joab's scheme and Ab- 
 salom's return; e. David's and Joab's insults 
 to Absalom; /. David and Absalom recon- 
 ciled. 
 
 3. Absalom's revolt and David's flighty 2 Sam. 
 
 xv xvii. 23: a. David's part in causing this; 
 b. Absalom's device at the gates; c. con- 
 spiracy at Hebron; d. David's flight: (i) 
 Ittai, (2) ark returned, (3) Hushai sent back 
 as a spy, (4) Ziba, (5) Shimei, kin of Saul; 
 e. Absalom in Jerusalem: (i) Hushai 's de- 
 ceit, (2) Ahithophel's evil counsel (cf. xvii. i sq. 
 (3) Hushai 's preferred counsel, (4) Ahithophel 
 hangs himself (cf. Judas Iscariot, in Matt, 
 xxvii. 5.) 
 
 4. Battle of the two armies and the result, 2 Sam. 
 
 xvii. 24 xix. 43: a. Absalom's army under 
 Amasa inGilead; b. David's kind reception at 
 Mahanaim; c. charge of David to Joab, Abi- 
 shai and Ittai, commanders; d. battle and 
 death of Absalom; e. courier; /. David's la- 
 ment; g. Joab rebukes David; h. David's re- 
 turn to Jerusalem: (i) David's word to the 
 priests, (2) Shimei, (3) Mephibosheth, (4) Bar- 
 zillai, (5) the quarrel over David. 
 
 5. Civil war, murder, famine, wars with the Phil- 
 
 istines, 2 Sam. xx., xxi: a. Sheba, son of 
 
THE KINGDOM. 95 
 
 Bichri, slain at Abel; b. Joab's murder of 
 Amasa; c. famine, and demands of Gibeon- 
 ites; d. David's reverence for Saul's remains; 
 e. four wars against the Philistines, 2 Sam. 
 xxi. 15-22; I Chron. xx. 4-8. 
 
 6. Sin of David in numbering Israel, 2 Sam. xxiv ; 
 
 I Chron. xxi: a. Joab's enumeration; b. 
 David's conscience smitten ; c. God's alterna- 
 tives for David three years famine, three 
 months defeat, three days pestilence; </. Da- 
 vid's choice and result; e. altar at Oman's 
 threshing floor. 
 
 7. Usurpation of Adonijah, i Kings i: a. Adoni- 
 
 jah's retinue; b. made king by some (vss. n, 
 1 8); c. deserted by the people ; ^.submission 
 to Solomon. 
 
 8. David'** final assemblage of Israel ', I Chron. 
 
 xxviii-xxix. 25: a. review of God's favor and 
 promises; b. charge to Solomon to build the 
 temple; c. enumeration of materials, chaps. 
 xxii. and xxviii. 11-21; d. plan of the build- 
 ing and its vessels; e. after David's example, 
 people offer willingly large sums; f. David's 
 prayer of praise and thanksgiving; g. people 
 bless, and offer sacrifice to God; h. David's 
 successor to be Solomon. 
 
 9. David's final charge to Solomon, and his death, 
 
 i Kings ii. i-u; i Chron. xxix. 26-30: a. 
 to obey Jehovah; b. take vengeance on (/) 
 
96 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Joab, (2) Shimei; c. to care for sons of Bar- 
 zillai; d. death and burial of David in the 
 city of David; e. ruled seven years in He- 
 bron, thirty-three in Jerusalem. 
 
 10. Give an estimate of David's character as: a. 
 warrior; b. king; c. man; d. writer. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 11-13. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 118. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chap. 19; vol. v. 
 chaps. 1-3. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 24. 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 70,71. 
 
 Macduff, Tales of t. Warrior King, chaps. 21-24. 
 
 Deane, David, Men of the Bible, chaps ix.-xiii. 
 
 MacLaren, Life of David as reflected in Psalms. 
 
 Taylor, W. M., David, King of Israel. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 205. 
 
 55. THE REIGN OF SOLOMON. I KINGS I XI; 2 
 CHRON. I IX. 
 
 1. Coronation and charge, see 54, 7-9. 
 
 2. Fate of: a. Adonijah; b. Abiathar; c. Joab; d. 
 
 Shimei. 
 
 3 Visions at Gibeon, i Kings iii. 4-15; 2 Chron. i. 
 7-13: I. a. kind of hign-place; . object of 
 their presence there; c. Solomon's request of 
 Jehovah; d. Jehovah's promise; e. celebra- 
 tion of this event at Jerusalem. II. signifi- 
 cance and purport of second vision (ix. 1-9). 
 
THE KINGDOM. 97 
 
 4. Solomon's wisdom: a. extensive, world-wide, I 
 Kings iv. 34; v. 7, 12; x. 23, 24; 2 Chron. 
 ix. 22, 23; b. in scientific and literary knowl- 
 edge, I Kings iv. 29-34; c. in dealing with 
 hard questions, I Kings x. 1-8; 2 Chron. ix. 
 1-9; d. in dealing with practical questions, 
 I Kings iii. 9, 1 1, 12, 16-28. 
 
 5 Solomon's foreign domestic alliances: a. Phara- 
 oh's daughter, I Kings iii. i; vii. 8; ix. 16, 
 24; xi. i; 2 Chron. viii. n; b. women of 
 Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians 
 and Hittites, i Kings xi. I ; c. Naamah, mother 
 of Rehoboam, an Ammonitess, i Kings 
 xiv. 21, 31; d. alliances of Solomon's daugh- 
 ters, iv. 1 1 , 1 5 ; e. purpose of Solomon in all 
 these alliances; f. actual result for Solomon 
 and for the kingdom. 
 
 6. Solomon's government: a. slaves not Israelites, 
 i Kings ix. 20-22 ; 2 Chron. viii. 7-9; bur- 
 den-bearers in the mountains, 2 Chron. ii. 
 17, 1 8, 2; i Kings v. 13-18; b. commissary 
 department, (/) twelve divisions, (2) service 
 one month, (j) provisions for one day, i 
 Kings iv. 22, 23, (/) other duties, I Kings 
 iv.26-28 ; c. superintendents of work,(/)" 3,300 
 bare rule over workers in the mountains," 
 i Kings v. 1 6 (cf. 2 Chron. ii. 2, 18); (2) 550 
 chief officers, I Kings ix. 23; v. 16 (cf. 2 
 Chron. viii. 10); d. cabinet, I Kings iv. 1-6; 
 
98 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 e. army, horses and chariots, I Kings iv. 26, 
 28; 2 Chron. i. 14; ix. 25, 28 (cf. Deut. 
 xvii. 16); /. extent of his dominions, i Kings 
 iv. 21, 24; 2 Chron. ix. 26; g. prophecy re- 
 garding it Gen. xv. 18. 
 
 7. Foreign commercial relations : a. Egypt and 
 
 Hittites horses and chariots, I Kings x. 28, 
 29; 2 Chron. i. 16, 17; ix. 28; also out of all 
 lands, 2 Chron. ix. 28; b. Phoenicia, building 
 materials and skilled labor, i Kings v. 6, 8- 
 12; ix. 11-14; * Chron. ii. 8-16; c. voy- 
 ages sea trade, I Kings ix. 26-28; x. 11, 
 12,22; 2 Chron. viii. 17, 18; ix. 10, n,2i; 
 d. general trade, I Kings x. 15; 2 Chron. 
 ix. 14 (cf. i Kings x. 1-13); e. commercial 
 cities, I Kings ix. 18; 2 Chron. viii. 4-6. 
 
 NOT* What were ships of Tarshish? course, destination, etc.? 
 cf. I Kings ix. 28, with 2 Chron. viii. 18. 
 
 8. Solomon's revenues immense: a. gold and 
 
 silver, I Kings x. 14, 15; 2 Chron. ix. 13, 14; 
 b. levies of provisions, I Kings iv. 7-28; c. 
 presents, I Kings iv. 21; x. i-io, 13,23-25; 
 2 Chron. ix. 22-24; d. tropical products, i 
 Kings x. 22, etc.; 2 Chron. ix. 21; e. slave- 
 service, see 6. 0. above. 
 
 9. Increase in culture: a. learning and literature, I 
 
 Kings iv. 29-34; x. 23, 24; 2 Chron. ix. 22, 
 23 (read Geikie, vol. iii. 1 8); b. architecture, 
 see 56; c. decorations, read I Kings vi-vii; 
 d. general splendor of courts, i Kings x. i-i 3- 
 
THE KINGDOM. 9* 
 
 10. Solomon's old age and death : a. polygamy, 
 
 I Kings xi. 1-3 ; b. idolatry, kinds of foreign 
 deities, I Kings xi. 4-8; c. Jehovah's word 
 against him; d. his new enemies, i Kings xi. 
 9-25; e. Ahijah's prophecy and Jeroboam's 
 flight, I Kings xi. 26-40; /. death of Solomon; 
 g. length of his reign. 
 
 11. Solomon's career and character: a. politically; 
 
 b. religiously; c. intellectually. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 14, 15, 17. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 119-121. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 4 and 5, 
 
 8 and 9. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 26. 
 Solomon, his Life and Times, Men of Bible Scries. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., p. 71. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 206-7. 
 Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 22. 
 Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Solomon, Th* 
 
 Queen of Sheba. 
 
 56. SOLOMON'S TEMPLE.* 
 
 I. Steps up to the temple: a. offering, Gen. iv. 3, 4; 
 b. altar, Gen. viii. 20; xii. 6-8 (cf. Ex. xx. 
 24, 25); c. "house of God" Bethel, Gen. 
 xxviii. 18-22; xxxv. 1-3, 6, 14, 15; d. "tent 
 
 '"This outline is a revision of tkat of Dr. Hurlbat M given in Old 
 Test. Student, Dec. 1887. 
 
100 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 of meeting" Tabernacle, Ex. xxv. 8; xxix. 
 
 42-45 , e. "temple" in Shiloh, I Sam. 
 i. 9; iii. 3. 
 
 2. Building of the temple: a. place, Mt. Moriah in 
 
 Jerusalem, Gen. xxii. i, 2, 14; bought by 
 David, 2 Sam. xxiv. 17-25; i Chron. xxi. 
 18-30; xxii. i (cf. 2 Chron. iii. i); b. founda- 
 tion extended 270 feet over arches, con- 
 cealing reservoirs of water (cf. Ps. xlvi. 1-5); 
 c. materials provided largely by David, 2 
 Sam. vi, 1-12; vii. 1-13; I Chron. xxviii. 
 11-19; xxix. 2-8; (/) stone; (2) iron, I 
 Chron. xxii. 14; xxix. 2; (j) cedar wood, 
 2 Chron. ii. 3-9; i Kings vi. 8-10; (4) silver 
 and gold, I Chron. xxii. 14; xxix. 4; (j) 
 brass, or bronze, I Chron. xxix. 2 ; I Kings 
 vii. 15-17; (6) precious stones, i Chron. 
 xxix. 2; d. construction:(/) under Phoenician 
 workmen, i Kings vii. I3sq., 40-45; 2 Chron. 
 iv. 11-16; (2) no sound of hammer or iron 
 tool, i Kings vi. 7 (cf. Deut. xxvii. 5, 6); (j) 
 completed in seven years and six months, I 
 Kings vi. I, 38. 
 
 3. Plan of the temple: a. twice the size of the 
 
 tabernacle, for the most part, cf. Ex. xxv-xl; 
 i Kings v-viii; 2 Chron. iii-vii (cf. Ezekiel's 
 vision, Ezek. xl-xlvi); b. parts: i) court ', (cf. 
 Ex. xxvii. 9-18); i Kings viii. 64; 2 Chron, 
 xx. 5 ; xxiv. 2 1 ; outer and inner, i Kings vi. 
 

THE KINGDOM. 101 
 
 36; 2 Chron. iv. 9; (a) inner more sacred, 
 Joel ii. 17; (b) outer had (/) altar, 2 Chron. 
 iv. i ; (2) sea of brass on 12 oxen, 2 Chron. iv. 
 2-5 ; (j) ten lavers, 2 Chron. iv. 6; i Kings 
 vii. 27-39; (^) perhaps a grove of trees, Ps. Hi. 
 8; xcii. 12-14; 2) /0rdfc vestibule 180 ft. 
 high, 2 Chron. iii. 4; pillars Jachin and Boaz 
 at the entrance, I Kings vii. 15-22; 3) holy 
 place "greater house," 2 Chron. iii. 5; I 
 Kings vi. 17; (a) ten candlesticks, 2 Chron. 
 iv. 7 ; (b) ten tables, 2 Chron. iv. 8 ; (c) double 
 doors, i Kings vi. 31-33; (d) altar of incense, 
 i Kings vii. 48; 2 Chron. iv. 19; 4) holy of 
 holies "the oracle,'' I Kings vi. 16; 2 
 Chron. iii. 8; (a) cherubim, 2 Chron. iii. 
 10-13; () ark of the covenant, 2 Chron. v. 4-10 
 (cf. Ex. xxv. 10-22); 5) chambers for 
 priests three stories high, I Kings vi. 5~IO; 
 Jer. xxxvi. 10; Ezek. xl. 45, 46; xlii. 1-6. 
 Purpose of the temple: a. to centralize and locate 
 public worship of Jehovah (cf. Ps. Ixxxiv); 
 b. to bind together the tribes one altar, one 
 shrine, others forbidden, Deut. xii. 8-14; 
 Josh. xxii. 10-27; Deut. xvi. 16; i Kings xii. 
 26-28; c. to symbolize the truths of redemp- 
 tion, cf. Lev. i. 1-5; 2 Chron. vii. 1-14; Heb. 
 ix. 22; d. to symbolize the presence of 
 Jehovah among his people, cf. Ex. xx. 3, 4; 
 Lev. xxvi. n % 12; 2 Chron. vi. I, 2. 
 
102 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 5. History of Solomorts temple: a. dedication, (/) 
 assembly, (2) offerings, (j) Solomon's prayer, 
 I Kings viii. ; 2 Chron. v. i-vi. 42;^. popular 
 regard for the temple, Pss. xxvii. 4; xliii. 1-4; 
 cxxxii. 1-5; c. plundered by Shishak of 
 Egypt under Rehoboam, 2 Chron. xii. 9-11; 
 
 d. repairs under Joash, 2 Kings xii. 4-15; 
 
 e. desecration and plunder by Ahaz, 2 Kings 
 xvi. IO-I9;/". repairs by Hezekiah, 2 Chron. 
 xxix; g. desecration by Manasseh, 2 Chron. 
 xxxiii. 1-18; h. purification and repairs by 
 Josiah, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 1-13, 29-33; * 
 destruction by Nebuchadrezzar, 2 Chron. 
 xxxvi. 11-21; Jer. Hi. 12-23. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 16. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 6 and 7. 
 Solomon's Temple, plan in Hurlbut Man. Bib, 
 
 Geog., p. 71. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 27. 
 Edersheim, The Temple, its Ministry and Services. 
 Solomon, His Life and Times, Men of the B'ble, 
 
 chap. 8. 
 
 Perrot and Chipiez, Le Temple Jerusalem restitutes 
 Paine, The Temple of Solomon. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
NINTH PERIOD. 
 
 DUAL KINGDOM. DIVISION TO FALL OF 
 SAMARIA. B. C. 931-722. 
 
 57. DUAL RELIGIOUS DECLINE. I KINGS XI. 26 
 XV. 8; 2 CHRON. X-XIII. 
 
 Judah Rehoboam (17)*, Abijam (3). 
 Israel Jeroboam I (22). 
 
 1. Prophecies of disruption, i Kings xi. 9-13, 29- 
 
 39- 
 
 2. Causes of disruption: a. mediate: (/) old animos- 
 
 ities between kingdoms of Saul and David, 
 (2) Solomon's foreign domestic alliances, (j) 
 Solomon's idolatry, I Kings xi. 9-13; b. im- 
 mediate: (/) Ahijah's encouragement to Jer- 
 oboam, (2) Rehoboam's outrageous demands. 
 
 3. Events immediately connected with disruption , 2 
 
 Chron. x; I Kings xii. 1-19: a. Rehoboam 
 at Shechem; #. request of the people; ^.counsel 
 adopted by Rehoboam; d. Jeroboam's ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 4. Kingdom divided: a. Solomon's empire 60,000 
 
 square miles; b. portions sliced off by ene- 
 
 * Henceforth these numbers will indicate the length of reign of 
 the kings after whose names they stand. 
 
 103 
 
104 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 mies; c. territory of northern kingdom, 
 9,400 square miles; d. territory of Judah, 
 3,400 square miles. 
 
 5. Jeroboam's establishment and policy, i Kings 
 
 xii. 20 xiii. 34: a. coronation; b. army and 
 defences; c. system of worship, its localities 
 and purpose (cf. 2 Chron. xiii. 9) ; d. rebuke 
 and prophecy (cf. I Kings xiii. 2 with 2 Kings 
 xxiii. 1 6) of man of God. 
 
 6. Jeroboam's fate foretold, i Kings xiv: a. sick- 
 
 ness of Abijah; b. secret march on Ahijah; 
 
 c. Ahijah foretells, (/) death of Abijah, (2) 
 destruction of Jeroboam's house, (j) captivity 
 of Israel. 
 
 7. Rehoboam's establishment and policy, i Kings 
 
 xiv. 21-24; 2 Chron. xi: a. coronation; b. 
 attempt to suppress revolt; c. defences, 2 
 Chron. xi. 5-12; d. accessions from Israel, 
 2 Chron. xi. 13-17; e. sins of his house, 18- 
 
 23- 
 
 8. Invasion by Shishak of Egypt, i Kings xiv. 25 
 
 -28; 2 Chron. xii. 2-9: a. Solomon's early 
 relations with Egypt; b. probable provoca- 
 tion of Shishak; c. extent of his plunderings; 
 
 d. humility of Rehoboam ; e. death of Reho- 
 boam; /. character of Rehoboam. 
 
 9. Career of Abijam, i Kings xv. 1-8; 2 Chron. 
 
 xiii: a. walked in sins of his father; b. railed 
 against Jeroboam; c. warred against Jero- 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 105 
 
 boam, 400,000 against 800,000 respectively; 
 d. Abijam victorious; e. waxed mighty to end 
 of his reign \f. characterize him. 
 
 10. Locate all geographical points in this section. 
 
 11. Contemporaneous history: a. Syria; b. Egypt; 
 
 c. Assyria. 
 
 12. Prophets of these times: I. Judah: a. Shemaiah, 
 
 his work, 2 Chron. xi. 2; xii. 15; I Kings 
 xii. 22, 23; b. "man of God out of Judah/* 
 I Kings xiii. I, 5, 6, 7, 8; c. Iddo, 2 Chron. 
 xii. 15; xiii. 22. II. Israel: a. Ahijah the 
 Shilonite, I Kings xi. 29, 30; xii. 15; xiv. 
 2-16; b. old prophet, I Kings xiii. 11-31. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chap. i. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 122-4. 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 131-2. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 10 and 11. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 29 and half of 35. 
 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. I, 2 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 87, 88. 
 
 Sayce, Fresh Light, p. 100 sq. 
 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xii. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 208-10. 
 
106 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 ,gg ( REIGN OF ASA IN JUDAH. 
 
 * I FALL OF THREE DYNASTIES IN ISRAEL. 
 
 B. C. 912-871. 
 Judah Asa (41). 
 Israel Jeroboam (22), Nadab (2), Baasha 
 
 (24), Elah (2), Zimri (7 days). 
 I Kings xv. 8-xvi. 20; 2 Chron. xiv-xvi. 
 
 1 . Review briefly the events since the disruption. 
 
 2. Reforms of Asa: I. Religious: a. removing 
 
 Sodomites and idols; b. breaking down high 
 places, pillars; c. his queen-mother removed; 
 d. images of Asherim cut down; e. Israel 
 bade to seek Jehovah ; f. brought dedicated 
 things into house of Jehovah. II. Political: 
 a. fortified Judah; b. built cities; c. strength- 
 ened the army. 
 
 3. Aids to these reforms: a. counter-example of 
 
 Israel; b. immigration to Judah of those 
 loyal to Jehovah; c. presence of the prophets; 
 d. spirit of Jehovah in Asa's heart. 
 
 4. Asa's wars and alliances: #. victorious battle with 
 
 Ethiopia, 580,000 men against 1,000,000 
 men; b. Baasha of Israel builds Ramah; c. 
 Syria, Ben-hadad of Damascus bought off 
 by Asa with vessels of the temple; d. dis- 
 posal of Ramah. 
 
 5. Asa's relations with the prophets^ and the end of 
 
 his days: a. Azariah, son of Oded, result to 
 Asa and Israel, 2 Chron. xv. 1-7; b. Hanani 
 

DUAL KINGDOM. 107 
 
 the seer, result, 2 Chron. xvi. 7-10; c. dis- 
 ease of Asa; d. death and burial; e. length 
 of reign. 
 
 6. NadaVs character^ reign and death, I Kings xv. 
 25-31: a. second and last king of dynasty of 
 Jeroboam; b. began in second year of Asa; 
 c. did evil as his father; d. slain by Baasha at 
 the siege of Gibbethon. 
 
 7- Baasha 's character^ reign and death , i Kings xv. 
 27-xvi. 13; 2 Chron. xvi. 1-6: a. usurper; 
 b. began to reign in the third year of Asa, in 
 city of Tirzah; c. did evil as Jeroboam; d. 
 destroyed all the house of Jeroboam; e. in 
 his fourteenth year he fortified Ramah against 
 Judah; /. Ben-hadad's inroads on Israel; g. 
 Jehu's prophecy against Baasha; h. died and 
 buried in Tirzah; i. length of reign. 
 
 8. Elah's character^ reign and death, i Kings xvi. 
 
 6-14: a. second and last king of dynasty of 
 Baasha; b. began to reign in 26th year of 
 Asa; c. made Israel to sin, I Kings xvi. 12, 
 13; d. slain in a drunken row at Tirzah by 
 Zimri; e. length of reign. 
 
 9. Zimri's (7 days) reign and death, i Kings xvi. 
 
 9-20: a. usurper third dynasty; b. obliter- 
 ated house of Baasha; c. choice of people 
 was Omri, captain at Gibbethon ; d. siege of 
 Tirzah, and suicide of Zimri after seven days' 
 reign; e. similar suicides in secular history. 
 
108 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 10. Locate all geographical points in this section. 
 
 11. Contemporaneous history: a. Ethiopia; b. Syria; 
 
 c. Assyria. 
 
 12. Prophets of this section: I. Judah: a. Azariah, 
 
 son of Oded, 2 Chron. xv. 1-7; b. Hanani 
 the seer, 2 Chron. xvi. 7-10. II. Israel: 
 Jehu son of Hanani, I Kings xvi. I, 7. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chap. 2 in part. 
 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 2. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 12, and 13 
 
 in part. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, half of Lee. 35. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, Men of Bible 
 
 Series, chaps. 4-8. 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 87, 88. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 211. 
 
 59. REIGN OF THE HOUSE OF OMRI IN ISRAEL, 
 B. C. 885-842. 
 
 Omri (12), Ahab (22), Ahaziah (2), Jehoram 
 
 (12). 
 
 1. Give the kings of Israel in the last three dynas- 
 
 ties with length of reigns. 
 
 2. OmrVs reign and home policy, i Kings xvi. 
 
 16-29: a. usurper; b. began 27th year of 
 Asa; c. right disputed by Tibni, four years; 
 
 d. his capitals, (/) Tirzah, (2) Samaria; e. 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 109 
 
 religious policy, (/) advance on Jeroboam, I 
 Kings xvi. 25; (2) statutes adopted, Mic. 
 vi. 1 6.* 
 
 3. Omri's fonign relations, power and death: a. 
 
 with Moab, reduced Mesha, (cf. Records of 
 Past, 2d series, vol. ii., p. 200 sq. and 2 Kings 
 iii. 4); b. with Syria, when king of Syria 
 wrested cities from Omri, I Kings xx. 34; c. 
 with Zidonians, inferred from tradition and 
 Ahab's alliance; d. with Assyria, land of 
 Israel, called "Land of Omri" for several 
 generations; e. evidence of power, the loca- 
 tion of his new capital; /. his death; g. length 
 of reign. 
 
 4. Ahab's beginning, j8th year of Asa t I Kings 
 
 xvi. 29 xvii. i: a. alliance with Zidonians 
 through Jezebel; b. new religion introduced, 
 its character; c. persecution of servants of 
 Jehovah; d. Ahab's advance religiously, I 
 Kings xvi. 31, 33; e. Elijah's prophecy of 
 famine. 
 
 5. Ahab's course at home, i Kings xviii., xxi: I. a. 
 
 despair in famine; b. Elijah's appearance and 
 Obadiah; c. Ahab's salute; d. Elijah's 
 assembly at Carmel; e. Ahab's prophets' 
 vain attempt; /. Elijah's success and 
 slaughter; g. rain; h. Jezebel's wrath, and 
 pursuit of Elijah; i. public works of Ahab, 
 
 *Cf. also 2 Kings viii. 26. 
 
110 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 1 Kings xxii. 39. II. Naboth's vineyard: a. 
 Ahab's request; b. refused by Naboth; c. 
 Ahab's pettishness; d. Jezebel's infamy; e. 
 justice satisfied; f. law of inheritance; g. 
 Elijah at hand; h. Ahab's penitence; /. 
 Elijah's last message to Ahab. 
 
 6. Ahab's foreign relations and wars, i Kings xx., 
 
 xxii ; 2 Chron. xviii. : a. with Zidon and the 
 Phoenicians; b. with Ben-hadad of Syria: 
 (/) before Samaria: (a) with 32 allied kings, 
 (b) completely routed; (2) at Aphek: (a) 
 Ben-hadad routed, (b) saved, why? (c) Ahab 
 rebuked by son of aprophet; c. with Assyrians, 
 at Karkar (C. O. T., vol. i., pp. 182-195), 
 Ahab in league with several kings, defeated 
 by Shalmaneser II; d. with Jehoshaphat of 
 Judah, against Ramoth Gilead: (/) reception 
 at Samaria, (2) word of 400 prophets, (j) 
 word of Micaiah, (^) battle, (5) Ahab slain, 
 (6) Elijah's prophecy fulfilled, i Kings xxi. 19, 
 with xxii. 38; e. length of Ahab's reign. 
 
 7. Reign of Ahafrs son, Ahaziah, i Kings xxii. 40 
 
 2 Kings i. 18: a. alliance with Jehoshaphat; 
 b. his sin; c. sickness; d. inquiry of Baal- 
 zebub; e. rebuked by Elijah; f. fatality of 
 messengers; g. Ahaziah's death; h. length of 
 reign. 
 
 8. Reign of Ahab's son, Jehoram, 2 Kings i. 17; 
 
 iii. 1-27: a. religious revolution, 2 Kings iii. 
 

DUAL KINGDOM. Hi 
 
 3; b. war with Mesha, 2 Kgs. iii. 3-27; (/) 
 Jehoshaphat here, (2) Elisha's share in it; c. 
 Syrians at Dothan, 2 Kgs. vi. 8-23: (/) struck 
 blind, (2) well treated and sent home; d. Syr- 
 ians at Samaria, 2 Kgs. vi. 24-vii. 20: (/) fam- 
 ine, (2) Elisha's word, (j) outcome; e. disas- 
 trous visit of Ahaziah of Judah to Jehoram, 
 after battle ofRamoth Gilead, 2 Kgs. ix., x.; 
 2 Chr. xxii.;yi length of reign. 
 
 9. Locate all geographical joints in this section. 
 
 10. Contemporaneous history: a. Zidonians or 
 
 Phoenicians; b. Syrians; c. Assyrians; d. 
 Moabites. 
 
 11. Prophets in Israel in this section: a. Elijah; b. 
 
 Obadiah; c. two fifties in caves; </. 400 
 prophets; ^.Micaiah;/. the prophet, i Kings 
 xx. 13-22; g. man of God, i Kings xx. 28; 
 h* man of the sons of the prophets, I Kings 
 
 xx. 35- 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 2 and 4. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 125-136. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 14 and 15; 
 
 vol. vi. chaps, i, 4, 5, 7, 9. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 30. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 9, 10, 
 
 12, 13- 
 
 Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 87, 88. 
 Sayce, Fresh Light, pp. 102-104. 
 
112 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Cuneiform Inscriptions and Old Testament^ vol. t. 
 
 pp. 179-195. 
 
 " Moabite Stone " in Hastings, Diet, of the Bible; 
 also in Ball, Light, etc., pp. 239-40. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xiv. in part. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 212-13. 
 
 60. REIGN OF JEHOSHAPHAT OF JUDAH, 
 B. C. 871-847. 
 
 1. Give and characterize the kings of Judah thus 
 
 far studied. 
 
 2. Jehoshaphat' s beginning, i Kings xv. 24: 2 
 
 Chron. xvii: a. walked in the first ways of his 
 father David (2 Chron. xvii. 3); b. took away 
 Asherim and some high places ; c. sent princes, 
 priests and Levites to teach the law through- 
 out the cities of the land; d. set garrisons in 
 fenced cities of Judah and Ephraim; e. in- 
 creased the army to 1,160,000 men (xvii. 
 
 14-19). 
 
 3. Jehoshaphat' s relations with Israel, i Kings 
 
 xxii; 2 Kings iii; 2 Chronicles xviii: a. 
 Ahab: (/) visit of Jehoshaphat to Samaria, 
 (2) league against Syria, (j) 400 prophets, 
 (^) Micaiah, (5) battle of Ramoth Gilead, (6) 
 Jehoshaphat on return rebuked by Jehu son 
 of Hanani (2 Chron. xix. 1-3); b. Ahaziah 
 son of Ahab, i Kgs. xxii. 49 ; 2 Chr. xx. 35-37 : 
 (/) in a Tarshish navy, (2) Eliezer's rebuke (2 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 113 
 
 Chr. xx. 37), (j) fleet wrecked; c. Jehoram 
 son of Ahab, 2 Kgs. iii. 4-27 ; (/) against Mesha 
 of Moab, (2) Judah, Israel and Edom together, 
 ( j) Elisha's role, (4) victory, (5) human sacri- 
 fice, why did Israel withdraw? 
 
 4. Jehoshaphafs other foreign relations: a. Arabi- 
 
 ans and Philistines, peaceful, 2 Chron. xvii. 
 II ; b. Moabites, Ammonites, Seir (Syria, 2 
 Chron. xx. 2) or Edom: (/) meet atEn-gedi, 
 (2) Jehoshaphat's prayer, (j) prophecy of 
 Jahaziel, (4) song of praise, (5) victory with- 
 out a stroke, (6) spoil, (7) praise to Jehovah; 
 c. Syrians, see 3. a ; d. Mesha of Moab, see 3. c. 
 
 5. Close of Jehoshaphafs reign: a. makes Jehoram 
 
 his son regent with him, 2 Kings viii. 16: b. 
 distributes gifts, gold, silver and fenced cities 
 among his other six sons; c. died and buried 
 with his fathers in city of David; d. length 
 of reign. 
 
 6. Contrast the characters in these two sections ($9 
 
 and 60), e.g. Ahab and Jezebel, Ahab and Je- 
 hoshaphat. 
 
 7. Locate all geographical points in this section. 
 
 8. Prophets in this section: a. Jehu son of Hanani 
 
 the seer, 2 Chron. xix. 1-3; b. Jahaziel, 2 
 Chron. xx. 14-17 ; c. Eliezer, 2 Chron. xx. 37. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Additional to that under 59: 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap, n, sec. 2. 
 
114 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. II. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. andMon., 215. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vi. chaps. 5-7, and 9. 
 
 $61. THE GREAT PERIOD OF ORAL PROPHETS AND 
 ORAL PROPHECY. B. C. 931-800. 
 
 1. Prophets near the close of Solomon's reign: a. 
 
 Ahijah the Shilonite, 2 Chron. ix. 29; I 
 Kings xi. 29; b. Iddo the seer, 2 Chron. ix. 
 29; c. Nathan, 2 Chron. ix. 29. 
 
 2 . Minor prophets in the kingdom of Judah, give the 
 
 work of each: a. Shemaiah (under Rehoboam 
 
 1 Kings xii. 22-24; 2 Chron. xi. 2-4; xii. 5> 
 7, 15; b. Iddo (Rehoboam and Jeroboam), 
 Jeddo or Jedon (Josephus Antiq. viii. 8,9), 2 
 Chron. ix. 29; xii. 15; xiii. 22; c. Azariah 
 son of Oded (Asa), 2 Chron. xv. 1-8; d. 
 Hanani the seer, 2 Chron. xvi. 7-10; e. 
 Jehu son of Hanani the seer (Jehoshaphat), 
 
 2 Chron. xix. 2, 3; xx. 34; /. Jahaziel (Je- 
 hoshaphat), 2 Chron. xx. 14-1 7; g. Eliezer 
 (Jehoshaphat), 2 Chron. xx. 37. 
 
 3. Minor prophets in the kingdom of Israel, give 
 
 the work of each: a. Ahijah the Shilonite, 
 ((Solomon), Jeroboam), I Kings xi. 29-39; xii. 
 15; xiv. 2-18; xv. 29; 2 Chron. ix. 29; x. 
 15; b. Iddo, see 2. b\ c. Jehu son of Hanani 
 (Baasha), I Kings xvi. 1-5,7, 12; d. Micaiah 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 115 
 
 (Ahab), i Kings xxii. 8-28; 2 Chron. xviii. 
 
 7-27- 
 NOTE i. Iddo and Jeku prophesied in both kingdoms. 
 
 NOT 2. Prophet and man of God are frequently mentioned 
 without a hint as to their names; e.g., I Kings xiii. i, u; xx. 13, 22; 
 2 Chron. xxv. 7,1$. 
 
 4. Elijah's activity during the famine in Ahatfs 
 
 reign, I Kings xvii., xviii: a. his sudden ap- 
 pearance tribal relations? I Kings xvii. i: 
 
 b. dress, 2 Kings i. 8; c. famine: (/) foretold, 
 (2) Elijah atCherith, (j) at Zarephath: (a) 
 miracle of meal and oil, (b) raising dead; (^) 
 return and word of Obadiah, (j) Ahab's salu- 
 tation, (6) test at Carmel, (7) slaughter of 
 prophets of Baal (Deut. xiii. 6-9), (8) prayer 
 and rain, (p) Elijah runs before Ahab to Jez- 
 reel, (id) duration of famine, I Kings xviii. I ; 
 Luke iv. 25; James v. 17. 
 
 5. Elijah's activity during the remainder of Ahab's 
 
 reign, i Kings xix., xxi. 17-29: a. Elijah's 
 flight before Jezebel: (/) Jezebel's threat, (2) 
 Elijah in Beer-sheba, (j) miraculously fed, (^) 
 forty days and nights in Horeb, (5) God's 
 manifestation to him, cf. Ex. xxxiii. 21-23, (6) 
 commanded to anoint (a) Hazael over Syria, 
 (b) Jehu over Israel, (c) Elisha as his suc- 
 cessor; b. discovery and mantling of Elisha; 
 
 c. "hast thou found me, O mine enemy?" i 
 Kings xxi. 17-20: (/) Elijah's message, (2) 
 
116 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Ahab's sorrow, (j) sentence mitigated. 
 
 6. Elijah's later work: a. rebuked messengers of 
 Ahaziah, 2 Kings i. 3 sq.; b. consuming of 
 two fifties; c. Elijah's' message to Ahaziah; 
 d. Elijah's writing to Jehoram of Judah, 2 
 Chron. xxi. 12-15; e. his work among schools 
 of the prophets, 2 Kings ii. 1-7, 15-18; /. 
 his appointment of Elisha and his translation. 
 
 7 Elisha 's call and work among the sons of the 
 prophets: a. call and conduct, I Kings xix. 
 1 6-2 1 ; b. visit with Elijah to sons of the pro- 
 phets at Gilgal, Bethel, Jericho, 2 K. ii. 2-6; c. 
 translation of Elijah, and sons of the prophets 
 at Jericho, (/) before, (2) after; d. healing 
 the waters at Jericho; e. to Bethel, bears; J. 
 to Carmel; g. to Samaria; A. miracle of pot 
 of oil, 2 Kings iv. I sq.; i. Shunem, raising 
 Shunammite's son; j. to Gilgal, death in 
 the pot; k. multiplying food; /. iron swam, 
 2 Kings vi. 1-7. 
 
 8 Elisha' s work of a political or national charac- 
 ter: a. in war against Moab, 2 Kings iii. 1 1- 
 19; b. in healing Naaman 2 Kings v.: (/) 
 Naaman's source of information, (2) his ex- 
 pectation, (j) his submission, (^) his resolu- 
 tion, (5) Gehazi's sin and punishment; c. his 
 value to the king of Israel, 2 Kings vi. 8-10; 
 d. his fame abroad, 2 Kings vi. 12; e. be- 
 sieged in Dothan, enemy stricken with blind- 
 

 
DUAL KINGDOM. 117 
 
 ness, feasted, sent home; f. Syrians besiege 
 Samaria, 2 Kings vi. 24-vii. 20: (/) famine, 
 (2) Elisha's prophecy, (j) terror strikes the 
 enemy, (^) flight of Syrians and plenty for 
 Israel ; g. Elisha's influence restores Shunam- 
 mite's property, 2 Kings viii. 1-6; h. Elisha's 
 errand at Damascus, 2 Kings viii. 7-15; i. an- 
 ointing of Jehu, 2 Kings ix. 1-12; /. Elisha's 
 sickness, prophecy to Joash of Israel, and 
 death, 2 Kings xiii. 14-19; k. miracle with 
 bones of Elisha, 2 Kings xiii. 20, 21. 
 
 9. Compare the characters of Elijah and Elisha: a. 
 
 preparation for work; b. habits of life; c. 
 force of character; d. relations to rulers; e. 
 relation to sons of prophets. 
 
 10. Schools of the sons of the prophets:* a. head- 
 
 quarters: (/) Ramah, (2) Bethel, (j) Gilgal, 
 (^) Jericho, (5) Carmel, (6) Samaria; b. teach- 
 ers: (/) Samuel, i Sam. xix. 20, (2) Elijah, 
 (j) Elisha; c. things taught, (/) prophesying, 
 (2) sacred service and music; d. occupation, 
 (/) study and worship, (2) run errands, (j) 
 regular duties of a prophet; e. means of sub- 
 sistence: (/) gathered in fields, (2) gifts, 2 
 Kings iv. 42, 43; v. 21-24. 
 
 1 1 . Work of the prophets : a. to instruct the people 
 
 in the law; k. to convey the direct will of 
 God, mostly upon occasions of great moment; 
 
 *This topic is fully treated by the author in Old Testament Stm- 
 Cftt, March 1889. ) 
 
118 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 c. to forewarn and admonish rulers; d. to 
 embody in written form their instructions 
 direct from God ; e. to preserve a history of 
 their timest; /. to counteract all idolatrous 
 tendencies; g. to provide music, etc., at pub- 
 lic religious services, I Chron. xxv. 
 Remark. False prophets: I. a. old prophet of 
 Bethel, I Kings xiii. 1 1 ; b. 400 prophets with a 
 lying spirit, I Kings xxii. 6-8, 22,23; c - 45o proph- 
 ets of Baal, I Kings xviii. 19, 22, 40; ^.400 proph- 
 ets of Asherah, i Kings xviii. 19. II. a. are they 
 idolatrous prophets? b. are they perverted worship- 
 pers of Jehovah, wicked men? c. do they really 
 predict? d. their methods and means of procedure. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 2 Sam. i 2 Kings xiii. 20. 
 2 Chron. ix. 29 xx. 37. 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 3 and 5. 
 Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 3. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 1-3, 1014. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 29-31. 
 Elijah, His Life and Times, Men of Bible Series. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 214. 
 " Elijah " in Hastings, Diet, of the Bible. 
 Meyer, Elijah and the Secret of his Power. 
 
 f Several of the prophets mentioned in this section wrote works, 
 not one of which exists at the present day. This subject is 
 discussed by the author in the Bibliotheca Sacra, April 1889, under 
 the title, " The Lost Writings quoted and referred to in the Old 
 Testament." 
 

DUAL KINGDOM. 119 
 
 Price, The Schools of the Sons of the Prophets, 
 Old Test. Student, March 1889. 
 
 Price, The Lost Writings in the Old Testament, 
 Bibliotheca Sacra, April 1889. 
 
 C RELIGIOUS DECLINE IN JUDAH. 
 * ' ( CHECK TO IDOLATRY IN ISRAEL. 
 
 B. C. 849-798. 
 
 Judah Jehoram (8), Ahaziah (i), Athaliah 
 
 (7), Joash (40). 
 Israel Jehu (28), Jehoahaz (17). 
 
 I. Reign of Jehoram of Judah, 2 Kings viii. 
 16-24; 2 Chron. xxi. 1-20: a. regent with 
 his father, 2 Kings viii. 16; b. slew his 
 brethren why? 2 Chron. xxi. 1-4; c. daughter 
 of Ahab to wife, 2 Kings viii. 18; d. 
 walked in ways of kings of Israel; e. revolt 
 of Edomites why? /. revolt of Libnah; g. 
 high places made; h. letter from Elijah; i. 
 Jehoram's disease;/, raid of the Philistines and 
 Arabians, result; k. ignominious death and 
 burial; /. length of reign. 
 
 i. Reign of Ahaziah of Judah, 2 Kings viii. 24-29; 
 ix. 16-28; 2 Chron. xxii. 1-9: a. Ahaziah's 
 legacy, blood of Jezebel; b. walked in ways 
 of Ahab, by counsel; c. leagues with Jeho- 
 ram, his uncle, against Ramoth Gilead; d. 
 Jehoram wounded; e. Ahaziah 's visit to 
 Jezreel. 
 
12O OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Jehu's extirpation of the house of Omri, 2 Kings 
 
 ix x. 17; 2 Chron. xxii. 7-9: a. anointing 
 and coronation of Jehu at Ramoth Gilead, 2 
 Kings ix. 1-15; b. his explicit orders; c. haste 
 to Jezreel, vss. 16-20; d. murder of Jehoram, 
 21-26; e. murder of Ahaziah of Judah, 27-29; 
 /. death of Jezebel, 30-37; g. murder of 
 Ahab's seventy sons in Samaria, 2 Kings x. 
 1-9; h. murder of Ahab's kinsfolk, great men 
 and friends, 10-1 1 ; i. murder of forty-two of 
 Ahaziah 's brethren, 12-14; /. slaughter of all 
 that remained of Ahab in Samaria. 
 NOTE Jehonadab son of Rechab (cf. Jer. xxxv.) 
 
 4. Jehu's stroke at idolatry, 2 Kings x. II, 18-28: 
 
 a. murder of priests of Ahab, x. n; b. 
 slaughter of Baal worshippers, 18-25; c. 
 obelisks, pillar and house of Baal destroyed ; 
 d. but the calves of Jeroboam retained. 
 
 5. Jehu's enemies and death, 2 Kings x. 29-36: a. 
 
 his own heart, (/) in unwarranted wholesale 
 murder, (2) in sins of Jeroboam; b. Hazael of 
 Syria, x. 32, 33; c. Assyria, his tribute 
 thereto (C. O. T. vol. i. p. 199 sq.); d. 
 Jehovah's promise to Jehu; e. death and 
 burial in Samaria; f. length of reign. 
 
 6. Athaliatis usurpation, reign and death, 2 Kings 
 
 xi; 2 Chron. xxii. 10 xxiii. 21: a. ancestry, 
 Jezebel; b. bloody disposal of seed royal 
 except Joash; c. Baal worship in the lead. 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 121 
 
 2 Kings xi. 18; 2 Chron. xxiii. 17; xxiv. 7; 
 
 d. rise and influence of Jehoiada; e. assembly 
 and coronation of Joash; f. Athaliah slain. 
 
 7. Prosperous reign of Joash of Judah, 2 Kings 
 
 xi. 2, 12 xii. 16 ; 2 Chron. xxii. n; xxiii. 
 ii xxiv. 16: a. concealment; b. accession; 
 c. in seventh year of Jehu; d. did right; e. 
 repairs of house of Jehovah; /. Jehoiada's 
 prominent role; g. Jehoiada's death and 
 burial. 
 
 8. Disastrous reign of Joash of Judah^ 2 Kings 
 
 xii, 17-21; 2 Chron. xxiv. 17-27: a. 
 princes influential with the king; b. house of 
 Jehovah forsaken; c. prophets unheeded; d. 
 Zechariah, by king's demand, stoned; e. in- 
 vasion of the Syrians; /. Hazael bought off 
 by temple plunder; g. Joash's disgraceful 
 murder and burial; h. length of reign. 
 
 9. Reign of Jehoahaz (son of Jehu) of Israel, 
 
 2 Kings xiii. 1-9: a. began 23d year of 
 Joash of Judah; b. did evil as Jeroboam; c. 
 was delivered up to Hazael and Ben-hadad 
 of Syria; d. besought Jehovah; e. delivered 
 but weakened (cf. 2 Kings xiii. 23); /. death 
 and burial in Samaria;^-, length of reign. 
 
 10. Carefully point out all geographical points in 
 
 this section. 
 
 1 1 . Contemporaneous history: a. Edomites* revolt; 
 
 b. raid of Philistines and Arabians; c. Syria: 
 
122 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 (/) Ramoth Gilead, (2) Gath, (j> Jerusalem; 
 d. Assyria. 
 
 12. Prophets of this section: I. Judah: a. Elijah; b. 
 Zechariah. II. Israel: a. Elisha; b. son of 
 the prophets. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chap. 6. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 137-41. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vi. chaps. 15-17; 
 
 vol. vii. chaps. 1-3. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 32. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 14-19. 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Mon., pp. 389-98. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 1228-47. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xiv. 
 Sayce, Fresh Light, pp. 104-107. 
 Cuneiform Inscrip. and Old Test, vol, i. p. 199 sq. 
 
 63. RELIGIOUS DECLINE, REGAL PROSPERITY. 
 
 B. c. 799-735- 
 
 Judah Amaziah (29), Uzziah (52). 
 Israel Joash (16), Jeroboam II (41), Zech- 
 ariah (6m.). 
 
 1. Give kings of Israel and Judah to this point, 
 
 with length of reign of each. 
 
 2. Reign of Jo ask (son of Jehoahaz) of Israel \ 
 
 2 Kings xiii. 9 xiv. I, 8-16; 2 Chron. xxv. 
 17-24: a. departed not from sins of Jero- 
 

 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 123 
 
 boam, son of Nebat; b. visit to Elisha's 
 death-bed, result; c. in three victories he 
 recovered cities from Syria; d. Amaziah's 
 challenge; e. Joash's victory, plunder and 
 breaking down the walls of Jerusalem; f. 
 hostages taken; g. death and burial in 
 Samaria. 
 
 Reign of Amaziah (son of Jo ash) of Judah, 
 2 Kings xiv. 1-22; 2 Chron. xxv: a. did 
 right, yet not as David; b. slew his father's 
 murderers (see 62; % g.}\ c. army, 300,000; \ 
 d. 100,000 hired from Israel; e. rebuked by 
 a man of God, Amaziah sends them back; f. 
 their anger and raid of Judah's cities; g. 
 victory over Edom: (/) i o.ooo slain, (2) 10,000 
 cast from top of a rock; h. gods of Edom 
 brought home, set up and worshipped;/, 
 rebuked by a prophet \ j. challenges Joash of 
 Israel; k. Amaziah disastrously defeated; /. 
 slain by a conspiracy in Lachish. 
 
 Reign of Jeroboam II of Israel, 2 Kings 
 xiii. 13; xiv. 1 6, 23-29; xv. i: a. did evil in 
 sight of Jehovah, as Jeroboam I; b. restored 
 border of Israel from entering in of Hamath 
 to the sea of the Arabah (Dead Sea); c. all 
 according to Jonah's prophecy, 2 Kings xiv. 
 25; d. Jeroboam II Israel's helper; e. re- 
 covered Damascus; /. had great power and 
 prosperity; g. death and burial in Samaria. 
 
124 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 5. Condition of Israel at close of Jeroboam 1 s reign: 
 
 a. territorially next to Solomon; b. living 
 luxuriously, Amos Hi. 12; vi. 8, n, 14; c. in 
 low state of morals, Hos. iv. 13; Amos ii. 7; 
 iv. 1-8; viii. 12; d. fraudulent oppression, 
 Hos. v. i; Amos iii. 9; e. n earing state of 
 dissolution, Amos iii. 12; v. 27; vii. 17. 
 
 6. Reign of Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II) of 
 
 Israel, 2 Kings xv. 8-12: a. began 38th year 
 of Uzziah; b. "did as his fathers had done"; 
 c. last of dynasty of Jehu, smitten after six 
 months reign by Shallum, a conspirator; d. 
 promise to Jehu fulfilled, 2 Kings x. 30. 
 
 7. Reign of Uzziah (Azariah) of Judah, politi- 
 
 cally , 2 Kings xiv. 21, 22; xv. 1-7; 2 Chron. 
 xxvi: #. built Elath and restored it to Judah; 
 
 b. began, 16 years old, in 27th year of 
 Jeroboam II; c. conquered Philistines; d. 
 defeated Arabians in Gur-baal ; e. Ammonites 
 submissive; /. fame gone down to Egypt; g. 
 fortified Jerusalem; h. improved the country; 
 i. practiced husbandry; /. standing army 
 307,500; k. new weapons, offensive and 
 defensive; /. power famous abroad; m. God 
 made him to prosper as long as he sought 
 him. 
 
 8. Reign of Uzziah (Azariah) of Judah, religi- 
 
 ously: a. did nght as Amaziah; b. sought 
 God in days of Zechariah; c. took not away 
 
DUAL KINGDOM. 125 
 
 the high places; d. power fatal to him; c. 
 smitten with leprosy in the temple; f. thrust 
 out by priests to a several house; g. Jotham 
 his son regent; h. Uzziah's death and burial. 
 
 9. Contemporaneous history: a. Syria; b. Assyria; 
 
 c. Edom; d. Philistines and Arabians; e. 
 Ammon; f. Egypt. 
 
 10. Prophets in this section: I. Judah: <r. prophets 
 
 (to Joash), 2, Chron. xxiv. 19; b. man of God 
 and prophet (to Amaziah), 2, Chron. xxv. 
 7, 15; c. Zechariah, 2 Chron. xxvi. 5. II. 
 Israel: a. Jonah (to Jeroboam II) 2 Kings 
 xiv. 25. 
 
 11. Contemporaneous literary prophets: a. Jonah, 
 
 cf. i. i, with 2 Kings xiv. 25; b. Hosea i. I; 
 c. Amos i. i; d. Isaiah i. I. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 7 and 9. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 142-46. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 4-6. 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 33 and 37. 
 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 20-24. 
 
 Sayce, Fresh Light, pp. 106-109. 
 
 Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Jonah, 
 
 Jeroboam II. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., 248-68. 
 Farrar, F. W , The Minor Prophets, Men of the 
 
 Bible Series. 
 
126 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 , g4 C ANARCHY IN ISRAEL. 
 * ( IDOLATRY IN JUDAH. 
 
 B. C. 749-727. 
 
 Judah Jotham (16), Ahaz (16). 
 Israel Shallum (i m.), Menahem (10), Peka- 
 hiah (2), Pekah (20). 
 
 1. Reign of Shallum of Israel, 2 Kings xv. 10, 
 
 13-15: a. usurper, having slain Zechariah; b. 
 began 39th year of Uzziah ; c. slain at end of 
 a month by Menahem. 
 
 2. Reign of Menahem of Israel, 2 Kings xv. 14, 
 
 16-22: a. usurper, having slain Shallum; b. 
 smote and destroyed Tiphsah ; c. did evil as 
 Jeroboam ; d. tributary to Pul (Tiglath-pileser) 
 of Assyria; e. exactions from the people;/, 
 died. ' 
 
 3. Reign of Pekahiah (son of Menahem) of Israel, 
 
 2 Kings xv. 22-26: a. began in 5oth year of 
 Uzziah; b. did evil; c. slain in his capital at 
 Samaria by Pekah, his captain. 
 
 4. Reign of Pekah of Israel, 2 Kings xv. 25-31, 37; 
 
 xvi. 1,5: a. usurper; b. began 5 2d year of 
 Uzziah; c. did as Jeroboam; d. raid and cap- 
 tives of Tiglath-pileser of Assyria; e. league 
 with Rezin of Syria against Ahaz of Judah; 
 /. slain by Hoshea in a conspiracy, inspired 
 by Assyria. 
 
 5. Reign of Jotham (son of Uzziah) of Judah , 
 
 2 Kings xv. 5, 32-38; 2 Chron. xxvii: a. 
 

 
DUAL KINGDOM. 127 
 
 regent with Uzziah; b. did right as Uzziah, 
 but entered not into the temple of Jehovah; 
 
 c. built castles and towers in tops of mountains; 
 
 d. subjugated and subsidized Ammon; e. be- 
 came mighty because, 2 Chron. xxvii. 4-6; 
 /. death. 
 
 6. Reign of Ahaz of Judah> politically, 2 Kings 
 
 xvi. I -20; xvii. 13-20; 2 Chron. xxviii; 
 Isaiah vii. 1-20: a. began i/th year of 
 Pekah; b. delivered to Syria, results; c. 
 delivered to Israel with Pekah, results; d. 200,- 
 ooo captives returned at Oded's injunction; e. 
 Ahaz appeals to Tiglath-pileser for help ; /. 
 gifts of treasures; g. goes to Damascus to do 
 obeisance to Tiglath-pileser; h. raid of Philis- 
 tines on southeast; i. Ahaz's tribute to 
 Assyria. 
 
 7. Reign of Ahaz of Judah, religiously: a. did evil 
 
 as kings of Israel; b. made images of Baalim; 
 c. burnt his children in fire to Moloch; d. rob- 
 bed house of Jehovah ; e. made a Damascus 
 altar; f. sacrificed to the gods of Damascus; 
 g. shut up house of Jehovah; h. put idola- 
 trous altars in every corner of Jerusalem; i. 
 did according to the abominations of the 
 heathen whom Jehovah cast out from before 
 the children of Israel; /. death and burial. 
 
 8. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b. Syria; 
 
 c. Edom; d. Egypt. 
 
128 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 9. Kings of Israel and Judah mentioned in Assyrian 
 
 inscriptions: a. Uzziah ; b. Ahaz; c. Pekah; d. 
 Menahem. 
 
 NOTE "Land of Omri" is mentioned several times. 
 
 10. Prophets active in this section: I. Judah: a. 
 
 Isaiah; b. Micah. II. Israel: a. Amos; b. 
 Oded. 
 
 NOTE Several unnamed, as in 2 Kings xvii. 13. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 8 and 11-12. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 147-55. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 7 and 8. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 34 in part. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 24-27. 
 Ball, C. J.. Light from the East, pp. 170-9. 
 Cuneiform Inscriptions and Old Testament, vol. i. 
 
 pp. 215-257- 
 Sayce, Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments, 
 
 chap. 6. 
 
 Sayce, The Times of Isaiah. 
 Driver, S. R., Isaiah, Men of the Bible. 
 Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
 Expositor's Bible, Isaiah, vol. i. 
 McCurdy, Hist, Proph. and Mon., 269-341; 
 
 vol. ii. 634-48. 
 
TENTH PERIOD. 
 
 JUDAH ALONE. FALL OF SAMARIA TO 
 
 FALL OF JERUSALEM. 
 
 B. C. 722-586. 
 
 65. j 
 
 REFORM IN JUDAH. 
 DOWNFALL OF ISRAEL. 
 
 Judah Hezekiah (29). 
 Israel Hoshea (9). 
 
 HezekiaWs beginning against idolatry, 2 Kings 
 xviii. 1-8: a. did right as David; b. removed 
 high places; c. brake obelisks; d. cut down 
 Asherah; e, brake in pieces Moses' serpent. 
 
 Hezekiatfs reform in the temple service, 2 Chron. 
 xxix: a. opened doors of house of Jehovah; b. 
 priests sanctify themselves ; c. house of Jehovah 
 cleansed and sanctified; d. solemn sacrifices 
 with music of David and Asaph; e. burnt offer- 
 ings, priests helped by Levites ; f. great re- 
 joicing. 
 
 Observance of the passover, 2 Chron. xxx. xxxi. 
 i : a. last observance previous to this ; b. call 
 by letters to all from Dan to Beersheba; c. re- 
 sponse by Asher, Zebulun and Manasseh; d. 
 unclean of Ephraim, Manasseh, Issachar and 
 Zebulon eat the passover (vs. 19); e. passover 
 129 
 
130 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 observed fourteen days;/", gifts of Hezekiah 
 and princes; g. assembly destroys idolatry 
 out of the land. 
 
 4. Provisions for continuous temple worship, 2. 
 
 Chron. xxxi. 2-19: a. courses of Levites; b the 
 king's portion; c. Levites' portion in Jerusalem; 
 d. tithes renewed ; e. surplus provided for. 
 
 5. Hezekiatts -political 'prosperity, 2 Kings xviii. 7-13 : 
 
 a. rebelled against Assyria; b. conquered Phil- 
 istines; c. in favor with Egypt. 
 
 6. Hezekiah' s great prosperity why? 2 Chron. xxxi. 
 
 20, 21 ; 2 Kings xviii. 6, 7. 
 
 7. Reign of Hoshea of Israel, 2 Kings xvii. 1-4: a. 
 
 enthroned by Tiglath-pileser (Cun. Ins. vol. i. 
 p. 251 sq.); b. began in the i2th year of Ahaz; 
 
 c. tributary to Shalmaneser ; d. attempted 
 league with So of Egypt; e. imprisonment by 
 Shalmaneser. 
 
 8. Fall of Samaria (722 B. c.), 2 Kings xvii. 5, 6; 
 
 xviii. 9-11: a. beseiged by Shalmaneser of 
 Assyria b. at the end of three years captured 
 by his successor, Sargon; c. Sargon's own ac- 
 count of it, made captive 27,280 inhabitants; 
 
 d. put the country under a governor, most of 
 the inhabitants remaining in the land. 
 
 9. Why did Samaria and Israel fall? 2 Kings xvii. 
 
 7-23: a. sinned againet Jehovah; b. served 
 other gods ; c. built high Traces ; d. set up obe- 
 

JUDAH ALONE. 131 
 
 lisks and Asherim; e. disregarded seer and 
 
 prophet ; f. worshipped host of heaven ; g. 
 
 burnt children to heathen gods. 
 10. Fate of the captives, 2 Kings xvii. 6, 23; xviii. 
 
 1 1 : a. carried to Assyria, Halah, Habor, Gozan ; 
 
 b. scattered among the Medes. 
 n. Importations into Samaria^ 2 Kings xvii. 24-41: 
 
 a. Assyrian custom of deporting peoples; 
 
 b. sources of these importations; c. their trouble 
 in Samaria; d. priest of Jehovah returned to 
 them ; e. their gods ; f. their subsequent wor- 
 ship;^*, their name, Samaritans. 
 
 Rem. The Samaritans (Mon. & O.T., 262-74): a 
 their origin; 6. location; c. worship; d. later 
 attitude toward the Jews; e. Christ's words 
 concerning them; f. their later history; g. 
 present condition. 
 
 12. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b. Egypt; 
 
 c. Syria; d. Phoenicia. 
 
 13 Prophets active at this time: a. Isaiah; b. Micah. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 10 and 12. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 156-61. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chap. 10. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 38. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel andjudah, chaps. 28 and 
 
 29. 
 McCurdy, Hist, Proph. and Mon., 342-64; 
 
 vol. ii. 620-33; 649-59. 
 
132 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Cuneiform Inscriptions and Old Testament vol. i. 
 
 pp. 251-278. 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 185-6. 
 
 " Life and Times of Isaiah. 
 Driver, Isaiah, Men of the Bible. 
 Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
 Sinker, R., Hezekiah and his Age, chaps. 4-6. 
 
 $66. HEZEKIAH'S REIGN AFTER FALL OF SAMARIA, 
 
 1 . Review causes, siege and capture of Samaria. 
 
 2. Give the kings (/) of Judah (2) of Israel with 
 
 length of reigns. 
 
 3. Sargotfs invasion, 2 K. xviii. 13; Isa. x. 5-xi., xx: 
 
 a. for Sennacherib, substitute Sargon in 2 
 Kings xviii. 13; b. Jerusalem not disturbed; c. 
 Ashdod and Ethiopians made captives. 
 
 4. Hezekiah 's sickness, 2 Kings xx. i-i i; 2 Chron. 
 
 xxxii. 24-26; Isa. xxxviii: a. before Senna- 
 cherib's invasion: (/) treasury still full, Isa. 
 xxxix. 2, 6, contrasted with 2 Kings xviii. 
 14-16; (2) deliverance from Assyria still in 
 the future, Isa. xxxviii. 6; (j) no reference to 
 deliverance in Hezekiah's psalm of thanks- 
 giving inexplicable if that were past; (^) 
 Sennacherib began to reign, 705 B. C.; (5) 
 Hezekiah began to reign, 728 B. c. 3d year 
 of Hoshea of Israel, 2 Kings xviii. i, sick- 
 ness about 713 B. c. ; b. character, inflam- 
 matory cutaneous disease or ulcers, Lev. xiii. 
 

JUDAH ALONE. 133 
 
 8; Ex. ix. 9sq.; Deut. xxviii. 27; Job. ii. 7; 
 
 c. meaning: (a) urge Hezekiah to better 
 works; (b) turn him to himself and to his 
 God, Isa. xxxviii. 17; d. Isaiah's prophecy, 
 Isa. xxxviii. 1-8; 2 Kings xx. 5, 6; e. dial or 
 steps, of Ahaz: (a) asking for signs frequent, 
 Judg. vi. 17, 36 sq.; I Sam. ii. 34; Matt. xii. 
 38; xvi. I, etc.; (b) 2 Kings xx. n, says 
 shadow, Isaiah says shadow with the sun\ 
 (c) was it (/) refraction, (2) eclipse (there was 
 one Sep. 13, 713 B. C.), (j) optical illusion, 
 or (4) miraculous. 
 
 5. Hezekiah *s psalm of thanksgiving, Isa. xxxviii. 
 
 10-20: Analyze this carefully after three 
 attentive readings. 
 
 6. Embassy of M(B)erodach-baladan(cii. 7IOB. C), 
 
 2 Kings xx. 12-19; 2 Chron. xxxii. 31; Isa. 
 xxxix: a. who were they? b. relations to 
 Assyria; c. purpose of embassy: (/) con- 
 gratulations, (2) inquire about dial, (j) affect 
 a league, (4) espionage, (5) on God's part, 
 "God left him to try him that he might know 
 all that was in his heart," 2 Chron. xxxii. 31 ; 
 
 d. reception: (/) friendly, (2) intimacy estab- 
 lished, (j) pride exhibited; e. result: (/) to 
 Hezekiah, (a) rebuke by Isaiah, (b) captivity 
 foretold, (c) God's right recognized; (2) to 
 embassy: (a) knew Judah and Jerusalem, (b) 
 strengthened themselves in the southwest. 
 
134 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 7. Sennacherib's invasion (701 B. c.), Isa. xiv. 24- 
 
 27; xxxvi xxxvii. 38; 2 Kings xviii. 14 
 chap, xix; 2 Chron. xxxii. 1-23 (cf. Isa. xxii. 
 1-14; xvii. 12-14; xviii. 1-7): a. who was 
 Sennacherib? b. object of this expedition; c. 
 time of his approach to Palestine, Isa. x; d. 
 Hezekiah's water works; e. first demands 
 before Jerusalem: (/) language spoken, (2) 
 arguments for surrender; f. second set of 
 messengers to Jerusalem; g. Hezekiah's use 
 of the letter; h. Judah's relations to Egypt; 
 /. Isaiah's protest against alliance, Isa. xviii., 
 xix., xx. 4-6; xxx. i-7;/. Hezekiah's tribute 
 to Sennacherib; k. influence on Judah, Isa. 
 xxii; /. fate of Assyrian army; m. Byron's 
 poem; n. Isaiah's prophecy; o. death of 
 Sennacherib. 
 
 8. During Hezekiah's whole career, review by events 
 
 even to details: a. reforms political and relig- 
 ous; b. capture of Samaria; c. Sargon's in- 
 vasion; d. Hezekiah's sickness; e. embassy 
 from Babylon; f. Sennacherib's invasion; g. 
 Isaiah's prominence in his reign; h. Heze- 
 kiah's death. 
 
 9. Contemporaneous history, cf. especially Rawlin- 
 
 son and Sayce's late works: a. Assyria; 
 b. Babylon; c. Syria; d. Ethiopia; e. Egypt. 
 
 10. Prophets active at this time: a. Isaiah; b. Micah. 
 
 Literature: 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 13-17, vol. v. i. 
 

JUDAH ALONE. 135 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 162-81. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. I i-i 3. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 38 in part. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 29. 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Mon., pp. 428-44. 
 
 " Life and Times of Isaiah. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., vol. ii. 660-8; 
 
 669-74; 675-743. 
 Driver, Isaiah, Men of the Bible. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xv. 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 187-199. 
 Bennett, The Diseases of the Bible, p. 102 sq. 
 Sinker, Hezekiah and his Age, chaps. 7-10. 
 
 67. REIGNS OF MANASSEH(55) AND AMON (2). 
 B. C. ca. 698-641. 
 
 2 Kings xxi; 2 Chron. xxxiii. 
 
 1. Condition of Judah at the close of Heztkiah's 
 
 reign: a. religiously; b. politically. 
 
 2. Accession of Manasseh: a. at twelve years of 
 
 age; b. had a righteous father, and probably 
 a righteous mother; c. but evil counsellors. 
 
 3. Reasons for an anti-religious movement: a. su 
 
 premacy of Jehovah worship since Ahaz's 
 time; b. presence of idolaters in the court; 
 . presence of foreigners in the land; d. seem- 
 ing scarcity of prophets and faithful priests. 
 
136 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 4. Kinds of heathen worship revived and introduced, 
 
 describe each: a. high places; b. Baal; c. 
 Asherah; d. all the host of heaven; e. burnt 
 his children in fire, see $24. 8; /.practiced 
 augury and enchantments. 
 
 NOTE. Valley of Hinnom-Tophet, Jer. vii. 31, 32; Ezek. xxiii. 
 37, 39- 
 
 5. Manasseh s persecutions of the faithful: a. shed 
 
 innocent blood, very much, 2 Kings xxi. 16 
 b. traditional death of Isaiah; c. cf. Jezebel 
 and Athaliah's persecutions conflicts be- 
 tween idolatry and true worship. 
 
 6. Jehovah's prophets and words to Manasseh, 2 
 
 Kings xxi. 10-16; 2 Chron. xxxiii. 10: a. 
 some prophets still alive ; b. Jerusalem to be 
 as Samaria; c. remnant to be delivered into 
 the hands of spoilers; d. servant to Assyria. 
 
 7. Manasseh s captivity, 2 Chron. xxxiii. 11-13; <* 
 
 Judah in league with S. W. peoples against 
 Assyria; b. Asurbanipal, king of Assyria 
 and Babylon, captures Manasseh; c. peni- 
 tence; */. return; . occurred about 647 B.C. 
 
 8. Manasseh 's reform and death: a. fortifies Jerusa- 
 
 lem and Judah; b. casts out idols; c. builds altar 
 of Jehovah; d. bids all serve him; e. death. 
 
 9. Anton's reign, 2 Kings xxi. 19-26; 2 Chron. 
 
 xxxiii. 21-25; # "Amon" is the name of an 
 Egyptian deity; b. began at 22 years of age; 
 c. did evil as Manasseh; d. served images 
 Manasseh had made; e. slain by his servants 
 in his own house; f. buried in his own sep- 
 ulchre. 
 

JUDAH ALONE. 137 
 
 10. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b. Baby- 
 
 lon; c. Egypt. 
 
 11. Prophets active: a. 2 Kings xxi. 10; b. 2 Chron. 
 
 xxxiii. 10; c. 2 Chron. xxxiii. 18; d. Nahum. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. 2-4. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 182-92, 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chap. 14. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 39. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 30, 
 
 Si- 
 
 Sayce, Fresh Light from Ancient Mon., p. 129 sq. 
 Cun. Inscrip. and Old Test., vol. ii. pp. 39-43, $3-59. 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 200-2. 
 
 68. JOSIAH'S REIGN AND REFORMS. 
 B. c. 640-608. 
 
 ? Kings xxii xxiii. 30; 2 Chron. xxxiv., xxxv; 
 Jer. i x; Zeph. i iii. 
 
 1. Accession of Josiah: a. at eight years of age; b. 
 
 walked in ways of David his father. 
 
 2. Condition of Judah at beginning of Josiah's 
 
 reign: a. politically; b. religiously. 
 V Reasons for a revival: a. the pendulum now 
 swings back; b. Josiah 's early training; c. 
 faithful few; d. preaching of the prophets; e. 
 probably a Scythian invasion, Ez. xxxviii. 2-13. 
 
138 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 4. JosiaWs purifications in and out of Jerusalem: 
 
 a. of idols: (/) Asherah in the temple, (2) Baal 
 vessels, etc. , (j) graven and molten images 
 of all kinds, (^) sun images, (5) horses and 
 chariots of the sun; b. places of worship: (/) 
 high places, (2) Tophet, (j) houses of 
 Sodomites, (^) altars of Ahaz on housetops, 
 (5) altars of Manasseh in courts of house of 
 Jehovah, (6) high places of Solomon, (7) 
 altar of Jeroboam son of Nebat at Bethel, 
 (<?) high places in Samaria, Simeon and 
 Naphtali; c. worshippers: (/) put down idola- 
 trous priests at Jerusalem, (2) sacrificed the 
 priests on the altars,(j) burned priests' bones 
 on the altar, (4.) remarkable fulfillment of 
 prophecy, 2 Kings xxiii. 16, with I Kings 
 xiii. 2 (345 years earlier). 
 
 5. Repairs of the temple and discovery of the law: 
 
 a. collections inside and outside of Jerusalem; 
 
 b. repairs of wood and stone; c. scroll of law 
 found that it had existed at an earlier day 
 is shown: (/) by its instant recognition, (2) 
 by its briefness, as only Deuteronomy could 
 have been read through in one session, (j) at 
 coronation of Joash, the testimony was put 
 into his hands, (^) David directed services 
 according to the law of Jehovah, (5) Joshua 
 read the law at Gerizim; d. in 1 8th year of his 
 reign. 
 

JUDAH ALONE. 139 
 
 6. Effect of this "find" on king and people: a. at its 
 
 reading Josiah rends his clothes; b. Huldah, 
 the prophetess, inquires of Jehovah for him; c. 
 people assembled; d. law read; e. covenant 
 entered into. 
 
 7. Re-institution of the passover: a. exactly in 
 
 accordance with the law; b. more complete 
 than since the judges; c. further cleansing of 
 the land of witches, etc. 
 
 8. Real condition of Judah as a people: Jer. i x. 
 
 9. Relations of Egypt to the East, Nineveh and 
 
 Babylon. 
 
 10. Josiah 's rashness and death: a. Necho's expedi- 
 
 tion; b. Josiah 's eastern lord, who was he? c. 
 Josiah rebuked; d. rashness and death; e. 
 elegy of Jeremiah and mourning of all Israel. 
 
 11. Josiah' s character and work: a. intensely religi- 
 
 ous; b. poor politician; c. medium force; d. 
 work necessarily superficial; e. not always 
 wise. 
 
 12. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b. Baby- 
 
 lon; c. Egypt. 
 
 13. Prophets active now: a. Huldah; b. Jeremiah; 
 
 c. Nahum; d. Zephaniah. 
 Literature : 
 
 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. 5, 8-n. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 193, 194. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 1 5 and id 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 39 in part 
 
140 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 32. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., vol. ii. 807- 
 
 20. voliii., Bk. IX. chaps. 1-5. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xvii. in part. 
 Cheyne, T. K., Jeremiah, Men of the Bible. 
 Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 25 in part. 
 Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
 
 $69. DECLINE UNDER JEHOAHAZ (3 M.) 
 AND JEHOIAKIM (ll). 
 
 B. C. 608-598. 
 
 2 Kings xxiii. 30 xxiv. 6; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 1-8; 
 Jer. xiv.-xx.; xxvi., xxii. 13-19; xxv., (xlvi.- 
 xlix.), xxxv., xxxvi., xlv. 
 
 1 . Give the kings of Judah in order, with length 
 
 of reigns. 
 
 2. Condition of Judah at accession of Jehoahaz. 
 
 3. Career of Jehoahaz; 2 Kings xxiii. 30-34; 2 
 
 Chron. xxxvi. 1-4; Jer. xxii. u, 12: a. made 
 king by the people; b. deposed after three 
 months by Necho; c. land taxed; d. Jehoahaz 
 exiled in Egypt. 
 
 4. JehoiakMs accession: a. set up by Necho as his 
 % subject; b. name changed from Eliakim; c. 
 
 tribute paid to Egypt. 
 
 5. Jeremiah's deliverance to Jehoiakim^ xxxv., xxvi. 
 

 
 
JUDAH ALONE. 141 
 
 i-n: a. captivity of Judah; b. fall of Jeru- 
 salem; c. overthrow of Babylon; d. fall of 
 all the nations of the East, all on account of 
 sins of Judah. 
 
 6. JehoiakMs religious policy: a. suppression of 
 
 the prophets: (7) Urijah, (2) Jeremiah, (j) 2 
 Kings xxiv. 4; b. destruction of prophecies 
 against himself: (/) events leading to the read- 
 ing of the roll, (2) cutting and burning the 
 same, (j) hunt for the originators. 
 
 7. Jehoiakim politically: a. vassal of Egypt three 
 
 years, 2 Kings xxiii. 33 : b. beautified his palace, 
 Jer. xxii. 14; c. fourth year he submits to 
 Nebukadrezzar, King of Babylon (cf.Jer. xlvi. 
 7-10) 2 Kings xxiv. i; d. in eighth year he 
 rebels against Nebukadrezzar, 2 Kings xxiv. 
 i ; e. punished by bands, 2 Kings xxiv. 2 ; f. 
 captured by Nebukadrezzar, 2 Chron. xxxvi. 
 7;*. end of Jehoiakim, Jer. xxxvi. 30; xxii. 
 18, 19. 
 
 8. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b. Baby- 
 
 lon; c. Egypt; d. Syria. 
 
 9. Prophets active here: a. Jeremiah; b. Urijah; 
 
 c. Zephaniah; d. Habakkuk. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. 13-15. 
 Price, Monuments and O. T., 195-8; 199-201. 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 16 and 17. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 33. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph., etc., vol. ii. 821-33. 
 vol. iii., Bk. IX. chaps. 6 and 7. 
 
142 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 70. FINAL DECLINE UNDER JEHOIACHIN (3 M.) 
 AND ZEDEKIAH (ll). B.C. 597-586. 
 
 I. Jehoiachin, 2, Kings xxiv. 8-16; xxv. 
 
 27-30; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 9, 10; Jer. xxii. 
 20-30 ; xiii. 
 
 1. Political status of Judah: a. subject to Babylon ; 
 
 b. probably suspecting revolt, Nebukadrezzar 
 lays siege to Jerusalem; c. king, princes, arti- 
 zans, come out and surrender; d. carried to 
 Babylon. 
 
 2. Religious policy of Jehoiachin: a. did evil in 
 
 the sight of Jehovah; b. provoked Jeremiah, 
 who called him a " despised broken vessel" 
 (xxii. 28); c. brought on his captivity. 
 
 3. Jeremiah's attitude: a. Jer. xiii. 18-21; b. xxii. 
 
 24-30. 
 
 II. Zedekiah, 2 Kings xxiv. 17 xxv. 7; 2 
 Chron. xxxvi. 11-16; Jer. xxvii.-xxix., 1., li. ; xxi. 
 i-xxii. 9 ; xxiv., xxxvii., xxxiv., xxx.-xxxiii. 
 
 1. Accession : a. third son of Josiah; b. began 598 
 
 B. C.; c. Mattaniah (gift of Jah) changed 
 to Zedekiah (righteousness of Jah), cf. Jer. 
 xxiii. 5, 6; d. vassal to Babylon. 
 
 2. Religious -policy of Zedekiah : a. largely in the 
 
 hands of the princes, hostile to Jeremiah, yet 
 strongly influenced by him; cf. Jer. xxxviii. 
 14-28. 
 

 
JUDAH ALONE. 143 
 
 3. Embassies to Babylon : a. with Jeremiah's letter, 
 
 Jer. xxix. 1-20; b. Zedekiah's trip to Baby- 
 lon, Jer. li. 59-64: (/) to relieve suspicions, 
 (2) to re-affirm allegiance to Babylon. 
 
 4. Political entanglements with Egypt: a. advice of 
 
 the Egyptian party; b. new king, Hophra, on 
 throne of Egypt; c. false prophecies about 
 early fall of Babylon, Jer. xxviii. i-n; d. 
 petty kings who were ambassadors to Jeru- 
 salem, Jer. xxvii. 3, 4; e. Zedekiah sent 
 ambassadors to Egypt to negotiate an alli- 
 ance, Ezek. xvii. 15; f. league with Egypt 
 probably made; g. open rebellion against 
 Babylon, 2 Kings xxiv. 20; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 
 13 (588 B. C.). 
 
 5. Jeremiah's zeal against Zedekiah's decision: a. 
 
 avoid Egypt; b. be faithful to Babylon; c. 
 serve Jehovah. 
 
 6. Approach of the Babylonian army : a. the 
 
 army with Nebukadr ezzar in person ; b. re- 
 course to divination, Ezek. xxi. 20-22; c. 
 ravaging of Judah; d. encampment about 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 7. Contemporaneous history: a. Babylon; b. Egypt; 
 
 c. Media. 
 
 8. Prophets active now: a. Jeremiah; b. 2 Chron. 
 
 xxxvi. 1 6. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. 17 and 18. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 202. 
 
144 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chap. 17. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40 in part. 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 34. 
 Cun. Inscrip. and Old Testament, vol. ii. pp. 37-42- 
 Cheyne, Jeremiah, His Life and Times. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., vol. iii., Bk. X. 
 
 chaps. 1-3. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xvii. in part. 
 

ELEVENTH PERIOD. 
 
 EXILE. FALL OF JERUSALEM TO FALL 
 OF BABYLON. B. C. 586-538. 
 
 71. THE FALL OF JERUSALEM. 
 586 B. C. 
 
 Jer. xxv. 8-38; xxi. i xxii. 1-9; xxiv., xxxvii., 
 
 xxxiv., xxxii.-iii.; 2 Kings xxv. 8-22; 2 Chron. 
 
 xxxvi. 17-21; Jer. Hi. 12-30; Jer, 
 
 xxxix., xl. 
 
 1. Its prediction, when and by whom? a. Isaiah 
 
 to Hezekiah, 2 Kings xx. 17; b. prophets to 
 Manasseh, 2 Kings xxi. 10-16; c. Huldah 
 to Josiah, 2 Kings xxii. 16, 17, with Deut. 
 xxviii. 25, 52-68; d. Jeremiah to Jehoiakim, 
 Jer. xxv. 9-1 1 ; e. Jeremiah to Zedekiah, Jer. 
 xxxiv. 2, 3; of the minor prophets, Micah iii. 
 12; vii. 13; Zephaniah i. 2-6. 
 
 2. Mediate and immediate causes: I. mediate: a. 
 
 alliances between Solomon and outside 
 peoples; b. between Jehoshaphat and Ahab; 
 
 c. corruption of kings of Judah; d. rebellion 
 of kings of Judah against their masters. II. 
 immediate: a. entanglements with Egypt; b. 
 Zedekiah's rebellion against Babylon ; c. his 
 disregard of Jeremiah and all the prophets; 
 
 d. his obstinacy at the siege. 
 
 145 
 
146 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. The investment: a. location of the city; b. camp 
 
 of Babylonians; c. methods of siege; d. time. 
 
 4. Occur ences during the siege : a. attack begun ; b. 
 
 slaves set free, xxxiv. 8, 9; c. army departs and 
 defeats Egyptians; d. re-enslaving the free, 
 xxxiv.n;^. Jeremiah's rebuke; f. Jeremiah's 
 arrest and imprisonment, xxxvii. 15; g. army 
 returns and continues the siege; h. Zedekiah's 
 favor toward Jeremiah ; princes' ill-treatment 
 of him;y. famine at hand, xxxvii. 21; xxxviii. 9. 
 
 5. Capture and plunderings, at end of eighteen 
 
 months: a. breach made in the walls ; b. flight 
 of king and army; c. capture of king and 
 attendants ; d. carrying off the population. 
 
 6. Treatment of the captives: a. Zedekiah con- 
 
 demned at Riblah; b. his sons and princes 
 slain before him; c. his own eyes put out; 
 d. sent in fetters to Babylon. 
 
 7. Kindness to Jeremiah, Jer. xxxix. Il-I4;xl. 1-6. 
 
 8. Nebuzaradan's return and destruction of Jeru- 
 
 salem: a. plunderings; b. fire; c. razing the 
 walls; d. carrying away the people. 
 
 9. Review the five captivities of Jerusalem by 
 
 Nebukadrezzar^ cf. Jer. Hi. 28-3O.cf. 73. 2. 
 
 10. Significance of the fall of Jerusalem for Judah: 
 
 a. end of city of David; b. end of the nation; 
 c. end of the temple* centre of Jehovah wor- 
 ship ; d. end of a home for Israel. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chaps. 3-6. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Testament, 203. 
 
THE EXILE. 147 
 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40. 
 
 Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 34. 
 
 Cun. Inscrip. and Old Testament, vol. ii. pp. 47-51. 
 
 Cheyne, Jeremiah, His Life and Times. 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East, pp. 203-6. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., vol. iii., Bk. X. 
 
 chaps. 4-5. 
 Price, Syllabus of the Minor Prophets, pp. 13, 15. 
 
 72. REMNANTS IN PALESTINE AND BGYFT. 
 
 2 Kings xxv. 22-26; Jer. xl-xliv; Ezek. xxxvi. 
 
 1 . Provisions of Nebukadrezzar for the remnant 
 
 in Palestine: ^.Gedaliah appointed governor 
 by Nebukadrezzar over all remaining in the 
 cities and in the country ; b. his exhortations 
 to the people; c. return of the Jews out of 
 / Moab, Ammon and Edom. 
 
 2. Murder of Gedaliah by Ishmael of seed royal: 
 
 a. Gedaliah warned by Johanan; b. Gedaliah, 
 Jews and Chaldeans smitten at Mizpah; c. 
 Ishmael slays seventy men from Shechem; d. 
 ten from Shechem saved; e. leads captive 
 the house of Gedaliah. 
 
 3. Johanarts supremacy: a. Johanan's pursuit of 
 
 Ishmael; b. Ishmael's flight and return of 
 captives; c. Johanan's victory, and home near 
 Bethlehem. 
 
148 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 4. Jeremiah's word-of-Jehovah to this remnant: a. 
 
 be content here and Jehovah will build you 
 up; b. enter Egypt and ye shall die by sword, 
 pestilence and famine. 
 
 5. Their flight into Egypt: a. against Jeremiah's 
 
 warnings they go down to Egypt; b. Jeremiah 
 and Baruch taken along; c. other Jews there, 
 Jer. xxiv. 8, 9; xliv. I. 
 
 6. Jeremiah's prophecy at Tahpahnes: a. announc, 
 
 ing Nebukadrezzar's supremacy there; b. de- 
 struction of Egypt's gods; c. destruction of 
 the Jews on account of their wickedness. 
 
 7. Social and literary surroundings of the Jews 
 
 in Egypt: a. abundant wealth; b. luxury on 
 all hands; c. vice regnant; d. idolatry every- 
 where; e. women's replies to Jeremiah. 
 
 8. End of the Jewish exiles in Egypt: a. perished 
 
 there for the most part; b. a few returned to 
 Judah, Jer. xliv. 14, 27; c. some were carried 
 to Babylon (Josephus). 
 
 9. Political history of Egypt during the exile of 
 
 these Jews. 
 
 I o. EzekieVs prophecies concerning the fate of Egypt. 
 Chaps, xxix. 17-21; xxx., xxxii. 
 
 11. Condition of Palestine during the remaining 
 
 years of the Babylonian exile. 
 
 12. Means of intercommunication between the exiled 
 
 Jews of various countries. 
 
THE EXILE. 149 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chaps. 9 and IO. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40 in part. 
 Old Test. Student, June 1888. 
 Cheyne, Jeremiah, His Life and Times. 
 Ball, The Prophecies of Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible. 
 Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 26 in part. 
 
 73. THE BABYLONIAN EXILE OF THE JEWS. 
 
 Ezek. iii., xi. 14-25; xii. 21-28; xiv., xvii xx., 
 xxxiii., xxxiv; Jer. xxix; Dan. i., ii. 
 
 1. Its prediction, when and by whom? a. Isaiah to 
 
 Hezekiah, 2 Kings xx. 17, 1 8; b. Micah to 
 Judah, iv. 10; c. Jeremiah, xxv. 11; xxxiv. 
 2, 3, etc. 
 
 2. Captivities initiating this exile all by Nebu- 
 
 kadrezzar: a. third year of Jehoiakim, (605 
 B. c.), 2 Kings xxiv. i; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 6, 7; 
 Dan. i. I, 2; b. close of Jehoiakim's reign, 
 (598 B, c.), Jer. Hi. 28, 3,023 persons; ^.begin- 
 ning of Jehoiachin's reign (597 B. c.), 2 
 Kings xxiv. 10-16; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 10, 10,000 
 persons; d. double deportation at fall of 
 Jerusalem, (/) 2 Kings xxv. 8-21; 2 Chron. 
 xxxvi. 18-20; Jer. xxxix. 8-10; Hi. 12-27, 
 (2) Jer. Hi. 29, 832 persons; e. deportation 
 of a remnant, Jer. Hi. 30, 745 persons, (581 
 
 B. C.). 
 
150 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Babylonian empire: a. extent; b. capital; c. 
 
 king; d. political policy; e. religious policy; 
 /. history. 
 
 4. Localities assigned to the exiles: a. in Babylon, 
 
 e.g. Daniel and companions; b. on the Che- 
 bar, e. g. Ezekiel; c. among all the peoples of 
 the empire, Jer. xxix. 14, 18; iii. 18, and often. 
 5- Classes of exiles: a. those in favor with the 
 court, Dan. i. 19-21; ii. 46-49; b. common 
 laborers lower classes, Jer. xxix; Ezek. 
 xiii; c. pretentious prophets, Ezek. xiii; Jer. 
 xxix. 
 
 6. Social condition of the exiles: a. Jehoiachin, 2 
 
 Kings xxv. 27, and Daniel, i. 19-21, etc.; , 
 others ill treated, cf. Isa. liv. II ; c. well treated, 
 cf. Jer. xxix. 4-7; also Ezek. and Esther 
 throughout; d. maintained family and tribal 
 relations. 
 
 7. Political condition of the exiles: a. subjects of 
 
 Babylon; b. with longing for Jerusalem; c. 
 other points? 
 
 8. Religious condition of the exiles, cf. Geikie, vi. 
 
 16: a. idolatry rampant, cf. Ezek. xx. 30- 
 39; b. false prophets active, Jer. xxix. 4-8; 
 c. Ezekiel faithful to Jehovah; d. a few fol- 
 lowers cling to the true faith; e. other points? 
 
 9. Institutions during the exile: a. fasts, Zech. vii. 
 
 2, 3, 5; b. schools, Ezra viii. 15-20. 
 
 10. Literary activity in the exile: a. Jeremiah's 
 
THE EXILE. 151 
 
 latter prophecies, given in Egypt; &. Ezekiel's 
 (592-570 B. C.) wonderfully logical and forci- 
 ble prophecies; c. Ezra's collection and editing 
 of texts; d. establishment of schools, formu- 
 lating of lengthy traditions, etc. 
 
 11. Daniel in Babylon: #. trained in the court; b. 
 
 employed in the court; c. interprets Nebu- 
 kadrezzar's dream, Dan. i. 16-21; ii. 1-49. 
 
 12. Contemporaneous history of Babylon. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chap. 20; vi. chaps, n and 13. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Test., 204-6; 2215. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 41. 
 Daniel, His Life and Times, Men of the Bible. 
 McCurdy, Hist., Proph. and Mon., vol. iii., Bk. X. 
 
 chaps., 6-8; Bk. XL chaps. 1-3. 
 Kinns, Graven in the Rock, chap. xvii. in part. 
 Fairweather, Exile to Advent, Bk. I., chap. 1-3. 
 Davidson, Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel. 
 Sayce, Higher Crit. and Mon., pp. 497-524. 
 Hunter, After the Exile, Part I., chap. i. 
 
TWELFTH PERIOD. 
 
 THE RETURN. FALL OF BABYLON TO 
 CLOSE OF OLD TESTAMENT. 
 
 THE FALL OF BABYLON. 
 B. C. 538. 
 
 1. Its prediction, by whom and when? a. Isaiah, 
 
 chaps, xiii., xiv; xxi. 9, 10; xli. 1-7, etc.; b. 
 Jeremiah, xxv. 12; xxviii. 4, n; 1., li; 
 
 2. Its location, size, importance. 
 
 3. Kings of Babylon since Nebukadrczzar : a. 
 
 names; b. right to the throne; c. character 
 and length of reign; d. chief events of each 
 reign. 
 
 4. Rise of the Persian and Elamite powers: a. Cy- 
 
 rus' ancestry; b. his first conquests in the 
 East; c. his advances to the North. 
 
 5. Cyrus' conquests in the West: a. extent ; b. 
 
 methods; c. kind of sovereignty established. 
 
 6. Cyrus* conquests in the region of Babylon : a. 
 
 reason of approach; b. policy; c. success. 
 
 7. Belshazzar*s feast: a. king at this time; b. Bel- 
 
 shazzar's office; c. kind of feast; d. doings 
 of the banqueters; e. writing on the wall; /. 
 probably in Accad ; g. Daniel's prominence, 
 152 
 
THE RETURN. 153 
 
 8. Capture of Babylon: a. last point to be taken; 
 
 b. easy entrance and capture; c. Daniel's po- 
 sition. 
 
 9. Significance to civilization: a. end of Semitic 
 
 sway and Oriental history; b. beginning of 
 classical history; c. beginning of religious 
 liberty; d. emancipation of Jewish exiles. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. (12, 14, 15 on the pro- 
 phets) 1 6. 
 
 Price, Monuments and O. T., 207-15; 226-32. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 42. 
 Daniel, His Life and Times, Men of the Bible. 
 Ball,C. J., Light,etc., pp. 207-10; 212-15; 217-220. 
 McCurdy, Hist, Proph. and Mon., vol. iii., Bk. 
 
 XI. chaps. 47. 
 Hunter, After the Exile, Part I. , chaps. 2-4. 
 
 $75. THE FIRST RETURN. 
 
 B. C. 536. ^ 
 
 2 Chron. xxxvi. 22,23; Ezra i iii; cf. Pss. XCVH. 
 xcix., cxv., cxxvi. 
 
 1. Edict of Cyrus: a. substance of it; b. motive 
 
 in Cyrus' mind; c. Cyrus a monotheist or 
 polytheist? d. political significance. 
 
 2. Assistance given the pilgrims: a. by command 
 
 of Cyrus; b. only freewill offerings; c. vessels 
 of the old temple at Jerusalem 5,400 in 
 number. 
 
154 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. Classes of those who returned: a. 42,360 Jews; 
 
 b. 7,337 slaves 200 of them singers; c. of 
 24 courses of priests, four returned, consist- 
 ing of 4,000 persons; d. 74 Levites. 
 
 NOTE Were there representatives of all the tribes? 
 
 4. The caravan: a. accompanied by 1000 cavalry, 
 
 according to tradition; c. four months on the 
 way. 
 
 5. Spirit of the return; cf. Isa. xl., xlviii. 20, 21; 
 
 Dan. ix. 20; Ps. cxxxvii: a. religious im- 
 pulse; b. national pride; c. local attractions 
 Jtrusalem. 
 
 6. Possessors of Palestine at their arrival: a. under 
 
 Persian rule: b. occupied by some Jews; c. 
 Samaritan peoples, (cf. 65,n,Rem.) 
 
 7. ZerubbabeVs leadership: a. ancestry; b. zeal; 
 
 c. power as leader; d. religious character. 
 
 8. Steps toward rebuilding the temple: a. collec- 
 
 tions; b. arrangements with Tyre for timber; 
 c. unanimity of interest. 
 
 9. Re-institution of the rites of worship, Ps. cxv. 
 
 10. Laying of the corner-stone of the second temple, 
 
 Ps. Ixxxvii., cvi., cvii., cxviii., cxx-cxxxiv., 
 cxxxvi: a. Levites' part in it; b. joy of young 
 men, sorrow of old men. 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 17. 
 
 Fairweather, Exile to Advent, chap. 4. 
 
 Price, Monuments and Old Test., 216-20. 
 
 McCurdy, Hist., etc., vol. iii., Bk. XL chap. 8. 
 
 Ball, Light from the East, pp. 222-6. 
 
 Hunter, After the Exile, Part I., chaps. 5 and 6. 
 
THE RETURN. 155 
 
 76. BUILDING OF THE SECOND TEMPLE. 
 Ezraiv vi; Haggai and Zechariah. 
 
 1 . Delay of fifteen years, caused by the Samaritans: 
 
 a. ground of opposition; b. means of stop- 
 ping the work. 
 
 2. Condition of the colony at end of fifteen years: 
 
 a. small crops, frequent droughts; b. living 
 in ceiled houses, neglectful of house of Je- 
 hovah. 
 
 3. Haggai's work in changing the order of affairs: 
 
 a. rebuked the people; b. encouraged them to 
 build the temple; c. gave promise of greater 
 glory here than in the first temple; d. char- 
 acter of Haggai's book. 
 
 4. Cyrus' edict renewed by Darius II: a. letter to 
 
 Darius ; b. edict of Cyrus found in the records ; 
 c. re-issued and Jews strengthened by help 
 of the governor; d. time of this event. 
 
 5. Zechariah 's work in urging on the building of 
 
 the temple: a. affirms a new beginning; b. 
 foretells great success and glory; c. does it 
 mainly by visions; d. character of Zechariah's 
 book. 
 
 6. Finishing the second temple: a. time, Ezra vi. 
 
 15; b. joy at the dedication; c. extensive sac- 
 rifices; d. as written in the book of Moses. 
 
 7. Contemporaneous Persian history ; 538-515 B.C.: 
 
 a. Cyrus, 550-529; b. Cambyses, 529-522; 
 
156 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 c. false Smerdis, 8 or 9 months; d. Darius 
 (II.) Hystaspes, 521-485. 
 
 8. Other contemporaneous history: a. battle of 
 Marathon, 490 B. C. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. 17 in part, and 1 8. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 43, second half. 
 Wright, Zechariah and his Prophecies. 
 Haggai and Zechariah, Cambridge Bible. 
 Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
 Fairweather, Exile, etc., Bk. II. chaps, i and 2. 
 Old and New Test. Student, Sept. 1889. 
 Hunter, After the Exile, Part I., chaps. 8-n. 
 Ryle, Cambridge Bible on Ezra and Nehemiah. 
 
 77. QUEEN ESTHER. 
 Esther i-x. 
 
 1. Authorship: Give various views. 
 
 2. Time and place of composition: a. about 478 
 
 B. c.; b. in Susa these answers are only 
 probable. 
 
 3. Persian empire: a. extent; b. power; c. capital; 
 
 d. contemporaneous history. 
 
 4. Susa: a. location; b. size; c. as excavated to- 
 
 day. 
 
 5. Special festival in session : a. time of year; b. 
 
 guests; c. sumptuousness; d. length; e. ob- 
 ject. 
 
 6. Events leading to the choice of Esther as queen: a. 
 

THE RETURN. , 157 
 
 banquet of servants; b. king's demand of 
 Vashti; c. her refusal and deposition; d. 
 gathering of maidens; e. choice of Esther; /. 
 Mordecai's scheme. 
 
 7. Hainan's hatred of Jews and edict against them: 
 
 a. cause; b. means of revenge; . distribution 
 and number of Jews in the empire; d. effect 
 of this edict on them. 
 
 8. Mordecai's scheme and victory: a. Esther's in- 
 
 tercession; b. Mordecai's promotion; c. Ha- 
 inan's death; d. conflict of the Jews; e. com- 
 memoration of the event Purim. 
 
 9. Esther as a plot or play. 
 
 10. Object of this book: a. give an insight into the 
 
 distribution and power of the Jews at that time; 
 
 b. describe the origin of the feast of Purim. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 19. 
 Price, Monuments and Old Test., 233-45. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 45 in part. 
 Old and New Test. Student, Oct. 1889. 
 Book of Esther and Palace of Ahasuerus, Biblio- 
 
 theca Sacra, Oct. 1889. 
 Hunter, After the Exile, Part I., chaps. 12-14. 
 
 $78. SECOND RETURN. UNDER EZRA. 
 Ezra vii x. 
 
 I. Persian history from completion of the second 
 
158 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 temple to Ezra, 516-458 B. c.; a. Darius II, 
 521-485; b. Xerxes, 486-464; c. Artaxerxes, 
 
 464-424- 
 
 2. Preliminary preparations for a journey to Jeru- 
 
 salem: a. decree of Artaxerxes; b. assem- 
 bling at the river Aha?va; c. search for Levites; 
 d. fast; e. amount of precious metal; f. pre- 
 pared for the journey. 
 
 3. Journey and arrival: a. time on the way; b. 
 
 safety under way; c. arrival and rest; d. of- 
 ferings; e. commissions delivered to Persian 
 officers. 
 
 4. Ezra's sorrow and prayer: a. trespass in case of 
 
 mixed marriages; b. Ezra's grief; c. sub- 
 stance of Ezra's prayer. 
 
 5. Ezra's victory : a. assembly of people; b. oath 
 
 to put away strange wives and children; c. 
 penalty for the one who should disregard this; 
 </. time needed for the divorcement cases. 
 
 Literature: 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 20 in part. 
 
 Hunter, After Exile, I., chs. 15, 16; II., chs. 1-4. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 44 in part. 
 Rawlinson, Ezra and Nehemiah, Part i. 
 
 79. THE THIRD RETURN. NEHEMIAH. 
 Nehemiah i xiii. Other Scripture same as 78. 
 
 I. Nehemiah at Susa: a. his position; b. relation to 
 Mordecai; c. influence with the king; d. 
 

THE RETURN. 159 
 
 means of bringing about his permission to 
 go to Jerusalem. 
 
 2. Return and attendants: a. accompanied by cav- 
 
 alry; b. brought letters to governors in the 
 west; c. enemies of Israel grieved. 
 
 3. Walls of Jerusalem: a. explored by night; b. 
 
 scorn of Sanballat and company; c. orderly 
 building of the walls and gates; d. completed 
 in fifty-two days; e. dedication, chap. xii. 
 27 sq. 
 
 4. Opposition of Sanballat and company: a. men 
 
 of Israel watch and pray; b. half-armed for 
 work, half for fight; c. builders armed for 
 defense; d. people relieved for work by abol- 
 ishing usury and restoring mortgaged prop- 
 erty. 
 
 5. Sanballat 1 s provocation: a. challenge to Nehe- 
 
 miah; b. the latter's wise retort; c. attempted 
 intimidation of Nehemiah; d. challenge to 
 meet in the temple. 
 
 6. Reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah: a. regular 
 
 reading of the law of Moses; b. dwelling in 
 booths at the great feasts; c. observance of 
 the Sabbath; d. regular service of the temple 
 
 7. Prayer of praise, chap. 9: analyze it. 
 
 8. Nehemiah's return to Susa, and second journey 
 
 to Jerusalem: tf.Tobiah's offence; #. appoint 
 ment of new officers; c. Sabbath breaking; 
 d. mixed marriages. 
 
160 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 9. Other work of Ezra and Nehemiah: a. collect- 
 ing sacred books; b. interpreting sacred 
 books; c. teaching students of the law; d. 
 originating synagogue worship. 
 NOTE. Idolatry not discoverable after the exile. 
 
 Literature: 
 
 Geikie, Hours, vol. vLchap. 20. 
 Hunter, After the Exile, Part II., chaps 5-16. 
 Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 44. 
 Rawlinson, Ezra and Nehemiah, Part ii. 
 Ryle, Cambridge Bible on Ezra and Neh. 
 Fairweather, Exile, etc. , Bk. II. , chaps. 3 and 4. 
 
 $80. GENERAL REVIEW. 
 
 1. Describe the Old Testament world. 
 
 2. Describe Palestine in detail. 
 
 3. Give the kinds of Literature, the Books, and 
 
 the number of chapters in each book, in the 
 Old Testament. 
 
 4. Give the twelve periods of Old Testament His- 
 
 tory, with their dates. 
 
 5. Give the sections in the first two periods the 
 
 introduction to the history of Israel. 
 
 6. Give the sections in the next three periods 
 
 finishing the Pentateuch. 
 
REVIEW. 161 
 
 ?. Give the sections in the periods of the Conquest 
 and Judges. 
 
 8. Give the sections in the period of the Kingdom. 
 
 9. Give the sections in the Dual Kingdom period. 
 
 10. Give the sections in the period of Judah Alone. 
 
 11. Give the sections in the last two periods of Old 
 
 Testament History. 
 
 12. Try to think through each period, naming to 
 
 yourself each section from beginning to end. 
 
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 Josiah's first full year. 
 
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 posed by Necho. 
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 Yields to Nebuchadrezzar (2K. 
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THE DYNASTIES OF ISRAEL. 
 
 SECTION VI. THE DYNASTIES OF ISRAEL. 
 
 Dynasties. 
 
 KINGS. 
 
 Prophets. 
 
 Contemporaneous 
 Kings of Judah. 
 
 ~l 
 
 i. Jeroboam (22). * 
 2. Nadab( 2 ). 
 
 Ahijah. 
 Iddo. 
 
 Rehoboum Abijah. 
 
 Asa. 
 
 M 
 
 Second J 
 
 3. Baasha (24). 
 4. EIah( 2 ). 
 
 Jehu. 
 
 
 l 
 
 Third. 
 
 5. Zimri (7 days). 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 6. Omri (12). 
 
 
 
 
 Fourth. - 
 
 7. Ahab (22). 
 8. Ahaziah (2). 
 
 Elijah, Mi- 
 caiah. 
 Elisha. 
 
 Jehoshaphat 
 < 
 
 
 9. Jehoram (12). 
 
 
 M Jehoram, Aha* 
 lah? 
 
 
 10. Jehu (28). 
 
 
 Joash. 
 
 
 ii. Jehoahaz (17). 
 
 
 44 
 
 Fifth. - 
 
 12. Joash (16). 
 
 Jonah. 
 
 " Amatlab, 
 
 
 13. Jeroboam II (41). 
 14. Zachariah (6 mo.). 
 
 Hosea. 
 Amos. 
 
 Amaziah. 
 Uzriah. 
 
 Sixth. 
 
 15. Shallum (i mo.). 
 
 
 i 
 
 Seventh-! 
 
 16. Menahem (10). 
 17. Pekahiah (2). 
 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 Eighth. 
 
 18. Pekah (20). 
 
 Oded. 
 
 Jothan,AhM. 
 
 Ninth. 
 
 x 9 . Hoshea (9). 
 
 
 Ahaz. Hczeklah, 
 
 * Years of reign. 
 
 171 
 
OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 SECTION V. THE KINGS OF JUDAH. 
 
 Old Date. 
 
 KINGS. 
 
 Prophets. 
 
 Contemporaneous 
 Kings of Israel. 
 
 931 
 
 z. Rehoboam (17). 
 
 Shemaiah, 
 Iddo. 
 
 Jeroboam. 
 
 914 
 
 a. Abijam (3). 
 
 
 tt 
 
 911 
 
 3. Asa(4). 
 
 Azariah, 
 Hanani, 
 
 " Nadab, Baasha, 
 
 Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab. 
 
 
 
 Jehu. 
 
 
 871 
 
 4. Jehoshaphat (25) 
 
 Jehu.Jahaz- 
 
 Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram. 
 
 
 
 iel, Elie- 
 
 
 
 
 zer. 
 
 
 849 
 
 5. Jehoram (8). 
 
 
 Jehoram. 
 
 842 
 
 6. Ahaziah (i). 
 
 
 i 
 
 842 
 
 (o) Athaliah (6). 
 
 Obadiah. 
 
 Jehu. 
 
 836 
 
 7. Joash (40). 
 
 Joel, Zech- 
 ariah. 
 
 * Jehoahaz, Joash. 
 
 799 
 
 8. Amaziah (39). 
 
 
 Joash, Jeroboam II. 
 
 786 
 
 9. Uzziah (52). 
 
 Zechariah, 
 
 Jeroboam II, Zachariah, 
 Shallum, Menahcm, Pe- 
 
 749 
 
 10. Jotham (16). 
 
 Isaiah, 
 
 kahiah, Pekah, 
 Pekah. 
 
 
 
 Micah. 
 
 
 742 
 
 ix. Ahaz (16). 
 
 
 " Hoshea. 
 
 728 
 
 12. Hezekiah (29). 
 
 
 Hoshea. 
 
 698 
 
 13. Manasseh (55). 
 
 
 
 642 
 
 14. Amon (2). 
 
 Nahum. 
 
 
 640 
 
 15. Josiah (31). 
 
 Jeremiah. 
 
 
 
 
 Zephaniah 
 
 
 608 
 
 16. Jehoahaz (3 mo.). 
 
 
 
 608 
 
 17. Jehoialdm (xx). 
 
 
 
 
 
 Habakkuk. 
 
 
 597 
 
 1 8. Jehoiachin (3 mo.). 
 
 
 
 596 
 
 19. Zedekiah (xx). 
 
 
 
 586 
 
 FALL OF JERUSALEM. 
 
 
 
 172 
 

 
LIST OF LITERATURE 
 
 REFERRED TO IN THIS SYLLABUS. 
 
 American Standard Revised Bible. New York, 1900. 
 
 Ball, C. J., Light from the East. London, 1899. 
 
 Prophecies of Jeremiah, Expos. Bible. N. t Y. 1890. 
 
 Bartlett, S. C., Forty Days in the Desert. London, no date 
 
 Bennett, R., Diseases of the Bible. 2d ed. London, 1891. 
 
 Besant and Palmer, Jerusalem, the City of Herod and Saladin. 
 New edition, London, 1889. 
 
 Bible Atlas. New ed., Religious Tract Society, London, 1890. 
 
 Bibliotheca Sacra. "Andover and Oberlin, 1844 
 
 Bissell, E. C., Biblical Antiquities. Am. S. S. Union, 1888. 
 
 Blaikie, W. G., i and 2 Samuel, Epos. Bible. N. Y., 1888. 
 
 Boardman, G. D., The Ten Commandments. Phila., 1889. 
 
 Briggs, C. A., Messianic Prophecy. New York, 1886. 
 
 Brugsch, H., The Route of the Exodus. Boston, 1880. 
 
 Budge, E. A. W., Dwellers on the Nile, sd ed. London, 1891. 
 
 By-Paths of Bible Knowledge. Fleming H. Revell Company, 
 Chicago, New York and Toronto. See Hart, 
 Groser, and Sayce, Bennett, Drysdale. 
 
 Cave, Alf., Inspiration of the Old Testament. London, 1888. 
 Cheyne, T. K., Jeremiah, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
 Coleman, Lyman, An Historical Atlas and Text-Book of Bibli- 
 cal Geography. Philadelphia, 1877. 
 Conder, C. R., Map of Palestine in 26 sheets. London, 1880. 
 
 Palestine. New York, 1890. 
 
 Tent- Work in Palestine. London, 1889. 
 
 Davidson, A. B., Ezekiel, Camb. Bible. Cambridge, 1893. 
 Davis, J. D., Genesis and Semitic Tradition. N. Y., 1894. 
 
 A Dictionary of the Bible. Philadelphia, 1898. 
 
 Dawson, J. W., Modern Science'in Bible Lands. N. Y., 1889. 
 Dawson, J. W., Egypt and Syria. 3d ed. London, 1892. 
 
 The Origin of the World. 3d ed. N. Y., 1884. 
 Dana, J. D., Bibliotheca Sacra, vols. xiii, xiv and xlii. 
 Deane, H., Daniel, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
 
 173 
 
174 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Deane, W. J., Abraham, Men of the Bible. New York, 1886. 
 
 Samuel and Saul, Men of. .the Bible. N. Y., 1889. 
 
 David, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
 
 Joshua, Men of the Bible. New York, 1890. 
 
 Delitzsch, Fred., Wo lag das Paradies? Leipzig, 1881. 
 Delitzsch, Frz., O. T. History of Redemption. Leipzig, 1881. 
 Denio, F. B., in Old and New Testament Student, May, 1890. 
 Drake, C. F. T., Modern Jerusalem. London, 1877. 
 Driver, S. R., Isaiah, Men of the Bible. New York, 1888. 
 Drysdale, A. H. , Early Bible Songs. Relig. Tract Soc. Lon- 
 don, 1891. 
 
 Edersheim, A., Bible History, 7 vols. London, no date. 
 
 Prophecy and History in Relation to the Messiah. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Edersneim, E. W. , Rites and Worship of the Jews. London, 1890. 
 Edersheim, The Temple, its Ministry and Services. Boston, 1881. 
 
 The Laws and Polity of the Jews. 
 
 Ebers, Georg, Uarda. New York, 1881. 
 
 Joshua, a Biblical Picture. N. Y., 1890. 
 
 Expositors^ Bible Series; see Blaikie, Smith, G. A., Watson. 
 
 Fairweather, Wm., From the Exile to the Advent. Edinburgh, 
 
 1895. 
 Farrar, F. W., Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. New York, 
 
 1890. 
 
 Solomon, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
 
 Fergusson, J. , Ancient Topography of Jerusalem. London, 1 847. 
 Field, H. M., Among the Holy Hills. N. Y., 1888. 
 On the Desert. N. Y., 1887. 
 
 Gardner, F., O. and N. Test., in their Mutual Relations. 
 
 N. Y., 1887. 
 Geikie, C., Hours with the Bible, 6 vols. New ed. N. Y., 1893. 
 
 Old Testament Characters. New York, 1885. 
 
 Green, W. H., The Hebrew Feasts. New York, 1885. 
 Groser, W. H., Trees and Plants of the Bible, Religious Tract 
 
 Society, London, 1888. 
 
-AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. 175 
 
 Grove, Geo., Bible Atlas. London, 1868. 
 Guyot, A., Creation. New York, 1884. 
 
 Harper, H. A., Bible and Modern Discoveries. London, 4th 
 
 ed., 1891. 
 Hart, H. C., Animals of the Bible. Religious Tract Soc., 
 
 London, 1888. 
 Hastings, Jas., A Dictionary of the Bible, 4 vols, Edinburgh 
 
 and New York, 1898 1902. 
 Hengstenberg, E. W., on Balaam in Commentary on Daniel. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1848. 
 
 Genuineness of the Pentateuch, vol. ii. 
 
 Howorth, The Mammoth and the Flood. London, 1887. 
 Hudleston, W. H., The Geology of ^Palestine. London. 
 Hull, E., Survey Memoir on Geology. London, 1889. 
 Humphrey, E. P., Sacred History to Giving the Law. N. Y., 
 
 1888. 
 
 Hunter, P. H., After the Exile, 2 Parts. London, 1890. 
 Hurlbut, J. L., Manual of Bib. Geography. Chicago, 1887. 
 Solomon's Temple, O. T. Student, Dec., 1887. 
 
 Johnson, T. R., Biblical Wall Atlas. Chicago and N. Y., 1889. 
 Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews. 
 
 Kellogg, S. H., Leviticus, Epos. Bible. New York, 1891. 
 Kennedy, J. F., Countries and Places Mentioned in Bible His- 
 tory. American S. S. Union, no date. 
 Kinns, S., Graven in the Rock. London, 1891. 
 Krummacher, F. W., David, King of Israel. Edin., 1867. 
 
 Labberton, R. H., New Historical Atlas. N. Y., 1886. 
 
 Lang, J. M., Gideon and the Judges, Men of Bible. N. Y., 1891. 
 
 Lenormant, F., Langue primitive de la Chaldee. Paris, 1875. 
 
 Lenormant, F., Beginnings of History. New York, 1886. 
 
 Loftus, W.K., Researches in Chaldseaand Susiana. N. Y., 1857. 
 
 Lynch, W. F., Expedition to the Jordan and Dead Sea. Phila- 
 delphia, 1849. 
 
 MacCoun, Townsend, Holy Land in Geog. and History, 2 vols. 
 Chicago, 1897. 
 
176 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 McCurdy, J. F. , History, Prophecy and the Monuments, 3 vols. 
 
 New York, 1894-1900 
 
 Macduff, Tales of the Warrior King. 1896. 
 MacLaren, Alex., Life of David as Reflected in the Psalms. 
 
 London, 1888. 
 MacGregor, J., The Rob Roy on the Jordan, Nile and Red Sea. 
 
 New York, 1870. 
 Men of the Bible Series; see Cheyne, Deane, H.,IDeane, W. J., 
 
 Driver, Farrar, Milligan, Rawlinson, Lang. 
 Merrill, S., East of the Jordan. New York, 1883. 
 Meyer, F. B., Israel, a Prince with God. Chicago, 1890. 
 Abraham; or the Obedience of Faith. Chicago, 
 
 1890. 
 Elijah and the Secret of his Power. Chicago, no 
 
 date. 
 
 Milligan, W., Elijah, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
 Milton, John, Paradise Lost. 
 
 Samson Agonistes. 
 
 Mozley, J. B., Lectures on the Old Testament. London, 1884. 
 Naville, E., The Store-City of Pithom. Eg. Expl. Fund. 
 
 London, 1883. 
 Northrup, G. W., on Extermination of the Canaanites, in "The 
 
 Standard," April 21, 1881. 
 
 Oehler, G., O. T. Theology, Day's Translation. N. Y., 1883. 
 Old Testament Student. 1881-92. 
 
 Orelli, C. von, Old Testament Prophecy. Edinburgh, 1885 
 Osborn, H. S., Wall Map of Palestine. Oxford, O. 
 
 -Biblical History and Geography, Am. T Soc., 1890. 
 
 Plants of the Bible. Philadelphia, 1865. 
 
 Paine, Solomon's Temple. Boston, 1861. 
 Palmer, E. H., On the Desert of the Tih. London, 1870. 
 Palmer, H. S., Sinai from Fourth Eg. Dy. London, 1878. 
 Palmer, E. H., The Desert of the Exodus, 2 vols. Cambridge, 
 
 1871. 
 
 Perowne, T. T., Haggai and Zechariah, Camb. Bible. 1886. 
 Perrot and Chipiez, Le Temple Jerus. restitutes. Paris, 1889. 
 
AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. 177 
 
 Porter, J. L., Giant Cities of Bashan. New York, 1866. 
 Price, Ira M., The Monuments and the Old Testament 3d 
 
 ed. Chicago, 1903. 
 "Schools of the Sons of the Prophets," in Old Test. 
 
 Student, March, 1889. 
 : "Lost Writings in Old Testament," in Bibliotheca 
 
 Sacra, April, 1889. 
 Syllabus of the Minor Prophets. Saylor Springs, 
 
 111., 1890. 
 
 Quarterly Statement of the Pal. Expl. Fund. London, 1873 
 
 Rawlirison, G., The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient 
 Eastern World, 3 vols. London, 1879. 
 
 Isaac and Jacob. N. Y., 1890. 
 
 Moses, Men of the Bible. New York, 1888. 
 
 Kings of Israel and Judah, Men of the Bible. New 
 
 York, 1889. 
 
 Ezra and Nehemiah, Men of Bible. N. Y., 1890. 
 
 Records of the Past, 2d series. London, 1888 92. 
 
 Ritter, C., Geography of Palestine, 4 vols. N. Y., 1868. 
 
 Robinson, Edw., Biblical Researches in Palestine. Boston, 
 1857. 
 
 Physical Geography of Palestine. Boston, 1865. 
 
 Ryle, H. E., The Early Narratives of Genesis. N. Y., 1892. 
 
 Ryle, H. E., Ezra and Nehemiah, Camb. Bible. 1893. 
 
 Sayce, A. H., Fresh Light from Anc. Mon. London, 1885. 
 
 The Times of Isaiah. London, 1889. 
 
 The Races of the Old Testament. London, 1891. 
 
 The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the 
 
 Monuments. London, 1894. 
 
 Patriarchal Palestine. New York, 1895. 
 
 The Egypt of the Hebrews. New York, 1895. 
 
 Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations. N. Y. , 
 
 1899. 
 Schrader, E., Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament, 
 
 Trans, by 0. C. Whitehouse, 2 vols. London, 
 
 188588 
 
1*8 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Schumacher, G., Across the Jordan. London, 1887. 
 Sinker, R., Hezekiah and his Age. London, 1887. 
 Smith, G. A., Historical Geog. of the Holy Land. N. Y., 1895. 
 Smith, Geo., Chaldean Account of Genesis. London and New 
 
 York, 1880. 
 
 Smith, W., Old Testament History. New York, 1881. 
 Stanley, A. P., Hist, of the Jew. Church, 3 vols. N. Y., 1884. 
 
 Sinai and Palestine. New York, 1885. 
 
 St. Clair, G., Buried Cities and Bible Countries. N. Y., 1891. 
 Stewart, R. L., The Land of Israel. Chicago, 1899. 
 Store-City of Pithom. Egypt Exploration Fund. 1883. 
 Survey of Western Palestine. Palestine Expl. Fund, London, 
 
 1 88188. 
 
 Taylor, W. M., David, King of Israel. New York, 1883. 
 Thomson, Wm., The Land and the Book, 3 vols. New edition. 
 
 New York, 1886. 
 
 Tomkins, H. G., Abraham and his Age. London, 1897. 
 Tomkins, H. G., Times of Joseph. London, 1891. 
 Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. London, 
 
 1871-86. 
 Tristram, H. B., The Land of Moab. New York, 1873. 
 
 The Land of Israel. New York, 1886. 
 
 Natural History of the Bible. New York, 1867. 
 
 Fauna and Flora of Palestine. London, 1888. 
 
 Palestine in its Physical Aspects. 
 
 Trumbull, H. C., Kadesh Barnea. New York, 1884. 
 
 Van de Velde, C. W. M., Map of the Holy Land in eight 
 sheets. 2d edition, London, 1865. 
 
 Watson, R. A., Judges and Ruth, Expos. Bible. N. Y., 1890. 
 Whitney, G. H., Hand-book of Bible Geog. N. Y., 1890. 
 Wilberforce, S., Heroes of Hebrew History. N. Y., 1871. 
 Wilson, E. L. f In Scripture Lands. New York, 1890. 
 Wilson, John, The Lands of the Bible, 2 vols. Edinb., 1847. 
 Wilson & Warren, The Recovery of Jerusalem. N. Y., 1871. 
 Wood, J. G., Bible Animals. New York, 1872. 
 Wright, C. H. H., Zechariah and his Prophecies. 1879. 
 
LITERATURE FOR FURTHER STUDY. 179 
 
 LITERATURE FOR FURTHER STUDY. 
 
 HISTORY OF ISRAEL. 
 
 Cornill, C. H., History of the People of Israel. Chicago, 
 
 1898. 
 Ewald, H., The History of Israel. Trans, from German, 7 
 
 vols. London, 1871. 
 
 Guthe, H., Geschichte des Volkes Israel. Freib.,i. B. 1899. 
 Kittel, R., History of the Hebrews. Trans, from German, 2 
 
 vols. London, 1895-96. 
 
 Klostermann, A., Geschichte des Volkes Israel. Munich, 1896. 
 Kohler, A., Bibl. Geschichte Alten Testaments. Erlan- 
 
 gen, 1875-93. 
 
 Piepenbring, C., Histoire du peuple d' Israel. Strassb., 1898. 
 Renan, E., History of the People of Israel. Trans, from 
 
 French, 3 vols. Boston, 1888-91. 
 Stade, B., Geschichte des Volkes Israel, 2 vols. Berlin, 
 
 1881-86, 
 Wellhausen, J., The History of Israel. Trans, from German. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1885. 
 Sketch of the History ot Israel and Judah. 3d 
 
 ed. London, 1891. 
 
 CONTEMPORANEOUS HISTORY. 
 
 Meyer, Ed., Geschichte des Alterthums. Bd. I. Stutt., 1884. 
 
 Driver, S. R., in Hogarth's "Authority and Archaeology," 
 pp. 1-152. London, 1899. 
 
 Hommel, F., Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Ber- 
 lin, 1885-88. 
 
 Tiele, C. P., Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. Gotha, 
 1886-88. 
 
 Winckler, H., Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Leip- 
 zig, 1892. 
 
 Vigouroux, F., La Bible et les Decouvertes modernes en 
 Palestine, en Egypteet en Assyrie. 5 ed. 4 Tom. 
 ^aris, 1889. 
 
180 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Wiedemann. A., Geschichte von Altaegypten. 1891. 
 Petrie, Fl., History of Egypt, vols. i and 2. London, 1894-96. 
 Niebuhr, C., Geschichte d. Ebraischen Zeitalters. 1894. 
 
 FIRST PERIOD ANTEDILUVIAN. 
 
 Budde, K., Die Biblische Urgeschichte [Gsn. i.-xii. 3] unter- 
 
 sucht. Giessen, 1883. 
 Delitzsch, Frd., Das Babylonische Weltschopfungsepos. 
 
 Leipzig, 1896. 
 Gunkel, H., Schopfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit. 
 
 Gottingen, 1895. 
 Jensen, P., Die Kosmologie der Babylonier. Strassburg, 
 
 1890. pp. 263-364. 
 Jastrow, M. Jr., Religion of Babylonia and Assyria. Boston, 
 
 1898. Chap. 21. 
 Maspero, G., The Dawn of Civilization. London, 1894. 
 
 Chap. 7 in part. 
 Boscawen, W. St. C/, The Bible and the Monuments. Lon- 
 
 don, 1895. Chaps. 2-4. 
 Sayce, A. H., in Records of the Past, 2d series, vol. i. Lon- 
 
 don, 1888. pp. 122-53. 
 --- Origin and Growth of Babylonian Religion. 
 
 London, 1887. Chap. 6. 
 
 SECOND PERIOD POST-DILUVIAN. 
 19-22. 
 
 Andree, Die Flutsagen, ethnographisch betrachtet. Braun- 
 
 schweig, 1891. 
 Prestwich, J., On Certain Phenomena belonging to the close 
 
 of the last Geological Period, and on their bear- 
 
 ing upon the Tradition of the Flood. London, 
 
 1895. 
 
 Usener, H,, Die Sintfluthsagen. Bonn, 1899. 
 Jensen, P., Die Kosmologie der Babylonier, pp. 367-446. 
 Jeremias, A., Izdubar-Nimrod. Leipzig, 1891. 
 

 
LITERATURE FOR FURTHER STUDY. 18] 
 
 Sauveplane, Une Epopee Babylonienne, Istubar-Gilgames. 
 
 1894. 
 
 Boscawen, The Bible and the Monuments. Chaps. 5, 6. 
 Ebers, G., ^Egyptenund die Biicher Mose's. Leipzig, 1868, 
 
 pp. 36-252. 
 Petrie, Fl. , Racial Types from the Egyptian Monuments. 
 
 THIRD PERIOD PATRIARCHAL. 
 23-27. 
 
 Ebers, G., ^Egypten und die Biicher Mose's, pp. 253-360. 
 
 Durch Gosen zum Sinai. 2d ed. Leipzig, 1881. 
 
 Hommel, Fr., The Ancient Hebrew Tradition. New York, 
 
 1897. Chaps. 3-6. 
 Sayce, Early Hist, of the Hebrews. N. Y., 1897. Chaps. 
 
 i and 2. 
 
 FOURTH PERIOD EGYPTIAN. 
 
 28-29. 
 
 Brugsch, H., History of Egypt under the Pharaohs. 2d ed. 
 New York, 1891. 
 
 Meyer, Ed., Geschichte d. Alten /Egypteus. 1887. 
 
 Petrie, Fl., Tanis, Part I, 2d ed. London, 1888; Part II, 
 1888. 
 
 Naville, Ed., Goshen, and the Shrine of Saft-el-Henneh. 
 2d ed. London, 1888. 
 
 The City of Onias, and the Mound of the Jew. 
 
 London, 1890. 
 
 Bubastis. London, 1890. 
 
 An Atlas of Ancient Egypt. Eg. Expl. Fund. London, 1894. 
 
 Erman, A., Life in Ancient Egypt. London and N. Y., 1894. 
 
 Brugsch, H., Die Biblischen sieben Jahre der Hungersnoth. 
 Leipzig, 1891. 
 
 Winckler, H., The Tell-el-Amarna Letters. N. Y., 1896. 
 
 The Tell-el-Amarna Tablets in the British Museum. Lon- 
 don, 1892. 
 
 Hommel, The Ancient Hebrew Tradition. Chaps. 7, 8. 
 
182 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Miiller, W. M., Asien und Europa nach altaegyptischen Denk- 
 
 malern. 1893. 
 Petrie, Fl., Syria and Egypt in the Tell-el-Amarna Letters. 
 
 1898. 
 Maspero, G., Struggle of the Nations. N. Y., 1897. Chaps.i-3. 
 
 FIFTH PERIOD WANDERINGS. 
 30-36. 
 
 Ebers, G., Durch Gosen zum Sinai, ad ed. Leipzig, 1881. 
 
 Sayce, Early Hist, of Hebrews. Chap. 3. 
 
 Lepsius, K. , Tour from Thebes to the Peninsula of Sinai in 
 
 1845. London, 1846. 
 
 Gamurrini, Peregrinatio Sylviae. Rome, 1887. 
 Hull, E., Memoir on the Geology of Arabia Petraea. 1886. 
 Buhl, F., Geschichte der Edomiter. 1893. 
 Hommel, The Anc. Heb. Tradition. Chap. 9. 
 Maspero, Struggle of the Nations. Chap. 4. 
 
 SIXTH PERIOD CONQUEST. 
 
 37-42. 
 
 Pietschmann, Geschichte der Phonizier. Berlin, 1889. 
 Rawlinson, G., History of Phoenicia. London, 1889. 
 Buhl, F., Geschichte d. alten Palastina. 1896. 
 On Tel el-Amarna Letters, see FOURTH PERIOD. 
 Sayce, Patriarchal Palestine, chaps. 5, 6. 
 
 Early Hist, of Hebrews. Chap. 4. 
 
 Maspero, Struggle of the Nations. Chap. 7, pp. 673-82. 
 
 SEVENTH PERIOD JUDGES. 
 43-49- 
 
 Sayce, Early Hist, of the Hebrews. Chap. 5. 
 
 On the Chronology of Judges, see Noldeke, Untersuchungen 
 
 zum Kritik d. Alt. Test. 1869. pp. 178-98. 
 Kohler, Biblische Geschichte, vol ii. i. pp. 35-51. 
 Art. "Judges " in Hastings' Diet, of the Bible. 
 Budde, K., Die Biicher Richter u. Samuel. 1890. 
 Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, pp. 682-707. 
 

 
LITERATURE FOR FURTHER STUDY. 183 
 
 EIGHTH PERIOD KINGDOM. 
 50-56. 
 
 Sayce, Early Hist, of Hebrews, chap. 6. 
 Cheyne, T. K., Devout Study of Criticism. London, 1892. 
 Art. " David" in Hastings, Diet, of the Bible. 
 Kamphausen, A., " Philister u. Hebraer zur Zeit Davids," 
 
 in Zeit. A. T. Wissenschaft, 1886. pp. 43-97. 
 Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, pp. 707-750. 
 "Survey of David's Outlaw Life," in Survey of W. Pal. 
 
 Special papers, p. 208 ff. 
 Kent, C. F., History of the Hebrew People. N, Y., 1896. 
 
 vol. i. 
 
 NINTH PERIOD DUAL KINGDOM. 
 57-64. 
 
 Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, pp. 751-88. 
 
 Passing of the Empires. Chaps. 1-2 (pp. 1-218). 
 
 Kamphausen, A., Die Chronologic der Hebr. Konige. Bonn, 
 
 1883. 
 Art. "Chronology of the O. T." in Hastings, Diet, of the 
 
 Bible. 
 
 Smith, W. R., The Prophets of Israel. New York, 1892. 
 Smith, G. A., Isaiah, 1-39 (Expos. Bible). 1888. 
 Skinner, J., Isaiah (Camb. Bible), 1-39. 1896. 
 Kirkpatrick, A. F., The Doctrine of the Prophets. 1892. 
 
 Lees. 1-7. 
 Kent, C. F., History of Hebrew People, vol. ii. Parts I and 
 
 II. 
 
 TENTH PERIOD JUDAH ALONE. 
 65-70. 
 
 Maspero, Passing of the Empires, chaps. 3-5 (pp. 221-568). 
 
 Kirkpatrick, Doctrine of the Prophets. Lees. 8-n. 
 
 Kent., C. F., History of the Heb. People. Parts III and IV. 
 
184 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 ELEVENTH PERIOD EXILE. 
 71-73- 
 
 Maspero, Passing of the Empires, chap. 6. pp. 571-633. 
 Kirkpatrick, Doctrine of the Prophets. Lees. 12, 13. 
 Records of The Past. New series, Vol. 5. pp. 143-75. 
 Floigl, Cyrus and Herodot. 1881. 
 Winckler, H., Untersuch'g zur altorient. Gesch. vol. i. pp. 
 
 109-32. 
 Tiele C. P., " Cyrus de Groote en de godsdienst van Babel " 
 
 in Melanges Charles de Harlez. 1896. 
 Meyer, Ed., Entstehung des Judenthums. 1896. 
 Kent, C. F., History of the Jewish People. N. Y., 1899. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 TWELFTH PERIOD RETURN. 
 
 74-79- 
 
 Maspero, Passing of the Empires, chap. 6. pp. 634-96. 
 Kirkpatrick, Doctrine of the Prophets. Lees. 14-17. 
 Meyer, Ed., Entstehung des Judenthums. 1896. 
 Kent., C. F., Hist, of Jew. People. Part II. 
 Sellin, E., Serubbabel. 1898. 
 Cheyne, T. K., Jewish Religious Life after the Exile. 1898. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST. 
 
 Rogers, R. W., A History of Babylonia and Assyria. 2 vols. 
 N. Y., 1901. 
 
 Paton, The Early History of Syria and Palestine. N.Y., 1901. 
 
 Harper, R. F., Assyrian and Babylonian Literature (transla- 
 tions). N. Y., 1901. 
 
 Ottley, R. L., A Short History of the Hebrews. N. Y., 1901. 
 
 Goodspeed, G. S., A History of the Babylonians and Assyrians. 
 N. Y., 1902. 
 
 Hilprecht, H. V., Exploration in Bible Lands during the igtb 
 Century. Phila. 1903. 
 
 Pinches, The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Rec- 
 ords of Assyria and Babylonia. London, 1903. 
 

 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS 
 
 Numbers refer to pages 
 
 MOSES, 49-59 
 Abdon, twelfth judge, 76 
 Abel, first martyr, 30; city of, 95 
 Abiathar, priest, 96 
 Abigail, wife of Nabal, 89 
 Abijah, son of [eroboam I, 104 
 Abijam, king of Judah, 104-5 
 Abimelech and Abraham, 42 
 Abimelech, son of Gideon. 74-5 
 Abiram and Dathan, 58 
 Abishat, brother of Joab, 94 
 Abn*;r, captaip, 91 
 Abraham's career, 40-43 
 Absalom, son of David, 94 
 Achan, 64 
 
 Achish, king hr PfiiTistia 89 
 Adam and Eve, 27 
 Adoni-bezek, 70 
 Adonijah son of David 95 
 AdulUm, cave of, 87 
 Agag, king of Amalek. 85 
 Age of the world, 24 
 Ahab, king of Israel, 109-10; 145 
 Ahava, river, 158 
 
 Ahaz, king of Judah, 102, 127-8, 135; al 
 tars of, removed, 138 
 Ahaziah, king of Judah. up 
 Ahaziah, son of Ahab, king of Israel 
 
 no, 1 16 
 
 Ahijah. the Shilonite, 92, 103 
 Ahithophel, counsellor, 94 
 Ai, city of, 64 
 Altar, first, 37 
 
 Amalek(ites), 53, 72, 82, 85, 90 
 Amasa, captain, 94-95 
 Amaziah,king of Judah. 16, 123 
 
 Ammon, 72, 85, 97; subdued, 127; 147 
 
 Ammonite oppression, 75-6; war, 81,84, 
 92 
 
 Amnon, son of David 94 
 
 Amon, king of Judah, 136 
 
 Amorites, 61 
 
 Amos, prophet, 128 
 
 Anakim, 66 
 
 Angel of Jehovah, 42 
 
 Ante-diluvian period, 24, 27-33 
 
 Antiochus Epiphanes, 16 
 
 Aphek, Ahab's victory at, no 
 
 Arabah, sea of the, 10, 123 
 
 Arabian desert, 33 
 
 Arabians plunder Jerusalem, 16, 113 
 
 Aram, 39 
 
 Ark, Noah's, 34 
 
 Armenia, 26, 38, 
 
 Arnon, from Sinai to the, 57*61 
 
 Arpachshad, 39 
 
 Artaxerxes, 158 
 
 Asa, king of Judah, 106-7 
 
 Asaph, singer, 92, 130 
 
 Ashdod, 79. captured, 133 
 
 Asher, tribe of, 68, 131 
 
 Asherah, 400 prophets of, 118; cut down, 
 
 130; 136, 138 
 Asherim, idols, 106, 112 
 Ashkelon, city of, 77 
 Asia Minor, 39 
 Assyria, relations to, 39, no 
 Athaliah, usurper, 120-1, 136 
 Atmosphere of Palestine, 12 
 Augury and enchantments, 136 
 Azariah(-Uzziah), king of Judah, 124 
 Azariah, son of Oded, 106, 114 
 
186 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 JJAAI, WORSHIP established, 10910, Cambyses, 155 
 
 136; idols destroyed, 138 Campaign, southern, 64: northern, 66 
 
 Baal worshippers slaughtered, 120 Canaan, 12; entrance into, 63 
 
 Baal-gad, 71 Canaan's (son of Ham) curse, 37 
 
 Baal Peoi*, 60 Canaanites, extermination of, 66-7, 70 
 
 Baal-zebub, no . Captivity, period of the, 21 
 
 Baal Zephon, 52 Caravan, of returning exiles, 154 
 
 Baasha, king of Israel, 106-7 Carmel, 14, 71; Elijah at, 109; Elisha at, 
 
 Babel, tower of, $ga. 116; school at, 117 
 
 Babylon captured, 153 Carthaginians, 73 
 
 Babylonian exile, 149-51 Chaldeans, slain, at Mizpah, 147 
 
 Balaam, 59 Chebar, river, 180 
 
 Bampth Baal, 59 Cherith, Elijah at, 115 
 
 Barak, 73 Cherubim in Old Testament, 28 
 
 Baruch, Jeremiah's scribe, 148 Chinnereth, sea of, 10 
 
 Barzillai, 70, 94, 96 Circumcision, rite of, 42 
 
 Bashan,9 City, first, 31 
 
 Bath-sheba, 93 Classical history, beginning of, 153 
 Beer-sheba, 14, 131; origin of, 42; 81; Climate of Palestine, 12 
 
 Elijah at, 115 Commandments, ten, 55; commentary 
 
 Beginning, second, 37 on, 61 
 
 Belial, 78 Confusion of tongues, 39a 
 
 Belshazzar, feast of, 152 Conquest, period of the, 2.0,63-71 
 
 Bcn-hadad of Syria, 106, no Conquests, east of the Jordan, 59-61 
 
 Benjamin, territory of, 68 Covenant, God's, with Noah, 37 
 
 B^rothai, 92 Creation, 23-4; legends of, 24 
 
 Betah, 92 Cressy, 73 
 Bethel, 14; Abraham at, 40; Jacob at, 45; Cush, 33 
 
 70, 71, 81, 99; Elijah at, no; school 
 
 BctlT-horon. 65 D AGON, god of Philistia, 79 
 
 Bethlehem, 83, 147 
 
 Beth-shemesh, 79 Dan, 14; territory of, 68; 70, 131 
 
 Bible, books of the, 17 Daniel, in Babylon, 150-2 
 
 Birs-Nimroud, 39* Darius (II) Hystaspes, 156, i?8 
 
 Boaz, 70, 78, loi Dathan and Abiram, 58 
 
 Bondage, period of, 20, 48-50 David's career, 82-96 
 
 Books of the Bible, 17 Dead Sea, 10 
 
 " Old Testament, 17 Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, 46 
 
 " and chapters in O.T., 17, 18 prophetess, 73; song, "74 
 
 Botany of Palestine, n Delilah, 77 
 
 Brooks of Palestine, 10 Deluge, cause, time, duration, universal- 
 ity, object, traditions of, 34-35 
 
 [JAIN, 29-30 Dial of Ahaz, 133 
 
 Caleb, 67 Dinah, 45 
 
 Calf, golden, 55 Dispersion, tower of Babel. and the, 392. 
 
PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS. 
 
 / rivision of the kingdom, 1 03 Etam, 77 
 
 Divisions, political, f Palestine, 13 Etham, 51 
 
 Doeg, .Edomite, 86 Ethiopians, war with Asa, 106, 132 
 
 Dothan, siege of, in Euphrates, river, 26 
 
 Drunkenness, first, 37 Eve, Adam and, 26-a8 
 
 Dual kingdom, period of the, al Exile, period of, 25, 145-151; Babylonian, 
 
 149-51 
 
 EASTEBN SEA, , 
 
 Ebal, Mt., 62, 64 Exodus, 50-1 
 
 Ebenezer, 81 Ezekiel, prophet, 150-2 
 
 Eden, garden of, 25 Ezioo Geber, 59 
 
 Edict of Cyrus, 153; renewed by Darius Ezra, scribe, 150-60 
 
 II. 55 
 
 Edom, 58, 85, 92, 97, 147 j?ALt, TEMPTATION and, 37-39 
 
 Ed o mites, revolt, 119 
 
 Eglon. king of Moab, 72 Fal1 of **9*, 4i 
 
 Egypt, Abraham's sojourn in, 40; Jacob's Jerusalem, 141 
 
 appeal to, 47; settlement in, 48; re- Samaria, 129-32 
 
 ligion.of, 49; Solomon's commerce Feasts, 55 
 
 with, 98; flight of the remnant to, Flaming Sword, 28 
 
 14 8; Ezekiel's prophecy concerning Foods prohibited and permitted. 56 
 
 fate of, 148 ftAD, ALLOTMENT to, 60 
 
 Ehud, second judge, 72, 73 
 
 Ekron, Philistine city, 79 Gad the seer, 87 
 
 Elah, king of Israel, 107 Galilee, 8 
 
 Elam, country, 30 Galilee,.sea of,*xo 
 
 Elamite powers, rise of Persian 'and. 152 Gath, 79, 87, 122 
 
 Eiath restored, 124 Gaza, 65, 77 
 
 Eleazar, priest, 60 Geba, 84 
 
 Eli and fal! of Shiloh, 78-80 Gedaliah, governor in Palestine, 147 
 
 Eliakim (Jehoiakim), 140 Gehazi, 116 
 
 Eliezer, prophet, 112 Genesis I-II. 3, object of, 25; beginnings 
 
 Elijah, prophet, 109-10, 115-16 , 25: and geology, 24 
 
 Elim, in wilderness, 52-3 Geology of Palestine, u 
 
 Elon, eleventh judge, 76 Gerar, Isaac in, 54 
 
 Emancipation of Jewish slaves, 153 Gerizim, 62^ 138 
 
 Embassies to Babylon, 143 Geshur, 44 
 
 Endor, witch of, 83, 87 Gibbethon, Philistine fortress, 107 
 
 Engedi, 87: Jehoshaphat's victory at, 113 Gtbeon's deceit, 64, 65 
 
 Enoch, book of, 32 Gibeonites, 66, 95 
 
 Entanglements with Egypt, Zedekiah's, Gideon, fifth judge, 74 
 
 . , J *3 Gilboa, Mt.,14,87 
 
 Ephra.m, territory of, 68, 131 Gi , ead) Xf 4g 
 
 Esar-haddon, king of Assyria, 136 (j^ ^ 8 ^ j^ Jl6 . 
 tsau and Jacob, 44 a ^ X1 y 
 
 Esdraelon, plain of 8 Goliath, 86, 89 
 
 Esther, 78; story and book, xs6-7 Goshen, land of, 48^ 
 
1SS 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Gozan, ty> 
 
 Greece, in Europe, 38 
 
 Gur-baal, Arabian city, 124 
 
 |ABAKKUK, PROPHET, 141 
 
 Habor, 130- 
 Hachilah, 87 
 Hadadezer of Zobah, 93 
 Hagar, story of, 42 
 Haggai,.prophet, 155 
 Halah, 130 
 
 Ham and descendants, 37 
 Haman. the Agagite, 157 
 Hanani the feer, 106, 114 
 Hannah, 78, 80 
 Haran, 40, 4. 45 
 Hauran, ii. 
 
 Hazael of- Syria, 120, xai. 
 Hazeroth, 57 
 Hazor, 14, 66 
 Hebrew poetry, 30 
 Hebron, 18,65, 66, 68 t 90 
 Heman, 83, 92 
 Hereth, forest of, 87 
 Heshbon, 14, 59 
 
 JBZAN, TENTH JUDGE. 76 
 Institutions during the exile, 150-1 
 Isaac, sacrifice of, career of, 43 
 Isaiah, prophet, 128; to Hezekiah, 145, 
 
 149 
 
 Ish-bosheth, 91 
 Ishmael, birth of, 42 
 Ishmael, seed-royaj, murderer of Geda- 
 
 liah, 147 
 
 Israel, Jacob named, 45 
 Israel, introduction to, history of, Gen. 
 
 i xi. 9 
 
 Issachar, territory of, 68, 131 
 Ittai, 94 
 
 JABESH, 87 
 
 Jachin, pillar, 101 
 Jacob's wanderings, 45-46 
 Jacob and Esau, 44 
 Jahaziet, prophet, 113 
 Jair, eighth judge, 76 
 . Japheth's part in Shem's God, 37 
 Jashar, book of, 65, 90 
 Jebus, conquest.of, go 
 Jebusites, 16 
 Jeduthun, 92. 
 
 Jehoahaz, king of Israel, 121 
 Hezekiah,king of Judah,.xo2,i29-i34, 145 ,. ,. j u dah, 140 
 
 High places, 112, 136; in Samaria, Sim- Jehoiach ; n> k[ng of Judah , , 6> I42> 14O . 
 
 eon, Naphtali, 138 Jehoiada, high priest, 121 
 
 Hinnom. valley of, 136 Jehoiakim, king of Judah, 16, 140-1, 145. 
 
 Hiram of Tyre, 91 149 
 
 Hittites, 3g, 44, 97 Jehonadab, son of Rechab, 120 
 
 Holy of holiest 55 Jehoram, king of Judah, t 6, "6, 9 
 
 Holy Land, 8 Jehoram, son of Ahab, king of Israel, 
 
 Hophra, king of Egypt. I4 3 jehoVhtphat, king of Judah, no, i,a-, 3 
 
 Hor, ML, 58 I4S 
 
 Horeb, Mt., Moses in, 53; Elijah at, 115 Jehu, sorrof Hanani, prophet, n* 
 
 Horses, first use of, 66 
 
 Hoshea, king of Israel, 126, 129 
 
 Host of heaven worshipped, 136 
 
 Huldah, prophetess, 139, 145 
 
 Hur, Aaron and, 55 
 
 Hushai, 94 
 
 Hystaspes, Darius (II), 156 
 
 Jehu, king of Israel, 117, 120 
 
 Jephthah, ninth judge, 76 
 
 Jeremiah, prophet, 139 
 
 Jericho, 10, 14; destruction of, 64; Elijah 
 
 at, 116; school at, 117 
 Jeroboam I, king of Israel, 103-6, 138 
 
 .4 II, " 123 
 
 Jerusalem, 14) names, location, 15; his- 
 tory of, 16; ownetsbie, &' 7 8; de * 
 
PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS. ISO 
 
 Struction, 736; captivity, 142; ve Languages, origin of different. 393 
 
 captivities of, by Nebukadrecaar, 146; Law found in the temple, 138 
 
 walls rebuilt, 159 Leah and Rachel, 45 
 
 Jesse, father of David, 82 Lebanon, 8 
 
 Jethro, father-in-law to Moses, 49, 5* Levites, work of, 57 
 Jews slain at Mizpah, 147 Liberty, beginning of religious, 153 
 
 Jezebel, Abab's wife, xoq-io; slain,. 120; Libnah,6s; revolt of, 119 
 
 cf. 136 Longevity of the ante-diluvians, 33 
 
 Jczreel, Ahaziah of Judah at, *ao j^j an( j Abraham, 40. 41 
 
 Joab, David's general, 91, 96 * an d destruction of Sodom. 49 
 
 Joash of Israel, 16. xoa, 122. Lud, Lydians, 39 
 
 " Judab, MI; law at coronation 
 
 ** * 38 TVfACPELAH, CAVE of, 43 
 
 Johanan. of remnant in Palestine, 147 I"- 
 
 Jonah's message to Jeroboam II, 123 Mahanaim, city or camp, ^,91, 94 
 Jonathan, 84-6 Makkedah , Canaanitish city, 65 
 
 Joppa, city, 14 Mamre, oaks of, 41 
 
 Jordan, river, 9- 10 Man, creation of, 24- ^'antiquity of, 27 
 
 Joseph sold in Egypt, 46; imprisoned andManassch. tribe, 60; king oi Judah, tov 
 promoted, 47; bones buried, 70 i3: career of,i35-6; altars ot re moved 
 
 Joshua, 53, 63 *38. MS 
 
 Josiah, king of Judah. toa; carew of, Manna-, food, 53 
 
 137-9 Manoah, 76 
 
 Joiham, king of Judah. 126-7 Maon, 87 
 
 Jubilee year, 57 Marah, waters of, 53 
 
 Judah, sin of, 45; territory of,. 68 ' Marathon, battle of, 156 
 
 Judah alone, period of, ai. March to the sea, 51; to Sinai, 53 
 
 Judea, 8 Marriages, mixed, condemned, 158-9 
 
 Judges, period of, ai, 72-831 Mattaniah, see Zedekiah. 
 
 Medes, captives of Israel with the, 130 
 
 RADESH BARNEA. 5 8. 65 Mediterranean sea, 8. 10, 39 
 
 Kadesh, wilderness of, 6" Melchi-shua, son of Saul, 88 
 
 K.arka r, no Melchizekek, 41 
 
 Kibroth- hataavab, 57 Menahem, king of Israel, 126, f 28 
 
 Keilah, 87 Meozaleh, lake, 52 
 
 Kingdom, period of the, ai, 84-ioa Mephibosheth. of Saul, 94 
 
 " dual, 2 1 , 103- 128 Merari, 99 
 
 Kings of the east, invasion by, 41 Merib-baaf, grandson of Saul, 88. 
 
 Kirjath-jearim, 80, 91 Merodach-Baiadan king of Babylon, 133 
 
 Korah, and his host, 58; 92 Merom, lake, 10, 66 
 
 Mesha, king of Moab, 199, 113 
 
 fj ABAN AND JACOB. 45 Mesopotamia. 39; invasion by kings of. 7* 
 
 Lachish, 65 Mieah, prophet, 70, 128; to Judah, 149 
 
 Laisb, 79 Micaiah, prophet, no 
 
 Lakes of Palestine, 10 Michal, 86 
 
 Lantech's song and the origin of the arts, Michmash, 84 
 3<> Midian, 49 
 
190 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Midianlte oppression, 74 Omri, king of Israel, 109; house of Omri 
 
 Migdol. 52 extirpated, 120 
 
 Miriam, Moses* sister. 52, 57 Oppression, first Philistine, 73; Moabite, 
 
 Mizpah. 14; 7* Canaanite, 73; Midianite. 74 
 
 Mizpeh, 7*, 76, 80, 81. 83, 87 Oriental history, end of, 153 
 
 Muraim (Egypt), 57 Oman, 95 
 
 Moab, 72, 85, 147 Orpah, 77 
 
 Molooh, 127 Othniel, first judge, ?T 
 
 Mordecai, 157 Outfit for Old Testament study, 19 
 
 Moses' training '49; appeal to Pharaoh, pADDAN-ABAM, 44 
 
 49, 50; leadership of Israel, 50-62 Palestine, geography, 7.11; name, F; 
 Murder, first, 31 P^ins, 9 lakes, lorsea, brooks. 10; 
 
 political divisions, 13; possessors of, 
 
 J AAMAH, 97 at return of ex ii es , 154 
 
 Naaman the Syrian, 116 Paran, wilderness, 58 
 
 Nabal, 89 Passover established, 51; observed, 57, 
 
 Naboth, 70, tio 139 
 
 Nadab. king of Israel, 107 Patriarchal period, 40-47; political divis- 
 
 Nahor, 44 ions in, 13 
 
 Nahum, 139 Pekah, king of Israel, 126, 128 
 
 Naioth, 86 Pekahiah, king of Israel, 126 
 
 Naphtali, territory of. 68 Penuel, Jacob at, 45 
 
 Nathan, the prophet, ga, 93 Poor, 59 
 
 Natural History of Palestine, n Periods of time in Bible, 20 
 
 Nazarite, 57, 77, 80 .Periods of Old Testament History, 30-21 
 
 Nebukadrezzar, 16, 102; at Jerusalem, i43Persian ar.d Elamite powers, rise of, 152 
 Nebuzaradan's destruction of Jerusalem, Pharaoh and Abraham, 40; and Jacob, 
 
 146 48; and lytoses, 42-62. 
 
 Necho, expedition through Palestine, 139 Philistia, 8 
 
 Nehemiah, 16; third return under, 158-60' Philistines, plunder Jerusalem, 15; 43, 95 
 New Testament period, political divis- Phoenicia, 8 
 
 ions in, 13 Pi-hahiroth, 52 
 
 Nimrod, 38 Pisgah, 59, 62 
 
 Ncsh's prophecy, 37 Plagues in Egypt, 50, 51 
 
 Nob, 86 Plains of Palestine, to 
 
 North pole, Eden at, e6 Polygamy, first, 31 
 
 ' 
 
 Obed-edom, 91 Prediction, first, by man, 37 
 
 Obelisks broken, i b Prophets, schools of the, 82 
 
 Oded, father of Azariah, 106 p ul see Tiglath-pileser. 
 
 Oded, a prophet to Israel, rr, Punishment of serpent, Adam and Eve, 
 Offerings, significance of the, 56 ~ 
 
 Og, king of Bashan. 59, 61 Punishment, capital, established, 37 
 
 Old Testament world, 6 Purification, laws of, 56 
 
 books of, 17 Purim, feast of, 157 
 history, periods of, ao-2i Purity of atm0 s P here in Palestine, i 
 
PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS. 
 
 191 
 
 , SURFEIT of, 57 
 Queen of Sheba, 99 
 
 Sanballat's opposition to Nehemiah, 159 
 
 Sarah, wife of Abraham, 43 
 
 Sargon, kingoi Assyria, 129; invasion of, 
 
 RABBAH, 92 Sau 
 
 Rachel and Leah, 45 Schools of the sons of the prophets, 117 
 
 Racial affinity, scientific evidences of, 39 Sea of Palestine, 10 
 
 Rahab, 63, 64 
 
 Rain in Palestine, 12 
 
 Ramah, 81, 83, 106; school at, 117 
 
 Rameses to Soccoth, 51 
 
 Ramoth Gilead, 14, no, 112 
 
 Rebekah, finding of, 43 
 
 Rechab, 120 
 
 Red Sea to Arnon, 59 
 
 Reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah, 159 
 
 Refuge, cities of, 60; east of Jordan, 61 
 
 Regal period, political divisions in, 13 
 
 Seasons of Palestine, 12 
 Semitic sway, end of, 153 
 Sennacherib, king of Assyria, 132; inva- 
 sion of, 134 
 
 Serpent, a7; Moses', destroyed, 130 
 ,Seth, descendants of, 31 
 Settlement of the tribes, 6> 
 Seventh day, 24 
 Shallum, king of Israel, 124-6 
 Shalmaneser II, no 
 IV, 129 
 Shamgar, third judge, 73 
 
 Rehoboam, 16, 97, 102; career of, 103-4 
 
 Remnants in Palestine, and Egypt, 147-9 Shamir, 75 
 
 Rephidim, 53 Sharon, 8 
 
 Restoration, period of, 21, 152-60 Sheba, son of Bichri, 45 
 
 Return, first, 153-4; second, under Ezra, Shechem, 14; first altar in Canaan at, 40 
 
 157-8; third, Nehemiah, 158-60 Jacob at, 45; 68, 70,74; Rehoboam at 
 
 Reuben, Cad and half-tribe of Manas- 103, 147 
 
 sen, 70 Shemaiah, prophet, 105 
 
 Review, general, 160-1 Shem's future, 37 
 
 Rezin of Syria leagued with Pekah " descendants, 39, 40 
 
 against Ahaz, 126 Shibboleth, 76 
 
 Riblah, Zedekiah condemned at, 146 Shil h, 68, 79, 80, 82. zoo 
 
 Roll cut by Jehoiakim, 141 Shimei 94, 96 
 
 Rnth, 70, 77, 78 Shina% 3oa 
 
 Shishak, 16; 102 
 gABBATH.ORtGIN and significance shui:em, 8 7 ; Elisha at, 116 
 
 of, 24; desecration, 159 Shur; 53 
 
 Sabbatical year, 57 Siege of Jerusalem, 146 
 Sacrifice,29 human, in, Old Testament^ Sihon, king of Amorites, 59 
 
 Salt Sea, 10 Simeon, tribe, 68 
 
 Samaria, 8, 14. 68; Elisha at, 116; be- Sin, wilderness of, 53 
 
 sieged by Syrians, 117; fall of, 129 Sin of Adam and Eve, 27 
 
 sq. Sinai, march to, 53; doings at in Exodus, 
 
 Samaritans, origin of, 130; delayed tern- 54; to the Arnon, 57 
 
 pie building, 154-5 Sisera, 73 
 
 Samscn, thirteenth judge, 76 Smerdis false, 156 
 
 Samuel's career, 80-3 So, king of Egypt, 129 
 
OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 Sodom, fate of, 42 Tower of Babel, jgn 
 
 Sodomites removed, 106, 138 Tribal period, politi al divisions in, 13 
 
 Sojourn in Egypt, 49 Tribe*, settlement of. in Canaar, 67 
 
 Solomon's ca eer, 95-9; high places of Tyie. 14, 154 
 
 Solomon. 138; 1 15 
 
 Solomons temple, ^.o* U R OF THE CHALDEES, 40, 4 > 
 
 Song of Moses, 6a Urijah, prophet, 141 
 Sons of God and daughter* of men, 34 Urim, 87 
 
 South country, 8, It 40. 5" Uzzah, 9* 
 
 Spies' work, 58 Uzziah, king of Judah, 174, 125, 128 
 
 Succoth, S 1 V ASHTI . . ueen of Persia ' '57 
 
 Sun, images, 138: horses and chariots of 1 
 
 the, 138 ^yADIES OF PALESTINE. >o 
 
 Sun standing still. 6$ Wa jj ) writ j ng on , ne , 152 
 
 Susa, 1 56, 1 58 WaUs of j crusa i em rebuilt, 159 
 
 Sword, flaming. 8 Wandeiings, period of, 20, 51-6* 
 
 Synagogue, origin of, 160 Wai% CIV1 , ?? 
 
 Syrians, 92 War8 of j e h ova h, book of, 59 
 
 Why study O. T. History?i-s ' 
 
 r^ABERAH, 57 Wilderness, 53; of Sin, 53; of Paran, 58 
 
 Tabernacle, 55, 100 Winds of Palestine. 12 
 
 Table of nations, 3 S VEBXES (Ahasuerus). ,58 
 
 Tabor, Mt., 71 
 
 Tahpahnes, Jeremiah at, 14^ YE^KS, sabbatical and jubilee, 57 
 
 Tarshish, ships of, 98. 112 
 
 Temperature of Palestine, iz 2 AREPHATH> Elijah at, ,,5 
 
 Temple, Solomon's, 99-102: repa>red,i38;2achariah, son of Jeroboam II. king of 
 
 corner-stone of second, 154; building Israel, 124 
 
 of second, 155-6 Zebulon, territory of, 68; 131 
 
 Temptation and fall, 27-8 Zechanah, prophet stoned by Joash of 
 
 Thebez, 75 Jud^h, 121 
 
 Tibni and Omri, 108 Zechanah, prophet under Uzziah of Ju- 
 
 Tiglath-pileser, i6 t 129 dah, 124 
 
 Tigris, river, 39 Zechariah, prophet, contemporary nf 
 
 Time, periods of, covered by the Bible, Haggai, 155 
 
 20 Zedekiah, 16, 142-3. MS 
 
 Time, periods of, between Adam and the Zephaniah, 139 
 
 deluge, 33 Zerubbabel, leader of returning exiles, 
 
 Timnath-Serah, 69 154 
 
 Tiphsah smitten, 126 Ziba, 94 
 
 Tirzah, capital of Israel, 107 Ziklag, 89 
 
 Tobiah, the Ammonite, 159 Zimri, 7-day-Uing of Israel, 107 
 
 Toiof Hamath, 93 Zin, wilderness of. 58 >'f- 
 
 Tola, seventh j udge, 75 Ziph , wilderness of, 87 - . ', 
 
 Tophet, 136, 138 Zobah,8s 
 
 Zoology of Palestine, 1 1 ,../: 
 
INDEX OF SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 
 
 PAGES. PAGES. 
 
 GENESIS i-ii. 3. ........ 23 xlvi-1 ................. 48 
 
 ti.4-25 ................ 25 Hx. 17....: ....... ..... 28 
 
 ill .................... 27 
 
 j y _ .................. ^EXODUS i. 8-vii. 13 . . 49 
 
 v ..... ,, vii. I4-X.J9 ........... 50 
 
 tt7-viH."i4.""".....i.i.* 37 U ' 9 f q ................ >33 
 
 -. 37 "-""' 1 * ............. $' 
 
 viiL2o ................ 99 *.$-**. .......... 52 
 
 x. . 38 xv. 22 xviii. 27 ......... 53 
 
 xi'i^VZ.'".. 39* **-< ......... 54 
 
 xi. 10-32 ............... 32 XX ' 3 ' 4 ................. l01 
 
 .......... 40 XX : 24 ' 2 .? .............. 99 
 
 .......... 99 *-*:; ............. 6| 
 
 24,25 .............. ^ ".r* wl1 . .......... 55 
 
 ... .............. 10 ' ............ 56 
 
 xiv. i-i 7 ,i8-ao .......... 41 
 
 XT.I-Xxi.21 ........... 42 XX 
 
 xrii. ,0.4 .............. 63 KXV ' 18 ; 22 .............. ' 
 
 JtXV xl. r .............. 100 
 
 ...... 
 
 xxu-xxiv ............. 43 XX "M 2 ;*5 ............. ^oo 
 
 xxv-xxviL ............. 44 * X ' V - Xl ............... 5S 
 
 xxv '7 .................. 3 2 LEVITICUS i. 1-5 ........ 101 
 
 xxvni. lo-xxxiv. 31 ..... 45 i. xxii ................ 5 6 
 
 xxviii.i&-23 ............ 99 xiu g ................. 
 
 xxxv. 1-3, 6, 14, 15 ...... 99 xxy 
 
 xxxv. 23-26 ............. 45 
 
 xxxv. 28, 29 ............ 44 NUMBERS iiv. ......... 57 
 
 xxxvii xl ....... ...... 46 Hi. 29-31 ............... 91 
 
 xli *lv ................ 47 1^.5,15,19,20 .......... 91 
 
 57 
 
194 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 PAOES. 
 
 x. n*~xii. 16 
 
 57 xsiii xxiv. 30 
 
 .... 69 
 
 xiii xiv 
 
 
 40 
 
 xvi 
 
 
 .... 70 
 
 
 58 JUDGESi 
 
 .... 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 .... 6 9 
 
 
 
 60 iii. 31 ,. 
 
 . 73 
 
 
 60 iii. 19,26 
 
 .... 63 
 
 xxxii. 1-38 
 
 67 v. ao 
 
 .... 65 
 
 xxxiv. ii 
 
 
 .... 74 
 
 XXXV 
 
 60 vl 1^,36 
 
 133 
 
 DEUTERONOMY i xxvi 
 
 61 K 3 xvi 31 
 
 75 
 
 i. 17 
 
 10 j v/ , 
 
 73 
 
 - f g 5 ^ 
 
 xvii xviik ^. 
 
 .... 70 
 
 
 "5 
 
 .... 71 
 
 xvi. 16 
 
 loiRUTHi 
 
 .... 77 
 
 xxi. 23 
 
 65 ii-iv 
 
 .... 78 
 
 
 62 iv. 18-22 
 
 .... 78 
 
 xxviii. 25, 52-68 
 
 145 I SAMUEL i. 9, 14-15 
 
 f .... 78 
 
 xxvm.27 
 xxxiii .... 
 JOSHUA i-v 
 
 '? ;* - 
 
 * i iv. i 
 
 ii. 12-17,22-25 .... 
 
 78, 100 
 80 
 .... 78 
 
 
 IO .. g 
 
 .... 78 
 
 vi ix. 2? 
 
 64 
 
 
 vii. 6 
 
 so ";3* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 iii. 11-18 
 
 .... 79 
 
 
 <* ir.i-18 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 V. I vii. 2 
 
 ..... 79 
 
 *. 3 
 
 IO 
 Vll. 10 
 
 65 
 
 xiii. 27 
 xiv 
 
 f VK-3-.4 
 
 vii. 15 viii, 22. .... 
 6 7 ix xi 
 
 ..... 80 
 , .. 81 
 .... 84 
 
 
 68 . - 
 
 o 
 
 
 67 r 3 
 
 
 xxii. 1027* 
 
 68 ^ ;::::::;;:;: 
 
 101 
 
 ..-85,88 
 
SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 
 
 195 
 
 xii 
 
 xiii 
 
 xiii. 8-15.... 
 xiii xiv. 46 
 xiv. .. 
 
 PACES. 
 ... Si 2 
 
 ... 88 
 
 ... 82 
 
 ... 84 
 
 ... 85 
 
 xiv. 47-48 85, 8 
 
 xv 82, 85 
 
 xvi. 1-5 88 
 
 xvi. i-i3 82 
 
 xvi. 13 79 
 
 xvi. 14-23 86 
 
 xrii. 12-58 89 
 
 xvii xviii. 5 85 
 
 xviii. 6 xix. 10 86, 89 
 
 xix. 11-24....... 86,89 
 
 xix. 13 88 
 
 xix. 16 - .... 71 
 
 xix. 18-22 -- 82 
 
 xix. 18-24 . 84,88 
 
 xix. 20 82,117 
 
 xx. 1 8, 24-29 88 
 
 xx xxiv 86, 89 
 
 xxi. 1-9 88 
 
 i. 7 85 
 
 xxii. 6-19 88 
 
 xxii. 9;i8 85 
 
 xxii. 23 85 
 
 xxv 89 
 
 XXV. 1 82 
 
 xxvi 87, 89 
 
 xxvii..... 89 
 
 xxviii 87, 89 
 
 xxviii. 3-25 83 
 
 xxix.. ...... ............. 89 
 
 xxx 89 
 
 xxxi 87, 88 
 
 PACKS. 
 
 SAMUEL i. 18-27 65 
 
 i ii. 4 90 
 
 ii vi 91 
 
 vi. 1-12 loo 
 
 vii. 1-13 100 
 
 vii xi. i . .... .... ...... 92 
 
 xi xiv. ................ 93 
 
 xii. 26-31 92 
 
 xv xxi.... 94 
 
 xxi. i-ii 65. 
 
 xxi. 12-14 90 
 
 xxi. 15-22 95 
 
 xxiv ................... 95. 
 
 xxiv. 17-25. IOO 
 
 KINGS i. i ii. n 95 
 
 i * 97 
 
 iii. 4 15, 96 
 
 iv. 1-6 97 
 
 iv. 7-28 98 
 
 iv. it, 15'..... .......... 97 
 
 iv. 22-28.... 97, 98 
 
 iv. 29-34 97 
 
 iv- 34 97 
 
 v. G, 8-12 98 
 
 v. 7, 12 97 
 
 v-viii 100 
 
 v.i3 L iS 97 
 
 vi. 1,38 loo 
 
 vi. 5-10...... .......... 101 
 
 vi. 7 9$ 
 
 vi. 16,17 oi 
 
 vi. 31-33 - ioi 
 
 vii. 13-45 loo 
 
 vii. 15-22..... .......... 101 
 
 vii. 27-39 I01 
 
 vii. 48 101 
 
196 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 PACKS. 
 
 viii .................. .. 102 
 
 vii. 8 ...... ...**......* 97 
 
 viii. 64 ........ *,.. too 
 
 ix. 11-14. ........ . ., 9$ 
 
 ix. 16,24 t 97 
 ix.2o,2i ........ .-,..*. 3$ 
 
 ix. 23, 2322 ......... . 97 
 
 ix. 26-28. .............. 9$ 
 
 **- ..... ............ 97 
 
 X.22-25 ....... . ...... .. 98 
 
 x.23. 24 ............... 97 
 
 x. 28,29 .......... ...... 98 
 
 xi. ., ................ .... 99 
 
 i ............... . 97 
 
 xi. 9-13...... ... ....... 103 
 
 29 ........ ... 79I05, 114 
 
 xi. 29-39. ........103, 114 
 
 xi.'3o ............ ..... 105 
 
 xii. 1-19 ..... ... ....... 103 
 
 xii. 15 ......... , ..... . 114 
 
 xii. 20- -xv. 8 ..... ,... !O4 
 
 xii. 15, 22, 23 ------ . ..... 105 2 
 
 xii. 22-24 ............. 1*4 
 
 xii. 26-28 ...... . ....... 101 
 
 xiii. i, 5-8.... .......... 105 
 
 xiii. i, ii ............... 115 
 
 xiii. 2 ............. ,.... 138 
 
 xiii. ii ................. nS 
 
 xii? 11-31 .............. 105 
 
 xiv. 2-16.... ..... v ... IQS 
 
 xiv. 2-18 ............... 114 
 
 riv. 21,31 .............. 97 
 
 xv. 8 xvi. 20 ....... ... 106 
 
 XV. 24 .................. 112 
 
 r. 25 xvi.20 .......... 107 
 
 **-30. ............. 4 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 xvi. 1,7 I0 g 
 
 xvi. 1-5, 7, 12 114 
 
 xvi. 16-29 108 
 
 avi. 25 109 
 
 svi. t9~xvii. i...t 109 
 
 .. * 115 
 
 ... 109, 115 
 
 19,22,40 118 
 
 irfa 115 
 
 xix, !$*. 116 
 
 XX...... no 
 
 a*. 53, 23 115 
 
 %. 13,82.. Ill 
 
 RX. 28,35.,, nr 
 
 *x.^... e . I09 
 
 > IP9 
 
 sxi. 87-29*0. 115 
 
 xxi. ?,.. no 
 
 Xxil.. HO, 112 
 
 xxil 6^3, 22, 23 118 
 
 xxii. 8-28 115 
 
 xxii. 3853 no 
 
 KINGS i. 1-18 no 
 
 i.3ii.7 ti6 
 
 u. 15-18... 116 
 
 iii 112 
 
 Ul. 1*27. no 
 
 01.2-19..,* 116 
 
 111.4..., - K>9 
 
 t 8 * W5 
 
 iv. 1-7....... v . ix5 
 
 tv.42, 43 117 
 
 v, 21-24 iif 
 
 vi. i-io....^. -116 
 
 vi. 12...... i6 
 
 vi. 24/'Vii. 20 ...... .in, Ity 
 
 viii. i- 15. 117 
 
SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 
 
 197 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 viii. 16 113 
 
 viii. 16-24 H9 
 
 viii. 24-29.............. 119 
 
 ix. 1-12 117 
 
 ix xi 120 
 
 ix. 16-28 119 
 
 x.30 124 
 
 xi. 2 121 
 
 xi. 12 xii. 16. 121 
 
 xi. 18 121 
 
 xii. 4-15 .., ... . 102 
 
 xii. 17-21 121 
 
 xiii. 1-9...... .......... 121 
 
 xiii. 9 xiv. i. .......... 122 
 
 xiii. 13 123 
 
 xiii. 14-21 117 
 
 xiii. 23..... 121 
 
 xiv. 1-22 123 
 
 xiv. 8-16. ....... ....... 122 
 
 xiv. 16 123 
 
 xiv. 23-29 123 
 
 xiv. 25 123 
 
 xv. i 123 
 
 xv. 1-7 124 
 
 xv. 5 126 
 
 xv. 8-12 124 I 
 
 XT. 10-38 126 
 
 xvi. i, 5 ...... ...... .... 126 
 
 xvi. 1-20 127 
 
 xvi. 10-19.... .......... XO2 
 
 xvii. 1-23 129 
 
 xvii. 6-41 .............. 130 
 
 xvii. 13-20.............. 127 
 
 xviii. i ................. 132 
 
 xviii. i-S 130 
 
 xviii. n. 130 
 
 xviii. 14-16 132 
 
 xviii. 14 xix. 37, 
 
 XX. I-II 
 
 xx. 5,6 
 
 XX. II. 
 
 xx. 12-19 
 
 *x. 17 
 
 ** 17, 18 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 ... 134 
 
 ... 132 
 
 "33 
 
 133 
 
 133 
 
 ... 145 
 
 ... 149 
 
 **i .................... 135 
 
 xxi. 10-16 ........... 136, 146 
 
 xxi. 19-26 .............. 136 
 
 xxii xxiii. 30 ........... 137 
 
 xxii. 16,17 .............. 145 
 
 xxiii. 16 ................ 138 
 
 xxiii. 24.... ............ 71 
 
 xxiii. 30 xxiv. 6 . . ...... 140 
 
 xxiv. i ................. 149 
 
 xxiv. 8-16 .............. 142 
 
 xxiv. 10-16.... ......... 149 
 
 xxiv. 20 ................ 143 
 
 xxv. 8-21 ............... 149 
 
 xxv. 8-22 ..... . ...... v 145 
 
 xxv. 22-26 .............. 147 
 
 xxv. 27 ................. 150 
 
 xxv. 27-30 .............. 142 
 
 CHRONICLES v. 28-33 83 
 
 Ix. 22 .................. 83 
 
 xi xvi ................ 91 
 
 xvii xx ... ...... . ..... 92 
 
 *x-4-8 ............ .... 95 
 
 xxi. 18-30 ......... ..... 100 
 
 xxii ................ .... 95 
 
 xxii. I ....... .. ........ loo 
 
 xxii. 14 ............. ... IOO 
 
 xxiii xxvii. ............ 91 
 
 vi ................... 95 
 
198 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 xxvi. 28..... ........... 3 
 
 xxvii. 25-31 .......... ... 92 
 
 xxviii. 11-19........... t 
 
 xxviii. xxix. ---------- 95 
 
 xxix. 2-8 ............... 100 
 
 xxix. 29..,. ..... . ...... 83 
 
 2 CHRONICLES I 7-13.. 96 
 
 i. 14 ................... 98 
 
 il6, 17. .............. gg 
 
 ii. 2, 17, 18 ............ . 97 
 
 ii. 3-9. ..~ ...... . ..... ioo 
 
 U8-i6 .............. .... 98 
 
 iii. i ................... loo 
 
 iii.4, 5, 8, 10-13 ........ loi 
 
 iii vii. ................ 100 
 
 iv. 1-9 ................. IQI 
 
 iv. 11-16 ............... ioo 
 
 iv. 19 .................. ioi 
 
 v. i-vi. 42 ............. 102 
 
 v. 4-10 ................. loi 
 
 vi.l 2 ........ . ........ 101 
 
 vii. 1-14. ............... loi 
 
 viii. 4 6 ............... 98 
 
 viii. 79 10, It ......... 97 
 
 viii. 17, 18 ............. 98 
 
 . 1-9 ......... ....... 97 
 
 IX, 10, II, 13, 14.21,22, 
 24 ................... 93 
 
 *, 23 ............. 97,98 
 
 ix. 25, 26, 28 ......... .... 98 
 
 ix. 29 .................. 114 
 
 xi .................... -. 104 
 
 105 
 114 
 
 .. 104 
 ....... "4 
 
 x. 2 
 xi 2-4 
 xii. 2-9 
 
 PACKS. 
 
 xi. 9-u 102 
 
 x - 5 104,105 
 
 xiii 104 
 
 *" 32 104, 114 
 
 xiv xvi. 106 
 
 xv. 1^7 10 6, 108 
 
 xv. t-8 114 
 
 xvi. i-io 107 
 
 xvi 7-10 108, 114 
 
 xvii 112 
 
 xvii. xi 113 
 
 xviii... no, 112 
 
 xviii. 7-27 115 
 
 xix. 1-3 i, "3 
 
 xix. 2,3 114 
 
 XX. 2 113 
 
 xx. 5 ioo 
 
 xx. 14-17 H3, "4 
 
 xx. 34 114 
 
 xx. 37 112, 113. 114 
 
 xxi. 1-20 119 
 
 xxi. 12-15 "6 
 
 xxii. 1-9 ................. 119 
 
 xxii. xi 121 
 
 xxiiL 10-13 136 
 
 xxiii. 17 X2I 
 
 xxiii. n-xxiv. 16........ 121 
 
 xxiii. 21-25. 136 
 
 xxiv. 7 121 
 
 xxiv. 17-27. ............ 121 
 
 xxiv. 19.. ....... % 125 
 
 xxiv. 21.......*. ioo 
 
 xxv.. *. 123 
 
 xxv. 7, 15 115, 125 
 
 XXV. 17-24 122 
 
 xxvi..... 124 
 
 xxvi 5 ~. .. 125 
 
SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 
 
 199 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 xxvi. 23,23 '35 
 
 xxvii 136 
 
 xxvii. 4^6 *............. 127 
 
 xxviii. 127 
 
 xxix 102 
 
 xxx, xxxi 131 
 
 xxxii. 1-23 134 
 
 xxxii. 31 133 
 
 xxxiii. 1-18 102 
 
 xxxiii 135 
 
 xxxir. 1-13 102 
 
 xxxiv. 39-33... IO2 
 
 xxxiv. 35 *37 
 
 xxxv. iS 83 
 
 xxx vi. i-3 140 
 
 xxxvi. 6,7 149 
 
 xxxvi. 9, 10 142 
 
 xxxvi. 10..... 149 
 
 XXXVi. 11-21 IO2 
 
 xxxvi. 1-3 143 
 
 xxxvi. 16 143 
 
 xxxvi. 17-31 145 
 
 xxxvi. 18-20 149 
 
 EZRA i iii 153 
 
 iv vi 155 
 
 vii x 157 
 
 NEHEMIAH i xiii i;8 
 
 xii.27sq I$9 
 
 ESTHER i-x 156 
 
 JOBii.7 133 
 
 PSALMS vi 90 
 
 vii 90 
 
 viii 90 
 
 *viu 90 
 
 xxi 90 
 
 xxiii. 
 
 PAGES. 
 xxii. 14..... ..... . ...... 80 
 
 ...... 90 
 
 IC2 
 xxx.. ............ ..... 90 
 
 xxxiv ........... .. ..... 90 
 
 xl ..................... 90 
 
 xliii. 1*4 ............... 102 
 
 xliv. 1*3 ................ 64 
 
 xM. 1-5 ................ 100 
 
 Hi. 8 ................... ioi 
 
 I'm. . ................... 80 
 
 Hv ........... . ......... 90 
 
 Ivi. ..... ...... .. ....... 90 
 
 Ivii .................... 90 
 
 lix ..................... 80 
 
 Ixiii .................... 90 
 
 Ixxviii. 60, 67..... ...... 79 
 
 Ixxxiv. .... ..... ........ IOI 
 
 Ixxxvii. ................ 154 
 
 xcii. 12-14 ............. ioi 
 
 xcvi. 1-13 .............. 91 
 
 xcvii ................ .... 153 
 
 xcvii. 5 ................. 65 
 
 xcviii. 8 ..... . ......... 65 
 
 xcix ............ , ....... 153 
 
 xcix.6 ............... 79,83 
 
 ciii .................... 90 
 
 cv. 1-15 ................ 9 1 
 
 cvi .................... 154 
 
 cvi. 1,47,48..--* ....... 9 1 
 
 cvii .................... 154 
 
 cxiv. .... ......... ..... 63 
 
 cxv .................... 153 
 
 cxviii .................. 154 
 
 cxxvi. ................. 153 
 
200 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 FACES. 
 
 otxxii. 1-5..... 102 
 
 cxxxvii 1 154 
 
 ISAIAH i. i 125 
 
 x 134 
 
 xiii. M 152 
 
 xiv 152 
 
 xiv. 24-27 - 134 
 
 xvii. 12 14 134 
 
 xviii 134 
 
 xix 134 
 
 xx. 4-6 - 134 
 
 xxi. 9, 10 152 
 
 xxii. 1-14 134 
 
 xxvi. 21 30 
 
 xxx. 1-7 134 
 
 xxxiv. 5 28 
 
 xxxvi xxxvii. 38....... 134 
 
 xxxviii 132 
 
 xxxviii. 1-8 133 
 
 xxxviii. 17 133 
 
 xxxix 133 
 
 xxxix. 2,6 132 
 
 xl 154 
 
 xli. 1-7 152 
 
 xlvi. i.'. 79 
 
 xlviii. 20, 21 154 
 
 Iv. 12...., 65 
 
 JEREMIAH i-x 147, 139 
 
 iii. 18 150 
 
 vii. 12,14 79 
 
 vii. 31, 32 136 
 
 xiii. 1 8-2 1 142 
 
 xv. i 83 
 
 XXL I-IO 142 
 
 xxi. I- xxii. 9 145 
 
 xxii 142 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 xxii. n, 12... 140 
 
 xxii. 18, 19 140 
 
 xxiii. 5, 6. ....... ....... 142 
 
 xxiv. !.... ...... ...... 142 
 
 xxiv...* 145 
 
 xxiv. 8, 9 ... ...... 148 
 
 xxv 140 
 
 xxv. 8-38 145 
 
 XXV. II....... 149 
 
 xxv. 13.., ~ 152 
 
 xxvi, xxvii ............ 140 
 
 xxvii. 3 133 
 
 xxvii. 12-22 . 142 
 
 xjcviii. i-ii 143 
 
 xxviii. 4, u 152 
 
 xiiviii. 29 142 
 
 xxix 149, 150 
 
 xxix. 1-20 143 
 
 xxix. 17-21. 148 
 
 xxx 148 
 
 xxxii 148 
 
 xxxii xxxiv 142 
 
 xxxiv. 2, 3 145 
 
 xxxv.xxxvi 140 
 
 xxxvi.6, 9 79 
 
 xxxvi. 10 101 
 
 xxxvii xxxix 142 
 
 xxxix. 8-10 149 
 
 xlv.. 140 
 
 xl. i 148 
 
 xl xliv 147 
 
 xiii. i-n 142 
 
 xliv 150 
 
 xliv. 14, 27 148 
 
 xlvi. 1-12 140 
 
 jclvi. 10 3 
 
 xlvii 140 
 
 xlviii. 7 79 
 
SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 203 
 
 
 PAGES, 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 xlix.3 
 
 ..... 79 
 
 ^ IS 
 
 63 
 
 1 Si 
 
 152 
 
 
 124 
 
 
 .... 143 
 
 x.6 
 
 79 
 
 Iii. 12-23 
 
 """ I02 JC 
 
 >BLi.2 
 
 35 
 
 M. 12-27 
 
 *49 
 
 ii. 17 o 
 
 101 
 
 Ui. 17-30 
 
 145 
 
 
 10 
 
 iii.28 30 
 LAMENTATIONS ii. 
 
 . 146, 149 
 .AMOS i. i 
 
 9" *> i. 7 
 
 ' 2 5 
 
 124 
 
 EZEK1EL iii , 
 
 149 
 
 iii. 9 12 
 
 124 
 
 
 i$o 
 
 iv. 1-8 
 
 124 
 
 x. 18 
 
 2& 
 
 v. 27 
 
 124 
 
 xi. 14-25 
 
 149 
 
 vu. 17 
 
 124 
 
 xii. 21-28 
 
 *M 
 
 1CAH iii. 12 
 
 H5 
 
 ** a 
 
 *fi 
 
 
 149 
 
 
 IAA 
 
 vL 16 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 
 145 
 
 XX. 20-22 
 
 ^ N 
 
 AHtJM ' "i 
 
 17 
 
 xxvu. 7-ri5 
 
 
 riv ill............ 
 
 }/ 
 
 
 492EPHANIAH i. 2-6 .. .. 
 
 145 
 
 
 U7 
 
 i iii 
 
 "37 
 
 xxxviii. 2-6 
 
 3* 
 
 H. 12 
 
 28 
 
 xlii. 1-6 
 
 XQO * 
 
 BC ^. R ! A .!!.^1 3 .'. S /.".! 
 
 71 
 
 xlvii. 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 DANIEL i. 
 
 49 
 
 NBW TESTAMENT. 
 
 
 i- '6- 21 
 
 5 K 
 
 I ATTH EW i. 5 
 
 64 
 
 * I 9*" 21 
 
 '5 
 
 
 133 
 
 
 
 
 133 
 
 H.4^-49 
 
 150 
 
 xxviii. 5 - 
 
 94 
 
 xi. 8 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 HOSEAi. i 
 
 I2 $LUKB i- 46-55. 67-79 
 
 80 
 
 "i. 4 
 
 7 
 
 ii. 36.. 
 
 80 
 
 fr. 13 
 
 1*4 
 
 
 "5 
 
 ACTSii. 5 ........ --- .... 35 
 
202 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 ROMANS i. 8... 35 JAMES ii. 25 ... . 
 
 "i. 25 56 v. 17 
 
 i COR. i. 30 56 
 
 2COR.X1.3 28 
 
 HEBREWS vii.,-,1 41 REVELATION 
 
 IX. 22 101 
 
 si- 31 4 
 
 PACKS. 
 
 xx. a.. 
 
 115 
 
 xii. 9... 28 
 
 28 
 

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