two 
 
 WILLIAM A 
 
 AN.D 
 
 BEATRICE HAE&ADEN 
 
 V\SI\r-M 
 
 R! 
 
 ^ 
 o 
 

TWO HEALTH -SEEKERS 
 
 IN 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 By 
 
 WILLIAM A. EDWARDS, M.D. 
 
 FELLOW OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 
 OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC., ETC. 
 
 AND 
 
 BEATRICE HARRADEN 
 
 AUTHOR OF " SHIPS THAT PASS IN THE NIGHT," ETC. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 
 
 1897 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1896, 
 
 BY 
 J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. 
 
 PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A. , 
 
IT PLEASES ME TO DEDICATE THIS 
 
 LITTLE BOOK 
 
 TO MY LIFE-LONG FRIEND, 
 
 GEORGE E. DE SCHWEINITZ, M.D., 
 
 IN MEMORY OF MANY DAYS THAT 
 
 WERE HAPPY AND SOME, PERHAPS AS PLEASANT 
 
 TO REMEMBER, THAT WERE SAD. 
 
 W. A. E. 
 SAN DIEGO, 1896. 
 
 404136 
 
PREFACE 
 
 I HAVE long felt that an impartial ac- 
 count of Southern California, devoid of 
 the fulsome praise of guide-books and 
 land-office advertisements, would be of 
 interest and help to a large class of 
 health-seekers. 
 
 If invalids would bear in mind that no 
 climate is perfect, much disappointment 
 would be saved. 
 
 Again, if physicians would explain to 
 their patients the absolute necessity of 
 coming earlier in their disease, much 
 suffering could be avoided. 
 
 Finally, if the general traveller were 
 made to understand that he was coming 
 to the arid belt of America, with its scant 
 and uncertain rainfall, many complaints 
 of barrenness would cease. 
 
 Miss Harraden has kindly contributed 
 -5 
 
</ f N; ; ; PREFACE " 
 
 {tiieifjrstj and fourth chapters of this little 
 book, in which she expresses her opin- 
 ions formed after a residence of nearly 
 two and a half years. The remaining 
 chapters are my conclusions after a resi- 
 dence of eight years. Neither of us as- 
 sumes responsibility for the statements 
 of the other. 
 
 W. A. E. 
 
 SAN DIEGO, September, 1896. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (BEATRICE HARRA- 
 DEN) 9 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUTHERN CALIFOR- 
 NIA 37 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUTHERN CALIFOR- 
 NIA (CONTINUED) 71 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 OUT-DOOR LIFE FOR WOMEN. (BEATRICE 
 HARRADEN) 90 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 EXPENSES OF LIVING CLASS OF HEALTH- 
 SEEKERS THAT SHOULD COME TO SOUTH- 
 ERN CALIFORNIA CLOTHING METHOD 
 AND TIME OF ARRIVAL LIFE TO LEAD 
 AMUSEMENTS, OCCUPATIONS, AND BUSI- 
 NESS OPPORTUNITIES 96 
 
 7 
 
CONTENTS 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS AND DISEASES OF THE RESPI- 
 RATORY SYSTEM . 113 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THOSE BENEFITED BY THE CLIMATE ... 130 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THOSE NOT BENEFITED BY THE CLIMATE . 140 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 IN 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA has to be 
 known well before it can be loved, and 
 even when thoroughly appreciated for its 
 many delightful characteristics,' there 
 will often remain certain of its peculi- 
 arities which may perchance jar on the 
 sensitiveness of those accustomed to the 
 tender charms of a more caressing land. 
 On the other hand, the real beauties and 
 advantages of the country and climate 
 are so obvious that one need not hesitate 
 to draw attention to some features likely 
 9 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 to prove a little disappointing to any 
 new-comers who are looking for a land 
 of waving palm-trees and rich natural 
 luxuriance and generous growth of 
 green. Green there is, and of the bright- 
 est emerald the eye might wish to see ; 
 but it passes all too swiftly, burnt up by 
 the downpour of golden sunshine, and 
 gives place to every shade of delicate 
 brown and amber which one learns to 
 like well enough, only not as one loves 
 the blessed green. Palms are there also, 
 but not growing at random, as some of 
 us may have feverishly fancied ; man's 
 . hand must plant and tend them, and 
 water them unceasingly. As for the 
 rich luxuriance, it is there also, or rather 
 one should say that the possibility of 
 it is there under the dusty soil, waiting 
 only for our help and labor to give it a 
 development which for fulness and rapid- 
 ity is nothing less than miraculous. In- 
 deed, one of the greatest pleasures in 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 Southern California is the power which 
 we all possess, if we only choose to use 
 it, of transforming the brush-grown plains 
 and hills into a fair and fruitful garden 
 land. It is almost like a fairy-story to see 
 what wonders may be wrought from the 
 very onset, and to mark how soon the 
 willing earth answers to an .honest care. 
 But she demands devoted and hard work, 
 not the mere scratching of the ground 
 and the smoking of a cigarette ; and per- 
 haps it is not out of place here to insist 
 specially on the truth of this statement 
 for the benefit of those who have any 
 idea of coming to Southern California 
 and taking up the onerous duties of 
 ranch life. It is one thing to " have done 
 a little gardening at home" toying, no 
 doubt, with a spade and a rake and a 
 watering-can, and quite another thing to 
 start a fruit-farm, to follow a plough or 
 cultivator over virgin soil, and wield a 
 heavy hoe all day long, in the fierce heat 
 ii 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 and glare of the sun, and to evolve and 
 carry out some scheme of irrigation 
 which often of necessity entails endless 
 trouble and anxiety. These are not 
 light tasks, and should not, therefore, be 
 undertaken lightly; but a judicious ful- 
 filment of them assures success to a man 
 who has been wise enough to content 
 himself with a small ranch ; for it seems 
 to be established beyond any question 
 that small ranches conducted in a busi- 
 ness-like fashion have every chance of 
 yielding fair returns, whereas the larger 
 fruit-farms involve too much work and 
 too much money. Quite apart, however, 
 from pecuniary considerations, country 
 life in the South of California has a great 
 deal in it which is very delightful : the 
 riding and driving, the sense of unre- 
 strained freedom, the pleasure in the 
 wide-stretching plains and rolling foot- 
 hills, and distant ranges of mountains, 
 bare and uncompromising on a first in- 
 
 12 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 troduction, but taking on rare charms 
 of light and shadow and southern 
 glamour, when once the slight acquaint- 
 ance with them has ripened into friend- 
 ship. Then there are the excursions by 
 moonlight, the sleeping out of doors, the 
 fragrances in the air wafted from the 
 orange and lemon blossoms, and in the 
 spring-time from the myriads of wild 
 flowers which, when aided by the winter 
 rains, leap into luxuriance charged 
 with divers sweetnesses. But if the 
 rainy season has been a niggardly one, 
 then we must needs content ourselves 
 with a few poor stragglers who serve 
 just to remind us of the treasures of 
 gold and blue and red and yellow and 
 purple and white laid at our feet in 
 such profusion during a previous year. 
 Then we must dream of the fields of 
 the flaming eschscholtzia, the California 
 poppy, seen to perfection perhaps on 
 the foot-hills of the San Gabriel valley, 
 13 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 and covering the ground there and else- 
 where with a rich orange mantle; we 
 must dream too of the masses of brodiaea, 
 pale lavender in hue, toning in so softly 
 with the numberless yellow flowers : the 
 yellow violet with its peculiar Oriental 
 fragrance, the gentle little cream-cups, 
 paler than our beloved English primrose : 
 the marguerite of varying shade and 
 form: the handsome leptosyne with its 
 brown velvet centre and its strong vanilla 
 perfume, and scores of others springing 
 up to take the place of those which die 
 down all too quickly. We must pay due 
 tribute also to the rich indigo larkspur, 
 the lupins and vetches, the brown and 
 mauve lilies, the gilias, the red painter's 
 brush, the wild pea of brilliant pink, 
 the delicate shooting star with petals of 
 white tinged with purple, the tiny baby- 
 blue eyes, one of the nemophila family, 
 white flowers, as many as you like, and 
 some of them as wee as a pin's head, 
 14 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 and the pretty little blossoms of the 
 alfilaria, which together with the blos- 
 soms of the elderberry are the welcome 
 harbingers of spring. Later on in the 
 season and in different parts of the State 
 we shall find other treasures : the Mari- 
 posa lily, so called because of its like- 
 ness to a butterfly, and the Romneya, a 
 monster poppy of crinkled white satin, 
 and the thistle, a handsome and stately 
 fellow indeed, and countless others, some 
 of them known only to those of us who 
 are able to climb up steep places or dive 
 into deep canons; for one has to be 
 fairly strong to be a good botanist in 
 Southern California. It is not enough, 
 to have a penetrating eye ; one must be 
 able to bear fatigue and heat and glare, 
 and to have enough enthusiasm to fight 
 one's way through the dense chaparral, 
 and enough caution to be on one's 
 guard against those evil-looking fiends, 
 the rattlesnakes, which kill so easily, but 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 which themselves are so easily dis- 
 patched. If, however, owing to a dry 
 winter, we have been cheated of these 
 many lovely wild flowers, there at least 
 remain certain consolations which are 
 not likely to fail us: the sumac will, 
 in spite of drought, continue to put out 
 its tender shoots ; the chillicote with its 
 bright fresh leaf and delicate white 
 blossoms will spread itself elegantly 
 over anything within its reach; the 
 uncompromising cactus will eke out its 
 grim existence, offering us as a sort of 
 an apology its most exquisite flowers, 
 some yellow and some red. Various 
 kinds of sages are found in profusion, 
 especially in the more southern parts of 
 the State ; we shall find also the Spanish 
 dagger, or yucca, the manzanita, the 
 mountain mahogany, with its stubborn 
 roots, the very despair of those who 
 have the irksome task of clearing the 
 brush-grown ground; and higher up, 
 16 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the scrub oaks, and the grease bush, and 
 lower down again the cucurbita or 
 gourd, commonly called mock-orange, 
 and the datura meteloides, a large pale 
 violet flower full of delicious fragrance. 
 In the valleys and canons near the river, 
 or what is called the river, for we 
 should scarcely realise that it is such 
 until the winter rains swell the mountain 
 torrents and rush down with overwhelm- 
 ing force into the dried-up river-bed, in 
 these valleys and canons we shall find 
 most comforting stretches of green even 
 during the hot summer : sycamores and 
 cottonwood trees, a few live oaks, abun- 
 dance of willows, grasses and reeds, 
 wild roses, and a perfect luxuriance of 
 the wild grape-vine, which drapes itself 
 artistically over trunks and branches 
 and climbs as high as it desires. Up in 
 the mountains, of course, we come into 
 a totally different country and scenery ; 
 live oaks and pines abound everywhere, 
 
 2 17 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 and we therefore may not give the 
 epithet of treeless and barren to this 
 portion of Southern California. Water 
 is found there without stint or measure, 
 and the climate bears little or no resem- 
 blance to that of the plains and foot-hills 
 below. Hence many people who miss 
 the procession of the seasons and feel 
 the need of a bracing change find their 
 way into the mountains during some 
 part of the year ; and if they are strong 
 enough to enjoy camp-life, or rich 
 enough to take servants with them to 
 see to all the details of the little estab- 
 lishment, then they will come back 
 greatly invigorated, especially if they 
 have had the pride and satisfaction of 
 laying low some harmless deer. But 
 camping for frail folk is a mistake ; and 
 doctors, far away from these scenes, 
 sitting comfortably in their arm-chairs, 
 with all their needs luxuriously attended 
 to, are apt to give out this order much 
 18 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 too thoughtlessly. They have not them- 
 selves tried it perhaps, except under 
 more favourable conditions than those 
 which some of their patients might be 
 able to command. 
 
 In speaking of the scenery in Southern 
 California, one must certainly not forget 
 to mention the enormous granite boul- 
 ders and lavish supply of stones, inter- 
 esting no doubt to the geologist, but 
 the despair of the fruit-grower and of 
 some lovers of beauty. Mrs. Collier 
 Graham, in her charming little volume 
 " Stones of the Foot-Hills," makes one 
 of her characters refer thus to the soil : 
 " He said the soil was good. An' I 
 'lowed it was, what there was of it ; and 
 so was boulders good, for boulders 
 the trouble was in the mixin'. Don't 
 talk to me about your decomposed 
 granite ; it's the granite what ain't de- 
 composed that bothers me !" 
 
 That exactly describes the feelings 
 19 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 of any rancher who happens to be the 
 unfortunate possessor of too many 
 boulders. And as features of the land- 
 scape they are only tolerable when, after 
 sunset, that beautiful rosy glow quite 
 peculiar to the South holds them in a 
 tender embrace ; then they are softened 
 and glorified if only for a passing mo- 
 ment; and those of us who come from 
 a land of purple heather may well be- 
 lieve that these barren stones have 
 suddenly burst out into blossom : just 
 for the passing moment, nature's com- 
 pensation. But the next day in the 
 full glare of the sun there is nothing 
 romantic or picturesque about them. 
 One may drive for miles in some parts, 
 and see nothing but stones and boulders 
 and dried-up brush and shabby-looking 
 cactus, and dust without beginning or 
 end. The dust in Southern California, 
 in summer-time after a dry winter is 
 really quite overwhelming; it not only 
 
 20 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 eats into one's clothes, but corrodes 
 one's temper as well, and gets into one's 
 nose and throat and chest. It rises up 
 into the buggy in great curling waves, 
 thickly powdering every one from top 
 to toe. Enthusiastic Californians pre- 
 tend not to notice it, but it exists all 
 the same, even although it is not men- 
 tioned in the guide-books! It seems 
 almost impossible to realise that beau- 
 tiful flowers of every different form and 
 hue are nestling beneath this ugly 
 covering. When one sees it at first, one 
 may well be forgiven for asking, " Can 
 any good come out of Nazareth ?" But 
 in spite of dust and boulders and burnt- 
 up brush and heat and glare, there are 
 many delightful things in Southern 
 California even during the hottest sum- 
 mer : then it is that the mountains look 
 at their very best towards the hour of , 
 sunset and after the setting of the sun, 
 all the crudeness and harshness of their 
 
 21 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 features being tempered and softened 
 by the tender glow and glamour. Then 
 it is that we most enjoy the lovely 
 moonlight evenings, and then too we 
 know that we may reckon on the cool- 
 ness of the nights. So whilst in other 
 parts of America people are stricken 
 down by the summer heat of both day 
 and night, out here in Southern Cali- 
 fornia prostration from the heat is 
 rarely heard of, and certainly never on 
 the coast ; and moreover there is some- 
 thing in the climate which peculiarly 
 aids recuperation from any kind of ex- 
 haustion. It is quite possible that new- 
 comers from cooler and damper regions 
 who have not had to contend with the 
 great extremes of cold and heat ex- 
 perienced in most parts of the United 
 States, new-comers from England, in 
 fact, and other countries of Europe, 
 may find the dry heat extremely trying. 
 It is undoubtedly hard on the brain and 
 
 22 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the nerves, and any invalids suffering 
 from the effects of overwork or from 
 weakness of the nervous system should 
 be strongly advised, if they come to 
 Southern California at all, to make their 
 home on the coast, or not too far inland, 
 so as to be within reach of the breeze 
 which throughout the summer sweeps 
 with unfailing freshness over from the 
 ocean. And speaking of the ocean re- 
 minds one that nothing one could dream 
 of could be more beautiful than the blue 
 waters of the Pacific with its most lovely 
 fringe of snow-white surf. It is almost 
 one's idea of purity and perfection. It 
 is a smiling, dancing sea with life and 
 light and love of sunshine ; and all the 
 exquisite tints of a Californian sunset 
 are caught by the glistening foam, which 
 then exchanges its wonderful whiteness 
 for all the fairy colours of mother of 
 pearl. To sit on the rocks and watch 
 this sea is a joy in itself; and for those 
 23 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 who like to pry and probe, there are the 
 fairy pools lined with every shade of 
 delicate and rich green and pink and 
 heliotrope, and inhabited by numberless 
 crabs, all of them in handsome attire 
 well suited to their most artistic homes. 
 Seals will sometimes sport around, bark- 
 ing loudly to each other ; goldfish flash 
 by, their burnished coats glistening in 
 the sunshine. Grave and stately peli- 
 cans fly overhead ; cormorants and sea- 
 gulls hasten to and fro, or linger on the 
 broad stretch of kelp to do their fish- 
 ing. These wide belts of kelp are quite 
 peculiar to the Pacific coast ; they seem 
 to be like great fields of golden-brown 
 strands of leaves and berries swaying 
 with the movements of the waves. 
 Even the large steamers do not attempt 
 to cut their way through them, so dense 
 is the growth anchored firmly to the 
 ocean-bed. But, leaning over the side 
 of the vessel, it is a great pleasure to 
 24 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 see such an expanse of rich colouring 
 toning in so harmoniously with the 
 beautiful blue of the ocean; and to 
 those of us who love to observe the 
 many charming expressions of Nature, 
 this scene will perhaps be one of the 
 pleasantest memories of the sea journey 
 from San Francisco down to the south. 
 Some people consider that this is the 
 most agreeable way of reaching the 
 southern part of the State ; and in- 
 deed if the weather is fine, as it usually 
 is, the voyage is nothing else but a 
 pleasure trip. Immediately after pass- 
 ing Point Conception, we realise that we 
 have come into a Southern clime; and 
 we almost seem to see a distinct line 
 of demarcation separating the northern 
 gloom from the southern glamour. Then 
 at once we begin to see the porpoises 
 playing about, and the flying-fish spring- 
 ing out of the water, and looking just 
 like rainbow gossamer as the sunlight 
 25 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 catches them. Then we begin to have 
 exaggerated hopes of the beauty of the 
 country awaiting us ; for all uncon- 
 sciously we are filled with a sensuous 
 delight in the genial warmth and glow 
 and tender colouring. As we approach 
 nearer, however, we at once miss the 
 green, and this is especially true of San 
 Diego, and all the more to be regretted 
 since there is no reason why every town 
 in the south should not be a living 
 mass of trees, nor why San Diego her- 
 self, with her wonderful harbour and 
 her beautiful natural situation, should 
 not become a very queen among cities. 
 In a land where peppers, eucalyptus, 
 acacias, magnolias, rubbers, palms, Nor- 
 folk Island pines, and camphors grow 
 up with breathless speed, there seems 
 little or no excuse for not taking every 
 opportunity of making ideal surround- 
 ings and conditions for a town the 
 climate of which both in summer and 
 26 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 winter is well-nigh perfect. A great 
 deal has of course been done for this 
 city and other cities too in Southern 
 California, and some of us, less patient 
 perhaps than is seemly, require to be 
 reminded frequently that the country is 
 only in its infancy ; but for all that, we 
 persist in saying that, considering the 
 easy possibilities, not half enough has 
 been attempted or carried through. But 
 every season makes a difference now; 
 people who love beauty and will have 
 it are finding their way to San Diego 
 and raising their standard there, and 
 before very long the rose-gardens of 
 pretty, sleepy Santa Barbara will find 
 some dangerous rivals. Before very 
 long, too, pride and public spirit will 
 surely conquer hindering circumstances, 
 and then we may look for cooling foun- 
 tains and green resting-places and 
 plenty of shade and a generous supply 
 of easy benches either for the invalids 
 27 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 or the indolent, and perhaps a beautiful 
 boulevard sweeping round the whole 
 extent of the bay and making a noble 
 drive such as few cities in the world 
 could command. 
 
 With regard to the choice of any 
 special part of Southern California for 
 permanent residence or lengthened stay, 
 the climates of the different counties are 
 so different themselves that the wisest 
 plan is to give a fair trial to several 
 of the neighbourhoods. Probably San 
 Diego County would be found to be the 
 most satisfactory for an all-the-year- 
 round home. The climate and beauti- 
 ful position of Coronado Island attract 
 visitors from all parts of the world. 
 The hotel looks right down on the 
 splendid rollers of the Pacific, and the 
 air from that pure summer sea is par- 
 ticularly soft and caressing. Los Ange- 
 les has all the advantages of being a go- 
 ahead, ambitious town within reach of 
 28 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 delightful scenery. Riverside is a town 
 of old established ranches, with plenty of 
 social life and out-door sport Pasadena 
 is a charming suburb of Los Angeles, 
 spreading along the San Gabriel valley 
 and having the stately Sierra Madre 
 range for its protecting deity. Santa 
 Barbara, very similar in situation to 
 Mentone, is especially attractive, greener 
 than most places in Southern California, 
 a very fairy-land of flowers, and with 
 foot-hills which in spring-time are cov- 
 ered with a scented mantle of the yellow 
 wild mustard. And certainly one must 
 not forget the Ojai valley, and the still 
 more beautiful Santa Paula valley, which 
 is apt to remind one of bits of England 
 and Wales. 
 
 So one can take one's choice and 
 move on until the right requirements 
 are found. Visitors and invalids with 
 ample means do not need any words of 
 warning ; it is easy enough for them to 
 29 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 change their plans. But people who are 
 coming from older countries to settle 
 in Southern California cannot be too 
 strongly urged to pause for a time be- 
 fore pitching their tents anywhere. The 
 conditions of life in the West are so 
 utterly different from those found in the 
 Old World that it is quite impossible to 
 realise what one is giving up, and 
 whether one is likely to get a sufficient 
 compensation in climate, circumstance, 
 and chances of success. These remarks 
 do not apply to the so-called labouring 
 classes of Europe or the Eastern States 
 of America: they lose nothing and 
 gain everything by coming out to a 
 new country. Southern California is a 
 paradise for them and means good 
 living, good wages, and good opportu- 
 nities of rising as high as they choose. 
 But for the gently nurtured and for 
 those who have been within reach of 
 artistic and intellectual satisfaction it is 
 30 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 altogether a different matter. These 
 wants will make themselves felt, how- 
 ever gallantly one may contend with 
 them, and there is a starvation of the 
 soul just as possible as the starvation of 
 the body. These are the people who 
 will probably suffer fe from that sad ill- 
 ness, homesickness, and it is for them 
 that these words are especially written. 
 From all that one can gather about the 
 subject, it would seem to be a mistake 
 for middle-aged folk to uproot them- 
 selves from their old surroundings and 
 venture into these new pastures. It 
 goes much better if one comes when 
 one is young enough to leave no regrets 
 behind, and bringing only the brightest 
 and freshest of h6pes untarnished by 
 old memories. 
 
 There is no doubt whatsoever that it 
 
 is a mistake, if not a cruelty, to bring 
 
 delicate women out to ranch life, unless 
 
 there are ample means to pay the very 
 
 31 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 large sum asked and given for house- 
 hold help. It is absurd to talk of the 
 advantages of any climate from Dan to 
 Beersheba itself, if a woman is to be 
 weighed down by hard physical work, 
 such as house-cleaning and washing 
 and baking, for which she has not been 
 trained, and which hitherto has prob- 
 ably never come into her horizon. As 
 a woman herself, the writer of these 
 few pages may be pardoned for laying 
 particular stress on the dangers and suf- 
 ferings liable to arise through ignorance 
 of these important facts. 
 
 It is pleasant to turn away from som- 
 bre thoughts, and in conclusion to speak 
 of some of the more familiar animals and 
 birds and insects found in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. The humming-bird is one of our 
 most welcome friends in the country. 
 A quarrelsome little fellow with his own 
 kind, and very masterful, he is neverthe- 
 less easily tamed. Meadow-larks abound 
 32 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 everywhere, cheerfully singing, accord- 
 ing to reliable authority, the words 
 "Drink out of a bottle, bottle!" We 
 shall find blue-jays, orioles, finches and 
 butcher-birds, canaries, ground-owls, yel- 
 low-hammers, mocking-birds, robins, 
 doves, thrushes and woodpeckers, and 
 many kinds of sparrows, and a few wrens. 
 The most characteristic bird of Califor- 
 nia is the chaparral cock, or paisano, or 
 road-runner, which can be made into a 
 great pet, and is seldom shot at. The 
 turkey-buzzard, majestic in its flight, is 
 a well-known feature of the landscape. 
 Quail are plentiful both in the valleys 
 and on the hills, and are delicious food 
 if properly cooked. Ants of many va- 
 rieties hold possession of the land, and 
 may be seen busy at work all the day 
 long, out of the house and inside too, 
 unless one keeps a ruthless lookout. 
 The tarantula spider is an enormous 
 creature, and is said to give as poisonous 
 3 33 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 a bite as the rattlesnake. Centipedes 
 and scorpions are found, and of course 
 lizards. The pretty little horned toads 
 are quite harmless. The snakes are for 
 the most part harmless, except the rat- 
 tlesnakes, of which there are two kinds, 
 a dark grey and black and a red. 
 They are not aggressive, and desire only 
 to be left alone. When once the ground 
 has been cleared they disappear, creep- 
 ing up to the hot rocky barren hill-tops, 
 their favorite dwelling places. But one 
 cannot be too cautious how one treads, 
 when one has left the main road; for 
 their colour harmonises both with the 
 sage-brush and the dry earth, and it is 
 quite easy to step on them unawares. 
 Still they are very easily killed; in 
 fact, the barefooted children running to 
 school kill them with a well-aimed stone 
 or a long stick or whip and think noth- 
 ing of the matter. Bounding all over 
 the country may be seen the jack-rabbit 
 34 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 and the cotton-tail ; and, alas ! there is 
 no mistaking the passage of the skunk. 
 Coyotes disturb the peace of the night, 
 and eat as many chickens as they can 
 capture. Wild-cats are found in some 
 of the canons, and now and again a 
 mountain lion descends from its solitary 
 heights and prowls round the barns. 
 Deer are found in the mountains, and 
 they are said to be very good eating. 
 Speaking of food reminds one of the fish 
 of the Pacific. They are abundant, cer- 
 tainly, and inspire one with the enthusi- 
 asm of Izaak Walton, but they are not 
 specially dainty or delicate. The barra- 
 cuda is the best; Spanish mackerel is 
 passable, and the yellow-tail is rather like 
 a solid beefsteak of coarse fibre. The 
 best one can say of them is that they are 
 not worthy to come out of such a beau- 
 tiful ocean. For time after time one's 
 thoughts return gratefully to the mem- 
 ory of the Pacific : its blueness, its fresh- 
 35 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 ness, and all its indescribable charm. 
 It may well stand for one's ideal of per- 
 fection in nature. 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUTHERN CALI- 
 FORNIA. 
 
 A GREAT deal that is misleading has 
 been written about the climate of South- 
 ern California. Its charms have been 
 exaggerated, and its drawbacks either 
 passed over in silence or painted in 
 glowing and attractive colours. 
 
 The simple truth about California of 
 the south is quite good enough. 
 
 It is a fact that here is to be found the 
 best yearly climate in the world. Other 
 localities have as good or perhaps a bet- 
 ter climate than ours at their best, but 
 certainly none of them have this happy 
 condition the year round as we do, on 
 the coast and at the higher altitudes. 
 
 A striking peculiarity, and one leading 
 to much confusion, is the great diversity 
 37 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 of climate of this country, and the differ- 
 ent climatic conditions found in even one 
 day's journey. This infinite variety em- 
 braces the perpetual coolness of the 
 coast, the hot dryness of the far inland, or 
 desert, the almost perpetual snows of the 
 higher mountains, and the conditions 
 (similar to the mountain regions of New 
 England) found at a lower elevation, 
 that of four thousand five hundred or 
 five thousand feet. At the lower stations 
 the various climates all have the peculiar 
 charm of California's equability. 
 
 Within a few hours from any given 
 point one may obtain the climate to his 
 liking. This is invaluable to the invalid 
 or health-seeker wishing an immediate 
 change of air. It enables the residents 
 of the interior valleys too to find a lower 
 and more agreeable temperature in sum- 
 mer by visiting the sea-shore or by as- 
 cending some of the surrounding moun- 
 tains. 
 
 38 
 
IN SOUTHERN CA'LIFO'RNIA 
 
 New-comers, however, are often be- 
 wildered by all this variety, and make 
 statements to far-away friends that add 
 chaos to confusion in the minds of East- 
 ern people. This is only natural in a 
 land where the mail-carrier, in his shirt- 
 sleeves, leaves the semi-tropical valley 
 of El Cajon, almost at sea-level, and in 
 a few hours arrives, wrapped in two 
 overcoats, at Julian, five thousand feet 
 above the sea. One traveller reports 
 California to be all sunshine and flowers, 
 another all fog and cold. Some com- 
 plain of the dry desert winds, with 
 their exciting electrical conditions, while 
 others dwell upon the excessive hu- 
 midity ; when the probable truth is that 
 the critic has not selected the proper en- 
 vironment, and has passed by what he 
 is seeking, which is, no doubt, within a 
 few short miles. 
 
 A correct understanding of a climate 
 so varied and with so many possibilities 
 39 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 for life and health cannot be obtained at 
 once. Quite a year's residence is re- 
 quired to know all its advantages and 
 disadvantages. 
 
 We do have cold days. We also 
 have those that are altogether too warm 
 for pleasure and comfort. But we almost 
 never have sufficient cold to injure or 
 kill the most delicate vegetation, nor, on 
 the other hand, is the heat ever pros- 
 trating or dangerous to the individual or 
 his animals. 
 
 We shall see later that this country 
 affords one the greatest latitude in the 
 selection of a home; it may be placed 
 upon the sea-coast in the dryest known 
 marine climate, or, somewhat removed 
 from the coast, in the valleys, which are 
 dryer and warmer; or, again, far in the 
 interior, on the desert of the Mojave or 
 the Colorado, where the temperature 
 is excessively high and the atmosphere 
 almost destitute of moisture. 
 40 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 There is little seasonal change in the 
 extreme southern part of the State. I 
 am accustomed to say to inquirers that 
 our winters resemble September and 
 October in the middle Atlantic coast 
 States, and that our summers are like 
 April and May in the same region. It 
 will be seen, then, that the dividing-line 
 between summer and winter is more ima- 
 ginary than real ; it exists in the calen- 
 dar and the change of vegetation more 
 than in the temperature. Some writer 
 has said that one should stay here the 
 year through and select from any of the 
 months the days that suit his idea of 
 winter; from the fact that the greatest 
 humidity is in the summer and the least 
 in the winter, he may wear an overcoat 
 in July in a temperature which, accord- 
 ing to the thermometer, would render it 
 unnecessary in January. For example, 
 the afternoon temperature at San Diego 
 in December, January, February, and 
 41 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 March was respectively 60.5, 60.9 
 57.7, 62.4 F., and in July it was 
 63.4 F. ; the maximum temperature for 
 July was 79 and for January 74 F. 
 
 The greatest change in temperature 
 occurs at night, more marked in the in- 
 terior valleys than on the coast, and is 
 shown by the fact that in January Los 
 Angeles, which is inland, shows a regis- 
 ter of 46.5 F., and San Diego, which is 
 littoral, 47.5 at 7 P.M., while at 3 P.M. 
 the figures stand respectively, Los 
 Angeles 65.2 and San Diego 60.9 F. 
 In summer this difference is more 
 marked. Warner has observed the 
 thermometer reach 103 at an inland 
 station, while on the coast it was but 
 79 F. This thermometric registration 
 has a peculiarity which one must always 
 bear in mind : while a temperature of 
 85 or 90 F. in New York is almost 
 unendurable, it is far from oppressive 
 in Southern California. Many of us 
 42 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 consider the summer of littoral Califor- 
 nia as the pleasantest season of the year. 
 
 A glance at the thermometric tables 
 will show that in some years the months 
 of July, August, September, and Octo- 
 ber show a three o'clock temperature 
 with hardly an appreciable difference. 
 The greatest change is at midnight and 
 just before sunrise, hours at which most 
 people, particularly health-seekers, are 
 not exposed to alternations in tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 I wish to call particular attention to 
 the apparent difference between sun- 
 shine and shade, and mid-day and mid- 
 night. This change is more a subjective 
 sensation than a reality, and is true of 
 all semi-tropical locations. It is less 
 marked in California than in Italy, but it 
 always appeals strongly to the new- 
 comer, who is surprised at the immediate 
 sense of chill when he enters the shade 
 from the direct rays of the sun. It is on 
 43 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 this account that one who learns to know 
 this climate is rarely seen without a light 
 over-covering within, reach; there are 
 some, however, who will become so ac- 
 climated that this additional covering 
 will become superfluous, but these con- 
 stitute the small minority. 
 
 As night advances the temperature 
 decreases, and while this change may 
 not cause the mercury to fall many 
 degrees, still it is very noticeable to the 
 individual. This is less marked on the 
 coast in summer, and more so at all 
 seasons in the interior. 
 
 Further to show the remarkable equa- 
 bility of the coast climate, as illustrated 
 by San Diego, we present the following 
 table through the courtesy of M. Yale 
 Beach, Esq. It shows the maximum 
 and minimum temperature at San Diego 
 for twenty-two years, and is compiled 
 from the official record of the United 
 States Weather Bureau. 
 44 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
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TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 The preceding table presents the aver- 
 age temperature for each hour of the 
 day of each month of the year, and the 
 greatest and least variation of tempera- 
 ture in any twenty-four hours. In ad- 
 dition, it presents the mean monthly 
 humidity. It was compiled from the 
 statistics of the United States Weather 
 Bureau by John Ginty, Esq. 
 
 Temperature records are very mislead- 
 ing, from the fact that two localities may 
 have the same mean temperature, either 
 annual or monthly, and yet be vastly 
 different in their thermal conditions. 
 This is well illustrated by W. F. R. Phil- 
 lips, M.D.,* who presents the following 
 example: Des Moines, Iowa, and Ta- 
 toosh Island, Washington, have the same 
 annual mean temperature, 49 R, but 
 the mean temperature of the hottest 
 month in the former place is 75 F., and 
 
 * Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 
 1891-92, pp. 29-30. 
 
 48 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 that in the latter 56 F. The mean tem- 
 perature of the coldest month of Des 
 Moines is 18 F., and of Tatoosh Island 
 41 F. Again, the highest temperature 
 recorded at Des Moines is 104 F., and 
 at Tatoosh Island 78 F., and the lowest 
 temperature at the first 30 F. below 
 zero, and at the latter 7 F. above. This 
 makes a total range of 134 F. for the 
 one and 85 F. for the other. 
 
 It will thus be seen that, in order to 
 obtain a correct appreciation of the ther- 
 mal conditions of a given place, though 
 it may be on the same isotherm as one 
 with which we are very familiar, it is 
 necessary to consider their various phases 
 of atmospheric temperature.* To ac- 
 
 * Phillips (ibid.) considers the more important of 
 these phases to be, 
 
 I. The mean daily temperature or the average de- 
 gree of heat received in twenty-four hours which, 
 meteorologically defined, is the arithmetical mean of 
 twenty-four-hourly observation. In practice this is 
 4 49 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 complish this we present a record of 
 the self-registering thermograph at the 
 
 obtained by using the mean of the highest and lowest 
 temperatures recorded by self-registering thermome- 
 ters. 
 
 2. The daily mean maximum temperature, or the 
 average of a series of the daily highest tempera- 
 tures recorded at any moment and during a given 
 period. 
 
 3. The daily mean minimum temperature, or the 
 average of a series of the daily lowest temperatures 
 recorded. 
 
 4. The average daily range of temperature, or the 
 difference between the mean maximum and mean 
 minimum temperatures. 
 
 5. The daily mean variability of the temperature, 
 or the average difference between the mean tempera- 
 tures of any two consecutive days. 
 
 6. The absolute maximum temperature, or greatest 
 degree of heat received at any moment during a 
 given period. 
 
 7. The absolute minimum temperature, or the 
 lowest degree of heat at any moment during a given 
 period. 
 
 The first five phases show the temperature proba- 
 bilities and the last two the temperature possibilities 
 50 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 United States Weather Bureau, San 
 Diego, California, showing the number 
 of hours that each degree of temperature 
 registered last year, compiled by John 
 Ginty, Esq. 
 
 The so-called rainy season in this sec- 
 tion usually begins in November, though 
 slight showers may have occurred in 
 October, and it lasts until about the mid- 
 dle of April. One must remember, how- 
 ever, that this rain period is not one of 
 continuous downpour, but is pleasantly 
 interspersed with bright, warm days and 
 dazzling sunshine, and also that the 
 heaviest rain is very apt to fall at night. 
 Here again we find it difficult to make a 
 hard and fast statement. The seasons, 
 even in this land of equable climatic con- 
 
 of a climate. All these points are well shown in the 
 tables which appear in the text. A careful study of 
 these tables will furnish one with all the variations 
 of temperature for the southern coast-strip of Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 51 
 
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TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
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 Greatest variation in any one day, 31 F., on February 27 ; 
 least on January 14, variation being only 2 F. in the twenty- 
 four hours. Greatest variation during the entire year, 53 F. 
 Lowest temperature, 37 F., for one hour only, on January 
 27, at i P.M. ; highest, 90 F., for one hour only, September 
 15, at 4 P.M. Mean annual temperature, 60 F. Mean annual 
 humidity, 78 per cent. From 1872 to 1896, out of 7401 days 
 there were only a few hours in 247 days that the temperature 
 exceeded 80 F., and only 2 days in which it fell as low as 
 32 F. above zero. [Copyright 1895, by John Ginty.] 
 
 54 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 ditions, are liable to vary greatly in the 
 total rainfall and its distribution. In 
 some years it exceeds the quantity which 
 has been established as the maximum, 
 and in others is far below the average 
 minimum. 
 
 The following table shows the rainfall 
 for twenty-four years, recorded by self- 
 recording instruments in the United 
 States Weather Bureau. 
 
 During the winter months there are 
 few days on which one cannot be out of 
 doors at least a portion of the twenty- 
 four hours. The rains occur when the 
 winds are from the south, and discon- 
 tinue as soon as the prevailing western 
 winds arise, when the atmosphere at 
 once clears. Thus there is an entire 
 absence of the enervating steamy heat 
 of the Atlantic coast, and one can imme- 
 diately resume his out-door life. It is a 
 well-known fact that a thermometrical 
 heat which would be enervating in other 
 55 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
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 S^b -2 U J^ 
 
 
 > 
 
 &^' -55S|fiS 
 S 3 2 "^ >, ^S,- r o > % 
 
 J SJJS-a tf frsl J 
 
 WS<S=A<*OS5Q 
 
 1' 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 fts 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 . . . ^u 
 
 , 2 
 
 57 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 localities is stimulating in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 The coast fog, about which so much 
 has been written, is most frequent during 
 the months of April, May, and June. 
 The fog-bank usually rolls in about 
 nightfall, and disappears a few hours 
 before sunrise. About nine o'clock in 
 the morning the coast is entirely free 
 from fog. During these months there 
 are a few days, however, when the fog is 
 more persistent, and a fine mist lasts 
 until half-past twelve or one o'clock ; but 
 this happens only a half-dozen days out 
 of the year. 
 
 The sunshine record is accurately re- 
 corded by the United States government. 
 The following table was obtained from 
 their annual report for the year 1893, 
 the latest published, and is of great in- 
 terest and value in our present study. 
 It shows the main climatic conditions for 
 the greater portion of California, as well 
 58 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 as the principal sections of the United 
 States. The table is full of interesting 
 deductions, which can be made by the 
 reader. Placing the sunshine for twenty- 
 four hours at one hundred, the figures 
 in the table will give the part of one 
 hundred in which the sunshine has been 
 actually observed, the result being ex- 
 pressed as a percentage of sunshine. 
 The ingenious instruments used to make 
 this record are the photographic and 
 thermometric sunshine recorders, de- 
 scribed by Professor Marvin.* The best 
 
 J 
 results are obtained from the western 
 
 stations, where the proportion of sun- 
 shine is greater and the atmosphere 
 dryer. 
 
 This report shows that at San Diego 
 there was sixty-eight per cent, of the 
 possible sunshine during 1893; that 
 
 * Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 
 1891-92. 
 
 59 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 August had seventy-six per cent, of pos- 
 sible sunshine ; April and October, sev- 
 enty-five per cent. ; July, seventy-three 
 
 Place. 
 
 g 
 
 P4 
 
 oT 
 .5 
 
 w 
 
 No. days clear or 
 partly cloudy. 
 
 ! 
 I 
 
 T3 
 
 i 
 
 80 
 60 
 
 I 9 
 
 61 
 49 
 44 
 151 
 125 
 126 
 in 
 
 112 
 143 
 
 39 
 131 
 39 
 137 
 
 H 
 ) 
 
 no 
 136 
 180 
 9i 
 9 1 
 
 
 
 49 
 103 
 
 
 1 
 
 !& 
 
 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 I 1 
 
 N 
 I* 
 
 s 
 
 
 60 
 
 *6 5 
 *6o 
 *66 
 68 
 *6 5 
 * 4 o 
 53 
 
 % 
 
 47 
 42 
 67 
 48 
 74 
 45 
 59 
 
 g 
 
 52 
 *47 
 49 
 
 lo 
 63 
 74 
 53 
 77 
 52 
 
 235 
 35 
 286 
 304 
 316 
 321 
 214 
 240 
 239 
 254 
 253 
 
 222 
 
 326 
 234 
 326 
 228 
 288 
 282 
 282 
 289 
 255 
 229 
 l8 S 
 274 
 274 
 
 334 
 285 
 316 
 262 
 
 17.91 
 24.36 
 16.59 
 9.40 
 10.29 
 21.96 
 53-71 
 41.84 
 38.64 
 27.47 
 44.00 
 
 33.88 
 8.48 
 34.18 
 
 IO.I2 
 29.87 
 
 35-43 
 32.12 
 44-45 
 48.02 
 53-01 
 37-65 
 39-03 
 39-33 
 17-35 
 14.94 
 61.58 
 13.12 
 36-71 
 
 60. i 
 71.7 
 69.6 
 74.2 
 63.2 
 72.8 
 56.0 
 55-3 
 52.8 
 52.9 
 62.1 
 55-4 
 69-3 
 54-5 
 68.3 
 47-8 
 75-1 
 62.5 
 70.6 
 76.8 
 58.4 
 60.7 
 57-1 
 63.8 
 
 75*5 
 81.9 
 62.8 
 
 48.5 
 
 49-5 
 48.1 
 
 47-9 
 53-0 
 50.2 
 45-2 
 
 3 4 ?:I 
 
 39-2 
 45-3 
 40.7 
 
 37-9 
 39-2 
 41.0 
 34-2 
 65.4 
 43-2 
 52.0 
 61.9 
 44-2 
 45-2 
 43-1 
 46.7 
 40.4 
 38.7 
 57-9 
 50.4 
 44-7 
 
 Red Bluff 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eureka 
 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Denver 
 
 
 Dodge City 
 
 
 
 Kansas City . . . . , 
 
 
 
 New York City .... 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Portland, Ore 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Salt Lake City 
 Santa Fe 
 
 Savannah 
 
 
 Washington City .... 
 
 * Approximated. 
 60 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 per cent; November, seventy-one per 
 cent. ; February, seventy per cent. ; Sep- 
 tember, sixty-nine per cent; January, 
 May, and December, sixty-six per cent. ; 
 June, sixty-one per cent; and March, 
 fifty-six per cent; or, that the least 
 amount of sunshine in any month is in 
 March, when fifty-six per cent, of the 
 possible prevails. The least amount of 
 sunshine here is greater than the annual 
 average amount prevailing all over that 
 portion of the United States east of the 
 Mississippi River and north of a line 
 drawn on the latitude of Omaha. On 
 an average throughout the year, eighty 
 per cent or more of the possible sun- 
 shine prevails at San Diego from eleven 
 A.M. to five P.M. 
 
 The summers of Southern California 
 seem to be little understood. So much 
 has been written about the winters and 
 so little about the other periods of the 
 year that the general impression is that 
 61 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 Southern California is simply a winter 
 station. This false conception of the 
 true conditions does not have much op- 
 portunity for correction, because the 
 great mass of travel, both invalid and 
 tourist, usually occurs in winter. Few 
 except the permanent residents know of 
 the beauties of a Californian sea-coast 
 summer. 
 
 The days are characterized by a con- 
 stant sea-breeze which blows with as- 
 tonishing regularity; it is rarely too 
 warm for comfort, like the days at Cape 
 May, Atlantic City, Long Branch, or 
 other popular Atlantic coast resorts.* 
 
 * The following table shows the winter and sum- 
 mer variations of the ocean's temperature upon the 
 Atlantic coast as compared with the Pacific : Lind- 
 
 ley and Widney. * 
 
 January. July. 
 
 New York 33-3 7 2 *4 
 
 Savannah 49-9 84.5 
 
 San Francisco 52.1 59-O 
 
 Long Beach 60.0 68.5 
 
 62 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 The nights are always delightfully cool. 
 The mid-day temperature varies from 
 65 to 85 R, rarely the latter, and 
 usually from 74 to 78 F. Those of 
 us who live on the coast consider this 
 the most delightful season of the year. 
 But as it is the period of absence of 
 rainfall, there is a consequent dryness 
 and barrenness of vegetation, and it is 
 now that the hills assume their rusty 
 dusty brown. As far as vegetation is 
 concerned, it is the analogue of the 
 Eastern winter. 
 
 The interior valleys, however, present 
 a very different state of affairs. Here 
 the summer temperature is not un- 
 usually 95 to 100 F., and sometimes 
 reaches 105 F. ; but this, again, is not 
 the same 105 F. as that on the At- 
 lantic coast. Owing to the slight hu- 
 midity one's sensations are very differ- 
 ent indeed. The striking dryness of 
 these regions is most remarkable, and 
 63 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 extends even to the coast, which has 
 undoubtedly, as I have before men- 
 tioned, the dryest marine climate of 
 which we have any knowledge. 
 
 Several times during the summer the 
 so-called desert spells occur. This is 
 when the land-breeze or wind from the 
 desert, many miles in the interior, gains 
 ascendency over the prevailing western 
 or ocean breeze. During this time the 
 thermometer is apt to show a very high 
 registration. Under these conditions 
 I have seen it at San Diego register 
 98 R, for only a few hours, however, 
 and in the interior reach no or 112 
 F. The "desert wind" lasts usually 
 only two or three days, but is ex- 
 tremely disagreeable and exciting, owing 
 to its absolute dryness and peculiar 
 electrical condition. The nights during 
 this unusual rise in temperature are 
 always cool and pleasant; one never 
 experiences the sleepless, tossing nights 
 64 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 of the humid East.* These are the 
 only evenings upon which one may sit 
 out of doors with entire comfort and 
 without sensation of chill ; this evening 
 chill is one of the peculiarities of our 
 climate, and is somewhat disappointing 
 to the new-comer. 
 
 The peninsula of Coronado has a 
 true marine climate. It is a narrow 
 strip of land twelve miles long, and 
 varying in width from a few yards to 
 two miles, and gives San Diego its 
 magnificent land-locked" harbour. Its 
 climate is very similar to that of San 
 
 * It is not within the province of this little book 
 to inquire into the laws which govern climatic con- 
 ditions, or to offer the explanation of the Kuro Siwo 
 current or the in-shore trade or counter-trade winds 
 that give California its peculiar climate, but rather 
 to state the conditions as they exist, leaving the 
 reader to the more pretentious works on climates and 
 medical climatology for fuller information on these 
 subjects. 
 
 5 65 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 
 I 
 & 
 
 Baltimore. 
 
 3* 
 6 
 
 < 
 
 Coronado. 
 
 41 
 
 r 
 
 July I 
 
 78 
 
 73 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 73 
 
 68 
 
 75 
 
 
 77 
 
 Ro 
 
 74 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 July 4 .... 
 
 71 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 6-r 
 
 >jf 
 
 July c 
 
 78 
 
 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 g 
 
 
 74 
 
 83 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 85 
 
 
 8q 
 
 86 
 
 76 
 
 68 
 
 84 
 
 Tuly 8 . . 
 
 51 
 
 83 
 
 77 
 
 67 
 
 78 
 
 uly Q . 
 
 7 8 
 
 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 yc 
 
 RR 
 
 4 
 
 7^ 
 
 
 68 
 
 60 
 
 75 
 
 66 
 
 
 uly 12 
 
 78 
 
 7 
 
 
 65 
 
 ^6 
 
 
 72 
 
 82 
 
 72 
 
 66 
 
 Ro 
 
 
 71 
 
 76 
 
 73 
 
 7 1 
 
 82 
 
 
 60 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 8^1 
 
 uly ID . . 
 
 65 
 
 82 
 
 73 
 
 7* 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 9 
 
 74 
 
 69 
 
 81 
 
 uly 18 
 
 82 
 
 92 
 
 77 
 
 72 
 
 82 
 
 uly 19....... 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 B| 
 
 75 
 
 7O 
 
 
 80 
 
 93 
 
 75 
 
 65 
 
 75 
 
 uly 21 
 
 82 
 
 95 
 
 7 R 
 
 66 
 
 74 
 
 uly 22 , . 
 
 83 
 
 88 
 
 81 
 
 67 
 
 77 
 
 uly 23 
 
 8? 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 66 
 
 7 R 
 
 uly 24 . ... 
 
 82 
 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 69 
 
 8^ 
 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 75 
 
 7 
 
 8^ 
 
 
 80 
 
 R? 
 
 75 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 July 27 
 
 79 
 
 7 
 
 77 
 
 71 
 
 7 R 
 
 July 28 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 79 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 July 30 ........ 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 80 
 
 July 7i 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 *7 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 76 
 
 68 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 August i . . . 
 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 8^ 
 
 
 73 
 
 
 75 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 
 79 
 
 
 78 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 
 Augus 4 
 
 8? 
 
 
 7 R 
 
 68 
 
 85 
 
 Augfus "? 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 7^ 
 
 70 
 
 84 
 
 
 89 
 
 86 
 
 7 6 
 
 72 
 
 83 
 
 Augus 7 
 
 Ro 
 
 80 
 
 76 
 
 
 T 
 
 Augus 8 
 
 84 
 
 91 
 
 ^6 
 
 70 
 
 7O 
 
 Augus 9 
 
 84 
 
 QA 
 
 RT 
 
 70 
 
 Rn 
 
 Augus 10 
 
 86 
 
 96 
 
 70 
 
 6q 
 
 78 
 
 
 79 
 
 Qtf 
 
 Rl 
 
 69 
 
 76 
 
 August 12 
 
 73 
 
 QI 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 78 
 
 August 13 
 
 73 
 
 ?n 
 
 80 
 
 60 
 
 g 
 
 August 14 
 
 79 
 
 ft 
 
 8q 
 
 74 
 
 Ro 
 
 
 R? 
 
 R 7 
 
 H5 
 
 7 i 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 Diego, said to be a little cooler in summer 
 and perhaps a degree or so warmer in 
 winter. Lindley has presented the pre- 
 ceding table in the Journal of the Ameri- 
 can Medical Association, March 21, 1896, 
 which shows the comparative maximum 
 temperature during July and the first 
 fifteen days of August, 1895, in Boston, 
 Baltimore, and Atlantic City upon the 
 Atlantic coast, and in Coronado and Los 
 Angeles upon the Pacific coast. 
 
 67 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUTHERN CALI- 
 FORNIA. (CONTINUED.) 
 
 HAVING considered the climatic pe- 
 culiarities of littoral California at some 
 length, taking San Diego as a type, we 
 shall now turn our attention to the 
 interior. 
 
 The Sierra range of mountains marks 
 the dividing line. But the coast range 
 of this vast mountain-chain begins grad- 
 ually to disappear in Southern Califor- 
 nia, so that, in certain localities, the 
 interior is more open to the sea. Wid- 
 ney so well describes this topography 
 that I shall quote from him at length. 
 
 " This interior plain in Southern California is 
 
 made up of the long reach which includes the San 
 
 Fernando valley, the Pasadena country, the valley 
 
 of the San Gabriel River, the Whittier foot-hills, 
 
 68 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the Pomona and Ontario uplands, the valley of the 
 Santa Ana River, in which lie Colton, the San 
 Bernardino country, and Riverside, and the long 
 plains of the San Jacinto River southward. Unlike 
 the inland plain of Northern California, it is very 
 irregular in outline, branching out in many direc- 
 tions, and often merging almost insensibly into 
 rolling upland mesas. This plain, with its irregular 
 windings, is about two hundred miles in length, 
 with a width varying from fifteen to thirty miles. 
 It is smaller than the corresponding interior valley 
 of Northern California, but the reverse is the case 
 with regard to the coast plain. Instead of the 
 narrow rim which makes the ocean frontage outside 
 of the coast range in the northern portion of the 
 State, in Southern California, an extensive plain 
 faces the sea, having a length of about one hundred 
 and fifty miles, and a depth varying from fifteen to 
 twenty-five miles. This does not include the long 
 valley of the Santa Clara and San Buenaventura 
 Rivers, which fronts on the ocean for some thirty 
 miles, with a depth of about seventy-five, nor the 
 Santa Barbara plain. Between this coast plain and 
 the long interior valley, the coast range of moun- 
 tains, instead of the continuous chain which it pre- 
 sents in Northern California, is broken and opposite 
 the Los Angeles plains for a space entirely disap- 
 pears. The whole country, interior valley system as 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 well as coast plains, becomes thus a great open 
 coast land facing the south, and with the high 
 Sierra for a background. 
 
 " The area of the plains of Southern California is 
 really largely increased over their apparent size by 
 the rolling, hilly uplands into which, in many direc- 
 tions, they merge. This is especially the case in a 
 country which lies between the San Fernando val- 
 ley and the lower Santa Clara valley, and also in the 
 great upland which rises from San Jacinto towards 
 the south in San Diego County. The Sierra, which, 
 north of the so-called Mojave Desert, makes a great 
 curve westward round the south end of the San 
 Joaquin plain of the central belt, turns southward 
 again opposite Santa Barbara and Ventura Coun- 
 ties, and, doubling back upon its course, walls in the 
 west end of the desert, then, turning directly east- 
 ward, separates the desert from the Los Angeles and 
 San Bernardo plains. Turning southward again, it 
 stands as a wall between the Colorado Desert and 
 that portion of Southern California lying west of 
 its base. The range varies in height from five 
 thousand to seven thousand feet, with peaks reach- 
 ing from eight thousand to eleven thousand feet. 
 While maintaining this great elevation it yet de- 
 velops one feature which it does not possess opposite 
 the central belt. It breaks down at several points 
 into low passes between the coast and the interior of 
 70 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the continent. The pass by which the Central Pacific 
 Railroad, on its way eastward from San Francisco, 
 crosses the Sierra, is seven thousand and seventeen 
 feet in elevation. Yet the Soledad Pass, by which the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the Sierra in South- 
 ern California, is only two thousand eight hundred 
 and twenty-two feet ; the Cajon Pass, by which the 
 Atchison and Topeka Railroad enters, is about the 
 same height ; and the San Gorgonio Pass, by which 
 the Southern Pacific crosses on the road to Galveston 
 and New Orleans, is only two thousand five hundred 
 and sixty feet above the sea. There are numerous 
 other comparatively low passes through the Sierra at 
 the west end of the Mojave Desert, leading towards 
 the sea in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, and 
 also through the range south of San Gorgonio. 
 These passes through the Southern Sierra have a 
 marked influence not only upon the climate of the 
 coast portions of Southern California but also upon 
 that of the deserts lying at the east base of the Sierra. 
 " The Mojave Desert lying beyond those passes 
 which open northward has an area of several 
 thousand square miles with an elevation above the 
 sea of some two thousand feet. The Colorado 
 Desert, which lies opposite the passes leading east- 
 ward, is somewhat less in area, and has a portion of 
 its surface three hundred and fifty feet below the 
 level of the sea." 
 
 71 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 Los Angeles may be taken as a typi- 
 cal inland city of Southern California. 
 It is the metropolis of all this southern 
 country, and is situated about midway 
 between the sea and the mountains, 
 twenty miles from the former, and four- 
 teen from the latter, and about equidis- 
 tant from San Diego and Santa Barbara. 
 It has grown into a beautiful town, and, 
 in so far as it has reached the size and 
 condition of a large city, has grown away 
 from its suitability as a health-resort for 
 a large class of invalids. Nevertheless, 
 as far as I know, it has the best climate 
 of any city of its size. Its winter tem- 
 perature shows an average of 52 F. 
 and its summer temperature is in the 
 seventies and eighties. The mean 
 yearly maximum temperature, compiled 
 for a number of years, is 87.3 F., the 
 mean yearly minimum is 43.4 F. The 
 average number of clear days is one 
 hundred and seventy-six, fair days one 
 72 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 hundred and forty, cloudy days forty- 
 nine, making three hundred and sixteen 
 days during the year in which a person 
 could be out of doors. The average 
 number of rainy days is forty-two. 
 During the night and morning the 
 winds are generally land breezes, turning 
 in the early afternoon to fresh westerly 
 sea breezes ; there are high winds during 
 the winter, and blustering storms during 
 the rainy season. During the dry 
 season there is an occasional " norther/' 
 or hot wind, due to a very high atmos- 
 pheric pressure in Northern California 
 with a relatively low one in the Southern 
 Californian regions. Fogs are more 
 frequent during the change of seasons, 
 when cooler, moist air comes in from 
 the Pacific Ocean. The soil is generally 
 dry and porous, though some few local- 
 ities are adobe, or damp and sticky, but 
 the dry soil predominates. 
 
 The advantages of this region as a 
 73 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 health-resort are, its dry soil, mild tem- 
 perature, comparatively low humidity, 
 the number of days when one can be 
 out of doors, and the fact that the alti- 
 tude and climate can be varied by a 
 few hours* journey.* 
 
 Los Angeles is surrounded by a most 
 attractive country, well cultivated, and 
 far in advance of the rest of Southern 
 California. Here are many very good 
 invalid stations, as Pasadena, Sierra 
 Madre, Whittier, San Gabriel, and 
 others; their climate is similar to that 
 of Los Angeles itself. The temperature 
 is less equable than in the sea-coast 
 towns, but it is perfectly acceptable to 
 the average invalid. All the surround- 
 ing country has about the same climatic 
 conditions, and varies in elevation from 
 three hundred and fifty to five hundred 
 
 * Report of Committee on Health-Resorts, Amer- 
 ican Climatological Association, vol. xi., 1895. 
 
 74 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 feet, with an average rainfall of about 
 sixteen inches, having about fifty rainy 
 days, a humidity of sixty-seven per cent, 
 and a mean temperature varying, as we 
 have seen, from 50 to 80 F. ; but it must 
 be remembered that all these interior 
 stations show a very high thermometric 
 registration during the summer. The 
 same degree of sunshine is found in the 
 interior as we have recorded upon the 
 coast. Far in the interior the fogs are 
 somewhat less, but for twenty miles and 
 more from the coast they are quite as 
 prevalent and dense as on the coast 
 itself. One escapes them only by re- 
 treating far into the interior to the 
 higher altitudes. There we arrive at a 
 condition that is very similar to the 
 mountainous region of the far Eastern 
 States, and also nearly resembles the 
 well-known stations in the Swiss Alps, 
 such as Andermatt, four thousand three 
 hundred and seventy-eight feet, Weisen, 
 75 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 four thousand seven hundred and sev- 
 enty-one feet, Davos, five thousand one 
 hundred and five feet, and Malloja, six 
 thousand feet. At this altitude we do not 
 find so many of California's peculiar and 
 distinctive charms. 
 
 January . 
 February 
 March 
 April . 
 May . 
 June . 
 July . 
 August 
 September 
 October . . 
 November 
 December . 
 
 Means . 
 
 49-7 
 50.9 
 53-4 
 
 4 
 
 62.8 
 65.9 
 65-9 
 62.6 
 57-4 
 54-5 
 
 ;rat 
 ? in 
 
 57.8 
 
 56.8 
 
 62 
 
 65 
 
 61.8 
 
 76-5 
 69.2 
 
 59-5 
 
 1 * 
 
 42.8 
 45 
 
 44 
 
 69.7 
 60.5 
 56.7 
 56.5 
 
 5: 
 
 4 1 
 
 58.3 66.7 52.5 0.84 
 
 0.99 
 0.76 
 0.29 
 0.24 
 0.9: 
 
 0.00 
 O.I2 
 
 o.oo 
 
 1.36 
 
 0.68 
 0.07 
 4.67 
 
 74 
 
 s 
 
 74 4-6 
 
 
 
 e-s 
 
 52.8 
 
 54-3 
 
 55-7 
 
 58. 
 
 59.6 
 
 62.6 
 
 65-9 
 
 & 
 
 62.8 
 58.5 
 55-3 
 
 59-9 
 
 The preceding table is a synopsis of the 
 weather at Santa Barbara, California, for 
 76 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the year 1894, and is compiled by Hugh 
 D. Vail from daily observation of tem- 
 perature as shown by self-registering 
 thermometers, and the movement of 
 the wind as measured by a Robinson 
 anemometer. Santa Barbara is in lati- 
 tude 34 24' 30.7", and longitude 1 19 
 41' 22". 
 
 The mean temperature of the year was 
 58.3 F., being 1.6 below the average; 
 that of the three winter months 51.5, 
 of the spring 56.2, of the summer 
 63.4, and of the fall 62. The highest 
 temperature during the year was 94, on 
 September 15, and the lowest 33, on 
 January 7. There were but ten days 
 when the temperature rose above 80 : of 
 these one was in April, one in June, four 
 were in August, and four in September. 
 Of the three hundred and sixty-five days 
 in the year, two hundred and fifteen were 
 clear, seventy fair, and eighty cloudy. 
 Rain to the amount of one-tenth of an 
 77 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 inch or over fell on seventeen days. The 
 rainfall for the year was 10.09 inches; 
 that for the season 1893-94, 7.02 inches; 
 while the average annual rainfall is about 
 1 8 inches. The mean relative humidity 
 was seventy-four per cent. The prevail- 
 ing wind during the year was west ; and 
 the total movement forty thousand one 
 hundred and eighty-one miles, making 
 the average velocity about four and one- 
 half miles an hour. The greatest move- 
 ment for any one day was three hundred 
 and eighty-six miles, on January 10, 
 being an average of sixteen miles an 
 hour. The most prominent peculiarities 
 of the past year were light rainfalls, 
 greater cloudiness than usual, and a 
 general uniformity of temperature which 
 was nearly two degrees below the nor- 
 mal. 
 
 The Ojai valley, in Ventura County, 
 forty miles east of Santa Barbara, is a 
 typical inland valley, six to eight miles 
 78 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 long, and three to four wide ; its altitude 
 is from nine hundred to fifteen hundred 
 feet. The soil consists of gravel, and 
 more or less loam on the levels, a clay 
 subsoil, and considerable adobe, with 
 some alkali. In some places water runs 
 off quickly, or is rapidly absorbed, leav- 
 ing little dampness. The winter shows 
 temperature extremes of eighty degrees 
 to twenty-six degrees ; ordinarily, the 
 record is seventy to forty degrees; 
 summer extremes, one hundred and ten 
 to fifty degrees, ordinarily ninety to 
 sixty-five degrees. The atmosphere is 
 said to be extremely dry, and there is no 
 dew. There are occasional high winds 
 with sand storms ; the wind that blows 
 from the north, from the Mojave Desert, 
 creates considerable electrical disturb- 
 ance. Fogs are infrequent, and, when 
 they do occur, disappear by 9 A.M., 
 with a few exceptions. During the year 
 1894 there were over three hundred 
 79 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 bright, sunny days.* The average 
 yearly rainfall is sixteen inches. 
 
 Pasadena, about twenty-eight miles 
 from the coast, is situated at an elevation 
 of eight hundred to one thousand feet ; 
 within eight miles are numerous points 
 varying in elevation from twelve hundred 
 to thirty-five hundred feet. The soil is a 
 sandy loam. The mean average tem- 
 perature for January is 53.9; July, 
 70.2; December, 58; August, 70 F. 
 The mean maximum and minimum tem- 
 perature for December, 88 F. maxi- 
 mum, 37 minimum ; for July, 90 F. 
 maximum, 51 minimum. The relative 
 humidity for July is sixty per cent; 
 December, sixty-four per cent; Sep- 
 tember, seventy per cent. From April 
 to September fogs are quite frequent in 
 the early morning, usually disappearing 
 
 * Report of Committee on Health-Resorts, Amer- 
 ican Climatological Association, vol. xi., 1895. 
 80 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 by nine o'clock. The proportion of 
 bright, sunny days is about as in Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 Redlands is thirteen hundred and fifty 
 feet above the sea-level, and is in a 
 valley surrounded by mountains of from 
 five thousand to ten thousand feet alti- 
 tude. The soil is dry, red, deep, and 
 porous, in some places stony. The 
 average rainfall is twelve inches. The 
 summers are hot, but owing to excessive 
 dryness are said not to be oppressive. 
 During the day the thermometer is apt 
 to register 110 F. The winter ex- 
 tremes are from 35 to 80 F., the 
 former on December 12 and 29, 1893, 
 and the latter on December 5 and 6, 
 1893. Occasional high winds occur, 
 and some fogs which generally disap- 
 pear during the forenoon. 
 
 If one pursues his course farther into 
 the interior, he reaches either one or the 
 other of the two great deserts of South- 
 6 81 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 ern California, the Mojave and the Colo- 
 rado. In the latter, in the southeastern 
 portion of San Diego County, is to 
 be found a most remarkable depression 
 in the earth's surface, the bed of an 
 ancient sea, known as the San Felipe 
 Sink, or the Conchilla Valley. The 
 deepest part of this depression is three 
 hundred and sixty feet below sea-level, 
 the lowest spot in the United States.* 
 
 * Other places below sea-level are : Sink of the 
 Amargosa (Arroyo del Muerto), in Eastern Califor- 
 nia, two hundred and twenty-five feet below sea- 
 level; the Caspian Sea, eighty-five feet below sea- 
 level ; Lake Assal, east of Abyssinia in the Afar 
 country, eight miles long and four miles wide, seven 
 hundred and sixty feet below sea-level. There are 
 several depressions about six hundred feet below 
 sea-level in this vicinity. The noted oasis Siwah, in 
 the Libyan Desert, three hundred miles west of 
 Cairo, is one hundred feet below sea-level. There 
 are also numerous other depressions in the desert 
 portion of Algeria and at various points in the Sa- 
 hara Desert. (Lindley.) 
 
 82 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 This sea-bed is one hundred and thirty 
 miles in length and about thirty miles 
 wide. At Salton, some little distance 
 into the depression, the sun temperature 
 reaches 135 to 160 F., but the hu- 
 midity is low and the heat is fairly well 
 tolerated. One may here obtain the 
 effects of moderately compressed air. 
 The famous volcanoes are a few miles 
 from this point. 
 
 Indio is near the edge of the de- 
 pression, and is but twenty feet below 
 sea-level. Invalids may select it for a 
 location, as it is on the railroad, and 
 water is supplied by artesian wells. In 
 two hours' time by railway, Beaumont 
 may be reached, twenty-five hundred 
 feet above the sea, and in another two 
 hours the San Jacinto Mountains, from 
 six to ten thousand feet above the sea. 
 
 Several years ago water returned to 
 the bed of this ancient sea and gave 
 rise to much speculation among clima- 
 83 
 
TWO' HEALTH -SEEKERS 
 
 tologists as to the possible effect that 
 this large body of water would have 
 upon the climate of Southern California. 
 I contributed my quota to this discus- 
 sion in The Climatologist for February, 
 1892, from which I extract the follow- 
 ing : " To us as climatologists the most 
 interesting part of this ancient sea is a 
 valley about sixty miles in length, fifteen 
 miles wide, and almost surrounded by 
 mountains, some of which are of nearly 
 ten thousand feet altitude. It is through 
 this valley that the Southern Pacific 
 Railroad finds its exit after leaving the 
 pass of San Gorgonio. A recent writer 
 has termed it 'The Death Valley/ al- 
 though from four hundred to five hun- 
 dred Cohuilla Indians consider it their 
 home. The traditions of these Indians 
 and the remains of ancient fish-traps 
 seem to show that this sink has before 
 been a large body of water, although 
 not within the existence of any living 
 84 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 man. The usual overflow of the Colo- 
 rado River,* which skirts the sink, has 
 been prevented from rinding its way into 
 this sunken area by its outlet into the 
 New River, which, until the extraordi- 
 nary rainfall of last February, was suf- 
 ficient ; but the unusual precipitation of 
 that month broke down the sand ridges, 
 and the Colorado River began to pour 
 its waters into the desert at the rate of 
 sixteen thousand cubic feet per second, 
 increasing until the flow at Yuma was 
 thirty -five thousand cubic feet per 
 second. The water reached Salton on 
 
 * Powell, of the United States Geological Survey, 
 says that as the delta at the mouth of the Colorado 
 bridges the great trough from side to side, and as the 
 river, in the building of the delta, has shifted its 
 course from place to place, it cannot be that it has 
 always as now flowed southward to the Gulf. Part 
 of the time it must have turned westward to the 
 Cohuilla basin. Whenever it has turned to the 
 southward the lake, having no other tributary, has 
 died away, leaving the basin as we know it now. 
 
 85 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 June 22 of the present year (1891), and 
 now, as I write, the sink is covered with 
 a vast expanse of water, one hundred 
 and forty-five square miles in area, and 
 from two to six feet in depth, while in a 
 few places it reaches the depth of fifteen 
 feet. The traces of the old sea show a 
 depth of eighty feet." 
 
 At the present time much, indeed 
 most, of the water has evaporated or 
 receded into the river, and the valley is 
 almost dry. 
 
 A very good article just published by 
 Gaillard, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.,* 
 who was stationed here in San Diego, 
 and was a member of the International 
 Boundary Commission, United States 
 and Mexico, states that it will be a sur- 
 prise to many to learn that our own 
 California desert holds the world's 
 record for extreme heat, 128 F. in 
 
 * The Cosmopolitan, October, 1896. 
 86 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the shade, at Mammoth Tank, a point 
 in the desert twenty-five miles north 
 of the international boundary-line, a 
 record far in excess of any other ever 
 observed at any regular weather bureau 
 station in the United States. Death 
 Valley, California, is not very far be- 
 hind: it has a record, taken in 1891, of 
 122 F. 
 
 The following table is a comparison 
 of our desert with other well-known 
 high-temperature locations. It is from 
 Harrington's Report on the Climate and 
 Meteorology of Death Valley, California : 
 
 Mammoth Tank, Colorado Desert, Cal. . . 28.0 
 
 Pachpadra, Rajpootana, India ...... 23.1 
 
 Jacobabad, Sinde, India ......... 22.2 
 
 Death Valley, California ......... 22.0 
 
 Dera Ismaeel Kahn, Punjab, India .... 21.5 
 
 Hyderabad, Sinde, India ......... 21,0 
 
 Gardaia, Algerian Sahara, Africa ..... 18.4 
 
 Mooltan, Punjab, India ......... 18.4 
 
 It must be borne in mind that, as 
 Gaillard says, the figures given for the 
 
 87 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 California and Arizona deserts may be 
 disappointing to some who have heard 
 of extremely high temperatures as com- 
 mon occurrences. These statements, he 
 thinks, are partly due to exaggeration 
 and partly to the effect of intense radi- 
 ated and reflected heat, and the great 
 difficulty in procuring suitable shade for 
 the instrument. The desert traveller 
 encounters but little shade, and is ex- 
 posed to the fierce heat of the sun, 
 unless he locates himself at a suitable 
 invalid station, an oasis. The nights are 
 always cool: just before daylight the 
 thermometer may fall as low as 65 F. 
 
 I quote from Gaillard : " But it is in 
 winter that the desert is at its best ; the 
 air then is clear and crisp, invigorating 
 and stimulating to a remarkable degree, 
 and although at times it is somewhat 
 hot in the middle of the day, yet the 
 nights are perfect and the stars shine 
 with a dazzling brilliancy peculiar to the 
 88 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 desert. It is by no means unknown at 
 this season, and the writer recalls three 
 occasions in March, 1893, when, on the 
 Colorado desert, within thirty miles of 
 Mammoth Tank, water froze in his can- 
 teen at night, disproving completely the 
 popular belief that in this region it never 
 becomes cold enough for ice to form. 
 Frost, like dew, is practically unknown, 
 but it is on account of the small amount 
 of moisture in the atmosphere, and not 
 on account of the absence of cold suffi- 
 cient to produce it." 
 
 89 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 OUT-DOOR LIFE FOR WOMEN. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA is the very land 
 for out-door life, and apart from riding 
 and driving and bicycling and camping 
 there are many occupations and interests 
 which come well within the scope of 
 even delicate women. In fact, a year of 
 healthy country-life in Southern Califor- 
 nia would do far more to restore many 
 ailing people to health than several 
 seasons spent in sanitariums and cure- 
 resorts. To begin with, one learns to 
 do without hampering luxuries, and one 
 learns to make the best of everything, 
 and, above all, one is generally at a con- 
 siderable distance from a doctor. These 
 are immense advantages for some inva- 
 lids, especially for rich ones who have 
 90 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 never known what it was "to have a 
 single wish denied." 
 
 A woman can do a great deal of sat- 
 isfactory and useful work on a ranch. 
 She can pick the lemons, oranges, olives, 
 apricots, or peaches ; she can sucker the 
 trees ; she can undertake the anxious 
 task of pruning. She can superintend 
 the curing of olives and lemons, and see 
 after the packing and despatching of the 
 fruit. 
 
 One girl who came from the East, 
 from a busy life, and had more leisure 
 than she needed here, conceived the 
 excellent idea of starting a strawberry 
 ranch, and has made such a capital suc- 
 cess out of it and brought such beauti- 
 ful fruit to the market that others have 
 been only too glad to follow her ex- 
 ample. Another lady has turned her 
 attention to the culture of pampas-grass, 
 and is reported to have won good re- 
 turns for her labour and outlay. One 
 91 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 hears also of tired-out teachers giving 
 up their school-work and taking to 
 nursery gardening with all its various 
 developments. Amateur gardening is a 
 great resource in itself, and the satis- 
 faction of seeing such quick and rich 
 results from one's efforts is quite inde- 
 scribable. Given a fair supply of water, 
 one may soon have a beautiful garden 
 around one, with every variety of rose 
 and carnation ; wisteria, honeysuckle, 
 plumbago, and stephanotis will grow 
 almost like weeds ; in fact, anything and 
 everything will grow as though in fairy- 
 land. So that gardening in Southern 
 California does not mean hope deferred 
 making the heart sick ; it means some- 
 thing quite unusual in the way of com- 
 fort and encouragement, together with 
 the knowledge that one is creating 
 beautiful surroundings for one's home. 
 
 With regard to camping, a few words 
 of caution may not be out of place. 
 92 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 Delicate women are likely to come back 
 worse than they were when they started 
 out, unless their men folk are willing to 
 take upon themselves the whole burden 
 of the work, or unless they can afford to 
 have a Chinaman with them, or some 
 other kind of servant, thus giving them 
 the chance to rest and get the good 
 from the open-air life. Otherwise they 
 are always over-fatigued and can enjoy 
 nothing, and would be far wiser if they 
 remained at home. 
 
 Walking is not one of the pleasures 
 of out-door life in Southern California. 
 Neither the climate nor the country is 
 suitable for it, although botanists who 
 are strong enough for the exertion 
 scramble about everywhere, searching 
 for treasures and fighting determinedly 
 through the thickly-grown brush; but 
 most of them when possible take a 
 horse or pony, for no one would choose 
 to walk here, if other means of getting 
 93 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEERERS 
 
 about should be within one's reach. 
 Lovers of flowers can, however, make a 
 very fair and characteristic collection by 
 merely gathering what grows by the 
 roadside, or by just taking a few steps 
 up the slopes and laying hands on any- 
 thing which strikes the fancy there. 
 But there is no strolling about among 
 shady trees and by the side of running 
 brooks ; and many people will find this 
 a great deprivation, which it undoubt- 
 edly is. Driving is a necessity as well 
 as a pleasure of every-day life ; and one 
 soon becomes accustomed to going for 
 miles and miles over roads which after a 
 dry season are full of "chuck-holes." 
 Nothing could be more enjoyable than 
 starting out on a typical Californian day, 
 with a nice little team and all the dogs 
 scampering along joyously, and plenty 
 of provisions and a fierce determination 
 not to return until you feel inclined. 
 The sense of freedom is delightful, and 
 94 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 moreover the most delicate invalid need 
 not be afraid of these expeditions, and 
 will find that the more she drives the 
 more she can drive, for there is some 
 curious life-giving power in the air 
 which prevents over-exhaustion and aids 
 quick recovery from ordinary fatigue. 
 
 On account of the many interests and 
 occupations inseparable from country- 
 life in Southern California, all of them 
 enticing one into the open air, one feels 
 more than justified in urging visitors to 
 give themselves the best chances of 
 recovering their health in the country 
 rather than in towns. 
 
 95 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 EXPENSES OF LIVING CLASS OF HEALTH- 
 SEEKERS THAT SHOULD COME TO 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CLOTHING 
 METHOD AND TIME OF ARRIVAL LIFE 
 TO LEAD AMUSEMENTS, OCCUPATIONS, 
 AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES. 
 
 CALIFORNIA of the South is not the 
 country for a poor invalid. 
 
 One must not come here seeking 
 health without sufficient means for him- 
 self and his family, or care-takers. I have 
 seen so much distress and suffering on 
 this account that I wish to speak plainly. 
 It is useless to strive after health with- 
 out placing one's self under the most 
 favourable conditions to attain that ob- 
 ject. Everything that an invalid re- 
 quires is expensive here, much more so 
 than in the far East. One can live 
 96 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 very cheaply, but only by denying him- 
 self the comforts and luxuries which 
 are essential to the well-being of an 
 invalid. California has never recovered 
 from the conditions incident to the dis- 
 covery of gold within her borders; 
 money is comparatively easily made and 
 is quickly spent. 
 
 There is little trade competition, and, 
 in consequence, prices are maintained at 
 an arbitrary standard. Coal, wood, gas, 
 water, ice, groceries, and all manufac- 
 tured articles, command a price that is 
 far in excess of New York, Boston, 
 Philadelphia, or Baltimore. On the 
 other hand, vegetables, meat, milk, but- 
 ter, and some fruits are very cheap. 
 Horse-hire is within the reach of modest 
 purses. The wages for domestic service 
 are absurdly high, and the service very 
 inefficient; if we exclude the Chinese 
 and Japanese, who are not acceptable to 
 the majority, there is practically no ser- 
 7 97 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 vant class. House-rent is altogether 
 too high. If one lives in Philadelphia, 
 let us say, in a certain style for a cer- 
 tain sum, and wishes to come to South- 
 ern California for residence, it is safe to 
 calculate that it will cost him about 
 forty per cent, more than in his Eastern 
 home if he wishes to maintain the same 
 mode of living. It is a curious fact 
 that notwithstanding these conditions 
 the rates in the first-class hotels are not 
 as high as in similar houses in the East 
 Almost all classes of invalids will find 
 a suitable climate somewhere in South- 
 ern California, but the individual himself 
 must hunt for it. A rather extended 
 experience in these matters, both per- 
 sonally and professionally, has con- 
 vinced me of the inability of the medi- 
 cal adviser to select absolutely and with 
 certainty the proper climate for each 
 patient. The personal factor is too 
 strong, and one's likes and dislikes must 
 98 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 be consulted. Let him take to heart 
 Braun's trite remark, "We must con- 
 sider not only the individual sickness 
 but the sick individual." 
 
 Speaking broadly, persons suffering 
 from any of the following conditions 
 will find certain locations in Southern 
 California to be useful aids in restoring 
 them to health, incipient or early 
 phthisis or tuberculosis in any form, 
 chronic pneumonia or a tardy conva- 
 lescence from either pneumonia or pleu- 
 risy, diseases of the liver following 
 malarial poison, cirrhosis of the liver, 
 simple congestion or hepatic catarrh, 
 jaundice, functional disturbances, and 
 organic ills in those of advanced years 
 and weak or poorly-nourished children, 
 children subject to one of the various 
 diatheses, as the strumous, rachitic, or 
 tubercular. The overworked and over- 
 worried class will find here a most 
 soothing climate to regain their lost 
 99 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 energy or restore the nervous system to 
 its normal equilibrium. 
 
 My advice to the health-seeker who 
 is independent both in time and money 
 is to come to California in April or May 
 after the rains are over. Let him remain 
 during the summer on the coast, the 
 climate of which is pleasanter, by the 
 way, than that of any of the Atlantic 
 coast resorts ; let him study the country, 
 become accustomed to the very different 
 conditions here, and be ready to obtain 
 the full benefit of the winter after hav- 
 ing recovered from the fatigues of the 
 journey. Those who cannot devote so 
 much time to the trip will do well to 
 start for California before the snows 
 occur in the East, thus avoiding the 
 danger of blockades which are disas- 
 trous to many weak persons who never 
 recover from the exposure. Pulmonary 
 invalids especially and sufferers from 
 circulatory disturbances, or those weak- 
 
IN SOUTHERN 
 
 ened by disease, should on this account 
 select the southern route.* It is monot- 
 onous and unpicturesque, but free from 
 high altitudes, and it crosses a country 
 whose climate is rarely objectionable in 
 winter. To those who are able to stand 
 an altitude of nearly eight thousand 
 feet, the Santa Fe route affords perhaps 
 the most comfortable and quickest 
 mode of reaching Southern California. 
 This necessitates, however, starting from 
 Chicago or Kansas City, two towns not 
 particularly well adapted climatically to 
 the needs of a delicate invalid. The 
 writer has been a somewhat extensive 
 traveller and feels it but just to testify 
 to the uniform excellence of the Hardy 
 restaurant and dining-car system of this 
 railroad. 
 
 The invalid who is not a sufferer from 
 
 * Southern Pacific Railroad from New Orleans to 
 Los Angeles. 
 
diseased heart or lungs is practically at 
 liberty to select any route he fancies, 
 and as this little treatise is not a guide- 
 book, he is referred to the various agen- 
 cies of the different cross-continent sys- 
 tems. The most picturesque routes are 
 the Canadian Pacific and the Denver 
 and Rio Grande. Many and varied 
 combinations of routes may be selected, 
 and much that is remarkable and inter- 
 esting visited en route, if one has the 
 strength, for example, the Yellowstone 
 Park, the Yosemite Valley, and the 
 Grand Canon of the Colorado. 
 
 The advisability of an uninterrupted 
 journey from the far East to California, 
 or of the trip made in easy stages as the 
 fatigues and monotony seem to demand, 
 is to a certain extent a personal matter, 
 and no one can decide it but the indi- 
 vidual himself. Some, indeed the ma- 
 jority of invalids, do much better by 
 pushing on to their journey's end, while 
 102 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 others seem to require one or more 
 nights' freedom from the discomforts 
 and lack of ventilation of the sleeping 
 cars to preserve them from actual harm 
 instead of benefit. All invalids, no mat- 
 ter how they may take the trip, arrive in 
 California fatigued and exhausted. This 
 requires several days, and in some in- 
 stances several weeks, to overcome. For 
 this reason one must be prepared to suf- 
 fer a little loss of ground when first 
 coming to his health station. This loss 
 is usually only transitory, and is gen- 
 erally followed by a rapid gain. If the 
 location be a suitable one this gain will 
 be continuous and in many instances 
 permanent. 
 
 It is perfectly foolhardy to leave 
 one's home for only a few months in the 
 winter season and expect to find a 
 magic cure in the climate either in this 
 or any other resort. No happy results 
 will be obtained unless the residence is 
 103 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 continuous for at least a year. Under- 
 stand me, I am referring, of course, to 
 cases where so-called organic disease 
 exists. 
 
 The sea trip by way of the Isthmus 
 of Panama is advised only in a small 
 number of cases, and the home physi- 
 cian must determine the proper subject 
 for this tedious journey. It is very 
 long, and in the tropical regions ex- 
 tremely hot, and the steamers are not 
 under very good discipline. It is cer- 
 tainly not a trip that a woman should 
 take alone. 
 
 I am often asked what kind of clothes 
 one should bring to California. I in- 
 variably answer, just such clothes as are 
 worn at home, and all the various thick- 
 nesses and weights that the invalid is 
 accustomed to there. 
 
 We have already remarked upon the 
 great contrast in all semi-tropic places 
 between sunshine and shade, and mid- 
 104 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 day and midnight. It is this contrast 
 that will oblige the new-comer to use 
 great caution in making any change in 
 the weight of clothing until he has 
 become thoroughly accustomed to all 
 the conditions he will find in our land 
 of many climates. 
 
 New-comers from the furnace-heated 
 houses of colder climates constantly 
 complain of the chilliness of our winter 
 air, a sensation no longer experienced 
 by the older residents. While these 
 strangers are thus complaining bitterly 
 of the cold, the tenderest flowers are 
 blooming luxuriously. This is of course 
 no more peculiar to Southern California 
 than it is to all semi-tropic countries. 
 
 As soon as possible, the health-seeker 
 must settle down in a proper and suit- 
 able locality, and remain there until 
 improvement begins or is fully estab- 
 lished. It is a great mistake for him to 
 move rapidly from place to place seek- 
 105 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 ing an imaginary climate and blaming 
 all climates because he is ill or does not 
 recover as quickly as anticipated. It 
 is much more reasonable to lay some 
 of the blame to the disease itself which 
 has brought him to California. He 
 must investigate patiently and impar- 
 tially the selection of a climate which 
 at first may not be the proper one, or, 
 perhaps, the time too short since his 
 arrival to draw any conclusions. At all 
 events, he must not decide at once that 
 he has chosen the wrong environment 
 because his disease, whose life-history 
 has probably been of many years* 
 duration, does not immediately improve. 
 Disease is self-limited, and the only 
 effect that we look for from a good 
 climate is the increase of tissue-resist- 
 ance, and the development of that 
 peculiar something in the tissues which 
 is inimical to disease. In other words, 
 it places one in such a condition that 
 106 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 nature asserts her functions in a healthy 
 way, and the diseased processes are 
 gradually replaced by healthy action. 
 
 After having selected the climate, and 
 made sure that his selection is a happy 
 one, the new-comer should secure a 
 properly constructed house and sur- 
 round himself with all the conveniences 
 and luxuries his means will allow. The 
 most sensible house for this country is 
 one modelled after the style of an East 
 Indian bungalow, a one-story structure 
 with overhanging eaves and wide all- 
 day sun-porches. It must face south 
 and east. Here, too, the porches must 
 be placed, protected on their western 
 extremity from the prevailing winds. 
 Upon this porch the invalid is literally 
 to live as many hours as his strength 
 or the weather will permit. I have a 
 medical friend at one of the inland 
 stations who lives day and night on 
 such a porch, the sleeping portion of 
 107 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 which is enclosed in fine netting. One 
 need have no hesitation about sleeping 
 or living on the ground floor; there is 
 practically no soil dampness in the 
 place where he should build his house. 
 
 The invalid must realise a few car- 
 dinal points. First, in-doors is little 
 different in Southern California from 
 other parts of the world, and if he 
 houses himself he would far better have 
 remained at home. If a hotel is his 
 choice of residence, he must not lounge 
 about the ill-ventilated, over-heated of- 
 fices, full of tobacco smoke and germ- 
 laden air. The man who comes to this 
 country and continues his club-life, the 
 daily round of cocktails, cigars, and 
 cards, without out-door exercise, had 
 better return at once; his stay here 
 would be useless. I have in mind such 
 a man, who, last winter, could find 
 nothing in Southern California that was 
 praiseworthy, but everything as it should 
 1 08 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 not be according to his standard. He 
 was viewing Southern California through 
 the smoke-impregnated air of a hotel- 
 lobby. 
 
 Again, one must not expect to find 
 the comforts in housekeeping or hotel- 
 life that could be obtained in an older 
 civilization. This is a pioneer country, 
 and we are the pioneers. The man who 
 is not willing to relinquish some of his 
 luxuries must not seek health in Cali- 
 fornia of the South. 
 
 The key-note to a healthy existence 
 here is out-of-door life. One must prac- 
 tically live in the open air. This can be 
 easily brought about, as most of the 
 locations that are considered health- 
 resorts have from two hundred and 
 sixty-five to three hundred and sixteen 
 days on which an invalid can be out 
 of doors from morning till sundown. 
 Even during the long storms of winter 
 the clouds often break, the rain ceases, 
 109 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 and one may spend a few hours of the 
 day in the open air. 
 
 Tent-life in Southern California is 
 peculiarly agreeable, if one does not 
 mind the dust, because no provision 
 need be made for rain-storms during 
 eight months of the year. From April 
 to November one may camp with the 
 certainty of finding good weather every 
 day. Camps may be located at any 
 point from sea-level to extreme altitude, 
 and the various climatic conditions se- 
 lected as detailed in other chapters. 
 House-wagons are serviceable, and pro- 
 vide a very enjoyable way of seeing the 
 country and regaining health. If one 
 loves nature, there is much to entertain 
 and absorb in this country ; indeed there 
 is little else. Man has not accomplished 
 much here ; the country is too vast, and 
 too thinly settled. 
 
 The larger cities and more pretentious 
 towns have good theatres and music- 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 halls, but first-class attractions are rather 
 scarce. There is but little club-life, 
 as we understand it in the older cities. 
 A few localities have endeavoured to 
 establish country clubs, but as yet they 
 are not very successful. Riding-horses 
 are low-priced, and livery is compara- 
 tively very cheap. On the coast, ex- 
 cellent fishing, sailing, and yachting may 
 be enjoyed the year round. San Diego 
 has the only good harbour on the 
 southern coast, but the roadsteads at 
 Santa Barbara and Catalina are practi- 
 cally good enough for pleasure sailing. 
 The shooting is excellent ; quail, duck, 
 snipe, curlew, mountain quail, and plover 
 are among the small game which are 
 plentiful. In the mountains deer may 
 be found, and occasionally bear is 
 seen. 
 
 The occupations and business oppor- 
 tunities in Southern California are 
 neither plentiful nor varied. The coun- 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 try is distinctly agricultural, but even 
 agriculture is not well developed. It is 
 in an experimental state. The manu- 
 facturing industries are hardly repre- 
 sented at all, on account of the scarcity 
 of water and the absence of coal and 
 iron. In the cities and small towns one 
 is confined to the trades and occupations 
 which supply the inhabitants with the 
 usual necessities and comforts of life. 
 One who is obliged to gain his livelihood 
 in Southern California must depend 
 upon one of these occupations or turn 
 his attention to agriculture. 
 
 The professions are greatly over- 
 crowded, more so, I think, than is true 
 of other parts of the world, due to the 
 fact that professional men who break 
 down from overwork are continually 
 coming to this country as health-seek- 
 ers, and after regaining their health 
 never go home. 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS AND DISEASES OF THE 
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 
 
 BEFORE beginning the study of cli- 
 mate for the consumptive, it is perhaps 
 as well to obtain a clear idea of just 
 what is meant by the term consumption. 
 This has popularly come to mean pul- 
 monary phthisis, but this term no longer 
 represents a specific pathological condi- 
 tion. It is rather loosely applied to a 
 number of more or less chronic inflam- 
 matory processes in the lung.* 
 
 * " Of the sixty-three million people living to-day 
 in the United States, nine millions or more will, un- 
 less something be done to prevent it, die of tubercu- 
 losis. In the census year of 1890, one hundred and 
 two thousand one hundred and ninety-nine deaths 
 are reported as due to pulmonary tuberculosis or 
 consumption. To the reported deaths not less than 
 8 H3 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 Most observers of to-day are agreed 
 that the following classification is as 
 nearly accurate as our present knowl- 
 edge allows : 
 
 I. Pneumonic phthisis, a destruction 
 of the pulmonary tissue through casea- 
 
 thirty per cent, should be added in order to arrive at 
 the actual number. When this computation is made 
 it will be found that the annual number of deaths 
 in this country from pulmonary tuberculosis amounts 
 to nearly one hundred and thirty-three thousand; 
 add to this the deaths from tuberculosis of other 
 portions of the body, and without exaggeration we 
 may state that the tubercle bacillus is responsible 
 directly or indirectly for not less than one hundred 
 and fifty thousand deaths in this country each year." 
 Victor C. Vaughn, M.D., of Ann Arbor, Michigan, 
 in the Medical News. 
 
 Otis states that if we take the minimum estimate 
 put upon the economic value of a human life, three 
 million nine hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars 
 are lost to the State of New Hampshire alone by 
 the ravages of this disease. It is a simple problem 
 to apply this to the entire United States, when the 
 total becomes appalling. 
 
 114 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 tion or cheesy degeneration of the in- 
 flammatory products in the lung, and 
 the subsequent softening or the breaking 
 down of the caseous deposits. 
 
 2. Tubercular phthisis, a progressive 
 inflammatory change in the lung-tissue, 
 accompanied by the presence of the 
 bacillus tuberculosis, a tubercular de- 
 posit in the lung parenchyma with a 
 subsequent or concomitant degeneration 
 of the tubercle and adjacent pulmonary 
 tissue. 
 
 3. Acute phthisis, sometimes called 
 acute miliary tuberculosis, in which 
 there is a rapid bacillary invasion and a 
 deposit of the gray tubercle granule 
 throughout the entire body, but espe- 
 cially in the lungs. 
 
 4. Fibroid phthisis, an inflammatory 
 hyperplasia of the lung parenchyma, 
 subsequent cirrhosis, atrophy and de- 
 generation of the vesicular structure. 
 
 It seems hardly necessary at this late 
 "5 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 day to call attention to the contagious- 
 ness of tuberculosis, and were it not for 
 the fact that I constantly meet people 
 who come to California for health and 
 do not or will not believe that such is 
 the case, I should pass the matter in 
 silence, but for this reason I quote the 
 following: "I should for obvious rea- 
 sons dissuade the occupation of the 
 same bed or even of the same sleeping 
 apartment by two persons one of whom 
 is known to labour under pulmonary 
 consumption/* (Sir Thomas Watson.) 
 
 Fuller has this to say on the subject : 
 " It behooves the physician to warn the 
 patient's friends of the dangers incident 
 to long-continued attendance on him, es- 
 pecially if the disease be in an advanced 
 stage. It would be the height of im- 
 prudence for a healthy person, espe- 
 cially if young and of a scrofulous diath- 
 esis, to sleep in the same bed or even 
 in the same apartment with a consump- 
 116 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 tive patient; for although the malady 
 might not be communicated directly 
 from one to the other, unless possibly 
 under the conditions of some tubercular 
 matter being accidentally introduced 
 into his air-passages or into some other 
 part of his system, the surroundings and 
 the air would be calculated to predispose 
 him to the disease!' 
 
 It will thus be seen that a very im- 
 portant duty of the physician is to sug- 
 gest an intelligent prophylaxis which 
 will maintain the normal mechanism in 
 a state to repel a bacillary invasion and 
 to make possible a spontaneous re- 
 covery. The great desideratum in the 
 climatic treatment of consumption is to 
 have the invalid leave home soon 
 enough and reach the selected locality 
 before the disease has made any ad- 
 vances. It is now usually possible, by 
 the microscopic examination of the 
 sputum, to determine very early in the 
 117 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 case whether or not we are dealing with 
 consumption in its gravest form the 
 bacillary or simply some of the other 
 pulmonary diseases whose import is far 
 less serious. Just here, however, we 
 may encounter a serious difficulty; the 
 disease may develop without giving rise, 
 for a time at least, to appreciable mani- 
 festations. Indeed, the disease may have 
 progressed to a very considerable extent 
 without having become outwardly ap- 
 parent. All of us engaged in the study 
 of this subject have long observed that 
 tuberculous changes are sometimes 
 found after death, where, during life, the 
 individual was seemingly entirely free 
 from such lesions. The German ob- 
 servers are so impressed with this fact 
 that they have stated that every one 
 ultimately becomes infected with tuber- 
 culosis. 
 
 In order to give rise to constitutional 
 manifestations it is necessary that the 
 118 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 multiplication of the bacilli and the 
 generation of toxines reach such a de- 
 gree that the accumulation finds en- 
 trance into the circulation. Maragliano 
 (Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, Nos. 
 19 and 20, 1896) says that when tuber- 
 culosis is present without subjective or 
 objective symptoms, the latency may 
 pursue one of three courses : (a) it may 
 persist indefinitely ; (b) it may be limited 
 in duration; (c) it may be intermittent 
 in occurrence. When the first condition 
 exists, persistent latency, infection is be- 
 yond the range of certain detection, the 
 normal processes of nature (auto-therapy 
 or auto-serumtherapy) controlling the 
 advance of the disease. If the latency 
 is limited in duration the infection sud- 
 denly makes its appearance. These are 
 the cases where hemorrhage from the 
 lungs suddenly occurs without apparent 
 previous symptoms, and causes much 
 amazement to the patient and his 
 119 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 friends. Another group of cases also 
 occur under these conditions, those in 
 which tuberculosis suddenly shows 
 itself in connection with some acute 
 infectious disease, such as typhoid fever. 
 
 When one passes the border-line from 
 latent to manifest tuberculosis one of 
 two things has occurred, either in- 
 creased infection or a diminished resist- 
 ance, possibly both. 
 
 There is another form of latent tuber- 
 culosis which has recently been classified 
 as larval tuberculosis, and subdivided 
 into two types, dystrophic and typhoid. 
 In the first the patient gives pronounced 
 evidences of disturbed nutrition ; he has 
 the symptoms which are popularly 
 known as dyspepsia, namely, progres- 
 sive failure in strength, an enfeebled 
 heart and pulse, lost or impaired appe- 
 tite, debility, mental depression, and 
 anaemia. Fever is rarely present, and 
 physical signs, if they appear at all, 
 
 120 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 occur very late in the disease. The 
 second type, the typhoid form of larval 
 tuberculosis, is characterized by the 
 early occurrence of fever, which is at 
 first intermittent and then remittent. 
 Derangements of innervation appear very 
 early, although the general strength may 
 be maintained. Attacks closely resem- 
 bling typhoid fever occur from time to 
 time. The greatest care is required to 
 make the diagnosis of larval tuberculo- 
 sis, and, as it is not our object to con- 
 sider the methods of clinical medicine, 
 we shall refrain from discussing abstruse 
 problems. Suffice it to say that the 
 diagnosis can be made by intelligent and 
 painstaking observation. 
 
 When the existence of consumption 
 is recognized early, and the patient is 
 immediately sent to a proper climate, I 
 see often some most remarkable res- 
 torations to health. I have two such 
 instances in mind, of young medical men 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 in whom the infection was detected at 
 once; one received his in a large city 
 hospital and the other in a bacteriologi- 
 cal laboratory. They came to Califor- 
 nia, were placed in a suitable climate, 
 lived a proper life, and within a year the 
 bacilli had entirely disappeared, and the 
 men presented every rational and phys- 
 ical sign of complete restoration to 
 health. 
 
 Another great class of people who 
 will derive marked benefit here are 
 those in whom it is impossible to de- 
 monstrate the existence of actual dis- 
 ease in the lung (latent and larval tu- 
 berculosis), but who are weak, ill nour- 
 ished, take cold easily, are subject to 
 attacks of winter cough and bronchitis, 
 and whose family history points strongly 
 to the ultimate consumptive break- 
 down. These individuals present an 
 inherited, or, if strumous or rachitic, an 
 acquired, predisposition to the disease. 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 These and the very early or incipient 
 consumptive will be considered in the 
 same class climatically. They should 
 come prepared to remain at least two 
 years, five would be better, and they 
 must be able to procure everything that 
 aids in the promotion and maintenance 
 of the general health. As I have said 
 before, it is madness to come to Califor- 
 nia in search of health without ample 
 means to supply all comforts and lux- 
 uries. 
 
 Whatever impairs the vitality or im- 
 properly affects the normal functions 
 of a consumptive must be constantly 
 guarded against. All acute pulmonary 
 disorders should be promptly relieved; 
 affections of the throat and nose, how- 
 ever slight, should be made the object 
 of careful treatment. Most important, 
 indeed vital, is healthy digestion, both 
 stomachic and intestinal. Here is the 
 key-note of success. The pulmonary 
 123 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 invalid who eats well, digests, and assim- 
 ilates is on the high-road to success. 
 
 Any change from city to country is 
 of advantage to the phthisical invalid. 
 There is usually a gain in weight and an 
 amelioration of all symptoms. But the 
 place of residence must be thoughtfully 
 selected, its sanitary conditions and gen- 
 eral appointments must be above re- 
 proach, the local and meteorological 
 conditions the best that can be found. 
 However, if this gain does not at once 
 occur, one must not conclude that he is 
 immediately to change the location and 
 seek a new climate. Nor is one to sit 
 down in a porch-rocker on reaching the 
 selected locality and wait for a miracu- 
 lous climatic cure. Here, as in all other 
 relations of life, little is to be gained 
 without labour. The climate unaided will 
 produce little if any benefit at all. The 
 quantity and selection of food must be 
 carefully looked to. Physical exercise 
 124 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 cannot be neglected, and should be ad- 
 justed to the needs of each individual. 
 The only two aids which, in my hands, 
 have produced happy results in restoring 
 health are good food and out-of-door 
 life. I do not mean by this a few hours 
 in an easy-chair on the porch, but an 
 out-of-door existence, in many cases for 
 the entire twenty-four hours. Those 
 who come early enough, remain long 
 enough, and lead this life, are almost 
 certain to find what they seek. I have 
 records of too many cases of complete 
 and partial recovery under these circum- 
 stances, not to speak very positively 
 on the matter and to feel absolutely 
 sure of my statements. Many of these 
 health-seekers have become my intimate 
 personal friends, whom I see day by 
 day, and whose maladies are cured, 
 arrested, or quiescent. 
 
 It is a fact that for eighty years, 
 as Theodore Williams says, whatever 
 125 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 success has been attained in the treat- 
 ment of phthisis has been achieved 
 by strengthening and fortifying treat- 
 ment, whether by diet, climate, or medi- 
 cines, and not by so-called specific treat- 
 ment. 
 
 We must lend aid and support to the 
 organism's inherent power to resist 
 disease. Metchnikoff has acquainted us 
 with some of the powerful weapons with 
 which nature fights the battle of resist- 
 ance to such bacillary marauders. 
 Our object is to increase the number 
 and activity of the phagocytes (lymph 
 or white blood-corpuscles, regarded as 
 organisms capable of devouring what 
 they meet, especially pathogenic mi- 
 crobes). 
 
 Williams considers pure air the most 
 important factor in the treatment; suc- 
 cess is largely dependent upon its 
 thorough application to the system of 
 the patient. He recommends an out- 
 126 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 of-door life, and adds that phthisical 
 patients should accustom themselves to 
 open windows throughout the year. 
 The question of occupation or amuse- 
 ment for pulmonary invalids is always an 
 important one. Early in their stay they 
 are better without anything to do, other 
 than taking extremely good care of 
 their health, but as they improve, the 
 life becomes very monotonous, and 
 home-sickness asserts itself most vigor- 
 ously. The commercial occupations, as 
 I have already said, are few, but, as a 
 rule, the man who resides in Southern 
 California for the purpose of combating 
 the invasion of tuberculosis is much bet- 
 ter off without commercial duties; he 
 would do better to seek occupation in 
 agriculture, or, at least, in such a one 
 as will enable him to perform his duties 
 in the open air. 
 
 If his means be ample, ranching in 
 a small way will afford both occupation 
 127 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 and amusement, and aid very materially 
 in accomplishing his purpose. If this 
 be not to his taste, he can still occupy 
 himself with out-door pursuits, with his 
 horses, his guns, and his dogs. Yacht- 
 ing, sailing, and fishing, too, will keep 
 him in the open air. The bicycle is to be 
 used only upon the advice of his physi- 
 cian. Under no conditions is he to lead 
 a so-called society life. If he is not 
 willing to relinquish these pleasures, he 
 had better not come here as a health- 
 seeker. 
 
 In most cases a permanent residence 
 is necessary to the maintenance of a 
 cure. A majority of cases that receive 
 any benefit retain it only by remaining in 
 California. When the disease has been 
 arrested in this or any good climate, 
 and the individual has returned to his 
 old life, where he again breaks down, he 
 does not the second time make as good 
 a recovery, or possibly he does not re- 
 128 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 cover at all on revisiting California or 
 his selected health-station. 
 
 These remarks, of course, do not apply 
 to those who come in an advanced stage 
 of the disease ; with these little will be 
 accomplished, except the prolongation of 
 life. I have often been dumfounded at the 
 length to which life is prolonged under 
 these circumstances. We frequently see 
 up and about individuals whose disease 
 is in such an advanced state that they 
 would most certainly be confined perma- 
 nently to bed in their Eastern homes. 
 It is this peculiar effect of a residence in 
 this climate that seems most striking to 
 the physician himself when first he 
 comes an invalid to this country. 
 
 129 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THOSE BENEFITED BY THE CLIMATE. 
 
 THOSE who desire a change from the 
 cold, damp winters of their homes, 
 though they may not be ailing, or, in- 
 deed, may enjoy good health, will find 
 that Southern California offers them 
 many pleasant and suitable locations. 
 A large class of such people come 
 yearly to this country ; it is even quite 
 noticeable how they repeat this year after 
 year. 
 
 Convalescents from any acute disease 
 will hasten their complete recovery by 
 coming here, and will be restored to 
 perfect health much sooner than is usual 
 at home. 
 
 All catarrhal affections do well in 
 Southern California ; it makes little dif- 
 ference whether it be catarrh of the re- 
 130 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 spiratory system, of the gastro-intestinal 
 tract, of the bladder, or, in fact, of any 
 mucous surface, except the so-called 
 catarrhal form of consumption. These 
 invalids, however, must be particularly 
 careful to avoid the unfavourable condi- 
 tions which exist in our climate. They 
 must constantly bear in mind that they 
 are possessed of peculiarly unstable 
 membranes and that very slight causes 
 will give rise to congestion or inflamma- 
 tion. The sufferer from catarrh of the 
 stomach or intestines can no more 
 abuse with impunity the ordinary laws 
 of dietetics in California than he can 
 anywhere else. 
 
 Scrofulous affections, enlarged glands, 
 the soft, flabby muscles of the strumous 
 individual, and the lymphatic or adenoid 
 child, receive a remarkable benefit from 
 long residence on the coast combined 
 with sea-bathing. 
 
 Tuberculous disease of the bones is 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 rare in the native population, and is 
 favourably affected in foreigners by the 
 warm, equable climate and out-door 
 life. These individuals can live in the 
 open air, even if confined to bed, or to 
 the use of the various surgical appli- 
 ances for rest of the parts or correction 
 or modification of deformities. The 
 little sufferers from Pott's disease or 
 coxalgia may be carried out of doors 
 on their cots in the early morning and 
 not be brought into the house until after- 
 noon, an inestimable blessing. 
 
 The sufferers from gout and rheuma- 
 tism receive great comfort and benefit. 
 The open-air life which they are able 
 to lead is a condition very favourable to 
 recovery. An active skin and pure air 
 are wonderful helps in eliminating the 
 disease. 
 
 Those who have abnormal forms of 
 gout and rheumatism, suppressed gout, 
 gouty bronchitis, and the dyspepsia and 
 132 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 anaemia attendant upon these con- 
 ditions, will also find relief from their 
 pains and an amelioration of their dis- 
 ease. Invalids in this class must also 
 be extremely careful to avoid indiscre- 
 tions in diet, errors in clothing, damp, 
 fatigue, or chill. Gout or rheumatism 
 rarely develop in this country. I often 
 hear complaints that such is not the 
 case, but that a severe attack of rheu- 
 matism has just appeared, much to the 
 patient's surprise and annoyance. Care- 
 ful inquiry, however, usually elicits the 
 fact that he has had other slight attacks 
 or, at all events, premonitory symptoms 
 before coming to California. Or it may 
 come to light that he has a decidedly 
 gouty or rheumatic ancestry. 
 
 It cannot be considered that rheumatic 
 maladies which arise in Southern Cali- 
 fornia among the native population, or 
 those long resident here, are the result 
 of any climatic conditions. The specific 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 originating cause of rheumatism is still 
 under discussion. It is but fair to sup- 
 pose that our climate presents nothing in 
 itself which will retard the operation of 
 this cause within the individual, just as 
 the bacillus tuberculosis is not extermi- 
 nated by climate. 
 
 Those who, in addition to the ordinary 
 manifestations of rheumatism, show a 
 peculiar susceptibility to changes in the 
 weather, and, like the West Point pro- 
 fessor, are slaves to the clouds, also 
 those who are neuralgic with or without 
 rheumatic taint, will find almost entire 
 immunity from their tortures somewhere 
 in Southern California. The exact loca- 
 tion they must decide for themselves by 
 personal experience. 
 
 Persons having diseases of the kid- 
 neys, particularly the granular kidney, 
 will find our climatic conditions very 
 favourable to their comfort and well-being. 
 In this connection I will quote from my 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 paper contributed to the Climatologist 
 some years ago. " It appears, then, that 
 a residence in a suitable locality, while 
 it will not of course arrest well-marked 
 kidney lesions, will at least prolong life 
 to a degree far beyond the natural ex- 
 pectancy. The constant skin activity, 
 much of which is manifested as insen- 
 sible perspiration, lowers arterial ten- 
 sion, and depletes in a most beneficial 
 manner, relieving the overtaxed renal 
 circulation and the diseased parenchyma. 
 Furthermore, the patient will be pro- 
 tected from the dangers of intercurrent 
 or concomitant maladies, which are so 
 apt to prove fatal to one with renal in- 
 adequacy." 
 
 The future will show that in Southern 
 California, from sea-level to two thou- 
 sand feet, the invalid has at his com- 
 mand the climatic conditions which will 
 prolong his life if suffering from chronic 
 renal disorders; and if the change be 
 '35 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 made soon enough, when the connective 
 tissue is yet embryonic, it is but reason- 
 ble to suppose that, with decreased ten- 
 sion and active skin, freedom from inter- 
 current renal congestions, and a constant 
 out-door life, the disease may be arrested 
 or removed. J. C. Wilson and Loomis 
 (Transactions of the American Climato- 
 logical Association, 1889) consider that 
 there is reason to believe that low tem- 
 perature, rapid change of temperature, 
 and high altitudes are unfavourable, 
 whereas equability and warmth are 
 favourable influences. 
 
 Anaemia, except the pernicious form, 
 rapidly improves with us ; these invalids 
 speedily grow better and stronger and 
 are more able to lead the necessary out- 
 door life. 
 
 People who are afflicted with atonic 
 
 dyspepsia, the various urinary diatheses, 
 
 oxaluric, phosphuric, and other troubles 
 
 of this kind, chronic rheumatic arthritis 
 
 136 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 or rheumatoid arthritis, will find help 
 from prolonged residence here. 
 
 Pneumonia in Southern California is 
 a very rare disease in my experience; 
 it is apt to run a short course and pre- 
 sent a speedy convalescence. In Los 
 Angeles County pneumonia appears as 
 a cause in only 2.41 per cent, out of a 
 total of six hundred and sixty-four 
 deaths. The report of the health de- 
 partment of the city of San Diego 
 shows but twelve deaths from pneu- 
 monia during six months of the year. 
 Baker has shown by diagrams and 
 tables in a convincing manner that the 
 rise and fall of sickness from pneumonia, 
 bronchitis, influenza, tonsillitis, croup, 
 diphtheria, and scarlet fever are more or 
 less controlled by fluctuations of atmos- 
 pheric temperature, the diseases being 
 increased by lower and diminished by 
 higher temperature. 
 
 Erysipelas is a very rare disease here. 
 i37 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 Bullard's statistics show but one death 
 in eleven years, and demonstrate the 
 fact that in all Southern California ery- 
 sipelas is only about half as frequent as 
 in the rest of the United States. 
 
 Advancing years and old age may be 
 robbed of many concomitant infirmities 
 by residence in a suitable locality. The 
 aged are rarely safe in a high altitude ; 
 nor can they with impunity change their 
 station from low to high altitudes, more 
 particularly if they suffer from chronic 
 pulmonary disease, bronchitis, bronchi- 
 ectasis, fibroid phthisis, or the like. A 
 dilated, fatty heart absolutely forbids 
 removal from sea-level. On the whole, 
 a marine climate is preferable for old 
 people, and if it be warm and equable, 
 so much the better, as gout and rheu- 
 matism may be warded off, or, if these 
 be already present, the severity of their 
 manifestations may be lessened. 
 
 Cystitis, so often an attendant on ad- 
 138 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 vanced years, and so apt to be aggra- 
 vated by damp, changeable weather, will 
 be markedly benefited by our warm, 
 equable climate. 
 
 Insomnia, the plague of the old, and 
 sometimes the torture of the young, will 
 find most speedy relief on the coast 
 Indeed, the writer has observed most 
 gratifying results in this respect after a 
 sojourn of even a few months. 
 
 This country is a veritable paradise 
 for the growing child. There is no 
 period during the entire year when it is 
 necessary to house the little ones. 
 There are no badly ventilated, over- 
 crowded, or overheated rooms. The 
 zymotic diseases are usually not at all 
 prevalent. They are mild, run a very 
 favourable course, and are generally 
 followed by complete recovery. The 
 scrofulous child lives under the most 
 favourable conditions to combat the 
 inherited taint. 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THOSE NOT BENEFITED BY THE CLIMATE. 
 
 CERTAIN diseases of the nervous sys- 
 tem are not particularly benefited by a 
 residence in Southern California. The 
 chronic paralytic will be able to lead his 
 remnant of life in the open air instead 
 of in furnace-heated rooms, but he must 
 not expect any curative effects from the 
 climate. The dry electrical conditions 
 of the interior seem to aggravate the 
 pains of early spinal sclerosis or loco- 
 motor ataxia. They do fairly well on 
 the coast, but with these, again, climate 
 is of little avail. 
 
 Cases of neurasthenia that have 
 reached the stage which it is now fash- 
 ionable to call terminal neurasthenia are 
 better away from Southern California; 
 140 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 the head pains maybe aggravated by the 
 dryness and constant sunshine. Such 
 patients do better in a more humid and 
 colder locality. They always complain 
 bitterly of the " desert winds." 
 
 I have never been able to see that 
 epileptics are aided in any way. 
 
 Hemorrhagic cases of tuberculosis 
 should, if they come to Southern Cali- 
 fornia, select a moderate elevation some- 
 what removed from the coast. 
 
 The so-called catarrhal forms of pul- 
 monary disease, the catarrhal phthisis 
 of the older writers, the phthisis florida 
 of the more recent observers, are apt to 
 do badly in any climate ; the best loca- 
 tion for a large number of these patients 
 in Southern California is at an altitude 
 between fifteen hundred and eighteen 
 hundred feet. 
 
 Some patients with laryngeal phthisis 
 find the humidity and winds of the 
 coast very trying; they also complain 
 141 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 of the dry heat of the interior, so that 
 for them at least Southern California 
 offers no suitable home. 
 
 Other consumptive patients find 
 Southern California entirely unsuited 
 to their particular malady. They lose 
 flesh, have fever and night-sweats and 
 haemoptysis. The temperature changes, 
 the difference between sunshine and 
 shade and mid-day and midnight, and 
 the fogs, all affect them unfavourably. 
 They are unsuited to a semi-tropic sta- 
 tion. 
 
 I find that certain skin diseases, nota- 
 bly eczema, are affected unfavourably by 
 a residence too close to the sea. I have 
 never observed that " fibroids," cases of 
 cirrhosis of the liver, or gastric ulcera- 
 tion show any particular tendency to 
 hemorrhages in this country. They are 
 no more apt to bleed here than else- 
 where. 
 
 Some cases of rheumatism find the 
 142 
 
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 coast and the interior unsuited to their 
 form of the malady, and are obliged to 
 seek other health-resorts. Asthmatics, 
 whose disease is most peculiar in its cli- 
 matic relations, must try this climate 
 personally for a sufficient time before it 
 is possible to decide upon the desirability 
 of remaining here or selecting another 
 and totally different climate. Persons 
 suffering from this disease often find 
 entire immunity by a change of only a 
 few miles, or, indeed, in some instances, 
 by a change from house to house in the 
 same town ; others will travel the world 
 over and fail to find relief. 
 
 It is almost impossible to lay down a 
 hard and fast rule and say with absolute 
 certainty who will or will not receive 
 benefit by coming to California. We 
 must consider the individual case. We 
 frequently meet with patients who seem 
 unsuited, but nevertheless gain much 
 after residence here. These exceptions 
 
TWO HEALTH-SEEKERS 
 
 do not, of course, affect the general 
 deductions, but simply serve to show 
 that in many instances a personal visit 
 of the invalid will alone decide the 
 matter. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 144 
 
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