J THE SPELLER FPSEVER in *.a 'mij DCHEATH^C° , THE • * •• • • *•.•*•• PROGRESSIVE SPELLER A COMPLETE SPELLING BOOK ARRANGED FOR ADVANCED PRIMARY, INTERMEDIATE, AND GRAMMAR GRADES Ff P: SEVER >i*ic BOSTON, U.S.A. D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 1893 / ■ (i r :0U CATION DEPT, Copyright, 1892, By F. p. sever. Nortoootr ^rcss : J. S. Gushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. PREFACE. 3^*iC The object in preparing this book is to meet the require- ments of a progressive age, which calls for something more in spelling than the mere conning of columns of words, isolated from language, and too frequently without meaning or interest to the learner. The following are among the principles observed and the features made prominent : — 1. Reasonable time and space are given to the meaning and use of words in connection with their spelling. 2. Since Ave speak English more than we write it, correct pronunciation is given place in proportion to its importance, though all marks and dots are valueless unless their signifi- cance is learned and carefully applied in every-day practice. 3. Effort is made to render the work attractive as well as useful to the learner by the introduction of letter- writing ; by word and sentence building; by giving variety in arrange- ment ; and by conforming, in subject-matter, to the capacity of the average child and the natural order of mind growth. 4. The " seat work " involved throughout the book is more than copy work, — it implies " work with words." It is designed iii ivi209507 IV PREFACE. as practice to promote facility in expression and accuracy in the use of English. 5. Homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms are given the attention and prominence that their importance demands. 6. The etymological and dictionary work is conveniently arranged, is sufficiently suggestive, and will furnish a basis for more extended study of language. 7. Script is introduced as a guide to the younger pupils in written work, and to give the appearance of words in that form. 8. Part I. is peculiarly adapted to oral work in class. In Part II. ample provision is made for constructive work (in writing, if so preferred) by the more advanced pupils during "study hour." 9. The gradation of work is not based on any " time " graded school, but is on the easy and natural order known to be in harmony with all mind power and mind growth. 10. Finally, — if the ideas of the author are correct, — the teacher's duty does not end with " giving out " the words ; the student can do more than memorize perplexing combina' tions of letters ; teacher and pupil can join in a most delightful employment, — the study of the spelling of words and the ideas they represent; expressing new thoughts by varying the relations of the component parts, and converting the tedious hour of the " spelling class " into a pleasant ramble in the fields and byways of our language. F. P. S. PART I. THE PEOGEESSIVE SPELLEE. 3>»^^ do sAor^ book ^^W^ look hook took U, U, (ZW(^ 11 9. rude 10. rule A^U'i^uy 11. prune Jk4.^^^n£y 12. cruel II hefore r. urge purge y4^'U4^^y pull y/^t^^^uy fuU DIPHTHONGS AND CONSONANTS. Diphthongs oi, oy, ow oi oy ou ow 1. oil toy out owl 2. boil joy scout howl 3. coil boy shout growl 4. toil troy trout powder 5. broil oyster ground prow b 9 soft -e hard d 6. bug gedar ^rown dish 7. black cider cot drive 8. brick certain clot drink 9. bucket city colt damp 10. basket cypress clown dark f g hard g soft h 11. flog glade gem hum 12. fife glee gentry harm 13. fifty grind gibbet happy 14. first glad germ hornet 15. fight gallop gist hurry CONSONANTS, 9 J, k, 1, m 3 k 1 m 1 jump king lamp musket 2. jay keep lazy many 3. junk kind lofty muslin 4. jolly kitchen line mason 5. jelly kick limp mitten n, p, q n n P q 6. name link prince queen 7. navy linger prose quickly 8. night bethink power quail 9. near longer pretty quill 10. noise uncle plant s, t quality r s sharp s soft t 11. roast soft amuse tone 12. rainbow same disease note 13. rafter smile dismal moist 14. rest f silly dissolve honest 15. rival soap disown must 10 CONSONANTS. V, X, z V X sharp 1. voice explain 2. violet except 3. vulture extend 4. vinegar exclaim 5. vase exclude w wool wet waist wait welcome X soft example zone exempt zebra exist frozen exhaust size exhort buzz y yeast young your yard yonder THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 11 liesson 1. Rule y,— Every sentence should begin with a capital letter, all are at high m spell sleep yet teacher up Ijesson 2. can ,.^-a^ry mice y^T^A^C^ sing jump .^^^^^^^^-^-^^ catch kitten yS^^t&T^iy like bird seeds .Jj^^^^dd^ To the reac/ier.- Require the pupil to use these words in original sentences Sanger .^^ ^^^. '^j^Himy/ cZfuy --ytU^m/^^ Cyf^tri^rJ^.^^^^ / ^d^^^i^yU^?^. j^/fCT^r^dM^^..^^ wind clouds dreadful windows gale rattle house roll fairly grows fii^ PkOOliESSIVE SPELLER. 19 Lesson 17. Ann's dress is torn. She is a wild, careless girl. She soils her book, and does not learn her lesson well. Her doll's clothes are soiled also. Rem3.rk. — The apostrophe and s Cs) are often used to denote ownership or possession. Ann's doll's dress apostrophe clothes y't^t^ft^ supper ,Auf2Jt£4y milk bread criist small .^€yU^c4^ It is pleasant to watch the farmer wheat into bundles. We grow potatoes in our . This is a day. I love a day. I sometimes eat and for supper. I have a small tin cup of my own. Lesson 32. silver tm iron gold lead copper zmc platinum .^-^z^^^m^ potassium A'l^f^fk^^^^ queen disturbed .^^-du^loXd' swarm „J^u^7z4^^ny doing r-^^/^cn-^^'t-^ ..W^ bee-hive ^ ^' ' hive --^C^<^^^ ^^^, settle To the TeacAer.- Require the pupil to use these words in original sentences. Lesson 4:2. chest liings heart spine b5dy stomach head brain ribs blood CZ^^i^y-^^i^3n^d'^^^ 32 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 43. arteriei 3 veins liver muscles bones nerves skin nails hair Lesson 44. joints There are five senses, namely : — sight, taste, smell, hearing, and feeling. The eye is the organ of sight, and the ear the organ of hearing. We should take good care of the body. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 33 schoolboy pupil student ^..^J-^u^^^^e-^^z/- lesson application Lesson 45. janitor primary grammar department ^^i^Mt-fU/f^^t^^T^ industry ^•^i^^^'2^^^^^>cjM^ is generally happy. A diligent will soon learn a hard It is an honor to be perfect in each day. The will keep the room warm by keep- ing a good fire. A school is one composed of small pupils. tardy medal Lesson 46, prompt merit punctual diligent reward honor dishonor promote ^d4^C^^^t£^^ 34 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Ijesson 47. cattle h8rses hogs mules calves goats chickens geese • ducks turkeys Liesson 48. peaches pliims grapes orchards meadows fields corn clover stock guinea THE PROGBESSIVE SPELLER. 35 Lesson 49. carpenter handsaw chisel plane mallet tools shavmgs blocks ribbons mouldings A has many tools. He makes long with a . They look like — — . I love to play among — of wood that — is a hammer the shavings, and pick np the little are sawed off with the . A made of wood. Lesson 50. — Review* 1. disturbed honor chisel drawing 2. doing department plane ink'stand 3. care poultry blocks stock 4. heart kisect tools guinea 5. stomach meadow field duckling 6. ribs orchard clover gosling 7. tardy ribbons plums veins 8. prompt school-boy peaches liver 9. diligent lesson promote controls 10. punctual corn failure tasting 36 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 51. Rule 1, — The apostrophe (0 denotes an omission, or that there has been a contraction. afraid be late unless I make haste. a very pretty knife. My father gave it to me. soon be as large as I am. ' you love the sunshine! Note. — Do not make frequent use of contractions. Tjesson 53, entire ^^^^^^Z^d^^ foaming^ .^^^^^^^^^^^^ cataract ^^e-^z^^^^y^i^z-c/^ pouring ,y4't^t7^Uyl^€y^^i^^ roaring ^/^^^^-^^-^^^^ glade ^W^^^^z:.^ singing ^^J^^^^n^^^^^-rt^ To the Teacher. — Require the pupils to use these words in original sentences. roaming ^d^t^T^^^^^-t^-^^^i^^ valley yTzi-Ci!^^^ glen ^y^^^e^^ THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 37 Lesson 53. An old door on its hinges. The is overhead. Flowers have a smell. When several speak at once there is confusion. We sometimes the graves of the dead by strew- ing flowers upon them. Do not speak angrily or be a . confusion scold fragrant decorate hickory hinges creaks rust ceiling maple Lesson 54. yT^n^HJ^^ ^yp^i^^tZ^,^^^^^-^ IS a The course of the The dove makes a dainty I love a bright, fire. We often fail to appreciate the one. for the hawk, of time. is not a desirable color for a garment. 38 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Ijesson 55. To the Teacher. — Have the class commit the following. Teach a lesson. — From '• Song of the Potter," Henry W. Longfellow. Lesson 56. hanging between level cliff front covers tosses curly teeth straight ^i^^^-^^^^^l^^^^^;^::^^!^.^^^^^^ THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 39 Lesson 57. Direction. — Distinguish between : lightning and lightening gesture and jester fisher and fissure emigrate and immigrate except and accept ax and acts colonel and kernel pour and pore affect and effect aloud and allowed Note. — The teacher should direct attention to both the spelling and pronuncia- tion of such words as those above, explaining the meaning and requiring sentences formed to illustrate their use. ^y^^^-i^^n-^z^. ^..'^'^^^^T^l^n-trT^ Lesson 58. defend forsake parents duty protest dizzy muddy ,^-ryz^u^i^M^ ocean .^^tHt^^f?>^ pebbles store ^.d^H^y 40 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 59. //^-^1^-t^^^ ^^-^^j^^^^^^^ '^^/^^n^^u^^ ascend steeples wonder build blows within vane sexton warning injured Lesson 60* — Review. disturbed hickory mamma within scarcely roaring parade wonder clmrch fragrant parents celebration gray ceiling ascend niece arteries cousin pebbles occasion being yesterday murmur gladness sorrow straight defend fathom pleasant prepare begins between aunt hurried build curly muddy distance anvil front THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 41 Lesson 61. ^^T^yi^t^^^^^Cd^^^^^'Z.'tr^^^^^^^ -^sop, " The Miser " (A Fable). To the Teac/ier. — Select the 7iew aud difficult words, and require the pupil to spell and define. Lesson 62. owns plows f^d b^iggy s^^^^^ neat cottage wagon harness poultry 42 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 63. Direction. — Copy the following: See Rule 7, p. 36. Wisdom shining sage wandering talking Lesson 64. To the Teacher. — Select the new and difficult words, and require the pupil to spell and define. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 43 Direction. Lesson 65. Copy the following : Lesson 66. -J. R. Drake. flattery butcher upright consults compare cunning honorable stutter anecdotes imitates truthful falter monkey hypocrite industrious hesitate acorn precipice captive dusty Many are told about the monkey. He is said to be a very — animal, and [ to the actions of persons. He is a very nimble animal, and lives in the forest. He eats nuts and fruits, and sometimes flesh. 44 THE PIWGRESSIVE SPELLER. Ijesson 67. scraper sleep auger thread fences sister thimble scythe shaggy needle harrow eating o'clock being sew (so) granary manger trough sty fowls A farmer will make a pond with a scraper or bore a hole with an . I can use , -, and , and sew almost as well as hair. He is a watch-dog. Carlo has long, shaggy Lesson 68. kindness required describe load assist evening songster midnight grief ^..^^^'^''^^^/^i^^^^^^i^^^^^V THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLER. 45 • Lesson 69. *•-/■ Jan. is for January. July is for July. Feb. " " February. Aug. " it. t/ August. Mar. " " March. Sept. " a September, Apr. " " April. Oct. " u October. May " " May. Nov. " u November. June " " June. Dec. " u December. Lessoi 1 70. anxious search trough shoes destroy plastering hosiery shawls nephew finished cunning honorable property gingham industrious stutter sleek compare falter hesitate buggy monkey listen billows shining hypocrite midnight evening living prints auger scythe incendiary nimble shaggy thimble manger skittish February December 46 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 71. / ' - - y -/^ /jy/ ?yK yt^ ^C^^/^^. shipped condition enclosed received dollars failure forty-five ckarts globes payment THE proghessive spelleh. 47 Lesson 12. >:^/^l^^^7^^^^^,x/:^^^^^^^^ catalpa primrose dandelion daisy search conifer flower blossom showy wandering Lesson 73. Plants furnish shelter, raiment, food, and medicine. We make furniture and machinery of wood, and paper of bark and other substances. Bark was at one time used by the Indians of North America for making small boats or canoes. Plants assist in purifying the air, and are the chief source of fuel. fiirnish Indians purifying shade raiment making fuel ornaments medicine source paper coal machinery canoes plants wood America assist furniture shelter 48 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Ljesson 74. U.S. is for United States. Benj. is for Benjamin. Mo. " Missouri. Chas. " Charles. 111. " Illinois. Jas. '' James. lo. " Iowa. Thos. " Thomas. Ind. " Indiana. Geo. " George. Kan. " Kansas. Wm. " William. N.Y. " New York. Sam'l " Samuel. Co. " Company. Jno. " John. Co. " County. Alex. " Alexander. Pa. " Pennsylvania. Lesso Chris. " n 75. Christopher. without berries shingles radishes spices beams posts lettuce bulbs lumber onions spinach chiefly bridges potatoes cel'ery barns pumps Lesso chairs n 76. medicine straw flax durable jute gos'samer cotton hemp famous products rubber THE PttOGItt:SSIVE SPELLt:k. 49 Lesson 77. wonderful happily creatures necessary together families pieces willing decide separate Beavers are good carpenters, dam-builders, and plas- terers. These lively little animals can do a amount of hard work. They live very together. If they to build a dam, they cut or gnaw down shrubs or small trees on the bank of the stream, and use them in making the dam. Lesson 78, manner ^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^.^/^ careful .^-i^^^^^^^^^^ branches --^-^^^-^^^^^^^^C^^ float ^^^f^^^t^^n^ animals .^■'^^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ miisk'-rat otter mmk ^^^yyi^-i^-n^-^ raccoon .A^^i^^^^-€^zmy opos'sum /^;^^^t^i^^^^>^^^ The musk-rat, like the beaver, is fond of the water. Musk-rats build their houses in the same manner that beavers do. • Both animals furnish fur for man's use. Fur animals usually live in a cold climate. 50 THE PliOQRESStVE SPELLEU. Lesson 79. It is extremely cold in the regions. The is found there. Hear the shout of the huntsman when he brings down his game ! The people who live in the far north wear fur clothing through the long, dreary winters. In such dress they look uncouth, but many of them are good people. arctic ^^^.^^^^^t^ reindeer joyous ^.^f^nftrpcdy afar ^^^zJkd^ distance .^^z/^J.^^^y^'l^^y wandering ..^^^^^^^^-^^^^^^^/^^^^^^ uncouth leisure advantage .^-z^-^M^ living .^^^^"^^^-^^^ Liesson 80.- — Review. received lettuce bridges U.S. = ? duly leisure chiefly 111. = ? wonderful piece without Benj. = ? necessary creatures shipped Kan. = 9 taking decide enclosed Sam'l = ? arctic showy avenue Jno. = ? conifer catalpa celery Thos. = ? shingles medicine gossamer Jas. = ? radishes machinery careful • Mo. = ? spinach purifying happily Co. = ? THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 51 Lesson 81, A.M. is for Master of Arts. P.M. " " Post Master. C.O.D. " " cash on delivery, cts. " " cents. a.m. is for before noon, p.m. " " after noon. Prof. " " Professor, ft. " " feet. Note to the Teacher. — Require the pupils to use these abbreviations in original sentences. Lesson 82, consent ^^(^'tr^'Z<£^^n^ attain mingle /-^-^^-^^^^^^^^^ estates ^t^c^^^^^Si^ permission genuine pulley news-boy .-^-^^t^^^^^^. launder gentry ,^^-^.^-^^zZlu^ 52 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 83. oiJ ^^ii^i^4^c::>^^^^^>;^ U/Oi/\^, Cytj/uU^^a/ ..Jt/ » r, Jt^a^f^/ tyro alto staff melody beginner tenor soprano notes musician cord Lesson 84, Direction. — Copy the script. blended rests bass cleff harmony music holds discord slurs bars G^^trUCiyn^y^::^^J,^^ a^^^n^CZy^lg^^y^-^^^tT^^e^ ■Tbnntson, " The May Queen. THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLER. 53 Lesson 85. dmgy sunshine ^<^^^>^^c^%^^^^^^^ cobwebs sunbeam ,^<^U^^nJi^^z^^^ bins .yfz^T-tjy sunset ^J^u^^T^iM^r- thrifty 'i^ sunstroke ..,m/- par^as51 courtesy generous expensive -^^;^^^.^^^cs^^^ It is sometimes best to be . I once saw a sight ; it was a passing along, and taking leaves and straw far up into the air. A certain once said, '^ Give me liberty or give me death ! " THE PMOGMESSIVE SPELLER. 65 Lesson 105. ball, a sphere. bawl, to cry aloud. base, vile, mean. bass, a part in music. climb, to mount. clime, a region. cent, a coin. sent, did send. scent, a smell. bear, to carry. bear, an animal. bare, naked. Lesson 106. y^ reject explode tobacco powder rifle lowland stable measure silence overflow scraper levee salesman by-gone returned flourish pursiiit enemy army retreat To the Teacher.— These words may be defined and used in sentences. 6Q THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 107. Blanche Laura Martin Wilber Ella Olive Cyrus Julius Flora Adelia Clarence Robert Julia Gertrude Donaldson Benjamin Meda Delia Filmore Delbert Lesson 108. Rule S. — All proper adjectives (words derived from proper najnes) should begin with a capital letter. Proper Noun. Proper Adj. Proper Noun. Proper Adj America American Alps Africa Alpine Ireland Irish African Germany German Spain Spanish Russia Russian Asia Asiatic Greece Grecian Rome Roman Lessoi ti 109. rugged valise parcel bundle label bottle whip-cord fought sachel druggist constant perpetua traveler drugs bravely daring To the Teachei '. — These words ma 7 be defined and used in sentences. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 67 Lesson 110. M.S. is for manuscript. N.B. " " take notice. 8vo. " " octavo. 12mo. " " duodecimo. 4to. " " quarto. et. al. is for " and others." B.C. " " Before Christ. Mr. " " Mister. Mrs. " " Mistress. Eem. " " Remainder. Lesson 111. clause, part of a sentence. claws, nails of an animal, coarse, not fine. course, direction. cell, a small room. sell, to dispose of. dew, moisture. due, ivhat is owing. done, finished. dun, a color. deer, an animal. dear, costly, precious. Lesson 112. frighten securely halter bear B.C. brittle salesman lantern cell N.B. loosened levee ball air Mrs. orator commander cent arc 8vo. bravely blanket bass eight 12mo measure rivalry done bee 4to. by-gone salute deer belle M.S. lowland crimson claws awl Mr. 68 TBE PBOGBESSIVE SPELLER. liesson 113. gait, manner of walking. gate, a kind of door. flour, ground grain. flower, a blossom. heal, to cure. heel, part of the foot. hail, frozen rain ; to salute. hale, hearty ; sound. peal, a loud noise. peel, to strip off the hark. hire, wages. higher, loftier. Lesson 114. Rule 9.— Most abbreviations should begin with a eapital letter and be followed hy a period. // // >/^ /^ // // // ff '/ .#'// THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 69 Lesson 116. tribute skeleton tender belfry perish triumph behold harbor thicket achieve shallow hectic success carrying blemish beautiful hunger driving freshet easily Lesson 117. diligent stiidious amiising laughable able competent firm ' solid noted distinguished substantial endtiring hight altitude permission privilege grieve bewail predict foretell 70 THE PnOGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 118. examine observe exposed Atlantic openings passages danger Pacific under beneath mosses Indian attaches grows through gulfs dive search animals waters the SI 3onge on vou r desk. the small in it. It is an animal, and these openings are small through which food may pass to all parts of the body. The sponge in water. Men deep down into the sea in are to great waters of the of the sponge. In so doing, they Sponges are found in the warm , and oceans. Lesson 119. to rule. reign, rain, ivater from clouds. stake, a post ; a sum raised. steak, a slice of meat. beach, the seashore. beech, a hind of tree. beat, to strike. beet, a vegetable. flea, an insect. flee, to run away. Lesson 120. bow, to hend the hody. bough, the branch of a tree. bm, a box. been, existed. rye, a kind of grain. wry, twisted. some, a few, a part. sum, the amount. groan, a moan. grown, increased. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 71 Lesson 131, Lesson 133. Review of Abbreviations. Long. = Longitude. Sun. = ? St. = Saint or Street. Mon. = ? S.A. = South America. Tues. = ? N.A. == North America. Wed. = ? Lat. = Latin or Latitude. Th. = ? Fr. = France or French. Fri. = ? C.O.D. = Collect on Delivery. Sat. = ? D.C. = District of Columbia. Hon. = ? Ind, T. = Indian Territory. Supt. = • 72 THE PBOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 123, ^^^^ ^j2Ct77^^l^U^ Lesson 124 V/^ '^^ Lesson 125. Vol. = Volume. N. = ■ North. bu. = bushel or bushels. bbl. = barrel or barrels. qt. = quart or quarts. hhd.= hogshead. oz. = ounce or ounces. ult. = last, or last month gal. = gallon or gallons. inst. = present month THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 73 Lesson 126. Words spelled alike, but pronounced differently and having different meanings : — es'cort (n.), a guard. escort' (v.), to accompany. des'ert (n.), a barren waste. desert' (v.), merit; to for- sake. con' vert (n.), 07ie converted. con'tract (n.), an agreement. contract' (v.), to draw to- gether. con'vict (n.), one convicted. convict' (v.), to prove guilty. fer'ment (n.), a tumult. f erment'(v.) , to set in motion. convert' (v.), to change. They sent an with the prisoner. The guide will the party to the summit of the mountain. Did you ever see a ? Do not your friends. The minister led the to the altar. A sound argument will an unbeliever. reb'el (n.), one who rebels. rebel' (v.), to rise up against bb'ject (n.), purpose ; thing. object' (v.), to oppose. cbn'duct (n.), behavior. conduct' (v.), to lead. siib'ject (n.), a topic; a fol- lower. Lesson 127. subject' (v.), to place under. trans'port (n.), joy. transport' (v.), to convey across. im'port (n.), what is brought in from abroad. import' (v.), to bring from abroad. 74 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 128. DeUnWxon. — Singular number denotes one person or thing. Plural number denotes more than one person or thin§. Note. — The plural of many nouns may be formed by adding s to the singular. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. stick sticks river rivers head heads road roads hour hours hoop hoops friend friends duck ducks passenger passengers bonnet bonnets Lessor I 129. Note. — The plural of many nouns may be formed by adding es to the singular Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. church churches mass masses potato potatoes flash flashes tomato tomatoes peach peaches coach coaches grass grasses lass lasses loss losses To the TeacAe?*. — Require the pupil to use these words in original sentences, in both the singular and the plural form. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 75 Lesson 130. Rule 1 0. — The plural of nouns ending in y, preceded by a consonant, is usually formed hy changing the y into i and adding es. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. candy candies party parties story stories poppy poppies county counties belfry belfries penny pennies sky skies cherry cherries fly flies Lessoi a 131. Rule 1 \. — Mouns ending in y, preceded hy a vowel, form the plural in the usual way, hy adding s to the singular. Singular. mon'key jockey . don'key chimney Plural. monkeys jockeys donkeys chimneys Singular. surVey money doorway fray Plural. surveys moneys doorways frays Cherr — turn red when they ripen. Grandpa often tells me interesting stor — about the war. are cunning little animals. 76 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. liesson 132. Rule }2. — The plural of most nouns ending in f or fe is formed by changing f into v and adding s or es. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. wife wives wharf wharves life lives sheaf sheaves loaf loaves beef beeves wolf wolves thief thieves Lesson 133 ►. — Review. To the TeacAer. — Require the pupil to write plurals to the following singular nouns and give the rules. carpet office mattress quantity broom college looking-glass nursery bowl dipper cross hennery barrel cushion biinch beauty poker coverlet wrench vanity bureau counter lunch sulky Lesson 134. Note. — The plurals of some nouns are not formed by any rule, but must be learned by practice. OX oxen man men goose geese mouse mice child children index m 'dices foot feet axis ax'es THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 77 Lesson 135. Male. Female. Male. Female. actor actress husband wife author authoress king queen Jew Jewess lad lass governor governess bachelor maid widower widow landlord landlady hero her'oine master mistress Note. — Fill blanks with prop er words from the list above. An may be an — — of his own production. The man who will face danger for the right is a and the woman who does a brave act is a — good will seek the welfare of his people. A links, parts of a chain. lynx, an animal. foul, unfair means. fowl, a bird. know, to understand. no, not ; a word of denial holy, sacred. wholly, entirely. Lesson 136. creak, to make a harsh sound. creek, a small stream, wait, to stay. weight, heaviness. pray, to entreat. prey, plunder ; to plunder. kill, to slay. kiln, an oven or pit 78 THE PB0GBE8SIVE SPELLER. Lesson 137, read, to call ivords. reed, a slende?' stem. die, to expire; a stamp. dye, a color. forth, forward. fourth, next after third. hew, to cut. hue, a color. earn, to gain. urn, a vase or vessel. slay, to kill. sleigh, a vehicle. pail, a bucket. pale, white. hare, an animal. hair, of the head. Lesson 138. on her urn, " A broken heart." Go and battle for the right. " to the line, and let the chips fall where they will." Break not a -^ — in memory's golden chain. An honest man will strive to his living. Lesson 139. — ew — ork City is in N.Y. — hicago is in 111. — hiladelphia is in Penn. — rooklyn is on Long Island. — uffalo is in N.Y. — oston- is in Mass. — incinnati is in Ohio. — ew — rleans is in La. Note. — Supply the letters omitted. — an — rancisco is in Cal. — aint — ouis is in Mo. — aris is in Fr. — ondon is in Eng. — erlin is in Germany. — ekin is in China. — alcutta is in India. — ienna is in Austria. Tim pnoGREsstvi: spelleh. 79 Lesson 140. A Eeview of Vowels with Practice. 1. a long [macron), as in haste, slave, matron, apricot. 2. a short (breve), as in patter, knack, match, twang. 3. a Italian (dieresis), as in arm, farm, aunt, calm, laugh. 4. a broad (..), as in broad, false, walk, gauze, fawn, caught. 6. a intermediate {period), as in fast, basket, dance, craft, chance. 6. a long before r [caret), as in care, chair, wear, air, swear, lair. 7. a like short o [period), as in what, quarrel, quaff, wander, watch. Lesson 141. 1. e long, as in we, weasel, squeak, sneeze, key, people. 2. e short, as in met, guess, death, sweat, fret, ethics. 3. e long before r, as in where, heir, wear, pear, there. 4. e intermediate, as in her, herb, ermine, heard, fern. 5. e like long a, as in they, feign, prey, eight, convey. Lesson 143. 1. i long, as in ice, ivory, spine, hireling, drive, widen. 2. 1 short, as in hickory, thick, whip, written, wicket, lip. 3. i like long e, as in police, machine, pique, marine. 4. i like e, as in sir, bird, virtue. 80 THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLEB, Ijesson 143. 1. o long, as in note, store, forum, comb, float, home. 2. o short, as in odd, spot, torrid, resolved, bother, not. 3. 6 like short u, as in other, done, brother, covert. 4. o like long oo, as in prove, tomb, move, ado, tourist. 5. 9 like short oo, as in wolf, woman. 6. o like broad a, as in order, form, ornament, accSrd. 7. 00 long, as in moon, booth, spoon, roof, food. 8. 66 short, as in wool, foot, coop, soot, stood. Lesson 144. 1. ii long, as in unite, adduce, mute, puny, tune. 2. u short, as in hubbub, scrub, rubber, flutter. 3. u like short oo, as in cushion, bullet, pulpit. 4. u after r, as in rude, fruit, pursue, scruple. 5. u before r, as in burn, curfew, turn, disturb. Lesson 145. 1. y long like i, as in fly, style, hyphen, type. 2. y short like i, as in lymph, gypsy, physic, abyss. Note 1. — w is unmarked. Diphthongs (two vowels united into one sound) are unmarked, oi and oy are diphthongs, as in oil, boy; ou and ow are diphthongs, as iu out, now. Note 2. — All the letters except the vowels are called consonants. Consonants are letters that represent sounds made by the obstructed voice and by the breath. Note 3. — The vowels are sometimes called vocals. The consonants that are sounded by the obstructed breath are called sub-vocals. Note 4. — The consonants that represent breath sounds are called aspirates. THE PnOGRESStVE SPELLER. 81 Lesson 146. Table of Consonants. Aspirates. P t k h ch (unmarked), as in child. qh sof t(= sh), as in Qhaise. ■eh hard (= k), as in -ehorus. {h sharp, as in fhin. f s sharp, as in same. sh Sub-vocals. b 9 soft (= s), cedilla 9, as in gent, •e hard (= k), as in -call, d g hard. g soft (j in jem). 1 m n r ' § soft (= z), in hag. fli soft, or vocal, as in fliis. V w X (= ks or gz). y when a consonant. z in zone. z in azure. To the Teacher.-ln practicing these sounds, the position of the vocal organs Should be explained. Lists of words may he selected, and the ^^^n^^^^^^^^, the vowels may be marked whenever marking is necessary to distinguish the sound required for correct pronunciation. 82 TBE PROGUESSIVE SPELLER. . Lesson 147. 9 soft {cedilla) in Qensus = s sharp in seldom. 9 ' ' " Qigar = s signal. 9 ' ' " deQimal = s destined. 9 ' ' " gentral = s sentiment. 9 ' ' " cylinder = s sylvan. 9 ' ' " gistern = s safety. 9 ' ' " Qent = s selfish. 9 ' ' " ^elery = s select. 9 ' ' " eliQit = s register. 9 ' ' " reciting = s Lesson 148. • sitting. ^h ard and ^li like k. ch soft like sh. (Pronounced) -eolony ■ehorus ^hivalry (shivalry) -erowd ed -ebronic ^haise (shaze) ■ealvar y -eholeric ghamois (shammy) ■eulpril ■j -ehristen ghandelier (shandeleer') -eoral -ehronology charade' (sharade) -eurfe\^ J -Christmas chicane' (she-kane) To the Teacher. — Require the proper letters supplied in the following words, with diacritical marks. — offee. — loth, — horns, — ost, offi — e, lu — id, s — orn, — aim, must'a — e, — opy, — ravat. THE P]iOGR:ESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 149. s soft (> suspended macron) in nipper§ = z in lizjird. i " iC ashes = z " blizzard. § " i( bamboos = z " ooze. § " u propose' = z " zone. s " u extremes = z " dozen. § " u amusement -4 = z " frenzy. § " u histories = z " realize. s " 3 u echoes = z " prize. 1 " ii enemies = z " grizzly. g " u zero§ = z " zeros. Lesson 150. g hard. g soft (=--]). dg (- j). gurgle lodgement bridge cajole gossip legion drudge ju'bilee girlish. gender badger jacket gases grant grudge juice grocery agile trudge conjecture negro evangelist wedge conjoin To the Teac/ier. -Kequire the pupil to supply the proper letter in the follow- ing words, with diacritical marks. bu— le, — ander, lar— est, banda— e, indi— ent, li—a- ment, fra— ment, a— itate, — ocund, — oist, — ailer, fled — e, sled — e. 84 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 151. Definition 1. — A primitive word is one not derived from another word in the same language ; as man, safe, tell. 2. — A prefix is a letter, syllable or word placed at the beginning of a primitive or root word; as ar, un, fore. 3. — A suffix is a letter, syllable or word placed at the ending of a word ; as ly, er, less. 4. — A derivative word is one formed from a primi- tive word by means of a prefix or suffix, or both ; as un+man+ly, in which un is the prefix, ly the suffix, and man the primitive or root word. 5. — A compound word is one composed of two simple words. A hyphen is placed between the parts of a compound word. The sign + (plus) is sometimes placed between a primitive word and its prefix or suffix. Prefix a means on or in. a+shore = ashore, and means on the shore, a+fire = afire, and means on fire or burning, a+ground = aground, and means on the ground ; grounded, a+bed ^ abed, and means in bed. Prefix he means to make. Prefix CO or con means loith or together. THE PBOGEESSIVE SPELLER. 85 Ijesson 152. Prefixes dis and ten mean not. dis + loyal (a.) = disloyal, means not law-abiding. dis + similar (a.) = dissimilar, means not similar; unlike. dis + approve (v.) = disapprove, means to blame. dis + hearten (v.) = dishearten, means to discourage. un + fair (a.) = unfair, means not fair ; foul. un + true (a.) = untrue, means not true; false. un 4- hitch (v.) = unhitch, means to loosen. Prefix mis means wrong or tvrongly. mis 4- lead (v.) = mislead, means to lead wrongly, mis + deed (n.) = misdeed, means a wrong deed or act. mis + step (v.) or (n.) = misstep, means to step wrongly; a wrong step. Lesson 153. Prefixes fore and pre mean before. fore -f- warn (v.) = forewarn, means to warn beforehand, fore + runner (n.) = forerunner, means one who runs before, fore + see (v.) = foresee, means to see ahead, pre + fix (n.) or (v.) = pre'fix or prefix', means something placed before ; a placing before, pre + ordain (v.) = preordain, means to ordain beforehand, pre + historic (n.) = prehistoric, means before authentic history. 86 THE PnOGTtESSlVE SPELLEB. Lesson 154. Suffixes {a)hle and {i)hle mean able, fit, or causing, honor + able (a.) = honorable, means fit to be honored; worthy of honor. bear + able (a.) == bearable, means able to be borne ; capable of being borne. rely + able (a.) = reliable, means fit to be depended upon. contempt -h ible (a.) = contemptible, means fit for con- tempt ; unfit for respect. I^ote. — No comprehensive rule can be given to designate between the use of able and ihle. This must be learned by practice. In case of doubt as to which should be used, consult the dictionary. Apply this note in the following words, and observe the rule for final e. distinguish — , speak — , eat — , laugh — , read — , flex — , convinc(e) — , convert — , sens(e) — , inhabit — , credit — , efEervesc(e) — . Lesson 155. Prefixes ar, an, ian, ary, mean one who, that which, relating to. school + ar = scho(o)lar, means one who is learned, drunk + ard = drunkard (n.), means one who gets drunk, planet + ary = planetary (a.), means relating to planets, adverse H- ary = ad vers(e)ary (n.), means one who opposes. mahomet — , rhetoric — , bound — , mission — , logic — . Note.— '^ote the pronunciation of " rhetoric— " when sulfix is added. THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLER. 87 liesson 156. Prefix re means again or anew. re + elect = re-elect, means to elect again. re + conquer = reconquer, means to conquer again. Prefix super meMis above. super + human = superhuman, means above human, super + natural = supernatural, means above the natural. To the Pupil. — Supply the proper prefixes, combine and define. — crown, — consider, — spell, — partner, — equal, — believe, — print, — lock, — easy, — ware. Lesson 157. Prefixes in Common Use. 1. J. = on or in, as in ashore. 2. Be = to make or made, as in befit. 3. Co or Con = with or together, as in conjoin. 4. JDis=- not, or away, as in dissimilar, distrust. 5. UnoY Um = m or on, as entrap, embody. 6. Fore, Pre = before, as in foreclose, preordain. 7. Ms = wrong or wrongly, as in misspell. 8. Pe = again, as in remember, reconsider. 9. Super = ^hoYe, as in superhuman. 10. Un = not, as in unsafe, means not safe. 88 THE PIIOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 158. Suffix dom means condition or possession. king + dom (n.) = kingdom, means a kind of government, f ree + dom = freedom, means liberty. Prefix en means, (1) in verb, to make ; (2) in adjec- tives, made. short + en = shorten (v.), means to make shorter, deep + en = deepen (v.), means to make deeper. Suffix er means, (1) in nouns, one ivho ; (2) in adjec- tives, more. read + er = reader (n.), means one who reads. prof ound + er = prof ounder (a.), means more profound. Lesson 159. full means full of, marked by, as in fearful, joyful. fy, ify means to make, as in justify. hood means condition of being, as priesthood. ion means act or state of being, as in oppression. ize means to make ; avilize ; equalize. hin, let, ling mean little, diminutive ; streamlet. ly means like, as in bravely, motherly. ment, ness means state of being. ous, ship, y mean state or condition of being. THE PROGBESSIVE SPELLER. 89 Lesson 160. Rule 13. — Final e of a primitive word is dropped when a suffix is added that begins with a vowel. manage + er = manager (n.), means one who manages. manage + ing = managing (pres. p.), means continuing to manage. manage + ed = managed (p.p.), means that has been man- aged. erase + able = erasable (a.), means that can be erased. erase + er = eraser (n.), means one who erases; that which erases. erase + ing = erasing (pres. p.), means act of rubbing out. erase + ed = erased (p.p.), means that has been rubbed out. Note. — Treat the following words as above. move + able, er, ing, ed. note + able, er, ing, ed. advise + able, er, ing, ed. value + able, er, ing, ed. Lesson 161. Note. — Treat as above. achieve + able, er, ing, ed. desire + able, er, ing, ed, cure + able, er, ing, ed. excuse + able, er, ing, ed. sail + able, er, ing, ed. guide + able, er, ing, ed. 90 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 163. Exceptions to Eule 13. Exception 1. — Words that end in ce or ge retain the final e on adding the suffix able or ous to keep c and ^ soft. change + able = changeable, notice 4- able = noticeable. peace + able = peaceable, service + able = serviceable, mortgage + able = mortgage- able. charge + able = chargeable, storage + able = storageable. outrage + ous = outrageous, courage + ous = courageous, advantage 4- ous = advan- tageous. To the Pupil. — What root words in this lesson may be used both as nouns and verbs ? Ijesson 163. Exception 2. — Words that end in oe or ee retain the final e unless the suffix begins with e. hoe + ing = hoeing. toe + ing = shoe + ing = see + mg = seemg. agree 4- ing = agreeing, free + ing = freeing. Exception 3. — A few words retain e to preserve their identity. smge + mg = smgemg. hinge + ing = hingeing. twinge + ing = twingeing. fringe + ing =fringeing. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 91 Lesson 164. Rjjie 14. — Final y of a primitive word, ivhen preceded hy a consonant, is changed into i on the addition of a suffix, unless the suffix begins with i. happy + er = happier (a.), means more happy, happy + ly = happily (adv.), means in a happy manner, happy + est = happiest (a.), means the most happy, happy 4- ness = happiness (n.), means state of being happy. To the PwpiL — Treat the following words as above. greedy + er, ly, est, ness ; busy + er, ly, est, steady + er, ly, est, ness; lazy + er, ly, est, ness. ness. Lesson 165, envy + ed, ous, es, able; glory + fy, ous, es, ed. victory + 0US, es ; worthy + er, ness, est. fancy + ful, er, ed, es; friendly + er, ly, ness, est. glorify + ing = glorifying. typify + iiig = fypify^^g- modify + ing = modifying. copy + ist = copyist, fancy + ing = fancying, baby + ish = babyish. To the Pupil -Why not change the y to i in the last six words? Give other examples. 92 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 166. Rule \b.—Monosyllahles and words accented on the last syllable, when they end with a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel after qu, double the final con- sonant upon the addition of a suffix beginning with a vowel. rob + er = robber (n.), means one who robs. rob + ing = robbing (pres. p.), means the act of robbing. rob + ed = robbed (p.p.), means having been pkmdered. thin + er, est, ed. annul + ing, ed. glad + en , est, er. control + ing, ed. equip + ing, ed. debar + ing, ed. refer + in g, ed. concur + ing, ed. To the Pupil.— Why is the final consonant not doubled in the following words? prevail prevailed vigor vigorous conceal concealing parallel parallels goad goaded intrepid intrepidity Lessoi a 167. clan — ish unfit — ed unfit — ing allot — ing rag — ed stir — ed stir — ing hem — ed forgot — en occur — ed occur — ing blot — ed fop — ish regret — ed regret — ing spot — ed THE PROGBESSIVE SPELLER. 93 Lesson 168. To the Teacher. — Require the pupil to form a derivative word from each of the following, and tell what rule applies, or why a rule does not apply. See that the derivative is correctly spelled. brace H = sense H = balance H = purchase H = adore H = luxury + Qeremony + melody + fury 4- study + Lesson 169. To the Teacher. — See note ahove. drop + forget 4- sense + refuse '4- acquit + enhance H trace + able trace + ing pin H begin H = trac-able = tracing f- true h lock h perfect h human Lesson 170. h place h chain h coil h patient hope H = man H = boy 4- — shame H 94 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Liesson 171. To the Pupil. — The words of this lesson are frequently mis-spelled. Can you spell them correctlj rl untie intelligent metallic altogether distillery diligently million always military excellent mellow halibut almighty welfare parallel village raillery artillery pillory stolid Lesson 173. Dr. Brewer's Eule for ^e or ei (Eule 16). / before e Except after c Or when sounded like a, As in neighbor and weigh. i before e ( = ^e = e) except after c (sound of c) : relieve priestly seize receive chieftain grievous receipt Qeil tierce piecemeal perQeive conceit fierce shriek deceive seize Or when sounded like a {ei-- = a): neighbor inveigh reindeer rein weigh deign skein heinous THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 95 Ijesson 173. Exceptions to i before e. When ei = e (or e or I), or when ei = % neither heifer forfeit weird height foreign either sleight counterfeit sovereign surfeit financier Lesson 174. per, pur. perform permanent pursue' purview peradventure perdition pursu'ance purloin persuade perspire purport purple persevere pervade purgative purvey perfection perforate purpose pur'gatory proffer gran'ger pilfer stranger Lesson 175, er AND re. infer^ confer' lob'ster scoffer thunder bluster blister psalter acre (aker) mas'sacre lu'cre me'diocre 96 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 176. center or centre meager or meagre saber " sabre theater " theatre somber " sombre fiber " fibre luster " lustre sepul'dier " sep'ulchre Licsson 177. The possessive singular is generally spelled by adding an apostrophe and s ('s) ; while the possessive plural is generally formed by adding the apostrophe only. Singular. Pos. Singular. girl 4- ('s) = girl's. Katie + ('s) = Katie's, day + ('s) = day's. Longfellow + ('s) = Longfel- low's. Singular. Pos. Singular. dollar + ('s) = dollar's, lady + ('s) = lady's, boy + ('s) = boy's. Clark & Co. + ('s) = Clark & Co.'s. Use. The girls' aprons are new. Ten days' work. Two dollars' worth of goods. Those ladies' hats are spoiled. Men's shoes. Children's ways. Mice's claws. Plural. Possessive Plural. girls + (') = girls'. days 4- (') = days'. dollars + (') = dollars', ladies + (') = ladies', men + ('s) = men's, children + ('s) = children's, mice + ('s) = mice's. To the Pupil. —Wv'ite the possessive of woman, women, hahy, babies, fairy, fairies. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 97 Lesson 178. Definition. — Accent is a stress of voice placed upon a particular syllable in a word. Accent is either primary or secondary. In the word in' complete' ^ the first syllable {in') has the secondary or light accent, which is marked with a light inflection mark, thus ' ; and the last syllable {plete'), has the primary or main accent, and is marked with a heavier inflection mark, thus L To the Pupil. — In the following, and in many other words, the accent is on the first syllable when the word is a noun or adjective, and on the second syllable when it is a verb. Use. ab'stract (n.). An abstract of title. ab'stract (adj.). An abstract or vacant stare. abstract' (v.). You may abstract the title. affix (n.). A suffix is sometimes called an affix. affix' (v.). Affix the letter to the word. con'flict (n.). The rebellion of 1861 is called "The Conflict." conflict' (v.). Two ideas may conflict, cem'ent (n.). Cement is a kind of mortar, cement' (v.). Cement the cistern, ex'tract (n.). The extract of lemon is an acid, extract' (v.). Bees extract honey from flowers. 98 THE PliOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 179. To the Pupil. — Learn to use the following words. gal'lant (adj.), brave. gallant' (n.), an escort in'valid (n.), a sick person. invalid (adv.), of no force. mm'ute (n.), sixty seconds. minute' (adj.), very small. per'mit (n.), leave; warrant. permit (v.), to allow. Lesson 180 rec'ord (n.), a register. record' (v.), to register. refuse (n.), worthless re- mains. refuse' (v.), to reject. sur'vey (n.), a view taken. survey' (v.), to view. t5r'ment (n.), a torture. torment' (v.), to torture. pro'test (n.), denial. protest' (v.), assent ; to af- firm. Au'gust (n.), a month. august (v.), grand. Lesson 181. at'tribute (n.), a quality. attrib'ute (v.), to ascribe. con'fine (n.), a boundary. confine' (v.), to shut up. di'gest (n.), a body of laivs. digest' (v.), to dissolve. m'cense (n.), perfume'. incense' (v.), to enrage. in 'lay (n.), a piece of work. inlay' (v.), to ornament. ob'ject (n.), a purpose. object (v.), to oppose. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 99 Lesson 183. To the Pupil. — The size of the type is shown in the name. Copy the punctuation marks. Punctuation. coni'ma . . . sem'icolon. . pe'riod . . . interroga'tion exclama'tion dash .... parenthesis quotation . brackets . . hyphen . . ca'ret . . . apos'trophe Pronounced: iburjois. 2 non-pa-r61'. 3 di -a-mond or diamund Type. great primei English pica small-pica long-primer bourgeois' ^ brevier minion nonpareil'* 9,g'ate pearl dia 'mond ' (ici-lAi Italic full-face CAPITALS SMALL CAPS A 9 Liesson 183. To the Pupil -Ohserve the type in each line. Learn to spell all the words. " An honest man is the noblest work of God." "Great character is as rare a thing as great genius." "True courage will show itself in deeds." "Tarnish not thy good name, neither thy fortune." 100 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 184, 1. lax, loose. lacks, ivants. 2. rote, mere repetition. wrote, did ivrite. 3. slew, did slay. slue, to turn, to turn about. 4. choir, a body of singers. quire, tioenty-four sheets. 5. maze, an hitricate place. maize, Indiati corn. 6. lock, a fastening. loch, a lake. li^sson 185. 1. hied (v.), made haste. hide (v.), to conceal. 2. lapse, to fall. laps, plural of lap. 3. owed, did owe. ode, a song. 4. male, masculine. mail, armor. 5. might, strength, power. mite, a small insect. 6. vice, defect, fault. vise, an instrument. Lesson 186. 2. 3. plate, a dish. plait, to braid. sale, act of selling. sail, of a ship. soared, did soar. sword, a weapon. 5. 6. tacks, small nails. tax, a7i assessment. idle, doing nothing. idol, an image ofivorship. cellar, a room under ground. seller, one ivho sells. To the Teacher. — Require the pupil to use these words in sentences in which their meaning shall be illustrated. THE PUOGBESSIVE Sf'illiEti 103 Lesson 187. Eelating to Arithmetic. m'teger numeration factor fractions m'tegral addition aliquot con'crete figures subtraction multiple compos'ite cipher multiplication root nu'merator digits division - divisor difference island volcano rivulet peninsula o'asis delta language phrase diagram pronoun predicate copula Lesson 188. Eelating to Geography. crater hemisphere longitude latitude water-shed plateau' (pla-to') prairie con'fluence par'allels equa'tor com'merce (n.) commerce' (v.) Lesson 189. Eelating to Grammar. adjectives adverbs singular plural modifier sub'stantive analysis masculine feminine neuter conjunction con'jugate tropics polar ice-berg torrid meridians e'quinox interjection participle complement relative objective subjec'tive W9. fllE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER, Lesson 190. Eelating to Physiology. nostril vertebrae fibril tongue phalanges trachea muscles sali'va carpus uhia voluntary la'rynx metacarpus radius liver auricle spinal femur mineral ventricles Lesson 191. Relating to Occupation. farming agriculture weaving teaming mining grazing hauling merchandising shoe -making milling rowing printing preaching fishing ship-building black-smithing teaching sporting teleg'raphv banking tailoring trapping stenog'raphy butchering Lesson 193. Relating TO Geography. Bangor Rome Chili Alleghany Sacramento Odessa Venezuela Himalaya Dallas Merrimac Russia Scandinavian Cologne Missouri Portugal Gibraltar Versailles Rhine Hindoostan Yucatan Niag'ara Yosem'ite Cincinnati Yu'kon THE PBOGREStilVE SPELLER. 103 Lesson 193. Military Terms. captain ammunition recruit tomahawk colonel battalion maneuver arsenal major regiment campaign redoubt' sergeant platoon company breast-work lieutenant naval militia barrack liesson 194. Eelating to Medicine. morphine qui'nine glycerine pStash strychnine ipecac paregoric sassafras alcohol camphor rhubarb arnica arsenic iodine ammonia sarsapariila laudanum sulphur calomel magnesia ■ehlo'roform opiate narcotic antimony Lesson 195. Diseases. measles hysterics croup pneumonia scrofula neuralgia palsy dyspepsia asthma paralysis scurvy diphtheria catarrh rheumatism typhus erysip'elas. pleurisy jaun'dice scarlatina small'pox cancer gout dysentery hydropho'bia 104 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Liesson 196. Relating to Botany. corolla sepal corona heliotrope calyx pollen ovary ziza'nia stamen stigma ovule fuch'sia pistil anther placenta hydrangea petal filament hy'acinth dahlia Lesson 197. Names of Animals. opossum zebra raccoon leopard armadillo porcupine alligator gorilla elephant jaguar' wolverine' mosquito chimpanzee terrier rhinoceros beetle weasel giraffe Ihima pheasant Note — Spell the plurals of the words in Lesson 197. Lesson 198. rap, to strike. wrap, to cover. mote, a particle of matter. moat, a ditch or trench. lain, p.p. of lie. lane, a narrow passage. mean, contemptible. mien, appearance. peal, a loud sound. peel, to p)are. laid, did lay. lade, to load. bail, surety. bale, a quantity or package. waste, desolate. waist, part of the body. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 105 1. troop, a collection of people. troupe, of players. tear, water from the eye. tier, a row. vial, a small bottle. viol, a musical instru- Tnent. 2. 3. Lesson 199. 4. sailor, a man who sails. sailer, a thing that sails. 5. miner, a ivorker in mines. minor, one under age. 6. bridle, for a horse. bridal, belonging to a bride. Lesson 200. cricket pupa shrimp prawn earwig caterpillar crabs sand'-floa gnat larva craw-fish trilobite locust chrysalis barnacle Cyclops grass-liopper maggot ocypodian daphnia Lesson 201. To the Pupil — Form sentences using the following words. famous renowned celebrated notorious frightful extravagant ferocious terrible fearful awful lavish profuse prodigious fierce barbarous savage 106 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 202. 1. rays, of light. raise, to lift up. raze, to pull doivn. 2. purl, the 7nurmur of a brook. pearl, a precious sub- stance. 3. seen, beheld. scene, a view. seine, a net as for fish. 2. 3. 4. 4. soul, a spirit. sole, only, bottom of the foot. 5. steal, to take without right. steel, hardened iron. 6. ton, 2000 pounds. tun, a large cofk. 7. loan, an amount lent. lone, without company. To the Pupil. — Fnt the right word iu the right place. 1. The army will the fort to the ground. of light radiate from the luminous point. We that which is fallen. It is useless to cast before swine. The setting sun presents a beautiful . Have you ever the fisherman using the ? What will it profit a man if he gain the whole world but lose his own ? The child was the The thief will heir to the estate. the horse. is a most useful Ship the of butter in a me a large sum of money. We left the man in the wood. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 107 Lesson 203. 1. pole, a long stick. poll, the head. Poll, a parrot. 2. team, a span. teem, to he full of. 3. metal, iron, gold, etc. mettle, spirit, courage. 4. marshal, an officer. martial, war-like. martial (v.), to arrange. 5. stair, a flight of .steps. stare, to gaze at. 6. tide, the flow of the sea. tied, did tie. To the Fupil.—'Pnt the right word in the right place. 1. If the flag is attached to a long , it will flutter in the breeze. A tax is a tax levied by the head. 2. The took charge of the prisoner. music thrills the heart of an old soldier. 3. Horses should not display too much . Machinery is manufactured largely from . 4. Rivers of North America with fish. See ! what a fine of horses that man is driving. 5. '' The way into my parlor is up a winding ." It is ill-manners to at people. 6. Wait for the turn of the . The fisherman his boat to the shore. 108 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Ijesson 304. 1. flew, did fly. flue, a chimney. 2. dying, ex^nring. dyeing, coloring. 3. need, to require. knead, to work dough. 4. key, to lock. quay, a ivharf. 5. main, principal. mane, of an animal. 6. him, a pronoun. hymn, a song. To the PiipiL — Fut the right word in the right place. 1. A little chim'ney-swal'low built its nest in the . The eagle carried the child in its talons as it away to its aerie. 2. The old year is slowly . The of cloth enhances its value. 3. The of a more substantial form of government was felt by our forefathers. The baker will the dough. A traveler lost his on the . 4. 5. The orator stated his reasons distinctly, and without fear of contradiction. The enraged lion shook his shaggy We requested — Republic. — in defiance, to sing the Battle of the THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 109 Lesson 205. Review. 1. I heard (6-204) sing a (6-204). 2. A (4-204) to fortune is not always a key to hap- piness. 3. I found a (2-202), a perfect gem, the like of which I had never seen. 4-. Earth, air, and sky (2-203) with beauty which we mortals do not always see. 5. We (1-202) our eyes to Heaven and behold the (1-202) of the great sun as they come to change darkness into light. 6. Time and (6-203) wait for no man. 7. A (4-202) hope sometimes keeps the (4-202, afloat. Be hopeful and persevere. 8. (7-202) what is your own, not that which is another's. 9. (7-202) and weary, he sought a quiet spot for rest and meditation. 10. Have you ever (3-202) the splendor of a moun- tain (3-202)? 11. Put a (6-199) on your temper before you put on a (6-199) garb. Note.— The first figure or number in each parenthesis refers to the number of the word, and the second number is the number of the lesson in which the word to be reviewed and inserted may be found. 110 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 206. ar, er, or, {=^ur). beggar wearer donor believer mortar stagger debtor surveyor calendar courier liquor similar jocular grocer languor visitor tubular ledger conqueror preceptor Lesson 207. able, ible. visible tamable receivable advisable suitable plausible creditable admissible eatable possible feasible irritable flexible salable assailable discern'ible laudable pitiable inflammable acceptable Lesson 208. ise, ize, yze. analyze advertise' neti'tralize baptize '^ idolize capsize me.r'chandise arise au'thorize cat'echise solemnize CIV 'il ize paralyze sat'yrize fertilize theorize criticise en'terprise sympathize •memorize Note. — Renuire definitions to the words of tlie lessons on this page. THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER, 111 Lesson 309. a, e, OR i. gayety verify citadel rarity rarefy celebrate separate expiate malady remedy salary vanity stupefy terrify prodigy nutriment supplement ornament lineament implement liesson 210. ain, in, ine. famine fountain villain moccasin cabin intes'tine bulletin jave'lin libertine urchin clandestine murrain sanguine firkin chieftain predes'tine determine ermine doctrine imagine liesson 211. ary, ery, ory. contrary drudgery savory beggary cemetery seminary territory drapery mercenary slippery customary perfumery promissory obituary compulsory presbytery commentary chicanery millinery anniver'sary iVoie.— Require definitions to the words of each lesson on this page. 112 THE PUOGBEtiSirE SPELLMB. Ijesson 212. 1. seam, of a garment. 4. altar, a place of sacrifice. seem, to appear. alter, to change. 2. plain, simple ; level 5. session, the sitting of an ground. ^ asseinbly. plane, a tool; level surface. cession, act of giviiig. 3. peer, an equal; nohleman. 6. collar, for the neck. pier, a sup)p)ort. choler, anger. 1. It ed that the was a very strong one. 2. Be , but not rude, in speech. the board until it is a A may be arid, or it may be fertile. 3. There are but few men who have not their - Iron s strengthened the bridge. 4. That is a devoted man who kneels at yonder If your language be incorrect, it. 5. The of land was made at the last — Congress. 6. Control your temper, and do not display A is for the neck. of Definition. — Antonyms are words having opposite meanings, as — equal — unequal, sitting — standing, appear — disappear. active — inactive, from — to. join — disjoin. TBE PROGRESSIVE SPELLEU. 113 Lesson 213. 1. canvas, coarse linen cloth. canvass, to examine. 2. gambol, to fi^olic. gamble, to play for money . 3. barren, unfruitful. baron, a nohle. 4. currant, a fruit. current, of a stream. 5. pain, suffering. pane, of glass. 6. mantel, a chimney-piece. mantle, a cloak. 1. A tent is made of heavy It is well to thoroughly a difficult question, before passing judgment upon it. 2. Never . A fish may in the water. 3. There is no one entirely of good deeds. In days of old, s held their sway. 4. The Gulf Stream is the largest oceanic . 5. is often a blessing in disguise. 6. Snow is winter's sable . rattle jabber cackle jyrofe.— Write antonyms of the following words. cheat fraud deceit 114 THE phogressive sp^lleu. liGSSon 214, 1. manner, /orm ; way. manor, a district. 2. mist, fine rain. missed, did miss. 3. taper, a wax candle. taper, to narroiv to a point. tapir, an animal. 4. ip3i\site, roof of the mouth. pallet, a small bed. palette, a^i instrument used hy an artist. 5. prophet, one who foretells. profit, gain. 6. peddle, to sell. pedal, of a piano. 1. The parishioner's manner tended to attach him to the people of his . 2. Fog and are quite common along the Pacific coast. 3. The weird burning of the cast a ghostly ap- pearance on the surroundings. 4. A is made by placing blankets upon the floor. A cot is not a pallet. 5. The hope of is a great incentive to action. Note 1. — The pupil will form additional sentences, using words in this lesson. Note 2, — Give antonyms to the following synonyms. gonial warm cordial merry festive desperate wild daring audacious reckless TtiE PROGBESSIVE SPELL^n. 115 Lesson 315. 1. 2. 3. accede, to comply ivith. exceed, to go beyond. affect', to act upon. effect, to accomplish. ballet, a song. ballot, a voting ticket. 4. dose, a quantity. doze, to droivse. 5. dai'ry, a milk-house. di'ary, a daily register. 6. gesture, an action. jester, one who jests. 1. cheerfully to what is right, but oppose strenu- ously what is wrong. A good financier will not permit his expenses to his income. 2. A change in temperature will a barometer. Kind words have good . 3. Intelligence should be the qualification for the cast- ing of a . 4. A is an unsound sleep. 5. Do not confuse the word dairy with the word . (See definition above.) Note l.-Give some of the different meanings and applications of the following words. body mind disquietude peace substance spii anxiety / pacification mass soul uneasiness assurance whole individual apprehension calmness 116 THE PBOGBE^SIVE SPELLER. Lesson 216. Eeview. 1. Form sentences, using the words pier and peer (Lesson 212). Form sentences, using the words collar and choler (Lesson 212). Form sentences, using the words current and currant (Lesson 213). 2. What is the meaning of the suffixes ar, er, or? 3. Analyze the words debtor, courier, tubular. 4. Define mist and missed. Form sentences using these words. 5. Define suffix. Define prefix. 6. Define synonyms ; antonyms. 7. What does able mean ? Ilhistrate. 8. Define 7ieed and knead. 9. How is the word seine pronounced ? 10. Form a sentence, using the word team. 11. What is accent ? How is the secondary accent marked ? 12. Define the words him and hymn. 13. Give a synonym of the word manner. 14. Give the name of each of the following diacritical marks : -, ^, -. 15. What is meant by the expression, keeping a dairy? 16. What is meant by the expression, keeinng a diary? TitE PUOGRESSIVE SPELLER. 117 Lesson 217. To the Teacher. — Require the pupil to define each word. abridge an'cestry artery admission austere' al'kaline ambrosia adviser acquire asterisk adven'ture amicable angelic architect ap'erture armory abolish ar'mistice auda'cious aqueduct disobey' discipline delicate deci'sive Lesson 218. bal'ustrade bar'rier brunette' brindle beverage bi'sect blaspheme' burlesque bondage barbar'ic bot'any brutally basement barricade' boundary brokera^ge blockade' brig'and brandish bribery develop dungeon delirious diplo'ma Lesson 219. cologne charity criticism capacity campaign canopy convent cessa'tion consider crystal conquer creation carbonic currency censure crusader cannibal coronet clerical cer'ebrum delicious dis'course diligence dram'atist duteous diam'eter diagonal di'alogue 118 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 220. To the Pupil — Vse the right word in the right place. rein. You can — your horse if it should — . rain. lain. He had just — down in the narrow — . lane. knight. The left in the night. heard. I — a — of cattle passing by. herd. wait. — and I will tell you your . weight. seller. The wine — lived in a — . cellar. alter. They propose to — the place of the — . altar. pale. The — maid brought the — of milk. pail. main. The — beauty of the horse is his long — . mane. bear. I cannot — to go with — hands. Lesson 221. bare. climb. In summer we will — to a cooler — . clime. flee. Any one would — from a — . flea. flew. The cinder — from the open — . flue. maid. The a bad mistake. made. hare. The — has a coat of soft brown — . hair. hie. Let us — away to the — hills. high. ate. He plums. eight. need. You — not — the bread so much. knead. key. The — of the boat is at the — . quay. haul. We must — the timber to build the — . hall. THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLEIi. 119 Lesson 222. er, ir, ur, our. circuit vernal circular surloin terminate fervor further mermaid girdle mercury journeyman circumspect pervious cursory ' girder version nurture firmament adjourn interpret Lesson 223. cal, de, Me. particle logical sprinkle icicle grammatical recip'rocal alphabetical satirical whimsical tragical physical freckle hysterical chronicle receptacle vehicle obstacle surgical numerical histor'ical Lesson 224. cious, tious. rapacious flagitious ferocious fractious capacious officious atrocious licentious vicious inflectious tenacious ambitious gracious pernicious judicious vexatious suspicious vivacious nutritious ostentatious Note. — Define the words on this page. 120 THE PBOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 225, time (n.), a period. thyme (n.), a plant. Venus (n.), a p)lcinet. venous [aid]. ),relating to veins. board (n.), a plank. bored (v.), did hore. naughty (adj.), ill-hred. knotty (adj.), having knots. better (adj.), superior. bettor (n.), one who hets. rigor (n.), severity. rigger (n.), one who rigs. fairy (n.), an imaginary heing. ferry (v.), act of crossing a stream hy ferry. islet (n.), a small island. eyelet (n.), a hole for a lace. liar (n.), one who tells lies. lyre (n.), a musical instru- ment. pillar (n.), a column. pillow (n.), a cushion. Lesson 236. more (adj.), a greater number. mower (n.), one who mows. prier (n.), one who pries. prior (adj.), previous. sucker (n.), a kind of fish. succor (n.), aid; help. radish (n.), a vegetable. reddish (adj.), partaking of red. castor (n.), the beaver. caster (n.), one who casts. plaintiff (n.), a party at law- plaintive (adj.), mournful. genus (n.), class. genius (n.), mental gift. fisher (n.), one who fishes. fissure (n.), a chasm. populace (n.), the people. populous (adj.),/w/Z of peo- ple. berry (n.), a fruit. bury (v.), ^0 cover with earth. THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLER. 121 Lesson 237. incite' (v.), to stir up. m 'sight (ii.)j a deep vieiv. ex'tant (v.), 7iow existing. extent' (n.), space; size. fre'quent (adj.), occurring often. frequent' (v.), to visit often. com'pact (n.), an agreement. compact' (adj.), ^rm; solid. in'crease (n.), growth. increase' (v.), to grow greater. su'pine (n.), a kind of noun. supine' (adj.), lying on the lack. incite'. in'sight. extent'. ex'tant. com'pact compact'. frequent'. fre'quent. increase'. in'crease. su'pine. supine'. Lesson 228. To the Pupil. — Insert the proper word. The teacher should her pupils to take a deeper of their lessons. Peculiar ideas of the of the continent ^yere in the time of Columbus. The judge ordered that the be made in one body. To the place of amusement was his desire. If ^e workingmen's wages, there should be a great in work. Xhe is not recognized by all gramma- rians. The bones of the arm are arranged so as to ^llow a position of the hand. 122 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 339. To the Teacher. — Require the pupil to define each word in this lesson. enno'ble edify emperor evap'orate establish epicure ethical equation ed'ucate epitaph evac'uate expiring ebony emphasis ejac'ulate expanded exodus emigrant eman'cipate engraver Lesson 330. Arithmetic. recip'rocal perimeter hypot'enuse alter'nate insur'ance trap'ezoid evolu'tion radical advalorem trapez'ium involution diagonal perpendicular rhombus specific scalene expo'nent polygon horizon'tal equilateral Lesson 231. (See note, Lesson 229.) fanatic fortitude frivolous fiscal fantastic fragrancy forbade' friistrum factory florid faucet foreigner fiftieth fanciful forfeiture flexible fortify fer'rule (ferril) fune'real feasible forgery felony fugitive feoff (fef) THE PliOGRESSlVE SPELLER. 123 Lesson 33^. To the Teacher. — Require the pupil to form, define, and use derivatives, using the root word and the prefixes and suffixes given below. per, con, trans, in, re, de +/orm + ity, al, ance, ed. Examples : con + form = conform, means . f orm + al + ity = formality, means . Ijesson 233. Facio {Factum), to do ok make (Latin). Roots : fact, feet, ficient. bene, male, satis +/ac^ + ion, or Example : bene + fact + ion = benefaction, means af, ef, de, in, per, mi+ feet = . Example: af + feet = affect, means . ef , de, pro -\-fieient = • Example: de 4- ficient = deficient, means . Pello (Pulsum), to drive (Latin). EooTS : pel, pids. ex, im, com, re, pro, dis+pe/= • Example: com + pel = compel, means -. ex, com, re, pro +pi^?s + ion, sion, ory, ive= • Example : com + puis + ion = compulsion, means . 124 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson ^34. begin' beginning brag bragging appall appalling chat chatting admit admittance snap snappish abhor abhorrence thick thickest propel propelling twit twitting Liesson ^35. policy policies robbery robberies vacancy vacancies factory factories tendency tendencies century centuries faculty faculties agency agencies fishery fisheries cavity cavities Lessoi] I 236. When the singular ends in o preceded by a vowelj add s to form the plural. studio studio§ tattoo' tattoo§ ratio ratio§ cam'eo cameo§ seraglio seraglio§ kangaroo kangaroos cuckoo cuckoog imbrogl'io imbroglios folio folios punctilio punctilios To the Teacher. — Require the pupil to mark the sounds of the principal vowels in these lessons ; also to define the derivative words. THE PliOGRESSlVE SPELLER. 125 Lesson 337. To the Pupi l. — Bo not say amenable for amenable bed-stid for bed'-stead a nuther a another ben a been (bin) apparatus iC apparatus blev a believe ara'bic (6 ar'abic biv'ouack a biv'ouac (bivwack) are'a U a'rea biog'raphy a biog'raphy ar'row ii ar'row blasphe'mous " bla'sphemous a'kurn ii acorn bunnet a bonnet ac'climate U accli'mate bana'na a bana'na abste'mious (.(. abste'mious bade a bade ab'domen ii abdo'men Lessc balm m 238. a balm chlo'ride for chlo'ride -eommu'nist for -eom'munist civl a civ'il compar'able a com'parable kolume a col'umn comprom'ise a com'promise combat'ant kech car'bene kamly kaw'fin kaw'fee a a a a a a (colum) com'batant catch car'bme calm'ly coffin coffee con'dolence kawst cul'inary conver'sant complas'ance kortesy a a a a a condo'lence cost cu'linary con'versant com'plasance courtesy' (kurtesy) krik a creek kupol'o a cu'pola To the Pupil. - -Practice these words u ntil familiar with the proper pronunciation. 126 THE PBOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Ijesson 239. Pono (Positum), to lay, put, or place (Latin). EooTS : pon, pose, posit. (See Direction, page 123.) com, de, post, op, ex -{-po7i + ent = . Example : com + pon + ent = component, means im, com, juxta, dis, pre, pro -\- posit + ion = - Example : juxta + posit + ion = juxtaposition, means . Ijesson 340. Mitto OR Missum, to send (Latin). Roots : mit, mise, miss. (See Direction, Lesson 232.) ad, con, per, sub, re, inter + mz^=^ Example : ad + mit = admit, means . sur, pre, pro + mzse== . Example : pro + mise = promise, means . re, inter, e, per, com, ad 4- m^ss + ion, ive, ile, ary. Examples : per + miss + ion = permission, means com + miss + ary = commissary, means, — miss + ion = mission, means . THE PROGBESSIVE SPELLER. 127 L-esson 241. heirless hydrant harangue hectic hdr'tative heroic harlequin hilarity hobby harmonic hardihood hor'ticulture havoc heighten hostile hermitage haggard highland harmonize halibut Lesson 242. machi'nist surgeon instructor hostler mechanic politician apoth'ecary huckster plasterer attorney photog'rapher carrier dairy-man shepherd upholsterer book-binder physician solicitor compositor cobbler Lesson 243. inflame ivory indSr'ser Ignoramus invent issuance itinerant isotherm intrinsic im'agery ital'ic im'becile impos'tor m'digo m'terlude illus'trate im'piilse in'stigate irrational ignit'able Lesson 244. etymology paradigm exclamatory metaphor auxiliary synopsis subordinate simile pleonasm paragraph superlative transitive synthesis descriptive subjunctive declension ellipsis declarative copulative modification 128 THE PBOGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 245. Corpus {Corporis), the body (Latin). Eoot: corpor (corpus, through corpulentus, Fleshy). (See Direction, page 123.) in + co7;por + al, ate, ion, cle. Example : corpus + cle = corpuscle, means . Example Example Doceo (doctum), to teach (Latin). EooTS : doc, doct. 6Zoc + ile, ty. doc + ile= , means . doct -\- or (n.), ine, al. doct + (r)in(e) + al = , means Fl^io (Jiuxum)^ TO flow (Latin). KooTS : Jiu, flux. af, con, super +^i^ + ency, id, ent, ence, ous. Examples : con + flu + ence = , means . in -\- flux = , means . PeVlo (pulsum), to drive (Latin). Roots : pel and puis. com, im, ex, re, pro, dis+ pel = . Analyze : compulsion, expulsion, repulsive, impulsive, compulsory. THE PROGRt:SStVi: SPELLER. 129 Liesson 246. Moneo (Motum), to move (Latin). (See Direction, Lesson 232.) re + mo?;e + able, ment. Example: re + move = remove, means . e, com, pro + moi + ion, ive. Example : e + mot 4- ion = emotion, means . ■•i Lesson 347. Pes {pedus), a foot (Latin). Root : ped. bi, qnadru, ex, im+ped-^sl, er, ite, ion, (i)ment. Example : ex + ped + ite = , means . Eo (itum), TO GO (Latin). Eoot: it, amb, in, sed, trans + lY + ion, al, ete, ory. Example : in + it + (i)al = , means . Curro (cursum), to run (Latin). Roots : curr, curs. cwrr + ent, ency, ex, in, pre 4- cwrs + ion, or, ory. Example : pre + curs + ory = - 130 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 348. • PnOifOUNCED. da'ta not data dilap'idate not dilapidate dec'ade a de'cade dimen'sion ' ' dimen'sion decrep'it u decrepid disarm' ' ' disarm' deficit i( defiQ'it disaster ' ' disas'ter direct' a direct' dis'dain ' ' disdain' diplom'a a diplom'a divest' ' ' divest designate i( dez'ignate dog ' dawg des'picable a despic'able domain' ' ' do 'main didac'tic a didac'tic d IS 'put ant ' ' dispii'tant digres'sion a digres'sion Lessoii diic'at ' i 24t9. ' dticat ener'vate not en'ervate fav'orite not fav'orite en'gme a enjine' femin'ine " feminine Engross' a engross' flor'id florid Europe 'an a Etiro'pean forbade' " forbade' exalt a exalt' forget' "• forgit exam 'pie 6C exam'ple figu're " figiir exec'utive 6i execii'tive fragile fragile extol" a extol' fet'id fet'id ex'tra a ex'try faucet " fassit eyrie (airy) a eyrie finance' " fi'nance THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 131 Lesson 250. 1. beauj an escort. bow, something for shoot- ing arrows. 2. yoke, for the neck. yolk, of an egg. 3. mete, to measure. meat, animal flesh. meet, to come together. 4. bough, branch of a tree. bow, to bend. 5. please, to gratify. pleas, excuses, appeals. 6. toled, allured. told, did tell. tolled, did toll. 1. A gallant will protect the lady he escorts. The gentleman received the with a bow. 2. The ox toils under a . The was larger than I had supposed it to be. 3. Be polite to all you . It is sometimes better to show mercy than to out justice to the offender. is not always a healthy diet. 4. A polite is easily made, and may as easily make a friend. The of the mistletoe is emblematic. 5. The attorney's for the criminal were very just. It is proper to make due effort to our friends. 6. The bells all , and we were the President was dead. Many a bird has been into a trap. 132 THE PROGBESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 251. 1. hist, hush/ hissed, did hiss. 2. faun, a sylvan god. fawn, a young deer. 3. pride, vanity. pried, did pry. 4. wain, a wagon. wane, to decrease. 5. adds, joins to. adz, a tool. 6. bad, not good. bade, past tense of hid. 1. The speaker was when he denounced his country. ! hark ! footsteps approach ! something goes wrong. 2. Note carefully the difference in the spelling of , a young deer, and , a sylvan god. 3. " is the never-failing voice of fools." I could not respect the man after I found he had wantonly into my private affairs. 4. Did you ever help to load the harvest with the golden wheat ? Our love for the right should never . 5. An is a tool used in carpentry. The teacher more accurately than the student. 6. A man wall do harm in the world instead of good. An obedient child will do as it is . THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 133 Liesson 252, specify signify sanguinary secretary seminary satisfactory satiety society sobriety stimulant settlement semblance stencil stratagem strategy sphinx suspension rescind restaurant reconnoiter reticence rhapsody ' referee' recommend' recu'perate For a Spelling-Match. Lesson 253. re'quiem recur'rence distinguish discrimina'tion density denizen despotism democrat dev'astate doctrine dogmat'ical locality liquidate loquaQity legality literature legislature logi'cian li'beler laughable legible lenient li-ehen ludicrous lam'entable Lesson 254:, in'teresting impotent imper'il in tin 'date irrep'arable irrev'ocable mdis'soluble inex'orable inex'plicable * improvise' ir'rigate mm'iature muleteer' mausole'ura mis'tletoe mystical ma^aro'ni meer'schaum mar'riage mo-e'-easin mystify main'tenance mermaid medley manufac'ture 134 THE PBOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Iiesson 255. refusal resplen'dent redun'dant receiver reg'icide rig'orous rec'ompense ra'diance retal'iate rapaQ'ity ra'diator resuscitate rever'berate rean'imate recus'ant typ'ify tolera'tion trepida'tion testa'tion tem'perature treas'urership tyr'anny transgression tormen'tor transcend 'ent FoK A Spelling-Match. Ijesson 256, transfig'ure transatlan'tic tran§fus'ible tran'sitory pursti'ant peru'sal promo 'tive piin'ishment pan'tomime patronize par'allax par'aplirase perigee procras'tinate prevar'icate pleas'urable prepara'tion mi'gratory nullify neu'tralize nocturnal notori'ety nau'tical neces'sity nau'seous Lesson 257. el'igible elu'cidate ellip'tical embellish em'bryo enam'or enroll'ment e'quipoise equiv'alence erratic exag'gerate ex'cellence explic'it ex'tirpate exten'sion dimen'sion differen'tial discern 'ment disconcert' discoun'tenance domineer'ing duplic'ity dul'cet disso'ciate blameless THE PB0GBES8IVE SPELLER. ibD liesson ^58. baffle bag'gage bailiff bal'derdash balear'ic balloon' banda'la bechance' befall' beginning bien'nial bilat'eral bissex'tile bitu'minous bla'tant blue 'bottle boaconstrict'or bob'bin bol'ster bomb (bum) bombard' (v.) bombas'tic boom'erang bowie-knife bow'man For a Spelling-Match. Lesson 259, Qel'lular gem'etery ' Qen'tenary gentrip'etal - Qeph'alopod certificate chagrin' challenge •chame'leon chan'celior change 'able charge 'able chieftain chinchil'la Chinese' -ehirog'raphy -ehirur'gery gmcho'na 9inera'tion Qin'nabar Qir'cle -class 'ical » ■class 'mate ■elav'icle -cleanse' Lesson ^60. ea'gel ebulli'tion a «gf) eboH'tion (^Tul^'"« e-e-eentric'ity e-e-elesias'tical e-elipse' e-elogue (ek-iog) e-e'stasy e-e'type eden'tate ed'ible ed'ifice effic'iency effront'ery efflores'^enge Egyp'tian ei'der-down eighteen' elapse' ele-etrig'ity ele-e'trotype ellip'soid elys'ium (eirzhum) el'zevir ema^'erate 136 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. Lesson 361. heliotrope hem'orrhage hep'tagon hereditary her'esy hermetically her'ring hesperldes Hes'sian hesitancy hexam'eter hi'bernate hi-e'-eough (kup) hid'den hieroglyphic hireling hob'ble hoe'cake Holland horn 'age home-made homicide hom'onym homol'ogous hom'ot~pe For a Spelling-Match. Lesson 362. obe'dience ob'elisk objur'gate obligatory obli'gingly oblique' (obleek) oblo^'utor ob'or'ate ob'sequy obger'vant ob'stinacy obtuse' o-e'^upier o-e'-eupy o^'tag'onal o-e'ulist o'dorant odoriferous offense' olymp'iad om'inous « omnis'cient onerary op'erate oppos'able Lesson 263. name 'sake nar'rowness , no'tional nau'seate nau'tiliis neges'sitate ne-erop'olis ne-e'tar neural 'gia ni-ehe (nick) nig 'gar d ni'hilism nomad'ic nomen^la'ture non'sense no'tice nu'-eleiis wearisome jeop'ardy jos'tle (josle) ju'bilant ju'gular judiQlary junct'ure zeal'ot THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 18' Lesson 364. A Lesson on Synonyms. thicken, solidify, condense, becloud, befoul, obscure, commingle, amalgamate, enlarge, extend, expand, coagulate. Clouds . Water will and steam Metals . Iron will , and in that way it will enlarge and become thicker, and when people commingle, or assemble in a crowd, they thicken in the sense of becoming more numerous in one locality. Direction. — Jjet the pupil give other words, examples, and illustrations. Lesson 365. A Lesson on Synonyms. turn (verb), to spin round, deflect, revolve, rotate, devi- ate, incline, convert, metamorphose, change. turn (noun), a bend, deflection, curve, deed, gift, ten- dency, fashion, revolution. Turn, , , or the wheel. Do not from the path of right. We iron into steel. In traveling, we often come to a , , or m the road. One may be of a sober turn of mind, may have a gift for, or tendency toward, mathematics. 138 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER Lesson 366. To the Pupil. — Do not say deb'uty for dep'uty laf for laugh domiQile " dom'icile l^nch -' launch diin'key '' don'key len'ient •' le'nient dramat'ist " dram'atist sassy ' ' saucy de 'strict " dis'trict sas'sage ' sausage enjine " en'gme re'cess ' recess' fur " far repar'able ' ' rSp'arable fe'tid " fet'id preced'ence '' preced'ence hostile " hos'tile pizen ' poison hydropath'y " hydrop'athy orde'al '' or'deal om'age " hom'age op'ponent '' oppo'nent Give diacritical marking, the accent, correctly pro- nounce and define : Lesson 367. Lesson 368. Lesson 269. railery vehemence tyrannic rational vaccinate transparent parent versatile Uranus patriotic vineyard homestead narrate suffice chocolate monad sudden clapboard mustache tableau pumpkin robust toward contumely romance yesterday different piano stam] 3 disfranchise THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER. 139 Lesson 270. A Lesson on Synonyms. ■Qiicover, reveal, divest, strip, lay bare. We or a tree of its leaves. Facts are ed to the understanding. expand unfold scrutinize inspect overhaul explore develop spread investigate enlarge examine search We scrutinize that which we question, and investigate that which we do not understand. To the Teacher. — Let the pupil give the difference hetween "overhaul" and "explore"; between "search" and "inspect." Lesson 371. Synonyms. Antonyms. Synonyms. Antonyms. certain uncertain familiar unaccustomed true untrue common rare sure doubtful intimate . unfamiliar unfailing failing new old positive hesitatingly well-acquainted unacquainted assured questionable ordinary inordinary defective correct open closed imperfect perfect accessible barred deficient ample public private incomplete complete unreserved reserved 140 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLER Lesson 2112. To the Pupil. — Lieavn to spell and use the following words. 1. adherence (v.), a cling- ing to. adherents (n.), those ivJio cling to. 2. assistance (n.), help. assistants (n.), helpers. 3. advi§e' (v.), to give coun- sel. advice (n.), counsel. 4. attendange (n.), pres- ence. attendants (n.), those ivho attend. 5. invade (v.), to enter hy force. inveighed (n.), reproved. 6. better (adj.), superior. better {n.),one ivho hets. 7. counsel (v.), to advise tvith. council (n.), a deliber- ate assembly. 8. command (v.), to order. command (n.), aii order given. commend (v.), to praise. 9. les'son (n.), a task. lessen (v.), to make less. 10. way (n.)j a method; a direction. weigh (v.), to determine the iveight. Lesson 273 To the Pupil. — Do not say can'died for can'did synod " synod in'trust ^' m'terest inte'gral " m'tegral irrational " irrational do'cile for doc'ile aw'fice '' office mu'geum " muse'um teny '' tiny tena'ceous " tena'cious THE PROGBESSIVE SPELLER. 141 RULES COLLECTED. Rule 1, p. 11. — Begin each sentence with a capital letter. " 2, " 12. — End each question sentence with a question mark. " 3, " 16. — Begin each proper name with a capital letter. " 4, " 18. — Use an exclamation point ( ! ) after an exclaiming sentence. a 5^ u 21. — Use a hyphen (-) between the parts of a compound word. " 6, " 23. — Enclose the words of another in quota- tion marks ( " " ). « 7^ " 36. — An apostrophe (') denotes an omis- sion or that there has been a con- traction. u g^ a 66. — All proper adjectives (words derived from proper names) should begin with capital letters. a 9^ " 68. — Most abbreviations should begin with a capital letter, and they all should be followed by a period. '' 10, " 75. — The plural of nouns ending in y pre- ceded by a consonant is usually formed by changing y into i and adding es. 142 THE PBOGBESSIVE SPELLER. Rule 11, p. 75. — Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals in the usual way, by adding s to the singular. " 12, " 76. — The plural of most nouns ending in / or fe is formed by changing / into V and adding es. ^^ 13, " 89. — Final 6; of a primitive word is dropped when a suffix is added that begins with a vowel. Exceptions to Rule 13 (see p. 90). Exception 1. — Words that end in ce or ge retain the e on adding the suffix able or ous, to keep c and g soft. " 2. — Words that end in oe and ee retain the final 6 unless the suffix begins with e. " 3. — A few words retain final e to preserve their identity. Rule 14, p. 91. — Final ?/ of a primitive word, when pre- ceded by a consonant, is changed into i on the addition of a suffix, unless the suffix begins with i. " 15, " 92. — Monosyllables and words accented on the last syllable, when they end with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel after qu, double the final consonant upon the addition of a suffix begin- ning with a voweL Hnglish Language. Hyde's Lessons in English, Book I. For the lower grades. 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