UC-NRLF ^C 3D 20^ mm \ ! (. mmms Wi»;K fiii ^U^'^:' ■^aiitiAiM^M^-iJkW^!%i»M> ^i INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH // -OF THE PRINCIPAL POINTS IN— BEING L/BURLINGTONyWINOOSKll/RUTLAND, WEST RUTLAND, t^ANDON, P^AIR HAVEN, POULTNEY, CASTLETON, ST. ALBANS, SWANTON, ENOSBURG FALLS, BRATTLEBORO, BELLOWS FALLS, MONTPELIER, BARRE, WATERBURY, ^ST. JOHNSBURY, LYNDONVILLE, LYNDON, HARDWICK,\/BENNINGTON, SPRINGFIELD, WHITE RIVER JUNCTION, VERGENNES, MIDDLEBURY, NORTHFIELD AND MORRISVILLE. 1891. PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN PUBLISHING AND ENGRAVING CO., (ELEVATORS.) NoS. 149 AND 151 Church Street, New York. ^^v^ A^^ V T^Tl 0F ^E^M0M^. THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE— A RESUME OF ITS HISTORY, MIN- ERAL WEALTH AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES— ITS PROD- UCTS, ITS PEOPLE AND ITS PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. "^"^^ -F beauty of situation, the benefits of an excellent business opportunity, all that is wise in conservatism, united with all that is noble in the grand, progressive movement of the present age ; if surroundings elevating in influence, institutions helpful in an honorable struggle with the vicissitudes of practical life ; if health, wealth and happiness are attrac- tions in a place in which to spend one's days, then Vermont upon her terraced slopes must win like a mother and command like a queen. Even the stranger feels the subtle spell of the gracious hospitality vouchsafed from her hills and valleys, and the rectitude of her " habit of encounter," in the walks of business life. How much more is realized, there- fore, by her citizens, as partakers of her interests and advantages, sharers of her struggles, and co-operators in her sterling service to the country and the world ! Vermont was early explored by the French, but settled by the English, and derives its name from the French Ferd Monts, or Green Mountains. It was long claimed both by New Hampshire and New York, the territory being known in colonial times as the " New Hampshire Grants," and was the first state added to the original thirteen which formed the American Confederacy, being admitted into the Union March 4, 1791. The state is situated between the parallels of 42° 44' and 45° of north latitude, and between 3° 35' and 5° 29' of east longitude from Washington ; and is bounded on the north by the Province of Canada, on the east by New Hampshire (the west bank of the Connecticut River forming the boundary line), on the south by Massachusetts, and on the west by New York and Lake Champlain. The length of the state from north to south is 157^ miles, and the average width from east to west 57/^ miles. The length of the north line is 90 and the south line 41 miles. The state has an area of 9,056^ square miles, or 5,795,960 acres. The Green Mountains extend quite through the state from south to north and divide it into two equal parts. It has four- teen counties which are sub-divided into two hundred and forty-three townships. The heights of the principal mountain peaks of the state are as follows : The Chin, or north peak of Mansfield Mountain, 4,389 feet; the Nose, or south peak, 4,056 feet; Camel's Hump, 4,088 feet; Shrews- bury Mountain, 4,000 feet; Killington Peak, 4,221 feet; Pico, 3,935 feet; Equinox Mountain, 3,706 feet; Ascutney Mountain, 3,165 feet. The sides and, in most cases, the summits of these moun- tains are covered with evergreens. The length and width of the principal lakes are as follows : 7 M131S72 8 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF Lake Champlain, 120 miles long, 4 miles wide (lying partly in Vermont, New York and Canada) Lake Memphremagog, 33 miles long, 2 miles wide, (lying in Vermont and Canada); Lake Bomo- seen, in Castleton, 8 miles long, 2^ miles wide; Willoughby Lake, in Salem, 6 miles long, i}4 miles wide; Maidstone Lake, Maidstone, 6 miles long, i^ miles wide; Seymour Lake, Morgan, 6 miles long, half a mile wide; Salem Pond, Salem, 6 miles long, three-quarters of a mile wide; Austin Lake, Poultney, 5 miles long i^ miles wide; Lake Dunmore, Salisbury, 4 miles long, three-quarter mile wide. Vermont is prolific of rivers and streams, nearly all of which origi- nate in the Green Mountains. The Connecticut, which washes the entire eastern border of the state, receives the waters of Passumpsic River, 34 miles long; Wells River, 11 miles long, White River, 55 miles long ; Ottaquechee River, 35 miles long ; while the largest streams of the state, the Otter Creek, Winooski River, Lamoille River, and Mississquoi River empty into Lake Champlain. Otter Creek is the longest stream, being 90 miles in length, and waters about 900 square miles of territory. It has many mill privileges, utilized by some of the finest manufacturing establishments in the state, and is navigable for a distance of eight miles for the largest vessels on Lake Champlain. The mountains of Vermont are not only beautiful but they are of great practical benefit, yielding from their generous breasts valuable and seemingly inexhaustible treasures of marble and granite that give fame to the state and fortune to many of her sons. The marble quar- ries at Proctor and West Rutland are the largest and finest in the world. This marble is the strongest building stone in use. Actual and disinterested tests show the average strength to be 17,700 pounds to the square inch. It is also widely preferred for monumental and statuary work. The granite industry is conducted on a scale of the greatest magnitude at Barre, which town is noted as having the greatest increase of population during the past ten years of any town in the history of the state. Barre granite lays in sheets or layers, and varies in thickness, thus permitting the quarrying of blocks of any desired size. Its component parts are distinctly granular and evenly mixed throughout, while it contains less mica than other granites. The growth of the industry here has been marvelous. Fairhaven, Poultney and Castleton are noted for their extensive and valuable slate quarries. The deposit here contains some of the finest and most lucrative slate products in the world. It has various colors, such as greenish, reddish brown, chocolate, mottled, bright red and bluish gray. Vermont is noted as the seat of many mammoth industries of national or international reputation and importance. Among these may be named the Fairbanks Scales, at St. Johns- bury ; the Howe Scales, at Rutland ; the Estey Organs, at Brattleboro ; the lumber industry, at Burlington ; the Knitting mills, at Bennington ; the circular saw mill manufactory, at Montpelier ; Kendall's Spavin Cure, at Enosburgh Falls ; and the bridge building and iron industry at St, Albans. These, together with the great wholesale drug house of the Wells & Richardson Company, manufacturers of Diamond Dyes, Kidney Wort and Improved Butter Color, at Burling- ton ; and Dutcher's " Fly Killer," at St, Albans, make up the more notable of distinct Vermont industries ; while for a fuller description of her manufactures and commerce we refer the reader to the articles which follow on each city and town. Vermont is also pre-eminent as a stock-raising state, and its product in this direction, both in horses, sheep and cattle, is a great source of wealth. The dairying interests of Vermont are greater, according to population, than those of any other state in the Union. Vermont butter is famous the country over. So also is her maple sugar, which she produces in greater quantity than all the states combined. The principal product of Vermont, however, has been men. They are to be found in every state in the Union, and everywhere they are prominent factors in business, social, politi- cal, civil and military life. Although Vermonters are eminently men of peace, yet they won honorable distinction as soldiers, and the history of the civil war cannot be written without frequent and honorable mention of them. A Vermont regiment was the first to throw up the sacred soil of Virginia into Union intrenchments. Vermont troops made the first assault THE STATE OF VERMONT. 9 upon a Confederate fortification. Vermonters led the blue column which bore the ,stars and stripes through the blazing streets of the Confederate Capital in the closing scenes of the bloody drama, and Vermont, to her sorrow and Jier credit, had more of her sons killed in battle than any other Northern State and gave to the cause of the Union more lives lost from all causes than any other state. Her troops were led by such intrepid and honored commanders as Slannard, Thomas, Randall, Wells, Ripley, Proctor 'and Veazey ; while her sons were prominent from other states on many a bloody field. The sons of Vermont have been represented in the halls of Congress by such notable statesmen as Stephen A. Doug.las, Thad- deus Stevens, Matthew Carpenter, John A. Kasson and others ; in the White House by Chester A. Arthur; in the Vice-President's chair by William A. Wheeler and Levi P. Morton ; while the state itself has been proud to send such representatives as George F. Edmunds, Justin S. Morrill, Jacob Collamer and Solomon Foot to the Senate of the United States ; Luke P. Poland, Frederick E. Woodbridge, Portus Baxter, Charles W. Willard, Charles H. Joyce, John W. Stewart and William W. Grout to the National House of Representives; George P. Marsh, the eminent linguist and author, as Minister to Italy; John G. Saxe, the famous poet and wit; Mead and Powers as sculptors ; and such famous railroad kings and successful business men as Frederick Billings, Trenor W. Park, Redfield Proctor and John Gregory Smith. Growing more slowly and clinging more to traditions, "without haste, without rest," Ver- mont furnishes truer conditions for real life, more hopeful and rounded standards of life for "all sorts and conditions of men." With its unsurpassed educational institutions, its broad culture and the most charming social circles in the United States, in a setting of healthful climate and sanitary local influences, it makes, as it were, a medley of substantial attractions as a place of residence suited to the varied requirements of the multitudinous types of men and women in whose lives, schemes and aspirations there is ever an undertone of " Home, sweet home." GENERAL INDEX. Abraham, A. H., M'f r Cigars, Rutland 73 Adams, II. E. & Son, Opticians and Jewelers, Bur- lin<;ton 48 Adams, J. Q., Livery Stable, Montpelier. 151 Adams & Powell, Dry Goods, etc.. Fair Haven 92 Addison House, Darwin Rider, Prop., Middlebury.. 209 Adsit & Bigelow, Coal, Burlington 48 Ahern, James, Stone Cutters' Tools, etc., Barre 165 Allen, Heman W. & Co., Dry Goods, Burlington. ... 40 Allen, S. D., Flour, Barre 170 AUer, E. H., Books, Stationery, etc., Montpelier — 148 Amadou, H. M., Watches, Jewelry, etc., Bellows Falls 182 American Granite Company, Barre 1G9 American House, F. K. Harvey, Prop., Brattle- boro 124 American House, S. I. Stroud, Prop., St. Albans... 105 Andrews, F. S. , Druggist, Bellows Falls 132 Arey, Emery E., Fish, Barre 166 Arnold, O. C. & Son, Monuments, Hardwick 186 Atkins & Haines, Groceries, etc., Waterbury 173 Atwood, L. A., Photographer, Burlington 53 Auerbach, E. F. & Co., Jewelers, Burlington 48 Avenue House, (B. G. Howe, Prop.) St. Johnsbury. . 181 Averill, L. M. . Groceries, etc., Barre 161 Ayres, John II., Clothing, etc., Bennington 193 Babcock, J. V., Druggist, Montpelier 149 Bagley, C. H., Boots and Shoes, St. Johnsbury 183 Bagley, E. H., Hardware, etc.. White River Junc- tion 201 Bailey, A. L., Pianos and Organs, St. Johnsbury 181 Bailey's Dining Rooms, (N. A. Bailey, Prop.) Rut- land 74 Bailey, E. W. & Co., Flour, Corn and Meal. etc. Montpelier 143 Bailey's Music Rooms, H. W. Hall, M'g'r, Burling- ton 41 Baker, Mrs. Alice E., Hair Work. St. Albans 109 Baker, P. M., Grocer, Brattleboro 126 Ballou, Warren F., Tailor, Brandon 84 Barber, G. F., Dentist, Brattleboro 124 Barclay Brothers, Monuments, Barre 168 Bardwell, The, (Cramton & Carpenter, Prop's.) Rut- land 67 Barre Book and Job Printing Establishment, The, (Thos. H. Cave, Prop. ) Barre 168 Barre Wood Working Company, Barre 163 Barrett, T. M., City Drug Store, Rutland 69 Batchelder & Robinson, Hardware, etc.. Water- bury 172 Bates, A. C. & Son, Builders' and Saddlery Hard- wai-e, Rutland 71 Bates House, (A. H. Tuttle & Son, Prop's.) Rut- land 64 Beatty, J. W., Medicines, Enosburg Falls 117 • Beatty, S. J., News Agent, Burlington 54 Beeman, Hunt & Co., Dry and Fancy Goods, Bur- lington 50 Berry, Hall & Co., Teas, Coffees, etc.,- Burlington. . . 44 Billings, B. & Son, Groceries, etc., Rutland 68 Bisbee, Edward W., General Insurance Agency, Barre 162 Bixby,, H. R., Drugs and Medicines, Montpelier- 148 Blake, F. J., Photographer, Bellows Falls 133 Blakely, C, Drugs, etc., Montpelier 151 Blanchard, A. N., Photographer, Montpelier 150 Bogle Brothers, Jewelry, White River Junction 200 Bolac, S. W., Meats, Oysters, etc., Morrisville 216 Bomoseen House, (Horace B! Ellis, Prop.) Castle- ton 97 Bond, Frank A., Clothing, etc., Middlebury 209 Bond, H. E., Undertaker, etc., Brattleboro 126 Bond, Mrs. J. M., Millinery, etc., Barre 165 Bonett, Geo. W., Meats, Groceries, etc., St. Johns- bury 180 Booth & Harris, Insurance Agents, Bennington 191 Booth, J. R., M'f r and Dealer in Lumber, etc., Bur- lington 45 Borley, Isaac S., Insurance, St. Albans 104 Bosworth, F. B., Druggist, Bellows Falls 134 Bouifard, Levi, Baker and Dealer in Fruits, etc., Springfield ... 196 Boyce, H. E., Meats, Groceries, etc., Waterbury... 172 Boyce & Boyce, Attorneys at Law, Barre 160 Boynton & Calderwood, Druggists, St. Johnsbury. . . 183 Brandon Italian Marble Co., Brandon 83 Brandon Manufacturing Co., Marble and Granite Monuments, Brandon 82 Brandon National Bank, Brandon 81 Brattleboro Custom Laundry, (Mrs. Wm. Russell, Proprietress) Brattleboro 125 Brattleboro Iron Foundry, Peter Joyce, Prop., Brat- tleboro 124 GENERAL IXUEX. Brennan, T. C, Restaurant, St. Albans . . 109 Brigss, C. W., Hardware, Brandon ; 84 Brigjjs, Edward W., Jeweler, Brandon 85 Briggs, Geo., Insurance, Brandon 85 Brodie & Parker, Ml'rs and Jobbers in Boots and Shoes, Burlington 44 Brooks, Milton A., Fire Insurance, Middlebury 210 Bi'ooks, E. C, Tailor, St. Johnsbury 182 Brooks & Berry, Groceries, etc., Montpelier. ...... 158 Brown, A. C. & Son, Insurance, Montpelier 146 Brown, C. F. , Undertaker, Burlington 53 Brown, Henry R., Livery Stable, Brattleboro 12G Brown, X. K. & Co., M'f'r Proprietary Medicines, Burlington 50 Burlington Business College and Short-hand School, Burlington 42 Burlington Cotton Mills, M'f'r Print Cloths 48 Burlington Shirt Company, M'f rs Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, Burlington, 52 Burlington Woolen Company, Colchester Mills, Wi- nooski 56 Burns, J. H., Tin and Hardware, Enosburg Falls 117 Burpee, J. G., Oysters, Butter, Eggs, etc., Rutland. . 74 Burt, H. A. Jr., Insurance, Swan ton. 112 Buttles, H. S., Restaurant, Brandon 85 Caden, John, Grocery, Rutl ind 72 Cady, Geo. E., Jobber in Confectionery, Bellows Falls 133 Cahee, Jas. L., Market and Grist Mill, Brandon 83 Calder. W. W., Harness, etc., Barre 169 Cameron, Mrs. J. M., Millinery, etc., Waterbury. . . . 173 Campbell, Dr. C. S., Dentist, St. Albans 109 Campbell, J. A., Coal, Lime, etc., Fair Haven.. 90 Capital Granite Company, Montpelier 146 Capron, Chas. E., Tailor,. Bellows Falls 134 Carpenter, Chas, P., Hardware, etc., St. Johnsbury. 178 Carpenter, E. J., Newspapers, etc., Brattleboi'0 124 Carpenter, F. M., Photographer, Enosburg Falls 116 Carpenter, Mrs. Helen F., Art Embroidery Material, etc., St. Johnsbury 183 Carr & Son, Contractors and Builders, Brandon 85 Cassie, Geo., Monuments, Barre 164 Centennial House, (Mrs. C. Nolan, Pi-oprietess) Ben- nington 192 Central House, (G. W. Jeffords, Prop.) Barre 168 Central House, (Leon Pomeroy, Proj).) Rutland 73 Central Livery and Carriage Company, The, Geo. O. Hassam, M'g'r, Rutland 71 Chalmers, Geo. E., Bookseller, etc., Rutland 66 Chamberlin, J. B., Groceries, Barre 163 Chandler, Perley, Watchmaker and Jeweler, Barre. 164 Champlain Hotel (J. Donnelly, Prop.), Burlington. . 46 Channell, C. E., Plumbing, etc., Rutland 67 Chapman «fe Co., Clothing, etc., Middlebury 210 City Drug Store, (C. M. Soule, M'g'r) Yergennes 205 Clarihew & Gray, Monuments, etc., Barre 167 Clark, W. M., Hair Dresser, etc., Morrisville 217 Clark, A. F., Photographer, Barre 166 Clark, D. H., Variety Store. Barre 169 Clements, Fred, Livery and Feed Stable, Rutland... 73 Clifford, T. A., Drugs, etc., Rutland 68 Coburn, A. O., Hardware, etc., Springfield 196 Colby, Warner F., Furniture, Carpets, etc., Barre. . 162 Colby Wringer Company, M'f rs Cloths Wringers, Montpelier 145 Collins, H. A., S wanton Clothing Co., Swanton 112 Columbian Marble Co. Producers and Wholesalers, Rutland 63 Comegys & Webster, Dentists, St. Albans 110 Corry, Frank M., Oysters, etc., Montpelier 152 Cosgritt' & McGrath, Groceries, etc., Burlington 54 Cox, A. V. & Co., Stoves, Ranges, etc., Brattleboro. 125 Craven, W. B., Hotel Champlain, Burlington 44 Cross Brothers, Monuments, Noi'thfield 212 Cross, C. H. & Son, M'f'rs Confectionery, etc., Mont- pelier 150 Crossman, Geo. A., Druggist. Brandon 84 "Crystal, The," (David Williams, Prop.) Groceries, etc., Poultney 96 Currier, Geo. K., Dry Goods, etc., Morrisville 216 Currier, R. S. & Co., Dry Goods, etc., Barre 160 Curtis & Keith, Livery Stable, Barre 169 Cutler, H. E., Photo-Artist, Morrisville 216 Cutler & Burnham, Monuments, Barre I(j8 Dalrymijle, Geo., Foundry and Machine Shop, Fair Haven 90 Daniels, H. B. & A. R., M'f'rs Butter and Sugar Tubs, Morrisville 216 Davis & Phillips, Monuments, etc., Northfield 211 Davis, Henry H., Books, Stationery, etc., Burlington 52 Dean, F. E., Grocer, Vergennes 205 Dean, Mrs. M. B., Dry Goods, etc., St. Johnsbury. . . 182 Demers Bros., Groceries, etc., St. Johnsbury — 178 Desautels, E., Grocer, St. Albans 106 Dewey, D. & Son, Stoves and Tinware, Montpelier., 147 Dewey, P. G., Groceries, etc., Montpelier 152 Devereux, Peter, Tin, Copper and Sheet-Iron Worker, etc., Burlington 52 Diamond Restaurant, The, Rutland 69 Dickerman, C. E., Photographic Studio, St. Johns- bury 182 Donnelly, J. H., Tailor, Vergennes 206 Donovan, J. P., Agent New York Nat'l Building and Loan Association, Montpelier 149 Dorr's S. M. Sons, Bankers, Rutland 67 Driscoll & Graves, Grain and Mill Feed, St. Albans. 108 Dudley, D. W., Livery Stable, Montpelier 1.52 Duhamel, J. L., Boots and Shoes, Burlington 48 Dutcher, Frederick & Sons, Druggists, St. Albans. . 106 Edson, A. W., Livery Stable, Rutland. 74 Edson, Henry O., Building Material, Rutland 73 Edgerton, O. D., Dry Goods, etc., Northfield 212 Egerton, J. K., Insurance, Northfield 212 Eldred, E. D., Ladies' Fine Footwear, Morrisville 217 Eldridge, L. D., Insurance, Middlebury 209 Elm Tree House, (M. J. Guiltinan, Prop.) Benning- ton 193 Ensign, H. H., Groceries, etc., Rutland 66 "Exchange, The," (Kelton & Sparrow, Props.) Montpelier .. 149 GENERAL INDEX, Fail-bank & Labaiee, Plumbino-, etc., Bellows Falls. 132 Fair Haven Marble and Marbleized Slate Co., Fair Haven 90 Farmers' National Bank, The, Vergennes 205 Farr, N. H., Livery, Board and Feed Stable, Bellows Falls 133 Farwell, A. D., Clothing, etc., Montpelier 153 Feeley House, (Thos. Feeley, Prop.) Eutland 72 Ferguson & Adsit, Saddlery and Carriage Hardware, Burlington 49 Ferguson Brothers, Milk, Cream and Ice, Burling- ton 50 First National Bank, Montpelier 142 First National Bank of Brandon 83 Fish, F., Groceries, etc.. West Eutland 78 Fisher, A. B., Contractor and Builder, Burlington. . 47 Fisk, The Misses, Millinery, etc., Montpelier 147 Forbush & Newton, Dentists. Montpelier 151 Fox, Geo. W., Guns, Rifles, etc., Barre 169 Fuller, D. L. & Son, Hardware, etc , Montpelier 150 Fuller, E. D., Livery Stable, St. Albans 107 Fulton Market, (H. Skeels, M'g'r.) Barre 164 Gates, A. O., Druggist, Morrisville 217 Gates, D. P., Groceries, etc., Bennington 192 Geddis, W. R., Bookseller and Stationer, Brattle- boro 126 George, J. R., Country Producee, Barre 166 Gibson, C. D., Druggist, Bennington 193 Gilder, Mrs. M. G., Milliner, St. Albans 110 Gilman, Dr., Dentist, St. Albans 105 Gipson, H. M., Lumber, etc., Brandon 82 Gleed & Rich, Marble Dealers, Enosburg Falls 117 Glidden & Harvey, Monuments, etc., Barre 167 Globe Hotel, (S. French, Prop. ) Rutland 68 Good ell, J. W., Granite and Marble Monuments, Burlington 41 Goodrich, A. M., Tailor, St. Johnsbury 184 Goodrich, H. J. & Co., M'f'rs Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Ware, St. Johnsbury . . 182 Gosselin & Poulin, Groceries, Rutland 69 Gould, E, A., Meats and Vegetables, Barre 166 Grand Union Tea Company, Burlington 48 Grant, J. H., Meat, Fruit and Provisions, Rutland. . 71 Graves, M. J., Hardware, etc., Vergennes 204 Graves, J. E. & Co., Grocers, Brandon. 86 Greene, S. T., Architect and Builder, Burlington. . . 54 Griffin, L. J. & Co., Plumbers, etc., Barre 167 Griffith, A. M., Millinery and Fancy Goods, Benning- ton 194 Griffith, Owen & Co., Slate M'f'rs, Fair Haven 91 Grimes, Frank H., Photographer, Brandon 85 Griswold, Pearl & Co., Flour, Grain, etc., St. Johns- bury 181 Gutterson, G. L., Dentist, Fair Haven 93 Hadley, Mrs. E. A., Millinery and Fancy Goods, Morrisville 216 Hagar. Geo. I., Builders' and Saddlery Hardware, etc. , Burlington 46 Haigh, W. H., Tailor, Brattleboro 124 Hall & Cheney, Druggists, Morrisville 215 Hall, Geo. A., Furniture, etc., Burlington 50 Hall, Jno. V. & Son, insurance, Bennington 191 Harding, John, Monuments, etc., White River Junction 201 Harriman & Roche, Boots and Shoes, Bellows Falls 133 Harris, H. M., Hardware, etc., Beiniington 193 Harvey, C. H., Furniture, St. Albans 107 Hayes, J. W., Groceries, Burlington 53 Hazard Slate Company, The, Fair Haven 91 Hazen, L. D., Lumber, St. Johnsbury ISO- Henderson & Stephens, Monuments, Barre 100 Hendry, E. B., Livery Stable, Brandon 8;i- Herrick, Geo. M., Dry Goods, etc., Poultney 95 Hibbard, W. W., Books, Stationerj'^, etc., Poultney.. 95v Hickok, J. S. & Son, General Insurance, Vergennes 204 Hildreth, Chester, Watches, Jewelry, etc., Purling- ton 45- Hildreth, E. L. & Co., Printers, Brattleboro. . .'. 123 Hill, Henry R., Men's Outfitting, Burlington 49 Hillard, C. B., Dry Goods, Rutland 72. Hoag & Clauson, Boots, Shoes, etc., Rutland 67 Holmes, J. H. & Co., M'f'rs Steam Boilers, Rutland 63- Holton, Harry A., Jewelry, etc.. White River Junc- tion 201 Horton, M. J., Hardware, Poultney 95- Hotel Burlington, (Delaney & Harrington, Props.) Burlington 47 Houghton, Frank C, Cloaks, Rutland 75- Houghton, M. B., Livery Stable, Bennington 193 Howard, Daniel D., Boots and Shoes, Bellows Falls. 133- Howe, F. L. & Co., Marble and Granite, Northfield. 212; Howard National Bank, Burlington 40 Howe, John, Insurance, Castleton 97 Hudson, F. W., Dentist, Brandon 82: Hulbard, R. W., Lamps, Dinner Sets, etc., Burling- ton 45 Hunton, C. H. & Co., Monuments, etc., Barre 166 Husted & Bartley, Tailors, Vergennes 204 Hutchins, D. N., Grocer, Morrisville 217 Hyde, A. S. & Son, Grocers, St. Albans 110- Hyde, E. D., Hardware, etc., Montpelier 145 Island Mills, N. G. Norton & Sons, Flour, Meal, etc., Vergennes 204 Jackson, A. N., Dentist, Hardwick 185 Jackson, Mrs. F. W., Millinery, etc., Barre 167 Jackson, G. I., Groceries, etc., Barre 166 Jacobs' Home Bakery, Brattleboro 126 Jeffords, J. M., Druggist, Enosburg Falls 116 Johns, A. N., Furnishing Goods, etc., Burlington. . . 42 Johnson, F. W. , Livery, Brandon 85 Jones & Kelly, Fresh and Salt Meats, Burlington. . . 54 Joslyn, J. M., Dry Goods, etc., Morrisville 217 Junction House, (N. S. Eddy, Prop.) White River Junction 200 Keefe, J. T., Boots, Shoes, etc.. Bellows Falls 134 Keenan, Chas.. Planing Mill, Swanton 112 Kelley, Geo. W., Wholesale Grocer, Burlington 51 Kelley, M. B., Groceries, etc., Bellows Falls 134 Kendrick & Kimball, Druggists, Barre 163 GENERAL INDEX, Kenerson, C. H. & Co., Monuments, etc., Barre 165 Kennedy, Miss S. A., Millinery, etc., Burlington 53 Kent, B. L., Confectioner, Burlinj^ton 45 Kirk, C. E., Livery Stable, St. Jolinsbury 184 King, Fred., Watches, etc., Barre 166 Kingsley, Levi G., Hardvpare, Rutland 64 Kinsella, Henry, Restauiant, Rutland 75 Kinsman, W. R., M'f r and Dealer in Monumental Work, Rutland 65 Knapp, Alvin, Dentist, Brattleboro 127 Knight, Jno. L., Grocer, Brandon 86 Knowles, R. J. & Co., Upholstery, St. Albans 108 Labaree, C. K., Chicago and Northern Dressed Beef, etc., Bellows Falls 134 La Fountain, M., Tailor, Springfield 196 Laird, W. H. & Co., Dry Goods, etc.. White River Junction 202 Lane, A. F. , Books, St. Albans 106 Lane, A. W., Architect and Builder, Barre 168 Lane, E. H., M'f r Organ Stop Stems, Winooski 56 Lane, W. H. & Son, Livery Stable, Burlington 51 Lane M'f'g Co., Lane's Patent Circular Saw Mills, etc., Montpelier 143 Lane, The Misses, Variety Store, St. Albans 109 Lang & Campbell, Jewelers, Morrisville 215 Lapelle, A., Flour, Feed, etc., Swanton 113 Laughlin, E. A., Tobacco, St. Albans 109 Lawson & Davis, Monuments, etc., Hard wick 186 Le Boeuf , Cyril, Baker, Rutland 75 Leland, C. A. & Son, Dry Goods, etc., Springfield... 196 Leonard, Eugene S., Insurance, Bellows Falls 132 Leo & McLaren, Diy Goods, etc., Burlington 43 Lewis, Dr. James, Dentist, Burlington 49 Locklin, J. A., Oysters, Groceries, etc., Montpelier.. 151 Long, Abraham, Shoes, Montpelier 152 Long, Clark L., M'f'r Carriages, etc., Rutland 71 Long, Daniel F., Bookseller and Stationer, Mont- pelier 147 Lougee Bi'os. & Smythe, Dry Goods, etc., St. Johns- bury 179 Lucia, Peter M., Boots and Shoes, Enosburg Falls. . 116 Lyon, T. J., M'f'r Crackers, Rutland 70 Manchester & Spooner, Druggists, Brandon 85 Manley, Allen H., Doors, Sash and Blinds, Enos- burg Falls 116 Mann, Dr. W. F., Dentist, Barre 168 Maranville, J. P. & Co., Grocers, Rutland 75 Marble City Market, Denis & Crosier, Props., Rut- land 73 Marble Savings Bank, The, Rutland 65 Marcelais, Chas. L., General News Dealer, etc., Bur- lington 51 Marrion, Thos. H., Monuments, etc., Barre 168 Marshall Brothers, Watches and Jewelry, Rut- land 65 Mascott, F. E. & Co., Carriage Painters, Castleton. . 97 Mason, O. D. & Son, Harness, etc., Swanton 113 Mathews & Hickok, M'f'rs Packing Boxes, Burling- ton 50 Maxham, Miss E. C, Ladies' Trimmings, St. Al- bans 107 Maynard, C. T. & Co., M'f'rs Marble Machinery, Fair Haven 91 McDonald & Smith, Furniture, etc., Swanton 113 McGaffey, Andrew, Harness, etc., Bvnlington 53 McGuirk, J. F., Groceries, etc., Rutland 74 Mcintosh, E. M., D. D. S., Montpelier 150 McMahon, Mrs. P. H., Ladies' Bazaar, Burlington.. 49 McWhorter, Frank & Co., Clothing, etc., Barre 164 Mead & Parkhurst, Druggist, Fair Haven 93 Meagher, M., Steam Heating, Gas Fitting, etc., Bur- lington . . 52 Mears, A. W., Harness, etc., Morrisville 216 Meigs, J. S., Tailor, St. Johnsbury 181 Menus, Frederick R., Photographer, Burlington 46 Merriam's, E. N., Music and Art Rooms, Rutland. . . 70 Merritt, W. T., Grocer, St. Albans 110 Miller, A. E., M'f'r Candies, Brattleboro 125 Miller, Wm., M'f'r Ginger Ale, Champagne Cider, etc., Montpelier 144 Miller & Ryan, M'f'rs Carriages and Sleighs, St. Johnsbury 183 Mills, H. Z., Dry Goods, Barre 163 Milne & Wyllie, Monuments, Barre 169 Miner, S. D., Boots and Shoes, Vergennes. 205 Miner, L. F., M'f'r Wagons and Sleighs, Rutland 76 Minott, A. A., Dentist, Northfield 211 Montana, L. L., Bakery and Restaurant, North- field 211 Montpelier Steam Laundry, (H. M. Whitcomb«fe Son, Props.), Montpelier 146 Moore, C. H., Clothing, Springfield 195 Moore, J. C, Hard and Woodenware, St. Johnsbury. 184 Moore, J. G., Marble Worker, St Albans 108 Moore & Co., Fire Insurance, St. Johnsbury 180 Morehouse, O. H., Dentist, Fair Haven 91 Morgan, MissH. J., Millinery Goods, Bennington... 192 Morrill, C. T., Meats. Groceries, etc., Morrisville.. 217 Morse, F. A. Druggist, West Rutland 78 Mullins, Miss N., Millinery, Rutland 76 Munson, H. P., Merchandise, Morrisville 215 Nash, Chas. R., Stoves, Ranges, etc., Burlington 42 National Bank of Vergennes, The 204 National Bank of White River Junction 199 National Life Insurance Co., The, Montpelier 142 Nelson, Henry J., M'f'r and Dealer, Furniture, Bur- lington 47 Nichols, C. W., Photographer, Rutland 71 Nichols, J. G. & Son, Clocks, Watches, etc., Barre. . 163 Noyes, Orrin E., Tailor, Springfield 196 Nutting, Wilson D., Dry Goods, Brandon 82 Olmstead, A. S., Groceries, etc., St. Albans 108 Orton & Howe, Meat and Vegetable Choppers, etc., Brattleboro 123 Page, R. G., Sewing Machines, etc., Burlington 43 Page Bros., Livery Stable, Barre 170 Park View House, (D. J. Rutledge, Prop.) Fair Haven 93 GENERAL INDEX. Park & Dunbar, Monuments, Barre 167 Parker, G. & Son, Slate, Poultney 96 Parmenter, C, Insurance, Kutland 74 Patrick, E. L., Watches and. Jewelry, Poultney 96 Pease & Mason, Clothiers, Burlington 43 Peck, Oren A., Furniture, Fair Haven 92 Peck, T. S., Genei'al Insurance Agent, Burlington. .. 41 Peck & Cummins, M'f rs Leather, Montpelier 148 Pelkey, W. II., M'f'rs Slate and Marble Columns, etc.. Fair Haven 93 Pelton Printing Company, Job Printers, Rutland ... 72 Pepin, Dr. H. A., St. Albans Ill Perrin, G. B., Photographer, Springfield 195 Perry & Camp, Dry Goods, etc., Barre 165 Pettee, F. G., Dentist, Brattleboro 126 Phelps Brothers, Hardware, etc., Barre 160 Phelps, H. M. & Co., Wholesale Granite, Burlington 42 Phillips, A. B., Meat Market, Waterbury 173 Phillips, G. T., D. D. S., Rutland 76 Phillips, Mrs. W. H., Millinery, Brattleboro 124 Pierce House, (J. Higgins, Prop.) Middlebury 209 Pierce, Mrs. E. C, Millinery, etc., St. Johnsbury 184 Pierce, II. M., Coal, Montpelier 149 Pitkin's, H. B., Capital Laundry, Montpelier 152 Pitkin & Skinner, Swift's Chicago Dressed Beef, Barre 162 Plummer, Luther R., Crockery, Glassware, etc., Brattleboro 124 Pollard, B. F., Tailor, etc., Rutland 72 Potter, C. W., Baker, Barre 167 Poultney Slate Company, The, Poultney 95 Preston, W. S., Jewelry, etc., Castleton 97 Proctor, O. A., Meat Market, Fair Haven 92 Prouty, E. M., Contractor and Builder, Swanton 113 Prouty's, J. W., Famous Portraits, Brattleboro 125 Quimby, Geo. H., Harness, etc., Enosburg Falls 117 Randall, O. A., Livery Stable, White River Junction 201 Rankine's, T., Bakery, Rutland 73 Ranney & Perkins, Dry Goods, etc., Springfield 195 Ransom, A. L., Dry and Fancy Goods, etc., Castle- ton 97 Red Drug Store, The, (H. R. Kimball, Prop. ) Hard- wick 185 Redfield Printing Company, Fair Haven 93 Reed, C. & Son, Lumber, Fair Haven 92 Reed, G. H., Contractor and Builder, Brattleboro. .. 123 Reed, O. H., Dentist, Barre 167 Reed & Taylor, Wholesale Tobacco and Cigars, Bur- lington 40 Reed, C. E., Clothing, Northfield 211 Register Company, Publishers of the Middlebury Register 210 Renaud, N. J., Confectionery, etc., Vergennes 206 Reynolds, Geo. J. & Co., Hardware, etc., Barre 159 Rich, W. B., Dentist, Vergennes 205 Richardson & Luce, Dry Goods, etc., Waterbury 172 Richardson, Twigg & Co., Dry Goods, etc., St. Al- bans 105 Riker, R. R., Tailor, Montpelier 152 Roberts, C. B., Livery Stable, Montpelier 147 Roberts, Wm., Dining Rooms, St. Albans 110 Roberts Brothers & Co., Insurance Agents, Burling- ton 55 Robinson, Dr. J. A., Dental Surgeon, Morrisville 215 Rochester Clothing Company, Rutland 74 Roess, J. D., M'f'r Cigars, Brattleboro 125 Rogers, Isaac & Son, Slate Roofers, etc., Burlington 47 Root & Grandfield, Meat Market, Waterbury 173 Ross, Chas. E., Dry Goods, etc., Rutland 70 Ross, Chas. H., Boots and Shoes, Brandon 84 Ross, Warren E., Boots, Shoes, etc., Rutland 72 Rowell, A. D., Jeweler, etc., St. Johnsbury 178 Rowley & Prior, Groceries, Burlington 52. Rutland Creamery, (Hart & Marks, Props.) Rut- land 65 Rutland Savings Bank, Rutland 63. Rutland Steam Laundry, (J. D. Storms, Prop.) Rutland 69- Ruchleau, O. C, Baker, Fair Haven 92: Russell, J., Tailor, Enosburg Falls 116. Rutledge, Jno. E., Livery Stable, Fair Haven 93. Ryan, J. W., Grocer, St. Albans. . . Ill Sails, H. E., Tobacco, Cigars, etc., Burlington 53. Sargent, H. W., M'f'r Cabinets, Book Cases, etc., Brattleboro 12,3. Savery, C. E., Groceries, Brandon 84 Savage, E. F., Baker, etc., Waterbury 172 Scofield, J. & Son, Stoves, etc., St. Albans 109 Scott, Wm., Bookbinder, Burlington 54 Scott & Jones, Groceries, Brattleboro 127 Sexton, D. F., Jewelers' Supplies, Brandon 84 Shattuck, G. W., Groceries, St. Albans 105 Sheei-ar, J., Dentist, St. Albans Ill Sheldon, W. H., Di-uggist and Grocer, Middlebury. . 209 Shepard, Mrs. W. F. & Co., Millinery, Barre 164 Sherburne, F. W., Photographer, Barre 169 Sibley, G. B., M'f'rs Brush, Briddles, or Binders, etc., Bennington 191 Silsby, D. M., Livery Stables, Lyndonville 18T Sipperly, W. IL, Photographer, Vergennes 205 Slade, Miss S. S., Variety Store, Montpelier 149 Slayton, H. A. & Co., Flour, Mill Feed, etc., Mor- risville 215 Slayton, Fred A., Livery Stable, Barre 165 Smith, Clinton, Contractor and Builder, Middlebury 209 Smith, Chas. A., Druggist, etc., Barre 160 Smith, Carlos L., Groceries, etc., Montpelier 152 Smith, Geo. W., Baker and Confectioner, White River Junction 19!> Smith, Loomis J., Slate Roofing, Burlington 51 Smith, N. F., Meat Market, Bennington 192 Smith, R. H., Photographer, St. Albans 106 Smith & Co., M'f'rs Carriages and Sleighs, Bur- lington .52 Smith & Ketchum, Furniture, Vergennes 206 Smith, W. S. & Co., Boots, Shoes, etc., Rutland 76 Smith, Whitcomb & Cook, M'f'rs Barre Turbine Water Wheels, Barre. 161 Snelling, F. B., Photographer, Lyndonville 187 Soule, A. B., Dentist, St. Albans 110 Spaulding, A. F., Machinist, etc., Northfield 212 GENERAL INDEX. Spaulding, J. P., Bookseller, etc., Rutland 70 Spalding & Beach, Grocers, Burlington 54 •Spaulding, Kimball & Co., Wholesale Grocers, Bur- lington 43 Spear Brothers, Architects and Builders, Burlington 51 Spencer, G. P., Monuments, Lyndon 187 Spencer, T. C, Watches, etc., St. Johnsbury 183 St. Albans Beef Company, St. Albans 106 St. Albans Foundry Company, St. Albans 103 St. Amour Felix, Jeweler, Enosburg Falls 116 St. Johnsbury House, The, (W. L. Krogman, Prop.) St. Johnsbury 180 Stacy, O. C, Livery and Boarding Stables, Burling- ton 49 Standish, F. A., M'f r Cigars, Montpelier 151 Stearns, R. B. & Co., Park Drug Store, Burlington. . 49 Steele, C. W., D. D. S., Barre 162 Steele, E. D. & Co., Clothing, etc., St. Johnsbury. . . 178 Stevens, Mrs. C. E., Millinery-, Rutland 68 Stone, A. G., Watches, Clocks, etc., Montpelier 143 Stone, D., Fish, etc., Rutland 70 Strain, Miss L. M., Millinery, Burlington 54 Styles, Robert S., Steam Job Printer, Burlington. . . 54 Squire & Rawson, Watches and Jewelry, Benning- ton , 194 Sullivan, Eugene & Co., Practical Carving, Barre. .. 169 Temple, John M., Groceries, etc., Northfield 211 Temple of Fashion, (Mrs. J. A. McKanna, Proprie- tress) Fine Millinery and Fancy Goods, Burling- ton 51 Thompson, C. F. & Co., Hardware, Brattleboro 126 Thompson's Steam Laundry, (D. A. Thompson, Prop. ) Bennington 193 Thurber, A. E., Cracker Baker, Brattleboro 125 Town's Hotel, (A. R. Mason, Prop.) Bellows Falls. . 133 Towne, G. J. & Co., Groceries, Barre 159 Towner, S. S., Furniture, etc., Montpelier 144 Townsend, Chas. G., Furniture, etc., Rutland 71 Trombley, F. N., Baker, St. Albans 109 Turk, B. & Bro., Clothing, etc., Burlington 44 Turrill, Henry, Dentist, Rutland 75 Tuttle, F. G., Fine Shoes, etc., Rutland 66 Tuttle Co., The, (Corporation) Publishers and Sta- tioners, Rutland 64 Twitchell, F. F. & Co., Dry Goods, etc., St. Albans.. 107 Twombly, Aaron, Dry Goods, etc., Lyndonville 187 Union Card Company, (Chas. F. Buswell, Prop.) M'f rs Plain and Fancy Cards, Montpelier 145 Union Pacific Tea Company, (B. S. Bain, M'g'r) Rut- land 66 United States Clothes Pin Company, Montpelier. ... 148 Utton, T. W., Stable, Morrisville 215 Valentine Knitting Company, M'f'rs Knit Under- wear. Bennington : 191 Valiquette, L., Jr., Boots. and Shoes, Rutland 75 Venetian Blind Company, Burlington 47 Vermont House, (A. G. Nast, Prop.) Morrisville 217 Vermont Construction Company, Bridge Building, St. Albans 103 Vermont Farm Machine Co., The, Bellows Falls 131 Vermont Investment Company, The, Burlington 55 Vermont Loan and Trust Company, Brattleboro 123 Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Co., Montpelier 144 Wales, Chas. N., Butcher, Enosburg Falls 117 Walker & Bros., O. J., Wholesale Grocers, Burling- ton 46 Ward, A. M. & Son, Flour, Grain, etc., Hardwick. . . 186 Warner, W. C, Optician, St. Johnsbury 179 Warren, C. C, Harness, Leather, etc., Waterbury. . 173 Watchie, J. L., Groceries, etc., Lyndonville 187 Waterbury National Bank, Waterbury 172 Waterman, O. M., Clothing, etc., Morrisville 216 Watkins, R. H., Stoves, Ranges, etp.. West Rutland. 78 Waters & Hubbell, Drs., Burlington 50 Welden House, Walter B. Johnson, M'g'r, St. Al- bans 107 Wells, Lamson & Co., Granite, Barre 159 Weston & Smith, Monuments, etc., Montpelier 152 Wheatley, D. S., Dry Goods, etc., Montpelier 144 Wheeler, Chas. F., Clothing, Burlington 46 Wheeler, J. C, Agricultural Implements and Carria- ges, Brandon 86 Wheelock, M. W., Book Binding, Montpelier 151 White, E., Watchmaker and Jeweler, Rutland 75 White, E. H., Watches, Jewelry, etc., West Rutland 78 White River Furnituije Company, White River Junc- tion 201 Whitney, H. T., Dentist, Montpelier 146 Wilder, Geo. W., Pianos and Organs, Montpelier 1.50 Wight, Henry M., Second Hand Furniture, etc., Burlington 45 Wilkinson, E. A., Monuments, etc., Barre 167 Williams, F. T., Picture Frames, etc., White River Junction 200 Williams, S. D. & Son, Boots and Shoes, Fair Haven. 93 Willoughby, Harry, Stoves, Ranges, etc., Benning- ton 192 Wolfe, A. H., Fruit, Nuts, etc.. White River Junc- tion 202 Woodbury, Dr. F. A., Dentist, Brattleboro 125 Woodbury Granite Company, Hardwick 185 Woolson Bros., Tailors, Montpelier 147 Woodward, Fred. R., Grocer, St. Albans 109 Wyatt's, A. D., Studio, Photographer, Brattleboro.. 124 Wyman, C. & Son, Jewelry, etc., St. Albans 103 Wyman & Wallace, Dry Goods, etc., Waterbury 171 Young, Chas & Co., Granite, Barre 164 Young, F. E., Groceries, etc., Brattleboro . " 126 Zottman, W. H. & Co., Druggists, Burlington 53 3aivi Wealth BURLINGTON I^URLINGTON, the " Queen City " of New England, is in every feature a queen. With mountains to the east of her and mountains to the west, and the most pictur- esque of lakes at her feet, . she stands indeed in imperial beauty, unrivalled in the variety of her natural attractions. A writer in the American Journal of Education says of Burlington : "The Queen City of Lake Champlain has the mountain scenery of Scot land, the sky and sunsets of Italy, the valleys and verdure of France, the lake views of Switzerland, and the quiet, park-like surroundings of an English landscape. In a word, it is a gem set in an emerald ring of natural beauty, which can hardly be equalled anywhere else in New England, and can be excelled nowhere." The first settler who came into Burlington was Mr. P'elix Powell, in the year 1773. On the 22d day of October, 1774, Mr. Powell purchased of Samuel Averill, of Litchfield, Conn., in consid- eration of ^30, a tract of land in Burlington. From the close of the war with Great Britain the town was rapidly settled. Mr. Erastus Bostwick, now about 94 years of age, says that when he first came to Burlington some time previous to 1791, there were but three houses at the vil- lage or bay, as it was then called; they were situated near the foot of Water Street. Captain King kept tavern at the northeast corner of King and Water streets, a two-story house with a kitchen in the rear ; it was at this house that the courts of Chittenden County were held for a few years after Burlington was made a shire town. A Scotchman or Englishman named Grant was engaged in mercantile business in a small, one-roomed log store ; he kept cloths, groceries, etc., for sale. A few logs fastened to the shore of the lake was the beginning of the old wharf. Lumbermen had a few huts in the vicinity of the square, which was covered with bushes and shrubbery with now and then a pine tree. It is interesting to note that by the energy and enterprise of these strong and hardy first settlers the foundations of the metropolis of Verniont were laid. The city probably derived its name from a Burling family, who were among the first settlers here, although this matter is a subject of doubt. Burlington is the capital of Chitten- den County, and the trade center of Lake Champlain. It is situated at the only point (with one or two exceptions) where the railroad system of the state touches Lake Champlain, and is the terminus of railroads running to the seaboard and the commercial centers of New York, Boston, Portland, Montreal and the West ; is connected by lake navigation with the entire Champlain Valley and Eastern New York, the outlet with ample railroad connections of the rich valleys of the Winooski and Lamville Rivers and the fertile counties of Western Vermont. With ample water-power within its limits, with coal dumped on its docks direct from the coal fields, as cheaply as on the Hudson, and water works supplying water under a powerful head, Burlington affords unsurpassed facilities for mercantile and manufacturing business. No city or village in New England surpasses Burlington in beauty of location. It is situated on a hill whose gentle slope rises gradually back from the lake front until its highest point is reached a mile from the shore. The principal streets run east and west, and are intersected by numerous others extend- 34 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF >->♦- BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 35 ing north and south, cutting the city into regular squares. Upon the highest point — College Hill —is situated the University of Vermont, from whose lofty dome one of the finest views of Iak« and mountain scenery in this country can be obtained. Burlington has a population of about 17,000 inhabitants, and its growth in population and in the number of its buildings, is the result of the excellent rail and water communication, the public spirit and intelligent enterprise of its citizens and the excellence of its literary and char- itable institutions, together with the harmonious relations existing between employers and employees. The city is kept inviting and healthy. Its streets are well lined with shade trees, the water supply is pure and abundant, the police force prompt and efficient in enforcing the laws, and the fire department, thoroughly organized, and supplemented by the fire alarm telegraph and tele- phone, furnishes protection to property. The streets are lighted by electricity. The letter-car- rier system is in operation, and convenient means of transit to the extreme limits of the city and to Winooski is furnished by street railways. Few cities of its size have as many public improvements and institutions as Burlington. The citizens may well feel proud of them and the good work they are doing, and they are sure guarantees of the city's future advancement. Among these public institutions, with a conserva- tive estimate of their cost and fund may be mentioned the following : University of Vermont, $500,000; Medical College, $50,000; Billings Library Building, $150,000; Vermont Episcopal Insti- tute, $100,000; St. Joseph's College, $25,000; Park Gallery of Art, $25,000; Fletcher Free Library, $50,000; Mary Fletcher Hospital, $450,000; Howard Relief Association, $60,000; Home for DeS' titute Children, $200,000 ; Young Men's Christian Association, $50,000 ; Howard Opera House, $100,000; Custom House, $40,000; City Hall, $30,000; Court House, $75,000; Providence ■Orphan Asylum, $100,000; Girls' School of Vermont Episcopal Institute, $60,000; Lake View Retreat, $30,000; Burlington Cancer Relief, $20,000; Burlington Yacht Club House, $5,000; ten churches, $475,000; nine school buildings, $130,000; total, $2,725,000. Burlingto'n has some elegant private residences of stately size with broad grounds and ample lawns, and many tasteful though less costly ones. Few places are so finely shaded, and it is a •common remark of visitors who ride about the city, that they have rarely, if ever, seen a place of its size possessing so many tasteful dwellings with such handsome surroundings. In addition to favorable geographical position and intimate connections with the great trans- portation companies of the state, Burlington has the inherent elements of a live and busy metropolis, exhibiting as it does a commercial activity and a business prosperity to be found in no other inland city of its size in the country. PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The University library contains 35,475 volumes, which are stored in the Billings library build- ing. This building, noted for its architectural beauty, was erected at an expense of $150,000. The Fletcher Free Library contains 17,500 volumes. THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT. The University of Vermont, chartered by the Legislature in 1791, and rechartered in 1865 as the "University of Vermont and State Agricultural College," is classed among the older and leading colleges of the country. Its grounds and buildings are valued at $275,000 ; its libraries •collections and apparatus at $100,000. It has invested funds, including lands and the congres- sional grant, amounting to $365,000. Its annual income for the payment of salaries and current expenses is $35,000. It receives from the state $6,000 annually for ind'istrial instruction and the aid of poor students. The institution has no indebtedness. The value of such an insti- tution not only financially, but as affording the very best facilities to the people for higher edu- cation, and in giving character to the city wherever its name is mentioned, cannot be over- estimated. Its graduates and those of the medical department, which is also in a most flourishing con- 30 hNDUS TRIES AND WEALTH OF dition, may be found in all parts of the country and are ever ready to bear witness to the excellence of its course of study and to the many educational advantages of Burlington. The Vermont Episcopal Institute and the girls' school in connection therewith, St. Joseph's College, and the Burlington Commercial College, are all in most successful operation and are patronized by large numbers. Professor Sauvers' Summer School of Languages is now permanently located here and brings to Burlington from five hundred to six hundred students during the summer months. BANKING. National banks (two). Capital $ 800,000 Surplus 160,000 Deposits 1,200,000 Savings bank and trust companies (two). Amounts 2,200,000 BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 37 INSURANCE AGENCIES. Capital represented. Fire Companies $150,000,000 Life Companies 252,000,000 TRADE AND MANUFACTURES. From a tabular statement of the latest and best authority we gather the following facts as to the trade and manufactures alone of Burlington. Amount of capital employed , $ 5,512,050 Amount of sales and product 13,358,900 Number of employees 3677 Monthly pay roll 117,547 The annual wages paid to employees amounts to 1,410,564 These results are largely due to the freedom of Burlington from strikes and labor troubles, which, history proves, invariably work disaster to business and recoil most severely on the laboring classes. The lumber firms represent a capital of $4,000,000, and employ in their business in this city $1,500,000. The lumber sold and shipped from Builington annually amounts to 150,000,000 feet. WATER WORKS. Burlington is supplied with water from Lake Champlain, which is forced to reservoirs 300 feet above the level of the lake, which gives an excellent head of water in every house in the city, besides being ample in case of fire. The capacity of the reservoirs is over 6,000,000 gal- lons. The water taxes are paid by the consumers directly to the city treasurer, the rates being as low as any city and much lower than many. Water is distributed through thirty-one miles of main to every part of the city, and there are 175 hydrants, affording ample protection against fire. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. Burlington's fire department consists of six companies, one of which is a hook and ladder company. It is well organized and disciplined and is second to no volunteer organization of its kind in the country ; and it has shown itself capable of most efficient service in arresting and preventing the spread of conflagrations. The annual expense of the entire department, includ- ing the fire alarm telegraph, is only about $4,500. The streets are regular and tastefully laid out, making more than fifty miles of road in the city most of which is either paved or macada- mized. The streets are lighted with 113 arc electric lights of 2000 candle power each, at an annual expense of about $9,000. PUBLIC PARKS. Burlington is highly favored in having so many large and beautiful public parks. City Hall Park, near the center of the city, is in the form of a square and embraces about two acres. It is surrounded by the leading hotels, Fletcher Free Library, Ethan Allen Engine House, Y. M. C. A. building, banks and various mercantile establishments. In the northern part of the city, on a bluff overlooking Lake Champlain, is Battery Park. During the war of 18 12, when the English menaced Plattsburg, the public stores were removed to Burlington, and a battery was placed on the site of Battery Park ; hence the name. Queen City Park and Howard Park, the former a popular resort for picnic parties, are to the south of the city. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. Burlington enjoys superior transportation facilities and is admirably situated for commerce. It lies on the direct line of navigation by the lakes and canals between Montreal and New 38 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF York, and during nine months of the year its products and manufactures can be shipped to the largest cities by water, including those on the great lakes, and by the same means of transpor- tation is received the larger proportion of its raw material, lumber, coal and other necessaries. BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 39 Railway lines radiate in every direction, and there is no city of importance that cannot be reached from here by almost a direct route. Three lines of railroad, the Central Vermont, Burlington & Lamville, and Rutland & Burlington enter the city ; and directly across Lake Champlain, ten miles distant, and connected by boats, is the railroad of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. The Champlain Transportation Co. has its headquarters in Burlington and its steamers are among the largest and most elegant on inland waters. They run in connection with the D. & H. Railroad, Lake George steamers, and Hudson River steamers, transporting large amounts of freight and affording a most delightful trip through the lake to the large numbers who select this route for business and pleasure travel. AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE. This city, from her favorable location, her advantageous surroundings, her commercial facil- ities, her business opportunities, her manufactures, her solidity, her advantages as a shipping and distributing point, her wealth, the intelligence, culture, taste, refinement and moral advancement of her people; the public and private enterprise, her excellent sanitary condi- tion, her metropolitan advantages; in short, the thousand and one things that tend to make a city a desirable place of residence, is beginning to attract the attention of people from abroad who have learned of the place. As a result, a tide of capital and business industry and enter- prise is gradually settling in this direction, which will assist very materially in building up at this point a city destined at no distant day to take a prominent place among the inland cities of America. The inhabitants of Burlington are composed very largely of mechanics, tradesmen, — " sons of toil." The wealth is more equally distributed among the citizens than in larger and more densely populated cities. There are many wealthy people and but few really poor. Situated in the midst of the beautiful Champlain Valley, and surrounded on all sides, far and near, by the most populous, wealthiest, and best agricultural county to be found in the state, Burlington enjoys a local or domestic revenue from beyond her limits unequalled anywhere. Socially and morally Burlington will compare favorably with any city in the world. Her citi- zens are in the main church-going people, and as a result the city is adorned with many elegant and costly places of worship, the following denominations being represented : two Congregational, two Baptist, Episcopal, St. Mary's Cathedral (R. C), St. Joseph's (French). The Baptists have a French mission and there is a Jewish synagogue. The public schools of the city are of such a character as to cause the citizens to speak of them with pride. These, together with the numerous schools of a higher grade, have had a tendency to raise the social and moral standard of the people. Four newspapers are published here beside the University Cynic, which is a monthly college publication. The different lines of railroads that center in this city and the shipping facilities by boat indicate the advantages of Burlington as a shipping point, and the opportunities for rapid and convenient travel could not well be improved. The mechanics and laboring men of Burlington generally own houses of their own, and as a consequence houses can be rented at reasonable rates. Shabby or unsightly tenement houses are almost unknown in Burlington. Statistics prove that Burlington is one of the most healthful cities on the American Conti- nent. Its climate is pure and genial, the temperature being modified and regulated by the moun- tains and lake. The city is subject to no prevailing diseases. The location is admirable for complete drainage, and its sanitary condition is well regulated by an efficient board of health. The manufacturing facilities of this city, with her opportunities and advantages as a shipping point, afford the capitalist and manufacturer a brilliant prospect, while her educational, moral, social and sanitary advantages render Burlington a most desirable place for residence. This then, is our *' Queen City," the Burlington of to-day. BURLINGTON. HOWARD NATIONAL BANK, Church and College Streets. — The best patronized bank iu Burlington is the Howard National Bank, which occupies the ground floor of its own ornate and substantial brick block, at the corner of Church and College Streets. This bank was incorporated in 1870, with a capital of $300,- 000, and is officered as follows, viz. : president, F. M. Van Sicklen ; vice-president, C. M. Spaulding; cashier, F. E. Burgess; directors, F. M. Van Sicklen, C. M. Spaulding, Joel H. Gates. Edward Wells, D. W. Robinson. The banking rooms are centrally and desirably lo- cated, handsomely appointed and provided with improved safes and vaults, affording ample accommodation for the public, and possess- ing every modern convenience for facilitating the business in hand. A general banking business is transacted, including the receiving of deposits, the discounting of approved commercial paper, the collec- tion of drafts, and the dealing in foreign exchange and flrst-class securities of all kinds. From its inception this bank has retained the confidence of the public in a marked degree. Its founders were men who had the rare foresight to recognize the possibilities of such an institution, and who laid the foundations sufficiently strong and deep to bear any superstructure that time, experience and wealth might rear. They built well, and they and their coadjutors are emi- nently worthy of maintaining the popularity and prosperity already achieved. Under its present wise and conservative management, this bank is doing a large and safe business, all its movements being marked by prudence, caution and honorable business methods, and it is widely recognized as one of those solid, ably conducted institu- tions which reflect credit alike upon its officers and the community in which its influence is felt. It now has the largest number of de- positors of any bank in the state, and its last statement, made Nov. 5, 1890, shows surplus and profits amounting to $100,000: individual deposits, $400,000. Its executive officers are gentlemen with whom it is always a pleasure to do business. Prompt, obliging and efficient in all their dealings with the public, they are naturally popular, and in their own personality uphold the credit of the bank, in both finan- cial, commercial and social life. The president, Mr. Van Sicklen, and the vice-president, Mr. Spaulding, have been connected with the bank since its organization,and have been foremost in placing it upon a solid and substantial basis. Mr. Van Sicklen is a retired merchant, long identified with the commercial growth and financial prosperity of this city. Mr. Spaulding is a well-known capitalist, president of the Porter Manufacturing Company and the Cedar Beach Associa- tion. The cashier, Mr. Burgess, is a native of New York state, and a financier of experience, ability and wide acquaintance; while the board of directors comprises much of the solid business element of the city. HEOTAN "W. AliliEN & CO., Jobbers and Retailers of Dry Goods, Nos. 81 and 83 Church Street.— As the leading establishment of its kind in BurUngton, this house is worthy of accurate historical reference. It was founded in 1848 by Messrs. Edward and Elias Ly- man. Three years later Mr. Edward Lyman became sole proprietor, continuing as such until 1868, when Mr. Heman W. Allen, who had been a clerk in the house for a number of years, and had shown spe- cial aptitude for the business, was admitted to partnership under the firm name of Lyman & Allen. This firm became a power in the job- bing, as well as retail, dry goods trade, extending its business through- out Vermont and northern New York, and being recognized as the leader of the trade in this entire territory. In 1879 they took posses- sion of their present spacious quarters, comprising two floors, 50 x 75 feet each, admirably situated in the Howard Opera House Block, and elegant in all their arrangements and appointments. The location is the most central, and it is easy of access from every part of the city and surrounding country. The interior is fitted up and furnished in keeping with the correct taste and sound judgment of the proprie- tors; no expense has been spared, and all departments are well lighted, and commodious alike for customers and the adequate dis- play of the firm's immense stock. The establishment is the busiest in its line in the city, its counters being thronged with patrons from all classes of the community. Eucli department is complete within itself, while the corps of clerks and salesmen, numbering twenty-two in all, are noted for their courtesy and obliging manners, combining with a thorough k lowledge of their duties a faculty for anticipating the wants of customers, laying before tliem a full variety of tex- tures, patterns and shades from which to choose. The splendid stock contains everything desirable in dress goods, including the latest shades in black and colored silks, satins, velvets and velveteens ottomans, Rhadamaux. cashmeres and prints; the latest styles in cloaks, suits and wraps; jerseys and jersey waists, coats and shawls; linens, woolens and worsteds; blankets, fiannels and domestics; hosiery, gloves and underwear; corsets, bustles and dress trimmings; laces, ribbons and embroideries; notions, fancy goods and small wares in great variety and profusion. This firm are always first to secure the most desirable novelties in all fabrics of the loom, in no- tions and fancy goods. Mr. Frank D. Abernetliy, who had been in the employ of the house since 1879, was admitted as a partner in 1885. Two years later, the honored senior partner, Mr. Lyman, died, after .a long, honorable and successful business career, and the house has since been conducted under the present name and style. Mr. Allen, the accomplished head of the house, is a native Vernionter, iu the active prime of life, served in the late war, the 13th Vermont In- fantry, is a member of the Burlington Board of Trade, and des- ervedly popular in social and business life. Mr. Abernetliy was born in Bristol.Vt., is a member of the F. and A. M., and combines to form a firm of commanding influence, wide popularity and solid worth. REED & TAYIiOR, Wholesale Dealers in Tobacco, Cigars, Snuff. Pipes, etc.. No. 129 and 131 St. Paul Street.— The firm name of Reed & Taylor constitutes the most valuable trademark known to the cigar and tobacco trade in Vermont, and the vast demand for the reliable and fragrant goods bearing this brand, has resulted in the development of one of the largest manufacturing interests of the kin* in this section, while Burlington is materially benefited as being the centre of this important trade. Messrs. Reed & Taylor are widely prominent as wholesale dealers in Tobacco, Cigars, Snuff, Pipes, etc., and occupy spacious and commodious premises at Nos. 139 and 131 St. Paul Street. The business was established some twenty-five years ago by Messrs. Murray & Reed, and in 1883 the present firm succeeded to the control. The firm has made a close study of the public want, and has in stock by far the most varied and compre- hensive assortment of fine goods, in all styles, sorts and makes to be found in this city, so as to be prepared to satisfactorily meet the most exacting requirements of the trade. In a word, this firm make their customers' interests their own, and dealei-s feel safe in buying from such an honorable, responsible house, realizing that they best meet the wants of their own trade, and can in that way permanently develop a profitable business in their section against all odds. The cigars manufactured and sold by Blessrs. Reed & Taylor are rapidly distancing all competition wherever introduced, being everywhere popular for their delicacy of fiavor, true fragrance, jierfect work- manship and select leaf. The firm have built up their trade in these goods on the basis of reliability and quality, and are seeking for themselves the benefits accruing from the production of honest, well-made goods. We cannot too .strongly recommend hotels, restaurants and the trade generally, to sample the goods of this house, as they give universal satisfaction, sell quickly, hold custom- ers, and return a good profit to the retailer. The individual members of this firm are Messi-s. J. Q. Reed and O. C. Taylor, the former a native of Vermont, the latter of New York, and both gentlemen of unflagging energy and enterprise who have secured to Burlington a highly beneficial branch of wholesale trade, and are worthy of the substantial success and prosperity they now enjoy. 40 B U K L 1 N G T O N , V E K M O N T . 41 BAIIjEY'S music ROOinS, H. W. Hall, Manager.— In this age of well-nigh universal musical education, when in every family of refinement a piano-forte is a necessity, it is a matter of general interest to secure some reliable advice as to the best place to patronize for articles iu this line. Tlie oldest and best known house in Vermont engaged in the piano and organ trade is that known as Bailey's Music Rooms, located at Nos. 149 and 151 Main Street in this city. This house has been in successful operation since 1871, and its responsibility and reliabilitj- is well establislied. The affairs of the house are under the expert management of Mr. H. W. Hall, who employs a dozen or more traveling salesmen throughout the state. This house has the agency for such celebrated pianos as the Knabe, Chickering, Ivers & Pond, P^stey. Steck, Miller and Sterling; also the Estey, Carpenter and Chicago Cottage Sterling organs. Slieet music and nmsical merchandise In large quantities are also carried in stock, and the house is recognized as a true type of the possibilities of the modern nmsic trade. There is -nothing produced in either hemisphere in the line of musical goods ■which cannot be furnished by this house at short notice and at terms and prices which challenge competition. Mr. Hall sells every instrument on its merits, and is in a position to offer the rarest inducements to purchasers as regards both price and quality. Pianos and organs are rented and sold on easy payments, thus ■bringing them within the reach of all classes of the community. Those of our readers contemplating the purchase of an instrument should call at these rooms and inspect for themselves, or write to Mr. Hall, and they will find their wants supplied with no trouble or annoyance on tlieir part and at very little cost. " Honest goods at honest prices " is the motto of the house, and to this principle it strictly adheres. Mr. A. L. Bailey, the proprietor, also conducts a similar establishment at St. Johnsbury. Mr. Hall, the manager in this city, is known in the musical world as an accomplished expo- nent of this line of trade. Eleven years ago Mr. Hall came to this city in the employ of A. L. Bailey of St. Johnsbury, and with Col. John E. Fox as his only assistant, started in a small way to intro- duce the pianos and organs among our citizens then sold by Mr. Bailey. From this small beginning has been built up through the energy and push of Mr. Hall, one of the largest houses in New Eng- land, and one which now employs a large number of traveling salesmen, the most of whom reside in Burlington. By close atten- tion to business. Mr. Hall has accumulated a considerable amount of property, his residence on Clark Street being one of the best appointed cottages in the city. Mr. Hall is a member of Green Mountain Lodge, No. 1, I. O. O. F. and Green Mountain Encamp- ment, No. 3. of this city, where he passed the various chairs of the Subordinate Lodge and Encampment, and in- 1885 was elected a rep- resentative to the Grand Lodge, of wliich he received the appoint- ment of Grand Marshal. This was followed in 1886 by election as Deputy Grand Master, and in 1887 was elected to the chair of Grand Master. At the conclusion of this service in 1888, he was elected to represent his State in the Sovereign Grand Lodge for two years. Appreciating the beauty of the Patriarchs Militant branch, he joined Canton Lafayette, No. 1, and was soon thereafter appointed an Aid-de-canip on the Staft of the Ma,ior General. with rank of Lieutenant. Mr. Hall Is one of the best known men of Vermont, is in the prime of a vigorous manhood and is honored and esteemed by his associates and neighbors. J. "W. GOODELIj, Stone Work^ Granite and Marble Monu- ments, No. 257 Pine Street. — The leading headquarters in Burlington for granite and marble monuments is the establishment of Mr. J. W. Goodell, located at No. 257 Pine Street. This representative house was established in 1875, by Messrs. J. W. Goodell & Co., the present proprietor succeeding to the sole control in 1885. He handles both Barre, Quincy, Westerly and various other granites, all kinds of foreign and domestic marbles, and brown stone for building pur- poses, while he makes a leading specialty of carving, designing and statuary work. Fabrication of memorial work has become an art requiring originality of conception, technical training, patient en- deavor, intelligent application and the very acme of expert work- manship to secure an artistic totality of admirable and enduring qualities. To fully meet these essential requisites the efforts of Mr. Goodell are unremitting. In memorial designs. Ideal and realistic carving, and the selection of materials, Mr. Goodell stands foremost in the trade. The fullest extent of artistic possibility has signalized his many productions. Their well-tested merits, marked apprecia- tion in every cemetery, is tlieir best recommendation, and his only needed endorsement. The expert choice of i-aw materials Involves consummate discrimination, absolute technical knowledge, wide observation and large practical experience. These qualifications Mr. Goodell amply possesses, and the trade recognizes his judgment as unerring. Bargains are offered to suit all tastes and means, and when desired can be completed and erected in a reasonably short time. From fifty to one hundred skilled hands are constantly employed, and the plant is splendidly fitted up with new and imj)roved ma- chinery and ample steam power. All work proves as represented, is guaranteed in every respect, and every statement, expressed or implied, iu letter and spirit is substantiated. The trade is local, suburban and country-wide, its radius ever enlarging, and the work in large demand wherever once introduced. The business trans- acted amounts to a very large sum per annum, while an energetic application of his resources to excel in his various productions, and to keep pace with the growing demands and refluenients of the times, year in and year out, is the earne.st endeavor of ;the talented proprietor. Mr. Goodell is a native Vermonter, and has long been prominent iu the business circles of Burlingtf)n; is now serving as water commissioner of the city, is a member of tlie F. and A. M. and the I. O. O. F., and is universally honored and esteemed. T. S, PEICK, General Insurance Agent, Peck's Block, No. 166 College Street. — The best channel through which to effect fire insur- ance in Burlington, is the agency conducted by Gen. T. S. Peck, who is unquestionably the leading general insurance agent in Vermont, and now, after being in business for twenty-three yeai-s, General Peck is still lengthening and strengthening his stakes, enlarging his already widespread business connection. He now represents the following well-known and reliable companies, viz: the Norwich Union, the Royal, the London and Lancashire, the Commercial Union and the Sun, of England; the German American, the Niagara, the Westchester and the Phenix, of New York; the Fire Association, the Pennsylvania and the American, of Philadelphia: the Connecti- cut, of Hartford: the First National, of Worcester; the Anglo- Nevada, of San Fi-ancisco; and the New Hampshire and the People's of Manchester, N. H. ; also, the Traveler's Life and Acci- dent, of Hartford; the National Life, of Montpelier, Vt. ; the Vermont Life, of Burlington; the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company of Hartford; and the American Steam Boiler Insurance Company of New York. With their millions of capital and surplus, these companies offer absolute security to the assured. General Peck is placing risks with these companies at remarkably low rates; his policies are clearly worded, explicit, and devoid of technicalities, and all losses are promptly paid on adjust- ment. He controls the insuring of important lines of business, residential and manufacturing property; stocks of merchandise, household effects, etc., and is steadily extending his circle of cus- tomers in this city and throughout the state. He is a recognized authority upon all matters relating to both fire and life insurance, and an unrivalled knowledge of the principal risks offering in city and country, rendering him especially safe and competent as the agent for conservative companies such as those he now represents. He offers special facilities for placing insurance for other agents; gives prompt attention to all orders by mail or telegraph, and due noticeof expiration oflpolicies. Responsible parties not representing companies and in position to introduce business, will find it for their interest to write to this office. General Theodore S. Peck was born in Burlington, March 22, 1843; was educated at the public schools, and early in life engaged in a general insurance agency. He enlisted in 1861 as a private in Company F, First Vermont Cavalry, was pro- moted to regimental quarter-master sergeant of the Ninth Ver- mont Infantry in July, 1862; to second lieutenant of Company C in January, 1863; first lieutenant Company H in June, 1864; and cap- tain and assistant quartermaster United States Volunteers, March 11, 1865. He was colonel and aid-de-camp on the staff of Governor Stewart in 1870; served as commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Vermont, and as colonel of the First Regiment National Guard of Vermont for several years; and was appointed adjutant and inspector-general of the state in 1881 to fill a vacancy, and has been elected to that responsible position by every succeeding legislature since that time, fulfilling his duties with ability, sound judgment and great acceptance. 42 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF A. N. JOHNS, Gloves and Furnishing Goods, No. 108 Church Street.— Prominent among the representative and reliable houses engaged in the field of mercantile activity in this city is that of Mr. A. N. Johns, located at No. 108 Church Street, and known and hon- ored as the Burlington Glove and F'urnishing Goods Store. It is headquarters for gloves and furnishing goods of every description for both ladies, gents, misses and children. It was established over twenty-five years ago, by Mr. \V. H. Whitten, as a glove manufac- tory, and, after some changes, the present proprietor succeeded to the control in 1885. The store is greatly admired as an attractive feature of this busy thoroughfare, and is liberally patronized by all classes of the community. It is thoroughly metropolitan in all its arrangements and appointments, and is stocked to repletion at all times with new, choice and desirable goods. The proprietor pos- sesses the most perfect facilities for obtaining supplies in vast quan- tities and at advantageous rates, making his purchases direct from the most famous manufacturers, jobbers and importers, and secur- ing the latest styles and freshest novelties as soon as they are ready for the trade. Customers are thus assured of securing the most fashionable designs and patterns in this line, as they make their ap- pearance on the counters of this popular house quite as soon as they are offered for sale in Boston or New York. Responding to the close competition peculiar to this line of trade, Mr. Johns places his prices at the lowest point of moderation, even lower than can be se- cured in the larger cities, and gives his patrons every advantage that can be afforded or that is known to the trade. He displays the largest stock in Vermont of gloves, hosiery, underwear, corsets, handkerchiefs, parasols, fans, ribbons, collars and cuffs, ruchings, ties, etc. ; also a fine assortment of ladies' and gents" driving gloves, ladies' and children's hosiery, merino, wool and cashmere stockings. The patronage is large and active at all seasons, and the wants of the public are ministered to with the utmost dispatch, with consci- entious care and with eminent satisfactions. Mr. Johns is a native of Bristol, Vt., an expert and talented merchant, with a keen appre- ciation of the public want, a member of the Burlington Board of Trade, and a reliable, responsible and popular business man. H. yi. PHKIiPS & CO., Wholesale Granite Dealers, Barre Granite, Office, No. 190 Bank Street.— In this brief sketch of the house of Messrs. H. M. Phelps & Co., wholesale granite dealers, at No. 190 Bank Street, we introduce to our readers a firm of monu- mentalists of wide celebrity, ranking first in quality and second to none in the volume of production. They established their business here in 1863, and their trade Is local, stiburban and country-wide, its radius ever enlarging, its work popular wherever introduced and the demand for the same increasing with each succeeding year. Fabrication of memorial work has become an art requiring original- ity of conception, technical training, patient and intelligent applica- tion, and the very acme of expert workmanship, to secure an artis- tic totality of admirable and enduring qualities. To fully meet these essential requisites the efforts of this firm are unremitting. Their extensive warerooms are replete with a varied and immense assort- ment of designs, suited to the tastes and means of all, and bargains are here offered which cannot be duplicated elsewhere. All work proves as represented, is guaranteed in every respect, and every statement, expressed or implied, in letter and spirit is substantiated. In botli memorial designs, ideal and realistic carving and the selec- tion of materials, this firm stands pre-eminent in the trade. The fullest extent of artistic possibility has signalized their many pro- ductions. Their well-tested merits, marked appreciation in cemeteries throughout all parts of the country, is their best recom- mendatif)n, their only needed indorsement. In the selection of raw materials this firm possess every qualification, and the trade recog- nizes tlieir judgment as unerring. They make a specialty of Barre granite, and furnish only the hardest stone, free from iron, remark- able for its silky texture, and susceptible of the highest polish. This granite is supplied, either finished or in the rough, in quantities to suit at the shortest possible notice, and at terms and prices which defy successful competition. The works are amply supplied with the latest improved machinery for sawing and polishing, operated by steam-power, and steady employment is given to twenty-five skilled hands. Mr. Phelps, the active member of the firm, is an ac- complished designer and workman, who can embody and produce his own conceptions by his own skilled handicraft, and who has won success in his art by honestly deserving it. CHAS. R. NASH, Stoves, Ranges. Hot Air Furnaces, No. 180 Main Street. — Commercial enterprises of modern times embrace many features of practical utility, but none which deserve higher consideration than those which relate to the home — its comforts and conveniences. Among such enterprises in Burlington may be mentioned that conducted so successfully by Mr. Chas. R. Nash, at No. 180 Main Street. This house has an old and inti- mate connection with the business history of this city, having been founded over forty years ago by Messrs. J. and J. Wainwright, the present proprietor, after several changes, succeeding to the con- trol m 187:3. Mr. Nash deals extensively in stoves, ranges, hot-air furnaces, and house furnishing goods; drain pipe, etc., and makes a leading specialty of plumbing, steam heating and furnace work. He occupies large and commodious salesrooms, with a spacious and well equipped workshop in connection, and gives steady employ- ment to a competent force of skilled hands. Having an intimate knowledge of the wants and requirements of the public in this direc- tion of trade, Mr. Nash carries in stock a full line of the best makes of stoves, ranges and furnaces, embodying all the latest and most im- proved styles for both heating and cooking, all of which are received direct from manufacturers, and commend their own superior merits to the confidence and patronage of critical and discriminating pur- chasers. In plumbing, steam heating and furnace work, this house occupies an unquestioned position at the head of the trade, from which it is abundantly able to make good their claim for accom- plishing the best and m<3St thorough work to be found in any local- ity, while every modern facility is at hand for guaranteeing the prompt and perfect fulfillment of all orders. The prices which pre- vail in all departments of the business are such as preclude success- ful competition, and the patronage is large and influential in this city and from all parts of the surrounding country. Mr. Nash is a native of Shelburne, Vt.. a member of the F. and A. M., the I. O. O. F. and the Burlington Board of Trade, and a reliable, straightforward busi- ness man, worthy of every trust and confidence. BUHL.INGTON BUSINESS COI^LKfiE AND SHORTHAND SCHOOL., No. 94 Church Street, Warner Block. —The leader in this branch of education in Vermont is the Burlington Business College, which is now in the twelfth year of an honored and useful existence. The Burlington Business College and Short-Hand School is under the proprietorship and management of Prof. E. G. Evans, an instructor of large experience and an expert and practical accountant. The College is eligibly located at No. 94 Church Street, Warner Block, and is admirably adapted for its pur- pose, the rooms being heated with steam, well lighted on three sides, and the main hall has a seating capacity of fully one hundred. The atmosphere shed by this College is an atmosphere of energy and purpose. It is devoted to fitting young men and women for actual business of all kinds. It is itselt, in fact, an epitome of all the typi- cal varieties of business done in the world. The business of the mer- chant, the banker, the importer and jobber, the real estate agent and insurance company, the broker and commission man, as well as telegraphy, penmanship, shorthand and the whole order of activi- ties, are here taught by a carefully devised system of object lessons devoted to each. In banking, for instance, accurate accounts are kept, the transactions are precisely such as occur in the world's business, and the book-keeping and balances are as carefully looked after as if millions depended upon this scrupulous attention. We can hardly conceive of any work which a young man or woman may be called upon to do in the world, aside from the three profes- sions of law, theology and medicine,— any one of which, however, would be well supplemented by a Burlington Business College course, —that is not absolutely provided for by this institution. The business course includes book-keeping, business law, business practice, gram- mar, business arithmetic, business penmanship, business corre- spondence and spelling. The phonographic course embraces short- hand, correspondence, practical grammar, typewriting, penmanship and spelling. The English course includes arithmetic, reading, let- ter-writing, penmanship, grammar and geography. The total ex- pense for tuition, books, board and washing does not exceed $85. This is from $30 to $75 less than the cost of attending any other sim- ilar institution. The principal has ever given a hearty support to those measures best calculated to advance and perfect the facilities afforded to the yoimg men and women of America to secure a thor- ough business education, and his success has been well merited. BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 48 PEASE & M.ANSON, The One Price Cash Clothiers, Men's, Youths', Boys' and Children's Fine Clothing, Furnishing Goods, Hats and Gloves, No. 160 College Street. — The popular and well-known firm of Pease & Manson is already accepted as a leader in its special line of mercantile activity. The enterprise was inaugurated in 1884 by Messrs. Pope & Pease, the present firm being formed in 1890. The premises occupied comprise two floors, one 20 x 115 feet, fitted up with tasteful appointments throughout, while every convenience and accommodation has been provided for the reception of custom- ers and the handling of stock. The counters and shelves are bur- dened with a very extensive assortment of superior, ready-made clothing for men, youths', boys", all in the latest fashion, and illus- trating the current demand. These goods are made from the best materials and in the best workmanship, and are stylish in cut, fit and appearance, while in the matter of pric • this house cannot be ex- celled by any other establishment in the city. The second floor, 20 X 60 feet, is nicely arranged for the exclusive sale of children's clothing, where in addition to the regular styles of children's suits and overcoats are shown many novelties in children's clotiiing not usually found outside the larger cities. They carry at all times a full and complete line of all goods embraced in men's f imiishings, and have established the fair and honorable and confidence-produc- ing system of marking all goods in plain figures, selling at one price and for cash only. They also keep an extensive and very fine stock of hats, caps and gloves of the best grades, prices of which are always the lowest, quality considered. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Fred S. Pease and David Manson, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of Scotland. These gentlemen, during their comparatively brief career in this city as business men have established a large and influential trade, and have gained for themselves enviable reputations for lionorable dealing arid enter- prise. They are both j'oung, energetic and enterprising, and this new and already popular store is quite an addition to the mercantile interests of Burlington. liEO & OTcIiAKEN, Boston Store, Nos. 56 and 58 Church Street. — This representative house was originally established in 1887, when they bought the stock of ;\I. D. Cook, and so largely has their business developed, that the large double store now occupied is needed for the accommodation of the immense stock carried. The business premises comprise two floors, 50 by 100 feet each, fitted up in a very attractive and convenient manner, with the Lamson cash carrier system, electric lights and modern appointments, and form- ing one of the interesting features of this popular shoi)[)ing district. Their house has become to be recognized as a popular source of supply for both dry and fancy goods, carpets and upholstery, cloaks, notions and small wares. Each line is kept fresh and choice, em- bracing the latest novelties, and illustrating in a striking manner the bewildering changes in fashion and style. The business is systemat- ically divided into distinct departments, each being under the direc- tion of a competent head, while the exigencies of the ti-ade require the constant employment of thirty -five clerks and salesmen. Here are shown the latest shades and patterns in black and colored sillcs, satins, velvets and velveteens, ottomans, Rhadamanx, cashmeres, and prints; cloaks, suits and shawls; woolens, linens and cottons; blankets, flannels and housekeeping goods; hosiery, gloves and underwear; corsets, bu.stles and dress trimmings; laces, ribbons and embroideries; and notions, fancy goods and small wares in great variety and profusion. This flrm have now on sale the largest and choicest stock of cloaks and winter garments ever exhibited in this part of the country. This department is a striking instance of the willingness of the public to co-operate with the merchants whose endeavors are directed toward supplying their patrons with the best and latest in the market, and at the very lowest prices consistent with the ideas of modern merchandizing. The stock this season is far above the average, both for style, variety and cheapness, and includes the choicest productions of the great manufacturers, de- signers and fashion leaders of London, Paris and New York. The styles are fao-similies of Worth's and Redfern's master efforts, and the assortment include cloaks, capes and jackets; ladies' cloth jackets and reefers, plush and Astrachan capes; plush cloaks and jackets, and ladies and children's garments of every description. The carpet department is brilliant with color and new oatterns in Wiltons, Moquettes, Axminsters, Brussels, tapestry, ingrain and other carpetings; while the house is patronized in every branch by the elite of the city, and is one of the busiest emporiums of trade in town, especially favored during the holidays. The co-partners, Messrs. M. J. Leo and P. F. McLaren, are merchants of rare energy and business tact, and belong to that class of energetic, public-spir- ited business men, who build up great enterprises in every avenue of commerce and trade. SPAUL.DINQ, KiniBAIiL. & CO., Wholesale Grocers, Stone Stores, South Wharf.— The leading, best known wholesale gro- cery house in Vermont is that of Messrs. Spaulding, Kimball & Co., located in the stone stores, on the South Wharf in this city. This representative house was established in 1855 by Messrs. Van Sicklen & Walker, who were succeeded in their order by Van Sicklen, Walker & Co., Van Sicklen, Seymour & Co., and Van Sicklen & Spaulding, until 1887, when the present flrm was organized. Their stone stores, where their large wholesale trade is carried on, are sup- plemented by four stoi-ehouses, giving every modern convenience and facility for the rapid handling and perfect preservation of the choice and valuable stock. Here is a veritable emporium of the choicest food products from every quarter of the globe and provis- ions and groceries of every description; fine teas, pure molasses, flour, salt, pork, lard, fish,, cordage, cement, lime, oils, nails, glass, seeds, calcined plaster, marble dust, etc., etc. The stock is notable for its extent, care in selection, celebrity of brands, and remarkably low scale of prices. In fact nowhere in the state can it be dupli- cated at the prices quoted. The firm are doing an enlarging trade throughout northern Vermont and northern New York, and are building solidly on the foundation of knowing what the trade wants, knowing where to secure the best and finest goods at lowest rates, and pursuing an honorable live policy, giving their patrons a chance to make money, and offering them greater inducements and a wider range to select from than any house in this section of the country. Quality is ever the first consideration with this firm, and theirs is a model grocery house in its management, its goods and its tariff of prices. The exigencies of the business call for the emplojinent of seventeen assistants, including a corps of talented salesmen on the road, and all orders receive prompt and careful fulfilment. The in- dividual members of this responsible firm are Messrs. A. C. Spauld- ing, E. B. Kimball and P. J. Enright. All are experienced and prac- tical, able and honorable, as merchants and business men, and are gentlemen with whom it is always pleasant and profitable to deal. R. G. PAGE, Sewing Machines and Supplies, No. 34 Church Street. — A leading headquarters for sewing machines and supplies in Burlington is the establishment of Mr. R. G. Page, located at No. 34 Church Street, opposite Hotel Chittenden. This gentleman has had a practical experience of some fifteen years in the sewing machine business, and has been established here since 1888. He deals in sewing machines and supplies, pocket knives, scissors and shears, hand sewing needles, tracing wheel.s, tape measures, etc; while making a leading speciality of the sale of the White Sewing Machine. The great victory of the White at the Exposition Univer- selle at Paris, together with the triumph at the Centennial Exposi- tion at Cincinnatti, presents an opportunity rarely experienced in business life. The imited opinions of the experts of Europe and of America in placing the White above and beyond all sewing machines for family use. is a matter of importance; it is unanswerable in competition, influential beyond measure, convincing beyond doubt; the best sells the easiest. The victory of the White in capturing the highest honors, the silver medal at the Great Centennial Exhibit at Cincinnati in 1888, was a crushing blow to its competitors, and now in competition with the best known productions of the earth, the experts of Europe echo the opinion of their brother craftsmen in America in pronouncing the White the best family sewing machine in the world. We have undeniable evidence of its superiority, and unanswerable arguments in competition. They can be inspected at Mr. Page's warerooms, while anyone wishing sewing machine embroidery, ruffling, tucking, hemming or plam stitching by the yard, will have it done promptly and in a first-class manner at his office. He also repairs sewing machines at the most reasonable prices, and has sewing machines to rent on easy terms. Mr. Page is a native Vermonter, an expert in his line of trade, and a reliable, enterprising and sjiccessful business man, eminently worthy of every trust and confidence. 44 INDUSTRIES AND AVEAI.TH OF BERRlf, HAIil., & CO., Manufacturers and Jobbers in Teas, Coffees, Spices, Tobaccos, Cigars, etc. Vermont Mills, Nos. 115 and 117 College Street. — Of all the various articles comprehended in the food supply trade, there are none harder to procure in pure, fresh quality than teas, coffees, spices, tobaccos, and cigars, and too much care cannot be exercised by dealers and consumers in select- ing a reliable source from which to procure such goods. A well- known, prosperous and ably conducted house, that for almost a quarter of a century has maintained a deservedly high reputation for its Al productions in this line and liberal business methods is that of Messrs. Berry, Hall & Co., proprietors of the Vermont Mills, manufacturers and jobbers. This reliable house was founded originally in 1866, by Messrs. Gregory & Meade, who conducted it with unvarying success for some years and were succeeded by Messrs. Miner & Pope, and in 1888, the present firm, comprised of Mr. M. C. Berry, a native of this state, and Mr. W. E. Hall, a New York man by birth, became the proprietors, and under their enterprising direction the trade has increased to its present volume and impor- tance, requiring the services of several employees, also of a salesman on the road constantly. The premises utilized are of ample dimen- sions, well arranged for manufacturing and business purposes. The mill is fully equipped with all the latest improved grinding machines and coffee roasters, and the utmost care is exercised in the prepara- tion of all articles produced, while none but the very choicest and purest of raw materials enter the list of their manufactured articles, which includes fragrant Mocha, Java, Laguayra, Maracaibo, and other coffees, mustards, white, black and Cayenne peppers, nut- megs, allspice, cloves, cinnamon, licorice, ginger, etc. Their assort- ment of teas comprises new crop Oolong, English breakfast, young Hyson, Pekoe, gunpowder, Souchong, Japan, imperial, and other varieties; while their stock of smoking and chewing tobaccos and cigars embraces the most popular foreign and domestic brands, re- ceived direct from the best sources of production, while dealers pur- chasing here can always rely upon pure uniform quality and prices that are not duplicated very easily elsewhere. Every facility is pos- sessed for the prompt transaction of business, orders are filled as satisfactorily as if directed in person, and shipments are made by most expeditious and direct I'outes. Messrs. Berry, Hall, & Co., are well and favorably known in commercial circles as men of sterling integrity and the most commendable traits of personal character. BRODIE &: PARKER, Manufacturers and Jobbers of Boots, Shoes and Eubbers, Salesroom, Nos. 103 and 110 Church Street; Factory, Nos. 30 and 32 Battery Street.— Perfection seems to be approaching in every article of manufacture; but nowhere is this more clearly seen than in the advancement which has been made within the past few years in the production of boots and shoes. It is almost marvelous to contemplate the magnitude which this branch of industry has attained in this country, when compared to the limits to which it was circumscribed fifty years ago. The great progress in the invention and perfection of labor-saving machinery has had much to do with this increase. A notable house engaged in this industry in Burlington is that of Messrs. Brodie & Parker, whose salesrooms are located at Nos. 108 and 110 Church Street, and whose factory is at Nos. 30 and 32 Battery Street. The business was estab- lished in 1887 by the present proprietors. Mr. Brodie started in the shoe business in J862. following the business ever since, locating in Burlington in 1873. They have achieved a high position in the trade throughout the country by reason of their intelligent and well- directed enterprise and the superiority of their productions and goods handled. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes are thoroughly equipped with all the latest improved appliances and machinery, hand work being done 'exclusively, and steady em- ployment is given to a competent force of skilled operatives. Three traveling salesmen are employed and about 10,000 pairs of boots and shoes are manufactured per year. These are fine goods exclusively made from the best materials and warranted to be first class in workmanship and finish. The goods bearing the trademark of this house are everywhere recognized as unsurpassed for quality, easy fit and thorough durability by any in the market; and are meeting with great favor with dealers oij account of their salability and merits. These goods consist of men's calf, kip and oil grain boots and shoes, and boys' and youths' boots. It is also only simple justice to say that this firm, with its splendid facilities and numerous ad- vantages, rivals any of its contemporarie.s in -the inducements offered to buyers, as regards liberality- of terms and prices as well as in the quality of goods manufactured. The members of the firm, Messrs. D. A. Brodie and A. H. Parker, are natives of \'erniont and members of the F. A. M. They are Ihorou^ldy enterprising, reliable business men with wiiom it is pleasant and piofitable to deal. W. B. CBAVEIV, Hotel Champlain, No. 140 Church Street.— The city of Burlington has long been recognized as a centre where ample capital, thorough experience and distinguished enterprise have combined to make its cafes and restaurants superioi- to any iu the state. As a contributor to the reputation of the city in this re- gard, and as a model establishment of its kind, the Hotel Chaiiiplain, conducted under the enterprising proprietorship of Mr. W. 1!. Craven, at No. 140 Church street, stands [H'e-eminent. This popular house was opened in 188-1, and the proprietor brought to bear upon its management the widest range of practical experience, and a keen appi'eciation of the public want. He occupies two floors. ;i3x95 feet each, the arrangeinets and appointments of which are of the best possible character, reflecting the utmost credit upon the enterprise and good taste of the proprietor, and perfectly insuring the comfort and convenience of his patrons. Meals are servetl at all hours, in- cluding oysters in every style, and ordei- cooking is a si)ecialty. The table supplies are procured from the most varieii sources, all the im- portant markets of the country paying tribute to its enterpi-ise. The choicest delicacies of the season are served in liberal abundance, while the perfect manner in which the viands are cooked make a meal at the Hotel Champlain a most agreeable experience. While there may be larger cafes in the state, there are none possessing such well-founded claims upon the public favor, or enjoying a more deserved popularity. The prices which prevail are eminently fair and reasonable, and the patronage is of a character thoroughly com- plimentary to the proprietor, whose energy, enterprise and discrimi- nation have made his establishment a prime favorite with all classes. Mr. Craven is a native of England, an expert and accomplished ca- terer, a member of the I.O.O.F. and the K. of P.. and thoroughly popular with his host of patrons. B. TURK. & BRO., Fine Clothing, Furnishing Goods, Hats and Trunks, Nos. 156-158 College Street.— This representative house was founded in 1853, by Sloman Turk, who was succeeded by the present firm in 1855. The main salesroom is a model of elegance and good taste, measuring 40x115 feet, with a basement of the same size, and is devoted to their retail clothing trade. Here is displayed a truly grand stock of choice garments. This firm pay special atten- tion to the cut and style of their ready made goods. When it comes to materials, they have a variety of patterns and qualities that will satisfy the most exacting and fastidious buyer. They show a vast assortment of ready made clothing, particularly in the finei- grades. All novelties are represented here, such as cape overcoats, cutaway Prince Alberts, one button cutaway sack suits, all the new things in children's suits and overcoats, storm overcoats and ulstei"s, fur- trimmed overcoats, pea jackets, and extra sizes of garments for tail and stout men. They defy competition as to quality, and challenge comparison as to price. The fame of their custom tailoring depart- ment has been justly earned by the superior garments here made to measure. It enjoys the patronage of the stylish, careful and eco- nomical dressers of Burlington and vicinity, men who insist on the highest excellence of quality, the most fashionable cut and design, a faultless workmanship, and a perfect fit. As to their stock of piece goods, it includes the most extensive selections of Eiiglish, French, German and American woolens of the very best manufacture ever shown here, as well as the latest novelties in suitings, overcoatings and trouserings. These goods were largely selected abroad, and are the products of the finest looms of the world. This firm make gar- ments to measure promptly, perfectly and .systematically. Messrs. Turk & Bro. also handle Youman's hats, and other celebrated makes of derby, soft and silk hats; all the freshest novelties in neckwear, scarfs, cravats and ties; the best assortment of underwear, includ- ing the Dr. Jaeger sanitary woolens, the best in the world ; besides hosiery, gloves, handkerchiefs, suspenders, collars, cuffs, trunks and bags. Mr. Bennett Turk, the head of the house, is a native of Prussia, and one of the most experienced, successful and popular merchants of the Queen City, a member of the F. and A.M. and the Board of Trade, and a gentleman of the highest repute. BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 45 B. I<. KE^T, Confectioner, No. 101 Church Street.— The diffi- culty of obtaining candy devoid of adulteration and deleterious sub" stances at tiie present day is so great that the advantages derived by dealing with a lionse whose reputation for dealing in only pure and honest goods is apparent to every intelligent person. A well- known, representative and prosperous house engaged in this busi- ness in Burlington, and meriting more than passing notice in these pages in consequence of its straightforward business methods, is tliat of Kent, tlie confectioner, located very centrally at No. 101 Church Street. Mr. B. L. Kent is a Canadian by birth and has been a resi- dent here for a number of years, and having a wide range of practi- cal experience in all branches of this trade, he formed a co-partner- sliip with a Mr. Sails, under the firm name of Sails & Kent, and together Ihey founded this establishment in 1882, and at once devel- oped a very large and substantial trade. In 1886 Mr. Sails retired, since which time the business has continued to prosper and increase under the sole management and direction of Mr. Kent. The prem- ises utilized comprise two spacious and commodious floors, ad- mirably arranged for business and manufacturing purposes. The factory is fully equipped with all the necessary tools and appliances, and employment is furnished a full force of skilled and experienced hands. The store is very neatly and tastefully arranged, and is fully stocked with a fine assortment of the products of the factory, and the very choicest of toothsome articles from the most cele- brated makers known to the trade. The stock embraces the finest line of chocolates, bon- bons, and all gi'ades of the finest goods usu- ally kept in a first- class confectionery store. These goods are noted for their purity and excellence, while the very lowest prices prevail, and the entire establishment denotes order, system, neatness and cleanliness, and customers are certain to receive courteous service by polite assistants. Mr. Kent is a pleasant, alTable and refined gentleman, energetic, prompt and reliable in all his dealings, and is also an active and consistent member of the Odd Fellows' and Ma- sonic fraternities. HENRY m, AVIGHX, Second-Hand Furniture, Stoves, etc., also Tinware, Guns and Anununition, No. 207 College Street.— Mr. Henry M. Wight, dealer in second-hand furniture, stoves, etc., also tinware, guns, amnmnition, etc., has always maintained a very enviable reputation for handling first-class wares. Mr. Wight is a Massachiisetts man by Ijirth and has been a resident of this city for many years. He inaugurated this establishment on his own account in 1880, and unmediately developed a very large and substantial trade. The premises occupied are of auiple dimensions, commodi- ous, and comprise three Hoors, which are finely fitted up and arranged with special reference to the different' departments of the business. In his wareroonis will always be found a full and general assortment of all kinds of parlor, library, dining and bed room suits, in all the leading and most fashionable designs; also a great variety of other furniture, such as sofas, chairs, bedsteads, carpets, louhges, couches, rocking and easy chairs, rugs, oil cloths, and everything in the line of kitchen furniture, bedding, besides a fine assorfiinent of the most improved patterns in parlor and cooking stoves, oil and gas stoves, tin, copper and sheet-iron ware, also cooking utensils and laundry accessories of all kinds. A specialty is made of sportmen's goods, of which he carries a fine assortment at all times, and em- braces fine repeating rifles, muzzle and breech-loading fowling pieces, with and without hammers, revolvers, pistols, hunting and pocket cutlery, ammunition of every description, besides a full line of fishing tackle of every description. Persons desiring to discon- tinue housekeeping and anxious to avoid the annoyance incident to auction sales of furniture, etc., can have a valuation made on their goods and full value in cash paid at once by notifying him, who will give the matter his personal attention. Mr. Wight served during the late Civil War for nine months in the Twelfth Vermont Volun- teer Infantry, and is an active and highly respected comrade in G, A. R. department of Vermont. J. R. BOOTH, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer in Lum- ber, Doors, Sash, Blinds, Mouldings, House Finish, etc. U. A. Wood- bury, Manager. — The income from the various sources of trades in this country shows that one of the most extensive enterprises to be met with is the lumber business. Mr. J. R. Booth is a manu- facturer of, and wholesale dealer in lumber, doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, house finish, etc., making a specialty of fitting material for house-building, which is produced at his Burlington Mills. Mr. Booth is the sole owner of 4,000 square miles of timber land, this being one of the largest individual holdings known, while his mills at Ottawa, Canada, are not exceeded by any upon this continent. His employment list in Burlington Works numbers 160 men, and in Ottawa exceeds five times this number. Mr. Booth established his business in 1875, and in addition to his Burlington office, he has branches at No. 80 Wall Street, New York, and No. 71 Kilby Street, Boston. His functions cover the shipping of lumber to all parts of New York and New England. Mr. Booth is one of the leading business men of New England, and is strictly conservative in all of his deal- ings and a man of integrity. His manager in Burlington, is Mr. U. A. Woodbury, a gentleman well known in commercial circles as an able man of business. Mr. S. D. Pierce is the agent in charge of the New York office, Mr. C. H. Spencer fillling the same capacity in Boston. They are both men well fitted for their positions. CHESTER HIL.DRETH, Dealer in Watches, Jewelry and Silverware, Etc.; Watches and Jewelry Carefully Repaired, No. 99 Church Street.— Mr. Chester Hildreth is a well-known dealer in watches, jewelry and silverware, and there is no more generally recognized authority and expert on everything comprised in a stock of this kind than he. The business was founded in 1844 by Messrs. Brinsmaid and Hildreth, the present proprietor succeeding to the sole control in 1890. The establishment attracts marked attention by reason of the excellent taste and sound judgment displayed in the selection of stock and in the general furnishings and decorations. In watches, this house has long taken the lead in the finest move- ments, including imported chronometers, stop and split seconds, and the best of Swiss and American makes, in every variety of plain and fancy gold cases; also sterling silver watches at such a wide range of prices that every one can be suited. In jewelry, the mag- nificent stock compares favorably with any in the city, and is notable for the richness and originality of styles, for elaborate workman- ship, and for low prices. Here are whole sets, half sets and single pieces in bewildering variety, and from which the most fastidious can be suited. Mr. Hildreth numbers among his customer the lead- ing families of Burlington and vicinity, and is a reliable, progressive, business man, always the first with new styles, novelties, oddities, and ever pre-eminent for giving full value, handling the richest solid gold jewelry and gems, and giving prompt and skillful attention to the repairing of watches and jewelry. He is also agent for the Aurora watch, the best watch made for the money. Mr. Hildreth is a native of Vermont, and one of Burlington's most useful and sub- stantial citizens. R. "%V. HULBURD, Stand and Hanging Lamps of all Kinds, Decorated Tea and Dinner Sets, -etc. Tea and Coffee. No. 104 Church Street.— This business was originally founded in 1884, by Mr. Spencer, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1886. The premises comprise one floor, 18 x 50 feet in dimensions, well-fitted with a choice stock. In teas, coffees, baking powder and spices, no house is better prepared to quote bed-rock rates for choice goods. He always carries a large assortment of fresh crop Oolongs. Japans, gunpowder, imperial, young hyson, English breakfast, and other standard teas that are renowned for flavor and quality, and are justly popular, with the trade and public. A specialty is also made of fresh-roasted coffees. The extra Java, Mocha, and extra Rio are absolutely unrivaled for purity, quality, flavor, and excellence. The same high standard characterizes his spices. He 'las special agents in nearly all the principal business centers of the state, for the sale of his teas and coffees. From these agents these goods can be obtained at same prices as at his own store in Burlington. He is the only agent in this city for the sale of the Lux-Dux Lamps, which are so popular, being noted for giving the whitest, steadiest light of of any lamp in the market. He also keeps a large stock of stand and hanging Tamps of all kinds, also decorated tea and dinner seta. He has in stock also a full line of fancy glass and china ware. These are particularly beautiful and would repay any one for exam- ining them even if he did not care to purchase. Mr. Hulburd, the proprietor, is a native of New York, is a member of the I. H. and N. E. O. P., and is recognized as one of Burlington's enterprising and respected business men. 46 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF O. J. WAIiKKR & BROS., Wholesale Grocers, Etc., Peck's Block. — This firm are widely prominent as wholesale grocers and as extensive dealers in flour, salt, nails, cement, lime, calcined plaster, oils, glass, seeds, pork, fish and provisions of all kinds. The business was founded in 1851 by Messrs. Blaekmar & Walker, the present firm being organized in 1878. The premises occupied for trade and storage purposes are sufflciently spacious to accommodate the immense stock that is constantly carried. Specialties are made of fine teas, coffees and spices, the supply kept on hand being very heavy and distinguished for its absolute purity and thorough supe- riority. A large stock of tobacco and cigars is also handled, embrac- ing all the standard and most popular brands. The line of cut nails and spikes is the largest in the city. Every department of the busi- ness is under good control and ably and intelligently directed. No more desirable institution could be found with which to deal, and its responsibility is equalled only by the promptness and satisfaction with which all orders are filled. A corps of five traveling salesmen represent the interests of the house upon the road, and the trade is large and influential throughout Vermont, New Hampshire and northern New York. The members of the firm. Messrs. O. J., W. W., Hiram and Sol Walker, wei-e born in Ferrisburgh, Vt.. and are ac- counted representative business men of the city, who give aid and countenance to all legitimate local enterprises. Messrs. O. J., tjol and W. W. Walker are members of the Burlington Board of Trade, Mr. O. J. Walker being one of its vice presidents. Mr. W. W. Walker served as a member of the Twelfth Vermont Infantry in the late war, and is a member of the G. A. R. Messrs. O. J. and Sol Walker are members of the F. and A. M., and all stand deservedly high in commercial, financial and trade circles. FREDERICK R. MENNS, the leading Photographer, stu- dio. No. 181 College Street. — Among the foremost exponents of the photographic art in this city, may be mentioned, Mr. Frederick R. Menus, artist-photographer, whose admirably conducted, and well- equipped establishment is desirably located at No. 181 College Street, and who enjoys an enviable reputation for fine work in this line, while his patronage is of the most flattering and substantial charac- ter, the pictures leaving this well-known and popular studio being flrst-class in every respect, in fidelity to original copy, design, exe- cution, and finish. This flourishing and well-ordered gallery was established in 188.0 and from its inception has been conducted with uniform and gratifying success. The premises occupied, including reception-parlors, gallery, and operating-rooms are spacious and commodious, and are handsomely appointed and completely equipped with the latest improved apparatus, devices and general ap- purtenances, large groups and views are a specialty with this house. Photography in all its branches is executed in the highest style of the art, crayon, pastel, India ink, oil, and kindred artistic work being done in the most superior and expeditious manner, while pop- ular prices prevail and altogether a very extensive and influential patronage is received. Mr. Menns is a native of Europe and is a man of pleasing manners and strict probity as well as an expert, prac- tical photographer. CHARIiES F. WHEELER, Ready Made Clothing, Hats, Caps, and Gents' Furnishing Goods, Etc.. Church Street.— This gen- tleman is an extensive dealer in fine and ready made clothing, for men, young men and children; hats, caps and gents' furnishing goods; trunks, valises and bags; umbrellas and rubber clothing; and his establishment is not only a credit to the intelligent enter- prise of its management, but it is 6ne of those houses whose honor- able success reflects luster upon the name and fame of the city as a growing mercantile center. It is a leader in its line in Burlington, and holds a commanding position among the principal emporiums of the kind in this section of the state. It was founded, in 1875, by Mr. E. P. Shaw, who gave place to the present proprietor in 1887. The store is very desirably situated in the center of business activity, and is spacioas in size, admirably arranged and appointed, and stocked to repletion with new, stylish and valuable goods. Mr. Wheeler devotes himself to the sale of clothing of all kinds, for men, youths, boys and children, everything being made in the latest style, of the best materials, and selected with care and judgment. Nothing of an inferior order is handled, each grade being distinguished for some excellence peculiarly its own, while the Oner lines are equal in every respect to the best custom work, in fit, finish, elegance and fashion. The lines of hats, caps, furnishings and traveling goods, are kept up to the highest standard of excellence. Backed by ample capital, and supplied with every facility calculated to raise the standard, and cheapen the cost of goods, Mr. Wheeler is enabled to name inducements in both price and quality that are as rare as they are profitable to those who accept them. Mr. Wheeler is a na- tive of Vermont, an experienced and practical merchant, a member of the I.O.O.F., and the BurHngton Board of Trade, and deservedly popular. He was assistant postmaster at Burlington twelve years, previous to his entering on his present business. CHAMPliAIN HOTEIi, J. Donnelly, Proprietor, No. 176 South Battery Street.— In a work of this kind devoted to the re- sources of the city of Burlington, and which is destined to be read elsewhere, it is, of course, our duty to mention an establishment where, when visitors come here, either for business or pleasure, they will be sure to find all the comforts of home, besides every civility, attention, and all the conveniences pertaining to a well-kept hotel. An establishment of this character, which has had a career extend- ing over a period of half a century, and since its inception has always been a noteworthy feature of the business life of Burlington is the widely-known Champlain Hotel, located very eligibly at No. 176 South Battery Street, convenient to the principal points of inter- est and business center of the city, and has always been famous for its home-like comforts, the excellence of its table and the courteous attention bestowed upon its patrons. This popular and veritable landmark was founded originally about 1840 by Mr. M. McMann, who was succeeded by Mr. Spaulding, after whom came Mr. Murphy and then Mr. Devett. who conducted it up to 1882, when Mr. J. Don- nelly—the present proprietor— assumed its control and management. The building is a commodious and substantial structure, and has thirty-six sleeping apartments, with ample accommodations for sixty guests. The rooms are all well lighted and ventilated, cheer- ful and inviting, of easy access through spacious and direct halls, supplied with every comfort and kept in the neatest condition. The parlors and reception rooms are handsomely and attractively fur- nished, while the dining-room is amply spacious and has full seating capacity for all its guests, while the culinary department is in charge of experienced persons, and the food supplied is of the very best quality, properly prepared and served bounteously by polite, intelli- gent and courteous attendants. The office, reading and writing rooms are cheerful, commodious and furnished in a complete and thorough manner, while every attention is given by the proprietor and his assistants to make guests feel perfectly at ease. Mr. Don- nelly is a wide-awake, enterprising, genial and companionable host, and is held in the highest estimation by all with whom he has any social or business relations. GEORGE I. HAGAR, Builders' and Saddlery Hardware- Mill Supplies, Mechanics' Tools, etc., No. 174 College Street.— The old- est and best-known house in the hardware trade in Burlington is that of Mr. George I. Hagar, located at No. 174 College Street. It was founded in 1841 by IMessrs. Hagar & Arthur, who were succeeded by L. M. Hagar, and after some years the firm of L. M. & G. I. Hagar was organized, the present proprietor succeeding to the sole con- trol in 1868. The scope of trade includes every description of builders' and saddlery hardware, mill supplies, mechanics' tools, cutlery, paints, oils, varnishes, brushes, powder, cordage and twine, harness and patent leather, and horse goods. The business prem- ises comprise four floors, ^ by 66 feet each, besides a large store house, and unsurpassed facilities are possessed for conducting all branches of the business under the most favorable auspices and upon the largest scale. The stock is the largest in its line in the city and the goods handled are restricted to the productions of only the best manufacturers. The trade is of both a wholesale and retail character, extending throughout Vermont and Northern Nev York, and annually increasing in volume and importance under enterprising and reliable management. The house is a good one to do business with, and has won its prominence and prosperity by actual merit, always keeping a first class and complete line of goods and filling all orders with promptness and conscientious care. Mr. Hagar is a native of Burlington, and one of its solid, substantial business men, a member of the G. A. R. and the Burlington Board of Trade. B U K L 1 N G r O N , V E It M C) N T . 47 VENETIAN BLIND COMPANY, Makers of English and American Venetian Blinds; also Hill's Patent Inside Sliding Blinds, No. 219 Church Street.— One of the most attractive displays that is annually noted at the great American Institute Fair, in New York, is the exhibition made by the Venetian Blind Company, of Burling- ton. Organized in 1884, with a capital of $60,000, this company has developed, until, at present, its capital is $40,000, while the company is rated among New England's foremost industries. Seventy-five hands are employed here, while the factory is one of the best fitted and finest appointed in Burlington, being supplied with all of the latest improved machinery. The company manufactures Hill's jmt- ent inside sliding blinds, English and American improved Venetian blinds and wire window screens, making Venetian blind slats a spe- cialty. The productive capacity of the company's factorj- may be fancied, when it is known that 700 finished blinds are tuuned out here each week. There is hardly a corner of the country in which the Venetian blind is not found, as may be evinced by the fact that branch offices are sustained in New York, Brooklyn and Chicago, 111., to facilitate more ready supplies for the demand. The composi- tion of the company is upon the basis of a regular stock organiza- tion, and comprises a complete staff of officers. Mr. Elias Lyman is the president, a conservative, though enterprising man of business, ■with the company's best interests foremost in mind. The remaining staff comprises Messrs. Henry Wells, vice-president; F. W. Wright, secretary; L. C. Grant, treasurer, and Geo. D. Wright, manager. These gentlemen are well known in business and manufacturing circles, and stamp the existence of the Venetian Blind Company with reliability and a complete fulfillment of promises. HOTEIi BURIilNOTON, Delaney & Harrington, Proprie- tors. St. Paul Street.— Hotel Burlington was opened to the public in April, 1886, by Messrs. Delaney & Harrington, the present proprie- tors, and has always been accorded a liberal and influential patron- age. The house is three stories in height, and contains fifty-six rooms for guests. It is eligibly located on St. Paul Street, facing City Hall Park, and is convenient alike to the permanent patron, the commercial tourist and the transient guest. No luxury afforded in situation, surroundings, modern conveniences or management in any hotel is lacking at Hotel Burlington. The rooms are elegantly furnished, supplied with every convenience as regards light and heat, while as to sanitary arrangements this hotel is unrivalled. The cuisine of the house is worthy of special praise, being under the most experienced management, and kept up to the highest standard of excellence. Carriages run to all trains, and every necessity of modern hotel life is .supplied for the accommodation of guests. Terms are placed upon a popular basis, and a stay at this house is always remembered as a pleasant experience. The proprietors, Messrs. G. M. Delaney and Benjamin Harrington, are well-known Burlingtonians, eminently popular with their host of friends and patrons, and have won success as hotel men by honest endeavor to meet every demand of the public. A. B. FISHER, Contractor and Builder, No. 135 Winooski Avenue. — Mr. A. B. Fisher began business as a builder forty years ago, in the village of Barre, remaining there until after the war, when he removed to Montpelier. Here he proved his ability as an architect, designing and supervising the erection of several large buildings in that town, including the Pavilion, one of the finest hotel structures in the state. The steady increase of his commissions and widening field of his labors resulted in 18T7, in his removal to Burlington, where he has since carried on an extensive business, em- ploying some fifty expert assistants in draughting, building and gen- eral joiner work. Mr. Fisher is engaged largely in supervising the erection of the most advanced class of public and private buildings, and although it is needless to particularize in regard to the work of so well known a builder as Mr. Fisher, we cannot refrain from men- tioning among his creations in this city the Howard Opera House, Wells & Richardson Company's Buildings, the St. Paul's Episcopal Chapel and Rectory, Ethan Allen Building, and the residences of A. E. Richardson, General Wells, H. G. Loomis, Hon. Henry Ballard, Chas. Woodhouse, J. W. and A. W. Dunham, among many others. The estimated value of the property built by Mr. Fisher in Burlington is $1,. 500,000. He is fully prepared with all the necessary facilities to design and supervise the erection of any building, not only promptly, but with that intelligent appre- hension of design which has caused his efforts to be so highly appre- ciated. As a contractor and builder, Mr. Fisher does the largest business of any one in Burlington. His son, Mr. Clellan W. Fisher, is a prominent architect of this city. Mr. Fisher is a native Ver- monter, served three years during the war as a member of the Eighth Vermont Regiment, and is a member of the G. A. H. and the F. and A. M. ISAAC ROGERS A; SON, Agents. Practical, Plain and Fancy Slate Roofers, Also Dealers in All Kinds of Slate, No. 323 Win- ooski Avenue.— The building industries have no more necessary and indispensable department than that known as slate roofing, a branch of architecture which probably owes its incipiency to the French. Burlington was one of the foremost cities of the Union to adopt this innovation, whicii has now grown into a requirement under the building laws of many cities. On Oct. 15, 1857, Mr. Isaac Rogers established himself in this line, which includes practi- cal, plain and fancy slate roofing, and also the dealing in all kinds of slate. In the year of 1881, the business had grown to such an extent, that Mr. Rogers felt justified in taking a partner, and as a consequence, the existing firm was organized under the title of Messrs. Isaac Rogers & Son. They employ an able and skilled force of eight men, giving special attention to slate jobbing in this city and vicinity. Their preniises are stocked with the finest specimens of slate, which is used in various departments of building, but chiefly in roofing. Their workrooms are provided with the latest improvements, and all of the conveniences for conducting a first- class business. Being practical tradesmen, the Messrs. Rogers have built their business upon the patronage of the leading men of town, a fact which also comes from the knowledge that their work always affords satisfaction, fn 1887, opportunity offered for these gentle- men to extend their usefulness and they consequently put in a com;j plete stock of groceries. The wisdom of their policy is read in their success. They supply the retail trade with the best sundries, includ- ing farm produce, butter, eggs, etc., and also teas, sugar, coffee, flour, and the endless variety of commodities that make up a neat and attractive grocery store, their place at No. 323 Winooski Avenue, being one of the best managed stores in this part of the city. Mr. Rogers, Sr., is a member of the Grocer and Meatmen's Association. Both members of the firm are natives of Vermont, and have made a record for strict and honorable commercial dealing. HENRY J. NEL,SON, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Furni- ture, Church Street.— The oldest and largest furniture establish- ment in Burlington is that of Mr. Henry J. Nelson, having been established in 1840 by Mr. Chas. Nelson, who! was succeeded by his son, the present proprietor, in 1862. Its stock of furniture, bedding, mirrors, window shades, lace curtains and draperies is the largest in the state, and quoted at the lowest prices obtainable anywhere. The business premises comprise four floors, 30 by 90 feet each, with a storehouse, 40 by 60 feet, and the business is conducted at both wholesale and retail. The premises are divided into salesrooms cabinet-making, upholstering and drapery departments, in which steady employment is found for a large force of skilled and expert hands. The stock of furniture embraces everything that can be desired in fine and medium goods, parlor and chamber suits, dining- room, library, hall, office and kitchen furniture; besides innumera- ble specialties of the rarest aud most costly materials, in wood, silk, brocades, velours and plushes. A specialty is made in manufactur- ing to order all kinds of artistic furniture, the most elegant fabrics being used in the upholstering, and all the work being done under the immediate supervision of the proprietor. The commonest ma- terials when manipulated by this house, assume unique shapes, pleasing and attractive to the eye, and in unity with the modern, the renaissance aud the antique. Much of the ware is indeed matchless for costly elegance and beautiful design, while in drap- eries and interior decorations, this house stands without a peer. Many of the largest and finest residences in the city have been fur- nished by Mr. Nelson, who is an expert in regard to shades and patterns. He is in regular receipt of the latest novelties in rich draperies, and from his stock the most exacting taste can readily be satisfied. Mr. Nelson is a native of Burlington, and one of its substantial, public-spirited citizens ; a member of the Board of Trade and honored and esteemed in social and business life. 48 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF J. I^. DUHAIHE:!., Dealer in Boots and Shoes, No. 20 Church Street.— There is no article of wearing apparel of more importance to either sex than that of external footwear, and its manufacture forms a most important place in the list of mechanical arts. A well-known and deservedly prosperous house engaged in this business, and enjoying a very enviable reputation for the superior excellence of its goods and honorable, straightforward business methods, is that of Mr. J. L. Duhamel, located at No. 30 Church Street. This house has only been in operation since JIarch 1, 18it0, but has from its foundation enjoyeil a large, first-class patronage. Mr. Duhamel is a thoroughly ex|)erienced man in all branches of the trade and occu- pies a spacious, commodious store, which is ap))ropriately fitted up with every convenience for the transaction of liusiness and the com- fort of patrons, while the stock carried is complete and is being constantly increased by fresh invoices. The assortment embraces everything in the line of fine and mediiuu grades of boots, shoes and gaiters for men, boys or youths, antl everything new and stylish for ladies, misses and children, inchuling the strong walking boot and school shoe, also the light and delicate made toilet slipiJer. He also has a full assortment of rubber boots, arctics, overshoes, sandals, and slips suitable for all ages, sizes and sexes. He sells the famous " Nox 'Em All "' shoe, that is so popular at this time for its stylish appearance and excellent wearing qualities. His goods have all been selected with the greatest care and from the protiuctions of the best manufacturers, and cannot fail to please, as they are sold at the lowest figure and guaranteed to l)e as represented. Mr. Duhamel is a pleasant, courteons. reliable dealer, prompt in his engagements, and is highly respected in social and business circles. GRAND UNION TEA COIttPANY, Importei-s and Deal- ers in Choice Teas. Coffees and Spices, Specialties in Baking Powder, Headquarters Nos. 72 and 7!) Front Street, New Burlington Store, No. 55 Church Street.— Few articles that enter into daily consumption are so hard to obtain of purity and good quality as tea, coffee, and spices. It is therefore of great advantage to the consumer to know of some establishment where he can obtain these articles absolutely pure an-class accomodations for two hundred guests. No luxury afforded in situation, surround- ings, modern conveniences or expert management in any hotel in the state is lacking at the Bardwell. The house is lighted by gas and electricity, heated by steam throughout, and provided with electric call bells communicating with the office. The rooms are elegantly furnished, and every safety is provided in case of fire, while as re- gards sanitary arrangements the Bardwell is unrivaled. A first- class livery, a fine billiard hall and a barber shop are among the nec- essities of modern hotel life, which are supplied for the use of guests. The cuisine of the house is worthy of special commendation, being under the most experienced management, and kept up to the high- est standard of excellence. The dining-room is situated on the first floor, large, airy, well lighted, cosy and comfortable as home, and the service and attendance of its corps of agreeable and polite waiters, as we have enjoyed it, is worthy of special commendation, and adds very much to the comfort and enjoyment of guests. This department has been the scene in bygone days, and later still, of many a grand banquet and jovial gathering. Terms are placed upon a popular basis, and a stay at this hotel is ever remem- bered as a pleasant experience, and an agreeable reminiscence. Hon. John W. Cramton, the senior proprietor, is a gentleman known and honored all over the state. He was bom in Tinmouth, Vt., Nov. 10, 1826, and has resided in Rutland since 1852. His interests are large and varied, in real estate, bank stock, marble mills, mercantile business and numerous corporations. He is president of the Baxter National Bank, the Steam Stone Cutter Company, the True Blue Mar- ble company, and the Rutland Cornet Band; vice-president of the Howe Scale Company, and the Rutland Trotting Park Association ; and a promoter of other local enterprises. He was a member of the State Senate in 1888-9, is a trustee of the Vermont State Prison and House of Correction, and has served his fellow-townsmen as select- man, president of the village corporation, and in other positions of honor and responsibilitj-, with credit to himself and benefit to the public. Mr. Henry O. Carpenter is a native of New Hampshire, and has been connected with the Bardwell since his boyhood. His courtesy, affability, polite and courteous attention to his guests and invariable good nature are proverbial, while his memory of names and faces is a matter of wonderment to the most experienced of travelers. He is one of the trustees of the village and largely in- terested in local improvements. HOAG Sc Cli.^USON, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, No. 19 Center Street. — Messrs. Charles S. Hoag and W. B. Clausen are engaged in the retail sale of footwear at No. 19 Center Street in Rutland. Theirs is a very old established business, although the present firm was organized in 1887. They occupy a store 22 x SO feet, with a large repair shop in the rear. They employ three men, thoroughly skilled in their trade to repair boots and shoes, and in the store they keep an ample force of able, polite salesmen. They carry a full line of boots, shoes, rubbers, overshoes, slippers, gaiters, etc., for men, boys, women and misses, their goods being custom made. They also supply leather findings, etc. The prosperity that has followed the career of Messrs. Hoag & Clausen may be at once traced to fidelity to commercial integrity and constantly keeping on hand the very best goods made from the choicest material. They keep a finely appointed, attractive store, which one finds pleasure in enter- ing. Their excellently arranged windows, show cases, shelves and counters are enhanced by the effect of electric lights, and a tasteful display of goods. Mr. Hoag is a native of Vermont anc'i vvarj ior six years engaged in the capacity of grocers' clerk. Mr. Clausen was born in New York and for eleven years had been engaged in the boot and shoe business prior to the formation o£ this partnership. 68 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF T. A. CliIFFOKD, Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Watches and Jewelry, No. 23 Center Street.— Among the various learned pro- fessions there are none requiring more skill and accuracy besides high personal qualifications than that devoted to the preparation of drugs and medicines, as the lives of many persons depend daily upon the care and attention that is given to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes^. A prosperous, popu- lar and ably conducted drug store in Rutland, well w^orthy of more than passing comment in these pages, in consequence of its effi- ciency, reliability and liberal businesH methods, is that of Mr. T. A. Clifford, also dealer in watches and jewelry, whose fine establish- ment is centrally located at No. 23 Center Street. This popular drug store was founded originally in 1875 by Dr. Haurahan who con- ducted it with excellent success until 1880, when he disposed of it to Mr. G. W. Chaflin, who was succeeded in 1886 by the present proprie- ter, who is a native of Rutland and has had a wide range of experi- ence in the drug business. His store is of ample dimensions, com- pactly arranged and very attractively appointed and provided with every modern convenience for the successful transaction of the business, including a special department for the prompt and accu- rate compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes at all hours of the day and night, to which he devotes his per- sonal attention. The stock carried embraces a full line of drugs and chemicals all of standard quality; extracts, tinctures and pharma- ceutical preparations; all well-known proprietary remedies of merit; druggists' fancy goods, toilet articles, perfunjery, etc.; physicians' and surgeons requisites, druggists' sundries; paints, oils, varnishes, dye stuffs, etc., etc. He also carries a very fine and carefully se- lected assortment of fine gold and silver watches of American and European production, solid gold and rolled gold jewelry of every de- scription, such as wedding, engagement and souvenir rings, brace- lets, bangles, brooches, necklaces, earrings, watch chains, charms and lockets; lace shawl and scarf pins, etc., besides eyeglasses, spec- tacles, lenses and other optical goods. These goods are all first-class and warranted to be £is represented and are offered at lowest prices. Mr. Clifford is a young man of superior business ability, pleasant, courteous and enterprising, and is highly respected by all with whom he has any social or business relations. MRS. C. E. STEVENS, Fine Millinery, No. 1 1-2 Merchants' Row. — In no other line of productive industry are manufacturers so completely controlled by the fickle caprices of fashion as in the millinery trade. Its decrees are mandatory and to follow them requires not only skill and ability but rare artistic taste. A decid- edly prosperous, progressive and thoroughly representative house, extensively engaged in this important line of business in Rutland, enjoying a well deserved high reputation for first-class productions and liberal, straightforward dealings with patrons is that of Mrs. C. E. Stevens, whose popular and ably conducted millinery estab- lishment is centrally located at No. 11-2 Merchants' Row, on the corner of "West Street. This favorite resort for the fashionable ladies of Rutland was founded originally in 1873 at No. 17 Merchants' Row by the present proprietress, who is a native of Burlington, this state, and a resident here since 1872, and from the start she devel- oped a very large and first class patronage, derived principally from among our most refined and intelligent leaders of society; and in order to meet the increasing demands of her trade she moved into her present quarters in 1887. The premises occupied are amply spacious and commodious and comprise a handsomely appointed and attractively arranged store with reception parlor and work- room attached. The store is provided with every convenience for the advantageous display of her elegant and large assortment of goods and their inspection by patrons. The stock carried is full and complete and embraces all the very latest and correct styles and shapes of French and English bonnets, bonnet frames ; chip, straw and felt hats, misses' and children's head wear, both trimmed and untrimmed. The assortment of trimmings is replete with every- thing new, stylish and desirable, such as the very latest colors and shades in silks, satins, velvets and plushes, ribbons, laces, crapes, embroideries, lace edgings, ruchings, ostrich plumes, bunches and tips, feathers, stuffed birds of rare plimiage. foreign and domestic, artificial flowers, small fruits, hat pins, head ornaments, in fact everything in the line of fine millinery. Bonnets and hats are trim- med to order at the shortest notice and none but thoroughly skilled and artistic work is permitted to leave the establishment. A spec- ialty is made of mourniug goods to order, also for those desiring hats or bonnets trimmed while they wait, while the prices are always very reasonable. Mrs. Stevens is a pleasant, refined and highly accomplished lady of excellent business ability and enjoys the fullest confidence and respect of all with whom she has any business or social relations, and devoting herself to all the details of the business is fully apace with the times. Ladies will always find the very latest Paris and London styles at her establishment simul- taneous with their appearance in the larger cities. B. BIL.L1INOS & SON, Groceries and Provisions, No. 12 Mer- chants' Row.— The old established and highly prosperous house of Messrs. B. Billings & Son, founded originally in 1860 by Messrs. B. and D. C. Billings, was conducted by them with signal ability and constantly increasing prosperity until 1888, when owing to the deeply lamented decease of Mr. D. C. Billings the present firm, com- prised of the surviving partner, and his son Fred. P., succeeded to the business in 1889, and under their enterprising management the trade is constantly growing in volume and influence. They occupy a spacious and commodious store, neatly and appropriately fitted up and completely equipped with every facility for the successful pros- ecution of the business. The stock carried is full and complete and embraces everything in the line of choice staple and fancy groceries and provisions, such as absolutely pure and fresh new crop Young Hyson, Imperial, Souchong, Oolong, gunpowder, Japan, English breakfast and other teas, choice fragrant Mocha, Java and Rio cof- fees, cocoas, chocolates and spices; select brands of hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass, table delicacies, condiments, sauces, relishes, foreign and domestic fruits; sugars, syrups, and molasses, choice family flour, fancy cereals and farinaceous foods, finest dairy and fancy creamery butter and cheese, fresh eggs, pure lard, farm and garden produce ; salt and smoked meats and fish ; bakers' and laundry supplies, pails, brooms, mops, brushes, and kindred house- hold necessities; best brands of cigars, smoking and chewing tobac- cos, etc. The goods of this house are noted for their reliability, uni- form excellence and low prices. The store is a model of neatness, polite assistants serve patrons promptly and orders are delivered at residences free of charge. Messrs. Billings & Son are wide- awake business men. The senior is a native of this state while the son was horn in this city. GliOBE HOTEL, S. French, Proprietor.-There is no one feature that contributes more to the reputation of a town for thrift, progress and enterprise than excellent hotel accommodations which are so welcome to the smoke stained and dust covered weary traveler or tourist. A decidedly popular, prosperous and ably conducted estab- lishment of this character in Rutland and well worthy of more than passing comment in these pages is the well known Globe House of which Mr. S. French is the enterprising proprietor, and well deserv- ing of the patronage it is constantly receiving. This hostelry was opened in 1880, originally as the Continental, by Messrs. French and Hampton, and after passing under several different managements it came into the hands of Mr. French again in 1890, and is now known by the name of the Globe. The Globe is a commodious and substan- ial three-story structure, supplied with all modern improvements, lighted by electricity and has ample accomodations for seventy-five guests. The sleeping rooms are all well-lighted, properly ventilated, commodious, cheerful and kept in the best possible condition ; the halls and corridors are wide and well lighted, while the reception room and parlors are very attractively appointed and provided with every convenience. The cuisine is in charge of experienced persons and the food is of the very best quality and prepared in the most wholesome and appetizing manner, while the dining room is appropri- ately and tastefully arranged and meals are saved bounteously in the most inviting way by polite and intelligent assistants. The of- fice, reading and writing rooms are in charge of a pleasant, courte- ous clerk and charges are very reasonable. A well conducted livery is kept in connection with the Globe at which teams can be procured at all hours of the day or night at very low prices, Mr. French is a native of New Hampshire and has resided in Rutland for many years, is a pleasant, courteous and affable gentleman, entertaining and intelligent and is highly respected by all with whom he has any dealings. RUTLAND, V E 11 MONT, 69 GOSSELIN «k POUL.IIV, Fine Family Groceries, No. 27 Cen- ter Street.— la tliese days almost every conceivable article of food is sold by the grocer, so that upon the character of these houses de- pends to a great extent the freshness and purity of the food we con- sume. A well-known, prosperous and reliable house engaged In this all important business in Rutland and noted for the superior quality ■of its goods and liberal dealings is that of Messrs. Gosselin & Poulin, dealers in fine family groceries, etc., whose ably conducted head- quarters are located centrally on Onter Street. The individual members of the firm are Mr. F. Gosselin, a Canadian by birth and a resident here since 1871. and Charles Poulin, also born in Canada, and who came here three years previous. Thoroughly familiar and ■experienced in all branches of the food supply trade, they formed this co-partnership and founded this establishment originally in 1881, which at once secured a hold on popular favor that resulted in the development of a very liberal and substantial trade that is con- stantly increasing. The premises utilized comprise two spacious and commodious floors that are admirably adapted to the require- ments of the business and are fitted up with every convenience for its successful prosecution. The stock carried is always full and complete, being constantly replenished with new invoices, and em- braces about everything in the line of food articles, such as abso- lutely pure and fresh newcrop Young Hyson, Gunpowder, Imperial Souchong, Oolong, English breakfast, Japan and other teas; fra- grant Mocha, Java, South and Central American coffees, cocoas, •chocolates and spices; select brands of hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass, table delicacies, sauces, relishes, condiments, foreign and domestic fruits, sugars, syrups and molasses; best brands of family flour, fancy cereals, farinaceous foods, gilt-edge dairy and fancy creamery butter and cheese, fresh laid eggs, pure lard, farm and garden products; tobaccos and cigars, bakers' and laundry sup- plies; C. L. Cotton's choice flavoring extracts; pails, brooms, tubs, mops, brushes and kindred household necessities. They also carry at all times a full assortment of prime fresh and liome bred dressed beef, veal, mutton, lamb, country pork, game and poultry in season, besides the very best brands of plain and sugar cured liams, shoulders, breakfast bacon, corned pork and beef, fresh and salt flsh, etc. The goods sold here are noted for their superior excel- lence, uniform quality and low ijrices, the store is a model of neat- ne.ss and cleanliness, polite assistants serve patrons promptly, and goods are delivered at residences free of charge. Messrs. Gosselin & Poulin are wide-awake, energetic and reliable business men, cour- teous and liberal in their dealings and are highly respected by all with whom they have any business transactions. They also have a neat and well fitted room in the rear of their store for rendering lard and all the latest made machinery for making sausages, which is run by steam power. Sausages are made fresh every day, pressed corned beef, and head cheese are made with great care and neatness. They also sell at wholesale, sausages, salt pork and lard. THE DIAMOND RESTAURANT, No. 25 1-2 Center Street.— Rutland has long been recognized as the center where large capital, practical experience and boundless enterprise have com- bined to make its hotels equal to any in the country. As a contribu- tor to the general welfare of the town and a model establishment of its kind, the Diamond restaurant stands pre-eminent. These rooms have been used as a restaurant for more than twenty-five years and have had many different proprietors. Mr. L. C. Perkins assumed control in June, 1890. The premises occupied comprise a large din- ing hall for transient trade, also private halls for families and regu- lar boarders, which will accommodate one hundred and forty. He also has a number of rooms outside the main building which he rents to transient or regular boarders at most reasonable prices. The fit- tings and appointments of the rooms are of the best possible order and reflect the utmost credit upon the good judgment of the propri- etor and the cultivated taste of his customers. The general dining- room presents a most inviting appearance and the decorations are of the finest and most appropriate characters. The cuisine is in charge of chefs of marked ability and excellent reputation. Sir. Perkins secures his table supplies from the most varied sources, all the important markets of the country paying tribute to his enter- prise. Thus all the delicacies that can possibly be obtained are served in abundance, while the perfect manner in which the viands are prepared and the tasteful style in which they are set fortli. make a meal at The Diamond Restaurant a most agreeable experience. Mr. Perkins has been engaged in similar business for many years. One peculiarity of his establishment is that it keeps open all night for the accommodation of guests and the traveling public. He is a native of Vermont. He is untiring in his efforts to promote the comfort and pleasure of those who share his hospitality and is held in universal esteem both as an accomplished exponent of the valuable business in which he is engaged and as a man of the strictest integrity and the highest personal worth. For the accom- modation and enjoyment of his guests he has added a large and comfortably fitted up billiard and pool parlor to his establishment. He also keeps on hand a first-class stock of the best brands of cigars, and choicest confectionery. In fact this is the most complete estab- lishment of its kind in Rutland or indeed in the Green Mountain State. RUTLAND STEAM L.AUNDRY, J. D. Storms, Proprie- tor, No. ^i Blerchants' Row.— It is not so many years since the cleansing of our daily attire was done entirely by hand, the only aids being tlie tub and washboard. By the introduction of labor- saving machinery all this is changed, so that nearly all work of the kind is now sent out to be executed at some one of the steam laun- dries to be found in all thriving business centres. A prominent, pros- perous and representative establishment of this character in Rutland, and maintaining a high reputation for superior work and reliable business methods is the Rutland Steam Laundry, Mr. J. D. Storms, proprietor, and located centrally at No. SU Merchants' Row. This enterprise was founded originally in 1881 by Mr. S. Bortell, who was succeeded in 1883 by Mr. James Miller, who was followed by Mr. Henry Adams in 1887, and one year afterwards Mr. E. S. Davis pur- chased the concern and carried it on quite successfully until April, 1890, when he disposed of it to the present proprietor, who is a na- tive of New York and a resident here since 1864, and under whose able management the business is constantly increasing in volume and importance. The premises occupied are amply spacious and commodious and fitted up for business and working purposes. The laundry is fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances and is operated by water power, while employment is given to none but thoroughly skilled and experienced hands. Every precaution is taken that all work shall be executed in a supe- rior manner, and the methods of operation may be said to be com- prised in the terms of promptness and the thorough performance of all orders entrusted to it without injury to the fabrics. Lace cur- tains and caps are done up equal to new, and shirts, collars, cuffs, pillow and sheet shams, linen coats, vests, pants, dresses, skirts, chemises, night robes, underwear, counterpanes, household linen, bedding, woolens, etc., are laundered in the most skillful manner. The trade extends throughout the city and vicinity, goods are called for and delivered free of charge in the city, and prices are always reasonable, and the highest satisfaction is assured in all transactions with patrons. Mr. Storms is a pleasant and affable gentleman, en- terprising, prompt and reliable, and justly merits the success he has achieved by his ability and industry. T. OT. BARRETT, City Drug Store, Corner Center and Wales Streets. — The profession of the apothecary has ever been regarded among the most honorable callings. It is a profession in which Mr. T. M. Barrett has been very prosperous since the date of his establishment in 1886. He is the proprietor of the City Drug Store, and has a beautifully arranged store, stocked with every convenience in the drug line. He sells medicines, patent and otherwise, extracts, essential oils, herbs, elixirs, salves, essence, chemicals, etc., and has a most carefully attended prescription department which is endorsed by leading physicians as being a reliable place for the filling of phy- sicians prescriptions and family recipes. Mr. Barrett, who is a pnac- tical chemist and pharmacist, gives his direct, personal attention to the observance of all work done by his clerks. He keeps a full line of everj'thing that is intended for sale in a drug store, including toilet goods, brushes, perfumes, fancy soaps, powders, tooth pastes, notions, canes and bric-a-brac. Mr. Barrett was four years connected as a salesman in a drug store in New York, although a native of Ver- mont. All the best brands of wines and liquors for medicinal pur- poses are found in this popular establishment. 10 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF CHARLES E. ROSS, Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, No- tions, Etc., Opera House Building.— This flourishing and popular emporium was founded originally in 1866 by Messrs. Kinsman & Ross, and was conducted by them with unvarying success, when upon the retirement of Mr. Kinsman, the present proprietor as- sumed sole control, and under his able and enterprising manage- ment, the business has grown to its present proportions and influence. The premises utilized for the business are very spacious and com- modious, comprising two floors, each 26x85 feet in dimensions, very handsomely furnished and appointed, and thoroughly equipped with every modern facility for the advantageous display of the large and valuable assortment of goods, and their inspection by customers. The stock bears evidence of having been most carefully selected, and embraces about everything in the dry goods line, such as cloths, cassimeres, cloakings, suitings, the very latest and most fashionable colors, shades and patterns in silks, satins, velvets, plushes, cash- meres, merinoes, alpacas, mohairs, worsteds and other foreign dress stuffs; linens for household and personal use; flannels, worsteds, woolens, serges, cambrics, oedding materials, blankets, lawns, de- laines, challies, ginghams, plaids, stripes, muslins, prints, and wash fabrics of every description ; also foreign and domestic shawls, the very latest and most fashionable styles in new market, ulster, Con- nemara cloaks, sacques, circulars, dolmans, Mackintoslies. jerseys, etc., etc. The assortment of fancy goods includes silk and satin rib- bons of all colors, shades and widths, laces, braids, crapes, fringes, embroideries, edgings, fancy buttons, jewelry, and head ornaments;, ladies' furnishing goods, hosiery, gloves, fans, parasols, umbrellas, etc., besides an almost illimitable stock of notions, small wares, etc. These goods are all very attractively arranged in separate depart- ments, under the care of polite and intelligent assistants, who spare no efforts to meet the slightest demands of patrons, while the prices quoted are exceeding reasonable. Mr. Ross is one of Rutland's most public spirited citizens, a director of the Marble Bank, and is an ac- tive, consistent member of the Masonic Fraternity. E. N. MERRIAM'S Music and Decorative Art Rooms. No. 1.5 Merchants' Row. — Mr. Merriam is a native of Poultney, this state, and came to Rutland in 1858 and began business on his own account on the opposite side of the street during the same year, and is now the only man doing business on this street that was here at that date, and as his patronage increased he was obliged to seek more commodious quarters by removing to his present address. In those days he was the only sewing machine agent in the town and he is also the pioneer in the manufacture of fine shirts to order in the place. He occupies spacious and commodious premises, comprising a store and basement, both admirably adapted to the various re quirements of his trade. His store is very neatly and attractively appointed and provided with every convenience for the attractive display of his large and various assortment of goods and their inspection by patrons. The stock carried embraces all kinds of novelties in decorative art, such as linens, bolting cloth, pongees, sateens, plushes, felts, ornaments, English crewels, chenilles, Filo floss, tinsels, wash silks, embroidery silks, worsteds, zephyrs, bas- kets, Germantown wools, arasenes. Saxony yarn, church and Sunday school designs, monograms, all requisite material for Kensington work, rococo or ribbon embroidery, darned work, braiding, tufted stitch, applique work, and an illimitable quantity of small wares for use and ornament. He keeps on hand a line of musical merchandise. He also carries a fine line of fancy goods, for dress trimmings; cor- sets, linen goods, etc. Lessons are given in designing, embroidery, etc., and designing and stamping are executed promptly and satis- factorily. He is also the agent for the Domestic Sewing Machines of which a full assortment is kept constantly on hand, also all fittings and supplies for the same, besides other necessary household sup- plies. These goods are all selected with great care to meet the wants of a first-class trade. Mr. Merriam is a prominent advocate of temperance and has been an active member of the Sons of Tem- perance and Good Templars. D. STONE, Fresh and Salt Water Fish, Etc., No. 60 West Street. — A popular, prominent and highly prosperous house, main- taining a widespread reputation for handling only flrst-class com- modities, is that of Mr. D. Stone. This enterprising gentleman is a Canadian by birth, but has been a resident of this state nearly all of his life, and became a citizen of Rutland in 1883. and having a wide range of experience in this line of trade, he established this concern, and from the outset developed a very large and substantial trade, that is both wholesale and retail. He occupies spacious quarters, admirably equipped with every facil- ity for the daily handling of large quantities of fresh and salt water food. Having direct communications with shippers located at the- depots of the best fishing grounds, he receives his supplies direct by the latest improved methods of transportation, and having abundant facilities for providing dry-cold storage for their healthful pre.serva- tion for an indefinite period, he is prepared to furnish his patrons, with choice, wholesome cod, haddock, halibut, blue and weak fish;: striped, black and sea bass; salmon, brook and lake trout; herring,, mackerel, white fish, smelts, eels; in fact, anything pertaining to the finny tribe during their season, and at the very lowest prices. He receives his oysters, clams, crabs, lobsters and shell fish direct from the fisheries, and handles none but the very choicest and best, and those dealing with this house can always have the satisfaction of knowing that nothing inferior will be sold to them. J. P. SPAUIiDlNO, Bookseller, Stationer and Dealer ia Periodicals, etc.. No. 9 Merchants Row.— The intellectual side of a city may at once be determined by a glance into the show windows, of her book stores. Rutland is most ably represented in this respect, by Mr. John P. Spaulding, who is the proprietor of one of the oldest book stalls in the city at No. 9 Merchants' Row. The business was. established previous to 1860; succeeded in 1868, by Spaulding & Co.; while in 1887, Mr. Spaulding became the sole proprietor, although he has always been a member of the firm. He is a reliable, well posted, bookseller and stationer and carries a stock that is varied and. complete. His store, 25 x 80 feet, is most neatly and attractively arranged. In the front part he has his salesroom with its artistically arranged show windows, cases, shelves and counters, while in the rear of the store he manufactures all kinds of picture frames, sup- plying them with mats, glass and cords. He deals in books, artists' materials, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, picture frames and. pictures, photograph albums, writing material, pens, ink, rulers., sealing wax, crests, monograms, initials, mourning paper and enve- lopes, holiday and Easter goods, cards, engraved material, valen- tines, notions, etc. He also sells photographs of celebrities, souve- nirs, etc., while he keeps address books for the purpose of entering subscribers' names for periodicals and newspapers. He takes single subscriptions at club rates and delivers newspapers and other goods to customers and subscribers. Mr. Spaulding is one of the most accommodating of merchants and through this degree of politeness, has built up a large trade. He is a native of New Hampshire, but came to Rutland in 1860, where he has grown up with the city's in- terests as a most reliable business man. T. J. l.irON, Manufacturer of Lyon's Excelsior Boston, Oyster, Soda and Milk crackers. No. 46 Center Street.— The extent to which many of the industries of Rutland have attained during the past quarter of a century is owing not only to the natural growth and enterprise of the place, but to the energy and business ability of those who own and conduct them. Among the most prominent and important of these establishments is Lyon's Steam Bakery, of which Mr. T. J. Lyon is the enterprising proprietor. The business. was established in 18.53 by D. Verder and in 1873 the present pro- prietor assumed control and has since conducted the business in a highly satisfactory manner and with great success. The premises, occupied comprise a three-story brick block 60 by 80 feet in dimen- sions and two large storehouses. The building is equipped with alt the latest improved machinery which adds greatly to the perfection of the goods produced, as well as the rapidity with which they are- manufactured ; a great variety of crackers and biscuits, plain and fancy cakes are produced which are highly appreciated by the pub- lic. The finest quality of flour and other materials are used and the goods of Lyon's Steam Bakery have a standard reputation and are always in demand. A large force of help is employed and three traveling salesmen are employed taking orders in eastern New York and western Vermont. A very large wholesale and retail trade has been established which is increasing from year to year.^ The proprietor, Mr. T. J. Lyon, is a native of New Hampshire, has been a resident T)f Rutland for forty -three years. He is a director- of the Baxter National Bank of Rutland and is a member of the F., and A. M. R U T LAND, V E K M O N T , 71 J, H. GRANT, Meat, Fruit and Provisions.— This enterprise was founded originally about 1865 by Mr. C. Buffuni, and was con- ducted by him with excellent success for some years after it passed successively into the hands of Messrs. ClilTord & Riley, and others. In Oct. 1890, Mr. Grant became sole proprietor. He is a thoroughly experienced and practical man in this trade and under his enterprising direction and management the business has received a new impulse to its present volume and influence. The premises utilized are very spacious and commodious, comprising a first floor and basement, each 35 x 80 feet in dimensions and admir- ably fitted up with special reference to the wants of the trade, which involves the daily handling of large quantities of fresh meats, which in quantity, quality, fi-eshness and variety are unsurpassed by any similar concern in this section of the State. Having direct communi- cation with producers and shippers he receives only the very best grades of supplies and he has constantly on hand a full assortment of prime fresh beef, veal, mutton, lamb, country pork and sausage, also all kinds of poultry, game, fresh and salt watfr fish, oysters, clams, lobsters, etc. in their season; best brands of plain and sugar cured hams, shoulders, breakfast bacon, salt pork, corned and smoked beef, etc. He also handles all kinds of orchard, garden and tropical fruits, choice vegetables, a specialty being made of early products in this line which are received direct from the most reliable sources of supplies. Provided with the latest improved methods for dry-cold storage for the healthful preservation of perishable articles for an indefinite period, he is enabled to supply his patrons with choice wholesome food in his line during all seasons of the year at lowest ruling market prices. His establishment is a model of neat- ness and cleanliness. Mr. Grant is an industrious, energetic man and justly merits the success he has already attained with bright pros- pects for the future. THE OKNTRAL. LIVKRV AND CARRIAGE COm- PAN IT, Geo. O. Hassam, Manager, First-Class Livery and Feed Stable, and dealers in Carriages, Harness, Robes, Whips, Halters, Blankets, etc.. Central House, No. 51 and 53 West street.— Mr. Geo. O. Hassam established his business in May, 1887, and deals in carria- ges, harness, robes, whips, halters, saddles, blankets, rugs, robes, horse clothing, etc. He also keeps a first-class stable, with seven sleek and well-groomed horses for hire. He has single and double hitchups, one, two and three seated carriages and supplies the hand- somest turnouts in Rutland, stylish and bright. He is the agent for the Groton, N. Y. Carriage Company; and the Emerson & Fisher Carriage Company of N. Y. His stock embraces 60 or more car- riages of every rtyle and finish, victorias, landaus, buck boards, square box, sulkeys, traps, dog carts, etc., at. low prices to suit the times. Mr. Hassam is a native of Vermont. He served gallantly for 8 months during the war with the 26th N. Y. Cavalry, Co. F, and is an honored member of the G. A. R. As the manager for the Cen- tral Livery and Carriage Company, he has proven himself an able and careful business man and is widely and popularly known throughout the state. CL.4.RK 1.. liONG, Blacksmith Shop, Carriage Manufactur- ing, Repairing and Painting.— This business was first established by Mr. Long in 18.52, about a mile from the village of Rutland, which at that time was a very small village. He has occupied the present location since 1868. The premises occupied comprise one building four stories high, 30 x 75 feet in dimensions, and a carriage repository 30 X 32 feet in dimensions, which is also four stories. All . kinds of carriages are manufactured here and a specialty is made of repair- ing. Five skilled workmen are employed and all orders receive prompt attention. The building is admirably arranged and provided with all necessary tools and appliances. He uses nothing but the very best materials which have been selected with the greatest care. He enjoys unsurpassed facilities and turns out a fine line of light carriages, buggies, phaetons, road-wagons, etc., made in any of the approved styles and in the highest quality of workmanship. Those who want cheap carriages will not find them here, but those who want good and substantial ones at moderate prices cannot do better than place their orders with this establishment. Mr. Long is a native of Vermont, and a member of the F. A. M. and of the G. A. R., and was in the 1st Vt. Cavalry during the war. A. C. BATES & SON, Builders' and Saddlery Hardware, Etc., Nos. 46 and 48 Center Street, Opposite Berwick House.— This establishment was founded in 1862 by Messrs. Landon & Bates, who were succeeded by Landon, Bates & Gibbs, and in 1863 they were suc- ceeded by Landon & Bates in 1867. The present firm was established in 1868. The premises occupied comprise two separate floors with separate entrances on Center Street, 30 x 50 feet in dimensions, and a storehouse in the rear, 50 x 70 feet in dimensions, and three stories in height. They also have three basements for storage and one har- ness shop in the rear where they manufacture and repair harnesses. The store is complete in all its arrangements, and is filled with an excellent stock of saddlery hardware of every description, also a full assortment of horse clothing, lap robes, blankets, etc., of superior workmanship and excellent quality. They also keep a fine stock of trunks, bags, paints, oils, and glass and leather and rubber belting. Their prices are satisfactorily low, and their dealings are honorable and liberal. Mr. A. C. Bates, the senior member of the firm, is a native^of Vermont, a director of the P. Chase Manufacturing Com- pany of Rutland, and is heavily engaged in real estate business. Mr. Harry M. Bates is a native of New Haven, Vt., but has been a resident of Rutland since 1862. He is treasurer of the Marble City Electric Light Company of Rutland, and is a member of the F. and A. M. and of the Knights of Pythias. CHAS. G. TOWNSENB, Furniture, Feathers, Mattresses, No. 44 Center Street, nearly Opposite Berwick House.— Among the leading merchants devoted to this line of business in Rutland, is Mr. Chas. G. Townsend. He has three floors, 18 x 70 feet, and two base- ments filled with goods, comprising furniture, feathers, mattresses, curtains and all kinds of fixtures, poles, chains, rings, lambrequins and bric-a-brac. He does the most artistic sort of upholstering, in- cluding parlor and drawing-room suits, sofas, lounges, chairs, stools, hall, drawing-room, parlor, dining-room and bedroom chairs. He makes his mattresses from the choicest hair, excelsior, cotton and jute, while his pillows and bolsters are manufactured from the choicest geese feathers and down to be found in the market. He carries a large stock of furniture of the most approved antique and modern styles including sideboards, commodes, bedsteads, springs, chamber suits, wasl>stands, dressing cases, French-plate miri-ors, folding beds, stools, wood and marble-top goods, etc. Mr. Townsend 's customers come from the first families of Rut- land, and his sales amount to $1,.500 per month. He carries the best material in the market, and keeps his store in a neat and attractive condition, employing polite salesmen and delivering all orders. Mr. Townsend is regarded as one of the most upright and reliable business men in this city, his word being his bond. He is popular in a social way, a native of Vermont and a member of the K. of H. and the I. O. O. F. C. W. NICHOliS, Portrait and Landscape Photographer, No. 21 1-2 Center Street.— Photography owes its incipiency to T. Wedg- wood, who in 1802 first discovered the science of reproduction by means of the camera and negative. In this pi-ofession as in all others, America is in the lead, one of the notable portrait and land- scape photographers being >Ir. C. W. Nichols of No. 21 1-2 Center Street, Rutland. His is a very old business, having been established by him thirty years ago, (1860) while he has been in his present loca- tion for the past fifteen years. He is the owner of the building, a . neat edifice 22 feet wide and three stories high, Mr. Nichols occupy- ing six rooms on the second and third floors. At times his business is so extensive that he employs eight artists. He does a large busi- ness for the Marble Company photographing designs, while he also makes a specialty of general views and pastoral work. He is an ar- tist by profession, and being a practical workman his specimens come forth in the most acceptable manner. He makes cabinet, panel, card and imperial sized photographs and invests them with a finish that is soft in tone and artistically effective and beautiful. Mr. Nichols has fitted his gallery with all of the modern improvements, and keeps it in a neat and artistic manner, attractive to his numer- ous patrons. His customers come from the highest classes, and consist of ladies and gentlemen who know and appreciate good work. Mr. Nichols has earned the reputation for being a most ex- emplary man of business and enjoys the confidence of the people of this city, of which he has the honor to be a native. 72 INDUSTKIEy A XI) WEALTH OF JOHN CADEN, 11-12 Washington Street, Grocery Store.— Two aud twenty years ago, the people of Rutland witnessed the open- ing of a very pretentious dry goods store on the corner of Evelyn and Freight Streets, by Mr. John Caden. He kept his place in a neat and attractive manner and rapidly built up a trade among the best people of the city. About the beginning of the present year, Jlr. Caden saw an opportunity to extend his business and in March, 1890 he established a grocery store at 11-12 Washington Street. He employs pleasing and affable clerks, supplies the best goods in the market and obliges his customers by delivering all orders. He is a man of the times and has adopted the modern improvements,includ- ing electric lights. He carries a full stock of fancy and staple grocer- ies, flour, butter, sugar, eggs, spices, teas, coffees,canued goods, fruits, meats, vegetables, beiTies, fish, tomatoes, all finely boxed and bot- tled, sardines, milk, figs, dates, olives, chocolates, cocoa, peanuts, starch, soap, potash, washing and baking sodas, syrups, kerosene oil, vinegar, fruits, lemons, oranges, jellies, peaches, pears, melons, citrons, bananas, cranberries, vegetables, sweet potatoes, onions, pickles, extracts, blackings, polishes for stoves, bird seed, mustards, yeast cakes, sage, mince meat, breadstuffs, cheese, and all table, pantry and kitchen delicacies. His store is one of the very attract- ive places in Rutland where a dollar's worth of wares is always given in exchange for a dollar in cash. Mr. Caden is a native of Ireland but has been in Vermont twenty-four years. FEELEY HOUSE, Thos. Feeley, Proprietor, No. 1 Strong's Avenue.— Rutland is favored with the benefits and advantages de- rived from having located in her midst some of the best hotels in existence, which are recognized ^by travelers and experts as a true type of the modern art of hotel-keeping. A house built by the pro- prietor, Mr. Thomas Feeley, and opened to the public in 1890 may be found at No. 1 Strong's Avenue. This is one of the neatest, best kept hotels in town. It will accommodate fifty guests and is destined to become a popular place of resort for those who wish a quiet place and a most excellent table. The very best table for the price is found at the Feeley House, as all who have been its patrons are willing to testify. Mr. Feeley was for six- teen years cook at the Bardwell House and has occupied the posi- tion of cook in other first-class hotels. He does the cooking for the Feeley House and is a liberal and painstaking caterer. He believes in the best and plenty of it, and to travelers who desire the comforts of life we would recommend this new, neat and deservedly popular house. Its rates are reasonable and its service, cuisine and accom- modations are unsurpassed. The house is lighted with gas and fitted up with all modern improvements. Mr. Feeley is a native of Ireland and came to this country in 1857. He is a genial, prompt, enterpris- ing and agreeable host. PELTON PRIIVTING COIWPAN Y, Job Printers.— The Pel- ton Printing Company was founded originally in 1880 by Mr. G. E. Pelton, who conducted it with excellent success until 1890, when he disposed of it to the present company, comprised of Mr. G. E. Pelton, a native of New Hampshire, and with an active, practical experience of eighteen years in this trade, and Mr. E. H. Thomas, a New Yorker by birth, and a like experience covering fifteen yeai-s. and both resi- dents of Rutland for some time. The spacious and commodious premises used for the business comprise an entire floor, 40 x 60 feet in dimensions, and is thoroughly equipped with all the necessary machinery and outfit, including five power presses, paper cutter, operated by ample water-power, and in addition to this a full assortment of plain type, and all the latest approved styles of ornamental type, borders, embellishments, etc., while employment is given to none but thoroughly skilled and experienced hands. The range of work includes the very finest kind of artistic color work, plain and illustrated catalogues, legal briefs, pamphlet and book work, price lists, business cards, letter, note, bill and statement of account headings, envelope and postal card work, shipping tags, bills of lading, bills of fare, visiting cards, ball, party and festival printing, society work, programmes, dodgers, placards, posters, po- litical and theatrical work; in fact, everything in the line of commer- cial printing, the most satisfactory results being attained in all cases and at most reasonable figures. Estimates are furnished, and con- tracts of any magnitude are entered into, and executed promptly in the best possible style of the art. 1V.\KREIV E. RO.SS, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, No. 3 Mer- chants' Row.— New England produces more boots and shoes than any other section in the world. In addition to which, they are better made, the material is better, the style is superior, the prices lower, while the people of this part of the country appreciate home indus- tries and production, by consuming home-made articles. To this excellent class of customers, Mr. Warren E. Ross is catering in Rut- land. He has a fine store, 22 x 60 feet, at No. 3 Merchants' Row, elec- tric lighted, with excellent plate glass windows, an attractive window, show case and counter display of goods, and patronage from the best families of the city. He has a repair shop on the second floor, where he makes a specialty of repairing and custom made goods, and in the basement he has a heavy stock of wares. He established his business March 1, 1873, and has been in his present quarters since 1883. Mr. Ross sells men's, women's, misses' and children's shoes, boots, slippers, gaiters, rubbers, overshoes, shoes for lawn tennis and games, ladies' stylish French boots, riding, walking and military boots, and everything that is necessary in the line of foot gear. He came into his present business with a complete, commercial knowl- edge, part of which was gained during a three years' clerkship in a dry goods store. He is a native of Brandon, Vt., a member of the I.O.O.F., and a gentleman popular both in business and social circles. He keeps only the best goods of every kind on hand, and enjoys the confidence of his many customers. B. F. POIiLiARD, Merchant Tailor, Clothing and Men's Fur- nishings. Etc., Opera House Block. —Mr. B. F. Pollard is one of the most popular men in his line in town, and has built up a trade from the leading men of this city and the country. His store is 25 x 100 feet, while a space in the basement, 15 x 30 feet, is devoted to the tailoring shop. He came into business in 1879, having succeeded Gould & Pollard, who first established the trade in 1876. Blr. Pol- lard's specialty is high class custom work, from the best grade of goods. His trade embraces orders from all sections of the United States. Mr. Pollard solicits trade by sending one of his reliable men to obtain the same at the homes or business places of patrons, chiefly in custom suits. He makes coats, top and great coats, trou- sers, waistcoats, jackets, and dressing gowns, all of the latest pat- terns and best grade of goods. He carries, too, a complete line of men's clothing and furnishing goods, underwear, shirts, cravats, collars, cuffs, hose, fur goods, robes, rugs, blankets, ladies' furs, hats, caps, trunks, bags, umbrellas and walking sticks. His store is neatly and attractively arranged, with enticing show windows and cases. Mr. Pollard is a native of Virginia, but has lived in Vermont the better part of his life. He is a young man of energy and enter- prise, and adopts the latest improvements, his store being fitted with electric light and rich plate glass windows. He is a prominent man in city and business affairs; a director in the Rutland Electric Light Company; also director of the True Blue Marble Company; also a member of the I.O.O.F., the F. and A. M., and the K. T. He has gained the confidence of the public, and, as a business man stands in the first rank of advocates of strict commercial veracity, and is a conscientious and honored citizen. €. B. HIL.L.ARD, Dry Goods, No. 29 Merchants' Row.— Mr. Hillard has been established since 1878, his neat and elegantly ap- pointed store being the headquarters for foreign and domestic dry goods and notions. He has a shop 22 x 80 feet, fully stocked with every article necessary in a first-class dry goods store. His wares include a large assortment of the celebrated Broadhead dress goods in all the latest novelties, of new and desirable shades and colors. These come from the famous Broadhead worsted mills of James- town, N. Y., and are gauranteed to be made of the best material, ( wool dyed and fast as to colors. Mr. Hillard deals in woolens, silks, flannels, muslins, cotton goods, cambrics, calicos, satins, dress goods, ladies' wear of every description, underwear, fancy notions, laces, ribbons, trimmings, feathers, artificial flowers, gloves, collars, cuffs, threads, needles, ladies' sewing-boxes, tidies, crotchet work, and an endless array of articles used and worn by ladies. His spe- cialty, however, is the Broadhead brand of dress goods. Mr. Hillard entered upon his present business career after twelve years experi- ence as a clerk in various dry goods houses. He. is a native of Vermont and possessed of that commercial talent that marks New Englanders. K U T L AND, V E It M () N T . 73 A. H. ABKAHAxTI, Mamifaetiirer of Fine Cigars, Bates House Block, No. 3 CVnter Street. —Mr. Abraham is a native of New York and at an early age acquired a thorough knowledge of this business in all its details, and in 1874 he came to Rutland and inaugu- rated this enterprise on his own account. The premises utilized are spacious and commodious, neatly fitted up and suitably arranged for store and factory purposes, and employment is given to a full force of skilled and experienced cigar makers, whose operations are conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietor. From the start Sir. Abraham's aim has been to make an honest cigar, worthy of the good opinion of smokers who know a good article and to scrupulously maintain the superiority of his brands, and that he has succeeded in Ills efforts is manifest by the increasing demand for his products wherever introduced. A particular specialty is made of hand-made cigars. In his store will be found at all times a full and complete assortment of his popular brands of Havana, Key West and domestic cigars, also all the choicest lines of cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobaccos, snuffs, etc., besides a splendid assortment of meerschaum, clay, cob and wooden pipes, cigar and cigarette holders, pipe stems, mouth pieces and smokers" articles generally, which are offered at lowest prices. Mr. Abraham is a re- liable business man, and an active member of the Masonic order of the Royal Arch degree, an Odd Fellow, a Knight of Honor, and of other standard social and benevolent organizations. FRED. CLiElWElVTiS, Livery and Feed Stable, No. 13 Wash- ington Street.— This enterprising young man is an acknowledged authority on all matters pertaining to the care, management and re- quirements of the horse and is an expert judge of all the qualities required in a good animal, and was for some time previous to engag- ing in this present business employed in training colts and liorses for various uses. He founded this enterprise on his own account and at •once developed a very liberal and substantial patronage. His stable is centrally located and of ample dimensions, well lighted, thor- oughly ventilated and drained and kept in a most orderly and clean condition. Horses are taken to board by the day, week or month and every care is given them by experienced grooms, while the food is of the very best quality and bountifully supplied. He also keeps at the disposal of the public a number of stylish turnouts comprising carriages, surreys, top and open buggies, while his horses are kept in excellent condition, free in harness and thoroughly gentle and free of vicious habits. These are furnished fully caparisoned and equipped for business or pleasure purposes at all hours of the day or night, with or without drivers. A specialty is made of supplj-ing turnouts for weddings, balls, parties, festivals, picnics and funerals, and the service is always of the highest order. Mr. Clements is a gentleman of superior business ability, prompt, reliable and indus- trious. T. RA1VKI!VE»S Domestic Bakery, No. a? Center Street.— The popular and prosperous Domestic Bakery has been a prominent land- mark in this city for many years and came into the possession of the present enterprising proprietor in 1888. BIr. Rankine is a native of St. Johns, New Brunswick, and came to this city in 1886, being a thoroughly practical and experienced man in all branches of this trade. The premises utilized are spacious, comprising two floors that are fitted up for business and manufacturing purposes. The bake shop is thoroughly equipped with the latest improved ovens and other appliances, and none but thoroughly experienced work- men are given employment. None but the very best gradesj of new roller process spring and winter wheat flour are used, while neatness, cleanliness and system are strictly observed. The range of products embraces all kinds of white, rye, graham and brown bread, rolls, buns, biscuits, molasses, sponge, pound, fruit and other varieties of cake, pies of all kinds, choice pastries, etc. The store is kept in a most attractive manner, while a full assortment of the products fresh from the ovens is kept constantly on hand and sold at the low- est prices. Regular customers are served punctually by wagon at residences every day with the choicest of cereal foods, fresh and warm, and every effort is made to meet the most exacting demands. Mr. Rankine is a courteous and energetic man of excellent business ability, constantly engaged in promoting his customers' best inter- ests. HEMtY O. EDSON, Successor tr. M. & 11. O. Edson, Dealer in all Kinds of Building Material, Lumber, Doors, Sash, Bhnds, Glass, Paints, Etc., No. 45 West Street.— This is one of the oldest houses of the city, having been established in 1853 by Mr. 3L Edson. In 1857, he was succeeded by Messrs. Edson & Hammond; in 18C5, Messrs. M. and H. O. Edson became the proprietors, and in 1887, Mr. Edson succeeded to the sole ownership of the concei-n. Ho transacts a most extensive line of business, his yards occupying three-fourths of an acre on West Street, with a capacity for storing 600,000 feet of lumber. Mr. Edson employs seven persons and keeps two teams bu.sy the year round. He handles everything necessary for the builder, including lumber, hard and soft in every form; artis- tically made doors, blinds, sashes, etc. ; French and American plate glass; paints of every color, quality and description ; all grades of nails; lime for plaster and hair to gain the adhesive effect; slieath- ing, etc. Mr. Edson has the honor to be, a native of Rutland, where he is looked upon as a gentleman of strict commercial honor. He has held several places of public trust in his time. For three years, he gallantly served with Company H, First Vermont Cavalry, being in charge of the quarter-master's department, for six months. He is now an honored member of the G. A. R. ; he is also a member of the Board of Selectmen; treasurer of the New England Fire Insur- ance Company of Rutland: director of the State Trust Company; and president of the Vermont Cavalry Re-Union Society. CENTRAL. HOUSE, Leon Pomeroy, Proprietor. Nos. 51 and 53 West Street.— Hotels, like clubs, originated with the coffee-houses in those good old days, when Addison, Steele, Sheridan, Hood, Lamb and a host of other jolly souls were wont to gather about the blazing fire and chat over their Java and the latest bit of society scandal. Then came the public house, afterwards the hotel or inn, as it was called. America has the finest hotels in the world. Rutland has a finely kept, clean and attractive hotel, in the Central House, of which Mr. Leon Pomeroy is the proprietor, at Nos. 51 and 53 West Street. This is a very old house, the date of its establishment and the names of its early proprietors not being certain. Mr. Pomeroj- became its proprietor in 1889. He has accommodations for sixty guests and his reputation has already gone out in the direction of knowing how to set a most excellent table. He supplies the choicest soups, the ten- derest roasts, excellent entrees and fine desserts, tea and coffee. He keeps eleven employes and personally sees to it that the rooms are kept tidy and attractive and that all his guests are made comfort- able. He has furnished his house nicely and supplied modern im- provements, including electric lights. For the accommodation of his guests, he has a fine livery stable, where seven to ten well-fed, sleek teams, all good roadsters are kept. He has neat rigs and har- nesses, all in keeping with the careful arrangements of his hotel. Mr. Pomeroy is a native of Canada, but has lived in Vermont the better part of his life. For twenty consecutive years he was em- ployed in a wagon factory at Vergennes, making spokes and hubs. IUARBL.E CITY MARKET.— It is always a pleasure to step into a market and find everything in prime order, the benches, blocks and counters neatly scraped and clean, the floor carefully swept, the meats and carcasses systematically hung upon their hooks, the ice boxes pure and cold and the vegetables neatly assorted and arranged. This is the appearance of the Marble City Market, No. 54 Center Street, owned by Messrs. Denio & Crosier. They oc- cupy a store 18 x 70 feet, and although they have been in business here in Rutland only since September, 1890, they are beginning to make their mark and are in a bright way to command a trade from the first families. They employ polite help, deliver all orders and see to it that only the best goods are offered for sale. They have had eight years experience in the meat market business, before their present venture and both being natives of Vermont, they have grown up with the tastes and wants of the people. They sell the sweetest and most tender joints and cuts of beef, lamb, mutton, pork and veal; fresh lard, butter, eggs and cheese; poultry, birds, game, vegetables, salt and dried meats, fruits and delicacies. They also carry a large line of groceries, including flour from the best wheat, tea, sugar, coffee, spices, canned, pickled, preserved and dried goods, etc. Messrs. Denio & Crosier have fine prospects before them and the best wishes of the community, who regard them as men of upright principles. 74 INDUSTRIES AXD AVEAl^TH O F J. F. incGUIRK, Groceries and rrovisioiis, No. 2 Stroiig"s Avenue.— This enterprising gentleman is a native of tliis city, and having a wide range of experience in this line of business, he in- augurated this enterprise on his own responsibility in 1881, and at once developed a very liberal and substantial trade that is constantly increasing in volume and influence. The premises utilized for the business are of ample dimensions, and comprise a first floor and basemeni, compactly arranged, and supplied with every convenience for the successful conduct of the business. The store is neatly ap- pointed, and presents an attractive appearance, while the stock car- ried is full and complete, and embraces a full line of choice staple and fancy groceries, such as absolutely pure and fresh, new crop teas from China and Japan, choice fragrant Mocha, Java and Rio coflfees, cocoas, chocolates and spices: select brands of canned vege- tables, meats, flsh, fruits, table delicacies, relishes, sauces and condi- ments; sugars, syrups, and molasses; choice family flour, fancy cereal and farinaceous foods; best dairy and fancy creamery butter and cheese, fresh eggs, pure leaf lard, salt and smoked meats and fish; farm and garden products, best brands of cigars, smoking and chewing tobaccos, bakers" and laundry supplies, tubs, pails, brooms and kindred household supplies, etc.. These goods are all of the very best quality, fresh and pure, and the prices quoted are the very lowest. The store is always neatly and cleanly kept, polite assist- ants serve patrons, and goods are delivered at residences in the city, free of charge. Mr. McGuirk is an industrious, energetic man of ex- cellent business ability. B.41L.E:Y'S DININ Roman Catholic, — about a dozen stores and 2000 inhabitants. It is here that the •^OP marble deposit that has made the name of Rutland famous in all parts of the world is ,' found. About eighty rods north of the railroad depot in West Rutland is a range of hills rising about 200 feet from the bottom lands, and on the western slope of this hill, near the base, crops out the beautiful Rutland marble. The valley at the foot of West Mountain, half a century ago, was a dreary swamp. During the year 1838, Mr, Wm. F. Barnes began calcin- ing the marble found here into quicklime. Soon the idea occurred to him that this marble might be used for tombstones, and accordingly, he struck a bargain for this barren, swampy land, including a portion of the hill, giving in exchange an old horse, worth not to exceed $75.00. This same barren swamp contained nearly all of the famous quarries of West Rutland, and Mr. Barnes, a short time before his death sold the same for $130,000. The West Rut- land marbles in variety of color, in fineness of texture and in durability are not surpassed by those from any other regions of the United States, and some of the Rutland marbles are fully equal to the highest grade of Italian and for some purposes are considered superior. The three marble companies operating in West Rutland are the True Blue Company, the Vermont Marble Company, and the Sheldon Marble Company. The Vermont Marble Company has recently acquired the valuable property formerly operated by Gibson and Woodfin, and conduct the large plant of that firm in connection with their works at Proctor and Center Rutland. The Valido Marble Company has a quarry at West Rutland, and mills and finishing shops at Fairhaven, Vt. The Standard Marble Company and the Esperanza Marble Company also have quarries at West Rutland. This is a busy, flourishing village, and is well supplied with railway connections and has abundant water-power for manufacturing purposes, and is one of the growing villages of the state. She has inexhaustible wealth in her mountains and en- ergy, enterprise, and great business ability characterize her citizens. n 78 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF WEST RUTLAND. R. H. W ATKINS, Stoves, Ranges, and Hardware, Tin, Wooden and Glass Ware, Wood and Iron Pumps, Lead Pipe, Sinks, Etc., Etc. — A record of unbroken prosperity extending over a period of twenty-five years, marks the history of the well and favorably known establishment whose name stands at the head of this sketch, and which since its inception has maintained an enduring hold on popu- lar favor and confidence well deserved, while the house fully sus- tains to-day its old time reputation for reliable goods and honorable dealing, purchasers and patrons being always assured of flrst-class work and satisfactory treatment in this well ordered emporium, which is one of the leading and best equipped general house fur- nishing store and agricultural specialty stores in West Rutland. The business was established more than twenty-five years ago by Mr. M. Newton, who was succeeded by Messrs. Adams & Watkins in 1887. After the decease of Mr. Adams, in 1888, Mr. Watkiiis assumed the control and has since conducted the business with unin- terrupted success. The premises occupied for business purposes comprise three floors, 2.5 x 50 feet in dimensions, and a vast and varied stock is constantly carried, embracing a full and fine line of stoves, ranges and heaters of every description, tin, and sheet-iron ware of all kinds, japanned goods, Britannia, woodenware, cutlery, glassware, and household specialties in great variety, refrigerators, clothes wringers, kitchen utensils, farming and garden tools, grass seeds and kindred products. Particular attention is given to repair- ing and general jobbing, while tin roofing, .guttering, etc., is a spe- cialty, and altogether a large and flourishing business is carried on, the trade extending throughout the town and surrounding country. Several expert workmen are employed and all orders receive prompt attention. Mr. Watkins is a native of Vermont, and worked for eight years as a clerk in New York previous to engaging in business 'in this place. He is a member of the F. &. A. M., and is highly re- garded in the community for his industry and business integrity. F. A. mORSE!, Druggist.— The establishment over which Mr. F. A. Morse presides, is known as one of the most enterprising and reliable drug stores in West Rutland. It is a fine establishment, elaborate and attractive in all its appointments and arrangements. A splendid stock of goods is shown in every branch of the trade. The business was established by Mr. Morse in 1867. The drug store is a large room in a two-story frame building owned by the proprie- tor. In one end of the building is a fine tenement for the residence of his family. Beside the drug store, there is one room in the building used as an ofBce, and in the ell is a large room devoted to the sale of school books, stationery, toys, wall paper, etc. A fine and superior assortments of drugs, paints, oils, varnishes, medicines, pharmaceu- tical preparations, etc., are supplied from the most reputable sources, and are selected with special reference to strength and freshness. In toilet goods, perfumery and fancy articles, the enter- prise of the proprietor has placed within the reach of his customers the best that can be obtained of both domestic and foreign produc- tion. The house is perfectly equipped for its specialty of prescrip- tions, and as all details of the business are under the personal supervision of the proprietor, the utmost accuracy is invariably assured. A competent force of clerks and salesmen give prompt attention to those general duties that make communication with the house both pleasant and profitable. A large and influential trade has been established, and Mr. Morse will merit all the success he may achieve. He is a native of Vermont, a member of the F. & A. M., and is eminently popular with all his patrons. Mr. Morse is also interested in a granite quarry, which is now being opened on Bird Mountain and is destined to prove a valuable industry to West Rutland. E. H. WHITE, Watches, Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware, Spectacles, Musical Instruments, Guns, Revolvers, Etc. — The steady and substantial growth of material wealth, advance in refinement and culture in the United States during the last quarter of a century have developed a corresponding demand for rich and rare gems, and those articles that beautify and adorn the person as well as those that contribute to the pleasures and comforts of life. A prominent representative, and thoroughly reliable house engaged in this line of trade in West Rutland, maintaining a most enviable reputation for handling only flrst-class goods and straightforward dealings is that of Mr. E. H. White, dealer in watches, jewelry, silver and plated ware, etc. Mr. White is a native of this state and his early days, till twentj'-four years of age, were spent in farming in Ira, Vt. He has been a resident of West Rutland for a number of years, and brings a wide range of experience into this line of trade, having been previ- ously engaged in it in Rutland six years with Ben K. Chase and in Woodstock and Burlington. He came to this village and bought out Mr. S. P. Giddings, 1875, and took control as owner of this establish- ment on his own account, and its record from the start has been one of continuous prosperity and constantly increasing popularity. His store is amply spacious, commodious and very neatly fitted up. while every convenience is provided for the attractive display of his fine assortment of goods, and their inspection by patrons. The stock embraces a splendid line of fine gold and silver American and European watches in all the latest styles; rare and precious gems mounted in the most exquisite, original and unique designs, wedding, engagement, and souvenir rings, ear rings, pendants, brooches, bracelets, bangles, watch chains, charms, lockets, shawl and scarf pins, collar and cuff buttons, art novelties for use and ornament in gold, silver and bronze; solid silver and plated wares, French, Swiss and American clocks, eyeglasses, spectacles and other optical goods; small musical instruments, musical mer- chandise, a specialty being made of fine violin, guitar and other strings, etc. He also carries a fine line of rifles, fowling pieces, revolvers, pistols, all of the latest improved patterns, cartridges of all calibres and ammunition, etc. The.se goods bear evidence of having been most carefully selected and cannot fail to meet the wants of a flrst-class trade, as they are offered at lowest prices and guaranteed to be just as represented. A specialty is the repairing of flne watches, clocks, jewelry and engraving, and all work done here is warranted to give satisfaction. Mr. White is an enterprising, reliable gentleman of excellent business ability, courteous and affa- ble in his biisiness and social intercoiu'se, and justly merits the suc- cess he has achieved by his industry and well directed efforts. F. FISH, Fine Family Groceries, Etc., and General Merchandise. --In looking over the various conmiercial industries of a thriving and enterprising business center like that of West Rutland, there is none more deserving of consideration than those engaged in hand- ling the staple necessaries of life, and flrst in importance ranks the grocer. A prominent, prosperous and ably conducted establishment devoted to this line of trade in West Rutland and maintaining a very enviable reputation for handling only first-class goods, and straight- forward business dealings is that of Mr. F. Fish, dealer in firie family groceries. This enterprising and popular young man is a native of this state, and a resident here for several years, and desirous of engaging in active business on his own account he purchased this old stand which has been used for mercantile purposes for over a hundred years, from Mr. W. H. Woodward in 1887; and carefully restocking it with a fine assortment of goods soon built up a very large and influential trade that is constantly increasing. The prem- ises utilized comprise two very spacious and commodious floors, each 25 x 90 feet in dimensions, very neatly and attractively fltted up and provided with every convenience for tiie successful prosecution of the business. The stock carried is always full and complete, and embraces everything in the hue of choice staple and fancy groceries, such as are absolutely pure and fresh, new crop young Hyson, gunpowder, imperial, Japan, Souchong, Oolong, English breakfast and other teas; choice Mocha, Java, Rio and other coffees, cocoas, chocolates and spices; best brands of hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass, sauces, relishes, condiments, table delicacies, foreign and domestic fruits; sugars, syrups and molasses; best family flour, fancy cereal and farinaceous foods, choice dairy and fancy cream- ery butter and cheese, fresh laid eggs, lard, farm and garden pro- duce; salt and smoked meats and fish: popular brands of cigars and tobaccos; bakers and laundry supplies; pails, tubs, brooms and kin- dred household supplies, and in fact, everything usually found in a well regulated house of this charaater. The goods sold here are noted for their purity, uniform excellence and extremely low prices, and the store is a model of neatness and cleanliness. Polite assist- ants serve patrons, and goods are delivered at residences in the town free of charge. Mr. Fish is a popular, enterprising and pleasant young man, reliable, prompt and honorable, and enjoys the confi- dence of all with whom he has any dealings, and well deserves the sticcess attained. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF BRANDON. J^l^^M' H I S delightfully situated village was ciiartercd Neshobe, October 20, 1761, and retained this name for twenty-three years, while an act of the legislature, confirming the or- ^':W^ ganizalion of the town, and changing the name to Brandon, was passed October 20, 1784. The name Brandon is supposed to be a corruption of "Burnt-town" which was derived from the fact of the town having at one time been visited by the Indians, who massacred some of the inhabitants and burned their dwellings. The settlement of towns in this state, especially on the west side of the mountains, which commenced at the southern extremity of the state, progressed northward from town to town with considerable regularity in the order of time. A similar order of time is observed in the issuing of patents with the exception of the town of Bennington, which was chartered in 1749, and there was an interval of twelve years before any town north of it received a patent. The first settlement 79 so IXDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF made in Brandon was in October, 1772, and there were, at this time, nine other towns in this. county in which settlements had been made. The first white man that ever spent a winter in Brandon was Amos Cutler, a single man from Hampton, Ct., who, in October, 1772, made an opening and built a cabin which he occupied alone during the following winter. One of the early settlers whose name has been intimately associated with the town of Brandon for the last half century is Mr. John Conant, who, in 1820 erected the furnace in the village, the first blast of which was made in October of that year. To this establishment long and familiarly known as " Conant's Furnace," is this village chiefly indebted for the impetus then- given, and for its continuous growth and prosperity. He was very active in all public meas- ures for the improvement of the place, and where money was required his zeal was prominently exhibited in his liberal contributions. He represented the town four times in legislative halls and was its first postmaster after the office was moved to the village. He was one of the electors when VVm. H. Harrison \va3 chosen President. Brandon is very PLEASANTLY SITUATED. on Mill River, a tributary to Otter Creek, and enjoys good water privileges and other facili- ties for making it a busy town. Some of the most valuable marble quarries of the slate have recently been opened here. Iron, manganese, kaolin, paint pigments, etc. are found here. A singular freak in the geological formation of the town is the "frozen well," wherein ice may be found, during the entire season. It was dug in 1858, and is located a little southwest of the village. After sinking twenty feet through the soil, the workmen came to frozen earth, consisting of coarse gravel, rounded pebbles, and lumps of clear ice from the size of an egg BKANDOX, VERMONT. 81 to that of a twelve-pound cannon-ball. This frozen stratum is about fifteen feet thick. Bran- don is a very attractive village with unusually wide streets, abundant shade and delightful sur- roundings. The town has two first-class hotels fitted up with all modern improvements and possessing all the comforts and conveniences which the summer boarder or transient guest may require. Near here is Lake Dunmore, five miles long, one mile wide, and covering a territory of 1,400 acres. On its bank is a large hotel which is liberally patronized by sum- mer boarders and excursionists. Brandon, according to the census of 1890 has a population of 3,280. It has two banks, the First National and Brandon National. There are five churches, Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, and Roman Catholic. The graded school system is in vogue here, and under the able management and instruction of Prof. Butcher and his accomplished assistants, has attained the highest success. That these schools are unsurpassed by those of any village of its size is not saying too much. Many families are influenced to take up a residence here by the advantages offered by the public schools, and well they may, for no interest lies nearer the welfare of any community, and nothing indicates more clearly the thrift and intelligence of the people than their care of the matters of educa- tion, and in her system of public schools, Brandon may well feel no small degree of pride, for to these schools, she must ever look in the future, as in the past, for the development of the truest and noblest types of citizenship. AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE. the village of Brandon possesses all the elements of accessibility, health, educational facilities, and social and religious advantages in the highest degree. It is known as a commercial rather than a manufacturing center, and its trade is rapidly increasing. A large extent of ter- ritory, densely populated and rich in agricultural resources, has long been tributary to this place. The eflfect of this is to bring Brandon prominently forward as a commercial town and in the grand rivalry among the villages of the state for commercial power and wealth and securing an industrial population the chances for Brandon are daily brightening. The capital employed in merchandising in Brandon is large, the lines of industry are varied and the enter- prise is a growing one. As a class the merchants are conservative, and "fair dealing" is their motto. This village possesses the monopoly of the retail trade for quite an extent of country and few villages of its size in the state can boast of more elegant business blocks, or larger or better selected stocks of goods. Its location is very desirable and its eligibility as a place of residence has exerted a powerful influence in the development of its resources. Its streets are regularly laid out and well shaped, and its private residences and public buildings present a handsome appearance. BKANDON NATION All BANK.— In the Brandon National management this bank is doing a large and safe business, all its Bank this community has a substantial and successfully conducted movements being marked by prudence, caution and honorable busi- institution, which has, by its sound and liberal methods, largely ness methods, and it is generally recognized as one of those solid, aided the development of the various mercantile and manufacturing ably conducted institutions that reflect credit alike upon their ofH- interests in its special territory. It was incorporated in 1864, with a cers and the community where their influence is felt. Its last state- capital stock of $200,000, and is officered as follows, viz.: president, ment, made Oct. 2, 1890, shows a surplus fund of $12,900.00; undi- E. D. Thayer; vice-president, Cyrus Jennings; cashier, W. F. Scott; vided profits, $5,643.44; individual deposits, $42,103.64. Its executive directors, E. D. Thayer, Cyrus Jennings, E. C. Thompson, Ed. D. officers are gentlemen with whom it is always a pleasure to do busi- Thayer. The banking rooms of the institution are centrally located ness. Prompt, obliging and efficient in all their dealings with the at the corner of Center and Park streets, occupying the ground floor public they are naturally popular, and uphold the credit of the bank of a handsome brick building, and are spacious in size, elegantly in both financial, commercial and social life. The president, Mr. appointed and provided with improved safes and vaults insuring the Thayer, is a native of Vermont, and for many years a prominent greatest security. A general banking business is transacted, includ- citizen of Brandon and closely identified with its growth and devel- ing the receiving of deposits, the discounting of approved commer- opment, whlie he is also president of the State Bank at Clyde, Kan- cial paper, the collection of drafts, and the dealing in flrst-class se- sas. The vice-president, Mr. Jennings, resides in the neighboring curities of all kinds. From its inception this bank has retained the village of Hortonville, and is president of the Vermont Investment confidence of the public in a marked degree. Its founders were men and Guarantee Company and a member of the state senate of 1890- whohad the rare foresight to recognize the possibilities of such an 91. The cashier, Mr. Scott, is a native of Barre, Vt. ; has served as institution and they laid the foundations sufficiently strong and deep town treasurer for a number of years, is a notary public, a member to bear any superstructure that time, experience and wealth might of the F. & A. M., and a young man of large and extended business rear. They builded well, and their successors have been eminently experience as a financier and of wide acquaintance and eminent worthy of the succession. Under its present wise and conservative popularity. 82 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF BRANDON OTANUFACTURING COOTPANY.— This brief sketch of the Brandon Manufacturing Company introduces to our readers a concern of wide celebrity, ranking first in quality as manufacturers of and wholesale dealers in marble and granite mon- uments, and second to few in this section as regards volume of pro- duction. Their trade is local, surburban and country-wide; its radius ever enlarging, its wares eminently popular with buyers and in large demand wherever once introduced. This company estab- lished their business here in 1888, and handle both Italian, Brandon, Florentine and Rutland marble, besides dealing at wholesale in all kinds of marble and granite monuments, plumbers' slabs, wain- scots, tiling, etc. They own eleven acres of quarry land on the Neshobee River, where they work fourteen men in the business of quarrying marble, and their quarries are provided with steam drills and the latest improvements known to the industry. They operate large polishing and finishing shops on Center Street, comprising one building 40 x 160 feet andanother 40 x 40 feet, and which are sup- plied with gang saws for sawing marble, and every modern appli- ance for molding, polishing and finishing both marble and granite, operated by steam and water power combined, to the extent of 125 horse-power, and employment is here given to forty skilled and ex- pert workmen. Fabrication of monumental work has become an art requiring originality of conception, technical training, patient endeavor, intelligent application and the very acme of expert work- manship to secure an artistic totality of admirable and enduring qualities. To fully meet these essential requisites, the efforts of this company are unremitting. Purity and originality of design, excel- lence in material and workmanship, are the aims of the manage- ment, and all work proves as represented, is guaranteed in every respect, and every statement, expressed or implied, in letter and spirit is substantiated. The fullest extent of artistic possibility has signalized their many productions, and their well-tested merits, marked appreciation by the trade throughout all the eastern states, is their best recommendation, their only needed endorsement. A corps of expert salesmen represent the interests of the house upon the road, and orders are guaranteed prompt and perfect fulfilment in all cases. The proprietors of this enterprise are Messrs. T. J. and W. V. Johnstone, father and son. The former was born in England, came to Canada in 1862, and settled in Burlington, Vt. in 1880, where he had the management of the works of the Burlington Manufactur- ing Company for seven years. The son was also born in England, and came to this country when an infant. Both are artistic work- men who can embody and produce the conceptions of their brain by their own skilled handicraft, and they combine ripe experience and disting^uished enterprise to form a company of commanding influ- ence, wide popularity and solid worth. salesroom, lighted with electric lights and fitted up with all modern appliances. He is a native of Bakersfield, Vt., and came to Brandon in 1888. He was in the employ of a dry goods firm in St. Albans for eight years previous to establishing himself in business. He is a young man of energy and determination, thoroughly devoted to the demands of the industry he follows, and highly esteemed for his sterling integrity and personal honor. WlIiSON D. NUTTING, Dry Goods, Park St.— A progressive and popular dry goods house is here given, and one that in the space of three years has advanced to a most important position in the trade. The business was inaugurated in 1888 by the present proprietor, who purchased of Messrs. C. H. Ross & Co., a branch of their busi- ness consisting of staple and fancy goods. The premises occupied comprise one floor, 40 x 97 feet in dimensions; five experienced clerks are constantly employed and the store is one of the most attractive features of the neighborhood, and is a favorite resort for great numbers who receive in their estimation, better satisfaction, both in service and prices than can be obtained in any similar con- cern in town. A very large and diversified stock is carried, embrac- ing dry goods and notions and all those kindred articles that lend such charm and variety to the assortments. All the lines are com- plete and fresh, the dress goods, silks, shawls, blankets, white and fancy goods being particularly rich. Unrivalled facilities are en- joyed for procuring the latest and best productions, consignments reaching the house direct from leading manufacturers. Purchases are made for cash, and in consideration of this fact, which is a most important item to the producers and jobbers, Mr. Nutting is given the benefit of exceptionally favorable prices, which explains the reason of the figures which he quotes being lower than those named elsewhere. Both a large wholesale and retail business is transacted. The prosperity of the house is substantial and gratifying and the rapid augmentation of the trade gives abundant promise for the future. Mr. Nutting has not only the largest and finest stock of goods in town but has a nicely finished and attractively arranged H. WL. GIPSON, Lumber, Shingles, Etc.— This business was established by Mr. Isaac Daro over twenty-five years ago, and he was succeeded by Mr. James Knapp in 1884. The present proprietor succeeded to the control in 1885, and has since conducted the busi- ness in a highly successful manner. He enjoys the most intimate relations with manufacturers in the principal lumber producing re- gions, and advantages are given to patrons, both in terms and prices, that would with difficulty be found elsewhere. Every facil- ity is enjoyed for the prompt shipment and delivery of goods and for storage purposes. He has a fine office on Center Street, and the spacious yards are conveniently located on Seminary Street. The stock comprises sash, dooi-s, blinds, and an extended line of wood- work, the character of which is familiar to those in interest, includ- ing as it does all the standard articles demanded by the carpenter, contractor, builder and others. These are found here in great quan- tity and variety, the best selected materials having been utilized in every case, and only reliable and first-class goods are ever offered for sale. An immense stock of lumber of all descriptions, lath, shingles, etc., is carried, a good assortment of all grades and dimen- sions being on hand at all times. The extraordinary facilities and resources of the concern enable it to place its goods on the market at lower prices than could be afforded by other establishments less favorably situated. Mr. Qipson is a native of Salisbury and came to Brandon in 1871. He was engaged in mercantile business for nine years previous to establishing this business. He is a member of the F. and A. M. and has been selectman for three years. He is the present representative in the state legislature from this place. F. TW. HUDSON, Dentist, Briggs Block.— Prominent among the leading dentists of Brandon, maintaining a very enviable and widespread reputation for superior productions and skill, is Dr. F. W. Hudson. He has had a practical experience, covering a period of fifteen years, and came to this place from Blassachusetts, where he had formerly been in business, and in 1883 he established this en- terprise in Brandon which at once developed a verf large and infiu- ential patronage, derived principally from among our most intelli- gent and influential citizens, and having performed some of the most difficult operations in dental surgery he has won a reputation for thorough skill and professional ability, which places him among the foremost dentists of the state. His office, reception and operat- ing rooms are of easy access and very attractively appointed, while in the operating room and laboratory will be found all the latest im- proved scientific devices and mechanical appliances known to the profession for placing the patient at ease while undergoing treat- ment, and the different preparations of anassthetics and obtundents, etc., for the alleviation of pain during extraction or filling of teeth have proved in his hands a great success. Extraneous matter re- moved from the teeth, and diseased gums receive skilful and success- ful treatment, while the teeth of children are filled, straightened and properly trained in their growth. His artificial work is of the high- est character, and teeth are made and inserted either singly or in sets under the very latest improved methods either on gold, silver, aluminum, porcelain or vulcanized plates, or by the bridging and crown processes. Of this latter work he has made a successful spe- cialty. Prices are exceedingly reasonable. Engagements are met promptly and polite and intelligent assistants are in constant atten- dance. Dr. Hudson is a member of the Vermont State Dental Asso- ciation, an Odd Fellow and a member of the Sons of Veterans. Within the last year his business has increased to such an extent that he has found it necessary to obtain the assistance of a compe- tent practitioner in the person of C. K. Huntley, D.M.D., a graduate of Harvard University, one of the oldest and most reliable dental schools of the world. Dr. Huntley has had nearly ten years of expe- rience in practical office and college work, and we bespeak for him a most successful career in his connection with this well established office. BRANDON, VERMONT. 83 FIRST NATIONAIi BANK OF BRANDOIV, Hon. N. T. Sprague, President, F. E. Briggs, Cashier.— The history of the First National Bank of Brandon verifies the well-established fact that a great financial institution, having men of conservative char- acteristics and sound judgment at the helm must surely become successful and prosperous. This bank was incorporated in 1861, and has a paid up capital of $150,000. Its president, Hon. Nathan T. Sprague of Brooklyn, N. Y., was born in Brandon, a son of the first president of the bank, and was for years a prominent citizen of the town; representing it in the state legislature, and elected by the county as a member of the state senate ; while he was ever promi- nent in every good word and work for the promotion of the welfare and prosperity of the village. In 1880 he removed to Brooklyn, and there organized the Sprague National Bank, of which he is presi- dent, and is also president of the Brooklyn Elevated Railway Com- pany. The vice-president, Hon. Volney Ross, is a retired merchant, has been a member of the state legislature and long prominent in local affairs. The cashier, Mr. F. E. Briggs, is a native of Brandon, a representative in the state legislature of 1884, and has served as town treasurer for a number of years, being recognized in banking and business circles as an expert financier and a safe, reliable young business man. The First National does a regular legitimate banking business in deposits, loans, collections and exchange; receives ac- counts of banks, bankers, manufacturers, merchants and others on the most favorable terms; remits collections at the lowest rates, and renders thorough satisfaction to all its customers. Swinging a heavy capital, controlled by founders and promoters of unques- tioned integrity and long-proved ability, it has not only proved a pillar of strength in time of great financial necessity and fear, but has upheld and fostered the material interests of the entire manu- facturing and mercantile community. A bank so long established and having gone so far in its career with ever-growing success, is of course, an assured permanency, but there is more than mere " solidity," as the word goes, which has contributed to its prosperity and popularity. Although founded upon a rock, it has each twelve months been raised above the level of the year before. It is not per- vaded with " old fogyism," but has in every particular kept abreast of the times. Its management has ever been characterized by that spirit of cautious enterprise and vigorous conservatism which marks out new paths and follows them surely. These are among the great factors that produce a sound and healthy bank. The most convinc- ing proof, however, is shown by the fact that, with a capital of $150,000, it has ^accumulated a surplus of $100,000, with undivided profits of $8,330.93, which is a showing hard to match. BRANDOIV ITAIilAN mARBIiE COMPANY, Quarry, Mill and Office on Central Vermont Railroad, One Mile South of Brandon and Fifteen Miles North of Rutland.— Limestone and white marble are plentiful in the United States, particularly in Vermont, western Massachusetts, etc. American marbles were first used in making busts in Philadelphia in 1804. The Rutland quarries now supply statuary marbles which in whiteness, texture and purity rival the celebrated marble of Carrara. Several of the statues designed for the interior of the Capitol at Washington and for other public buildings in other parts of the country are from this marble. The working of the Vermont quarries have extended some forty years, but the greatest development has taken place in the last twenty-five years. Some of the finest American variegated marbles are from these quarries. A well-known and prominent company engaged in quarrying marble in Brandon is the Brandon Italian Marble Com- pany, a corporation organized in May, 1887, under the laws of the state of Vermont, that purchased the property and business of the Mutual Marble Company, a partnership established in 1885 and com- posed of some of the owners of the present company, under the present name, in 1887. They own a large quarry and give employ- ment to about fifty or sixty men in quarry, mill and yard. They have steam drills, diamond and steel gang channeling machinery and all the latest improved machinery. Their extensive mills at the quarries are 120 feet in length and contain twelve large gangs of saws. Marble taken from the quarries is sawed into shape for finish- ing, but no finishing is done here. They have an engine of 100 horse- power and two boilers of 80 horse-power each. This company have the finest stock of marble in Brandon and its trade extends over the whole United States. The growth since the establishment of this company in producing marble direct from this magnificently managed quarry has been something that marks an epoch in the marble business, and has given to Vermont one of her noblest indus- tries. Mr. J. P. Upham, the president of the company, is a resident of Claremont, N. H. and is president of the SuUivan Machine Com- pany of that place. Mr. J. D. Upham, son of the president, is a resi- dent of Brandon and is treasurer of the company. The business of the company is one of great volume and is increasing annually in extent. JAMES li. CAHEE, Market and Grist Mill, Conant Square. — We could perhaps no better serve a large number of our readers than by calling their attention to the old established and flourish- ing business of Mr. James L. Cahee, the well-known proprietor of a meat market and grist mill located on Conant Square. The mill is noted as being the first mill built in Brandon, Mr. John Conant being the first proprietor. The mill is a two-story structure supplied with abundant water power, and having four run of stone, five water wheels and a large elevator. It has a capacity for six hun- dred bushels of grain per day. The mill came into the hands of the present proprietor in 1869, who has since conducted the business with marked success. Probably no dealer in flour and grain is better or more favorably known, or is regarded as more trustworthy and experienced than Mr. Cahee. He handles the best qualities of bran, oats, mill feed and family flour, all of which are received direct from the producer in large invoices, and at advantageous rates. The characteristics which regulate the business policy of this house are such as to entitle it to universal consideration, while its ample resources and facilities enable the proprietor to com- plete with any similar house in town. A large wholesale and retail trade has been established which is constantly increasing. Mr. Cahee is also the proprietor of a meat market which he estab- lished in 1874. He employs a force of help in this branch of his busi- ness, sufficiently large to meet the demands of the trade and all orders receive prompt attention and goods are delivered free of extra charge. The market is handsomely fitted up with marble counters, and all conveniences for the storing and preservation of meats. He also keeps a large stock of canned goods, fresh butter, and lard. Mr. Cahee has been a resident of this town the past sixty years, has held the office of selectman six years, and is a member of the F. and A. M. Everyone desiring goods in his line will find Mr. Cahee a most honorable and pleasant gentleman with whom to have dealings. E. B. HENDRY, Livery Stable, Park Street.— Mr. Hendry is a native of this town, and having a vride range of experience among horses, and thoroughly familiar with their requirements and treat- ment, he inaugurated this enterprise on his own responsibility in Forestdale, this town, in 1878, and at once developed a very large and influential trade, which increased to such proportions that in or- der to meet its demands, he removed to the present location in 1887, where he enjoys better facilities. His stable is of ample dimensions, admirably arranged, and fitted up with every conveni- ence to meet all requirements. It is well lighted, ventilated, and thor- oughly drained, and has ample accommodations for a large number of animals. Horses are taken to board by the day, week or month, and when left in his charge, they receive most careful treatment at the hands of experienced grooms, while the provender is of the very best quality, and bountifully supplied. He also keeps a fine assort- ment of splendid horses, gentle, stylish, good roadsters, and reliable; also a good supply of single and double carriages, top and open bug- gies, Ught wagons, single and double sleighs, which can be hired at all hours of the day or night for business or pleasure, with or with- out drivers, on the most reasonable terms. A specialty is made of turnouts, for funerals, weddings, balls, parties, excursions, sleighing trips, etc., and the service furnished is ahvays first class. He also conducts the sale and exchange of horses, carriages, etc., on the most liberal terms, and upon the most honorable conditions. Mr. Hendry is a very pleasant and popular man, reliable and prompt, and is a highly respected member of the G. A. R. Department of Ver- mont, having enlisted and served for four years and seven months as first lieutenant of Company B, Seventh Regiment Vermont Volun- teer Infantry, during the war of the Rebellion. 84 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF OEIORGE: a. CROSSMAN, Druggist, Center Street.— No department of business is of more direct value and importance to the community at large, than that in which the practical pharmacist brings to bear his professional skill and experience. In this connec- tion special direction is directed to the establishment of George A. Crossman. This concern has been in existence since 1861, when it was founded by R. Forbes. He sold out to Mr. Crossman in 1879; since 1865 the location of the house has been on the present site. The premises comprise a spacious floor, 35 x 75 feet in dimensions, with excellent basement facilities. Four assistants are employed all told. Here is always to be found a complete stock of pure, fresh drugs and chemicals, all the reliable and standard family medicines, and proprietary remedies and the Jatest novelties in perfumery, toilet articles and fancy goods of both domestic and foreign produc- tion. The goods are selected with scrupulous care and experienced judgment, and can be relied upon as the best the market affords. The prescription department is perfect in evei-y particular, being fully supplied with the latest improved apparatus and appliances known to this important branch, and is presided over by Mr. Crossman In person, whose experience and ability thoroughly qualify him for compounding physicians' prescriptions and family recipes in a care- ful and accurate manner. Mr. Crossman is a native of Massachu- setts and removed to Brandon in 1868. He is highly respected here and is a member of the Massachusetts college of pharmacy, a thirty- second degree Mason, as well as an Odd Fellow in high standing. CHARIiSS H. ROSS, Boots and Shoes, Main Street.— Among the attractive business establishments of this busy trade center will be found that of Mr. Charles H. Ross. The business is one of the oldest established in this vicinity, enjoying a long and prosperous career, and commanding a permanent trade of wide and extensive proportions. The house, during its long and successful career, has undergone the usual phases incidental to the life of a leading busi- ness concern. It was first established in 1842 by V. Ross. In 1850, he admitted E. Ross as his business associate; in 1863, the house be- came Ross & Pitts, and in 1869 Charles Ross purchased his father's interest, and the firm remained Ross & Pitts; the next change was in 1873, when the firm style was changed to Ross, Pitts & Co. ; in 1876, Ross, Pitts & Copeland; in 1879, C. H. Ross & Co. became pro- prietors, and continued so until the present year, when Mr. Ross as- sumed sole control. The premises occupied comprise two spacious floor rooms, each 30 x 70 feet in dimensions, fitted up in a very ap- propriate and complete manner for facilitating the operations of the house. The stock carried embraces a wide variety of many grades and qualities of boot^, shoes, slippers and kindred goods; carpets of foreign and domestic importation, glassware, crockery, wall papers of rich design and varied colors, and a large supply of lamps and lamp goods of every description. The goods are attractively dis- played, and the several stocks are kept replenished from time to time, as occasion demands, with new and seasonable goods. Mr. Ross is a native of Brandon, and movas in the best circles here. He is very much respected in this community, and is an honored mem- ber of F. and A. M. WARREN F. BALIiOlJ, Briggs' Block.— The old theory that clothes do not make the man has long ago been exploded. Good clothes and well dressed men are air '^•'g the first requisites that a man is expected to possess, when he pays a business call to another person. If he is not dressed well, his visit loses half of its force. The tailor of to-day is fully able to meet all of these require- ments. A most successful tailor is found in Mr. Warren F. Ballou, of Briggs' Block, in Brandon. Though this business has been re- cently established, in 1890, Mr. Ballou is recognized as the leading tailor in Brandon. He occupies large and neat rooms in the new handsome Briggs' Block, and devotes his time to the making of cus- tom suits, dress suits, coats, trousers, waistcoats, top and great coats for the leading gentlemen of Brandon and vicinity. Mr. Ballou is a native of Walpole, N. H., and came to Brandon in 1890. He has proven himself a practical and most accomplished tailor, an excel- lent cutter and fitter, has artistic taste and style, makes his suits out of the best material, and trims them with the richest fabrics and lin- ings. Mr. Ballou has given his personal attention to the business, and by constant application, has arrived at a most satisfactory stage of success. He has had twenty-five years' experience in various parts of the state, is an upright, honorable business man, and a so- cial favorite. C. W. BRICtOS, Hardware, Center Street.— Some of the old- est houses of business in the state of Vermont are found in Brandon, which at the same time is proud to say that she has some of the most clever moichants in New England. The name of Mr. C. W. Briggs may be found in this list. He is a reliable, successful, hard- ware merchant, who, after three years of individual business experi- ence, and many more years of co-partnership duties, stands at the head of his calling. He is one of the Briggs Bros., who succeeded W. Marshall in 1867, the business having first been established in Ifrl.'j. Mr. C. W. Briggs became sole proprietor in 1887. He has three floors, 30 X 75 feet, stocked with everything known to the retail hardware trade, and employs four able and willing clerks. A specialty is the repairing of hardware and tinware. He sells Andes stoves, ranges, kitchen furnishings, furnaces, stove ware, kettles, boilers, pans, iron goods used in housekeeping, tinware, pans, tea-kettles, basins, etc., tools of all sorts, for carpenters, blacksmiths, and carriage builders; builders' supplies, nails, bolts, screws, hinges, glass, putty and oils. Mr. Briggs carries only the best of stock, and deals with all men in an upright and loyal manner. He stands high in business, public and social life, is a native of Salisbury, Vt., a member of the F. and A. M., and holds the high public office of selectman and poor master. C. E. SA VERY, Fine Groceries.- While it is to be said of Eng land that her people are a race of shopkeepers, it is said that the Americans are a race of merchants, a distinction with perliaps little difference as to results, but the Americans have a more refined way of going about it. The merchants of Brandon are among her high- est people, notable among the number being Mr. C. E. Savery, dealer in choice family groceries and table luxuries. His business was originally established by Kingsley & Savery, succeeded by F. W. Savery & Son ; and in 1885, Mr. C. E. Savery became the sole proprie- tor. He occupies a floor, 20x75 feet, elegantly stocked from one end to the other with the choicest of goods. His customers come from the first families, while he delivers all orders, his business being done strictly on a cash basis. He sells fine teas, coffees, sugar, spices, flour, butter, eggs, fresh country produce, cheese, vegetables, fruits of all kinds, apples, pears, grapes, peaches, oranges, lemons, pineapples, table delicacies, canned fruits, preserves, pickles, dried fruits, the finest desserts, such as nuts, olives, dressings, etc. Mr. Savery's store is the popular headquarters for all goods that are used upon the tables of the first families. He makes it his particular duty to see that everything supplied is of the purest quality, and worthy of his name as a merchant. Mr. Savery had a careful train- ing for a mercantile career, having been a salesman in a Brand(>i) dry goods house for a number of years, before embarking in busiKess independently. He is an honorable man of affairs, popular in public and social circles, and an active member of the I. O. O. F. and Ma- sonic fraternities. He was born in Salisbury, Vt. D. F. SEXTON, Jewelers' Supplies, Center Street.— Some of the largest houses engaged in this line are found in New England. Brandon with pride claiming an extensive dealer in Mr. D. F. Sexton. His is a very old trade, and is now located on Center Street, the busi- ness having been established in 1868 by Sexton & Whitiker. In 1870. the firm was succeeded by D. F. Sexton; in 1888 it became Sexton & Briggs, and in 1890, Mr. D. F. Sexton became the sole proprietor. He deals in watches, chains, diamonds, silver and plated ware, spec- tacles, eye glasses, sewing machines, oils, etc., and gives prompt at- tention to the repairing of watches and sewing machines. Mr. Sexton's premises include an entire fioor, heavily stocked with goods for the retail trade. He has one of the most handsome and attrac- tive stores in this city, and makes a beautiful show case and window display of his goods. He carries every make of gold and silver watches, key and stem winders, chains of all patterns, rings, brace- lets, diamond jewelry, rings, brooches and ear rings, sleeve, collar and cuff buttons and links in gold and silver, all of the precious stones, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, garnets, pearls, etc., gold and metal spectacles, and ladies' and gentlemen's ornaments of every description. He handles every make of sewing machines, and guar- antees satisfaction. The quality of his goods is the best that can be found in gold, silver and diamonds. He was engaged in the jewelry business twelve years in the southern part of the state, and is also interested in real estate in the west. He came to this city in 186.S from Whiting. His native place is Orwell. BRANDON, VERMONT, 85 FRANK H. GRimES, Photographer, Main Street.— One of the best known and most popular galleries in this city will be found in the Paige Block, owned and managed by Mr. Frank H. Orimes. The business was established in 1870, by J. P. Games, and has passed through several changes in proprietorship since then. It has been successively conducted by S. Capen, S. S. Smith, J. and G. L. Parker, J. O. Philips, A. E. G. Fuller, and finally Mr. Grimes assumed control last year. The spacious gallery, studio and recep- tion rooms, comprising six apartments in all on the second floor, are tastefully arranged, finely furnished and fitted up with all the latest improved apparatus and appliances for making pictures. Besides being a first-class photographer for every variety of pictures, Mr. Grimes also makes a si)ecialty of crayon portraits, oil portraits, water colors and India ink work. Mr. Grimes is a thoroughly expe- rienced and expert photographer, and is prepared to do work of every description in his line in the very best style and at the lowest prices, perfect satisfaction being warranted and first-class work assured. Mr. Grimes is a native of New York and came to Vermont in 1863. He was formerly engaged in the same line of business in Rutland for two years, and enjoys a wide-spread reputation both in commercial and social circles. CARR & SON, Contractors and Builders.— No trade is of greater importance in city or country than that of the carpenter and builder, and in this line, the firm of Messrs. Carr & Sons, takes front rank. The business was originally established in 1863, and its history from its inception has been one of continued success. A large force of men are constantly employed and many large and handsome business blocks and elegant private residences have been built by them in different parts of the state. They make a specialty of mov- ing buildings, and have a large practice in this line all through New England. All their work is done in the most thorough and complete manner. They adhere strictly to specifications, and have achieved an enviable reputation among the leading architects, real estate men and private property owners. The members of the firm are noted for their practical skill and experience, and have every facility at command and old established influential connections. The individ- ual members of the firm, Messrs. C. W., E. G., W. C. and B. A. Carr are all natives of Brandon. Mr. C. W. Carr was four years in the 4th Vermont regiment during the late war and was ten months in several different prisons. He is a member of the F. and A. M. and the G. A. R. Mr. E. G. Carr is a member of the G. A. R. and served nine months in Company G, 12th Vermont regiment. Mr. B. A. Carr is a member of the Sons of veterans and is first lieutenant of the National Guard. All four gentlemen are enterprising, possessed of excellent business qualities and are highly respected in social and business circles. OEO. RRIGGS, Insurance, Center Street. — This popular and enterprising gentleman is well known throughout the entire state and has occupied several important public positions, some of which he fills at the present writing. Graduating at Hobart College, New York State, class of '66, he established himself here in this line of business in connection with that of attorney and counsellor at law, and from the start has enjoyed a most substantial and influential patronage. He gives his personal attention to the various branches of his business, and is the authorized agent of such old and res- ponsible insurance companies as the ^tna, of Hartford, Conn. ; the Home Fire Insurance Co., of New York; the Insurance Co., of North America; the Phcenix, of Hartford, Conn., the Niagara, of New York; the Vermont Mutual; the Northern, of London, etc. He is prepared to place risks to any amount on insurable properties in any of the foregoing companies at the lowest rates consistent with absolute security, and all damages are promptly adjusted and paid without any legal complications. In addition to his legal and insur- ance business he is a director of the National Life Insurance Co., of Montpeher; a director of the Rutland Savings Bank; a director of the Vermont JIutual Fire Insurance Co., and Vermont Investment and Guarantee Co., of Orwell, Vt. He has been town clerk for a quarter of a century, clerk of the Fire Department for twenty -nine years, and treasurer of the Cemetery Association for twenty years, and in addition to these important duties was a member of the legis- lature representing Brandon in 1880, and a member of the State Sen- ate in 1888. MANCHESTER & SPOONKR, Druggists, Park Street.— The inception of this relialile enterprise occurred some forty years ago, the founder being C. L. Case; after him came the following proprietors in successive order: Case & Lyman, 1859; Case & Ciieney, 1869; C. L. Case, 1872; C. A. Nott. 1875; C. S. Boynton, 1877; Boynton & Manchester, 1879; F. N. Manchester, 1884, and finally in 1888, Manchester & Spooner. The premises are of a very spacious and complete character, and the stock carried includes a full and complete assortment of drugs and chemicals, while in addi- tion is carried an infinite variety of toilet articles, fancy articles, sur- gical instruments, etc. The other department of the business embraces a varied stock of choice confectionery of foreign and domestic importation. The prescription department of the house is first class in every particular, and physicians' prescriptions and family recipes are compounded in a careful and accurate manner by experienced pharmacists. Mr. Manchester was born at Hubbard- town in 1850, and has lived in Brandon since 1871 ; he following book- keeping for five years and is an active member of the Slasons and K. T. Mr. T. C, Spoonei- was born at Sudbury, and formerly clerked in both drug stores in Brandon. He is also an honored member of F. and A. M. and K. T. Both gentlemen are highly esteemed here. EDWARD IV. RRIOGS, Jeweler, Park Street.— A leading and prosperous establishment in its particular branch of mercantile industry is that of Mr. Edward W. Briggs, watchmaker and jeweler. The business he is conducting was originally established by D. F. Sexton, in 1881 ; in 1886, the firm became Sexton & Briggs, and finally, some months ago, Mr. Briggs succeeded to sole ownership. The spacious store is elegantly fitted up with handsome counters, show cases and shelving, on and in which is displayed the valuable and well selected stock carried, embracing a fine assortment of watches, chains, diamonds and other precious stones, silver and plated ware, spectacles, eye glasses, clocks, and fine jewelry of evei-y description. A feature of the business is a fine stock of sewing machines and sup- plies, such as oils, etc. The house makes a specialty in fine watch and jewelry repairing, also sewing machine repairing, and com- mands a trade of wide and extensive proportions. Mr. Briggs was born in Salisbury, but has always lived in Brandon. He is rated as one of the city's enterprising and respected merchants and honored citizens. F. W. JOHNSON, Livery, Main Street.— This business was established by the present proprietor in 1889 and has from its incep- tion pursued an increasingly successful career. The building occu- pied is equipped with every modem convenience applicable to the enterprise. The stalls are models of cleanliness and order and a suitable force of experienced grooms look after every detail of the work. Seventeen horses are kept for hire, and a full line of car- riages, buggies, surreys and other vehicles is kept constantly on hand, and orders for weddings, entertainments, funerals and other occasions are filled in the most satisfactory manner. Every descrip- tion of rigs for pleasure riding can be obtained here; single, double, four horse teams can be furnished at all times. He always keeps convenient conveyances for commercial travelers, and employs only the most careful and trustworthy drivers. Mr. Johnson has always been a farmer, and is a native of Vermont. H. S. RUTTLiES, Restaurant.— A leading enterprise of the city and one worthy of the highest consideration in a work of this character is the elegantly appointed restaurant conducted by Mr. H. S. Buttles. Mr. Buttles is a native of Brandon, and has seen con- siderable of life in both a business and social way. He served eleven months during the war in the Twelfth Vermont Regiment, and is an honored member of the G. A. R., being at present commander of one of the local posts. He was engaged in the shoe trade in Troy, N. Y. for many years and also conducted a livery stable for six years. The restaurant he is conducting at present was established in 1870. The dining-room is a large, finely arranged hall, hand- somely appointed with all the necessary paraphernalia. The culi- nary department is in charge of competent and skilful chefs, and the menu served is always in the highest style of this art, and meals at this establishment are appetizingly and temptingly served in every instance. Mr. Buttles has a large local patronage and a most ex tensive transient trade, and is highly esteemed in all circles. 86 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF BRANDON, VERJVIONT. J. E. GRAVES & CO., Grocers, Center Street.— Messrs. J. E. Graves & Co. established their business in 1883, and now have two floors heavily stocked with goods of the highest grade, including fine groceries, etc. They sell all kinds of teas, coffee, spices, sugar, flour, breadstuffs, biscuits, confections, sweets, bon-bons, caramels, fruits, apples, oranges, lemons, cherries, pears, peaches, canned, preserved, pickled and dried fruits and goods of all kinds; also a full and heavy line of the best grades of cigare, Havana, Key West, etc. ; tobacco, smoking, chewing, plug, cut plug, long cut, perique, Turkish; also pipes, boxes, pouches, holders, and all of the notions that lend de- light to the heart of the smoker. Mr. Graves is a native of Sahsbury, Vt., bom in 1838. He has had a wide life experience. During the war he was a railway conductor in Tennessee. He has been a con- ductor flve years in the southern and western states, and then went to Chicago, 111., where he carried on a grocer's business. Mr. Graves is an honorable man, and carries only the best goods and keeps his store neat and attractive. J* C. WHEEIiER, Agricultural Implements and Carriages, Center Street. — Mr. J. C. Wheeler established his agricultural de- partment in 1880, adding carriages in 1885. He has a floor, large and roomy, filled with farm implements, plows, harrows, cultivators, sowing and mowing machines, reapers, scythes, rakes, forks, spades, shoes, farm yard utensils, and every improvement known to the mod- ern agriculturist. He deals in every, kind of carriages, landaus, Vic- torias, buggies, buck boards, dog carts, light rigs, sulkies, etc., and manufactures both light and heavy harness of all kinds. Mr. Wheeler is a complete master of his business, and has gained the confidence of his patrons, many of them being farmers, by dint of close application to business and honorable commercial methods. His policy is conservative and true to business integrity. Not alone is Mr. Wheeler a merchant, but a practical agriculturist as well, own- ing a farm in the town of Sudbury, where he was born. He is there- fore in position, from personal experience, to know precisely what sort of implements are best suited to farm use. He is a gentleman of enterprise, influential in public affairs, a respected citizen, and an active member of the F. and A. M. JOHN li. KNIGHT, Grocer, Center Street.— A prosperous and flourishing house in its important branch of commercial activity in this city is that of John L. Knight, grocer and provision dealer, on Center Street. He commenced the business in 1887, occupying at flrst a moderate sized store on the opposite side of the street. As time advanced, however, the business increased to such proportions that newer and larger accommodations became an imperative ne- cessity, and early this year Mr. Knight moved into and occupied the handsome and spacious stores, 22 x 75 feet in dimensions, in the magnificent Briggs' Block, the finest business structure in town. The generally complete appointments here noted embrace all requisite conveniences for the advantageous handling and display of the large and carefully selected stock. This is the recognized head- quarters for everything in the fancy and staple groceries line, as well as special sundries in holiday and canned goods, whilst also handling choice family groceries, flour, provisions, pure teas, coffees, etc. Teas and coffees are a leading specialty and embrace the choicest imported brands. Two polite salespeople are steadily employed, and a wagon used for delivering goods. Mr. Knight is a native of this city and is one of our most honored and esteemed citizens and businessmen. He was for nine years postmaster of Brandon and belongs to the Masonic order. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF FAIR HAVEN. " AIR HAVEN is located in the western part of Rutland County, the township border- ing New York State. Fair Haven was granted a charter at Manchester, N. H., "^ October 27, 1779. The grant was made in consideration of ^^^6930 and signed at Arlington, by Gov. Thomas Chittenden, April 26, 1782. The first deed of land was made at Manchester, the same day with the grant, by Zadoc Everest, then of Manches- ter, to Elisha Hamilton of Tinmouth, both proprietors. The village of Fair Haven was first laid out and established December 21, 1820, under a general law of the state, by Isaac Cutler, John P. Colburn and Harvey Church, selectmen of the town at the time. We do not learn that any other action in reference to a village than a formal survey was taken by the citizens of Fair Haven until the fall of 1865, when the Legislature passed an act of incorporation, erecting a tract of one square mile into a corporate village ; and the inhabitants of the same, at a meeting held in the hall over Adams' store, December 4, 1865, by a vote of 71 to 52, adopted the charter; and the village has since annually, at the meeting on the first Monday in December, elected its board of officers. THE SLATE BUSINESS. The business of quarrying slate in Western Vermont was begun in this town by Alonson Allen and Caleb B. Ranney, in the fall of 1839, °" the ledge which is nearly in front of Mr. Ranney's dwelling house, where in 1837 a Boston company was working. The opening was begun with a view to finding school slates ; but the material proving too hard for that purpose, the enterprise was suspended, . or temporarily abandoned. In 1845, Alonson Allen, however, having perfected machinery for the manufacturing of ciphering slates, opened a quarry on the land of Oliver Proctor, from which he was able, during the next three years to produce a large amount of ciphering slates beside several lots of roofing slate which were made about 1847 ; the first lot being taken to Whitehall and used on a house there. The first roof cov- ered with slate in Fair Haven was that of the horse-barn and shed of Mr. Jefferson Barnes. Slate was laid on the depot in 1850. In 1867 the "Union Slate Company" was formed and the manufacture of slate mantels, billiard table beds, tile, etc. was commenced. The business of marbleizing slate was begun in town in 1859, by James Coulman and Ryland Hanger. Fair Haven is now the leading slate producing town in the state, and to its vast quarries, and to the manufacture of slate taken therefrom. Fair Haven owes its principal wealth. Indeed the Fair Haven slate deposit contains some of the finest and most lucrative slate quarries in the coun- try. It has various colors, such as greenish, reddish brown, and what is generally called "slate color," chocolate, mottled, bright red, and bluish gray. FAIR HAVEN is beautifully situated in the southern part of the town on Castleton River, which affords fine mill privileges. The village contains seven churches; viz: the Baptist, Congregational, Metho- dist, Roman Catholic, French Catholic, Welsh, Presbyterian, and Welsh Congregational. It has 88 INDUSTRIES AXD WEALTH OF FAIR HAVEN, VEKMONT. 89 two first-class hotels, has about two thousand inhabitants, and taken all in all, is one of the most thriving as well as beautiful villages of its size in the state. In the center of the village is a fine park containing about six acres, filled with fine maple shade trees. From this park the principal streets of the village diverge, and around it are situated some of the finest resi- dences of the town. The land included within the park was given to the town in. October, 1798, by Col. Matthew Lyon, "for the friendship of the town of Fair Haven." The town has an admirable water supply, the water being brought by means of large, iron pipes from Inman Pond, located about three miles north of the village, a natural reservoir of pure, cold, spring water, affording a. head of 207 feet. The village supports two newspapers, published weekly, viz : the Era, published by J. E. Harris, and the Record, published by the Record Company. It has two banks: the National Bank of Fair Haven and the Allen National, the former hav- ing a capital stock of $100,000 and the latter of $50,000. The town possesses excellent edu- cational advantages ; in fact, the thorough instruction, and wide range of educational advantages presented by the school system of Fair Haven have made themselves felt not only in the char- acter and talent of her native citizens who have gone forth from her institutions as representa- tive men, but have also, materially added to the attractions of the village as a place of resi- dence. Fair Haven is distinguished for its manufactories, notably articles made of slate ; carriages are also manufactured here, and boots and shoes, oil safes and refrigerators, wooden mallets and croquet sets, and brick. There is a printing company established here, also a large creamery. The transportation facilities of the town are in all respects adequate. The Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad which passes through the town, connects with all the main trunk lines intersecting the country from east to west. The situation of this enterprising vil- lage on the score of eligibility successfully challenges comparison. Its immediate surroundings are most, picturesque and beautiful, while it is safe to say that no healthier place can be found in the state, while its location in the midst of the noted slate and marble regions of the state are important factors in its material growth and prosperity. There was a movement made as early as 1799 for the establishment of a library society, and in 1826 an association was formed consisting of one hundred shares at $2.00 per share, and several hundred volumes were purchased, some of which were kept for many years as evidences of the literary tastes displayed by the early settlers. An agricultural library of one hundred volumes including a set of Appleton's new American Cyclopedia was established in 1863, by an association of thirty-six share-holders, who paid each $5.00 per share. This library contained many valuable scientific books. The "Slater's Guide," published in 1856, a table for the computation of roofing slate and was the first book mentioned in history printed in town. Agriculture held the attention of the people of Fair Haven until about 1839, when the first slate quarry was opened and from the development of this industry the growth and prosperity of this thriving village is due. AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE it possesses all the elements of accessibility, health, educational facilities, and social and relig- ious advantages in the highest degree. It has many points of interest for the business man, the manufacturer, the capitalist, the traveler, and the historian. The manufacturing facilities are as complete as they can be made. The quarries and shops connected therewith give em- ployment to a large number of skilled laborers, receiving good wages; indeed, the people are as a rule, of the better class to be found in New England villages, being composed largely of industrious artisans, while the business men and capitalists are enterprising and large spirited in contributing to the growth and prosperity of the village. Fair Haven's manufactures are rap- idly growing, and a splendid field is afforded for the capitalist seeking an opportunity to invest and increase his wealth, while the natural and created facilities possessed by the village for promoting the increase of manufactures and trade will in time be seen by capitalists elsewhere. 90 INDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF FAIR HAVEN MARBL.E: AND MARBIiElZKD SLATE CO.— To few features of interior decorations does more interest attach in the beautiful and artistic in household sur- roundings than to attractive mantels, the advance made in the production of slate and marble within comparatively recent years being at once notable and gratifying. Among those who have made a reputation in this line in Fair Haven is The Fair Haven Marble and Marbleized Slate Co., whose products maintain a uniformly high stand- ard of excellence, being not, in fact, surpas.sed in design and execution by any of the kind in this country. This enterprise was first started under the name of R. Hangers Slate Works and the present com- pany was formed and incorporated under the laws of this state in 1886. They do not handle marble to any extent, although they own quarries that are not in operation. What marble they do use is purchased from other quarries. The slate mill owned and operated by the company is a large one, being 95 by 100 feet in dimensions, and is admirably equipped with all the latest improved machinery for manufacturing slate. A large amount of work is done here but the company let out by contract a great share of their work; about twenty-five men are constantly employed and everything in the line of slate goods is manufactured by this company. The mill is sup- plied with water power and a large engine for use when the water is low. They have a three-story finishing mill 75 by 150 feet in dimen- sions where thirty-five men find employment. They own a side track on the Delaware and Hudson R. R. and goods are shipped to all parts of the United States, Canada, South America, Australia, England and China, and they have agents in all the principal cities of the United States and in London. In no single year since the commencement of the manufacture of marbleized slate mantels, have as many new features, embodying novelty and beauty, without sacrificing utility and durability, been given to the public, as in this season herein shovrn. Nothing is sacrificed to utility, the cheapest mantel is as thoroughly made in every particular as the costliest. Mantel making, particularly those marvelous natural imi- tations of many of the rare and most costly marble, brought from all countries and climes, is justly classed with the fine arts. Time shows them to retain their original finish and purity, better even than most marbles. They are not susceptible of stains from coal gas, acids, oils, liquors, coloring from brickwork arising from dampness in chimney, or other causes. Nothing in all the modern outfittings of a dwelling contributes more largely to its cheerfulness and the health of its occupants, than a glowing fire upon the grate. Even when used as furniture and for ventilation, mantels with frames and summer fronts are becoming indispensable. Oneof the later products of this very enterprising house is church altars. Of these they show a line of most artistic and in many instances, elab- orate designs ranging in cost from $100 to $3,000. Only a house posses- sing the largest resources, both as relates to means and ability could successfully make and distribute goods of this class. The superior- ity of marbleized slate mantels over marble has been set forth above and the same will apply to those made of wood, as the slate will not crack, shrink or ignite from the heat. They are susceptible of a better finish and more durable than those produced in iron. As it costs far less to bring out new patterns, customers may expect to find fresher styles than those in iron. The following are the names of some of the wood and marble imitated: Lapis lazuli, Black and Gold, Light Spanish, Dark Spanish, Galway Green, Bricatilla, Gray Porphyry, Red Porphyry, Sienna Egyptian, Plymouth Black, Red Pyrenees, Green and mixed Pyrenees, Verd Antique, Veined Mala- chite, all kinds of Granite, Lumachella, Bomguard, Dark and Light Formosa, Terra Cotta, Black Walnut, Black Ash, Rose Wood, Oak and Mahogany. These are a few out of the sixty different kinds which they so successfully imitate. Their reproduction of that recently popularized and most elegant of all marbles, the Mexican Onyx is surprisingly truthful. Their success to bring it out is a surprise to all others in their line. Those wishing information more than our space will admit, should call upon or correspond with this widely known, responsible company. The treasurer of the company, Mr. F. E. Allen, is a native of Fair Haven, is one of the board of water commissioners, treasurer of Gentlemens' Driving Association, a member of the F. and A. M. of the K. T. and Mystic Slirine. Mr. E. L. Allen, the general manager, was born in Hartford N. Y., and is now a resident of Fair Haven. He represented the town in 1880, and was candidate for Governor on the prohibition ticket in 1890. Mr. Charles R. Allen the president of the company,, is cashier of Allen's National Bank of Fair Haven, is town treasurer, a member of F. and A. M., the 32d degree and of the K. T. Mr. E. L. Allen is a relative of the president and treasurer, who are brothers and the great success of this enterprise is largely due to his skilful management. QUO. DAIiRirmPIiE:, Foundry and Machine Shops, between First and Second Streets. The leading manufactory in this state of mining machinery of all kinds, hoisting engines, etc., is unquestion- ably the establishment of Mr. Geo. Dalrymple, proprietor of a foun- dry and machine shop at Fair Haven, who manufactures all kinds of machinery for working stone, slate and marbfe. He is the inven- tor, the proprietor, and manufacturer of Dalrymple's patent stone sawing gang, for sawing marble, granite, brown stone, soap stone, sand stone, etc., which is the most simple, durable, and effective stone sawing machine in use. The hold-down mechanism is an en- tirely new feature, operating on heavy cylindrical glide bars, and are strong and easily operated. The suspension rod journals are inclosed in housings containing oil, and are entirely protected from grit, water, etc. All journals are of generous proportions and nothing but the best material is employed in the construction of this gang. The feed motion is automatically adjustable to fast and slow sawing. He also manufactures Dalrymple's special improved lifting jacks, for stone yards, mills, quarries, foundries, machine shops, boiler makers, etc. These are unsurpassed for effectiveness, strength and durability. He also manufactures the Clogston stone sawing gang, Jlerriman's screw gangs, also rope and chain gangs, rubbing beds, withanti fric- tion discs, for step and spindle tile machines, wash rubbing ma- chines that can be used on any bed, improved discs for truing the face of rubbing beds, rubbing bed weights and tongs, derricks or cranes for rubbing beds. He also makes rubbing beds to order from four feet in diameter to four inches thick and bed plates whole or in sections as may be desired. Then for quarries, miners, etc., he manufactures steam hoisting powers, traveling derricks, mill trucks, dump cars, quarry boxes, iron boxes strongly ribbed in all sizes or made to order. Cheap horse-powers for light quarrying and mining and in fact everything needed in the stone business can be obtained here at most reasonable prices. This establishment has the finest facilities and the widest range of experience, which has been brought to bear in its operations and the goods put upon the market by Mr. Dalrymple have been conceded to be the most per- fect types of hoisting and mining machinery now in use. Special at- tention is given to repairs on engines and boilers and all work is done in a skilful manner at short notice and at reasonable prices. Mr. Dalrymple, though a native of Canada, has been a resident of Vermont for twenty years, and had years of experience in machine shops previous to the founding of this establishment. J. A. CARIPBELIi, Coal, Lime, Etc —A prosperous and prominent establishment in Fair Haven maintaining a most envia- ble reputation for handling A 1 commodities is that of Mr. J. A. Campbell, dealer in coal, lime, and cement, also express and team jobbing. Mr. Campbell is a native of this state and has been a resi- dent here for many years, and desirous of engaginig in business on his own account he inaugurated this enterprise in 1886, and at once developed a very large and substantial trade that is constantly in- creasing in volume and influence. The premises utilized are of am- ple dimensions, comprising a spacious coal yard and an elegantly appointed office situated on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, and provided with every convenience for the prompt receipt, rapid handling and proper storage of supplies, including standard tested Howe's scales and other facilities. The coal handled is received direct from the most celebrated mines in the anthracite and bituminous regions of Pennsylvania, and is noted for its uniform superiority of quality while the prices which prevail are the lowest in the market. His lime and cement are of the very best grades known to the building trade and are guaranteed to be as represented.. Mr. Campbell also does a very extensive express and teaming busi- ness and for this branch of his trade he has every facility at his com- mand for transporting all kinds of light and heavy merchandise, also household and fragile goods in the most careful and expeditious manner and at reasonable figures. Mr. Campbell is one of the or- ganizers of the Architectural Marble Company, whose quarries are in Brandon, capital $100,000, organized 1890. W. H. Lloyd is also interested in this enterprise. FAIR HAVEN, VERMONT. &1 GRIFFITH, OWEN & CO., Slate Manufacturers.— Among the leading firms engaged in the manufacture of slate goods in this state may be mentioned that of Griffith, Owen & Co., whose exten- sive works are known as The Scotch Hill Slate Works, and whose office is located on Main Street. The firm was established in 1876, and a quarry was purchased that had been developed by a Boston Slate Company. The quarry is located about two miles from the village of Fair Haven, and is fully equipped with all necessary ma- chinery operated by steam power. They have a mill at the quarry, 50 X 100 feet in dimensions, which has four circular saws, four plan- ers, one rubbing bed, one jointing machine, a drilling machine and band saw. They manufacture the stock ready to marbleize, which consists of slate goods of every description, including billiard beds, mantel stock, floor tiling, stair steps, school blackboards, hearths, roofing slate, etc. They produce ten thousand feet per month. Their trade, which is annually increasing, extends to all parts of the United States, and is largely in Boston, New York City and Chicago. All orders are filled promptly at most reasonable prices. Rare bar- gains are continually being offered, and parties desiring goods in their line will find it to their advantage to consult this popular, reli- able firm, before purchasing elsewhere. Mr. E. D. Humphrey, the secretary and treasurer, is a native of Wales, and came to America about thirty-eight years ago and has been a resident of Vermont for twenty-two years. Mr. William Owen is also a native of Wales, and has resided in Vermont thirty years. Mr. H. Owen is a native of Vermont and all three are now residents of Fair Haven, and are well known and esteemed in the community for their business ability and strict integrity. The firm are at all times entirely able to meet the most exacting requirements of architects, builders, house own- ers and dealers generally, and are universally popular and esteemed in the trade. The beautiful mantels manufactured from the slate of this quarry are much admired and embody every desirable fea- ture of those costing twice as much ; they have artistic beauty, sub- stantial strength and durability, and can be contracted for at prices that cannot be duplicated elsewhere. C. T. MAYNARD & CO., Manufacturers of Marble Machinery. — No one in the United States is a better recognized authority or brings to bear higher qualifications as an expert in marble and slate mill machinery than Mr. L. B. Clogston, the inventor of the patent gangs which bear his name. These gangs are manufactured by Messrs. C. T. Maynard & Co. of Fair Haven, and are built under the personal supervision of Mr. Clogston, the inventor, who is foreman of the works. Clogston's patent gangs are used for sawing marble, slate and other stone. The feed and hold-down works are peculiarly simple, consisting of the least possible machinery, which will do the work effectively and keep in order with little cost and care. The feed is automatic, and adjustable to fast or slow sawing according to density of the material to be cut. Steel clutches follow the saw- gang frame on slide bars at the four corners, holding the saws firmly to their work, whether it be much or little, and thus avoid the pounding, noise and wear which attend the use of long screws and nuts or other devices heretofore used. The Clogston Patent Wrought Iron Gang Frame for holding the saws, is constructed of wrought channel iron heads and pipe sides, and can be made of any desired length or width. By this construction they combine the utmost strength with the least possible weight, and frames eight to ten feet in width have been introduced for "cutting up gangs," doing away with the old-fashioned rippers and narrow gang. They are indispensable for building, stone sawyers and monumental work. These gangs have been thoroughly tested and approved, and are in use in the largest mills in Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and other parts of this country, as well as in Italy. This firm also make a specialty of the manufacture of new and improved lifting jacks, double and triple geared. The No. 1 and 2 jacks, double geared, are especially adapted to the use of truck- men and all having transferring to do, being light and easily carried with the team, and also for use in stone yards and machine works. The triple geared jack, Nos. 3 and 4, are especially adapted to the use of contractors and builders, stone, granite and marble workers, stoneyards, stone quarries, marble and stone mills, boiler and safe works, bridge builders and for all purposes of heavy lifting. They embody the experience of many years of the best skilled mechanics. The best material is used in their construction. In their rapidity. power, convenience and durability, they are not excelled by any jack made. Another specialty of this enterprising firm is light gray^ iron castings, and their facilities for producing this class of special- ties are unexcelled in this section of the country. They also manu- facture a splendic^ line of lathes for turning marble, polishing lathes with iron cones, counter shafts and pulleys, which can be set on wood of any desired length ; slate saws, billiard jointers, bulkheads, wrought iron tubing, dump cars, block cars, hoisting powers, der- rick irons, and general stone working machinery. The business of this house was originally established in 1873, by Messi-s. J. Adams & Sons, who were succeeded by Mr. W. H. Reynolds in 1883, and in 1885, the present firm came into control. The co-partners, Messrs. C. T. and M. Maynard, are expert and practical marble workers and stone-cutters of laige expei-ience, having a foundation understand- ing of all the needs and requirements of that trade, and are fortu- nate in retaining the services of Mr. Clogston as foreman of their manufactory. These gentleman and Mr. Clogston also form the firm of Clogston, Maynard & Co. for the manufacture of new and improved wrought iron and steel penstocks and bulkheads, which/ are widely famous and in heavy and infiuential demand. THE HAZARD SliATE COMPANY.— The Hazard Slate- Company of Fair Haven was incorporated under the laws of the state of Vermont in 1882. They own nine acres of quarry land and. employ from fifteen to twenty persons in quarrying slate. They operate a 40 horse-power engine and have one of the finest equipped quarries in the state, producing 200,000 square feet of mill stock per year. The color being purple and the quality firm and hard, it is- especially adapted for steps and platforms in public buildings and cemetery work. For this purpose the most of their stock is being used, although they manufacture slate goods of all descriptions, including a fine quality of purple roofing slate. The quarry is located two miles from the village, whence all of the rough stock is drawn to the slate mill in town. The mill is a three-story front and four-story back building, 85 x 58 feet, partly of brick. A great num- ber of saws, planers, etc., are used to complete the goods for the market; although they do not marbleize at the mill, they employ from twenty to twenty-five persons. Goods are shipped to all parts of the states. The company's office is on the first floor. They also own a large grist mill, operated by water power, with three run of stone, and grind out 100 bushels of grain per day, which is sold to the- retail trade. They also do custom flour and feed grinding. They own a saw mill run by water power. Also, a large four-story brick building which they rent as a shirt factory to a Troy, N. Y. firm. The mills are on North Main Street, along the river. W. F. Parker is the president of the company. He is also the proprietor of a Main Street jewelry store and an honorable man of business. Samuel F. Hazard, a practical business man, is the secretary, treas- urer and general superintendent of the mills. O. H. MOREHOUSE, Dentist, Over First National Bank.— Dr. Morehouse is a native of Brandon, this state, and has a thorough knowledge of all branches of dental surgery, which was acquired by years of close study and practical experience, under some of the best dental surgeons in the state, and desiring to establish himself in business on his own account, he founded an establishment in Rut- land in 1872, which he removed to this place two years afterward, and since then he has developed a very liberal and influential pat- ronage, and has won a high reputation for skill and professional ability. His office and operating rooms are spacious, commodious, and very attractively appointed, while in the operating room will be found all the latest improved scientific and mechanical improve- ments known to the profession. The different preparations of vapors and cocaine for the painless extraction and filling of teeth have proved of great success under his administering. The filling of teeth with gold, silver, platinum, and other reliable substances, re- ceives special attention, and is done in the best style of workman- ship. Teeth are cleansed, and diseased gums are successfully treated. The artificial work done by him is unsurpassed in quaUty, finish, comfort, fit and durability. Single and full sets are inserted on gold, silver, rubber or porcelain plates, while a specialty is made of bridging, and also of crown filling, while prices are very reason- able. Dr. Morehouse is universally esteemed throughout the com- munity, and is a member of the State Dental Societj'. 92 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTiJ OF ADAmS & POWEIili, Dry Goods, etc.- Forty years of suc- cess have rolled by, since the existing dry goods and general mer- chandise house of Adams & Powell was established by Joseph Adams in Fair Haven. He was succeeded by Adams & Allen. In 1858, A. W. Adams entered the Arm and the name became Adams, Goodrich & Co. James Adams died in 1878 and the style of the title ■was changed to Adams & Goodrich. In 1885, the present firm was organized. They have a neat and beautifully arranged store, 2 floors in extent and 40 x 100 feet. They carry a flrst-class stock of goods, the first floor being devoted to these fabrics, dress goods, satins, cloths, silks, velvets, plushes, cassimeres, cambrics, linens, cottons, calicos, a special line of ladies' underwear, chemises, drawers, hose, corsets, bustles, furs, gloves, laces, ribbons, 'kerchiefs, feathers, fans, trimmings, embroidery, crotchet work, notions, ornaments, etc., wraps, and mantles. The second floor is devoted to boots, shofes, rubbers, shawls, cloaks, gentlemens' underwear, half hose, shirts, collars, cuffs, cravats, crockery, curtains, drapery, glassware, etc.; wliile in the basement, salt and a general line of farmer's supplies are sold. The firm employ five persons. The store is as handsome a one as one can find in town. It has a marble front and is provided with all of the modern improvements. A. W. Adams is a put)lic spirited citizen and has held all of the town offices. He is a member of the State Senate of 1890. He was born in Vermont and is a direc- tor in the First National Bank, chairman of the State Board of Education, and an active member of the F. & A. M. John T. Powell is a native of New York, a young man of gi-eat business ability and had eight years experience in the mercantile line, two years in Bos- ton and six in Fair Haven. The firm of Adams & Powell is one of the most reliable in town. C. REED & SONj Lumber, opposite depot.— Few men are more widely or favorably known in Fair Haven than is C. Reed, sen- ior member of this firm. He has resided here for considerably more than a quarter of a century and throughout that period has been recognized as a leading citizen, strictly honorable in all his under- takings and always having the best interests of the city at heart. After \V. C. Kitridge had established a coal and lumber business in 1870 and carried it on for two years, Mr. Reed purchased the plant and until 1880 had entire charge of a business that grew and prospered under his able management. At that time his son, Rolland C. Reed, became a member of the firm that has since extended its trade to present proportions and enjoys the pleasing prospect of constant ex- pansion. The building in which their office is located at one end of the first floor, is 40 x 60 feet, three stories high and used chiefly for the storage of lumber. Another building, 40 x 100 feet is used as a store room. They have storage for 1,200 tons of coal, their yard being the best arranged and most convenient of any along the line of the D. & H. railroad. They handle 2,500 tons annually in addition to the three quarter million feet of lumber which they dispose of each year, their yard accommodations having a capacity for half that amount. They deal in rough timbers as well as finished stock, doing chiefly a local trade and meeting every demand of the market in which they operate. Their shipping facilities are unsurpassed as the D. & H. road runs directly through their yard, enabling them to secure desired consignments of coal and lumber on the shortest notice. There are two men constantly employed and the force is increased as the pressure of business requires. One team is kept busy the year round. Builders' supplies in the nature of lime, plaster, cement, lath, hair, etc., are kept constantly on hand and always of the best quality. The son. R. C. Reed, who is member of the Rutland Co. Re- publican Committee, conducts an extensive and rapidly increasing wholesale lumber business in his own name, and through his inherited qualities of sagacity, honorable dealing and close attention to his affairs is assured of success. The father's popularity as well as abil- ity and high standing, appear in the fact that he served Fair Haven most acceptably in the State Legislature of 1863 and '64, a trying pe- riod in the country's history, and also aided in the deliberations of a special session convened the same year. For eigliteen years he was town clerk in one continuous term of service, meeting the require- ments of his position with the same care and good judgment appar- ent in the management of his private affairs. Besides this he has held all the town offices within the gift of the people and in all shown the same admirable qualities that commend him as an upright and successful business man. OREN A. PK<;K, Fiu-uiture, Main Street.— In the town of Fair Haven no house takes a higher position in its line than the subject of the present sketch. Founded in 186!), at the present location by Mr. Oren A. Peck the present proprietor, the history of the house has been one of continuous entei-prise and progress, while the patronage has not only annually increased in volume but also in the area over which the trade of the establishment is distributed. The spacious premises occupied comprise one large, four-story and basement building, and a storehouse containing four floors. There are 19,000 square feet of floor surface utilized for the business and the largest, most elegant stock of furniture in Vermont is to be found here. A large and influential patronage has been established and goods are delivered any where in Vermont. This is the only house of its line in town. The various departments are at all times replete with a carefully selected assortment of the different kinds of goods handled, which consists of carpets, of both American and European produc- tion, choice designs and patterns of parlor and chamber furniture, and a full line of undertaking goods, embracing fine and medium caskets, robes, etc., also two fine hearses. All orders receive prompt attention and all goods are delivered free of charge. A force of hands is constantly employed sufficient for the demands of the busi- ness. Four delivery wagons are kept and one light casket wagon, also two others of medium size, and one heavy wagon that will carry six chamber suits at one time. All goods are selected with the rare judgment only possible to those with long practical experience, while the prices quoted are uniformly low, the result of cai-ef ul con- sideration in the purchase of the goods. Mr. Peck was at one time employed for five years in a furniture store in Rutland, and in an- other store in the same place for three years, and was for three years the proprietor of an undertaking establishment. He held the office of first selectman seven years, was trustee of the village five years, and had charge of laying the water- works. He is a native of Ver- mont and an enterprising, prominent business man. O. A. PROCTOR, Meat Market.— A pei-son who visits the market of Mr. O. A. Proctor, is at once impressed with its clean, neat arrangement and the careful attention that is bestowed upon all the details in connection with the place. The refrigerator is kept pure and sweet, and the floor, benches, blocks and counters are free from any suggestion of diit. The stock that Mr. Proctor carries is the choicest in the market, including beef, mutton, veal, lamb. pork, fowls, game, birds, lard, tripe, lamb's tongues, pigs' feet, sausage.*;, mince- meat, salt pork, smoked and fresh hams, delicious roasts and broils, dried beef, corned beef, spare-ribs, loins, chops, vegetables, potatoes, tomatoes, greens, beets, cabbage, onions, peas, beans, turnips, fruits, apples, pears, country produce, eggs, butter, cheese, etc. Mr. Proctor handles flve carcasses of beef, five hogs and from two to nine sheep per week. He has a most flourishing trade, which he has been controlling since his establishment in business in 1875. His store, 20 X 50 feet, is a model of what a first-class market slu^uld be. Mr. Proctor was born in this village and has grown up with a full knowledge of the tastes and requirements of the people. He is a thoroughly reliable business man and f>opular socially, being a mem- ber of the F. and A. M. and the G. A. R. He .served gallantly for eleven months during the war in the 14th Vt. Reg., Co. D. O. C. RUCHIjEATJ, Baker.— Among the best known bakers of Fair Haven, is O. C. Ruchleau, who established his business here in 1887, succeeding Mr. L. Patten, who in turn had succeeded Mr. E. Broggs, the founder of the bakeshop. Mr. Ruchleau is one of the best known bakers of this section, and by reason of his long expe- rience, is among the most expert. A native of New York, his taste seemed to turn in this direction, and he began by working for the Rutland Cracker Company four years. He was with a Burlington bakery flve years; five years more he worked in Vermont and Massa- chusetts, and then in Connecticut eight years. He bakes eveiytliing at his place, excepting crackers. He prodm-es the .choicest flour, butter, eggs, lard, sugar, spices and flavoring extracts and turns out delicious bread, biscuits, mils, buns, jiies from every fruit, wedding, fancy, plain, pound, fruit and sponge cake, wine cake, plum pud- dings, knick-knacks, doughnuts, fried cakes, cookies, ladies' fingere, etc. Mr. Ruchleau has labored hard and patiently and made a wide success of his store. In addition to his bakeshop, he has a Iimcheon room, where delicacies, tea. coffee, rich milk, cream, and choice eata- bles may be had. His place is a neatly kept and very ponid.ar resort. FAIR II A VEX, VERMONT. 9a IW. F. MEAD, K. W. PARKHURST, Druggists, 81 Main Street.— Mr. Mead established this -business in 1883, the present firm having been organized in 1890. They have a large and neatly furnished store, with attractive show windows and cases and a bright array of shelf goods. In the rear part of the store they carry a full hne of paints, oils, coloi-s, putty, dryers, etc. Their drugs comprise everything in the medical line, drugs, chemicals, ex- tracts, essential oils, eUxirs, patent medicines, salves, ointments, plasters, botanical goods, gums, powders, toilet goods, brushes, combs, soaps, perfumes, tooth pastes, face preparations, and an endless lot of stock always found in a first-class drug store. They also sell confections and are the agents for various school books and supplies. Their prescription department is one of the very impor- tant features of their store, all prescriptions receiving prompt atten- tion and being skilfully filled. This department has received the endorsement of allleading physicians. Mr. Mead, prior to entering upon his business career, was a practical druggist and has had four- teen years experience in this line. He is a worthy business man and a member of the F. and A. M. Mr. Parkhurst is a young man, a na- tive of Illinois, and a member of the Eureka Lodge F. and A. M. No. 75, and of the S. of V. S. ». WIIililAMS & SON, Boots and Shoes.— The boot and shoe house of Williams & Son, was established in 1850 by Mr. Wil- liams, at Benson, where he remained two years. He then moved to Hydeville, carrying on business there thirty years and in 1880, he came to Fair Haven. Messrs. Williams & Son, as the firm now stands, carry a complete line of every article that is sold in a boot and shoe store, men, women's, misses', boj's", and infants" boots, shoes slippers, gaiters, overshoes, rubbers, etc., findings, dressing, black- ing and brushes. They have a most tastefully arranged salesroom 18 by 30 feet, a shop in the rear, where they make custom work and repairing a specialty, and a store-room on the second floor; while they carry a full line of rubber goods in the basement. They do a good bit of manufacturing to order and control a trade from the best people in town and vicinity. Mr. Williams, Sr., is a native of Poultney, and has served as justice of the peace. He is an upright, just man, and very popular. His son, 5Ir. Edwin J. Williams, was bom in Hydeville. He is a young man, apt and energetic. The firm of Williams & Son stands high in the business community, its motto being good goods and honest dealing. JOHN E. RUTIiEDGE, Livery Stable.— One of the most prominent livery stables in Fair Haven is that of which Mr. John E . Rutledge is the proprietor. The site occupied by this prosperous and popular establishment has been used for livery purposes for over one hundred years. Mr. D. B. Carlton was proprietor in 1860, and he was succeeded by W. H. Streeter, W. C. Mound and B. W. Roberts, the present proprietor assuming control in 1888. The prem- ises occupied comprise a four-story building, 40 x 80 feet in dimen- sions and a large carriage house. The stables are well lighted, ven- tilated, and drained, while every attention is given by careful grooms to the care and welfare of the stock. Accomodations are provided for a large number of horses, and a splendid line is constantly kept for hire at reasonable rates, comprising single drivers, matched pairs, four horse, etc. Over sixty carriages are kept, including coaches, hacks, excui-sion wagons, etc. He keeps for sale agricul- tural implements, wagons, and harnesses. The proprietor has had large experience in the care, treatment and training of horses and is considered a reUable authority upon the subject. He has built up his business by honorable, legitimate and pains taking methods, by strict attention to details and by courteous and liberal treatment of patrons and the public, being careful at the same time, to have his equipages furnished in the finest style, his horses safe, speedy and reliable, and to place his charges at a fair and reasonable fig- ure. Mr. Rutledge is thoroughly experienced in every detail of the business, having been proprietor of a hotel in Brandon and in Fair Haven for several years, both of which have liveries in connection. Mr. Rutledge is a native of Ireland, but came to this country when an infant. REDFIEI^D PRINTING COMtPANY, East Park Place- Mr. Frank W. Redfield was born in New York state, and came to this place in 1879. Thoroughly experienced and practical in all branches of this trade, he purchased a newspaper plant, and in connection with job printing, he conducted a paper three years, when he dis- posed of tlie paper, and has since devoted his entire time to job printing. While in the newspaper business, Mr. Redfield became convinced that the business of job printing in this section could be made an extensive one, if an ofHce was fitted up to handle the work for state manufacturers that was daily sent to the cities, for the rea- son that no country office was capable of doing the work, and with this aim in view, the Redfield Printing Company has fitted up their otflce to do this special branch of work, and control the whole of the state trade printing throughout this section of the country, besides doing an extensive business in commercial, book, pamphlet and gen- eral job printing. The entire outfit of this office is new, with fast presses, and all the latest designs in type and improved machinery, making the facilities equal to the best city office, while the class of work is eicelled by none. Estimates are furnished, and contracts made and executed on time and satisfactorily. Mr. Redfield was the first printer to use slate imposing stones, and he has since introduced them quite generally, having sold them to leading printers in every state in the union. Mr. Redfield is a pleasant, intelligent and popu- lar gentleman, a first-class printer, and highly respected in the com- munity, and is an active member of the Masonic fraternity. He ia also secretary of the Western Vermont Agricultural Society and the Gentlemen's Driving Association. W. H. PEIiKEir, Manufacturer of Slate and Marble Columns, also Mantel Irons, Shop Stoves, Plow Castings. Light Gray Iron Castings a Specialty.— Among the examples of highly successful home talent in Fair Haven is W. H.Pelkey, the well known manufac- turer of slate and marble columns, mantel irons, shop stoves, plow- castings, and a specialty in light gray iron castings. His extensive works on First Avenne comprise a mill, 26 x 60, the machinery es- sential to the production of his goods, and a steam engine of 25 horse- power. His slate and marble are received as they come from the quarries and then transformed into the substantial, highly polished and artistic columns which the works turn out. Mr. Pelkey was an artisan in slate and marble for fifteen years, familiarizing himself with every detail of the work as well as perfecting himself as to the styles and qualities of material. In his extensive iron foundiy he has every facility for the manufacture of first-class goods in the line of shop stoves, plow castings and other articles as enumerated. Mr. Pelkey opened his establishment in 1885, and in the very outset it was. apparent that he was the right man in the right place. Thoroughly up in his business, determined in his undertakings, active and not afraid of exertion, he rapidly elbowed his way to the front and is in. command of one of the nicest trades in the city. G. li. GUTTERSON, Dentist, Main Street.— Dr. G. L. Gutterson is one of the^est known dentists in Fair Haven, having finely fitted! rooms in Main Street, on the second floor, his office being supplied with all the modern appliances known to the profession of dentistry. Graduated from the Boston Dental College, Dr. Gutterson established his office in Fair Haven in 1883. He is now in the way of an excel- lent practice among the best people of this vicinity and turns out ex- cellent work. He is a most skilful worker, as is shown by his exam- ples of extracting, excavating, treating and filling teeth, providing crown fillings and sets of false teeth. Dr. Gutterson is a gentleman who exercises the utmost care in all of his operations. He goes, about his work systematically and with absolute confidence in his own abilities. He is popular and enjoys a constant increase of busi- ness. He is noted for his upright dealings. Dr. Gutterson is a na- tive of Vermont. PARK VIEW HOUSE, D. J. Rutledge, Proprietor.— This, hotel was established in 1882 by a stock company. It is a four-story brick building, and is fitted in the most modern style, steam heated, etc., while it has accommodations for one hundred guests. Eighteen persons are employed and the house is in every respect first-class, from its neat, pleasant office to the fine dining-room and cleanly kitchen. There are billiard, bath and sample rooms, a barber-shop, and a flne livery stable attached. Mr. Rutledge leased the house in 1884 from the company, and in 1886 C. R. Allen purchased the prop- erty, which he still owns. The Park View is patronized by the lead- ing travelers who come to Fair Haven. The fame of Mr. Rutledge's management has made this hou.se one of the favored ones of the state. The tables are supplied with all of the best viands that the market affords, and everything possible is done for the comfort of guests. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF POULTNEY. HE first settlement was made in Poultney, April 15, 1771, by Ebenezer Allen and Thomas Ashley. They were men of bold, fearless spirits, athletic and firm constitu- tions. They commenced in West Poultney near what was known as the Turnpike bridge. They erected shanties for their families, and Mr. Allen had a son born the same year, which was the first white child born in Poultney. Mr. Allen remained but a few years in town, then moved to Grand Isle. Mr. Ashley remained in town and on the same farm until his death, which occurred in 1810. He was the next man to Allen that entered in taking the fort at "Old Ti," stood at the head of the stairs as sentinel, while Allen entered the room of the Commander. In June, 1777, about thirty families were settled in this township, when they were all driven from their homes by Burgoyne's army and the In- dians. The town had been settled very slowly up to this time, owing in a great measure to the troubles with New York about the title of the land. Thus the early inhabitants had not only to contend with poverty, and the common enemy during the revolution, but with the Yorkers, who would often send out their sheriffs with' their posse to drive them off their farms and take possession, but they were often sternly met by the Green Mountain boys, and their leaders not unfrequently made to feel the "Beach Seal." In 1783 the first house of worship was erected; previous to this time the people had held their meetings in barns in summer, and private houses in winter. The first post-office was probably established in the west village about January, 1799. The first newspaper printed in town was TAe Poultney Gazette in 1822. In 1825, the Northern Spectator was first issued, and was discontinued in 1830. It was at this office that Horace Greeley learned the printer's trade. The Poultney Owl was published about six months in 1867, and the Poultney Bulletin in 1868. This paper came to an end in 1873, and the establishment was sold to Mr. R. J. Humphrey, who commenced the publication of The Poultney Journal, December 19, 1873. Poultney has continued to thrive and prosper and is one of the most thriving villages of its size in the state. It is seventy miles from Montpelier and eighteen miles southwest from Rutland. Its population is 2,717. The village is beautifully situated on the banks of Poultney River, and on the line of the Rutland and Washington railroad. The village owes much of its prosperity to the development of the slate industr}', and these quarries and shops in connection, together with other manufactories, give employment to a large force of workingmen. Besides the several slate companies here, there are manufacturers of boots and shoes, of carriages and sleighs, of flour and feed, of furniture, handsleds, harnesses, and ink ; there is a foundry and machine shop, a job printing-office, a lumber, door, sash and blind mill. The goods turned out are noted for their superior char- acter and general excellence ; but the leading and staple industry is the quarrying, polishing and manufacturing of articles from slate which is noted the world over as being of very supe- rior quality. The slate quarries are invaluable to this village, and it is fortunate for Poultney and the country generally that the stock is abundant, since the demand for it from all sections of the Union is constantly increasing. A large number of firms are engaged in quarrying and others conduct an extensive business in the manufacture of mantels and billiard table beds, while others manufacture roofing slate exclusively. With the best of railroad facilities giving an advantage 94 P O U T N E Y , VERMONT 95 in the- matter of freights, and with low rents, taxes, and cost of living, the merchants of Poultney are in a position to offer these commodities at lower rates than those charged in the stores of larger and more populous towns. In the important particular of school facilities, Poultney is abreast with the times, and the different schools are model institutions of their kind and sup- plied with all modern appliances and advantages. The Troy Conference Academy is located here, and is in a flourishing condition. Poultney has five churches, viz.: the Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal, Welsh Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic, and many of these edifices are of imposing proportions. As a place of residence, Poultney possesses many attractions. The arts and sciences are cultivated here. With her large and increasing population, her manufacturing enterprises, her commercial activity and her many other advantages already pointed out, Poultney offers a splen- did field for the capitalist, the manufacturer, and the merchant. THE POULTNEY SLATE COMPANY.— A promi- nent and leading industry of its character in Poultney is the Poult- ney Slate Company, which was formed and incorporated under the laws of Vermont in May, 1890. This quarry was first opened by the Poultney Slate Works in 1878, and was succeeded by the Lake View Company in 1888. From twenty-flve to thirty-five acres of •quarry land are owned by the company and the works are fitted up with all necessary machinery operated by steam. From 70 to 120 feet of slate are taken from the quarry per day, and employment is ^iven to from twenty-flve to forty workmen, and from five to ten teams are employed drawing slate to the station, a distance of three miles. The company manufacture from 600 to 1200 squares of slate per month, 1st quality purple, variegated and sea green, and they also buy largely'. Their trade extends to all parts of the United States, their largest trade being in the western states. They also have a large local trade. Their main office is at Poultney, and they also have an office at No. 115 Broadway, New York. The secretary and treasurer, Mr. T. J. Mather, resides in Morristown, N. J., and is a prominent and wealthy lawyer. Mr. M. B. Mayhar, the president of the company, is a native of Vermont, is a resident of Poultney and is respected and esteemed as one of the ablest and most enterprising business men of the town. m. J. HORTON, Hardware, No. 40 Main Street.— The vast va- riety of implements and utensils, classed under the head of general hardware, renders this trade of great importance in every community. The housekeeper, the builder, the mechanic -and the farmer all have their special wants, and each in turn must come to the hardware store to have those wants supplied. A leading headquarters in this line of trade in Poultney is the establishment of which Mr. M. J. Horton is the proprietor. The business of this house was established in 1877. The premises consist of one floor, 30 x 120 feet in dimensions with a large .salesroom in front, devoted to groceries and light hardware. In the rear of the first floor is a large room filled with a stock of •stoves, ranges, etc., and also lamps and glassware, cutlery and shelf hardware. The basement is utilized for heavy goods, and two large buildings in the rear are used, one for a tin shop and the other for storing goods. He employs two tinsmiths, one plumber, and three •clerks. It combines everything known to the trade in manufacturers' supplies, heavy and shelf hardware, direct from producers, at most advantageous rates, and is offered to the customers at prices rarely duplicated by competing houses. Mr. Horton is prepared at all times to supply customers to the full extent of their wants and in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. He was clerk in a drug store from 1861 to 1866 and was book-keeper in an insurance office from 1866 to 1867. He has held the office of town clerk, town treasurer, selectman, and water commissioner. He is a member of the F. and A. M., is Past Master of the lodge, and High Priest of the chapter; a member of the I. O. O. F. and Grand Master of the state of Vermont, a member of the G. A. R. and organized the Post in this place and was its first commander. He is a native of Vermont, served in the army as a member of Company E, 51st Massachusetts Infantry, and is honored and esteemed by his fellow men in all the various relations of life. Appointed colonel on governor's staff last November. W. W. HIBBARD, Books, Stationery, Etc., Main St.— Mr. W. W. Hibbard maintains a most enviable reputation in consequence of his superior stock of goods and honorable business methods. Mr. Hibbard is a Vermonter by birth and started out in business life as a physician in Hebron, N. Y. State, but relinquished practice there and came to this place in 1863 and followed the dental profession for three years, after which he opened a pharmacy and carried that on until 1872, when he inaugurated this enterprise, and at once developed a very large and substantial patronage. He occupies a spacious store, that is admirably adapted to the business and fitted up with every convenience. The book department contains the standard works on history, biographies, memoirs, travels, encyclopedias, dic- tionaries, travels, essays, letters of eminent persons, etc., religious works of all sects, Sunday school books, works of fiction by the most eminent writers, poems, and all the cheap library editions. The stock of school supplies embraces all the approved text books, blank stationery, inks, pens, pencils, slates, etc., also counting room sup- plies, of every description; art materials such as easels, paints, colors, crayons, brushes, bristol and other boards, etc. He also re- ceives daily all the leading newspapers from the principal cities, be- sides the leading weeklies, pictorials, magazines and periodicals soon as published. His stock also includes an endless variety of art novelties in bronze, brass, bisque and majolica ware, toys and fancy goods for holiday and anniversary presents, etc. Mr. Hibbard is an enterprising gentleman, and is highly respected. GEORGE OT. HERRICK, Dry Goods. Groceries, Etc.— A leading and most prominent house in Poultney is the admirably con- ducted and flourishing concern of George M. Herrick. The business was established in 1883, by Messrs. M. M. & M. Myers and in 1886 this firm was succeeded by Myers & Herrick, who continued the business till 1891, when George M. Herrick became proprietor. The premises occupied comprise one floor and basement, 30 x 60 feet in dimensions. The front room is used as a salesroom and contains at all times a full and complete stock of dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, rubbers, gents' furnishing goods, wall paper, etc. In dry goods the stock is valuable and includes dress goods in all the new fabrics and shades, house-furnishing goods at lower prices than are offered elsewhere, new hosiery, underwear, corsets, etc., also trim- mings and fancy goods, comprising the latest novelties in the market, a complete line of buttons, embroidery and knitting silk etc., is also kept. In the grocery department will be found a com- plete stock of the finest teas and coffees, the purest spices, the best brands of flour, canned goods in great variety, sugars, molasses, syrups, condiments, table delicacies and everything pertaining to the staple and fancy grocery trade is kept constantly on hand. In gents' furnishing goods the stock is complete and well selected, and all goods are sold at prices that defy successful competition. The trade of this popular house is increasing from year to year. The proprietor, Mr. G. M. Herrick is a native of Poultney, Vt., a gradu- ate of Troy Conference Academy, and is a young man of energy and enterprise and is popular with the general public. This business is conducted on a strictly cash basis. 96 INDUSTRIES AND WEAJ. Til OF G. PARKER & SON, Slate, No. 37^ Main Street.— The red, purple and variegated slate produced by Messrs. G. Parker & Son, at their quarries in Hampton, N. Y., is recognized as the most desirable roofing material on this continent. It has been quar- ried since 1860. In 186.5, the business was taken charge of by Mr. G. Parker, the present firm being organized in 1878 by the admission of Mr. E. V. Parker to partnership. The firm own thirty acres of quarry land, and operate two quarries which are thoroughly equipped with all necessary machinery and appliances, and employment is given to some twenty skilled workmen. For roofing purposes the slate quarried by this firm possesses qualities rarely equalled, and never surpassed, its hardness, uniformity and non-absorbing quali- ities placing it supreme over all other materials for roofing. The firm stand first in point of quality, and second to few in quantity, as manufacturers of roofing slate, and their trade is local, suburban and country wide. All slate proves as represented, is guaranteed in every respect, and all statements, expressed or implied, in letter and spirit are substantiated. Messrs. Parker & Son are also proprietors of a restaurant in this village, located on Main Street, in the same building with the office of the slate business. There are separate apartments for ladies and gentlemen, with a combined capacity for seating twenty-five, and the patronage is large, first class and infiu- ential. Confectionery and cigars are also carried. The senior partner and founder of the slate business is a Massachusetts man by biriii, and came to Vermont in 1865. His son was also born in Massachu- etts, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. *'THE CRYSTAl.," David Williams. Proprietor, Fine Fam- ily Groceries, Choice Fruit, etc.. Main Street.—" The Crystal " is one of the oldest places in town, its early proprietors not being known. For many years, E. H. Clayton was the owner, Mr. Williams having succeeded him in June, 1890. He has a store 30 x 90 feet, where he carries on his grocery trade and a dining-room, large enough to accommodate sixteen pei'sons. He serves meals at all hours. Mr. Williams has the name for setting an excellent table, his soups, joints, broils, desserts, tea, coffee and milk being the choicest that can be had in the market. His groceiy trade is very extensive, com- prising every class of wares usually found in such a place, including country farm produce, vegetables, butter, cheese, eggs, flour, corn- meal, buckwheat flour, tea, coffee, sugar, whole and ground spices, shelf and counter goods, canned and preserved goods, apples, cher- ries, strawberries, currants, peaches, pears, dried fruits, pine-apples, lemons, oranges, nuts, pickled goods, citrons, melons, prunes, mince- meat, syrups, olives, condensed milk, kerosene oil, starch, washing and baking soda, mustards, flavoring extracts, chocolate, jellie.'^. boiled cider, salt, candles, soaps, cracked wheat, barley, confection- ery of all sorts, choice cigars, chewing and smoking tobacco, long cut, plug and fine cut, pipes, cigar holders, pouches, etc. ; household wooden ware, baskets, and a full line of crockery and glassware . Mr. Williams has created already a lively trade by his industry and close application to business, in addition to retaining the custom of his predecessors. He is a native of Wales. E. 1.. PATRICK, Watches & Jewelry, Main Street.— Mr. E. L. Patrick, established his business here in 1887. Prior to that, he had been engaged in the same line at Fort Ann, N. Y. ; previous to which, he had spent three years in learning his trade, at Chester, "Vt. Mr. Patrick's practical knowledge is therefore a vast help to • him and he puts it to good use by making a specialty of repairing watches, clocks, jewelry, etc., of which he carries a full stock of spectacles and eye-glasses. Engagement, wedding, plain rings, bracelets, chains, silver ware, spoons, forks, bric-a-brac, vases, etc., and is an adept at repairing and regulating watches. He has reached that stage in life when success marks his efforts. It is fully deserved, however, his patronage coming from the best people of this village. He is prudent and loyal to business integrity and very popular- among business and society people. He is a native of New York. CASTLETON. HE charter of Castleton was granted to Samuel Brown, of Stockbridge, Mass., Septem- ber 22, 1761, a year remarkable in the annals of Vermont. During this year the first permanent settlement on the west side of the Green Mountains, was effected at Bennington, and during the same year no less than twenty-seven townships were char- t tered in what now constitutes the counties of Bennington, Rutland and Addison. The reason for this sudden influx is found in the previously unsettled state of this region. During the colonial and Indian wars, the territory of Vermont being the great thoroughfare for military expeditions, was constantly exposed to the depredations of the French and Indians. On this account the settlement of the country was dangerous and impracticable. The conquest of Canada by the English in 1760 removed these obstacles, and the colonists already well ac- quainted with the fertility and value of the country, having often passed over it on military expeditions, hastened to secure possession. The township of Castleton is situated near the center of Rutland county. It contains thirty-six square miles. When the town received the name of Castleton is not known, but it is supposed that it was called after a man by the name of Castle, of whom Col. Bird purchased ninety-five original shares, showing that he was a large pro- prietor, and probably gave his name to the town. The grantees were seventy in number, and Col. Bird, though not mentioned as one of them, seems to have been one of the largest proprie- tors and the leading man at proprietors' meetings. Cols. Bird and Lee of Salisbury, Ct., arrived in Castleton in June, 1767, and during the season a log cabin was built on a bluff in the south- westerly part of the township on what was afterwards known as the Clark farm. Castleton is pleasantly located on the southern bank of Castleton River, on a level plain,, elevated about thirty feet above the stream. The surrounding country is diversified by hill,. mountain, lake, river and rill, has a salubrious climate, pure water, beautiful scenery, and in; fact, every attribute for making it one of the most delightful towns in the country. The vil- C A S T 1. E r O N , V E K M () N T , 97 lage contains about one hundred and fifty buildings remarkable for a uniform neatness. In the village are four churches : Advent, Congregationalist, Episcopal, Methodist, and Roman Cath- olic; a town hall, a dozen or more stores and several slate mills. JOHN HOWE, Insurance Agent. — The leading insurance agency in Castleton is that established by Mr. John Howe in 1880. He has had a long experience in his profession and has not only suc- ceeded in gaining the confidence of a large clientele, but also the responsible companies he represents, which are the New England Fire Insurance Company and the Hartford Life and Annuity Com- pany, having, as he does, absolute control of the business of these companies in this section, Mr. Howe is not only enabled to offer very superior inducements, but also to insure a sure and prompt adjustment of such losses as may occur. The facilities he possesses as a fire insurance agent has placed him among the foremost mem- bers of the underwriting fraternity in this section of the state, and entitle him to the extensive business which he enjoys, and which he knows so well how to foster and promote. Mr. Howe is prepared to promptly place the largest as well as smaller risks, distributing the former in the most judicious manner, quoting the lowest rates obtain- able, and guaranteeing a prompt and liberal adjustment of all losses. Mr. Howe is deservedly popular in the community in which he lives, and controls the insuring of many of the choicest and most valuable business and residential properties in this section. Mr. Howe is a native of Vermont, a lawyer by profession, and is judge of the Rut- land County Court. He was State's Attorney for four years, is the present town clerk, and is highly esteemed both in business and social circles. A. li. KANSOOT, Dry and Fancy Goods. Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, Clothing, Groceries, etc.— This business was founded originally in 1870 by Messrs. Armstrong Bros., who were succeeded by Messrs. Armstrong & Sherman, when they in turn were followed by 5Ir. C. S. Sherman alone, who carried it on very successfully until 188.3, when it passed into the control of its present proprietor, who is a native of Castleton, but was for Ave years a member of a mercan- tile firm in North Granville, N. Y., and afterwards for two years in business on his own account in Whitehall, N. Y., and aftenvards re- turned to his native place and eventually assumed his present posi- tion among its most popular business men. His store is of ample dimensions, commodious and very neatly and attractively fitted up, and provided with every convenience for the successful prosecution of its large and constantly increasing trade. The stock carried is full and complete, embracing a splendid assortment of general mer- chandise, among which will be found fine cloths and cassimeres, the latest fashionable patterns and colors in silks, satins, velvets, etc., ladies' and gents' furnishings, hats and caps for men, youths, boys and children: boots, shoes and rubbers, wall paper, crockery, etc., besides an almost illimitable assortment of notions and small wares. His stock of groceries embraces the very purest of fresh new-crop teas, coffees and spices; best brands of canned goods, choice flour, fancy creamery butter, salt meats and fish, bakers' and laundry supplies, tobacco and cigars, etc. Taken altogether the stock carried is one of the most complete in this sec- tion of the state, while the quality is imsurpassed, and prices are the very lowest. Polite assistants attend to the wants of patrons promptly and spare no pains to please, while goods are delivered at residences free of charge. Mr. Ransom is an enterprising and popu- lar man. He is also a prominent and active member of the Masonic order, and a consistent observer of its cardinal principles. BOmOSEEN HOUSE, Horace B. Ellis, Proprietor.— The Bomoseen House was erected some twenty years ago, by Mr. Wm. Batcheller, and became the property of the present proprietor, Mr. Horace B. Ellis, in 1869. He has for the past few years taken the management of the house himself, and has placed it upon a plane of efficiency and popularity before unknown in its history. The house is built of brick, three stories high, 40 x 100 feet in dimensions, with two ells, measuring 40 x 60 feet each, and has first-class accommo- dations for 100 guests. No luxury afforded in situation, surroundings modern conveniences and ability of management in any hotel in the state, is lacking at the Bomoseen. It is located on the principal street in the village, within easy reach of the depot, and is conven- ient alike to the permanent patron, the commercial tourist and the transient guest. Tlie looms are elegantly furnished, every safety is provided in case of fire, while as regards sanitary arrangements, tlie Bomoseen House is unexcelled. A first-class livery, fine billiard and pool rooms, a bowling alley, bath rooms, sample rooms, telegraph and telephone coiniection, are among the necessities of modern hotel life provided for the use of guests. The cuisine of the house is worthy of special praise, being under the most experienced manage- ment, and kept up to the highest standard of excellence. Mr. Ellis is a liberal caterer, and supplies his table with fresh vegetables and dairy products from his own farm near the village. He also owns a large three-story house opposite the Bomoseen which he uses as an overflow house for summer boarders, as this is a noted sunmier resort, and both houses are filled during that season of the year with tourists and pleasure seekers from all parts of the country. Lake Bomoseen, a lovely sheet of water eight miles long and two miles wide, is within easy reach and affords fine boating facilities, while the surrounding country is distinguished for delightful drives and numerous places of interest. Mr. Ellis is a native Vermonter, a prominent real estate owner and Is closely identified with the growth and prosperity of Castleton. W. S, PRESTON, Jewelry, Etc.— This well-known and old-established house was founded originally by Mr. L. W. Pres- ton, father of the present proprietor, in 1848, and was conducted by him most successfully until 1882, when he was succeeded by his son George L., who carried it on very ably and creditably until his deeply lamented death in 1885, when it passed into the present hands. The premises utilized for the business are commodi- ous, comprising a very neatly and appropriately appointed store, with workshop in the rear. The store is provided with every facility for the transaction of business, and contains a very fine assortment of gold and silver, American and European watches and clocks; rare and precious gems set in the most unique and original styles, wedding, engagement, and souvenir rings, pendants, brooches, bracelets, etc., solid silver and plated ware, fine cutlery, eye-glasses, spectacles and optical goods, guns, rifles, revolvers, small musical instruments and merchandise, fishing tackle, etc., etc. These goods are all of the very best quality, guaranteed to be as represented and offered at the very lowest prices. A specialty is the repairing of fine watches, clocks and jewelry, and all work is warranted to give satisfaction. F. E. MASCOTT Sc CO., Carriage Painters.— A prominent and progressive firm in this section of the state is that of F. E. Mas- cott & Co. The business of carriage and sign painting was estab- lished in 1878 and the manufacturing was added in 1886. The prem- ises occupied comprise a two-story building, the first floor being de- voted to manufacturing and the second floor to painting. They manufacture heavy wagons and purchase the light carriages in white and paint and trim them for market. Their trade in carriage and sign painting is large and constantly increasing. Five skilled workmen are constantly employed, and the trade extends through- out Rutland county. Being provided with all the necessary auxilia- ries, employing only the most skilled workmen, he has succeeded in establishing a claim to a just share of public favor, and any one entrusting him with their orders may rely upon receiving prompt attention and good work. His success or the success of the firm is largely attributable to the fact that Mr. Mascott is himself a practi- cal workman, and knowing as he does every detail of his business, he never leaves the execution of any order to subordinates, but per- sonally supervises its completion. 3Ir. Mascott was employed as a painter in Castleton for three years and spent one year in Boston learning the trade. The firm deal in carriage paints and varnishes, oils, turpentine, Japan, shellac, hard drying oil, etc., also house paints, best brands of white or tinted lead, either in paste or liquid form, fire-proof and floor paint. This firm started February 1, 1891, in the undertaking business at the same location and already have a large business. They carry a flrst-class stock of caskets, coffins and undertakers' requisites of every description. Bodies are embalmed and funerals conducted in the best manner the duties at all times being performed satisfactorily. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF ST. ALBANS. Xe,fe 'HE town of St. Albans, delightfully situated on the east shore of Lake Champlain, was granted a charter by Bennington Wentworth, Esq., the royal governor of the province of New Hampshire, August 17, 1763. The town has Swanton on the north, Fairfield on the east and Georgia on the south; the west side is indented by a bay called by the Indians, Bellamaqueam Bay, which is about two and one half miles in length by one half mile to one mile in width. The indentation of the bay gives to the town an irregular shape, it being nearly nine miles from its extreme eastern to its western limit, while from north to south it is but about five miles. The portion lying west of the bay is called St. Albans Point and is in length about two and one half miles by one half mile to about two miles in width. The western shore is called Maquam from its proxim- ity to Maquam Bay in Swanton. This name is a corruption of the original Indian name which was Bopquam, Along the eastern border of the town rises a range of hills, the southernmost and loftiest point of which called Bellevue, affords one of the finest prospects in the country, taking in the highly cultivated valley of the Champlain, with its numerous villages ; the lake, with its beautiful islands ; the mountains in the rear of Montreal and other Canadian mountains ; the Adirondacks on the southwest and the Green Mountain range on the east. There is another hill in the south part of the town, called Prospect Hill, and another, half a mile north of the village called Aldis Hill. The soil of St. Albans is a rich loam, well adapted to the growth of the several cereal crops and producing luxuriant grass. There is little waste land in town, the hills being arable nearly to their summits and affording excellent pasturage for cattle and sheep, St. Albans village is in the midst of an excellent farming region, most of the farmers being edu- cated and scientific men employing all the modern improvements in agricultural implements and producing some of the finest butter and maple sugar in the country. Jesse Welden was undoubtedly the first civilized settler of St. Albans. His place of birth is not known, but he came to this town from Sunderland (having resided before that at Salis- bury, Ct.), previous to the war of the Revolution, and built a log cabin. He returned to St. Albans after the close of the war in 1785, and lived a while at the bay. He was a public spirited man, and a great help to the infant settlement. He, after a short time, removed to what is now the village of St. Albans. He was accidentally drowned off Isle la Motte in October, 1795, while returning from Canada in a skiff laden with salt. His memory is per- petuated in the street that bears his name and also in the magnificent hotel, the pride and glory of St. Albans, which stands upon the north side of the public park and which bears the name of the Welden House. 98 ST. ALBANS, VERMONT. 99 ITS CHARMING SITUATION. St. Albans contains at this time about 7000 inhabitants and is situated on a gentle slope from east to west. The highest point is found at the residence of ex-Governor Smith, which is 215 feet above the depot. In the center of the village is a beautiful park called Taylor Park which is fifty by twenty rods in extent. It was formerly known as the square or "common" but on June 11, 1870, it was named Taylor Park by the trustees of the village, in honor of Hollaway Taylor, one of the early settlers of the town, who, September 26, 1799, deeded the land that it contains to the town for the purpose for which it has since been used. The park is surrounded by maples planted in 1838, which have attained good size for shade and ornament. Near the north end of the park is a fine fountain costing $3000, presented to the village by ex-Gov- ernor Smith, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, St, Albans has seven church edifices, belonging to the Congregational, Methodist, Baptist, Episcopal, Universalist and Catholic denominations, and costing nearly $150,000; an academy building, costing $40,000 ; a court house, erected at an expense of $75,000 ; a model opera 100 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF house; the Warner House for Little Wanderers, the St. Albans Hospital, both the gift of Mrs. Chauncy Warner of Cambridge ; a public reading-room supported by subscription ; a rail- road library and a town library; a system of water-works costing $165,000; electric lights; one national bank and one trust company ; two brass bands and four literary and musical clubs; a flourishing G. A. R. post; Masonic and Odd Fellows' lodges; a military company and various other organizations. St. Albans possesses first-class educational facilities. The graded system prevails, with an academic department where scholars are fitted for college. The St. Albans Academy is a superior institution of learning, and its high standing brings in nearly one hundred outside pupils, who pay annually about $1,000 in tuition fees. Graduates from the academy have taken high rank in leading New England colleges in the past. The village expends nearly $10,000 annually for the support of the schools. The St. Albans water supply is brought by gravitation from North Fairfax, four miles dis- tant, a pond, by the construction of a dam twenty-eight feet high, having been converted into a reservoir of 100,000,000 gallons capacity. The reservoir is fed by springs, small streams and a water shed of 2000 acres. The average head is 335 feet. Over thirteen miles of pipe are in use, and tliere are fire hydrants in all parts of the village. The cost of the water works system was $165,000. ST. ALBANS, VERMONT. m A RAILROAD CENTER. St. Albans is the center of railroads from four directions, and the village has attained dis- tinction in the railway world as being the headquarters of the Central Vermont Railroad sys- tem. From the general office of this management more miles of road are operated and a larger number of employees are directed than from the headquarters of any other railroad com- pany in New England. In this state alone the Central Vermont disburses more than $1,500,000 along its line for material and labor annually, and more than 3,000 men are engaged in the operations of its roads. The locomotives and car shops, and engine houses located Kysi INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF here are large and substantial structures. The officers and employees of the road residing in St. Albans with their families number nearly 3,000 persons, while the yearly amount disbursed in wages to the force residing here approximate half a million dollars. CONFEDERATE AND FENIAN RAIDS. The raid of October 19, 1864, gave to St. Albans a notoriety greater than any event which ever occurred within its bounds before or since. A band of armed and desperate ruffians, twenty-two in number, came from Canada and stopped at the hotels as guests and strangers to each other, and, in open daylight, at a concerted hour, robbed the banks of $208,000, killed one man and wounded several others, and made their escape into Canada on horses stolen from the livery stables. The robbers were arrested in Canada, examined and discharged by the magistrates on the ground that it was out of their jurisdiction to hold them, it being in time of war. The Canadian government, not sympathizing with the magistrates, through the governor-general recommended to the Provincial Parliament that they apjjropriate $50,000 in gold to be paid to the banks as an equivalent for the money found upon the captured robbers, and which had been restored to them by the magistrates. This amount was voted by parlia- ment and paid to the banks, being equivalent to $88,000 in currency. St. Albans was again the scene of considerable excitement, in June, 1866, by the concentration here of the "right wing of the army of Ireland," more commonly known as the Fenian organization for the inva- sion of Canada. On the sixth of the month the force concentrated at Franklin and on the next day the commanding officer, General Spear, ordered an advance and the column moved into Canada, and established the " Headquarters of the army of Ireland '' in an ordinary farm house by the road-side, the entire force amounting to 1,200 men. Expected re-inforcements and supplies not arriving, the men became disheartened and returned to their homes, and the pro- ject of invading Canada was given up. ADVANTAGES AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE. The pure air and delightful scenery of St. Albans have, within the past few years, come to be appreciated, and it has acquired considerable reputation as a summer resort. The village has five first-class hotels, well kept and all having an abundant patronage. A series of beau- tiful and picturesque drives stretch out in every direction, and from the hills which surround the village can be obtained some of the finest views to be found in this or any other country. St. Albans is a port of entry for all freight in transit from Western and Canadian points via the Grand Trunk and Central Vermont line. Here all freight trains are set out for a short time for examination, and cars containing dutiable goods are inspected by U. S. custom officers. The duties collected here amount to $500,000 a year. St. Albans is one of the foremost flour depots of the East and has a storehouse capacity of 20,000 barrels- ST. ALBANS VERMONT CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.— There is no feature of the rapid development of the United States of more interest than that of the prompt completion of pubUc works of the most difficult and extensive character, and requiring the highest order of talent and practical experience, coupled with ample re- sources. There is thus great credit attaching to our leading con- tractors and engineers for the achievements marking their career. The only bridge building company in northern New England is the Vermont Construction Company, whose office and shops are located in St. Albans. This company established their business here in 1886, locating at the start in the old St. Albans rolling mill, but are at pres- ent occupying large mills and shops, which were built by them for their occupancy in 1890. Their present works are thoroughly equipped with new and improved machinery, operated by a Harris- Corliss engine of 125 horse-power, and steady employment is given here to thirty -five skilled hands, while large gangs of workmen are employed in building bridges and heavy contract work outside. This company are designers and manufacturers of iron and steel bridges for railroads and highways, and also viaducts, girders, turn- tables, iron roofs, every variety of iron construction and iron and steel structural work, while their commanding ability has been re- peatedly demonstrated in the many important contracts which they have successfully executed throughout New England, New York, New Jersey, and the south. Special prices are made to towns and corporations for bridges, and estimates and drawings, with prices, are furnished free on application. Their superior facilities and experience, coupled with ample capital and material at command, enable them to guarantee the prompt and perfect fulfillment of all contracts, and parties and corporations securing the services of this company can rely upon obtaining advantages difficult of duplication elsewhere in this country. The officers of the Vermont Construction Company are R. F. Hawkins, president; D. E. Bradley, vice-presi- dent; J. E. Norton, treasurer; A. L. Davis, engineer. These gentle- men bring vast experience to bear in every branch of their profes- sion, and enjoy the highest of reputations for mechanical genius, commercial integrity and great practical skill. ST. AI^BANS FOUNDRY COMPANY, Lake Street.- This company enjoy a national reputation as manufacturers of car wheels, railroad and machinery castings, mill gearing, pulleys, shaf t- ing and engine work; farmers' boiler stoves, slop sinks, sled shoes, arch doors and grates, tread horse-powers, speed regulators, over- shot threshers, drag and circular saw machines for sawing wood, plows, dirt scrapers, stump and stone lifters, etc. The business was founded in 1840, and the management brings to bear upon its every department vast practical experience, perfected facilities and wide- spread connections. It is the oldest establishment of the kind in New England, and one of the foremost in the country. The works consist of seven large brick buildings, located directly opposite the Central Vermont passenger station, and are equipped with an elabo- rate outfit of machinery, operated by a 75 horse-power engine, and 100 horse-power boiler, and steady employment is given to sixty skilled and expert workmen. The foundry transacts a general busi- ness in machinery, castings and iron work, and manufacture car wheels, forgings and agricultural implements, making a leading specialty of railway horse-powers, threshing machines and fodder shredders and wood-sawing machines to be used with their powers. These horse-powers are made for one, two and three horses, and are equipped with speed regulators. The threshers have a vibrating sep- arator and cleaner. The trade in these machines has attained im- mense proportions, and many of them are exported. The foundry melts from nine to eleven tons of iron per day. Only the best grades of iron, steel and other materials are used. The patron- age is immense and influential throughout the United States and many foreign countries, and is annually increasing. The officers of the St. Albans Foundry Company are Hon. Worth- ington C. Smith, president; W. Tracy Smith, vice-president, secretary and treasurer; J. C. Leslie, general superintendent. The president has been prominent in public life in this state for years; lias served this district as a representative to Congress, has been a member of the state senate, and filled other positions of honor and trust with great credit and acceptance. His son, W. Tracy Smith, has been trained to this business since his graduation from college, and is an efficient officer and a pushing, progressive business man. Both are members of the St. Albans Board of Trade. The general superintendent, Mr. Leslie, is eminently fitted by experience and ability to successfully discharge the responsible duties of his posi- tion. C. WYMAN & SON, Jewelry, etc.. No. 119 Main Street.— In no branch of industry in the United States have more rapid advances been made than in the manufacture of watches, jewelry and silver- ware. For many years, especially for the finer and more artistic productions we have been compelled to look to Europe, for our sup- ply, but to-day American productions quite equal, if not excel in excellence of workmanship and beauty of design the best goods made in foreign countries. A representative and old established house in St. Albans actively engaged in this important industry, justly deserving its enviable reputation for dealing in none but A 1 goods and honorable business methods is that of Messrs. Charles Wyman & Son, eligibly located at No. 119 Main Street, one door from the corner of Bank Street. This veritable landmark is the oldest house of its kind in this section of the state and was founded origi- nally about the year 1800, by a Mr. Eaton, who was succeeded by Mr. A. H. Huntington, and in 1849 Messrs. Huntington & Wyman be- came its proprietors, and seven years afterwards Messrs. C. & J. Wyman took charge of its affairs, and they in turn were succeeded by the firm of Messrs. Wyman & Huntington in 1862, and upon the retirement of Mr. Huntington, six years after this date, Mr. Charles Wyman became sole proprietor and conducted its business with un- varying success until 1888, when his son was admitted into partner- ship under the present firm title, while the trade is annually increas- ing in volume and influence. They occupy a spacious and commo- dious store, neatly and attractively appointed and provided with every convenience for the advantageous display of their large and valuable assortment of goods, and its inspection by customers. The stock carried embraces none but the very best and most reliable goods, such as fine gold and silver watches of both European and American production; elegant diamonds, pearls, rubies, emeralds and other precious gems set in the most exquisite and unique styles; engagement, wedding and souvenir rings, ear rings, pendants, brooches, bracelets, bangles and necklaces; watch chains, charms, chatelaines and lockets; solid gold, silver and plated ware; French, Swiss and American clocks; art novelties in gold, silver, bronze; spectacles, eyeglasses, lenses, opera and field glasses and other opti- cal goods, fine pocket and table cutlery, etc. These goods have been most carefully selected to meet the wants of a first-class patronage, are unsurpassed in quality and artistic workmanship and are guar- anteed to be as represented, while the very lowest prices are quoted. A specialty is the repairing of fine watches, clocks and jewelry, also engraving, in which department none but thoroughly skilled and ex- perienced workmen are engaged and all work done here is warranted to give complete satisfaction. Both father and .son are thoroughly ex- perienced and practical men in all branches of the trade, enterpris- ing, pleasant and courteous men, honorable and reliable in their deaUngs and highly respected in social and commercial circles. Mr. Charles Wyman has been president of the village trustees and also had the honor of representing the St. Albans district in the State Legislature in the year 1866, and discharged his duties as such to the great satisfaction of his constituents and credit to himself. 103 104 1 \ D U S T K I E S A \ 1) \V K A 1. T 1 1 () F Isaac S. Borley. — It needs no argument to convince prudent property holders that it is their duty to themselves and families, to protect their interests against loss by fire. This taken for granted, it is of course, the first wish of all to be insured in strong, reliable, prompt and fair companies, and do business with trustworthy agents, who will look after their interests as his own, and in case of loss do all in his power to secure them a just and prompt settlement of their claims. Such insurance is offered by Isaac S. Bor- ley, whose name for honesty, fair dealing and quick adjustments is by no means donfined to his business territory. His business is not limited to fire insur- ance, but includes Life, Accident, Employers' Lia- bility, Fidelity and Plate Glass Insurance. The agency was established in 1870. The fol- lowing list of strong and reliable companies of which Mr. Borley is general agent for Franklin and Grand Isle counties, guarantees to property owners sure idemnity in case of loss : The Sun Fire Office of London, the strongest company in the world ; the Royal, which has the largest assets of any company in the world ; the Pennsylvania, one of the oldest companies in America ; the Northern, London & Lancashire, Continental, Springfield, Liberty, Amer- ican, New England, Granite State, Norwich Union, People's, North British & Mercantile, Lancashire, and Phoenix of London, Mr. Borley's companies have such confidence in his judgment and fairness that most of them allow him to adjust all losses in his territory. He is also general agent for northern Vermont, including Burlington, for the Massachu- setts Mutual Life Insurance Company, one of the best companies in the country ; he also represents the Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn., which is the foremost accident company in the world. He has recently been appointed state agent for the American Casualty & Insurance Secur- ity Company, which issues bonds guaranteeing the honesty of persons occupying positions of trust, such as bank officers and clerks, and treasurers of corpor- tions. The general agency of the American Employers Liability Insurance Company for the State of Ver- mont, which insures employers against accident to their employees and others, and suits resulting therefrom, has also been recently given him. By reason of the large increase which has been recently made in his business, Mr. Borley has now the largest general insurance business in the state of Vermont, and all persons or corporations in any part of the country, having large amounts of insurance to place, would do well to correspond with him before placing it elsewhere, as he has facilities for placing lines of from one thousand to a million dollars or even more on short notice and at the very lowest possible rates. It is but an illustration of what can be done by honest dealing and attention to business, and all who entrust their interest in his keeping may be as-, sured that they will be well cared for. Mr. Borley's office, which is at the corner of Main and Kingman Streets, with an entrance in the Stevens block has all possible facilities for carrying on a first-class bus- iness, and with its handsome appointments, is the finest insurance office in the state. h T. A L H A N 8 , \' E It M () \ T . 10."> AMERICATV HOUSE:, Main and Lake Streets, S. I. Stroud, Proprietor.— The American House at St. Albans fills a niche in the es- teem and popularity of the traveling public peculiarly its own. The substantial appearance of the house impresses the stranger favora- bly at the first glance as being a flrst-class hotel in all respects, while its wide open door reveals a cordial welcome and all the tasteful comforts of a home. It was erected in 1830, and opened to the public by Samuel Barlow. It was for many years under the management of the late Hiram Pierce, and finally became the property of Mr. S. I. Stroud, the present popular proprietor in 1876. It is built of brick, four stories high and has first-cla.-^s aci-onimodations for one hundred guests. No luxury afforded in situation, surrotnulings, modern con- veniences or management in any hotel is lacking at the American. It is located in the very heart of the business center of the town, at the corner of Main and Lake Streets and fronting the beautiful Tay- lor Park, and is convenient alike to the permanent patron, the com- mercial tourist and the transient guest. The house is provided with electric lights, electric call bells and steam heat, while as regards sanitary arrangements and means of escape in case of fire the Amer- ican is unrivaled. A flrst-class livery is connected with the house, where some fifteen horses are kept for hire and free carriages run to and from the depot. The cuisine of the house is worthy of special commendation, being under the most experienced management, and kept up to the highest point of excellence. The proprietor is the •owner of a farm two miles out of town, where he raises his own veg- etables and supplies milk and butter from his own dairy. Terms are placed upon a popular basis, and a stay at this hotel is always remembered as a pleasant experience. Mine host Stroud is a Ver- monter by birth, and a perfect master of the art of modern hotel- keeping while his reputation is so widely known and worthily sus- tained as to place him far beyond the requirements of any praise which these pages could bestow. RICHAKDSON, TWIGG & CO., Dry Goods, etc., No. 148 Main Street. — This representative house was opened by the present lirm in 1889, and is not only a splendid monument to the intelligent enterprise of its proprietors, but it is one of those houses whose great and honorable success reflects luster upon the name of St. Al- bans as a growing mercantile center. The business premises com- prise two floors 25 x 185 feet each, elegantly fitted up with electric lights, steam heat, the Lamson cash carrier system, and every known convenience for the manipulation and display of the large .and valuable stock that is constantly carried. The premises are di- vided into appropriate departments, each in charge of competent •clerks, thus securing the most satisfactory service. In dress goods lis shown the latest shades and patterns in black and colored silks, satins, velvets and velveteens, ottomans, Rhadamaux, cashmeres and prints; while other lines include blankets, flannels and house- keeping goods; linens, ginghams and white goods; hosiery, gloves, :and underwear; corsets, bustles and dress trimmings; laces, ribbons and embroideries; notions, fancy goods and small wares in great ■variety and profusion. The cloak department, to which special at- tention is given by this firm, is a striking instance of the willingness of the public to co-operate with the merchants whose endeavors are directed toward supplying their patrons with the best and latest in the market, and at the very lowest prices consistent with the ideas of modern merchandising. Planted but a short year ago, this little acorn has grown to a tall, sturdy oak. The soil of public favor has been fertile in the extreme, and to-day this department . has out- grown in size and trade that of any other store in this section of the country. This success has arisen from various causes, among which may be named the ability of the flrm to buy for cash in all markets, and their enterprise in securing novelties as fast as they ap- pear. Their garments this season are far above the average both tor style, variety and cheapness, and they embrace the most valuable fur cloaks, sealskin sacques, plush and fur-lined newmarkets, tight- fitting ulsters, directoire, raglans, peasant coats, cloth and plush wraps, cloth and plush Modjeskas, cloth and plush jackets. Jerseys and Jersey waists, childrens' and infants' cloaks, and the latest fur novelties. Nothing has been too fine or fashionable for Messrs. Rich- ardson, Twigg & Co. to buy and the ladies of St, Albans have an op- portunity this season of making their selections from a stock second ,to few displayed by the largest houses in New York and Boston. The carpet department is brilliant and dazzling in its display of bright colors and handsome effects, in the newest patterns of Wiltons Moquettes, Axminsters, Brussels, tapestries and ingrains; while the assortments also include linoleums, floor and table oil cloths, linen, damasks, paper hangings, curtain materials, window shades, draper- ies, rugs and mattings. The business is conducted at both wholesale and retail. The members of the firm are Me.ssrs. A. 'S. Richardson, G. P. Twigg and J. B. Kavauaugli, all of whom are native Vermont ers, experienced and talented merchants. G. W. SHATTUCK, Groceries, No. IT Lake Street.— In the whole range of commercial enterprise there is no more important interest than that represented in the sale of groceries. This fact is recognized and appreciated by all intelligent and thoughtful people, and therefore the selection of a dealer from whom to purchase our supplies is a matter which calls for serious consideration and dis- criminating judgment. A prominent, prosperous and thoroughly reliable house engaged quite extensively in this line of trade in St. Albans, well deserving of the high reputation it enjoys for handling only absolutely pure and fresh goods and liberal dealings is that of Mr. George W. Shattuck, whose popular headquarters are eligibly located at No. 17 Lake Street. This well-known i-esort for food sup- plies was established in 1864, and its present proprietor is a thor- oughly experienced man in all branches of the business, and under his enterprising management and direction the business has grown to its present large proportions and influence, derived principally from among our best classes of citizens. The premises utilized for the business are very spacious and commodious, comprising a store 40 x 125 feet in dimensions, which is most admirably arranged and fitted up with every convenience to facilitate the transaction of business and accommodation of the large assortment of goods con- stantly on hand. The stock embraces everything in the line of choice staple and fancy groceries, including the very purest of fresh new crop young Hyson, gunpowder. Souchong, Oolong, imperial. English breakfast, Japan and other teas; choice Mocha, Java and Rio coffees, cocoas, chocolates and spices; select brands of canned goods, table delicacies, sauces, relishes, condiments, foreign and domestic fruits; sugars, syrups, molasses, best family flour, cereal and farinaceous foods; gilt-edge dairy and fancy creamery butter and cheese, fresh eggs, pure leaf lard, garden and farm produce. salt and smoked meats and provisions, best brands of cigars, smok- ing and chewing tobaccos, bakers' and laundry supplies, tubs, pails. brooms and kindred supplies, etc. The goods sold here are well known for their purity, all round excellence and uniform quality, wliile the very lowest prices are quoted and customers know that nothing inferior or adulterated will be sold to them. Order, system ami cleanliness are strictly obsen'ed, polite service is accorded to jiatrons and orders are delivered at residences in the city free of cl large. Mr. Shattuck is a native of this state, a pleasant, courteous man of superior business abihtyand is highly respected by all with whom he has any business transactions. DR. GIIilttAN, Dentist, No. 1 Kingman Street.— Mr. S. Gilman had the honor to establish the first dental establishment in St. Albans, or in Franklin County in 1844. In the year of 1850, he formed a partner- ship with a dentist, and the flrm became known as Messrs. Gilman & Kilbourn. In 1856 it became Gilman & McGoran; in 1866 Gilman & Sheerer, and in 1878, Mr. Gilman reverted to his original standing of sole proprietor. In 1864 he introduced nitrous oxyd gas for the pain- less extraction of teeth. The first time it was used in the state was for Dr. G. Q. Cotton's son, when he extracted four teeth without pain, and he has continued its use successfully from that time till the present. He is one of the most reliable men in his profession and does the fin- est work, in extracting, excavating, treating, filling, crowning and preparing teeth, and making new plates. He is careful, upright and conscientious in his professional duties and commands the best patronage from the best people of this city and vicinity. His office is supplied with every modern convenience known to the dental pro- fession, while his rooms are finely fitted with the conveniences for the comfort of patients. Dr. Gilman is ex-president of the Vermont Dental Association, He is a member of the F. and A. M. and for a long term of years has been honored with the office of justice of tlie peace, and has done more official business than any other man in the city. He is a native of Chelsea. Vt. 106 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF FREDERICK. DUTCHER & SONS, Druggists, No. 109 Main Street.— In its specialties the wholesale and retail drug house of Frederick Butcher & Sons is one of the most eminently represen- tative in the United States. To its splendid facilities as manufactur- ing chemists, they add old-established influential connections, while the firm is one that embraces young men full of well directed energy, yet possessed of vast practical experience. The business was estab- lished in 1&41 by Mr. L. L. Dutcher, who was succeeded by Messrs. L. L. Dutcher & Sons in 1851. In 1876, Mr. F. Dutcher succeeded to the control and in 1886 the present firm name was adopted. They have a fine large salesroom, handsomely fitted up and containing a fine line of drugs. They manufacture fly paper and Dutcher's Golden Butter color. A fine building, 40 x 100 feet in dimensions and three stories high is used as a manufactory. Fifteen hands are employed and 46,000 sheets of paper are made daily. Dutcher's Golden Liquid, the first butter color ever made, had its origin in this firm. Golden Liquid was originally manufactured to supply the demands of the Franklin County dairyman. Its popularity soon spread beyond the confines of the county and it is now sold throughout the entire New England States. Mr. Frederick Dutcher manufactured a little at first for a few of his local customers. As its worth became known the demand increased, and it is now in use in all parts of the country. The firm employ four traveling salesmen and their specialties have a world-wide celebrity. An immense stock of drugs, druggists' sundries, fancy goods, chemicals, etc., are constantly carried, also a full supply of art materials. It is to such houses as this that Ver- mont owes her supremacy in the drug business, and Messrs. F. Dutcher & Sons with unremitting energy and enterprise are pursu- ing that liberal, honorable policy which early laid the foundations that now support the fabric of this great representative house. E. DESANTEIiS, Grocer, No. 105 Lake Street.— There is no more important branch of commerce in any prominent center of trade than the grocery line, as it includes almost every article of necessary food, among which are the products of the most remote portions of the world, and to obtain these in their freshness and purity is a matter of serious consideration with eveiy purchaser and consumer. A prominent, prosperous and reliable house extensively engaged in this line of business in St. Albans and enjoying a wide- spread reputation for handling none but first-class and reUable goods, attending strictly to the wants of customers and dealing liber- ally, is that of Mr. E. Desantels, whose popular and ably conducted headquarters are centrally located at No. 105 Lake Street. This en- terprise was founded originally in 1875 by Mr. D. Thiebault, who conducted it with excellent success until 1888 when he disposed of it to the present proprietor. Mr. Desantels is a Canadian by birth, and has been a resident here for many years, and is a thoroughly experienced man in all branches of this trade, and under his enter- prising direction the business of this establishment has grown to its present large and influential proportions. He occupies a spacious and commodious store, neatly and appropriately fitted up and pro- vided with every convenience for the successful prosecution of the business, while the large variety of articles embraced in the stock is such as directly relates to the general wants of the community, and includes everything in the line of choice staple and fancy groceries, such as absolutely pure and fresh new-crop teas from China and Japan, the choicest of Mocha, Java and South American coffees, cocoas, chocolates, ground and whole spices, select brands of canned goods, table delicacies, sauces, condiments, relishes, foreign and do- mestic fruits; sugar, syrups and molasses; choice family flour, fancy cereal and farinaceous foods; gilt edge dairy and fancy creamery butter and cheese, fi-esh eggs, pure leaf lard, farm and garden products; salt and smoked meats and fish, popular brands of cigars, smoking and chewing tobaccos, bakers' and laundry supplies, tubs, pails, brooms, brushes, mops, and kindred household necessi- ties: in fact, everything usually found in a well-conducted grocery establishment. The goods emanating from this house are noted for their purity and uniform excellence and low prices. Order, neatness and cleanliness are observable on all sides, and polite assistants attend promptly to the wants of customers, while orders are deliv- ered at residences in the city free of charge. Mr. Desantels is a gen- tleman of superior business ability, courteous and affable in his rela- tions in business, honorable, prompt and energetic, and is higlily respected in social and commercial circles. A. F. liANE, Books, No. 110 Main Street.— One of St. Albans' business landmarks, surrounded by pleasant historic associations, is the establishment conducted by Mr. Albert F. Lane, at No. 116 Main Street, and familiarly known as the " St. Albans Bookstore." This house was founded in 1840, by Mr. E. B. Whiting, and, after several changes, the present proprietor succeeded to the control in 1882. The literary residents of the town, and all lovers of good reading, make it their chief rendezvous. It is patronized by both ladies and gentlemen, young and old, from all classes of society, and, espe- cially during the holidays, is the busiest place in town. It has well stocked departments for books, periodicals and stationery; blank books, artists' materials and pocket cutlery; engravings, etchings and art goods; wall papers, decorations, toys and games. The stock contains at all times scientific, agricultural and miscellaneous works from the best authors; works of devotion, praj-er books, hymnals and Bibles; books in fine bindings, and illustrated works in prose and poetry; maps, globes and guide books; sporting and yachting books, and out-of-door literature generally; juvenile books, toys and games in vast variety ; albums, leather goods and Christmas gifts for all tastes and fancies; artists' materials in complete assort- ment, and art novelties; with special counters for newspapers, periodicals and seaside novels. This house is never without the last "new thing" in English, French or American literature, and it is headquarters for every line of goods here mentioned to a wide circle of trade. Mr. Lane makes a specialty of wall papers, and decora- tions and carries a large stock at all times in all the newest patterns and designs. Mr. Lane is a native of New Hampshire, and known and honored in this community as an enterprising, progressive merchant and a reliable, public spirited citizen. ST. AIjBAIVS beef company, Near Central Vermont Depot.— The great west has for many years been the chief source of supply for fresh meats. In order, however, to carry live cattle and sheep by rail long distances, they are packed in a car like sardines in a box, making it impossible for the animals to lie down, and they are exposed to the storms of winter and the exhausting heat and sun of summer. The transporting of cattle in this style can have but one result^-the animals arrive at the eastern market in a feverish, unhealthy condition, bruised, worn out and with great loss of weight. By killing and dressing the beef in Chicago, the long jour- ney for the live stock is avoided, there is no shrinkage in weight, and good wholesome beef is delivered to the consumers in this mar* ket at a much lower price than was possible under the old system. In connection with these remarks we desire to make special mention of the St. Albans Beef Company, commission dealer in Swift's Chi- cago dressed beef, mutton, pork, etc., whose salesrooms in St. Albans are conveniently located near the Central Vermont passen- ger depot. The business was established here in 1888, and under the efficient management of Mr. O. R. Swett has been rapidly increasing. They occupy the finest cooler in the state, fitted up with everything necessai-y for storing and preserving their meat, which is of the very best quality. All orders receive prompt attention, and goods are deliveretl free of extra charge. The company handle two to four car loads per week. R. H. SMITH, Photographer, No. 114 Main Street.— A house . in St. Albans which can be truly called a leader in its special line is that of Mr. R. H. Smith— more popularly known as "Smith's Photo- graph Parlors." The business is one of long standing and was founded over forty years ago. Since 1865 the present proprietor has had sole control, and has conducted the business in strict accord- ance with the highest rules of business principles. Tlie present loca- tion has been occupied for the past four years. The studio and par- lors are fitted up in elegant style, provided with the most costly apparatus, and adapted especially for the finest work in this line. Every description of photographic work is done, as well as fine color and crayon portraiture, in this last respect the house employing brilliant and talented artists, and doing work for people all over the country. Indeed, general portrait work is their leading specialty. The prices in vogue at this establishment are most reasonable when the high quality of the work turned out is considered. Everything is the best that can possibly be obtained, and this is certainly one of the finest equipped galleries in this section. Mr. Smith is a native of this state, an honored member of F. and A. M. and a respected citi- zen of St. Albans. ST. ALBANS, VERMONT, 107 C. H. HARVEY, P'urniture, No. 138 Main Street.— Decorative art has entered into the tastes of the American people to such an extent that the houses of this country present some of the finest specimens of furnishing in the world. This is the line of business in which Mr. C. H. Harvey is engaged at No. 138 Main Street, St. Albans. His business was established a great many years ago by Mr. Samuel Livingstone, Mr. Harvey having succeeded him in 1880. He has four floors, 30 X 70 feet, stocked with the most artistic furniture, window shades, wall paper, pictures and frames, and everything that goes to make the residences of the wealthy look rich and beautiful. He sells furniture from the finest woods, in suites, sofas, chairs, rockers, re- clining and easy chairs, settees, lounges, beds, folding and post beds, wash-stands, commodes, wardrobes, dressing bureaus, mirrors, mar- ble and wood-topped furniture, bric-a-brac, ball, drawing-room, sit- ting-room, parlor, dining-room, bedroom, kitchen and bath-room furniture, chairs, etc. He deals in window shades of every descrip- tion, all of the little notions that go to decorate a room, drapery, cur- tains, curtain poles, chains, and the largest assortment of pictures, picture frames, and wall paper in Franklin County. He does a wholesale and retail trade, carrying a tremendous stock of the finest goods. His store is artistically and beautifully arranged, a visit to it being like going into a gallery of art, where all of the finest house- hold goods are displayed. He employs eight persons and draws his custom from the first families of town. Mr. Harvey is a native of Canada and a merchant of natural talent and training. He is an up- right man of business, loyal to truth in all of his dealings and stands high as a citizen and in the social sets. IVEIjDEN house:, waiter B. Johnson, Manager.— The " Welden," was erected in 1865 by a stock company, who conducted it until 1883, when the late Lansing Millis became sole owner. In March, 1890, the property was purchased by Mr. John Greenway, of Syracuse, N. Y., who inaugurated a new order of things, and the fair fame of this famous hostelry has been fully restored. He is deter- mined that no effort shall be spared to meet the wants of the public in a first-class house, and recognizing the fact that management is the keynote to success in any hotel, he secured the services of Mr. Walter B. Johnson, of Boston, as manager. This gentleman has had large experience in hotel management, and from his book of knowl- edge upon the subject, many a hotel man in Boston and New York might well take a leaf. The Welden surpasses in size, beauty and equipment any other hotel in the state, while it is the only commo- dious and well-appointed summer resort in this region. It is a large, five-story brick edifice, built upon three sides of a square, with a well- lighted inner court, thus admitting sunshine into every room in the house. Its location is excellent. It faces, the finest park in Ver- mont, and overlooks the beautiful village, and the charming scenery of Lake Champlain and the Adirondacks in the distance. There are two hundred rooms at the Welden, many of them en suite and sep- cially intended to secure the privacy of a home to families; while the house is lighted by gas and electricity, heated by steam through- out, provided with electric call bells and luxuriously furnished. The hotel is also provided with an Otis elevator, and a large music hall, while in the hotel building are the post office, a National Bank and a Western Union Telegraph office. The service is elaborate and a thorough system of organization is enforced by Mr. Johnson, who is no ornamental figure-head, but a " worker," who personally sees after the comfort of every guest. Great attention has been paid to sanitary regulations. The elevated site occupied by the hotel ensures a perfect system of drainage, and sanitary experts have put their seal of approval upon the entire new and perfect system lately ap- plied to the house. A first-class livery is connected with the hotel, 'buses carry passengers free to and from the depot, while a barber- shop and billiard room are among the necessities of modern hotel life here supplied for the convenience of guests. The finest table in St. Albans is set right here at the Welden. The proprietor is a liberal caterer. He believes in the best and plenty of it, and has in charge of the cuisine a skilled chef and competent assistants. A large farm near by furnishes a daily supply of fresh butter, cream, milk and vegetables. With a popular management understanding exactly how to satisfy the most varied and fastidious tastes, and with the lovely scenery and charming views surrounding it on every hand, it is not to be wondered at that the Welden is the Mecca for summer tourists. Its rates will be found very moderate. F. F. TWITCHEIili & CO., Dry Goods, etc., Main and Bank Streets.— The dry goods business has been carried on upon this site for over eighty years, the present firm succeeding to the control in 1881. The location is the most central both to the business and residental sections of the town, and the house has a splendid trade at botli wholesale and retail. Two floors, 32 x 60 feet each, are occu- pied, and these are fitted up and furnished in keeping with the cor- rect taste and sound judgment of the proprietor, inciuding electric lights, Lamson cash carrier system, and other arrangements for the convenience of customers and the adequate display of the magnifi- cent stock here carried. This is the busiest establishment in its line in town, its counters being thronged by patrons from all classes of the community. Each department is complete within itself, while the employees are noted for their courtesy and obliging manners. Customers can here obtain a complete outfit, not only of dry and fancy goods, but many household articles both for use and adorn- ment. The splendid stock contains everything desirable in the line of dress goods, the house being the recognized headquarters for silks, satins, velvets and velveteens, ottomans, Rhadamaux, cash- meres and prints; also for cloaks, suits and shawls; tight-fitting ulsters and the latest fur novelties, all the freshest patterns in Wil- tons, Moquettes, Axminsters, Brussels, tapestry, ingrain and other carpetings; linoleums, rugs and oil cloths, window shades, etc., and housekeeping goods; hosiery, notions and fancy goods in vast variety. This house is first to secure the most desirable novelties in all fabrics of the loom, in fancy goods and ladies' garments, and in- variably guarantees the lowest prices. Mr. Twitchell is a native Vermonter, and one of St. Albans' prominent citizens and leading business men. He is president of the board of school trustees, a member of the K. of P. and a K. T., and has served as president of the St. Albans board of trade. E. ». FULIiER, Livery Stable, No. 104 Main Street.— This well-known stable was established in 1820 and was the first livery established in town. It is and always has been a very popular resort for the public in search of first-class "rigs." Mr. E. D. Fuller, the proprietor, is a son of Mr. Wm. Fuller, who established the business and retired in 1865, the son taking control at this time. The premises occupied on Main Street cover a large space and afford accommo- dation to a number of fine horses; about forty on an average are- kept. Special attention is given to boarding horses and in this sta- ble can be seen some fine animals owned by wealthy gentlemen at the town. The stalls are all well regulated and receive careful atten- tion. The stables are well lighted, drained and ventilated. A com- plete and desirable line of fine carriages are kept, and rigs are fur- nished for all occasions where they may be required, such as balls, the theatre, entertainments, funerals, weddings, etc. It being a rule of the house to meet every call by telephone or otherwise promptly, patrons are assured of prompt and courteous treatment, while the prices charged are always fair and reasonable. As a dealer in horses Mr. Fuller has an extended reputation. He sells over one hundred horses per year, his specialties being gents' drivers and matched pairs, and is the largest dealer in horses in the state. His stock con- sists chiefly of Morgan, Hambletonian and Phil Sheridan breeds. Mr. Fuller is a native of St. Albans. MISS E. C. MAXHAM, Ladies' Trimmings, No. Ill Mam St.— This is in all respects a well-appointed, first-class establishment, com- plete in every department and receives a large and influential patron- age. Miss Emma C. Maxham, the proprietress, commenced the busi- ness in 1876, and it at once leaped into public favor, developing a trade of permanent and extensive proportions. The general store- room comprises a finely appointed apartment, artistically arranged with all essential requisites for displaying and showing off, the stock in an attractive manner. The stock here displayed embraces every- thing in the wide range of ladies' fine trimmings and furnishing goods— articles, in fact, most dear to the feminine heart. Many specialties are noted, particularly Butterick's patterns, for which this house is the agency here. The stock handled by Miss Maxham is made up of the very finest goods of this nature that could be ob- tained. In quality, workmanship and finish it is unexcelled in this town by that of any contemporary establishment, while the prices quoted are extremely moderate. Miss Maxham is a native of this, state, a lady of courteous manners, and is very much respected here.. 108 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF DRISCOL.L. & GRAVES, Grain and Mill Feed, Lake and Market Streets.— Tiiere is not among all the great staple food prod- ucts that enter into general consumption any that exceeds in impor- tance those of hay, feed and grain, and it is in the nature of things, therefore, that the sale and handling of these articles should consti- tute one of the principal branches of mercantile activity in every center of trade and conunerce. A comparatively new house devoted to this line of trade in St. Albans and rapidly winning a most envi- able reputation in consequence of its superior supplies and honor- able, straightforward business methods is that of Messrs. Driscoll & Graves, whose popular and ably conducted headquarters are so eligibly located on the corner of Lake and Market Streets. The members of the firm are Mr. T. G. Driscoll and Mr. F. H. Graves, both Vermonters by birth, and having a wide range of experience in this line of trade, they formed this copartnership under the present firm title and inaugurated this enterprise in July, 1889, which at once secured a hold on public favor resulting in the development of a very large and influential patronage that is constantly increasing in volume and importance, extending throughout the city and sur- rounding vicinity. The premises occupied are spacious and commo- dious, comprising two floors and large storehouse in the rear, which are fitted up with special reference to the trade, which involves the daily handling of large quantities of heavy and bulky articles con- nected with the business and provided with ample accommodations for the large assortment constantly on hand. The stock carried em- braces the very choicest of everything in the line of domestic animal provender, including mill products such as bran, shorts, middlings, ship stuffs, cracked corn and oats, screenings, etc., also the very cleanest and best varieties of baled timothy, clover, red top, blue grass and other hay, clean and bright rye, oats and wheat straw, etc., clean, sweet and heavy oats, ear and shelled corn, besides a full stock of timothy, clover, red top, orchard, lawn and other grass seeds, field and garden vegetable seeds, etc. The firm makes a spe- cialty of the choicest brands of spring and winter wheat flour, also graham, rye and buckwheat flour, oatmeal, yellow and white bolted and unbolted corn meal and other fancy cereals of which they carry a full and complete variety at all times, besides meal cakes, condi- tion powders and other special articles for horses and cattle ; and also E. Frank Coe's high grade, ammoniated bone super-phosphate. The firm enjoys close business connections with shippers and the most prominent millers, and all goods purchased from them can be relied upon as pure and wholesome. All orders receive prompt at- tention and are delivered in the city free of charge when desired. Messrs. Driscoll and Graves are gentlemen of superior business ability, enterprising, courteous and honorable, and they justly merit the success they have achieved by their ability and perserverance. J. G. MOORE, Marble Worker, No. 91 Main Street. -These works were established in 1872. and are among the most extensive and prosperous in the country. The reputation and trade is not only local but national, and the operations of the house extend from Maine to California. This pleasing result is due mainly to the high quality of the work turned out, and also to the energetic and perse- vering management of the business. The works at No. 91 Main Street are of a very complete and spacious character, comprising two large yards, tipon which have been erected the necessary biiikl- iugs and slieddiiig for the several departments. The rubbing and polishing and other machinery is of the most improved make and is run by steam-power; indeed, the facilities of the works are such that all orders received are promptly executed and in the best manner. In marble, the house executes all manner of designs, par- ticularly cemetery and monumental works, and has set some of the finest monuments in the state. A large supply of marble and gran- ite, worked and in the rough, is kept in stock at all times, a spe- cialty being made of granite work. Estimates and designs are furnished on application. In all the job work done at these works, there is manifested a careful and skillful workmanship, and a display of good taste in material and execution which have largely added to the reputation already enjoyed by the concern. Mr. Moore, the pro- prietor, is a thoroughly practical man. He was born in this state, and during his residence in St. Albans, has become widely known and respected. He is a member of the G. A. R. and the K. of P. During the war, Mi\ Moore served gallantly in two Vermont regi- nemts, the First and the Twelfth. A. S. OliMSTEAD, Groceries, Etc., No. 142 Main Street.— A prominent, progressive and representative house engaged exten- sively in this line of business in St. Albans, handling none but reliable and A 1 goods, is that of Mr. A. S. Olmstead, successor to I. J. Good- hue, dealer in groceries, lamps, wooden, crockery and other wares. This enterprise was founded originally in 1870 by Mr. I. J. Goodhue, who conducted it with unvarying success until 1889, when he dis- posed of it to the present proprietor, who is a thoroughly experi- enced business man. The premises utilized are of ample dimensions, commodious, and admirably fitted up with special reference to the diflierent & SON, stoves, Etc., No. 162 South Main Street. —Messrs. J. Scofleld & Son are among the leading men engaged in this line in St. Albans. They deal in stoves, ranges, furnaces, tin- ware, etc., and also attend to plumbing and the arrangement of steam and hot water apparatus. The business was originally es- tablished by Miller & McEvoy in 1876; succeeded by Miller & Greene: they, by Miller & Scofield; that firm by Mr. J. Scofleld, individually; and in turn came Messrs. Scofleld & Son, in 1889. They occupy a well-stocked store, 22 x 70 feet, with a roomy basement, and employ a force of ten persons, while they deliver all orders. They handle every variety of stoves, for wood, small and large coal, base burn- ers; supply houses and buildings with the most useful furnaces: put in piping for water, gas and conducting steam heat; build radiators, fit water basins, sinks and bath-rooms, etc., while they also handle all kinds of tinware, pails, boilers, pans, basins, sieves, etc. Messrs. Scofleld & Son stand among St. Albans' leading merchants. They have proven themselves honorable and loyal to business principles. Mr. Scofleld, Sr., is a member of the F. and A. M., and a native of Canada. Mr. J. Scofleld was born in Vermont. FRED K. WOODWARD, Grocer, No. 167 So. Main Street.- Mr. Woodward is a native of this town, and is one of the leading and respected citizens of the place. He established his present enter- prise in 1888, and the spacious premises are in size 2.5 x 60 feet. Mr. Woodward conducts two important enterprises. In the flrst place he is one of the leading grocers of the town, keeping in stock a fine and select stock of fancy and staple groceries of every description, together with complete lines of such special -goods as confectionery and cigars. The line of confectionery is particularly fine, and era- braces all high grades in foreign and domestic candies. Mr. Wood- ward's trade in this department is wide-spread and extends among all classes in St. Albans. In the lunch room Mr. Woodward sells substantial refreshments of all kinds at all hours of the day and even- ing. He supplies the finest and choicest edibles the market affords and his place is the resort par excellence for our best class of citizens. The entire establishment presents at all times a busy and enlivening picture of human industry, and it is one of the features of this part of the town. T. C BRENN AX, Restaurant.— St. Albans is well supplied with a number of flrst-elass restaurants outside of the numerous hotels, and it owes much to the enterprising and energetic restauranters who have brought about this result. Prominent among these is the gentleman whose name heads this. Mr. Brennan is a native of Ire- land, and twenty years ago embarked in this business here, at which he has gained both fame and fortune. Since 1880 he has occupied his present quarters which are flnely arranged, elegantly fitted up and convenient in every way. Here, with every facility at hand, and with a table supplied at all seasons of the year with the best of everything the market affords, Mr. Brennan caters to and appeases the appetites of a most extensive patronage, regular and transient, ot this city and vicinity. In the character of " mine host," Mr. Brennan stands the acknowledged peer of any of his contemporaries in this section, and his popularity is due much to the courteous, affable demeanor he holds out to all, as well as to the fine quality of meals set up at his restaurant. F. N. TROMBL.EY, Baker, No. 77 Main Street.— The naturally productive state of the comitry surrounding St. Albans, makes this, city one of the richest and most abundant in table supplies and par- ticularly in the bakers' province, a line in which Mr. F. N. Trombley is engaged at No. 77 Main Street. He has one floor completely stocked with every commodity known to the bakers' art, and although estab- lished in business in 1890, Mr. Trombley is already doing a brisk and large trade, with every prospect of its growth. Everything that he carries in stock is flrst class and as a consequence he produces first- class bread stuffs. Mr. Trombley is a practical baker, having spent years in the duty of learning his trade and journeyman's work, be- fore starting in business for himself. He bakes and deals in the most delicious bread, crackers, pastry, cakes, pies, rolls, crullers, doughnuts, pound cakes, wine cakes, lady fingers, etc., and all sorts of plain, fancy, frosted, wedding, reception and tea cakes, baskets, etc. He buys only the best brands of flour, and uses the sweetest butter and lard and the finest grades of sugar and seasoning. He also makes and deals in choice sweets, confections, bon-bons, cara- mels, etc. Mr. Trombley's store is neat and handsomely arranged, and his customers are of the best.. He is a native of Canada. DR. C. S. CAITIPBELL., Dentist, No. 4 Bank Street.— Dr. C; S. Campbell, the well and favorably known dentist, for fully eight years has maintained a position in the front rank in his profession- He is, in fact, one of the oldest and best known practitioners in den- tistry in St. Albans. He was licensed by the State Board in 1882,. came to this city to locate, choosing this as his field of labor and per- manent home. He is a thoroughly practical and experienced den- tist of long and varied experience, both in the mechanical and scien- tific branches of the art. He occupies neatly appointed and com- pletely equipped offices at above address, having in service all the latest improved dental appliances and genera! appurtenances, and is prepared to attend to everything comprehended in modern dentistry in the most reliable and excellent manner. Teeth are extracted, filled and adjusted with judgment and skill at reasonable prices,, while plates are inserted and artificial work of every description ex- ecuted in the best form of the art. The doctor is a native of this, state and is very highly respected in this vicinity. MRS. AlilCE E. BAKER, Hair Work, No. 115 Main Street. — It would seem that there is no end to the resources for the supply of human hair, a Une in which Mrs. Alice E. Baker is en- gaged. She is a native of Vermont and a manufacturer of hair work, keeping constantly on hand a complete assortment for sale. She is also an expert in hair dyeing, making that a. specialty. Mrs. Baker established her business in 1875 and since that period has. made a great success as a dyer. The ingredients that she uses are sure not to injure the scalp or hair, but gives the hair a natural color which throws off all suspicion that it has ever been dyed. She keeps a large assortment of goods, including hair work of all sorts, bangs, false front pieces, switches, etc. She also sells everything in the way of variety, including toys, jewelry, school childrens' notions, fancy goods and a large assortment of goods used by ladies and mi-sses. She is the agent for every make of sewing machine, including the Household, Helpmate, New York, Singer, Weed, New Haven, and a great many others. Mrs. Baker is noted as an exceptionally clever business woman. THE miSSES liANE, Variety Store, No. 103 Lake Street.— The Misses Lane, who are the proprietors of one of the most notice- able variety and fancy stores in the city, established their business in 1888, and have now a neat and attractive salesroom and a roomy storehouse, where they keep a large stock of goods of every variety,, toys, games, blocks, balls, Yankee notions, books, slates, pencils, pens, paper, ink, tinware, pans, basins, boilers, cups, sieves, etc. The Misses Lane also cary a full line of the choicest confections, made from the purest sugar and syrups, including sweets, bon-bons, cara- mels, drops, stick candy, etc., which they dispose of in neat pack- ages; fruits of all kinds, apples, pears, grapes, peaches, plums, bananas, nuts of every variety ; sweetmeats, fancy cakes, lady fin- gers and an endless array of articles for grown persons and children^ They carry the best stock of everything and have built up a repu- tation for honorable business dealings. The Misses Lane are natives of Vermont, and are in the path of a success that does credit to their commercial talent. 110 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF A. S. HYDE & SON, Grocers, No. 118 Bank Street.— St. Albans has the honor to claim some of the oldest and most reliable busi- ness houses in the state, among the number being the grocery firm of A. S. and F. W Hyde, known as Messrs. A. S. Hyde & Son. This substantial old house was established away back in 1840, by Messrs. Atwood & Hyde. They were succeeded by Messrs. Hyde, Burton & Beardsley in 1845; then by Messrs. Hyde & Foster in 1850 by Mr. A. S. Hyde in 1855; and by Messrs. A. S. Hyde & Son in 1879. Mr. Hyde, Sr., has therefore been connected with the business for fifty years. That is a record worthy of historical note, a fact which brings the firm into review in these pages. Messrs. Hyde & Son occupy a floor 20 x 80 feet, and a large basement stocked with tlie choicest staple and fancy groceries, tea, coffee, sugar, flour, bread- stuffs, cheese, eggs, produce of every description, vegetables, fruits, nuts, confections, canned, preserved, dried and pickled goods, etc. Messrs. Hyde & Son, however, make a specialty of dealing in Frank- lin County butter and Vermont maple sugar. This butter is made from the milk of the most carefully clover and grass fed cows, who jare cared for and given the best attention. The butter is churned and prepared for the market with the utmost attention and comes in sweet and pure. The maple sugar is made with the closest care and bears the brand of the best sugar made. Messrs. Hyde & Son are among the most skilled merchants in St. Albans. They know their customers' tastes and satisfy them. Their clerks are polite and attentive, their store neat and attractive and they deliver all goods. They are popular men both in business and public walks. Mr. A. S. Hyde has been lister and town treasurer five years. He is a native of Georgia, Vt. Mr. F. W. Hyde was born in St. Albans and has been county treasurer nine years. COOTEGYS & WEBSTER, Dentists, No. 2 Kingman Street. —Dentistry is one of the most delicate and intricate of professions. Its ethics require a good deal more than mere mechanical skill, demanding in fact, as supplementary to the groundwork of its rudiments, talent, breadth of mind and a natural Inclination to mastering all its details. We have here in St. Albans a number of first-class dentists, men who, standing at the head of their profession enjoy reputations not confined merely to the limits of the town, but extending over a vast expanse of country as well. Of these it is a pleasure to note briefly the careers of the gentlemen composing this firm, Messrs. J. M. Comegys, M. D. and George O. Webster. Dr. Comegys is a native of Delaware and a graduate from Dartmouth College. In 1867 he es- tablished this office here and at once built up a large and lucrative practice. Being a doctor of medicine as well, the doctor found his time too much taken up in the prosecution of both professions and to relieve himself somewhat of the burden, he, this present year, ad- mitted Dr. Webster as associate partner in the practice of dentistry. Dr. Webster is a graduate from Philadelphia Dental College, and a thoroughly experienced practitioner. These gentlemen, under the firm style of Comegys & Webster, dentists, occupy superbly ap- pointed offices at No. 2 Kingman Street. Every department of this important profession is pursued, teeth extracted, filled and adjusted and artificial work of all kinds done, and the offices are supplied with the newest devised apparatus and appliances designed for dental practice. The practice of this office is of large proportions and extends all through this region of country. Both gentlemen are highly esteemed in all circles in St. Albans. "W. T. OTERKITT, Grocer, No. 164 South Bank Street.- The excellent, ably conducted grocery store of Mr. W. T. Merritt was originally established by Merritt & Scogel in 1876, the present pro- prietor succeeding this firm in 1881. From its inception this house has been conducted in an upright, honorable, liberal manner, and became widely known as one of the most desirable among the many stores at which to obtain the very best bargains in choice groceries and provisions. In size the store is 22 x 70 feet, and as re- gards fixtures and appointments is very complete and perfect in all details. The stock has been carefully selected, and in its variety embraces all the popular brands of family flour, and teas and coffees of a superior quality, pure spices and sugar, syrups, hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass, condiments and smoked meats, fish and provisions, prime creamery and dairy butter, fresh eggs and the best brands of choice cigars and tobacco. For the daily prosecution of business the services of two hands and one delivery wagon is re- quired. This house does both a wholesale and retail trade of large proportions. Mr. Merritt is a native of Canada and has for many years been actively and closely identified with the best business in- terest of St. Albans. nERS. M. G. GIIiDER, Milliner, No. 101 Main Street.— The tastes of the American people have grown so fastidious, that this country has at once leaped to the front, as one of the best dressed nations of the earth. Not a little of this is due to the enterprise of the American milliners, of whom St. Albans has one very prom- inent in the person of Mrs. M. G. Gilder. This lady established her store in 1876, and is therefore entitled to be classed among the city's most reliable tradespeople. She has occupied her present location in the old landmark known as the Whiting Building for three years, and has a most exquisitely arranged store, large and completely stocked with all of the stylish things that give joy to ladies. She is among the first to import and procure the latest styles in bonnets, hats, all classes of millinery goods, fancy goods, trimmings, rich feathers, ribbons, laces, silks, gloves, notions and an endless variety of enticing articles of ornament, such as pins, bracelets, chains, charms, belts, etc. She does a thriving retail trade among the best families, carries on an especial custom department and in every way conducts a first-class millinery store. In the busy season, she employs six of the most skillful milliners to be found, and keeps up with the fashions of the times. Mrs. Gilder is honored with the distinction of being an exceptionally clever business woman, a practical milliner and a woman of sound, honorable business prin- ciples. She is a native of Vermont. A. B. SOUIiE, Dentist, No. 112 North Main Street.— In this article we desire to call attention to one of the best conducted and prosperous offices here— that managed by A. B. Soule, D.D.S. This gentleman is a native of Vermont, and was graduated with high honors from the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. Being a wide-awake, energetic man, he foresaw the advantages to be derived in locating in his native state, and in the early part of 1890, he lo- cated in St. Albans and opened offices at present location. The wisdom of this step was at once exemplified and the large prac- tice now enjoyed by Dr. Soule is evidence of his skillful work and wide popularity. His offices are finely furnished, and in the matter of necessary equipment contain a fine stock of the essential appara- tus and appliances of the newest devised patents. The doctor prose- cutes all departments of the business, and is particularly skillful in extracting, filling and adjusting teeth and doing all manner of artifi- cial work. No one is more highly esteemed or respected in St. Albans than is Dr. Soule. WM:. ROBERTS, Dining Rooms, No. 30 Lake Street.— Since January 10, 1870, Wm. Roberts has been conducting one of the most popular luncheon and dining-rooms at No. 30 Lake Street, in St. Albans. He occupies two fioors, 30 x 80 feet, and besides cater- ing to a large number of regular boarders, does an extensive tran- sient trade, serving a grand meal for twenty -five cents and keeping open house at all hours. Mr. Roberts has very wisely preserved the domestic feature of his place, by having his five daughters assist in conducting the dining-room. He serves the best joints, tender, sweet and delicious roast beef, mutton, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, ducks, geese, game, birds, sweet-breads, bread-stuffs, soups, entrees, delicacies, tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa and sweet butter, fresh eggs, good country cheese, vegetables and fruits. He supplies peaches, apples, pears, grapes, etc., nuts of all kinds, confectiohs, sweets, bon-bons, caramels, ice-cream and ices. Mr. Roberts knows how to please his customers and succeeds. He is a shrewd,'upright man of business, and prominent in society. A native of New York, he served his country with gallantry two years in Co. D, Thirty- fourth N. Y. Volunteers, and is an honored member of the G. A. R. ST. A L B A X S , V E K M O N T , 111 J. W. RYAN, Grocer, No. 34 Foundry Street.— Mr. J. VV. Ryan has been working for success since 1878 and can safely be said to have reached his aim. His business was originally estab- lished in 1874, by M. Chase. Mr. Ryan succeeded him twelve years ago and is now at No. 34 Foundry Street, where the best families of St. Albans buy l^heir meats, fish, groceries, etc. He has a heavily stocked store, 35 x 60 feet, and a large storehouse. He employs an ample force of polite clerks and delivers all goods. His store is a neat and most essentially clean and attractive place. He handles the tenderest, sweetest meats, for joints, broils, stews and fries, in- cluding beef, mutton, lamb, veal and pork; the freshest fish, blue, cod, sun, poggies, flatfish, bull-heads, catfish, whitefish ; oysters of every brand, not forgetting blue points and Rockaways; vegetables, farm produce, butter, eggs, cheese, flour, potatoes, peas, beets, cab- bage, greens, celery; fruits, apples, pears, peaclies, grapes; choice family groceries, sugar, tea, coffee, spices, chocolate, cocoa, canned and preserved goods, pickles, bread-stuffs, crackers, cakes, dainties, Yankee notions, etc. ; in fact, everything belonging to a first-class grocery store. J. SHEGRAK, Dentist, No. 124 Main Street.— A well known, reliable and thoroughly skilled gentleman engaged in this profes- sion is Dr. John Sheerar. This establishment was founded originally about the year 1860 by Dr. L. Gillman, and was ably conducted by him until 1870, when he was succeeded by the present proprietor. His office, operating rooms and laboratory are spacious, commo- dious, handsomely and attractively fitted up, while all the very latest improved mechanical and scientific devices and appliances known to the profession are to be found here in active use as occasion re- quires. Dr. Sheerar is thoroughly practical, skilled and versed in every department of his profession, and occupies a foremost position in its ranks in this state, which has been acquired by some very difficult and intricate cases which he brought to a successful termina- tion. The use of vapors, cocaine and anseythetics for the alleviation of pain in extracting and filling teeth have proved successful in all cases in his hands, while special attention is given to the filling of decayed teeth with gold, silver, platinum or other reliable sub- stances, also particular care is taken in the cleansing of teeth, re- moval of foreign substances and the treatment of the gums also of children's teeth. He is also prepared to execute artificial work at the shortest notice, placing teeth singly or in sets on gold, vulcan- ized rubber or other plates in the very best style of workmanship, guaranteeing perfect fit, comfort and durability, while his prices are extremely reasonable. DR. H. A. PEPIN, No. 14 Kingman Street.— It is not always the oldest business firms in which the brightest signs of a commercial success exist. A notable and worthy exception to this rule might be found in the already prosperous drug business attained by Dr. Pepin. His roomy store known as Bellevue drug store, is located on King:man Street, and was established in the Spring of 1889. This store is stocked with one of the best lot of goods in this part of the city. The doctor being a practical chemist and druggist and an eminently clever compounder of medicines, physicians place great faith in his judgment in the filling of their prescriptions. Dr. Pepin carries a complete stock of all sorts of drugs, chemicals, bay rum, perfumes, fancy and toilet articles, brushes, combs, tooth and face powders, and all of the necessities of the dressing table. The prescription department is under his own control and recipes are prepared at all hours of the day or night, etc., etc., etc. His stock is of the highest grade, his store neatly and attractively arranged and his patronage from the highest families in town. He has studied pharmacy for four consecutive years in the Ecole Pharmaceutique de la Province de Quebeq, Montreal, and in the New Orleans College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, La. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF SWANTON. ^JlF^^jg^^ WANTON is a flourishing village of about 1,200 inhabitants, located near the north- j^ west corner of the state, about nine miles from the Canada line. The village has f^^ experienced a healthy growth during the past few years, and was incorporated by act of legislature in 1888. Swanton is located on the Missisquoi River about six miles from its mouth. The river furnishes a magnificent water power, which is partially util- ized. From Swanton to the lake the Missisquoi is navigable and canal boats and sailing vessels ply the stream. Railroads center in Swanton from Montreal and Canada; from Ogdensburg and the West ; from Boston, New York, Troy and Albany, via St Albans ; and from Boston and New England points via St. Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad. This latter road runs from Maquam Bay, three-fourths of a mile from the village, on Lake Champlain. Maquam forms a post of entry for Swanton. During the season of navigation, the steamer Maquam plys daily between Maquam Bay and Burlington. Swanton is a very attractive village occupying ground on both banks of the river. The surrounding country is level, the soil fertile and well cultivated and this is generally conceded to be one of the finest farming sections of the state. Swanton received its name in honor of Captain William Swanton, an officer in the British service during the French and Indian wars. The inhabitants of this thriving village are largely engaged in manufacturing and among their leading pro- ductions may be mentioned, carriages and sleighs, butter, cheese, leather, lime, lumber, granite and marble monuments, sash, blinds, and doors, plaster, marble tile for floors, spring beds, pumps, suspenders, suspender buckles, and stocking supporters, sick and easy chairs. The mercantile interests of the town are represented by business men whose characteristics are 112 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF push, progressiveness and enterprise, exerted in all legitimate avenues of trade. A beautiful park of considerable extent is one of the attractive features of the village. At one end of the park is a handsome monument erected to commemorate the names of those who gave their lives in the war of the Rebellion. Surrounding the park are the business houses of the vil- lage, the churches and schools. Swanton has four churches, viz.: the Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist and Roman Cath- olic. It has three first-class hotels, a custom house, bank, Catholic Convent, and a fine system of graded schools. It has an inexhaustible water supply, the source of supply being the Missisquoi River; a powerful pumping engine forces the water through mains to all parts of the village. The village is handsomely laid out, the streets are regular and well kept, and the town presents a tidy appearance. The natural facilities possessed by Swanton as a manu- facturing point are almost unlimited. It has superior facilities for transportation, abundant water power, and all the raw materials at hand. Swanton is essentially a busy village. There are many wealthy men and but few really poor. Socially and morally, Swanton will compare favorably with any village in the state. The arts and sciences are cultivated and fostered, and evidences are to be seen on every hand of culture and refinement. The magni- tude of the manufacturing and mercantile interests of the village and the promise of the future are matters of general pride and gratification. Swanton is situated northwest from Montpelier Sixty-six miles, and nine miles north from St. Albans. Some of the most delightful drives extend from the village in every direction. The village may well feel proud of her schools, her churches, her hotels, her banks, and her commercial and industrial interests. The rapid growth of the town in the past few years shows that the world has awakened to the unex- celled inducements and advantages which it offers, and it unmistakably has a great future before it. E£. X, COliLiINS, Swiuitoii Cluthiii^' C'oiiipany, No. 31 Mer chants" Row. — This house dates its inception from tlie year 1880, ami in the decade that has passed away has advanced to the very front rank of successful enterprise here. The premises, spacious and con- veniently arranged, 30 x 60 feet in size, are fitted up in a manner in full accord with tlie heavy operations of the house. There is here carried and displayed in stock a mammoth assortment and varied line of ready made clothing of all grades and qualities for the wear of men and boys that is to be found in any one store in this entire state. These goods come from the very best sources in the land, and in high excellence of workmanship, stylish finish and low prices quoted, far excel anything in the same line ever offered to the Swan- ton public. The other specialties of this house embrace lines of gents' furnishing goods, hats, caps, trunks, bags and valises. In fact, a buyer entering this establishment can, before leaving, obtain a complete outfit for himself at less cost than the boasted bargains even in oin- metropolitan cities. This business is conducted on the basis of the highest business principles. The proprietor, Mr. H. A. Collins, has had a valuable experience in this line and the public of this vicinity are reaping the full benefit derived from such an experi- ence. >Ir. Collins is a native of Burlington, and is very much re- spected here. He is an F. and A. M. in high standing. in fire, life and accident and represents some of the strongest uiiil wealthiest insurance corporations in the world. He is agent for the Home and the German American Insurance Companies, of New York; The Union Mutual, of Montpelier Vt.; the New England, of Rutland; and for the Standard Life and Accident of Detroit, Mich. Mr. Burt writes policies at lowest premium rates, adjusts all claims promptly, and, being himself a lawyer, decides quickly on small legal technicalities. So far ]Mr. Burt's career has exhibited a life of self-denial, hard study and untiring perseverance, qualifications that are bound to carry their possessor to the front. He moves in the highest social circles in Swanton, and is very popular and highly es- teemed in the community; in fact, to that degree that his fellow townsmen have bestowed public offices upon him without stint. Twice was he elected superintendent of our public schools; then for two years he pursued civil engineering in the west; since returning he was again elected superintendent of schools, three times elected a justice of the peace. Mr. Burt is now entering upon his third term. In musical circles Mr. Burt is equally well known, as he is one of our leading musicians here, and is the present leader of the Swanton Cornet Band. He is yet a young man in the early flush of an active and successful business life. H. A. BURX, JU., Insurance, No. .51 Canada Street.— It is a poor community, indeed, in this country, that cannot boast and point out among its leading citizens a dozen or so self-made men. Here in Swanton there is no exception to the rule, and as illustrating our re- marks we intend to briefly pen the career of the subject of this edi- torial, Mr. Henry A. Burt, Jr. Mr. Burt was born in Fairfield, Vt., and has always made Swanton his home. In 1873 he graduated from the Norwich University and three years later was admitted to the Franklin County Bar, and a httle later made a Master in Chancery. He studied law with his father, the Hon. Henry A. Burt, who is to-day one of the oldest leading lawyers in the state. The firm is now Burt & Burt. In 1885, in conjunction with his now extensive law practice, he opened an insurance department. In this depart- ment his success has been equally marked and prominent. He writes a large amount of insurance throughout Swanton and vicinity €HAS. K.EEIVAN, Planing Mill, Merchants' Row.— The manu- factui'e of interior finishings for houses is carried on extensively by Mr. Chas. Keenan. At this establishment doors, sash, blinds, mould- ings, brackets, stair railing and interior house finishings generally are manufactured. This establishment was founded in 1873 by W. O. Smith, and since 1882 has been conducted by Mr. Keenan. It is very large, employing on an average about two experienced men. The factory building, 35 x 42 feet in size, is a fine, modernly con- structed structure, containing a fine equipment of the necessary machinery driven by water power. The productions of the mill are well thought of by carpenters and builders and all others who have occasion to use them, and they are the first sought for, on account of their superiority and extremely reasonable terms upon which they are sold. Mr. Chas. Keenan, the proprietor, is a native of Ire- land, and a practical, energetic man, and is highly esteemed here, and is an honored member of F. and A. 31. and the G. A. R. S W A N T O N , VERMONT. ll:3 McDONAIiB & SiniTH, Furniture, Etc., No. 46 Grand Ave- nue.— This enterprising house, one of the largest and best linovvn in the state, was originally established in 1877 by S. McDonald, who conducted tlie business successfully alone for the following ten years, when Mr. C. L. Smith became his associate partner. Under the combined and energetic management of these two gentlemen the trade of the house has rapidly augmented, and to-day it is one of the most flourishing houses in business circles here. The premises occu- pied comprise two spacious floor rooms, 50 x 70 feet, together with capacious basements and a large storehouse. Two hands are em ployed steadily all the time. The premises are finely fitted up and very conveniently arranged for the display of goods, every facility being at hand to forward the operations of the house. The spe- cial lines of goods handled by this firm, and in the handling of which they have gained so high a reputation, are furniture, coffins, caskets, picture frames, window shades, mattresses, spring beds, etc., and all kinds of undertaking goods. They carry complete and choice lines in each department, and were we to attempt to enumerate in detail any of the stock handled, it would be an impossibility in our limited space. They carry everything comprehended in the above caption, and that is, perhaps, sufficient for the trade and general public to know. Mr. McDonald is a Nova Scotian by birth, while Mr. Smith was born in Canada. Both gentlemen are highly esteemed by all in this community for business and personal worth. O. D. MASON & SON, Harness, etc.. No. 20 Merchants' Row. — One of the most important manufacturing establishments in this city, and which is familiarly known throughout an extensive territory, is that of O. D. Mason & Son, manufacturers of and deal- ers in harness and saddlery. The business of this noteworthy con- cern was inaugurated in 1855 by the senior member, and in 1882, upon the admission of his son, the present firm was organized. In all these years the growing demand upon the resources of the house has resulted in the present complete and spacious establishment. One floor is occupied and fitted up for the display of stock. It is very attractively appointed and contains a heavy stock of choice goods in saddlery, hardware, harness, collars, whips, saddles. bridles, robes, blankets, fly nets and all manner of horse goods. In the mechanical department skilled workmen are employed, and every appliance is at hand to assist thein in their work; the most carefully selected materials only are used, the greatest care is exer- cised in the various processes of manufacture, and the goods turned out are unsurpassed for excellence of finish, utility, durability and general superiority. Fine custom work and repairing in fact, form two chief features of the business. In a business of this kind many specialties are handled as a matter of course, and we desire to direct attention in particular to the "Raven Black Harness Oil," handled by this firm. This house is famous throughout the country as an old-established, reliable harness establishment, handling only flrst-class goods in every department. The members of the firm are both very much respected here. Mr. O. D. Mason was born in New York and his son in this city. The latter is a member-of F. and A. M. A. liAPELIiE, Flour, Feed, Etc., Merchants' Row.— The con- cern noted in our headlines is one of the most extensive plants of the kind in this region, and was established in 1865 by B. L. Laselle. The present proprietor, Mr. A. Lapelle, succeeded to the business in 1875. The mill and main storerooms comprise a capacious and finely arranged structure, well adapted in every respect to needs of a business of this kind. The machinery and other necessary appara- tus are operated by water power, and among the equipment we note in particular, four immense stone grists, giving the mill a daily capacity of 1,000 bushels. Three hands are employed, and prompt and satisfactory attention is given to all custom orders. The stock carried on hand at all times embraces the finest and choicest brands of flour, of high grade patents, as well as the best qualities of feed of all kinds, grain and other mill stuflfs. A leading specialty handled by the house is Pratt's food for horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. The trade of the concern is of large proportions and extends all through this section. Mr. Lapelle is a native of Fairfax, this state, and an Odd Fellow in high standing. He is noted among the leading citi- zens of Swanton, and assisted materially in making the place what it is to-day, and is, therefore, deserving of all the praise that can be given him in this publication. E. OT. PROUTY, Contractor and Builder, Manufacturer of House Finishings of All Kinds.— A prominent and well-known builder and contractor in Swanton is Mr. E. M. Prouty, who also manufactures and deals in doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, brackets, etc., glass, stair railing, and house finish of all kinds. For twenty- five years Mr. Prouty has been engaged in the present business. His mill was burned in 1887 and rebuilt the same year, and this busi- ness, of which he is now sole proprietor, was established. The mill contains all the latest improved machinery and has abundant water power and is fitted for steam-power when needed. Mr. Prouty as a builder and contractor has a large practice. He has built many fine blocks and furnished all the materials from his own mills. He keeps constantly employed a large force of help. He has a comprehensive and far-reaching knowledge of every detail of his profession, and this with the reliable and responsible character of his work, has se- cured for him a large and influential patronage, and given him a valuable and important position. Mr. Prouty furnishes plans and es- timates, and enters into contracts for work of all kinds in his line. A point is made of filling all contracts promptly and in accordance with their terms. ^r'. V /• K- XX X X M V ^ INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF ENOSBURG FALLS. 'HE town of Enosburg, so called from Roger Enos, one of the first settlers, is a township in the eastern part of Franklin County. It is about twenty miles east from St. Albans and about fifty miles northwesterly from Montpelier, A grant was ['^ obtained March 12, 1780, and chartered May 15, the same year, by Gov. Thomas Chit- tenden, "to Roger Enos, our respected friend, and his fifty-nine associates, being a six square miles town, and no more " — on the following conditions and reservations, viz.: " That each proprietor of the town of Enosburg, his heirs and assigns, shall plant and cultivate five acres of land and build a house at least eighteen feet square on the floor, or have one family settle on each respective right, or share of land in each township, within the term of four years next after the circumstances of the war will admit of settlement with safety, on penalty of forfeiture of his grant or share of land in said town ; the same to revert to the freemen of this state to be by their representatives regranted to such persons as shall appear to settle and cultivate the same. — Secundo : That all pine and oak timber suitable for a navy be reserved for the use and benefit of the freemen of this State." The organization of the town occurred March 19, 1798. This town is in the third range of towns east from Lake Champlain. A range of the Green Mountains runs nearly the entire length of the eastern boundary. The north part is well watered by Missisquoi and Trout rivers; the south and interior by small streams and one small natural pond, affording numerous and valuable mill privileges. Enosburg Falls is a village in the town of Enosburg. The village is well .sup- plied with churches, there being four in number, viz.: Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist and Catho- lic. It has one first-class hoteU the Quincy House. The manufactures of the town are many and varied, demanding the employment of a large amount of capital, and furnishing work for hundreds of people in the different avenues of labor. These manufactures have for many years been the main-stay of the town and chief source of its revenue and importance. Among the leading productions of the manufactories of this place may be mentioned boxes, carriages and sleighs, flour and feed, lumber, patent med- icines, Scotch oil, black oil, anti-apoplectine, sash and doors, leather, woolens and mittens. This village may well feel proud of its manufactories, the products of which go to every part of the known world. Enosburg Falls is widely and justly celebrated for the number, variety and prosperity of its skilled industries. Ever since this village began to make real growth, its people have been quick to encourage industrial arts and pursuits, and they have their reward in the annually aggregating wealth that flows from the multifarious manufactures that form the basis of the fame and fortune of this thriving village. Enosburg Falls is the natural receiving and distributing station for the immense amount of produce of all kinds that is raised in the fertile agricultural county tributary to it. Closely following it is the trade in staple and fancy groceries ; then come boots and shoes, meats, tobacco and cigars, candies and confections, dry goods and notions, clothing and furnishings, hardware in all shapes, paints, oils and glass, drugs 114 ENOSBURG FALLS, VERMONT. 115 :and paper hangings. With the best of railroad facilities, giving an advantage in the matter of freights, and with low rents, taxes, and cost of living, the merchants of Enosburg Falls are in 3. position to offer these commodities at as low rates, or even lower, than those charged in the stores of its more populous neighboring towns. As a place of residence this village possesses many attractions. In the important particulars of school facilities this village is abreast with the times and the different schools are model institutions of their kind. With her large and increasing population, her manufacturing enterprises, and many other advantages already pointed out, the village offers a splendid field for the capitalist, the manufacturer, and the merchant. 116 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF FGLIX ST. AMOUR, Jeweler, City Block.— Six years of continuous existence marks the career of this well-known and popu- lar jewelry house, which was established in 1885, by Mr. St. Amour. In that time the trade lias increased to such proportions, and the daily operations expanded to that degree, that the old premises be- came entirely inadequate in facilities to accommodate this steady growth; so on the first day of October, 1890, Mr. St. Amour moved into and fitted up his present new and handsome quarters, where with all modern conveniences at hand he is f uUy prepared to cater to the demands of his extensive patronage. Mr. St. Amour is a practi- cal and skillful jeweler and watchmaker himself, and the goods car- ried in stock by him are selected with great care and judgment, and embrace a varied and comprehensive assortment of imported and domestic gold and silver watches, clocks, jewelry, bronzes, etc. , be- sides silverware, optical goods of all kinds, gold and silver spectacles, etc., and a pleasing variety of elegant cutlery and fishing tackle. Mr. St. Amour makes a specialty of fine watch and jewelry repair- ing, and executes the work in a most satisfactory and efficient man- ner, employing two capable assistants. He is a native of St. Albans, and one of this town's rising business men, popular and well liked by all here. His new store is 10 x 46 feet in dimensions, and is located in the City Block, a fine structure only completed a few montlis ago. J. M. JEFFORDS, Druggist, Main Street.— It is with a pecu- liar degree of satisfaction that we recognize a gentleman possessing in an eminent degree those high attainments which entitle him to our regard as a skilled pharmacist. We allude to Mr. J. M. Jeffords, who at an early age applied himself to the study of pharmaceutics in all their branches. The business he is conducting was established in 1884, by J. M. Jeffords & Co., the present proprietor succeeding to sole proprietorship in 1888. His store, which is centrally and conven- iently located, is 25 x 40 feet in dimensions, and is neat and commo- dious, while special arrangements have been provided for the dis- pensing of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes which are promptly and accurately compounded by Mr. Jeffords and capable assistants. The general stock embraces a full line of fresh, pure drugs, chemicals, and pharmaceutical compounds, all of which are up to the highest standard, and he likewise keeps all proprietary remedies of well-known merit, also surgical instruments, such as shoulder-braces, etc. In the other departments of the business, Mr. Jeffords carries a complete and valuable line of books, fine stationery and school supplies of every description, fancy and toilet articles, choice confectionery, cigars, flavoring extracts, perfumeries and druggists' sundries of all kinds, in fact everything pertaining to a well regulated drug store. Mr. Jeffords is a native of this state, and a thoroughly qualified licentiate in pharmacy. He is very much respected here, and moves in the best circles in this vicinity. AliliFN H. MANIiEYj Doors. Sash and Blinds, Bridge Street. — A prominent factor in the industrial activity of Enosburg Falls is the establishment of Mr. Allen H. Manley, the well-known manufacturer of doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, brackets, etc., which was established here in 1873, by Messrs. Sprague & Manley. Several changes were made in succeeding years, and in 1883 the present pro- prietor took control of the business. The business premises are spa- cious, thoroughly equipped and managed upon a grand scale. The mill is supplied with abundant water power and a large number of hands are employed. All orders receive prompt attention. Mr. Manley keeps a large stock of lumber constantly on hand including prices of all grades, walnut, butternut, chestnut, ash, oak, maple, cherry, white-wood, spruce, etc. Great care is taken that the wood used in the various departments should be thoroughly seasoned, and to this end a large stock is kept maturing. Mr. Manley also deals extensively in asbestos paint and roofing, plain and ornamental glass, lath and lumber. He makes a specialty of manufacturing stair railing. He is also a contractor and builder and has built many business blocks and handsome private residences. The City Block was designed and built by him. Mr. Manley is a native of "Vermont. He has held all the school offices, has been selectman for two years, is a member of the board of village trustees, and has held every office in the F. A. M. lodge, and is prominent and in- fluential in political and financial circles. He has a thorough master- ship of mechanics and a complete and exhaustive knowledge of the requirements of the trade. J. RUSSEIili, Merchant Tailor, City Block.— A well-known,, enterprising and prosperous house devoted to this important indus- try in Enosburg Falls, is that of Mr. J. Russell. This enterprising and popular gentleman was born in Sheldon, this state, and at an early age went to Montreal, Quebec, where he applied himself to ac- quiring a thorough and practical knowledge of this trade in all its. branches, after which he went to the city of New York and after working for some years at his trade and perfecting himself in the business, he came to Enosburg Falls and inaugurated this establish- ment on his own account, and at once developed a very large and substantial trade, derived principally from among our leading citi- zens, and in order to meet its rapidly increasing proportions with better facilities he removed to his present quarters on October 1, 1890. He occupies a spacious and commodious store, neatly and appropriately fitted up and provided with every convenience for the advantageous display of his large and valuable assortment of goods and the comfort of patrons. The stock carried embraces a splendid assortment of French, German, English and American broadcloths, cassimeres, worsteds, cheviots, meltons, beavers, doeskins, diagonals, etc., for overcoatings, suitings, trouserings and vestings, in all the very latest and most fashionable styles in plaids, stripes, checks, mottled, etc., from which patrons cannot fail to make a selection. These goods are made up to order in the very latest and correct fashionable styles, fully guaranteed as to ease and elegance in fit, and unsurpassed in finish and workmanship. He employs none but thoroughly skilled and experienced workmen and devotes his per- sonal attention to the measuring, cutting and fitting of all garments, made in his establishment. He also carries a fine assortment of gentlemen's furnishings such as fine white and fancy colored dress, shirts, collars, cuffs; underwear in all grades, styles and materials, latest novelties in neckwear, suspenders, hosiery, gloves, collar and cuff buttons, scarf pins, shirt studs, canes, umbrellas, etc., all of the very best quality, and prices throughout are very reasonable. Mr. Russell is an affable and energetic gentleman of superior business- ability and justly merits the success he has achieved by his ability and perseverance. PETER M. LiUCIA, Boots and Shoes.— Mr. A. Lucia, a. shoemaker by trade, came to Enosburg Falls in 1830, when there were but three or four houses and established himself in the boot and shoe business, the first of the kind in town. He was a prudent, man and from the start, succeeded by his honorable methods. Fi- nally, he began to build and so increased the number of dwellings and business buildings, that Mr. Lucia may really be said to have fath- ered the town. He carried on a prosperous trade for fifty-six years and had just laid the plans for the building of an extensive tannery, when death stepped in, claiming this honorable pioneer and mer- chant. Since that date, his son, Mr. Peter M. Lucia, has continued the business. He completed the tannery in 1886, and still condiiets it, tanning two tons of leather per year. He employs an able and skilled force of men and has built up a large patronage. He still conducts the boot and shoe house, where he manufactures and re- pairs men's, women's, boys' and misses' boots, shoes, slippers, rub- bers, overshoes, and all kinds of foot-wear. Mr. Lucia is a native of Enosburg and has grown up with the enterprise of the village^ in whose development his father exerted such a wide influence. F. M. CARPENTER, Photographer.— Mr. F. M. Carpenter, who came to Enosburg Falls in 1890, has proven that he is one of the- very able followers of this profession. He established his business in East Berkshire, Vt., in 1886, and has the name for being one of the- best versed photographers in the state. His rooms in Orchard Street are most carefully and attractively arranged, being in the up- per portion of his house and four in number. Here he turns out some of the most artistic work met with. His sample and show- cases are stocked with excellent samples, and it is Mr. Carpenter's pride that he can do work equal to that of any artist, much of his labor going towards general work for the trade, of which he makes a specialty, preparing and enlarging all kinds of photographs, copy- ing the same and also dealing in picture frames, books and albums. His cabinet, card, imperial and boudoir photographs show most careful and exquisite workmanship and a fine, soft tone. His print- ing and developing facilities are excellent, his paraphernalia of the most modern and improved, and his work of the best. E N O S B U R G FALLS, VE R M O Ji T , 117 J. W. BEATTY, Medicines— Church Street.— Mr. J. W. Beatty is a manufacturer of Scotch oil, condition powders, pills, bitters, tooth powders, etc. His business was established by H. D. Kendall in 1881; succeeded byKendall & Gilbert in 1882; by N. A. Gilbert in 1883; by Gilbert & Co. in 1885; and by Mr. Beatty in September month, 1890. He travels through the states of Vermont and New York, selling his excellent medicines, which give satisfaction, their quality being pure and good. Mr. Beatty is a thorough and practically skilled compounder of drugs, and has come into his profession with a complete understanding of its important branches. His oils are manufactured from ingredients that make them all powerful in the killing and utter routing of pains. Horsemen and stock raisers, breed- ers and dealers have heartily endorsed his condition powders, as have eminent patients spoken highly of his pills and bitters, while his powders for the teeth are free from any factor that disturbs the enamel, their functions being to purify the gums and breath. OLEED & RICH, Marble Dealers.— Messrs. Gleed and Rich are both natives of this state and an exceptionably able, clever business firm. The business was first established by J. H. Bolac, in 1886; ^succeeded by Bolac & Ritch in 1889; by A. W. Wood worth in 1890, April month; and by the existing proprietors in October, 1890. Their store is in Depot Street, and is extensively stocked with the best marble in the market. They buy stock in the rough and from it manufacture all kinds of monuments, headstones, mantles, foun- tain slabs, dressing-case and wash-stand tops, etc. Their specialty however, is cemetery work. They design and make monuments, headstones, build vaults, construct bases and raihngs around mounds and plats, do engraving, draping, plain, fancy and scroll lettering and every other feature of labor necessary for burial grounds. Both gentlemen are practical workmen and throw their personal influence and supervision about their duties. They employ four skilled artisans, and command the best trade among the best families, and are strictly reliable dealers. CHARIiES N. WAIiES, Butcher.— Though recently started in business, the name of Chas. N. Wales has become well identified with the meat trade in Enosburg Falls, having re- cently succeeded Bolac Bros., and to day there is no butcher better known or held in greater esteem than the gentleman whose name forms the caption of this sketch. The business was started ten years ago upon a comparatively small scale by S. W. Bolac, as com- pared to the operations of to-day. The market is centrally and con- veniently located, and is finely appointed, containing all the neces- •sary conveniences for a first-class butcher business. Mr. Wales is a practical, experienced butcher, and conducts his business upon the jhighest plane of commercial integrity, and in consequence he has reaped a substantial reward in the way of the largest and most de- sirable local patronage in this section. Indeed, so extensive are the daily transactions of the house that the services of two assistants and one team for delivering orders are required constantly. At this market there is always to be found a fresh, wholesome and varied supply of fresh meats, salt meats, fresh flsh, oysters, tripe and manufactured meats, such as sausage, bologna, etc., also vegetables in season, canned goods, crackers. In prices Mr. Wales is fair and equitable, and offers inducements that cannot be excelled. Mr. Wales was born in Canada, and removed here several years ago and is now highly esteemed. J. H. BURNS, Tin and Hardware.— When Mr. J. H. Bums, the Main Street merchant, started in Enosburg Falls, in 1875, as a ■worker in tinware, iron, etc.; for customers that he hoped to gain, he set out with the full knowledge that he possessed sufficient skill and talent to fulfill all of his promises. How well he has succeeded may be read in his career of fifteen years. He has a heavily stocked store of hardware and tinware, and employs an obliging force of clerks to wait upon his many customers. He Sells all kinds of tinware, boilers, cans, basins, cups, sieves, baking and stew pans, pails and ladles; hardware, tools for carpenters, etc., of every de- scription, all sorts of iron utensils, stoves of every grade for wood and coal, ranges, large and small, fire grates, and andirons, flatirons, buckets, kettles, etc. Mr. Burns however makes a specialty of turning out custom work. In this he has had great success. He fills and finishes orders for the best families, giving all work his per- sonal supervision. He has a neat and attractive store and is ranked as a merchant who keeps the best of everything. He is a member of the F. and A. M. GEO. H. ClUIMBY, Harness, etc., Main Street.— The busi- ness carried on by this gentleman was established in 1881, and since 1889 he has been located in its present quarters. The premises, used as a general salesroom and workshop, are spacious and complete in character, finely appointed and provided with every requisite essen- tial needed to facilitate business. There is here carried and dis- played in stock a large assortment of harness, saddles, robes, whips, flynets, bridles, harness oil, brushes, and, in fact, every description of horse clothing. The stock is received from the best sources in the land, and is guaranteed strictly as represented. In the workshop, the proprietor personally supervises the manufacture of all manner of harness, and being an expert workman himself, the work here turned out is superior and first-class in every respect. Repairing of all kinds of harness is also done and two experienced workmen are steadily employed. Mr. Quimby was born in Connecticut, and is very highly esteemed by all in this community. ^ X I X I X .1 //^^.•.^^s X I X J-X X I X ^ •x I X 1 ■^■;l&?^^7'i?^:5sil X'd :^J :¥j|¥F^ . (• (i) /xv>cv5 S , V E II M O X T , 129 Ait\t Bridge Street. MANUFACTURES. The situation of Bellows Falls village . is admirable for manufacturing purposes ; being sup- plied with abundant water power and having excellent railroad facilities, nothing else was needed but capital, brains, and skill to make a successful manufacturing center here, and that these elements have been employed here is shown in the various enterprises that have been carried on so successfully for many years. The amount of capital invested in manufacturing and other business enterprises is enormous; the energy, practical knowledge and industrial "skill exhibited in their management and operation are of the highest order. But great as is the present out- come of the splendid resources on hand, the development of these is still in its infancy. Every year is adding to the aggregation of capital that here finds profitable investment, and to the army of skilled artisans that here find ample wage for their deft hands. The diversity of the manufacturing interests represented is remarkable, and covers a wide range -of productions. 130 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF There are seven companies here engaged in the manufacture of paper. This industry is one of the earliest and at the present day one of the most prosperous of American industries, and in its history are embodied many features incident to the rise and development of theif indus- trial pursuits. The manufacture of paper even after the war of the Revolution, though eman- cipated from the claims imposed upon it by British policy, did not flourish, and for many years especially for the finer grades we were compelled to look to Europe for our supply. Even- tually however, during the last quarter of a century through the energy, enterprise, and ability of our manufacturers, paper is produced in the United States fully equal if not superior to the finest productions of France and England. Bellows Falls is fortunate in having so many com- panies engaged in the manufacture of this important article of merchandise, a specialty being made of " tissue manilla." The village also has a book bindery, a bakery, and a laundry. Carriages are manufactured here, also harnesses, cabinet ware and furniture, agricultural imple- ments and dairy fixtures, evaporators, sash, doors and blinds, scythe snaths and cigars. The village has one National Bank with a capital stock of $110,000, and one savings bank. BELLOWS FALLS AS A HOME. This is a delightful place in which to make a home. The people are remarkable for their enterprise and industry, as well as culture and refinement. Nothing is truer than that surroundings reflect the character of those upon whom they depend. With rich deposits of marble, granite, lime-stone, slate, etc. embedded in the earth, with fish in the river, and feath- ered songsters in the air, with fertile soil and grassy slope and clime that blended the best of every clime in one, the fair domain waited in perfection of repose until a people with resources to match came " on purpose " and to stay. It has been said that Vermont is a fine place to emigrate from, but the prosperous, intelligent and refined inhabitants of some of her beauti- ful villages will say it is also a delightful place to live. This sentiment, we are sure, will be echoed by many residents of the pleasantly located village of Bellows Falls, which is self-con- tained and complete in all those things that make life rational and worth the living. The village has a number of private residences framed by cultivated lawns and manifold signs of prosperity are matched by the countless symbols of intc"' ;ence, culture, and refinement that rise on every hand. These with pure air and water, good gas, electricity and the telephone, schools, churches, libraries, with Boston and New York easily accessible, what more can a ra- tional man want in an abiding place ? The attention given by the people of Bellows Falls to education and the ample provision they have made for it are commensurate with the importance that has always attached to it throughout the state. The graded school system is in vogue and is in charge of a competent committee. The schools are carefully graded, presided- over by earnest, and thoroughly qualified teachers, and are well attended and generously maintained. The school buildings are modern in design and furnished with the most approved apparatus and accommodations adequate to the requirements of the school population. A New England village destitute of church organization would, indeed, be an anomaly, but this intelligent and thriving village does not present it. There are five religious denomina- tions represented here that have reared their altars of worship. In point of architectural beauty and interior appointments the most of these church buildings will compare favorably with similar edifices in any village of equal size in the state. This pleasant village possesses many advantages as a place of residence, to the capitalist anxious to invest his money and to the working man, who, after the toils of the day are over desires to take his rest in a home rather than a crowded tenement house. If beauty of situation, benefits of unexcelled business opportunity, health, wealth and happiness are attractions in a place of residence, our readers may be assured that Bellows Falls possesses them all. BELLOWS FALLS, VERMONT. 131 the: VERMONT FARm MACHINE CO., Engines, Boilers, and a Full Line of Creamery and Dairy Supplies, Improved Sap and Cider Evaporators. — There are no improvements of more interest to the general public than those which minister directly to the health, happiness and the comforts of the household. In the manu- facture of that class of articles the Vermont Farm Machine Com- pany, of Bellows Falls, occupies a commanding position in the trade throughout the country. This company was incorporated in 1873, and is officered as follows, viz.: W. P. Williams, president; James B. Williams, vice-president; N. G. Williams, secretary, treasurer and manager. The works are located on the Island near the union depot, and includes a four-story and L brick building 355 x 60 feet, making it the largest manufactory of dairy implements in the world. The company are manufacturers of the Cooley Creamer, the Davis Swing Churn, the Improved Eureka Butter Worker, the Skinner Butter Worker, the Nesbitt Self-Gauging Butter Printer, Improved Sap and Cider Evaporators, the Pneumatic Fruit Dryer, as well as engines, boilers and a full line of creamery and dairy supplies. " Vermont Butter " takes precedence everywhere, and Vermonters undoubtedly surpass the world in producing this indispensable arti- cle of food. Any improvement in making it, whether in the saving of labor or improving the quality, has always received the careful attention of Vermont dairymen; hence their success. The Cooley Creamer is a new process of raising the cream, and its success is shown by the following premiums and testimonials : The Gold Medal at Paris Exposition, 1889. The highest prize at the Royal Agricultural Exhibition, held in London, Eng., in 1879, was awarded to butter made by the Cooley process. It won the highest award at the International Dairy Fair, held in New York City, 1878, against eighty competitors, Cooley creamery butter has won the first premiums at the state fair of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, New York, Dela- ware and Vermont, and receives the preference of critical judges everywhere. The Cooley Creamer and its products have been awarded twenty-two gold medals and many silver medals. The Cooley process, so justly celebrated, submerges the milk beneath the water and has many advantages over all others, including the fact that it requires no milk room, rai.ses all cream be- tween milkings, affords better ventilation, requires less labor, is more thoroughly made, keeps out all dust, impure gases and flies, and makes more butter. It soon pays for itself in every dairy. The creamers are made in four sizes or styles to meet the wants of all dairymen or factories. Parties thinking of starting a creamery should write to this company for lis^ of apparatus of any capacity, plans and specifications of creamery buildings, by-laws and any other information desired regarding the business, which is always cheerfully given. The Davis Swing churn manufactured by this com- pany belongs to the class known as oscillating chums; is simple in construction, and offered at a very low price. The demand for a bet- ter grade of butter calls attention to the fact that the quality de- pends very much upon the churn in which it is made. The advan- tages claimed for the churn are, among others, that it has no floats or inside gear which mash the butter globules and; destroy its grain ; no corner in which the cream can lodge, to be washed into the but- termilk, and lost when the butter separates. The butter gathers in beautiful granules, is never salvy, but in the best possible condition for washing inthe chum with cold water or brine. This churn has received premiums or medals at the Provincial Exhibition at Guelph, Canada ; the Virginia State Fair, New Jersey State Fair, New Eng- land Fair, Western New York Fair, Pennsylvania State Fair, Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Fair, North Carolina State Fair and elsewhere. The Eureka Butter AVorker is a great improvement over the old method of pressing the buttermilk and brine out of butter, and for putting it in shape for market. The worker is built in the most thorough manner, and is so simple that its cost is extremely low. It gives a gentle, even pressure, works rapidly, mixes the salt thoroughly and evenly and gives perfect satisfaction . For working over store butter of any color or grade, and bringing it to a uniform color and quality, it has no superior. The Improved Maple Sap and Sorghum Evaporators have proved superior to any other pan on the market. The company secured the right to manufacture under the Cook and Corey patents, and combining with these the Williams and Butler patents, they are enabled to offer an evaporator unequaled by any on the market for economy of fuel and fine product. It is well known that maple sugar, to be clear and white, should be converted into sugar as soon and rapidly as possible. The dark, unsalable maple sugar is the result of poor appliances for making. Long boiling injures the quality of sugar. Thirty minutes from the time the sap enters the evapora- tor should be all the time required to run off good heavy syrup. Some make sugar in this way as white as granulated, and the amount some report to have made in a certain time, with a great saving of time and fuel, seems remarkable. This evaporator serves equally well for making syrup of sorghum. Also in seasons when apples are abundant, great saving can be made by condensing sweet cider into jelly. This apple jelly is something delicious, and is easily and profitably made by the evaporator. The Pr.sumatic Fruit Dryer is another important specialty of this company, and is recognized as taking the lead wherever introduced. At the Pennsylvania State Fair the leading fruit dryers made in the United States were put to a practical test, resulting in the award of the first premium to the Vermont Farm Machine Company, their Pneumatic Fruit Dryer dry- ing the fruit faster and with less fuel than all the others. These dryers are portable, and can be used in the kitchen, orchard, porch, cellar or any convenient place. It is the only dryer in which the heat passes three times across the furnace. They are in great and growing demand in the West Indies, South America and other coun- tries producing tropical fruits. This company also manufacture the Curtis Improved Bottle Washer, the Surprise Churn, Perfection Patent Gate, the Cooley Improved Square Box Factory Churn, the Skinner Butter Worker, the Improved Philadelphia Butter Worker, Mason's Improved Power Butter Worker, Rice's Power Butter Worker, the Eureka Butter Printer, Nesbitt's Patent Self-Gauging Butter Presses, Cream Tempering Vats, Creamery Ice Vats, Gard- ner Vertical Engines, Excelsior Portable Engines, Bryant's Improved Automatic High Speed Safety Engine, Acme Automatic Safety En- gine, Combined Vertical Engines and Boilers, Triumph Feed Steamer, the Eureka Boiler or Steam Feed Cooker, cream and milk transportation cans, dairy salt and general supplies for the dairy. The company issue descriptive and illustrated catalogues of their products, and mail them to all applicants. Their improvements have practically revolutionized the dairy business of the country, and their products supplant all similar articles wherever introduced and tested. The officers and managers of the company are true types of American enterprise and modern manufacturing progress, and they have won their pre-eminence in the world by honestly deserv- ing it, and the success of the company under their able management is assured. 132 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF Eugene: S. I.E0NARI>, insurance Agent.— Protection is one of tlie fundamental principles of man's existence, whether the law applies to life or property. More than that, it is the duty of every man to look out for the future and avoid any possible future wants of his family that might arise from his own death or loss by fire. The sole protector in this case is insurance, a line of business in which Eugene S. Leonard is engaged in Bellows Falls. His busi- ness was established in 1875 by L. S. Hayes, Mr. Leonard succeeding him January 1, 1890. He has fine offices fronting the square, oppo- site the Louis Hotel. His is the largest insurance agency here, and at the same time he represents twenty-seven of the largest companies in the world, including life, fire and accident associations. The names of his companies follow: German American, of New York; ^tna, of Hartford; Continental, of New York; Hartford, of Hart- ford; Niagara, of New York; PhcEnix, of Hartford: Fire Associa- tion, of Philadelphia; National, of Hartford; Phenix, of Brooklyn, Insurance Co. of North America, of Philadelphia; Springfield Fire and Marine, of Springfield; Lancashire, of Manchester, Eng.; Liver- pool and London and Globe, of England; Imperial, of London, Eng.; North British and Mercantile of England; American, of New York; Sun Fire, of London, Eng. ; Northern, of London, Eng. ; Queen, of Liverpool, Eng.; New Hampshire Insurance Co., of Manchester, N. H.; Granite State, of Portsmouth. N. H.; People's Insurance Co., of Manchester, N. H. ; New England, of Rutland, Vt. ; Fitchbnrg Mutual, of Fitchburg, Mass. ; Union Mutual, Montpelier, Vt. ; New York Life, of New York; National Life, of Montpelier, Vt.; Travel- ers Accident Co., of Hartford; Lloyd's Plate Glass Insurance Co.; American Steam Boiler Insurance Co. Prior to Mr. Leonard's suc- cession to this business he had been in the line of underwriting sev- eral years, having established offices in February, 1887. His thor- ough capabilities to conduct the affairs of his profession were most generously set forth in a a public letter of endorsement published by Mr. Hayes, January 1, 1890, when he informed his patrons that he had sold all of his local insurance business to Mr. Leonard. He characterized his successor as entitled to the greatest confidence, and assured his former patrons that Mr. Leonard would fully pro- tect their interests with fidelity. Mr. Leonard's career has proven that that confidence was not misplaced. He is a man of most exem- plary principles, a native of Chester, Vt., and has high family con- nections. H. M. AmADON, Watches, Jewelry, Etc.— The custom of adorning the person with precious metals and rare gems has been handed down to us from the remotest periods known to history, and at the present day there is nothing manufactured or so eagerly sought after and in which there is so great and charming a variety as in rich and beautiful jewelry. A deservedly well patronized, rep- resentative and thoroughly reliable house engaged in this trade in Bellows Falls, well worthy of more than passing mention in these pages in consequence of its first-class stock of goods and honorable business record, is that of 3Ir. Henry M. Amadon, dealer in watches, clocks and jewelry. This popular establishment was founded origi- nally in 1884 by the present proprietor who is a native of Bellows Falls, and is a thoroughly experienced and practical man in every branch of the trade, having been engaged in it continuously ever since he was a boy. From the start he developed a very large and influential trade, such as fittingly illustrates what may be accom- plished by close attention to the wants of patrons, handling only A No. 1 goods, executing first-class work and adhering to strictly hon- orable dealings. His store is of ample dimensions, compactly ar- ranged and very neatly and attractively appointed, and provided with eviry convenience for the advantageous display of this valuable and elegant assortment of goods. The stock carried embraces a fine assortment of gold and silver watches of the best American and European manufacture, rare and precious gems mounted in the most exquisite and unique styles; wedding, engagement and souve- nir rings, ear rings, pendants, brooches, necklaces, bracelets, ban- gles, watch chains, chatelaines, charms, lockets and seals, shawl, scarf and lace pins; collar and cuff buttons, shirt studs, gold pens and pencils; also novelties in gold, silver, bronze and brass; French, Swiss and American clocks of every description ; solid gold, silver and plated wares; eyeglasses, lenses, spectacles and other optical goods, etc. These goods have been selected with great care, and are unsurpassed in quality, elegance of design and workmans hip, while the prices are very low, and each article is guaranteed to be as rep- resented. A specialty is the repairing of fine watches, clocks and jewelry, to which the proprietor devotes his personal attention, and all work done here is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. Mr. Amadon is a young man of enterprise, superior business ability and very courteous in his manner. He is reliable, prompt, and is held in high esteem by all with whom he has any dealings. F. S. ANDREWS, Druggist, Bellows Falls Drug Store. -An occupation of pre-eminent importance to every community, and requiring not only trained skill but long experience, is that of the pharmacist or druggist. It is one which is among the first called upon to alleviate the ills and ailments of the human system, and is the principal ally of the physician to restore the sick to former health. A highly prosperous, prominent and ably conducted house devoted to this important business in Bellows Falls, maintaining a well-merited high reputation for handling none but absolutely pure goods and efficient, trustworthy management, is that of Mr. F. S. Andrews, proprietor of the Bellows Falls Drug Store. This popular concern was founded originally in 1873, by Messrs. H. H. and S. M. Davis, who were succeeded by Messrs. Mitchell Brothers, and in 1889 it passed into the control of the present proprietor, Mr. Andrews, who is a native of Essex, Essex County, Mass., and has had a con- tinuous practical experience in this profession since 1870. He occu- pies spacious and commodious premises comprising a store and base- ment. The store is very tastefully and appropriately appointed in the latest modern style, and provided with every convenience, among the equipments being a handsome soda water fountain, also a special department provided for the prompt and accurate com- pounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, at all hours of the day or night under the direct supervision of the pro- prietor. The stock carried embraces a full and complete assortment of absolutely pure and fresh drugs and chemicals, all of standard quality; extracts, tinctures and pharmaceutical preparations of his own superior production; all proprietary remedies of well-known merit and reputation, besides several remedies of his own that are noted for their efficacy, such as cough syrup, Andrews' liver pills, etc.; the latest novelties in druggists' fancy goods, toilet articles, perfumery, foreign and domestic mineral waters; physicians' and surgeons' requisites, druggists' sundries, in fact, everything usually found in a well regulated drug store. Order and system prevail, po- lite service is promptly accorded to patrons by intelligent assistants and prices are always just and reasonable. Mr. Andrews is a cour- teous, refined and enterprising gentleman, cautious, reliable and exact in his profession. FAIRBANK & liABAREE, Plumbing, Steam and Hot Water Heating. —The best inventive genius of this century has been employed in the perfection of methods for heating buildings, both public and private, and each year has shown a marked advance in this respect. Among those who are familiar with the latest improved methods that have been recently introduced, and who have made the subject of steam and hot water heating a study, there are none in this section more capable or efficient than Messrs. Fairbank & Labaree, who have had many years' practical experience and are highly recommended by architects and builders. The business was established by Messrs. F. P. Hadley and A. H. and F. H. Brown, and the present firm was formed in 1888. The premises occupied comprise a store and basement 20 x 90 feet in dimensions, with a large workshop in the rear. The firm make contracts and furnish plans for heating and plumbing buildings both public and private, furnishing all necessary materials, and executing the work upon scientific principles in the best and most substantial manner. A large stock of stoves, ranges, heaters and furnaces are kept con- stantly on hand, and also a full line of tin, iron and copper ware. An efficient force of help is employed. Their plumbing and hot water heating work is done in eastern Vermont and western New Hampshire. Mr. E. C. Fairbank is a native of Grafton, Vt., and has had sixteen years' experience in the business. 3Ir. C. AV. Labaree is a native of Springfield, Vt., and attends to contract and general office work. Both gentlemen are young and enterprising business men and are well and favorably known to the trade and in social circles throughout this section. BELLOWS FALLS, VEKMONT. 133 DANIEL D. HOWARD, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, Gents' Furnishings, Hats, Trunks, Bags and Umbrellas, Shoes, Clothing and Shirts to Order.— This popular emporium of fashion was founded orig- inally in 1882 by Messrs. Howard & Goodrich, and was conducted by them with a single change in its title until 1889, when it passed into the control of the present proprietor. The spacious premises are commodious and admirably arranged into separatedepartments.fltted up in a very appropriate manner, with every convenience for the advantageous display of the largeand varied assortment of goods con- stantly on hand. The stock is full and complete and embraces the entire out-fittings for men, youths, and boys from head to foot, such as the best grades of hand and machine made boots, shoes, gaiters, and other novelties in foot-wear, the latest correct styles of hats and caps, fine white and fancy colored dress shirts, negligee flannel shirts, collars and cuffs; underwear of all weights, sizes and styles, gloves, hosiery, latest novelties in neckwear, etc. Hats, caps and clothing to order is made up from the very best materials by skilled designers and workmen in the very latest fashionable styles. The stock also includes a fine line of vaUses, satchels, bags, umbrellas, canes and traveling outfits. A specialty of the house is the manu- facture of fine boots, shoes, clothing, and dress shirts to order at the shortest notice in the very latest fashions and seasonable styles, and satisfaction is guaranteed as to fit, finish, elegance and flrst-class workmanship, while prices are the most reasonable. Mr. Howard is a native of Benson, this state, and a resident here for many years. N. n. FARR, Livery, Board and Feed Stable, Bridge Street. — This well-known establishment has been in existence for many years and is a veritable landmark, it was conducted for a long time by Mr. C. W. Towns, and in 1886 it passed into the control of the present proprietor, who is a native of New Hampshire, but has resided here since 18.37. He is an acknowledged authority on all mat- ters pertaining to the selection, training, care and treatment of the noble animal. His stable is spacious, commodious and admirably fitted up with special reference to the business, well lighted, properly ventilated and provided with the very best of sanitary conditions, and provided with ample accommodations sufficient to meet all re- quirements of the trade. Horses are taken to board by the day, week or month, and all animals placed under his charge receive most careful attention from experienced grooms, while the pro- vender is of the very best quality and bountifully provided. He keeps on hand a stock of from twenty to twenty-five of riding, driv- ing and road horses all in flrst-class and stylish condition, besides a fine assortment of carriages, coupes, coaches, surreys, top and open buggies, light wagons, sleighs and cutters that can be obtained on most reasonable terms at all hours of the day or night, with or with- out drivers. A specialty is made of funerals, weddings, receptions, balls, sleighing parties, etc., for which the most careful and reliable drivers are selected, and the service rendered is first class in every respect. Mr. Farr is a pleasant, courteous and highly entertaining gentleman, prompt, honorable and reliable in all his dealings. TOWNS' HOTEIi, A. R. Mason, Proprietor.— Among the best conducted hotels in Vermont and the leading one at Bellows Falls, is Towns' Hotel, of which A. R. Mason is the proprietor. This well known hostelry was established twenty years ago by C. W. Towns, who was succeeded in December, 1889, by the present proprietor. The hotel fronts the square and has therefore the advantage of a most superior location. It is a four-story brick building, and con- tains sixty-seven rooms, all nicely furnished and a model of cleanli- ness and neat arrangement. The house is steam heated and electric lighted. A well kept livery is connected with the house, where guests may And every equine accommodation. The hotel is finely managed from office to kitchen, and polite clerks are in atten- dance. The tables are supplied with all of the choicest meats, vege- tables and delicacies of the season and a competent chef presides over the kitchen. Mr. Mason is one of the most popular and oblig- ing landlords in the state and a master of his calling. He is also the proprietor of the Prospect House on Lake Spofford, Chesterfleld, N. H., a house that has a large patronage. Mr. Mason does all in his power for the comfort of his guests, and has a free bus running from the railway station to the hotel. He has flne sample and bath rooms and a barber shop, and it is safe to say that there is not a more popular hotel in the state, than Towns'. GEO. E. CADir, Jobber in Confectionery, Main Street.— A prominent house extensively engaged in this important business in Bellows Falls, is that of Mr. George E. Cady, jobber in con- fectionery. This enterprising gentleman was born in Northfleld, this state, and has been a resident here for some years. Having a wide range of experience in this line of trade, he inaugurated this enterprise on his own account in 1886, and at once developed a very large and influential trade, both wholesale and retail, extending throughout this section of the state, and is annually increasing in volume and importance. His store is spacious, commodious and admirably adapted to the requirements of the business and provided with every f aciUty for its successful prosecution . The stock carried is always full and complete, and embraces everything in the line of pure and fresh confectionery such as U. S. caramels in choice flavors, creamery caramels, roast almonds, fine chocolates of every variety, glazed chocolates, French fruit glazes, French nougats, apricots, bon-bons, lozenges, penny goods, package confectionery, mixed and broken candies, Boston chips, stick goods, medicated tablets, lozen- ges, rock-candy, licorices, and in fact everything in the line of plain and fancy candies and confections. These goods are received fresh and direct from the most celebrated makers known to the trade, are guaranteed to be pure and free from any adulteration or deleterious substances, while lowest prices are quoted. Mr. Cady is a wide- awake, enterprising young man who has built up a high reputation for the superior excellence of his goods. HARRIMAN & ROCHE, Boots, Shoes, Etc.— This well-known and popular firm is comprised of Mr. S. C. Harri- man, a native of New Hampshire, and Mr. J. Roche, a native of Ire- land, and a resident here since 1869, a thoroughly experienced and practical shoemaker. Forming this co-partnership under the pres- ent title they inaugurated this enterprise in 1884, and at once devel- oped a very large and influential patronage. Their store is of ample dimensions, commodious and admirably arranged for the business, and fully equipped with every accommodation for customers, and their flne assortment of goods. The stock carried is full and com- plete and embraces everything in the line of flne and medium grades of hand and machine made boots, shoes, gaiters, balmorals, slippers and all the latest novelties in foot-wear, for men, youths and chil- dren; also all that is new, fashionable and stylish for ladies, misses and children, including the strong walking boot and school shoe, as well as the flne toilet slipper, besides a complete assortment of rub- ber boots, arctics, overshoes and sandals suitable for all ages and both sexes. A specialty is the manufacture of fine boots and shoes for ladies and gentlemen to order by measure, in which none but the very best materials and conscientious workmanship are permitted to enter, and repairing receives prompt attention. F. J. BLAKE, Photographic and Portrait Artist, Arm's New Block. — Mr. Blake, though yet a young man, has attained an envi- able reputation, which is by no means limited to the city in which he is established. On the other hand he is recognized throughout New England as a leader in his profession, and in some of its varied de- partments as without a peer. His enthusiasm has not allowed him to be content in the narrow field of the average photographer, or a character of work without distinctive features of artistic worth. His views and outdoor pictures of groups, buildings, residences and landscape scenery have added rapidly to his business and reputation alike. He has issued a book of views of Bellows Falls and vicinity that is in great demand and a fine stock of which is kept constantly on hand. Enlargements are made from any description of small pictures, photographs, daguerreotypes, ambrotypes or drawings, while ink, crayons and water colors are executed under the supervis- ion of the eminent artist, J. H. Sherwin. The instantaneous process of photography is used. Carte de vistas, cabinets, promenades, boudoirs and Manhattans are produced at prices too often asked for work much less deserving. His rooms in the Arm's block are them- selves suggestive of the harmony and beauty of arrangement insep- erable from the work or conceptions of the true artist. Mr. Blake was born in Bellows Falls, grew up among the people who now seek his professional services, and there can be no better commentary upon his career than appear in the fact that within eight years he has built up his extensive business, and has kept pace with the rapid advancement of the photographic art. He made the views from which the Bellows Falls engravings in this work were drawn. 134 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF BELLOWS FALLS, VT J, T, KEEFE, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, Custom Work and Kepairing a Specialty.— Mr. Keefe is a native of Bellows Falls and is a thoroughly experienced and practical man in all branches of this trade. In 1879 he inaugurated this enterprise as a manufacturer only, and at once developed a very large and influential trade, and three years afterward in oWer to meet the popular demand he went into the trade more extensively by adding a full and complete line of ready made goods to those of his own production. The premises utilized are of ample dimensions, neatly arranged and very attract- ively appointed, comprising a store with workshop attached, while none but skilled and experienced workmen are employed. The stock carried embraces a full line of fine and medium grades of hand and machine made boots, shoes, gaiters, slippers and novelties in foot- wear for ladies, gentlemen, misses, youths and children, from the heavy walking boot or shoe to the most delicate patent leather pump, boot or toilet slipper. He also carries a fine assortment of rubber boots, arctics, overshoes, sandals, etc., suitable for all ages and both sexes. The ready made goods have been most carefully selected from among the best productions of the most reliable manufacturers known to the trade, and are unsurpassed in quality of material, style, finish and workmanship, while the range of sizes is such that an elegant, comfortable fit is readily obtained and at lowest possible prices. A specialty is made of repairing and fine custom boots and shoes to order for ladies and gentlemen, in which none but the very best materials and conscientious, high-class workmanship is permit- ted. Mr. Keefe is a pleasant, courteous and energetic young man of excellent business abihty. CHAS. E. CAPRON, Merchant Tailor.— A book reviewing the various business interests of this city would be very incomplete without mention of the well-known name of Chas. E. Capron, who is one of the best known in business circles. He established his store in 1879 and has a place stocked with the choicest foreign and domestic fabrics, with a tidy workshop in the rear. He employs four skillful tailors, and being a practical and stylish cutter and fitter, Mr. Capron turns out some of the finest custom made suits in New England. He has a large and growing trade and makes fine suits, coats, top and great coats, trousers, waistcoats, cape coats, ulsters, smoking- jackets and dressing gowns. He uses the choicest cloths, trimmings and linings and is regarded as a most reUable and popular merchant tailor, His styles are of the latest and his work gives universal satisfaction. Mr. Capron is a native of Marlboro, N. H., a gentleman of middle age and a conscien- tious tradesman. C, K. LiABAREEj Chicago and Northern Dressed Beef, Pork, Lard, Hams, Poultry, Vegetables, Etc.— Mr. C. K. Labaree is a dealer in Chicago and northern dressed beef, pork, lard, hams, tripe, sausage, pigs' feet, tongues, eggs, salted and smoked meats, poultry, chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, birds, game, country vegetables, corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, canned vegetables, peas, beans, beets, cabbage, etc. Mr. Labaree is the successor to A. L. Proctor, having come into possession of this business in March, 1890. He has a clean, neatly kept market, 25 x 60 feet, with bright, tidy marble counters, refrigerators and all of the modern appointments. He does a good bit of butchering, such as pork, beef, mutton, etc., while he also handles western beef. He has a choice stock of goods and sells only the best of everything. Mr. Labaree is a native of Vermont and a man of strict integrity. F. B. B0SU^6RTH, Druggist.— Mr. Bosworth is at the W. A. Holden stand, having succeeded him in business in 1889. He is a dealer in drugs, chemicals, extracts, elixirs, salves, ointments, plas- ters, botanical goods, herbs, essential oils, druggists' sundries, patent medicines, fancy and toilet articles, soaps, perfumery, manicure sets, hand mirrors, combs, brushes; also, confectionery, a full line of Huyler's goods always being kept in stock; tobacco, cigars, etc. Mr. Bosworth takes particular pride in his prescription department, giving special attention to physicians' prescriptions and family re- cipes. He is a practical, enterprising druggist and chemist and de- votes a great share of his time in scientific medicinal experiments and the preparation of lotions. His store is one of the most ele- gantly fitted places in this part of the state, of which he is a native. He keeps a rich stock of the best goods in the market while also are on sale the diagram and tickets for the opera house. M. B. KEIiliEY, Choice Family Groceries and Provisions.— The demand made for choice family groceries and provisions in Bellows Falls is clearly manifested by the extent of trade carried on by Mr. M. B. Kelley. He has a fine store, neatly and tidily ar- ranged, 25 X 60 feet, with basement, where he carries a complete stock of goods, his being one of the leading grocery stores here. He deals in all kinds of fancy and staple groceries, butter, eggs, cheese, flour, sugar, spices, tea, coffee, confections, tobacco, cigars, jellies, canned, dried, preserved and pickled fruits, sardines, olives, canned fish, potted meats, tomatoes in glass, vegetables and all kinds of farm produce. Mr. Kelley established his business in 1882. He employs five clerks and is noted as one of the most prosperous and reliable merchants in town. He is a native of Putney, Vt., and very popular with all classes. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF MONTPELIER. THE C -A. IP IT .A. L OIF THE ST-A.TE. ONTPELIER," says an excellent authority, "has time out of mind, been denominated ' the heart of the Commonwealth ' of Vermont. If this has been truly spoken, then '^N it goes without saying, that never has a heart throbbed to better purpose within a body politic than has here (from the bosom of a county itself royal in area as a Com- monwealth) made its pulsations felt throughout the world, through the superb system of the Green Mountain State. The state of Vermont lay hidden from the civilized peoples of the world for more than one hundred years after the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492. In 1534, James Cartier, in the service oE France discovered the Gulf of and River St. Lawrence. The follow- ing year he ascended the river to what is now Montreal. In 1540, Cartier visited Canada for the third time and attempted to found a colony. In 1603 Samuel de Champlain, a nobleman of France, visited the places described by Cartier and returned to his country filled with the zeal of an explorer. In 1608 Champlain returned, arriving in Quebec early in July. The follow- ing spring he set out on an exploring expedition, and the morning of July 4th entered the lake to which he afterwards gave his own name, and viewed for the first time what is now embraced in the state of Vermont. In 1664, the French began erecting fortifications on Lake Champlain, but it was not until 1724 at Fort Drummer, that the first permanent settlement was commenced, the garrison of this fort being for many years the only white inhabitants in Vermont. While the French were founding their colony at Quebec, exploring the regions of Canada and rapidly extending their settlements along the St. Lawrence, the other nations of Europe were not inactive. The English, after several unsuccessful attempts, succeeded in 1607, in making a permanent settle- ment upon the banks of the James River in Virginia, and about the same time planted a small colony in the present state of Maine. In 1614, Captain John Smith explored the sea- coast from the Penobscot River to Cape Cod, drew a map of the same, and denominated the country New England. In 1609 Captain Hendrick Hudson, in the service of Holland, discov- ered and gave his name to Hudson River, and in 1614, the Dutch began a settlement on the Island of Manhattan, where the City of New York now stands. In 1620 a band of English subjects (the Puritans) arrived at Plymouth, Mass. In 1623, the English had begun a settlement 135 136 INDUSTRIES A N D AV £ A L T M O F at Portsmouth and Dover, N. H., and ten years later they had penetrated the wilderness to the Connecticut River. Thus early were the French on the north and the Dutch on the south, MONTPELIER, VERMONT. 137 and the English on the east, advancing their settlements towards Vermont. The French laid claim to nearly the whole country, confining the English to a narrow strip of land along the Atlantic coast. The English resisted, and thus the jealousies and rivalries which had long made France and England enemies in the Old World were transplanted to the New^ Continent. The French sought the alliance of the Indian tribes and years of warfare followed, in which the English at last succeeded in gaining a large amount of land. During the period of the French wars, the territory now included within the state of Vermont was much traversed by the colonial armies, and at the close of the wars began to attract the attention of pioneers. The territory was claimed both by New York and New Hampshire, and the governor of the latter colony having issued charters freely, the fees and emoluments of which were giving him wealth, the government of New York became alarmed and determined to check them. Then followed the strife over title, so familiar to readers of history. This continued until September, 1776, when the people began to take measures to declare the "New Hampshire Grants" a separate district. The germ soon expanded and grew into the free and independent State of Vermont ; the only state in the Union, except Texas, which was admitted by petition of her people. Montpelier was made the capital of the state in 1800, and the legislature assembled here for the first time October 13th of that year. , THE CAPITOL. The Capitol building is a fine specimen of Grecian Architecture, It occupies a command- ing site, and with its towering walls, huge dome, and massive Doric columns, of white Barre granite, presents an imposing appearance. It is set in a beautiful park with sloping lawns and rounded terraces reaching to the street. A broad flight of granite steps lead to a lofty portico where a heroic sized statue of Ethan Allen stands. The statue is of marble and was executed by Larkino G. Mead, a Vermonter and world renowned sculptor. The statue is to represent the ancient hero as he stood, boldly demanding the surrender of Ticonderoga " In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." The State House has a front- age of 177 feet and is surmounted by a dome and cupola 56 feet high, making the statue of Agriculture, which crowns the edifice 120 feet above the ground. The Hall of Representatives contains seats for 243 members and the senate chamber seats thirty Senators. An annex to the State House is occupied by the State Library, the Supreme Court and Historical Society. It is of granite seventy-four feet long, forty-eight feet wide, and two stories in height. The Capitol contains a fine cabinet of mineralogy and natural history, a valuable library of 26,000 volumes without duplicates, and the usual offices for state officials. The battle flags of Ver- mont troops in the war of the Rebellion are carefully preserved in cases in the corridors, and in the executive chamber hangs a splendid painting, " Battle of Cedar Creek," executed by Julian Scott of the Fourth Vermont Volunteers. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. The frame of government for this state now provides for : I. The Executive, the chief oflS- ■cers of which are Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Treasurer, Secretary of State, and Auditor of Accounts against the State, all of whom are elected biennially by the free men of the state. II. A senate of thirty members elected as before mentioned. HI. A house of Representatives consisting of one member from each organ ized town, elected by the freemen thereof. IV. A Judiciary, the officers of which are all elective : the Judges of the Supreme Court (who are also Chancellors) by the Senate and House of Representatives, in joint assembly; the assist- ant judges of County Courts, (a judge of the Supreme Court presides in each County Court) Judges of Probate Courts, Sheriffs, State's Attorneys and High Bailiffs, by the freemen of the respective counties, and Justices of Peace by the freemen of the respective towns. The slate election is in September, biennially, and a majority of all the votes cast is required to elect every officer, except senators and other county officers, including in the latter justices of the peace 138 1 N D U 8 T K 1 E b AND W E A L T H O F MONTPELIER, VERMONT. 139 elected by the several towns. Every term of town officers is limited to one year or until others are elected. The Governor's power of appointment is very limited, embracing ordinarily his Secretary and Military Staff only; but he has powe: to fill any office created by law where the appointment is not fixed by the constitution or a statue, and also to fill any vacancy occurring by death or otherwise. By recent statues, the governor may nominate, sub- ject to approval by the senate, various officers. The heads of the various state bureaus (not before specified) and generals of divisions and brigades, are elected by the Senate and House in joint assembly — the former officers biennially and generals when vacancies occur. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. Montpelier is situated ten miles from the geographical center of the state, and contains- more than 4000 inhabitants. The village is located in the beautiful valley of the Winooski River which flows through the village receiving the waters of Worcester branch within the lim- its of the village proper and that of Dog River but a short distance below. Several railroads certter here making the village an important commercial point. The Central Vermont Railroad is the leading railway to the village and furnishes a through line from Boston on the east, to Montreal and the Great West. A branch of the Central Vermont runs from Montpelier to Barre, six miles, and one to Williamstown. The Montpelier and Wells River Railroad, thirty- eight miles long, connects with the Boston and Lowell system at Wells River for all points in the White Mountains. The M. & W. R. company also have a branch to Barre, running through that village to the great granite quarries. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. The Vermont Methodist Seminary is charmingly situated on a broad plateau overlooking the Capital and Winooski Valley and ranks high among New England educational institutions. It celebrated its semi-centennial in 1884. The Newbury and Springfield Seminaries have been merged in the Montpelier institution, which now has an endowment fund of nearly $50,000. The Seminary edifice built in 1872 is one of the best in the state. The institution has been fitted for lighting by electricity recently. The location of this institution is unsurpassed for healthfulness and natural beauty. Montpelier is well supplied with handsome church edifices,, substantially built and of great architectural beauty. They include Bethany (Congregational) ; the Church of the Messiah (Unitarian); Christ's Church (Episcopal); Trinity (Methodist); St.. Augustine (Roman Catholic) and Baptist. The new Federal building has recently been completed and is devoted to the uses of the United States Courts and for the postoffice. The building is a fine granite structure, a great ornament to the village and one of the finest public buildings in the state. During the past few years the appearance of the place has been greatly improved by the erection of several large and costly public buildings, among which may be mentioned the Blanchard Opera House, the Life Insurance building, the Pavilion hotel and a very handsome edifice erected by the Lane Manufacturing Company. Montpelier has two old established and widely known newspapers.. The Watchman Company publish the Vermont Watchman, an enterprising and ably conducted weekly paper. The Vermont Chronicle and the New Hampshire Journal, both Congregational papers, are published weekly by the Watchman Company. The Argus and Patriot, one of the leading Democratic papers of the state, is published weekly. PUBLIC MEN, PAST AND PRESENT. As the capital of the state since the beginning of the present century, Montpelier has been the home of many eminent men who have been famous in both political, commercial, financial,, and literary life. Among each may be named Hon. Samuel Prentice, U. S. Senator from 183 1 to 1842 ; Hon. Wm. Upham, U. S. Senator from 1843 to 1855 ; Honorable Lucius B. Peck, 140 IXDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF* member of Congress from 1847 to 185 1 ; Hon. Eliakim P. Walton, member of Congress from 1857 to 1863 ; Hon. Chas. W. Willard, member of Congress from 1869 to 1875 ; Chas. G. East- man, one of Vermont's greatest poets ; Rev. Wm. H. Lord, the eminent and scholarly divine ; MONTPELIER, VERMONT, 141 Dr. Julius Y. Dewey, founder of the National Life Insurance Company ; Hon, Daniel Baldwin, president for many years of the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company; Dennis Lane, the inventor of the Circular Saw ; Daniel P. Thompson, the author of " The Green Mountain Boys," " Locke Amsden," and many other popular novels ; and others of Vermont's illustrious dead. It is now the home of Hon, J. A, Page, treasurer of Vermont for many years, and one of the most faithful officers of the state ; Gen. Stephen Thomas, one of Vermont's most gallant officers Post Office. The work on the above elegant structure was executed by the Vermont Marble Co., Proctor, Vt., of Sutherland Falls marble. in the Civil War; Homer W. Heaton, the able lawyer; James R. Langdon, prominent as a financier and railroad manager ; Gen. P. P. Pitkin, well known as a quartermaster in the Army of the Potomac; Thomas. W. Wood, the world renowned artist; Joseph A. Wing, Hiram A. Huse, Stephen C. Shurtleff, Col. Fred E. Smith, B. F. Fifield, Clarence H. Pitkin. The Deweys, Blanchards, Ferrins, Pecks, Clarks, Kemps, Carltons, Hydes, Scribners, Crosses, Wilders^ Fullers, Atkinses, Wheelocks, Gleasons, Putnams, Taplins, Howes, Baileys, Farwells, Fosters, Hubbards, and many other prominent citizens. MONTPELIER, FIRST NATIONAIj BANK, State Street.— The First Na- tional Bank, Montpelier's leading financial institution, was incorpo- rated in 1865, succeeding to the business of the old Vermont Bank, which had been in existence from 1840. It has a cash capital of $250,000, and is olHcered as follows, viz: president, Hon. Charles Dewey; vice-president, J. W. Ellis; cashier, F. L. Eaton; directors: John A. Page, Charles Dewey, J. AV. Ellis, P. P. Pitkin, Fred E. Smith. The banking rooms are eligibly located on State Street, and are spacious in size, and elegantly appointed, affording ample ac- commodation for the public, and possessing every modern conven- ience for the prosecution of the business in hand. A general bank- ing business is transacted, including the receiving of deposits, the discounting of approved commercial paper, the collection of drafts, and the dealing in domestic and foreign exchange. From its incep- tion this bank has retained the confidence of the public to a marked and gratifying degree. Its founders were men who had the rare foresight to recognize the possibilities of such an institution, and who laid the foundations sufficiently strong and deep to bear any superstructure that time, experience and wealth might rear. They builded well, and their successors have been eminently worthy of the succession. Under its present wise and conservative manage- ment it is doing a large and safe business, all its movements being marked by prudence, caution and honorable business methods, and it is generally recognized as one of those solid, ably conducted insti- tutions which reflect credit alike upon its officers and the commu- nity where its influence is felt. Its last semi-annual statement, made January 1, 1891 is as follows: resources, $587,862.41; liabilities, $587,- 862.41. Its principal correspondents are the National Bank of Redemption and the Maverick National Bank, of Boston, and the Importers' and Traders' National Bank, of New York. Its execu- tive officers are gentlemen with whom it is always a pleasure to do biisiness. Prompt, and efficient in all their dealings with the pub- lic, they are naturally popular, and uphold the credit of the bank in all the various relations of life. The president, Hon. Charles Dewey, is president of the National Life Insurance Company, vice-pres- ident of the Lane Manufacturing Company, and has been a director of this bank since its organization, serving as vice-president from 1878 to 1891, and on January 13 of the latter year was elected presi- dent. Mr. Dewey has held many public positions of responsibility and trust, among them being state senator and inspector of finance and bank examiner. He is regarded as one of the best and most conservative financial men in the state. The cashier, Mr. Eaton, was born in Calais, Vt., July 10, 1859, and first entered the bank as teller in January, 1877. In March, 1881, he accepted the position of cashier of the National Bank of Barre, returning here in February, 1885, to fill his present responsible office. He has been treasurer of the town and village of Montpelier for several years past, is treas- urer of the Wetmore & Morse Granite Company, treasurer and di- rector of the R. C. Bowers Granite Company, and a member of the F. and A.M., and the S. of V., being elected, in 1888, colonel of Ver- mont division. Sons of, Veterans, and has a wide acquaintance and a de- served popularity in both social and business circles. J. W. Ellis, the vice-president, is a capitalist and retired merchant. He is a director in the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company and of the Union Loan and Trust Company of Sioux City, Iowa, while the directors also include such well-known names as J. A. Page, ex-state treasurer and president of the bank from its organization to January 13, 1891. Gen. P. P. Pitkin, president of the Lane Manufacturing Company, and Hon. Fred E. Smith, president of the Vermont Mutual Fire In- surance Company, and of the Colby Wringer Company, is a di- rector in several financial institutions in Vermont and other states. This bank does about three-fourths of all the banking business at this capital. THE NATIONAL lilFE INSURANCE CO., Montpelier, Vermont.— Of all the companies whose methods and plans we have examined, the National Life, of Montpelier, seems to offer the most substantial inducements. It was chartered in November, 1848, and began business in 1850. It has long been widely recognized as the most perfect embodiment of the principle of full protection at the lowest possible cost. The careful selection of risks is provided for and admission fees and annual dues are placed at the lowest figures, owing to the economical basis on which the company's business is conducted. It issues all desirable forms of policies, while the " in- stallment bond " plan of this company especially commends itself to the favor of the public and has become an important factor in the growth of the business of the company. Conservatively managed, and conducted on principles of equity and common sense, with light expenses and the best class of risks exclusively in the Northern States, the National is doing a very large business and is to-day the best medium in existence for securing life insurance at lowest cost. Its fortieth annual statement made January 1, 1891, is : total en- dowments paid. $279,069.42; total death losses paid, $3,355,433.71 ; total interest received. $3,468,114.53; total amount paid to policy holders, $6,525,216.71; 5,833 polices issued and revived in 1890, insuring, $15,- 148,462.00; 21,604 policies in force, insuring, $46,362,301.00; increase in- number of policies in force, 2780; increase in amount of insurance in force, $7,594,760.00. The officers of the National Life are as fol- lows, viz: president, Hon. Charles Dewey; vice-president, Edward Dewey; secretary, Geo. W. Reed; treasurer, J. C. Houghton; assist- ant secretary, Osman D. Clark ; medical director, A. B. Bisbee, M.D. ; actuary, Joseph A. DeBoer; assistant treasurer, H. M. Cutler. The president is the son of the late Dr. Julius Y. Dewey, to whose untiring and intelligent efforts the formation of this company was largely due, and who was its first president, continuing to direct its affairs until his lamented decease in 1877, when he was succeeded by his son. The latter had for some years previously been the efficient secretary of the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and had also filled many public offices of honor and trust in the town, county and state. He served two terms as a member of the state senate, was state inspector of Finance four years and is now President of the First National Bank of Montpelier. The vice-president, Ed- ward Dewey, Esq., a brother of the preceding, has spent a lifetime in the life insurance business, and is an accepted authority thereon. The secretary, Mr. Reed, has tilled that position since the organiza- tion of the company, and has won for himself the esteem of the patrons of the company by his intelligent appreciation of the duties devolving upon him, as well as by his sound, conservative methods. The treasurer, Mr. Houghton, was for a number of years cashier of the First National Bank of Montpelier. The Board of Directors com- prises such eminent names as that of Hon. Paul Dillingham, ex- member of Congress and ex-Governor of Vermont, who has been in the directory since the organization of the company; Hon. Dudley C. Denison, ex-member of Congress; Hon. Fred. E. Smith, president of the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company; Gen. Perley P. Pitkin, president of the Lane Manufacturing Comj)any; and Hon. Wheelock G. Veazey, of the Inter-State Commission and Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic of the United States. Hon. George Briggs of Brandon, ex-Lieut-Gov. L. K. Fuller of Brattle- boro, and Hon. James T. Phelps of Boston. 142 M O N T i' E L 1 E II , V E K M O X T . 143 liANE) MANUFACTURING COOTPANY, (Formerly Lane, Pitkin & Broclc,) Lane's Patent Circular Saw-Mills, Saw-Mill Set Works, Clapboard Machinery, Etc., Etc.— The wonderful devel- opment of American manufacturing interests has attracted the at- tention of the entire civilized world, and Montpelier has great cause for congratulation that she is the home and birthplace of such a widely-known manufacturing enterprise as that of the Lane Manu- facturing Company, which enjoys a reputation and a trade, in the production of its specialties, thoroughly national in extent and emi- nently creditable in character. The company is especially famous as sole manufacturers of Lane's patent circular saw-mills, and are also extensive producers of saw-mill set works, clapboard machinery, swing saw rigs, planing machines, shingle machines, log jackers, matching machines, lath machines, water wheels, double pdgers, shafting, pulleys, hangers, etc., etc. The foundation of this mam- moth enterprise was laid in 1861 by the late Dennis Lane, who began at that time the manufacture of machinery in a small way. His in- ventive brain soon brought forth the circular saw-mill which has made his name celebrated throughout the length and breadth of the land. In 1865, General P. P. Pitkin, fresh from the honors won at the head of the quartermaster's department in the Army of the Potomac, was admitted to partnership, followed sooh after by the admission of James W. Brock, under the firm name of Lane, Pitkin & Brock. This firm developed an enormous industry, taking the lead in the United States in their important industry, and in 1873 the present company was incorporated with a capital of $120,000. Mr. Lane, the honored head of the concern, died in 1888, after a long and success- ful business career, and the company is now officered as follows, viz.: P. P. Pitkin, president; Charles Dewey, vice-president; C. P. Pitkin, secretary and treasurer. The works of the company are eligibly situated on the north branch of the Winooski River, and cover an area of seven acres. They are equipped with all the latest improved machinery, tools and appliances that skill, science and capital can supply, and steady employment is given to nearly one hundred and fifty workmen, the pay roll averaging $1,500 per week. A large foundry has been erected the past year, and additions and improvements are constantly being made to keep pace with the growing demands of the trade. The processes by which the manu- facture of the company's specialties are conducted in the foundry and machine shops are of the most perfect character, while the ut- most care is exercised by the management to maintain the highest standard of excellence, and as a result the product is in heavy and constantly increasing demand in all sections of the country. Lane's patent lever set saw-mills are manufactured in seven different sizes, and are designed on new and advanced principles, rendering them by far the best device of the kind ever invented. They practically supplant all similar inventions wherever introduced, and are thor- oughly perfect as regards quality of material, strength, durability and utility. These and all other specialties manufactured here are furnished at short notice and at figures which are invariably satis- factory to buyers. This company also manufacture the famous "Monitor" turbine water wheel, and do a general business as ma- chinists and founders, controlling not only the bulk of the trade in their lines in Vermont, but also ship to every state in the Union. General Pitkin, the president, is one of the best known citizens and prominent public men of Vermont, serving with eminent credit in a responsible position at the front during the war; quartermaster-gen- eral of his own state after the war; representative from Montpelier in the state legislature of 1872, and is now a director of the First National Bank, of Mont- pelier, and of the National Life Insurance Company, of Montpelier, and prominent and popular in Grand Army circles and in social, commercial and financial life. The vice-pres- ident, Hon. Charles Dewey, is the president of the National Life Insurance Company of Montpelier, and president of the First National Bank, Montpelier, and recently bank examiner and inspector of finance. The secretary and treasurer, Mr. C. P. Pitkin, is a son of Gen. Pitkin, and an expert and accomplished official; serving as representative from Mont- pelier in the state legislature of 1888, and en- joying the esteem and confidence of a wide circle of friends in public and private life. A. G. STONE, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver Ware and Fancy Goods, Corner Main and State Streets.— The time has arrived in this country when Americans are no longer anxious to send abroad for the purpose of procuring pocket time pieces, being convinced that the foreign world does not supply finer watches than those that are made at home. Montpelier has a prominent merchant engaged in this line of trade, Mr. A. G. Stone, corner of Main and State Streets. He is a dealer in watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware and fancy goods, and is also notably skillful in making repairs. Mr. Stone, who is a native of Vermont, came here and established himself in business in 1873. He has one clerk in his employ, and has built up his trade until he carries a large stock of jewelry and fancy goods, his business requiring the entire space of one floor, 30 x 40 feet. Being a carefully trained and practical worker, Mr. Stone does a considerable amount of custom trade. He has the name for handling only the best of wares, any article he disposes of being in accordance with his recommendation as to its genuineness and value. He is ranked among the city's leading business men and is also very popu- lar socially. E. W. BAILE1' dc CO., Flour, Corn and Meal, Etc., Main Street.— The firm of Messrs. E. W. Bailey & Co., of this village, are well and widely known as wholesale and retail dealers in flour, corn and meal, oats, mill feed and grass seeds, and operate a large grist mill and elevator, as well as extensive warerooms, the latter being located on Main Street. The business was established in 1868, by Messrs. Bailey & Park, the present firm being organized in 1879 The mill is a three-story building, 40 by 60 feet in dimensions, pro- vided with every modern facility for the systematic and successful prosecution of the business in all its branches, while the salesroom on Main Street measures 40 by 150 feet. The firm handle the best brands of family flour, and prime qualities of oats, meal, bran, mill feed and grass seeds, all of which are received direct from the pro- ducer, in large invoices and at advantageous rates, the aim of the firm being not only to meet every demand of the trade and public, but to offer good goods in all cases at the lowest market prices. Orders by telephone, telegraph, or mail are promptly and carefully filled, and the connections of the house are such as enable it to com- pete successfully with any of its contemporaries, whether dealing at wholesale by the car load or at retail by the ton. The stock is kept up to the highest standard of excellence. Mr. Bailey is a native of Elmore, Vt., and has long been prominent in the business circles at the capital, while he is also extensively interested in business in Chicago. Mr. Taft was bom in Barre, Vt., and is accounted among that class of energetic, sagacious young business men, in whose hands the continued development of this community rests. lU IXDUSTEIES AND WEALTH OF TriIjI every hand are to be seen the great establishments erected for cutting, polishing, and finishing the granite for the markets of the world. The principal deposit is four and one half miles dis- tant from the depot and was formerly known as "mill stone hill." The granite lies in sheets or layers and greatly varies in thickness, thus permitting the quarrying of blocks of any desired size. Mammoth blocks ten feet square and upwards are here obtained, and shafts of any length can be secured with equal facility. Barre granite is remarkably even, of the finest grain, susceptible of the highest polish, and admitting of the best conceptions of the sculptor's art. The growth of this industry has indeed been marvelous. Ten years ago only a score of men were engaged in cutting granite at this place. To-day there are over fifty granite firms in the town, employing over 1,500 men. The granite is shipped to all parts of the world, and is recognized by experts as the finest extant. The magnificent showing of to-day is due to the recognized good qualities of the granite and the enterprise of the manufacturers in meeting the demands of the trade, rather than to any effort made to force the product upon the market. It may be said that the business now so firmly established here is one that is bound to grow to many times its present proportions, and a great future for Barre is confidently predicted by those who have investigated the matter. Hundreds of new dwellings are being built every year, and Barre is destined to become, in the not far distant future, the metropolis of the state. 154 BARKE, VERMONT 155 156 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. In 1886 the Barre Opera House was erected for the accommodation not only of the town but for the numerous operatic and theatrical companies who constantly visit this, the best " show town " in the state. The building is of brick with granite trimmings, one hundred by sixty- five feet in dimensions, and overlooks the village park. On the ground floor are three stores and the village post office. The upper portion is given up to what is one of the finest halls in the state, with all scenery and accessories required by the largest theatrical organizations. Barre has long been known for its fine schools, and Goddard Seminary, located here is one of the leading educational institutions of Vermont. It is managed by the Vermont State Con- vention of Universalists and is an ornate and imposing structure, occupying a commanding posi- tion overlooking the village. The graded school system is also in vogue in Barre, and a new school building is in process of completion on the grounds formerly occupied by Barre Academy, so widely known under its late preceptor, J. S. Spaulding, LL. D. This village contains four churches, Congregational, Methodist, Universalist, and Roman Cath- olic, while other churches are soon to be built by the Baptist and Presbyterian societies. The business blocks are built mostly of brick and granite, presenting a handsome and sub- stantial appearance ; notably the Granite Savings bank, a fine granite block, three stories high, the Worthen Block, a fine three-story, brick structure ; Averill's Block, Wood's Block, Nichol's Block, the Jackman Block and the National Bank of Barre. WATER WORKS. Barre is to be congratulated upon the possession of an admirable system of water works. The supply is taken from Jail branch, a mountain stream. About three and one half miles from the village a dam is constructed in the stream to form a large reservoir. This reservoir is some four hundred feet above the village and the pressure is sufficient to throw several streams from the fire hydrants over the highest buildings in the village, as well as supplying the population with water. THE MANUFACTURING RESOURCES. It is an admitted fact that the true foundation of a city's prosperity are its manufacturing industries. A prosperity based exclusively on a commercial basis must necessarily be ephemeral. A city which depends upon any one or more of the great agricultural staples for support, bus- iness and growth, is liable to become paralyzed in her energies and interests, not only by failure in the production of such staples but from their diversion to other points where eligi- bility gives them the advantage and preference as markets. The fluctuation in prices of articles of produce are such that no certainty of operations can be relied upon, and when uncertain, feverish, and exciting speculation underlies the business of any community or city, there is no guarantee of permanent and staple prosperity ; whereas where manufacturing is carried on exten- sively there is a steady, healthy growth. This being the fact we know of no better illus- tration of it practically than Barre. The water power available for manufacturing purposes in Barre is enormous and sufficient for the present need and the prospective increase for many years to come. Among the successful manufacturing establishments in successful operation at the present time may be mentioned the Fork Factory, the Woolen Mill, a Flouring Mill, a Wood-working Factory, and several factories engaged in the manufacture of stone cutters' tools. The village is handsomely laid out with wide, well-paved, and brilliantly lighted streets. The private buildings are, many of them, built upon a grand scale, and handsome residences line the beautiful thoroughfares not devoted to business purposes, and the beautiful green hills that encircle the village are dotted with neat and tasteful dwellings affording beautiful homes for those who prefer quiet, and charming views to the du^t and turmoil of the busy village below. AERE, YEKMONT. 15T 158 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF THE VOLUME OF BUSINESS has kept steady pace with the increase in population, and is steadily advancing with each suc- ceeding year. Socially and morally Barre will compare favorably with any village in the state. Her citizens are mainly a church going people, the public schools are liberally patronized, the arts and sciences are cultivated and fostered, and the prosperity of the community may be said to rest upon a solid and lasting foundation. From a sanitary standpoint Barre is a very DESIRABLE PLACE OF RESIDENCE, and every precaution is exercised by the village authorities to maintain the present condition. The mechanics and laboring men of Barre many of them own their houses, and as a conse- quence rents are reasonable. Shabby or unsightly tenement-houses are unknown in Barre. With her steadily increasing population and the many small towns within the radius of a few miles, all of which are tributary to her, her business, already large, is rapidly increasing and affords the capitalist a splendid field to invest and increase his wealth. Its educational advan- tages should also prove serious and important attractions to the manufacturer having a family of children, whom he desires to give a first-class education at lowest cost, and retain them under his own roof during their schooling days. Every child so far belongs to the state as to be entitled to a free education at the expense of the state ; ignorance is more costly than schools, and no investment can be so productive of good returns to the state as that devoted to the culture of those who are themselves soon to be the State. Hence the doors of the public schools are thrown open, and the children are welcomed without money and without price, not from the parlors of the rich alone but from the humble abodes of the poor. Thus the altars of liberty, built by our forefathers, have had their fires kept brightly burning through all the generations since from the " Mayflower " stepped that faithful band who carried within their hearts the first hot coals of freedom. B ARRE. OEO. J. KEYNOIiDS & CO., Hardware, Paints, Ranges, Stoves and Tinware.— The firm of Geo. J. Reynolds & Co. have an old and well established house, the pioneer in the hardware line, and are enjoying a reputation and a trade that represents the results of nearly fifty years of honorable and successful effort. The business was founded by the late Lester Tilden, and the building occupied is an old and honored landmark in the business history of the town. The present Arm was organized some fifteen years ago, consisting of Messrs. Geo. J. Reynolds and Geo. W. Tilden, the latter being a son of the founder of the business. The premise^ now occupied comprise four floors, 50 x 110 feet each, arranged systematically and con- veniently, and forming an establishment unequaled in the extent and variety of its goods in this line in the state. The several depart- ments are filled with an elaborate and diversified stock, embracing l)uilders' hardware and shelf goods, locksmiths' and butchers' sup- plies, carpenters, mechanics and machinists' tools, stoves, ranges and furnaces, tin, sheet-iron and copper ware, bar iron and steel, paints, oils, Akron drain pipe, plumbing and steam fitting materials, and granite cutters' tools in great variety. These supplies are pur- chased in vast quantities direct from the manufacturers, and special attention is given to the character and quality of the productions, the aim being not only to meet every want, but to offer the very best in every case that the markets afford. Significant advantages are •extended to customers in the matter of prices, and all the great re- sources of the house are used to promote the interests of its patrons. Plumbing is made a specialty, and every facility is at hand for guaranteeing the prompt and perfect fulfillment of all orders in that line. This house is the recognized headquarters for all tools used in the granite industry, while in roofing, tin and sheet-iron work, it oc- ■cupies an acknowledged place at the head of the trade, from which position it makes good its claim for accomplishing the best and most thorough work to be found in any locality. Employing ample cap- ital and a large force of skilled workmen, and commanding ad- vanced opportunities for the procurement of supplies, the house of Messrs. Geo. J. Reynolds & Co. may be justly considered as a tower of strength in the field of commerce. The co-partners have long been prominent in business and financial circles, which serves to place them far beyond the requirements of any praise which these pages could bestow. Mr. Reynolds is a native Vermonter, and for ■several years resided in the state of Oregon, returning here in 187.5 and soon after embarked in his present business. He is an extensive ■owner of real estate, and closely identified with the growth and de- velopment of the town. Mr. Tilden was born in Barre, and for a number of years was engaged in the hardware business at Montpe- lier; was also a member of the firm of Reynolds & Tilden, woolen manufacturers, at the Moorcroft "Woolen Mill in this place. He has represented Barre in the State Legislature, is a trustee of Goddard Seminary, and prominent in masonic and other organizations. His residence and grounds are recognized as among the handsomest and most attractive on North Main Street. WS:L.1.S, liAMSON & CO., Wholesale Dealers in Dark Barre Granite, Rough and Finished from Their Own Quarries, Esti- mates Furnished on Application.— Barre granite is undoubtedly the most popular and desirable material for its uses on this continent. It is the most easily worked of any granite, and rock-faced it pre- sents the handsomest effect of any stone. It is absolutely imper- vious to water, and not absorbing moisture it does not disintegrate or decay. It breaks and splits in any direction with great precision. It lies in the quarries in great solid masses, and the sizes of the blocks are only limited by the power of machinery to handle. Its great strength, its beauty, its non-absorbing qualities, its ready sus- ■ceptibility to the highest polish, and its hard, durable surface, together place it supreme above all other products for both monu- meuval and building work. An important factor in the development of the industry here is the house of Messrs. "Wells, Lamson & Co., ■who are widely prominent as extensive wholesale dealers in dark Barre granite, rough and finished from their own quarries, and who make a leading specialty of fine monumental work. They estab- lished their business here in- 1882, and have gained a reputation and a trade thoroughly national in extent and eminently creditable in character. As monumentalists this firm rank first in quality and second to few in the volume of their production. This class of work has become an art, requiring originality of conception, technical training, patient endeavor, intelligent application and the very acme of expert workmanship to secure an artistic totality of admirable and enduring qualities. To fully meet these essential requisites the efforts of this firm are unremitting. In heavy monumental work, ideal and realistic carving, and the best materials, this firm stand at the forefront of the granite industry in this country. The fullest ex- tent of artistic possibility has signalized their many productions. Among the more important monuments supplied by this firm may be named the fine soldiers' monument at Binghamton, N. Y.; the soldiers' monument at Kokomo, Ind. ; the monument erected by the Millers' Association at Minneapolis to the memory of eighteen per- sons killed by a mysterious explosion in a flouring mill in that city a few years ago; the monument erected to the memory of "Blue Jeans" Williams, late governor of Indiana; the soldiers' monument at Wellsboro, Pa.; the soldiers' monument at Salem, Mass., — con- ceded to be the finest granite statue in that state. All work fur- nished by this firm proves as represented, is guaranteed in every respect, and all statements, expressed or implied, in letter and spirit are substantiated. Finely finished memorials are produced here at short notice, which challenge comparison as to quality of work and defy competition as to price. This firm own twenty-six acres of quarry land, operate t-wo separate quarries, and give employment altogether to some seventy men. The individual members of this responsible firm are Messrs. S. O. Wells, Geo. Lamson and J. K. Pirie. Mr. Wells is a native of "Vermont, represented the town of Woodbury in the state legislature, and has served as justice of the peace and in other official positions for which his well-known abili- ties so well fit him. All the partners are expert masters of the stone cutters' trade, and enterprising and progressive in keeping pace with the growing demands and refinements of the times. G. J. TO"WNIi; & CO., Wholesale and Retail Groceries and Crockery, Opera House Block, Main Street.— One of those represen- tative establishments which have grown up, as it were, with the "Granite City," and whose name is a familiar household word, is that of Messrs. Geo. J. Towne & Co., eligibly located in Opera House Block. No other house in town has in so many ways identi- fied itself with the wants and requirements of this community, and the laudable ambition of the proprietors to excel in handling only the purest and best of everything has not escaped the attention of a dis- criminating public, as will be demonstrated further on. As dealers in fruits of all kinds, staple and fancy groceries, crockery and glass- ware, this firm permanently maintains the lead. They established their business here in 1886, and through their distinguished enterprise the choicest fruits and food products of the old and new world are offered to consumers of a quality and at prices which are rarely, if ever, duplicated elsewhere. They occupy three floors, 25 x 60 feet each, and their stock is large, choice and fresh at all times. The choicest Mocha and Java coffees, fresh crop Oolong, Japan, English breakfast, young Hyson and China green teas; foreign and domes- tic dried fruits, nuts, raisins and prunes; Florida, California and Vermont fruits, fresh from the hands of the grower; apples, peaches, pears, oranges, lemons, bananas, olives, olive oil, maccaroni, vermi- celli, French peas, mushrooms, preserved fruits in glass, and domes- tic canned goods of the finest brands, chocolates, cocoas, farinaceous goods, pickles, preserves, capers and sauces, condiments and table delicacies, cigars, tobacco, confectionery, etc., are but features of a stock which to describe in detail would require a volume alone. The establishment is completely stocked with the choicest food products that the earth yields, and the most extensive orders from the most critical ai buyers are promptly filled. A corps of six clerks and salesmen contribute to the operations of the house, and business is brisk and lively at all seasons of the year. The co-partners, Messrs. G. J. and M. L. Towne, are brothers, born in Barre, and accounted among that class of energetic, enterprising young business men in whose hands the continued development of this community rests. 159 160 INDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF BOYCE & BOYCE, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Nota- ries Public, Negotiators of Mortgages, and Real Estate Agents, Office in French Block, Main Street. — The oldest and best known members of the legal fraternity in Barre are Messrs. Boyce & Boyce, whose office is eligibly located in French Block, Main Street. This firm are prominent as attorneys and counsellors at law, notaries public, negotiators of mortgages and real estate agents, while both members of the firm are also agents for fire insurance, representing the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Montpelier, and the New England Fire Insurance Company, of Rutland, Vt. The Vermont Mutual commenced issuing policies on the 31st day of March, 1828, and up to August 1, 1890, had issued 287,104 policies, of which there have expired and been cancelled for various causes, 253,008, leaving in force at the above date 34,096, which insure $42.- 390,487.00. The amount now in force as a fund for the payment of losses is $3,083,074.73. The balance in the treasury is $7,623.72, with office, land and furniture which cost $47,931.91, all paid for. The New England Fire has a management conservative but progressive, and was organized under a special charter of the Vermont Legisla'- ture in 1881. Its contracts are liberal and definite — a certain amount of reliable indemnity for a certain amount of premium. All just claims are equitably adjusted and promptly paid, and no claims for losses are due and unpaid. The responsibility and integrity of its stockholders and officers is beyond all reasonable question, and it is subject to the inspection of the insurance commissioners. The amount of insurance in force is upwards of $3,000,000, with a surplus to policy-holders of $125,540.09. Representing these reliable and sub- stantial corporations, Mr. Boyce is prepared to promptly place the largest risks, quoting the lowest rates of premium, and guaranteeing a speedy and liberal adjustment of all losses. He controls the in- suring of choice lines of village and farm property in Barre and vicinity, and places all transactions on a sound and satisfactory basis. Messrs. Boyce & Boyce have a large legal practice in Wash- ington and Orange counties, and handle real estate of every descrip- tion, negotiating loans on bond and mortgage, and promoting the interests of their patrons with energy, discrimination and decided success. The co-partners, Messrs. W. A. and O. B. Boyce, are Ver- monters by birth and education, of marked legal ability and sterling personal worth. Mr. W. A. Boyce has represented Barre in the State Legislature, and both gentlemen are highly esteemed in social and business circles. K. S. CURRIER & CO., Dry and Fancy Goods, Ladies' and Grents' Furnishings, Etc., Etc., Opera House Block. — Barre has of recent years made rapid and substantial progress in every branch of mercantile activity, and in no sphere upon a scale of such magni- tude as in that of dry and fancy goods. One of the most enterpris- ing and progressive exponents of this branch of trade is the house of Messrs. R. S. Currier & Co., located in Opera House Block. This firm are leaders in dry and fancy goods, ladies' and gents' furnish- ings, etc. The business was originally established in 1885, by Mr. D. E. Blair. In 1886 Mr. R. S. Currier became a partner under the Arm name of Blair & Currier, and on the retirement of Mr. Blair in 1888 the present firm was organized. They occupy two floors, 22 x 60 feet each, in the most desirable section of the village, and the store is one of the attractive features of this fashionable thoroughfare. The stock displayed is one of the largest and finest in this line in town, and contains everything desirable in silks, satins, velvets, and velveteens, Rhadamaux, ottomans, cashmeres, prints, cloaks, suits, shawls, jerseys, jackets, wraps, woolens, worsteds, cottons, linens, ginghams, white goods, blankets, flannels, house'iceeping goods, hosiery, gloves, underwear, corsets, bustles, dress shirts, collars, cuflfs, handkerchiefs, suspenders and gents' furnishings of every description; umbrellas, parasols, gossamers, laces, ribbons, embroideries, notions, fancy goods, and small wares in great variety and profusion. These goods commend their own superior merits to the confidence and patronage of the most critical and discrimina- ting of patrons, and inducements are here offered to buyers as re- gards both reliability of goods and liberality of terms and prices which challenge comparison and defy successful competition. Mr- R. S. Currier is a young man of large practical experience, wide acquaintance and eminent popularity; a graduate of Barre Acad- emy and of Dartmouth College, and has as a partner, his father Mr. Chas. L. Currier, one of the solid, substantial citizens of the town, thus forming a firm of ripe experience, and commanding influence. CH.lRIiES A. SiniTH, Druggist and Stationer.— The leading- source of supply in Barre for books, stationery and holiday goods is the establishment of Mr. Chas. A. Smith, the well-known druggist and stationer, at No. 40 North Main Street. The business was orig- inally established in 1872 by Dr. A. E. Field, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1878. In 1888 he removed to the present site where he occupies two floors, 45 x 20 feet each, and forming one of the best appointed and most attractive stores in town. So popular a resort has this place become that all Barre may, with little exaggera- tion, be said to pass through it in a day. To every stranger it is, from its literary attractiveness, a place not to be overlooked, while all lovers of good reading in the village and vicinity make it their chief rendezvous. To drop into Smith's for a chat, an interchange of good fellowship and & glimpse at the last new book or magazine, is with them a daily duty. It is a popular shopping place for both ladies and gentlemen, old and young, and is the busie.st establish- ment in town during the holidays. A splendid stock of goods is shown in every branch of the business. The pure and superior as- sortment of drugs, medicines and pharmaceutical preparations haa been selected with special reference to strength and freshness, and are received from the most reputable sources. In the line of novel- ties in choice perfumes, toilet soaps and fancy goods, the enterprise- of the proprietor has placed within the reach of patrons and the public the best articles that can be purchased. The house is per- fectly equipped for its specialty of prescriptions, and accuracy and precision are assured in all cases. Pure soda water is offered with a large variety of syrups, also mineral waters by the glass or bottle. A fine assortment of stationery and stationer's notions are displayed, including the best fifteen cent box paper made; also the largest stock of blank books in town, the last " new thing " in English and American literature, while any work published is furnished at lowest price. Special bargains are offered every season, and the patronage is large, first-class and influential in the village and from all parts of" the surrounding country. Mr. Smith is a Vermonter by birth and training, and received a classical education at Barre Academy and the University of Vermont. He is still in the early prime of life, prominent in the formation of the Barre Business Men's Association, president of the Y. M. C. A., a member of the State Pharmaceutical Association, F. and A. M. and the N. E. O. P. ; and a recognized leader in social, religious, educational and business circles. PHEI^PS BROTHERS, General Hardware, Stoves, Ranges, Tinware, Lead, Iron, Soil and Sewer Pipe, Fittings, Etc., Etc.— Commercial enterprises of modern times embrace many features of practical utility, but none which deserve higher consideration than those which relate to the home— its comforts and conveniences. Among such enterprises in Barre may be named that of Messrs. Phelps Brothers, the well-known dealers in general hardware, stoves, ranges, tinware and lead, iron, soil and sewer pipe, fittings, eto., and who give special attention to general plumbing and plumb- ing materials. This firm established themselves in business here in 1885, and have built up a reputation and a trade that place them in the front rank of enterprise, popularity and success. Their business premises comprise altogether, four floors, two of which measure 20 X 60 feet, one 22 x 50 feet, and one 25 x 40 feet. The stock of stoves and ranges is a very large and comprehensive one, embodying all the latest and most improved styles for both heating and cookings and which are received direct from the most famous manufacturers. The stock of hardware includes all the implements, utensils and tools belonging to this line which are required by the farmer, the builder, the mechanic and the housekeeper; also, table and pocket cutlery of the best makes, and numerous specialties which, bear such a character for utility and usefulness as to command gen- eral attention and universal patronage. In plumbing, this house occupies an unquestioned position at the head of the trade in this section, from which it is abundantly able to make good its claim for- accomplishing thoroughly reliable and first-class work, while in roofing, spouting, etc., every facility is at hand for guaranteeing the prompt and perfect fulfillment of all orders. The business is in a thoroughly healthy and flourishing condition, and liberality, effi- ciency and painstaking care characterize the management in all departments. The co-partners, Messrs N. D. and H. A. Phelps, are Vermonters by birth and training. Mr. N. D. Phelps is superintend- ent and collector for the Barre Water Company, and both stand deservedly high in social and business circles. BAR II E , VERMONT, 161 li. M. AVEIlIltlji, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Groceries, Flour, Coi-n, Meal, Feed, Salt, Nails, Lime, Cement, Seeds, Plaster, Glass, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Etc. — The oldest and best known house in this line is that of Mr. L. M. Averill, wholesale and retail dealer in groceries, flour, corn, meal and feed; salt, seeds and nails; lime, cement and plaster; paints, oils, glass, varnishes, etc. This house stands at the head of the list in the flour, feed and grocery line in Barre. Its name is familiar to all, and represents all that is pared to grant his patrons every possible advantage in goods and prices. Mr. Averill is a native of Barre, and one of its most success- ful merchant princes who lias won success by honestly deserving it. substantial, reliable and true, as handling the very best teas, coffees and spices, butter, cheese and eggs, foreign and domestic groceries, table luxuries, and all the good things from every quarter of the globe. Mr. Averill established his business here in a small way in 1870, and continued to steadily lengthen and strengthen his stakes, increase his facilities, extend his premises, enlarge his commercial relations and expand his popularity with all classes of buyers, until he reached the pre-eminence in his business which he now enjoys and of which he has every reason to be proud. In 1887 he built what is known as Averill's Block, a fine brick structure containing three stories and a basement, 50 x 80 feet, half of which he occupies for his own business. Mr. Averill brings large practical experience to bear, coupled with ample resources and an intimate knowledge of every detail of the grocery trade and the requirements of customei-a. He handles no doubtful goods, and therefore cannot offer them for sale. No one recognizes more fully than he the essential importance of absolute purity, quality and freshness in this class of goods, while, aside from the question of reputation, purity is with him a standing principle which cannot be deviated from. His stock of flour is the largest and most valuable in this section of the state, and small deal- ers are supplied in quantities to suit, at short notice. The same can be said in regard to feed, corn and meal, in which he does an enor- mous business. Here will always be found an unusually large and first-class assortment of staple and fancy groceries, including French, English and American delicacies, such as prepared mus- tards, sauces, relishes, salad dressings, potted meats, olives and olive oil. macaroni and vermicelli, chocolates and cocoas, oatmeal, and farinaceous articles, sugars and syrups, molasses and vinegar, canned meats and fruits, and the best brands of teas and coffees, whos J superior qualities are well known and recognized by the trade, and have become familiar in the minds of the people as household words. The goods of this establishment are highly esteemed throughout this and adjoining towns for their quality, purity and moderate prices, and customers have the satisfaction of knowing that nothing inferior or adulterated will be offered them. Mr. Averill possesses unequaled facilities, through his widespread con nections with manufacturers and producers, for conducting all transactions imder the most favorable conditions, and is ever pre- SJUITH, WHIXCOinB & COOK, Manufacturers of The Barre Turbine Water Wheel, Mill Machinei-y, Derricks with Over- draw and Capstans, Granite Polishing Macliines, and Iron Work of all Kinds.— The representative firm of Smith, Whitcomb & Cook are deservedly prominent as manufacturei-s of the celebrated Barre Turbine Water Wheel, and also of the Improved North American Swivel Plows, besides a general line of mill machinery, quarry ma- chinery, stone-polishing machines, hoisting machines, derrick, cap- stans, and iron work of all kinds. This important industry was founded in 1818 by the late Joshua Twing, and it has been under the proprietorship of the present firm for nearly twenty-five years. The works are spacious in size, thoroughly equipped with the best ma- chinery for the purpose, operated by water power, and furnish em- ployment to a large force of skilled and expert hands. The special- ties manufactured by this firm, as above, are considered the most perfect in the market, and stand without a peer. The Barre Tur- bine Water Wheel is the best wheel at whole and part gates, and for power, durability and efficiency it has no equal in this country or Europe. The improved North American Swivel plow, with pat- ent lever clevis, is the most perfect plow yet invented. It is reversi- ble, with a stationary cutter that is always in line with the share; has a center cut and a center draft, and is equally adapted for flat land or hillside. Its entire working principle is controlled by a patent independent siiifting clevis, the principles of which have never before been applied to any plow, making a machine manage- able within itself, and not entirely dependent upon the working qual- ities of the team. Wherever introduced they are general favorites with farmers, and command a heavy and permanent sale through- out the country. A leading specialty in the business of this firm is the manufacture of stone quarrying and polishing machines, which are used altogether in the Barre granite quarries and shops. The derricks made by this company are far superior to any made in this country, combining the best points known to this line of machines, special attention having been given to this department for the past eight years, many improvements being made at the suggestions of Barre's best quarrymen. All sizes and kinds specially adapted to the varying situations and variety of work to be done are made from the small hand machine for one man or horse to the " Jumbo" which raises fifty tons on a single steel cable without the aid of tackle blocks. The latest and one of the best improvements is the overdraw, which raises or lowers the boom while lifting the heaviest loads or while the boom is swinging from place to place without in- terfering or conflicting in the least with the working of any other part of derrick or capstan. The granite polishing machine built by this firm is constructed upon new principles peculiar to this house, and is by far the best and most effective apparatus for polishing stone, yet placed upon the market. It is easily worked, and exe- cutes a greater amount of work in less time and with less labor than any like machine made. Special attention is also given to mill- wright work of all descriptions, and as machinists and iron founders the firm have an extensive list of patterns and command superior facilities for turning out iron work of every description. They manufacture blank gears, spur gears, shafting, hangers and pulleys; and supply Eureka smut and separating machines, French burr mill stones, belting, etc. In addition to their iron works this firm also operate a merchant and custom grist mill, where they grind and retail one hundred cars of corn per year, and supply bolted Graham flour, corn, flour and feed at both wholesale and retail. The mem- bers of this responsible firm, Messrs. James M. Smith, Wm. E. Whit- comb and Benjamin B. Cook, are experienced and accomplished millwrights and manufacturers, whose standing in industrial and trade circles is so well established as to place them far beyond the requirements of any praise which these pages could bestow. Mr. Smith and Mr. Cook have spent a lifetime in the development of the business of this house, and possess a foundation understanding of all the details of the industry and the requirements of the trade. Mr. Whitcomb has been identified with various industrial enterprises previous to becoming a member of this fli-m; has represented the town in the state legislature, served as justice of the peace and filled other offices in the gift of his fellow citizens. 162 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF "WARNER F. COIiBlf, Furniture, Carpets and Under- taking. — A stock of modern furniture is one of the most attractive siglits to be seen along any of our business thoroughfares. There is an originality and variety of design, coupled with richness of mate- rials and excellence of workmanship that entitles each piece to be called a work of art. In Barre the leading house in the manufacture and sale of furniture is that of Mr. Warner F. Colby, who also deals extensively in carpets and is prominent as an undertaker. The busi- ness so successfully conducted by him was originally established in 1886, Messrs. Bissonnette & Carter, who were succeeded in 1888 by Messrs. Colby & Blanchard, and in 1890 Mr. Colby became sole proprietor. The premises comprise three floors, 30 r 80 feet each, which are divided into salesrooms, cabinet making, upholstering and undertaking departments, and every modern facility is at hand for conducting all branches of the business under the most favorable conditions and upon a large scale. The stock of furniture embraces everything that may be desired in fine and medium goods, parlor and chamber suits, dining-room, library, hall, office and kitchen furni- ture; besides iimumerable special articles for both use and adorn- ment in wood, silk, brocades, velours and plushes. A specialty is made of manufacturing furniture both for stock and to order, the most elegant fabrics being used in the upholstering, and all the work being done under the supervision of the proprietor. It is the aim of ' Mr. Colby to produce goods which will rank superior in the trade, not only in quality of material but in the equally important matters of tasteful design and artistic workmanship. The commonest mate- rials when manipulated by this house, assume unique and pleasing shapes, styles in unity with the modern, the renaissance and the antique. Much of the ware is indeed matchless for costly elegance and tasteful composition, while the variety is so great that the tastes and means of all classes of buyers are readily met. The stock of carpets is kept up to the highest standard of excellence, and em- braces all the latest shades and patterns of Wiltons, moquettes. Ax- minsters, tapestries and ingrains, as well as oil cloths, linoleums, rugs, mattings, etc., all of which commend their own merits to the confidence and patronage of critical and discriminating buyers. The splendid reputation enjoyed by this house in the undertaking line has been acquired by a lengthened period of intelligent and con. scientious application, marked by the adoption of every method whereby the importance of the service rendered might be heightened. No similar establishment in towrt is better prepared for furnishing or directing funerals. A complete supply of funeral goods is kept on hand, including coffins, caskets and metallic burial cases, ranging in value from the plainest to the most elaborate. Every necessary article can be here obtained. In embalming, the latest and best processes are employed. Great dispatch is used in answering calls, while it has always been the policy of the house to make its charges as reasonable as is consistent with first-class service. The patron- age in all departments is large and influential, and has been secured by honest, honorable and liberal business methods. Mr. Colby is a native of Barre, and one of its most enterprising merchants and re- liable business men, whose continued success and permanent pros- perity is well assured. C. W. STEELE, D. D. S., Dentist, Granite Block.— One of the leading dentists of Barre is Dr. C. W. Steele, whose handsomely fur- nished office is located in Granite block, on Main Street. This busi- ness was established in 1889 and is constantly increasing. The finely located dental parlors are arranged and equipped upon a scale of perfection and completeness not excelled by any contemporary in town. The operating and extracting rooms are perfectly supplied with every comfort and convenience for the accommoda- tion of patients, and every appliance for satisfactory operations. There is no branch of the dental profession of which Dr. Steele is not perfect master. His wise and discriminating treatment of pa- tients, his care over every little detail that goes to make up the com- fort of a patron serve to commend him to the public. Anassthetics as administered by him are most successful in alleviating pain in the extracting and filling of teeth. Filling decayed teeth with gold, plat- inum, silver or composition is executed in the most skillful manner, while special attention is given to the different branches; of crown setting and bridging. Dr. Steele is a native of Vermont, a Mason, and a gentleman of high repute and eminent popularity, and whatever success he may achieve will be richly deserved. EDAVARD W. BISBEE, General Insurance Agency, over National Bank.— The great aggregate of capital, as represented in business and farm property in this village and vicinity, has neces- sitated the establishing here of branch offices of leading insurance companies throughout the world. These companies place their interests in the control of gentlemen who have secured a well-estab- lished reputation for ability and integrity. The standing enjoyed by Mr. Bisbee in insurance circles is best shown by the following list of companies which he represents, to wit: American Fire Insur- ance Company, New York, 1857, $1,300,84:^.03; Fire Association, Philadelphia, 1817, $4,587,869.67; German-American Insurance Com- pany, New York, 1873, $5,499,496.13: Home Insurance Company, New York, 1853, $8,769,626.93; Mutual Life Insurance Company, New York, 1843, $136,401,338.03; New Hampshire Fire Insurance Com- pany, Manchester, 1869, $1,588,816.66; Niagara Fire Insurance Com- pany, New York, 1850, $3,490,654.02; Northern Assurance Company, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1836, $18,166,336.89; Springfield F. & M. Insur- ance Company, Mass,, 1849, $3,410,983.94; Sun Fire Office, London, England, 1710. Oldest fire company in the world; Union Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Montpelier, 1874. Purely mutual. Repre- senting, as he does, in the aggregate a capital of over $200,000,000, Mr. Bisbee is prepared to promptly place the largest risks on village dwellings, farm property, builders' risks, business blocks, stocks of merchandise, household goods, etc., distributing the same in the most judicious and satisfactory manner, quoting the lowest rates of premium, and promptly settling and paying all losses at his office. He controls the insuring of a large line of business and residential property in the village and vicinity, and his knowledge and judg- ment as an underwriter and adjuster, is such as to make his agency a popular resort for property owners who desire perfect indemnity at the lowest cost. Mr. Bisbee is a native of Vermont, and prominent, both as an insurance agent and as an attorney at law. He began the practice of law here in 1879, and the succeeding year established his insurance agency. In 1886, it was largely through his energy that the Barre Water Company was incorporated, and Barre sup- plied with one of the best water systems in the state. For the past four years he has served as states attorney for Washington County, with credit and acceptability, and is prominently identified with the local affairs in village, town and county; being eminently popu- lar with all classes of the community as a gentleman of sound judgment, legal acumen and sterling integrity. PITKIN & SKINNEU, Swift's Chicago Dressed Beef, Na- tive Beef, Mutton, Pork and Veal. — Next to bread, beef and pork are the most important articles of food among civilized nations, and the enormous demand for these supplies gives rise to the establish- ment of extensive houses in every important trade center, and in this particular Barre is well represented by a number of houses, the oldest and best known being that of Messrs. Pitkin & Skinner, lo- cated in French Block. This firm are dealers in Swift's Chicago dressed beef, mutton, pork and veal ; fruit and vegetables, extra soused tripe, breakfast bacon, and pure native rendered lard. The business was established here in 1871, by the late Nathaniel Wilson, the present firm taking possession as successors to Mr. A. C. Blanch- ard in 1888. Their market is spacious in size, noted for its cleanli- ness and good order, and is fitted up with refrigerators for keeping the stock fresh and sweet. The stock consists of all kinds of meats, fruits and vegetables, including fresh, smoked and corned beef; fresh and salt pork, hams and bacon, lard, etc., all of which are delivered free of charge in any part of the village and at prices which are safe from successful competition. All the details of the business are conducted under the personal supervision of the pro- prietors assisted by a corps of five experienced hands, who are pre- pared to treat customers with the utmost liberality and furnish them with as good a quality of the above named goods as can be had in any market. We commend the house to our readers as one whose reputation has been secured by a uniform system of fair and honor- able dealing, as well as by the excellent quality and thorough relia- bility of the products handled. The co-partners, Messrs. H. E. Pit- kin and H. A. Skinner, are native Vermonters, thoroughly experi- enced in all the requirements of the public in this direction of trade, enterprising and progressive in all their methods, reliable and re- sponsible in all their dealings, and eminently popular with their host of friends and patrons. BARRE, VERMONT, 163 J. B. CHAIWIBERIilN, Choice Fancy Groceries, Teas, Cof- fees, Spices, Confectionery and Cigars, Slieplee & Jones' Block, No. Ill Main Street.— One of the finest provision establishments in Barre is Mr. J. B. Chamberliu's. It is central and prominent in location and elegantly fitted up. This concern is a veritable emporium of the choicest food products as secured from every quarter of the globe. In the selection of goods, quality has ever been the first considera. tion, and this store has become renowned as headquarters for the best and purest staple and fancy groceries, provisions, and food products generally. This business was established in 1878 by Mr. Chamberlin, who, being experienced and practical, able and honor- able has developed a large and growing patronage, the result of which is this emporium occupying without exception the most desir- able location in town. The stock is notable for extent, care in se- lection, celebrity of brands, and remarkably low scale of prices. In fact nowhere in town can it be duplicated, at prices quoted. This is because Mr. Chamberlin contracts when wholesale prices are favor- able, and because of his enormous and rapidly growing trade, which enables him to divide the usual profits as made in other stores, of lim- ited trade, with his own customers. His stock has long been noted for choicest coffees, fresh crop teas, purest sugars and syrups, best grades of farinaceous goods; full strength and pure spices and ex- tracts, a complete assortment of canned and preserved goods, fruits, vegetables, meats and fish, bearing the brands of old responsible packers and always guaranteed full weight, and just as represented, the best possible to be put up. A large stock of crockery and glass- ware, tobacco and cigars are kept constantly on hand. This is the model grocery house and in its features and general management is the leading exponent in its line. Mr. Chamberlin is a native of Vermont, and his career as a business man in this city has been characterized by unswerving integrity, and his efforts have been crowned with an eminent and well-merited success. H, Z. MILiIiS, Dry Goods, Main Street.— One of the leading and best dry goods establishments in this city is that of which Mr. Henry Z. Mills is proprietor. This business was established by Mr. Mills in 1865, but he has only occupied the present location for the past five years. The premises occupied comprise three floors, 38 x 60 feet In dimensions. They are well lighted, neatly and tastefully arranged, and thoroughly stocked with a complete line of the mul- titudinous list of articles essential to a well-regulated dry goods house. The stock consists in part of cloths, cassimeres, silks, sat- ins, velvets, foreign and domestic dress goods, ginghams, flannels, worsteds, prints, percales, muslins, linens, etc. Also ladies' and gents' furnishing goods, such as underwear, neckwear of the new- est, nobbiest styles, hosiery, gloves, shirts, collars, cuffs, etc.; also buttons, trimmings, and notions generally. He also keeps a fine stock of men's, boys' and youths' clothing, hats, caps, boots, shoes, etc. He has a department containing a full stock of groceries and a large assortment of crockery and glass, etc. Mr. Mills keeps five clerks who are always prepared to give prompt, polite, and careful attention to the wants of customers. He makes it a special point to charge no fancy prices for goods, but to mark everything as low as can be done consistently with a living business; hence it is that in the busy season his handsome store is thronged with customers daily from morning until the close of the day's business. Mr. Mills' ■establishment is conducted in a manner as highly creditable to his executive ability as to his taste in the selection of goods. KENDRICK & KIMBALiIi, Proprietors of The People's Drug Store, No. 127 Main Street. — Gentlemen who possess in an emi- nent degree all those characteristics and high attainments that go to make up a thoroughly skilled pharmacist and an ornament to the profession are Messrs. Kendrick and Kimball. In 1890 this establish- ment was inaugurated and during the short period of its existence, has gained a popularity enjoyed by but few similar houses in town. The store is spacious and commodious, handsome in all its appoint- ments and replete with all the equipments-pertaining to a first-class pharmacy. Recognizing the responsibility attending the dispensing of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, special provision has •been made for this department, in which they are prepared promptly at all hours of the day or night, to compound prescriptions in the most accurate manner. A very large stock is carried of pure, fresh ■drugs, medicines and Jchemicals, and pharmaceutical preparations, also all proprietary remedies, of well-known merit and reputation ; toilet and fancy articles, perfumery, druggists' sundries, and in fact everything usually found in a flrst-class pharmacy. Polite service is always accorded to patrons, and prices are just and reasonable. This elegant, reliable, well-managed establishment is most eligibly located opposite the railroad station at No. 127 Main Street. Messrs. H. P. Kendrick and W. M. Kimball, the proprietors, during their brief career in this place as business men, have won for themselves enviable reputations and are recognized as careful, exact, and trust- worthy pharmacists. J. a. NICHOLS & SON, Clocks, Watches, Jewehy, Silver and Plated Ware, etc., Nichols' Block, opposite Depot, Main Street.— A prominent and deservedly popular house engaged in the jewelry industry in Barre is that of J. G. Nichols & Son, located in Nichols' Block, opposite the depot. The business was originally established , in 1882, under the present firm name, and in 1885 the handsome build- ing known as Nichols' Block was erected by the senior partner and the firm removed to the present store. Mr. J. G. Nichols, who had, previous to the formation of this firm, been engaged in the jewelry business for many years, died in 1890 and the business is now con- ducted by the son, Mr. F. W. Nichols, without change in the firm name. The store is one of the handsomest and most attractive on the street, and is perfect in convenience of arrangement for display, inspection and sale. A very fine stock is carried in every line, and special effort has been made to preserve uniform excellence in both quality and make. This is rendered fully possible by the splendid connections of the house with manufacturers and importers of the best repute, and the activity of the proprietor in exacting tribute from every source that promises increased usefulness and popular- ity. In watches, clocks, jewelry, charms, solid silver and plated ware, gold and silver ornaments and novelties of every description, the assortments are equal to any in this section of the state. The goods have been selected with care and judgment, exhibiting a wide range in value, and are calculated to meet the wants of the greatest possible number of buyers. Fine watch repairing is made a specialty and the house is well prepared to give the best of satisfaction in all its operations, while being consistent in its determination to furnish first-class goods and thoroughly reliable service on the most advan- tageous terms that can be afforded. Ample capital is employed in in the enterprise, and it is a growing factor in the mercantile devel- opment of the town. A stationery and art department is also con- nected with this establishment, under the management of Miss M. F. Nichols, where is displayed an elegant and elaborate stock of fine stationery, art materials and holiday goods, which are offered at fair and equitable prices and are liberally patronized. Mr. Nichols is a native of Barre, trained to the jewelers' art from his early youth and a young man of large practical experience, wide acquaintance and eminent popularity. BARRE WOOB-\rORKING COMPANY, Pine Lumber and all Kind of Sheathing, Moulding, Etc., M. F. Burnham, Business Manager.— There is probably no city in this section of the state pre- senting greater advantages and facilities to the dealer in lumber than Barre. In a growing place like this, men who are practically conversant with their business and its details, and withal, energetic and industrious, are important acquisitions to its progress. Such men in an eminent degree are Messrs. H. A. and M. F. Burnham, possessing as they do, a thorough understanding of the various de- partments of the business in a mechanical and business point of view. This enterprise was founded in 1885, by Lane & Moore, to whom the present firm succeeded in 1889. It ranks to-day as one of the most important of its kind in this section. The mill, yard and sheds occupy a large area of land, the mill being 36 x 60 feet, with an additional " L," 16 x 70 feet. The mill is finely equipped with all the necessary machinery, driven by a steam-engine of forty horse-power. A mammoth stock of lumber in the rough and dressed, and building material generally is carried on hand, and orders to any required amount are rapidly and carefully filled. The specialties of the firm are pine lumber and all kinds of sheathing, moulding, etc. All kinds of wood-work is done to order and general job work is a chief feature of the business. The firm cater to the better class of custom in this section, and employ a large force of hands. Mr. H. A. Burn- ham is a native of Scotland; M. F. was born in New York. They are energetic and representative men, and their enterprise is certainly a valuable addition to the industries of Barre. 164 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF CHARIiKS YOUNG & CO., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Rough and Finished Barre Granite.— The public does not require a very long time to ascertain if the designs and intentions of a busi- ness house are legitimate. Even age will not convince purchasers to the contrary, if the evident ends of a house are in the wrong direc- tion. An example is to be seen in the firm of Messrs. Chas. Young & Co., South Main Street, at the bridge; a concern in which Barre has already become convinced as to its honorable policy, although the present company did not go into active operations until 1890. The business was first established however in 1883, by Messrs. Gamble & Young. The functions of Messrs. Young & Co. are those of manu- facturers of and dealers in rough and finished Barre granite, a line which covers monuments, tablets, fencing, drapery and carved work, drapery and carving being their specialty. The firm's works cover a space 20 x 60 feet, where twenty-six men are kept employed in completing jobs to fill orders. It is a pleasurable duty to give this firm space in tliis historical review, for the reason that the gentle- men composing it are young men, full of ambition and energy and endeavoring to build up a fine, prosperous business. The indications are that they will succeed, because they have begun at the end of the road where lies honor and business integrity. There are three members of the house, all having been born in Scotland and all being members of the O. S. C. Mr. Chas. Young has manifested an apt- ness for business and reliability which will no doubt prove his suc- cess in life. The senior partner is Mr. A. J. Young, a gentleman of upright commercial principles, while the junior member is Mr. James Grant, whose connection here cannot fail to add importance to the standing of this estimable house. PKRIiEY CHANDIiER, Watchmaker and Jeweler.— The display made in our leading establishments devoted to the sale of jewelry and kindred goods is thoroughly magnificent. The leader in this line in Barre is Mr. Perley Chandler, who occupies spacious and well-equipped quarters in Jackman Block. This gentleman is a watchmaker and jeweler of large, practical experience and estab- lished reputation, and is a recognized authority in all the intricacies of the business. He deals largely in watches, clocks, jewelry and plated ware, spectacles and eye glasses, fancy goods, stationery, etc., and gives skillful attention to repairing watches, clocks and jewelry. He has been engaged in the jewelry business here since 1868, and has occupied his present store since 1885. The premises are elegantly fitted up with handsome wall cabinets, heavy plate show-cases, and large safes, and are perfect in convenience of arrangement for dis- play, inspection and sale. Here will be found certain classes of ar- ticles noted for novelty, beauty and merit, for decoration and per- sonal adornment, to be obtained nowhere else in town. In watches Mr. Chandler takes the lead in the finest movements, including every variety of plain and fancy gold eases, also sterling silver watches. In jewelry the stock compares favorably with any in the state, and is notable for the richness and originality of styles, for elaborate workmanship and for low prices. Here are sets, half sets and single pieces in bewildering variety, rings, chains and charms, from which the most fastidious can be suited. Mr. Chandler numbers among his patrons the leading citizens of this and adjoining towns, and is ever the first with new styles and latest novelties, while giving full value for money received in all cases. Mr. Chandler is a native of Ver- mont, and a gentleman of broad culture, wide observation and sterling probity, while his house is thoroughly representative of the best methods and finest work of the American jewelry trade. FULTON mARKKT, Beef, Pork, Lard, Hams. Sausage, Etc., H. Skeels, Manager. — The well-known meat emporium conducted under the above name was established February 1st, 1889, and at once sprang into a leading place in the public regard. The market is 20 x 30 feet in dimensions, and is finely equipped and ar- ranged throughout for the proper storage and display of the stock of fresh meats carried, which always includes the freshest and choicest killings of beef, pork, etc., while in smoked and cured meats, such as hams, bacon, etc., the stock is also of the best product. This es- tablishment does a large retail business in meats, and a growing wholesale trade in lard, which is manufactured and put up espe- cially for their trade. The lard house, separate from the market, is 16 X 34 feet in dimensions. The entire business is under the personal management of Mr. H. Skeels, who is a native of New York, and jnuch respected in this community for business and personal worth. FRANK MclVHORTFR & CO., Clothing, Gents' Fur- nishing Goods, Granite Block.— This house has been in successful op- eration since 1884, and took possession of its present premises in 1888. The store is one of the handsomest and most attractive in town, measuring 20 x 68 feet, with a basement of the same size, and is stocked to repletion at all times with new, choice and stylish goods. This firm pay special attention to the cut and style of their ready- made clothing. These bear no relation to values. They want to see their cheaper grades of clothing set as well upon the form and have as correct a style as tlieir high-priced goods. They take a personal pride in this matter, and they are not ashamed to put their name upon their clothing and have everybody know where it was pur- chased. They have learned that a good name, a name that stands for honorable dealings, square business methods and just prices, is something that counts side by side with the capital that backs a business. Indeed, it is a part of the capital, and a part that is the most valuable. When it comes to materials, they have a variety of patterns and qualities that will satisfy the most exacting and fastid- ious. They find that it pays to have a large trade with small profits rather than a small trade with large profits. This enables them to keep their stock always fresh, and they are not obliged to work off old patterns and last year's styles among their new goods. In point of size, elegance, extent of stock and amount of sales their hat and cap department stands unequaled in town. Every season it looms up with a larger trade, and the firm are in a better position this sea- son than ever before to please their many patrons. They handle all the celebrated makes of Derby, soft and silk hats, and their prices are always the lowest. Their line of gents' furnishings includes shirts, collars and cuffs, hosiery, gloves, underwear, scarfs, cravats, ties, suspenders, studs and buttons; ornaments, trinkets and dressing conveniences of every kind are included in this department, and this firm make it their special business to be in advance of all others in displaying the newest styles and freshest novelties. The members of this enterprising firm are Messrs. Frank McWhorter and Azro D. Morse. Mr. McWhorter is a native of New York, and an experienced clothing merchant. Mr. Morse is a well-known granite dealer here, and represented Barre in the state legislature of 1886. These gen- tlemen are ably assisted in the management of the business bj' Mr. Vic. Curtis, an accomplished salesman, with whom it is always a pleasure to deal. MRS. W. F. SHEPARD & CO., Millinery.- There is no peo- ple on the face of the earth whose tastes are more refined, artistic and commendable than the Americans, and particularly the case in the matter of dress; a department in which American ladies are most prominent, and especially in the styles of millinery that they wear. Barre has become noted as a place in which some of the most commendable fashions originated, and many of these may be traced to the neat and attractive millinery store of Mrs. W. F. Shep- ard, in Main Street. This lady has proven herself a most excellent business woman, and withal, a person whose tastes and ideas of style are such as to attract the ladies from the best families of town. Mrs. Shepard established her business in 1888, and has a room 30 x 80 feet in space, where she employs three skilled hands. She attends particularly to custom work, and has gained the reputation for being a most reliable business woman. Mrs. Shepard keeps a large stock of millinery constantly on sale, and is ambitious in being the first to introduce the very latest Paris, London and New York styles. Mrs. Shepard is a native of Vermont, and possesses all of the true com- mercial aptnesB of the New Englander. GEOROF CASSIE, Manufacturer of and Wholesale Dealer in Barre Granite Monuments.— Mr. George Cassie is manufacturer of and wholesale dealer in Barre granite monuments from the best light and dark stock. The business was first established under the firm title of Messrs. Cassie & Frasier, in 1887, but upon the retirement of the latter gentleman in 1888, Mr. Cassie became the sole proprie- tor. He conducts a wholesale trade and is building up an extensive and lucrative custom. He has a factory covering 26 x 200 feet, and employs forty men in the conduct of his affairs. It is paying a com- pliment to Mr. Cassie to say that he is a native of Scotland, because she has supplied America with some of her brightest business men. He has supplied the market with some of the best granite that the beds of Barre afford. Besides, he is popular and influential in the community. BARRE, VERMONT. 165 PEItRY & CAMP, Dry and Fancy Goods, Boots, S.ioes, Et«. —This house has been in successful operation since 1868, and has a fronta;,'e of fifty and a depth of one hundred feet. It is supplied with every modern appliance that the advanced requirements of the times demand, while all the details of the business are conducted with a system and order tliat renders business relations with the firm of the most satisfactory character. The senior partner visits the lead- ing markets of the country every season, and secures the latest origi- nal styles and novelties in textures, patterns and shades. Here, for instance, is the silk department, where is displayed every color and shade at present fasl I ionable, including some of the most beautiful silks ever offered at prices astonishingly low; while the same remark applies to their matins and velvets. The ladies have here found the largest variety iu dress goods of all descriptions from which to make selections, embracing as it does all desirable fabrics and nu- merous novelties, unquestionably the finest line of robes and pat- terns ever exhibited in Barre. The suit and cloak department is also c, great attraction to lady customers, all the suits here shown being made up after the latest Paris fashions, and in elegance of style and excellence of workmanship are really peerless. Every- thing in white goods, domestics, ladies' and gents' furnishings, no- tions, fancy goods and small wares are here found, of the best quali- ties and at the lowest prices. The amplitude of the stock in the boot and shoe department, embracing nearly every make of goods known to the trade, ranks the house as the leader in this line. Boots, shoes, rubbers and slippers for men, women, misses, youths, boys, and children, and in all the various styles, grades and sizes, are here displayed, while many of the styles are peculiar to this house, and, being manufactured expressly for the firm, cannot be obtained else- where. The carpet department is brilliant with bright colors and new shades in Wiltons, moquettes, Axminsters, Brussels, tapestries, ingrains and other carpetings ; also oil cloths, linoleums, mattings, etc. The firm also deal largely in crockery, china, glassware, lamps and lamp goods, and full lines are carried of the best French, Ger- man, English and American china and crockery, and the rarest assortments of Bohemian, Belgian and Austrian glassware. The grocery department has long been liberally patronized, and here is kept the finest teas, the purest coffees, the best brands of family flour, first-class spices, sugars, syrups and molasses; canned goods in great variety, and all kinds of staple groceries, fresh and first cla.ss in quality, and at rock-bottom prices. The co-partners, Messrs. James M. Perry and Philo G. Camp, are natives of "Vermont, and long prominent in the business circles of Barre. Mr. Perry is the present representative from Barre in the state legislature, and a director of the National Bank of Barre; and both are identified with the interests of the town in the broadest sense. C. H. KENERSON & CO., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Monuments, Head-stones, and Cemetery Work of Every Description, Office, Granite Street. — Few industries have attained greater per- fection or higher repute in Barre than the production of granite for monuments and memorial purposes, so ably represented by the house of C. H. Kenerson&Co. This firm are deservedly prominent and popular as manufacturers of and dealers in monuments, head- stones and cemetery work of every description, making a specialty of the celebrated light and dark Barre granite. The business was founded in August, 1887, and the firm is composed of Messrs. C. H. Kenerson and F. A. Howe. The firm do work principally for the trade, and employ on a steady average fifteen expert workmen at their works, which are situated on Granite Street. These works are finely and completely equipped as a matter of course and in keeping with the heavy transactions of the house; all the departments so essential to a business of this kind are to be noted, and in the polishing department in particular, are four of the latest im- proved polishing machines, operated by an engine of sixteen horse- power. Five hands are employed in this department. The work turned out at this establishment always speaks for itself and com- mands the attention and admiration of the general public. Esti- mates are furnished on application, and terms are placed at figures which precludes successful competition. Both members of the firm are natives of the state They are enterprising and successful business men and are two of Barre's progressive and public-spirited citizens. Mr. Kenerson belongs to the Royal Arcanum, while Mr. Howe belongs to the Ord°r of the World. FRED A. SliAYTOIV, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, South Main Street.— Mr. Fred A. Slayton is the proprietor of an extensive livery, feed and sale stable, on South Main Street. The business has been established for over four years, and the present location has been occupied since 1888. The stable comprises a spacious two- story building, 30 x 60 feet in. dimensions, and is very complete in its appointments, and well lighted, ventilated and drained. The livery department is admirably managed, the house having fully a dozen of splendid stylish horses and carriages, and can send out as fine appearing equipages as are to be seen in the city. Particular atten- tion is paid to order by telephone, reliable teams ere furnished for all occasions at short notice, and a corps of gentlemen's drivers is a special feature at this establishment. In the boarding department every care is paid to hoi-ses left in charge by competent and atten- tive hostlers, and in the sales department orders and special com- missions are filled for driving, saddle and work horses, and the best satisfaction given. Horses are bought, sold and exchanged, and in all transactions BIr. Slayton will be found fair and strictly honorable. Taking everything into consideration, this is one of the best con- ducted and most reliable stables in Barre and vicinitj-, and its prices are most reasonable. It commands a large transient and local trade. ^Ir. Slayton is a native of this state and an Odd Fellow in high standing. JAITIES AHERN, Maker and Dealer in Stone Cutters' and Quarry Tools, Granite Street.— Mr. James Ahern established himself in business in 1886, his line covering the making of and dealing in stone cutters' and quarry tools, his shop, which covei"s 25 x 50 feet of space, being located in Granite Street, in the rear of Stafford's polishing mill. Mr. Ahern is justly entitled to the success which he has attained, for the reason that he has worked hard for it. He carries an ample stock of goods, which are manufactured from the best American and English steel and his reputation has become established for in- tegrity in all of his transactions and the wares that he handles. He carries a full stock of face, pean. striking, pavers' and blacksmith sledge hammers and tongs, which he disposes of at reasonable prices, as may be observed by reference to his price list. He also attends to orders by mail. Mr. Ahern's trade is local, yet he is regarded as the leading merchant in his especial line, a fact which may readily he understood, when it is known that he keeps five men constantly employed. Mr. Ahern is a native of Rhode Island. Since his residence in Barre, he has taken a deep interest in local aCairs, and is noted as a worthy citizen. mRS. J. m, BOND, Millinery, Fancy Goods and Embroider- ies, Worthen Block.— Mi-s. Bond has been engaged in business in this village for the past four years, and now has the finest store of its kind in town. It is spacious in size, handsomely appointed and perfect in convenience of arrangement for display, inspection and sale. The large show windows are dressed as none othei"s are, and regale the eye of the shopper with a complete panoramic display in the world of millinery, fancy goods and embroideries. The stock in all departments is choice and well-selected, embracing fine French millinery goods, such as trimmed and untrimmed hats and bonnets, feathers, flowers, laces and trimmings in all the latest and most pop- ular styles. From the elegant variety of plushes and velvets a lady may select whatever she most desires for her new opera or street bonnet. She can have the material cut off, select her trimmings and depart with the positive knowledge that at the time Sf)ecifled, be it two hours or two days hence, the bonnet will be delivered to her per- fect satisfaction. Frames for bonnets and hats, as well as the felt, straw, velvet and silk hats and bonnets all ready for use. seem to be here in sufficient numbers to " hat and bonnet " all central Vermont. Certain it is that the ladies of Barre and vicinity have no occasion to send to the city to secure the latest styles or good bargains, as Mrs. Bond is in constant receipt of the latest changes in fashions, and her prices are eminently low and attractive. Stamping is executed in new designs, and all the most desirable novelties in fancy goods and embroideries are to be found in this popular emporium. The sales- ladies and assistants are noted for their courtesy and obliging man- ners, laying before customers a full variety of shades, patterns and styles from which to choose, so that, when the excellence of the stock is considered, it fs not surprising that rapid sales are made and general satisfaction given to buyers. Mrs. Bond enjoys the confi- dence and regard of all who have business relations with her. 166 INDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF HENDERSON «k STEPHENS, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Light and Dark Barre Granite Monuments.— We desire to make special reference in this commercial review of Barre to the successful and representative firm of Messrs. Henderson & Stephens, manufacturers of and dealers in light and dark Barre granite monu- ments. This business was only established in 1889, but in the time elapsed a flourishing and prosperous trade of large proportions has reverted to it. The works are 26 x 100 feet and finely equipped in the way of all necessary facilities, about eighteen workmen being employed all the year around on a steady average. Messrs. Hender- son & Stephens manufacture and deal in granite monuments, tablets etc., and do general cemetery work of all kinds, their chief specialty being drapery and carved work. They have produced many origi- nal and beautiful designs in monumental work and do considerable work for the trade all through this region. Orders for any work in their line are solicited, and a prompt and satisfactory fulfillment of the same is guaranteed; estimates are also furnished on application. The individual members of this enterprising firm are Messrs. L. B. Henderson and A. J. Stephens. Both gentlemen are well known to and highly esteemed by an extensive circle of business and social acquaintance. G. I. JACKSON, Fine Groceries, West India Goods, Etc., Choice Brands of Cigars and Tobacco. — A well-known establishment of this line in Barre, which is rapidly acquiring an excellent reputa- tion for handling only the best goods, and liberal dealings, is that of Mr. G. I. Jackson. This business was established by L. J. Bolster, in 1879, who was succeeded by S. D. Allen, who was in turn succeeded by the present proprietor in 1890. The store is roomy and commo- dious, neatly appointed, and contains a full and complete assortment of choice staple and fancy groceries suitable to the general wants of the community. It embraces absolutely pure and fresh new crop, young Hyson, Oolong and Souchong, gunpowder, imperial and Eng- lish breakfast teas; fragrant Mocha, Java, and South American coffees and spices; best brands of hermetically sealed goods in tin and glass; sauces, condiments, and foreign and domestic fruits; choice family flour; select dairy and fancy creamery butter, cheese and fresh laid eggs; choice brands of cigars and tobacco are kept constantly on hand. Mr. Jackson is a buyer and shipper of all kinds of country produce, and his patrons can have the complete satisfac- tion of knowing that nothing inferior or adulterated will be sold them. Lowest prices prevail, polite attendance is accorded, while orders are taken and delivered at residences free of charge. Mr. Jackson is a native of Vermont, and has been a merchant in Barre for over twenty years, and is largely interested in real estate in this town and in the south. J. R. GEORGE, Country Produce, No. .30 Elm Street.— Mr. J. R. George may be set down as one of the oldest and most re- liable merchants of this place, his business having been established as far back as 1873, while he has been located in his present store since 1875. Mr. George has extended his premises, until they occupy an entire floor, 25 x 75 feet. He deals in all kinds of country produce, making a specialty of flrst-class butter, maple sugar and syrup; and every consumer knows how essential it is that these products should be of the best or not at all. Mr. George's reputation to fulfill his promises to the letter, have made him popular and reliable. He is active and influential in public affairs also, being a trustee of the M. E. Seminary of Montpelier and a member of the executive com- mittee. Mr. George was born in Vermont, and has proven himself to be a citizen worthy of public confidence. E. A. GOUliD, Meats and Vegetables.— Mr. E. A. Gould is a popular and well-known dealer in meats and vegetables at his attract- ive market in North Main Street. This business has been established since 1887 and has developed a most satisfactory local trade. His market is 24 x 50 feet in extent, and here he keeps the best of sup- plies, comprising all kinds of meats. His customers come from the town's best families, and so large is his business that he employs three hands to attend to his work. Mr. Gould is a thorough and practically experienced man in his line of business, understanding all of the requirements of his trade. He is acquainted too, with the tastes of his patrons and does all in his power to show them those accommodations which make a tradesman popular. Mr. Gould is consei-vative and honorable in business transactions. He is a native of Vermont. A. F. CliARK, Photographer, Granite Block.— Mr. A. F. Clark has been established in business here since April, 1889, and the excellence of his work, and his fidelity to every detail, serve to place him in the front rank of the profession in this section. His rooms are spacious and thoroughly attractive, the light, accessories, and all the appliances necessary for flrst-class work are perfect, and the attention and admiration of the cultured classes of the commu- nity have been attracted to some purpose, as they now constitute the principal patrons of the establishment. Photography in all its branches is here executed, and the best and finest class of work is promptly produced. Pictures of every description are taken by the instantaneous process, from a carte de visite to an imperial cabinet, and life size portraits are furnished in crayon, oil, pastel and India ink, while his water color miniatures are the finest that can be exe- cuted. Photographs are here taken, by the use of gelatine plates, in less than a second, thus securing an ease of pose and natural expres- sion that was unattainable a few years ago. While the work sup- plied by Mr. Clark is of the highest order of merit, his prices are so reasonable as to satisfy the inclination and desires of all parties. Mr. Clark is a Vermonter by birth, trained in the art of photography from his early youth, and early exhibiting a true concepton of the artists' mission, and is careful, skillful and painstaking in catering to the wishes of his patrons. C. H. HUNTON & CO.— The house of Messrs. C. H. Hunton & Co., manufacturers of artistic memorial work in granite, monu- ments, statuary, figures, urns and polished work for the trade only, was opened here in May, 1890, and quickly won an enviable reputa- tion for the beauty and originality of all designs and the exquisite workmanship emanating from its establishment. Fine work is a specialty. At their spacious works can be seen some of the finest specimens in this line which it has been our good fortune to notice, including monuments, head-stones, tablets, vases, urns, drapery and other carved work. The firm utilize only the finest of Barre granite, affording the trade the widest range from which to select among light, medium and dark grades, while both as to terms, artistic style and elaborate workmanship no concern offers more substantial in- ducements. These qualifications are amply possessed by this firm. Enlargement and added facilities are contemplated the coming year, and an energetic application of their resources to excel in their line and to keep pace with the growing demands and refinements of the times, year in and year out, will be their earnest endeavor. Mr. Hunton, the active member of the firm, is a native of Maine and noted in the trade as an artist, designer and workman, who can em- body and produce his own conceptions by his own skilled handicraft. FRED KING, Watches, Clocks and Jewelry.— For nigh on to eight years the name appearing at the head of this article has been a familiar and honored one to the people of Barre and vicinity, and Mr. King, in his capacity of leading jeweler and watchmaker, has certainly every reason to feel proud of the pleasing result that has attended his business career. His premises comprise a spacious storeroom, 22 x 25 feet in size, completely adapted to the needs of this business. There is here displayed a valuable, rich and elegant assortment of jewelry of every description, American and imported gold and silver watches, clocks, bronzes, and a general line of fancy goods, usually included in a stock of this kind. Special attention is given to fine watch repairing, as well as general repairing, Mr. King superintending this department himself. This gentleman was born in New York, and in social and business circles of this city he is re- garded as one of Barre's leading and solid citizens. EMERY E. AREY, Fresh, Pickled and Dry Fish.— The pop- ular store of Mr. Emei-y E. Arey in the French Block is well patron- ized by the best families in Barre, and at all times he keeps a full and varied stock of fresh, pickled and dry fish, dealing also in oysters and clams in their season, and making a specialty of smoked fish. Mr. Arey is the proprietor of the only fish market here, and does a large and thriving local trade. The business was origin- ally established in 1885, by Mr. Joseph Mudgett, Mr. Arey tak- ing possession in 1890. A native of Maine, Mr. Arey has all of the natural commercial brilliancy and instinct that characterize the New England people. Again, he has built up a reputation for honorable dealing, and preserves his name for the carrying out of his business obligations in accordance with his promises, and he aims to carry the best of stock and to please his customers. BARRE, VERMONT, 167 E. A. WILKINSON, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Barre Granite Monuments and General Cemetery Work.— Tlie material de- velopment of Barre's manufacturing and business resources within the past decade or so has never had its counterpart elsewhere, and has included in its wide field of activity the production of granite memorial work as one of the most important branches of industry. The business is divided into departments, each house engaged therein having its particular specialties. In this connection we wish to refer to the house of Mr. E. A. Wilkinson, at No. 57 South Main Street, which were established in 1883 and is therefore one of the pioneers in this line of enterprise. These works are eligibly located, cover 26 X 40 feet of ground, employ fourteen skilled workmen, and as re- gards facilities for prosecuting the work systematically and with dis- patch, are among the finest and best equipped in this section. The business may be said to divide itself into two departments. Mr. Wilkinson is a wholesale dealer in Barre granite and carries in hand a large stock, so that all orders received from the trade can be filled promptly, and for any required amount. In the manufacturing de- partment the preference runs to cemetery work of all kinds, though monumental and memorial work for any particular purpose is done. Some of the work turned out in this respect at tliis establishment bears the impress of the highest class of workmanship in execution, and a decidedly original talent in design. The trade of the estab- lishment is wide-spread and is constantly increasing. Mr. Wilkinson is a native of this country and is considered one of Barre's leading and influential citizens and enterprising men. He is a member of high standing in Masonic circles. MRS. F. W. JACKSO>, Milliner and Dress Maker.— One of the oldest and most reliable business establishments in this part of the state may be seen in the millinery and dress making business that is carried on by Mrs. F. W. Jackson, of Main Street. P'or, although the place has been under Mrs. Jackson's charge and pro- prietorship for only two years, the business itself is very old, Mrs. Jackson having succeeded to this established trade in 1888. She is an accomplished milliner and dress-maker, with refined, artistic tastes and is always one of the first to introduce the prevailing Lon- don, Paris and New York fashions. Her store and shop, which is kept well stocked with hats, bonnets, millinery goods, covers a space of 15 X 40 feet, and is made so attractive that Mrs. Jackson is assured of the patronage of the leading ladies of Barre. In this day, when women are so rapidly coming to the front as business expo- nents, this place may be glad to welcome a lady of Mrs. Jackson's ability and commercial veracity. €. W. POTTEK, Baker, Central Place.— One of the best con- ducted and most popular establishments in its line in this part of the city is the extensive bakery and confectionery store of this firm. The spacious premises, comprising a general floor, 25 x 75 feet in di- mensions, are systematic and convenient in arrangement and the general appointment is both neat and attractive. In it is displayed at all times a fresh and choice stock of bakestuflfs of every descrip- tion, the house's own production, and consisting in the main of bread, crackers and cakes. The bake house of the firm is also finely equipped, and is always kept clean and neat as a pin in its arrange- ment. The products of this firm are noted for their purity, fresh- ness and general excellence, the finest and best brands of flour being used in manufacturing. This house was only established in 1889, but it is already classed among the leading enterprises of the city. The proprietor, C. W. Potter, is a native of Vermont, and is highly esteemed in all circles of Barre. CliARIHEW & GRAY, Manufacturers of and Dealers in all Kinds of Light and Dark Barre Granite Monuments, Etc.— Messrs. Alex. Clarihew and George Gray, of No. 17 Brooklyn Street, are manufacturers of and dealers in all kinds of light and dark Barre granite monuments and building work. They also produce statuary, carved work and drapery, making these a specialty. Messrs. Clari- hew & Gray are active young gentlemen, natives of Scotland, and es- tablished their business in Barre in 1886. They have an extended wholesale and retail fine granite trade, and keep eighteen men busy in their works, which cover a space 26 x 100 feet. They have thrown every effort into the scale which weighs towards success and have been repaid. Messrs. Clarihew & Gray are prominent in the furtherance of the town's welfare and both hold the best places in society. Mr. Clarihew is a member of the F. and A. M. Li. J. ORIFFIN & €0., Plumbers, Steam and Hot Water Fit- ters.— The trade of the plumber, steam and hot water fitter is well represented in this community by Messrs. L. J. Griflin & Co., whole- sale and retail dealers in all kinds of plumbing and steam goods, electric door bells, call bells and electric supplies. The firm is of the highest standard character and the work executed is always supe- rior in every respect. Eight competent, experienced workmen are constantly employed and orders and contracts for work are per- formed in the promptest manner. Water, steam, and hot-water heat are introduced into residences and buildings, and ventilation arranged and perfected, and special attention is given to the preven- tion of sewer gas, in which branch the firm is very successful. Plans and estimates are furnished and contracts entered into for work of any magnitude, and pipe and fittings supplied on the most satisfactory terms. Repairing and jobbing receive prompt attention. A full assortment of supplies is kept constantly on hand. The premises occupied comprise one floor, 15 x 30 feet in dimensions, with a storehouse, 40 x 80 feet in dimensions. Mr. Griffin is a native of Vermont, and an experienced, practical workman, and familiar with all the details of the trade. O. H. REED, Dentist, No. 27 Elm Street.— Dr. O. H. Reed established himself in the practice of his profession here some twenty-five years ago, and being thoroughly familiar with every de- tail of dentistry, he soon acquired a reputation for skill and reliabil- ity that placed him at the head of the profession in this section, and he is to-day consulted in the most difficult and intricate cases. He occupies three handsomely appointed rooms, his operating room being equipped with every modern convenience and appliance; and employing only the most competent assistants, he is at all times prepared to promptly and effectively serve customers. He makes a a specialty of the painless extraction of teeth, and of all operations requiring the most thorough technical and practical skill. The cleaning and filling of teeth, the manufacture of artificial work, crown and bridge work of all kinds are given skillful attention, and prices are placed upon a thoroughly fair and equitable basis. The patron- j age is large, first-class and influential in Barre and from all the sur- ! rounding country, and Dr. Reed is deservedly popular with his host of patrons. To seek his services once is to be his patron always. Dr. Reed is a Vermonter by birth and training, and is known and honored as a useful and substantial citizen, a member of the Knights of Honor and a justice of the peace for many years. GlilDDEN & HARVEY, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Fine Monumental Work of all Kinds, from the Celebrated Light and Dark Barre Granite.— The enterprising house of Glidden & Har- vey, manufacturers and dealers in monumental granite work, was es- tablished April, 1890 and the works, of a very spacious and complete character, are 20 x 40 feet in dimensions, and employ steadily five experienced and artistic workmen. Glidden & Harvey make a cliief specialty in fine monumental work of all kinds from the cele- brated light and dark Barre granite, and their work in this respect has already won for them highest encomiums from all quarters, and Increased their trade very materially. Estimates are furnished on application, and all orders are given the closest care and attention, the proprietors exercising personal supervision over every detail of their business. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. W. D. Glidden and R. Harvey. The former gentleman is a native of Vermont, while Mr. Harvey hails from Connecticut. Both are highly respected here. PARK & DUNRAR, Manufacturers and Dealers in Light and Dark Barre Granite Monuments, Tablets, Fencing, Buttresses, Etc.— Messrs. J. Park and W. Dunbar are both natives of Scotland, and now engaged in an extensive and satisfactory business at Burn- ham's Meadow, where they manufacture and deal in light and dark Barre granite monuments, tablets, fencing, buttresses and general cemetery work; also making a specialty of drapery and carved work. Messrs. Park & Dunbar established their business in 1887, and from a modest beginning have extended their plant until it covers 26 x 100 feet of space, while they engage the services of thirteen men. A record of success has been the return for Messrs. Park & Dunbar's efforts, while they are regarded as most reliable and worthy busi- ness men in this community. Their work bears the stamp of close personal attention and care, while their goods go to supply the trade. Mr. Park is a member of the O. S. C. 168 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF CUTIiER & BURNHAra, Manufacturei-s of and Dealers in Barre Granite Monuments.— A leading firm engaged in the manu- facture and sale of Barre granite monuments is that of Messrs. Cut- ler & Burnham, who supply first-class work from the finest grades of stock, and who attend to all kinds of custom polishing. The members of the firm, Messrs. F. T. Cutler and W. N. Burnham, are both practical and expert workmen, with a large and varied experi- ence in the exercise of the stone-cutter's art, and are fully conver- sant with every detail and feature of the granite industry. They embarked in the business as a firm in September, 1888, and their career has since been a history of steady progress and uninterrupted prosperity. Their workshop covei-s an area of 26 x 315 feet, where thirteen men are employed at stone-cutting. Their polishing mill is 38 X 128 feet in dimensions, supplied with sixteen polishing machines which are operated by a steam-engine of eighty horse-power, and in which are employed twenty experienced hands; while there is a well equipped blacksmith shop, a large storehouse, and a new traveling derrick at *^he works which is the finest in town. The name and trade of the firm is becoming co-extensive with the limits of the entire counti'y. E.stimates are furnished and contracts are entered into for work of any magnitude, and promptness, reliability and moderate prices are invariably guaranteed. The co-partners are both native Vermonters. and young men of experience, business, push and keen appreciation of the wants of the trade. Mr. Cutler was formally foreman at the granite works of the Wetmore & Morse Manufacturing Company. Mr. Burnham is the owner of the Burn- ham Meadow, the center of the granite working industry in this town. Both are members of the F. and A. M., the Iron Hall and Golden Arch, and gentlemen of excellent repute and standing in social and business life. DR. W. F. niANN, Dentist, No. 26 North Main Street.— Dr. Mann is one of the thoroughly trained and highly educated surgeon-dentists of Barre, who by years of study and practical expe- rience have reached a prominent position in their profession. His dental parlors are the largest and finest in town, elegantly furnished and supplied with all the apparatus peculiar to the profession. The business was established in 1888 by the present proprietor and has already gained a large and increasing patronage. Dentistry is promptly attended to in all its branches. Anaesthetics are adminis- tered, either in cleaning, extracting, or filling teeth when required. Partial or entire sets of teeth are manufactured, extracting and fill- ing is skillfully and scientifically executed, and he is considered especially eminent in the profession in preserving neglected teeth, correcting deformity and supplying good substantial fillings, which are invariably warranted, while the prices that prevail are such as add materially to the popularity of the house among all classes of people Dr. Mann is a native of Vermont, a member of the order of Iron Hall and stands deservedly high in the community. THE BARRK BOOK AND JOB PRINTING ES- TABIiISH.TIENT, Thos. H. Cave, Proprietor, Main Street.— The large and well-equipped printing establishment of Thos. H. Cave was founded by him in 1S83. In the short period of five years, this gentleman has by the natural energy of his character, supplemented by first-class business abilities, built up a most flourishing and pros- perous trade for his house, which is now the acknowledged leader in its line in Barre and vicinity. The premises comprise a spacious floor, 20 x .30 feet in dimensions, and here three skilled workmen are constantly employed. Mr. Cave's facilities for turning out the very best character of work in the way of book and job printing are un- equaled, he carrying on hand a fine variety of type of all descrip- tions, while his presses, operated by steam-power, are of the newest devised styles. Mr. Cave is a native of England, but has resided so long in Barre as to become thoroughly identified with the business interests of the city that fully entitles him an honored place among the representative citizens of the locality. He is an F. and A. M. in high standing. BARCI.AV BROTHICRS, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Barre Granite Monuments, General Cemetery Work, Etc.— These fa- mous works were established in 1887 by the present firm, who bring to bear special qualifications, being thoroughly experi- enced in every department of the business. They guarantee the best I and cheapest work in their line, and have achieved wide-spread fame for turning out the finest and most original designs of elaborately finished monuments, headstones and cemetery work of every descrip- tion. The proprietors are perfect judges of granite and handle only the best qualities, executing all work in the most perfect manner. Vaults are built in every style, lots are enclosed with granite posts in any cemetery in the states, and all kinds of sculptor and memorial work is furnished at short notice. To the public in search of fine monumental work, tliis firm offers special inducements. The works of this establishment are 26 x 250 feet in dimensions. Sixty skilled workmen are employed, and a large wholesale trade has been devel- oped that is constantly increasing. All orders and commissions are guaranteed prompt and fulfillment perfect. The individual mem- bei-s of the firm, Messrs. W. and A. Barclay, are natives of Scot- land. Both are expert and accomplished masters of their trade. CENTRAIi house:, G. W. Jeffords, Proprietor.— The Cen- tral House is located on North Main Street, adjacent to the best res- ident portion of the town, yet within easy reach of depots, quite near to Goddard Seminary, and is convenient alike to the permanent pa- tron, the conunercial tourist and the transient guest. The rooms are finely furnished, the management is thoroughly experienced, and the service is perfect and unsurpassed. The cuisine of the house is worthy of special mention, being under the most expert manage- ment, and kept up to the highest standard of excellence. Terms are placed upon a popular basis, and a stay at this hotel is ever remem- bered as a pleasant experience. This hotel has been the scene of many class suppers, graduating dinners, banquets, etc.. given by the students at Goddard Seminary, and the catering for these entei-tain- ments has been of a character reflecting the highest credit upon the proprietor. Mr. G. W. Jeffords, the popular host, is well and widely known throughout this section of the state, as an experienced hotel man who is eminently successful in pleasing the public, and in cater- ing to the wants and varied tastes of his patrons he has few equals and no superiors. His accomplished wife is an important factor in the management of the culinary department, while in the ofHce he is ably assisted by Mr. Geo. Poole as head clerk. THOS. H. MARRIOIV, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Barre Granite Monuments, Tablets, Fencing and General Cemetery Work. —Mr. Thos. H. Marrion, is engaged at Granite Mount, manufac- turing and dealing in Barre granite monuments, tablets, fencing and general cemetery work. From a standpoint of long tenure in busi- ness, Mr. Marrion does not establish claims, his business having been founded in 1889. At the same time, the volume of his trade, which is local, will yield a goodly comparison with other houses en- gaged in the business line. Mr. Marrion has in his employ nine men, all of whom are particularly fitted for their calling. He makes carv- ing a specialty of his establishment and has a fine gi'owing trade. His works are modernly built and equipped, covering a space 20 x 46 feet. Mr. Marrion has made a reputation for supplying his custom- ers with precisely the material and designs that he promises them and in that manner has won patrons from the best families of Barre. He is a native of New York, a member of the O. S. C, and has the honor to be rated as a thoroughly conservative and upright man of business, A. W. IjANE, Architect and Builder.— Among those who have acquired a wide reputation for artistic conceptions and practical skill as an architect and builder should be named Mr, A, W, Lane, of this city. This gentleman occupies eligible office quarters, and has been established in the pursuit of his vocation here for over thirty years. His designs have become deservedly celebrated, and his fame rests upon a long and successful professional career, Dui"- ing all these years he has been constantly engaged in designing and supervising the erection of the most advanced classes of public and private buildings, among which are churches, hotels and dwellings scattered throughotit this and surrounding regions. It is scarcely necessary to particularize in regard to the work of so prominent an architect and builder as Mr. Lane, but it is of interest to note some of the buildings erected under his supervision. He executed the de- signs and erected the Opera House at Montpelier. the Nichols Block in this city. VVorthern Block and many others. Mr. Lane attends faithfully to all details, his plans are well digested, and his architect- ural efforts have tended to greatly beautify the urban characteristics of thi« town. Mr. Lane is a native of Orange, this state. B A R R E , VERMONT 169 ]n:iL Guns, Rifles, Ammunition and All Kinds of Sporting Goods.— This business was established in July, 1870, and the premises occupied comprise two spacious and well arranged rooms. The stock here displayed in the above lines is the most complete and valuable of its kind in this vicinity. It includes guns and rifles from the most celebrated manufactories in the country; ammunition of all grades, and all kinds of sporting goods, such as fishing tackle, base ball supplies, tennis goods and all such kindred goods designed for athletic sports of all kinds. The trade of the house is very wide- spread, buyers in tliis line knowing well that they here obtain the best quality of goods at lowest ruling prices. The proprietor, Mr- Geo. W. Fox, is a gentleman of middle age, and was born in Massa- chusetts. He is active and enterprising and is considered one of the leading business men of this city. Mr. Fox is also proprietor of a flrst-class boarding-house, situated on West Street only a short dis- tance from the depot. This building has been refitted and is a flrst- class place to stop. V L'RTIS & KEITH, Livery Stable.— One of the finest and best equipped livery and sale stables in Barre is that owned and occupied by Messrs. Curtis & Keith. These stables were first opened to the public in 1876 by E. J. Gale, who was subsequently succeeded by W. S. George, who. in turn, sold out to the present flrm, composed of Messrs. V. W. Curtis and A. M. Keith, in 1885. The premises com- prise a substantial structure, 40 x 60 feet in size, modern in all ^- pointnients and equipment, and afford accommodation for a large number of horses and many carriages. The ventilation and drain- age of the stables are perfect, and competent hostlers are employed. The firm own flfteen stylish horses and handsome carriages for liv- ery purposes, and attend to calls promptly for weddings, parties and funerals. Prices are governed by moderation, and a brisk business is being done. Horses are taken to board and are given the verj- best of care and attention. Transient trade is especially catered to, and patrons of the firm are treated courteously and efficiently. Both members of the firm have had quite an extended experience in this business and are rated as two of Barre's enterprising and respected citizens. Mr. Curtis is a member in high standing of the F. and A. M., and E. L. of A. Mr. Keith also belongs to the last named order. Both gentlemen are natives of Vermont. F. W. SHERBURNE, Photographer.-Mr. F. W. Sherburne as a photographic artist has achieved a standard reputation, his pictures always showing a graceful and easy pose, a fidelity to na- ture and a completeness of finish not always obtainable by those who are not thorough masters of the art. The business was estab- lished by A. N. Blanchard in 1865, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1880. The gallery is handsomely furnished and the operating rooms are fitted up and provided with every requisite nec- essar3- for producing pictures in any style. He has fine specimens of photographic views of all descriptions, and has gained an enviable reputation for the high class of his artistic workmanship. He em- ploys two assistants, is a thoroughly skilled artist, and always gives satisfaction to his many patrons. Mr. Sherburne is a native of Ver- mont, is a member of the masonic lodge, also the Knight Templar. W. W. CAIiDER, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Light Driv- ing and Heavy Working Harnesses, Horse Clothing, Etc., Etc.— A well arranged store, complete in all its varied appointments, display- ing an attractive assortment of goods in the particular line it repre- sents, is the harness and saddlery establishment of Blr. W. W. Calder, on Main Street. Mr. Calder started this business in July, 1889, and the trade developed in that time is now of large and gratifying pro- portions, extending throughout a wide radius of territory. The premises occupied are 30 x 50 feet in dimensions, and comprise as fine a shop in this line as there is in the state, which is finely adapted to the business in hand. Two men are regularly employed, and Mr. Calder gives strict attention to the manufacture of flne harness of every description, carrying in stock a complete line of harness, sad- dlery, blankets, robes and horse clothing and goods of every descrip- tion. Also a hirge stock of trunks and hand bags of all kinds. Mr. Calder is a native of Vermont and a man of enterprise and ability. 170 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF BAKRE, mi able terms. Page Brothers thoroughly un- derstand the livery business and to it give tlieir personal attention, seeing that every- thing is done in tlie most satisfactory manner. They keep for sale a full line of buggies, carts, sleighs, etc. This establishment is located on Main Street, opposite the depot. A force of hands are employed sufHciently large to meet the demands of a rapidly increasing business, and all orders by mail, telegraph or telephone vrill receive prompt attention. Page Bros, are natives of Vermont and are active, energetic business men. N. D. Page gives his whole time to buying and selling fine horses and is as good a judge of a horse as can be found. PAGE BROTHERS, Feed, Liverj- and Sale Stables.— This business was established by Mr. E. J. Gale in 1883 and came into the possession of the present proprietors in 1880. The stable is well ven- tilated and lighted, is 60 x 100 feet in dimensions, and fitted up with every requisite necessary for the business. Horses are boarded by the day, week, or month, and receive the best of attention. There are a number of stylish and flne-looking animals, some of them " flyers " to suit the fancy of those who are fond of fast driving, also quiet and gentle horses for ladies, and a fine assortment of vehicles, phaetons, buggies and also saddles, etc., which are let upon reason- S. D. AIiIjEN, Flour, etc.. Depot Square. —This house was established in 1888 and since its inception has always carried on a constantly increasing and lucrative trade. The premises utilized consist of a suitable building of ample dimensions, suited to the storing of feed in large quantities; also lum- ber yards and sheds. This house deals at wholesale and retail in corn, meal, flour, feed and bran, salt, nails, glass, cement, brick, lime, calcimine plaster, lumber, clapboards, shingles, lath,, fire brick for boilers, etc. By virtue of the facilities of this house, buying only in large quantities by the car load, they are enabled to furnish the best at the lowest prices. This ofHce is conveniently located on Depot Square, and a fine large stock of the best brands in this line of goods are kept constantly on hand. All orders, however large, will be promptly filled at the lowest market prices. Mr. S. D. Allen, the proprietor of this establishment, is a na- tive of "Vermont, and during his brief career as a business man in. this city has won for himself an enviable reputation. =^M-X' I Xj X 1 X 1 X t ^'^.•.>^>,' X \ X tX 1 X I Xp^a^^ . "77(7"^^ I X 1 X 1 X r X 1 Kv-'-.-KyH' t X 1 X 1 X r X I >c{?^^^^ '■'^' L^AXAX/^XAXA^-^<^,.•:^«»kAX•\XAXAXAX■ ^^ ss- fc> as v;^ ^ yA?^:^v^ g£ ^y ^ <$y ai INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF WATERBURY. ATERBURY is one of the most attractive villages in the State. It is situated on the Central Vermont Railroad, eight miles from Montpelier, and is made the head- quarters of summer tourists visiting Mount Mansfield and Camel's Hump, the highest of the Green Mountain peaks, which are within easy riding distance of this village. is the home of ex-Gov. Paul Dillingham and his son, ex-Gov. W. P. Dillingham, The town was organized March 31, 1790. Hon. Ezra Butler was the first town clerk and Dr. Daniel Bliss the first representative. In the year 1800 a great religious revival commenced in the town and about this time a Congregational, a Baptist and a Methodist church were organized. The population of the town according to the last census was 2,297. It has four churches, three hotels and is the site of the new State Asylum for the Insane which is now in the process of completion. No better public schools are to be found in the State than those which the people of Waterbury have provided for the education of their children. The graded system is in vogue, and it is the aim of the school committee and teachers to secure to the pupils a thorough and systematic course of practical instruction. The town is separated from Duxbury by the Winooski River, and Waterbury River runs through it from north to south. It is thus supplied with abundant water power and excellent mill privileges. The manufactures and general business interests of Waterbury are valuable and extensive for a place of its size. Conspicuous among the former are machine shops devoted to the production of chimney tops, iron and brass castings, etc., also shops for the production of carriages and sleighs, clapboards, lumber, leather, butter tubs and boots and shoes. The village has an efficiently organized Fire Department which is kept in good working condi- tion, ready for instant and zealous service. The village is supplied with an excellent quality of water, abundant in quantity, and furnished to the inhabitants at reasonable rates. This pleas- ant village is the center of a highly productive farming district ; its inhabitants are educated and refined. The air is pure and bracing, and the whole vicinity is rich with the characteris- tic scenery of Vermont. It is therefore a most desirable place in which to build a summer home or permanent residence. WYMAN & "WAIiljACE, Dry Goods, Clothing, Carpets, Oil Cloths, Boots and Shoes.— There is not probably among the vari- ous and multifarious mercantile concerns that contribute to the sum of trade and commerce in any town, one to which more interest or importance attaches than the well-ordered general dry goods and ladies' wear emporium ; and therefore it is that the excellent and de- servedly popular store of Messrs. Wyman & Wallace, dealers in dry goods, clothing, carpets, oil cloths, boots and shoes, is the center of attraction to the ladies of this community, there being here al- ways displayed an exceedingly fine assortment of everything com- prehended in dry and fancy goods, at the lowest prices consistent with first-class value and honorable dealing; while patrons can at all times rely upon getting a superior article, prompt and polite atten- tion and satisfactory treatment in this well and favorably known establishment. The history of this house since its inception some twenty-five years ago, has been a record of steady and substantial progress which fully sustains its hold on public favor and confi- dence. The business was established by Mr. C. E. Wyman about 1866, and was very successfully conducted by him until April, 1890, when Mr. B. E. Wallace was admitted as partner. The business premises comprise two floors, 24 x 60 feet in dimensions, finely ap- pointed and tastefully arranged. A large, well-selected stock of goods is constantly carried, embracing elegant dress trimming in great variety, silks, satins and velvets, fine shawls, cloaks, wraps, gloves, hosiery, laces, embroidery, fancy goods and small wares, corsets and undergarments of all kinds, parasols, fans, ornaments and ladies' furnishings of every description. In the carpet depart- ment a fine display is made, the goods representing the products of the most noted American manufacturers and including all the latest novelties and most exquisite designs it is possible to obtain. Mr. C. E. Wyman, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Sandy Hill, N. Y., and Mr. B. E. Wallace is a native of Waterbury: both gentle- men are prominent and respected in the community alike as mer- chants and citizens, and are well deserving of the success attained. Their popular establishment is the acknowledged leader in styles and regulator of low prices. 171 m INDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF W.VTERBUUY NATIONAIi BANK.— The history of the Waterbury National Bank verifies in a striking manner that well established fact that a great financial institution must have a man of conservative characteristics and a level and comprehensive head at the helm in order to become successful and prosperous. The bank was incorporated in 1854, with a capital stock of $100,000 and its prin- cipal executive officers are as follows, viz. : W. P. Dillingham, presi- dent; J. H. Hastings, vice-president; and Charles Wells, cashier. Directors, W. P. Dillingham, J. H. Hastings, H. A. Hodges, W. H. Bingham, C. N. Arms, J. W. Brock, J. W. Moody. The banking rooms of the institution are centrally located, spacious in size, ele- gantly appointed, and afford every accommodation to the public and for the transaction of the business in hand. A general banking business is transacted, including the receiving of deposits, the dis- counting of approved commercial paper and the collection of drafts. From its inception the bank has retained the confidence of the pub- lic in a marked degree. Its principal characteristics are those which tend to inspire and maintain success, ample capital, good connec- tions, unlimited backing and able management. This bank has a capital of $100,000; a surplus fund of $30,000; undivided profits amounting to $35,796.49; and individual deposits subject to check amounting to $.')0,283.04. This institution has in evei-y particular kept abreast with the times, while its management has ever been characterized by that spirit of cautious enterprise and vigorous con- servatism which marks out new paths and follows them surely. The Waterbury National Bank is generally recognized as one of those solid institutions that reflect credit alike upon its oflBcers and the public. Its executive officers are gentlemen with whom it is always a pleasure to do business. Prompt and obliging in all their dealings, they are naturally popular and maintain the high standing of this bank in both financial and commercial life. Hon. W. P. Dil- lingham, the president, is a native of Waterbury. He was governor of Vermont in 1889-90, and is prominent and popular in legal, politi- cal and financial circles. His father, ex-Governor Paul Dillingham was president of this bank for many years, and still resides in Wa- terbury at the advanced age of ninety-two years He was a member of Congress from this state nearly fifty years ago, was long noted as an advocate at the bar, and is honored and esteemed by the people of the state as few of its citizens have ever been. Hon. J. H. Hast- ings, the vice-president, is a well-known and highly respected citizen of Waitsfleld, and was at one time county judge of Washington County Court. Mr. Charles Wells, the cashier, is a native of Water- bury, has been town treasurer, and is a prominent member of the G. A. E. He volunteered in the Forty-first Wisconsin Regiment during the war of the rebelUon and is a financier of large experience, wide acquaintance and marked ability, while the board of directors comprise much of the solid business element of this section of the state. Hon. W. H. H. Bingham is a leading citizen and lawyer of Stowe. and is prominent in political life. C. N. Arms, Esq., is a retired merchant of this town; J. W. Brock is a leading business man in Montpelier, and Messrs. H. A. Hodges, Richmond and J. W. Moody are well-known citizens of Waterbury. H. E. BOITCE, Fresh and Salt Meats, Groceries of All Kinds, Flour, Etc.— The provision trade has no more thoroughly representa- tive exponent in this section of the country than Mr. H. E. Boyce, who has been established in business here since 1883, since which time he has built up a very extensive trade, which is annually increasing at a gratifying and steady rate. He occupies a commo- dious and handsomely equipped store, which is fitted up with every convenience for the accommodation of patrons. He keeps in stock a large assortment of the choicest cuts of beef, lamb, pork, veal, and mutton, and poultry and game in season, besides a full line of salt and smoked meats, fresh, dried, smoked and pickled fish of every description. He also keeps constantly on hand a full line of choice family groceries, including the choicest and freshest teas, coffees and spices; the best brands of flour and meal, canned goods in great variety, bakers' and laundry supplies, fresh and dried fruit, butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables and other country produce, and. in short everything usually found in a first-class grocery establishment. Everything kept in stock is guaranteed to be of the best quality, while the prices which prevail are moderate in the extreme. Mr. Boyce is a native of Fayston, but has long been identified with the interests of Waterbury. where he is regarded as one of her most public spirited citizens and successful merchants. BATCHELBEU & ROBINSON, General Hardware, Stoves and Ranges.— The firm of Batchelder & Robinson have an old and well established name, a pioneer in the hardware line, enjoying a reputation and trade that represent the results of over fifty years of honorable and successful effort. The establishment has undergone various changes in its ownership, the present firm succeeding Mr. J. E. Shepley. The premises occupied comprise three floors and a basement, each 40 x 90 feet in dimensions, the whole being arranged carefully and methodically. The several dejjartments are filled with an elaborate and diversified stock, embracing general hardware, stoves, ranges, iron, steel, horseshoes, nails, barbed wire, tinware! lead and iron pipe and fittings, carriage trimmings, axles, etc. The supplies are received direct from the manufacturers, special atten- tion being given to the quality and character of the productions, the aim being to not only meet every want, but to offer the best in every case that llie market affords. Significant advantages are afforded to customers in the matter of prices. A large trade has been estab- lished which is botli wholesale and retail. Employing ample capital, and commanding advanced opportunities for the procurement and disposition of goods, Messrs. Batchelder & Robinson may be truth- fully said to be a tower of strength in the field of commerce. RICHARDSON & liUCE, Dry Goods, Clothing. Boots and Shoes. — The improvements that have taken place in the dry goods in- dustry have made establishments engaged in that trade to become vei-itable bazaars, reflecting the manufacturing progress of every nation. A leading headquarters in tliis line in Waterbury is the es- tablishment of Messrs. Richardson & Luce, which was founded by Mr. C. Richardson in 1870, the present proprietor succeeding to the control in 1891. The firm are extensive dealers in foreign and do- mestic dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes. Tlie store is very spa- cious and attractive in all its appointments, and perfect in conven- ience of arrangement for inspection and sale. The stock is complete and carefully selected in every line, displaying all the materials that have been made popular by personal preference or the decrees of fashion, and equal attention is given to every assortment. In the dress goods department is shown a full line of black and colored silks, velvets, plushes, henriettas, dress flannels and fancy dress goods, while all the new fabrics and shades are added as soon as they appear in the market. The stock of ready made clothing and gents' furnishing goods is also well selected and complete, comprising a fine assortment of new hosiery, plain, striped and fancy, from cheap domestic to finest French goods, kid gloves of the best make, neck- wear and handkerchiefs, all in the latest styles and at reasonable prices. A large and valuable assortment of boots, shoes, rubbers, arctic overshoes, and felt boots and shoes are always to be found here. A large and influential trade has been established in Water- bury and the surrounding towns. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. C. W. Richardson and Fred. C. Luce, are both natives of Vermont. E. F. SAVAGE, Baker and Dealer in Nuts and Confectionery. —The leading baking establishment in this section of the state is that of Mr. E. F. Savage, whose splendidly equipped establishment is eligibly and centrally located in Waterbury. Mr. Savage succeeded in 1889 to the business which had been established many years before by Messrs. H. P. Riford & Co. Under his wise and liberal manage- ment the former trade of the house has not only been retained but has been largely extended, and he has now a very large, liberal and influential patronage, derived from all classes in the commu- nity and extending throughout Waterbury and the surrounding country. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, comprising two entire floors and a store 15 x 40 feet in dimensions, the building being fitted up with the most approved machinery and appliances. A specialty is made of fine bread, cakes, cookies, pies, etc., etc., only the best and purest materials being used, and none but skilled workmen being employed. Ice cream is made to order and kept constantly on hand during the summer season, and a fine stock is carried of nuts and confectionery. The establishment is a model one in every respect and its products have attained a wide and enviable reputation for excellence. Mr. Savage is a native of New Waitsfleld, Vt.. but has long been identified with the interests of Waterbury, where he is held in the highest esteem by all classes of the community. He is a prominent and popular member of the Ma- sonic and Odd Fellows' orders. WATEEBURY, VERMONT. 173 C. C. "WAKREN, Manufacturer of the Celebrated "Lion" Harness Leather, Bridle, Skirting, Loop and Horse-Boot Leather. — Prominent among the old established houses of Waterbury may be mentioned that of Mr. C. C. Warren, manufacturer of the celebrated " Lion ■" harness leather, also black, russet and stained rein, bridle, skirting, loop and horse-boot leather. At this establishment can always be found an extensive and elegant assortment of goods at the lowest prices consistent with excellent values and upright dealing. Mr. Warren commenced business as a tanner here about twenty years ago, and from a small beginning the business has grown until now the establishment is known as the best in Vermont. The me- chanical equipments are the best that skill and capital can produce, and employment is furnished to from forty or fifty hands. The works were burned in 1885 and rebuilt on an improved plan. Mr. Warren is always in a position to fill orders with promptitude and his standing in the market is beyond question. Mr. C. C. Warren, the enterprising and popular proprietor of this establishment, is a native of Hartland, Vt., and to his energy and enterprise Waterbury owes much of her present prosperity. ATKINS & HAINES, Groceries, Tobacco and Cigars.— The village of Waterbury, as the center of a very important trade in staple groceries and food products, is largely indebted to the whole- sale grocery firm of Messrs. Atkins & Haines, which was established here in 1875. The stock both as regards extent, variety and quality, has no superior in this section of the state. This splendid and spa- cious store is fully equipped with every modern improvement for the convenient handling and perfect preservation of the immense and valuable stock here carried. As regards domestic staple gro- ceries the stock is thoroughly comprehensive, covering the entire wide range and including everything in its best quality. Such staples as teas, coffees and spices, sugars, syrups and molasses are prominent specialties with this firm, and their trade in these lines is alone enormous. In the canned goods department the firm handles only those brands of fruit, meats and vegetables that experience and test have shown to be perfect as regards both qual- ity and method of preservation. They handle full lines of the prod- ucts of such houses as Crosse & Blackwell, of London, and are also extensive dealers in the choicest foreign and domestic dried fruits; French canned and preserved food products, such as peas, mush- rooms, capers, sardines, etc., and the best Havana cigars and tobac- cos of all kinds. Their leading specialty however is in flour and grain, in which they do an enormous business. The trade is large, first class and influential throughout the state. The house was orig- inally established by Messrs. C. N. Arms and L. H. Haines, Mr. Geo. W. Atkins taking the place of Mr. Arms about 1888. The members of the firm are both natives of Vermont and are highly esteemed in the commimity. A. R. PHILIilPS, Meat Market.— A young but none the less flourishing and popular house in the meat trade in Waterbury is that of Mr. A. B. PhilUps, who, although only established in business here for one year, has already developed a very flourishing trade. The premises occupied comprise a commodious and well appointed store, which is a model of neatness and cleanliness. Here is to be found constantly on hand a large stock of the choicest cuts of beef, mut- ton, lamb, pork and veal, besides game and poultry in season. Mr. Phillips kills and dresses his own meat, and as he is a skilled butcher of large practical experience, he is enabled at all times to guarantee the quality of the food products he offers for sale. His prices are as moderate as consistent with first-class meats, and he has a neat de- livery cart which is constantly kept busy. BIr. Phillips is a native of Waterbury. ROOT & QR ANDFIEIiD, Meat Market.— The trade in fresh and salt meats of every description is well represented in Waterbury by the enterpising young firm of Root & Grandfield, which although only in business since last year has already established a large and flourishing trade. They occupy a spacious and commodious store which is a model of neatness and cleanlinecs, and where is kept con- stantly on hand a large and choice assortment of fresh beef, mutton, lamb, pork and veal, besides poultry and game in season. They also carry a large stock of salt, pickled and smoked meats of all kinds, as well as fruits and vegetables in season. Goods are delivered to any part of the town or vicinity, a neat delivery cart being constantly kept busy. The proprietors are wide-awake, courteous and enter- prising business men, who fully understand catering to the wants of the public. ITIRS. J. Mr, CABIERON, Millinery, Fancy Goods and Worsteds, Main Street.— A popular and prominent shopping place of this town is Mrs. J. M. Cameron's millinery and fancy goods es- tablishment. The business was established in 1883 and has had a steady growth from the beginning and has for some time been the chief source of supply in artistic millinery merchandise, viz.: fine French flowers, ostrich plumes and tips, rich ribbons and laces, or- i naments, straw and silk goods, etc., for the fashionable ladies of Waterbury and vicinity. The chief show window is noted for the great taste exhibited in arranging the goods, and the dazzling dis- play is criticised by crowds daily. As communities progress in edu- cation, refinement and wealth, in like ratio does taste advance in the art of millinery. Ladies are now extremely particular with their head dress and prefer coming to an establishment where can be seen a great variety of different shapes and styles at prices to suit all classes of customers. A large and valuable stock of fancy goods and worsteds are kept constantly on hand, and in quality and styles of new goods Mrs. Cameron successfully competes with any house in the state. '^i^rAr^^£^^£^s^x/i<, •I^VX XX X SI; INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF ST. JOHNSBURY. I RIOR to the independence of New Hampshire Grants, and sixteen years before the settlement of St. Johnsbury, a tract of land on Passumpsic River was granted by King i^^ George III., to certain of his " loving subjects of the Province of New York." This yj" tract, containing 39,000 acres — including the whole or nearly the whole of St. Johnsbury together with a portion of Concord and Waterford — was granted to thirty-nine petitioners under leadership of John Woods and Wm. Swan, and formerly chartered by Cadwallader ■Golden, who in 1770 was governor-general of New York. The charter was issued at New York City on the 8th of August, 1770 ; and in honor of the Earl of Dunmore, who on the 19th of October following was appointed by his Majesty, governor of the province, the new town- ship received the name of Dunmore. On the 27th of October, 1786, Thos, Chittenden, then in the tenth year of his service as governor of the State, made an official grant to Dr. Jonathan Arnold and associates of a tract of land in old Orange county, to be known as the " Town- ship of St. Johnsbury." The name which Cadwallader Golden had bestowed on this tract in 1770, and by which he thought to immortalize the name of the British earl, was now repudi- ated by the less loyal mountaineers, who had already assumed control of the state. Among the French people they had found a man whose friendship for the Green Mountain State challenged their respect and won their gratitude, and the new township was named, the borough or town of St. John de Crevecoeur, the French consul at New York. This was done at the suggestion of Ethan Allen, a warm personal friend of St. John. At St. John's sugges- tion the town was called St. Johnsbury on account of there being many other towns by the name of St. John in this country. ITS CHARMING SITUATION. The village of St. Johnsbury is admirably located at the confluence of the Passumpsic and Moose Rivers, both of which streams furnish excellent water-power for mills and factories. The landscape is diversified by numerous mound-like hills, plateaus, and winding water courses. Nature made it beautiful at first, and architecture and horticulture have materially added to its attractiveness. It is a village of handsome residences and imposing business blocks, and the hand of culture is everywhere to be seen. Nearly every house is owned by its occupant, and prosperity and happiness reign throughout the community. Railroads lead in four directions from St. Johnsbury ; the Passumpsic, north and south, and the Boston and Lowell, east and west. The Vermont division of the latter road runs from St. Johnsbury west across northern Vermont to Lake Champlain. St. Johnsbury is on the great through line from Boston to Newport, Montreal, and Quebec. 174 ST. JOHNSBUKY, VERMONT, 175 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. At the head of Eastern Avenue on Main Street, stands the Athenaeum. This institution was founded in 187 1 by ex-Governor Horace Fairbanks, and cost upwards of $100,000. It is a handsome and substantial brick edifice, and contains a library of eleven thousand volumes of choice literature, and a fine art gallery, which has, as its central attraction, Bierstadt's master- piece, the " Domes of the Yosemite." The building is two stories high, 49 x 90 feet in dimen- sions, and has a fine hall in the second story. The library is open to all and proves one of the greatest attractions of St. Johnsbury. The Y. M. C. A. building, located on Eastern Avenue, is an ornament to the village and was erected through the munificence of Rev. Henry Fairbanks. It contains three floors and a basement and is built of pressed brick, with handsome trimmings of Longmeadow sandstone. Among other architectural features of the place may be named the office of the St. Johns- bury Caledonian, the office of the St. Johnsbury Republican, the Caledonia County Court House, Music Hall and several brick business blocks. The Soldiers' Monument in the Court House yard was dedicated in 1868, at a cost of f 8,892. 46. It is twelve feet in height, surmounted by a statue of America, seven feet high which is made of the purest Italian marble. Upon each side of the pedestal is a tablet containing the names of eighty citizens of St. Johnsbury who died in the war of the Rebellion. 176 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. The educational advantages offered by St. Johnsbury are very superior, and every effort is put forth by the people to enhance their value. St. Johnsbury Academy ranks as one of the best institutions of its kind in the countr5\ The students come from all parts of the country, and on graduating are admitted to all the leading colleges on presentation of their diplomas. Prof. Chas. E. Putney is principal, and the corps of instructors numbers thirteen. The courses of studies include the Classical, the English and Scientific, the Latin and English, the five years complete course, or a mixed course of from three to six years. This Academy offers unusual facilities for the profitable study of Natural Science. The gifts of the late Hon. Horace Fair- banks to this institution amount to $200,000. The Union School buildings are large and commodious structures, and the course of instruc- tion is very thorough. On Charles Street is the Convent of the congregation of Notre Dame. It is under the management of a sister superior, two sisters and several lady teachers. St. Johnsbury supports ten churches, as follows: North Church (Congregational), South Church (Congregational), Free Baptist, St. Andrew's Episcopal, Presbyterian, Church of the Mes- siah (Universalist), Methodist, Advent, Baptist and Roman Catholic. ST. JOHXSBURY, VERMONT. 177 The North Church edifice is the finest in the state. It is built of Isle La Motte marble, is imposing and beautiful in its symmetry and stately grace, and was erected at a cost ot $100,000. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. St. Johnsbury is a village made famous in all parts of the civilized world as the location of the Fairbanks' Scale Works, and the town is indebted to the Fairbanks family for its man- ufacturing importance and present prosperity. More than half a century ago the Fairbanks brothers — Erastus, Vermont's first war governor; Sir Thaddeus, the inventor of the scale; and Joseph P. — started the wheel of industry in a primitive scale works, and brought honor and wealth to the family and prosperity to the town. The success of these world-renowned works has been a natural sequence of skill in construction, care in management and increasing demand for the article manufactured. The manufacturing interests of the town are varied and extensive, outside of the scale works, embracing as they do almost every variety of wooden and metallic machinery, agricultu- ral and household implements, lumber, and monumental work. ADVANTAGES AS A RESIDENCE. The population of St. Johnsbury, according to the census of 1890, is 6,580. It has recently- been incorporated as a village and its government is characterized by wisdom and economy. The Fire Department is thoroughly equipped with the best of fire extinguishing appliances, and the firemen are well drilled and organized. The banking facilities are in every way adequate for the wants of the trading communit\^ There are many fine commercial houses engaged in almost every branch of trade, and these are under the control of energetic and enterprising merchants who have enlisted in them large capital. The traffic of the village has kept pace with her increasing growth as a manufacturing center; and the wholesale trade, which is an important factor in the development of the prosperity of the town, is yearly increasing in value and strength. The retail trade is of a most diversified character, the principal business thor- oughfares being lined by stores of a metropolitan character engaged in dealing in all the com- modities customarily found in thriving and growing communities. As a place of residence St. Johnsbury possesses many attractions. The arts and sciences are cultivated and fostered, and evidences are to be seen on every hand of culture and refinement, not only of a private character coupled with wealth, but of a public character as well. The village is handsomely laid out and compactly built, with broad and well paved streets, lighted by gas and electric lights, and is adequately supplied with wholesome water. It is noted for its fine public buildings, while outside of the business portion of the town the streets are lined with numerous elegant residences, surrounded with beautiful gardens and neat, well-kept lawns. With a desirable loca- tion for trade and manufacture, combined with abundant transportation facilities, with a large and increasing population, with her manufacturing enterprises, her wholesale and retail commer- cial activity and her many other advantages already pointed out, St. Johnsbury has even a more prosperous and brilliant future in store. 178 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF E. TO. STEEIjE & CO., Clothing, Furnishing Goods, Hats, Trunks and Bags, No. 7 Bank Block, Main Street.— The leading head- quarters in St. Johnsbury for ready-made clothing, hats and caps, gents' furnishing goods, trunks and bags, is the establishment of Messrs. E. D. Steele & Co., located at No. 7 Bank Block, Main Street, opposite the St. Jolinsbury House. This enterprising firm came into control of this business in 1887, as successors to L. B. Atwood, and have built up a deservedly high reputation and a large and steadily increasing trade. Tlie premises occupied for sales purposes com- prise a store and basement, 25 x 75 feet each, and unsurpassed facili- ties are afforded for conducting the business under the most favora- ble conditions and upon a large scale. The firm display a full and complete line of ready-made clothing for botli men's, youths', and boys' wear, all made in the latest style, of the best materials, and selected with care and judgment. Notliing of an inferior order is handled, each grade being distinguislied for some excellence pecul- iarly its own, while the finer lines are equal in every respect to the best custom work, in fit, finish, elegance and fashion. The stock of men's furnishing goods includes all the latest novelties in neck- wear, scarfs, cravats and ties ; the finest dress shirts, merino and woolen shirts ; silk and all-wool underwear, silk and cotton hosiery, the best makes of collars and cuffs, kid and driving gloves, silk and linen handkerchiefs, studs and buttons, suspenders and dressing conveniences of all kinds ; also canes and umbrellas, trunks and bags, and traveling supplies. Here are always displa3'ed tlie newest seasonable styles in Derbies, soft and silk hats, received direct from the makers, and sold at prices which are safe from suc- cessful competition. Backed by large and ample capital, and com- manding the most favorable opportunities for procuring supplies, this firm are in a position to name inducements in both goods and prices whicli are as rare as they are profitable to those who avail themselves of tlie same. The members of this popular firm are Messrs. E. D. Steele and H. W. Bates, the latter of whom is a resi- dent of Boston and a member of the wholesale clothing firm of Davies, Hopkins & Bates, in that city. Mr. Steele is a native of Maine, and a gentleman of large business experience, thorough reli- ability and sterling personal worth, with whom it is ever a pleasure to deal. CHARI^ES P. CAKPENTER, Hardware, Builders' Mate- rial, Tools, Cutlery, Stoves, Ranges, No. 89 Eastern Avenue.— The population of St. Johnsbury are ministered to by establishments whose reputation for enterprise, liberality and perfect equipment is not excelled by those of any other town in the state. Especially is this true with regard to the hardware trade, so ably represented by Mr. Chas. P. Carpenter at No. 89 Eastern Avenue. This is an old and well established house, a pioneer in the hardware and plumbing line, and representing the results of many years of honorable and suc- cessful effort. Mr. Carpenter became the proprietor in 1887, as suc- cessor to H. J. Conant, and under his direction the house has not only maintained its old time reputation, but has pushed its way to the front rank in many of the branches of trade to which it gives attention. The business premises comprise a three-story building, 50 X 75 feet in dimensions, together with a large storehouse in the rear, thus giving an abundance of room for supplying the most ex- tensive demand. The several departments are filled with an elab- orate and diversified stock, comprising a full assortment of standard parlor stoves of all styles and sizes, including the famous Howe Ventilating Stove and the well-known Magee heaters ; a splendid line of ranges and wood cook stoves, the Crawford, Quaker, West Shore and the Daniel E. Paris " Famous," besides several smaller kinds ; the Boynton hot air furnaces, the celebrated Boston heater." made by the Magee Furnace Company, and the Gurney hot water heater ; also, builders' and general hardware, locksmiths' and butchers' supplies, carpenters' and machinists' tools, farming and garden implements, tin and sheet-iron ware, belting and lacing, table and cutlery, etc., etc. To attempt an enumeration of the goods displayed by Mr. Carpenter would be. to present the reader with an immense catalogue. Suffice it to say, " he keeps everything." The supplies are purchased in vast quantities direct from the manufact- urers, and special attention is given to the quality and character of the productions, the aim being not only to meet every want but to offer the very best in every case that the markets afford. Signifi- cant advantages are extended to customers in the matter of prices, and all the great resources of the house are used to promote the interests of its patrons. A specialty is made of first-class sanitary plumbing, in which a large force of skilled workmen is constantly employed, while the house has also won a deservedly high prestige in ithe sale and putting into successful operation the Gurney hot water heater. These inventions are warmly commended by those who have them in use in this vicinity, and all who wish their houses either heated or plumbed should not fail to call upon Mr. Carpenter for information and prices. Employing ample capital and com- manding advanced opportunities for the procurement of supplies, this house may be justly considered as a tower of strength in the field of commerce. Mr. Carpenter is a native of Washington Co., Vermont, and one of its best known citizens and representative business men. He was postmaster of the village during several suc- cessive Republican administrations, and is a gentleman of marked executive ability, sound judgment and eminent popularity. DEmERS BROS., Dealers in Groceries, Provisions, Flour, Crockery, Glassware, Etc., No. 87 Railroad Street.— The excellent farm lands around St. Johnsbury afford exceptional market opportu- nities, and in fact give impetus to all trades, among which is the busy store of Messrs. Demers Bros., dealers in groceries, provisions, flour, crockery and glassware at No. 87 Railroad Street. The sole proprie- tor of this flourishing business is Mr. Louis Demers, a native of Can- ada, who has resided in this village seventeen years. His business was established in 1882, since which time it has grown to most desir- able proportions. He has a store 20 x 75 feet, completely stocked with the choicest goods in the market, while he conducts a first-class bake- shop in the basement, where he makes the most delicious bread, bis- cuits, rolls, buns, cakes, pies, doughnuts and crackers to be found in this place for supplying the retail trade. Mr. Demers carries a full line of staple and fancy groceries, tea, coffee, sugar, spices, butter, eggs, lard, cheese, flour, canned fruits, canned vegetables, berries, cranberries, preserves, pickles, sardines, condensed milk, washing fluid, currants, citrons, quinces, jellies, boiled cider, sauces, candles, mince meat, fruits, vegetables, and all kinds of country produce. Mr. Demers keeps his store in a neat and attractive condition, deliv- ers all purchases, employing four obliging clerks and has an exten- sive patronage from the best families. He is regarded as a man of strict business integrity and is very popular. A. D. ROWEIili (Successor to Howard & Rowell), Jew- eler, Stationer and Bookseller, Etc., No. 27 Main Street. — This representative house was originally established in 1855, by Mr. T. M. Howard, and in 1870 the firm of Howard & Rowell was organized, which continued until 1887, when Mr. Rowell succeeded to the sole control. The literary residents of the town, and all lovers of good reading make it their chief rendezvous. Here are two separate and distinct departments of trade in one store, each complete within it- self and under experienced and successful management. The book and stationery department is splendidly stocked with miscellaneous works; books in fine bindings, and illustrated works in prose and poetry; works of devotion, prayer books, hymnals and Bibles, maps, fine standard papers and envelopes, tablets and box papers, thin bonds, linens and calling cards, school stationery, pencils and inks; gold pens and Swan fountain pens, holiday novelties, albums and leather goods, and games. The watch and jewelry department is elegantly appointed, and perfect in convenience of arrangement for display, inspection and sale, and a very large stock is carried in every line. This has been rendered fully possible by the splendid connections of the house with manufacturers and importers of the best repute. In watches, clocks, bronzes, jewelry, charms, solid sil- ver and plated ware, optical goods and art novelties of every descrip- tion the assortments equal any in this section. The goods have been selected with care and judgment, exhibiting a wide range of value. Personal attention is given to fine watch repairing, and spectacles and eye-glasses are correctly fitted. The house is well prepared to give the best satisfaction in all its operations, and the proprietor is consistent in his determination to furnish first-class goods and relia- ble service on the most advantageous terms. Mr. Rowell is a native of New Hampshire, a resident of St. Johnsbury for the past thirty years, an accomplished jeweler of large experience, and an enter- prising, popular and successful business man. ST. JOHNSBURY, VERMONT. 179 1.0IJGX:x: BROS. & SOTYTHE, Dry and Fancy Goods, Cloaks, Carpets, Furs and Garments, Wall Papers and Window Shades, Notions and Small Wares, Nos. 59-61 Railroad Street.— The citizens of St. Johnsbury refer with pride to the elegant establish- ment of Messrs. Longee Bros. & Smythe, at Nos. .59-61 Railroad Street, as the exponent and representative of what the dry goods trade has come to under the stimulating effects of unlimited re- sources, distinguished enterprise, business capacity of the highest order, and unremitting energy and industry. That these are the qualifications of the esteemed proprietors is a fact generally recog- nized throughout the community. This firm established their busi- ness here in March, 1890, and deal in both dry and fancy goods, carpets and cloaks, wall papers and window shades, ladies' furs and garments, notions and small wares. Conducting their immense business upon an equitable and enterprising policy, they have not been slow to adopt every position of vantage so as to be foimd ever in the foreground, both as regards facilities, connections, the newest goods and the latest styles in that profusion which enables the most critical to speedily satisfy their tastes as to shades and patterns, and the assemblage under one roof of what may with truth be termed an emporium of the products of all nations in the lines of dry and fancy goods. Their store is the largest and most attractive in its line on this fashionable thoroughfare, as well as one of the busiest places in to^n. It comprises two floors, 40 x 100 feet each, in the above building, constructed in the most ornate and substantial man- ner, and, architecturally speaking, an ornament to the village. The interior is fitted up and furnished in keeping with the correct taste and sound judgment of the proprietors; no expense has been spared, while the arrangement of the premises is perfect, all floors being brilliantly lighted, provided with cash railways, arc lights, and commodious alike for cus- tomers and the adequate display of the firm's enormous stock. Its counters are daily thronged with patrons from all classes of the community. Each department is com- plete in itself, while the employees ai-e noted for their courtesy and obliging manners, combining with a thor- ough knowledge of their duties a faculty for anticipating the wants of customers, laying before them a full variety of textures, patterns and shades from which to choose, so that, when the excellence of the stock is considered, it is not surprising that rapids ales are made and general sat- isfaction given to buyers. Customers can here obtain a complete outfit, not alone of dress goods and notions, but many household articles, both 'for use and ornament. The leading specialties are dress fabrics and cloaks, suits and furs, while the splendid stock contains everything desirable in silks, satins, velvets and velveteens, ottomans, rhadamaux, all wool henriettas and serges, cashmeres and prints; linens, woolens and cQtton cloths; blankets, flannels and housekeeping goods; cloaks, suits and shawls plush and fur lined newmarkets, plush and seal- skin sacques, ulsters and raglans, cloth and plush wraps, cloth and plush Modjeskas. plush jackets and pea-sant coats, Jersey^ and Jersey waists, and cloaks for both misses, children and infants; fashionable seal gai'ments and the latest fur novelties, genuine Alaska seal wraps and jackets, seal dolmans and ulsters; muffs and boas and small furs of all kinds; the latest designs and pat- terns in Brussels, tapestry, ingrain and other carpet- ings from the best manufacturers; floor and table oU cloths, rugs and linoelums, mats and matting, window shades and wall papers, curtains and draperies, ladies' and gents' furnishing goods, hosiery, gloves and under- wear; shirts, collars and cuffs; corsets, bustles and dress trimmings; laces, ribbons and embroideries; and notions, fancy goods and small wares in bewildering variety and profusion. The success already achieved by this house is a striking instance of the willingness of the public to co- operate with the merchant whose endeavors are directed towards supplying his patrons with the best and latest in the market, and at the very lowest prices consistt-nt with the ideas of modern merchandising. The soil of public favor has been fertile in the extreme, and the popularity of the house is due largely to the ability of the firm to buy for cash in all the markets of the world, and to secure all novelties as fast as they appear, either at home or abroad. Nothing has been too fine or fashionable for them to buy, and shoppers in St. Johnsbury have an opportunity this season of making tlieir se- lections from a stock that is second to none in the state. This store is also becoming to be recognized as headquarters for bargains in all the above lines. The individual members of this enterprising firm are Messrs. F. H. & Oscar Lougee, of Laconia, N. H., and L. N. Smythe, of St. Johnsbury. The Messrs. Longee are extensively en- gaged in the same line of business at Laconia, while Mr. Smythe is the resident partner here, and brings to bear a wide range of ex- perience in catering to the demands of the fashionable public. W. C. TT ARXEK, Optician, Dealer in Watches, No. 63 East- ern Avenue. — Mr. Warner is by profession an optician, one of the best in St. Johnsbury, while his store, although it is not very large, is the headquarters for the fashionable people of this village. Mr. AVamer is also a dealer in fine watches, clocks, jewelry, wedding, en- gagement, seal, diamond, ruby, emerald and cameo rings, precious stqnes, bracelets, ear-rings, collar buttons, cuff buttons and links, studs, brooches, breast pins, chains, eye-glasses, spectacles, lorgn- ettes, telescopes, opera and field glasses, all kinds of optical goods, sporting goods, and base balls, clubs, nets, belts, blou.ses, masks, etc., fishing tackle, hooks, poles, flies, rods, etc. Mr. Warner's trade comes from the first families of this place and vicinity. He has an extensive repairing department for watches, clocks and jewelry, while he also deals heavily in books, stationery, cutlery and all kinds of musical merchandise, stringed instruments, etc. 180 INDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF THE ST. JOHNSBURY HOUSE, W. L. Krogman, Pro- prietor, Main Street, Opposite Post OfBce.— St. Johusbury is favored with the benefits and advantages derived from the possession of one of the best hotels in the state, of the type which illustrates the art of modem hotel keeping. We refer, of course, to the St. Johnsbury House, which has such an enviable reputation with all who have par- taken of its generous hospitality. This hotel is desirably situated on Main Street, near the head of Eastern Avenue, and commands a magnificent view of the village and all the surrounding country. The present proprietor, Mr. W. L. Krogman, of Boston, succeeded to the control in 1883, and has placed in charge of the hotel his brother, Mr. S. B. Krogman, who has made himself and the hotel pre-emi- nently popular with the traveling public. Management is the keynote of success in the record of any hotel, and so with the St. Johnsbury House. It was, therefore, a matter of appreciated importance when the Messrs. Krogman became identified with this old and famous hostelry, and from theirbook of experience as landlords here many a hotel man in our larger cities might well take a leaf. In size, beauty and equipment, this hotel ranks with any in Vermont. It is located opposite the post office, in the midst of the leading business houses of the place, near the court house, telegraph and telephone exchanges, the atheneum, the academy and the opera house, so that its guests have many conveniences and facilities in this way that are in themselves a strong attraction. The hotel is finely built, and attractive in appearance inwardly and outwardly. The offices, par- lors and halls are spacious and roomy, and are elegant in all their arrangements and appointments. First-class accommodations are provided for one hundred guests. A thorough system of organiza- tion is enforced by Mr. Krogman, who is no ornamental figure head, but a host in himself, who personally sees after the comfort of all his guests. The best table in St. Johnsbury — which means a great deal — is set right here at The St. Johnsbury House. Mr. Krogman is a liberal caterer. He believes in the best and plenty of it, and the cuisine of the house leaves nothing to be desired. A first-class livery is connected with the house, and guests are taken to and from the depot free of charge. Rates are very moderate for such elegant ac- commodations, and the patronage is large and influential at all seasons. Mr. Krogman has hosts of friends all over the country, who enjoy meeting him across the office counter, and their steady patronage is his best recommendation and his only needed endorse- ment. MOORX: & CO., Fire Insurance, No. 28 Eastern Avenue.— Our leading insurance companies invariably place their interests in the control of those gentlemen in every community who have secured an honorable reputation in that branch of business, and as an instance of this fact in St. Johnsbury, we refer our readers to the facilities offered them by the agency of Messrs. Moore & Co., at No. 28 Eastern Avenue. This firm are deservedly prominent and popu- lar as agents for both fire, life and accident insurance, and from the inception of their business they have commanded the confidence of the public by their prompt and equitable methods of adjustment, and the liberal, yet conservative policy which has ever characterized their transactions, so that at the present day they occupy a first- class position among our home institutions. As fire insurance agents they now represent the following well-known and powerful companies, viz. : the Norwich Union, the Lancashire, the Northern, the Phoenix and the Queen, of England; the Connecticut, and the National, of Hartford, Conn. ; the New England, of Rutland, Vt. ; the Granite State, of Portsmouth, N. H. ; and the Phenix, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Having absolute control of the business of these great cor- porations in this village and vicinity, Messrs. Moore & Co. are pre- pared to promptly place the largest risks, distributing the same in the most judicious and satisfactory manner, quoting the lowest rates of premium, and guaranteeing a speedy and liberal adjustment of all losses. They control the insuring of large lines of choice busi- ness and residential property in this section, and have made them- selves eminently popular with all classes of property holders. They are in a position to conduct all operations under the most favorable auspices, and are always prepared to grant policy-holders every possible advantage, and to place all transactions on a thoroughly substantial and satisfactory basis. They also represent the Mas- sachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co.. and the Travelers Life and Accident, of Hartforcl, Ct. They also do a large business in Lehigh and Lackawanna anthracite coal, and get their supplies from the standard mines of these popular coal regions of Pennsylvania. Mr. George P. Moore, the active member of the firm, is a prominent and highly esteemed citizen, a justice of the peace, and notary pub- lic, and an expert underwriter and adjuster, in whose hands the in- terests of the property holder are faithfully watched and intelli- gently promoted. He served in the late war from the beginning to the close, enlisting as a private in Company B, Bradford Guards, and closed his war career in the Eleventh Vernjont Regiment, being honorably discharged at the close of the conflict. OEORGE W. BONETT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in All Kinds of Fresh and Salt Meats, Choice Family Groceries, Canned Goods, Cigars, Tobacco, Etc., Produce Exchange, No. 40 Railroad Street.— Cleanliness, careful attention to securing and handling only the best qualities of commodities dealt in, and tasteful arrangement of a stock of goods, are the prime necessities prefacing a man's business prosperity. These attractive features win a good class of customers and it is the prime quality of the meats handled, together with the order and neatness noticeable in Mr. George W. Bonett's store, at No. 40 Railroad Street, that has enticed such a large and in- fluential class of customers to trade with him, since he established his store in 1888. He has a complete stock of choice family groceries, canned goods, cigars, produce and tobacco in the front part of his store, while in the rear he conducts a first-class meat room, where he keeps tender and delicious beef, mutton, lamb, pork, poultry and game, it being Mr. Bonetfs aim to always have a supply of fresh meats, lard, sausages, tripe, pigs' feet, spare ribs, roasts, broils, etc.. on hand. No one is a better judge of meat than Mr. Bon- ett either in the carcass, or the hoof, and he selects nothing but what is the choicest in quality to serve to his many patrons, who always rely on him for the best in town. In his grocery department he car- ries flour, cereals of all kinds, butter, eggs, cheese, the finest flavored tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa, pure spices, canned goods of the finest brands, jellies, syrup, sauces, all kinds of delicacies in table supplies, vegetables, fruits, confectionery, cigars and tobacco. He takes country produce in exchange for staple and fancy groceries, and en- joys a wide and remunerative trade. Mr. Bonett is a native of this village. He is in the prime of life, and by personal supervision and strict, honorable business methods has reached a stage of notable importance in trade circles. li. D. HAZEN, Manufacturer of Spruce, Hemlock and Hard Wood Lumber of All Kinds, Office at St. Johnsbury. — The leading representative of the wholesale lumber trade in St. Johnsburj^ is Mr. L. D. Hazen, whose long and honorable business career has been one of deserved success. He is widely prominent as a manufacturer of spruce, hemlock and hard wood lumber of all kinds, operating steam mills at Miles Pond. "Victory and Richford in this state, with main office at St. Johnsbury, opposite the depot. He established the busi- ness in 1870, and is emphatically a leader in the trade in northeast- ern Vermont, while his connections are as widespread as his facili- ties are perfect. He handles some twenty million feet of hard and soft lumber per year, in car lots only, and has a large and influential trade throughout all the New England states. The soundest judg- ment of expert lumbermen is employed to select his stock in the log and board, and he is always prepared to fill the largest orders— by the million feet if necessary — for the choicest clear stuff, sound and seasoned, and the patronage is drawn largely from leading dealers and consumers of high grade lumber and timber. The exigencies of the business require the services of six hundred men in the winter season, and three hundred on the average the year around. As the strongest, ablest and most experienced concern in the business, this house is in a position to offer inducements, as regards both relia- bility of supplies and liberality of terms and prices, which challenge comparison, and preclude successful competition. Mr. Hazen is a valued citizen of St. Johnsbury, and a prominent, public-spirited business man. He was born in Hartford. Vt., in 18.34. and has re- sided here since 187.5. He represented the town of Barnet in the state legislature of 1870. and was the member from St. Johnsbury in 1888; is vice-president of the Merchants' National Bank, and honored and esteemed in both financial, political and business circles. ST. JOHNSBURY, VERMONT. 181 J. S. ITIEIGS, Custom Tailor, Music Hall Block.— The marked improvements effected in the manufacture of male attire during recent years is especially noticeable, as the garments made to order in a first-class tailoring establishment in these days of tasteful attire are not only cut and designed with something like mathematical accuracy, but are likewise in workmanship, finish and material of a character utterly unknown a quarter of a century ago. An old es- tablished, popular, and admirably conducted house that for many years has been noted for its superior productions in this line in St. Johnsbury is that of Mr. J. S. Meigs, eligibly located in the Music Hall Block. This popular emporium of fashion in male garments was founded originally in 1874 by Mr. F. G. Stevens, and was conducted by him with eminent success and ability until August, 1890, when it passed into the control of the present proprietor, who is a native of Chicago and a resident here from 1873 to 1876, while preparing for college. He graduated at Princeton in 1880. He still retains Mr. Stevens as his practical manager, cutter, etc., whose ability as such is unsurpassed in this section of New England. The prem- ises utilized are spacious and commodious and comprise a very handsomely appointed salesroom with workshop attached, and em- ployment is given to none but most thoroughly skilled and experi- enced hands. In the salesroom will be found a full and complete assortment of the very best productions of English, French, German, and American looms, comprising broadcloths, beavers, cassimeres. Meltons, cheviots, tweeds, woolens, worsteds, etc., for overcoatings, suitings, trouserings, vestings, etc., in all the very latest and most fashionable patterns and styles, and from which patrons cannot fail to make a selection. These goods are made up to order promptly in the very latest and most desirable styles, unsurpassed and faultless in fit, finish, style and workmanship, the measuring, cutting and fit- ting being done by Mr. Stevens; and the operations of the workmen Are also conducted under his own personal supervision, while prices are exceedingly reasonable when the high character of the produc- tions is taken into consideration. Mr. Meigs is an enterprising, cour- teous and pleasant gentleman in social and business life, reliable and honorable in all his dealings, and his manager, Mr. Stevens, will be •always found indefatigable in his efforts to please all who may favor the house with their patronage A. Li. BAIIjKir, Pianos and Organs, Music Rooms, Eastern Avenue and Burlington. — The reputation enjoyed by St. Johnsbury as a musical center tells of a people who, in pursuit of music in its higher forms, have been liberal to the extreme in their subscriptions to every legitimate undertaking looking to the advancement of that noble profession. As the representative dealer in musical instru- ments in this section. Mr. A. L. Bailey, proprietor of " Bailey's Music Rooms " on Kastern Avenue, has done m'uch to foster and promote a love for the charming and indispensable accomplishment ■of music. An experience of over twenty years in the business has enabled Mr. Bailey to bring exceptional knowledge to his calling, -and the public, who for so long have- been the recipients of his enter- prise and sound judgment in catering to their wants, repose the utmost confidence in his representations and advice. His music store here was opened in 1870, by Messrs. Shorey & Bailey, and on the death of Mr. Shorey in 1873, Mr. Bailey succeeded to the sole con- trol. His spacious salesrooms are stocked to repletion with a splen- did line of pianos and organs, including the best makes, and ranging in value from the plain but substantial instrument to the most elab- -orate and costly imade. Mr. Bailey has the exclusive agency for over twenty different piano and organ manufacturers, and is there- fore in a position to challenge comparison as to quality and defy competition as to price. It is highly important in the purchase of such ai-ticles that the character of the dealer for fair and honest representation shall be above suspicion. Mr. Bailey bears an envia- ble name in musical and business circles all over the state, and his dealings among all classes are now accepted without discussion or -doubt. Prospective buyers will find at his warerooms all the most desirable and popular makes of pianos and organs from which to choose, while they have also the assistance of trustworthy and reliable musicians. Expert tuners are employed, instruments are sold on easy payments, and wants and tastes of all are met with promptness, courtesy and conscientious care. A branch house is operated at Burlington, and the business is broadly distributed over Vermont, New Hampshire and northern New York, requiring the ■constant services of sixteen more traveling salesmen. The position which Mr. Bailey has won in the musical and business world, places him far beyond the requirements of any praise which these pages could bestow, and it is suflBcient for our purpose to point out thus briefly the advantages gained by dealing with so popular a house. AVEIXUE HOVSIi:, Near the Depot, B. G. Howe, Proprietor. —The Avenue House at St. Johnsbury fills a niche in the esteem and popularity of this community and of the traveling public peculiarly its own. The substantial appearance of the house impres.ses the stranger at the first glance as being a first-class house in all respects, while its wide-open door reveals a cordial welcome and all the taste- ful comforts of a home. The present site of the house has been used for hotel purposes for many years, the original house being known as the Passuinpsic Hotel, which was rebuilt in 1869 and given its present name. In 1875 the present proprietor, Mr. B. G. Howe, suc- ceeded to the control, and has since added materially to its capacity and accommodations. The building now contains four stories and a basement, measuring 190 feet front on Railroad Street and 133 feet on Eastern Avenue, and has first-class accommodations for one hun- dred and fifty guests. It is the most eligibly located of any public house in town, being within one square of the depot, at the junction of two of the leading thoroughfares in the village, directly central to the business heart of the town, and convenient alike to the perma- nent patron, the commercial tourist and the transient guest. No luxury afforded in situation, surrundings, modern conveniences and expert management in any hotel in the state is lacking at the Avenue. It is heated by steam, lighted by gas and electricity, and a good livery and sample rooms are connected, while there is a barber shop in the building and an oyster saloon in the basement. Alto- gether no expense has been spared in any particular, and this, coupled with the experiences and practical knowledge displayed in the general arrangements, has resulted in as near perfection in all details as can be desired. The cuisine is worthy of special commend- dation, being under the most experienced management and kept up to the highest standard of excellence, and everything of the best that the market can furnish is to be found in the menu. Prices are made invariably satisfactory to guests, and a stay under the hospita- ble roof of the Avenue House is always remembered as a pleasant experience. Mr. Howe is a hotel man of thirty years experience, and knows its every need and requirement. He was born in Salem, N. H., and for fifteen years previous to his coming here was in a hotel at Andover, N. H. . He is still in the early prime of life, an indefatigable worker who personally sees after the comfort of all his guests, and is fortunate in his clerk, Mr. Hiram Goss; while he has made the Avenue House noted from Boston to Montreal, and from Portland on the east to Ogdensburg on the west. Its patronage be- speaks its popularity and assures its permanent success. GRISTTOLD, PEARIi & €0., Opposite Passenger Depot, Wholesale Dealers in Flour, Grain, Feed, Kerosene and Lubricating Oil.— The facilities enjoyed by St. Johnsbury as a distributing market for flour, grain and feed have been such as to greatly promote the prosecution of the business of handling these staple products. The enterprise of Messrs. Griswold, Pearl & Co. in this direction is es- pecially noteworthy and has given them a wide reputation, and a large and increasing trade. This firm are extensive wholesale deal- ers in flour, grain, feed, kerosene and lubricating oil. The business was founded in 1887, and its history from its inception has been that of continued success. The premises occupied comprise three floors and a basement, 100 x 50 feet in dimensions, finely located opposite the depot and their trade extends from Sherbrooke to White River Junction, from Swanton to the White Mountains, from Groveton Junction to Concord, N. H., and from St. Johnsbury to Montreal. They are in daily receipt of shipments from the best flouring mills of the west and from the best producing districts of the country, buy all their goods direct from flrst hands and producers, and are enabled to furnish the trade with the best goods in the market at the lowest possible prices. They enjoy a large and permanent patronage and have the most extensive concern of its line in town. Mr. E. F. Gris- wold, the senior member of the firm, is a native of New Hampshire, and sustains an excellent reputation in the community. Mr. W. L. Pearl is a native of Sheffield, Vt., and Mr. Mackinnon. of Ireland, but has been a resident of St. Johnsbury twenty-seven years. The mem- bers of the firm are all long residents of the town and closely identi- tified with the commercial advancement of this community. 182 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF H. J. GOODRICH & CO., Manufacturers of Tin, Sheet Iron, and Copper Ware, also Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces and Heaters of All Kinds. Practical Plumbing a Specialty, No. 89 Railroad Street.— Commercial enterprises of modern times embrace many features of practical utility, but none which deserve higher consideration or merit than those which relate to the home, its com- forts aud conveniences. Among such may be mentioned the house of Messrs. H. J. Goodrich & Co. , whose well-known and popular estab- lishment is located at No. 89 Railroad Street, where a large stock of stoves, ranges, furnaces and heaters are constantly- kept for sale. The firm manufacture tin. sheet iron, and copper ware aud make a specialty of practical plumbing. In stoves, ranges and furnaces their stock embraces all the latest and most improved styles. In tin, sheet-iron and copper work this house occupies an unquestionable position at the head of the trade from which they are abundantly able to make good their claim for accomplishing the be.st and most thorough work to be found in any locality. The premises occupied for trade purposes consist of two floors, 20 x 72 feet in dimensions, with a large workshop in the rear. These are filled with goods per- taining to the foregoing lines, and as the firm have made a practice of purchasing all goods direct from the manufacturers for cash, they necessarily obtain the lowest prices, and are consequently enabled to sell at prices which preclude competition. Six employees find oc- cupation here in manufacturing and carrying on the special features which have redoimded so largely to its success. They are agents for the Spence Hot Water Heaters, manufactured by the National Hot VVater Heater Company, of Boston and Chicago, which is acknowl edged by steam fitters and othei-s interested in house heating, to be the cheapest and best heater now in use, combining as it does with simplicity and durability the maximum of heating capacity with the greatest economy of fuel. The members of the firm are Mr. H. J. Goodrich, who is a native of Montpelier and a practical tinsmith; Mr. A. Moulton, a native of Plainfleld, Vt., and a machinist and engineer. Both gentlemen are full of energy and enterprise, courteous to pa- trons, and are men with whom it is pleasant and profitable to establish business relations. E:. C. brooks, Merchant Tailor, No. 64 Railroad Street.— Few establishments in mercantile life occupy more general attention in these days of tasteful attire than that devoted to the sale and manu- facture of male garments, for at no period during its entire history has the tailors' art been so highly appreciated or so well understood as at the present day. The most popular, leading and prosperous house devoted to this important branch of industry in St. Johnsbury, justly deserving the widespread and enviable reputation it enjoys for A 1 productions and honorable, straightforward business meth- ods is that of Mr. E. C. Brooks, merchant tailor, whose ably con- ducted establishment is desirably located at No. 64 Railroad Street.. Mr. Brooks is a native of New Hampshire and has been a resident here for some years. Having acquired a thorough knowledge of this, business by continuous service aud practical experience since 1873, he established this enterprise on his own responsibility in 1886, which at once secured an enduring hold on public favor that soon, developed into a very large and influential trade derived from among our most refined and intelligent people, and owing to its con- tinual incj-ease in volume he was compelled to seek more commodi- ous quarters, and in January, 1890, he removed to his present loca- tion. The premises utilized are of ample dimensions, neatly and at- tractively appointed and fitted up with every convenience for the- advantageous display of his large and valuable assortment of goods, and their inspection by patrons, while his workshop is in the rear- where employment is furnished to a force of fourteen thoroughly skilled and experienced hands, whose operations are conducted, under his immediate, personal supervision. His stock embraces a, full and most carefully selected line of French, German, English and domestic broadcloths, beavers, cassimeres, meltons, cheviots, tweeds,, woolens, worsteds, etc., in all the very latest and most fashionable patterns and seasonable for overcoatings, suitings, trouserings and vestings from which patrons cannot fail to make a selection. These goods are made up to order by measure at the shortest notice in the very latest fashionable styles, the proprietor giving his personal at- tention to the mea.suring, cutting and fitting, and satisfaction is guar- anteed as to fit. finish, elegance and workmanship, while his prices, are very reasonable. His trade is not confined to St. Johnsbury but, extends throughout this state, New Hampshire and other sections of the country, and is constantly increasing. Mr. Brooks is a pleasant, courteous and enterprising gentleman, devoted to his business and. enjoys the fullest confidence of all with whom he has any social or- business relations. C. E. DICKERMAN'S Photographic Studio.— In this town about the oldest established photograph gallery is that of whichi Mr. C. E. Dickerman is the present experienced and accomplished proprietor. He is not only a practical man and master of his art, but is provided with every modern appliance that may be used to- advantage in the production of fine portrait work, in which branch of his profession he is unexcelled. The studio occupied is finely appointed, the reception room is handsomely furnished, and the- operating and finishing rooms are perfectly equipped with ever^'- thing requisite for the production of the very highest class of work. The fine portrait work in cabinets, panels, etc., and the beauty and artistic finish in oil, crayon, pastels, water colors, ink. and landscape- work are perfect in every respect, while the finest display of views. to be found in this town are on exhibition here. The most satisfac- tory results are always reached in portraiture, and all branches of" the photographic art, all the processes of production being directed with experience, excellent judgment and marked good taste. This, establishment was originally founded twenty years ago by 3Ir. Clifford, who was succeeded in 1S87 by the present proprietor. Mr. Dickerman is a native of Massachusetts, a man of able management, and practical experience, who offers advantages to his large circle of' patrons, that must certainly inure to their benefit. MRS. M. B. DKAN, Dry Goods, Fancy Goods and Human. Hair, No. 80 Eastern Avenue.— Among the most prominent ladies in- business 'in St. Johnsbury is Mrs. M. B. Dean of No. 80 Eastern Avenue. She has one of the most beautifully arranged and attract- ive stores in town, where she deals in dry and fancy goods and human hair, the only store in eastern Vermont devoted to the human, hair trade. She makes this work a specialty, being a practical, worker in human hair from which .she makes switches, bangs, wigs, curls, front pieces, etc. Mrs. Dean carries a complete line of cal- icos, cloths, ladies' underwear, hose, ribbons, fancy goods, lac^s, gloves, collars, cuffs, notions, toilet articles, embroidery, cushions, tidies, work baskets, pins, needles, ornaments, jewelry, crewels, yarns, silk twist, and in fact everything that is necessary to stock a. flrst-class store. Her place is only 20 x 40 feet, but it is finely stocked and with the best goods in the market, well displayed. Mrs. Dean established her business in 1873. She is one of the brightest business women in St. Johnsbury and noted as being most honorable and up- right. ST. JOHNSBURY, VERMONT. 183 MIIiliER & BY AN, Manufacturers of Carriages and Sleighs, and Dealers in Carriage Stock and Patent Buggy Tops, Corner Rail- road and Portland Streets.— To the United States belongs tlie honor of introducing nearly all the improvements that have latterly been made in the carriage and wagon building of the world. The perfec- tion of the art is the combination of the greatest possible strength and elegant finish with the least possible weight and ease of draft. Among those houses that are in the van of progression in St. Johns- bury in the manufacture of first-class carriages, etc., is the old estab- ished and representative firm of Messrs. Miller & Ryan, whose fac- tory and salesroom are located at the corner of Railroad and Port- land Streets. This widely known and reliable house was established in 1840 by Mr. John D. Miller, and in 1880 Mr. J. H. Ryan was admit- ted to partnership and the present firm name was adopted. The premises occupied comprise a spacious, three-story factory, 35 x 100 feet in dimensions, with an ell 60 x 35 feet in dimensions, and a store- house measuring 45 x 75 feet, and a storage house besides, 90 x 40 and three stories high. The factory is equipped with all the latest im- proved tools, machinery, and appliances known to the trade. The carriages, wagons, buggies, and sleighs manufactured by this firm are unsurpassed for strength, lightness and elegance, and are the em- bodiments of mechanical workmanship of the highest order of per- fection. Wherever introduced these buggies and carriages are gen- eral favorites, and are without exception the best in the market. A visit to the factory will at once satisfy purchasers and their friends, that the productions of this house are without rival and justly merit the commendations bestowed upon them by the trade and public. They manufacture about 250 buggies per year and deal largely in carriage stock and patent buggy tops. The trade is large and yearly increasing and their goods are sent to all parts of the United States. They do not endeavor to compete with that class of work that necessitates the most miserly cutting down in the quality of both material and labor, to see how cheap, wood, iron and putty can be thrown into the shape of a buggy, nor pretend to sell at less price than the material in a good job would cost. They are laying the foundation for a permanent trade, and know that to gain the class of custom necessary to maintain a permanent business there are other considerations beside cheapness. To make this class of work requires the very best material, great care in workmanship, advanc- ing good taste in style and finish, and they have justly earned a rep- utation on these most essential points that stands above all compe- tition. Their facilities are now better than ever before, and we can confidently say that should you be pleased to favor them with your patronage you will not be disappointed. Mr. J. D. Miller is a native of Dummerston, Vt.. and has had over fifty years experience in the business. .Mr. J. H. Ryan is a native of Northfleld, Vt. and is.'an ener- getic, practical man. Both gentlemen are- highly esteemed in the community for their strict integrity. C H. 0.\GIiEY, Leading Dealer in Fine Boots and Shoes, Nos. 66 and 68 Railroad Street.— One of the largest and leading houses engaged in the boot and shoe trade in this town, and deserving of special mention is that of Mr. C. H. Bagley, which holds a represent- ative position among our best business concerns, in consequence of the superior character of its products and reliability. This house was originally established in 1886 under the name of Pryor & Bagley, but three years after the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Bagley assumed entire control. The premises occupied are spacious and commodious, covering an area of 40 x 40 feet, which are handsomely furnished and appointed for the handling of stock and the con- venience of customers. Here will be found at all times a full and complete assortment of fine and medium grades of boots, shoes, rubbers, gaiters and slippers for men, youths and boys, also every- thing that is new and fashionable from the strongest walking boot or school shoe to the most delicately made kid or satin slipper for ladies, misses and children. A specialty is made of the W. L. Doug- las three dollar shoes and other celebrated manufactures. All of these goods are made from the very best quality of materials, while they are stylish and perfectly comfortable in fit, and the workman- ship is of the highest excellence. Repairing also receives prompt attention, and a large and influential trade has been secured through- out this town and suburban districts. Mr. Bagley is a native of St. Johnsbury, a most popular and successful business merchant, who was formerly employed on the railroad for twenty-five years before embarking in this enterprise. T. C. SPENCER, Watches, Jewelry, Silverware, No. 49 Rail, road Street. — Foremost among the mercantile establishments of St . Johnsbury is the well-known, popular house of Mr. T. C. Spen- cer. It was established in 1870, but the present proprietor succeeded to the control in 1877. The store is 25 x 75 feet in dimensions, hand- somely and conveniently furnished, having very heavy safes, wall cabinets and plate glass show-cases. The stock, which is very com- plete, embraces every description of jewelry, watches, clocks, bronzes, diamonds, and precious stones, solid sterling silver and plated ware, charms, and art goods generally. The assortments are full and wonderfully varied, exhibiting the most pleasing range in degree and finish and comprehending the choicest creations of home and European skill. In securing the stock, the proprietor, or a reli- able representative, visits all the leading sources of manufacture, in- spects the novelties, and leaves particular instructions for the ship- ment to the concern of everything late and elegant as soon as it leaves the hands of the artist. A large and influential patronage has been built up, and great numbers of the best classes of society make this their exclusive source of supply. All kinds of repairing is neatly and promptly done at reasonable prices. Mr. T. C. Spencer is a native of St. Johnsbury, a practical jeweler and highly respected in the community for his honorable business methods. BOYNTON & CAIiDEBTVOOD, Druggists and Apotheca- ries, Dealers in Paints, Oils, Etc., No. 83 Railroad Street.— Prominent among the best known and most popular drug stores in St. Johns- bury is that conducted by Messrs. Boynton & Calderwood at No. 83 Railroad Street, an establishment which, although founded as late as 1887 has already built up a large and rapidly increasing business and placed itself in the full confidence of the public. The store and base- ment occupied by this firm are 30 x 60 feet in dimensions, and at- tractive and convenient in all their appointments. A large and com- prehensive stock is carried of drugs, medicines, chemicals, etc., toilet and fancy goods, wall papers, candy, cigars and druggists' sundries of every description, the assortment being one of the most carefully selected to be found anywhere. A fine soda fountain is one of the attractions of this popular establishment, and they make a specialty of compounding physicians' prescriptions, and as all details of the business are under the personal supervision of the proprietors, the utmost accuracy is invariably assured. A competent force of clerks and salesmen give prompt attention to those general duties that make communications with the house both pleasant and profitable. Mr. C. F. Boynton and H. S. Calderwood, M. D., are both natives of St. Johnsbury. Mr. Boynton is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Dr. Calderwood of the F. and A. M. The latter gentleman is now a prac- ticing physician of excellent reputation and eminently popular with all patrons. MBS. HEIiEN F. CABPENTER, Art Embroidery Ma- terial, Stamping a Specialty, No. 87 Eastern Avenue.— Decorative art has entered into the American household to such an extent that it is now rightly considered a part of the housewife's education. Cer- tainly no lady can call herself accomplished, until she has first com- pletely mastered the principles of decorative art. These include art embroidery, in which material Mrs. Helen F. Carpenter is a dealer at No. 87 Eastern Avenue, in St. Johnsbury. She also makes stamping a specialty. Her store is one of the handsomest and most exquisitely arranged in Vermont. Her show windows, cases, shelves and coun- ters evince the most artistic and elegant taste, the various appoint- ments making Mrs. Carpenter's store a veritable boudoir of art. She employs a competent force of skillful persons in her work and has on sale highly attractive samples of fancy goods, art embroidery, stamped articles, etc., such as are purchased by the first families, while her goods and prices are adapted to people of limited means as well. Hers is one of the leading places of the kind in the city, while her goods, fancy articles, ladies ornaments, laces, gloves, etc., are of the very finest and most expensive quality. Mrs. Cai-penter finds that the best goods at the best prices yield the best satisfaction, and in this way she has made herself well known and popular. Be- sides, she is a most honorable business woman, as her career since her establishment in 1884 is ample evidence. 184 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF JAS. C. MOORE, Hard and Wooden Ware, Carpenters' Tools, Cutlery, Agricultural Implements, Etc., No. (53 Railroad Street.— A leading headquarters in this line of trade in St. Johnsbury is the establishment of Mr. James C. Moore, dealer in hard and wooden ware, carpenter' tools, cutlery, and agricultural implements. The business was established in 1881, and the premises occupied comprise a store and basement, 20 x 60 feet in dimensions, with a large store- house outside which gives ample accommodations for the manipu- lation and display of the large stock constantly carried. The assort- ment partakes of so useful a character as to claim universal atten- tion and general patronage. It combines everything known to the trade in manufacturers' supplies, heavy and shelf hardware, cutlery and tools, and house furnishing goods of the best makes, which are purchased direct from producers at the most advantageous rates, and are offered to customers at prices rarely duplicated by compet- ing houses. Mr. Moore is the agent in this city for the Champion horse rake and the Spicer hay tedder. He has established a large and influential trade and is prepared at all times to supply his cus- tomers in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. He is a native of Bradford, Vt., and a prominent and popular business man. JUKS. E. C. PIERCE, Millinery and Fancy Goods, No. 43 Main Street.— A most successful and enterprising establishment in this town, devoted to the sale of millinery and fancy goods is that of Mrs. E. C. Pierce. The business was originally established in 1880 by Miss E. J. Bobbins, who, the present year was succeeded by Mrs. Price. The stock carried in this popular store is large and varied in its assortment, a very handsome display being made of both trimmed and untrimmed hats, ribbons, silks, gloves, etc. In short, all kinds of millinery goods and fancy articles, which are un- surpassed by any contemporary house in town. All the latest nov- elties of the season, purchased direct from the leading manufactur- ers and dealers in New York and Boston, are brought out as soon as introduced, and offered for sale at the lowest possible prices. The most fashionable hats and bonnets are trimmed to order at the shortest notice, in strict accord with Parisian and New York designs. Three competent and skilled assistants are employed, and this house enjoys the reputation of being the most popular headquarters for millinery in this vicinity, the trade being large, permanent and influ- ential. Mrs. Pierce is a most popular and skilled milliner, a woman of superior taste and judgment who devotes her untiring efforts to supply the demands of her patrons. A. M. GOODRICH, Tailor.— The ably conducted and well stocked merchant tailoring establishment of which Mr. A. M. Good- rich is the efficient proprietor, was established in March, 1889, and from the beginning of its existence it has enjoyed an enviable and exemplary reputation as a reliable and leading house in this town, where a steadily increasing trade of great magnitude is being built up. The premises occupied are ample and commodious in dimen- sions, comprising one floor, divided into salesroom and workshop, admirably arranged and fully equipped for the transaction of this particular business in all its branches in the most successful and ex- peditious manner. Here may be found a varied and comprehensive assortment of imported and domestic manufactured cloths, cassi- meres, vestings, suitings, serges, etc., which cannot fail to please the most fastidious taste, while a force of seven experienced tailors is employed in manufacturing perfect fitting and elegantly made gar- ments in every style and variety. All orders receive the most prompt and careful consideration, and prices are low considering the character of the woi-k. Mr. Goodrich is a young man of practical experience in this line of trade, and guarantees to his many patrons in every instance perfect satisfaction as to fit, finish and workman- ship. He is a native of Hardwick, Vt. C. E. KIRK, Proprietor of the St. Johnsbury House Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, No 12 Central Street. — It is the aim of every first-class hotel to extend every possible accommodation to its guests, which in all instances includes a well-conducted livery, feed and sale Stable. This necessity has not been overlooked by the St. Johnsbury House, whose excellent stables are under the proprietorship of Mr. C. E. Kirk, of No. 12 Central Street. He established his stables in 1885, and has one of the largest, best stocked barns in this vicinity, in the rear of the St. Johnsbury House. Mr. Kirk has twenty-two stalls and keeps fifteen horses to hire. His stock is gentle, well broken, well fed and sleekly groomed, and he turns out some of the finest rigs in town, not even excelled by private turn-outs. His horses are ready to use as double teams, single roadsters or saddle hoi-ses. His buggies, carriages, harnesses, whips, robes, rugs, blank- ets, saddles and bridles are always in bright, trim order, thus render- ing his stables the leading ones in his line of business in town. Like all men who are born in Vermont, Mr. Kirk has the true instinct of a good horseman. He is a lover of fine stock and devotes his personal attention to the proper care of his stables. In his business relations, Mr. Kirk is upright and honorable, while he has made himself very popular in all quarters. His patronage is extensive and profitable. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF HARDWICK. I I^HE town of Hardwick is located in the western part of Caledonia county and is •^m'p- bounded on the northeast by Greensboro, southeast by Walden, southwest by Wood- ^^^^ bury, and northwest by Wolcott. It is 21 miles from Montpelier and 22 miles from St. Johnsbury. "^P" The town was granted November 7, 1780 and chartered August 19, 1781 to " Dan- ^J forth Keyes and his associates." The first permanent settlement was made in the year 1790, by a family, or several families by the name of Norris from New Hampshire. Several families by the name of Sabin came soon after, among whom was Mr. Gideon Sabin, whose wife was the mother of twenty-six children. The town was organized in 1795. ^^"^ Spooner was the first town clerk also the first representative. The first child born in town was Jonas Bundy Hardwick, son of Nathaniel Norris. Soon after the settlement commenced, the Baptists formed the first religious society H A 11 D W I C K , VERMONT, 185 and in 1804 a Congregational Church was organized, which at first consisted of twelve members. The town according to the last census had a population of 1,484. It has three churches. A'iz.: the Advent, Baptist, and Methodist ; two first-class hotels, and is the site of Hardwick Academy, an excellently conducted institution. The surface of the town is pleasantly diversified with large swells and vales, but no part of it is mountainous. The Lamoille River, which enters the town from Greensborough, and taking a circuitous route, passes through it to Wolcott, furnishes abundant water-power fbr the numerous manufactories located here. The rocks are granite, gray limestone, slate and quartz, with fine specimens of rock crystal. Several granite quarries have been opened here recently and are being worked to considerable extent. The Hardwick granite is generally conceded to be as fine as any found in the state. Its component parts are distinctly granular and evenly mixed throughout; and it contains less mica than other granites. It is remarkably clear and even in texture, is susceptible of the highest polish, is perfectly uniform in color, and the con- trast between the hammered and polished surfaces is great, thereby rendering the product beau- tiful as well as valuable. Lumber is extensively manufactured here, also sash, doors, flour and feed. The advantages of Hardwick as a manufacturing center are great. It is located on the line of the Vermont division of the Boston and Maine Railroad, and is thus supplied with excellent transportation facilities while the low prices of land for factory sites, the cheap rents and cost of living, healthful climate and other considerations, point to Hardwick as the scene of future operations which will give the town pre-eminence among the great sources of supply of manufactured articles of every description in Vermont, The people are remarkably public spirited and extend to those who seek profitable investments and pleasant homes, a cordial welcome. WOODBURY GRANITE COMPANY, Producers of Mountain and Lake Granite.— Considering the comparatively short time of its establishment, the extensive operations of the Wood- bury Granite Company are a substantial testimony to the excellent quality of the mountain and lake granite of their production; and of this, ample corroborative evidence is to be seen in the very gen- eral use to which their granite is now put by builders, contractors and others all over the country. The company was incorporated in 1887, under the laws of the state of "Vermont, with a working capi- tal of $200,000, and the general office and quarries are situated at Woodbury, Vt., and the branch office at Hardwick. The granite produced is of a very fine quality, of a dark color and beautifully marked; its character being eminently suited for the best grades of arches, pillars, stair cases, tablets, slabs, tombs, head-stones, ar.d all lines of fine masonry, being capable of the highest polish and the most delicate chiselling. The intrinsic merits of this dark granite as well as the commensurate cheapness at which the company is ena- bled to offer it, have resulted in a steady and constant demand being made upon the resources of the quarry by the trade generally, being now of such a volume as to necessitate the regular employment of fifty competent workers, who, furnished with a complete equip- ment of tools and appliances incidental to the business, are kept busily engaged the week through, and lend to the quarries a brisk and lively appearance. The officers, who are solely responsible for the very able and essentially successful management of the enter- prise.are, George O. Woodcock, of Manchester Depot. Vt.. president; Charles A. Watson, vice-president and clerk; W. H. Fullerton. a native of Hebron, N. Y., and ex-representative of the state legis- lature from Jlanchester in 1884, treasurer and general manager. The branch office in Hardwick is situated in the Centennial House. Mr. Charles D. Sandford, who is well-known in the marble trade, has charge in absence of the superintendent. THE RED DRUG STORE, H. R. Kimball. Proprietor.— An establishment that quickly became known by its novel title is Mr. H. R. Kimball's Red Drug Store, and its commandingly located prem- ises have also become a highly popular resort in time of need for drugs, chemicals and patent medicines, although the business only had its inception in 1890. The stock of drugs and chemicals carried is very comprehensive, embracing all those in general request, whilst high quality and uniform purity is a distinguishing characteristic in all varieties, no pains being spared in obtaining supplies from the most eminent of chemical manufacturing houses, while the prices quoted are as low as is at all compatible with really high grade and reliable goods. In the long list of proprietary articles carried the same scrupulous care is taken in the selection, and while it is quite impossible for any druggist or drug dealer to pretend to exercise a complete censorship in such matters, any patent medicines known to be of a doubtfully empirical character or to contain deleterious in- gredients are rigidly excluded. In addition to these goods a very large and well chosen assortment of fancy articles and stationery is carried, and the patronage secured in each department is of a most encouraging kind, and is a very practical recognition of the thorough businesslike management of the proprietor. The popular store, 20 X 30 feet in size, is handsomely appointed and heavily stocked, and the brisk business that results, keeps the proprietor and his two competent clerks steadily employed. They have just added an ele- gant wall soda water fountain, which Is an ornament to the store. A. N. JACKSON, Dentist.— The dental profession has a thor- oughly representative exponent in Hardwick in the person of Dr. A. N. Jackson, formerly of BTorey, 111. He occupies elegant parlors which are eligibly located and fitted up with the most modern and improved appliances and devices known to the profession. He ha.s a large, liberal and influential patronage derived from the best classes in the community and his clientele is steadily increasing. He is a skilled dentist of great experience and ability, and carries on all operations of the profession in the most approved manner. Teeth are extracted painlessly, while the unpleasant operation of filling is conducted in such a manner as to occasion the minimum of discom- fort to the patient. Artificial work is promptly performed in the most skillful manner and at moderate prices, either whole or partial sets being furnished at short notice, and easy fits being guaranteed. Dr. Jackson is one of the best known and most popular residents of of Hardwick. 186 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF IiAWSON & DAVIS, Hardwick and Woodbury Granite Mon- uiueuts, and all Cemetery Work.— A flrui -who by close application and persistent endeavors to give unqualified satisfaction in all work undertaken, have come rapidly to the front ranks of the trade is that of ^lessrs. Lawson & Davis, of Hardwick, dealers in Hardwick and Woodbury granite monuments and all kinds of cemetery work. This business was established in 188!), by Messrs. Lawson . Itt. SIL.SBY, Livery Stables, Lyndonville. — The largest livery stable in the town, and unquestionably one of the most popular in his section of the state, is that of Mr. D. M. Silsby, which during the five years that it has been under the conscientious direction of its experienced founder, has well merited the high estimation in which it is held on all hands, and in reference to each of its departments. The well founded stables, so arranged as to comply with the most exacting demands of advanced sanitarians, light, airy, and well ven- tilated, and kept clean and sweet in a style that elicits the unquali- fied satisfaction of the most critical of patrons, and offer excellent accommodation for the boarding of a large number of horses, in addition to the sixteen fine animals owned by the firm, and the nu- merous others that are temporarily accommodated from day to day. The vehicles for hire are, in their appointments, fully in keeping with all other features of the establishment, which is known as one where the equine race are well groomed and liberally and judici- ously fed, two grooms and stablemen being regularly employed. Mr. D. M. Silsby was born in Luenberg, Vt., and is widely and favorably known throughout this neighborhood. AARON TWOMBIjY, Dry, Fancy, and Gents' Furnishing Goods. — Lyndonville is well provided for in the matter of dry, fancy and gents' furnishing goods, quite a number of its traders making this one of their departments, but there are few who in any real sense make it their specialty, and none which the firm of Mr. Aaron Twombly will consent, or could reasonably be asked to ac- knowledge as rivals in either the completeness with which the trade is represented at its establishment, in the choiceness of the goods dis- played in its handsome show windows or carried in bulk, or in the great inducements it is able to offer to purchasers of high grade goods such as collars, white and colored shirts, underwear, silk and cam- bric handkerchiefs, etc. They also carry a fine line of clothing and boots and shoes in great variety and. indeed in every description of goods that go to make up a complete gents' outfitting emporium. The business was founded in 1875, and the store, 30 x 40 feet in sire, is fitted up in a style fully in character with the high grades of goods handled. A continuance and an increase of this liberal support is encouraged and promoted by the giving of high money value, and a sedulous watchfulness in order to meet and provide for the exact wishes of patrons, a work in which the principal is ably assisted by two trained employees, who, with him, give courteous attention to all who visit the establishment. F. IS. S1NEL.L.ING, Photographer, Lyndonville. — A great and valued accession to the town is that of the extensive, well equipped, and ably directed photograph gallery of Mr. F. B. Snelling, founded in 1890; the largest establishment of its kind in this section. The gallery, studio, and developing apartments include four rooms, the former being sumptuously furnished, and the latter provided with all the latest appliances for the pursuit of the art in its various rami- fications under the most favorable conditions, such as conduce to the highest grade of work at strictly moderate figures. All branches of the photographic art are represented, inclusive of the production of carte de visite, cabinet and enlarged portraits in plain or water- colors; pastels, crayons, landscape and other pictures, and theexpo- nency of the artistic profession is of so high an order that a very large share of the work of the vicinity falls to the house, the proprie- tor being assisted by two expert helpers, but always performing the more responsible and difficult labors personally. Mr. F. B. Snelling, who was formerly in business in Massachusetts, was born in Vermont, and is well known and highly respected in this town and vicinity. INDUSTRIES AND WEMTH OF BENNINGTON. I'tfjjl ENNINGTON is situated in the southwest corner of the state, about thirty miles from Troy, with which it is connected by the Lebanon Springs Railroad and the Troy and Boston Road. Rich in its agricultural, mineral, manufacturing and mechanical productions, this town was for many years the largest and most wealthy town in the state, and it con- tinued to exceed that of any other until after the year 1820, when Rutland, Windsor, and Burlington began to compete with it. In 1880, the population of Bennington was 6,380. It has three principal villages, Bennington proper, formerly designated as Bennington East Village, Bennington Center and North Bennington. Bennington has the principal postofifice, and the village bears the name of the town, as the result of a protracted, though successful struggle between this and the center village, remarkable for the vigor and tenacity with which it was prosecuted on both sides. The feeling which dis- tinguished that contest has long since passed away and the utmost harmony pervades the towns so far as local interests are concerned. The village was incorporated by act of General Assem- bly in 1848, with seven wards. It contains the Court House, Clerk's Office and Jail for the southern district of the county. The village supports a Baptist, Congregational, Methodist, Episcopal, Roman Catholic and French Catholic Church, one Savings and two National Banks, a Free Library and various institutions, while as a manufacturing point it has become famous in all parts of the country. The otreets are lighted by electric lights, and there are two excellent weekly papers, the Banner and the Refjrvicr. Bennington is easily reached by means of vari- ous RAILROAD LINES including the Fitchburg, the Bennington and Rutland Railway, and the Lebanon Springs Railroad. The Bennington and Glastonbury R. R. runs from Bennington, eight miles up the mountains, — 1.600 feet. Bennington has many important MANUFACTURING INTERESTS and about one third of its population find employment in the various establishments. The products embrace knit goods, knitting machinery, light hardwares, knitting needles, powder mill machinery, various commodities in wood, etc. 188 ' BENNINGTON, VERMONT. 18» Main St., Showing Putnam House. 190 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF BENNINGTON, V T. THE SCHOOL SYSTEM of Bennington is equal, if not superior to any in the state. A fine brick building has been erected, two stories in height covered with a Mansard roof. The school is supplied with valuable apparatus and library. A classical course of study can be obtained here which gives thorough preparation for admission to college. The Village Improvement Society is composed of wealthy and prominent citizens and has for its object the improvement of the village in the way of pavements, water-works, etc. The Free Library was established through the munificence of Messrs. S. B. Hunt and Trenor W. Park in 1865. These gentlemen presented the library building and 1,300 carefully selected volumes to the citizens and named five gentlemen as trustees to control the property. The lib- rary now contains 6000 volumes. The elegant summer home of the late Seth B. Hunt of New York City, with two hundred acres of land, was donated to the state by the heirs of the late Trenor W. Park for a "Soldiers' Home." It is now occupied by 100 veterans of the war of the rebellion. BENNINGTON BATTLE MONUMENT. In commemoration of General Stark's victory, August i6, 1777, a handsome monument is being erected at State Arms Hill on the site of the Continental Store House at Bennington Center, and is a simple shaft in the form of an obelisk, 301 feet in height, the material being magnesiark limestone. BENNINGTON CENTER. Bennington Center was the first place in Vermont to earn the title of village, and during the Revolution it was the most important village in the state. In the burial ground adjoining, sleep the thirty heroes killed at the battle of Bennington. Here at the "Catamount Tavern" the first session of the Vermont Legislature was organized. The Council of Safety met here during the dark days of the Revolution. This town so beautifully situated and possessing so many advantages as a manufacturing town is a most desirable place in which to establish a home, or create a manufacturing plant of any magnitude. BENNINGTON G. B. SIBIjSY, Manufacturer of Brush Bridles or Binders, also Manufacturer of Custom Made Clothing and Dealer in Ready Made Clothing, Broadcloths, Cassimeres, Hats, Caps, Gents' Furnish- ing Goods, Etc., Nos. 501 and 505 Main Street.— One of the most im- portant business men of Bennington is Mr. G. Byron Sibley, a manu- facturer of brush bridles or binders, also, manufacturer of custom made clothing and dealer in broadcloths, cassimeres, hats, caps, gentlemen's furnishing goods, etc., at Nos. 501 and 505 Main Street. He established his business in 1860, beginning in a small room in another location, and in 1868, moving to his present quarters. He has so increased his business that he now occupies a fine corner store, 65 x 75 feet, this being the largest store in town, neat, finely arranged and electric lighted. He employs five persons in his store and three tailors, while he conducts a very extensive trade. In the rear of his place is his brush bridle factory, the binders being Mr. Sibley's own invention and patent. He began this industry about a year ago, and he sees a great future for it. He sells clothing, coats, top and great coats, trousers, waistcoats, hats, caps, collars, cuffs, cravats, underwear, etc. Mr. Sibley began life by learning the potters' trade with the U. S. Pottery Company, and before entering his present business, was a clerk in various stores. He is an enter- prising man in public affairs, and has held several town ofHces. His position as a merchant and manufacturer, however, is by no means the end of his attainments. He is one of the best known secret society men in the -state, being a thirty-second degree Mason and the T. P. G. M. of Bennington Lodge of Perfection A. A. S. R.; also, treasurer of the following societies: Mt. Anthony Lodge, No. 13; Temple Chapter, No. 8; Bennington Council, No. 3; and General- issimo of Taf t Commandery, No. 8. Mr. Sibley is a popular man, and loyal to every rule of integrity, as his several high offices indicate. VAIiENTINE K.NITTINO COIWPANY, Manufacturers Knit Underwear.— The business so successfully conducted by this company as manufacturers of knit underwear is an old-established one, and its history is an interesting chapter in the rise and progress of this historic town. The enterprise was originally inaugurated in 1824 by Mr. Joel B. Valentine as a woolen mill. In 1836 the building was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt in 1845. In 1865 Major A. B. Valentine, son of the founder, came into possession of the property, and converted it into a knitting mill for the manufacture of shirts and drawers. The production had reached 20,000 dozen annually, when the property was again destroyed by fire, early in 1883. The present mills were erected in 1885, and are the finest devoted to this line of production in the state. They include a splendid brick structure, three stories high, 50 x 104 feet in dimensions, with an ell, 44 X 42 feet, which are used for carding, spinning and knitting, and which are equipped with eight sets of knitting machinery of the most improved pattern, operated by water and steam power of a combined capacity of 180 horse-power ; also, a gas house, three stories high and 34 x 85 feet in dimensions; a storehouse containing two floors and a basement, 40 x 60 feet, and spacious and elegant office buildings. Steady employment is given to 140 skilled hands, and the average output is 150 dozen per day. The facilities here possessed for rapid and perfect production are of the most extensive and elaborate character, embracing every modern convenience and improvement. The products of this company include every- thing in shirts and drawers used by both sexes, and are widely preferred by dealers throughout the country, for their uniform ex- cellence, well-made, durable qualities, and great salability and solid merits. The resources and facilities of the company are so ample as to enable it to offer inducements to the trade that are of the most liberal character. The Valentine Knitting Company was incorpo- rated in 1887. under the laws of the state of Vermont, with a capital of $100,000, and is officered as follows, viz: H. C. Lindloff. president and treasurer; A. B. Valentine, vice-president; Wells Valentine, secre- tary. The president, Mr. Lindloff. was born in Denmark, and came to America in 1866. 'He is an experienced manufacturer and a solid, successful business man; also, is president of the Bennington Knitting Company. Major Valentine, the vice-president, was bom in Bennington and is one of its best known citizens and leading pubhc men. He is the son of the late Joel B. Valentine, and is the owner of all the mills used by this company. He is president of Bennington Savings Bank, a director of the Bennington Battle Mon- ument Association, and has served as a member of the state senate, and as the Commissioner of Emigration by appointment of the Governor. Mr. Wells Valentine, the secretary, is also treasurer of the Bennington Knitting Company, and a young man of experience and high repute in business matters. BOOTH dc HARRIS, Insurance Agents, Town Clerk's Office, Main Street.— Many of our leading companies place their local interests in the control of gentlemen who have secured honorable reputations in this branch of business, and prominent among these here are Messrs. Booth & Harris, whose office is located in the town clerk's office, on Main Street. The gentlemen composing this firm are Mr. E. A. Booth, a Vermonter by birth and long a resident here, and Mr. E. S. Harris, who was born in New York and has resided in Bennington for many years. Both are thoroughly experienced men in this line of business, and forming this co-partnership they inaugu- rated this enterprise in Feburary, 1890, and during the intervening period have built up a very liberal and influential patronage, and among the many companies represented by them will be found the Northern, of London, England; the Providence Washington Insur- ance Company, of Providence, R. I., and the Orient, of Hartford, Conn., they are also the general agents of the old reliable Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn. As practical and experienced underwriters, this firm offers substantial induce- ments and advantages to the public, including low rates and liberally drawn policies, while all losses sustained are equitably adjusted and promptly paid through this agency. The members of the firm are prepared to take entire charge of the insurance of properties, plac- ing and distributing risks among sound companies only, renewing policies when expiring and generally reheving business houses of all care in this important branch of their affairs. Both are men of superior ability, energetic, courteous, reliable and honorable. Mr Booth has been connected with the town's clerk's office for many years and has made himself very popular with our citizens, and is an active member of the Improved Order of Red Men. Mr. Harris devotes his whole attention to the firm's interests, and is also a mem- ber of the I. O. of R. M., besides being an Odd Fellow. JOHN v. HALL & SONj Insurance, Court House Block.— This business was established by Mr. J. V. Hall in 1865, and Mr. E. J. Hall became a partner in January, 1888, and since the death of Mr. J. V. Hall, in October, 1888, has carried on the business alone under the old firm name. Among the companies represented are the jEtna, the Hartford, the National, the Travelers', of Hartford; the Anglo Nevada, of San Francisco; the Continental, the Home, the Liberty, of New York; the Phcenix, of Hartford, the Phenix, of Brooklyn, the Phenix, of London; the Lancashire and the Queen, of England; the Insurance Company of North America, of Philadel- phia, and the Granite State, of New Hampshire. With their millions of capital and large surplus they offer absolute security to the assured. The policies written by this firm are clearly worded, ex- plicit and devoid of technicalities, including a very large assortment of printed forms drafted by them for the special hazards, which they control, and all losses are promptly paid on adjustment. The firm controls the insurance of many important hues of business, man- ufacturing, mercantile and dwelling, and are constantly extending their circle of customers. Mr. Edward J. Hall has a thorough knowledge of the principles of insurance, rendering him safe as an agent for conservative companies like those he represents. He is county clerk, secretary of the Bennington Battle Jlonument Associ- ation, and is a member of the firm of Childs & Powers, fire insur- ance agents. He is a native of Bennington and is known for his careful and thorough business methods and prompt and liberal policy in the settlement of losses. 191 192 INDUSTKIES AND WEALTH OF N. F. SraiTH, Meat Market, Main Street.— Among all the in- dustries that t'orni the aggi-egate of the resources of any protnineiit trade center, there are none which exceed in general importance those that are engaged in furnishing its inhabitants with necessary food supplies. An old established, prominent and ably conducted house engaged in a special branch of this line of trade in Bennington, and well deserving of the high reputation it maintains for handling none but first-class goods and straightforward dealings is that of Mr. N. F. Smith, dealer in fresh meats, provisions, etc., whose market is centrally located on Main Street. This popular enterprise was founded originally in 1870 by Mr. George Smith, who conducted it with excellent ability and success until 1884, when it passed into the control of his brother, the present proprietor, who was assistant in the establishment, and under his enterprising management and direc- tion the trade is constantly increasing in volume and influence. The premises utilized are very spacious and commodious, neatly and attractively appointed and fitted up with special reference to the trade, which involves the daily handling of large quantities of fresh meats and provisii)ns, which in quality, variety and freshness are unsurpassed by any similar concern in the town. The stock carried is full and complete and embraces the very choicest of prime fresh beef, veal, mutton, lamb, country pork, sausages, pure leaf lard; game and poultry in season, also the best brands of plain and sugar- cured hams, shoulders, breakfast bacon, corned beef and pork, smoked and pickled tongues, tripe, etc. He also carries a full assort- ment of farm and garden vegetables, fruits, berries, melons, and makes a specialty of early southern products in this line, and own- ing and cultivating a farm close to town many of his goods in this line are of his own superior production. Having the latest im- proved refrigerators for supplying dry cold storage for the healthful preservation of perishable articles for an indefinite period, he is enabled to supply his patrons with the choicest of wholesome food during all seasons of the year at lowest ruling market prices. His market is a model of neatness and cleanliness, polite assistants serve patrons promptly, and orders are delivered at residences free of charge. Mr. Smith is a pleasant, courteous and enterprising dealer, reliable and honorable in his dealings and is highly respected by all with whom he has any dealings. HARRY IVILIiOUOHBY, Stoves, Ranges, Tinware, Crockery, Glassware, Etc., No. 416 Main Street.— Mr. Harry Wil- loughby, dealer in stoves, tin ware, crockery, glassware, etc., has always maintained a deservedly high reputation for handling only first-class goods. This popular enterprise was founded originally in 1875 by Messrs. Graves & Albro, who were afterwards succeeded by the firm of Messrs. Graves & Walker, who carried it on quite successfully for some years when the latter gentleman retired and Mr. Graves became sole proprietor, and in 1890 he disposed of the concern to Mr. Willoughby. This gentleman is a native of this state and is a thoroughly experienced man in all branches of the sheet- metal trade, having worked at it for some years in Middlebury, this state, and then came to this place and was employed by the former proprietor for two years; under his able direction the trade is constantly growing in volume and influence. The premises utilized comprise a spacious, commodious and very neatly appointed store with workshop attached. The latter is fully equipped with all the necessary tools and appliances and none but skilled and experienced workmen are employed. The range of production embraces every- thing in the line of tin, copper and sheet-iron ware, of which a full and complete assortment is kept in the store and sold at lowest prices. A specialty is made of tin roofing, spouting, factory work and outside jobbing, for which estimates are furnished when desired ; contracts are entered into and executed promptly and satisfactorily at lowest figures. In the store will be found also a fine stock of coal and wood office, parlor and cooking stoves, ranges, heaters, furnaces also oil and gas stoves, with all their fittings and all of the very latest and best improved patterns. The assortment of crockery embraces plain and decorated breakfast, dinner, tea and toilet sets, single pieces and in all kinds of foreign and domestic materials, art novel- ties, glassware of every description, including all the latest improved style of lamps and their fittings, besides wooden and willow ware and household goods generally. Mr Willoughby. is a young man of superior business ability. MISS H. J. MORGAN, Millinery Goods, No. 517 Main Street. —This popular and fashionable headquarters was founded originally in 1860 by Mrs. Babcock, who conducted it with excellent success until 1887, when it passed into the control of the present proprietor. Miss H. J. Morgan, who has had a wide range.of experience in all branches of the business and under her enterprising management and direc- tion the business has grown to its present volume and influence, her patronage being derived principally from among our most refined and intelligent classes of society. The premises utilized are amply spacious and commodious, neatly and tastefully fitted up and pro- vided with every convenience to meet all requirements of the busi- ness, including a department for the making and trimming goods to order. The stock carried is full and complete and embraces the very latest correct styles in all seasonable goods of the recent produc- tions of the most fashionable modistes of Paris and London, such as bonnets and bonnet frames, straw, chip, soft and stiff felt hats, trimmed and untrimmed, also silks, satins, and velvets, laces, rib- bons, plushes, veilings, ruches, illusions, embroideries, edgings, fringes, ostrich plumes, tips, feathers, mounted birds, artificial flowers and fruits, head ornaments, mourning goods, etc. Hats and bonnets are trimmed to order at the shortest notice in the most styl- ish and artistic manner as none but skilled and experienced hands are employed. A specialty is made of mourning orders, and rush orders where customers desire to wait, while prices are always very reasonable. Miss Morgan is an enterprising, affable and courteous young lady, and possessed of superior business ability and justly merits the success she has attained by her industry and perseverance. 1>. P. GATES, Groceries, Provisions, Teas, Coffees, Etc., No. 706 Main Street. Corner of Safford Street.— Mr. D. P. Gates is a Vermont man by birth and education, and having a wide range of experience in mercantile life he inaugurated this enterprise on his own responsibility in 1872 on the opposite side of the street, and dur- ing the same year he began the erection of the building he now utilizes for trade purposes, and his trade from the outset has been of the most flattering character, derived principally from our leading people both in town and surrounding vicinity. The space utilized for trade purposes, comprise two spacious and commodious floors, ad- mirably arranged and provided with every convenience to facilitate business. The stock carried is always full and complete, embracing absolutely pure and fresh, new crop young Hyson, Imperial, Oolong, Pekoe, gunpowder, Japan, English breakfast and other teas; choice fragrant Arabian, Central, and South American coffees, cocoas, chocolates and spices; select brands of canned goods, table delica- cies, foreign and domestic fruits, sauces, relishes, condiments; sugars, syrups and molasses, confectionery, choice family flour, fancy cereal and farinaceous foods; prime dairy and fancy butter and cheese; farm and garden products; fresh eggs, pure leaf lard, salt and smoked meats andJish; tobaccos and cigars, brooms, pails, brushes and kindred household articles, bakers' and laundry sup- plies, etc., in fact everything usually found in a well regulated gro- cery house. The goods sold here are noted for their excellence, purity and uniform quality and lowest prices. The store is a model of neatness and cleanliness, patrons receive prompt and courteous attention, and orders are delivered at residence free of charge. Mr. Gates is courteous and at all times painstaking and enterprising. CENTENNIAL, HOUSE, Mrs. C. Nolan, Proprietress. -The Centennial House opposite the railway station, in Bennington, was established in 1876. by C. Nolan, who built and opened it. In 1883, death called him to his final account and since that time, his worthy wife has managed the house in a manner so successful that she has surprised her most intimate friends. The Centennial is a fine, three- story brick building, with accommodations for fifty to sixty guests. It is conducted with a view to every convenience for travelers and boarders, and is in every respect a first-class house. The building is lighted by electricity, the rooms are a model of tidiness and from office to kitchen, everything is orderly and attractive. There is a good livery in connection with the house, and sample rooms are pro- vided for commercial travelers. Mrs. Nolan personally sees to it that the table is provided with the tenderest roasts, the choicest game, poultry, desserts, etc., and no person goes away dissatisfied. Mrs. Nolan, the proprietress, has lived in Vermont for the past thirty-six years. She is a strict and honorable business woman and enjoys the good will of a wide patronage. BENNINGTON, VERMONT. 193 H. Tn, HARRIS, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Iron and Steel, Hardware, Cutlery. — Among the prominent business houses of Bennington, there is one that stands eminent in trade circles, both in the point of age and reliability, namely, H. M. Harris, of Main Street. This business was established in 1854, by S. F. Harris, whose son, the present proprietor, succeeded him in 1886. He has a store 25 X 150 feet, and a floor above for the storage of goods, his business being that of a wholesale and retail dealer in iron and steel, hard- ware, cutlery, knives, shears, razors, scissors, axes, blacksmiths', carpenters', locksmiths', and builders' tools, nails, horse-shoes, paints, oils, varnishes, glass, putty, brushes, shingles, lath, pine boards, seasoned flooring, machine clapboards, hubs, spokes. Concord axles, etc. He also furnishes bills of timber on short notice. He carries every variety of heavy and shelf hardware, house and car- riage trimmings, etc. Mr. Harris has as fine a stock of goods as may be found in the market and all of the best quality. His store is neat and finely appointed, with attractive windows, show-cases, counters, etc., and his patronage comes from the leading builders and business men of town. Mr. Harris has a complete knowledge of every phase of his calling, having learned the business from its incipiency, as a clerk in his father's store up to the time of assum- ing the proprietorship. He is noted for his commercial integrity, and is an active member of the F. and A. M. and the I. O. R. M . . M. H. HOUGHTON, Livery, Feed and Sale Stables.— An example of the desirable growth of patronage that follows close, personal attention to business, may be found in the case of M. B. Houghton, proprietor of the livery, feed and sale stables in the rear of the Putnam House, Bennington. In 1880, Mr. Houghton estab- lished his business in a small way in Pleasant Street, starting with three horses for hire. In 1882, he built a stable on Union Street, where he carried on business five years, and in 1887, he moved to his present location. From 1881 to 1888, the business was conducted nnder the firm name of Houghton & Qalucia, the partnership having been dissolved in March, 1888. At present Mr. Houghton has twenty- five horses in use for livery purposes, and in addition to all of the Putnam House business, he has a large transient and local trade. His stables are the most extensive in town, requiring from six to nine employees the year round. He has fine stock, sleek and well groomed roadsters and always sends his teams and single rigs out with bright, atttractive harness, fine carriages, surreys, buggies, robes, blankets, etc., in the best of style. Mr. Houghton is the agent for five carriage companies and sells all kinds of vehicles, broughams, victorias, traps, dog and T carts, surreys, buggies, buckboards, sulkies, etc. He also sells mowing machines, reapers, horse hay rakes, etc. He owns a fine stock farm in connection with his brother at Dover, Vt., where they breed blooded horses. For six years he was engaged as a commercial traveler for a lightning rod firm and for two years was a member of the company. He is an enterprising, trustworthy business man, and a native of Vermont. THO.TIPSON'S STEAOT I^AUNDRV, D. A. Thompson, Proprietor, No. 713 Main Street.— A prominent, well patronized and ably conducted laundry is that of Mr. D. A. Thompson. Mr. Thomp- son is a Vermont man by birth, and was for a long time engaged in a paper mill and decided to embark in this business in 1882, but dis- continued it and returned to his old business, and in 1887 he again started his laundry, and from this date, coupled with his former experience he soon developed a very large and substantial patronage extending throughout the surrounding vicinity. The premises util- ized are of ample dimensions, commodious and fully equipped with the latest improved appliances and devices operated by steam power, and employment is given to none but skilled and experienced hands. Every precaution is taken that all work shall be executed in a supe- rior manner. A specialty is made of fine laces, lace curtains, caps, shirts, collars, cuffs, embroidered skirts and other underwear, pillow and sheet shams; linen coats, pants, and vests, lawn, cambric and other dresses of fine texture, also to woolen blankets, underwear, etc. Work is called for and delivered free of charge and prices throughout are very reasonable. Mr. Thompson is a pleasant, cour- teous and straightforward man in all his dealings. He is a highly respected and active member of G. A. R.. having served for three years during the late war of the Rebellion, having enlisted as a pri- vate, and when honorably discharged had risen to the position of captain and participated in thirty -two different engagements. JOHN H. AYRESi, Custom Clothing, and Foreign and Domestic Cloths, Hats, Caps, Gents ' Furnishing Goods, Etc., No. 411 Main Street.— Among those in Bennington none have achieved a higher reputation for producing first-class male garments and more honorable, reliable business methods than Mr. John H. Ayres, man- ufacturer of custom clothing, dealer in foreign and domestic cloths, etc., whose popular and ably conducted emporium of fashion is lo- cated at No. 411 Main Street. This enterprising gentleman is a native of New York, but has resided in this state since he was six years of age. Acquiring a thorough knowledge of this business by long ex- perience and observation and for a number of years in Mr. G. B. Sib- ley's establishment in this place, he inaugurated this enterprise on his own account on South Street in 188-3, and as his trade grew very rapidly he was obliged to seek more commodious quarters and better facilities to meet its demands and he accordingly moved to his present address in 1888. His store is of ample dimensions, compactly arranged and fitted up in a very handsome manner, provided with electric lights and other conveniences for the advanta- geous display of this fine assortment of goods and their inspection by patrons. His stock embraces a splendid line of English, French, German and American broadcloths, beavers, cassimeres, cheviots, tweeds, meltons, woolens, worsteds, etc., in all the seasonable and fashionable styles for overcoatings, suitings, trouserings and vestings, from which customers cannot fail to make a selection. These goods are made up to order in the very latest and most desirable styles, as none but the most skilled and experienced workmen are given em- ployment, and satisfaction is guaranteed as to fit, comfort, style, durability and workmanship, while prices are always very reasona- ble. He also carries a full line of the latest correct styles in fine high silk cassimere hats, round and flat crown Derby hats, Alpine and other shapes in soft hats, straw goods, fur and cloth caps, besides a full and complete line of men's furnishing goods. Mr. Ayres is an active, pushing and progressive business man, always abreast of the changes in styles, pleasant, courteous and reliable in his dealings and is an active member of the Odd Fellows' Order, also of the Improved Order of Red Men. EliM TREE HOUSE, M. J. Guiltinan, Proprietor.— The Elm Tree House is situated in North Street, and has for its proprietor one of the most genial men of Bennington, M. J. Guiltinan. This hotel was erected and opened to the public by M. Haley in 1872. In the year 1874, an addition was built, doubling it in size, its present dimensions being a fine, three-story wooden building, with accommo- dations for fifty to sixty guests. From six to ten persons are em- ployed and all of the accommodations of a first-class hotel are ob- served, including tidy and attractive bedrooms, a fine office, dining- room, sample rooms, billiard parlor and barber shop, and a well-fur- nished public parlor. The house is lighted by electricity. Mr. Haley is still the owner of the property. In 1888, he leased it to C. Wheeler; in 1889, W. Taylor managed it, and in December 1890, Mr. Guiltinan took possession. He is a young man, a native of Bennington and began life as clerk in the hotel. He was a mail agent for four years and has finally returned to hotel life, believing that to be his proper calling. He has won the confidence of travelers, furnishes a superior table, and is in every respect a popular landlord. C. D. GIBSON, Druggist. No. 519 Main Street.— The profes- sion of the druggist is one which calls for the combined talents of the student and the man of sound business judgment. Such an one is Mr. C. D. Gibson, the popular druggist of No. 519 Main Street, Benning- ton. He has been established in business since 1870, and has a beautifully arranged and tidy store, 25 x 70 feet, where he keeps a fine display of drugs, patent medicines, elixirs, salves, herbs, plasters, lint, bandages, surgical instruments, essential oils, extracts, chemi- cals, a full line of confectionery, stationery, cigars, tobacco, toilet goods, fancy soaps, perfumery, manicure sets, notions, sponges, etc. Mr. Gibson's prescription and family receipt department is one of the commendable features of his place. He is a practical druggist and gained his knowledge of the business by a three years' clerkship in a drug store. He is reliable and honorable in all of his work and a very popular member of business and social circles. He made a gal- lant record during a three years service in Com'" v C, 169th N. Y. Regiment, and was in twenty-six hard fou"' ugagements and a number of skirmishes. He is a prominer- .aber of the I. O. O. F. and the G. A. R. 194 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF SA'ants of a first-class trade, guaranteed to be as repre sented and are sold at lowest prices. A specialty is the repairing and adjustment of fine watches, to which the proprietor devotes his per- sonal attention, and all work done here is warranted to give satis- faction. Mr. Holton is a very courteous, affable and popular mercliant, prompt, honorable and attentive to his customers' wants. He is a very active and prominent member of the Odd Fellows Order, is a Past Grand and a member of the Grand Lodge of the state. O. A. RANI>.\Lili, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, Telephone from Trask & Co.'s Drug Store, and from Baggage Room at Depot. — This popular enterprise was founded originally in 1875 by Mr. O. H, Wolfe, who was succeeded by Mr. C. Sanborn, who carried it on ■quite successfully until 1889, when it passed into the control of the present proprietor. Mr. Randall is a Vermont man by birth, and has been a highly respected resident of this place for several years, and has had many years' experience in this line of business in other portions of the state, and under his able management and direction, the patronage of his present concern is constantly increasing in volume and importance. His stables are spacious and commodious, thoroughly equipped with every requisite, well ventilated, properly lighted and in thorough sanitary conditions and none but competent hands are employed. Ample accommodations for a large number of horses are provided, and a large trade is carried on in boarding horses by the day, week or month, and all animals placed in his charge receive most careful attention at the hands of experienced grooms, while the provender is of the choicest quality and is pro- vided bounteously. From ten to fifteen finely groomed and stylish horses including those suitable for ladies' and invalids' use as well as those noted for speed and staying qualities, and a number of first- class carriages, coupes, coaches, top and open buggies, sleighs and cutters are kept for livery purposes, and can be obtained at all hours of the day or night, with or without drivers upon the most reasona- ble terms. Special terms are made for funerals, weddings, recep- tions, balls, parties, excursions, depot calls, sleighing parties, etc., while the service is always A 1. Orders by telephone from Trask & Co.'s Drug Store or the baggage room at the depot receive prompt response. Mr. Randall also makes a specialty of buying and selling horses, and all business of this character is conducted upon the highest standard of honor and integrity. He is an energetic, popu- lar and reliable gentleman, highly esteemed in the community, and is an active and prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the Odd Fellows' Order. E. H. RAGLEV, General Hardware, Coal, Etc.— E. H. Bag- ley, successor to Bagley & Blartin as dealers in a general line of liardware, tin, stoves and kindred articles of merchandise, has long maintained a reputation, not only for handling the best goods ob- tainable in his important line of business, but for squai-e dealing, sterling ability and good citizenship. The house over which he pre- sides was established in 187:3, and passed two years later to the ex- clusive ownership and control of Mr. Bagley, under whose direction the trade has grown, and still continues to grow with that certainty which marks the wisest management. He occupies a spacious, well lighted, two story block 25 x 100, with a basement of the same area for the stoi-age of the heavier line of goods. His stock of shelf hard- ware comprises all the supplies for carpenters, house furnishers, carriage trimmers and all others who are in need of anything which the best houses keep in this important and diversified department. The cutlery includes the best foreign and domestic makes, while in stoves, ranges, tinware, paints and oils every demand of customers is fully anticipated. The full stock has an average invoice of $10,000 and the immense trade justifies this investment. In connection with this large retail business, Mr. Bagley supplies coal to a large pat- ronage, 15,000 tons of this commodity being disposed of each year. This branch deserves the same commendatory mention, and is equally reliable with the others referred to. Mr. Bagley is a leading member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is now serving as justice of the peace. .TOHN HARDING, Manufacturer of Marble and Granite Cemetery Work, Monuments, Tablets. Gravestones.— An ably con- ducted house engaged in this line of industry in White River Junc- tion, is that of Mr. John Harding, manufacturer of marble and granite cemetery work, etc. Mr. Harding is a native of Hartland, this state, and at an early age acquired a thorough knowledge of this trade in all its branches, and established himself in business originally in 1855 in his native place, and in 1878 moved to his present location. His business premises are of ample dimensions, com- modious and provided with all the modern facilities required for executing first-class work. Many of his productions are manufact- ured at West Rutland, Quincy and other places. Original designs are furnished by skilled and experienced draughtsmen; drawing, specifications and estimates are made and contracts of any magni- tude are entered into for all kinds of marble and granite cemetery work, monuments, tablets, gravestones, memorials, vaults, mauso- leums, tombs, etc., and executed promptly and satisfactorily on the most reasonable terms. A specialty is the making of Quincy gran- ite monuments to order, while special terms are made for soldiers' and sailors' cemetery work, and in his warerooms will be found at all times a fine assortment of monuments, memorials, tablets, etc., all embodying the highest conceptions of artistic skill and of his superior production. \rHITE RIVER FURNITURE COMPANY, Dealers in Furniture of all Kinds, Mattresses, Carpets, Baby Carriages, Coffins. Caskets and Robes. — The White River Furniture Company was established in 1883 by Lavene & Dunn, who were succeeded by C. H. Pierce in 1888. The latter died January, 1890, and three months later a stock company, incorporated under the state law, purchased the business and wisely intrusted Mrs. A. M. Pierce, wife of the former proprietor, with the triple duties of secretary, manager and treasurer. The result has fully vindicated their good judgment as the business has shown that steady and healthy growth which is the guarantee of continued prosperity. The stock of furniture carried is chosen with critical judgment, and a nice appreciation of what the trade at White River Junction demands. In the better and more expensive goods, there is that symmetry, elegant richness of adorn- ment and fine selection of material that grows in favor and beauty the longer it is used, while the less costly grades are far superior in desirable qualities to those formerly supplied at a like cost. Noth- ing that a first-class establishment of this kind should carry is want- ing here, and the appreciation of the community appears in the liberal patronage bestowed upon the company. In addition to a complete supply of the best household and office furniture, the com- pany has a splendid stock of mattresses, carpets, baby carriages, coffins, caskets, and robes, all being such as only the finest and most responsible houses offer their patrons. Upholstering and repairing are promptly done by the most competent workmen. 202 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF W. H. liAIRD & CO., Dry and Fancy Goods and Ladies' Shoes.— The business of W. H. Laird & Co., was inaugurated in 1884, and has been prosecuted with such vigor and success tliat a large trade has been developed throughout this community. The store occupied covers an area of 30 x 40 feet in dimensions, and is most admirably appointed throughout, and provided with every con- venience for the manipulation of trade, and the display of goods and comfort of patrons. The stock embraces every description of staple and fancy dry goods, notions, fancy goods, furnishing goods, and ladies' shoes in every variety, style and size. All the newest styles and fashionable novelties are displayed, and the stock is kept up to the highest standard of efficiency. From one to two active clerks are employed. Prices are as low as is consistent with superior goods and fair dealings. Mr. Laird is a native of this state, a mem- ber of a number of different social organizations, and a man of vim, enterprise and business worth, whose future success and prosperity is well assured. A. H. WOLFE, Fresh Fruit. Nuts, Cigars, Tobacco, Temper- ance Drinks, Etc.— Among the well conducted houses in this town will be .found that of Mr. A. H. Wolfe, dealer in fresh fruits, nuts, cigars, etc. A most desirable stock of foreign and domestic fruits, nuts, confectionery of all kinds, cigars, tobacco, temperance drinks, etc., is constantly handled, and the stock is frequently replenished. In the restaurant department is found the most wholesome and excel- lently prepared food, including every delicacy of the season, and refreshments are offered to the large number of regular boarders, and transient patrons at exceedingly reasonable prices. A com- petent assistant is employed, and all the departments of this house receive the close personal supervision of the proprietor. Mr. Wolfe is a native of this state, who established this enterprise in 1884, and fully merits his popularly bestowed distinction of a representative merchant. He was a member of Company B, fourteenth regiment of New Hampshire, and served in many engagements in our late war. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF VERGENNES. HE town of Vergennes was organized March 12, 1789, and the city of Vergennes was chartered July i, 1794. The territory embraced in the city is 480 x 400 rods. The location is seven miles from Lake Champlain. Otter Creek, which passes through the city was formerly navigable for large vessels, and a regular line of boats was run between this place and Buffalo and New York, while the facilities for ship-building were at one time as good as any in the State. Here was fitted up the flotilla which the victorious McDonough commanded in Plattsburgh Bay, September 11, 1814. The Falls of Vergennes represent Nature as a handmaid to Industry; her strong and beautiful forces being tributary to the useful. During the non-intercourse and war with England, the active blast furnance, air furnace, rolling, grist, saw and fulling mill, wire factory, and busy forges clustered fast around this vast reservoir of water-power which has a descent of 37 feet, divided into three distinct sets by two islands, at their head dividing the channel into three parts, and not less than 177 tons of shot for the war of the Revolution were cast at this point. Since the renewal of a friendly intercourse with England, and the opening of the Rutland and Burlington railroad, business has declined ; still, upon the bridge that spans the Otter, a continued hum of machinery, modulated by the grand water-chorus from three distinct sets of falls, blends pleas- antly upon the ear. The city is handsomely laid out, and has five churches, two national banks, two hotels, a fine graded school building, a parochial school, a horse-nail factoiy, shade-roller factory, furni- ture factory, planing mill, road machine works, fertilizer works, granite works; a hub factory, leather works, a newspaper, publishing house, etc. The city has an excellent water supply, the water works having been erected at a cost of sixty thousand dollars. The administration of municipal affairs is vested in a mayor, a board of four aldermen and a common council of three members. The following is a list of officers for the year ending March 1891 : Mayor, J. G. Hindes; Aldermen, Wm. H. Patten, Spencer W. Hinds, D. Renaud, Harvey Ketchum, Common Council, M. J. Graves, C. E. M. Caisse, M. T. Bristol ; Clerk of City Court, J. D. Smith. Vergennes is the natural receiving and distributing station for a large amount of produce of all kinds that is raised in the fertile, agricultural country tributary to it, and the handling of this is a larg:e factor in its business. VERGENNES, VERMOISTT. 203 VERMONT REFORM SCHOOL. This State Institution was established in this city in 1865. The farm and U. S. Arsenal property, containing altogether 132 acres of land, were purchased for the school at a cost of $18,772.00. The old buildings, formerly known as the Champlain arsenal, were found admirably adapted for this purpose — the old officers' quarters' serving for the girls department, and the arsenal building as a school and workshop for the boys. Since the school was started here, the place has been greatly improved by the erection of new buildings and the embellishment of the grounds. Here, one hundred and fifty unfortunate boys and girls find a home and by judici- ous training are reclaimed from an ultimate prison-home — or worse — and made respectable citizens. The school is well managed and is officered as follows : Mr. S. A. Andrews, Sup- erintendent ; Mr. H. C. Fisk, Morrisville ; Mr. F. H, Stranahan, St. Albans ; Mr. Charles H. Lane, Trustees. 204 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF THE NATIONAIi BANK OF VERGENNES.— The oldest and strongest banking institution in this city is the National Bank of Vergennes, which was originally incorporated in 1826, and reorganized under the national banking laws in 1865. It has a capi- tal of $150,000, and is officered as follows, viz.: president, C. T. Stev- ens; vice-president, Thos. S. Drake; cashier, Andrew Ross; assist- ant cashier, C. H. Strong. The banking rooms of the institution are centrally located on Main Street, and are spacious in size, provided with improved safes and vaults, and possessing every convenience for facilitating the business in hand. A general banking business is transacted, including the receiving of deposits, the discounting of approved commercial paper, the collection of drafts, and the dealing in first-class securities of all kinds. From its inception this bank has retained the confidence of the public in a marked degree. Its foun- ders were men who had the rare foresight to recognize the possibili- ties of such an institution, and who laid the foundations sufficiently Btroi'S and deep to bear any superstructure that time, experience and \vealth might rear. They builded well, and their successors have been eminently worthy of the succession. Under its present wise and conservative management, this bank is doing a large and safe business, all its movements being marked by prudence, caution and honorable business methods, and it is generally recognized as one of those solid, ably-conducted institutions, that reflect credit alike upon their officers and the conununity in wliich their influence is felt. Its investments and operations have been so satisfactory that a snug surplus of $30,000 has been accumulated. Its executive offi- cers are gentlemen with whom it is always a pleasure to do business. Prompt, obliging and efficient in all their dealings with the public, they are naturally popular, and uphold the credit of the bank in financial, commercial and social life. The president, Mr. Stevens, is a prominent citizen of Vergennes, has served as mayor of the city and in other positions of honor and trust, and is closely identified with the commercial growth and financial prosperity of this commun- nity. The vice-president, Mr. Drake, is a leading business man of Bristol. The cashier, Mr. Ross, is an expert financier, and a gentle- man of wide acquaintance and high repute in the business world. OT. J. GRAVES, Hardware, Etc., Green Street.— In viewing the Tarious business industries of this city we observe that there are many houses justly entitled to be termed representative in their spec- ial lines. One of these is the establishment conducted by Mr. M. J. Graves, dealer in hardware, stoves, ranges and house furnishing goods. This enterprise was founded by Mr. J. W. Hawley in 1845, and he was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1865. Mr. Graves ■continued in the business until 1875, when he sold his interest to Fred. Blanchard, who afterward sold to Messrs. Steward & Baldwin. In 1881, Mr. J. W. Hawley again assumed control, and was again suc- •ceeded by the present proprietor in 1886, who has since conducted the business with marked success. The premises occupied are spa- •cious and commodious, finely appointed and fitted up in the best pos- sible manner and thoroughly equipped with everything required in the business. The stock of goods is large and comprehensive, em- bracing a carefully selected assortment of builders' materials, and general hardware of every description. A complete line of office, parlor, and cooking stoves, ranges and furnaces in all the latest im- proved patterns from the best manufacturers in the country to- gether with a fine display of house furnishing goods such as tin, cop- per, sheet-iron, wood and willow ware, all of which are offered at the lowest possible prices and cannot fail to please purchasers. The workshop is equipped with the most modern, mechanical appliances in use by plumbers, and sanitary plumbing and gas fitting is execu- ted in a highly satisfactory manner. Mr. Graves has been president of the board of common council of the city for two years and chief engineer of the Fire Department, is a member of the F. and A. M.. and is a native of Waterbury, Vt. He is well-known and highly respected in business circles, and the prosperity of this house is a notable example of business integrity and skillful management. city from 1870 till 1880, then was manager of the telegraph office here. In the meantime he was actively engaged in the insurance business, and had established a flourishing office at Burlington under the firm name of Hickok & Bailey. In 1888, Mr. Hiekok admitted his son H. H. Hickolc to co-partnership in this office, and the firm style above noted was adopted. In 1889, Mr. Hickok retired, leaving the younger gentleman in sole possession. The liouse transacts every description of insurance, and commands a most extensive and flour- ishing patronage all through this section. The companies repre- sented are among the leading and most wealthy insurance corpora- tions of the world. In tire, the office represents the following: ^tna, Continental, Commercial Union, German-American, Insurance Com- pany of North America; Liverpool and London and Globe of Liver- pool; Niagara, Phoenix, Springfield, and Vermont Mutual; in life and accident; IMutual Life, Northwestern Mutual, Travelers' and Fidelity and CasualtyCompany. Policies are written, and risks placed with any of these sound companies at lowest premium rates, and an admirable feature of this office is the prompt and satisfactory manner in which losses are adjusted. Mr. H. H. Hickok is a young man of enterprise and push, and is rapidly following the footsteps of his father in aug- menting and increasing the business and reputation of this office. He was born in Vergennes. J. S. HICKOK & SON, General Insurance Agents.— Ver- •gennes' leading and popular insurance agency is that which Mr. J. S. Hickok established in 1867. This gentleman was largely interested in Vergennes' business interests, and was regarded as one of the for€t- most citizens of the town. He was born in New Haven, and began his business career in a drug store. Later he was coal agent for the ISIiAND iniLiIiS, N. G. Norton & Sons, Proprietors.— The pop- ular and reliable establishment of Messrs. N. G. Norton & Sons, man- ufacturers of flour, meal, feed and dealers in all kinds of grain and Nova Scotia plaster, also all kinds of lumber, shingles and lath, was established by B. J. Bradbury in 1830; and after^several changes in intervening years, the present firm was established in 1890, N. G. Norton being in trade here in 1867. The mill is spacious, has three run of stone and four water wheels, and is operated by the best water- power in the state, and has a capacity for grinding 1,500 bushels per day. They have ample room for the storage of 10,000 bushels of grain. Tliey also have a large store on Main Street devoted to re- tailing grain and feed and here they have established a large and con- stantly increasing trade. Two delivery teams are kept constantly employed, and a force of hands sufficiently large to carry on the bus- iness promptly and satisfactorily are also employed. Messrs. Noi^ ton & Sons are highly esteemed in trade circles for their enterprise, and energy. Mr. N. G. Norton, the senior member of the firm is a native of Vermont, has been a member of the common council for four years and street commissioner five years. Mr. John Norton is a native of Burlington and is the present postmaster of Vergennes. Messrs. Eugene and A. W. Norton are both natives of Burlington. HUSTED & BAKTIjEY, Merchant Tailors, No. 69 Main Street.— The merchant tailors of this day may well lay claim to tho credit for having led men to believe in the necessity of being prop- erly and richly clothed. For it cannot be longer doubted that dress is one of the most essential factors in a man's success. The mer- chant tailor has thus highly benefitted his race, two of these gentle- men who have proven themselves enterprising and hard woikers being Messrs. J. B. Husted and J. F. Bartley, merchant tailors, No. 69 Main Street, Vergennes. These gentlemen now command a trade from the best dressed men in town. Their business is a very old one. having been established by Mr. J. B. Husted in 1845. The part- nership was formed in 1890. Their present location has been occupied since 1867. The gentlemen occupy two well equipped rooms on the second floor, where they employ eight of the most experienced and skillful tailors, designers, cuttei-s, fitters and trimmers to be found. Their trade, a great share of it custom trade, extends throughout this city and the vicinity. They make suits, coats, trousera. waistcoats, top coats, great coats and take pride in their fits. Entire confidence in their abilities lies with their customers, while they have proven themselves loyal, upright and truthful business men. Mr. Husted, a native of Vermont, born in 1817, came to this city in ]an6 ahd has hewed his fortune out of the hard rocks. Mr. Bartley, who is a native of this city, born in 1868. is noted among the active and rising young gentlemen of town. He is popular in business and social circles and a member of the S. of V. Mr. Bartley has not failed to profit by the conservative policy laid down by Mr. Husted, and their combined efforts since their establishment, has been to work out a successful end upon the principle of commercial veracity. The quality of their wares is always the best and their styles the latest. VERGENNEH, VERMONT, 206 THE FARMERS* NATIONAIi BANK The history of the Farmers' National Banli of Vergenues verifies the well-established fact that a great financial institution, having men of conservative characteristics at the helm, must surely become successful and pros- perous. It vs'as incorporated in April, 1880, with a capital of $50,000, which was increased to $75,000 in 1885, and its officers and directors comprise the following well-known gentlemen, viz. : president, Wal- ter Scranton; vice-president, M. F. Allen; cashier, D. H. Lewis; directors, Walter Scranton, New York City; M. F. Allen, North Fer- risburgh; N. F. Dunshee, Bristol; C. W. Read, Addison; H. W. Le Roy, New York City; D. H. Lewis, Vergennes. This institution does a regular, legitimate banking business in deposits, loans, collec- tions and exchange; receives the accounts of banks, bankers, manu- facturers, merchants and others on the most favorable terms; remits collections at lowest rates, and renders thorough satisfaction to all its customers. Its watchwords have been prudence and economy — prudence in investments, economy in expenses of handling business, and from these two walls of strength has sprung a solid arch of pros- perity and profit. Its principal characteristics are those which tend to inspire and maintain success, to wit: ample capital, good connec- tions, unlimited backing, the confidence of commercial circles, and the highest standing in the financial world. Although founded upon a rock it has each twelve months been raised above the level of the year before; and it has already accumulated a surplus of $5,000, with undivided profits of $1,000. It is not pervaded with " old fogyism," but has in every particular kept abreast of the times. Its manage- ment has ever been noted for that spirit of cautious enterprise and ▼igorous conservatism which marks out new paths and follows them Bafely. These are among the great factors that produce a sound and healthy bank. The president, Mr. Scranton, was for some years a res- ident of Vergennes, representing the city in the State Legislature during two terms, but is now actively engaged in business in the city of New York. The vice-president, Mr. Allen, is a prominent and wealthy citizen of the neighboring town of Ferrisburgh. The cash- ier, Mr. Lewis, is an experienced financier, whose opinions are of weight in banking circles, and who is also secretary and treasurer of the National Horse Nail Company of this city. W. H. SIPPERLiY, Photographer, Green Street.— Mr. Sip- perly is a rarely accomplished and successful photographer, who for the past thirty-five years or so has devoted his native talent and energy to the uninterrupted study and pursuit of his profession in all its higher branches, the result being the achievement of a repu- tation second to that of no artist legitimately engaged in photogra- phy in this section. Mr. Sipperly was born in New York in 1835. He began business at first in Schuylcrville, that state, and remained there for ten years; then for two years he was located at Congress Park, Saratoga; leaving there, he went to Mechanicsville, N. Y. and bought him a house and gallery and for the following fifteen years he actively followed this vocation ; after that, he conducted a gallery in Bennington for eight years. Selling his rooms to M. E. Watson he came to Vergennes and purchased this gallery in 1888. The enter- prise he is conducting was originally established in 1880 by a Mr. Brown, and its subsequent proprietors up to the time Mr. Sipperly took charge were Messrs. Liberty, Hale and McLaughlin. The gal- lery and studio occupies the third fioor of the building, and they are models of neatness and convenience. The operating and finishing rooms are finely equipped with all the latest improved apparatus de- signed for photography, and a corps of competent assistants are employed. Every description of fine photographic work is done, and the leading specialties of this gallery are first-class cahinets, views, and portraits in ink, crayon or water colors; the most skillful and talented artists only are employed, and Mr. Sipperly exercises close personal supervision over every department of the business. He receives a large and steadily increasing patronage from the best class of custom in this locality. V, E. DEAN, Grocer.— This house is one of the best known grocery houses in this vicinity. It was only established in June of last year, but the trade that has been developed in that time has given the house the reputation of being one of the most prosperous and thriving in this section. The premises occupied comprise the ground floor of the building on Main Street, with two rooms on the second floor. Two clerks are employed. The house carries in stock a fine stock of fancy and staple groceries, together with an assort- ment of glassware and lamp goods. Mr. Dean makes a specialty of the manufacture and sale of Dean's Medicated Coffee, for which there is a large demand. Mr. Dean is a native of Vergennes, and in his life-time has seen considerable of the world, and four years prior to embarking in this business was manager of the shipping depart- ment of the Troy Malleable Iron Works of Troy, N. Y. He is well known all through this region. S. D. MINER, Boots and Shoes.— The growth which has attended the house of this firm is illustrative in no small degree of that general development which has characterized the commerce and trade of Vergennes. The business was first established in 1866 by S. D. and J. L. Miner, who jointly conducted it until the death of the junior partner in April last, when S. D. became sole proprietor. The business has been rapidly developed in recent years, and to-day the house enjoys a large, prosperous trade, extending throughout a wide section of the country, and distributed among all classes of people. In 1887, an additional salesroom was opened up and com- pletely stocked and the premises to-day are of a very spacious and complete character. The original quarters occupied were in Fos- ter's Block on Main Street; in 1870,the firm removed to Gaines' Block, and since 1887 they have occupied their present magnificent quarters- in Jones' Block. There is carried here in stock a fine and complete assortment of boots, shoes, slippers and rubbers of all styles and makes, in fine, medium and cheaper grades and designed for th» wear of both sexes, adults and minors. Fine custom work to order is a feature of this business and is done by experienced workmen. This firm also carry in stock a varied line of leather and shoe find- ings and supply the trade throughout this region with goods in this- respect. Mr. S. D. Miner is a native of Canada, and is very highly esteemed in trade and social circles of this vicinity. He is chair- man of the Water Board, having held the office the past seven years. W. B. RICH, Dentist.— Dr. W. B. Rich, the well and fa- vorably known dentist has maintained a position in the front rank of his profession. The doctor not only had the advantage of a thorough course of study when he branched out for himself, but also a valu- able experience gained in some of the famous dental offices of this country. He spent two and a half years in a large office at Sheldon Falls, and one year and a half in an office at Troy. In the early part of 1890 he came to this city and bought the office and practice of the enterprise he is now conducting. This is one of the oldest estab- lished dental offices in this section. It was founded in 1860 by Dr. F. W. Coe, who sold out to Dr. F. F. Pierce in 1883; in 1887, Dr. J. B. Pow- ers obtained possession and conducted the business until Dr. Rich succeeded him May 1890. The doctor occupies neatly appointed and completely equipped quarters, consisting of three spacious rooms, having in service all the latest improved dental appliances and gen- eral appurtenances and is prepared to attend to everything compre- hended in modern dentistry in the most reliable and excellent manner. Teeth are extracted, filled and adjusted with judgment and skill at reasonable prices, while plates are inserted and artificial work of every description executed in the best form of the art. Dr. Rich was born in Massachusetts, and is a member of the S. of V. order, and is very highly esteemed here. CITY DRUG STORE, C. M. Soule, Manager.— A well or- dered and excellent drug store is the City Drug Store, C. M. Soule, manager. Physicians' prescriptions and family recipes are here prepared in the most careful and accurate manner, in every instance from absolutely pure and fresh ingredients and at bed-rock prices, the manager devoting close personal attention to the pre- scription department. In their own laboratory the house puts up for the trade a few important and very excellent remedies of their own compounding. This business was originally established by W. G. Sprague, in 1860. He was succeeded by J. ' Hickox in 1871 ; then in 1885, Dennison and Hopkins assumed charge and remained pro- prietors until the following year when Mr. Smith became the owner, and installed Mr. Soule as manager. The premises occupied com- prise a ground floor and basement, each 25 x 75 feet in size. Mr. Smith, who was born in this state, is an attorney-at-law in St. Albans and enjoys a large practice. Both he and Mr. Soule are highly es- teemed through this section. 206 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF N. J. KENAUD, Confectionery, Etc., Green Street.— This gen- tleman came from Canada, his native place, a number of years ago, .and in 1875, established this store. His present location, however, he has occupied since 1885. He owns the entire building on Green Street, 26 x 34 feet, and occupies the first floor to conduct his trade. He is a thorough and practical merchant, dealing in newspapers, periodicals, magazines, stationery, music, confections, sweets, bon- bons, caramels, fancy and plain candies of all sorts, pipes, tobacco, cigars, smokers' necessities, picture frames and Yankee notions of all sorts. His is also the headquarters for Standard Neura-Cura, birch and tonic beer, orange cider, ginger and soda ale, sarsaparilla and champagne-cider. Mr. Renaud's store is neatly and attractively fitted with all of the modern improvements and his stock enticingly arranged. He had received a thorough commercial training prior to his present business venture in 1875, having given a considerable time to duties in a furniture store and one year to the business of a general news agent. His present standing proves tliat he has not mistaken his vocation. He is regarded as an upright man of affairs .and a credit to his calling. SMITH & KETCHUM, Furniture.— This is an old as well as solid and ably conducted business. The manufacturing department was established by J. N. Hawley in 1840, he was succeeded by Hol- land & Mansfield and they were succeeded by Holland, Mansfield & Parker in 1869. In 1871 the building occupied was burned and rebuilt the same year and in 1876 the present firm was organized. The large factory at the falls at the foot of Main Street is a three story build- ing with abundant water-power, and employment is furnished to a large coi-ps of workmen. The partners are pushing business men, experienced and exercising superior executive abilities. They have an accurate knowledge of the wants of the trade and making quality their first consideration, are enabled to retain old customers while constantly making new ones. A glance at their facilities and -extent of establishment will indicate the importance of this concern to Vermont's commerce. Besides the large factory, they occupy a Hrge salesroom on Green Street where they retail all kinds of f urni- .bure, curtain fixtures and household furnishings, also a full line of undertaking goods. They have a large wholesale trade in Vermont, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. They employ several traveling salesmen and their trade is constantly in- creasing. They have permantly maintained the lead as to prices and quality and their connections include the leading retail furniture dealers in all places where their goods have been introduced. Mr. I. H. Smith, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Vergennes, Mr. H. Ketchum is a native of Whiting, Vt., and is now city alder- man. He is an authority in the furniture trade, and both partners are valued members of commercial circles. J. H. DONNEIililf, Tailor, No. 7 Green Street.— The most popular, fashionable tailor of Vergennes is Mr. J. H. Donnelly, who is considered the leading authority on gentlemen's attire. The busi- ness so successfully conducted by him, was originally established by Messrs. Welcome & Son in 1875, and in 1878 the present proprietor succeeded to the control. His business premises comprise two floors, 25 X 70 feet in dimensions, elegantly furnished, ably managed in all departments, and by all odds the establishment is par excel- lence of its kind in the state. All the choicest fabrics of home and foreign manufacture are here to select from so that the most fastid- ious can be suited from his magnificent stock. Fashionable tailoring is executed on correct principles, all the niceties of gentlemen's attire are given strict attention, while the styles are absolutely faultless and the work of the cutter and fitter of the most skilled and perfect character. Each figure is made a study and treated according to its needs. A corps of skilled workmen contribute to the successful operations of the house, and the proprietor is driven with orders from all parts of the country. His sales in New York city amount to $1,500 per year. To those who appreciate the importance of perfect fitting garments from the best imported goods, we strongly recom- mend this old and popular house. Mr. Donnelly travels and sells his own goods; he is a member of the board of common council, was delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1888 and is a native of New York. He is eminently popular as the leading con- noisseur in gentlemen's dress in the city. Mr. Donnelly does busi- ness in every city in this state. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF MIDDLEBURY. IDDLEBURY, the county seat of Addison County, was chartered November 2, 1761. John Everts, Esq., having three towns to survey named the one on the south SaUs- bury, and the one on the north New Haven, and the third, from its middle position, Middlebury, The first land cleared in town was six or seven acres which John Chip- man, from Salisbury, Connecticut, cleared in 1766, but he made no permanent settlement at that time. In 1773 Benjamin Smalley, of Salisbury, came with his family and built of logs the first house in town ; the same year other families came. In 1778 the settlers built their first log school house. This memorable fall there was general destruction of property and capture of prisoners all along the borders of Lake Champlain, which caused a complete desertion of the settlement till after the close of the war. The settlers buried in the earth all of their effects that could not be taken in their flight. In 1783 the former settlers began to return. In 1786 the first bridge across the creek was built 'by Daniel Foot, and the village was organized at his house this same year and the first high- vways surveyed. 206 M I D D L E B U R Y , Y E K M O N T . 207 Samuel Miller, the first lawyer in town and one of the most distinguished citizens, settled in 1788. In 1792 the county courts were removed to Middlebury, where ihey have since been held. In 1793 the first post office was established. In 1794 the first jail was erected and was built entirely of wood, with prisoners' cells and dungeon; the second of stone at about $4,000 cost, in 1796; the third was built of brick, at about $8,000 cost, in 1845. Middlebury College. The first court-house, which was first occupied in 1798, was remodeled in 1814. In 1800 and 1806 the State Legislature held its sessions here. In 1801 the first number of the first 208 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF newspaper was published here by Joseph U. Huntington and John Fitch. The paper was called the Middlebury Mercury. The People's Press was published in 1841, and after several changes of proprietors and name in the intervening years it finally became known as the Middlebury Register in 1850, and is now published by the Register Company. The discovery of marble in this town was made by Eben Judd as early as 1802. In 1803 he obtained a lease of Appleton Foot to dig marble anywhere on his lot between ♦his house and the creek for 999 years. A factory was soon erected, in which was carried on the first extensive manufactory of marble in the state. Middlebury is one of the oldest and handsomest villages in the State. It was incorporated in 1852 and has a population of 2,993. It has a clayey soil not easy of tillage, embedded with rich marble quarries. Middlebury has been particularly favored in respect of mechanical inventions, among the most valuable of which is that of the circular saw, the inventor of which was Mr. Jeremiah Hall. The present method of welding cast steel was discovered in Middlebury as early as 1800 by three blacksmiths. Sawing marble by water-power with sand and toothless saws in gangs was invented about 1801 by Isaac E. Markham. The first full set of machinery for the manufacture of doors and window sash by water-power in this or any other country, was invented and put up in Middlebury. MIDDLEBURY, VERMONT. 209 ADDISON HOUSE, Opposite Court House and Post Office, Darwin Rider, Proprietor.— Commandingly located in the most cen- tral part of the town, opposite the court-house and post office, and conducted in an unexceptionable manner in every particular, as well as being provided with all the luxurious accessories of the modem hotels, "Addison House " has far more than a merely local fame. Visitors to the town who are well-informed, and a great proportion of those who come here periodically, making it their regular place of abode on such occasions and a large number of the residents making it a frequent house of call. This popular hotel was founded in the year 1866, and its proprietor, Mr. Darwin Rider, has had the entire control and personal management of its affairs for the whole of the time, with the exception of four years which lie spent in the south. Under his able guidance the hotel has been one of the most credit- ably representative kind, its high-class accommodation for one liundred guests being such as to elicit from those who have availed themselves of its hospitality, unqualified and unvarying eulogy. The whole of its chambers are light and airy, are sumptuously fur- nished and kept in the most satisfactory manner, a large staff of employees being retained for that purpose; and the courteous and affable proprietor spares no pains in personally looking after the comfort and convenience of guests in every particular, and in all the minutest details. In connection with the house is a barber's shop, an elegantly furnished and well managed billard room, and a first-class livery stable, the latter having well-drained and ventilated stalls, and being in all respects worthy of the house. A free bus is run regularly to all trains. Mr. Rider, who is universally esteemed by all who know him, and their name is legion, is a prominent member of the Masonic body. W. H. SHEIjDON, Druggist and Grocer.— A prominent house engaged in the drug, grocery and provision trade is that of Mr. W. H. Sheldon. The business was established in 1843 by Harmon A. Sheldon, and in 1871 Messrs. Sheldon, Goodnough & Lovett suc- ceeded to the business, the present proprietor succeeding to the con- trol in 1886. A full line of drugs and medicines are kept constantly on hand, and none realize more fully than Mr. Sheldon the responsi- bility resting upon him when engaged in filling prescriptions. For this purpose he is supplied with the best and purest drugs the market affords. He also carries an immense stock and has a large trade in groceries and provisions. Here may be found at all times the finest coffees, teas, spices, flour and hermetically sealed goods in glass and tin, foreign and American delicacies and everything that pertains to the staple and fancy grocery trade. The goods of this establishment are highly esteemed by the community for their fresh- ness, absolute purity and low prices, while customers have the satis- faction of knowing that nothing inferior or adulterated will be sold them. He also keeps a large and fine stock of boots, shoes and rub- bers, which are obtained at our best manufactories and sold at small profit. Four courteous and obliging clerks are employed. Mr. Sheldon also owns a gristmill furnished with abundant water-power and three run of stone. It has the capacity of grinding four hun- dred busliels per day. A large and flourishing business is done at the mill. Mr. Sheldon is a native of Middlebury, Vt. , and is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is universally respected for his honorable usi- ness methods. FRANK A. BOND, Gents', Boys' and Children's Fine Cloth- ing and Furnishings.- One of the most popular and succcessful business enterprises in this city is that conducted by the above enter- prising house. The establishment is popularly known as "Pine Hall," and was originally founded in 1868 by Langworthy & Bond. In 1873, Mr. Langworthy retired, leaving Mr. Bond in sole possession. In 1881 the house became F. A. Bond & Bro., and in 1886 assumed its former style. The premises are of a very spacious and complete character, and are in dimensions 35 x 100 feet. There is always car- ried in stock at this establishment one of the largest, most complete and varied assortments of gents', boys', and children's fine clothing and furnishings, such as underwear, shirts, neckwear, hosiery, etc., as can be found in this entire section. The house employs a corps of experienced and skillful help, and the goods displayed and car- ried in stock are always the newest in design and most fashionable in style on the market. Great care is exercised in selecting this stock, Mr. Bond making a careful and special study of the popular de- mands required in this community. Mr. Bond is a native of Brandon, Vt., an honored member of the K. of H. He is very highly es- teemed here, and is also a member of the firm of Bond Bros. PIERCE HOUSE, J. Higgins, Proprietor.— The Pierce House now so well known throughout the state, is located on Court Street, and its pleasant situation and beautiful surroundings are not by any means the least of the house's attractions. Entering, one finds the predilection formed for the establishment from its outward appearance fully warranted in actual fact. Every apartment throughout the house is spacious, airy, and well decorated and appointed, the furniture being of a handsome description, and the attention received at the hands of the many attendants, of the most courteous and obliging nature. The convenience of guests is studied in every particular; and from the bedroom, right through to the smoking and reading rooms, an air of home comfort reigns and here, be it said, that for its cuisine and table, the Pierce House has no superior in the state of Vermont. That the public, traveling to this neighborhood, appreciate Mr. Higgins' best endeavors, is amply testified by the hotel register. An excellent livery stable is maintained in connection with the establishment, and stylish turn- outs may be procured of various kinds, accompanied in each case by smart and careful drivers in neat and attractive liveries. Mr. Hig- gins was formerly proprietor of the Addison House, and is a hotel man of many years' experience. . li. D. EIjDRIDGE, Insurance Agent.— Few men in Middle- bury have led more active or more useful lives than has fallen to the lot of Mr. L. D. Eldridge, who has one of the busiest places in the town. Mr. Eldridge was born in New York but has always lived in Ver- mont, and has for many years been a practicing attorney in Middle- bury, and for many years has been prominent in the politics of the state. He has been a justice of the peace nearly twenty years. He was a member of the state senate in 1876 and in 1888 represented his town in the lower House. He is treasurer and one of the trustees of Middlebury College, and is regarded as one of the town's foremost and progressive citizens. Since 1864 he has been identified with in- surance matters, and his is one of the leading agencies here. He gives his principal attention to fire insurance, but has always been more or less concerned in the other lines. He represents some of the leading and wealthiest insurance corporations in the world, com- panies noted for the prompt and satisfactoiy manner in which they adjust all losses. The companies represented are the following: The ^tna, of Hartford ; Springfield Fire and Marine; Insurance Com- pany of North America; Imperial, of London; and Lancashire, of Liverpool; Liberty, of New York, and Vermont Mutual. Mr. Eldridge does a most extensive business, and has built up a heavy permanent patronage through this section for the companies he represents. ClilNTON SiniTH, Contractor and Builder, Manufacturer and Dealer in Building and House Finishing Material, Office and Mill, First Door on Mill Street.— No trade in city or country is of greater importance than that of the carpenter and builder, and in this line the house of Mr. Clinton Smith takes front rank and has developed a trade of great magnitude. The premises occupied comprise a two- story building, 40 x 100 feet in dimensions, supplied with abundant water power. Fifteen hands are employed in the mill, and all kinds of house finishing and building material is here manufactured. As a contractor and builder, Mr. Smith has no superior in the state and some of the finest private residences and public buildings in the state have been built under his direction, among whic^ may be mentioned the Court House and Town Hall at Bellows Falls, Town Hall at Middlebury, and Vermont Academy at Saxon's River, the new government building at Montpelier, Trinity Church at Watertown, N. Y., the State Asylum at Waterbury, Vt., a church at West Rut- land and a church at New Haven, Vt., Columbus Smith's residence at West Salisbury, Vt., and many other private residences. He em- ploys from 125 to 200 hands, and he is prepared to estimate upon and contract for every description of carpenters' and builders' work and all work under Mr. Smith's superintendence is performed in the most complete and thorough manner. To those contemplating the erec- tion of stores, flats, office buildings or private residences, churches, halls or schools, we would recommend to secure estimates from Mr. Smith and examine his elaborate plans and finished work before contracting elsewhere. Mr. Smith is a native of Middlebury, Vt. 210 IXDUSTlilES AND WEALTH OF OTIIiTOlV A. BROOKS, Fire Insurance, Court Street.— Mr. Milton A. Broolfs represents some of the stanehest fire insurance companies in the world. Mr. Brooks is prepared to promptly place the largest risks, distributing the same in the most judicious and sat- isfactory manner, quoting the lowest rates of premium, and guaran- teeing a speedy and liberal adjustment of all losses. Mr. Brooks controls the insurance of important lines of business and residential property, stocks of merchandise and personal effects in and around Middlebury, and is justly popular with all classes of property hold- ers, and the general business and social community. REGISTER CO., Publishers of the Middlebury Register, and Book and Job Printers, Mill Street. — Editing and controlling that valuable paper the "Middlebury Register," the Register Co. is one that is known and very highly regarded not alone in Middlebury but over a considerable section of the state of Vermont, its well ordered printing office being one to which trades in a large stretch of territory regularly look for the providing of their commercial printing, as well as for the periodical budget of news which is there published. This honored concern is one of the oldest of its kind in Vermont, it having been founded in 1836, and the proprietorship now vests in Mr. Joseph Battell and Mr. E. H. Thorp, the former a gen- tleman who has very long been identified with its interests, and whose fame in that connection is accentuated, amongst horsemen at any rate, by his well-known fondness for the equine race, and his rare knowledge of the great breeding stables, and the most noted pedigrees, information that will shortly be embodied in a register he is now preparing. His partner, who is a young man of marked bus- iness aptitude and great administrative talent, and who is taking a most active part in the conduct of the affairs of the house, has under his control eight employees in the printing office, which is equipped in the most perfect manner, its large assortment of well- selected fonts of type being supplemented by all necessary machin- ery, presses and i-equisites for the trade, thus enabling the firm to accomplish every kind of general, society, and commercial print- ing, as well a-s book work, in tlie most creditable manner, with great promptness, and at really reasonable prices. Mr. Battell, who is the proprietor of the '■ Bread Loaf Jim " Ripton, is a native of Vermont, as is also Mr. Thorp, and both are gentlemen highly popular with their fellow residents. CHAPOTAN & COOTPAIVY, Clothing, Merchant Tailors, Etc.— This enterprise was established by Messrs. Chapman & Hyde! under the present firm style in 1884, and they have very deservedly enjoyed a continuously prosperous career to date. The premises occupied comprise a spacious and commodious ground floor on Main Street, having a frontage and depth of 30 x 80 feet, giving ample accommodation for the manipulation and display of the exception- ally fine line of goods carried, and the general advantageous prose- cution of the business. The stock carried embraces a full line of imported and domestic cloths, tweeds, cassimeres, etc., in all the latest and most fashionable designs and patterns, fine ready-made clothing for gents', youths' and boys' wear; hats, caps, gents' fur- nishing goods, hosiery, underwear, neckwear, gloves, umbrellas, and the general complement of the well-appointed emporium of this type. A prominent specialty is made of custom clothing to order, and all garments coming from this establishment may be invariably relied upon in point of fit, style, finish and material. Mr. Chapman was born in Vermont, and is a prominent member of the Masonic order, his partner. Mr. Hyde, hailing from New York, and being simi- larly identified with the order of Knights Templar. The business is carried on a strictly cash basis, Messrs. Chapman & Company being ardent believers in the theory of " small profits and quick returns." INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF NORTHFIELD. c^'i^^JI HE town of Northfield is located in the southern part of Washington County and is bounded north by Berlin, east by Williamstown, south by Roxbury, and west by Waitsfield. It lies ten miles southwest from Montpelier and thirty-five southeast from Burlington. Its population according to the last census is 2,836. The town was granted November 6, 1780, and chartered to Maj. Joel Matthews and others Au- gust 10, 1781. The first land was cleared in the town by Hon, Elijah Paine. The town was organized in 1794. Dr. Nathaniel Richardson was first town clerk and Amos Robinson, Esq., was the first representative. Dog River runs through the town in a northerly direction and affords abundant water-power for mills and factories. The timber is hemlock? spruce, maple, beech, birch, fir, pine, ash and butternut. The soil is good and in many places easily cultivated. A range of argillaceous slate passes through the township from north to south. The surface is uneven and a range of high land passes through the town from north to south on both sides of the river. , The village is an attractive one with broad streets lined with beautiful shade trees, and contains handsome public buildings and some elegant private residences. It has two banks and four churches, viz.: the Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist and Universalist. There are two first-class hotels which are well patronized at all times. The graded school system is in vogue here and this village is also the site of the Nor- wich University. N O K T 11 F I E L D , VERMONT. 211 Manufacturing is engaged in to considerable extent; the river affording sufficient water- power and the Central Vermont R. R. supplying excellent transportation facilities. There are shops for the manufacture of brooms, doors, sash and blinds, force pumps and hand drills, creameries and churns, fork handles and chair stock, flour and feed, mattresses and spring beds, slates, marble and granite monuments, carriages, shingles and chairs. The village is supplied with water by the Northfield Aqueduct Co., and the Emerson Aqueduct Co., at reasonable rates. The fire department is efficiently organized and is always ready for service. The Northfield News, a weekly paper, is published here and has a wide circulation. Of the leading industries and the men who are prosecuting them, the following sketches will give an excellent idea. A. A. MINOTT, Dentist, over Dr. Nichol's Drug Store.— Dr. Minott is a native of Middlesex, this state, and was for a number of years witli tlie celebrated Dr. Hunt, D.D.S., of Montpelier, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the profession in all its details. He came to this place in 1884 and purchased this establishment from Dr. C. W. Locklin, who had founded it some years previously, and at once met with very successful results, while his business is increas- ing annually, extending as it does throughout Washington county and vicinity. He occupies a very finely appointed suite of rooms, comprising a handsomely furni.shed reception parlor and office, operating room and laboratory, in which will be found in active operation all the very latest improved mechanical and scientific appliances and devices known to the profession. The use of vital- ized air, anaesthetics and cocaine for the painless extraction of teeth have proved very successful in his hands and results have always been satisfactory. Teeth are filled with gold, silver or reliable com- pcsition in the very best manner, especially crown filling. A spe- cialty is the manufacture of artificial teeth either singly or in sets, on gold, platinum, vulcanized rubber or other bases, and particularly of the bridging process, and all work done here is guaranteed to give satisfaction. Dr. Minott is a very intelligent, refined and courteous gentleman, and a thorough master of his profession. li. li. MONTANA, Bakery and Restaurant.— A representative establishment of this type in Northfield is the recently opened bak- ery and restaurant presided over by Mr. L. L. Montana. He en- gaged in the business here during the past year, yet despite a some- what recent establishment, he already enjoys a large and well de- served share of the public recognition and patronage. His spacious and well ordered establishment is fitted up in a style appropriate to the business, the productions of the house embracing bread, made from the finest manufactured flour, cakes, pies, pastry and confec- tionery, green and dried fruits, cigars .and tobacco being likewise dealt in. In its particular line, the restaurant department presents equally advantageous recommendations, Mr. Montana's daily bill of fare comprising all the delicacies of the season the markets afford, served up in excellent style, and charged for on an extremely mod- erate basis. The patronage of the house, both as regards the counter and restaurant trade is rapidly growing in volume and value, and the establishment bids fair under existing favorable auspices, to rival and excel any similar enterprise of its type in this section. Mr. Montana is a native of New York state, and perhaps his phenomenal success in Northfield may be attributed to his uni- form courtesy to his customers, and the fact that his experience in this branch of business covers a period of over a quarter of a century. JOHN M. TEMPIiE, Fine Teas, Coffees, and Groceries, Crockery, China, Glassware, Etc.— This fiourishing and widely known establishment was founded a number of years ago by Mr. H. L. Kenyon, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1884. This gentleman had been with Cobb, Bates & Yerxa, of Boston, and understands the grocery business in every detail. Under his able management and direction the trade has reached its present volume and importance. The premises utilized are spacious, commodious and very appropriately fitted up with every convenience for the suc- cessful prosecution of the business. A full and complete stock is constantly carried, which embraces none but absolutely pure and fresh, fancy and staple groceries, the best brands of hermet- ically sealed goods in tin and glass, choice family flour, select dairy and fancy creamery butter and cheese, fresh eggs, farm and garden products, bakers' and laundry suppUes, etc. His stock of crockery, china and glassware includes all kinds of foreign and domestic, plain and highly ornamented sets and single pieces, the very latest novelties in lamps and their fittings, fancy articles and novelties for use and ornament, etc. These goods are all of the very latest styles and are of the very best quality and prices are extremely reasonable. The store is a model of neatness and cleanliness, polite service is accorded to patrons, and goods are delivered at residences in the village free of charge. Mr. Temple is a native of Greenfield, Mass., and has been a highly respected resident here for many years. DAVIS & PHIIililPS, Fine Monumental Work.— The enter- prising firm of Messrs. Davis & Phillips, manufacturers of and deal- ers in fine monumental work, have attained prominence in this line; and the extensive trade now at their command makes their ultimate position in the foremost ranks of the business, fully assured. Orders now reach the firm from all parts of the United States; and in order to cope with the heavy demand made upon their resources, a staff of fifteen competent workers is regularly engaged. Inasmuch as the undertaking was initiated as recently as 1890, this liberal measure of patronage and support cannot but be regarded as a fiattering and at the same time a substantial testimony of the firm's thorough skill in the preparation of monumental work of all kinds; which, be it said, are of the most artistic description and characterized in a marked degree by their high finish and by the excellence of the material em- ployed. This consists, for the most part, of light and dark Barre granite, which with the whole of the work executed, is guaranteed to be strictly first class in every respect. A large shed and polishing mill are hei'e maintained; every convenience, such as tools and ap- pliances incidental to the trade, being at hand. Every detail of the undertaking is conducted under the close personal care and attention of the two able and experienced principals, Mr. F. J. Davis and Mr. H. D. Phillips, who are natives of New Brunswick. C. K. REED, Clothing.— One of Northfleld's leading merchants is Mr. C. E. Reed. For the finest qualities of ready-made clothing, as well as for hats, caps and gentlemen's furnishing goods, this house has few equals in this section of the county, while it yields prece- dence to none, either in regard to the quality of its goods or the complete and comprehensive stock always carried. The business was initiated by the present proprietor, Mr. C. E. Reed, in 1882, since which time it has steadily grown with each succeeding year, in patronage and support, until the trade now at its command extends to all sections of Northfield and to the contiguous country for miles round. The premises occupied consist of a spacious store, 20 x 60 feet in superficial area ; elegantly fitted and well appointed to meet the exigencies of the business, and to display to due advantage the handsome assortment of goods always on hand. This includes gen- tlemen's youths' and boys' suits, in English, French, German and domestic fabrics, of the latest style and fashion and highest finish, overcoats and ulsters in various cloths, pants, dress suits, etc., hats, and caps, suitable for all wearers, at closely cut prices, and a full line of men's furnishing goods. Mr. Reed is a native of Williamstown, Vt. 212 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF J. K. EGERTON, Insurance Agent.— The reliance placed upon the services of Mr. J. K. Egerton, in his capacity as an insurance agent, finds easy explanation in the record of the transactions in which he has been concerned since the establishment of his business in 1878. The thirteen years of professional trading having given him a most clear and detailed insight into aM matters connected witli the insurance world, whether tire, marine or life, and brought to his firm great credit, for the adjustment of all legitimate claims promptly on fair and equitable terms. He occupies an unassailable vantage ground in being able to place risks with the oldest and soundest com- panies. Well in the fore front of these is the Insurance Company of North America, whose headquarters are in Philadelphia, a company founded as long ago as 179;i; the Phcenix Company, of Hartford Conn.; the Phoenix Company, of London, Eng.; the New England Company, of Rutland, Vt.; Liberty, of New York: the Vermont Mut- ual of Montpelier, Vt. ; and the Union Mutual, and National Life In- surance Companies, both of 'the last named city. He has won the confidence and respect of the companies he represents, by the per- spicuity of his judgment in accepting risks, while giving entire sat- isfaction to every bona fide insurer. He is, personally, very prom- inent in connection with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, being Grand High Priest of the Grand Encampment of Vermont, and a representative to the Grand Lodge. Mr. J. K. Egerton is a native of Northfield, and for four years was its respected town clerk, and is also vice-president of the Montpelier Board of Underwriters. O. I>. EDGEBTON, Dry Goods, Groceries and Carpets.— The house of Mr. O. D. Edgerton, dealer in dry goods, groceries, carpets paints, furniture, oil cloths, paper, notions, etc., is regarded, unani- mously, as the leading establishment in Northfield, for the various lines of goods handled, but more especially in regard to dry goods, groceries and furniture, which for prices and quality, place the house beyond competition. The business was initiated by the firm of Edgerton Bros, in 1866; then in 1888, O. D. Edgerton purchased the business, and the many facilities at the command of the house for obtaining the many goods dealt in. directfrom manufacturers and im- porters of the highest repute are essentially peculiar to itself. The building occupied, which Mr. Edgerton purchased in 1888, consists of two spacious stores and basement, well fitted in every way to meet the exigencies of the extensive trade carried on, and containing a heavy and comprehensive stock. This stock is cpmplete and self- contained in each department, and embraces all kinds of furniture suitable for the mansion and the cottage alike, carpets and oil cloths of every description, a full line of staple and fancy goods in great variety, a complete assortment of paints, oils, wall paper, and paint- ers' supplies, etc., whilst the celebrated, pure mixed paints of Messrs. Longm in & Martiaez are also conspicuous, the firm controlling the sole agency for these. Mr. Edgerton is a native of Potsdam. New York, and is vice-president of the Northfield Savings Bank, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. CROSS BROTHERS, Manufacturers of All Kinds of Barre Granite Monuments. — One of the newer industrial enterprises of this place is that of Messrs. Cross Brothers as granite workers. It was founded in 1889 as Cross & Co., the three brothers who now have the proprietorship being at that time in partnership with R. A. Davis and F. J. Davis, and it was upon the retirement of the last-named gentlemen' in 1890, that the present trading title was adopted. This enterprising firm undertakes the production of really fine Barre granite monuments, and makes a specialty of artistic drapery, of handsome carved work, lettering, and polishing; and its work has become so widely and favorably known that it has pa- trons in and sends its goods to all parts of the United States. For the purposes of the business a shed is occupied which is 40 x 150 feet in amplitude, in addition to a separate polishing mill, and from twenty-five to thirty skilled craftsmen, masons and sculptors are regularly employed, under the immediate direction of the principals, who are themselves accomplished exponents of the higher branches of the art. The energetic and distinctly progressive proprietors are Mr. M. W., Mr. G. A., and Mr. L. T. Cross, and it is only doing them bare justice to say that they have played an important part in rendering Northfield famous in their line of industry. They are all young men of Canadian birth. A. F. SPADIiDIIVG, Machinist, and Manufacturer of Force Pumps, Angle, Ratchet and Upright Drills, etc.— For the purchase of all descriptions of machinery, and for the manufacture of special machinery, the establishment of Mr. A. F. Spaulding provides the industrial section of the community at Northfield, and for a long distance round its borders, with all that can be desired in this line. Force pumps, angle, rachet, and upright drills, are among the staple productions of the firm, which has introduced a combination bench and breast drill, which is a piece of machinei-y unique in its charac- ter, of a high order of usefulness, and one which no tinsmith or stove dealer should be without, since, while it will drill up to a three eighth inch hole £is a bench drill, and only weighs about eight pounds, it may with the greatest simplicity be converted into a breast drill at will. Another specialty of the house is a ratchet wrench which will work equally well either right or left, by the simple movement of a key in either direction, obviating the necessity of turning it over, or even of taking it off when once in place. A recommendation of these mechanical devices additional to their great utility is their comparatively nominal cost, the price charged being $3.50 and $1.00 respectively. All sorts of larger or smaller articles, tools, or ma- chinery is manufactured at the establishment to order, and consider- able business is done as dealers in iron pipes and fittings, and rubber hose and fittings, the spacious shop occupied on Main Street, con- taining a very full and complete line in each department. The enter- prise had its inception in 1877 at the hands of its present able, practi- cal, and business-like proprietor, who is a native of New Hampshire. Mr. A. F. Spaulding is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, . and is commander of Johnson Post. F. li. HOWE & rO., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Marble and Granite, South of News Block.— The very important monument- tal works of Messrs. F. L. Howe & Co. are the source of supply for high-class work in its line, not for Northfield alone, or even for Ver- mont, but for a large number of patrons also in the west, who can appreciate sculptured and carved art. The firm's snop south of News block is just what one would expect in the case of a con- cern with so enviable a connection, and the very large stock of mon- uments, tablets, urns, etc., always on hand, are equally in keeping with its wide fame. The work of the house is principally to order, and the goods shown are chiefly designed as samples of the excel- lence of its labors. Judged from this standpoint the firm of F. L. Howe & Co. is entitled to its high rank, the monumental work which has left its shop during the past decade being such as any establish- ment might be proud of. Scotch and American granite monuments, headstones, borders, posts, etc., come within its scope, and have the very best and most artistic representation, the four monumental workers employed being craftsmen of great skill. The partners are Mr. F. L. Howe, who was born in Northfield, and holds the responsi- ble position of clerk of the village, and his father, Mr. E. W. Howe, who was born at Winhall, Vt., who has been for forty years in- the same line of business, and who is sheriff of Washington. County. INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF MORRISVILLE. ORRISVILLE is a fine thriving village on the line of the St. Johnsbury and Lake Champlain R. R., and on the Lamoille River near the Great Falls, and is surrounded ^ by sublime and romantic scenery. The Falls, which are but a few miles west of the village, afford one of the finest manufacturing sites and powers in the state. A daily stage runs from Morrisville to Waterbury, a distance of eighteen miles, and to Montpelier, a distance of twenty-four miles. The inhabitants are engaged in manufacturing to some extent, and among the articles manufactured are rubber stamps and stencil plates, stoves, hollow ware and castings, leather, paper, pulp, lumber, butter tubs, carriages and harnesses. The village has three first-class hotels, viz.: the Morrisville House, the Vermont House, and the Union House. The Congregational, Methodist, and Universalist societies are repre- sented here and each have substantial and attractive edifices. The village, like most Vermont villages, is well supplied with schools. The People's Academy, which was incorporated in 1847 ^"^ ^^^ ^ver been considered a first-class school, is located here. It has extensive apparatus and a large library, which is designed for the free use of students. Mr. O, C. Pitkin, A, B., was the first principal. The graded school system prevails and no town in the state provides better educational advantages for its children than Morris- ville. It is the home of Hon. Geo. W. Hendee, ex-Governor of Vermont and ex-Congressman from this district, and of Hon. H. H. Powers, the present member of Congress. The citizens are generally public spirited and anxious to encourage any enterprise that will help to build up their town. In looking over the military record of this town we find that several men enlisted in the war of 18 1 2, and in the War of the Rebellion the town sent out about eighty volunteers, nearly one half of whom never returned. The town, like most others of the state, was liberal in giving bounties. Morrisville is a thriving village and is a most delightful spot for a summer residence or a Vermont home. It is located in the midst of sublime and romantic scenery and the drives in all directions are beautiful. The river at this place (the Falls) pours itself into a channel, cut directly across the stream twenty feet deep and thirty broad. On the west side of this chasm a rocky wall rises perpendicularly thirty feet, and the beholder standing on the verge of this precipice witnesses a scene of great beauty and grandeur, for at his feet the whole volume of the river is plunged into this boiling cauldron, escaping through a channel at the south, where it spreads itself out and encircles numerous islands, whose high, jagged points are covered with a thick growth of cedar and fir. The precipice of rock which overlooks the Falls and the scenery below,- was named by the early settlers, "The Pulpit," from its resemblance to that 213 214 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF Portland hiKKi.T. structure. There is in the southeast part of the township a considerable body of water called Joe's pond, from an old Indian who resided on the borders of this water. This has become a famous resort for excursionists and lovers of the piscatorial art. LAMOILLE COUNTY Is said to have the finest scenery of the state. Within its limits is Mount Mansfield, with two lakes near the top and marked by its two slides on the north side. One slide occurred in 1830, the other in 1848. This slide ran from the Chin peak (which is the highest in the state) to its base,- a distance of three miles. Smugglers' Notch gaps upon the east. In the north rise Sterling and White-face, covered with snow two-thirds of the year, and Hog-back Mountain, Southern Belvidere and Mount Norris and Hadley occupy the northern part of the county. Ponds are numerous in this county ; among the most interesting are Bear Head and Lake of the Clouds on Mount Mansfield ; Sterling, one mile in length by half a mile in width ; Elmore, which lies in Elmore, one mile or more in length, on one side of which is a neat village and on the other a craggy mountain ; in Belvidere at the base of Belvidere Mountains, a pond a mile and a half in length, and one small pond in the west part of Waterville. In Hyde Park there are 12 ponds, and in Eden there are twenty, large and small. South Pond is two miles long and has been used as a reservoir. North Pond is two miles long and one mile wide, and at its outlet is a village and mills. The first mills built upon this site were swept away in 1807 by the bursting of the dam. Ores and minerals are found in the county to some extent. Soapstone is found in Water- ville and Johnson and copper and ochre are found in some parts of the county. Hyde Park, three miles from Morrisville, is the county seat, and the home of Hon. Carroll S. Page, the Governor of Vermont. M O R R I S V I li L E , VERMONT. 215 H. A. SLAYTON & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Flour, Mill Feed, Grain and Seeds, Coal and Brick, Nails, Salt, Lime, Kerosene Oil and Plaster. — Established in the year 1877, the firm of H. A. Slayton & Co. is now one of a particularly solid and substan- tial description, and one, moreover, which, while being the largest house in the county, as wholesale and retail dealers in flour, mill feed, grain and seed, is also extensively relied upon for the supply of coal and brick, nails, salt, lime, kerosene oil, plaster and other building materials. The lengthy trading of the house, and the tlior- ough experience of the principals, especially in relation to all mat- ters connected witli the more staple department of their business, renders them intimately conversant with the exact value of every grade of flour, mill feed, grain or seeds, and the best direct markets where such merchandise can be procured in large quantities, at the lowest rates, from time to time prevailing, while the extent of tlieir operations enables them to secure the best quotations. The benefits of this are liberally shared with patrons, and this it is which causes the trade of the house to be of so far-reaching a kind. In the other branches a similar policy is pursued, and the connection altogether is not only of great annual volume, but is remarkably well sustained and enduring. The premises occupied consist of a two-story build- ing, 30 X 00 feet expanse on each floor, and the heavy stock there carried in each line, and in all the leading grades, at all times suffices to meet the demands made upon the resources of the establishment. Mr. H. A. Slayton, who is assisted in the conduct of the business by four trained employees, is a gentleman of Vermont birth, and among the most popular of townsmen. H. P. MUNSON, General Merchandise.— One of the leading stores of the town is the establishment of Mr. H. P. Munson, located on Main Street. This business deserves more than a passing notice in this commercial review from tlie fact of the proprietor, having started in business only three years ago with but limited experience, has succeeded in building up a large and lucrative business. The premises occupied for this flourishing business consist of a large building with dimensions of 40 x 150 feet, and every part of this is brought into requisition for the storage of the immense and miscel- laneous stock carried, the fittings throughout being such as are specially designed to keep the goods in the best order, and ever get- at-able. Handling dry goods, the house is always able to display a choice stock, which embraces all the newest patterns and colorings, and staple articles which may be relied upon, not only for the ele- gance of their appearance, but also for durability in wear, and the stock is regularly kept fully replenished in all grades, sizes and varieties. In its transactions having reference to country produce, great inducements are offered for business, the firm buying direct from the producers strictly for cash, and being thereby enabled to supply its patrons with staple articles at the strictly competitive prices which this style of trading contributes to. West India goods, flour, corn, etc., have equally satisfactory representation, and a very great feature of the house is the large and influential patronage it has in boots and shoes, a department of the business which is specially cultivated, and in which it is able to render signal service. The trade commanded by the firm stretches to all parts of the town and county, and competent help are busily engaged in all of its de- partments. Mr. Munson is a Vermonter by birth, has resided here for about twenty-five years, and is one of the most prominent and popular citizens. liANO & CAinPBEIili, Jewelers.— Residents of Morrisville are all well acquainted with the reliable firm of Messrs. Lang & Campbell, jewelers, and dealers in watches and clocks, and dia- monds; and visitors to the town are not long in ascertaining that for high class and reliable goods it has no superior s hereabouts. The business was initiated in 1889 by Mr. George C. Lang, who, later admitted into partnership Mr. Campbell, who had pre- viously been in the jewelry business in Pueblo, Col., at which time the firm name was changed to its present style. The premises occu- pied consist of a handsomely furnished and well arranged store, having a floor space of 24 x 30 feet, containing a large and carefully chosen assortment of diamonds, gold and silver watches of the best known manufactures, wedding, signet and dress rings in choice variety, ear rings, pendants, lockets, chains, bracelets, trinkets and many other articles, far too numerous to mention ; all being charac- terized by that genuine good quality and positive reliability that have gained for the house the enduring support and high reputation it now enjoys. The repairing of complicated watches and clocks, as well as jewelry of all kinds, constitutes a leading specialty of the business, and in this connection two skilled assistants are kept busily engaged. The patrons of the house are representative of the best and wealthiest residents in Morrisville and the surrounding country; and every detail of the business is conducted under the close scru- tmy of the two able and experienced proprietors, who are both prac- tical jewelers. They are both natives of Vermont and are very popular in the best circles of society in the town. HAIili & CHENEY, Druggists, Portland Street.— The hand- somely appointed and spacious drug store, established on Portland Street^in 1890, is, in full accord with the fame of its eminent princi- pals, acknowledged to be in all respects the leading establishment in its line in the town, Messrs. Hall & Cheney, while representing the medical and pharmaceutical profession in a manner alike creditable to themselves and specially serviceable to their fellow citizens, are also alert, enterprising and able business men. The finely fitted up store is 27 x 30 feet in expanse, and in addition to its very full line of drugs and chemicals, inclusive of everything to be found in the pharmacopoeia that is in general request, in the best qualities and of great purity, also carries a fine selection of books and a large stock of stationery, and is replete with toilet and fancy goods. In the compounding of physicians' prescriptions great care is taken and skill displayed, and this is a department of the business which Invites, deserves, and is accorded a lai'ge measure of confidence, in recognition of the high attainments of the principals in their profes- sion, the senior partner. Dr. E. J. Hall, being the leading practitioner in the place, and a physician of proved skill. Hence, the trade of the pharmacy, which has alone been a brisk one in each department, is becoming a specially large and commanding one in this branch, the connection which has been secured being of a particularly influ- ential kind, and of a sustained and enduring nature. Dr. Hall is a nnember of the Grand Army of the Republic, he having served as surgeon during the war, while Mr. A. L. Cheney, who was born in Vermont, is one of the Sons of Veterans. T. "W. UTTON, Sale, Boarding, and Training Stables.— The old established, popular and well-known sale, boarding and training stable of Mr. T. W. Utton has been successfully established here since 1871. The premises occupied comprise a spacious and commo- dious stable, 30 x 60 feet in extent, and fitted up with every modern convenience and comfort. The lighting and ventilation are per- fect, and the entire establishment is a model of cleanliness, every regard being paid to proper sanitation. Seven skilled and experi- enced assistants are employed, and all horses entrusted to Mr. Utton's care, whether on sale, for training, or simply as boarders, receive the most careful attention, their welfare being looked after carefully in every particular. At present there are thirteen horses in his stable, including several well-known trotters. Mr. Utton started in business here in 1871 and since that time he has built up a large, liberal and influential patronage, and has firmly established himself in the confidence of horse owners throughout the country. His facihties for buying and selling are unexcelled, while as a successful trainer he has achieved a well deserved reputation. DB. jr. A. ROBINSON, Dental Surgeon, Post Office Block, Portland Street.— Among the many eminent dental surgeons in this county, prominent mention should be made of the name of Dr. J. A. Robinson, whose extensive practice in this section of the state, is in itself ample testimony to his consummate skill in the profession. Dr. Robinson commenced practicing in Morrisville in 1883, and dur- ing the time that has since elapsed, he has won for himself consider- able fame, by the many skillful operations he has successfully per- formed, and by removing the primary causes of tooth-ache, neural- gia, and tic-douloureux. For these various purposes, patients and patrons of all classes, for miles around, have resort to his parlors, as also for the extraction of troublesome teeth, the filling of cavities or the supply of new sets of molars, bicuspids, etc. In all these several duties, Dr. Robinson acquits himself with that skill which at once demonstrates his ability as a past master of his profession. Dr. Robinson is a native of Vermont, and a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, and it needs scarce!}- to be said, is held in the highest esteem. 216 INDUSTRIES AND WEALTH OF H. B. A: A. R. DANIEIjS, Manufacturers of Butter and Sugar Tubs. — Of the comparatively new enterprises of an industrial kind which have already struck root in a manner which entitles them to recognition as among the most stable and substantial busi- nesses of the town, that of Messrs. H. B. and A. R. Daniels, as manu- facturers of butter and sugar tubs, is a notable instance. The firm being one that commenced operations at the end of 1889, it now has a thriving and extensive trade, a fitting tribute to the thorough technical knowledge and mechanical ingenuity, and the great administrative talent brought to bear upon the business by the principals, as well as their alert and enterprising methods of con- ducting all their transactions, their punctuality in meeting their engagements, and their complete reliability in all respects. The mill has two floors, each 30 x 40 feet in dimensions, notable for its equip- ment with the latest machinery and devices for producing tubs in large quantities at a high rate of speed, without the sacrifice of quality, and the liberal patronage that has been conferred upon the house by large, critical and exacting buyers, Is at once a tribute to the firm's ability to compete successfully with all rivals, and the groundwork of its prosperous business, the total volume of which is such as to give regular employment to fifteen skilled operatives. Mr. H. B. and Mr. A. R. Daniels— who succeeded Messrs. J. W. Daniels & Son — are Vermonters by birth. Mr. A. R. Daniels is a respected member of the Free and Accepted Masons. O. THI. WATERinAN, Clothing and Furnishings.— The trade in ready made clothing and men's furnishing goods has an able and thoroughly representative exponent in Morrisville in the person of Mr. O. M. Waterman, who is now at the head of one of the oldest established and most successful business houses in this siection of the country. This business was originally established in 1885 by Mr. D. A. Gilbert. The present proprietor purchased the business in 1888 a.nd has not only retained all the former patronage, but by wise and liberal management has succeeded in greatly extending the trade of the house. The premises occupied comprise an ample and commodious store, 20 x 30 feet in dimensions, tastefully fitted up in the most modern style. Here is always to be found a large and well selected assortment of fine ready made clothing, hats, caps, shirts, collars, cuffs, gloves, neckwear and everything in the line of men's furnishing goods, besides a large stock of trunks, traveling bags, umbrellas, etc. The stock is without exception the finest of the kind in this section, while the prices are as low as possible con- sistent with first class goods. Courteous and experienced clerks are in attendance upon customers and no effort is spared to give satis- faction to all patrons. Mr. Waterman is a native of Barre, and was formerly in business in St. Johnsbury. He is a prominent and popular member of the Masonic order and an enterprising merchant. GEORGE K. CURRIER, Dry Goods, Groceries.— One of the most popular and prosperous of Morrisville's commercial estab- lishments is that of Mr. George K. Currier, dealer in dry goods, gro- ceries, boots and shoes. This flourishing business was established in 1836 since which time Mr. Currier has, by strict attention to business and the exercise of straightforward, honorable methods, built up a very large trade which extends to all parts of the surrounding coun- try. The premises occupied comprise a spacious and commodious store. 20 X 50 feet in dimensions, and fitted up with every modern facility for the proper transaction of business. Here is constantly carried a heavy and well selected stock of staple and fancy dry goods, both imported and domestic, fresh and pure teas, coffees, spices and everything in the way of choice family groceries; and a full line of fine and medium boots and shoes for ladies', gentlemen's and children's wear. Everything kept in stock is the best of its kind and a leading characteristic of the establishment has always been the low prices which prevail. Mr. Currier is a native of New Hamp- shire, but has long been identiied with the interests of this village and is a prominent and popular member of the Odd Fellow's order. H. E. CUTIjER, Photo-Artist, Portland Street.- Mr. H. E. Cutler started in business in 1887. and the excellence of his work at once attracted such attention that he soon had built up a large, liberal and influential patronage. The premises occupied are spa- cious and commodious, comprising two rooms, each 30 x 40 feet in dimensions. The oflflce and reception room are elegantly and taste- fully fitted up, while the operating room is equipped with all the most improved devices and accessories known to the profession, Mr. Cutler being an expert artist of great skill and experience, who does not believe in allowing any slipshod or inferior work to leave his studio. He uses the instantaneous process and is fully abreast of the times m all modern improvements. His portraits are justly celebrated for their fidelity, artistic excellence and beautiful finish, while his prices are as low as are charged in many other establish- ments for inferior work. As a photographer of children he has been particularly successful; and he makes a specialty of taking views of residences, scenery, public gatherings, etc., at short notice. He keeps in stock a large and well- selected assortment of albums, frames, mouldings, etc., which he sells at rock bottom prices. Mr. Cutler, is a native of Northfleld. A. W. MEARS, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Harnesses, Blankets, Robes, Whips, Etc.— For an incipient enterprise, the trade now controlled by the reliable firm of Mr. A. W. Mears, manufact- urers of and dealei-s in harnesses, robes, blankets, whips, etc., of Morrisville, cannot but be regarded as of the most satisfactory na- ture, and has been mainly brought about by the reliability of the goods made and dealt in and their uniformly superior quality. From all parts of Morrisville and the country for miles round, customers of all classes resort to the house for new goods, as well as for repairing of every description, and this latter, which constitutes a leading specialty of the business, is undertaken with neatness and promptitude and at consistently low prices. The house was initiated in 1890, by the present proprietor, Mr. A. W. Mears, under whose pei-- sonal care and attention every detail of the enterprise is conducted. The premises occupied consist of a well appointed store, having a floor space of 20 x 30 feet, furnished with a complete equipment of tools and appliances incidental to the trade, and two skilled workers being regularly engaged. A fine stock of single and double har- nesses, horse blankets, robes, whips, bi ushes and every requisite for a first-class stable is always carried, the whole being characterized in a marked degree, by their superior quality and reliability, prop- erties which have gained for the house the liberal support and high reputation it now enjoys. ITIRS. E. A. HADLEY, Millinery and Fancy Goods.— An establishment devoted to the making and sale of fashionable milli- nery is that of Mrs. E. A. Hadley, which was established in 1885 by Mrs. Soper . The business was purchased by Jlrs. Hadley in 1890 and is now the leading house of its kind in this section of the country. The premises occupied comprise a store 20 x 12 feet in dimensions, which is fitted up in the most attractive manner and which contains every facility for the proper display and inspection of stock. Here will be found at all times a fine display of the newest and most fashionable hats and bonnets; also a large stock of artificial flowers, feathers, ostrich tips, velvets, ribbons, trimmings and fancy goods. Hats, bonnets, etc. are made and trimmed to order in the most fashiona- ble style at the shortest notice. All work is performed under the direct personal supervision of Mrs. Hadley, whose practical expe- rience and good taste are sufficient guarantees that all orders will be satisfactorily filled. Mrs. Hadley is a native of this state, and a lady of marked ability who is very popular throughout the community. S. W. BOIiAC, Fresh and Salt Meats, Fresh Fish, Oysters. Tripe, Sausage, Crackers, Etc.— For fresh and salt meats, fresh fish, oysters, tripe, sausages, crackers, etc. the house of Mr. S. W. Bolac has few if any equals in this section of the county. Although the business was initiated as recently as October, 1890, it has made rapid progress towards the front ranks of the trade, owing largely to the uniform excellence of the edibles handled, and the demand on the establishment now necessitate the regular employment of two com- petent assistants and the retention of two wagons for delivery pur- poses. The premises occupied consist of a well appointed store, having a floor space of 15 x 30 feet, fitted with every convenience for the proper keeping of the large stock of meats, fish, oysters, tripe, sansage, etc., always carried, also a fine stock of groceries canned goods, spices, etc. Mr. Bolac is a native of Vermont, and was form- erly in business in Enosburg Falls. He is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, and has attained to considerable popularity. M O It R 1 S V 1 J. L E , V E 11 M O N T , E. D. ELiDRED, Ladies' Fine Footwear, Portland Street.— E. D. Eldred, although only established in business here a few months, has already developed a very flourishing trade. The premises occupied comprise a store 20 x 20 feet in dimensions, which is neatly and attractively fitted up with every modern facility for the display and inspection of stock and the comfort and convenience of patrons. The stock carried is large, varied and well-selected, and comprises everything in the line of ladies', gentlemen's and children's fine boots and shoes. A specialty however, is made of ladies' fine footwear, and the stock comprises everything that is new, fashion- able and seasonable in this line, from the stout walking boot to the daiutest satin or kid ball slipper. She carries also a full line of hosiery from the cheapest to the best silk, including out sizes for fleshy ladies. The stock in these lines is one of the largest and most complete in the state, while the prices are beyond competition. As a side issue she has the agency for northern Vermont, for the wonderful Jackson corset. Mrs. Eldred, who was born in Maine, is a pushing, enterprising business woman, and fully merits the success she is achieving. J. M. JOSliYN, Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes.— One of the most enterprising and popular merchants of Morrisville is Mr. J. M. Joslyn, who has been successfully established in business here since 1884, and whose name is synonymous throughout this village and the surrounding country for a radius of many miles, with fair and liberal dealing and strictly honorable business methods. The premises occupied for business purposes are ample and commo- dious, and comprise a store 20 x 20 feet in dimensions, which con- tains every modern facility for the proper transaction of business. Here is constantly carried a large and carefully selected stock, com- prising everything in the way of foreign and domestic dry goods, l)0th staple and fancy; selected teas, coffees, spices, flours, canned goods, molasses, and everything in the line of fine family groceries; besides a full line of everything in the way of boots, shoes and rub- bers for men, youths, boys, ladies, misses and children. Hides, skins, and country produce of every desci-iption are bought for cash, and Mr. Joslyn's store is now regarded as the principal entrepot in the village. Mr. Joslyn, who is a native of Waitsfleld, has long been one of Morrisville's most prominent and enterprising citizens. CARROIili T. MORRII^Ii, Fresh and Salted Meats, Gro- ceries, Fresh Fish and Oysters. Etc.— The many goods handled by the reliable house of Mr. Carroll T. Morrill, of Morrisville, are all obtained from the most reputable manufacturers and producers, direct; and in such consignments and on such terms and conditions as to enable the firm to successfully compete with rival dealers, for although initiated as recently as 1891, it is now extensively patron- ized by all classes of purchasers, the reliability of its goods, and their consistent cheapness being the main incentive to the liberal support the house now enjoys. Fresh and salted meats of all kinds ar? largely dealt in; as also a full line of staple and fancy groceries, while fresh flsh and oysters in season also come within the scope of the enterprise. The store occupied has a superficial area of 20 x 20 feet, and is well appointed to meet the exigencies of the flourishing trade carried on ; and here a very complete stock of goods in each department is always carried, being conspicuous throughout for choice variety and uniformly superior quality. A still further branch of the business is that conducted in hides and skins, which are purchased by the firm at the highest prices for cash, from raisers and others throughout the country. The worthy and enterprising proprietor, Mr. Morrill, is a native of Morrisville, and a member of the Sons of Veterans. W. M. CliARK, Fashionable Hair Dresser, Etc.. Portland Street. — The elegant ^nd attractive hair-dressing parlor of Mr. W. M. Clark is noted for miles round as a headquarters for fashionable hair cutting, comfortable shaving, singeing, shampooing, etc. The business was initiated by Mr. W. M. Clark, in 1872; and this gentle- man is an expert coiffeur of the first order; a fact which has been mainly instrumental in accruing to the house the liberal support and patronage it now enjoys. The barber shop is provided with every modern convenience incidental to the calling; and two experienced assistants are steadily engaged on the premises. The business is ma- terially supplemented by an extensive connection which the house controls in fine cigars, tobaccos, cigarettes and smokers' requisites, and for which it is a popular resort in the neighborhood, and is pat- onized by a large section of the very best and wealthiest residents. A heavy and comprehensive stock of hair wa.sh, hair oil, pomades perfumes, toilet powders and toilet articles generally ii always car- ried, as well as a carefully selected assortment of Havana, Sumatra, Key West and domestic cigars of the most reputable brands, and ready for inmiediate use, smoking tobaccos and chewing tobaccos cigarettes, pipes and a full line of smokers' supplies. Mr. Clark, who is a native of New Hampshire, is very popular in Morrisville, and is a member of the F. and A. M. ». N. HUTCHINS, Grocer.— Mr. D. N. Hutchins deals in fine groceries, provisions, confectionery, fruit, tobacco and cigars; and the store, 30 x 60 feet in size, is fitted up in a style specially adapted to the storage and display of the multifarious stock, compris- ing a very full selection of every staple article of grocery required in the household, all of the very best qualities, the teas and coffees carried being of delicious blendings and fine aroma; fancy grocer- ies and canned goods being obtained from the best and mo.st respon- sible houses, and all popular brands; confectionery, famed for its wholesomeness and toothsomeness being regularly supplied, while fruits of all kinds in season find a place in the store. Connected with this well-patronized store is a nicely-appointed billiard and pool room which is a very popular resort for lovers of those games, and those who are fond of good cigars, the place being highly famed for the choice brands handled. Altogether the business is a very pros- perous one, and two clerks a.ssist the principal. Mr. D. N. Hutchins initiated the enterprise in 1890, and his energy and enterprise have been accorded full appreciation. VERMONT HOUSE, A. G. West, Proprietor, Portland Street. — The Vermont House,'conducted under the eminently successful pro- prietary management of Mr. A. G. West, was inaugurated by him in 1873, since which time it has steadily grown in popularity and sup- port, and is now extensively patronized alike by commercial travel- ers, ladies, families, and private citizens. It is a pleasantly situa- ted, three-story building,, containing thirty-two rooms, used as bed chambers, dining hall, reading and smoking rooms, ladies' parlori etc., all of which are most appropriate in their respective appoint- ments, are handsomely decorated and draped, and are elegantly and comfortably furnished. Courteous attendants are retained to wait upon visitors, who are all unanimous in their praises of the ho- tel in its various departments; giving the highest laudation however, to the cuisine and table, which over and above the many luxuries the house affords, are distinctly its salient feature. A store is main- tained in the basement, and a fine livery in connection, carriages and vehicles of various kinds being always procurable at moderate ch.arges. Mr. West, the experienced proprietor, extends to all visit- ors a cordial welcome, and it need scarcely be said, is much es- teemed by all who know him. A. O. GATES, Druggist.— Commandingly located in the post- office building, the handsome and spacious drug store of Mr. A. O. Gates attracts notice alike from the prominent position it occupies, and by reason of the popularity of its proprietor. The store which is 20 X 40 feet in size, is fitted up and appointed in a style becoming the influential recognition accorded to it, as one taking a distinct lead in its line, and the stock of drugs and chemicals which is carried is well in keeping, comprising as they do very full lines of all such ingredients as are favored by the more famous practitioners of the day, and such druggists' sundries as are used for manufacturing or household purposes. This old pharmacy, established in the year 1868, is one greatly relied on by residents of, and all who make Mor- risville their trading center, for the compounding of physicians' pre- scriptions, this being a department to which special attention is paid, only the purest and best drugs finding a place in its laboratory, and two well qualified assistants being employed. Books, stationery and cigars, as well as toilet and fancy articles, are largely in stock, and the selection of such goods, displayed in profusion in the store, is of the best kind, while .wholesome and toothsome confectionery is also carried. The popular proprietor, Mr. Gates, is chairman of the school committee, is also well-known throughout the state. He is a a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and very widely known in con- nection with the Grand Army of the Republic, he being an old mem- ber of the Seventeenth Vermont Regiment, and at present depart- ment inspector for state. s^' 1$ ^I3d^ 3H V^^ , 'Hha 14 DAY USE KETUKN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or This booK is au ^^.^j^ renewed. 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