■Millie™ m w&BSB3&m\mm^ ■ - 32 BOOK OF THE CHAPTER. The same author, in describing the situation of the town, says : " It chiefly.faces the north, and the buildings appear, from the steepness of the site, as if standing upon one an- other." And again : " From the steepness of the site, ma- ny of the streets are connected by flights of steps, and the one that runs along the sea-wall is the most clean and reg- ular of the whole." The Baron Geramb, a Trappist Monk, who visited the Holy Land in 1842, gives the following incident in connec- tion with this subject : " Yesterday morning, at day-break, boats pulled oiF and surrounded the vessel to take us to the town (of Joppa), the access to which is difficult, on account of the numerous rocks that present to view their bare flanks. The walls were covered with spectators, attracted by curiosity. The boats being much lower than the bridge, upon which one is obliged to climb, and, having no ladder, the landing is not effected without danger. More than once it has hap- pened that passengers, in springing out, have broken their limbs, and we might have met with the like accident, if several "persons had not hastened to our assistance." There can, therefore, be no doubt of the steepness of the shore at Joppa, and of the difficulty and danger to which the workmen, who navigated the floats from Tyre must have been exposed in landing ; and the authorities that we have quoted, wonderfully confirm the probability of the tradition on the subject contained in the Mark Master's degree. Ezekiel, xliv. 1, 5. Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the outward sanctuary, which looketh toward the east ; and it was shut. And the Lord said unto me, Son of man, mark well, and behold with thine eyes and hear with thine ears, all that I say unto MARX MASTER. 33 thee, concerning all the ordinances of the house of the Lord, and all the laws thereof ; and mark well the entering in of the house, with every going forth of the sanctuary. THE WORKING TOOLS. The Chisel and Mallet are the working tools of a Mark Master, and are tlms symbolically explained : THE CHISEL Morally demonstrates the advantages of discipline and education. The mind, like the diamond in its original state, is rude and unpolished ; but as the effect of the chisel on the external coat soon pre- sents to view the latent beauties of the diamond, so education discovers the latent virtues of the mind, and draws them forth to range the large field of matter and space, to display the summit of human knowledge, our duty to God and to man THE MALLET Morally teaches us to correct irregularities, and to reduce man to a proper level ; so that, by quiet deportment he may, in the school of discipline, learn to be content. What the mallet is to the 2* BOOK OF THE CHAPTER: OR MONITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS, IN THE DEGREES OF MAM, PAST AND MOST EXCELLENT MASTER, & $>^ |£cr?-ieSt; BY ALBEET G. MACKEY, M. D., GRAND HIGH PRIEST OF THE GRAND ROYAL AROH CHAPTER OF SOUTH CAROLINA ; AUTHOR 0» A "LEXICON OF FREEMASONRY," "PRINCIPLES OF MASONIC LAW," ETC. "These mysteries are so profound and so exalted, that they can be compre- hended by those only who are enlightened." — Cyril op Alexandria. FOURTH EDITION. NEW YORK: MACOY k SICKELS, PUBLISHERS, 430 BROOME STREET. 1863. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, by ALBERT G. MACKEY, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the District of South Carolina. Bancroft Ubnurjr II i 21 . Ul 1 Q TO HON. CHARLES SCOTT, PAST GRAND MASTER AND PAST GRAND HIGH PRIEST OF MISSISSIPPI, THIS AVORK Is MtTxitztzti AS A SLIGHT TOKEN OF THE SINCERE FRIENDSHIP OF THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS. Book I.— Mark Master, . . . 13 Symbolical Design, .... 15 Historical Summary, . 16 Opening of the Lodge, ...» 18 Lecture and Ritual, . • • . 20 First Section, ..... 20 Workmen from the Quarries, . 21 Good Work— True Work— Square Work, . 23 The Regular Mark of the Craft, . . 24 The Sixth Hour of the Sixth Day of the Wee t, . 25 Second Section, .... . 26 The Mark, ..... 28 The Jewish Shekel, . 30 Joppa, ...... 31 Working Tools, .... . 33 Keystone, ..... 34 Mark Master's Song, . • . 3« Wages of the Craft, .... 38 The Parable, .... . 39 Symbolism of the Parable, 40 Charge, ..... . 42 Prayer, ...... 43 Book II. — Past Master, .... . 45 Symbolical Design, .... 47 Historical Summary, . 48 Opening of the Lodge, 51 Reception, ..... . 53 (v) VI CONTENTS. Ancient Charges, ..... 53 Giblemites, or Stone-squarers, . . 56 Implements of a Past Master, 56 Charge, ...... . 59 Closing Praj'er, ..... 61 Book III.— Most Excellent Master, . 63 Symbolical Design, . . . 65 Historical Summary, .... . 66 Temple of Solomon, ..... 68 Dedication of the Temple, . . . . 72 Opening of the Lodge, .... 73 Reception, ....... 75 A Most Excellent Master, .... 76 Queen of Sheba, . . . . . 77 The Day set apart for the Celebration of the Capc-stor ic, 79 Bringing forth the Ark of the Covenant, 80 Most Excellent Master's Ode, 81 Prayer of Solomon, . 84 The Fire from Heaven, . . . r 86 The Reception and Acknowledgment, . 87 Charge, ....... 88 Closing of the Lodge, . 89 Book IV. — Royal Arch Mason, .... 91 Symbolical Design, . . . . . 93 Historical Summary, • 95 Opening of the Chapter, . 98 Clothing, . . . . ' . 100 Royal Arch Emblem, . 101 Charge at Opening, ..... 103 Lecture and Reception, . . « ; . 104 First Section, ...... 106 Symbolism of the Veils, . 100 Second Section, ...... 107 First Clause, ....... 107 Isaiah xlii. 16, explained, .... 10S CONTENTS. Prayer, .... Duties and Obligations of the Degree, Burning Bush, Destruction of Jerusalem, Second Clause, . Proclamation of Cyrus, Return of the Jews from the Captivity, The Tabernacle, The Signs of Moses, Symbolism of the Serpent, . Symbolism of the Leprous Hand, Symbolism of Water turned to Blood, Signet of Zerubbabel, Incense burns day and night on the Altar of the Lord, Impostors among the Workmen, Working Tools, The Keystone, Three Squares, Ark of the Covenant, Book of the Law, Pot of Manna, Aaron's Rod, . Mystic Key, Investiture, Ode for Investiture, The Tetragrammaton, The Triangular Plate of Gold The Cubical Stone, . Charge, Closing of the Chapter, Closing Prayer, Royal Arch History — in three Lectures. Lecture I. — The Destruction of the Temple, Lecture II. — The Captivity at Babylon, Lecture III. — The Return to Jerusalem, CONTENTS. Book V. — High Priesthood, ..... 171 Symbolical Design, . • . , • . 173 Historical Summary, . • • • . . 174 Constitutional Provisions, .... 174 Opening of the Convention, .... 176 .Jewel of a High Priest, 177 Prayer at Opening, . . • . .177 Reception, . ... . . . . 178 The meeting of Melchizedek and Abram, . . 179 The Communion of Brethren, .... 180 Prayer, . . . . . . .180 The Penalty for unlawfully assuming the Priesthood, 181 Benediction, . . . » . . 182 Anointing, ....... 182 Book VI. — Ceremonies of the Oedek, . . . 187 Section 1. — Consecration of a New Chapter, . , 187 Section II. — Annual Installation of the Officers of a Chapter, 210 Section III. — Ceremony observed at Grand Visitations, . 231 Section IV. — Form of Procession of a Subordinate Chapter,233 Section V. — Installation of the Officers of a Grand Chapter,234 Section VI. — Constitutional Rules, . . . 248 Appendix — Masonic Documents, .... . . 253 Petition for a Dispensation to open and hold a new Chapter, 253 Form of Recommendation, ..... 254 Form of Dispensation for opening and holding a new chapter,254 Form of a Warrant of Constitution, . . . . 255 Certificate of Proxy authorizing a Past High Priest to Constitute a new Chapter, and to Install its officers, 256 Form of Petition for the Capitular Degrees, . . 257 Form of Petition for Membership, . . . 257 Form of a Demit from a Chapter, - 257 Form of a Royal Arch Diploma, . . . 258 Form of Certificate for a Proxy in the Grand Chapter, . 259 Date of Roval Arch Documents, . . . 259 PREFACE. It must be acknowledged that there is no dearth of ordi- nary monitorial books, although I know of none exclusive- ly appropriated to the Chapter degrees. But an experience, by no means inconsiderable, has forced upon me the con- viction that the plan upon which these works have been hitherto constructed, is not such as to meet the demands of the enlarged masonic intellect of the present day. All the Monitors now extant appear to have adopted that of Thomas Smith Webb as their prototype, and, like it, have been very generally confined to the arrangement of the prayers, charges, and Scripture lessons, which are used in die several degrees, without any, or, at most, a very slight attempt to explain, by commentaries, the symbolic mean- ing or the historical references of the different por- tions of the ritual. Hence, but very little knowledge, beyond the mere working part of our institution, is to be obtained from these books ; and although they are well enough for that purpose, still, as it is not the only purpose which may and ought to be effected by a Monitor, I have sought to present the masonic reader with something more in the ensuing pages. Many masons, although willing, and, indeed, anxious, as soon as they are initiated, to learn something more of the nature of the institution into which they have been intro- duced, and of the meaning of the ceremonies through which they have passed, are very often unable, from the want of times or means, to indulge this laudable curiosity. The information which they require is to be found only in the pages of various masonic treatises, and to be acquired only by careful and laborious study. Books are not always accessible, or if accessible, leisure or inclination may be wanting to institute the necessary investigations. But a Monitor is within every mason's reach. It is the first book to which his attention is directed, and is often placed in his hands by the presiding officer, as a manual which he is recommended to study ; and, accordingly, the Monitor is to many a mason, emphatically, his vade mecuin. But unless he can find something more important in its pages than such works as those of Webb and Cross con- tain, he will scarcely arise from the perusal with any in- creased store of knowledge. His want is for " more light " — not for a recapitulation of what he has already heard and seen, but for a rational explanation of the meaning of that through which he has passed. To meet this want, and to place in the hands of every Royal Arch Mason a book in which he may find a lucid explanation, so far as the laws of our institution will per- mit, of all that has excited his curiosity or attracted his interest in the Chapter degrees, and above all, to furnish an elementary treatise of easy comprehension on the sym- bolism of Royal Arch Masonry, have "been the objects of the author in the preparation of the present work. The PREFACE. XI plan upon which it has been written is a novel and hitherto untried one. Yet he thinks that he knows enough, from past experience of the wants of young as well as of old masons, to authorize him to anticipate, with some confi- dence, its favorable acceptance by the craft. His design, at all events, has been a meritorious one ; and if there be any defects or imperfections in the execution, he has, at least, intended, by this labor, to elevate the standard and increase the usefulness of monitorial instruction. ALBERT G. MACKEY, M. D. Charleston, May 1st, 1858. BOOK I. PJarfe JBJastFT. " By the influence of Mark Master Degree, the work of every operative mason was distinctly known. The perfect stones were received with acclamations ; while those that were deficient were rejected with disdain. The arrangement proved a superior stimulus to exertion, which accounts for the high finish which the temple subsequently acquired." Oliver's Historical Landmarks. FOURTH DEGREE. SYMBOLICAL DESIGN. The degree of Mark Master, which is the fourth in the masonic series, is, historically considered, of the utmost im- portance, since we are informed that, by its influence, each operative mason, at the building of King Solomon's temple, was known and distinguished, and the disorder and confu- sion, which might otherwise have attended so immense an undertaking, was completely prevented, and not only the craftsmen themselves, but every part of their workmanship was discriminated with the greatest nicety and the utmost facility. If defects were found, the overseers, by the help of this degree, were enabled, without difficulty, to ascertain who was the faulty workman ; so that all deficiencies might be remedied, without injuring the credit or diminishing the reward of the industrious and faithful among the craft.* Not less useful is it in its symbolic signification. As illus- trative of the FelloAV Craft's degree, it is particularly directed to the inculcation of order, regularity, and discipline. It * Webb's Monitor, p. 84, edit. 1808. (15) 16 BOOK OF THE CHAPTER. teaches us that we should discharge all the duties of our sev- eral stations with precision and punctuality; that the work of our hands and the thoughts of our hearts should be good and true — not unfinished and imperfect — not sinful and de- fective — but such as the Great Overseer and Judge of heaven and earth will see fit to approve as a worthy oblation from his creatures. If the Fellow Craft's degree is devoted to the inculcation of learning, that of Mark Master is intended to instruct us how that learning can most usefully and judi- ciously be employed for our own honor and the profit of others. It holds forth to the desponding the encouraging thought, that although our motives may sometimes be mis- interpreted by our erring fellow-mortals, our attainments be underrated, and our reputations be traduced by the en- vious and malicious, there is One, at least, who sees not with the eyes of man, but may yet make that stone which the builders rejected the head of the corner. The intimate con- nection, then, between the second and fourth degrees of Masonry is this, that while one inculcates the necessary ex- ercise of all the duties of life, the other teaches the import- ance of performing them with systematic regularity. The true Mark Master is a type of that man, mentioned in the sacred parable, who received from his Master this approving language : " Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things : enter thou into the joys of thy Lord." HISTORICAL SUMMARY. We learn, from the traditions of Freemasonry, that the order of Mark Masters, at the temple of Solomon, was select- ed from the great body of the Fellow Crafts. According to these traditions, there were two divisions of the Fellow Crafts. The first, or higher class, worked in the MARK MASTER. 17 quarries, in finishing the stones, or, as we may say, in our lec- tures, " in hewing, squaring, and numbering " them ; and that each one might be enabled to designate his own w r ork, he was in possession of a mark which he placed upon the stones prepared by him. Hence, this class of Fellow Crafts w T ere called Mark Masters, and received their pay from the Senior Grand Warden, whom some suppose to have been Adoniram, the brother-in-law of Hiram Abif, and the first of the Provosts and Judges. These Fellow Crafts received their pay in money, at the rate of a half shekel of silver pel day, equal to about twenty-five cents. They were paid weekly, at the sixth hour of the sixth day of the week, that is to say, on Friday, at noon. And this hour appears to have been chosen, because, as we are taught in the third de- gree, at noon, or high twelve, the Craft were always called from labor to refreshment, and hence the payment of their wages at that hour would not interfere with, or retard the progress of, the work. And Friday w T as selected as the day, because the following one was the Sabbath, or day of rest, when all labor was suspended. But the other and larger division of the Fellow Crafts, being younger and more inexperienced men, and with less skill and knowledge, were not advanced to the grade of Mark Masters. These were not, therefore, in possession of a mark. They proved their claim to reward by another token, and, after that part of the edifice was completed, received their wages in the middle chamber of the temple, being paid in corn, wine, and oil, agreeably to the stipula- tion of King Solomon with Hiram of Tyre. OPENING OF THE LODGE. n n A Lodge of Mark Masters consists, besides the Tiler, of the following eleven officers : Right Worshipful Master. Senior Warden.* Junior Warden. Treasurer. Secretary. Senior Deacon. Junior Deacon. Master Overseer. Senior Overseer. Junior Overseer. Master of Ceremonies. These offices are filled by the officers of the Chapter under whose warrant the Mark Lodge is held, in the following order : The High Priest, King, and Scribe, act as Master and Wardens ; the Treasurer and Secretary occupy the corres- ponding stations; the Principal Sojourner acts as Senior Deacon ; the Royal Arch Captain, as Junior Deacon ; the Grand Master of the Third Veil, as Master Overseer ; the Grand Master of the Second Veil, as Senior Overseer ; the Grand Master of the First Veil, as Junior Overseer ; and the Captain of the Host, as Master of Ceremonies. * In the ritual of reception this officer is styled M Senior Grand Warden. 1 ' (18) MARK MASTER. 19 The symbolic color of trie Mark degree is purple.* The apron is of white lamb-skin, edged with purple, and the collar of purple, edged with gold. But as Mark lodges are no longer independent bodies, but always held under the warrant of a Royal Arch Chapter, the collars, aprons and jewels of the Chapter are generally made use of in conferring the Mark degree. Lodges of Mark Masters are " dedicated to Hiram, the Builder." A candidate receiving this degree is said to be " advanced to the honorary degree of a Mark Master. CHARGE TO BE READ AT OPENING THE LODGE. Wherefore, brethren, lay aside all malice, and guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings. If so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious, to whom coming as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious ; ye also as living stones, 'be ye built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up sacrifices ac- ceptable to God. Wherefore, also, it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Zion, for a foundation, a tried stone, a precious corner-stone, a sure foundation ; he that believeth, shall not make haste to pass it over. Unto you, therefore, which believe, it is an honor ; and even to them which be disobedient, the stone * Yellow was formerly appropriated to this degree, and was used in Mark lodges working under the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 20 BOOK OF THE CHAPTER. which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner. Brethren, this is the will of God, that with well- doing ye put to silence the ignorance of foolish men. As free, and not using your liberty for a cloak of maliciousness, but as the servants of God. Honor all men ; love the brotherhood ; fear God. The passages of Scripture here selected are peculiarly ap- propriate to this degree. The repeated references to the "living stone," to the "tried stone," the "jjrecious corner- stone," and more especially to " the stone which the builders disallowed," are intended to impress the mind not only with the essential ceremonies of the degree, but also with its most important and significant symbol. The passages are taken, with slight but necessary modifications, from the 2d chapter of the First Epistle of Peter and the 28th chap- ter of Isaiah. LECTURE A:N T D RITUAL. The lecture on the fourth degree of Masonry is divided into two sections, each of which is appropriately exempli- fied by a corresponding section of the ritual of initiation. jFirst .Sutton. The first section exemplifies the regularity and good order that were observed by the craftsmen at the building of the temple, illustrates the method by which the idle and unwor- thy were detected and punished, and displays the legend which recounts one of the principal events which character- izes this degree. The attention of the neophyte is particularly directed, in the ceremonies of this section, to the materials of which the MARK MASTER. 21 temple was constructed, the place whence they were ob- tained, and the method in which they were inspected and approved, or rejected. Workmen from the Quarries. The materials of which the temple of King Solomon was principally constructed consisted of the compact mountain limestone which is almost the entire geological formation of Palestine, and which rises above the surface in the rocky hillocks on which the city of Jerusalem is built. This stone is very solid, of a nearly white color, and capa- ble of receiving a remarkable polish.* Ancient quarries of this rock still abound in the Holy Land, and, although long since disused, present the internal evi- dence of having been employed for purposes of building. One of them, beneath the city of Jerusalem, and undoubtedly the very quarry from which Solomon obtained most of his material, has been but lately discovered. Mr. Prime, who visited this quarry in 185G, speaks of it thus : " That the whole was a quarry was amply evident. The unfinished stone, the marks of places whence many had been taken, the galleries, in the ends of which were marked out the blocks to be cut, and the vast masses cut, but never re- moved, all showed sufficiently the effect of the cutting. But date or inscription we looked in vain for, and conjecture is left free here. I wandered hour after hour through the vast halls, seeking some evidence of their origin. * A writer in the "Boston Traveller," who visited the quarries beneath Jerusalem, describes the stones as being " extremely soft and pliable, nearly- white, and very easily worked, but, like the stones of Malta and Paris, hard- ening by exposure ." 22 BOOK OF THE CHAPTER. One thing to me is very manifest. There has been solid stone taken from this excavation sufficient to build the walls of Jerusalem and the Temple of Solomon. The size of many of the stones taken from here appears to be very great. I know of no place to which the stone can have been carried but to these works, and I know of no other quarries in the neighborhood from which the great stone of the walls would seem to have come. These two connected ideas impelled me strongly towards the belief that this was the ancient quarry whence the city was built, and when the magnitude of the excavation between the two opposing hills and of this cav- ern is considered, it is, to say the least of it, a difficult ques- tion to answer, what has become of the stone once here, on any other theory than that I have suggested."* This quarry has received, in modern days, the name of the " Cave of Jeremiah." It is situated on the Hill of Acra, west of the temple. Another modern traveler says : "I have roamed abroad over the surrounding hills, even to Mizpeh, where Samuel testified, and into the long, deep limestone quarries beneath Jerusalem itself, whence Solomon obtained those splendid slabs, the origin of which has been so long unknown. It is but four years since the existence of this immense subterra- nean cavern was known to travelers. I have penetrated it for near half a mile, and seen there many large stones already cut, which were prepared for work, but were never removed. This new discovery is one of the greatest wonders of Jerusa- lem. It seems to extend under the temple itself, and the stones were all finished and dressed there, and then raised up at the very spot for their appropriation."f It is evident, therefore, that the quarries whence the Mark Masters obtained their materials were situated in the im- mediate vicinity of the temple. * Tent Life in the Holy Land. p. 113. t Christian Witness, Sept. 11, 1857. MARK MASTER. 23 Stones of a finer quality were also obtained from the mountains of Lebanon, and were prepared by the workmen of Hiram, King of Tyre. TVW x/ l i 1 » i i ! '/ l7 & is Good work — True work — Square work. The work of all the materials bought up for the building of the temple was required to be good, true, and square, and such only, our traditions inform us, were the overseers au- thorized to receive. Good icorJc — made of the best materials, not defective, but accurately and neatly finished, and thus fit and suitable, by its workmanlike appearance, for a place in the magnificent building for which it was intended. True icorlc — right to precision in all its dimensions and surfaces, neither too long nor too short, too thick nor too thin, but level on its top and bottom, and perpendicular on its sides, so as to be exactly conformable to the copy or pat- tern which had been inscribed by the master builder on his trestle-board. Square icorJc — that the joints of the stones might be accu- rately adapted, and each part fitted with such exact nicety , that the whole, when completed, might seem to be " rather the workmanship of the Supreme Architect than of mere human hands." And all this is in conformity not only with the traditions of Masonry, but with the teachings of the Scriptures, which inform us that " the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither : so COOK OF THE CHAPTER. that there was neither hammer nor axe, nor any tool of iron, heard in the house while it was in building."* The regular Mark of the Craft. Oliver says that, at the building of the temple, certain men were employed to mark the materials as they came out of the hands of the workmen, that no false mark might be placed upon an imperfect stone, and to enable them to be put together with greater facility and precision, when con- veyed from the quarries to the holy mountain of Moriah. This is not exactly the tradition. Each workman placed his own mark upon his own materials, so that the workmanship of every mason might be readily distinguished, and praise or blame be justly awarded. These marks, according to the lectures, consisted of mathematical figures, squares, angles, lines, and perpendiculars, and hence any figure of a difFerent kind would not be deemed " the regular mark of the craft." A similar custom was practised by the masons of the middle * I. Kings, vi. 7. The writer in tho t; Boston Traveller," quoted, says, when speaking of the quarry beneath Jerusalem, u the heaps of chippings which lie about show that the stone was dressed on the spot, which accords with the ac- count of the building of the temple. 1, MARK MASTER. 25 ages, and many of the stones, both inside and outside of the cathedrals and other buildings of that period were thus marked. Mr. Godwin, in a communication to the Society of Antiquaries, says, that " in his opinion, these marks, if col- lected and compared, might assist in connecting the various bands of operatives, who, under the protection of the Church — mystically united — spread themselves over Europe during the middle ages, and are known as Freemasons." The sixth hour of the sixth day of the week. The Jews divided the day into twelve hours, commencing at sun-rise and ending at sun-set. The hours, therefore, varied in length with the variations of the seasons. Mid-day was, however, always the sixth hour, and sun-set the twelfth. At the equinoxes, for instance, when the sun rose at six o'clock, the hours of the day were apportioned as follows : Seven o'clock was the first hour ; eight, the second ; nine, the third ; ten, the fourth ; eleven, the fifth ; and twelve, the 2 26 BOOK OF THE CHAPTER. sixth. The sixth hour, or "high twelve," was appropriately selected as the time of paying the craft their wages, because, being then called from labor to refreshment, the progress of the work was not impeded by the interruption of paying the workmen, which would have been the case at any other time. The week commencing on Sunday, and ending on Satur- day, or the Sabbath, the sixth day was accordingly Friday, and hence 12 o'clock, noon, on Friday, is the time des- ignated by " the sixth hour of the sixth day of the week." The labors of the week were then concluded, and the rest of the time, to sunset or the twelfth hour, was probably oc- cupied in paying off the workmen. An important lesson is here allegorically taught, which may be communicated in the sublime language of Brother Albert Pike : " Be careful, my brother, that thou receive no wages, here or elsewhere, that are not thy due. For if thou dost, thou wrongest some one, by taking that which in God's chancery belongs to Him ; — and whether that which thou takest thus, be .wealth, or rank, or influence, or reputation." SztovJs