DU 627 .17 D2 S8 1916 MAIN [fHER DAMIEN RT LOUIS STEVENSON UC-NRLF THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA GIFT OF Mrs. William H. Harrison IN SIMILAR FORM 16mo, Boards, net 50c. Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews The Perfect Tribute The Lifted Bandage The Courage of the Commonplace The Counsel Assigned Maltbie Davenport Babcock The Success of Defeat Katharine Holland Brown The Messenger Richard Harding Davis The Consul The Boy Scout Marion Harland Looking Westward Robert Herrick The Master of the Inn Frederick Landis The Angel of Lonesome Hill Francis E. Leupp A Day with Father Alice Duer Miller Things Thomas Nelson Page The Stranger's Pew Robert Louis Stevenson A Christma-s Sermon Prayers Written at Vailima ^s Triplex- Father Damien Isobel Strong Robert Louis Stevenson Henry van Dyke School of Life The Spirit of Christmas The Sad Shepherd The First Christmas Tree FATHER DAMIEN Father Damien An Open Letter to the Reverend Dr. Hyde of Honolulu By Robert Louis Stevenson With a Note, Mrs. Stevenson's description of the writing, and related passages from Stevenson's correspondence NEW YORK Charles Scribner's Sons 1916 Copyright, 1916, hy Charles Scribner's Sons Published March, 1916 ^^d to Lib. GIFT FATHER DAMIEN 047 FATHER DAMIEN AN OPEN LETTER TO THE REVEREND DR. HYDE OF HONOLULU Sydney, February 25, 1890. Sir, — It may probably occur to you that we have met, and visited, and conversed; on my side, with interest. You may remember that you have done me several courte- sies, for which I was prepared to be grateful. But there are duties which come before gratitude, and offences which justly divide friends, far more accjuaintances. Your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage is a docu- ment, which, in my sight, if you had [3] FATHER DAMIEN filled me with bread when I was starving, if you had sat up to nurse my father when he lay a-dying, would yet absolve me from the bonds of gratitude. You know enough, doubtless, of the process of canon- isation to be aware that, a hundred years after the death of Damien, there will appear a man charged with the painful office of the deviVs advocate. After that noble brother of mine, and of all frail clay, shall have lain a century at rest, one shall ac- cuse, one defend him. The circum- stance is unusual that the devil's advocate should be a volunteer, should be a member of a sect im- mediately rival, and should make haste to take upon himself his ugly office ere the bones are cold; unusual, and of a taste which I shall leave my [4] FATHER DAMIEN readers free to qualify; unusual, and to me inspiring. If I have at all learned the trade of using words to convey truth and to arouse emotion, you have at last furnished me with a subject. For it is in the interest of all mankind and the cause of pub- lic decency in every quarter of the world, not only that Damien should be righted, but that you and your letter should be displayed at length, in their true colours, to the public eye. To do this properly, I must begin by quoting you at large : I shall then proceed to criticise your utterance from several points of view, divine and human, in the course of which I shall attempt to draw again and with more specification the character of the dead saint whom it has [5] FATHER DAMIEN pleased you to vilify: so much be- ing done, I shall say farewell to you for ever. ''Honolulu, August 2, 1889. "Rev. H. B. Gage. "Dear Brother, — In answer to your inquiries about Father Damien, I can only reply that we who knew the man are surprised at the extrav- agant newspaper laudations, as if he was a most saintly philanthropist. The simple truth is, he was a coarse, dirty man, headstrong and bigoted. He was not sent to Molokai, but went there without orders; did not stay at the leper settlement (before he became one himself), but circu- lated freely over the whole island (less than half the island is devoted to the lepers), and he came often to [6] FATHER DAMIEN Honolulu. He had no hand m the reforms and improvements inaug- urated, which were the work of our Board of Health, as occasion re- quired and means were provided. He was not a pure man in his rela- tions with women, and the leprosy of which he died should be attributed to his vices and carelessness. Others have done much for the lepers, our own ministers, the government phy- sicians, and so forth, but never with the Catholic idea of meriting eternal life. — Yours, etc., "CM. Hyde." 1 To deal fitly with a letter so extraor- dinary, I must draw at the outset on my private knowledge of the signatory and his sect. It may of- fend others; scarcely you, who have ^ From the Sydney Presbyterian, October 26, 1889. [7] FATHER DAMIEN been so busy to collect, so bold to publish, gossip on your rivals. And this is perhaps the moment when I may best explain to you the char- acter of what you are to read : I con- ceive you as a man quite beyond and below the reticences of civility: with what measure you mete, with that shall it be measured you again; with you, at last, I rejoice to feel the button off the foil and to plunge home. And if in aught that I shall say I should offend others, your colleagues, whom I respect and re- member with affection, I can but offer them my regret; I am not free, I am inspired by the consideration of interests far more large; and such pain as can be inflicted by anything from me must be indeed trifling when compared with the pain with [8] FATHER DAMIEN which they read your letter. It is not the hangman, but the criminal, that brings dishonour on the house. You belong, sir, to a sect — I be- lieve my sect, and that in which my ancestors laboured — which has en- joyed, and partly failed to utilise, an exceptional advantage in the is- lands of Hawaii. The first mission- aries came; they found the land already self-purged of its old and bloody faith; they were embraced, almost on their arrival, with en- thusiasm; what troubles they sup- ported came far more from whites than from Hawaiians; and to these last they stood (in a rough figure) in the shoes of God. This is not the place to enter into the degree or causes of their failure, such as it is. One element alone is pertinent, and [9] FATHER DAMIEN must here be plainly dealt with. In the course of their evangelical call- ing, they — or too many of them — grew rich. It may be news to you that the houses of missionaries are a cause of mocking on the streets of Honolulu. It will at least be news to you, that when I returned your civil visit, the driver of my cab com- mented on the size, the taste, and the comfort of your home. It would have been news certainly to myself, had any one told me that afternoon that I should live to drag such matter into print. But you see, sir, how you degrade better men to your own level; and it is needful that those who are to judge betwixt you and me, betwixt Damien and the devil's advocate, should under- stand your letter to have been [10] FATHER DAMIEN penned in a house which could raise, and that very justly, the envy and the comments of the passers-by. I think (to employ a phrase of yours which I admire) it "should be at- tributed" to you that you have never visited the scene of Damien's life and death. If you had, and had recalled it, and looked about your pleasant rooms, even your pen per- haps would have been stayed. Your sect (and remember, as far as any sect avow^s me, it is mine) has not done ill in a worldly sense in the Hawaiian Kingdom. When ca- lamity befell their innocent parish- ioners, when leprosy descended and took root in the Eight Islands, a quid pro quo w^as to be looked for. To that prosperous mission, and to you, as one of its adornments, God [11] FATHER DAMIEN had sent at last an opportunity. I know I am touching here upon a nerve acutely sensitive. I know that others of your colleagues look back on the inertia of your Church, and the intrusive and decisive hero- ism of Damien, with something al- most to be called remorse. I am sure it is so with yourself; I am per- suaded your letter was inspired by a certain envy, not essentially igno- ble, and the one human trait to be espied in that performance. You were thinking of the lost chance, the past day; of that which should have been conceived and was not; of the service due and not rendered. Time was, said the voice in your ear, in your pleasant room, as you sat raging and writing; and if the words written were base beyond [12] FATHER DAMIEN parallel, the rage, I am happy to repeat — it is the only compliment I shall pay you — the rage was almost virtuous. But, sir, when we have failed, and another has succeeded; when we have stood by, and an- other has stepped in; when we sit and grow bulky in our charming mansions, and a plain, uncouth peas- ant steps into the battle, under the eyes of God, and succours the af- flicted, and consoles the dying, and is himself afflicted in his turn, and dies upon the field of honour — the battle cannot be retrieved as your unhappy irritation has suggested. It is a lost battle, and lost for ever. One thing remained to you in your defeat — some rags of common hon- our; and these you have made haste to cast away. [13] FATHER DAMIEN Common honour; not the honour of having done anything right, but the honour of not having done aught conspicuously foul; the honour of the inert: that was what remained to you. We are not all expected to be Damiens; a man may conceive his duty more narrowly, he may love his comforts better; and none will cast a stone at him for that. But will a gentleman of your reverend pro- fession allow me an example from the fields of gallantry.'^ When two gentlemen compete for the favour of a lady, and the one succeeds and the other is rejected, and (as will sometimes happen) matter damag- ing to the successful rival's credit reaches the ear of the defeated, it is held by plain men of no pretensions that his mouth is, in the circum- [14] FATHER DAMIEN stance, almost necessarily closed. Your Church and Damien's were in Hawaii upon a rivalry to do well: to help, to edify, to set divine ex- amples. You having (in one huge in- stance) failed, and Damien succeed- ed, I marvel it should not have oc- curred to you that you were doomed to silence; that when you had been outstripped in that high rival- ry, and sat inglorious in the midst of your well-being, in your pleas- ant room — and Damien, crowned with glories and horrors, toiled and rotted in that pigstye of his under the cliffs of Kalawao — you, the elect who would not, were the last man on earth to collect and propagate gossip on the volunteer who would and did. I think I see you — for I try to see you in the flesh as I write these [15] FATHER DAMIEN sentences — I think I see you leap at the word pigstye, a hyperbohcal expression at the best. "He had no hand in the reforms," he was "a coarse, dirty man"; these were your own words; and you may think it possible that I am come to support you with fresh evidence. In a sense, it is even so. Damien has been too much depicted with a conventional halo and conventional features; so drawn by men who perhaps had not the eye to remark or the pen to ex- press the individual; or who per- haps were only blinded and silenced by generous admiration, such as I partly envy for myself — such as you, if your soul were enlightened, would envy on your bended knees. It is the least defect of such a method of portraiture that it makes the path [16] FATHER DAMIEN easy for the devil's advocate, and leaves for the misuse of the slanderer a considerable field of truth. For the truth that is suppressed by friends is the readiest weapon of the enemy. The world, in your despite, may perhaps owe you something, if your letter be the means of substitut- ing once for all a credible likeness for a wax abstraction. For, if that world at all remember you, on the day when Damien of Molokai shall be named Saint, it will be in virtue of one work: your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage. You may ask on what authority I speak. It was my inclement destiny to become acquainted, not with Damien, but with Dr. Hyde. When I visited the lazaretto Damien was already in his resting grave. But [17] FATHER DAMIEN such information as I have, I gath- ered on the spot in conversation with those who knew him well and long: some indeed who revered his memory ; but others who had sparred and wrangled with him, who be- held him with no halo, who per- haps regarded him with small re- spect, and through whose unprepared and scarcely partial communications the plain, human features of the man shone on me convincingly. These gave me what knowledge I possess ; and I learned it in that scene where it could be most completely and sensitively understood — Kala- wao, which you have never visited, about which you have never so much as endeavoured to inform yourself: for, brief as your letter is, you have found the means to stum- [18 1 FATHER DAMIEN ble into that confession. ''Less than one-half of the island," you say, "is devoted to the lepers." Molokai — " Molokai ahinaj' the "grey," lofty, and most desolate island — along all its northern side plunges a front of precipice into a sea of unusual pro- fundity. This range of cliff is, from east to west, the true end and frontier of the island. Only in one spot there projects into the ocean a certain triangular and rugged down, grassy, stony, windy, and rising in the midst into a hill with a dead crater: the whole bearing to the cliff that overhangs it somewhat the same re- lation as a bracket to a wall. With this hint you will now be able to pick out the leper station on a map; you will be able to judge how much of Molokai is thus cut off between [19] FATHER DAMIEN the surf and precipice, whether less than a half, or less than a quarter, or a fifth, or a tenth — or say, a twentieth; and the next time you burst into print you will be in a posi- tion to share with us the issue of your calculations. I imagine you to be one of those persons who talk with cheerful- ness of that place which oxen and wainropes could not drag you to be- hold. You, who do not even know its situation on the map, probably denounce sensational descriptions, stretching your limbs the while in your pleasant parlour on Beretania Street. When I was pulled ashore there one early morning, there sat with me in the boat two sisters, bidding farewell (in humble imita- tion of Damien) to the lights and [20 1 FATHER DAMIEN joys of human life. One of these wept silently; I could not withhold myself from joining her. Had you been there, it is my belief that na- ture would have triumphed even in you; and as the boat drew but a little nearer, and you beheld the stairs crowded with abominable def- ormations of our common manhood, and saw yourself landing in the midst of such a population as only now and then surrounds us in the horror of a nightmare — what a hag- gard eye you would have rolled over your reluctant shoulder towards the house on Beretania Street ! Had you gone on; had you found every fourth face a blot upon the land- scape; had you visited the hospital and seen the butt-ends of human beings lying there almost unrecog- [211 FATHER DAMIEN nisable, but still breathing, still thinking, still remembering; you would have understood that life in the lazaretto is an ordeal from which the nerves of a man's spirit shrink, even as his eye quails under the brightness of the sun; you would have felt it was (even to-day) a pitiful place to visit and a hell to dwell in. It is not the fear of possible infection. That seems a little thing when compared with the pain, the pity and the disgust of the visitor's surroundings, and the atmosphere of affliction, disease, and physical dis- grace in which he breathes. I do not think I am a man more than usually timid; but I never recall the days and nights I spent upon that island promontory (eight days and seven nights), without heartfelt thankful- [22] FATHER DAMIEN ness that I am somewhere else. I find in my diary that I speak of my stay as a "grinding experience": I have once jotted in the margin, "Harrowing is the word"; and when the Mokolii bore me at last towards the outer world, I kept repeating to myself, with a new conception of their pregnancy, those simple words of the song — " 'Tis the most distressful country that ever yet was seen." And observe: that which I saw and suffered from was a settlement purged, bettered, beautified; the new village built, the hospital and the Bishop-Home excellently arranged ; the sisters, the doctor, and the mis- sionaries, all indefatigable in their noble tasks. It was a different place [23] FATHER DAMIEN when Damien came there, and made his great renunciation, and slept that first night under a tree amidst his rotting brethren: alone with pes- tilence; and looking forward (with what courage, with what pitiful sink- ings of dread, God only knows) to a lifetime of dressing sores and stumps. You will say, perhaps, I am too sensitive, that sights as painful abound in cancer hospitals and are confronted daily by doctors and nurses. I have long learned to ad- mire and envy the doctors and the nurses. But there is no cancer hos- pital so large and populous as Kala- wao and Kalaupapa; and in such a matter every fresh case, like every inch of length in the pipe of an or- gan, deepens the note of the impres- sion; for what daunts the onlooker is [24] FATHER DAMIEN that monstrous sum of human suffer- ing by which he stands surrounded. Lastly, no doctor or nurse is called upon to enter once for all the doors of that gehenna; they do not say farewell, they need not abandon hope, on its sad threshold; they but go for a time to their high calling, and can look forward as they go to relief, to recreation, and to rest. But Damien shut to with his own hand the doors of his own sepulchre. I shall now extract three passages from my diary at Kalawao. A, ''Damien is dead and already somewhat ungratefully remembered in the field of his labours and suf- ferings. 'He was a good man, but very officious,' says one. Another tells me he had fallen (as other priests so easily do) into something [25] FATHER DAMIEN of the ways and habits of thought of a Kanaka; but he had the wit to recognise the fact, and the good sense to laugh at" [over] "it. A plain man it seems he was; I cannot find he was a popular." B. "After Ragsdale's death" [Rags- dale was a famous Luna, or overseer, of the unruly settlement] "there fol- lowed a brief term of office by Father Damien which served only to pub- lish the weakness of that noble man. He was rough in his ways, and he had no control. x\uthority was relaxed; Damien's life was threat- ened, and he was soon eager to re- sign." C. "Of Damien I begin to have an idea. He seems to have been a man of the peasant class, certainly of the peasant type: shrewd; ignorant and [26] FATHER DAMIEN bigoted, yet with an open mind, and capable of receiving and digesting a reproof if it were bluntly admin- istered; superbly generous in the least thing as well as in the greatest, and as ready to give his last shirt (although not without human grum- bling) as he had been to sacrifice his life; essentially indiscreet and offi- cious, which made him a trouble- some colleague; domineering in all his ways, which made him incurably unpopular with the Kanakas, but yet destitute of real authority, so that his boys laughed at him and he must carry out his wishes by the means of bribes. He learned to have a mania for doctoring; and set up the Kanakas against the remedies of his regular rivals: perhaps (if any- thing matter at all in the treatment [27] FATHER DAMIEN of such a disease) the worst thing that he did, and certainly the easiest. The best and worst of the man ap- pear very plainly in his dealings with Mr. Chapman's money; he had originally laid it out" [intended to lay it out] ''entirely for the benefit of Catholics, and even so not wisely, but after a long, plain talk, he ad- mitted his error fully and revised the list. The sad state of the boys' home is in part the result of his lack of control; in part, of his own slovenly ways and false ideas of hygiene. Brother officials used to call it 'Da- mien's Chinatown.' 'Well,' they would say, 'your Chinatown keeps growing.' And he would laugh with perfect good-nature, and adhere to his errors with perfect obstinacy. So much I have gathered of truth about [28] FATHER DAMIEN this plain, noble human brother and father of ours; his imperfections are the traits of his face, by which we know him for our fellow; his martyr- dom and his example nothing can lessen or annul; and only a person here on the spot can properly ap- preciate their greatness." I have set down these private pas- sages, as you perceive, without cor- rection; thanks to you, the public has them in their bluntness. They are almost a list of the man's faults, for it is rather these that I was seek- ing: with his virtues, with the heroic profile of his life, I and the world were already sufficiently acquainted. I was besides a little suspicious of Catholic testimony; in no ill sense, but merely because Damien's ad- mirers and disciples were the least FATHER DAMIEN likely to be critical. I know you will be more suspicious still; and the facts set down above were one and all collected from the lips of Protes- tants who had opposed the father in his life. Yet I am strangely deceived, or they build up the image of a man, with all his weaknesses, essen- tially heroic, and alive with rugged honesty, generosity, and mirth. Take it for what it is, rough pri- vate jottings of the worst sides of Damien's character, collected from the lips of those who had laboured with and (in your own phrase) "knew the man"; — though I ques- tion whether Damien would have said that he knew you. Take it, and observe with wonder how well you were served by your gossips, how ill by your intelligence and sympathy; [30] FATHER DAMIEN in how many points of fact we are at one, and how widely our appre- ciations vary. There is something wrong here; either with you or me. It is possible, for instance, that you, who seem to have so many ears in Kalawao, had heard of the affair of Mr. Chapman's money, and were singly struck by Damien's intended wrong-doing. I was struck with that also, and set it fairly down; but I was struck much more by the fact that he had the honesty of mind to be convinced. I may here tell you that it was a long business; that one of his colleagues sat with him late into the night, multiplying argu- ments and accusations; that the father listened as usual with "per- fect good-nature and perfect ob- stinacy"; but at the last, when he [31] FATHER DAMIEN was persuaded — "Yes," said he, **I am very much obhged to you; you have done me a service; it would have been a theft." There are many (not Cathohcs merely) who require their heroes and saints to be infal- lible; to these the story will be pain- ful; not to the true lovers, patrons, and servants of mankind. And I take it, this is a type of our division; that you are one of those who have an eye for faults and fail- ures; that you take a pleasure to find and publish them; and that, having found them, you make haste to forget the overvailing virtues and the real success which had alone in- troduced them to your knowledge. It is a dangerous frame of mind. That you may understand how dan- gerous, and into what a situation it [32] FATHER DAMIEN has already brought you, we will (if you please) go hand-in-hand through the different phrases of your letter, and candidly examine each from the point of view of its truth, its appositeness, and its charity. Damien was coarse. It is very possible. You make us sorry for the lepers who had only a coarse old peasant for their friend and father. But you, who were so refined, why were you not there, to cheer them with the lights of cul- ture.^ Or may I remind you that w^e have some reason to doubt if John the Baptist were genteel; and in the case of Peter, on whose career you doubtless dwell approvingly in the pulpit, no doubt at all he was a *' coarse, headstrong" fisherman! [33] FATHER DAMIEN Yet even in our Protestant Bibles Peter is called Saint. Damien was dirty. He was. Think of the poor lepers annoyed with this dirty comrade ! But the clean Dr. Hyde was at his food in a fine house. Damien was headstrong, I believe you are right again; and I thank God for his strong head and heart. Damien was bigoted. I am not fond of bigots myself, be- cause they are not fond of me. But what is meant by bigotry, that we should regard it as a blemish in a priest .f^ Damien believed his own re- ligion with the simplicity of a peas- [34] FATHER DAMIEN ant or a child; as I would I could suppose that you do. For this, I wonder at him some way off; and had that been his only character, should have avoided him in life. But the point of interest in Damien, which has caused him to be so much talked about and made him at last the subject of your pen and mine, was that, in him, his bigotry, his intense and narrow faith, wrought potently for good, and strengthened him to be one of the world's heroes and exemplars. Damien was not sent to Molokaiy hut went there without orders. Is this a misreading? or do you really mean the words for blame .^ I have heard Christ, in the pulpits of our Church, held up for imitation on [35] FATHER DAMIEN the ground that His sacrifice was voluntary. Does Dr. Hyde think otherwise .^ Damien did not stay at the settle- ment, etc. It is true he was allowed many in- dulgences. Am I to understand that you blame the father for profiting by these, or the officers for granting them '^ In either case, it is a mighty Spartan standard to issue from the house on Beretania Street; and I am convinced you will find yourself with few supporters. Damien had no hand in the reforms, etc, I think even you will admit that I have already been frank in my de- scription of the man I am defending; [36] FATHER DAMIEN but before I take you up upon this head, I will be franker still, and tell you that perhaps nowhere in the world can a man taste a more pleas- urable sense of contrast than when he passes from Damien's '* China- town" at Kalawao to the beautiful Bishop-Home at Kalaupapa. At this point, in my desire to make all fair for you, I will break my rule and adduce Catholic testimony. Here is a passage from my diary about my visit to the Chinatown, from which you will see how it is (even now) regarded by its own officials: ''We went round all the dormitories, refec- tories, etc. — dark and dingy enough, with a superficial cleanliness, which he" [Mr. Dutton, the lay brother] "did not seek to defend. 'It is almost decent,' said he; 'the sisters [37] FATHER DAMIEN will make that all right when we get them here.' " And yet I gath- ered it was already better since Damien was dead, and far better than when he was there alone and had his own (not alwa^^s excellent) way. I have now come far enough to meet you on a common ground of fact; and I tell you that, to a mind not prejudiced by jealousy, all the reforms of the lazaretto, and even those which he most vigorously op- posed, are properly the work of Da- mien. They are the evidence of his success; they are what his heroism provoked from the reluctant and the careless. Many were before him in the field; Mr. Meyer, for instance, of whose faithful work we hear too little: there have been many since; and some had more worldly wisdom, [38] FATHER DAMIEN though none had more devotion, than our saint. Before his day, even you will confess, they had effected little. It was his part, by one strik- ing act of martyrdom, to direct all men's eyes on that distressful coun- try. At a blow, and with the price of his life, he made the place illustrious and public. And that, if you will consider largely, was the one re- form needful; pregnant of all that should succeed. It brought money; it brought (best individual addition of them all) the sisters; it brought supervision, for public opinion and public interest landed with the man at Kalawao. If ever any man brought reforms, and died to bring them, it was he. There is not a clean cup or towel in the Bishop-Home, but dirty Damien washed it. [39] FATHER DAMIEN Damien was not a pure man in his relations with women, etc. How do you know that? Is this the nature of the conversation in that house on Beretania Street which the cabman envied, driving past? — racy details of the misconduct of the poor peasant priest, toihng under the cHffs of Molokai ? Many have visited the station be- fore me; they seem not to have heard the rumour. When I was there I heard many shocking tales, for my informants were men speak- ing with the plainness of the laity; and I heard plenty of complaints of Damien. Why was this never men- tioned? and how came it to you in the retirement of your clerical par- lour ? But I must not even seem to de- [40] FATHER DAMIEN ceive you. This scandal, when I read it in your letter, was not new to me. I had heard it once before; and I must tell you how. There came to Samoa a man from Honolulu; he, in a public-house on the beach, volunteered the statement that Da- mien had "contracted the disease from having connection with the female lepers"; and I find a joy in telling you how the report was wel- comed in a public-house. A man sprang to his feet ; I am not at liberty to give his name, but from what I heard I doubt if you would care to have him to dinner in Beretania Street. ''You miserable little " (here is a word I dare not print, it would so shock your ears). "You miserable little ," he cried, "if the story were a thousand times [411 FATHER DAIVOEN true, can't you see you are a million times a lower for daring to re- peat it?" I wish it could be told of you that when the report reached you in your house, perhaps after family worship, you had found in your soul enough holy anger to re- ceive it with the same expressions: ay, even with that one which I dare not print; it would not need to have been blotted away, like Uncle Toby's oath, by the tears of the recording angel; it would have been counted to you for your brightest righteousness. But you have deliberately chosen the part of the man from Honolulu, and you have played it with im- provements of your own. The man from Honolulu — miserable, leering creature — communicated the tale to a rude knot of beacli -combing drink- [42] FATHER DAMIEN ers in a public-house, where (I will so far agree with your temperance opinions) man is not always at his noblest; and the man from Honolulu had himself been drinking — drink- ing, we may charitably fancy, to excess. It was to your "Dear Brother, the Reverend H. B. Gage," that you chose to communicate the sickening story; and the blue ribbon which adorns your portly bosom forbids me to allow you the extenuating plea that you were drunk when it was done. Your "dear brother" — a brother indeed — made haste to de- liver up your letter (as a means of grace, perhaps) to the religious papers; where, after many months, I found and read and wondered at it ; and whence I have now reproduced it for t^^ wonder of others. And you [43] FATHER DAI^HEN and your dear brother have, by this cycle of operations, built up a con- trast very edifying to examine in detail. The man whom you would not care to have to dinner, on the one side; on the other, the Rever- end Dr. Hyde and the Reverend H. B. Gage: the Apia bar-room, the Honolulu manse. But I fear you scarce appreciate how you appear to your fellow-men; and to bring it home to you, I will suppose your story to be true. I will suppose — and God forgive me for supposing it — that Damien faltered and stumbled in his narrow path of duty; I will suppose that, in the horror of his isolation, perhaps in the fever of incipient disease, he, who was doing so much more than he had sworn, failed in the letter of [44] FATHER DAMIEN his priestly oath — he, who was so much a better man than either you or me, who did what we have never dreamed of daring — he too tasted of our common frailty. *'0, lago, the pity of it !" The least tender should be moved to tears; the most in- credulous to prayer. And all that you could do was to pen your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage ! Is it growing at all clear to you what a picture you have drawn of your own heart .^^ I will try yet once again to make it clearer. You had a father: suppose this tale were about him, and some informant brought it to you, proof in hand: I am not making too high an estimate of your emotional nature when I suppose you would regret the circumstance? that you would feel the tale of frailty [45] FATHER DAMIEN the more keenly since it shamed the author of your days? and that the last thing you would do would be to publish it in the religious press? Well, the man who tried to do what Damien did, is my father, and the father of the man in the iVpia bar, and the father of all who love goodness; and he was your father too, if God had given you grace to see it. 46 NOTE The circumstances under which the Damien letter to the Reverend Mr. Hyde was written are in great part famihar to the readers of Steven- son's biography and of his corre- spondence; but they may be briefly recalled. After their first Pacific cruise in the yacht Casco, in 1888-89, Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson were for several months in the Hawaiian Islands, and at the end of May, 1889, Stevenson carried out a wish that he had formed long before and that had grown upon him with characteristic intensity as he heard more of the subject, to visit the leper colony on the Island of [47] FATHER DAMIEN Molokai. Father Damien had died a Httle more than a month before (April 15), so that Stevenson never met the man whose work had in- terested him so keenly. Of the visit at Molokai he wrote as follows to Sidney Colvin, showing, in a passage afterward closely par- alleled in the Hyde letter, that how- ever strong his feeling about Damien it was by no means founded upon any blind idealisation: I have seen sights that cannot be told, and heard stories that cannot be repeated: yet I never admired my poor race so much, nor (strange as it may seem) loved hfe more than in the settlement. A horror of moral beauty broods over the place: that's like bad Victor Hugo, but it is the only way I can express the sense that lived with me all these days. And this even though it was in great part Catholic, and my sympathies flew never with so much difficulty as to- [48 1 FATHER DAMIEN wards Catholic virtues. The passbook kept with heaven stirs me to anger and laughter. One of the sisters calls the place "the ticket office to heaven." Well, what is the odds.^* They do their darg, and do it with kind- ness and efficiency incredible; and we must take folks' virtues as we find them, and love the better part. Of old Damien, whose weaknesses and worse perhaps I heard fully, I think only the more. It was a Eu- ropean peasant: dirty, bigoted, untruth- ful, unwise, tricky, but superb with gener- osity, residual candour, and fundamental good-humour: convince him he had done wrong (it might take hours of insult) and he would undo what he had done and like his corrector better. A man, with all the grime and paltriness of mankind, but a saint and hero all the more for that. The place as re- gards scenery is grand, gloomy, and bleak. Mighty mountain walls descending sheer along the whole face of the island into a sea unusually deep; the front of the mountain ivied and furred with clinging forest, one viridescent cliff : about half-way from east to west, the low, bare, stony promontory edged in between the cliff and the ocean; the two little towns (Kalawao and Kalau- [49] FATHER DAMIEN papa) seated on either side of it, as bare al- most as bathing machines upon a beach ; and the population — gorgons and chima?ras dire. Letters to his wife and to James Payn give further details. At the end of June the Stevensons left Honolulu for a new cruise in the trading schooner Equator — that which ended in Apia, Samoa, and re- sulted in their resolve to make their home there. In February, 1890, they went to Sydney, Australia, intending to go on to England and return to Samoa later in the year ; a plan which was abandoned, as will be remem- bered, because of Stevenson's return- ing illness. In Apia Stevenson had read a report that because of a letter from a mis- sionary in Honolulu a plan to erect a monument to Father Damien had [50] FATHER DAMIEN been given up; and in Sydney he saw in a newspaper Dr. Hyde's let- ter itself. Mrs. Stevenson says: The very journal containing the letter condemnatory of Father Damien was among the first we chanced to open. I shall never forget my husband's ferocity of indignation, his leaping stride as he paced the room holding the offending paper at arm's-length before his eyes that burned and sparkled with a peculiar flashing light. His cousin, Mr. Balfour, in his "Life of Robert Louis Stevenson" says: "His eyes . . . when he was moved to anger or any fierce emotion seemed literally to blaze and glow with a burning light." In another moment he dis- appeared through the doorway, and I could hear him, in his own room, pulling his chair to the table, and the sound of his inkstand being dragged towards him. That afternoon he called us together, my son, my daughter, and myself, saying that he had something serious to lay before us. He went over the circumstances succinctly, and then we three had the incomparable ex- perience of hearing its author read aloud [51] FATHER DAMIEN the defence of Father Damien while it was still red-hot from his indignant soul. As we sat, dazed and overcome by emo- tion, he pointed out to us that the subject- matter was libellous in the highest degree, and the publication of the article might cause the loss of his entire substance. Without our concurrence he would not take such a risk. There was no dissenting voice; how could there be? The paper was published with almost no change or revision, though afterwards my husband said he considered this a mistake. He thought he should have waited for his anger to cool when he might have been more impersonal and less egotistic. He wrote to his mother: I have struck as hard as I knew how; nor do I think my answer can fail to do away (in the minds of all who see it) with the ef- fect of Hyde's incredible and really villain- ous production. What a mercy I wasn't this man's guest in the Morning Star! I think it would have broke my heart. Later, however, he returned to the feeling of which Mrs. Stevenson [52] FATHER DAMIEN speaks in the passage just quoted, for in September, 1890, he wrote to Mrs. Charles Fairchild: It is always harshness that one regrets. ... I regret also my letter to Dr. Hyde. Yes, I do; I think it was barbarously harsh; if I did it now, I would defend Damien no less well, and give less pain to those who are alive. These promptings of good-humour are not all sound; the three times three, cheer boys, cheer, and general amiability business rests on a sneaking love of popu- larity, the most insidious enemy of virtue. On the whole, it was virtuous to defend Damien; but it was harsh to strike so hard at Dr. Hyde. When I wrote the letter, I be- lieved he would bring an action, in which case I knew I could be beggared. And as yet there has come no action; the injured Doctor has contented himself up to now with the (truly innocuous) vengeance of calling me a "Bohemian Crank," and I have deeply wounded one of his colleagues whom I esteemed and liked. Well, such is Hfe. HOME USE CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT MAIN LIBRARY This book is due on the last date stamped below. 1-month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405. 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation Desk. Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date. 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