UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 CORRECTED REPORT, 
 
 Sft. 4-c. 
 
 90 8 2
 
 CORRECTED REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RIGHT HON. GEORGE CANNING, 
 
 IN 
 
 THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, 
 
 On TUESDAY, MAY 6th. 
 
 OS 
 
 MR. LAMBTON'S MOTION, 
 
 FOR 
 
 A CENSURE 
 
 Mr. CANNING'S EMBASSY TO LISBON. 
 
 LONDON: 
 JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 
 
 1817.
 
 Printed by Vf. CLOWES, Nrthumberlaud-curt, Strand, Londo.
 
 
 ri 
 
 CORRECTED REPORT 
 
 -J OF 
 
 MR. CANNINGS SPEECH, 
 
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 ce 
 
 -s: 
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 CD 
 
 ON 
 
 THE MOTION FOR A CENSURE ON HIS EMBASSY TO 
 
 LISBON. 
 
 AFTER the speech of Admiral Sir John Beresford, 
 there was a considerable pause in the House, Sir Francis 
 Burdett alone having spoken in support of Mr. Lambton's 
 Motion. At length, no other Member offering himself, and 
 the Question being about to be put from the Chair, Mr. 
 5? Canning rose, and spoke nearly as follows : 
 
 CO 
 
 c? 
 
 =3 OlR, 
 
 Upon a question which, however 
 disguised in form, I cannot but feel, in common 
 with every Member who hears me, in common 
 with the Hon. Mover of the Resolutions, and in 
 common with the Hon. Baronet, who has fairly 
 stated the real object in view, to be an at- 
 ^ tack directed against me individually, I trust 
 | I shall not be considered as having shewn any 
 blameable reluctance in pausing before I offered 
 
 301302
 
 myself to the attention of the House. Sir, 1 
 could not bring myself to believe, that, in the 
 two speeches of the Hon. Mover and the Hon. 
 Baronet, I had heard the whole of what is to be 
 alleged against me ; and yet I must suppose that, 
 if others intended to add their weight to the accu- 
 sation, I must suppose that, in a case in which 
 every thing that is dear to man, in character, in 
 reputation, and in honour, is at stake, they would 
 have had the fairness to give to the accused an 
 advantage which is not withholden from the 
 meanest criminal, that of hearing the whole in- 
 dictment to which he is to plead. 
 
 If, after a year of menace, and after three months 
 of preparation, from amidst all the array which I 
 see opposed to me, these * are my only accusers ; 
 if the speeches which 1 have heard, contain the 
 whole of the charges which are to be urged 
 against me, charges, which those who bring 
 them forward state to be directed to no other object 
 than the public weal, but which I know, and which 
 they know, to be intended to disqualify me for 
 ever from serving the public with credit to my- 
 self or with advantage to the State ; if this be 
 
 * Mr. Lambton and Sir Francis Uurdett.
 
 all^it falls indeed far short of the expectations 
 excited by such mighty menace and by such de- 
 liberate preparation ! But, Sir, if this is not all, 
 if there are Gentlemen, who hold themselves in 
 readiness to aggravate the matter preferred against 
 me, whose speeches, prepared for the occasion 
 and now throbbing in their breasts, are reserved 
 till I shall be disabled from answering them, 
 from such I appeal to the candour of the House 
 and of the world ; declaring, and desiring it to be 
 understood, both within and without the walls of 
 this House, that if I do not refute what they may 
 hereafter advance against me, it will be only because 
 I am precluded by the forms of the House from 
 speaking a second time. (Cries of No, No, from the 
 Opposition.) O, Sir, I am not to be told that 
 the Motion consists of a string of Resolutions 
 that each Resolution is a separate question 
 and that upon each separate question I may 
 speak : but neither are my accusers to be told 
 that this is technical nonsense; that the- effec- 
 tive debate must take place upon the first 
 Resolution, and that the question upon that Re- 
 solution once put to the vote, I should be heard upon 
 those which follow, to very little purpose indeed. 
 
 b2
 
 I agree with the Hon. Baronet, that I have 
 often deplored and deprecated, and, in spite 
 of the Hon. Baronet's warning, I shall continue 
 (not for myself but for the public good) to de- 
 precate and to deplore the practice of calumniat- 
 ing public men on either side of this House, by 
 imputing to them motives of action, the insinuation 
 of which would not be tolerated in the intercourse 
 of private life. If, indeed, I shall be found to 
 have forfeited all claim to the confidence of the 
 House, the Hon. Baronet needs not fear that I 
 shall again offend him by such unpleasant ani- 
 madversions. But if, on the other hand, I shall 
 be fortunate enough to make plain to others 
 that which I myself confidently feel my per- 
 fect clearness from any of the imputations at- 
 tempted to be thrown upon me, the Hon. Ba- 
 ronet may depend upon hearing from me hereafter 
 the same language which I have used heretofore, 
 on this and on other subjects still more disagree- 
 able to the Hon. Baronet and his followers. 
 
 Sir, the charge which the Hon. Gentleman's Re- 
 solutions involve, is this, That the Government, 
 being perfectly aware that the Prince Regent of
 
 Portugal had no intention of returning to Europe* 
 pretended a belief in such intention, for the express 
 purpose of corruptly offering that Mission which I 
 corruptly accepted. It is true, that a distinction is 
 most disingenuously affected to be drawn between 
 the Government and me ; of which it is hardly 
 necessary to say, that I disdain to take ad- 
 vantage. It is pretended, that a charge is brought 
 forward only against the Government for making 
 the offer, but that I might have accepted that 
 offer if not altogether without blame, at least 
 without absolute criminality. Sir, I disclaim this 
 insidious distinction. I will allow no such excep- 
 tion in my favour. As my Noble Friend has 
 claimed that my case shall be considered as that 
 of the Government, so do I declare on my part 
 that the case of the Government'is mine. 
 
 The Jirst head of charge, therefore, against the 
 Government and myself is, That there was no belief 
 on the part of the Government, or on mine, that 
 the Prince Regent of Portugal intended to return 
 to Europe : the second is, That the Mission sent to 
 receive and congratulate the Prince Regent on 
 his return was on a scale of unnecessary, un-
 
 6 
 
 exampled, profligate prodigality. To both these 
 issues, distinctly, I mean to plead. All that I re- 
 quire of those who are to judge me is, that they 
 will keep these two issues separate in their minds ; 
 that they will not confound them, as has been in- 
 dustriously done in the speeches of the Hon. Gent, 
 and the lion. Bart. If a fraud were purposed 
 if the Government did not believe in the return 
 of the Royal Family of Portugal there is crime 
 enough for an impeachment, if you will, without 
 entering into the question of expense. In that 
 case the expense of one farthing was too much. 
 But if, on the contrary, the Government was sin- 
 cere in its belief of the occasion for the appointment 
 when they made it, and I, when I accepted it, 
 then the question of expense is indeed a fair sub- 
 ject of parliamentary jealousy (I am far from deny- 
 ing that it is so); but the amount of that ex- 
 pense must be estimated, with reference to its ob- 
 ject, and not upon the unfair and fallacious 
 assumption that there was no occasion for any 
 expense at all. 
 
 As to the first point, if I were pleading for 
 myself alone, all that it would be necessary for
 
 me to do, would be to refer to one only of the 
 papers before the House ; the Extract of Lord 
 Strangford's Despatch to Lord Castlereagh*, dated 
 Rio de Janeiro, June 21st, 1814. It is in these 
 words : 
 
 " The glorious events which have given peace and inde- 
 " pendence to Europe, have revived in the mind of the 
 " Prince of Brazil those eager desires to revisit his native 
 " country, which had been for a time suppressed. 
 
 " His Royal Highness has done me the honour to state 
 " his anxious hope that Great Britain will facilitate the 
 " completion of his wishes upon this subject; and that he 
 " may return to Portugal under the same protection as that 
 " under which he left it." 
 
 The Despatch, of which this is an Extract, was, 
 in fact, the only one upon the subject that I hap- 
 pened to see before I went to Portugal. 
 
 Before I proceed further, I must here vindi- 
 cate my Noble Friend the Secretary of State for 
 the Foreign Department, from the allegation of 
 the Hon. Gentleman, that my Noble Friend studi- 
 ously delayed, or wilfully confounded, the papers 
 moved for by the Hon. Gentleman or his friends. 
 
 * Appendix I, No. 1.
 
 8 
 
 The Hon. Gentleman accuses my Noble Friend of 
 having produced a Despatch, addressed to me by 
 Lord Bathurst, (No. 2 of the papers first presented 
 to Parliament*,) instead of the Despatch of my 
 Noble Friend to Mr. Sydenham | of the 18th 
 July, well knowing that this latter was the 
 paper really moved-for. Now, Sir, I cannot 
 pretend to say in what terms the Motion of the 
 Hon. Gentleman was conceived : I was not in the 
 House (so far as I know) when he made it. 
 The first knowledge that I had of it was 
 from a note of my Noble Friend, inclosing a 
 copy of the Despatch addressed to me by 
 Lord Bathurst ; informing me that this Despatch 
 was to be laid before the House of Commons ; and 
 desiring to know, whether there were any papers 
 which I might wish to be produced in order to meet 
 the charge, whatever it might be, which appeared, 
 by the call for this Despatch, to be meditated 
 against me. This was a courtesy which my Noble 
 Friend, or any Minister, would have equally shewn 
 to any other individual menaced with a parliamen- 
 tary attack ; and I only mention it, as affording a 
 
 Appendix I, No. 2. 
 t Appendix II. No. 2.
 
 strong proof of the sincerity of my Noble Friend's 
 belief that the paper first produced was that which 
 had been moved for by the Hon. Gentleman. Lord 
 Strangford's Despatch being (as I have said) the 
 only document that I happened ever to have seen, 
 relating to the Prince Regent of Portugal's return, 
 it was the only one that occurred to me as at all 
 necessary to illustrate that matter. It was the only 
 one, therefore, of which, with that view, I sug- 
 gested the production; and, upon looking it 
 over, as I was extremely desirous to bring 
 forward nothing but what was absolutely ne- 
 cessary, I thought the two or three sentences, 
 which are given in thpjirst set of papers pre- 
 sented to the House, amply sufficient. I knew, 
 indeed, that the Prince Regent of Portugal's in- 
 tention of returning to Europe had been ques- 
 tioned ; but it was not until after the production of 
 these papers that I had any suspicion that it 
 was denied. The Hon. Gentleman now pro- 
 fesses that his intention was to move, not for 
 any Despatch to me, but for a Despatch to 
 Mr. Sydenham. It is to be regretted, in that case, 
 that the Honourable Gentleman did not mention 
 Mr. Sydenham's name in his Motion, which would
 
 10 
 
 have obviated any possibility of misapprehension. 
 I am not without my suspicions, indeed, that if 
 in return to the Hon. Gentleman's ambiguous Mo- 
 tion my Noble Friend had laid upon the table 
 the Despatch to Mr. Sydenham, he would then 
 have been accused of keeping back the Despatch 
 to me. In truth, Sir, if the Hon. Gentlemen wanted 
 complete information, their obvious course was 
 to move for all Despatches relating to the sub- 
 ject in question, within a certain specified pe^ 
 riod. But if their object was to feel their 
 way, paper by paper, in order that they 
 might proceed or not, according as the information 
 obtained by their successive Motions should or 
 should not correspond with the prejudices which 
 they had endeavoured to raise; why, then, Sir, 
 perhaps they had not gone far in this course of 
 discovery before they repented of having engaged 
 in it. 
 
 But to return to the Despatch of Lord Strang- 
 ford. The Extract from that Despatch which 
 I have just read, appeared to me quite suffi- 
 cient to establish the Prince Regent of Portugal's 
 intention. 1 confess, indeed, that my belief in
 
 11 
 
 that event rested on authority short even of this 
 Extract. It rested on the authority of a pri- 
 vate letter from Lord Liverpool, received by me 
 on the 28th August, at a considerable distance 
 from London ; which, though it is not pleasant to 
 quote in public discussion the contents of pri- 
 vate letters, I will now, (having my Noble 
 Friend's permission,) read to the House. It 
 is dated, London, August 26th, 1814. 
 
 " Letters have been this day received from Lord 
 
 ** Strangford, by which it appears, that the Prince of 
 
 " Brazil has intimated his desire to return to Portugal, 
 
 " fin consequence of the recent events in Europe,) and 
 
 " the gratification which he would feel at the arrival of 
 
 " a British squadron at Rio de Janeiro, for the purpose 
 
 " of conveying the Royal Family to Lisbon. 
 
 " Under these circumstances, Melville has given orders 
 " for preparing a proper squadron for this Service, and 
 " it will sail as soon as the necessary arrangements can be 
 " completed." 
 
 This letter, Sir, 1 received on the 28th of 
 August, at Manchester, in my way from Lon- 
 don to a distant part of the country, from 
 whence I had no thoughts of returning till the 
 middle of September. My Right Hon. Friend,
 
 12 
 
 now sitting near me*, was with me when I re- 
 ceived it. Now, the hypothesis of my accusers 
 is, that the whole notion of the Prince Regent's 
 return was a feint and a fraud on the part of 
 the Government, if not on mine. But, 1 ask of 
 any candid man, if he can believe, I ask of 
 any man living, if he will avow the belief, that 
 supposing a fraud to have been intended, it is 
 likely that such a letter as this from Lord Liver- 
 pool, written in the unguarded style of private 
 friendship, and addressed (as any Gentleman 
 who would take the trouble to look at it would 
 see that it is) with the usual formulary of the 
 most familiar correspondence, should have been 
 one of the documents got up for such a purpose? 
 Is it likely, that of two men, known to each 
 other by nearly thirty years of intimacy, one 
 should practise such a delusion upon the other? 
 Or, is it likely that two such men should carry 
 hypocrisy so far as to provide beforehand for the 
 support of a public fraud, by the contrivance of 
 such a private communication ? 
 
 This letter from Lord Liverpool was founded 
 upon that Despatch from Lord Strangford of 
 which I have already read the Extract, and 
 
 * Mr. Huskisson.
 
 13 
 
 which appears at full length in the papers* last 
 laid upon the table. The Extract was moved 
 for at my desire, the Extract only when I 
 conceived that my justification alone was in 
 question : the whole Despatch was afterwards 
 moved for, also at my suggestion, when I 
 found that the Government were suspected of 
 having deceived me into a belief, for which they 
 had no foundation. I will now take the liberty 
 of reading the whole Despatch. 
 
 U Rio de Janeiro, June 21, 1814. 
 [Received August 26th, 1814.] 
 " My Lord, 
 " The glorious events which have given peace and inde- 
 ** pendence to Europe, have revived in the mind of the Prince 
 " of Brazil those eager desires to revisit his native country, 
 " which had been for a time suppressed. 
 
 " His Royal Highness has lately done me the honour to 
 " state his anxious hope, that Great Britain will facilitate 
 " the completion of his wishes upon this subject, and that he 
 " may return to Portugal under the same protection as that 
 " under which he left it. And His Royal Highness has, 
 " during the last week, intimated to me, four or five times, 
 " as well publicly as privately, that, in case Great Britain 
 
 " should send a squadron of ships of war to this place, for 
 
 i ____________ _ 
 
 * Appendix III. No. 4-
 
 14 
 
 " the purpose of escorting His Royal Highness to Europe, 
 
 " it would be particularly and personally gratifying to His 
 
 " Royal Highness that should be 
 
 * selected for this service. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 " Strangford." 
 To Viscount Castlereagh, 
 
 8fc. ifc. i(c. 
 
 (The name of the officer is omitted from mo- 
 tives of delicacy. Sir John Beresford had been 
 already appointed and announced to the Court 
 of Rio de Janeiro, before this Despatch was 
 received.) 
 
 Submit this document to any man in the habit of 
 canvassing evidence, and ask him, whether there is 
 any thing in it that could create a suspicion of the 
 sincerity of the wish which it announces 1 whe- 
 ther the Government could reasonably doubt the 
 authenticity of the intelligence conveyed in it, any 
 more than I doubted the fidelity of the abstract of 
 that intelligence transmitted to me by Lord Liver- 
 pool ? A man might say, that he intended to go a 
 journey, and the fact of his entertaining that in- 
 tention might, perhaps, not be considered as alto- 
 gether established by the mere intimation of it : but, 
 when he ordered his carriage to the door, and
 
 15 
 
 named the servants by whom he wished to be 
 conducted, then, surely, one would consider him 
 to be really in earnest. 
 
 This Despatch, however, I did not see till after my 
 return to London in September. I was quite satis- 
 fied of the fact, as stated to me by Lord Liverpool. 
 Nothing is more easy than, when an event has, or 
 has not, actually taken place, to find out that you 
 ought to have foreseen how likely, or to have dis- 
 covered how unlikely, it was to happen. But who 
 balances probabilities in this way, in the ordinary 
 transactions of life ? Who is the wise and happy 
 man that receives every friendly communication 
 with distrust ; that calls for proofs of the most cre- 
 dible expectancies, and deems every occurrence 
 problematical till it has actually occurred ? The 
 Prince Regent of Portugal announced to the Bri- 
 tish Cabinet his intention of returning; he re- 
 quested that a squadron might be sent to escort him 
 to Europe; he named the officer by whom he wished 
 that squadron to be commanded : yet Ministers 
 were to suspect that he entertained no intention 
 of the kind ! For myself, I protest, that no sha- 
 dow of doubt ever crossed my mind, as to the 
 reality of this intention. Perhaps it may have been
 
 16 
 
 rash to believe : if so, I must acknowledge my 
 error. But when, in addition to such positive testi- 
 mony, I considered how desirable it was, with a 
 view to the interests of the Portuguese Mo- 
 narchy, of this Country, and of the world, 
 how essential to the complete restoration and 
 tranquillity of that order of things which the 
 French Revolution had disjointed and broken 
 up, that Portugal, now sunk into a province, 
 should resume her station among the States 
 of Europe; when I felt that no efforts of the 
 British Government ought to have been spared, 
 and had reason to be assured that none had been 
 spared, to induce that return, I confess I know 
 not on what I could have founded the smallest 
 doubt that the return of the Court of Portugal 
 was really determined upon, and that this deter- 
 mination was upon the eve of execution. 
 
 It may be true, that there were, as has 
 been asserted, at the precise period to which 
 I am alluding, conflicting reports on this sub- 
 ject; that merchants in Lisbon had received 
 letters from their friends in Brazil, contradicting 
 the opinion that the Prince Regent would re- 
 turn; that there were rumours of opposition
 
 17 ' 
 
 to the measure in the Councils of Rio de 
 Janeiro ; and that persons, supposed to have access 
 to correct intelligence, avowed the conviction that 
 the Court would remain in South America. If 
 there were such reports, I knew nothing of them. 
 But I fairly own that had they come distinctly to 
 my knowledge, had I even been consulted as to the 
 weight to be allowed to them, I should have consi- 
 dered the British Minister's testimony as outweigh- 
 ing them all. I will tell the House why the testi- 
 mony of Lord Strangford would have had so power- 
 ful a weight with me on this subject. In 1807, at 
 the time when the Court of Portugal emigrated to 
 the Brazils, I had the honour to fill the office now 
 filled by my Noble Friend.* When the first in- 
 telligence of the intended emigration reached this 
 Country, there was then, also, an abundance of 
 conflicting and contradictory reports ; and I be- 
 lieve I may say that for several days I alone, 
 in London, alone perhaps among my colleagues, 
 was persuaded of the existence of that inten- 
 tion. At that time, I knew nothing of Lord 
 Strangford, except from his official correspond- 
 ence : but that correspondence had inspired me 
 
 * Lord Castlereagh. 
 C
 
 18 
 
 with a full reliance upon the authenticity of his . 
 sources of information, and upon his knowledge 
 of the Prince Regent's mind ; and Lord Strangford 
 all along affirmed, that the Prince Regent intended 
 to emigrate. The general persuasion at Lisbon 
 was that the Court would not emigrate ; even up 
 to the very day, when, as Lord- Strangford had 
 predicted, the Prince actually embarked in the 
 Tagus, and set sail for Brazil. 
 
 My belief therefore in the present instance was 
 founded, first on positive information, secondly, 
 on the obvious desirableness of the return of the 
 Prince Regent to Europe, and on the certainty 
 that this Country must have used all means of 
 counsel and persuasion to ensure that event. I 
 was persuaded both of the reality of the inten- 
 tion, and of the probability of its instant execu- 
 tion. Nothing, absolutely nothing, had come to 
 my knowledge that could excite a reasonable 
 distrust. But even had such distrust been ex- 
 cited in my mind by any rumour, or any testi- 
 mony less than official, it would have been dis- 
 pelled by the assurances of Lord Strangford. 
 Such was my belief, my credulity, if you will 
 but a credulity of which I have assigned the
 
 19 
 
 grounds, a credulity which was assuredly not so 
 fatuitous as to be fairly construed into crime. 
 
 I must, however, beg not to have it understood 
 that my belief in the return of the Prince Regent 
 at once determined my acceptance of the Mis- 
 sion ; though it might have done so, for aught 
 that I can see, without blame. Undoubtedly no 
 earthly consideration would have induced me to 
 accept it without an assurance as to that return : 
 but it required a combination of other circum- 
 stances, with which I need not trouble the House, 
 to induce me to go in an official character to Lisbon; 
 and in fact my acceptance was not determined 
 till after my return to town, late in September. 
 
 The Government had stronger grounds for their 
 belief than I had. They had before them the 
 communications contained, or referred to, in the 
 Papers last submitted to the House: letters, 
 namely, from Lord Strangford, of so early a 
 date as February and the autograph letter of 
 the Prince Regent of Portugal* to the Prince 
 Regent of Great Britain, dated the 2d of 
 April. Of these I knew nothing till the other 
 day, when the Hon. Gentleman's inquiries and 
 
 * Appendix III. No. 3. 
 
 c.2
 
 20 
 
 denunciations led to an examination of the corre- 
 spondence in the Foreign Office. This autograph 
 letter disproves the notion of the Hon. Gentle- 
 man, that there was an interval between the month 
 of February and the month of August in the com- 
 munications respecting the Prince Regent's in- 
 tended return. This letter fills up the supposed 
 chasm in the correspondence. The reason why a 
 copy of this document has not been laid before the 
 House is, that as many Gentlemen who hear me 
 must know it is contrary to the etiquette ob- 
 served towards Sovereign Princes so to make their 
 letters public. The practice is for the Secretary of 
 State to refer to the substance of such Letters in 
 an official Despatch accompanying them, or ac- 
 knowledging their receipt : and such a record of the 
 letter in question is to^be found in the Despatch* 
 from the Secretary of State to Lord Strangford, of 
 the 25th July. In that Despatch, this autograph 
 letter is noticed as stating that the Prince Regent 
 of Portugal only waited for intelligence of the 
 final success of the Allies, in order to determine 
 his return to Europe. 
 
 But all this evidence, all this testimony, is, it 
 seems, to be considered as fallacious, if not abso- 
 
 * Appendix III, No. 3 
 
 i
 
 21 
 
 iutely false, because there is a solemn, indubitable, 
 irrefragable witness at variance with it a pa- 
 ragraph in a newspaper of the 29th of July, which 
 announced my actual appointment as Ambassador 
 to Portugal! An appointment of the 29th of July 
 could not be in consequence of information re- 
 ceived on the 26th of August. Clearly. But 
 events might be contemplated as probable be- 
 fore the 29th of July, which intelligence of the 
 26th of August might confirm : and a speculation 
 might be founded upon those probabilities, con- 
 tingent upon their fulfilment or non-fulfilment. 
 I do not affirm that some such speculation, 
 founded on some such possible contingency, but 
 absolutely dependent for its realization on the 
 happening or not happening of that contingency, 
 might not be afloat before the 29th of July. 
 The Despatch, of the 25th of July, (of which, how- 
 ever, any more than of the autograph letter al- 
 luded to in it, I had not any distinct knowledge 
 till it was brought into notice the other day in 
 consequence of the Hon. Gentleman's inquiries,) 
 the date, I say, of this Despatch renders it not 
 improbable that it may have been about that 
 time that a Mission to Portugal began to be
 
 22 
 
 contemplated as probable. But that I was at 
 that time, or near that time appointed, 
 that I then accepted such appointment, if offered 
 to me, or that it could then have been offered to 
 me, if I had been willing to accept it, I ut- 
 terly deny. I deny here, Sir, in your presence, 
 and in the presence of my country, that which 
 has been assumed as established because I did 
 not deny it when asserted in a newspaper. Sir, I 
 value as much as any man the liberty of the Press ; 
 I acknowledge its utility I bow to its power; 
 in common with all public men, I listen to its sug- 
 gestions, and receive its chastisements, with all 
 due humility and thankfulness : but I will not 
 plead at its bar ! I will continue to treat with 
 scorn the attacks of anonymous malice. I disdain 
 to make any answer to such charges, whilst there 
 is a House of Commons before which I can vindi- 
 cate my character. This is the place where it is my 
 right as well my duty to plead, before a compe- 
 tent tribunal, and in the face of known and ac- 
 countable accusers. And in behalf of all that is sa- 
 cred and decent in private life, as well as in behalf 
 of the honour of public men, I protest against the 
 inference that he is to be held guilty of a charge,
 
 23 
 
 who resolutely declines to answer it at the bar of 
 the daily Press. 
 
 But the newspaper had, it seems, announced 
 not only that I was appointed Ambassador 
 to Lisbon, but that my Right Hon. Friend near 
 me* was appointed Surveyor of the Woods 
 and Forests, and my Right Hon. Friend f at 
 the end of the bench, Master of the Mint ; both 
 which nominations were immediately verified. It 
 is very true that the latter Office was shortly after- 
 wards filled by my Right Hon. Friend t, who has 
 discharged the duties of it with so much honour 
 to himself, and advantage to the public: but I 
 disclaim in the most peremptory terms any me- 
 rit or influence of mine in that appointment. My 
 Right Hon. Friend * near me, was, it is also true, 
 appointed to the Office of Surveyor of Woods, 
 and undoubtedly not without my intervention. On 
 the 30th of July I think it was that I moved the 
 new Writ for my Right Hon. Friend. I moved that 
 Writ for the express purpose of shewing that I ap- 
 proved, and was party to, the accession of my 
 Right Hon. Friend, and of other friends of mine, 
 to tbe Administration. And had I myself accepted 
 
 * Mr. Huskisson. f Mr. W. W. Pole.
 
 24 
 
 Office at that time I should have been equally 
 ready, nay anxious to avow it. At different pe- 
 riods of my political life, I have held, I have re- 
 signed, I have refused, and I have accepted Office. 
 And there is no occasion on which I have taken 
 either of these courses, on which I am not per- 
 fectly prepared to vindicate (I will not say always 
 the prudence, but I will say confidently) the pu- 
 rity and honourableness of my conduct. 
 
 I know, Sir, how difficult it is to speak plainly 
 on subjects of this nature, without transgressing 
 the decorum, if not the strict order, of our debates. 
 But is it brought as an accusation against 
 me, that, having no difference of opinion with 
 the Administration, I did not neglect an oppor- 
 tunity which presented itself of furnishing an ac- 
 cession of strength to that Administration, which 
 I wished to strengthen and uphold ? Why ought I 
 I to have declined this ? And by whom am I ac- 
 cused for not declining it ? By those who consider 
 the principle of Party as a virtue, as a badge of 
 distinction, and a pledge of purity, when predi- 
 cated of themselves ; but who are intolerant of any 
 Party, presuming to connect itself together, 
 except under their banners. And, what is the bond
 
 25 
 
 of Party? what are the boasted ties that connect 
 the Hon. Gentlemen on the other side of the 
 House with each other? Fidelity in private 
 friendship, as well as consistency in public 
 principle. Their theory of Party is a theory 
 which they would confine exclusively to their own 
 practice. One may become a satellite in their 
 system, and welcome ; but any eccentric planet, 
 moving in another system, they view with jealous 
 yet with scornful eyes, and denounce its course as 
 baleful and destructive. To this exclusive doc- 
 trine I have never subscribed. To these preten- 
 sions I have never listened with submission. I have 
 never deemed it reasonable that any confederacy 
 of great names should monopolise to themselves the 
 whole patronage and authority of the State; should 
 constitute themselves, as it were, into a corpora- 
 tion a bank for circulating the favours of the Crown 
 and the suffrages of the People, and distributing 
 them only to their own adherents. I cannot 
 consent that the administration of the Govern- 
 ment of this free and enlightened country shall be 
 considered as rightfully belonging to any peculiar 
 circle of public men however powerful, or of fa- 
 milies however preponderant ; and though I can-
 
 26 
 
 not stand lower in the estimation of the Hon. 
 Baronet than I do in my own, as to my own pre- 
 tensions, I will (to use the language of a Statesman 
 so eminent that I cannot presume to quote his 
 words without an apology,) I will, as long as I have 
 the faculty to think and act for myself, " look those 
 " proud combinations in the face." I plead guilty, 
 then, to the charge if it be one of having treated 
 with an Administration, with the principles of 
 which I perfectly agreed. I plead guilty to the 
 charge if it be one of having on this, aye, and 
 on other occasions, postponed my own interest to 
 that of my friends. If, indeed, the charge could 
 be turned the other way, if occupied exclusively 
 with any personal objects of my own, it could be 
 said that I had neglected the claims, the interests, 
 or the feelings of any individual connected with 
 me in political life, ---I should indeed hear that 
 charge with sensations very different from those 
 which I now experience: then, indeed, should 
 I hide my head with shame. 
 
 When I moved the Writ of my Right Honour- 
 able Friend, on the 30th of July, I declare, upon 
 my honour, that I thought it very doubtful whether 
 I should myself have any official connection what-
 
 27 
 
 ever with the Government. I do not mean to say, 
 that the question had not been mooted, as to my 
 undertaking the Mission to Portugal, if it 
 should turn out that such a Mission was to be 
 sent. But many circumstances might have pre- 
 vented the result that did afterwards happen. 
 I was not pledged I was very far from having 
 made up my own mind to accept the Mission 
 if it should be Offered to me ; nor had the 
 Government as yet any assurance that they 
 should have it to offer. I had previously made 
 arrangements of my own. My plans were to go 
 where I did go, but from different motives 
 and with a different object. What that object 
 and those motives were, I am not called upon, 
 nor do I think it necessary, to state in this 
 place. It is sufficient for me to say that I was 
 master of my own actions, and that I chose to go. 
 My intention was known to my private friends, 
 and had been communicated to my constituents 
 two months before the'close of the Session. 
 
 The first official tender of the Mission was 
 made to me by my Noble Friend, the Secretary 
 for Foreign Affairs, I think about the end of 
 the first week of August: I cannot be posi-
 
 28 
 
 tive as to the day; but I recollect perfectly 
 that I had but two interviews with my Noble 
 Friend upon the subject, within a few days of 
 each other, and that at the date of one of those 
 interviews Mr. Sydenham had arrived in England. 
 He arrived on or about the 8th of August. My No- 
 ble Friendwas then on the eve of his departure for 
 Vienna. His tender to me was altogether contin- 
 gent and conditional. The way in which the 
 matter was left, was this ; that if the certainty 
 of the Prince Regent of Portugal's immediate re- 
 turn should be established, I should hear from 
 him (or, in his absence, from Lord Liverpool) 
 again. I did hear again, in the manner that I 
 have stated : but, in proof that I had not, in the 
 mean time, acted on the presumption that I 
 should go out in an official character, I can 
 appeal to some of the Members of the Board of 
 Admiralty who sit near me, that I was so late 
 as in the month of September a supplicant at the 
 Admiralty, as a private person, for a ship to 
 convey me and my family to Lisbon; and when 
 I arrived in Portugal, I found a house provided 
 for me, as a private person, through the kindness of 
 a friend, a house in the neighbourhood of Lisbon,
 
 29 
 
 which, in my official character, I could not 
 occupy. 
 
 But all this, it may be said, was but contrivance, 
 an artificial chain of circumstances forged and 
 linked together, with a view to the present dis- 
 cussion. Has such an imputation the colour of 
 probability ? What I have now stated both as to 
 facts and motives is the truth. If any man shall 
 contradict this statement, I can only say that 
 he will affirm that which is not true. Where a 
 matter rests and from its nature must rest solely 
 on the consciousness of an individual, there 
 is no other answer (that I know of) to be given 
 to an arbitrary contradiction. I speak this, I 
 hope, without offence. But, on this part of my 
 case, I know of no other possible answer. 
 
 I did believe then in the intention of the Prince 
 Regent to return. The Government believed in 
 it. Their belief would have been ground enough 
 for mine. But I have shewn that they had good 
 grounds for their belief. Further, it appears, 
 from what has been stated by the Gallant 
 Admiral behind me,* in anticipation of a 
 question which I might perhaps have taken 
 the liberty to put to him, that not only had the 
 * Sir Joha Beresford.
 
 30 
 
 Royal Family really entertained that intention, but 
 that the disposition to carry it into execution sur- r 
 vived the report of its abandonment; that he 
 was repeatedly requested by the Prince Regent 
 of Portugal to defer his departure from Rio de 
 Janeiro from time to time, in hopes that the next 
 arrivals from Europe might bring intelligence de- 
 cisive of the voyage ; and that it was not until 
 the beginning of April that those hopes were 
 finally relinquished, and the Gallant Admiral per- 
 mitted to take his leave. 
 
 Contrary and contradictory rumours did, no 
 doubt, continue to prevail on this subject, in 
 London, as they certainly did in Lisbon. Even 
 when I received at Lisbon in the begin- 
 ning of April 1815 the first intimation from 
 England on which I founded my resignation, 
 I was in possession of most positive assur- 
 ances the other way; and on the very day 
 on which I sent off my resignation, I had heard 
 through what I might have considered as au- 
 thentic channels, that the Prince would cer- 
 tainly embark. The day was specified on 
 which the embarkation was to take place; 
 and we were to look for the first news of thaJ
 
 31 
 
 event in the arrival of the Squadron off the 
 Bar. But did I act on this information ? Did I 
 endeavour to shake any credit which the Go- 
 vernment at home might be disposed to give 
 to their accounts from Rio de Janeiro ? Did I 
 contrast the rumours of Lisbon with the rumours 
 of London, for the purpose of clinging to my 
 Office ? No. It appears, from the papers on the 
 table, that upon the * 29th of March the informa- 
 tion of the Prince Regent's abandonment of his 
 design was received here in an official shape. 
 Probably this official information must have 
 been preceded some days by private intelli- 
 gence. The intimation which reached me on the 
 9th of April certainly was not official ; I did 
 not wait however for its official confirmation : on 
 the 10th of April, I wrote and sent off by an ex- 
 press packet the following -f Despatch to the Fo- 
 reign Office : 
 
 " By the mails which came in yester- 
 " day, I learn, (though not officially,) that the accounts 
 " received in England from Rio de Janeiro, since Admiral 
 
 ' ' Sir John Beresford's arrival there, create a doubt of the 
 
 , _ i 
 
 * Appendix III. No. 7. 
 f Appendix I. No. 3
 
 32 
 
 " Prince Regent of Portugal's present intention to return to 
 " his European dominions. 
 
 ff Nothing has been received here from the Brazils, which 
 " indicates any such change in His Royal Highness's in- 
 " tention. But should any impediments have been inter- 
 " posed to delay the execution of it, until the intelligence of 
 " the late astonishing and afflicting revolution in the state 
 " of Europe shall reach Rio de Janeiro, it is possible that 
 " the receipt of that intelligence may determine His Royal 
 u Highness to remain there for the present. 
 
 " In that case, or in the event of your Lordship's receiv- 
 
 " ing such positive accounts, as satisfy your Lordship's mind 
 
 " that such a determination has been taken by the Prince 
 
 w Regent of Portugal, I have to request your Lordship, to 
 
 " lay at the feet of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent 
 
 " my humble resignation of the commission with which He 
 
 " was graciously pleased to honour me, in contemplation of 
 
 " the Prince Regent of Portugal's return." 
 
 So much for the first head of the charge against 
 me, and against the Government. I have shewn, 
 I hope to the satisfaction of the House, that we 
 did believe in the return of the Court of Portu- 
 gal to Europe; that we had good grounds for 
 that belief; and that, upon that belief exclu- 
 sively, any Mission to Lisbon was founded.
 
 33 
 
 Remains to be considered, whether upon that 
 ground, such a Mission was necessary or jus- 
 tifiable. And this question again divides itself 
 into two heads ; first, whether necessary at 
 all; secondly, (if admitted to be necessary), 
 whether conducted on a scale of disproportionate 
 expense, disproportionate either to the unavoid- 
 able expenditure of the Mission, or to its political 
 importance. 
 
 In the first of these questions Was an Em- 
 bassy to Lisbon necessary, in the event of the 
 Prince Regent's return? is involved another more 
 personal question, from which I must not shrink : 
 namely Was there any unfitness in the offer of 
 that Mission to me, or in my acceptance of it ? I 
 feel all the difficulty of arguing this point in a man- 
 ner at once satisfactory to the House and not unjust 
 to myself. It is distasteful and revolting to one's 
 feelings to be obliged to speak of one's-self, and 
 of one's own fitness for any situation, or any un- 
 dertaking. But it will be remembered, that I 
 am upon my trial, that I am defending myself 
 against a criminal charge ; and if in such a de- 
 fence something like egotism should be unavoid- 
 able, I hope the House will have the goodness to 
 excuse it, j>
 
 34 
 
 Sir, to place this question in its true point of 
 view, I must once more go back to the year 1807. 
 I have said that when in that year the Royal 
 Family of Portugal adopted the resolution of emi- 
 grating to the Brazils, I had the honour to hold 
 the seals of the Foreign Office. I had thus an 
 opportunity of becoming acquainted with the 
 wishes of the Prince Regent of Portugal in favour 
 of Lord Strangford, who had been employed to 
 advise and to urge that splendid and mag- 
 nanimous emigration. It was my duty to 
 report these wishes, and to recommend the ser- 
 vices of Lord Strangford to the consideration of my 
 Royal Master. The result was that his Lordship 
 was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary ; was invested with a red ribbon ; 
 and might also have received an advance in the 
 Peerage which (for reasons nothing to the pur- 
 pose of this night's discussion) he declined. There 
 was, however, another point respecting which 
 the Court of Portugal was extremely soli- 
 citous, a reciprocation of Missions of the high- 
 est rank : and this point, from the period of which 
 I am speaking to the last moment at which I 
 held the Seals of Office, the Portuguese Minister
 
 35 
 
 never lost an opportunity of pressing upon my 
 attention. It has been said, by shrewd ob- 
 servers of domestic politics, that when once a Co- 
 ronet gets into a man's head there is no driving 
 it out again ; and I believe it may be as justly 
 said, that when once a Court takes up the notion 
 of reciprocation of Embassies it is no easy matter 
 to get the better of it. Such a notion reproduces 
 itself on every occasion. A Secretary of State 
 is sure to be assailed with repeated solicitation 
 till the favourite measure is accomplished. 
 
 To this application 1 at that time did not listen. 
 And I believe I reconciled the Court of Portugal 
 to the refusal of it, by shewing that it could 
 not then be granted in the person of Lord 
 Strangford; whose diplomatic standing would 
 not admit of such an advancement, having been 
 already so recently raised from the station of 
 Charge d'Affaires. I promised, however, that on 
 the occurrence of any signal event which might 
 constitute a proper occasion for an Embassy, 
 (and the two possible events in contemplation were 
 either the final establishment of the Portuguese 
 Court at the Brazils, should the cause of Europe 
 
 d2
 
 36 
 
 be lost or, what was then a distant, though 
 never with me a hopeless prospect its restoration 
 to Europe on a successful termination of the war,) 
 I would recommend to my Sovereign, should I be 
 then in office, a compliance with the wishes of 
 the Court of Portugal. 
 
 Long after I quitted office, and more than once 
 or twice, or three times, I was appealed to for 
 the truth of the assertion, that such a promise 
 had been given; not that any engagement of 
 mine could be binding on my successors. At 
 last 1 believe in 1811 without waiting for 
 these long-coming events, the Portuguese Mi- 
 nister here assumed the character of Ambas- 
 sador. The reciprocation was declined. Much 
 discussion, it seems, followed during the three 
 succeeding years upon the refusal to name 
 an Ambassador at the Court of Brazil: and 
 I perfectly remember, that in one of the con- 
 versations which I had with my Noble Friend 
 the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, he reminded 
 me of the circumstances which I have here reca- 
 pitulated, and observed " We shall, besides, thus 
 " have the long-disputed point of a reciproca-
 
 37 
 
 " tion of Embassies settled, and your pledge to 
 " the Court of Portugal .redeemed in your own 
 '' person." 
 
 If it is supposed by Hon. Gentlemen, that the ag- 
 gregate allowances of the Mission were necessarily 
 increased by giving the name and rank of Ambas- 
 sador, instead of that of Envoy Extraordinary, to 
 my appointment, I assure them they are mistaken. 
 The question of expense I reserve for separate 
 consideration ; but as it here mixes itself with the 
 question of the rank of the Mission, I am compelled 
 shortly to advert to it, a little before its time. 
 There are, (or were before the regulation of 
 1815) two different scales of Ambassadorial al- 
 lowances ; the higher scale with a salary of 1 1,000/. 
 a year, and the other, on what is called the old 
 salary of 8,200/. The difference between these two 
 salaries is nearly the same as the difference be- 
 tween the lower of them and that of an Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, which 
 is 5,200/. Now, Sir, a man who coveted an Embassy 
 for the sake of emolument would hardly fail, once 
 Ambassador, to choose the higher scale of salary. 
 I chose the lower. But I do not claim any merit 
 from this preference. For as neither 5,200/., (the 
 
 301302
 
 38 
 
 salary of Envoy Extraordinary,) nor 8,200/. (the 
 salary of Ambassador on the old scale,) nor even 
 the higher salary of 1 1 ,000/. reduced by deduc- 
 tions at home and abroad, was expected to cover 
 all the expenses of the Mission, without an addi- 
 tion of Extraordinaries (as I shall presently shew) 
 it became indifferent in that point of view, what 
 should be the nominal rank of the Mission. 
 
 But it was not indifferent in other respects. 
 I flatter myself, that I shall not be suspected 
 of the idle and stupid vanity of caring under 
 what name I did the public business. I be- 
 lieve, however, that it will be generally 
 acknowledged, that having once with however 
 little pretension to so high a station filled that 
 Office which presides over the Diplomacy of the 
 Country, I could not consistently assume any other 
 than the highest diplomatic rank, that which alone 
 represents the Sovereign,-in any Mission on which 
 I should happen to be employed. Much less 
 could^ have done so with propriety on a Mission 
 to the Court of Portugal, with which I had, as Se- 
 cretary of State, engaged for those exertions, and 
 (sanguinely perhaps, but as it has turned out 
 safely) anticipated those results, by which that
 
 39 
 
 Court was now enabled, if it so thought fit, to 
 accomplish its return to Europe. 
 
 But neither was the question of what might be 
 individually becoming, the whole of this question. 
 The character of Ambassador, though it may 
 make little difference here, where every negocia- 
 tion passes through responsible Ministers, is 
 by no means a matter of indifference in many 
 Foreign Courts. The mere question of pre- 
 cedency, trifling as it may seem in itself, 
 is not a thing of no moment, in diplomatic 
 transactions. The facility of access to the 
 person of the Sovereign, without the intervention 
 of a Minister, perhaps hostile to our interests, 
 and the right of pre-audience of that Sovereign 
 himself, are advantages of no inconsiderable 
 moment in Courts where the will of the So- 
 vereign is mainly the policy of the State. 
 
 But what good did I expect to achieve through 
 these advantages ? What was there for me to do ? 
 What did I expect to be able to do ? First, it 
 was not for me to judge of my own qualifications ; 
 it was for the Government. I might entrench 
 myself behind this answer. But in the spirit in 
 which I am stating my argument, taking the de-
 
 40 
 
 fence of the Government upon myself (as my 
 Noble Friend has taken mine upon the Govern- 
 ment) I will not do so. I must again remind the 
 House, that I speak of myself only because I am 
 upon my trial. With the allowance belonging to 
 that consideration I may be permitted to say 
 I think that there was good to be done ; and I 
 think that / had as fair means, and as probable a 
 chance, as any other man, of doing it. 
 
 I pass by many obvious difficulties and embar- 
 rassments in the present state of the relations of 
 the Court of Portugal with other Governments in 
 Europe, which might have been avoided had that 
 Court returned. But there is one subject which 
 seems to be comparatively forgotten at this 
 moment, but which, in 1814 (the year of my 
 appointment) was the theme of loud remon- 
 strance and incessant reproach against the Go- 
 vernment, as though they had been indifferent 
 or lukewarm in their exertions upon it, I mean 
 the Slave Trade. I did hope to be able to effect 
 something on this great and interesting subject. 
 I cannot conceive a more favourable opportunity 
 for this purpose than would have been afforded 
 by the return of the Prince Regent to the king-
 
 41 
 
 dom of his ancestors : a kingdom saved, through 
 the blessing of Providence upon the arms and 
 counsels of this Country. Of those counsels I 
 had, from my official situation, been the humble 
 instrument and organ : nor was it perhaps altoge- 
 ther an unreasonable presumption, to hope that the 
 share which I had accidentally had in them might 
 have conciliated, even to so humble an individual as 
 myself, something of kindness from the Sovereign 
 whose crown and whose dominions had been thus 
 preserved and restored to him. I say, there- 
 fore, Sir, I cannot conceive circumstances which 
 would have afforded a better chance of making 
 some impression on the mind of a Prince na- 
 turally good, naturally religious, upon a matter 
 in which his personal character was the best, 
 perhaps the one, hope of success. 
 
 I can assure the Hon. Gentlemen, that of the 
 Instructions which I carried out with me, three- 
 fourths were directed to this object. And, besides 
 the instructions of my Noble Friend, the Secre- 
 tary of State, I had with me ample and most 
 useful suggestions from an Hon. Friend of 
 mine*, (whom I do not now see in his 
 
 * Mr. Wilberforce:
 
 42 
 
 place,) which should not have lain idle in 
 my desk. I hoped nothing, indeed, from the 
 " oratory" which the Hon. Baronet is pleased 
 (I suppose ironically) to attribute to me ; but 
 much from a good cause in zealous hands. I did 
 believe I do still believe, that had I had the op- 
 portunity of personal intercourse with the Prince, 
 I might have effected some good in this matter ; 
 and if it had pleased God that I should succeed in 
 it, I should neither have thought the expences of 
 my Mission ill employed, nor have felt any dis- 
 paragement to myself in having undertaken it. 
 
 So much for the objects in contemplation at the 
 commencement of the Mission. But these objects 
 
 were not attained True. And it is supposed, that 
 
 not to have attained them was to me matter of 
 great disappointment. In one sense, undoubtedly 
 it was so. I should have thought the settlement 
 of the question of the Slave Trade with one of 
 the Peninsular Powers, an object of importance 
 not easily to be over-rated. In another sense, I 
 do assure the Hon. Baronet and the Hon. Gentle- 
 man, that I had not experienced one half of 
 the satisfaction in accepting my Office which I felt 
 when I was permitted to resign it.
 
 43 
 
 When, after writing the letter of April the 
 10th, tendering my resignation, I yielded to 
 the request of my Noble Friend, and consented 
 to remain at my post so long as my services 
 might be thought necessary, I must beg the 
 House to observe, that the whole question of 
 the Mission had assumed an entirely new form. 
 The war had broken out ; and if there had not 
 then been a Minister of high diplomatic rank 
 at Lisbon, it would have been absolutely 
 necessary to appoint one. I failed, it is 
 true, in the main object of my negociations 
 during the war, the obtaining the aid of a 
 corps of Portuguese troops to act with the Allies 
 in Flanders. But why did I fail ? Precisely be- 
 cause that state of things existed in Portugal be- 
 cause that form of Local Government remained 
 there which it was the interest and the wish of 
 this Country to see altered. I failed because the 
 Sovereign himself was not at Lisbon : an addi- 
 tional proof, if any had been wanting, of the advis- 
 ableness of that return which we had endeavoured 
 to invite by every proper inducement, an addi- 
 tional proof of the inconvenience of leaving one of 
 the kingdoms of Europe with which Great Britain
 
 44 
 
 is most intimately allied, under a delegated Go- 
 vernment ; a government incapable, from the 
 very nature of their trust and from the immen- 
 sity of distance which separates them from their 
 Sovereign, of acting in all cases with the prompt- 
 ness and energy necessary for the glory of the 
 absent Sovereign, and for the welfare of his People. 
 
 Sir, I venture to hope that the House will feel that 
 I have satisfactorily disposed of the first part of 
 the question as to the Embassy, and justified the 
 nomination of a Mission of that character, on the 
 supposition (which I had before justified) of the 
 Prince Regent of Portugal's return. I now pro- 
 ceed to the second part of that question, the ex- 
 pense of the Mission. 
 
 If there was no delusion in the cause assigned for 
 the Embassy, if I have shewn that it was necessary 
 or highly expedient in the case supposed to exist, 
 it still remains to be inquired, whether or not it 
 was conducted on too costly a scale. I must ob- 
 serve, however, again, that if the belief in the re- 
 turn of the Prince and the expediency of an Em- 
 bassy to welcome him are not made out, one far- 
 thing of expenditure was too much; and if, there-
 
 45 
 
 fore, in the opinion of one honest and impar- 
 tial man who has heard me, what I have stated 
 appears to be founded in fraud or artifice, the 
 question of pecuniary expense is at an end. On 
 the other hand, if I have been so far successful, I 
 am prepared to challenge a like decision on the 
 issue now to be joined ; and to demonstrate that 
 the cost of this Mission was not only not prodigal 
 in proportion to its rank and character, but that 
 it was economical, in comparison with any stand- 
 ard with which it can in fairness be compared. 
 
 The Hon. Baronet has quoted a dictum of Sir 
 Robert Walpole's, that " every man has his price." 
 I do not think this maxim true, of men ; I do 
 not think it true that even every thing has its price. 
 Things must be estimated, not merely by their 
 intrinsic qualities, but by their relative fitness and 
 value. There is no rule for judging absolutely 
 what ought to be the cost of an Embassy. 
 There is no forming such an estimate d priori. 
 Facts and experience are the only grounds on 
 which you can safely or justly proceed. 
 
 I beg Gentlemen then to look at the printed ac- 
 counts of Missions, in the years 1812, 1813, and 
 1814; and I ask, Who could tell, on going to Lis-
 
 46 
 
 bon in the autumn of the latter year, what his ex- 
 penses were likely to be? Who is there that having 
 before him the expenditure of Sir Charles Stuart, 
 for the years 1812 13,and 1813 14, would have 
 ventured upon such a Mission, without coming to 
 some understanding as to the extent of his ex- 
 penditure, and as to the principles of its limit- 
 ation ? 
 
 I shall perhaps surprise the Hon. Baronet, when 
 I confess that an application on the subject of 
 Extraordinaries was made by me to the Govern- 
 ment. But in what sense was this application 
 made ? Was it for latitude and indulgence ? Was 
 it that I might be put upon the same footing and 
 allowed the same range, as my predecessor ? 
 No, Sir; it was for strictness, for definition, for 
 restraint. In the beginning of October, I wrote 
 a letter to my Noble Friend, Lord Liverpool, (my 
 Noble Friend* near me was then abroad,) an ex- 
 tract of which, with their permission, I will now 
 read to the House. The House will see that it 
 was of as private and familiar a style, and as 
 little destined for public citation, as that from 
 Lord Liverpool to me which I read to the House 
 a short time ago : 
 
 * Lord Castlereagh.
 
 47 
 
 " I have been looking over Stuart's Extraordinaries, and 
 " they really frighten me. It may be very well for him, or 
 tl any man not connected with Politics, to draw thus at 
 " discretion ; but it would not do for me. For God's 
 " sake, limit me to what you think right I can form no 
 "judgment of the matter ; only limit me, so that I may 
 ** have no responsibility." 
 
 This letter shews at least the quo animo, the 
 disposition with which I entered upon the sub- 
 ject. Is this the language of rapacity ? Is this 
 a petition for large emolument and unbounded 
 discretion ? Or does it not rather indicate a cau- 
 tious dislike of discretionary power, arising from 
 a dread of responsibility, and an anticipation 
 of injustice? the former of which I am not 
 ashamed of confessing I did feel ; the latter, I 
 have at this moment, God knows, no reason to 
 disavow. 
 
 Sir, in entering upon this most disagreeable 
 discussion disagreeable, because I must men- 
 tion the names of honourable men in a way 
 which may be liable to misconstruction, dis- 
 agreeable, because I must speak (though but 
 to repel them with scorn) of imputations with 
 which I never thought my own name liable
 
 48 
 
 to be stained, I beg leave to preface what I 
 have to say, by observing, that the name of Sir 
 Charles Stuart, or of any other person whom I 
 may have occasion to mention in my defence, is 
 brought forward by me most reluctantly. I have 
 no choice. The necessity is forced upon me. The 
 name of Sir Charles Stuart I mention with the 
 respect due to his talents and character. I con- 
 sider him as one who has rendered eminent 
 services to his Country, and from whom his 
 Country may confidently look for such services 
 hereafter. I believe him to be as free from pe- 
 cuniary taint, as I know myself to be. Large 
 as his expenditure at Lisbon may appear, I am 
 persuaded that it was at once justified and limited 
 by the necessity of the case. It is to be borne in 
 mind also that of the aggregate sums, which ap- 
 pear to have been expended by him, no small 
 proportion was simply and absolutely loss upon the 
 Exchange and upon the conversion of English 
 into Portuguese money. After these declarations, 
 I proceed to state the expenditure of the Lisbon 
 Mission, as it stood in Sir Charles Stuart's time ; 
 and the amount of his regular and extraordinary 
 allowances.
 
 49 
 
 For the year, from the 5th of April, 1812, to 
 the 5th of April, 1813, Sir Charles Stuart's Ex- 
 traordinaries appear to have been 26,807 
 
 Salary, 5,200 
 
 Total 32,007 
 
 For the next year, from the 5th of April, 1813, 
 to the 5th of April, 1814, the Extraordinaries 
 are stated at 26,006 
 
 Salary 5,200 
 
 Total .31,206 
 
 This was the conclusion of Sir Charles Stuart's 
 Mission. These Statements are all before the 
 House. They are to be found in pages 30 and 
 31 of the Report of the Committee on the 
 Civil List, in June, 1815; which Report I wish 
 that the Hon. Gentlemen opposite would have the 
 goodness to take into their hands, as I shall have 
 many occasions to refer to it. 
 
 Then comes a period which is particularly 
 selected as a contrast to my expenditure; namely, 
 the half year, beginning the 5th of April, 1814, 
 (the termination of Sir Charles Stuart's Mission,) 
 and ending the 10th of October, 1814, (the com- 
 
 E
 
 50 
 
 mencement of mine). Here my accusers take 
 their grand position. This is the narrow isthmus 
 between two rushing seas of expense, on which 
 they plant their standard of economy ! I do 
 not complain of them for doing so. I do not 
 blame the Hon. Gentleman who brought forward 
 this question, for moving for papers to illustrate 
 this position. But what I do think I have some 
 right to complain of is, that having obtained these 
 documents, they have some how or other totally 
 forgotten to notice their results. When it suited 
 the Hon. Mover's purpose, he asked for the 
 information ; and when he got it, and found 
 that it was not precisely what he wanted, it 
 suited his purpose to abstain from any observation 
 upon it. In this respect, he will excuse me 
 if, instead of following his example, I endeavour 
 to supply his omissions. 
 
 At Sir Charles Stuart's departure from Lisbon, 
 Mr. Casamajor, the Secretary of Legation, was 
 appointed Charge d' Affaires, receiving of course 
 the regular salary belonging to these two appoint 1 
 ments. As Mr. Casamajor's salary during 
 this half year was nearly the same as his salary of 
 Secretary of Embassy with me, and made but a
 
 51 
 
 trifling part of the expenses of either Mission, I 
 shall not take it into calculation. Not so, however, 
 as to his Extraordinary allowances ; which 
 during this economical half-year appear by 
 the Civib-List Report, p. 32, as well as by 
 Mr. Sydenham's testimony, to have amounted to 
 upwards of 2,500/. 
 
 I am not exactly informed at what period 
 between April and July Mr. Sydenham was 
 named Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to the Local Government of Portugal. 
 The first official Despatch to him that I have seen 
 is dated in July : but his nomination must have 
 preceded that Despatch by some weeks. He 
 had from the 5th of April the same salary as 
 had been enjoyed by Sir Charles Stuart. I 
 speak here of the regular salary of 5,200/. a 
 year, not of Extraordinary allowances. Mr. Syd- 
 enham arrived at Lisbon the end of the first week 
 of July. He remained there until the 27th or 
 28th of that month, when he embarked for England, 
 being obliged to quit his station suddenly on ac- 
 count of his health. These three weeks (or there- 
 abouts) were the whole of Mr. Sydenham's re- 
 sidence at Lisbon; and for these he received (I am 
 
 e2
 
 52 
 
 not blaming him, but I state the fact) two Quar- 
 ters' salary at the rate of 5,200/. a year that is 
 
 to say 2,600 
 
 he received also, for Outfit, 1,500 
 
 he received for his journey to Lisbon 1,100 
 and lastly he received (at a subse- 
 quent period) for losses occa- 
 sioned by his sudden relinquish- 
 ment of the Mission 2,000 
 
 In all 7,200 
 Add to this sum, Mr. Casamajor's , 
 Extraordinaries for the same pe- 
 riod . 2,500 
 
 The result of cost to the public, for 
 the half-year intervening between 
 Sir C. Stuart's Mission and mine, 
 is therefore , . 9,700 
 
 This was the reformed period which is to put 
 all past and future Ministers to shame ! This 
 was the rigid scale of economy which I ought to 
 have taken for my guide, and for departing from 
 which I am arraigned before this House and the 
 Country ! Yet hear how Mr. Sydenham describes 
 Mr. Casamajor's way of life. " I find," (says Mr.
 
 53 
 
 Sydenham, in his letter* to Mr. Hamilton of the 
 8th July, written immediately upon his arrival at 
 Lisbon) 
 
 " I find that Mr. Casamajor has been living in a very quiet 
 retired way, with no Suite to feed and lodge ; and by the 
 ** examination of his books I perceive that he does not live 
 " on less than 100/. a week." 
 
 Here was no establishment, no representation, 
 no call for display of any kind ; and yet the ordi- 
 nary expenses of Mr. Casamajors household, were 
 100/. a week, or at the rate of 5,200/. a year! 
 
 It is true, at least I have heard and believe,- 
 that during the three weeks that Mr. Sydenham 
 passed at Lisbon he lived in Mr. Casamajor's house. 
 But as to charge upon the publicMr. Sydenham 
 was thenin the enjoyment ofa yearly salary of5,200/. 
 which comes to exactly another 100/. a week. So 
 that independently of the extraordinary allowances 
 of Mr. Sydenham, for outfit, journey, and losses, 
 the aggregate of the regular Salary received by 
 him, joined to the Extraordinaries allowed to Mr. 
 Casamajor for weekly expenditure, for victus and 
 convictus,~d\ir'mg the economical half year, was 
 *t the rate of upwards of 10,000/. a year. 
 
 There is not upon earth a more honourable 
 
 * Appendix II, No. 1.
 
 54 
 
 mind than Mr. Casamajor's ; and I had my- 
 self the opportunity of verifying the statement 
 respecting his expenditure, by the inspec- 
 tion of his Books, at his own particular de- 
 sire. But I must take the liberty of remind- 
 ing the House, that from the moment at which 
 I arrived at Lisbon, Mr. Casamajor, then be- 
 coming Secretary of Embassy, became part 
 of my family; and as such, lived at my table. 
 From that time therefore his expenses (salary 
 excepted) were involved in mine. Why, Sir, if 
 I were to calculate by simple addition, or by the 
 rule of three, I might say, that, according to 
 what I have shewn you, on Mr. Sydenham's tes- 
 timony as well as my own two Casamajors 
 ought to have eaten up my whole allowances, 
 ordinary and extraordinary. And, by the way, 
 I had two Casamajors for in addition to the gen- 
 tleman of whom I have been speaking, and of 
 whom I speak with every feeling of kindness and 
 of respect, another gentleman, Mr. Croft, who 
 was recommended to me by my Noble Friend as 
 Secretary for the Portuguese language, (and who 
 had beer* with Sir C. Stuart in the same capa- 
 city) lived with me as one of my family, during
 
 55 
 
 the whole period of my Mission. I, of course, 
 do not mean seriously to state that the increase 
 of my expenses was in exact proportion to the 
 number of persons whom I had to maintain. But 
 I do mean seriously to shew the different foot- 
 ing upon which Mr. Sydenham and Mr. Casa- 
 major separately, or even Mr. Sydenham and 
 Mr. Casamajor jointly stood, in respect to the 
 claims upon their expenditure, from that in which 
 I stood, with all the accessary burdens, and all 
 the unavoidable representation, of an Embassy. 
 With neither of the two gentlemen, whom I had 
 the good fortune to have attached to me, Mr. Ca- 
 samajor or Mr. Croft, had I any personal ac- 
 quaintance before my Mission began. I learnt, 
 during our official and domestic intercourse, to 
 value and esteem them both. I am sorry to be 
 forced to mention their names in connection with 
 these miserable details ; but I am driven to it by 
 the unsparing coarseness of the attacks which 
 have been made upon me, and by the foolish, fal- 
 lacious, and dishonest contrast of my expenditure 
 with that of Mr. Sydenham; Mr. Sydenham's, 
 who, during his three weeks' residence at Lisbon, 
 was- an inmate in the house of Mr. Casamajor,
 
 56 
 
 and mine, who, during the whole period of my 
 Mission, had the Suite of an Embassy to maintain ! 
 
 And now, Sir, come we to the famous letter of 
 letters, upon which it seems that the whole of the 
 case against me is made to turn the letter* from 
 the Secretary of State to Mr. Sydenham, directing 
 him to confine his expenditure within his regular al- 
 lowances. Before this letter is made conclusive 
 against me, I might perhaps contend that it should 
 be shewn that I was in some degree, if not party 
 to it, cognizant of it. Upon my honour, I never 
 saw it till after the Hon. Gentleman's first notice 
 of his Motion. I cannot say that I had never 
 heard of it. I had heard, or perhaps seen in a 
 newspaper, that some such letter had been writ- 
 ten to Mr. Sydenham by my Noble Friend : 
 and I well remember that the same authority 
 stated the rate of 5,000/. a year as that which co- 
 vered all Mr. Sydenham's allowances. I have al- 
 ready shewn the accuracy of that statement. 
 
 But I wave this plea : I acknowledge the 
 authority of the letter; and if the circum- 
 stances of Mr. Sydenham's situation and mine 
 were the same,__and if the meaning of this letter 
 
 ...i n t */um+ 
 
 * Appendix II, No. 2.
 
 57 
 
 was what has been attributed to it, and if 
 that meaning was enforced against Mr. Syden- 
 ham, or was not remonstrated against by him, 
 I will admit that notwithstanding my ignorance 
 of the law I was bound by it, and am guilty 
 of not conforming to it. 
 
 And, first, what was Mr. Sydenham's situation ? 
 That of Envoy to the local Government ; mine, 
 that of Ambassador to the Sovereign. (With 
 the propriety of the appointment we have in 
 this part of the argument nothing to do). 
 Secondly, What was the meaning of the letter? 
 My Noble Friend, the writer of it, has told you, 
 that it did not mean the absolute exclusion of Ex- 
 traordinaries, which he held to be almost im- 
 possible ; but it did mean to prescribe the dis- 
 continuance of that rate of expenditure which had 
 brought, during the war, such heavy charge upon 
 the public. The letter itself says, 
 
 " I cannot anticipate any public grounds for continuing 
 " the expenditure of his Majesty's servants at Lisbon, on 
 " the scale on which it has been conducted during the con- 
 41 tinuance of the War in the Peninsula." 
 
 To be sure he could not. Who dreamt of an
 
 58 
 
 expenditure of upwards of 30,000/. a year in 
 time of peace? Lastly, the instructions which 
 were given, were they executed ? Did Mr. Syd- 
 enham think it practicable to conform to them ? 
 Did he receive them without a remonstrance, 
 and act up to them with strictness and fide- 
 lity? With fidelity, in the moral sense of the 
 word, I have no doubt he would have acted up to 
 them if he had remained at Lisbon ; but have we 
 no positive proof that he regarded the literal exe- 
 cution of them as impossible ? 
 
 And here, Sir, again I feel my self called upon to 
 guard against being supposed to mean any thing 
 unkind in the reference which I am compelled to 
 make to Mr. Sydenham. That Gentleman 
 is no more ! He has closed a distinguished 
 and honourable life, during which he endeared 
 himself to his friends, and has left behind him 
 an unspotted character. I implore of those who 
 hear me, that if a word should escape me in the 
 heat of argument, which can be thought to bear 
 any colour of disrespect to Mr. Sydenham's 
 memory, they will believe it to be wholly unin- 
 tentional. I am the last man living who would 
 wantonly throw a slur upon his reputation, or
 
 59 
 
 give a wound to the feelings of those who 
 mourn his loss. I would roost gladly have 
 avoided any allusion to him : but his name has 
 been made the vehicle for a foul calumny against 
 my character ; and the House will feel that not 
 to me who repel an attack, but to those who 
 have misused Mr. Sydenham's name for the pur- 
 poses of attack upon me, is to be imputed the 
 guilt of profaning (if it be profaned) the sanctity 
 of the tomb. 
 
 The fact is, that while the mandate to 
 Mr. Sydenham, directing him to confine his 
 expenses within certain limits, was traversing 
 the ocean in one direction, a remonstrance by 
 anticipation against such a limitation was on its 
 passage to the Foreign Office. Mr. Sydenham, 
 I suppose, might have heard rumours of such in- 
 tended restriction ; he knew, from what he saw 
 of Lisbon himself (in the amount of iVIr. Casa- 
 major's weekly bills), and from what he had heard 
 of it from others, that a literal- compliance with 
 that restriction was impracticable ; and, on the 8th 
 of July, the very day (I believe) after his arrival 
 at Lisbon, he thus addressed himself to Mr. Ha- 
 milton, the Under Secretary of State, (for the in-
 
 60 
 
 formation of my Noble Friend,) in the letter from 
 which I have already quoted an extract : 
 
 " While the Duke of Wellington was at Madrid, he spoke 
 ' to me on the subject of my Allowances at Lisbon, and he 
 * gave me the comfortable assurance of my being ruined, 
 " unless Government allowed me something more than the 
 " usual salary, diminished by the usual deductions in Eng- 
 " land, and the loss of Exchange. He promised to mention 
 " the subject to Lord Castlereagh ; and I have written to 
 " him to remind him of his promise. I find that Mr. Casa- 
 " major has been living in a very quiet, retired way, with no 
 " Suite to feed and lodge, and by the examination of his 
 " books, I perceive that he does not live on less than 100/. 
 " a week." 
 
 So far is printed*. Further on, in the same 
 letter, the Extract of which now lies before 
 me, he states that he " shall live with the greatest 
 possible economy, but that what he cannot pay 
 out of his allowances he shall trust to the Go- 
 vernment to pay for him." 
 
 Mr. Sydenham, as I have before observed, 
 resided about three weeks in Lisbon, namely, 
 from about the 7th or 8th to the 27th or 
 28th of July. I have already stated the al- 
 lowances, regular and extraordinary, which he 
 
 * Appendix, II. No. 1.
 
 61 
 
 received during that period or on account of 
 it viz, 2600/. Salary, 1500/. Outfit, 1100/. for - 
 the journey from Paris and Madrid to Lisbon. 
 All these sums are in the printed accounts of 
 the Civil List Report; and therefore Gentlemen 
 might have known them without moving for pa- 
 pers : but I was not aware, and I suppose they 
 were not aware, till in an evil hour they brought 
 it out by their own motion for papers, of the sum 
 of 2000/. for losses, which makes up the aggregate 
 of Mr. Sydenham's receipts on account of his 
 half-year's Mission, to 7,200/. 
 
 If it is said, that as this sum of 7,200/. includes 
 Outfit, and Allowances for journey and for losses, 
 it is not fairly to be stated as Mr. Sydenham's ex- 
 penditure for half a year, I readily admit that it is 
 not so : but then I must observe, that, on the same 
 ground the aggregate of my allowances cannot be 
 fairly stated as the expenditure of a year. The 
 cost of Outfit and Plate in my case would not have 
 been repeated another year ; any more than that of 
 Outfit, and Allowances for journey and for losses 
 would, in Mr. Sydenham's case, have been re- 
 peated in another half year. But it is quite fair 
 it is indeed absolutely necessary, since the contrast
 
 62 
 
 between Mr. Sydenham's half year and my year, 
 has been so much insisted on, to state, as I have 
 done, Mr. Sydenham's Salary joined to Mr. Casa- 
 major's Ecctraordinaries for the same half year, 
 as constituting the expenditure of the Mission for 
 that period. And it is fair to state the whole of 
 Mr. Sydenham's receipts joined to Mr. Casamajor's 
 Extraordinaries, as the aggregate expense of that 
 half year with which the aggregate of my receipts 
 for a whole year is to be compared. 
 
 Whatever comments, therefore, Gentlemen 
 may think proper to make on my conduct in 
 other respects, they will at least, I think, abandon 
 the contrast between Mr. Sydenham's Mission 
 and mine as to the rate of their respective cost 
 to the public. This point, on which they relied 
 so confidently, completely fails them. They 
 may, if they will, continue to arraign my political 
 sins ; but, if comparison with the period of Mr. 
 Sydenham's Mission be a decisive test of 
 economy, they must on that comparison absolve 
 me from pecuniary transgression. 
 
 But, Sir, it is not on pecuniary matters only 
 that they have guessed wrong as to me and 
 Mr* Sydenham. They flattered themselves that
 
 63 
 
 they had another case against me on his account; i 
 a case of hardship, as if this valuable public 
 servant had been displaced purposely to make way 
 for me. It has been asserted that I superseded 
 Mr. Sydenham. Sir, I did not supersede Mr. 
 Sydenham. If the fact were so, I know not 
 that it would constitute any charge against me. It 
 would, I believe, be the first time that the undoubted 
 right of the Crown to appoint and to change its 
 foreign Ministers has been made matter of charge, 
 or even of question, in Parliament. But the fact is 
 not so. Mr. Sydenham's Mission was irretrievably 
 at an end before mine began. He quitted Lisbon 
 not only unrecalled, but Without leave. He did 
 this from necessity, on account of the impaired 
 state of his health. He arrived in England (as I 
 have already had occasion to say) on or about the 
 8th of August. From that day to the 10th of October 
 he received in England his appointments as Mi- 
 nister at Lisbon. Are the economists angry that 
 he did not continue so to receive them longer ? 
 He was neither then, nor at any subsequent period 
 before his death (as I shall presently shew, by a 
 document founded on his own representations) in 
 a state of health to admit of his resuming the
 
 64 
 
 Lisbon Mission or accepting any other. If he had 
 happily been so, my Noble Friend will bear tes- 
 timony not only to the fact, but to my knowledge 
 of the fact, that another and more important em- 
 ployment was in contemplation for him. So much 
 for that charge. 
 
 I have in my hand a copy of the letter from the 
 Foreign Office to the Treasury, which authorized 
 the payment to Mr. Sydenham of that sum of 2000/. 
 for losses, which forms the last item in his account. 
 I almost wonder, by the bye, that I have not been 
 told in distinct terms that this 2000/. was given 
 to Mr. Sydenham to reconcile him to my super- 
 session of him. The House, if they will allow me 
 to take the liberty of reading this Letter to them, 
 will see how that matter stands. I am ready to 
 move for its being laid on the table, if they think 
 it necessary. It is luckily the last document of 
 the kind with which I shall have occasion to try 
 their patience. It is as follows : 
 
 " Foreign Office, Oct. 25, 1815. 
 "My Lords, 
 
 " Thomas Sydenham, Esq. late His Majesty's Envoy 
 
 " Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court 
 
 " of Lisbon, has represented to me the very great expense
 
 65 
 
 " he was at in making preparations to undertake that Mis- 
 " sion, with a view to a permanent residence at Lisbon, 
 " and the great loss he sustained by the sudden disposal of 
 " his effects, &c. on his being obliged to relinquish that 
 " Mission, on account of the dangerous state of his health, 
 " after a residence of only a few months, whereby he has been 
 " a loser of considerably more than Two Thousand pounds, 
 " and is thereby involved in difficulties beyond the reach of 
 " his private fortune to satisfy. 
 
 (There is a slight error of inadvertency here 
 as to the period of Mr. Sydenham's actual resi- 
 dence at Lisbon which was, as I have shewn, 
 weeks only and not months. I now come to a 
 passage to which I particularly wish to call the 
 attention of the House.) 
 
 " Having considered this application, it has appeared to 
 " me under the peculiar circumstances of the case (Mr. 
 " Sydenham's state of health still preventing his being em- 
 " ployed in the Diplomatic Service of His Majesty), to be 
 "just and reasonable that Mr. Sydenham should receive a 
 " compensation on account of these losses. I am therefore 
 " to desire your Lordships will be pleased to take the Com- 
 " mands of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, with re- 
 " gard to the issue of the sum of Two Thousand Pounds, 
 
 F
 
 66 
 
 " nett, to Mr. Sydenham, or his Assigns, as a compensation 
 " for the losses above-stated." 
 
 Is this also a sham letter and a concerted 
 fraud? Perhaps the date will help us to a solu- 
 tion of this question. It is dated the 25th October, 
 1815, that is to say, six months after I had ten- 
 dered the resignation of my Mission, and three 
 months after my resignation had been accepted 
 a period therefore when, if Mr. Sydenham's 
 health had been sufficiently restored to enable 
 him to resume his station at Lisbon, there had 
 been for three months no impediment what- 
 ever, and for six months no impediment on 
 my part, to his resuming it. It was manifestly 
 the hopelessness of his return to public life that 
 weighed with the Foreign Office in writing, 
 this letter ; to which I am happy to have had 
 an opportunity of referring, both for the proof 
 which it affords of good-natured and considerate 
 disposition, and the just testimony which it bears 
 to the merits and character of Mr. Sydenham. I 
 had not the honour and the happiness of a per- 
 sonal acquaintance with Mr. Sydenham. I knew
 
 67 
 
 him only by reputation, by the report of com- 
 mon friends, whose report would of itself have 
 been sufficient to ensure my belief of his good qua- 
 lities, and by the exhibition of his talents in that 
 memorable investigation which was carried on in 
 a Committee of this House upon the renewal of 
 the East-India Company's Charter. In the course 
 of that examination the Gentlemen connected with 
 India displayed a degree of ability and informa- 
 tion, which perhaps could not have been matched, 
 certainly not excelled, in any other service, or in 
 any other country. Among these very able men 
 Mr. Sydenham stood eminently distinguished, 
 evincing a capacity for great affairs and a fitness 
 for important employments, such as are rarely 
 to be found even in more practised Statesmen. If, 
 therefore, I have been driven to say any thing of 
 this Gentleman (I hope I have not, I am sure I have 
 not intended it) which may have appeared in any 
 degree disrespectful or disparaging, if I have 
 been obliged to soil the name of a high-minded 
 and liberal man with money, the blame (I repeat 
 it) is not with me, but with those who forced 
 Mr. Sydenham's name into this discussion. 
 
 I now, Sir, come to the details of the expendi- 
 f 2
 
 ture of my own Mission, the account of which is 
 among the papers upon the table. The Hon. Gen- 
 tleman who made the Motion, has had the good- 
 ness to compliment me on the minuteness and accu- 
 racy of my calculations. I understand the nature 
 of the Hon. Gentleman's compliment ; and I see 
 that he has been taught thoroughly to understand 
 the nature of the advantage which he has over 
 me on this day. Undoubtedly any charge con- 
 nected with money places the accused in a di- 
 lemma of painful difficulty, a difficulty the more 
 painful in proportion to the consciousness of his 
 innocence, and to the warmth of his indignation. 
 If he contents himself as is the first natural 
 impulse of every honourable mind with ge- 
 neral and lofty denial, he exposes himself to be 
 triumphed over as having evaded investigation ; 
 and figures are then invoked as the only test of 
 truth. If on the other hand he condescends to 
 detailed arithmetical calculation, he becomes 
 liable to such compliments as those of the Hon. 
 Gentleman ; and must feel (as I do now) a certain 
 inevitable degradation in the very process by 
 which he is to be justified. It is certainly not 
 without such pain that I made up my mind to this
 
 69 
 
 latter alternative. Those who know me in private 
 life are, I am afraid, too well aware how little 
 I am versed in questions either of arithmetic or 
 of economy, not to have been as much surprised, 
 as the Hon. Gentleman professes himself to be 
 gratified, at the proficiency in figures which is 
 displayed in the Papers before the House ; parti- 
 cularly in that laboured Despatch of mine of the 
 30th of May, 1815. In truth, I availed myself, 
 for the purpose of those statements and calcula- 
 tions, of the aid of persons much more conver- 
 sant with such matters than I can pretend to be. 
 I beg the Hon. Gentleman also to understand 
 that I do not profess, in these accounts, to state 
 my whole expenditure at Lisbon, but only my 
 expenditure of public money. 
 
 Sir, the expenditure of Sir Charles Stuart's 
 Mission for the two years, 1812-13, and 1813-14, 
 and that of the interval between the conclusion 
 of Sir Charles Stuart's Mission and my appoint- 
 ment, can hardly be denied to justify the nominal 
 amount of the allowances assigned to me. But 
 that nominal amount and the real effective value 
 were very different indeed. For my actual ex- 
 penditure (as distinguished from nominal receipt 
 or rather nominal issue), a fair but strict standard
 
 70 . 
 
 of comparison is furnished by the Report of the 
 Civil-List Committee of June, 1815. If it shall 
 appear that my whole actual expenditure as Am- 
 bassador, tallied within a very trifle with the 
 amount fixed by that Committee and sanc- 
 tioned by the House for a Minister at Lisbon of 
 the second order, I think it will not be imputed 
 that I abused the discretion confided to me. 
 
 Assuredly I did not, on going out to Lisbon, 
 anticipate the trial of this day; but I did, as has 
 been seen, dread and deprecate any unlimited 
 pecuniary discretion. It has been shewn how 
 anxious I was to have the limits of my expendi- 
 ture defined : and within those limits, whatever 
 they might be, I resolved to restrict myself. 
 
 My nominal allowances were, as I have said, 
 and as appears from the papers upon the table* 
 
 Salary ". . . . 8,200 
 
 Extraordinaries, not to exceed 6,000 
 
 Total 14,200 
 
 Of this amount of Extraordinaries I drew 
 only for three-fourths, or 4,500/. I received, 
 (like every other Minister of whatever rank) the 
 sum of 1,500/. for Outfit. If that sum be taken 
 as replacing the 1,500/. Extraordinaries which I 
 
 * Appendix, I. No. 2.
 
 71 
 
 declined to draw, the result of Salary, Extraor- 
 dinaries, and Outfit for that one year {Outfit could 
 only be a charge on the first year,) is, as above, 
 14,200/. I had Plate, like other Ambassadors and 
 Envoys Extraordinary &c, but upon the scale of 
 an Envoy. 
 
 Having no rule or experience to guide me, all 
 that I could determine was to consider the esta- 
 blished recognized amount of the Salary as the limit 
 of my public expenditure ; and to draw for no more 
 Extraordinaries than should make up the nominal 
 Salary of 8,200/. to that effective amount. Had 
 therefore that Salary been paid free from deduc- 
 tions at home, and without loss on the ex- 
 change and on the conversion into Portuguese 
 money I should not have drawn for one shilling 
 of Extraordinaries for my Expenses at Lisbon. 
 But the case was very different. This nominal 
 Salarywas liable to deductions amounting to no less 
 than about sixteen per cent, in England, which re- 
 duced it from 8,200/. to about 6,900/. ; and this latter 
 sum again to a loss of something more than twelve 
 per cent, in its transit and conversion, reducing it 
 from 6,900/. to somewhere between 6,100/. and 
 6,000/.
 
 72 
 
 This statement applies to the first three quarters 
 of the year, ending the 5th of July, 1815. In July, 
 I received the Report of the Civil-List Committee, 
 to which I have so often had occasion to refer. 
 From that time, therefore, I had what I had 
 always wished a positive written public rule, not 
 laid down indeed for my Mission, but which I 
 might safely take for my guide. By the Civil- 
 List Report, the Minister to Portugal was con- 
 sidered prospectively on the footing not of an 
 Ambassador, but of an Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary. To that Minister 
 of the second order the Report assigned a 
 salary of 8,000/. a year. It further recommended 
 that all sums for Foreign Missions should be paid 
 free of all deductions except the property-tax ; thus 
 relieving the issues of Salary from all the esta- 
 blished legal defalcations at home, amounting to 
 about six per cent., (in addition to the property- 
 tax,) and from all losses by Exchange, or other- 
 wise, in the transmission abroad. At the same 
 time, the allowance for Outfit, which had been 
 hitherto in all cases, and for all ranks, only 1,500/. 
 a sum which is stated by the Report not to be suf- 
 ficient to cover above one-third or one-fourth of
 
 73 
 
 the real expense, was raised to 4,000/. ; and an 
 annual allowance of 500/. was given for house- 
 rent. These several arrangements are to be found 
 in pp. 47 and 48, of the Civil-List Report, to 
 which I beg the Gentlemen who do me the 
 honour to watch what I am saying, to refer. 
 Deducting 800/. the property-tax, from the Salary 
 of 8,000/. these issues to the new Envoy would 
 amount to 11,700/. nett for the first year; and to 
 7,700/. nett for every subsequent year. And this 
 exclusive of Plate', for which the Report makes a 
 special provision. 
 
 When I received the copy of this Report, I in- 
 stantly determined that, so long as the Mission 
 continued in my hands, I would limit myself 
 strictly to the amount specified in it. For the last 
 quarter, therefore, (from July the 5th to October 
 10th, 1815), I conformed to the new scale of ordi- 
 nary allowances, and received only 1,800/. nett, 
 without any Extraordinaries whatever. The Ex- 
 change was now, in consequence of the termination 
 of the war, become so favourable as in a great mea- 
 sure to counteract the loss upon the paper-money, 
 which continued to be about 7 per cent. The 
 result of this counteraction was, that the loss
 
 74 
 
 upon 1,800/. by the Exchange and paper-money 
 jointly, which three months before would have 
 been about 220/., was now only about 70/. 
 
 Of the 6,000/. Extraordinaries which I had li- 
 berty to draw, I drew only for so much as was 
 sufficient, 
 
 First to replace the deductions on 6,150/. 
 being three Quarters of nominal Salary at the 
 old rate of 8,200/. (gross), and on 1,800/. one 
 quarter at the new rate of 7,200/. (nett); 
 
 Secondly, to make up the old allowance for 
 Outfit, viz. 1,500/. to the sum of 4,000/. specifi- 
 cally allowed by the Committee. And not one 
 farthing more, so help me God ! 
 
 So scrupulously did I adhere to these limits, 
 (which seemed to me to have been formed on 
 a clear principle and which had the sanction 
 of the House of Commons,) that finding that 
 my Agent had drawn, for the last Quarter, a 
 sum of 1,500/. as Extraordinar-ies, (at the rate 
 of the 6,000/. originally allowed to me,) I directed 
 him to return that sum to the Treasury* : and I 
 declare, on my conscience, that when I gave this 
 direction, I had no more expectation that the 
 
 * Appendix, I. No. 11.
 
 75 
 
 transaction would ever be known to any one ex- 
 cept to my Agent, to my Right Hon. Friend* 
 near me, whom I requested to see my direction 
 executed to my Noble Friendf, (whose permis- 
 sion was necessary,) and to the Treasury, (to 
 which the return was made,) I had no more ex- 
 pectation that I should ever have to state this 
 transaction privately or publicly in vindication of 
 my character, than I had apprehension that on 
 such grounds my character would ever be assailed. 
 It is undoubtedly still open to the Hon. Gentle- 
 men who are the framers and supporters of the 
 impeachment against me, to recur to the charge 
 that the Mission to Lisbon was unnecessary ; to find 
 fault, if they please, with my personal conduct in 
 accepting it (of which a word by-and-by); and to 
 censure the mode in which I may have discharged 
 the duties of it : but as to pecuniary imputa- 
 tion, I stand upon a rock. I stand upon the 
 authority of a Committee of this House, ap- 
 pointed long after my Embassy was established 
 and endowed ; and not merely approving by re- 
 trospect the amount of its actual endowment; but 
 recommending prospectively the same endowment 
 for a Mission of a lower character. Before that 
 
 * Mr. Huskisson. t Lord Castlereagh.
 
 76 
 
 Report was known to me, with the power to 
 go to a certain extent of expense, I restrained 
 myself within that extent, to limits narrowed 
 by my own sense of what was right. As soon 
 as I had the authority of that Report to guide 
 me, I adhered to it voluntarily and strictly, 
 living as an Ambassador within the allowances 
 assigned for an Envoy. To other allegations of 
 misconduct, political or prudential, I may be ob- 
 noxious ; but surely no fair adversary, after this 
 exposition, will impute to my Embassy either a 
 wasteful prodigality on the part of the Govern- 
 ment, or a corrupt rapacity on mine. 
 
 I am afraid I have already wearied the House 
 with figures : but there is another calculation, 
 of which the result is so striking, that I cannot 
 help requesting of the House to allow me to state 
 it to them. Its elements are few, and the pro- 
 cess short and simple. I particularly request at- 
 tention to it from the Right Hon. Gentleman* 
 who sits opposite to me, whose skill in these 
 matters peculiarly qualifies him to detect any error 
 in the statement. 
 
 The Report of the Committee on the Civil-List 
 
 * Mr. Tierney.
 
 77 
 
 fixes the Salary of the Lisbon Envoy at 8,000/., 
 to be reduced by the deduction of the property- 
 tax to 7,200/. This sum of 7,200/. was to be re- 
 ceived nett at Lisbon, free from all other deduc- 
 tions at home and from loss by Exchange and con- 
 version abroad. Sir, I desired a person far better 
 skilled in calculations than I am, to make out for 
 me how much must have been received nett from 
 the Treasury here, to produce 7,200/. nett, in 
 Lisbon, during the year 1814-15 ? The following 
 is the statement of my arithmetician. 
 
 The first addition to be made is that of the 
 amount necessary to cover the average loss of 
 something more than 12 per cent, by Exchange and 
 paper money : this would be about 980 
 which being added to 7,200 
 
 gives <^8, 1 80 
 
 as the sum necessary to have been received nett in 
 England, in order to produce 7,200/. nett in Lisbon. 
 But, again; how much would it have been 
 necessary for the Treasury to issue gross to 
 produce (on the footing on which my salary 
 was issued) 8,180/. nett in England ? The deduc- 
 tions at the Exchequer, I have shewn, amounted
 
 78 
 
 to about 16 per cent., the property-tax included. 
 The sum necessary to cover these deductions, 
 
 would be about . . . . . 1,556 
 
 which, added to 8,180 
 
 shews, that the gross issue at the Treasury 
 must have been about 9,736 
 
 Add to thjs sum the allowance for Outfit . . 4,000 
 
 Add the allowance for House-rent (to which 
 by the way might be added 12 per cent, 
 for loss on Exchange, &c.) 500 
 
 And the gross nominal issues at the Trea- 
 sury to meet the recommendation of the 
 Committee, for the first year of the new 
 Envoy, must have been . < 14,236 
 
 Does not the very sound of this sum carry con- 
 viction, and I could almost hope compunction, 
 to the bosoms of my accusers? Does it not excite 
 in the minds of all impartial men, an indignant 
 recollection of the arts and the clamours, by which, 
 during two years and a half, I have been stig- 
 matized to the Country as an instance of unex- 
 ampled waste, as an insatiable pillager of the 
 Exchequer? 
 
 Sir, of the pecuniary charge I trust that
 
 79 
 
 I may here take my leave. After my own vin- 
 dication however (which must on every account 
 be nearest to my heart), I confess, I am most 
 anxious to put the well-intentioned part of the 
 Nation on their guard against those exagge- 
 rations for mischievous purposes, by which 
 public men are run down. If the result of this 
 night shall warn them not to be too easily misled 
 into the belief of monstrous and improbable cor- 
 ruptions, I cannot say that I shall not still regret 
 the calumnies with which I have been over- 
 whelmed, but I shall be in some degree re- 
 warded and consoled for them. 
 
 I have thus disposed of the two main heads of 
 accusation. I have shewn that there was a sincere 
 and well-grounded belief in the return of the Prince 
 Regent of Portugal to Europe : and I have shewn 
 that the cost of the Embassy appointed to receive 
 him on his return was not only not extravagant, but 
 that according to every test by which expendi- 
 ture can be tried, whether of contrast with what 
 had gone before, or of comparison with what has 
 been deliberately established for the future, it was 
 limited by a reasonable and scrupulous economy.
 
 80 
 
 Some minor charges remain to be refuted. 
 
 I am accused of having held the Mission after 
 all hope of executing the duty which I undertook 
 to fulfil was abandoned. But, before I enter on 
 this point, lam reminded that I am accused also of 
 havingassumed the Mission too soon. It is said that 
 Iassumed itin October, although the PrinceofBra- 
 zil could not be expected in Europe for six months 
 from that date. Now if there were any ground 
 for supposing that the return was altogether a false 
 pretence, the acceptance of the Embassy sooner or 
 later would be of no consequence ; the acceptance 
 of it at all was a crime. But if the Prince Regent 
 of Portugal was to come to Europe, there was 
 fair probability that Sir John Beresford might have 
 landed him at Lisbon in February. Sir John Beres- 
 ford sailed from Portsmouth on the fifth of Oc- 
 tober. True, he was driven back to Plymouth after 
 havingbeen some days at sea. But as tothelength 
 of the passage, he did reach the Brazils in seven 
 weeks from the date of his last sailing (that too 
 with a convoy under his protection) ; and it was 
 not only no improbable expectation, but it was 
 the belief of Sir John Beresford himself, stated 
 repeatedly to the Prince Regent of Portugal, that
 
 81 
 
 from five to six weeks would be sufficient for the 
 voyage from Rio de Janeiro. It is true, that the 
 hypothesis was, that the Prince Regent would be 
 ready to embark, and would have made all the 
 preparations necessary for his depature, between 
 the period of his writing for a squadron and its 
 arrival. Such in fact was our expectation ; and 
 upon that supposition (as I have said before) the 
 arrival at Lisbon of the Prince Regent himself 
 would have been the first intelligence that 
 would have been received there of his departure 
 from Rio de Janeiro. I sailed in the beginning 
 of November. I landed at Lisbon (I think) on 
 the first of the following month. I had no more 
 doubt of the impatience of the Portuguese Royal 
 Family to return to Europe than I have that I 
 am now addressing this House. I consequently 
 reckoned upon their arrival in Lisbon almost as 
 soon after my own as I could conveniently be 
 prepared to receive them. In the month of Fe- 
 bruary, I well remember, we used to be looking 
 out at Lisbon, at every favourable turn of the 
 wind, for the arrival of Sir John Beresford 
 with his Royal passengers, in the Tagus, The 
 only period therefore, during which I can be 
 accused of receiving a salary without executing a 
 
 G
 
 82 
 
 public duty, is that between the date of my 
 appointment and my sailing for Lisbon, a 
 period of about three weeks. Surely this then is a 
 charge of minute and petty captiousness. It is said 
 that Nature abhors a vacuum ; and I believe it may 
 be equally said that an Exchequer Quarter abhors a 
 fraction. Mysalary was reckoned from the 10th of 
 October, the Quarter-day which preceded by about 
 ten days my taking leave at Carlton House ; 
 and which preceded my actual departure (as I have 
 said) by about three weeks. Of the scores or hun- 
 dreds of Missions which have gone out from this 
 country for the last century, I very much doubt 
 whether one could be found whose allowances had 
 begun to run from so short a period before 
 its departure. If this, Sir, be not a sufficient 
 defence on such a matter, I can only give myself 
 up to the mercy of the House, with a frank 
 expression of my regret that I was gazetted three 
 weeks too soon. 
 
 As to retaining my Office too long, I have al- 
 ready answered to this point incidentally, but I 
 must briefly answer to it again here in its proper 
 order. The first loose intimations of a doubt of 
 the return of the Prince Regent to his European 
 dominions arrived in England in the month of
 
 83 
 
 March. They reached me at Lisbon on the 9th 
 of April. On the 10th of April I wrote to the 
 Foreign Office, tendering my resignation. I was 
 desired to continue in the exercise of my 
 functions ; and from that moment the Mission en- 
 tirely changed its character. I was no longer 
 the pageant Ambassador to a non-forthcoming 
 Sovereign. The war had broken out, with 
 the ominous re-appearance of Buonaparte : and 
 who was there in this Country, or in Europe, 
 that ventured to predict its speedy, its mira- 
 culous termination ? Who could presume to say 
 what might be its course ; or what the extent 
 of effort required to give effect to its operations? 
 Henceforth, therefore, I filled, (whether worthily 
 or not, is another question,) a situation of 
 business, at a not insignificant post, and at 
 a most eventful crisis. If / had not been on 
 the spot, another must have been appointed, 
 a Minister of the second order, if you please, 
 but even if so, with all the allowances and ex- 
 penses incident to a Minister of the second order 
 at Lisbon, which I have^already shewn to be, ac- 
 cording to the recommendation of the Civil List 
 Report, substantially the same as mine. Hence- 
 forth, therefore, I did not add one farthing to the 
 
 g 2
 
 84 
 
 unavoidable expenses of the Country. It may be 
 alleged, that a more able individual might have 
 been found to discharge the duties of the Mission ; 
 and that I did wrong in continuing to do what 
 others might have done better ; but there is not 
 a shadow of pretence for affirming that my continu- 
 ance at Lisbon laid any burden upon the Public, or 
 that any saving could have been effected by the 
 acceptance of my resignation on the 10th of April. 
 It is obvious that in the refusal to accept my 
 resignation, I was wholly passive ; but neither 
 does my Noble Friend require any justifica- 
 tion for having recommended to the Prince 
 Regent to decline accepting it. My Noble 
 Friend is sufficiently justified by the case 
 itself, and by his subsequent conduct. For no 
 sooner was the battle of Waterloo fought, and 
 the war thus happily ended, (almost as soon as 
 begun), than my Noble Friend signified to me 
 His Royal Highness's acceptance of the resigna- 
 tion which had been before declined. It is true, 
 that it was not until three months after this no- 
 tification that I was finally relieved from the Mis- 
 sion. Amidst the important negotiations in which 
 my Noble Friend was then engaged, he appears 
 to have forgotten that he had not appointed any
 
 85 
 
 one to receive the business and correspondence 
 of the Lisbon Mission, out of my hands. Por- 
 tugal and myself had (no wonder) sunk into in- 
 significance and oblivion ; and up to the beginning 
 of August, no successor to me was appointed. 
 Did I think this a lucky chance? Did I go on 
 quietly to enjoy the advantage of this oblivion ? 
 No. After about a month had elapsed without 
 hearing any thing from the Foreign Office, 
 I wrote to my Noble Friend, to remind him of my 
 existence : and, apprehending him to be as he in 
 fact was absent from England, I wrote by the 
 same packet a private letter to Lord Bathurst, beg- 
 ging leave, in case any difficulty should have 
 occurred in the nomination of a successor, to 
 recommend Mr. Croft (whom I have already men- 
 tioned as having been first introduced to me by 
 my Noble Friend,) as a person perfectly compe- 
 tent to act as Charge d 'Affaires ; and offering, at 
 the same time, the aid of my unofficial advice, 
 so long as I should remain (which I intended to 
 do through the winter) in Portugal. I desire to 
 know if this conduct can be characterized as a 
 clinging to my Office ? or whether my pertinacity 
 in adhering to it was more than exactly on 
 a par with my eagerness in seeking it ?
 
 86 
 
 Perhps, Sir, I might now sit down perfectly- 
 satisfied with having cleared the integrity of my 
 conduct ; and, perhaps, with a feeling rather of 
 gratitude than of hostility towards those who, 
 by manfully giving a distinct and substantive 
 shape to their allegations, have afforded me an 
 opportunity of refuting them. But I cannot 
 pass by the taunts of the Hon. Baronet, and 
 the grave admonitions of the Hon. Mover of 
 the question, without assuring them, that so 
 long as I possess in my own breast the con- 
 sciousness of integrity, such assailments, whether 
 taunting or monitory, will excite in it no emo- 
 tion warmer than contempt. I must above all 
 things assure the Hon. Baronet, that no attempt 
 to impeach my character and to degrade me (as 
 he flattered himself this proceeding might do) in 
 that estimation with this House which constitutes 
 all that is valuable and all that is efficient in a 
 public man, no such attempt, I say, will 
 cause me to lower my voice one key, or to 
 abate one jot of my exertions, in opposing and 
 exposing those doctrines of which the Hon. Ba- 
 ronet is the representative and the champion. 
 Let not the Hon. Baronet flatter himself with 
 any such result from this attack upon my re-
 
 87 
 
 putation. Let him not flatter himself with the 
 hope of such a result from his asperity to- 
 night, or from his menaces for the future. If I 
 am satisfied to have done right, for the peace 
 of my own conscience, I am also glad to have 
 made that right apparent, mainly because I know 
 how necessary are the good opinion and the favour- 
 ing attention of this House, to enable me to 
 exert myself successfully for the defeat of those 
 projects which the Hon. Baronet has at heart, 
 and which, I verily believe, would bring this 
 Country to ruin. The Hon. Baronet has spoken 
 out : and the only sentiment with which I am in- 
 spired by the bitterness of his declared enmity, 
 and by the burst of his anticipated triumph, is that 
 of a pride I hope an honest and pardonable 
 pride, at the proof which he has thus uninten- 
 tionally afforded of the reasons to which I am 
 indebted for his hostility. It is because I 
 am held in hatred and in fear by those who 
 share the Hon. Baronet's opinions, that by 
 them I have been sought to be destroyed. 
 I have been sought to be destroyed, because 
 I have declared myself (with what effect 
 it becomes not me to say, but with all my 
 heart and soul)~against schemes, which if un-
 
 88 
 
 checked, would bring destruction upon those hal- 
 lowed institutions by which the mixed and free 
 Government of this great kingdom is upholden, 
 and from which the practical blessings of our 
 Constitution are derived. 
 
 Sir, I thus dismiss all that part of the charges 
 which, if substantiated, would have established 
 against me the guilt of criminality or of culpable 
 misconduct. But I wish to leave nothing unno- 
 ticed, whether of charge or of insinuation, 
 whether conveying the imputation of positive guilt, 
 or only implying discredit and disparagement. 
 
 It is made matter of accusation and reproach 
 against me that I have accepted Office with my 
 Noble Friend* who sits beside me, between 
 whom and myself it is assumed that our former 
 differences had placed an impassable barrier. 
 First, from what quarter comes this reproach 
 and accusation? From a bench, on which I do 
 not see any two neighbours who have not differed 
 from each other, and that within short memory 
 too, much more essentially than myself and 
 my Noble Friend. But it is insinuated 
 that the differences between my Noble Friend 
 * Lord Castlereagh.
 
 89 
 
 and myself were of a sort which precluded 
 reconciliation ! Since when have such matters 
 become topics of parliamentary discussion ? Since 
 when has it been the practice of this House 
 to take cognizance of the disagreements of indi- 
 viduals, and to indulge in such animadversions 
 on the most delicate topics of personal conduct 
 as in private society no Gentleman would 
 venture to hazard? Since when, I say, has 
 this practice commenced ? and how far is it to 
 be carried? I know of no precedent for it. I 
 know of no authority. It is not for my own sake, 
 but for the sake of this House, that I protest 
 against it; for, if this practice be permitted, our 
 discussions must inevitably sink into grosser per- 
 sonalities than have disgraced the meetings of 
 Palace-Yard and of Spa- Fields. 
 
 The Hon. Baronet is entirely mistaken as to 
 what he supposes me to have addressed to my 
 Constituents at Liverpool in 1812. Nothing that 
 I then said was intended to convey, or did convey, 
 the notion that I was precluded by any feeling, 
 or (in my own judgment) by any principle, from 
 acting in Office with my Noble Friend. I had 
 declared the directly contrary opinion some 
 months before, in a correspondence respecting the 
 formation of an Administration, which the dis~
 
 90 
 
 cussions of those times brought before the public, 
 and which is now upon record. What is not 
 publicly recorded is, that some time after those 
 discussions had closed, but six or eight weeks 
 before my Election at Liverpool, other negotiations, 
 which had for their object my return to Office, had 
 taken place; amongst the proposed arrange- 
 ments of which, my Noble Friend with a manli- 
 ness and generosity which I hope I felt as they 
 deserved had voluntarily tendered to my accept- 
 ance the seals of the Office which he now holds. 
 Other reasons induced me to decline that tender. 
 I might be right or wrong in my view of those 
 reasons. One among them was, that I was at 
 that time embarrassed with respect to a most 
 important question (the discussion of which is 
 now fixed for no distant day) by pledges which I 
 could best hope to redeem with unquestioned 
 fidelity and honour, by remaining out of Office 
 till I had redeemed them. But what would be 
 thought of me what should I deserve to bethought 
 of by any liberal mind_if, after such a transaction 
 as I have described, I could ever pause for a mo- 
 ment, to consider in what order with respect to 
 each other my Noble Friend and I should march 
 towards our common objects in the service of 
 the Country ? In that transaction, any feelings
 
 91 
 
 which had previously separated my Noble Friend 
 and myself were buried for ever. The very 
 memory of them was effaced from our minds : 
 nor can I compliment the good taste of those 
 who would call them up from oblivion ; surely not 
 with the vain hope of exasperating differences 
 anew, but with the purpose of making a recon- 
 cilement now of five years' standing, a subject of 
 suspicion, taunt and obloquy. 
 
 "What I have said, Sir, is, I hope, a sufficient 
 comment upon the notable discovery that I ac- 
 cepted public employment not with, but under, my 
 Noble Friend. This paltry distinction, I can 
 assure those who are so vain of it, occasions me 
 not the slightest uneasiness. When Lord Pem- 
 broke went out to Vienna, and the Marquis Wel- 
 lesley to Spain, during (or under, if you will) my 
 administration of the Foreign Department, had 
 I the ridiculous vanity to fancy that these distin- 
 guished Noblemen acted under me, in any sense 
 of degrading subordination ? Or is it imagined 
 that when the Duke of Wellington undertook his 
 Mission to Paris, my Noble Friend, conceived 
 that he was therefore entitled to claim a pre-emi- 
 nence over the deliverer of Europe ? They know 
 little, Sir, of the spirit of our Constitution, they 
 are very ill acquainted with the duties that it im-
 
 92 
 
 poses, and the privileges that it confers, who are 
 not aware, that in whatever station a man may 
 be called upon to serve his Sovereign and his 
 Country, there is among Statesmen, co-operating 
 honestly for the public good, a real substantive 
 equality which no mere official arrangement can 
 either create or destroy ; they who are yet to 
 learn, that in a free Country like ours, it is for 
 the Man to dignify the Office, not for the Office 
 to dignify the Man. 
 
 Sir, I have now done. I have humbly to 
 apologize to the House for having trespassed upon 
 them so long, and to thank them for their indul- 
 gent attention. The manner in which I have 
 been heard by the House, has been such as satis- 
 fies me that they justly and kindly considered 
 how much I had at stake on this day. If I have 
 succeeded, (as my conscience tells me that I must 
 have done,) in refuting the charges brought against 
 me, I have not spoken in vain ; and you, Sir, 
 will not regret having listened to me. If I have 
 not succeeded, if the House shall be of opinion 
 that any stain remains upon my character, then 
 indeed, Sir, have I troubled you too long ; but I 
 have troubled you for the last time.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 I. 
 
 PAPERS RESPECTING THE MISSION TO LISBON, PRESENTED 
 TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, 12th MARCH, 1817. 
 
 Page. 
 No. 1. Extract of a Despatch from Lord Strang ford to Lord 
 
 Castlereagh ; dated Rio de Janeiro, June 21,1814, 95 
 
 2. Copy of a Despatch from Earl Bat hurst to Mr. Can- 
 
 ning ; dated Foreign Office, October 31, 1814. .. . lb. 
 
 3. Copy of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord Castle- 
 
 reagh ; dated Lisbon, April 10, 1815 96 
 
 4. Copy of a Despatch from Lord Castlereagh to Mr. 
 
 Canning; dated Foreign Office, May 11, 1815.. 97 
 
 5. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 
 Castlereagh; dated Lisbon, May 26, 1815 98 
 
 6. Extract of a Despatch from the same to the same; 
 
 dated Lisbon, May 30, 1815 lb. 
 
 7. Extract of a Despatch from Lord Castlereagh to Mr. 
 
 Canning; dated Foreign Office, June 22, 1815.. 102 
 
 8. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord Cas- 
 
 tlereagh ; dated Lisbon, August 11, 1815 lb. 
 
 9. Copy of a Despatch from Lord Bathurst to Mr. Can- 
 
 ning ; dated Foreign Office, September 12, 1815.. 103 
 
 10. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 
 Caslkreagh ; dated Lisbon, October 10, 1815.... lb. 
 
 1 1 . Extract of a Letter from Mr. Canning to Lord Cas- 
 
 tlereagh ; dated Lisbon, January 10, 1816 104
 
 94 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 II. 
 
 PAPERS PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, THE 26th 
 and 27th MARCH, 1817. 
 
 Page. 
 No. 1. Extract of a Letter from Thomas Sydenham, Esq. to 
 William Hamilton, Esq. ; dated Lisbon, July 8th, 
 1814 : Received 22d July 106 
 
 2. Copy of a Despatch from Viscount Castlereagh to 
 
 Thomas Sydenham, Esq. ; dated Foreign Office, 
 July 18th, 1814 lb. 
 
 3. Extract of a Despatch from Thomas Sydenham, Esq. 
 
 to Viscount Castlereagh ; dated Lisbon, 23d July, 
 1814 107 
 
 III. 
 
 PAPERS PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, THE 29th 
 APRIL and 1st MAY, 1817. 
 
 No. 1. Account of the Salaries and Emoluments granted to 
 Thomas Sydenham, Esq., as Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Por- 
 tugal, in the Year 1814 107 
 
 2. Extracts of a Despatch from Viscount Strangford to 
 
 Viscount Castlereagh ; dated Rio de Janeiro, Fe- 
 bruary 20th, 1814 : Received 2Mh April, 1814.. 108 
 
 3. Extract of a Despatch from Viscount Castlereagh to 
 
 Viscount Strangford ; dated Foreign Office, July 
 25th, 1814 lb. 
 
 4. Copy of a Despatch from Viscount Strangford to 
 
 Viscount Castlereagh ; dated Rio de Janeiro, June 
 2\st, 1814: Received 26th August, 1814.... 109 
 
 5. Copy of a Letter from Earl Bathurst to the Lords 
 
 Commissioners of the Admiralty; dated Foreign 
 Office, August 26th, 1814 110 
 
 6. Copy of a Despatch from Earl Bathurst to Viscount 
 
 Strangford ; dated Foreign Office, September 28th, 
 1814 '. lb. 
 
 7. Extract of a Despatch from Viscount Strangford to 
 
 Viscount Castlereagh ; dated Rio de Janeiro, 
 January 25th, 1815: Received March 29th, 
 1815 112
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 PAPERS RESPECTING THE MISSION TO LISBON, PRESENTED 
 TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, 12th MARCH, 1817. 
 
 No. 1 . Extract of a Despatch from Lord Strangford to Lord 
 Casttereagh; dated Rio de Janeiro, June 21, 1814. 
 
 J. HE glorious events which have given peace and inde- 
 pendence to Europe, have revived in the mind of the Prince 
 of Brazil those eager desires to revisit his native country, 
 which had been for a time suppressed. 
 
 His Royal Hignness has done me the honour to state his 
 anxious hope that Great Britain will facilitate the comple- 
 tion of his wishes upon this subject ; and that he may return 
 to Portugal under the same protection as that under which 
 he left it. 
 
 No. 2. Copy of a Despatch from Earl Bathurst to His 
 Majesty's Ambassador at Lisbon. 
 
 Sir, Foreign Office, October 31, 1814. 
 
 There has been a large unavoidable excess in the Ex- 
 traordinaries of the two Peninsula Missions during late 
 years ; and though the causes of that excess have either in a 
 great measure ceased, or are in a course of diminution, it 
 would hardly be possible at once to reduce the expenses of 
 either Mission altogether within the bounds which it may be 
 proper permanently to assign to them, especially as in Por- 
 tugal the return of the Court must of itself create occasion 
 for an extraordinary expenditure. 
 
 On these grounds, and at the same time to relieve you as 
 far as possible from the responsibility of an indefinite extent 
 of Extraordinaries, it has been thought right, while your re-
 
 96 Appendix. I. 
 
 gular appointments are fixed (like those of Madrid) on the 
 lower scale of Ambassadorial appointments, at 8,200/. per 
 annum, to specify the sum of 6,000/. as that to which it is 
 hoped that you may be able to limit the extraordinary dis- 
 bursements of the ensuing year. By the end of the year, it 
 may probably be practicable to form an estimate of the 
 amount of the necessary expenditure of the British Embas- 
 sies in the Peninsula, which may serve as a rule in fixing their 
 appointments on an adequate permanent footing. 
 1 am, &c. 
 
 (Signed) Bathtjrst. 
 To his Excellency 
 The Right Honourable George Canning, 
 &c. 8cc. &c. 
 
 No. 3. Copy of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Viscount 
 Castlereaali. 
 
 My Lord, Lisbon, April 10, 1815. 
 
 By the mails which came in yesterday, I learn (though 
 not officially) that the accounts received in England from 
 Rio de Janeiro, since Admiral Sir John Beresford's arrival 
 there, create a doubt of the Prince Regent of Portugal's 
 present intention to return to his European dominions. 
 
 Nothing has been received here from the Brazils, which 
 indicates any such change in his Royal Highness's intention. 
 But should any impediments have been interposed to delay 
 the execution of it until the intelligence of the late astonish- 
 ing and afflicting revolution in the state of Europe shall 
 reach Rio de Janeiro, it is possible that the receipt of that 
 intelligence may determine his Royal Highness to remain 
 there for the present. 
 
 In that case, or in the event of your Lordship's receiving 
 such positive accounts as satisfy your Lordship's mind that 
 such a determination has been taken by the Prince Regent 
 of Portugal, I have to request your Lordship to lay at the 
 feet of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent my humble 
 resignation of the commission with which he was graciously 
 pleased to honour m<r, in contemplation of the Prince Re- 
 gent of Portugal's return. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 (Signed) George Canning. 
 To the Lord Viscount Castlereagh, 
 &c. &c. &c.
 
 Appendix.-^-I. 97 
 
 No. 4. Copy of a Despatch from Lord Castkreagh to Mr. 
 Canning. 
 
 Foreign Office, May 11, 1815. 
 Sir, 
 
 Your Despatch of April 10, tendering your conditional 
 resignation of the Embassy to Lisbon, in the event of the 
 Prince Regent of Portugal's intention to return to Europe 
 being abandoned, has been laid before the Prince Regent. 
 
 His Royal Highness is fully sensible of the zeal for his 
 service which induced your Excellency to undertake this 
 Mission, and of those considerations which have determined 
 you to desire to relinquish it. 
 
 Notwithstanding there has been for some time strong rea- 
 son to suppose that the Prince Regent of Portugal had taken 
 his determination to remain for the present at the Brazils, yet 
 I have not hitherto considered that decision to be so unequi- 
 vocally made, as to justify my making any official commu- 
 nication of the same to your Excellency. 
 
 That such is now the resolution of His Royal Highness, 
 the mail of yesterday, from Rio Janeiro, seems to place be- 
 yond the reach of doubt. In the present state of the public 
 business, I hope, however, I shall not transgress the spirit 
 of your Excellency's wishes, by requesting that the period 
 of your resignation may be suspended till you are enabled 
 to bring the Regency to a decision on the military concert 
 to be established with the Allies. This course will also ad- 
 mit of the return home of Admiral Sir J. Beresford, which 
 I should wish to await, before the continuance of the Prince 
 Regent of Portugal at the Brazils shall be considered as ab- 
 solutely decided ; in which case, I shall not feel myself 
 further authorized to oppose any obstacle to a compliance 
 with the desire which has been conveyed on the part of 
 your Excellency to the Prince Regent, and which His 
 Royal Highness was pleased to receive in the most gracious 
 manner. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Castleueagh. 
 
 To His Excellency 
 The Right Hon. George Canning.
 
 98 Appendix. I. 
 
 No. 5. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 Castlereagh. 
 
 Lisbon, May 26, 1815. 
 
 I have to acknowledge the honour of your Lordship's 
 Despatch, No. 20 ; and to request your Lordship to lay at 
 the feet of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent my 
 humble thanks for His Royal Highness's gracious and kind 
 interpretation, as well of the grounds on which I originally 
 accepted this Mission, as of those on which I have tendered 
 my eventual resignation of it. 
 
 The last Despatches from the Rio, dated only in March, 
 are (as 1 am informed) entirely silent upon the Prince Re- 
 gent's return; and I really believe that nothing is known 
 here of his intentions. 
 
 In reply to the other part of your Lordship's Despatch, it 
 would not become me to say more than that, having put my 
 resignation entirely into your Lordship's hands, 1 have no 
 further anxiety on that subject; but that, so long as my ser- 
 vices here are thought useful by the Prince Regent, they 
 are absolutely at his Royal Highness's command. 
 
 No. 6. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 Castlereagh. 
 
 Lisbon, May 30, 1815. 
 
 In contemplation of the eventual termination of my Mis- 
 sion, I feel it my duty to execute, as well as I can, that 
 part of the instructions of Lord Bathurst's Despatch of Oc- 
 tober last, which relates to the scale of appointments at which 
 this Mission might be permanently and adequately settled. 
 
 In doing this I shall have occasion to refute the injurious 
 exaggerations which I find to have been propagated in Eng- 
 land, respecting my allowances : exaggerations and misre- 
 presentations which your Lordship will give me credit for 
 disdaining, as far as they regard me personally ; but of which 
 it is nevertheless natural, on my own account, as well as 
 just to the Government at home, that 1 should leave a re- 
 corded refutation.
 
 Appendix.-^. 99 
 
 When I accepted this Mission, it was impossible that, 
 with the printed accounts of the Civil List lying on the table 
 of the House of Commons, I should not advert to what had 
 been the scale of its expenditure during the preceding years. 
 
 Seeing that, in the period from the 5th of April, 1812, to 
 the 5th of April, 1814 (the date to whicht he accounts come 
 down), that expenditnre was stated, in salary and extraor- 
 dinary allowances, at about 32,000/. for the first year, and 
 at about 28,000/. for the second ; it would have been mad- 
 ness to succeed to a situation in which such an expenditure 
 had been found necessary, without some understanding as to 
 the limits to which, if necessary, my expenditure might go, 
 and within which it was, at all events, to be confined. 
 
 The interval which had elapsed was too short to enable 
 any one to form a judgment as to what might be the practi- 
 cable reduction of expenditure ; and as, with the exception 
 of the ten days (or thereabouts) which Mr. Sydenham spent 
 here, the Mission was, during that interval, in the hands of 
 a Charge d'Affaires, no fair inference could be drawn from 
 it in respect to the fit establishment of the Mission on a per- 
 manent scale. 
 
 The sum fixed as that which my extraordinary expenditure 
 should not exceed, was in no degree of my suggestion. I 
 resolved, whatever it might be, either to confine my ex- 
 penses within it, or, if I found that to be impracticable, to 
 resign the Mission forthwith. 
 
 I found, as I expected, on my arrival here, that the foot- 
 ing on which the British Mission had been accustomed to 
 stand, could not be suddenly lowered without impairing the 
 whole nature of its relation with the Government. 
 
 In this view the rank of Ambassador, while it could make 
 no practical difference in expenses, of which the salary 
 (whether as Ambassador or as Envoy) supplied only a part, 
 was politically important, as counterbalancing the positive 
 loss of rank and influence, which would otherwise have been 
 occasioned by the British Minister's being no longer a mem- 
 ber of the Regency. 
 
 Your Lordship may perhaps apprehend, that, after this 
 preface, I am about to bequeath to you an opinion in favour 
 of some very exorbitant endowment for maintaining the 
 splendour of the British embassy at Lisbon. 
 
 And you will perhaps be surprised when I follow it up by 
 stating, that, supposing an adequate allowance made for 
 
 H 2
 
 100 Appendix. I. 
 
 out-fit, the old Ambassadorial appointments of 8,200/. per 
 annum, exclusive of the usual recognized contingencies 
 (which form no part of the expenses of the Minister) would 
 be adequate to the support of the Mission ; on condition 
 
 That those appointments are paid free of deductions at 
 home ; and- (what is most important at this place) 
 
 That they are paid free from loss on exchange, and on 
 depreciation of paper here. 
 
 When the exchange is at par (67 1), the dollar is at 4s. 6d. ; 
 when the exchange is at 75, the dollar costs 5s. ; its value 
 in expenditure here remaining in both cases the same. 
 
 The exchange is now 72j, it has been as high as 74, and 
 probably, as the war goes on, will rise much higher*. 
 
 After the loss on exchange comes that upon the paper 
 money. 
 
 A bill upon England for 100/. should produce at par 
 444 dollars in coin. With the exchange at 75, it would pro- 
 duce about 400. This is the first loss. 
 
 But one-half, viz. 200 out of 400, are paid in paper; 
 which paper bears a discount of 14, 15, 16, or (as last 
 week) of 20 per cent, or more. Taking it only at 16, there 
 is another loss of 32 dollars out of 200 ; and the produce 
 of the 100/. at 75, therefore, would be only S68 dollars in- 
 stead of 444 ; of which the value to expend would be 
 about 83/. 
 
 The paper thus obliged to be taken can only be gotten 
 rid of> in most of the ordinary details of common expendi- 
 ture, at the discount which it bears. 
 
 The law enjoins its acceptance at par, but custom is 
 stronger than the law. 
 
 By these successive processes, the nominal appointments 
 of 8,200/., first reduced by deductions in England to 6,914/., 
 would be farther reduced in their transfer from England 
 hither by about 7 or 8 per cent, at the present rate of ex- 
 change, to between 6,300/. and 6,400/. ; and further, in 
 their conversion into Portuguese money, to something about 
 5,800/. 
 
 There remains to speak of the first supposition, with 
 which I qualify my opinion of the probable sufficiency of 
 
 * I take the liberty of enclosing to your Lordship some Lisbon Ga- 
 zettes, in which are marked the variations of exchange, and of the dis- 
 count on paper money.
 
 Appendix. I. 101 
 
 the old Ambassadorial allowances ; I mean the sufficiency 
 of equipage money for outfit : a consideration applying 
 with peculiar force to this country, and (I suppose) to 
 Spain. 
 
 In my own case, I find by my agent's accounts (which I 
 received by the last packet) that my out-tit has amounted to 
 something more than 3,200/., in addition, I do assure your 
 Lordship, to no inconsiderable a portion of my own private 
 funds. To this is added, for fees at different offices, Cus- 
 tom-house charges, insurance, &c. &c, about 800/. ; to- 
 gether about 4,000/. 
 
 The allowance of equipage-money is 1,500/. with some 
 deductions. 
 
 The difference (something above 2,500/.) absorbs, within 
 a trifle, one half of the aggregate amount of the ordinary ap- 
 pointments due to me for the three-quarters of the year end- 
 ing the 5th of July. 
 
 Those appointments, nominally 8,200/. per annum, are 
 (as L have stated) reduced by deductions in England to 
 6,914/.; of which the three-fourths amount to 5,186/.; of 
 this sum about 2,600/. remained to be remitted to me here, 
 subject, in its remittance, to the loss on exchange, and, in 
 its conversion here, to the loss on the paper. 
 
 Under these circumstances it is that I shall, up to the 
 5th of July, have drawn upon my agent, under the in- 
 structions in Lor.l Bathurst's Despatch of October last, for 
 sums amounting to 4,000/. on account of Extraordin.uies. 
 I may possibly, at the winding up of my Mission, have 
 occasion to draw for 500/. more. 
 
 If I shall with this aid have been enabled to carry on 
 the Mission to the end of the three-quarters of the year, I 
 am clearly warranted in saying, that, with an allowance for 
 outfit adequate to its purpose, and with the ordinary allow- 
 ances, paid free from deductions in England, and from loss 
 on exchange and conversion here, I should not have had 
 occasion to draw at all upon the allowance for extraordinary 
 expenditure.
 
 102 Appendix. I. 
 
 No. 7. Extract of a Despatch from Lord Castlereagh to 
 Mr. Canning. 
 
 Foreign Office, June 22, 1815. 
 
 His Royal Highness's Government being now in pos- 
 session of the final determination of the Prince Regent of 
 Portugal not to avail himself of the opportunity which was 
 offered to him of returning to his European dominions, and 
 the application which your Excellency was instructed to 
 make to the Regency of Portugal, for the employment of a 
 part of the Portuguese armies on the Continent, having been 
 deferred to an indefinite period, I have not thought it expe- 
 dient any longer to delay to lay before before His Royal 
 Highness your Excellency's resignation of your Embassy 
 at Lisbon ; and I am accordingly commanded by the Prince 
 Regent to acquaint you that he has been graciously pleased 
 to accept of the same, and that you are consequently at 
 liberty to terminate your Mission when most agreeable to 
 yourself. Your letters of recall will be forwarded to you 
 by the packet of next week, when I shall transmit to you 
 His Royal Highness's commands with respect to the person 
 to whom you will deliver over the duties of the Mission, in 
 the event of Mr. Casaraajor's having returned home. 
 
 No. 8. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 Castlereagh. 
 
 Lisbon, August 11, 1815- 
 
 Immediately upon the receipt of your Lordship's 
 Despatch, No. 27, I communicated its contents verbally 
 to Don Mig. Per. Forjaz ; deferring the official notification 
 of them till I should receive my letters of recall, and should 
 be apprized of your Lordship's determination as to the per- 
 son into whose hands I am to give over the archives of 
 the Mission.
 
 Appendix. I. 103 
 
 No. 9 Copy of a Despatch from Lord Bathurst to 
 Mr. Canning. 
 
 Foreign Office, September 12, 1815. 
 Sir, 
 In reference to your Excellency's Despatch of the ] 1th 
 August, I have now the honour to enclose to you your 
 letters of recall, together with a letter of credential to the 
 Portuguese Secretary of State, introducing Mr. Croft as 
 His Majesty's Charge d' Affaires. 
 
 Upon your taking leave of the Governors of the kingdom 
 of Portugal, your Excellency will present Mr. Croft to them 
 as His Majesty's Charge d'Affaires appointed to reside in 
 Lisbon, for the purpose of carrying on the ordinary inter- 
 course between the two Governments; leaving with that 
 gentleman the official correspondence, with the ciphers and 
 deciphers in your Excellency's possession, and such instruc- 
 tions for the guidance of his conduct as the existing cir- 
 cumstances may seem to you to require. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 (Signed) BATHURST, 
 His Excellency 
 The Right Hon. George Canning, 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 No. 10. Extract of a Despatch from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 Castlereagh. 
 
 Lisbon, October 10, 1815. 
 
 I have delivered to his Excellency Don Mig. Per. 
 Forjaz the letter addressed to him by Lord Bathurst, an- 
 nouncing the appointment of Mr. Croft as His Majesty's 
 Charge d'Affaires. I, at the same tune, introduced 
 Mr. Croft in that character to M. de Forjaz ; I have like- 
 wise introduced him personally to their Excellencies the 
 Govevnors of the kingdom. 
 
 I have given over to Mr. Croft the correspondence and 
 ciphers of the Mission, it does not occur to me that 
 there are any points on which it is necessary for me to fur- 
 nish him with written instructions for his conduct (perfectly 
 acquainted as he is with I he general course of the business), 
 but I shall nevertheless be most happy at all tunes (so long 
 as I remain in this country) to afford him any assistance iu
 
 104 
 
 Appendix. J. 
 
 my power on any points on which he may wish to have 
 recourse to me. 
 
 No. 11. Extract of a Letter from Mr. Canning to Lord 
 ' Castlereagh. 
 
 Lisbon, January 10, 1816. 
 
 I find by a statement of my account with my Agent, 
 which I received by the last packet, that he has inadvertently 
 received from the Treasury on my account a sum of 1,500/. 
 as Extra ordinaries for the quarter from the 5th July to the 
 10th October. I say " inadvertently," because I am con- 
 vinced that he would not designedly tiave acted against my 
 instructions. 
 
 From the beginning of July, at which period I received 
 your Lordship's notification of the final acceptance of my 
 resignation, I considered it my duty, so long as the Mission 
 remained in my hands, to confine myself strictly within the 
 limits laid down in the Report of the Civil- List Committee*, 
 nor have my drafts upon my Agent, for the quarter ending 
 October 10th, exceeded that limitation. 
 
 J write by this Packet to my Agent, desiring him to set 
 right the mistake which has been made in issuing as extraor- 
 dinaries what I had no thought of drawing for as such, by 
 either causing to be retained at the Treasury, to replace 
 the sum of 1,500/. so improperly issued, the like sum out of 
 the regular quarter's allowance of 2,000/., due to me the 
 10th of October, if that quarter's allowance shall not yet 
 have been issued ; or by returning so much to the Treasury, 
 if it has. 
 
 * Allowances for the Mission to Lisbon, fixed by the Civil List Committee 
 
 of 1815. 
 
 Salary to be paid free from loss on Exchange, and\ 
 
 of all Deductions except Property-Tax 
 
 Deducting Property-Tax, 800 
 
 Allowance for House-Rent 
 
 Do Outfit 
 
 
 Gross. 
 
 Nett. 
 
 ,d l 
 
 . 
 8,000 
 
 500 
 4,000 
 
 . 
 
 7,200 
 500 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,700 
 4,000 
 
 
 . 
 
 12,500 
 
 11,700
 
 Appendix. I. 
 
 105 
 
 5-3 
 
 tUO 
 
 <U <-> 
 
 8 .a 
 
 O 
 
 n JS 
 
 v. O 
 
 J s > 
 
 -g si 
 
 - - 
 
 -S en 
 
 * 2 
 
 si* 
 
 *^ 4> 4) 
 4> JS o 
 
 * rt S 
 
 *M o 
 *> ** s 
 < 
 
 . 4> J> 
 
 -2""- 13 
 .** 
 
 O.W 
 
 .tr . 
 
 O T 8 
 
 4> &D 
 
 * 3 2 
 
 > ,3 i 
 
 S << 
 
 e fi *" 
 S.2 S 
 R3 
 .2 
 
 s 
 
 rt E x 
 
 Cd 4) w 
 
 .2 3 
 
 S^ g 1 
 
 i-^w 1 )'- , i-->a B i''^ss x 
 M O as < W
 
 106 Appendix. -IL 
 
 II. 
 
 PAPERS presented to the house of commons 
 
 26 and 27 March, 1817. 
 
 No. 1. Extract of a Letter from Thomas Sydenham, Esq. 
 to William Hamilton, Esq. dated 
 
 Lisbon, July 8th, 1814 : Received ZZd July. 
 
 While the Duke of Wellington was at Madrid, he 
 
 spoke to me on the subject of my allowances at Lisbon ; 
 and he gave me the comfortable assurance of my being 
 ruined unless Government allowed me something more than 
 the usual Salary, diminished by the usual deductions in 
 England, and the loss of exchange. He promised to men- 
 tion the subject to Lord Castlereagh, and I have written to 
 him to remind him of his promise. I find that Mr. Casa- 
 major has been living in a very quiet retired way, with no 
 suite to feed and lodge; and, by the examination of his books, 
 I perceive that he does not live on less than 100/. a 
 week. 
 
 No. 2. Copy of a Despatch from Viscount Castlereagh, to 
 Thomas Sydenham, Esq. 
 
 Foreign Office, July 18M, 1814. 
 Sir, 
 I think it necessary, before I am informed of your 
 arrival at Lisbon, to acquaint you that it is His Royal 
 Highness's Commands, that, during your residence at the 
 Court of Portugal, you confine your personal expenses 
 within your ordinary allowances, as His Majesty's Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotiary. I have directed 
 Mr. Casamajor to lose no time in removing the Mission 
 from the house of the Marquis de Pombal; and I cannot 
 anticipate any public grounds for continuing the expendi- 
 ture of His Majesty's servants at Lisbon oh the scale on 
 which it has been conducted during the continuance of the 
 war in the Peninsula. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 (Signed) Ca$tlereagh, 
 
 Thomas Sydenham, Esq. 
 &c. &c. &c.
 
 Appendix. II. 107 
 
 No. 3. Extract of a Despatch from Thomas Sydenham, 
 Esq. to Viscount Casttereagh; dated 
 
 Lisbon, 2Sd July, 1814. 
 
 " I am extremely concerned to acquaint your Lordship 
 that the state of my health will compel me to leave Lisbon, 
 for the purpose of returning to England, without admitting 
 of my waiting to receive from your Lordship a regular per- 
 mission to that effect." 
 
 III. 
 
 PAPERS PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 
 
 APRIL 29 AND MAY 1, 1817- 
 
 No. 1. Account of the Salaries and Emoluments granted 
 to Thomas Sydenham, Esquire, as Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Portugal, 
 in the Year 1814. 
 
 . s. d. 
 
 Salary from 5th April to 10th October ; being 
 Six Months, at the rate of 5,200/. per 
 annum 2,600 
 
 Equipage Money 1,500 
 
 Expenses of Journey from Paris to Madrid 
 
 andLisbon 1,105 10 6 
 
 Compensation for Losses incurred on being 
 suddenly obliged to relinquish his Mission, 
 on account of the dangerous state of his 
 health 2,000 
 
 William Hamilton. 
 Foreign Office, April 29th, 1817.
 
 108 Appendix. III. 
 
 No. 2. Extracts of a Despatch from Viscount Strangford 
 to Viscount Castlereagh; dated Rio de Janeiro, Feb- 
 ruary 20th, 1814: Received April 24th, 1814. 
 
 u I should fail in my duty, did I not earnestly recom- 
 mend to the consideration of His Royal Highness's Govern- 
 ment the speedy return to Europe of the Portuguese Royal 
 Family . 
 
 " The Prince's own feelings, and those of every Member 
 of His Family, are certainly in favour of this measure. 
 Some degree of apprehension may, perhaps, operate upon 
 the mind of the Prince himself, to prevent him from coming 
 forward as eagerly as the other individuals of the Royal Fa- 
 mily would wish ; but this sentiment would be easily re- 
 moved ; and His Royal Highness has explicitly stated to me, 
 that as soon as ever Great Britain declares that, his return 
 to Portugal is necessary, he will accede to any intimation 
 to that effect." 
 
 No. 3. Extract of a Despatch from Viscount Castlereagh 
 to Viscount Strangford ; dated Foreign Office, July 25th, 
 1814. 
 
 " It has given His Royal Highness great pleasure to 
 observe, that the Prince Regent of Portugal was, at the date 
 of his letter*, of the 2d of April last, so far determined to 
 return to his European dominions, as only to be waiting for 
 the intelligence of the result of the successes of the Allied 
 Powers, engaged in the late campaign against France. 
 
 " The intelligence of the capitulation of Paris, the fall of 
 Buonaparte, the re-establishment of the two Houses of 
 Bourbon on the Thrones of France and Spain, and the re- 
 duction of France within the limits of 1 792, in virtue of the 
 peace of Paris, signed on the 30th of May, cannot, His Royal 
 Highness supposes, have failed to decide the Prince Regent 
 of Portugal to hasten his preparations for his departure from 
 Brazil. 
 
 ** In contemplation of this decision, measures have already 
 been taken here for preparing a squadron of His Majesty's 
 
 * Received through the Portuguese Ambassador in London.
 
 Appendix. III. 109 
 
 ships to assist in the conveyance of the Prince Regent of 
 Portugal and his family to Europe ; and the squadron in- 
 tended for this purpose would before this time have sailed 
 for the Coast of Brazil, had it not been for the expressions 
 contained in the letter of the Prince Regent of Portugal, and 
 in one of your despatches of the 20th February, which im- 
 ply that circumstances might still prevent the Royal Family 
 of Portugal from quitting the Brazils immediately on the 
 arrival of the squadron. 
 
 " Under these circumstances it has been thought advisable 
 not to send a British squadron out before the final inten- 
 tions of the Prince Regent, with respect to the period of his 
 departure, are more fully declared ; but you may apprize 
 His Royal Highness, that a squadron competent to the 
 service, will be held in readiness, and despatched under the 
 command of Sir John Beresford, brother of the Field-Mar- 
 shal, to attend him to Europe, as soon as we receive your 
 Lordship's reply to this despatch ; or sooner, if it shall ap- 
 pear that His Royal Highness's departure is resolved on." 
 
 No. 4. *C&py of a Despatch from Viscount Strangford to 
 Viscount Castlereagh ; dated Rio de Janeiro, June 9,1st, 
 1814: Received August 26th, 1814. 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " The glorious events which have given peace and in- 
 dependence to Europe have revived in the mind of the 
 Prince of Brazil those eager desires to revisit his native 
 country, which had been for a time suppressed. 
 
 " His Royal Highness has lately done me the honour to 
 state his anxious hope that Great Britain will facilitate the 
 completion of his wishes upon this subject, and that he may 
 return to Portugal, under the same protection as that under 
 which he left it. And His Royal Highness has, during the 
 last week, intimated to me four or five times, as well pub- 
 licly as privately, that, in case Great Britain should send a 
 squadron of ships of war to this place, for the purpose of 
 escorting His Royal Highness to Europe, it would be par- 
 
 * An Extract of this Despatch has been already laid before the House 
 of Commons.
 
 110 Appendix. III. 
 
 ticularly and personally gratifying to His Royal Highness, 
 that 1 should be selected for this service. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, &c. 
 (Signed) " Strangford." 
 
 To Viscount Castlereagh. 
 
 No. 5. Copy of a Letter from Earl Bathurst to the Lords 
 Commissioners of the Admiralty ; dated Foreign Office, 
 August Q6th, 1814. 
 
 " My Lords, 
 " The latest advices from Rio de Janeiro having made 
 known to His Royal Highness's Government that the Prince 
 Regent of Portugal has expressed a wish to return to his 
 dominions in Europe without delay, and under the same 
 protection as that under which he left them ; I am to con- 
 vey to your Lordships the Prince Regent's Commands, that 
 you do immediately give directions for a suitable squadron 
 of His Majesty's ships to repair to Brazil, for the purpose 
 of receiving on board His Royal Highness and the rest of 
 the Royal Family of Portugal, and of conveying their Royal 
 Highnesses to the Tagus. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 (Signed) Bathurst." 
 
 To the Lords Commissioners 
 
 of the Admiralty, 
 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 No. 6. Copy of a Despatch from Earl Bathurst to Viscount 
 Strangford, dated Foreign Office, September 28th, 1814. 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " In reference to Viscount Castlereagh's Despatch of 
 the 25th of July last, acquainting your Lordship, for the 
 
 f- The Officer referred to, had a command in the squadron which es- 
 corted the Prince of Brazil to Rio de Janeiro ; hut, previous to the receipt 
 of this Despatch, Admiral Beresford had been actually appointed to the 
 command of the ships intended to be sent to the Brazils for His Royal 
 Highness's return, and his appointment had been announced to Lord 
 Strangford. See No. 3 of these Papers.
 
 Appendix. III. Ill 
 
 information of the Prince Regent of Portugal, that an ade- 
 quate squadron of British ships of war would be appointed 
 to proceed to Rio Janeiro, for the purpose of bringing His 
 Royal Highness home to his European dominions, so soon 
 as the Prince Regent might be desirous of returning to 
 Lisbon; and it appearing, by your Lordship's Despatch of 
 June 21st, that it is His Royal Highness's wish to avail 
 himself of the earliest opportunity for that purpose ; I have 
 now the honour to apprize your Lordship, that a squadron 
 consisting of two ships of the line and one frigate has been 
 ordered to proceed forthwith on this service. 
 
 " Rear-Admiral Sir John Beresford, who has been ap- 
 pointed to the command of this squadron, will have the ho- 
 nour of delivering this Despatch to your Lordship; and I 
 am to desire that you will afford to him every assistance 
 which may lie in your power, towards the carrying into effect 
 the objects of his Mission. 
 
 " I am also to direct that you will take this opportunity 
 of renewing to the Prince Regent of Portugal the expres- 
 sion of His Royal Highness's sincere happiness in being 
 enabled to contribute to His Royal Highness's personal re- 
 sumption of his Government at Lisbon, and of his ardent 
 wish that he may experience a safe and expeditious 
 voyage. 
 
 " I am, &c. 
 
 (Signed) " Bathurst. 
 
 " To Viscount Strangford, 
 &c. &c. &c." 
 
 No. 7- Extract of' a Despatchfrom discount Strangford to 
 Viscount Castlereagh, dated Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 25th, 
 1815 : Received March Zth, 1815. 
 
 " The result of my conferences with M. d'Aguiar, upon 
 the subject of the return of the Prince of Brazil to Europe, 
 has been an assurance on his side that he cannot in con- 
 science undertake to advise the Prince to depart from Brazil 
 during the present unsettled state of Europe ; that, at a 
 former period, there was not any doubt but that His Royal 
 Highness had conceived the time to be fast approaching, or 
 nearly arrived, when he might with propriety revisit Por- 
 tugal; but that every circumstance now combined to con-
 
 112 APPENDIX. III. 
 
 vince him that his residence here for some time longer, or 
 at least till he should have placed this country in a per- 
 fect state of security, had become indispensable, and would 
 fully justify his Royal Highness in still deferring the execu- 
 tion of a measure from which he would derive such inde- 
 scribable satisfaction, and which had at all times occupied 
 his thoughts and wishes. Much was then said of the gra- 
 titude which had been excited in His Royal Highness's 
 mind, by the prompt attention of his Ally to these wishes ; 
 and the strongest hopes were expressed, that, at a future 
 day, Great Britain would be equally ready and willing to 
 give effect to them." 
 
 THE END. 
 
 Printed by W. CLOWES, Northumberland-court, Strand.
 
 May, 1817- 
 
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