Ibeatb's flfeobern language Series SELECTIONS FOR GERMAN COMPOSITION. WITH NOTES AND VOCABULARY. BY CHARLES HARRIS, Professor of the German Language and Literature, Oberlin Collegt. BOSTON, U. S. A.: D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS. 1898. 88UYU Copyright, i8qo. CHARLES HARRIS. CARL H. HWNTZKMANN, PRINTER, BOSTON, MASS. \\ PREFACE. THIS book has been compiled in the hope of offering to be- ginners in German composition suitable material for useful exer- cise in translating from English into German. Reasonable ease and celerity in German composition is to be acquired only through drill in the common constructions of the language. It is not enough that the student write these constructions a few times ; he must write them and rewrite them, until they are ab- solutely his own. Such work is manifestly most profitable when begun early in the study of the language and made to keep pace . ' with subsequent advancement. O? Only such knowledge of forms as can be gained in a few weeks H is required for the use of Part I. The German originals and the notes are here expected to supply all the words needed in the M English paraphrases ; and it is believed that any one who has -H mastered German inflections can, with the aid of the Introduction, fc translate these paraphrases without reference to the Vocabulary. For the convenience of those who may wish to omit these Intro- ductory Selections, Part II. is made independent of Part I. The selections have not been chosen for any special literary value. It is easy to offer the beginner too good literature. One might almost say that for the purpose of composition, except in the case of ad- vanced students, the better an extract is as literature, the worse it is as an exercise. Even the mature beginner must first learn the simple style of every-day speech. The sole endeavor here has iii IV PREFACE. been to choose easy selections which should be progressive and offer much drill in the writing of common constructions. The omission of any of the selections in this Part is made possible by frequent reference to the more important notes. The two remaining Parts, which are entirely different in the character of their selections, are intended to supply more difficult exercises. As is the case with the other Parts, they are made independent of each other. The book may therefore be begun with dny Part, as best suits different degrees of advancement. The Notes are intended to progress with the text and to supple- ment, not to take the place of, such aids as the beginner may be expected to have at hand. Not a little lexical matter has been introduced in the case of common words and phrases which can not be translated literally. Great pains have been taken to have the Vocabulary complete and accurate and to adapt it to the wants of the beginner. Complete- ness and accuracy are here especially necessary, and corrections and suggestions will be thankfully received. The book owes much to the kindly suggestions of those who have examined it in proof or in manuscript. Special acknowledgment is due to Prof. H. K. SCHILLING of Wittenberg College, Prof. E. S. JOYNES of South Carolina University, and Prof. A. H. PALMER of Adelbert College. CHARLES HARRIS. OBERLIN COLLEGE, August, 1890. This edition has been carefully revised, and a number of small changes and corrections have been made in the notes and vocabulary. C H. May, 1891. INDEX. INTRODUCTION. PAGE Punctuation 3 Division into Syllables 4 Compound Words ......... 4 German Script 4 Order of Words 5 PART I. INTRODUCTORY SELECTIONS. GERMAN ORIGINAL WITH ENGLISH PARAPHRASE. r. Slmeife itnb ritle n 2. Sumnte Slnttnort n 3. S)er chafer itnb ber olbjcftmieb 12 4. S5ie njanbernben gvofdje 13 5. Sic pcvlirtge 13 6. Subnng XII. itnb ber ofmcmu 14 7. 3)er Settler 15 8. 2)ie iminbevbare Sriicfe 16 9. @ei nicfjt eitel 16 10. er 2JZorgeu 17 11. a ift and) auSflcgangm 18 12. 2)cr Xraucrmavjd) 19 13. 9JitffeII itnb Sismarcf 20 PART II. EASY NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 14. The rich Man and the Beggar 25 15. The Boy in the Woods 25 1 6. The King and the Girl 26 17. A Greek General 27 18. The Officer and the Peasant 28 19. The Lion and the Fox 29 VI INDEX. PAGE 20. Some Fables 30 21. Little Red Riding-hood .... 31 22. Why the Sea is salt .... 34 23. Puss in Boots . 39 24. Hop o' My Thumb .... 43 25. The Babes in the Wood .... . 49 PART III. LETTERS. 26. Family Letters 57 27. Brief Letters of Friendship . . . . 58 28. A Letter from Leipzig 61 29. Business Letters .... 63 30. Platen to his Mother .... .... 65 31. Mendelssohn to his Brother . . . . 67 32. Two Letters from Bismarck to his Wife .... 69 PART IV. BIOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND DESCRIPTIVE SELECTIONS. 35. Frederick Barbarossa .... 79 36. Goethe and Weimar .... 80 37. Schiller's Flight from Stuttgart . . . .82 38. The ancient Germans .... 86 . 88 40. Sobieski before Vienna 9 41. The Nile 42. The Battle in the Teutoburger Forest 94 VOCABULARY . 00 INTRODUCTION. BRIEF RULES FOR WRITING GERMAN AND FOR WORD-ORDER. INTRODUCTION. PUNCTUATION. i. As a rule, punctuate in German as in English. The following exceptions must, however, be noticed : 1. While parenthetical phrases and clauses are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma, or commas, as in English, single words which are parenthetical in their nature, are not thus set off. That is, the equivalents of words like however, surely, although, nevertheless, too, etc., if single words, are not set off. Thus : )er err aber lacfyte gar nidjt. @r toirb fy offentlid) ntcfyt lommen. $aufen <3ie mir aucb, ein ^aar. 2. While according to English usage certain subordinate clauses only are set off from the rest of the sentence, in German all subordinate claitses are set off. Thus : jd) hnH,, bajj er b, eute ^benb fomme. 2)te ganje SJBelt toeijj, toa id) f> abe. 2Ber ift ber SJlann, ben <5te geftern fab^en? 2)a3 erj U)ar ru^tg, tote bte 2Safferquette. 2)ag Steb, toetcfyeS fie fang, toar bubfd;. NOTE. This applies to subordinate clauses whether they are com- plete, contracted, or elliptical, or whether they precede, follow, or are incorporated in the principal clause. 3. Such infinitive phrases as are really equivalent to sub- ordinate clauses are also to be set off. Thus : $)aS ift bte an= geneb, mfte 2lrt, fid) beliebt 311 madden. <5te glaubten, bann auc> ftacb, tigatten 311 fetn. (3) 4 GERMAN COMPOSITION. DIVISION INTO SYLLABLES. 2. When it becomes necessary to divide a word at the end of a line, the place of division is determined by the pronuncia- tion of the word. Accordingly, a single consonant between two vowels is thrown with the latter vowel, and two consonants in the same position are divided. Thus : QttQtn, !en=nen, tetlsten. i . But d), f d), ph, tb, and are treated as single consonants, and (f becomes M. Thus : braiufjen, td'djen, bruf=feit. 2. Compounds are, however, separated into their components, and prefixed syllables of derivation are also separated from the rest of the word without regard to pronunciation. Thus: DouWllbcn, nug^ehcn, 3nter=effc, barium, ber=ein, er=ctfevn. COMPOUND WORDS. 3. German compound words are usually without the hyphen, being treated as one word. Thus : etnmal, en. NOTE. It should be especially observed that this order is required whenever the principal clause begins with anything else than the subject. (But cf. 13.) It is the usual order for questions, and for imperative, optative, and exclamatory sentences. i . The principal clause must be inverted, if the subordinate clause precedes, unless the latter is also the subject of the principal clause. That is, if an object clause or an adverbial clause precedes, it has the same effect as a simple object or simple adverb in the same position and causes inversion. Ex. : 2Ba id) toermod)te, babe id; getban. 2U id; in ^Berlin toar, fal) id; ifyn nid)t. O GERMAN COMPOSITION. TRANSPOSED ORDER. 8. The personal verb conies last in the clause. Ex. : a elb, fo ginge tcfy gern. OTHER ELEMENTS. 9. The other elements of the simple sentences have usually the same position in the three orders. The relative position of the most important of them is that indicated in the following, although it should not be understood that they will all be found in any one sentence : 1. Pronoun object. Ex.: %$ fyabe bir elb gegeben. (Sr fyat fie ju feinem eburtitag befommen. If there are two pronoun objects, the accusative usually precedes. Ex. : 5$ itntt fte bir gerne jeigen. 3)er altefte Sruber erbarmte fid> feiner. 2. Adverb of time. Ex. : ^d^ fyabe geftern meinen alten SSater befitcb, t. (Sr b, at mir i) eute ein 33ucb, gegeben. 3. Noun objects. The order of cases is usually dative, accusative, genitive, but a noun object denoting a person generally precedes one denoting a thing. Ex. : 3)er 2eb,rer INTRODUCTION. 7 Bat bent cottier einSucfy gegeben. @r befdjwlbigt feinen SDiener ber Untreite. at feinen SSater nicfyt gefet)en. But a negative modifying any special word precedes that word. Ex. : Uttcfyt jeber Sefer ^citte an feiner (Stette fein mogen. 6. Predicate adjective, or noun. Ex. : Unfer Dfyeim ift ntd^t reid^. $$ bin lange Iran! getoefen. 7. Separable prefix. Ex.: 2)te 2lrbeiter lommen bom fitlbt ^uriicf. SStrb bie aft, fo magft bu im -JBinter tangen." S The Ant and the Cricket. A cricket, which 2 came to an ant in winter, said : " Give me something to eat!" But when 3 the ant asked her: "What did 4 you (then) do in the summer?" she 5 an- swered: "I sang. 6 " Thereupon' the ant said: "You sang 6 in summer, and you may dance in winter." 10 %. Stumtne Slntuwt. 3um fcfytoa&ifdjen eere fam im $a^re 1795 ein ^efrut, ber ein fd;oner toofylgetoacfyfener 1 -JRann iar. SDer Officer fragte if>n, tuie alt er fei. J 2)er 9tefrut anttoortete : ,,@inunbs gtoanjig ^a^re alt. $$ &i n e i n 9^ n ^^ S a ^> r ^ ran ^ getoefen, fonft 8 h)dre icfy jtoeiunbjh)anjig." 15 1 (inasmuch) as. 2 Subor. clause; transposed order; cf. 12. * but -when = when however = al8 aber. Order? 4 did do = have done. 'Invert. Why? 6 sang = have sung. 7 borauf. Order? 1 well-grown = well-built. a Subj. of indirect discourse. 3 other- wise. 1 1 12 GERMAN COMPOSITION. A stupid Answer. In the year 1795 a recruit 4 came to the Suabian army. He was a handsome, well-built man. When 5 the officer asked, " How old are you?" he answered 6 that he was 7 twenty-one years old, and that he would 8 be twenty- two, if he had 9 not been ill [for] a whole year. 3. $er offe. The Shepherd and the Goldsmith. A stupid shepherd went to a goldsmith 8 who thought* that the man had 7 a large lump [of] gold, because he asked how much a lump of such and such a size would 7 i^ be worth. And so the goldsmith entertained him 8 splen- didly, for 9 he wanted to make him pliant. At last he asked: "Where did 11 you find the lump?" Then the shepherd answered : " I have not yet found any, but I hope to find one soon 12 ." 4 Cf. n. s dt8. 6 Order? For punctuation of following clause, see i, 2. 7 Indirect discourse. Pres. subj. Cf. 28, n. n. 8 Pret. subj. 9 Plupf. subj. 1 a so and so great lump = a lump of such and such a size. 2 be* rtrirteil = entertain. 3 malleable = pliant. 4 nod) fetlten = as yet none = not yet any. s Punctuation? 6 gtaitbrn, not benfen. Use here ind. dis. after glailben. 7 Tense and mode ? Order? 8 Cf. 32, n. 17. 9 bnui. Normal order,- cf. 10. l ivant to= rooUen, with simple inf. " Perfect tense. 12 Order ? INTRODUCTORY SELECTIONS. 13 4. Tic niiiittu'vuiHMi Set 1 grower <5otnmerfyi$e trocfnete 2 ein umpf au, unb bie betben $n>fd;e, toelcfye tfyn nod> betoofynten, mufcten toanbern. @ie famen an etnen ttefen SBrunnen, ber nod) jtemltcfy 8 triel SBaffer batte. ,,oflen hrir btnetnfyityfen 4 ?" fragte ber jiingere. ,,^ein/' rief ber altere ; ,,benn Suenn ba 2Baffer aud^> ^)ter au= 5 trocfnete, icie fottten ioir inieber Ijerau3tommen B ?" The wandering Frogs. Two frogs were still inhabiting 6 a swamp when 7 it 8 dried up in [the] great heat of summer, and they had 9 to wander [away]. A well to which they came, still had a little 10 water [in it]. The younger frog asked whether 11 they 10 should not jump in. 12 " No," cried the older [one] ; " do you think 13 that we could 14 jump out again, if the water dried 14 up here too?" 5. Tic (Sine alte ^irdje, iuelcfye ben <5perlingen ungaBItge defter gab, icurbe auggebeffert. 1 2113 fie nun in tfyrem neuen lanje 15 baftanb, lamen bie <5perltnge iotebev, ibre alten SSofynungen ^u fud;en. 2lttetn 2 fie fanben fie atte bermauert. 3 ,,^u it>a," fd^rieen fie, ,,taugt* benn nun ba gro^e ebaube? ^ommt, berla^t ben unbraucfybaren tetnbaufen." 1 in. 2 ail8tVO(fneu = dry up. 3 tolerably. 4 Why not f)eveilt= t)iipfcn? s Why not IjinailSfommeu? 6 were still inhabiting = inhabited still. 7 at. 8 er. Why? 9 have to = miiffcil, with simp. inf. 10 ein njentg. " ob. I2 Is it ^inein, or fjeretn? Order? 13 glaubjl bu. I4 Subj. 1 au9bef|ern = better = repair. * attein = abcr. 3 ttermaucnt = wall up. * tangcil Jll = be fit for. 14 GERMAN COMPOSITION. The Sparrows. The sparrows had built 6 themselves 8 innumerable nests in an old church. But 7 when the church was being repaired, they had to leave their old dwellings. And when they came back, the church stood before 8 them in its new splendor, but their old dwellings were all walled up. Then they 9 all screamed : " Come, [let us] leave this great building. It is fit for nothing 10 ;" for they considered u the repaired church a useless heap of stones. 6. Sitbttrig XII. uttb bet >:->ofmnnn. @in ofmann rtet Subhng XII., $om'g bon $ran!reicfy, er 10 moge 1 etnem retcfyen SBurger, ber tfyn, efye er nocfy $onig tear, beleibigt fyatte, affe feine liter nefymen. SDa ertoiberte Subirng : ,,5$ toar nocfy nid^t ^ontg, aU er mid) beleibigte. ^e^t all ^ontg bin id^ fein SSater geiuorben; t$ mu^ if>m atte Mrs geben." Louis XII. and the Courtier. 15 Before Louis XII. became king of France, a rich citizen had insulted him. But when a courtier advised him" to take 3 [away] all the man's property, 4 Louis replied : " He did not insult the king, for he insulted me before I became king. I am now his father, as 6 I have become his 20 king, and so I must forgive him." 5 bauen. 6 Dat. refl. ; fid) (felbft). 7 -when however (abcr). 8 ttor. Case? 9 Order? I0 nid)t. " consider = Ijalten fiir. 1 Ind. dis. after riet. 2 Dat. Arrange, him a courtier advised, 3 to take = that he, etc. See German above. 4 the man (dat.) all hit property. s as = inasmuch as = ba. INTRODUCTORY SELECTIONS. 15 7. $et Pettier. in reiser 9Jlann gtng an einem fatten SJBtntertage fpa* jteren. @r fyatte fid) fo 1 toarm hne mogltd^ angejogen. 2 roij s alle bem f ror * tbn fo, bajj tfym bte Babne flapperten. @r fafy einen armen Settler unb itwnberte fid) ntd)t toentg, tote e3 bem Settler ntogltd; fet, fo balb nacft fyerumjulaufen, obne bte 5 alte fd)etnbar 6 ju fu^Ien. W 2)a8 fann id^ ^^nen Ietrf)t er= flaren," f^rad^ ber Settler. ,,2Benn tcfy attlge^e, fo jte^e \$ atte ntetne ^letber an, aber ie laffen ben gro^ten 5tetl $fyrer ^letber ju aufe. G ftnb bte ^letber, bte te jit aufe ge laffen ^aben, toelcfye ^f>nen ba 2Better fo fait fcfyemen laffen." 10 The Begg-ar. A rich man wanted to take 6 a walk on a cold winter day. After 7 he had dressed himself as warmly as possible, he went out. Although 8 he had put on his warmest clothing, the cold was so great that his teeth chattered. He wondered not a little when he saw a beggar who was going 9 about 15 half naked and apparently not feeling 10 the cold. " That is easy to explain," said the beggar. "When 11 I want to take a walk on a cold day, I put on all my clothing ; but you have left the greater part of your clothing at home. It is" not the clothing which you have put on, but 13 that 14 20 which you have left at home, which makes 15 the day seem so cold to you." 1 jo tt)ie as as. 2 aHjietjen = pull on = put on (of clothing), fid) angiefjen = ? 3 in spite of all that. * frteren = be cold, (eg) fror il)tt = ? s apparently. 6 take a -walk = fpagtercn flefyen. 7 after (conj.) = nadjbeitl. 8 obgletcl). Order? 9 was going about = went about. 10 Say, /? ie uiun&evlum' %fy toeijj etne SBriicfe, bie ift ni$t toon Sftaurern unb 3im= merleuten/ ntt au olj iinb ntcfyt aul Stein gebaut; ber Hebe ott fyat fie nur au SBaffer bereiiet. Sie toirb manfy= mat fefyr fcfynett fertig, 2 toofyl 3 in einer -ftacfyt, fann aber au$ 5 hrieber eben fo fd^neE berfcfylmnben. @ie lann bie onne unb bte linbe Suft nicf)t bertragen. ^f>r lanj berge^t, fobalb bie (Sonne rec^t toarm barauf fcfyeint. 2lm Icingften bauert fie bei ftrenger SSinterf elite. 25 a toirb fie immer* bi^er unb fefter. The wonderful Bridge. I have often seen a wonderful bridge which God makes 10 from nothing but water. No 6 mason can build it'of stone. No carpenter has ever 7 built such 8 a bridge of wood. It 9 often 10 disappears very quickly, even in a night, but it is often just as quickly completed. As 11 soon as the sun shines upon it 12 and it feels the soft air, its splendor passes 15 away, and it becomes water again. When the cold of winter is very severe, the bridge lasts longest, 13 for it then becomes constantly thicker and stronger. 9. Zfi utrin citcl. 2U ein beriifymter SSeifer 1 nod) ein $nabe tear, Ia3 2 er eineS 2lbenb feinem SSater au ben fyeiltgen 33ud>ern bor. 20 (Seine Sriiber fd)Iiefen ein, unb er fpracfy: ,,@ie^, 3Sater, affe 3i mmermann - 2 f evt '9 Werben = get ready = be com- pleted. 3 indeed = even. 4 always thicker = constantly thicker. 5 al8, or say, as above, for the whole phrase, ituv ciu Staffer. 6 feiu. 7 je. 8 such a = tine joldje, or jo einc. 9 Pronoun ? I0 Order ? " as soon as = jobdlb (al^). 12 upon it= barauf. I3 Adv. superl. as above. 1 wise one sage. SBeifer is an adj. used as a noun. 2 Dorlefen (dat.) = read before = read aloud to. INTRODUCTORY SELECTIONS. I/ fcfylafen; icb, attetn bete nod)." >a nafym ttm fein SSater bet ber anb unb tyracb,: V D mein 6ob,n, toare el nidjt beffer, aucb, bit fcb, lief eft, al baft bu fo eitel 3 btft auf bag, toaS bu tb,uft?" Do not be vain. One evening a. father listened * while 6 one of his sons, 5 who afterwards 6 became a famous sage, read aloud to him out of a sacred book. After the other sons had 10 fallen asleep, this [one] said to his father that he alone was still praying, 7 and that all his brothers were asleep. Then his father, taking 8 him by the hand, said : " O my son, you are 10 vain of what you are doing. It would be better for 9 you to sleep than to be vain." 10. $et 9Rovgett. SDte ^ftacfyt ift tooriiber, e hnrb fy eft. 2)ie ^tifyne fyaben fdjon eine ^d^m^ 1 gefrafyt unb ben SRorgen berfiinbet. S)ie er= lwad;enben SSogel jtoitfcfyern tior ben ^enftern. 2)ie -Dtenfcfyen 15 berlaffen ba Sett. 3Me a3 ift and) ftu3geg(tttgen. @in err, toelcfyer oft won etnem langtoeiligen SBefucfyer laftigt toorben toar, gab feinem SDiener ben SBefefyl, biefen fcfyen ntcfyt hneber borjulaffen, 1 fonbern ifyn fyoflicfy abjutoeifen. 1 33alb fam aucfy ber unfrmttlommene aft unb fragte ben 2)iener, *5 ob fein err gu aufe fet. ,,-ftem," anttoortete ber Wiener, ,,cr ift augegangen." ,,^n biefem ^atte 3 /' bemerfte ber Sefud^er, ,,mod^te \fy $fyre errin feften; id^ babe ibr eth)a ju fagen." ,,6ie ift aucb auegegangen," antiuortete ber SDiener. ,,11^ id^ h)erbe auf fie ftmrten ; aber ba e fait ift, it>erbe ic^> neben bem 20 Better int (Salon ^3latj' 4 nebmen." ,,S)a ift aucfy au^gegangen/' fagte ber 2)tener tnit ber gro^ten 9iube. 5 4 Order ? s iDerben. 6 ba ^ratjeit. 7 Srwac^en is intrans. ; er- tnedten is trans. " toor. 9 bie 2Ttenfd)en. I0 aufftel)en au8. " auf. Case ? 12 Notice the renderings of in above in the German. 13 ob= flletcf). u Order? 1 oortaffen = let before = admit (to one's presence). 2 abroeifen = direct away = dismiss. 3 in this case = then. * take place = take a seat. 5 rest = calmness. INTRODUCTORY SELECTIONS. 1 9 That's out too. A tedious visitor had so greatly 6 annoyed a gentleman that he at last ordered his servant not to admit this person 7 again. When the unwelcome visitor came and asked the servant, " Is your master at home?" the latter, 8 wishing 9 to dismiss him politely, said that he was (gone) out. Then 5 the visitor remarked : "Tell 10 your mistress that I should like 11 to see her, as 12 I have something to say to her." The servant answered that she too was out. The visitor re- marked that he would wait for 13 her, but as 12 it was cold, he would take a seat by the fire in the parlor. But the servant 10 replied with the greatest calmness : " That's out too." 12. ct $ett nad) bem obe be $omponiften -iJJletyerbeer fam ein -ifteffe beSfelben 1 ju Sfoffini unb bat biefen urn bte @rlaub= nig, tfym einen rauermarfcfy borfptelen jit biirfen, 2 ben er ju @I)ren s feineS DnfelS fomponiert batte. Stofftni gab bie @r= 15 laubntS unb ftorte bie tnittelmafjige ^om^ofttion gebulbig an. ^un, toa benfen (ie babon?" fragte ber junge SJtann, nad^= bem er f einen -Jftarfa) ju (Snbe 4 geftnelt batte. ,^ia^t iibel, mein junger $reunb/' anttoortete 9toffini, i^m auf bie djulter Ilo^fenb, ,,aber fyiibfcfyer Iware e bod) getoefen, toenn @ie ge* 20 ftorben tociren, unb ^^r Dnfel ben SCrauermarfcf;) fomponiert ^atte." ' Say, fo jel)V. 7 SJJenfd) here depreciatory. 8 biefer. 9 Say, who wished. Ie jogen. " should like = mbd)te (gent). I2 bo. 13 Preposition ? 1 a nephew of the same = one of his nephews. 2 to be allowed. 3 Jit Gljretl = in honor of. 4 played to the end played through. 2O GERMAN COMPOSITION. The funeral March. A nephew of the composer Meyerbeer composed a funeral march in honor of his uncle. The composition was a very mediocre [one], but the young man wanted to play it to Rossini. 8 Accordingly 6 he went to 7 him and asked 8 5 for (the) permission to play the march to him. Rossini gave (the) permission and listened 9 patiently, until 10 the young man had played his march through. When the latter asked him what he thought of it, 11 Rossini slapped him on the shoulder and answered : "The march is not 10 bad, my young friend. But if you had died, and the march had been composed by 12 your uncle in your honor, 13 it would have been nicer." 13. SKitffelt wnfc i3marrf. raf Dbo iftiiffeft, ber englifcb, e efanbte am beittfdjen ofe, befitcb, te eine age ben ^iirften 33imatm feinen ut unb empfafyl 10 fid. Russell and Bismarck. When Lord Odo Russell was the English ambassador at the German court, he was one day making a call 11 on (the) Prince Bismarck, and after a rather long conversation he 10 remarked that the visits of tiresome people doubtless often annoyed a man like the imperial chancellor. " But you can surely get rid of such people by 12 some means or other," continued ls Lord Russell. " Of course," said Bismarck ; "for example," I often 15 have 16 my wife come and call me 15 off on " one pretext or another, and then the visitors have to leave." Scarcely had Bismarck spoken these words when some one 18 entered. It was his wife, who said to him that he ought 19 to take his medicine. Lord Russell, who was a man of the world, saw the humorous side of the affair, 20 and 20 broke out into a loud laugh at 21 these words. Then he took his hat and left. 6 have myself called off. Observe the act. inf. 7 resounding- = loud. 8 aitffaffcn = lay hold offtake. 9 cheerful = humorous. 10 fid) empfehlcn = commend one's self (on leaving) = leave. " make a call on = bejudjen. I2 buvd). " fovtfoljvciu u gum S3ciipiel. IS Order ? I6 laffen. " unter. " jemanb. " fallen, with simp. inf. 20 affair = thing = Cld)C. 21 bet. PART II. EASY NARRATIVE SELECTIONS EASY NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 14. The rich Man and the Beggar. A beggar said to a rich man : " Brother, give l me some- tning." The rich man asked: "Since when 2 have* we (then 4 ) been brothers ?" "Why," 5 said the beggar, "are we not all sons of Adam!" "You are 6 right," said the other, "I did not think 7 of that 8 " ; and then he gave the 5 beggar a penny. " But a penny is a very small present for a brother," said the beggar. "What!" cried the rich man, greatly astonished, " friend, if all [the] sons of Adam gave you as 9 much as I [have], you 10 would soon be the richest man 10 on earth. 11 " 15. The Boy in the Woods. 1 A boy ran [out] into the woods. Then the oak said to him: "Come, 2 lie down in* my shadow." The boy an- 1 gteb. 2 fett njamt. 3 have been = are. Present for the perfect to express what still continues. 4 Contrast then here and in 1. 5. s why (of surprise) = ci. 6 be right (adj.) = rcd)t (noun) Ijabni. 7 The German has only the one form for thought, was thinking, did think. 8 of that = bai'ail. See grammar for this use of a prep, compound, instead of the pron. and prep. 9 so. 10 If the conditional clause precedes, invert the principal clause and begin it with so. Thus, so would you. " cntf bcr (Srbe, or aitf Svbni (old dat. sing.). 1 Sing. 2 Use bit in speaking to a child, an animal, or an inanimate object. Form of imperative here? 3 Case? 2 5 26 GERMAN COMPOSITION. swered : "When 4 I come back I will 6 do so 6 ; I am not tired now. 7 " Then he met the lily-of-the-valley. It " said : " Come, smell my fragrance." The boy went [up] to 9 it, and be- 5 cause it smelled so sweet, 10 he said : " I will take u you along with [me] to 12 my mother." And the flower was satisfied. 13 Then he caught 14 sight of the red strawberry. It cried to him: "Come, pick me, I am ripe." Then the boy an- 10 swered : " Strawberry, I will take you along with [me] to my sister." And the strawberry was satisfied. At last the boy came to the nightshade. It cried to him : "Come, eat me, I am ripe." The boy answered: "I do not want 15 to eat you; you look 16 poisonous; but I will 1 5 pick you and show you to my father " ; he knows 18 you better than I [do]." 16. The King and the Girl. A king was 1 received 2 in state 3 in a village. The school- children and their teacher welcomed him, and a little girl recited a poem to him, 4 with which 5 he was much 6 pleased. 4 When in questions (direct or indirect) is roann; referring to a single action in the fast it is at ; elsewhere it is Umut. s Is it future (lUtrben), or does it express purpose (tt)oEett)? 6 e3. 7 Better, now am I. 8 Pronoun ? 9 $u. 10 Hebftd), rather than jiifj. " take along with = mitnetjmen. 12 to (expressing motion to a person) = gu. 13 bamit (or simply e$) ftufrieben. l4 catch sight of = erblicfen. 15 ttjoflen. I6 look = appear = auSfehen. I7 Simple dat. I8 femmt, not nriffen. Why? 1 A real passive; ttiurbe, not tear. 2 receive (guests) = empfaiigeit, not erhatten. 3 in state = feftlid). * Simp. dat. 5 with which = rooriibcr. 6 Much (as adv.) is usually febr, not Biel, NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 2/ "You have performed your task nicely," said the king. "But now I want to ask 7 you some questions. Where 8 does that belong?" he asked, and showed the child an orange. "To* the vegetable kingdom," answered the girl shyly. 5 "Where does that belong?" asked the king again and pointed to 10 a gold-piece. "To the mineral kingdom," was the answer. "But where do I then 11 belong, my child?" was the third question. The child looked at the king pleasantly and said : "To the kingdom of heaven." 10 Then a tear glistened in the king's eye, and he lifted the little girl up and kissed her. 17. A Greek General. Once, 1 when a famous Greek was in command of the army, he learned 2 that his armor- bearer had given a pris- oner his freedom for money. "Give me back my shield," 15 the general said to him, " since money has sullied your hands, you can not be my companion in dangers." The same general once 3 answered some one who wanted to bribe him : "If that which 4 your king wishes, is right, I shall do it for nothing 5 ; but 6 if it is not right, he has not 20 treasures enough to 1 bribe me." And yet 8 his poverty was really so great that he had only 7 ftcQen, for euphony's sake. 8 tt)ol)tn. 9 in (ace.). I0 auf. Case? Cf. 25, n. 4. 1 einft. 2 learn = to get by experience, or from the reports of others = Ctfahrcn, not Icrrtcn. 3 Order ? 4 that, -which = bdS, roa (not roetche?, or ba). 3 for nothing = umfonfh 6 but ollen. 22 Omit together, or say, and some soup thereto (ba^lt). 23 get = become. 24 htnten. 2S mocfjteft bit. 26 that to do. " barauS. 28 Say, while she did this. 29 Say, came she however from the path off (ab). ^ Cf. 28, n. 2. 3I out there = (ba) brailfjen. 32 Comma after bittc, if open is imperative. Contrast open here and in 1. 23. 33 get out of= ailf* ftcljeu cm bent. * Aux. ? NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 33 The wolf did so M and went into the room and devoured the grandmother. Then he put on* 6 her clothes and her cap, and lay [down] in the bed and covered himself up. Soon' 6 little Red Riding-hood came and knocked at the door. The wolf said, "Who is there?" She answered: 5 "Red Riding-hood, grandma. Please open the door." The wolf answered : " I can't get out out of bed ; I am ill. Press on the latch, and then the door will open." The little girl entered the room and said : " Grandma, I have some cakes and some soup for you. Where shall 37 I put 10 them?" The wolf answered: "Put them on the little table by the door, and then come to me." The little girl 88 grew quite anxious, for the voice of the wolf did not sound like 39 her grandmother's. 40 She went to the bed, however. 41 Then she said: "Oh, grandmother, 15 how strange you, look ! You have such 42 big ears." " [So] that I can hear you better." "You have such big eyes." " [So] that I can see you better." "Grandmother, what 48 big hands you have." " [So] that I can lay hold of you better." " But, grandmother, what a fearfully large mouth 20 you have." " [So] that I can eat you better." And with that the wolf jumped out of the bed, devoured little Red Riding-hood, and lay down again. He had eaten too much, and soon 44 fell asleep and snored. . 34 When so is a sort of indef. obj. of a verb or represents in predicate a preceding word or phrase, it is translated by e$, for which b(l8 is substituted when emphatic, or at the beginning of the sen- tence. x Two different verbs for put on here ; see vocab. * Say, soon after-wards (bavaitf). 37 When shall expresses obligation (am to, ought to, etc.\ use fallen, not luerbcn. 38 G8 ttmrbe bem fletnen 2ftabd)CU gaitj baitflC. Notice this dat. construction. 39 like (as adv.) = tt)ie, not glcirf), or cihnltd). 4 that (btc) of her grandmother "Order? ** jo, rather than fold)e. 43 U)a8 fiiv, or roctd)'. ** Order? 34 GERMAN COMPOSITION. Then a hunter came along 45 and heard the snoring, 46 and he thought : "I will see how the old woman is." " He went into the room and saw the wolf lying 48 in the bed. Quickly he took his rifle to shoot it dead, but then it occurred to 5 him : " Perhaps the monster has devoured the old woman, and if I shoot him dead, shfcwULhave to die too. 49 " He took his hunting-knife, therefore, 60 and began to rip open the wolf. Soon a red hood appeared, and little Red Riding- hood jumped quickly out of the wolf, and her grandmother 10 too. They then 61 thanked the hunter. But little Red Riding-hood ran out and got 62 some stones and put" them into the wolf. At last the wolf waked up, sprang quickly out of bed, and fell " dead. Then they were all very glad. The hunter pulled off the 15 wolf's hide and took it with [him.] The grandmother ate the soup and then the cakes, but she gave v the child some of 55 them. Little Red Riding-hood then said, " Good bye, dear grandmother," went through the wood, and took care not to get out of the path again. She told her mother 20 everything, and the latter 66 was very glad to have her little girl again. 22. Why the Sea is salt. Long ago there l were 2 two brothers. The one was rich, and the other was poor. It was just before Christmas, but 45 torbet. ** Inf. as noun ; see grammar. 47 be (of health) = jt(f> beftllbeit. ** Inf. 49 so must she too. s he took therefore (bttb,er)- 51 Order? 52 (go and} get = boleil. " legen. S4 fell dead down (nieber). ss toon. Cf. 25, n. 8. * btefer. 1 The expletive e8 must be omitted unless it precedes the verb Why? Meben. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 35 the poor man had nothing in the house for his Christmas dinner * ; so * he went to his brother and asked him for 6 something. The rich man got angry, when he heard his brother's request, but, as 6 everybody gives gifts at 7 Christ- mas, he took a ham, and threw it at 8 his brother, and 5 said : " Go away, and never come back again." The poor man thanked the rich [one] for the ham, put 9 it under his arm, and started on his way home. He had to go through a great forest. In the midst of it, 10 he saw an old man, who was cutting 11 wood. " Good 10 evening," he said to him. " Good evening," said the old man. " You 12 have a fine ham under your arm. Where ls did you get it?" Thereupon the poor man told him [about] it. "It's lucky" for you," said the old man, " that you have met me. You can become the richest man 15 on earth, if you will take that 16 ham into the land of the dwarfs and sell it* [to] them. The entrance to that land is under this tree. Dwarfs 1 * like ham very much and rarely get it. But you must not sell it for money. Sell it for the old hand-mill which stands behind the door. I will 20 teach you [how] to use it." 3 Compound; see vocab. * so = therefore = aljo, or unb jo, rather than simply jo. s lUtt. 6 bci. 7 Jit. 8 nod). 9 There is motion from one place to another implied in put (ftcrfeit). What case after miter? 10 beSJelben. " Ijacfeii. " It is customary in such stories as this and the two following to use itjr, not @ic, as the polite form. " rooljer. Say, U)0 Ijabt il)V ifiit her, or (less frequently) ttioher habt U)i" ihn. Observe that luoher (lit. -whence) is followed by a form of have, not of get or some other verb. l4 lucky = a luck = eilt tiicf. IJ Unless distinctly pointing out the more remote ob- ject, or contrasting one object with another, use biejer, not jencr, for that. 16 Prefix def. art. Why? * May be berjctbc. Why? 36 GERMAN COMPOSITION. The poor man thanked his new friend, who showed him the door under a stone under the tree. Through this door he entered into the land of the dwarfs. As" soon as he had entered, the dwarfs smelled the ham and came to him. 5 They wanted to buy it with gold and silver, but he said that he would sell it only for the old hand-mill behind the door. The dwarfs looked astonished and shook their 18 heads. " You do not wish to buy it," said the poor man, " so I shall go home." But the odor of the ham had filled to all parts of the land of the dwarfs, and all 19 the other dwarfs came running 20 up and wished to buy the ham. " Give him the mill," said the king, " it is broken, and he will not be able to use it. Give it [to] him, for we must have the ham." So the ham was sold. The poor man took the mill, which 15 was not half so large as 21 , the ham, and went back to 22 the woods. The old man taught him [how] to use it. It was now midnight, and he hurried home. His wife was very glad to see him, for she was very cold and hungry. There was 23 no wood for the fire and nothing 20 to eat. She wept bitterly, when he told her he had nothing but 24 the old hand-mill. He placed the little hand-mill on the table and began to turn the crank. He wished 25 for light, fire, and something to eat. As soon as he began to turn the crank, a lighted 28 candle, a fire, and a fine supper 25 came out of the mill. Then he wished for a tablecloth and 17 Say, so soon (as). I8 Say, the head, or with the head. Where no ambiguity can arise, the German commonly substitutes the def. art. for the poss. adj. Cf. also 39, n. 13. I9 alt' Me, or alle Me. 20 her. beigelaufen ; idiom with lommen. 2I It seems preferable to use al9 to express difference of degree, and tt>ie to express equality. This distinction is, however, by no means always observed. 22 to = into. 23 there was no = e War few ba, or say, she had no. ** alS. 25 Say, he wished himself (ftd), dat.) light (ace.). 26 brcimenb. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 37 dishes and spoons and knives and forks, and when he turned the crank, they, too, came out. He was much astonished at 27 his good luck, and his wife was almost beside 2 " herself with w joy and astonishment. They had a fine supper, and after it was eaten, they ground out of the 5 mill all that 30 they wished to 31 make themselves and the house warm and comfortable. When (the) people went by 32 the house to 33 church the next day, they were much astonished to find glass in the windows instead of a wooden shutter. The poor man 10 and his wife went to church in their nice new clothes. "That is all very strange, 34 " said every one. "Very strange, indeed, 35 " said the rich man to himself, when three days afterwards he 36 was invited to a grand feast at 37 the house of his once 38 poor brother. And what 39 a feast it 15 was ! The table was covered with a cloth as 40 white as snow, and the dishes were all of silver and gold. The rich man had not money enough to buy such fine things." "Where did you get all 42 these things?" asked he. His brother told him about the dwarfs and the mill. Then 20 he set it on the table again, and ground out boots and shoes and clothing for the poor people who had come to his house to see the grand feast which he had made for his brother. The rich man was envious of his brother's good luck and wanted to borrow the mill. He wished to get it 25 27 iibcr (ace.). 28 beside herself = auger fief). 2 ' Dor. 3 atteS, IDaS. For this use of tt)a (instead of leld)e or ba) after neut. pronouns, indefinites, etc. see grammar. Cf. 27, n. 4. 3I The safe plan is to use Itm Jit whenever to can be changed to in order to. ** an (dat.) Dorbei. 33 jjur. ** feltfam, or nnmberlid). 35 Indeed may become in ber Shot. 36 Order ? 37 in. 38 ctnft. 3 ' roeld)' cut. 4 as as = (ebcn) fo lute. 4I adje. 2 For all cf. 36, n. 19. 8 8 7 $8 GERMAN COMPOSITION. and never return it. His brother did not lend it [to] him, for the old man in the woods had told 43 him never to sell or lend it. After some years the owner of the mill built himself 4 * a 5 splendid castle on a rock by 45 the sea. Many people came to see the castle and the wonderful mill. At last a very rich merchant came and asked whether the mill would 46 grind salt. He was told 47 that it would. Then he wanted to buy it. He bought and sold salt, and thought, 48 if he 10 could own the mill, he could become still richer. The poor man would 49 not sell it, of course. 65 He was very rich and did not use the mill for himself, but he ground out presents for all the poor people who came to him. The merchant bribed one of the servants, and so 51 stole the mill and sailed 15 away with it. When he could no longer see the land, he said to the mill, "Grind salt, grind salt;" and he kept 52 on saying, "Grind salt, only salt." The mill began to grind salt, and the merchant filled all 53 the ship with it. When the ship 20 was full, the merchant told 51 the mill to stop grinding, 55 but it kept on grinding 55 and filled the ship so full that it sank. Now the mill lies at 66 the bottom of the sea and keeps grinding salt, and that is why 57 the sea became salt. 43 Insert he should (folle). ** ftcf) (dat.). 4S an. * Ind. dis. * 7 Say, 49 roollen ; why not Werben? s Order? 5I If the same subject is re- tained, the second member of this sentence must have the same order as the first ; therefore say, stole therefore the mill. Or if, as seems preferable here, it is desired to change the order for any reason, a new subject must be inserted ; that is, one may say here, so stole he the mill. 52 kept on saying = fnbr fort ju fagen, or fagte immer fovt. s3 Cf. 31, n. 14. 54 tell = command ; or cf. n. 43. ss to grind, or with the grinding (inf. as noun). s6 auf. 57 that is why = therefore. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 39 23. Puss-in-Boots. There was once a poor miller who owned only a mill, a donkey, and a cat. 1 When he died, he left 2 his mill [to] his oldest son, his donkey to the second, and his cat to the youngest. The latter felt very sad over what* his father had done. With the mill and the donkey his two brothers 5 could 4 earn their living, 5 he said to himself, but he feared that he should 6 have to starve. The cat heard him thus talking' to himself. He came up 8 to his kind-hearted master and said : " Do * not be so sad. Trust in me, and I will help you. Give me a bag, 10 and get 10 a pair of boots made for me, that I may make my way 11 through the mire and the brambles, and you will soon see what I can do." The poor youth was too sad to believe what the cat said, but still 12 he bought the bag and had the little boots made 15 for him. Puss put on the boots and hung the bag around his " neck. Then he started off to the woods. He put u some parsley, which rabbits 15 like very [much], into the bag and laid it on the ground. The rabbits did not think that he would do them any harm, 16 and so a plump [one] 20 soon put its head into the bag to 17 eat the pacsley. Then Puss pulled the string in 18 the mouth 19 of the sack and 1 Use $ater for cat and puss throughout this selection. 2 Not laffen. 3 baS, \va%. But why simply tt>a in 1. 13 and 14? 4 Mode and tense ? s Say bread, 6 Mode and tense ? 7 Inf. without JU after bovett. 8 Cf. 29, n. 21. 9 Cf. 35, n. 12. 10 get (with dependent verb) = laffen with act. inf. " make my way fontmeit. I2 Say, but he bought still (bod)). I3 ftcf) itm ben at$. The German uses along with the def. art. representing a poss. adj. (cf. 36, n. 18) a dat. of the person when this dat. can be construed as the indirect obj. of the verb. u flerfen. 15 Cf. 35, n. 16. I6 Say, do them (dat.) anythitig for harm (jju 2eib). l7 Cf. 37, n. 31. " an, or um. I9 Offnung. 4O GERMAN COMPOSITION. killed the rabbit. In the same way 20 he killed one or two more. 21 Then he went straight to 22 the court and asked for an audience with 23 the king. When he came before the mon- 5 arch, who was seated on a throne, with the princess, his daughter, by his side, he made a graceful bow and said : "Your majesty, I have brought these rabbits from the estate of my good and kind 2l master, the Marquis of Carabas, who commissioned me to lay them at your majesty's feet. 25 " 10 The cat had himself given his master that title. The king was very [much] pleased, 26 graciously accepted the gift, and sent 27 his thanks to the marquis. Not long after this 28 Puss heard that the king was going 29 to take a drive by 30 the river's side, and that his lovely 15 daughter would accompany him. He said to his master : " If you follow my advice, your fortune is made. Bathe in the river at the place 31 which I shall show you, and leave 32 the rest [to] me." The young man did what the cat advised him [to do], 20 without knowing 33 why. While he was bathing, the king and the royal party passed by. Puss- in-boots came run- ning "* after them and called out as loud [as] he could : " Help ! help ! my good lord, the Marquis of Carabas, is in danger of drowning. 35 " 25 The king, seeing 36 it was the same cat that had brought 20 in the same -way = aitf bicfdbe 2Setfe. 2I nod). Put before one. m an (ace.). 23 bci. ** UcbenSnmrbta, here. 2S Say, your majesty (dat.) to (jit) feet. 26 Insert thereat (bariiber). Z7 send thanks to = banfen laffen. 28 Not nad) btefem. ** As was going merely expresses futurity, what will it become in the ind. dis.? * by side = an (dat.). 3I an ber @tefle. ** itberlaffcn. 33 Inf. M iljnen nadjgclaufen. Cf. 36, n. 20. M Inf. with JU. 36 since (or when) the king saw, ordered he. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 41 him the rabbits, ordered his servants to help the poor mar- quis. Puss told the king that while his master was bathing, some thieves had 37 stolen his clothes. This was not true, for Puss had hidden them behind a tree. Accordingly a servant went to the palace and got a 5 splendid suit for the marquis. It became him very much, 38 and he looked so handsome that the king's daughter fell 39 in love with him, and the king requested 40 him to get 41 into the coach. The cat, who was glad to find that his plan was so 10 successful, ran 42 on before him, and seeing 43 some reapers who were reaping corn in a corn-field, he said to them : " You good " people who 4S are reaping, if you do not say that all 46 this corn belongs to my master, the Marquis of Carabas, you shall all be cut to pieces." 15 The reapers were frightened at what 47 the cat said, and were ready to do as he commanded. When the king passed by and wanted to know to whom all the corn be- longed, they cried, " To the Marquis of Carabas." The cat ran on before the coach and uttered the same 20 threat to 48 all he met with, and the king was astonished at the great wealth of the marquis. Not long after this the cat came to a grand castle which had a fine entrance. The castle was surrounded by mag- nificent trees, and was the home 49 of an ogre. Puss went 25 into the castle, and in a few moments he was busy 50 chatting 37 Sub}. Why ? 38 Say, flut. 39 fall in love with = ftrf) rjevtieben in (ace.). 40 crfudjcn. 4I fteigcu. 42 lief ihm oovauS. 43 Expand to clause. ** guten. Weak form of adj. after pers. pron. ** btc tl)t fcf)lteibet. See grammar for this repetition of the pron. after the rel. 46 Form of a//? 47 Cf. 39, n. 3. 4S Say, to (gcgfll) all, whom he met. 49 home dwelling = 2Sol)ltung. 5 Say, chatted busily. 42 ' GERMAN COMPOSITION. with the ogre, saying, 61 " Can't you change yourself into an animal, when you please ? " " Of course [I can]," said he, and in a moment he be- came a roaring lion. The cat rushed away in great alarm, S but when he came back, no lion was to be seen H only the ogre. Then Puss said in anxious tones, " Please do " change into a mouse." But no sooner 64 had the ogre done so, than the cat sprang upon him and ate him up in a hurry. 10 Puss-in-boots soon heard the royal party coming, 66 went out to meet 66 them, and, bowing 67 to the king, said : "Your majesty is welcome to 68 the castle of the Marquis of Carabas." The king was delighted to find 69 that the marquis was the 15 owner of so fine a 60 castle, and gladly accepted the kind invitation to look 61 at it. The marquis gave 62 his hand [to] the princess as she alighted, and [they] both followed the king into the great airy hall, where they all soon after par- took of a rich feast, which the ogre had prepared for some 20 of his own friends. He had little thought 63 that he himself should be eaten up by a cat. The king was charmed with all 64 he saw. He liked the young and good-natured marquis more 66 and more, not 51 and said. S2 Act. inf. S3 When do emphasizes a request, trans- late by the adv. bocf). S4 no sooner than = faiim fo. Arr., scarcely but had so. "Inf. * b go out to meet them ihncit entgegen* gctjen. S7 Say, and said, while (iltbcm) he himself before the king bowed. 58 When to really means in or into, use in. 59 evfdhren. * a so fine. With very few exceptions the article must precede all adjectives. 61 look at = befcheit. More than merely looking is meant. 62 vetdjen. 63 Can not be literal. Say, he had not thought, or more idiomatically, er tjatte eS fid) ittdjt trainneit laffen, bafj. ^ Never omit the rel in German. 6s Say, always more. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 43 only because he was so rich and had so grand a castle and so fine an estate, but also because he was good and wise. He soon noticed also how much the princess loved the handsome youth. So he said to him : " My dear marquis, it will be your own fault 66 if you do 5 not become my son-in-law; my daughter loves you, and you have my consent." The marquis was astonished to hear 67 the king make so good an offer and was overjoyed at this mark of true royal favor. A few days afterwards the princess became the wife 10 of the marquis. The wedding was a grand affair, and the king's many relatives and friends, who were present, enjoyed themselves very much. The clever cat became a great favorite at 68 court, was splendidly dressed, and had such choice dainties to eat 15 that he never again touched rats and mice. His greatest pleasure was to lounge at 69 the window on a couch and look out " upon the park, when his young master and the sweet princess were walking about in it. And thus he lived happily with n his kind master and reached a good old 20 age. 72 24. Hop o> My Thumb. A man and his wife once lived in a village near 1 a wood, where they used to work. They were very poor, and, as they had seven little children, all 2 boys, they could hardly get food 3 enough. The youngest boy was so tiny that he 25 66 Literally, or more commonly, itjr mcrbct atlctll barcm d)lllb fcilt. 67 To avoid an awkward arrangement in the German, do not use the inf., but say, when he heard. 68 bet ; or ait with def. art. * ait. 70 The park being lower than the window, say, aitf (or in) binab. 71 bet. 72 a good old age = cut IjofjcS Stltcr. 1 nalje bet. 2 tanter ; indec. 3 Say, bread. 44 GERMAN COMPOSITION. was called Hop o' My Thumb, but, though he was very small, he was very clever. One night, 4 when all the children lay in bed, their parents were crying bitterly, because there was nothing 5 to eat in the house. Hop o' My Thumb listened to his father and mother, 5 and was much frightened, when he heard them say that they would 6 take all their children into the wood (the) next day and leave them there, that they might not see them die of hunger. 10 He got up very early in the morning and filled his pock- ets with pebbles ; and as he and his brothers went into the wood, he dropped the stones one 1 by one. When it began to get 8 dark, the parents left 9 the children in the wood, but Hop o' My Thumb could still see the stones, 15 and so led 10 his brothers home again. 11 But the next night the father and the mother locked the door, and so Hop o' My Thumb could not go out-doors to get pebbles. He had therefore to fill his pockets with bread crumbs, 12 which he let fall upon the path as he went 20 out into the woods early in the morning. 13 But the birds soon ate the crumbs up, and when night came, 14 Hop o' My Thumb could not find the way home. The wind howled, and the rain fell, and the children thought that they should 1 * 4 in one night. s Repeat his because of the difference in gender, or say simply, his parents. 6 The auxiliary -would here precedes the two infinitives depending on it, but as the clause has the transposed order, in German the auxiliary must follow both. Ind. dis. 7 etllCH itad) bem anbern. 8 roerben. 9 juriuf laffen. I0 and so Jed he. Cf. 38, n. 51. " Order ? I2 Compound. I3 Put the phrase of time before that of place. I4 When it became night, or use hevaufommfn. ls mflffen. Mode ? NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 45 all perish. Still they kept 16 moving on, for they hoped to find help. At last Hop o' My Thumb saw a light not far off, and they soon came to a large house, from" which the light shone. After they had knocked at the door, a pleasant- 5 looking woman opened it. 18 Hop o' My Thumb told her that they had lost their way 19 and were very tired and hungry. As soon as she had heard their story, she advised them to go away as fast as they could, because her husband, who was an ogre and very fond 20 of eating children, would 10 soon come home. But they all cried so much and begged so hard 21 for food and shelter, that she at last let them in. Scarcely 22 had the ogre's wife hidden the poor children, when the ogre came in and ordered her to lay 23 the cloth and bring in some sucking-pigs for his supper. Just as he 15 had begun to use his great carving-knife and fork, he cried out gruffly, " I smell child's flesh. 24 " His wife said it was only the freshly killed calf; but he did not believe her, 25 and, on looking 26 about, found the poor boys under the bed. The ogre was delighted to find them, but he thought 20 it 8 ' better to fatten them [up] before he killed them ; so he told his wife to give them their supper and to put 28 them cO bed in the room where his daughters were sleeping. 16 Say, went always on (lueiter). I7 (Ul8. 18 it = biefelbc. Why? * lose one's -way = fid) UClloilfcit. 20 be fond of eating gent effcil. " hard beseechingly = fletjeiltUcf). 22 faitm JO. Cf. 42, n. 54. 23 Say, belt ijd) becfeit. 24 Compound. * 5 Case ? 26 German prose hardly tolerates participial phrases, particularly those introduced by a prep. Unless the part, is used as an adj., it is best to expand par- ticipial phrases to adv. or rel. clauses, according to the sense in each case. Say, when he looked (refl.) about. 27 Insert was, or say, Ijtelt e fiii bcffcr. 28 briugen. 46 GERMAN COMPOSITION. Hop o' My Thumb, fearing mischief, could not sleep. He got out of bed, and, on looking about, saw that the ogre's daughters all had crowns on their heads. 29 He changed 30 these crowns for the night-caps worn 31 by his S brothers and himself. When the ogre came up in the dark with his great knife to kill the poor boys, he cut the throats 32 of his own children. At 33 peep of day Hop o' My Thumb awoke his brothers, and made 34 them quickly go away from the house with him. 10 After they were gone, 35 the ogre went up to 36 the bed- room, and he became almost mad when he found that he had killed his daughters, and that the little boys were all gone. The ogre now put 37 on his magic boots, with which he 15 could take 38 seven leagues at 39 a stride, and ran out into the wood in pursuit 40 of the boys ; but Hop o' My Thumb had hidden them all in a hole under a rock. By and by the ogre came back very tired and in a very bad humor, and threw himself on this very rock to sleep. A kind fairy 20 now appeared[to]the children, and gave Hop o' My Thumb a nut to crack 41 as soon as he should reach the ogre's house, but she told him that he must take off the ogre's boots 42 and send his brothers home, before he went to the house. 29 As each head had but one crown, the German insists on the sing. Say, a crown upon the head. *> change for = ertaufd)en mtt. 3I which were -worn. * cut one's throat = einem ben al8 abfdjneibett. 33 bet, 34 made = bade hiefj, with simp. inf. x fort, or fortgegangen ; not gegangett alone. * The room being upstairs, say in hittaitf. 37 Verb ? 3* gururflegen, or burdjfdjreiten. ^ -with. * Say, to purstte. 41 which he should crack as soon as he reached. Mode and tense of reached"! * Cf. 39, n. 13. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 47 Hop o' My Thumb, with 43 [the] help of the kind fairy, took off the ogre's seven-league boots, while he was still asleep, and put them on his own feet 44 ; but, as they were magic boots, they fitted him as if they had been made 45 for him. He then called his brothers out of the 5 hole in the rock, and, after showing them the way home, he strode on in his magic boots till he came to the ogre's house. There he cracked the nut and found in it a piece [of] paper with these words 46 : "Go unto the ogre's door, 10 These words speak 47 and nothing more! 'Ogress, ogre 48 can not come; Great key give to Hop o' My Thumb.' " When the ogre's wife saw Hop o' My Thumb, she wanted at first to kill him for having caused 49 the death of her 15 daughters, but as soon [as] he had uttered these magic words : "Ogress, ogre can not come; Great key give to Hop o' My Thumb," she gave him the key of the gold chest, 60 and told him to 20 take as much [as] he wished. When he saw the great heap [of] money in the chest, he thought that he should like to take" some 62 of the treasure to the king. So he made 61 the ogre's wife give him as many bags full [of] gold as he could take away in several journeys. 64 25 While Hop o' My Thumb was taking away the wicked 43 Put with the help, etc. first, and invert. ** Case? <* Subj. Why ? 46 SSorte, or SBbrtev ? 47 Arrange in prose order throughout. * 8 Insert the here and before great. 49 Cf. 45, n. 26. 5 Compound. 51 mitnehmen. 52 Say, a part of (Don), or sontething of. " Say, he caused (laffeit) himself by the ogre's wife to be given (act. inf.). S4 (Sang. 48 GERMAN COMPOSITION. ogre's treasure, that monster was still sleeping, after his useless journey, on the rock where Hop o' My Thumb had left 55 him. When he awoke and found 56 his magic boots gone, 57 and his legs so stiff that he could not walk, he made 5 a hideous noise, which aroused all the wild beasts of the forest, and they all flew 58 at him in great fury and killed him. Hop o' My Thumb went to court, laden with his hard- won spoil, and paid 59 his respects to the king. The king 10 did 60 him the favor to accept his rich gifts and rewarded him by 61 making 62 him his head-forester, and his father and brothers under- foresters. Whenever the king went out hunting, Hop o' My Thumb rode by his side on a pretty, high-spirited, little horse. 63 The ogre's kind-hearted wife 15 was 64 also invited to 65 court and created Duchess of Dolla- lolla. She shared the rest of her husband's wealth with Hop o' My Thumb, who was greatly beloved by S all. At last the king dubbed him a knight and made him his chief privy councillor, saying, 67 that as he had always been so 20 shrewd and clever in helping 68 his brothers, he would surely be able to give him good advice whenever he might need it. 55 oertoffcn. s6 found that, etc. 57 tucg, or fort. 58 Not fltegen. 59 iTtadjte bem .Sbnig feiue 9tufroartitng. ^ ergeigen. 6I baburd), ba. 62 After verbs of making, appointing, creating, etc., keep the ace. of the pers., but put gu (sing, gum, guv; plu. Jit) before the noun of occupation, office, etc. 63 Diminutive. ** A real pass. 6S cut ben. 66 by (with the agent) = Don. w while (inbcm) he said, 68 when he was helping, or to help. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 49 25. The Babes in the Wood. Many years ago there lived l in England a man and his wife. They had only two children, a boy named 2 William, and a girl named Jane. When the children were still very young the parents died and confided their little [ones] to the care of an uncle. Now, 3 this uncle was really a miserly $ and cruel man, but he took the children home with [him] and treated them very well [for] a while.* But soon he began to wish that the little boy and girl would 6 die, so that he could get all their money for himself. As this did not happen, he thought it would be best 6 to have them 10 killed. Having 7 made up his mind to kill the babes, he soon contrived a way to have it done. 8 He hired two mur- derers to take the children out into a dark wood, which was at 9 some distance from his house, and to kill them there. 15 One day William and Jane were put into a coach ; one of the ruffians got in with them, and the other[one]drove. 10 The uncle had told the children that they were going to London, and that they should have 11 many nice things 12 there. At first they were afraid, but soon they began to 20 talk softly 13 to each other about the fine things they were to have. At last they talked [out] loud, and then asked the man if 14 it was far, and if he had ever seen their father. Now, this man had once been good and kind, like 15 these 'May be sing. Why? 2 Sftamenfi. 3 Cf. 31, n. 7. 4 elite 5 would '= might. 6 Is it am bcfkn, or ba3 23efte? 7 Cf. 45, n. 26. 8 Form of inf. ? 9 in eimgcr Gntfernnng. I0 fabven. " ff one thinks more of a thing's coming into than of its being in his possession, bcfommen should be used instead of batten. The words differ from each other as toerbeit from fetn. u @ad)e. l3 leife. Contrast soft, 50, 1. i. u ob. li tt)te. 5al)renb. 3ubem (while) expresses simultaneous action of briefer duration ; ttwfirenb, such action of longer duration. NARRATIVE SELECTIONS. 53 through the thick woods, until they had gone nearly two miles. Then the man stopped, and bade them wait till he came 63 back from the next village, where he would go and got them something to eat. When the man was out of sight, the little boy said : 5 "Let us go out 64 of this dark place and hunt for father's house, where we can get something to eat, and see mother." So they walked up and down in the wood, trying to find a path. It would have melted 65 a heart of stone to see how lonely they looked, and how frightened they were 10 when 66 the wind shook the trees over their heads. They picked berries from the bushes and ate them, till they could reach no more. But (the) night came on, and it was so dark that they could not see where to go 67 ; so they lay down on the cold ground. There they fell asleep ; and 15 when they awoke it was still dark, and there was nothing for them to eat ; so they starved to death. All 88 this time the wicked uncle thought they had been killed, 69 as he had ordered (it) ; so he told all persons who asked about them, that they had 69 died in London. Then 20 he took all their money to " himself, and lived upon n it, as if he had got' 2 it honestly. But his wife soon died, and his two sons were drowned at 73 sea. The ruffian who had left the children in the woods, was afterwards captured and condemned to the gallows. Then he told the story of the 25 poor children. But before this 7 * the uncle had been thrown 63 Mode and tense ? 64 out of = uoit lueg. 6S erroet(f)eu. Gen- erally avoid the conditional and use the corresponding tense of the subjunctive, unless the sense is future. w Observe that luenit, not ol3, is used for a repeated action even in the past. 67 Expand. w bicje flouje 3eit. 69 Mocle? 70 fiir. 7I Don. 72 Mode? " in the. 74 before this = friiljer fdjon. 54 GERMAN COMPOSITION. into jail for 75 debt. He heard of 76 the robber's confession. Already the misfortunes 77 that had happened to him had almost broken his heart. When he learned that the chil- dren had starved to death, he stretched himself upon the 5 cold ground in his cell and died. The people who had heard the story, went to the woods and searched for the bodies of the children. They were found, all 78 covered [over] with leaves which the robin-redbreasts had brought in their bills. These leaves had made a sort [of] grave, 10 and the bodies of the little innocents had been kept 79 from decay. 75 tuegetl. Say, his debts. 76 UOll. " Sing. 78 90113. 79 keep from = betvafyren Dor. PART III. LETTERS. 55 LETTERS. 26. Family Letters. DETROIT, Mich., Oct. 25,* 1888. MY DEAR BROTHER,* Some friends have been calling on us this 3 evening, and I can therefore write only a word. I have searched in vain in all the music-stores for the piece which you* desire, but 5 John'is going to Chicago to-morrow and promises to get it for you. Your loving 6 sister, LIZZIE.* CHICAGO, May 18, 1889. MY DEAR SISTER, 10 Your letter was 1 duly received, and to-day I send you by 8 (the) mail a package which will, I hope, 9 be satisfactory. It was impossible to find immediately all the articles 10 that you wish, and so the package could not be sent yesterday. I shall try to make you that" promised visit next week, and 15 therefore write no 12 more to-day. Your loving brother, EDWARD ANDREWS. 1 b. 25. Oct. 1888 (for ben 25teu Oct.). 2 2Hcht Itcbcv Skuber! Ob- serve the punctuation. 3 l)ClltC, rather than bicfcil. * In letters begin bit, beiu, iljv and eucv, as well as @ie and 3f)V, with a capital. 5 2)ctne 3)id) licbcitbe djiucftcv, Itcbcil being trans. 6 Baptismal names which differ from the English, are given in the vocab., but it is as well to use the English form. 7 Say, have I. 8 nut. 9 Ijoffe id), or simply I)offciltltd). But cf. T, i. I0 AIT., articles, that yon -wish immediately to find, or better, articles immediately to find, that you -wish. " bcr, not biejcr. I2 iiidjts tueitev. (.57) 58 GERMAN COMPOSITION. CHICAGO, Dec. 4, 1887. DEAR SON, To-morrow is your birthday, and we send our heartiest congratulations. To me it seems very sad ; the birthdays 5 come and go, and no one is here to celebrate them. In former years we looked forward to them with pleasure ; now they only remind us of the absent [ones]. But I suppose that it is the same in all families ; the children can not always remain in the old home. And when I com- 10 pare my life with the life of others, I ought not to complain, for few have the love and (the) confidence of their chil- dren more than we [do] . It is late, and I must close, but 1 hope to see you soon. Your loving mother, MARY JOHNSON. 27. Brief Letters of Friendship. !$ ROCHESTER, New York, Nov. 17, 1888. MY DEAR Miss SMITH, My sister wishes * me to write to you * and inform you that she is ill and therefore can not go to New York with you day after to-morrow. She asks 8 whether it will be pos- 20 sible [for] you* to wait a week longer 5 for her. She hopes to be able to go 6 then. With heartiest greetings to 7 all the family, I remain, 8 Your friend, GERTRUDE BAKER. 1 This construction with ace. and inf., the ace. representing a dif- ferent person than the subject of the principal verb, is possible after only a few verbs in German. Ordinarily, as here, the inf. phrase must be expanded to a subor. clause. Say, -wishes, that I write. 2 Sljncn, or an ne. 3 Better, Icifjt fvageit. 4 Simp. dat. 5 nod). Order? 6 The infinitives may be retained. Why? J on (ace.). 1 (oer)blctbcn. LETTERS. 59 BOSTON, Mass., March 7, 1887. MY DEAR FRIEND, Your letter of 9 Feb. 1 6 gave 10 me great pleasure, because it brought me news of you again and showed that you still remember us. 11 Your young friend, whom you commend 5 to us in advance, will be welcome here. I will gladly assist him with advice and help whenever I can. With heartiest greetings to yourself" and your family, I remain, Yours truly," EDWARD WEAVER. 10 CHICAGO, 111., July 23, 1888. PROF. FRANK JONES, DEAR SIR": Dr. Hunter has sent me your letter of July 2. He is ill and is now in Florida for his health." He asked me whether I would 16 not write the desired article. 15 But I am not in condition to do so," inasmuch as I shall be 21 almost overwhelmed for 18 months to come with pressing literary work. I regret very [much] that I am not able to serve you in this matter. Dr. Hunter thinks that Rev. Mr. White of" Philadelphia 20 could write the article. Will you not apply to him ? [Yours] very respectfully, 20 RICHARD STEELE. 9 om 16. (or IGtcn) gcb. 10 madjcn. " Case ? > 2 @ie felbft. Why not simply felbft? Cf. also 31, n. n. l3 Treat as adj., and say, 3b,r evgcbcitCV. l * A customary form for the whole superscription of such a letter is simply, cchrtcr (or od)geel)vtcr) >crv ^rofeffor! " Say, Jltr (Svtjohutg (recovery}. 16 roofle, or IwtV&C? " \Q, or e? for months to come = aitf 2JZoimte binouS. " in. * >od)ad)tung* DOfl, or as in the preceding letter. " Pres. 6O GERMAN COMPOSITION. PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 30, 1885. MY DEAR FRIEND, Several weeks have passed since the receipt of your letter. I did not wish to write until I had seen your friend, 5 and he did not come, although according to your letter 21 he should have come some time ago." He appeared yester- day, and then it came 23 out that he had in vain searched [for]] me. A few weeks ago the number of our house 24 was changed. As he could not find us at 26 No. 65, he had 10 to wait till he could learn where we do live. I am sorry, for I should have been 26 very glad to have one of your friends with 21 us. Yours truly, FRANK W. ADAMS. INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., May 20, 1889. 15 MY DEAR MRS. BROWN, My husband has made inquiry and has learned that you -can make the journey from 28 Cairo to Indianapolis by 29 day. You will have to change 30 cars at Vincennes. If you will let us know by 81 what train you are coming, we will meet* 2 20 you at" the station. Can't you come [up] a few days earlier than you intended, and make us a short visit before we take 84 our trip upon the lake together? We have deter- mined to leave 38 here on 86 the 28th, to spend the night at 37 Chicago, and to take 38 the steamer at ten o'clock the 21 3f)vem SBrtefe nod). Order ? 22 fdjon laitgfl 23 Say, fteflte c6 fid) l)CV(lll8. 24 Make compound noun of house and number. 2S in. 26 Plupf. subj. 27 mit, or bet? 28 /rom to (with towns) = toon nod). 29 bci. *> change cars at == itmftcigcn in. 3I mit. ** cnuavteu. 33 in. - 34 mad)cn. 3S (uon) Ijicr abjitrcifen. 36 am (or ben). 37 at (with names of towns) = in (sometimes jn). 38 befteigen. LETTERS. 6 1 next morning. Our baggage will be sent from here directly to the steamer. You could send your trunk through "' from Cairo to Chicago, and so be troubled here only with your hand-baggage. That -is, 40 if you determine not to come earlier and spend two or three days with us. Let me know as soon as possible when 41 we may expect you. As ever, yours, MARY A. HALL. 28. A Letter from Leipzig. LEIPZIG, 6 Turner St., 1 April 15, 1885. MY DEAR MR. ALEXANDER, 10 It is almost a year since I wrote to you, as the coming* of vacation tells me, and I therefore seat myself at once at 3 my writing-desk to write to you again. Our son Edward is now at home, but Frank could not come on account of his many patients. Our daughters are also at home, but both 15 [the] girls are now trying to recover from the fatigue * of the wedding- festivities 5 of a friend. As you know, these festivities begin the evening before the ceremony, and are continued on the next morning by 6 the ceremony itself. Then comes the wedding-dinner, after which the festivities 20 last till in the night ' and end with a ball. It is therefore quite easy to explain why nine days are necessary to recover from such fatigue. My husband is well, but his deafness has grown somewhat worse of late. Leipzig is still standing in " its old place, and looks quite 25 youthful now with its fresh green leaves. Not a single bircft. a8. 5 oevloven gegangen jet. 6 remain. 7 aitf bcr 9tcije. * in. 9 bf jieljen. 66 GERMAN COMPOSITION. quarters. In my next letter I will tell 10 you something about the adventures of my journey. 11 I have no desire to travel again through the interior of Sicily, and on my journey back 11 I shall take ship at Mes- 5 sina, whither one can go 12 from Catania by 13 carriage. One can ride from here to Catania in one day, or also go with ease in a ship. The climate here u is of such a character 1B that I have not yet taken off my summer clothes, 11 and am writing this 10 by an open window ; as Syracuse lies [further] south " than the northern point 11 of Africa, one can hardly enjoy a warmer winter in Europe. But one is too little protected here from " the cold ; most 1S of the rooms, and 19 mine too, have no ceiling at all, but only the bare roof over them, 20 so 15 that the winds, and, in the rainy season, 11 probably the rain also now and then, enjoy (a) free passage. Up to the present the weather has been fine, and on my journey also I was very fortunate and had only two rainy days. This season is called [St.] Martin's summer by the Italians, as I 20 have already written you. I arrived here on [St.] Martin's day. I traversed many a stretch 21 in four hours, for 22 which one often needs two days in 2 * bad weather; as there are no made roads at all, the places 24 which have clay soil become bottomless. Be- 25 sides, one often can not even find a house for days at a time, 26 to protect one's self from the weather. There is, to be sure, an excellent inn in Syracuse, where I at first put 28 10 Platen wrote, melbeit (announce) (Simgeg liber (ace.). " Compound. 12 gelcmgen. " gu. I4 Adj. ls Say, on ber 2lrt. I6 Comparative. 17 gegen. " the most rooms. l9 and too = tt>ie aud). ^Refl. "Say, mandje SSege. ** rooju. 23 bei. ** Orte. 2J Sage long. * abfteigen, lit. dismount. LETTERS. 67 up, but as it is really arranged for the English, the prices are so high that I could not remain ; I had therefore to content myself with a worse [one], where I have been 2T tol- erably [well] satisfied up to the present. Pfeufer has not yet written to me, and [has] also not sent 5 the letter of credit. It is well that I have not yet [had] need [of] the money. Consequently I have not been able to give him a commission with regard 28 to the "Abbassiden." The copies are still lying in Munich. Nevertheless, you can have three of them sent to you at any time, 29 whenever 10 you have opportunity to send one to (the) Switzerland to Betty. Many greetings to Uncle Lindenfeld. Yours, AUGUST. 15 31. Mendelssohn to his Brother. INTERLAKEN, August 3, 1847. DEAR BROTHER, We are 1 all well, and we continue 2 to live the quiet life that you enjoyed with us here. It was, indeed, 3 altogether 20 too solitary the first days 4 after your departure, when each of us went about with a long face, as if he had 6 forgotten something or was looking for something. Since then* I have begun to write music 7 very industriously, the three oldest children work in the morning 8 with me, in the 25 27 Pres. Notice this use of the pres. instead of the perf. to express what began in the past and still continues. 28 roegen ber 2lbbdfftben, one of Platen's most important works. 29 Say, alle 5tugeitbficfe. '($ gel)t un alien. 2 Iebett fort. 3 filicl). * Order? 5 Mode? 6 feitbem, not fett bamt. 7 9?oteit, not Sftuftf. Arr., very industriously music. 8 Gen. of repeated action. 68 GERMAN COMPOSITION. afternoon, when the weather permits (it), we all take a walk together, and I have also made 9 some rabid sketches in India ink. Mr. Kohl, the Irish and also Russian trav- eler, came in yesterday and remained [all] the evening with 5 us ; also Mr. Grote, whom I am always very glad 10 to see and hear converse. But now I feel n so well in (the) retire- ment and so ill at ease [when] with a number 12 of people, that I do everything [I can], in order to have 13 here no so-called society, and up to the present I have succeeded. 10 But why were you not with me in Boningen? That would certainly have pleased u you ! And in Wilderschwyl and Unspunnen? To be sure, we have not once had real 15 good weather since the day of your departure, and often very bad ; since then there has been no more talk 16 of stay- 15 ing under the walnut-trees, and many days we could not [go] out of the house at all. But the good hours were nevertheless used 17 for all sorts of walks, and wherever you 18 go here, it is splendid. If the weather again becomes set- tled, I want to [go] over the Susten 19 and to the summit of 20 the Siedelhorn, which 20 can be done from here in [a] few days. But it grows 21 difficult [for] us to make M the reso- lution even M to do this ; it is so beautiful here, and this unvaried, quiet life suits us so well. Besides, I have often felt 24 perfectly cheerful again ; only when people come and 25 talk confusedly about all [sorts of] commonplace things, and about God and the world, I feel 24 so unspeakably 9 make in India ink = tlljdjeit. I0 fefyv gem fefyeit. " I feel = mil ift (roivb) gu 2ftute. I2 Say, meljrere (several). " betommen. M ge= fallen (dat.). Tense and Mode ? ls gang. 16 feine 9lebe mefyr toom 9lnfentb,alt. I7 bennljt gn. " you = one. I9 iiber ben nften unb aitfs @iebeU)orn. 20 tt?a8 toon b,ier auS gu madjen ift. 2I roerben. "faffen. 23 fetbft bagn. 24 Cf. n. n, but use werben. Why? LETTERS. 69 mournful, that I do not know how I am to endure it. You have the same thing 25 now to overcome ; I think of that every day. It must go 21 hard [with] you, and I too dread it. But it must be, and it is right ; so, with God's help, it can be done. 26 Accept OT heartiest greetings, and continue to love Your FELIX. 32. Two Letters from Bismarck to his Wife. FRANKFORT, 8./7. 51. Yesterday and to-day I [have] wanted to write to you, 10 but on account of 1 all [the] hurly-burly of business I [have] not got 2 to it sooner. It is now late in the evening, and I [have] just come back from a walk, on which I (have) stripped off the documental dust of the day in the night air, moonshine, and the rustling of poplar leaves. On Saturday 15 I drove with Rochow and Lynar in the afternoon* to Riidesheim, there I took (me) a skiff, and went out on the Rhine, and floated in the moonshine as far as 4 the mouse- tower by Bingen, where the wicked bishop perished. It is something strangely dreamy, 6 thus to lie in the water on 6 [a] 20 warm, quiet night, slowly driven [on] by the stream, and to see the sky with moon and stars, and on either side ' the woody hilltops and the ruins of the castles in the moonlight, and to hear nothing but the soft splashing of one's own motion ; I should like to float thus every evening. Then I 25 25 Simply ba. 26 ttrirb e gefjen. 27 He wrote, @eib IjerjUdjft ge= ^viifet imb befyaltet Ucb Gitren. 1 Dor. 2 fommen. 3 Case? 4 M3 nad). s raitmerifd)e. Neut. dppos. after etroaS. 6 in. 7 Say simply* 7O GERMAN COMPOSITION. drank [some] very nice wine, and sat smoking for a long time on the balcony with Lynar. (On) the next morning we went 8 by (the) steamer to Coblenz, breakfasted there [for] an hour, and then returned 5 to Frankfort. I really 9 undertook the expedition with the purpose of visiting the aged Metternich, who had invited me, at Johannisberg 10 ; but the Rhine pleased me so that I preferred 11 going to Coblenz and put off the visit. On our journey that time 12 we saw the Rhine immediately after the 10 Alps and in 13 bad weather; on that 14 fresh summer morning and after the dusty tediousness of Frankfort it rose 15 again very [much] in my esteem. I promise myself 16 much pleasure in being 17 a few days in Rudesheim with you, the place is so still and rural, and then we [will] take a little 15 row-boat, and go gently down [stream], ascend the Nieder wald and this and that castle, and return by (the) steame/. One can leave w here early in the morning, remain eight hours in Rudesheim, Bingen, Rheinstein, etc., and be here again in the evening. 19 My appointment here now seems 20 to be sure. VENDRESSE, September 3. MY DEAREST, 20 Day before yesterday before the gray 21 of the morning I left my quarters here, 22 return to-day, and have in the 25 interval witnessed the great battle of Sedan on the ist, in which we took 23 about 30,000 prisoners, and hurled the 8 fahven mtt. 9 eigentltd), not nrirfiici). I0 auf SobauniSbevg, the famous vineyard and village of the same name on a hill near the Rhine. " fut)r Uebcr (rather). 12 bamats ouf ber. Steife. " bet. 14 biefer, or jener? ls Perf. J6 Case ? " Say, bdDon, gll fetu. 18 Not eerlaffen. I9 Gen. 20 He wrote, 2Jiein UebeS $erg ! 2I or agegrauen. 22 Adj. 23 madjen. LETTERS. /I remainder of the French army, which we had been pursuing since Bar le Due, into the fortifications, where it had to surrender with its emperor. Yesterday morning 24 at five o'clock, after I had negotiated until one o'clock in the morning 24 with Moltke and the French concerning 25 the 5 impending capitulation, (the) General Reille, whom I know, woke me, in order to tell me that Napoleon wished to speak [with] me. I rode without washing 26 and without breakfast towards Sedan, found the emperor waiting 27 in an open carriage with three adjutants, and three [others] on horse- 10 back near by. I dismounted, greeted him just as politely as in the Tuileries, and asked after his commands. He wished to see 28 the king. I said to him, in accordance with the truth, that his majesty had his quarters three miles away, 29 at the place where I am now writing. On Napo- 15 Icon's asking 30 where 31 he should betake himself, I offered him, as I was unacquainted with the region, my quarters in Donchery, a little place in the vicinity close by Sedan ; he accepted it and drove, escorted by his six Frenchmen, by me, and by Carl, who had meanwhile ridden after 811 me, 20 through the lonely morning, towards our side. He disliked 33 to enter the place on account of the pos- sible crowd of people, 34 and he asked me whether he could not put up at 3B a solitary house by the roadside ; I had it inspected by Carl, who announced that it was miserable and 25 24 eftcru friil) fiiuf Uljr, also cut 111)1 friil). Why friif), rather than 2JJorgcn, or 2>ormtttag ? 2S He wrote, iibcr bie abijitfcfyltcfienbe (to be concluded}. 25 unwashed and unbreakfasted. 27 waiting = halting = hattcnb. Put last in sent. 28 Retain inf. Why ? Cf. 58, n. i. ^ batJOlt. 30 auf 5 va 8 (% ' 3I Not roo. ** Is it uad) mir gerttten, or mil' nad) gentteu? "Bismarck wrote, SBor bent Orte nwrbe e% ifjm Ictb. 34 Compound. x ill. 72 GERMAN COMPOSITION. dirty. "N'importe" said N., and I ascended with him a frail narrow staircase. In a chamber ten 36 feet square, with a pine table and two rush chairs, we sat [for] an hour, the others were below. A great contrast with our last meeting, 5 '67 in the Tuileries. Our conversation was difficult, if I would 37 not touch [upon] things, which would [necessarily] have 38 painfully moved him who 3 ' had been prostrated by God's powerful hand. Through Carl I had had officers brought from the city, and [had] requested Moltke to come. 10 We then sent one of the officers on [a] reconnaissance and discovered half a mile away in Fresnois a little castle with [a] park. Thither I conducted him with an escort brought 40 together meanwhile, and there we concluded with the French general Wimpffen the capitulation, by virtue of 15 which 40 to 41 60,000 Frenchmen, I do not yet know (it) more exactly, with all that they have, became our pris- oners. Yesterday and the day before cost France 100,000 men 42 and an emperor. Early this morning 43 the latter with all his courtiers, horses, and carriages set out for 20 Wilhelmshohe by Cassel. It is an historical occurrence, a victory for which we should in humility thank God the Lord, and which decides the war, even if we have to continue the latter against France now without an emperor. 44 25 I must close. Farewell, my dearest. Greet the children. Your v. B. 45 36 ton jefyn. Do not inflect gnfj. 37 ttJottetl. 38 miiffen. 39 Arr., the by God's powerful hand prostrated [one], 4 Cf. n. 39. 4I bt. 42 Do not inflect. Cf. n. 24. ** ba faiferlofe granfreid). ** For Don 33imarcf. PART IV. BIOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND DESCRIPTIVE SELECTIONS. BIOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND DESCRIP- TIVE SELECTIONS 33. Hannibal. Some years after the first Punic war Hamilcar went to Spain. As he was on the point of setting out, Hannibal, his son, a boy of about nine years, asked to be allowed to accompany him upon this campaign. The father promised to let 1 him do so, and sought at the same time to fill his 5 son's heart with hatred for 2 the Romans. He led him before the altar and bade 3 him swear that he would be an enemy of the Romans his life long. Hannibal did so, 4 and never was 6 an oath kept more faithfully. Hannibal went to Spain with his father and trained himself for 6 a warrior. 10 [For] nine years Hamilcar fought in Spain with great success. In the south and west of the land he made rich conquests, and finally fell in (a) battle. After his death his son-in-law Hasdrubal assumed the chief command and continued the war with great success. The Romans became 15 so concerned about his progress ' that they made * a treaty with him and took the city [of] Saguntum under 9 their protection. Hannibal returned to Carthage after his father's death, but Hasdrubal had him come back to Spain and brought 20 1 to let him do so = c. 2 gegeit. 3 The inf. (without Jit) is re- tained with fyetfeen. 4 Not fo. * Perf. 6 juni. 7 Plu. 8 jdjUefjen. 9 in. Case ? 75 76 GERMAN COMPOSITION. him up among the soldiers. After Hasdrubal had had 10 the chief command in Spain [for] eight years, he was murdered by a native. Then the army chose Hannibal for 11 [its] commander-in-chief, and the senate and people" of Car- 5 thage confirmed its choice. [Having been] brought up in the camp, Hannibal was the favorite of the army. The old warriors saw in him the image of his father. He had the same liveliness of (the) glance, the same fire in his 13 eyes, the same formation of 10 countenance, the same features. His mind was equally fitted to 14 command or to obey. If an undertaking demanded courage and activity, Hasdrubal liked best to place him at its head. 18 Under no leader did the warriors have more confidence. 15 He bore heat and cold with equal endurance. He was temperate in food and drink. For 16 sleep he needed neither a soft couch nor the stillness of night, and his war- riors often saw him, covered with a short mantle, lying upon the ground. He was by far the best horseman, as 20 well as the best foot-soldier. He was the first [one] to go into the fight, the last [one] to come out. But along with these great virtues he had, according to the representation of the Romans, also great faults : inhuman cruelty, bound- less faithlessness ; nothing was holy [to] him ; he recog- 25 nized no fear of the gods, no oath, no conscience. With such virtues and such faults Hannibal became the leader of the army. 10 ffifyreit. " flUttt. I2 The people collectively is meant ; use 2$olf, not Jeute. I3 Cf. 36, n. 18. I4 jjum, with inf. as noun. IS an Me ptfce (Joint). I6 gltm. BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. 77 34. Mozart. The family had returned to Salzburg. As yet (the) young Mozart had played only the piano, and no one sup- posed that he could play the violin. But the spirit of har- mony 1 which dwelt in his soul, anticipated all instruction. Some one had given him a violin, upon which, without his 5 father's knowing 2 [it], he had learned to play a little. One evening his father and two of his friends, Wenzel and Schachtner, had come together to try some trios. Wolf- gang asked to be allowed to play (the) second violin. His father refused his request, saying * that he had had no in- 10 struction on* the violin, and could therefore not possibly* play well enough. Then Mozart said: "It is not hard to play second violin ; one doesn't need to learn [to do] that." His father was vexed, and told 6 him to go away and not 15 to disturb them any more. The boy ran off, weeping bit- terly. But Schachtner, who liked the little [fellow] very much, begged 7 the father to let the boy play with him. So Mozart was called, and his father said to him : " Well, play with Mr. Schachtner, but so softly that no one can 20 hear you ; otherwise you must go away again." The music began. Schachtner noticed with astonishment that he was entirely superfluous. He laid his violin down and at the same time 8 looked at Mozart's father. At 9 this scene tears of joy 10 and tenderness streamed from the lat- 25 1 Insert def. art. For this use of def. art. with abstract nouns, see grammar. 2 Inf. as noun, or ol)ltc bafe, etc. 3 Make had had and could subj. of ind. dis. with Weil, and omit saying. Why? 4 Oltf. 5 not possibly = unmoflltd). 6 Not fngen. Retain infs. 7 33tttett per- mits the construction with ace. and inf. 8 Say merely, bobet. 9 53ei. 10 Cf. n. i. 78 GERMAN COMPOSITION. ter's " eyes. Mozart played all six trios. He was made so bold by 12 the applause which he received that he asserted that he could " also play first violin. The trial was made, and he played so well that he made no great mistakes. 5 He had early the consciousness of a real artist. Before persons who did not understand much about 14 music, he would play nothing but trifles and dances ; but he was all ls fire and attention when connoisseurs were present. One day he was to play a difficult piece by Wagenseil in the 10 presence of the imperial family. He did not 16 seem to have a very good opinion of 17 his audience, for he said to the emperor: "Isn't Mr. Wagenseil here? He ought to come here ; he understands it." The emperor had Wagen- seil step to " the piano. (The) little Mozart said to him : 15 " I am playing a piece of yours 19 : you must turn [the music] for me. 20 " . In 23 1764 Mozart's father went to England with his two children. Here (the) young Mozart especially distinguished himself by 51 his organ playing. During his stay in England 20 he composed his first symphony and six sonatas, and also wrote an excellent oratorio. And yet his appearance was meanwhile very child-like, and he acted like a child. For example, when he was once playing for others, a cat came into the room. The little player immediately ran away from 25 the piano in order to amuse himself with the cat, and for some time he could not be brought w back to his serious occupation. 11 Dat. Order ? l2 by (butcf)) the received applause. " May be inf. Why? M Bon. "all, or gait?? I6 not a = lent. 17 Won. "an. ^ by you. 20 Simp. dat. 2I int. 22 Act. with man. 23 im BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. 79 35. Frederick Barbarossa. The kingdom [of] Jerusalem had been destroyed by Saladin, and Jerusalem itself had again fallen into the hands of the infidels. The intelligence of these events awakened in Europe new enthusiasm to go * out to the reconquest of the holy city. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa also deter- 5 mined [upon] a crusade. After he had provided for the peace of the empire and, through ambassadors, had assured himself of the co-opera- tion 2 of the king of Hungary, the emperor of Greece, and the sultan of Iconium, he set out in May 1189 with an army 10 of 50,000 horsemen and as 3 many foot-soldiers. After many battles with the Bulgarians and the faithless Greeks, he reached Adrianople, where he wintered. He crossed over to Asia in Greek ships, and after numberless battles came before Iconium. 15 For several days he here fought against the Turks, who numbered 200,000 men. When many of the Christians were falling* back, the emperor cried: "Why do you delay, you 6 who have come out to buy the kingdom of heaven with your blood ? Forward ! Christ commands. 20 Christ triumphs." With these words he dashed [on] against the enemy. The Saracens fell back, and at the same time the Christian banners waved from the walls of Iconium. The emperor's son Frederick had stormed the city during the battle. 25 The army then came to Seleucia on the river Calycadnus. There the narrow bridge delayed the passage of the army 1 For go, depart, and other similar verbs of motion, fltefycn is fre- quently used. Cf. English draw near. Notice also set out, 1. 10. 2 Gen. 3 ebcnio. 4 Not fallen. s you who = (iljr) tie ifyr. 8O GERMAN COMPOSITION. very much. The emperor became impatient and rode into the raging flood. 6 But its might was greater than his cour- age. While struggling ' with its waters, he was stricken with apoplexy and sank. 8 A knight brought his body to 9 the 5 shore. The consternation and (the) sorrow of the army were indescribable. At 1 ' the intelligence of his death great sorrow filled all 11 Germany, but the people could not believe that the emperor was dead. 12 For years 13 many expected his return. Later 1 there arose the legend that the emperor was 12 sitting asleep in a grotto of the Kyff hauserberg, upon which one of his castles stood, and that his flaming beard had grown through the stone table at which he sat. There, it is said," he will remain till the ravens, frightened away by the eagle, no 15 longer circle about the mountain. 36. Goethe and Weimar. In December 1774 Karl August went 1 through Frankfort with his younger brother Constantin. They had both read "Gotz" and wished to make the personal acquaintance of the poet. He was invited to the inn at which they were. 20 Goethe was received with flattering kindness and afterwards accompanied the young princes to Mainz. His father did not like the affair ; his opinion was that a commoner did best 2 to keep 3 as far as possible [from] a prince. Goethe, who had similar opinions, said that they had to do here 6 Plu. 7 Cf. 45, n. 26. * (Der)fm!en. 9 an. I0 oitf (ace.). " Do not inflect. J2 Mode and tense ? " 3ol)re long. u May be omitted. Cf. 77, n. 3. 1 reijen, rather than gefaen. 2 Adv. superl. * bleiben. BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. 8 1 with an exception to 4 the rule. At that 5 time he did not suspect how near he should come ' [to] Karl August. At the beginning of the autumn of the next year, Karl August, who had been married shortly before and had entered upon the government of his country, again passed 5 through Frankfort. On this occasion he repeated the wish which he had expressed on ' his first visit, to see Goethe as [a] guest at his court. Then a serious consultation took place in the Goethe 8 family. The father considered it im- proper for a commoner's son to enter into friendly inter- 10 course with a prince ; the mother hesitated ; Goethe said that it could do no 9 harm to make a trial, and his view finally prevailed. "Goethe rose like a star in Weimar," said Knebel. Be- tween him and Karl August all formalities were put 10 aside. 15 They ate together, often slept in the same chamber, and addressed each other with the brotherly "Du." Goethe introduced skating into Weimar. Up to that time it had been considered a plebeian amusement there. He took part in u masquerades, hunts, and other diversions. 20 After Goethe had for several weeks taken part, as [a] guest, in the sittings of the privy council, Karl August deter- mined to elevate him to the rank of a privy councillor of legation. In order to get 12 the consent of his parents, one of the court officials had to write to them at 13 the command 25 of the duke. In this letter is said 14 : "The duke's inclination for ls your son, the unlimited confidence which he puts 16 in him, makes 4 toon. s ber, not jener. 6 tretett. 7 bei. 8 Adj., otlje'ftf). 9 ntcljt. I0 aufgefyoben. " an (dat.). I2 erlangeu. I3 ouf. 14 fyetfjt e. 15 gegen. I6 jefeen. 82 GERMAN COMPOSITION. it impossible for them to separate from each other. 11 It would never have occurred to him to give his Goethe an- other position, another character than that of (a) friend, if established forms did not make such [a thing] necessary. . . 5 On 18 the presupposition that you are not capable of deny- ing your consent (thereto), our young prince will take your son into his ministry with 19 the title of a privy councillor of legation [and] with a salary of 1200 thalers." Goethe's parents had long since heard how [much] he 10 liked Weimar, and they were therefore pleased at this in- quiry. What his mother felt may be learned 20 from 21 one of her letters, a part M of which is given here : " Yester- day we heard many pleasant 23 and good [things] from our son. I am convinced that you will rejoice in our joy, that 15 you, so old a friend and acquaintance of our son, will take much interest 54 in his good fortune. May God direct him further, and permit him to do much good 26 in the land of Weimar. 26 I am convinced that you will say with us, Amen ! " 37. Schiller's Flight from Stuttgart. 20 Streicher, who was one of Schiller's noblest friends, deter- mined to accompany him upon his flight and to share its dangers with him. But Schiller did not wish to leave his home without bidding farewell to the parental house. 1 The whole affair was to remain concealed* from his father, 1 so 25 that he might give his word of honor, 2 if 3 necessary, that 17 fid) Don etnanber. I8 in. I9 imter. *> Act. with man. " au. 22 Arr., of which a part. 23 oiel @d)bne. 24 oQcn SlnUil an (dat.X 2S Cf. n. 23. 26 She wrote, in ben SBeimartfdjen Sanben. 1 Simp. dat. 2 Compound. 3 tto. * Derbergen. BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. 83 he knew nothing of* his son's purpose. Schiller had dis- closed his plan to his oldest sister Christophine and had received her sympathizing assent. His mother had learned [of] it through his sister. That day Schiller, in company with Streicher, was for the 5 last time in many years at 5 the Solitude with his parents. There were others in the room. The mother could not control herself; she tried to talk, but she could not speak a word. Luckily the father was very much occupied at that time, and so the mother and son could leave the room 10 unnoticed. After 6 some time Schiller went back to the company, but without his mother. The traces of her grief would have been visible. She could look upon this step of her son as necessary, if he would 7 assure his future happiness and escape an un- 15 deserved imprisonment, and yet it almost broke her (the) heart to lose her only son from causes which were so in- significant that they would have remained unheeded in an- other state. How painful the parting hadbeen [to] theson, one could see by* his face and his tearful eyes. He re- 20 mained silent and absorbed on the way back. 10 According to the agreement everything that they wished to take away was to be ready at ten o'clock on the next morning. 11 When Streicher came at that time, he found Schiller busied with the odes of Klopstock, one of which" 25 4 Won. 5 auf ber olitiibe ; a castle once occupied by the ducal school, of which Schiller had been a pupil. At this time his parents lived in part of it. 6 nud) eintgev 3eit. 7 Not nnivbe. * au8. 9 an (dat). I0 Compound. The phrase may begin the sent. Here, as is often the case, the inverted order may be used where the English prefers the normal. Many illustrative sentences can be found in the following pages. " Arr., on the next morning at ten o'clock. 12 Cf. 82, h. 22. 84 GERMAN COMPOSITION. had so interested him that he was composing an ode at this decisive time. The things had, of course, remained un- packed. In spite of all urging Streicher had first to hear Klopstock's ode and then the new poem, before Schiller 5 would 13 begin his preparations. At nine o'clock in the evening u Schiller came to Strei- cher's dwelling with two old pistols under his coat. The one which was whole but which had no flint, was put in the trunk; the other [one], which was broken, was put into 10 the carriage. Of course, both pistols were 15 loaded only with wishes for safety and a fortunate journey. The supply of money which the travelers had was very small. After procuring 16 the necessary clothing and other things which were considered indispensable, our poet had 15 left" only twenty-three guldens, and his friend twenty-eight, insignificant sums, which however their hopes increased ten- fold. When it had grown dark the carriage was 15 loaded, and at ten o'clock the journey was begun. The fugitives went out " at the Esslingen 19 gate, because 20 it was the darkest [one], and one of Schiller's most faithful friends commanded the watch there, so that, if (a) difficulty should arise, it could at once be removed through the inter- vention of the officer. But they passed through the gate in safety. 25 They believed now that they had escaped 20 a great danger, and yet only a few words were exchanged between them, so long as they were driving around the city in order to get 51 upon the road to Ludwigsburg. But when the first 13 rooflen. I4 Cf. n. n. IS nntrben, or maren? I6 Cf. 45, n. 26. 17 iibrig. " ju IjinauS. I9 (SjjUnger, indec. adj. * entrtnuen. May be inf. Dat. 2l fommeiu BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. 85 height lay behind them, tranquillity returned, and the con- versation became more lively, and referred not only to the immediate 22 past but also to the future. Towards midnight they saw an extraordinary glow in the sky, and when the carriage came in line M with the Solitude, $ they could see the castle so distinctly in the clear air that Schiller could show his companion the point where his parents dwelt. But then he was so overcome by his emo- tions, that he cried, "My mother." Between one and two o'clock in the morning they reached 10 Entzweihingen, where they rested. Scarcely had they or- dered coffee and made themselves a little comfortable, when Schiller drew out some unprinted poems by the captive Schubart, of which, although he had not slept the night before, 24 he read the most important aloud to his compan- 15 ion. At eight o'clock in the morning the friends reached the boundary of the country and felt themselves safe for the first time. The first [thing] that 28 Schiller did after he arrived at Mannheim was to write to the duke and request the re- 20 moval of the interdict which had caused his flight from Stuttgart. A reply was afterwards received from (the) General Auge. In it Schiller's request was entirely passed over, and he was merely told 26 to return at once. He wrote again, and again nothing followed but the stern command 25 to return at once. Then Schiller recognized for the first time that the breach between him and his country was irreparable. ** jungft. 23 in bie Sinie ber. ** Adj. '* roa. * Ijeijjen, with man. 86 GERMAN COMPOSITION. 38. The ancient Germans. The Germans loved (the) life in the open [air] above all 1 [things]. They built no cities; they compared them to (the) prisons. 2 The few places which are mentioned by the Latin writers under the name of 3 cities were probably 5 nothing but the residences of the nobility, somewhat larger than those of the common freemen and surrounded by* a wall and a ditch, or they were stations upon the highways which went through the land. The Low-Germans did not generally live in villages (al- 10 though according to Tacitus there were villages in many regions) but on 6 farms. The houses were in the midst of the fields which belonged to* them, and were surrounded by an enclosure. These houses were very simple. Beams hewn ' by the ax were set " up and fastened together, the 1 5 interstices [were] filled with twisted willow twigs 9 and cov- ered with clay and straw. A straw roof 9 covered the whole. The favorite occupations 9 of the Germans were (the) war and the chase, and the boys were early exercised in the use of weapons. That was a festal day in the life of a boy 20 when he was first allowed to chase the wild animals in the forest with his father. 1 Ace. sing. 2 Simp. dat. 3 Don. 4 mil. s The chief difference between e tft (finb) and c gtebt is, that the former expresses what is definite, the latter what is more indefinite; or the former expresses what is in a definite (small) space, the latter what is in more indefi- nite (larger) place. In many phrases either may be used. 6 ailf. 7 Arr., with the ax hewn beams. * aufridjten. 9 Compound. These and similar cases in preceding selections may serve to call attention to the great frequency with which compounds are made in German. In many cases the English words are also practically compounds, though not so written. * git. HISTORICAL SELECTIONS. 8/ Tacitus says that agriculture, cattle raising, and the affairs of the house were left 10 entirely to the women u and vassals. But this description is probably not true in all respects. The smaller proprietor, like the peasant of to-day," prob- ably helped cultivate his fields, while the greater land-owner 5 had time for 13 the chase, for social intercourse, and for festivities. The clothing and food of the ancient Germans were very simple. The women wore garments spun 14 and woven by themselves. The man knew no ornament save his weapons, to He adorned his shield and his helmet, when he wore one, as well [as] he could. No people respected the rights of hospitality more than the ancient Germans. To turn J " away a stranger, whoever he might be, 16 from one's house would have been disgrace- 15 ful. If the supply of provisions at" one house was con- sumed, then he 18 who had just been the host, would 19 be- come the guide and escort of his guest, and, uninvited, they would both enter another house, where they would be kindly received. 20 When the stranger took [his] leave, he received what- [ever] he desired as [a] gift, and the giver asked in his turn just as freely and openly for what he desired. The good-natured people took pleasure in M presents, but they neither esteemed 21 the gifts too highly, nor considered them- 25 selves under obligations to those 22 who had given them. 23 10 iibertaffen. " Simp. dat. I2 Adj. " Arr., while time had for (jit). Such arrangements of a series of phrases (or even of one phrase) after the transposed verb are very common. u Arr., them- selves (fdbft) spun and woven garments. Is juviirfroeifen. l6 Pres. subj- 17 in. 1S bcr, or berjenigc. I9 Would expressing repeated or habitual action is commonly dropped and the past of the verb used. So here, became, entered, were. 20 an (dat.). " Arr., esteemed neither nor considered they. 22 Simp. dat. Order ? 23 btejelbcn. 88 GERMAN COMPOSITION. 39. The Crossing of the Delaware. 1 The beginning of December was extremely raw, so that the English had lost all desire 2 to pursue immediately the advantage they had gained over 8 the Americans. Howe put* his regiments into winter-quarters, thinking* that he 5 could wait till after the beginning of the new year. Washington learned that the Hessians were on the other side of the Delaware in and about Trenton. The total force under his command amounted to 7000 men. He divided them into three columns, which were to cross the 10 Delaware at 8 three different points and attack the enemy. As night came on, Washington reached the river at the head of the first column of 2400 men. A violent north-wind drove snow and sleet into the faces of the Americans 7 ; there was much ice in the river. Under 15 these circumstances the passage was not merely difficult, it was in the highest degree dangerous. Washington had counted 8 on standing upon the other shore with his troops at 9 midnight. But on account of the running of the ice " and the storm the last man did not land until three o'clock. 20 Towards four o'clock all was in order, and the march to Trenton was begun. The storm was still raging violently. The Americans were marching towards 11 enemies who were stronger than they, and who, in case they were already in- formed of the undertaking, had doubtless chosen favorable 25 positions. It was then uncertain whether the other columns 1 Masc. 2 Sufi. 3 Case ? * legen. s inbem er metnte. Cf. 45, n. 26. 6 an. 7 the Americans into the face. Cf. 39, n. 13. 8 counted thereon (bavailf), to stand. 9 itm. I0 Compound. " entgegett (dat.); follows its noun. Why not use nad) ? HISTORICAL SELECTIONS. 89 had succeeded in crossing" the river, although it was afterwards learned " that they did not cross till 14 later. Towards eight o'clock the van-guard of the first column was greeted with musket shots, and by that means the Hes- sians who were in Trenton, were alarmed. They assembled 5 hastily, but Washington had already reached the town and advanced to the attack. At first they offered 1S brave resist- ance, but surrendered when their colonel had fallen. Thus about 1000 men, among them 24 officers, were captured. Several hundred men saved themselves by (the) flight. 10 This would not have occurred if the other columns of the Americans had crossed the river earlier and taken possession of some bridges. But prudence commanded that the Americans should be satisfied for the present, and Washing- ton went back over the Delaware. ^ Washington soon learned that the English, instead of fol- lowing him, had retreated. Then he determined to risk a second stroke. Four days after his first passage he crossed the Delaware again. General Howe sent Lord Cornwallis with 8000 men to meet 18 him. Washington took a strong 17 20 position and repelled several attacks. But, as Cornwallis was stronger than he, he left his camp in the night and con- tinued his march. Near Princeton he attacked three English regiments, and after a hard struggle the enemy fled, leaving 500 men dead 25 and wounded on the battle-field. Washington then took 1 ' winter-quarters in the region around Morristown. He occu- pied an impregnable position and annoyed the enemy " so much by sending 50 out flying corps, that they had to evac- uate that region. "Inf. " Act. with man. u Not till = evfh Is leiftcn (render). 16 Hjm eutgegen. l7 fcft. 18 Not nehtnen. " Plu., or say he for they in following clause. * burrfj s Jlll8fenbung Don. 9O GERMAN COMPOSITION. 40. Sobieski before Vienna. Then the king turned to his Poles and made ' the follow- ing address to 2 them in the Polish tongue : " Warriors and friends : The number of our enemies down there is great, almost greater than at 3 Choczim, 5 where we trod them into the dust. It is (a) strange soil upon which we fight, and yet here * also we are fighting for our fatherland ; under the walls of Vienna we protect our beloved Poland. We rescue to-day not only a single city ; we rescue all 5 Christendom in 6 freeing its most important 10 bulwark, the city [of] Vienna, from the enemy. You 1 are fighting a holy fight in which even (the) unrewarded exertion is glorious and to fall [is to] win a heavenly crown. You are not fighting for your king but for God himself. His omnipotence has led you up 8 these pathless heights 15 without a struggle and has already given half 9 the victory into your 10 hands. Already the haughty infidels see you above their heads. They lose (the) courage and creep into valleys and gorges as [if] into their graves. I have only one command to give you : [Let] your king be your 20 example. Forward, then ! Follow me, brave warriors ; follow me, noblemen and knights ; to-day you are to win your spurs ! " After a short conference with the duke of Lorraine and an address to the officers, the Polish king gave the com- 25 mand to attack the enemy, with the cry, " God is our help ! " The prince of Waldeck and the elector of Bavaria com- 1 fyalten. 2 an (ace.). 3 bet. 4 Order ? s the -whole. 6 inbcm, with subor. clause. 7 iljr. 8 fytttauf. Order ? 9 the half. I0 Cf. 39, n. 13. HISTORICAL SELECTIONS. QI manded n the centre of the army, the king of Poland the right and the duke of Lorraine the left wing. The battle lasted all day long, 12 but, when evening came, the victory of the Christian army was sure, and the Turks had fled. They were pursued [for] two hours after sunset 5 by the cavalry, but the tired troops finally had to turn back. The Polish king took possession of the tent of the grand vizier. On 13 the night of the i3th of September u he wrote to his wife from this tent that he had made himself the heir of the grand vizier. 10 "This tent alone," he wrote in the letter to his wife, " has a circumference as great as that of the city [of] Warsaw or Lemberg It is impossible to describe the luxury which prevailed in the tent of the grand vizier. There were baths and little gardens with fountains and rabbit-burrows. 15 Four or five quivers 15 set with rubies or sapphires are alone worth some thousands [of] ducats. You 16 can not now say to me, my dearest, what the Tartar women say to their hus- bands when they come home without booty 17 : 'You 16 are no warrior because you have brought nothing [to] me.' " 2 o On the next morning after the great victory over the Turks 18 and their 19 flight, King Sobieski made 20 his entry into Vienna. As the heat was great and the king was tired on account of the exertions of the previous day, he sat down upon a stone 21 to rest a little before he entered the 25 city. Afterwards the name of the king was cut 22 into the stone, and it remained a memorial of that noteworthy day until it was destroyed by the French in the year 1809. 11 tomtnanbieven. I2 ben flatten Sag (bjnburd)). " in. l4 bc 13. for 13ten) (September. IS Am, four or five with rubies or sapphires set (beje^t) quivers, I6 Pronoun ? " Order ? IS Ace. I9 May be bereit. Why? fallen. "Case? 22 Ijcmen. 92 GERMAN COMPOSITION. Having arrived M in the city, the king went first to M the church of the Jesuits to thank God for the victory, and then to the church of St. Stephen. Afterwards there was a ban- quet at 25 the house of Count Starhemberg, whither the king 5 went in the count's carriage. 41. The Nile. The Nile is the servant that supplies the tables of the land of Egypt with food. Above 1 Cairo the great, [as] yet undivided, stream is a magnificent sight, although the mul- titude of boats, 2 filled with the people and products of the 10 land, which covered its surface in the times 3 of Herodotus, has mostly disappeared. In the times of the Pharaohs Egypt richly nourished and sustained seven million inhabitants. To-day the number scarcely amounts to five millions. [And] yet the land, 15 under complete cultivation, could still nourish and clothe its seven million inhabitants with all their domestic animals as in the times of its former greatest prosperity, for the Nile opens his hand just as wide as formerly. If one wishes to comprehend what Egypt would be with- 20 out the blessing of the Nile, one must see the land in the condition in which it is* before the overflow. The winter there is as warm as our spring, and lower Egypt is then often refreshed with showers. But after a few weeks the freshness of nature disappears. The heat is as great in 25 March as with us in summer. The fields are then white for 6 the harvest, and at the beginning of April the wheat is cut. 23 after he etc., or in the city arrived. ** in. 25 in. 1 oberfjdlb (gen.). 2 Arr., the with the people and products of the land filled boats. 3 gur 3"*, or in &en Beiten. 4 fid) befinbm. s ju. HISTORICAL SELECTIONS. 93 Then come the hot winds which stream for seven weeks [from] out the south. The verdure of the meadows almost disappears, and only the palm-tree keeps 6 its green leaves in [the midst of] the drought and heat. At this time no foreigner should go to Egypt, for then the pest and other 5 [kinds of] sickness 7 rage. But when the heat is greatest 8 the cooling north-winds begin to blow. The rain begins to fall, but the rising 9 of the water in the Nile is not very noticeable before the beginning of July. From that time on a crier announces in the streets of 10 Cairo how high the water has risen on each day. In Au- gust (the) millet is sown, as it flourishes best, when young, beneath the water. It is not unpleasant for a 10 foreigner to live and travel in Egypt in the month [of] September. The north-winds are now the prevailing [ones] and swell the 15 sails of the boats steering towards Thebes. On the 26th or 2yth of September the stream has, as 11 a rule, reached its highest point. The height of the water now begins to lessen gradually. The greater part of the fields now become visible. Wheat 20 and barley, and many other grains are sown. Thus all the labors of the husbandman are determined in Egypt by the time of the overflow of the Nile, and early does the stream teach him to pay heed to the duration of the year and its seasons, and to esteem it as the greatest benefactor of the 25 land. 6 bcljaltcit. 7 Plu. 8 am flrbfjten, or bie grbjjte? 9 Inf. as noun. 10 Def. art. Why ? " Say, in the. 94 GERMAN COMPOSITION. 42. The Battle in the Teutoburger Forest. 1 In the times of the emperor Augustus (the) ancient Ger many was bounded on 2 the north by 3 the German Ocean 4 and the Baltic, on the east by the Vistula and the Car- pathian [mountains], on the south by the Danube, and on 5 the west by the Rhine. The country was rough and covered with impenetrable forests. As the Germans were making constant incursions into Gaul, Drusus, the step-son of (the) Augustus, determined to attack them in their own country. For four years in sue- 10 cession he made incursions into Germany. He built fifty strongholds on 6 the Rhine and forced his way forwards as far 6 as the Elbe. After the death of Drusus Tiberius assumed the chief command. He overcame the Germans more by trickery 15 than by bravery, and met with such success that the Romans soon regarded the country between the Rhine and the Weser as dependent upon them. 7 They began to introduce their language, customs and laws. The next governor, Quintilius Varus, desired especially 20 to increase the Roman influence. Because the people were at first quiet, he believed that he could 8 easily carry out his plans. But the Germans were really dissatisfied, and especially Arminius, 9 a Cheruskan prince. He had served in the Roman army, and, as [the] leader 25 of the Cheruskan auxiliaries, he had become a Roman citizen and knight. Now 10 that Rome's plan of subduing the Germans was becoming more and more clear, he felt 1 Compound. 2 in. 3 won. 4 9torb unb Oftfee. s an, or cutf ? 8 bi8 Jit. 7 Simp. dat. 8 Inf. 9 3(rminiu8, or, more commonly, er= mann. I0 jefet, ba. HISTORICAL SELECTIONS. 95 himself called 11 [to be] the saviour of his country, and with some other Cheruskan nobles laid" a plan to de- liver it. Meanwhile Varus feared no danger, and especially none from [the] side" of Arminius, 14 whom he trusted so much 5 that he paid no heed to the suggestions of Segastes, another Cheruskan prince, who was an enemy of Arminius. But while he was leading a merry camp-life on the left bank of the Weser, he suddenly received intelligence of an insurrec- tion on the Ems. He made preparations for 15 breaking 10 camp and had the Cheruskan princes renew their promise of assisting him. The day before Varus broke camp Segastes made him acquainted with the whole plan, but Varus did not believe him. 16 He knew that Arminius and Segastes were enemies, 15 because the former had carried off the latter's daughter, Thusnelda, and had married her against" her father's will. Thus a higher power seems to have blinded Varus, in order that Germany should become free. The German princes separated from Varus, as they said, 20 in order to lead their troops to him. Instead of doing 18 so they called their people to freedom. From valley to valley the call resounded and carried 19 all along with it. 20 Even Segastes followed the others. Suspecting nothing, the Roman army under Varus, without strict discipline and with 25 much baggage, went through the impenetrable forest, in which they had first to make 21 roads and to bridge streams. 11 bevufen gum. I2 eutroerfen. I3 Don eitett. u Insert def. art. if 3lrnumu is used. Why? " gum 9lufbvudj. 16 Case? I7 wibev. 18 auftatt beffeu. I9 reifjen. 20 itjm, or fid) ? 21 batten. 96 GERMAN COMPOSITION. Soon continual rains made the ground so spongy that horses and men went staggering along, and all became ex- hausted. Suddenly the Germans, at first singly, then in masses, broke forth from the forest from all sides and 5 attacked the exhausted Romans. Finally the army reached an open' 22 spot, where the attacks ceased, and pitched (a) camp for 23 a night's rest. On the following morning the army went on. Scarcely had the legions reached the Teutoburger forest, when they 10 were again attacked from all sides. Only with difficulty did they reach a place at evening where they could rest. On the third morning the attacks were continued. The bowstrings, 24 relaxed by the rain, refused [to do] their duty. The heavy armor of the Romans became a 26 15 double burden [to] them, while the light-armed Germans were less impeded. The Romans finally reached the south- western slope of the Teutoburger forest, where the plain begins. Here the chief army of the Germans was as- sembled. 20 In the neighborhood of the present Detmold the last struggle began. The Roman legions gave way, their cavalry fell 26 into disorder, their eagles were taken. Varus himself when he saw all lost, fell upon 27 his sword in order not to survive the disgrace. Most of the Romans succumbed [to] 25 the swords of the Germans, and only a few escaped. The revenge of the exasperated victors did not always spare the captives ; many were sacrificed on the altars of their gods. Even the body of Varus was torn to pieces, and his head was sent by Arminius to Marbod, who had taken 22 | V ^ 23 , ul . 24 Arr., t fa ty ffo rain re i axec i lustrings. 25 JUV. 86 geroten, zl in. HISTORICAL SELECTIONS. 97 no part in the general struggle for liberty. Some of the captives were made slaves, and even Roman knights and senators had to spend the rest of their days in servitude. This battle annihilated one of the bravest and best drilled Roman armies, which, with its auxiliaries, was estimated at 5 50,000 men. When the intelligence of this defeat came to Rome, all were bewildered. They already believed that the left bank of the Rhine, together with Belgium and Gaul, was 28 lost, and that Italy was threatened. Augustus so lost (the) hope that he rent his garments in 10 his distress and cried : " Varus, Varus, give M me back my legions ! " With anxious haste, as if the enemy were already coming 28 to attack Rome, all Germans and Gauls were removed from the city, and the German boc'y-guard was sent away. But the Germans did not think of conquest. 15 They destroyed all memorials of Roman servitude and returned to 30 their hearths. 28 Mode ? 2 ' gieb. *> ait. VOCABULARY. EXPLANATIONS. The abbreviations employed are the usual ones. In addition to these a dash [ ] indicates the repetition of the title word. In nouns the genitive is indicated when it differs from the nominative, and the plural is indicated whenever the word has one. Thus, ernid)ten. announce, Derfiinbigen, melben. annoy, bclciftigen, ^)(agen. another, ein anberer. answer, n., Stntttort, / -en (to, auf, ace.); z>.,anttt)orten (dat.pers.\ auf, ace. thing). ant, Slmeife, / -it. anticipate, juDorfommen, S., j. (dat.). anxious, a'ttgftlid), bange. any, not , fetlt; not more Jdit ntefjr. anything, etroaS. apoplexy, d)lag, m. -e, *e; be stricken with , Jjom @d)fage ge= riibrt luerben. apparently, fdjetnbar. appear, erfdjeinen, S., f. appearance, SUtSfeben, n. -8. applause, Setfall, m. -. a PPiy f'd) roenbeil, irr. or reg. (to, an, ace.). appointment, grnennung, / -en. April, Styril', m. -. arise, ftd) erbeben, S., entfieben, S., f. arm, 2lrm, m. -e, -e. armor, 33ctt)affnung,/ -en. armor-bearer, SBaffentra'ger, m. -% army, eer, n. -e8,-e, Slrmee',/. -n. around, prep., lint (ace.) ; adv., urn* b,cr. arouse, erttjedfen. arrange, ein*vtd)ten. arrive, an^fommen, S., f. (at, in, dat.) article, Slrtifel, m. -S, . artist, $iinfHer, m. -8, . as, line; (time) al; (comparison, cf. 36, n. 21) al8, tt)ie; (inasmuch as) ba; (81,1.7) fllS; as... as, fo... ttiie (o(); if, al8 ob (roenn); well , fo roobl al, nrie and). ascend, befteigen, S. Asia, STfUrt/ . -g. ask, fragen; (request) bitten, S. (for, urn) ; he was ed, man fragte tint; questions, gragen petlen; about, ftd) erfunbigen nod), fro* gen itadj. VOCABULARY. 103 asleep, frf)fafenb; be , fdjlafen, S. ; fall , ein=fd)Iafen, S., f. assemble, tr., toerfammeln; intr., fid) Berfammeln. assent, ,3uftitnnmng, /. -en. assert, bebaupten. assist, ftelfcn, S. (dat. fers.), beU fteben, S. (dat. pen.}. assume, iibernehmen, S. assure, fidjern; refl., ftd) Berfidjern. astonished, crftaunt (at, fiber, ace.), astonishment, Srftaunen, n. -8. at, (place) an (dat.) ; (time) Jit (dat.); (hours of day) unt (ace.) ; (town) in (dat.) ; out , gu I)inau8 ; - all, see all. attack, v., an=greifen, S.; n., Slngriff, m. -S, -e. attention, 3lufmerl{omfcit, /. audience, Slubienj', / -en; (per- sons) 3"ptev, m. -$, . August, ^ugufF, m. -8. autumn, erbft, m. -8, -c. auxiliaries, ilf8trutotoen, /.//. awake(n), tr., ettuecfen; intr., er= njadjen. away, eg, fort, batoon. B babe, (Heine) ^inb, n. -e, -er. back, juritrf ; (again) nricber. bad, fct)(e(f)t; worse, see the word. bag, @acf, m. -e, ^e. baggage, epacf, n. -8, -e. balance, au$gleid)en, S. balcony, SBalfon', m. -, -e. ball, S3aD, m. -e, *e. Baltic, Oftfee, /. bank, Ufer, n. -, . banner, 5fll) lte / / ~ n - banquet, geflmahf, n. -e, -e. bare, nacft. barley, er^e, /. barley-field, erflenfelb, n. -e, -er, bath, 33ab, n. -e, "er. bathe, tr., baben; intr., ftd) baben. battle, @d)tad)t, /. -en, ^ampf, m. -e?, "e. battle-field, d)Iad)tfelb, n. -, -er. Bavaria, 99aiern, n. -8. be, fetn, irr. ; (become) ttjerbett, irr.; (of health) ftd) befinben, S. ; (live) Icben; (remain) bleiben, S., f.; I am to (cf. 30, n. 5), id) foil; there is (are) (cf. 86, n. 5), e ift (ftnb), e giebt; that is, ba Ijctfjt; how are you, uie befinben @ie ftd). beam, 33al!en, m. -, ; (light) @traf)t, m. -e, -en. bear, ertragen, S. beard, SBart, m. -e$, "e. beast, ier, n. -e, -e. beautiful, fdjbn. because, fteil. become, ruerben, irr.; (suit) fiehen, S. (dat.). bed, iBett, n. -e, -en; get out of , au (toon) bent SSette auf=fleb,en, S.; put to , ju S3ette bringen, irr. bed-room, @d)Iafjimmer, n. -9, . before, prep., (place) to or (dat. or ace.); (time) Dor (dat.) ; conj., che; adv., Berber, jntoor; (cf. 85, 1. 15) ttorig (adj.) ; this, fd)on friihcr; just (34, 1. 23) fur? wor. beg, bitten, S. beggar, Settler, m. -8, . begin, begimten, S., an=fangen, S. IO4 VOCABULARY. beginning, Slnfani], m. -8, ^e; at the , im (git) Slnfang. behind, hinter (dat. or ace.) ; oul from , Ijintei- (dat.) - Belgium, 23elgien, n. -8. believe, glaubeit (dat. pers., ace. thing). belong, geljoren (to, dat.). beloved, gdiebt. below, unten. beneath, iinter (dat. or ace.). benefactor, SBobtthater, m. -9, . berry, SBeere, /. -it. beside one's self, aufjer fid). besides, babei. best, beft. betake, fici) begcbcit, S. better, beffer. between, ^ttrijdjen (dat. or ace.). bewildered, ttertmrrt. bid, hetften, S. (takes inf. without git). big, groji (comp., grofjer, super., gvofet). bill, @d)itabel, m. -9, \ bind, binben, S. binding (of book), (Etnbanb, z.-8/e. bird, SBogel, m. -8, \ birthday, eburtstag, m. -6, -c. bishop, 53i|cf)of, m. -6, *e. bitterly, bitterlid^. blessing, egen, m. -S, . blind, Derbteitben. blood, SMut, n. -e. blow, tuetjen, blafeit, S. blue, btatt. boat, 25oot, n. -c8, -c. body, $orer, m. -9, ; (corpse) ?eid)ttam, m. -s, -c. body-guard, ?eibmad)e, / -n. bold, book, S3ud), n. -e, ^cr. boot, ticfel, m. -8, . booty, S3eitte, /. borrow, borgcit. both, bctbe; the, betbc, bie betbett. bottom, 33obctt, m. -, or ^; at the , cutf bent iBoben. bottomless, bobenloS. bound, bcgveujcn. boundary, renje, / -it. boundless, ntaOIoS. bouquet, traitfj, m. -c, *e. bow, v. t fid) Werbeitgen; n., 3Srr. bcitgung, /. -en. bowl, @d)ale, / -n. bowstring, SSogcnfebnc, /. -n. boy, itnabe, m. -n, -it. bramble, Srontbeerftvaitd), m. -8, -cr. brave, tapfer. bravery, apfer!eit, / breach, S3rud), m. -e, a e. bread, 33vot, n. -e; crumb, S3rotlrume, /. -n. break, bvedjen, S. ; (applied to ob- jects, generally) gerbredjett ; forth, b,ertiov=bved)en; out, au8= bred)en. breakfast, friihftiicten. bribe, beftedjeit, S. bridge, n., S3riicfe, /. -it; v., uber bvMen. brief, furg. bright, bctt. bring, bvtngcit, S.; (go and get) {joint; together, bcuanboklt; up (rear), erjiehett, S. brother, 23ruber, m. -8, \ brotherly, briiberltd). build, baucn. VOCABULARY. 105 building, ebaitbe, . -8, . Bulgarian, iBuIgarier, m. -8, . bulwark, 53otltt)erf, n. -8, -e. burden, ilaft, /. -en. burn, brcnnen, *>r. bury, bcgrabcn, S. bush, trand), m. -e8, "er. busied, befd)afttgt. busily, gefdjaftig. business, efdjaft, . -8, -e; letter, ejdjaftsbvief, m. -8, -c. but, obcr, attein; (strongly adversa- tive and after a neg.) foilbcrn; (nev- ertheless) bod), jebod); nothing , llidjtS al8; not only... but also, md)t nitr . . . fonbern and). buy, fanfen. by,/rtcI)jud)t,/. [fad)en. cause, ., Urfadje, /. -n; v., io6 VOCABULARY. cavalry, SarjaEerie', /. cease, auf=bovcn. ceiling, ^lafonb', m. -8, -8. celebrate, feiern. celebration, ^eter, /. cell, Belle,/, -n. centre, Centrum, . -8,//. Sentven. ceremony, (marriage) framing, /. -en. certainly, germft. chair, @tul)I, m. -e8, -"e. challenge, ouf=forbern (to, 311). chamber, hammer,/, -n. chancellor, Jtanjter, m. -8, . change, tierfinbern; (transform), ers roanbeln; (exchange), tiertaujcijen (for, mit). character^ljaraf'ter, m.-, pl.-it'n. charmed, entgiirft. [jagen (dat.). chase, ., Sagb, /. -en; v., nac^ chat, ptanbern. chatter, ftap^ern. cheek, SBange,/. -n. cheerful, Better. Cheruskan, ., f)em8fer, m. -8, ; adj., d)eru8fijci). chest, tifte,/. -n ; gold , olbf ifte. chief, army, auptbeer, . -8, -e; command, Oberbefeb^wz.-S, -e; privy councillor, Cbergefyetmrat, m. -8, fi e. child, $inb, . -e8, -er; '& flesh, $inberfleifcf), . -e8. child-like, finberljaft. [gefut^t choice, ., 2Bal)l, /. -en; adj., au8 cold, adj., fait (comp., falter, super., falteft) ; ., . alte, etc., etc. cholera, Sfyolera,/. choose, roafylen, erroab,len (for, gu). Christ, (b,riftu8, (b,riftt, etc., Lat. dec. Christendom, Sbripen!)ett f f. Christian, ., S^rip, w. -en, -en; adj., cfjriftUd). Christmas, 3Seib,naci)ten, //.; - dinner, 3Betl)nac^t8mabt, . -8, -e; at , 311 2Betb,natf)ten. church, ^irt^e, /. -n; of the Jesuits, 3>ejuitenfird)e; to , gut circle about, umfreijeru circumference, Umfang, m. -8. circumstance, llmftanb, m. -8, *e. citizen, S3itrger, m. -8, . city, @tabt,/ ^e. claw, Ifratte,/. -n. clay, ., ?eb,m, m. -e8; adj., lefymift. clear, flar. clever, Hug, gefcfjeit. climate, ^Uma, n. -8, -tc. clock, o' , Ub,r; two o' , groei llb,v; at (towards) ten o' , urn (gegen) gebn llb,r. close, jcftliefcen, S. close by, bid^t bei (dat.}. cloth, nd), n. -e8, ^er; Xtfo^tud^; lay the , ben Stfdj becfen. clothe, befleiben. clothes, $teiber, . //.; put on , ^leiber an=gieb,en, S. clothing, see clothes, Co., see company. coach, SSagen, m. -8, , $utfd)e, /.-n. coat, 9locf, m. -8, ^e. cock, ab,n, m. -e8, "e. coffee, ^affee, m. -8. cold, adj., fait; ., i?atte,/.; of winter, SBinterfa'tte. colonel, Oberft, m. -en, -e or -en. column, ^otonne,/ -n. VOCABULARY. ID/ come, fommen, S., f.; by, Borbei= fommen; on, hcran=fommen; together, jufammen=!ommen. comfortable, bequem. coming, fommen, n. -8. command, ., 33efehl,z. -8, -e; v., befefylen, S. (dat.), gebteten, S. (dat.); (military) fommaubieren; at the , auf ben S3efehl; be in of, an= fiihren. commander-in-chief, ^elbherr, m. -\\, -en. commend, em^febleit, S. commission, ., 2luftrag, m. -8, "e; v., aitf=tvagen, S. (dat.). common, gemeiit. commoner, SMrger, m. -8, ; 's son, Siirgerfohn, m. -8, -"e. commonplace thing, 3UltagUd) feit,/. -en. companion, efabrte, m. -n, -n. company, efcttfdjaft./'I-en; (part- nership) dompogui'e, /. -n. (Co. :=(te); in with, in 93eglettmtg (gen., or Don with dat.). compare, fcevgleidjen, S. complain, ttagen, ftd) beflagen, (of, iiber, ace.). complete, adj., oollftdnbtg; v., (cf. 16, n. 2) be d, fertig toerben. compose, bitten ; (music) fompo nleten. composer, ft omponift', m. -en, -en. composition, ^ompofttion',/. -en. comprehend, bcgveifen, S. concerned about, bcforgt uber (ace.). conclude, fdjHefjen, S.; (determine) befdjliefeen. condemn, lu'vuvtriU-ii. condition, 3 u Pan^ m - -*> "f, be in , im fhnbe fein, irr. conduct, geteiten. conference, llntembung,/ -en. confession, eftanbnis, n. -e, -e. confide, an*t>ertrauen (to, dat.). confidence, SSertrauen, n. -8; put in, SBertranen in (ace.) fe^eu. confirm, beftatigen. confusedly, burd) einanber. congratulation, litrftnnnjd), m. -e8, K e. connoisseur, tenner, m. -8, . conquest, gvoberung,/. -en. conscience, ettnffen, n. -8. consciousness, @elbflgefiil)l, n. -8. consent, v., euunrilligen; ., @in* tt)ittigung,/. consequently, bafjer. consider, batten (S.) filr. constant, beftdnbig. constantly, beftanbig, tmmer. consternation, SBeftiirjnng,/. consultation, 53eratung,/. -en. consume, auf=gebren. content, begniigen. continual, anfyattenb. continue, tr., fovt=je^en; intr., fort* fabren, S. (but cf. also 67, n. 2). contrast, Contra ft', m. -8, -e; a great , ein getnaltigei 1 Sontrafl. contrive, erftnnen, S. control, refl., jtd) faffen. conversation, Unterbattung,/. -en, eforadj, . -8, -e. converse, fpredjen, S. convince, itberjengen. cook, fodjen; (bake) bacfeit, S. cool, fiibten. co-operation, aJJitwirfnng,/ io8 VOCABULARY. copy, (Sremplar', . -8, -e. corn, etreibe, n. -8; flora, . -e8, *er. corn-field, etreibefetb, n. -e8, -er, flornfetb. corps, orp8, . -8, -8 ; flying , @treifcorp. cost, foften. cottage, iitte, / -it. couch, Siubebett, . -8, -en, Eager, . -8. council, 9tat, >. -e8, "e. councillor, 9tat, w. -e8, "e. count, raf, m. -en, -en. count, redjnen (on, attf, ace.). countenance, cftd)t, . -e8, -er. country, i'anb, n. -e8, "er (or -e). courage, 2)htt, w. -e8. course, of , natiidid). court, of, w. -e8, "e; official, ber ofbeamte (adj. as noun) ; at , am (bet) ofe; to (the) , an ben of. courtier, ofntann, m. -8, //., of* leute (or ^manner). cover, bebedfcn; one's self up, jtd) coward, ^eigling, m. -8, -e. crack, fnadten, auf=fnacfen. crank, flurbel,/ -n. crawl, !ried)en, S., f. or ^. create (cf. 48, n. 62), ernennen, irr. creep, jdjleidjen, S., f.; (90, 1. 17), fid) oerfriedjen, S. cricket, riEe,/. -n. crier, 2lu8fd)reter, m. -8, . critical, fntijd). cross, get)en (S., 1) iiber (ace.); over (79, 1. 13), uber=fetjen. crossing, libel-gang, m. -8, "e (of, iiber, ace.). crow, fraljen. crowd, 3J?enge,/. -n; of people, 2Jicnfd)enmena.e. crown, $rone,/ -n. cruel, granfam. cruelty, (Svaufamfeit,/. -n. crumb, flvume, /. -n; bread , Skotfnime. crusade, Sreugjug, m. -8, "e. cry, ., 9?itf, m. -e8, -e; v., rufen, S., aus=ritfen; (weep) toetnen; out, au8=ntfen. cultivate, an=bauen. cultivation, Stnbau, m. -8; under complete , bet Dottem 2Inbau. custom, @itte,/ -n. cut, jdjtteiben, S.; (chop) hatfen, b,auen, S.; to pieces, (in @tiiden) jerb,arfen. dainty, i'ecferbtffen, m. -8, . dance, n., anj, m. -e8, ^e; v., tanjen. danger, efaljr, /. -en. dangerous, gcfaljrlid). Danube, 2)onau,/. dark, adj., bunfet, ftnfler; ., ^tnfter= itt8,/ dash on, fpveugen; to pieces, jer= fdjmettern. daughter, Sodjter,/ *. day, Sag, m. -e8, -e; after to- morrow, iibermorgen; before yesterday, Dorgeftern; all long, ben gangen Xag(^inburcb 7 ) ; by , bet ag; for s at a time, Sage lang. VOCABULARY. 109 dead, tot. deafness, Saubbeit,/. dear, lieb; my est (cf. 70, 1. 21), metn erj. death, ob, m. -eS, -e. debt, @d)ulb, / -en; for, ttjcgen feiner @d)ulben. decay, 33ertt>efung,/ December, ejembev, *. -, . decide, entjdjeiben, S. decisive, entfdjetbenb. declare, cvflfiren. deed, bat,/-en. defeat, ^ieberloge,/ -n. degree, tab, m. -e, -e. delay, intr., gaubern, go gent; tr., tievjogern. delighted, erf IT it t. deliver, befreien. demand, erforbern. deny, Berfagen. departure, Slbreife,/ dependent, abfyangig. describe, bejd)retbcn, S. description, SBefdjreibnng,/ -en. deserve, toerbienen. desire, n., SBunfd), m. -c$, ^e; (66, 1. 3) Suft, /. *e; v., rt)iinfd)e, be- geb,ren. destroy, gerftbrat. determine, befdjliegeu, S.; (93,1. 22) bcfttnimcn; upon, befdiUcfcen. devour, oitf=freffen, S. devr-drop, Sautropfen, m. -, . die, ftevbcn, S., f. different, werfdjieben. difficult, fdjtwer; (72, 1. 5, 88, 1. 15) fdjroterlg. difficulty, @d)>tjicrtgfett, /. -en; (96, 1. 10) 5Kitb,e,/ -n. direct, rcgieren. directly, bireft. dirty, unrein. disappear, t>erfd)tt>inben, S., f. discipline, ,3 u d)t//' disclose, entbecfen. discover, entbecten. disgrace, @d)anbe,/. -n. disgraceful, jdjimpftid). dish, djuffef, /. -n; es (collect- ively) efd)iiT, n. -g, -e. dismiss, ab=ttjeifen, S. dismount, ab'ftfcen, S., f. disorder, llnorbnung, /; fall into , in Unorbnnng geraten, S., f. dissatisfied, unjufrieben. distance, (Sntfernung, / -en; at some , in einiger ntfernung. distinctly, beutlid). distinguish, au=geid)nen. distress, djmerg, m. -e or -en, -en. disturb, ftbren. ditch, raben, m. -g, *. diversion, 3^'ftreunng,/. -en. divide, tcilen. do, tb,nn, S.; (of health) ftd) befinbcn, S.; (show) er^eigen; I can noth- ing with him, id) famt mit ihm nid)t oiufangen, S. doctor, 2)oftor, m. -8, -en. documental dust, -Jltteiifiaitb, . -. dollar, oUar, m.-9r, . domestic animal, .VMit^tirr, ;/. -9, -c. donkey, (Sjel, /.-,. door, ()iir(e), /.-n. double, bo^elt. doubtless, ohne 3>"eife(, bod). I1O VOCABULARY. down, ab, berab, l)inab; there, ba unten. draft, 2Bed)f.el, m. -g, (for, itber, ace.; or im Setrage on). draw, j$ieb,en, S. dread, ftcf) fitrctjten ttor (dat.). dreamy, trciumerifd). dress, fteiben, an=ltciben; refl., ftcf) an=jieben, S. drill, iib en. drink, v., trtnfen, S.; n., ranf, m. -eg, "e. drive, tretben, 6".; (a [in a] carriage, cf. 50, n. 21), fafyren, S., \.or^.* take a , tyajieren fahren, ang* fabren. drop, fatten laffen, S. drought, 3)iirre,/. drown, */r., er.tr.inf en, S., f.; be ed, ertrtnlen. dry, biirre, trocfen; up, au4rocf= nen. dub (cf. 48, n. 62), fdjtagen, ^". ducat, S)ucat(en), m. -8, -en. duchess, ^erjogin,/ -nen (of, toon). duke, ergog, z. -S, -e or *e (of, rjon). duly, ritfjtig. duration, 2)auer,/. during, njfi^renb (gen.). dust, @taub, w. -eg. dusty, ftaubig. duty, (service) ienft, m. -e$, -e. dwarf, 3 lx)ei "flf m - ~ e ^/ ~ e - dwell, ttiol)nen, (77, 1. 4) lebeit. dwelling, SBo^nung,/ -en. each, jeber; of us, jeber on un; other, einonber, ftc^. eagle, 5lbter, m. -g, . ear, Ofyr, n. -eg, -en. early, friib; in the morning, etc., cf. 30, n. 7. earn, uerbtcnen. earth, (Srbe, /. -n; on , anf ber (Srbe, anf grben. ease, etcf)ttgfeit, /.; ill at , it* easily, leid^t. east, Often, m. -0. easy, feicfyt. eat, effen, S.; (of animals) freffen S.; up, auf=freffen. edition, SluSgabe,/. -en. Edward, (Sbuarb. E ypt. 5i9t)pten, n. -g; land of , bag a'gt)ptifdf)e ?anb; lower , lln- teragt)pten. eight, ad)t. eighth, ad)t. eighteen, acfjtjebn. eighteenth, adfjtje^nt. eighty, adfjtjtg. Elbe, Gibe,/. elector, $urfiiift, m. -en, -en (of. uon). elevate, ertjeben, S. eleven, elf. eleventh, etft. else, \ onft; anything , fonft etroag. emotion, (Smpfinbung,/. -en. emperor, ^aifer, m. -g, . empire, 9teicf), n. -eg, -e. Ems, (mg,/ enclosure, etjege, n. -%, . end, enben. endurance, Slugbaner,/ endure, aug4)alten, S. enemy, geinb, m. -eg, -e. VOCABULARY. Ill English, englifd); the , bie Gng= lanber, m. pi. enjoy, ftd) erfreuen (gen.); (have, share in) geniefeen, S. enough, genug. enter, tr., treten (S., f.) in (ace.), ein* tretenin; intr., etn=treten; upon, aiutreten. entertain, beroirten. enthusiasm, SSegcifternng,/. entirely, ganj. [in, ace.}. entrance, Singang, m. -9, "e (to, entry, Ginjltg, m. -8, ^e; make his , fetnen Stnjng batten, S. envious, ttetbifd) (of, aiif, ace.). equal, gletd) (i/at.). equally, gleicf). escape, entgeljcn, S., f. (Jat.); (96, 1. 25) entfonnucn, S., \. escort, ., 23eviletter, "' -> '> (military) (Morte,/.-n; z>., geletten. especially, bcfonber. established, Ijergcbnidjt. estate, ut, n. -e, "er. esteem, v., fdja^en; (respect) ad)ten; estimate, jdja^en (at, cmf, ace.). etc., it. f. to. (unb fo Wetter). Europe, (Suvopa, n. -8. European, cuvopatjd). evacuate, rattmen. even, jetbft, fogar; (66, 1. 25) cinmal; ~ if, nienu . . . and). evening, ?tbenb, m.-, -e; this , Ijeute 'Jlbettb. event, (SveigniS, n. -ffc, -ffc; in any , Qttf ieben gall. ever, je; (always) immer. every, jebev; one, iebennann; evening, jeben 2lbenb, alle ?Ibeube. everybody, jebermanit, -8, etn jeber. everything, atle. exactly, gettatt. example, 23eiftriel, n. -S, -e; for , jum 93etfptel. exasperate, erbittern. excellent, tiorjitgltd), Dovtreff(id). exception, 2Iunab,nte, /. -n, (to, Don). exchange, toedjfeln. exercise, iibett. exertion, treben, n. -8; (91, 1. 24) Shtftrengitng,/ -en. exhaust, erfdjopfen. exist, eytftieren. expect, crttiorten. expedition, (Sypebttiott', /. -en. explain, erflaven. express, fiujjcru. extraordinary, aufjerorbeut(id). extremely, att^evft. eye, 2lnge, n. -8, -n. fable, gabet, /. -n. face, @efid)t, n. -8, -er. fairy, ^fee, / -n. faithful, treu. faithfully, tren. faithless, treulo8. faithlessness, Srettloftgfeit, /. fall, fallen, S., f.; back (yield), j)uriic&Ketd}en, S., f. family, ganti'ltc, /. -n ; letter, gamtfienbvtef, m. -6, -e. famous, beriiljntt. far, luett; (So, 1. 23) fern; by , bei SSeitem; as as, bis nad), bis gu. far-off, fern. 112 VOCABULARY farewell, le&e (lebet, etc.) ft>of)I, abteu ; bid , $!eberooh{ fagen (to, farm, of, m. -e8, -"e. fast, feft; (quick) fcb,nell. fasten together, tocrbinben, S. father, SBatcr, m. -, \ fatigue, grmiibung, /. ; (6r, 1. 16) trapaje, /. -n. fatherland, Skterlanb, n. -8. fatten, tnaften. fault, ftebler, m. -8, ; (43, 1. 5) cfjulb, / -en. favor, @unft,/ favorable, gitnfttg. favorite, Siebling, m. -8, -e; oc- cupation, iebling8befcf)aftigung, / -en. fear, n., gnrcijt, /. ; v., fitrdjten; for , au8 gnrdjt; with , &or fearfully, fnrd)tbar. feast, @d)mcw8, m. -e8, "e, 3Jiab,(= gelt, /. -en. feature, 3ug, m. -e, ^e. February, gebruar', m. -8, -e. feel, fiifjlen; (cf. 68, n. 11) I , ntiv ijl (wirb) ju 2Rute. fellow, the little , ber $feine {adj. as noun). festal, feftUd). festivity, eftltd)feit, /. -en; (61, 1. 19) geft, . -e, -e. few, wenige; a , einige. field, getb, n. -e8, -er; (cultivated) ader, m. -, -. fifteen, funfjeb,n. fifteenth, fiinfeeljnt fifth, funft. fifty, funfjig. fight, n. ^ampf, m. -e, -"e; ., fampfen, fec^ten, S. fill, fiitten. finally, enbttdj. find, finben, S. fine, jt^on. fire, geuer, n. -, ; by the , neben bent geuer. first, adj., evft; a^z/., guerft, erfi; at , juerft, onfang. fit, paffen (a'a/.) ; be for, taugen git. fitted, gefcfjicft. five, fi'tnf. flame, flammen. flattering, jdjmeicfielfyaft. flee, fUeben, S., f. flesh, ftleijd), n. -eg, -e. flight, gtadjt, /. -en. flint, generftein, m. -%, -e. float, jd)tt>itnmen, S., f. eiter, ferner. fury, SBut, / future, n., ^ufiinft, /. ; adj , fiinftig. gain, erringen, S. gallows, otgen, ;.-,; to the , gum o(gen. garden, orten, m. -S, \ garment, etooub, n. -e, *er or -e. gate, bor, n. -e, -e. gather, fommeln. Gaul, ollteu, n. -8 ; (inhab.) al' Her, m. -$, . general, n., enerot', m. -, -e ; adj., ollgemein. 114 VOCABULARY. generally, geftofjnlid). gentleman, err, m. -n, -en. gently, getnadjUd). George, eorg. German, beutfd); the , ber CUtfdje (adj. as noun) ; ocean, ftorbjee, / Germany, 2)eutfd)tanb, n. -8. Gertrude, ertrub. get, befommen, S.; (with dependent verb) Idffen, S. (with act. inf.) ; (become) tterben, irr.; (go and ) holen; (34, 1. 19) fommen, S., f. ; away, entfttehen, S., f. ; in (into), ein=fteigen, S., f. (in, ace.) - out of (bed), cmHteben (S., f.) CW8 (Won) ; out of (carriage), au8=fteigen; to (reach), erreidjen; up, auf'fteben; where did you , ttohev baft bn gift, efd)enf, n. -8, -e, abe, /. -n. girl, SDWbdjen, n. -8, . give, geben, S.; (hand, etc.) reidjen (dat.fers.); way, ttetdjen, S., f. giver, eber, m. -8, . glad, fvoh; be , ftd) freiten (of, iibev, acc.}\ I am to see him, id) fehe iljn gevn. gladly, gcrn. glance, S3Udf, m. -e, -e. glass, @(a8, n. -e, "ev. glisten, gldnjen. glitter, gtanjen. gloomy, finfter. glorious, riibmtid). glossary, toffar', n. -8, -e. glow, $6te,/ go, geben, S., j.; (in a conveyance) fafyren, S., \.orf).; (travel) reifen, I or i; (cf. 79, n. i) Steven, S., f.; on before, tooran=geben (dat); be gone (cf. 46, n. 35) fort (or fort= gegangen) fcin. goal, gid, n. -8, -e. god, ott, m. -e, ^er; God, ott. gold, olb, n. -e; chest, otb- fifte, /-n; piece, olbftiid, n. -8, -e. goldsmith, otbfdjmteb, m. -8, -e. good, gut; bye, see bye. good-natured, guttniitig. gorge, @d)tud)t,/. -en. government, 9tegterung,/. -en. governor, @tatth,alter, m. -, . graceful, giertid). graciously, gnabig. gradually, aUmtihlid). [ arten. grain, etreibe, n. -8, (kinds of) grammar, ramtna'tif,/. -en. grand, grofe; (splendid) prcidjtig. grandma, ro^miitterdjen, n. -8, . grandmother, roftmutter,/. iL . grape, 2ranbe,/. -n. grape-vine, SBeinftod, m. -8, ^e. grass. va8, n. -e8, ^ev. grateful, bcmtbar. gratitude, anfbarleit,/ grave, rab, n. -e8, ^er. gray of the morning, Xage8granen, n. -8. great, grofe (comp., grbfeer, super., greatly, feb,r. Greece, riedjentanb, n. -8. Greek, n., @ried)e, m. -n, -n; adj., griedn'fd). green, griin. greet, griigen. greeting, ritfj, m. -e8, ^e (to, an, ace.). VOCABULARY. grief, Rummer, m. -. [marten. grind, tnablen, W.; (p.p. also ge* grotto, rotte,/. -n. ground, 33oben, m. -, *. grow, toadjjen, S., f.; (become) roer* ben, irr. gruffly, ratify, guest, aft, m. -eg, *e. guide, SBegroeifer, m. -, . gulden, nJben, m. -8, . H half, adj., tjalb; n., cilfte, / -H; a mile, eine balbe UReile; - naked, balbnarft. hall, aal, m. -e,//., @a(e. ham, @d)infen, m. -8, . hand, anb,/. *e; by the , bet ber >anb; give the , bie anb rei= d)en (dat.pers.). hand-baggage, anbgepocf, n. -. hand mill, anbmiihle,/ -n. handsome, id) on. hang, intr., hangen, S.; tr., hangnt. happen, gejd)eb,en, S., f. (only used in third pers,); (befall) begegneit, f. (dat.). happily, gliicfli^. happiness, (itcf, n. -e$. happy, gliicflicb,. hard, (difficult) fdjroer. hard-won, jdjioer gewonnen. hardly, (scarcely) faitm. hare, afe, m. -n, -tt. harm, @d)abett, m. -S, *; do , fdjaben; do (no) to any one, etnem (nid)t) cttt)a jit ?etb tb,uit, S. harmony, ^armonie',/. -en. harvest, Smte,/. -n. haste, dft,/ hastily, baftig, eiltg. hat, itt, /. -e, *e. hatred, ag, w. -e (for, gegen). haughty, ftolj. have, Ijaben, irr.; (cf. 49, n. n) be* fommen, 6 1 .; (with inf. or part.) laffen, S. (with act. inf.); to, tniiffen, irr. he, er; who, bet (or berjemge), ttjeldjev (or ber). head, (generally) $opf, m. -e, *t f (in dignified style, as 90, 1. 17) n. -e6, ^er; (of troops, etc.) iije,/ -n; at the , an ber (bie) head-forester, Oberforfter, m.-, . heap, aufe(n), m. -, -n; of stones, teinbaufen. hear, horen; (cf. 27, n. 2) erfabren, S., erneb,men, 5". heart, erj, n. -en, -en. hearth, erb, m. -eS, -e. hearty, berjlid). heat, ilje,/.; of summer, @om= merbi^e. heaven, immel, m. -, . heavenly, bintmlifd). heavy, jd)er. heed, adjten; pay (no) to, (nid)t) adjten attf (ace.). height, obe,/. -n; (hill) 3lnbob,e. heir, (Srbe, m. -n, -n. helmet, elm, m. -e, -e. help, v., belfen, S. (dat.); n., ilfe,/ helpless, bilfloS. her, pass., ibr. here, bier; (hither) Ijierber; (after noun), fyteftg (adj.); the climate , bad bieftge VOCABULARY. Herodotus, Ajjcvobot'. herself, (fte) felbft; reft., fid) (felbft). hesitate, fdjWanfen. Hessian, effe, m. -n, -n. hew, fjauen, S. hide, aut/. *e., hide, tterbergen, *y. hideous, entfefcUd). high, b,od), aJ attrib. Ijof) (comp. fabler, rw/ $;reube, /. -n; with , Dor ^veube. July, 3uli, m. -8. jump, tyring en, S., \. or h. just, geredjt; adv., gerabe; (34, 1. 23) htr$; as (71, 1. n), ebenfo; - (now), (fo)eben. K keep, batten, S. ; (remain) bleiben, S., f.; from, benjafyren t>or (dat.) ; (on) (cf. 38, n. 52), fort=fab,ren, M. key, d^luffet, m. -8, . km, toten; (butcher) fd)Iau^ten. kind, frennblid), giitig, (to, gegen). kind-hearted, gnthevgig. kindly, freunblicf). kindness, @iite, f. king, $ontg, m. -8, -e, (of, Don.) kingdom, 9tetd), n. -e, -e, ^bnig= reidj; of heaven, tmme(reid). kiss, n., jhtfj, w/.-ffcS^ffe; v., fitffen. knife, aKeffev, n. -, . knight, 9tttter, m. -, . knock, ffopfen (at, an, ace.). knovr, ttuffen, irr. ; (be acquainted with) fennen, irr. Kyffhauserberg, labor, Arbeit,/, -en. lack, Mangel, m. -, " (of, an, dat.). lady, 5)ame,/-n. lake, @ee, m. -, -it. land, n., ?anb, . -e, *er or -e; z/., lanben, intr., \. landowner, utSbeft^er, m. -9, . language, pracije,/. -n. large, grofe. last, le^t; at , enblid), jute^t. last, bauern. latch, aitnle,/ -n. late, jpa't; in the evening, cf. 30, n. 7 ; of , in letter 3eU. Latin, lateinifd). latter, the , btejer, ber lefctere. laugh, v., ladjen; n., ela'd)ter, n. -, . law, (SefetJ, n. -e, -e. lay, leg en; down, nieber=Iegen. lead, fitbren. leader, ^ub,rer, m. -8, . leaf, 33tatt, n. -e8, *er. league, 3Keile,/ -n. learn, lernen; (cf. 27, n. 2), erfafyren, S.; of, erfab,ren. least, at , luenigftenS. leave, v., tr., Kerlaffen, S.; (to heirs) binterlaffen ; (give over to (uber= laffen; intr., ab=geb,en, S., \., ab= reijen, f.; (a company) ftd) empfeb,- Jen, S.; n., (departure) 2lbfd)ieb, m. -8, -e. left, nl. VOCABULARY. 119 leg. Setit, n. -e, -c. legation, legation,/ -en. legend, @age,/. -n. legion, Region',/, -en. lend, teihen, S. less, nmiiger. lessen, intr., ftd) werminbern. lest, bag ... nidjt. let, laffen, S. letter, 23rief, *w.-e,-e; of credit, $rebit'[d)ein,;w.-,-e; of friend- ship, freunbfd)aftlid)er 23rief. liberty, greihett,/. -en. lie, ticgen, S., f. or\).\ down, ftd) (nieber=)legen. life, ?eben, n. -8, ; his long, jeit(eben, join Sfeben tang. lift, heben, S.; up, auf-heben. light, n., ?id)t, n. -c8, -er; adj., l)ell. light-armed, leid)t bcltwffnet. like, adj., gfeid) (dat.); adv., uric. like, gevn (or Ueb) baben, irr. ; gent effen, 6". (freffen, S.) ; I should , id) mod)tc gern; he liked best to place, cr ftellte am tiebften. lilac-tree, .'poUnubevbaunt, m. -, ^e. lily-of-the-valley, 2JJaibIumc,/ -n. line, ?i'ute, /. - n. lion, ?bn)e, m. -n, -n. list price, abenprei, m. -c?, -e (= shop price). listen (to), gu=boren (dat.), horo^en (dat. pers., or ailf, ace.). literary, Utterarijcf). literature, Sitterotur', /. -en. little, adj , flein; adv., ftenig; a, ein roemg. live, tebeu; (dwell) toohucn. liveliness, ?ebbaftigfeit, / lively, lebbaft. Lizzie, Vif^cfjnt. load, laben, S.; (48, 1. 8) belaben. lock, Derfdjttefien, ^". lonely, einfam. long, adj., Jang (comp. longer, super. la'ngfl) ; adv., lange ; ago, or ^eiten; since, fdjon Inngft; so as, jo lange ; all day , ben gangen Sag (f)inburci)) ; no er, nidjt meb,r; a week er, nod) cine 2Bod)e. look, feben, S.; (appear) au8=jeb,en; at, an^eheit; around (about), fid) um*jehen; for.fudjen; for- ward to, erroorten; upon, an* fehen. loose, to?. lord, >err, m. -n, -en; (title) ?orb, m. -8, -8; the Lord, ber err. Lorraine, ?otf)ringen, n. -?. lose, DerUeren, S. ; get lost ( one's way), ftd) wevlaufen, S. loud, laut; out , laut. Louis, i'nbtmg. lounge, faitleujen. love, n., Siebe, /; v., Heben; fall in (with), ftd) tievUebeu (in, ace.). loving, (in letters, cf. 57, n. 5) Hebenb. lovely, licblid). Low-German, ntebevbeutfd). lovrer Egypt, Untevtifltypten, n. -9. luck, Iiirf, n. -c ; good , Iud. luckily, gum lucte, gtildUdjerroetfe. lucky, g(udlid). lump, ^(umpen, m. -S, . luxury, i' 120 VOCABULARY. M M., contr., 2ftarf,/ -en (cf. 64, n. 10). mad, roiitenb, toll. magic, Dauber, m.-%; boot, 3cm= berftiefel, m. -8, ; word, 3cm berroort, n. -8, *er or -e. magnificent, Ijrrdid). mail, 'Mt,/ -en; by ,mit ber^oft. majesty, aftajeftat',/ -en. make, niadjeu (cf. 48, n. 62) ; (bid) fyeifjen, S. ; (cause) laffen, 6".; inquiry, treaty, etc., see inquiry, treaty, etc. man, 3Jtann, m. -e8, *er; of the world, SBeltmann. mantle, SUiontcI, m. -8, *. many, uiele; a, mandjer. March, 3Karj, m. -e8, -e. march, ., 2Jiarfd), *. -e8, -"e; z., ntarfdjteven. mark, 3 e ^ elt ' n - ~ s / marquis, raf, m. -en, --en (of, toon). marry, Ijeiroten; be married, fid) toerfyeiraten, fid) ermah,Ien. Martin, 2Rarttn; St. 's day, 2Kar= tinStag, m. -8; St. 's summer, 2ftartin8fommer, m. -8. Mary, SWarie',/. -i'eit8. mason, SDJaurer, m. -8, . masquerade, 2Jte8ferabe, /. -n. mass, oilfe(n), m. -8, . master, crr, w. -n, -en. matter, @adje, /. -n. May, 2Jtat, w. -e8, -e ffmutg, /. -en. move, beriihren; on, tteiter=get)en, &,!. movr, ab-md^cn. Mr., err, m. -n. Mrs., ^ran, /. much, adj., Diet; adv., jehr; very , adv., fefjr toiel. multitude, 3D?enge, / -n. Munich, 2Mud)en, n. -8. murder, n., 2Jiorb, m. -8, -e; v., er morben. murderer, SUtbrber, m. -8, . music, 3Huft!', /. music-store, 2Ruftf^anblung,/. -en. musket, S'i n t c ; / ~ n t shot, ^tintcnid)u, m. -e8, "e. must, muffen, irr. my, nietn. myself, (id)) felbfi; refl., dat., mtr (felbfl), ace., mid) (jelbft). N naked, narf't. name, 9 f ?ame(u), m. -n8, -n. named, 9?amen8 (cf. 49, n. 2), ge= nannt. narrow^, eng. native, ber (Singeborne (adj. as noun). nature, 9tatur.', /. -en. near, nabe; (89, 1. 24) nabe bet; by (71, 1. ii ), boneben. nearly, faft. necessarily, notmenbig. necessary, nbtig; if , wo n'dtig. neck, al8, m. -e8, ^e. need, braiidjen, bebitrfen, irr. (gen.); have of, notig b,aben. negotiate, tierfyanbeln. neighborhood, 9?db,e, /. neither . . . nor, tt)eber . . . nod). nephew, 9?effe, m. -n, -n. nest, 9tefl, n. -e8, -er. never, nie, ntemal8. nevertheless, bennod), bod). new, ueu. news, Wadjridjt, /. -en. next, ndd)fl; in time phrases often, anbcr. nice, Ijiibfd); (70, 1. 1) nett. nicely, hiibjd). Niederwald, v j}ieberroalb, m. -%. night, 9?ad)t,/ "e; air, Wadjtluft, 122 VOCABULARY. /. *e; 's rest, 97ad)truhe, /.; one , in einer 9?ad)t; on the , in ber ftad)t. night-cap, d)tafmiij3e, /. -n. nightshade, otlfirfd)e, / -n. Nile, 9W, m. -. nine, neun. ninety, neunjig. ninth, neunt. no, adj., fein; adv., nein; one, f einer, niemanb, -S; longer, nicht mefjr; no ... at all, gar fein. nobody, niemanb, -8, !einer. nobility, 2lbet, m. -. noble, ofbeamte. often, oft. ogre, 2JJenfd)enfreffer, m. -8, , Oger, m. -8, ogress, 2Jienfd)enfrefferin, / -nen, Ogreffe,/. -n. old, alt (comp., alter, super., a'(tefl). omnipotence, Mmadjt,/. VOCABULARY. 123 on, prep., an (dat, or ace.} ', (upon) aitf (dat. or ace.} ; adv., tueiter, fort. once, einmaf, einft; more, nod) einmat, toieber; at , jog(eid); there was , e roar einmaf. one, ein; pron., einer; indef., man; - of, einer (gen. or r>on); 's, fein; 'sown,ber etgene; 's self, fid); any , irgenb einer; every -, jebermann, -; no , nientanb, -8; some , Jentanb, -S; the , ber cine. only, adj., einjig; adv., nur. open, offen; (field, etc.) frei; v., tr., offnen, auf=mad)en; */r.,ftd) bffnen; in the air, im greien. openly, offen. opinion, SKeinung, '/. -en (of, toon). opportunity, elegenheit, /. -en. or, ober. orange, Orange,/ -n, 2fyfelftne,/-n. oratorio, Orato'rium, n. -, -rien. order, v., befeblen, S. (dat.) ; (pur- chases) beftetten; n., 23efebf, m. -, -e; 93eftellung, /-en; Drbnung,/ -en; in that, bamit; in to, um . . . ju. organ, Crgel, / -n; - - playing, Orgelfpiel, n. -8. ornament, @d)tnucf , m. -e, -e. orphan, 2Bai)"e,/ -n; m., -n, -n. other, anDer; each , einanber, ftd). otherwise, anberS; (77, 1. 21) fonft. ought, fatten, irr. our, unfer. [(felbft). ourselves, (ttiir) felbft; refl., un out, cuts, f)inau$, b,erau; at, 311 \dat.) . . . t)inau; of, au (dat.) ; - from behind, fainter (dat.)... l)ertor; there, ba braufjen. out-doors, braugen; b,inau. outside, Bor (dat. or ace.). over, prep., fiber (dat. or ace.); adv., btniiber; yonder, ba briiben. overcome, itberttwltigen, itberroin^ ben, S. overflow, iiberjd)tt)emmung, / -en. overjoyed, entgiicft (at, iiber, ate.). overwhelm, iiberttJdltigen. own, v., beft^en, S. ; adj., etgen ; one's , ber eigene. owner, (Sigentiinter, m. -, . package, ^adet', n. -, -e. painful, fdjmerjlidj. painfully, fdjmerjtid). pair, ^aar, n. -e, -e. palace, ^atojV, m. -, *e. palm-tree, ^almbaum, m. -, *e. paper, papier 7 , n. -%, -e. parental house, SSaterbauS, n. -e8, "er. parents, Sltem, //. park, ^arf, m. -e, -e. parlor, @alon', m. -, -S. parsley, ^Seterft'Ue, / part, Seil, m. -e, -e; take in, tetUnehtnen (S.) an (dot.). partake of, tetl = nehmen (S.) an (dat.) ; (food) geniefjcn, s. parting, 2lbfd)ieb, m. -S, -e. party, ^artet 7 , / -en; royal , @e* fotge, n. -8, . pass, intr., reifen, f., gehen, S., f., fommen, S., f. ; (time) Bergehen, werfttefjen, S., f.; away, uergetjen; by, orbei=gefaen; over (85, 1. 23), iibrvgehen. 124 VOCABULARY. passage, >itrd)gang, m. -8,*e; (go- ing over) Ubergaiig, m. -8, *e. past, adj., toergangen; (18, 1. i) Dor= iiber; ., SSergangentjeit, /. path, ^fab, m, -e8, -e, SSeg, m. -e8, -e. pathless, uiuucgfam. patient, patient', m. -en, -en. patiently, gebulbig. peace, SRuhe, /.; keep the , SRuhe balten, S. peasant, SBauer, m, -8, -n. pebble, $iefetftein, m. -8, -e. peep of day, SageSanbrud), w. -8. penny, pfennig, /. -8, -e. people, Seute, //., 2)fenfd)en, pi.; (nation) SSolf, n. -e8, *er. per cent, $ro$ent, z. -8, -e. perfectly, fcollfommen. perform, madjen, Derridjten. perhaps, totelleidjt. perish, iim=fommen, S., f. permission, @rloubni, / permit, evlcmben (dat.pers.). person, ^erfon',/. -en; ?eitte,//. personal, perfonlid). pest, ^Jeft, / -en. Pharaoh, ^pfyarao, //., s ^fa,araonen. photograph, ^fyotograpfjie', /. -en. piano, Plainer, n. -8, -e. pick, pfliirfcn. picture, 53tlb, n. -e8, -er. piece, @tii(f, n. -e8, -e ; to s, see cut, tear, etc. pine, ., giidjte, / -n; adj., fid)ten. pistol, ^Jiftote, /. -n. pitch (tent, etc.), oitf^djlagen, S. pity, bebauern. place, ., ^Ia^, w.-eS^e; (locality) Ort, /. -e8, -c or^tt; v., fteflen; (lay) legen; (set) fefcen; take , ftotNfiitben, S. plain, (Sbene, /-n. plan, ^Ston, m. -e, -e ^r"e; lay a , einen ^JJlan entroerfen, S. play, fpielen; through, git (gnbe fpielen. player, pieler, w. -8, . pleasant, angenehtn. pleasant-looking, freunblid). pleasantly, (cf. 27, 1. 10) freunblid). please, gef alien, S. (dat.) ; (cf. 63, n. 3), bttte; be d (at, with), fid) freuen (liber, ace.) ; when he s, njenn e8 ibm geffiUt. pleasure, SJergnugen, .-8, greube, /. -n; give , greube madjen; take in, gveube baben an (dat.). plebeian, plcbeifd). pliant, gefdjmeibig. pluck, pfliicten. plump, fett. pocket, afd)e, / -n. poem, ebid)t, n. -8, -e. poet, Xid)ter, m. -8, . point, ., ^Junlt, m. -e8, -e ; (end) pifce, / -n ; v., beuten (to, auf, ace.) ; northern , 9?orbtyie,/.-n; be on the of, im Segriffe fein, irr., eben ttjollen, irr. poisonous, giftig. Poland, s ^olen, n. -8. Pole, ^5ote, m. -n, -n. Polish, polnifd). politely, bbflid). politics, ^olitif, /. [artnfL poor, arm (comp., firmer, super., poplar, ^Jappel, / -n; leaf, $ap pelblatt, n. -8, 'er. pork, djroeineffeifdj, n. -e. VOCABULARY. 125 position, (SteUung,/. -en; (82, 1.3) tefle, /. -n. possession, take of, in 33eft^5 nebmen, S.; (military) befefeen. possible, mbglid). postage, $orto, . -8, . poverty, Strmut, /. power, 2ftod)t, /. ^e. powerful, mcidjtig, genmtttg. pray, beten. prefer, or=gieben, S. preparation, SBorbereitung, /. -en ; make s, SBorberettungen treffen,S. prepare, or=beretten. presence, in the of, Dor (dat.). present, antwefenb, jugegen (only in pred.) ; (96, 1. 20) fyeutig ; for the , tiodaufig; up to the , fci8je^t; present, efdjent, . -8, -e. press, brMen. pressing, (urgent) brtngenb. presupposition, 5Borau8fefeitng, / -en; on the , in ber 3Sorau8je^ung. pretext, 33orrodnb, m. -8, *e; on the , itnter bent 5Borrcanb. pretty, biibjd). prevail, berrfdjen; (93, 1. 15) ttor= berrfdjen; (81, 1. 13) buvd)=bvtngen, prevent, tterbinbern. [S., f. previous, toorbergebenb. price, ^5rci8, m. -e8, -e. prince, ^Srtnj, m. -en, -en ; (90, 1. 26, Sel. 42) giirft, /w.-en,-en (of.tjon). princess, s ^ringefftn, /. -nen. prison, efcingni8, . -ffe8, -ffe. prisoner, ber efangene (part, as noun). privy, geb,etnt; -- councillor, e= betmrat, m. -8, "e ; councillor of legation, @ebeimer ?egation8rat. probably, ruabrf^einlic^, roohl. procure, aiufdjaffen. product, ^vitd)t, /. *e. professor, ^rofef'for, m. -S, //., -o'ren. progress, gortfd^ritt, m. -, -e. promise, ^..berfpred^en, S.; ., 93er- fpvedjen, n. -. property, liter, n. pi. proprietor, (Sigentumer., m. -, . prosperity, ilBoblflanb, m. -. prostrate, nteber=rt)ei - fen, S. protect, fcbiiljen, jcfjtrmen, (from, gegen.) protection, @d)u, m. -e. provide, forgen (for, ftir). provisions, SebenSmtttel, n.pl. prudence, a>orftc^t, /. pull, jieljen, S.; off, ob=jieb,en. Punic, punifd). purpose, 2(bftd)t, /. -en; (83, 1. i) 3Sorb,oben, n. -8; with the , in ber 2tb|id)t. pursue, toerfolgen; (71, 1. i) nad)= jagen,f. (dat.). puss, (Sel. 23) $ater, m. -8, . puss-in-boots, ber gefttefette jfater, m. -8. put, ftellen : (lay) legen ; (into a sack, etc.) ftecfen ; off, erfd)ieben, S.; on, (clothing) an=jteben, S., (hat, etc.) ouHe^en; up, (at a hotel), ob=fkigen, S., f. (at, in). quarrel, janfen. quarter, SBtertfl, n. -8, ; s, Ouortter', n. -8, -e ; of an hour, $tertelftimbe, /. -n. 126 VOCABULARY. question, 5 rci S c ; / ~ n ? grageit ftetlen. quickly, raft!), fdjnett. quiet, ruljtg, [till. quite, ganj. quiver, $od)er, m. -8, . rabbit, $antnd)en, . -8, . rabbit-burrow, $anind)enb,ugel, /. -*, rabid, niiitenb. race, SSettlauf, /. -8, *e. rage, mitten, toben. rain, SRegen, m. -8, . rain-storm, SRegenfturm, m. -?,^e. rainy day, SRegentag, m. -8, -e ; season, SRegenjeit,/. -en. rank, 9tang, /. -e8, *e. rap, flop fen an (ace.}. rarely, fetten. rat, gtotte, /. -n. rather, Heber. raven, 5Rabe, m. -n, -n. raw, raul). reach, erreti^en. read, lefen, S. (of, toon) ; aloud, bor=lefen (dat. j>ers.). ready, bereit. real, mab,r. really, unrflid) ; (67,1. i) eigentltd). reap, ft^netben, S. reaper, @(!)nitter, /. -8, . receipt, Sntpfcntg, m. -8. receive, erfyalten, S., empfangen, S.; (guests) emjjfaitgen. recite, I)er=fagen. recognize, eifennen, irr. reconnaissance, 9iecogno8cierung, yi-en; on a , cmf 9tecogno3cievung. recouquest, 2Bicbererobevung,/.-en. recover, intr., fti^ er^olen (from, toon). recruit, Slefnit', /. -en, -en. red, rot. [-. Red Riding-hood, 9Jotfapd)en, ;/ refer, fid) begieljen, S. (to, auf, ace.}. refresh, erquidtcn. refuse, ab^fdjlogen,^.; (96, 1. 13) ber fagen. regard, betradjten. regiment, Stegiment', . -8, er. region, egenb, f. -en. regret, bebauevn. regularly, regelmci^ig. rejoice, fid) fveuen. relative, ber 33ertoanbte (part, as noun}. relax, erfdjlaffen. remain, bletben, S., f.; (in letters) (toer)btetben. remainder, 9teft, m. -e8, -e. remark, bemerfen. remember, gebenfen, irr. (gen., or an, ace.} ; to, empfetjten (S.) an (ace.). remind, ertnnern an (ace.}. removal, 2tufb,ebung, / remove, entfevnen ; (84, 1. 22} tjeben, S. rend, gerveiften, S. renew, erneuern. repair, au8>beffent. repeat, n.neberb,olen. repel, guvucf^Deifen, S. reply, n., 2tnttt)ort, /. -en; v., er= Wtebevn, antroorten. representation, avftellung,/. -en. VOCABULARY. 127 request, ., SBitte, /. -it; v., bitten, S. (einen um etroaS). rescue, vetten. residence, 2Bot)njtt3, /. -e8, -e. resistance, SBibevftanb, m. -S ; offer , SBiberftanb leiften. resolution, ntjdjiufe, m. -ffe8, "ffe; make a , einen Sntfdjlujj faffen. resound, erfdjallen, S., \. respect, v., etjren; ., SBevebnmg,/; (87, 1. 3) inftd)t,/. -en; pay one's s, feine Sdtftoartung mad)en (dat.). respectfully (in letters, cf. 59, n. 20, 63, n. 6). rest, ., 9?ub,e, /. ; z/., raften, an3= vuben; night's , 9{ad)tmbe. rest (remainder), 9teft, m. -e, -e ; the , ba8 ilbrige, ba8 Slnbere, bie Ubvigen; the of, bie iibrigen. retirement, @ttEe, f. retreat, ftci) juviicf=gieb,en, S. return, v., jnriidf=geben, S.; (come back) juriirf'fe^ven, f.; ., 9iiicf Eoh,r, / -en. revenge, Siac^e, /. reverend, efjrroiirbig ; Rev. Mr., err ^Paf'tor, (m. -%,pl. to'ren. reward, beloljnen. Rhine, SRIjetn, ;. -. rich, reid). richly, veidjUc^. ride, veiten, S., f. 0r h,. ; (in a con- veyance) faljven, S., f. 0r ^. ; - after, nad)=reiten (dat.). rifle, S3iid)fe, /. -n. right, adj., ved)t; ., 9ted)t, .-e,-e; be (adj.), red)t (noun) h,aben. rip open, aitf=fd)tteiben, ^". ripe, retf. rise, ftetgen, S., f. f>- h.; (person) aitffteb,en, ^., f. ; (sun) cmf>gehen, J.,f. risk, ID a gen. river, ftlufj, /. -ffe, *ffe. road, @tvae,/-n, SSeg, t.-e8,-e; make s, SBege babnen. roadside, by the , am SBege. roar, briillen. robin-redbreast, 9totfeb,td)en, .-8, . rock, 55et8, m. -en, -en. Roman, ., joiner, m. -, ; adj., romifd). Rome, 9tom, . -8. roof, ad), . -e, *er. room, 3i m mer, . -, . rough, rant). row-boat, SRubevboot, n. -8, -e. royal, lonigUd). ruby, Stitbtn', ;. -6, -e. ruffian, 9taubev, ;w. -8, . ruin, SJitine,/ -n; s of the castle, S3urgruinen. .rule, 9teget, /. -n ; as a , in ber SReget. run, lauf en, S., \. or\; on before, oran4aufen (dat.) ; up, b,eror lanfen. running of the ice, (SiSgang, w.-8. rural, Idnbttd). rush, SBinfe, / -n; chair, 2Hnfen= ftnbl, m. -, ^e. rush, ttieg=fpi - ingen, S., f. Russian, vuiftirt). rustling, @ejd)tt)ivr, n. -e. sack, sacred, beiltg. sacrifice, opfern. 128 VOCABULARY. aad, tranrig (over, fiber, ace.}, safe, ftdjer. safety, @id)erhett, /; in (84, 1. 24), glMUd). sage, ber SBeije (adj. as noun). Saguntum, agunt', . -9. sail, ., @eget, . -?, ; v. intr., fegetn, f. or h. salary, chalt, /. -, -e. salt, n., @atg, . -eS, -e; ^'., falgtg. same, felb ; the , bei'jelbe ; at the time, git gleidjer 3ett, gngleid). sapphire, @apb,u -/ , m. -$, -e. Saracen, arncene, ;//. -u, -it. satisfactory, befriebigenb, geuiigeub. satisfied, gufrieben. Saturday, omtabenb, ;. -, -e. sauerkraut, auerfraut, n. -. save, ^., retten; prep., ot. saviour, better, /. -8, . say, fag en. scarcely, faitm ; scarcely . . . when, faiint . . . fo (or ol). scene, @cene, / -it ; at this , bei biefer @cene. school-children, djuljugenb, /. scream, fc^veten, S. sea, SJieev, n. -e, -e; at , tut SJJeeve ; by the , am SJJceve. search (for), judjeit. season, 3dt,/-en; 3abvejett; rainy , Siegeitjett. seat, je^en; be ed, fi^eii, S.; take a , S 4>lat3 nebmen, S. second, gtueit. second-hand, atttiquarifd). see, feheit, S. (by, on, dat.). seek (for), fud)en. seem, fdjeineit, S. seize, evgveifen, S. sell, toevfaufen. senate, enat', m. -9, -e. senator, ena'tov, m. -en, -tor'en. send, jenben, irr., fdjicfcit. separate, tr., tvenneit; intr., fid) tvennen. September, eptembev, m. -, . serious, ernft. servant, iener, m. -, . serve, bieiten (dat.). servitude, $ned)tfd)aft, /. set, je^en ; (with jewels) befe^en ; up, aufsvidjten ; out, ab=gchen, S., j., ab-retfen, f. ; ab'gieben, S., f., (for, nad).) settled, ftdjev. seven, fteben. seven-league boot, iebenmetten* fttefel, m. -?, . seventeen, ftcbjebn. seventeenth, ftebgehnt. seventh, ftebent. seventy, [tebjtg. several, tnehreve. severe, ftreitg. shado-w, @d)dtten, m. -g, . shake, tr,, fdjittteln; intr., jittern (with, tiov). shall, follen, irr.; (future) luerbeu, irr. share, teiten. she, fte. shelter, ^erberge, /. -n. shepherd, @d)(ifcv, m. -, . shield, d)itb, m. -e, -e. shine, fdjetnen, S. ship, @d)tff, n. -e8, -e; take , ftc^ ein=fd)iffen. shoe, cfjul), m, -eS, -e. shoot, fd)iefjen, S. VOCABULARY. 129 shore, lifer, . -8, ; the other , ba8 jenjeitige (aubere) lifer. short, f ui'v shortly, Iitrg; before, tuq gutter. shot, @d)iif5, m. -fje8, "ffe. shoulder, @d)ittter, /. -it. show, jeigett; (kindness, etc.) er= jetgeit. shower, djaiier, m. -8, . shrewd, Hug. shutter, Sabett, m. -9, or *. shyly, fd)iid)tent. Sicily, iji'Ucu, . -8. sickness, $rcntfl)eit, /. -en. side, cite,/. -it; by his , tbm jjur @eite, neben ifynt; by the of, an (dat.), ncben (dat.) ; on the other (river, etc.), jcnjeit8 (gen.). sight, Stnblicf, m. -?, -e; catch of, erbltcfen; go (be) out of , tterjd)tt>inben, S., j. silent, jrf)UHMf|]iim. silver, ilber, n. -%. similar, fibnlid) (dat.). simple, einfad). since, prep., felt (dat.)\ conj.,\t\t* bent; (inasmuch as) bn; adv., feit= bent; then, jettbem; long , jdjon Icingjl. sincerely, aufrid)ttg; yours , 3br aufrid)tigrr. sing, fmgrn, S. single, einjtg. singly, einjettt. sink, intr., finfctt, S., \. sir, cvr, m. -n, -en. sister, @d)rtieftev, /. -it. sit, ft^en, S. ; down, ftd) (niebcr=) je^cit. sitting, (meeting) Hjltng, / -Clt. six, jed). sixteen, fed)jebtt. sixteenth, jedjgebnt. sixty, jed)gtg. skating, @d)Httfdjub(aufeit, n. -. sketch, @ftjje, /. -n. skiff, $abn, m. -e8, *e. sky, tmntel, m. -, . slap, ffopfeu. slave, @flat)e, m. -it, -it. sleep, n., @d)taf, w.-e; v., jdjtafen, S. sleepy, fd)(afrig. sleet, @d)lofjen, /.//. slope, 2lbbang, m. -8, "e. slowly, laitgiam. small, f(ein; (84, 1. 12) gertng. smell, riedjen, S. smoke, vaitrfini. snore, fdjuardjen. snow, @d)itee, m. -8. so, fo; (therefore) alfo, itnb jo; (in pred., etc., cf. 33, n. 34) e8, bo8; long as, jo tattge; that, bctntit, (jo) bag. sob, jd)(ud)jen. so-called, jogettonnt. social, gefcHtg. society, ejclljd)aft,/-en; (68, 1. 9) Umgang, m. -8. soft, njetd); (gentle) janft; (low)Ieije. softly, Icije. soil, SBobcn, m. -8, or *. soldier, @olbaf, /. -en, -ett. solitary, etttjam. solitude, (cf. 83, n. 5) olitube, /. some, sing., etnja8; //., etnige; one, jcuioitb; (for) time, eine3eittang. something, rtmai?. somewhat, etu>a8. 130 VOCABULARY. son, obit, m. -e8, *e. sonata, onate, /. -\\. son-in-law, djunegerfohn, m. -8,*e. soon, balb; after, balb baranf; as as, fobalb. sooner, eber; no sooner . . . than, !w. -, ; time, @ommerjeit, / sun, onne, f. -n. sunset, omtenuntergang, m. -8, "e. superfluous, iiberfliiffig. supper, 2tbenbcffen, n. -8. supply, n., $orrat, m. -8, ^e (of, an, dat.) ; z/., erfovgen. suppose, tiermuteu. sure, ftdjer; to be , jjiuar. surely, gercig. surface, 2Bafiei-fIa'rf)e, /. -n. surrender, ftd) crgeben, S. surround, itmgeben, S. (by, mit). survive, iibcrleben. suspect, aljnen. sustain, evb,alten, S. swamp, @umpf, m. -e8, 'e. swear, fdjrooren, S. sweet, fiig; (sounds, etc.) tiebltd). swell, tr., jdjiuellen. Switzerland, d)roetj,/. sword, @d)Wert, . -e8, -er; fall upon one's , in fein djtoert fa(* ten, S., f. sympathizing, tetlnefymcnb. symphony, t)inpf)onte', /. -en. Syracuse, <2>t)ra!n8, n. (gen., be8 -) system, tjftem', n. -8, -e. 132 VOCABULARY. table, Sifd), m. -c, -e. tablecloth, tfcl)tiicb, . -8, *er. take, nehmen, S.; (bring) bringen, irr.', (carry) trageit, S.; (lead) fill)* rat; along with, miUnehmen; off, (clothing) ab'Iegen, (boots) auS'jiehen, S.; place, ftatt=finben, S.; up, (arrest) feftotehmen; ship, a walk, etc., see ship, walk, etc. talk, fprecfjett, S., reben, (of, about, Don.) Tartar, turtarifd). task, @acbe, / -n. teach, Icljrcn. teacher, Sehvcr, m. -8, . tear, f)rfine, /. -it. tear, reifteit, S.; to pieces, jer= reifcen, (96,1.28) gerfteifdE)en; up, (ground, etc.) auf=retJ3en. tearful, feudjt, thrfinentioll. tedious, langnmlig. tediousness, angett)eile, /. tell, fagcn; (command) befchfcn, S. (dat.), hcitsen, S.; (relate) erjafjfeit (about, toon). temperate, nicijjig. ten, jehn. tenderness, 3fh'tttd)feit, ^ tenfold, jchnfac^. tent, 3dt, n. -e, -e. thaler, X&aler, m. -9, . than, al$. thank, v., banfeu (dat.) ; n., s, S)anf, m. -e; send s to, banfen laffen, S.; with s, banfenb, tnit that, rel., ber, welcftev; demons., ber, btefer, (cf. 35, n. 15) jener; conj. bog; which, ba, nja; all , otteS, tt)a; in order , bam it; now , jet, ba; so , bamit, (fo) bag. the, ber; the ... the, je . . . befto. Thebes, Shebeu, n. -9. their, ibr. themselves, (fte) felbft; re ft~> f lc ^ (fetbft). then, baitu; the idea of time not being prominent, often ba (25, 1.12 etc.); (therefore) beun; now and , hie imb ba; since , jettbem. there, bort, ba; (expl. subj.) e; out , ba braujjeit. therefore, batjev, bavum, beSbatb. thereupon, baraitf. they, fte, btefelben; fade/., man. thick, bid; (dense) btd)t. thief, S)teb, m. -eS, -e. thing, 2)tng, n. -e8, -e or -er; (ob- ject) adje,/ -n. think, beufen, irr. (of, an, ace.)', (believe) gfanbeu, metncn; (con- sider) bebenlcn. third, brttt. thirteen, breigebn. thirteenth, bvet$ebnt. thirtieth, bretfetgp. thirty, brelfjig. this, biefcr; evening, beitte&benb; before , jt^oit friiher. thither, bortbtn. though, obgteic^. thousand, taufenb. threat, robuug, / -etu threaten, bebroben. three, bvet. throat, .Spat*, m. -c8, "e; cut one's throat, einem ben $at abfct)netben, S. VOCABULARY. 133 throne, b,ron, m, -e, -e or -en. through, bitrd) (ace.}. throw, nierfen, S. (at, nad)); away, rt)eg*tt)erfen. thus, fo. till, bi8; not , erjl. time, 3ett, / -en; (repetition) mal; all the , Me flange til (fyinburrf)), roahrenb ber gaitjen 3 p i*i at that , ju ber 3 f it' (formerly) batnalS; at the same , jit gteid)er eit, jitgteid); at this , jit ber (biefer) 3eit; (for) a long , tange; (for) some , elite ,3dttang; in the s Jitr 3 e it' * n b en 3eit?n; up to that , bi babiit ; a third , jinn brittentnaf; for the first , jum erftenmat; the first , ba erftemat; many s, tiielmals, oft. tiny, ttrinjig. tired, milbe, ermiibet. tiresome, langnmlig. title, itet, m. -8, ; with the , unter bem Jitet. to, Jit (dat.), nad) (dat.), ait (dat. or ace.) ; (into) tit (ace.) ; (country) nad); (inf.) jit, nm . . . jit ; (person) jit; (town) nad); in order , nm . . . jn; five ten, fitnf bis jefyn. to-day, fjeitte; 's, of , heitttg. together, jn|ammen; with, faint (dat.). tolerably, jiemlid). to-morrow, morgeit ; day after , flbermorgen. tone, Xon, m. -e, *e. tongue, prodje,/. -n. too, jit ; (also) and). tooth, 3of)"/ m ' -*/ " e - tortoise, d)tlbfvote,/. -n. total, gefamt. touch, beritbren. towards, nad) (dat.), nad) . . . gu ; (hours of day) gegen (ace.). town, @tabt, / ^e. trace, (Spur, /. -en. train, v., jiebrn, S.; (educate) bilben (for, jn) ; ., 3ug, m. -e, a e. tranquillity, SRulje, /. travel, retfen, f. or Ij. traveler, ber Steifettbe (part, as noun}. traverse, juviidVlegen. tread, treteu, S., f. treasure, @dja^, m. -e8, ^e. treat, bebanbetn. treaty, ^Bertrag, m. -9>, ^e; make a , eincn SSertrag fdjUef^eit, S. tree, 33annt, m. -e$, "e. trial, SJerfudj, m. -e8, -e, ^Jrobe, /. -n. trickery, Sitde,/. -en. trifle, Xanbelei, /. -en. trio, Xrio, n. -S, -8. trip, (Heine) 9tetfe,/. -n; take a , etne (Heine) 9teife madjen. triumph, ftegen. troops, Sritppen,/ //. trot, trabeit. trouble, ., aJinb,e, /. -it; v., bc lafltgen. true, luabv. truly, yours , 3b,r ergebener (cf. also 63, n. 6). trunk, Ifoffer, m. -8, . trust, trauen (dat.) ; in, ftd) tter* laffen (S.) auf (ace.). truth, SBaijrfjeit, /. -en. try, Devfudjeit. Tuileries, Iiiilerte'eit,//. 134 VOCABULARY. Turk, Xiivfe, m. -n, -n. turn, tr., breben ; intr., fid) inenben, .S 1 . (also W.); (become) jncvben, />;-.; (78, 1. 15) umstttenbeu; away, tr., gimtdMueifeit, .S.; back, //;-., guvud^febren, f. ; -in his , fetnerfeits. twelfth, gttiblft. twelve, sluolf. twentieth, gttmngigft. twenty, jtnanjig. twig, 3tt>eig, m - -*t -? twist, fledjten, S. twitter, gtt)itfd)ern. two, greet ; the , bte betben, bie grcci. unacquainted (with), untiinbtg (^.)- uncertain, unftd)er. uncle, Oufel, m. -8, , Dljetm, m. -%, -e. under, prep., miter (ad)cu. walk, z/., gef)en, 6"., j.; (for pleasure) fpajieren geh^en; n., pajiergaug, m. -9>, "e; up and down, auf itnb abgeb,en; take a , foaflieren geb,en. wall, n., 5Kauer, / -it, (86, 1. 7) 2BaQ, z. -e8,^e; v., up, ber= maucrn. walnut-tree, SBattuupanin, m. -8, e. wander, wanbeni, f. ^r b,. want, iwimfdjcn; to, roollen, irr. war, ^cieg, w. -c, -c; declare - against, ben $rieg erflfiren ( unb geftrige Sag ; day before , borgefknt. yet, adv., noii); conj., beitnod), bod); as , bi ic^t; not , nod) nidjt. yonder, bort; over , ba britben. you (cf. 25, n. 2, 35, n. 12, 57,0.4) bu. ii)r, @te; /] a[cl)] S. bingen, hire. u(o) it S. briugen, press. a it Mod, bfirfcn, be permitted. it u barf,^c S. eml>-feb,fen, commend. a ic ic a or S. irr. effen, EAT. [8]c i i S. fobrcn, FARE. u a a S. fallen, FALL. ic a a S. fongen, catch. t a a S. fedjten,* FIGHT. i i S. ftnbcn, FIND. a it S. flcdjten,* twine. i i S. fliegen, FLY. S. fliehcn, FLEE. S. fticfjen, flow. u W S. fveffen, eat. a e i i S. gcben, GIVE. a c ic ic S. gc-beib,en, thrive. ic i: STRONG AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 141 CLASS. INFINITIVE. PAST. PERP. PART. 2- 3 s. PRES. IMPER. P.SUBI. S. irr. gcfjeit, GO. i[Q] a[ng] S. gc-Uugcn, succeed. a U S. ge-nicJ3en, enjoy. \J S, gc-fdjel)CH, happen. a V ic S. gc-nnunen, WIN. a or 3 S. intr. glcid)cn,* be LIKE. i i S. grobnt, dig. u a ft S. greifcn, seize. t[ff] Uff] Irr. fyabCll, HAVE(see Gram.). S. IjOltCU, HOLD. tc a a S. Ijangen, HANG (intr.). i a a S. irr. fytuten*, HEW. ic[b] ait S. Ijcben, HEAVE. (u) orfl S. fyeifk", call. ic ci S. Ijclfen, HELP. a i i ii or ft M. femten, know. a a c S. fomiiicit, COME. u (o) Mod. fouucn, CAN. tann,etc S. fvicdjen, creep. v_ ^ S. loben,* LOAD. u a (S) S. laffeit, LET. ic a a S. laufcn, run. tc an an S. Ictljeit, lend. ic tc S. Icjcit, read. a c ic ic S. Hegen, LIE. a c Mod. mogeit, MAY. 0[d)J 0[d)] mag, etc Mod. S. muff en, MUST. ncf)iiicn, take. tt a It o[mnt] mu&, etc i[mm] i[mm] M. ncnnen, NAME. a a e S. rotcu, advise. ic a 1 142 APPENDIX. CLASS. INFINITIVE. PAST. PERF. PART. 2- 3 s. PKES. IMPER. P.SUBJ. S. reifjen, tear. i i S. reiten, RIDE. i[tt] i [tt] S. ricdjen, smell. \s \j S. . ringen, struggle. o(u) u tt or it S. rinnen, RUN. a ft or o S. S. rufen, call, fallen,* sound. ic u S. intr. jdjctben, part. tc ie S. fdjeinen, seem. tc ic S. fdjieben, SHOVE. S. fdjie&en, SHOOT. \j u S. fd)lttfen, SLEEP. tc a i S. fd)lagen, strike. tt a a S. fd)teid)en, sneak. i i S. frfjttejjen, shut. % w S. intr. fdjmcljen,* melt. i i S. fdjneibett, cut. i [tt] i[tt] S. intr. frfjrecfen,* fear. o[t] i i S. fdjretben, write. te ic S. fdjveien, scream. ie ic S. frfjreiteii, stride. i[tt] t[tt] S. fcfjnrimmen, SWIM. 0(0) or S. fdjrtJinbcn, vanish. a(it) tt or u S. jdjroiirat, SWEAR. 0(tt) or S. fc^en, SEE. a c ic ic Irr. fetlt, be, (see Gram.}. M. fenben,* SEND. a a C S. jingeit, SING. a it S. jittfen, SINK. a tt S. 1 ftuncn, think. a a or 9 STKONG AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 143 CLASS. INFINITIVE. PAST. PERF. PARL. 2-3 S. PRES. IMPER. P.SUBJ. 6 1 . ji{3en,siT. o[61 c [ff] Mod. fallen, SHALL. foQ, tic. s. . ftrinnen, SPIN. a a or ij S. fprecfjen, speak. a i t S. fpvingen, SPRING. a It S. ftedjen, sting. a i i S. irr. ftefyen, STAND. a [lib] a[nb] a or it S. fteljlen, STEAL. a a or 8 S. fteigen, mount. ic tc S. fterbcn, die. a i i Irr. tljun, DO. -at -an (seeGr.) S. trogen, carry. it a a S. treffen, hit. o[f] i i S. trcibcn, DRIVE. ic ic S. tretcn, TREAD. a e i[] i[] S. tvinlea, DRINK. a u a or it S. oer-gcffen, FORGET. 'a c i i S. t>cr-Hercn, LOSE. S. rcadifcn, grow. it a a S. tvafdfyen, WASH. u a a S. roeidjen,* yield. i i S. lucifcn, show. ie ic M. roeuben,* turn. a a e S. lucrbcn, sue. a i i a or fl S. or irr. tt>crben,become, (see Gr.). a, [it] i it S. ttJcrfen, throw. a i t it or it S. uunbcn, WIND. a u M. irr. luiffnt, know. n it mt'\b,etc Mod. ruottcn, WILL. mitt, etc S. jtcb,cn, draw. otfll [g] GERMAN. Joynes-Meissner German Grammar. By EDWARD S. JOYNF.S, Prof, of Mod. Langs., S. C. College. Half leather. 390 pages. Price by mail, $1.25. Introduction price, $1.12. THIS book aims to supply a want not heretofore met of a German grammar at once sufficiently elementary and progres- sive for the beginner, and sufficiently systematic and complete for the advanced student, yet within reasonable limits of size and price. 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'"THIS little pamphlet gives two sets of English exercises correspond- 1 ing to the set in the Joynes-Meissner Grammar, and so enables the teacher to use a different set of exercises with three successive be- ginning classes, to avoid the yearly repetition of the same sentences. GERMAN. 3 Marchen und Rrzahlungen, I. Selected and edited by Miss H. A. GUERBER, Nyack, N.V. Cloth. 163 pages. Introduction price, 60 cents. By mail, 65 cents. THIS little German Reader for beginners is especially adapted to meet the needs of teachers who are seeking the very easiest Ger- man, but who are not satisfied with material without interest or value. It consists of tales, most of them new to American readers, which have been arranged so as to furnish the beginner with reading interesting enough to stimulate the curiosity even of very young pupils, and yet so easy as not to discourage at the outset. The tales have been se- lected with reference to furnishing pupils with all the most ordinary forms and. expressions, and at first words and idioms have been pur- posely repeated a number of times in order to fix them in the mind. The reader will be especially valuable for use with young pupils in private schools and classes in grammar schools and wherever Ger- man is the language of the class-room ; but it has a complete vocabulary and will be equally desirable for any school where the earliest reading is aimed at. Colloquial exercises are appended. Prof. T. B. Lindsay, Boston Univ. : I am using it with a class at Miss Hersey's school, and find it excellent in all respects. It is without question the best beginner's reading-book I have ever seen. Clara Osthues, State Normal School, Buffalo, N.Y. : I introduced it in my class for beginners, and am very much pleased with it. Dr. Z. Test, Supervisor of German, Richmond, Ind. : I am very much pleased with it, and have introduced it. Therese Kirchberger, Hughes High School, Cincinnati: 1 am particu- larly pleased with it. I consider it the best book of the kind in the market. Jane B. Clark, Mrs. Piatfs School, Utica, N. Y. : I am delighted with it. It is by far the best book I have ever seen for beginners. Mary S. Baker, Friends' Central School, Philadelphia, Pa. : I was so much pleased with it that we ordered fifty copies, and after using it find it most satisfactory. Marchen und Erzahlungen, II. Selected and edited by Miss H. A. GUERBER, Nyack, N. Y. Cloth. 202 pages. Introduction price, 65 cents. By mail, 70 cents. THIS book furnishes stories and poems similar to those in No. I., but designed to follow the latter, or to be used as an independent but more advanced reader. The stories are all adaptations for elementary pupils in school or college. GERMAN. Harris German Lessons. By CHARLES HARRIS, Professor of the German Language and Literature In Adelbert College. Cloth. 178 pages. Introduction price, 60 cents. Mailing price, 65 cents. THIS is a brief grammar, with exercises, adapted for a short course or as an introduction to advanced grammar or composition. It is elementary, can be used by pupils who have had no training in other languages, and has features of arrangement that especially fit it for use when early reading is aimed at, for example, the weak and strong verbs are taken up before the noun and adjective, so far as necessary for first readings. Waller Bearing, Prof, of German, College for Women, Cleveland, Ohio: An unusually well-arranged book. Dr. W. A. Adams, Instr. in Ger- man, Yale Univ. : 1 introduced it this year and like it very much. Feb. i, 1897. Helena Schirme, Teacher of Ger- man, High School, Minneapolis: A very well arranged book. It will enable the beginner to master in a short space of time the main facts of German grammar. Otto Heller, Prof, of German, Washington University, St. Louis: You have done a wise thing in publishing it. H. M. Ferren, Instr. in German, High School, Allegheny. Pa. : It contains just what is necessary for a first year's course. B.V. Winter-burn, Teacher of Gtr- man, High School, San Diego, Cat. : Its plan is excellent. I shall introduce it at once. Shorter German Grammar. Part I., with complete Vocabularies, of the Joynes-Meissner Grammar. Half leather. 266 pages. Introduction price, 80 cents. Price by mail, 90 cents. THE wide and rapidly growing use of the Joynes-Meissner Grammar has at the same time elicited a demand in many quarters for a shorter Grammar which should present the same excellences as the larger book. To meet this demand the present edition is issued. It includes all that is necessary for elementary work, whether in a complete course of essential grammar or as an introduction to higher study. toeatb's fIDofcern language Series. Introduction prices are quoted unless otherwise stated. GERMAN GRAMMARS AND READERS. Joynes-Meissner German Grammar. A working Grammar, sufficiently element ary for the beginner, and sufficiently complete for the advanced student. Half leather. $1.12. Alternative Exercises. Can be used, for the sake of change, instead of those in ihcJaynes-Afeissofr itself. 54 pages. 15 cts. Joynes's Shorter German Grammar. Pan I. of the above. Half leather. So cts. Harris's German Lessons. Elementary Grammar and Exercises for a short course, or as introductory to advanced grammar. Cloth. 60 cts. Sheldon's Short German Grammar. For those who want to begin reading as soon as possible and have had training in some other languages. Cloth. 60 cts. Babbitt's Germa* at Sight. A syllabus of elementary grammar, with suggestions and practice work for reading at sight. Paper. 10 cts. Faulhaber's One Year Course in German. A brief synopsis of elementary grammar, with exercises for translation. Cloth. 60 cts. Meissner'S German Conversation. Not a phrase book nor a method book, but a scheme of rational conversation. 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Anecdotes as a basis for colloquial work, followed by tables of phrases and idioms, and a select reader of prose and verse, with notes and vocabulary. Cloth. 90 cts. Boisen'S German Prose Reader. Easy, correct, and interesting selections of graded prose, with copious notes, and an Index to the notes which serves as a vocabulary. Cloth. 90 cts. Grimm's Marchen and Schiller's Der Taucher (Van der Smissen). Bound in one volume. Notes and vocabulary. The Marchen in Roman type; Der Taucher in German type. 65 cts. Andersen's Marchen (Super). Easy German, free from antiquated and dialectical ex- pressions. With notes and vocabulary. Cloth. 70 cts. Heath's German-English and English-German Dictionary. Fully adequate for the ordinary wants of the student. Cloth. Retail price, $1.50. flDobern OLansuase Series. Introduction prices are quoted unless otherwise stated, EASY GERMAN TEXTS. Grimm's Marchen and Schiller's Der Taucher (Van der Smissen). Bound in one volume. Notes and vocabulary. 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Note* and vocabulary, by Professor Gore of Columbian University. Cloth. 195 pages. 75 cts. HodgCS's Scientific German. Part I consists of exercise* in German and English, the sentences be ine selected from text-books on science. Part 1 1 consists of scientific essays, followed by a German- English and English-German vocabulary. Cloth. 203 pages. 75 cts. Wenckebach's Deutsche Literaturgeschichte. Vol. I (to noo A.D.)whh.Miufer- stiicke. Boards. 212 pages. 50 cts. Wenckebach's Meisterwerke des Mittelalters. Selections from translations in modern German of the masterpieces of the Middle Ages. Cloth, seepages. $1.26. t>eatb's flDofcern language Series. Introduction prices are quoted unless otherwise stated. FRENCH GRAMMARS AND READERS. Edgren's CompeCdiGUS French Grammar. A working grammar for high school or college ; adapted to the needs of the beginner and the advanced scholar. Half leather, $1.12. Edgren'S French Grammar, Part I. For those who wish to learn quickly to read French. 35 cts. Supplementary Exercises to Edgren's French Grammar (Locard). French- English and English-French exercises to accompany each lesson. 12 cts. Grandgent : S Short French Grammar. Brief and easy, yet complete enough foi all elementary work, and abreast of the best scholarship and practical experience of to-day. 60 cts. With LESSONS AND EXERCISES, 75 cts. Grandgent's French Lessons and Exercises. Necessarily used with the SHORT FRENCH GRAMMAR. First Year's Course for High Schools, No. \ ; First Year's Course for Colleges, No. i. Limp cloth. Introduction price, each 15 cts. Grandgent's French LeSSOnS and Exercises. First Year's Course for Gram- mar Schools. Limp cloth. 59 pages. 25 cents. Second Year's Course for Grammar Schools. Limp cloth. 72 pages. 30 cts. Grandgent's Materials for French Composition. Five graded pamphlets based on La Fife de Jean Bart, La derniere classe, Le Siege de Berlin, Pefpino, L' Abbe Constantin, respectively. Each, 12 cts. Grandgent's French Composition. Elementary, progressive and varied selections, with full notes and vocabulary. Cloth. 150 pages. 50 cts. Himball's Materials for French Composition. Based on Colombo, for second year's work ; based on La Belle-Ni-vernaise for third year's work. Each, 12 cts. StOrr'S Hints On French Syntax. With exercises. Interleaved. Flexible cloth. 30 cts. HOUghtOn'S French by Reading. Begins with interlinear, and gives in the course of the book the whole of elementary grammar, with reading matter, notes, and vocabu- lary. Half leather. 1.12. Hotchkiss'S Le Premier Livre de Franqais. A purely conversational introduc- tion to French, for young pupils. Boards. Illustrated. 79 pages. 35 cts. Fontaine's Livre de Lecture et de Conversation. Entirely in French. Com- bines Reading, Conversation, and Grammar. Cloth. 90 cts. Fontaine's Lectures CourantCS. Can follow the above. Contains Reading, Con. versation, and English Exercises based on the text. Cloth. Ji.oo. Lyon and Larpent's Primary French Translation Book. An easy begin- ning reader, with very full notes, vocabulary, and English exercises based on the latter part of the text. Cloth. 60 cts. Super's Preparatory French Reader. Complete and graded selections of interest- ing French, with notes and vocabulary. Half leather. 70 cts. French Fairy Tales (Joynes). With notes, vocabulary, and English exercises based on the text. Boards, 35 cts. Heath's French-English and English-French Dictionary. Recommended at ail the colleges as fully adequate for the ordinary wants of students. Cloth. Retail price, %> 50. Complete Catalogue of Modern Language texts sent on request. D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS. t>eatb'0 flDofcern %anguage Series. Introduction prices are quoted unless otherwise stated. EASY FRENCH TEXTS. Jules Verne's L 'Expedition de la Jeune-Hardie. With note*, vocabulary, and appendixes by W. S. Lyon. Boards. 95 pages, as ct*. Gervais's Un Cas de Conscience. With notes, vocabulary, and appendixes by R. P. Horsley. Paper. 86 pages. 25 cts. G6nin's Le Petit Tailleur BOUtOn. With notes, vocabulary, and appendixes by W. S. Lyon. Paper. 88 pages. 25 cts. Assollant's Une Aventure du CeUebre Pierrot. With note*, vocabulary, and appendixes by R. . Pain. Paper. 93 pages. 25 cts - Muller's Les Grandes Decouvertes Modernes. Talks on Photography and Telegraphy. With notes, vocabulary, and appendixes by F. E. B. Wale. Paper. 8$ pages. 25 cts. Rdcits de Guerre et de Revolution. Selected and edited, with notes, vocabulary, and appendixes by B. Minssen. Paper. 91 pages. 25 cts. Bruno's Les Enf ants Patrlotes. With notes, vocabulary, and appendixes by W, S. Lyon. Paper. 94 pages. 25 cts. De la Bedolliere's La Mere Michel et son Chat. With notes, vocabulary, and appendixes by W. S. Lyon. Boards. 96 pages. 25 cts. 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