THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 so 
 
 V
 
 AN ACCOUNT 
 
 liNSTITUTION AND PROGRESS 
 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 DURING A HUNDRED YEARS, 
 FKOM JANUARY, 1787. 
 
 BY 
 W. S. ^y. RUSCHENBERGER, M.D. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 WM. J. DORNAN, PRINTER, 
 
 1887.
 
 Siomedical 
 Library 
 
 I 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Desire to know the origin as well as the conduct of the College 
 of Physicians of Philadelphia during its existence, and also some- 
 thing of its fellows from first to last, prompted this enterprise. 
 
 Except the minutes of proceedings at the meetings, the reports, 
 papers, etc., pertinent to a history of the college, have not been kept 
 together and conveniently arranged for ready reference as they might 
 have been, had an archivist been charged with the care of them. 
 
 Data from many sources had to be collected, verified, and compiled. 
 Assuming that others may be interested in the subject, the result 
 has been printed. It is conjectured that the work, like a register of 
 marriages, births, and deaths, may be convenient for occasional refer- 
 ence by some of the present fellows, as well as by some of those who 
 may hereafter join this somewhat numerous fraternity of physicians — 
 should it hold together and thrive, through all time, as now hoped. 
 This is the only reason offered for spending considerable time and 
 labor, which might have been applied more profitably otherwise than 
 in producing Avhat has little intrinsic value, and is likely to interest few. 
 
 A part only — the first forty-eight pages — was read at a stated 
 meeting of the college, October 6, 1886, probably near the centen- 
 nial anniversary of the conception of the society : the rest has been 
 since added. 
 
 The Roll of the College, prepared in compliance with a suggestion 
 of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, has been placed in an appendix, following 
 lists of the officers, etc. It is defective in many places. In some 
 instances satisfactory records of deceased fellows have not been 
 found ; and some living fellows did not reply to an application to 
 them for desired information. 
 
 The Roll, which has upon it the names of all who have been 
 elected members of the society during the century ending in January, 
 1887, shows that the fellows generally, past and present, have been 
 
 820966
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 and are active in professional work ; sincerely desirous to promote 
 the acquisition and diffusion of medical knowledge ; charitable, in 
 rendering gratuitous service to hospitals and asylums, and benevo- 
 lent in seconding, from time to time, efforts to improve the hygienic 
 conditions of the community, and to prevent the introduction and 
 spread of diseases ; and also, by pointing out the injurious conse- 
 quences arising from the use of adulterated foods and drinks, and 
 whatever is prejudicial to health and life; and in war times a fair 
 proportion always cheerfully served in the army or navy. 
 
 As the purpose of a society is generally expressed in its title, the 
 names of associations joined to that of each fellow on the roll, like 
 catch words, give a clew to the nature of his scientific inclinations, 
 and tell the branch of the profession which he prefers. Collegiate 
 decrees, titles of offices held, names of societies in which enrolled, 
 imply the nature of his education and public occupations. But 
 altoo-ether they do not constitute a standard for the measurement of 
 either his intellectual force or the extent of his acquirements, notwith- 
 standing a popular notion to the contrary. Membership of societies 
 established in his place of residence, signifies that his standing is 
 good among those upon whom election depends, but not necessarily 
 that he has high attainments, for the reason that qualifications are 
 not scanned alike, in all societiess everywhere, before admission of the 
 candidate to pay entrance and annual fees. But enrollment on the 
 lists of first-class medical or scientific associations of distant places, 
 which involve no annual payment, may be accepted in evidence of 
 merit, especially if the number of their members be restricted in any 
 sense. For example, the Royal Academy of Berlin limits its foreign 
 associates to sixteen ; the Royal Society of London to fifty ; the 
 Academy of Paris to eight ; the Academic des Inscriptions et Belles 
 Lettres to eight ; and the Royal Sardinian Academy to six. Persons 
 to fill vacancies on those lists are selected without their knowledge by 
 a council or competent committee, after an impartial scrutiny of their 
 writings and public character, and the names of the proposed candi- 
 dates are then submitted to a vote of the society.^ The electors are 
 
 * Histoire des Sciences et des Savants, depuis deux Siecles. Par Alphonse de 
 CandoUe. Deuxieme edition considerablement augmentee. H. Georg., Geneve- 
 Bale, 1885.
 
 PREFACE. V 
 
 experts in science and, therefore, supposed to know who are qualified 
 to be their peers. None unworthy is likely to pass such an ordeal, 
 but some worthy men are, no doubt, rejected. The honor of an 
 election of the kind is obviously great. The science of medicine 
 has not now a representative among their foreign associates. The 
 names of physicians and surgeons are, however, on their lists of resi- 
 dent or native members. 
 
 It is notable in this connection that only three native American 
 practitioners of medicine have ever been elected fellows of the 
 Royal Society of London ; and other Americans so distinguished 
 have been comparatively few. Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, of Boston, 
 Mass., Avho was the first in America to inoculate for smallpox, 1721, 
 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, July 7, 1726 ; Benjamin 
 Franklin, April 29, 1756: John Morgan, M.D., March 7, 1765, 
 and David Hosack, M.D., of New York, in 1816. Since then no 
 American practitioner has been made a fellow. Americans, besides 
 those just named, who have been so honored, ai*e: Benjamin Thomp- 
 son (Count Rumford), of Woburn, ^lass., elected April 27, 1779 ; 
 James Bowdoin, of Boston, April 3, 1788 ; David Rittenhouse, of 
 Philadelphia, April 16, 1794 ;^ Benjamin Pierce, of Cambridge, 
 Mass., 1852; Henry Darwin Rogers, M.D., of Philadelphia, 1858 
 [he was credited to Scotland, being Professor of Natural History in 
 the University of Glasgow at the time of his election] ; Alexander 
 Dallas Bache, of Philadelphia, 1860; Asa Cray, M.D., of Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., 1873 ; Simon Newcomb, of Washington, D. C, 1877, 
 and James D wight Dana, of New Haven, Conn., 1884. Only 
 thirteen natives of America have been elected within the past one 
 hundred and sixty years. Of these one was born in Nova Scotia, 
 three in New York, four in Philadelphia, and five in Massachusetts. 
 
 The dignity of a physician cannot be justly estimated by member- 
 ship in this or that society, in spite of the adage that "a man i& 
 known by the company he keeps." Since "specialties" — with a 
 society for the cultivation of each of them — have come into fashion, 
 many general practitioners join several such associations, not for the 
 
 ^ History of the Royal Society from its institution to the end of the eighteenth 
 century. By Thomas Thompson, M.D., F.R.S.L. and E. Quarto. London, 1812.
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 sake of renown, but as a pleasant way of keeping pace with progress 
 in branches in which they are interested. Hence it is, perhaps, that 
 many of these societies, holding meetings at different times, are 
 largely composed of the same persons, who meet in different depart- 
 ments of the same workshop. 
 
 Some physicians are conspicuous among their neighbors in the 
 county in which they reside. Some are more or less known through- 
 out the State. The names of a few become generally familiar to all 
 their countrymen. A comparatively small number obtain a world- 
 wide renown, for the reason that professional ministrations, which are 
 serious, private, sometimes confidential in their nature, consist almost 
 exclusively in direct personal services. Such services are not usually 
 witnessed by many spectators. They need to be successfully rendered 
 to very many individuals to establish even a local reputation. jNIedi- 
 cine honestly practised does not afford the materials, the opportunities 
 which lead men to fame. Physicians do become famous, but not by 
 their practice alone. An important discovery, a marked aptitude in 
 teaching or in writing, or eminent success in some collateral science, 
 or in something outside of the profession, lays the foundation of the 
 doctor's fame. For illustration : Edward Jenner is famous because 
 he discovered vaccination; Asa Gray, because he is an eminent 
 botanist; Joseph Leidy, because he is a distinguished naturalist; 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes, because his prose and poetry ever and anon 
 twinkle with genial humor; and Richard J. Gatling, of North 
 Carolina, because he invented a gun which is known by his name. 
 
 Looking through Routledge's Dictionary of Contempoi'aries, 12th 
 edition, January', 1887, Ave find the names of 2060 persons, of both 
 sexes, and many nations. Of the whole number, including Ameri- 
 can cx-presidents, the president and members of his cabinet, 163 
 (0.7815 per cent.) were born in the United States. Ten of them are 
 natives of Philadelphia. All these names belong to the clerical, 
 literary, military, musical, naval, political, scientific, theatrical classes. 
 Among them are 15 surgeons, and 77 holding the degree of M.D., 
 of whom nine are Americans. Two are fellows of this college. 
 According to a necrology appended to the work, 2129 notable per- 
 sons, who were the celebrities of previous editions, died in the course 
 of thirty years, from 1856 to 1886. Fifty-three of these, 2.48 per
 
 PREFACE. Vll 
 
 cent, of the whole number, had obtained the degree of M.D., and 
 also that kind of renown which, in the opinion of the editor, made 
 them eligible to a place among those about whom the public is 
 curious, and, therefore, likely to enhance the commercial value of the 
 book, which is always an object. But the notices are too brief and 
 general for just appraisement of their subjects. The information of 
 the editor enables him to name only about two thousand persons in 
 the Christian world who are conspicuous on account of merit of some 
 kind. About three per cent, of them belong to the medical profes- 
 sion. Of more than fifty millions of citizens of the United States, 
 he knew of only 163 natives suitably qualified to be enrolled among 
 those selected by him to gratify the curiosity of English readers. If 
 his capability to judge be acknowledged, the intellectuality of a com- 
 paratively small number is above the average of Americans ; yet, 
 they have achieved more to promote the common welfare of man 
 than any other people. 
 
 These citations recall a conjecture, long ago uttered by a French 
 naturalist, that the development of all native animals, including man 
 and his intellectual force, is continuously retarded — implying that 
 they are all under such climatic and other influences and conditions in 
 America, that the total extinction of the aboriginal races must follow, 
 sooner or later. Immigrants and their progeny are, of course, under 
 the same natural influences. Therefore, they also must gradually 
 become degraded, and finally extinct in the course of an indefinitely 
 long period. The natives of all localities on the inhabited earth not 
 being alike, equal in their physical and mental endowments, an im- 
 plication from the Frenchman's conjecture is that the native mind 
 here will never grow enough to be properly arranged in the highest 
 class — that its palpable manifestations in any sense, are not likely to 
 rival fairly or excel those of mind grown in Europe — chiefly in Ger- 
 many and Great Britain — which is ours ancestorily, and assumed to 
 be the preeminent mind of the world. The quality of work of all 
 kinds, philosophical, literary, mechanical, executed in past or present 
 times, may be adduced as evidence of the superior intellectual char- 
 acter of those people. If facts sustain this notion, it may be well to 
 learn what they are; for truth — often the sole reward of that love of 
 truth which prompts quest of truth for the truth's sake — should
 
 Vlll PREFACE, 
 
 always be sought. Whatever it may be, ignorance or knowledge of 
 it cannot alter any relative condition. Proper scrutiny is likely to 
 prove the conjecture wholly untenable. In that event the time will 
 come when native Americans will paint original pictures, make 
 statues, write and enact original dramas and operas, cast chiming 
 church bells, and do whatever need or taste may suggest, as perfectly 
 as any other people ; and then the names of eminent native Ameri- 
 cans may be often found on the lists of foreign members of learned 
 societies of the first class in Europe. 
 
 The roll shows that of the 496 fellows elected, 29 have resigned, 
 24 have forfeited fellowship by neglecting to pay in due time their 
 annual contributions under the law, and 208 have died fellows of 
 the college, leaving 235 living, of whom 29 are non-resident, and, 
 therefore, exempt from contributions. 
 
 Of the 64 American associate fellows elected, 84 have died ; and 
 of the 30 foreign associate felloAvs elected, 15 are dead. There are 
 five corresponding members. 
 
 In his quest for information on many points the compiler has been 
 helped in his work. He takes pleasure in acknowledging himself 
 indebted to the Rev. Jesse Y. Burke, Secretary of the University of 
 Pennsylvania ; to the late Lloyd P. Smith, Librarian of the Phila- 
 delphia Library Company, and Mr. Kumford Samuels, Assistant 
 Librarian in the Ridgway Branch ; to Mr. Frederick D. Stone, 
 Librarian of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; to ^Ir. John 
 Edmands, Librarian of the Mercantile Librar^^; to Dr. Joseph M. 
 I Toner, of Washington, D, C. ; to Mr. Thompson Westcott, of Phila- 
 ^ I delphia; to Mr. Charles J. Fisher, Assistant Librarian, and Miss 
 ' Emily Thomas, his aid, of the College of Physicians, as well as to 
 many fellows of the college. 
 
 1932 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Xov. 1887.
 
 AN ACCOUNT 
 
 INSTITUTION OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 By 
 
 W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER, M.D. 
 
 [Read October 6, 1886.] 
 
 The formation of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia has 
 not been traced to any one member of the profession. Its genesis 
 began before the middle and during the closing half of the eighteenth 
 century, and within the first decade of our national life. 
 
 Under the provincial government, society in Philadelphia was 
 essentially as refined and cultivated as it is in the present day. Then 
 as now, men of high order of intellect, character, and education were 
 among its citizens. They influenced others to join in enterprises to 
 provide for the public wants of the young and growing community, 
 as rapidly as means permitted. Societies were formed for charitable 
 and other uses. The Philadelphia Library Company (1731); the 
 American Philosophical Society (1743); the Pennsylvania Hospital 
 (1752); the College of Philadeli^hia (1755); the Medical School 
 (1765) ; the American Medical Society (1773) ; an Abolition Society, 
 1774 (which increased its membership and enlarged its purposes in 
 1787); the Humane Society, for resuscitation of drowned persons 
 (1780);^ a Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785); the Philadel- 
 
 ^ The phj^sicians of the Humane Society, August, 1787, were John Jones, 
 President; Benjamin Rush, Benjamin DufBeld, Caspar Wistar, Samuel P. 
 Griffitts, J. R. B. Rodgers. — American Museum, 1787. 
 
 1
 
 2 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 phia Dispensary (1786) ; and the United Company for Promoting 
 Manufactures, before which Robert Stretel Jones, Esq., delivered an 
 oration, March, 1777 ; ' are indicative of the active public spirit of the 
 period. 
 
 Institutions for the common welfare, though designed for the attain- 
 ment of different objects, are in some sense akin. The establishment 
 of one leads to the setting up of another. The experience of one 
 lends help to another, in the way of example ; possibly observation 
 and comparison of methods of conduct in the older organizations 
 may teach the juniors the wisdom of administration. In such aspect, 
 corporate bodies seem to have a pedigree, direct and collateral, like 
 men. 
 
 We are told, for example, that in his boyhood Benjamin Franklin 
 had probably been present with his father at meetings of some of the 
 Boston Benefit Societies, devised by Cotton Mather,^ and that, at 
 Philadelphia in the autumn of 1727, imitating their plan he formed 
 most of his ingenious acquaintances (mostly journeyman mechanics 
 like himself at that time) into the famous club called the Junto, the 
 declared purpose of which was the improvement of its members and 
 their fellow-citizens in virtue and practical wisdom. The Junto Avas 
 restricted to twelve members, and their proceedings were designed to 
 be kept secret. But attractive whisperings about them got out, and 
 " caused frequent applications for admission to the charmed circle of 
 the leather-aproned philosophers. The founder of the club at length 
 proposed that each member of the Junto should form a subordinate 
 club (another idea from Cotton ^Mather), Avhich should report its pro- 
 ceedings to the parent society, and thus extend the area of its in- 
 fluence. Five or six of these subordinate clubs were formed, which 
 were called by such names as the Vine, the Union, and the Hand."' 
 
 The Junto met every Friday evening at tavern, or ale-house, 
 during the first three years of the club's existence, but afterward "in 
 a little room of Mr. Grace's set apart for that purpose." Sometimes 
 the grave proceedings were enlivened with wine and songs, some of 
 
 ' Columbian Magazine, vol. 5, p. 175. 
 
 * Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin, by James Parton. London, New 
 York, and Philadelphia, 18G4. Vol. i. p. 154. 
 
 * Parton's Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 3 
 
 which were written and sung by Franklin himself. After the club 
 was established in the house of Mr. Robert Grace, who was one of the 
 members, Franklin suggested, in 1730, that as their books were often 
 referred to in their discussions, it would be well for the sake of con- 
 venience to keep all their books where they met, and in this way 
 give each the advantage of using the books of all the other members.^ 
 
 The plan of the Philadelphia Library Company, which he pub- 
 lished early in 1731, was an outcome of this idea. 
 
 The Junto, long known in Philadelphia as the leathern apron club, 
 continued during many years. When the activity of its members 
 abated or ceased, it seems that the name was assumed by others, and 
 a new Junto was formed probably in February, 1750, which revised 
 its rules and changed, its title, December, 1766, to " The American 
 Society for Promoting and Propagating Useful Knowledge, held at 
 Philadelphia," and enlarged its roll of members. 
 
 May 25, 1743, Benjamin Franklin issued a circular, entitled "A 
 Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Planta- 
 tions in America," in which he recommended "that one society be 
 formed of virtuosi, or ingenious men, residing in the several colonies, 
 to be called The American Philosophical Society." It is supposed 
 that the proposition had been discussed in the original Junto. The 
 Society was formed in accordance with the plan submitted, but after 
 some years became inactive. About the year 1767 it was revived 
 and carried on with much spirit. 
 
 It was proposed in 1768 to unite The American Society and The 
 American Philosophical Society, under the name of The American 
 Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful 
 Knowledge. The terms of union were agreed upon. The spirit of 
 the ancient Junto transmigrated from the dead corporations into the 
 new organization, and, as if in commemoration of its ancestry, its 
 stated meetings have been held ever since on Friday, as were those 
 of the first Junto as well as of all its offspring. 
 
 The purpose of this organization was very broad — to foster the 
 
 ' Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, edited from his manuscript, with 
 notes and an introduction by John Bigelow. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadel- 
 phia, 18G8.
 
 4 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 cultivation of all useful knowledge. The Tranmctioyis show that 
 attention was given to questions in physics, natural history, medicine, 
 until institutions for each special subject gradually narroAved the field. 
 This sort of segregation continues in every grand department of 
 science, very considerably abating the activity of those societies 
 which were established to encourage the pursuit of one great subject 
 in all its branches. The special seems to be everywhere superseding 
 general science. 
 
 On Friday, January 2, 1769, the new society held its first meet- 
 ing,^ at which Dr. Franklin was elected President, and Dr. Thomas 
 Cadwalader, Dr. Thomas Bond, and Joseph Galloway, Esq., Vice- 
 Presidents. The total number of members then was 251, of whom 
 124 resided in the city and county. Seventeen of them were among 
 the founders of the College of Physicians. 
 
 At that time the American Philosophical Society had no perma- 
 nent abode. Its meetings were held sometimes in the State House, 
 sometimes at the house of a member, but more frequently in the 
 building known at different times as the Academy, the College of 
 Philadelphia, the University ; the apartment in which the Society 
 usually met was commonly called Philosophical Hall. 
 
 The building which it now occupies (lO-l South Fifth Street) was 
 so far advanced in construction that the Society met in it for the 
 first time Nov. 21, 1789.- 
 
 Another example of institutional heredity may be cited, which has 
 connection with the College of Physicians. 
 
 We are told that, perceiving the lack of provision for a complete 
 education, as neither college nor high school existed in the Province, 
 Benjamin Franklin, in 1743, devised a plan for an academy and 
 confided its realization to the Rev. Richard Peters. He did not 
 attempt to execute the project. In 1749, Franklin recurred to it 
 
 ' Discourse of Dr. Robert M. Patterson, at the Celebration of the Hundredth 
 Anniversary, May 25, 1843, in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical 
 Society, held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge, vol. iii. No. 27, 
 May 25-30, 1843. 
 
 * Commemoration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Incorporation of the 
 American Philosophical Society. Address of the President, Frederick Fralev, 
 LL.D.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OP PHILADELPHIA. 5 
 
 and secured the cooperation of friends. Twenty-four gentlemen 
 associated together as a Board of Trustees, formed rules for the con- 
 duct of the proposed institution, and signed them Nov. 13, 1749. 
 The next day they subscribed money liberally among themselves to 
 carry on the work. 
 
 In December, 1749, they procured a lot and a large church build- 
 ing, covering an area of 70 by 120 feet, which had been constructed 
 thereon for the use of the Rev. George Whitfield, a celebrated " New- 
 light" Presbyterian preacher, near the southwest corner of Fourth 
 and Arch Streets. Alterations were made in the edifice to adapt it 
 properly to its new purposes, and, in 1751, the pupils, who from 
 1750 had been taught in private houses, were introduced into the 
 building, known from that time as "The Academy." Here they 
 were taught by three masters aided by ushers, Latin, English, and 
 mathematics. They numbered "little short of 300," April 5, 1752 ;^ 
 and Richard Peters wrote to a friend, 1753, that the Academy was 
 in great repute, and had 165 boys from neighboring colonies.^ 
 
 "■ The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the 
 Province of Pennsylvania, " were incorporated July 13, 1753. 
 
 The Proprietors granted an additional charter INIay 14, 1755, in 
 which the style of the board was changed to " The Trustees of the 
 College, Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia," reciting 
 and confirming all the franchises and powers of the first, with the 
 further power of conferring degrees.^ 
 
 At the first Commencement of the College of Philadelphia, May 
 17, 1757, there were seven graduates, one of whom Avas John Mor- 
 gan. 
 
 In 1762, an additional building was erected on the lot, designed 
 in part as a residence of pupils whose homes were not in the city. 
 
 ^ Pennsylvania Letters, Portfolio, January, 1813. 
 
 2 John F. Watson, MS. Annals of Philadelphia, p. 76. Collection of the 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ' For a description and an account of the Academy and College of Philadel- 
 phia in detail, see The American Magazine and Monthly Chronicle of the 
 British Colonies, vol. i., from October, 1757, to October, 1758. By a Society of 
 Gentlemen. Printed and sold by Thomas Bradford, at the corner house at 
 Front and Market Streets. Pp. 630-641.
 
 6 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Upon the plant rooted in these premises was grafted the first 
 medical school in the country which, in time, grew to be the most 
 fruitful and renowned of its branches. 
 
 Immediately after his return from Europe, Dr. John ^Morgan sub- 
 mitted to the Board of Trustees of the College of Philadelphia, a 
 scheme of medical professorships, to be added to the College. His 
 communication was accompanied by letters from the Hon. Thomas 
 Penn and others in England, recommending the Doctor and his 
 plan. At the time, Thomas Bond, Phineas Bond, Thomas Cad- 
 walader, William Shippen, Sr., and John Redman — five prominent 
 physicians — were of the Board. The Trustees adopted the proposed 
 plan May 3, 1765, and appointed Dr. Morgan professor of the 
 theory and practice of medicine. 
 
 At the Annual Commencement of the College of Philadelphia, 
 held May 30 and 31, 1765, Dr. Morgan delivered an appropriate 
 "Discourse upon the Institution of Medical Schools in America." 
 
 Dr. William Shippen, Jr., who had given three successive courses 
 of lectures on anatomy, the first beginning November 26, 1762, was 
 appointed Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, September 17, 1765. 
 The Provost of the College, the five physicians of the Board of 
 Trustees, and the two professors united and formed a code of rules 
 for the new establishment.^ 
 
 The two professors delivered their introductory lectures Novem- 
 ber 18, 1765. In addition to the practice of medicine. Dr. Morgan 
 taught materia medica and read lectures on chemistry for three years, 
 and Dr. Shippen, besides anatomy and surgery, taught midwifery. 
 
 In 1768, Dr. Adam Kuhn was elected professor of materia medica 
 and botany; and Dr. Thomas Bond^ (who was one of the physicians 
 of the Pennsylvania Hospital, which was started in a rented house 
 
 ' Eulogiura on Doctor William Shippen, delivered before the College of Phy- 
 sicians of Philadelphia, March, 1809. By Doctor Caspar Wistar, one of the 
 Censors. Published May, 1818, after Dr. Wistar's death. Vol. 8, Pamphlets, 
 Libr. Coll. of Phys. Phila. 
 
 Both Drs. Morgan and Shippen seem to have used the word "school " as a 
 synonyme of the word profes.=orship. 
 
 * History of the Pennsylvania Hospital. By George B. Wood, M.D.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 7 
 
 on the south side of Market Street west of Fifth, in February, 1752) 
 professor of clinical medicine. 
 
 The next year, 1769, Dr. Benjamin Rush, on his return from 
 Europe, Avas appointed professor of chemistry, chiefly on the recom- 
 mendation of Dr. William Cullen, of the University of Edinburgh, 
 conveyed in a letter to Dr. John Morgan.^ 
 
 At the first medical commencement held in America, the degree 
 of Bachelor of Medicine was conferred by the College of Philadel- 
 phia on ten of its students, June 21, 1768.* This notable ceremony 
 took place in the building of the College on Fourth south of Arch 
 Street.^ 
 
 All the medical professors could not be accommodated in the col- 
 lege buildings. Apartments suitable for teaching anatomy had been 
 constructed by Dr. Shippen, 1762—63, for the use of his private 
 classes, in the rear of his father's residence on Fourth Street north 
 of Market. The entrance to them was by an alley- way from Market 
 Street Avest of Fourth Street. After he was installed professor he 
 taught the college classes in these rooms until Anatomical Hall was 
 built. 
 
 That building, a picture of which is among Bii'clis Views of 
 Philadelphia, published in 1799, stood on Fifth Street, 112 feet north 
 of Walnut Street. The Commonwealth conveyed the piece of land 
 on which it stood to the University of the State of Pennsylvania, 
 September 22, 1785. 
 
 1 In the Rush Manuscripts, Eidgeway Branch of the Philadelphia Library, 
 vol. 24, p. 64, is a copy of the letter from Dr. William Cullen, Edinburgh, Sep- 
 tember 18, 1768, to Dr. .John Morgan, recommending the appointment of Dr. 
 Rush to the chair of chemistry. 
 
 2 History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 By Joseph Carson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1869. 
 
 ^ On the site of the old building is a tall structure which, until very recently 
 — 1886 — was occupied as a shoe factory. 
 
 The building known as the Academy, as the College of Philadelphia, as the 
 University of the State of Pennsylvania, and as the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, was erected in 1740, by those who seceded from the Presbyterian Church 
 to follow " the new light " teaching of the Rev. George "Whitfield. The lot 
 was 198 by 150 feet. The church edifice, which was 70 by 120 feet, stood 66 
 feet west of Fourth Street, between Market and Arch Streets. See A Picture 
 of Philadelphia. By James Mease, M.D., Philadelphia, 1811.
 
 8 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Anatomical Hall, sometimes called the Laboratory, was in use 
 several years after the University, in 1802, took possession of the 
 premises on Ninth Street north of Chestnut. About April, 1806, 
 it was rented to the Board of Health, which occupied the first floor 
 and sublet the second, April 1, 1807, for five years to Drs. Thomas 
 C. James and Nathaniel Chapman. 
 
 In 1840, the house No, 131 South Fifth Street, took its place. 
 
 The Philadelphia Dispensary, instituted April 12, 1786, is some 
 feet north of the site of Anatomical Hall. The attending physicians 
 of the Dispensai'y, then first appointed, were Samuel P. Griffitts, 
 John Morris, AVilliam Clarkson, John R. B. Rogers, Caspar Wistar, 
 and Michael Leib ; and the consulting physicians and surgeons were 
 John Jones, William Shippen, Jr., Adam Kuhn, and Benjamin Rush, 
 all of them Fellows of the College of Physicians, in 1787. 
 
 The Medical School of the College of Philadelphia begun in 1765, 
 continued in operation till June 1, 1777, when all the departments of 
 the College were closed' in consequence of the occupation of the city 
 by the British army, and were not opened again till September 25, 
 1778 — sixteen months. 
 
 November 27, 1779, the Legislature of Pennsylvania incorporated 
 the University of the State of Pennsylvania, for which a Board of 
 Trustees was appointed, abrogated the charter of the college, dis- 
 missed its officers, confiscated all its possessions, and transferred 
 them with other confiscated estates to the new institution. 
 
 The reasons assigned for this radical measure were that the charter 
 of the college required its trustees to take the oath of allegiance to 
 the Sovereign of Great Britain, and that some of them had been and 
 were actively hostile to the interests of America, giving aid and com- 
 fort to the enemy. 
 
 The trustees of the new university held their first meeting in De- 
 cember, 1779, organized the board and filled several of the professor- 
 ships. There was difficulty in establishing the medical department. 
 Temporary arrangements were made which prevented its suspension. 
 In the autumn of 1783, however, those who had been professors of 
 the College of Philadelphia accepted appointments from the Univer- 
 
 ^ Minutes of the Board of Trustees.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 9 
 
 sity of the State of Pennsylvania. The conduct and progress of the 
 new institution were satisfactory ; but the trustees and friends of the 
 extinct College of Philadelphia did not acquiesce and rest passively 
 under the sequestration of their charter and property. 
 
 At their instance, no doubt, the Legislature enacted a law, March 
 
 6, 1789, by a great majority^ Avhich reinstated the College of Phila- 
 delphia, and restored to it all its estates, franchises, and privileges. 
 The University of the State of Pennsylvania was ejected from the 
 premises, but retained the other confiscated properties which had 
 been given to it. Rooms in the new hall of the American Philo- 
 sophical Society were leased in March, 1789, and the institution con- 
 tinued in operation. 
 
 Three days after this act of restoration^ fourteen of the twenty- 
 four original Trustees of the College of Philadelphia met March 9, 
 1789, at the residence of Dr. Franklin, and filled the vacancies in 
 the board caused by death or desertion during the revolution. In 
 the course of a month or two the schools were again opened, and the 
 college was again in full operation. 
 
 It soon became apparent that the separate existence of the two in- 
 stitutions was incompatible with the successful progress of either. 
 For such reason they agreed to combine. An act was obtained from 
 the Legislature, September 30, 1791, which united the two corpora- 
 tions under the title of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 This outline of the pedigree of the first medical school established 
 in America may indicate the associations and site of its origin. The 
 locality of an important event, such as a great battle, long retains a 
 vague attractiveness. The birthplace of an illustrious man has an 
 interest for those who appreciate his work which lasts for ages after 
 his death. For such reason it may be pleasing to remember that 
 within the walls of the old Academy, where the medical school was 
 born, the College of Physicians was organized, and held its stated 
 meetings during several years. 
 
 1 The act restoring its franchises, etc., to the College of Philadelphia, was 
 passed March 4, 1789, by yeas 44, nays 18. See Pennsylvania Packet, March 
 
 7, 1798, Proceedings of the General Assembly. 
 
 ^ Minutes of the Trustees of the University of the State of Pennsylvania. 
 History of the University of Pennsylvania. By George B. Wood, M.D., etc. 
 
 ?
 
 10 RUSCUENBERGER, 
 
 Besides its connection witli the institution first established in the 
 Province of Pennsylvania, the College of Physicians is related — in 
 a remote degree, however — to some of the earliest practitioners. 
 
 The physicians who came to the Province of Pennsylvania with 
 the first settlers in 1682, were Thomas AVynne and .(grriflfith Owen, 
 both Welshmen. ♦ ; 
 
 Dr. AVynne is said to have" practised in London with reputation, 
 but he soon engaged in the political affairs of the colony, and died ten 
 years after his arrival in Philadelphia. Edward Jones, of Merion, 
 a pupil and son-in-law of Dr. \Yynne, educated his son, Evan, in 
 medicine. Evan became the preceptor of Thomas Cadwalader, who 
 in turn assisted in teaching John Jones, a son of Evan, who was the 
 first Vice-President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 Griffith Owen, who was highly respected for his talents, integrity, 
 and spirit, seems to have been the leading practitioner in the city. 
 He died in 1717, at the age of about seventy years. In this same 
 year Dr. Graeme, a man of excellent education and agreeable manners, 
 of about thirty years of age, came from Great Britain with the Gov- 
 ernor, Sir William Keith. He obtained the confidence and respect 
 of his fellow colonists, and consequently a good practice. He was 
 preceded, however, during a considerable time by Dr. John Kearsley, 
 who came in quest of professional business. 
 
 Dr. Kearsley was for a long time a very industrious practitioner of 
 medicine and surgery. The building of Christ Church is ascribed 
 lai'gely to his personal attention and influence. He founded and en- 
 dowed Christ Church Hospital for poor widows. 
 
 He was the professional master of Dr. John Redman, the first 
 President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, as well as of 
 the worthy Dr. John Bard, of New York. 
 
 At the time these gentlemen flourished, the number of residents 
 in the city Avas not great. The population of Philadelphia, in July, 
 1750, was estimated at 16,000 ; according to the census made by 
 Lord Cornwallis, in 1777, it was 23,784;' and in 1785 at about 
 25,000. The first census of the United States was taken in 1790, 
 then the population of the County of Philadelphia was 54,391. 
 
 ^ Pennsylvania Letters, Portfolio, vol. 1. Philadelphia, 1813.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 11 
 
 In the provincial times and long afterward, people generally asked 
 the advice of a physician only after domestic remedies had foiled, or 
 when surgical aid was needed, or in cases of difficult childbirth. 
 
 Before the establishment of the medical department of the College 
 of Philadelphia, the colonist who sought a medical career was bound 
 apprentice to some well-known practitioner — the fame of the physi- 
 cians of the city brought them many apprentices from distant points 
 — and worked and studied under his directions six years, and then 
 went to England or Scotland to complete his education. John 
 Morgan and Benjamin Rush, for example, served an apprenticeship 
 of six years with Dr. John Redman, and then went to Europe to 
 finish their studies. 
 
 Some from lack of means to follow this course at the end of their 
 apprenticeship, without other qualifications than those derived from 
 the instructions of the master, in compounding his prescriptions, and 
 witnessing his treatment of cases, at once began to practise, the title 
 of doctor coming to them directly from the people without diploma 
 fee. They were successful and respected; some of them were dis- 
 tinguished in the community. It is pleasant to cite two of them 
 here. 
 
 One of the apprentices of Dr. John Kearsley, Dr. Lloyd Zachary, 
 who began to practise medicine between 1720 and 1730, died in the 
 year 1756, having received all his education in this city. He was 
 greatly and deservedly respected. He was among the founders of 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital and of the College of Philadelphia, and a 
 liberal contributor to both institutions. He and Drs. Thomas and 
 Phineas Bond were the physicians first appointed to the hospital. 
 
 Dr. William Shippen, the elder, who was born in Philadelphia, 
 October 1, 1712, and died November 4, 1801, was one of the many 
 apprentices of Dr. John Kearsley, represented to have been a very 
 rigorous master. Though restricted to the educational resources of 
 the city, Dr. Shippen held equal professional rank with his contem- 
 poraries in public estimation, and actively participated Avith them in 
 promoting the interests of public institutions.^ 
 
 1 In his Eulogium on Dr. William Shippen, Jr., Dr. Wistar s&ys, "Dr. 
 Shippen, Senior, was educated wholly in Philadelphia Yet by the
 
 12 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 On his return from Europe Dr. Thomas Cadwalacler (a grandson 
 of Edward Jones, of Morion), who had studied anatomy with Chesel- 
 den, "made dissections and demonstrations, 1752, for the instruction 
 of Dr. Shippen, the elder, and some others who had not been 
 abroad." This was probably the first work of the kind ever done in 
 Pennsylvania.^ 
 
 Dr. William Shippen, the elder, it is stated, applied himself at an 
 early age to the study of medicine, for " which he had a remarkable 
 genius, possessing that kind of instinctive knowledge of diseases 
 which cannot be acquired from books." Being congratulated upon 
 the success of his practice, he replied, "My friend ! Nature does a 
 great deal, and the grave covers up our mistakes." Animated by a 
 patriotic desire to remedy the then lack of means for medical educa- 
 tion in the colonies, he trained his son to the profession, sent him to 
 Europe, and on his return, in 1762, encouraged him to deliver a 
 series of lectures on anatomy. He thus prepared the way to the 
 establishment of the first medical school in America. 
 
 He was elected a member of the Continental Congress by the 
 Assembly of Pennsylvania, November 20, 1778, and reelected No- 
 vember 13, 1779. He devoted himself to the duties of his office, 
 and won general approbation. 
 
 He was a member of the American Philosophical Society from 
 November, 1767 ; and a vice-president in 1779-80. He was one of 
 the founders of the Second Presbyterian Church, of which he was a 
 member nearly sixty years. His mode of living was simple ; he 
 had tasted neither wine nor spirits until his last illness. It was said 
 
 force of his native genius, he rose to a very respectable rank among his col- 
 leagues, who had the benefit of education in Europe on a liberal and extensive 
 plan." See Pamphlets, vol. 8 ; Library of the College of Physicians of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 1 The Eclectic Eepertory and Analytical Eeview, vol. viii. Philadelphia, 
 1818. 
 
 It is stated in a note, p. 14, Biographia Americana, by a gentleman of Phila- 
 delphia, published by D. Mallory, New York, 1825, that " in 1750 Dr. John 
 Bard dissected the body of Hermanus Carroll, who had been executed for 
 murder; and injected the bloodvessels for the use of his pupils." Dr. John 
 Bard was the first to teach anatomy on this side of the Atlantic by demonstra- 
 tion.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 13 
 
 that his temper was never ruffled, and that his benevolence was 
 without stint. ^ 
 
 In those times there were few apothecaries. Christopher Marshall, 
 who was a retired druggist when the War of Independence began, 
 was succeeded in the business in turn by several of his name — lineal 
 descendants — all reputable men. Sharp and William Delaney were 
 long established at the sign of the Fothergill Head, on the west side 
 of Second Street between Chestnut and Market Streets, and sold 
 drugs and medicines. Those were prominent names in the trade. 
 The names of ten druggists are in the City Directory of 1785. 
 
 Physicians, aided by their apprentices, dispensed whatever medi- 
 cines they prescribed. Dr. Rush imported from London the drugs 
 used in his own business. Other practitioners probably did the 
 same. 
 
 It js related that Dr. Rush, during the prevalence of yellow fever 
 in 1793, kept three of his apprentices employed, night and day, in 
 putting up powders of calomel and jalap — "ten and ten" — or 
 calomel and rhubarb, which he gave to his fever patients. He 
 asserted, substantially, that yellow fever with opportune and free 
 venesection and the use of mercury — purging with calomel and jalap 
 — was as much under control as intermittent ; that no case died after 
 salivation was induced. Dr. Samuel P. Griffitts was bled by Dr. 
 Rush seven times in five days,^ and survived the treatment very 
 many years. 
 
 Many of the inhabited streets of the small provincial city were 
 unpaved. Their clayey soil softened on rainy days, adhered to the 
 shoes of pedestrians and impeded their progress. Only the most 
 prosperous physicians rode on horseback to visit their patients. The 
 majority of practitioners had to go on foot in all kinds of weather, 
 and at night light their way with a lantern in hand or borne by a 
 servant in advance. 
 
 All through this long period referred to there were nostrum 
 mongers and charlatans as now. A Dr. Le Mayeur advertised 
 
 * Thomas Balch, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 
 Philadelphia, 1877. Vol. 1, p. 12. 
 
 * Rush MS., vol. 36 ; Ridgeway Branch of the Philadelphia Library.
 
 14 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 (1784) that he transplanted teeth, and would give two guineas for 
 each front tooth the owner would permit him to draw.^ Dr. Hugh 
 Martin cured cancers Avith a purely vegetable powder, which nobody 
 else knew how to make. In popular estimation it was efficacious. 
 Under a belief that he had died without confiding the secret of its 
 composition to any person, Dr. Rush procured from his executors a 
 few ounces of the powder to use in a case, and endeavored to dis- 
 cover it ; he examined the powder and reported to the American 
 Philosophical Society that it contained arsenic. 
 
 Dr. Martin had been one of Dr. Rush's apprentices, and was sur- 
 geon of a Pennsylvania regiment at Fort Pitt. He died early in 
 1784. 
 
 Dr. Rush says : "It gave me great pleasure to witness the efficacy 
 of the doctor's applications. In several cancerous ulcers the cures 
 were complete. Where the cancers were connected with the. lym- 
 phatic system, or accompanied by a scrophulous habit of body, his 
 medicine always failed, and in some instances did evident mischief."* 
 
 There were few if any of those dazzling yet transient medical 
 lights, so frequent now in great cities, who may be called charla- 
 tanoids. As a rule, they are regularly trained, but not profoundly 
 learned, charmingly urbane doctors who observe the law, but do not 
 despise those indirect ways which are not absolutely in conflict with 
 its letter. They are known by their showy equipages and liveries, 
 as well as by an occasional scientific or literary essay, nicely and 
 opportunely prepared to please the general readers of current maga- 
 zines. The love of the charlatanoid for veracity is never so rigidly 
 exclusive as to prevent him from flirting with fiction whenever a 
 chance of substantial gain is discerned. 
 
 But there was no want of self-respecting, scrupulously conscientious 
 practitioners — some without diploma — who did all their work faith- 
 fully, without ostentation. Specialists were not known. All were 
 general practitioners, though some were noted for skill in particular 
 
 ^ Watson's Annals of Philadelphia, vol. 1. 
 
 * An Account of the late Dr. Hugh Martin's Cancer Powder, with Brief Ob- 
 servations on Cancer. By Benjamin Bush, M.D., etc. Read February 3, 1786. 
 — Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 2, p. 212.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 15 
 
 lines of practice. They were honest, and willing to increase and 
 diffuse medical knowledge. 
 
 The Philadeljihia Medical Society, the first medical society estab- 
 lished in the city, was begun, probably about 1766 or 1767, by Dr. 
 John Morgan and others, including Drs. J. Kearsley, Jr., Gerardus 
 Clarkson, James A. Bayard, Robert Harris, and George Glentworth. 
 No record of its proceedings has been found. It did not survive the 
 revolution.^ 
 
 Students who came to Philadelphia from different parts of the 
 country to attend medical lectures, founded in 1773 the American 
 Medical Society. According to its published constitution, it was com- 
 posed of senior and junior members. Stated meetings were held in 
 the building of the college every Monday evening, from the first 
 Monday in November until the second Monday in February. Some 
 of the papers read before it were published; for example, "A Case of 
 Scrophula. Read before the American Medical Society, January 7, 
 1785, by Samuel Knox, of York Co., Pa." '' " Two Cases of Hepa- 
 titis. Read before the American Medical Society, January 27, 1787, 
 by John Purnell, of Maryland."^ 
 
 The officers of the Society, in 1790, were William Shippen, M.D., 
 President; William B. Duffield, A.M., Vice-President; Henry Stuber, 
 M.B., Treasurer and Perpetual Secretary; and John Baldwin, A.M., 
 Annual Secretary.^ 
 
 Dr. Henry Stuber died May, 1792, at the early age of twenty- 
 four. He seems to have possessed more than average ability and 
 unusual attainments. His merits are related in verse by John Swan- 
 wick,^ a poet of that time. 
 
 ^ A History of the ]Medieal Department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 By Joseph Carson, M.D., etc. 
 
 The Philadelphia Medical Society, instituted in 1789, was first incorporated 
 in 1792, and rechartered in 1827. 
 
 ^ Columbian Magazine, for July, 1790. 
 
 ' Columbian Magazine, for May, 1790. 
 
 * Columbian Magazine, April, 1790, vol. 4, pp. 206-8. 
 
 * Columbian Magazine, May, 1792. 
 
 Poems on Several Occasions. By John .Swanwick, Esq., one of the Kepre- 
 sentatives in the Congress of the United States from the State of Pennsylvania. 
 16mo., Philadelphia, 1797. 
 
 Henry Stuber was, in 1781, a pupil in the German school.
 
 16 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 As long as the Province of Pennsylvania was under the flag of 
 Great Britain, intercourse between the medical men of Philadelphia 
 and those of England and Scotland was very kindly. Many of them 
 had been students in the Edinburgh and London schools. The 
 friendships which they had formed while abroad were maintained 
 long after they returned home through frequent exchange of letters. 
 The medical school of Edinburgh and its professors were highly 
 esteemed here. Their theories were generally accepted, and their 
 methods imitated. The War of Independence did not sunder the 
 ties of professional brotherhood. The College of Physicians, to 
 manifest its sympathy on the occasion, appointed, May 4, 1790, Dr. 
 Rush to deliver an eulogium in honor of the late Dr. William Cullen, 
 Professor of Physic in the University of Edinburgh.^ 
 
 As soon as the "stars and stripes " were recognized by the govern- 
 ment of Great Britain as a symbol of an independent nation, several 
 medical men of Philadelphia visited the British schools. In the 
 letters of some of them statements are made which are of sufficient 
 interest to be repeated now. 
 
 Dr. James Hall, by advice of Dr. Lettsom, had become a pupil, 
 for anatomical instruction in London, of the celebrated surgeon ]\Ir. 
 Cline. 
 
 Dr. Hall wrote to Dr. Rush, October 18, 1 783 : " I was not a little 
 surprised at the distinction they make here in the hospitals between a 
 physician's and a surgeon's pupil. I expected Avhen I had paid my 
 ^50, that I was entitled to every advantage the hospital afforded ; and 
 when I first became a dresser I used to go through the ward every day 
 with a physician in order to see him prescribe for his patients, but I 
 was told at last that it was a privilege I Avas not entitled to ; that 
 unless I paid a separate fee to a physician I could not be allowed 
 
 1 An Eulogium in honor of the late Dr. William Cullen, Professor of the 
 Practice of Physic in the University of Edinburgh. Delivered before the 
 College of Physicians of Philadelphia, on the 9th of July, agreeably to their 
 vote on the 4th of May, 1790. By Benjamin Rush, M.D., Professor of the 
 Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Philadelphia. Published by 
 order of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Printed by Thomas Dob- 
 son, Philadelphia, 1790. 
 
 Published also in the Columbian Magazine.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 17 
 
 that advantage. On the other hand, a physician's pupil has no right 
 to attend any of the surgical operations in the hospital. The fee to a 
 physician is twenty-two guineas. I was certain I could not afford it. 
 Neither is it possible to do the duties of both without neglecting each 
 of them. Dr. Crawford was last week elected physician to St. 
 Thomas' Hospital — perhaps I may get some instruction from him." 
 
 Again, March 4, 1784, he says he is attending the lectures of 
 John Hunter, "more for the "name of the thing than anything else " 
 (parenthetically it may be said that this is an unconscious expres- 
 sion of homage, a tribute to the fame of John Hunter). "'Dr. Wistar 
 lives in the same house with me ; we attend him together."^ 
 
 Dr. James Lyons states, London, September 6, 1784, that he was 
 much indebted to Mr. \Yistar's friendship for the loan of his notes, 
 taken very fully from the lectures of John Hunter last winter.^ 
 
 Dr. John Rodgers says, London, August 9, 1784, "but I am 
 somewhat disappointed in my high-raised expectations of its medical 
 perfections. I am persuaded that medicine is taught more scientifi- 
 cally in Philadelphia than in London, and that our teachers are more 
 attentive to the improvement of their pupils than they are here. The 
 hospitals here afford great numbers of chirurgical cases, but yet the 
 distinction between the physician's and surgeon's pupils prevents the 
 students from seeing the prescriptions of the one and the chirurgical 
 practice of the other, and the fees to accommodate this matter are 
 monstrously enormous." 
 
 Dr. John R. B. Rodgers wrote, London, July 7, 1784, Dr. Grif- 
 fitts "returns to Philadelphia with a high idea of our University; 
 he will be able to tell you, what he has often told me, that he has re- 
 ceived more satisfaction and improvement from his medical masters 
 in Philadelphia than anywhere else."^ 
 
 The coming of the College of Physicians is foreshadowed in the 
 following extracts : 
 
 Dr. Francis Rigby Brodbelt, of Spanish Town, Jamaica, wrote 
 June 25, 1783 : "I wish much to belong to your Philosophical Society 
 at Philadelphia, and to be an honorary or ordinary fellow of your 
 College of Physicians."* 
 
 1 Rush MS., vol. 7. " Rush MS., vol. 9. 
 
 3 Rush MS., vol. 7. * Rush MS., vol. 29.
 
 18 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Dr. Samuel Powel Griffitts wrote, Loudon, August 10, 1783: 
 "Your idea of an American college of physicians is what has several 
 times occurred to me."^ 
 
 Dr. John Coakley Lettsom says, London, September 8, 1783 : 
 "I think were I in Philadelphia, I should not only have a Philo- 
 sophical Society, like our Royal Society or the French Academic des 
 Sciences, but likewise a medical college taking in likewise foreign 
 members." 
 
 Again, September 7, 1785 : " When that legion of Science, Dr. 
 Franklin, arrives, which may Heaven permit, I hope he will spread 
 an intellectual shock throughout your continent. The season of peace 
 is the harvest of science. Set your men of science upon studying 
 your own country, its native and improvable productions. Your re- 
 sources would influence Europe. Your reflections would instruct 
 her."* 
 
 Dr. Rush, who was a free and fascinating talker, probably men- 
 tioned these suggestions to his colleagues of the medical faculty of 
 the University of the State. They knew, as well as Dr. Lettsom, 
 that London had then a College of Physicians, and that in the popu- 
 lation of the great city a sufficient number of suitably qualified men 
 from which to fill and recruit its membership could always be found. 
 They may have thought that what was easy to do in London might 
 be very difficult, if not impossible, in this, then small community. 
 Although Philadelphia had physicians who were peers of the fellows 
 of any medical fraternity in the Avorld, they were not numerous 
 enough to constitute an efficient and stable college. At any rate, no 
 evidence appears that any one at that time proposed to form a society 
 exclusively of physicians of established reputation. 
 
 The City Directory — the first ever issued — which was published 
 November, 1785, contains the names of forty-six practitioners of 
 medicine and surgery and two dentists. But they were not all. 
 Many, no doubt, resided beyond the city limits, in the rural districts, 
 and were not included in this directory. The total number of persons 
 engaged in the practice of medicine in the county was possibly not 
 
 1 Kush MS., vol. 21. 2 Rush MS., vol. 28.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 19 
 
 less than sixty. Some of them were at the time members of the 
 American Medical Society. 
 
 The idea of a College of Physicians seems to have been in shape 
 of rumor for some time before an attempt to realize it was made. 
 No record has been found which precisely fixes the day of its begin- 
 ning. 
 
 The archives of the College contain a copy of the first address of 
 the first president, but the date of its delivery is not given ; a copy 
 of the first constitution, also without date ; and a record of minutes 
 of proceedings at the meetings, beginning January 2, 1787, and con- 
 tinued ever since. The first Tuesday of every month was appointed 
 for the stated meetings. 
 
 At the meeting January 2, 1787, nine senior and four junior 
 fellows were present. 
 
 Drs. Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Duffield, and Samuel P. Griffitts 
 were appointed a committee to prepare a form of diploma or certificate 
 of membership, and a device of a seal for the College. 
 
 The constitution, with an invitation to the friends of medical science 
 for communications, was ordered to be published in the newspapers. 
 
 A fair copy of the constitution was presented and signed by the 
 members present. 
 
 Drs. William Shippen, Adam Kuhn, and William W. Smith were 
 appointed a committee to draft by-laws. Adjourned. 
 
 The form of the constitution of the College of Physicians of Phila- 
 delphia was published in The Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Ad- 
 vertiser, February 1, 1787, p. 2. (See Appendix.) 
 
 The College was to consist of twelve senior fellows, who were tlie 
 only fellows eligible to office, and an indefinite number of junior 
 fellows. 
 
 At the date of publication of the constitution the list of members 
 was printed as follows : 
 
 Senior Fellows. Junior Fellows. 
 
 John Redman, Robert Harris, 
 
 John Jones, Benjamin Duffield, 
 
 William Shippen, Jr., John Foulke, 
 
 Benjamin Rush, James Hall,
 
 V 
 
 
 \ V^ CA 
 
 V.Vj 
 
 20 
 
 RUSCHENBERGER, Q 
 
 
 Senior Fellows. 
 Samuel DuflBeld, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Abraham Chovet, 
 John Morgan, 
 Adam Kuhn, 
 Gerardus Clarkson, 
 Thomas Parke, 
 George Glentworth. 
 
 Junior Fellows. 
 Andrew Koss, 
 William Currie, 
 John Carson, 
 William W. Smith, 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, 
 John Morris, 
 William Clarkson, 
 Benjamin Say, 
 John Lynn.' > 
 
 "All communications that are included in the objects of the Col- 
 lege, specified in the preamble of the constitution, may be addressed 
 to the Secretary (post-paid, when they are sent by that conveyance), 
 or to any fellow of the College. 
 
 "It is to be hoped the friends of medical science in every part of 
 the United States will concur in promoting by useful communica- 
 tions the important designs of this institution. 
 
 "Published by order of the College, 
 
 "James Hutchinson, 
 
 " Secretary. 
 
 " The present ofiicers of the college are : 
 
 President. 
 John Redman. 
 
 Vice-President. 
 John Jones. 
 
 Censors. 
 
 William ^hippen, Jr., 
 Benjamin Rush, 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Gerardus Clarkson. 
 
 Secretary. 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 John Morgan, 
 Adam Kuhn. 
 
 'The different printers in the United States are requested to 
 publish this in their papers." 
 
 ^ The name of John Lynn was dropped from the list of members, probably 
 because he did not sign the constitution, nor pay entrance fee. He was present 
 at only one meeting — October, 1787.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 21 
 
 It is self-evident that the College was organized and its officers 
 elected prior to this proclamation of its existence. The minutes of 
 the meeting of January 2, 1787, do not mention the matter, or refer 
 to the address of the President. There is no doubt that the consti- 
 tution was considered and adopted, and the officers were elected at 
 meetings held previous to this date.^ 
 
 The first address made to the College by the first president, Dr. 
 John Redman, begins : "At our first meeting to form a society under 
 the state and style of a College of Physicians, and to organize our- 
 selves by choosing proper officers and members, so as to constitute a 
 body, you were pleased to honor me with your suffrages and elect me 
 your president. Upon that occasion I felt myself oppressed, and, 
 for some reasons, undetermined whether I should continue in the 
 office. I therefore signified my acceptance only by a tacit consent 
 rather than otherwise. . . . Being unavoidably prevented, I 
 had not the pleasure of attending your next meeting. But have now 
 the peculiar happiness of seeing you convened in a body, and, I trust, 
 united in those bonds which are the result of most benevolent prin- 
 ciples." etc. 
 
 This statement indicates that at least three meetings had been held 
 prior to that of January 2d, and that the election of officers was held 
 at the first of the three meetings. It seems not unreasonable to 
 suppose that a meeting of the founders, possibly informal in char- 
 acter, had preceded that at which the first election occurred. These 
 data imply very distinctly that the institution of the College was 
 begun in September, and that the first election was held in October, 
 1786. 
 
 Nevertheless, the birthday of the College was January 2, 1787, the 
 first Tuesday of the month. 
 
 The purposes of the association and the title it should assume had 
 already been agreed upon. On that day the founding was completed. 
 
 ' Dr. Henry Bond, at the time Secretary of the College, in remarks prefatory 
 to the Quarterly Summary of the Transactions of the College of Physicians of 
 Philadelphia, for November and December, 1841, and January, 1842, says : 
 "The College of Phj'sicians of Philadelphia was instituted toward the close of 
 the year 1786 ; the first meeting after its full organization was held on the 2d 
 of January, 1787."
 
 22 RUSCHENBERGER. 
 
 The constitution had been prepared for signature ; and fellows signed 
 it that day, and ordered that the institution of the new society 
 should be proclaimed to the world, and that all who were friendly to 
 the progress of medical science should be invited to join in its pro- 
 motion. On that day also they ordered a certificate of membership, 
 a suitable device for a seal of the College, and by-laws to guide its 
 proceedings to be prepared. 
 
 At the stated meeting February 6, 1787, seven senior and eight 
 junior fellows were present. 
 
 The Secretary reported that the constitution had been published. 
 
 The device for a seal was submitted and after substituting the word 
 " toti" for '■'aliis " in the motto, so as to read, non sibi sed toti, was 
 adopted, ahd the seal ordered to be cut. Its legend is, " Sigillum Col- 
 legii Medicorum Philadelphife. Institut. A.D. MDCCLXXXYII." 
 Seal of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Instituted A.D. 
 1787. This legend has the authority of historical record, so far as 
 it goes, and possibly suggests that the founders may have regarded 
 the institution of the College as the work of the whole year. Never- 
 theless, other testimony distinctly shows tliat the existence of the 
 College properly dates from its first recorded action, the first Tuesday 
 of January, as already stated ; unless it be assumed that the time 
 between conception and incorporation was its period of gestation, and 
 that its lawful existence did not begin till March 26, 1789, the date 
 of its charter. 
 
 A proposed form of diploma was laid on the table. 
 
 Dr. Rush read a paper "On the Means of Promoting Medical 
 Knowledjje." ^ 
 
 The meetings of the College of Physicians were then held on the 
 premises of the University of the State of Pennsylvania — i. e., in the 
 old Academy, Fourth and Arch Streets — on the first Tuesday in each 
 month, at four o'clock p.m. from October till March, and at five 
 o'clock P.M. from April to September. 
 
 The first standing committee, that on Meteorology and Epidemics, 
 was appointed March 6, 1^87.^ It made reports every year from 
 that date till November, 1882 — ninety-five years — when it was 
 
 ^ Printed in the Transactions of the College, vol. 1, part 1, 1793. 
 ^ Drs. Carson, Griffitts, Morris, Hall, and William Clarkson.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 23 
 
 abolished. The last annual report of this committee was read 
 December 5, 1883, by Dr. Joseph G. Richardson.^ 
 
 At the stated meeting, April 3d, the first election of fellows was 
 held^ and committees were appointed to submit plans for establishing 
 hot and cold baths and a botanic garden in the city. 
 
 May 1, 1787, Dr. John Morgan moved that application be made 
 to the legislature for a charter ; and July 3d, in conformity to the 
 provisions of the constitution, all the officers of the Society were 
 re-elected. This was the first election of officers recorded in the 
 minutes. 
 
 At the meeting held August 7th, " a member submitted a new 
 form of constitution, which was made the order of business this day 
 three months," which was considered and adopted November 6th. 
 
 September 4, 1787, the College placed itself on record in favor 
 of temperance. Drs. Jones, Rush, and Griffitts Avere appointed a 
 committee to prepare a memorial to the legislature " setting forth the 
 pernicious effiscts of spirituous liquors upon the human body, and 
 praying that such a law may be passed as shall tend to diminish 
 their consumption."^ The petition prepared by the committee was 
 adopted by the College November 7th, and ordered to be duly sent 
 to the legislature. 
 
 This summary of the proceedings of the College during the first 
 year of its existence is sufficient to indicate its general policy. One 
 special and twelve stated meetings were held. There were twenty- 
 nine fellows. The average attendance was 14.3 ; the highest num- 
 ber present at a meeting was 19, and the lowest 10. 
 
 The entrance fee was three pounds, Pennsylvania currency, equal 
 to eight dollars, and the annual contribution fifteen shillings, or two 
 dollars. Through failure to pay their fees two of the founders for- 
 feited fellowship with the College. 
 
 ' Transactions of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, third series, vol. 
 7, 1884, p. 41. 
 
 ' Nathan Dorsey, John K. B. Rogers, Caspar Wistar, Jr., James Cunning- 
 ham, and Charles Moore were elected junior fellows. 
 
 ' See Appendix.
 
 24 RUSCHENBERGEE, 
 
 PROGRESS OF THE COLLEGE. 
 
 During the year 1788, thirteen meetings were held. The average 
 attendance was 12.2. The greatest number present at a meeting 
 was 20, and the smallest 5. Two fellows were elected. 
 
 April 1st, the constitution was amended so far as to make seven 
 fellows a quorum for ordinary business, and eleven for elections and 
 altering the by-laws. The by-laws, which had been under considera- 
 tion at many meetings, were adopted. 
 
 June 3d, a committee was appointed " to form a pharmacopoeia for 
 the use of the College,"^ and another to prepare a plan for the forma- 
 tion of a library.^ The fellow's were requested to contribute to it. 
 Dr. John Morgan sent, Dec, 1788, a "donation of books to be added 
 to the College library," consisting of twenty -four volumes ; and again, 
 Jan. 6, 1789, some medical books. 
 
 The plan for forming a library, submitted by the committee, July 
 1, 1788, was, substantially, that the secretary and censors should 
 have charge of it, and that the College should annually appropriate, 
 from the balance in the treasury at the end of each year, such sum 
 for the purchase of books as might be expedient. The plan was 
 approved March 3, 1789. The foundation of the library may be 
 considered to have been laid on that day. 
 
 Drs. Jones, Parke, and Wistar were appointed, July 7, 1789, to 
 prepare a list of books to be purchased for the library, at a cost not 
 exceeding £50 (^133.33). 
 
 A petition, dated November 11, 1788, to bring in a bill to incor- 
 porate the College was presented to the Legislature of the Common- 
 wealth.^ 
 
 At the annual election of 1788, the only change in the officiality 
 
 * Drs. Redman, Jones, Kuhn, Shippen, Rush, Griffitts, Wistar, and Hutch- 
 inson. 
 
 * Drs. Jones, Wistar, and Griffitts. 
 
 * Drs. Redman, Jones, Shippen, Hutchinson, and Morgan were appointed a 
 committee to present the petition, and, if it were granted, to frame a bill for the 
 incorporation of the College.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 25 
 
 of the College was that Dr. Samuel Powel Griflfitts was appointed 
 Secretary in place of Dr. Hutchinson. 
 
 A notable feature of the proceedings of the College in 1789 was 
 an effort to induce suitably qualified persons throughout the country 
 to cooperate in the formation of a Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States. To this end a circular letter was issued April 7th. 
 
 The legislature having granted permission, a bill was prepared for 
 the incorporation of the College and presented in February, 1789 ; 
 and the president in behalf of the committee reported. May 5, 1789, 
 that the bill had been enacted and that an authentic copy of the act 
 had been procured. It is dated March 26, 1789. 
 
 The president called a special meeting of the College, April 16, 
 1789,^ to consult the members on the propriety of representing to 
 the authorities the disagreeable consequences which might ensue at 
 this time from the general illumination, which was proposed on the 
 arrival of the President of the United States, who would reach the 
 city on the 20th, on his way from Mount Vernon to New York, to be 
 there inaugurated on the 30th. Influenza was then epidemic. 
 
 A committee was appointed" to wait upon the Supreme Executive 
 Council the next morning, and " inform them that although the Col- 
 lege of Physicians do sincerely join their fellow-citizens in their joy on 
 the occasion, yet they cannot be so inattentive to the health of many 
 under their care, as to decline informing the Council that a general 
 illumination of the city might be productive of fatal consequences." 
 
 There were military and civic demonstrations of cordial welcome 
 to General Washington on his arrival at Gray's Ferry and in the 
 city ; and there was " a handsome display of fireworks in the even- 
 ing," but no general illumination^ is mentioned. 
 
 Another event indicative of the standing which the society had 
 already attained in the community is notable. In November, a com- 
 mittee, appointed by the Legislature of the Commonwealth to draft a 
 bill to amend the laws of the State for preventing the introduction of 
 
 ' Drs. Eedman, Jones, Kuhn, Kush, Parke, Wistar, Leib, Gibbons, Griffitts, 
 Cunningham were present at the meeting. 
 
 * Drs. Redman, Jones, and Rush. 
 
 ' For an account of Washington's entrance into the city, April 20, see The 
 Columbian Magazine, April, 1789, vol. 5, p. 282.
 
 26 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 infectious diseases, applied to the College for information on the sub- 
 ject. The application was referred to a committee to answer.* 
 
 Twelve stated and three special meetings were held during the 
 year. Tlie average attendance was 11.8, the lowest number present 
 at a meeting was 6, and the highest 17. One was added to the roll 
 of fellows, one founder [John Morris] forfeited his place upon it, and 
 another was removed by death. 
 
 Dr. John Morgan, one of the Censors, who was present at the 
 meeting October 6, died on the loth. At a special meeting Novem- 
 ber loth, Dr. Thomas Parke was duly elected a censor in his place. 
 
 The minutes of proceedings contain no other notice of this emi- 
 nent physician. As the character of its founders is interesting to 
 the Fellows of the College, it seems proper to supplement the record, 
 when necessary, with sketches of their lives. 
 
 KOTICE OF DR. JOHN MORGAX. 
 
 Dr. John Morgan contributed more than any individual to the 
 foundation of systematic medical teaching and of medical progress 
 in this city. He was the founder of the first medical school estab- 
 lished under a charter on this continent; and the first medical pro- 
 fessor elected by the College of Philadelphia ; one of the founders 
 of the first Medical Society of Philadelphia ; one of the founders of 
 the College of Physicians ; and among the first to give books to form 
 its library. His education and training at home and abroad, added 
 force to natural endowments of a high order, and eminently qualified 
 him to win his way as a pioneer. 
 
 Dr. Morgan, a son of Evan Morgan, a respectable Welsh gentleman 
 who had been long settled in the province, was born in Philadelphia, 
 A. D, 1735. Having taken the course of classical instruction at the 
 Nottingham Academy, Chester Co., Pa., then in charge of the Rev. 
 Samuel Finley, he was transferred to the College of Philadelphia, 
 and, at the first commencement held by that institution, received the 
 bachelor's degree May 17, 1757. 
 
 He began the study of medicine about the time he entered college. 
 In a preface to his Discourse upon the Institution of 3fedieal Schools 
 
 ^ Drs. Kedman, Jones, Shippen, Kush, and Hutchinson.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 
 
 in America, lie says, speaking of his professional training, that he 
 served an apprenticeship of six years with Dr. John Redman, and 
 within that period had piit up the prescriptions of all the physicians 
 of the Pennsylvania Hospital during more than a year. On the close 
 of his apprenticeship he joined the provincial troops in the last war 
 waged by Great Britain and her colonies against the French. He 
 was in Forbes's expedition and held a lieutenant's commission, dated 
 April 1, 1758, but acted chiefly as surgeon; and, according to Col. 
 Burd's report to the Governor, " did his duty very well."^ 
 
 At the end of the war he retired from the army. In 1760 he 
 went to Europe, and attended the lectures and dissections of William 
 and John Hunter in London, and then went to Edinburgh. 
 
 Dr. Franklin, in a letter to Dr. William Cullen, dated London, 
 Oct. 21, 1761, said "the bearer, Mr. Morgan, who proposes to reside 
 some time in Edinburgh for the completion of his studies in Physic, 
 is a young gentleman of Philadelphia, whom I have long known and 
 greatly esteem ; and as I interest myself in what relates to him, I 
 cannot but wish him the advantage of your conversation and instruc- 
 tion." 
 
 " Mr. Morgan, who is mentioned in the foregoing letter, appears 
 to have fully realized the expectations of his friend Dr. Franklin. 
 He distinguished himself while in Edinburgh by a diligent applica- 
 tion to his studies : published, on receiving the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine, an excellent inaugural dissertation on the subject of Sup- 
 puration ;^ visited the principal hospitals of France and Italy before 
 returning to his native country. After his return to America, he took 
 
 ^ Letters and Papers relating chiefly to the Provincial History of Pennsyl- 
 vania. By Thomas Balch, pp. Ixxiv. Privately printed. Philadelphia, 1855. 
 
 2 His thesis, a copy of which is in the University of Pennsylvania, is en- 
 titled: 
 
 IITOnOIESIS, Sive Tentamen Medicum de Puris Confectione ; Quam An- 
 nuente sunamo numine, Ex auctoritate admodum Viri Gulielmi Kobertson S. S. 
 T. P. Academiifi Edinburgenfe Prsefecti, nee non, Amplissimi Senatus Acade- 
 micss consensu Et nobilisimcB, Facultatis medicss decreto ; Pro gradu Doetoratus, 
 Summisque in medicina honoribus et Privilegiis Rite et legitime consequendis ; 
 Eruditorum Exaraini subjijuit Johannes Morgan A.M. Pennsylvaniensis. 
 
 Deus enim has leges posuit in creando et observavit, quas nos observando de- 
 tegimus. Boerh. insit. 
 
 Ad diem 18 Julii, hora, locoque solitis. Edinburgi ; cum typis Academicis 
 M,DCC,LXIII. 8vo. pp. 55.
 
 28 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 an active share in the institution of lectures on different branches of 
 medicine in the College of Philadelphia, and in the establishment of 
 a dispensary and of a medical society in that city. The progress 
 of these institutions is minutely described in his letters to Dr. Cullen, 
 toward -whom he always appears to have felt and expressed a very 
 grateful attachment."^ 
 
 From Edinburgh he went to Paris and spent some time studying 
 anatomy with M. Sue. 
 
 He had acquired the rudiments of the art of making anatomical 
 preparations by corrosion from " the two Hunters " while in London. 
 Fine injections were first made by Ruysch, and therefore called the 
 Ruyschian art. He says, " I once showed a preparation of the 
 vessels of the kidney I had thus executed at Paris at a meeting of 
 the French Academy of Surgery in the year 1764. Except M. 
 Morand, none present had ever seen such a preparation. The art 
 was unknown there, till I communicated it, first at Paris and after- 
 ward in the south of France."^ 
 
 During the spring and summer of 1764 he travelled in France, 
 Switzerland, and Italy, visiting the medical schools, hospitals, and 
 public institutions. He daily noted what he saw. His manuscript 
 journal has been preserved.^ 
 
 From it Dr. Morgan's account of his visit to the celebrated Mor- 
 gagni has been taken. 
 
 He left Rome, Friday, July 6, 1764. 
 
 " Sunday, July 21, 1764. We received a visit this morning from 
 Dr. Sevati, Professor of Medicine at Bologna, and husband of the 
 celebrated female professor of natural philosophy in this city, Laura 
 Maria Clementina Bassi. He conversed on anatomical and medical 
 subjects, and charged me with a letter introductory to the acquaint- 
 ance of the celebrated Morgagni at Padua. 
 
 1 Vol. 1, pp. 140, 141. An Account of the Life, Lectures, and Writings of 
 William Cullen, M.D., Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of 
 Edinburgh. By John Thomson, M.D., T.Pv.S.L. and E., etc. 2 vols., 8vo. 
 Edinburgh and London, 1832. 
 
 * Art of making anatomical preparations by corrosion. By John Morgan, 
 M.D. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. 2, p. 366. 1786. 
 
 ^ A copy of it, made by the Rev. George Uphold, Rector of Holy Trinity 
 Church, Pittsburg, Pa., in March and April, 1847, is in the library of the His- 
 torical Society of Pennsylvania.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 29 
 
 " Padua, "Wednesday, July 24, 1764. 
 " P. M. I went to pay my respects to the celebrated Morgagni, 
 Professor of Anatomy at Padua, to Avhom I had letters from Dr. 
 Sevati, of Bologna. He received me with the greatest politeness 
 imaginable, and showed me abundant civilities, with a very good 
 grace. He is now eighty-two years of age, yet reads without spec- 
 tacles, and is alert as a man of fifty. I found that he was unac- 
 quainted with anatomical preparations made by corrosion. I showed 
 him a piece of a kidney which I had injected at Paris, and which 
 was finely corroded. Broken as it was, he was highly pleased, and 
 saw at once the utility of such preparations. I apologized for the 
 state it was in, from having brought it so far. He was pleased to 
 answer, ex ungue leonem — that he saw enough from that small 
 specimen to convince him of the excellency of such preparations. 
 He acknowledged he had never seen any preparation before in which 
 the vessels were so minutely filled. Ruysch, he says, had sent him 
 some of his preparations, in which the vessels appeared more like a 
 confused mass than distinct, in the manner of this. I asked him 
 what method he took to trace the vessels. He told me, he did 
 always in subjects where the inflammation was great, which made 
 the vessels appear distinct and plain, but these were not durable as 
 preparations by injection. He then conveyed me into a small 
 cabinet, where he showed me a great number of skeletons of the 
 human foetus, in a series, from a few weeks old to nine months, and 
 from that upward to an adult. Amongst others, a foetus of six or 
 seven months old, in which the form was complete, except near half 
 of the spine — i. e., the back part of it was wanting all the way up ; 
 nor had it ever either brain or spinal marrow. He showed me also 
 a calculus, formed on a needle, in the bladder of a man, which had 
 stopped up the urethra without forming any ulceration, or the least 
 sign of a cicatrix of a wound. This, and the following which he 
 showed me, are spoken of in his treatise, Be Sedihus et Causis 
 Morborum, viz., the second was a calculus formed on the point of a 
 corking pin, Avhich a female had introduced a little way into her 
 bladder, which, being irritated thereby, conti'acted, and drew the pin 
 into the bladder, so as to lay the foundation of a calculus, of which 
 she died.
 
 30 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 " He shoAved me, likewise, many curious preparations of the bones 
 of the ear, and pointed out the spur-like process of the malleus which 
 his master in anatomy, Valsalva, could never find till he showed it 
 to him ; also, the three semicircular canals, separate from all the 
 other bones, with the five holes opening so as to be seen at the same 
 time; also all the organ of hearing, with the external ear, the hard 
 and soft parts together, freed from all the surrounding hard bone ; 
 and, lastly, the internal cavity of the ear, with all the parts in situ, 
 which he had so prepared as to see the different bones in their place 
 without touching them at all. This he had done partly with a file 
 and partly with a hard-tempered knife, like adamant, and — a great 
 deal of patience. He had sawed the cranium in two, as usually 
 done in dissecting the brain, but acknowledged if he had taken the 
 temporal bone out, he could work much easier, as the surrounding 
 bones would not have impeded the motion of his hand in dissecting. 
 
 " In this cabinet he had a series of portraits of old anatomists, his 
 famous predecessors at Bologna, in which he pointed out a particu- 
 larity with regard to dress ; the necks of the first being covered with 
 a kind of caul, like a modern monk's hood ; this gradually lessened, 
 and a fur lining took the place, but the neck less covered up, till at 
 length they came to wear bands, which at first were small, and 
 gradually enlarged to the greatest size. In this cabinet were the 
 portraits — /. e., the heads — of two beautiful girls, done by Rosalba, 
 in crayons. I asked. Whose were these ? and he told me as follows : 
 ' That he had fifteen children, of whom remain two sons and eight 
 daughters ; every one, as they grew up, requested to become nuns, 
 which he esteemed very singular, and that they entered by pairs into 
 four difierent convents. When their time of probation was expired, 
 they were, at ther own choice, to live in the world or take the veil, 
 which last they all preferred ; the two youngest going into the strictest 
 order of Franciscans, where they go barefooted and always veiled. 
 Before these were shut up thus for life, the celebrated female paintress, 
 Rosalba, as a friend of Morgagni, drew these portraits and made him 
 a present of them, before he knew she had any intention to draw 
 them. As the others are of orders less strict, and may be seen with- 
 out veils, there was less occasion for their portraits.' 
 
 "I presented him, before coming away, with my thesis, and he was
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 31 
 
 SO good as to do me the honor of making me a present of his late 
 publication, 2 vols, folio, ' De Sedibus et Causis Morborum,'^ of 
 which there have been three different editions within these three 
 years, being in the highest estimation throughout Europe, and all the 
 copies of the first edition already bought up." 
 
 In his introductory lecture, delivered Nov. 2, 1789, befoi-e the 
 trustees and medical students of the College of Philadelphia, and 
 printed in the American Museum for November, 1879,'-' Dr. Ben- 
 jamin Rush relates, that Dr. Morgan "had the honor of a long con- 
 ference with the celebrated Morgagni, at Padua, when he was in the 
 eightieth year of his age. This venerable physician, who was the 
 light and ornament of two or three successive generations of physi- 
 cians, was so pleased with the doctor that he claimed kindred with 
 him, from the resemblance of their names, and on a blank leaf of a 
 copy of his works which he presemted to him, he inscribed with his 
 own hand the following words : 'Affino suo, medico preeclarissimo 
 Joanni Morgan, donat auctor.'" 
 
 By whose invention Dr. Rush was made authority for this fanciful 
 tale is not now known. Dr. Morgan's account of his visit to Mor- 
 gagni suggests nothing of the kind. 
 
 The three volumes presented to him by Morgagni, and nine other 
 folios, were bequeathed to the College of Physicians by Dr. Morgan, 
 and delivered by his executors in February, 1790. 
 
 At the bottom of the title-page of the first volume the following is 
 written: " Viro experientissimo et humanissimo D. Di Joanni 3Ior- 
 gan Auctor," and at the bottom of the title-page of the second 
 volume, " Viro de Re anatomico bene merito Do. Dr. Joanni Mor- 
 gan Auctor.'''^ 
 
 ^ The title of the work is "Jo. Baptistce Morgagni, P. P. P. P., de Sedibus 
 et Causis Morborum per Anatomen indagatis. Venetiis, MDCCLXI." At the 
 bottom of the title-page of the first volume is written, "Viro experientissimo et 
 humanissimo D. D. Joanni Morgan, Auctor." 
 
 ' Keprinted in the Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences 
 Philadelphia, 1820. 
 
 ^ The author's gift to his kinsman, John Morgan, a most distinguished 
 physician. 
 
 * Grift of the author to the most skilful and accomplished Dr. John Morgan. 
 2d vol. : Gift of the author to Dr. John Morgan, highly deserving in anatomy.
 
 32 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 From Padua Dr. Morgan slowly made his way into Switzerland. 
 "While at Geneva, on Sunday, Sept. 16th, he visited Voltaire at 
 Ferney, an estate which that illustrious man had purchased and 
 built a house upon five or six years before. Dr. Morgan's account 
 of this visit has been recently published.' 
 
 He returned to London in the autumn. While there he was 
 elected, 1765, a fellow of the Royal Society, a licentiate of the Col- 
 lege of Physicians of London, and also of the College of Physicians 
 of Edinburgh, ^oon after his arrival in London he wrote the following 
 letter to Dr. William Cullen : 
 
 " London, November 10, 1764. 
 
 " Very Dear Sir : 
 
 " Can you forgive me if, upon my being just returned fi*om my 
 tour through France and Italy, I write you but a very short letter 
 till I have been here a week or two longer, and got myself a little 
 composed. At present what with a crowd of acquaintances every 
 day, with the kindest intentions, breaking in upon that time I pro- 
 posed to devote to writing to my friends, and the chaos of ideas 
 which disturb my regular thinking at present, I find I cannot execute 
 the task as I ought. Everything I tell you now must be rather 
 broken hints, than a connected relation. 
 
 " I have not been able to see M. Senac whilst last in Paris. I 
 was at Fontainbleau once with that view, but he was then for a night 
 or two with the King at Choisy, which I knew" not of at the time ; 
 and I was too much hurried to repeat the visit, as I wanted to reach 
 London in time enough to sail in the fall for Philadelphia ; I think 
 I cannot now sail till toward spring. 
 
 " The most agreeable incidents happened to Mr. Powel and myself 
 in our tour, which lasted about eight months. It was crowded Avith 
 a great variety of the most interesting circumstances, full of pleasing 
 scenes for the most part, and of a nature different from and more 
 agreeable than what I have been commonly used to. 
 
 "The order of our travels through Italy was Genoa, Leghorn, 
 Pisa, Florence, Rome, Naples and its environs. After our return to 
 Rome, it was on the Adriatic side of Italy, through Loreto to 
 Bologna, Ferrara, Padua, Venice ; we took Padua in the way again 
 
 1 The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. x. p. 43, 1886.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 33 
 
 on our return, and passed through Vicenza, Verona, Mantua, the 
 States of Parma and Placentia, to Milan and Turin. We crossed 
 the Alps to Geneva, returned to Paris through Lyons, and from 
 thence came to London about a week ago. 
 
 " We were in the suite of the Duke of York at Leghorn, Florence, 
 and Rome, where we were particularly presented to him, and had 
 access to all the grand entertainments made for his Royal Highness, 
 which were indeed superbly sumptuous and magnificent. We had a 
 private audience with the Pope, four English gentlemen of us being 
 presented at that time. He was aifable and courteous. At Turin 
 we had the honor of being presented to his Sardinian Majesty and 
 the Royal Family, and obtained express leave from the King to see 
 the fortifications of Turin, and those which defend the pass into his 
 dominions by the Alps. When at Geneva we paid a visit to Voltaire, 
 to whom we had a letter, and were entertained by him with most 
 singular politeness — for us I mean — perhaps usual enough in regard 
 to Voltaire. 
 
 "There is a pretty good physical — I mean medical — university at 
 Bologna, and Morgagni has a very crowded class at his anatomical 
 lectures at Padua. There are some other schools of medicine in 
 Italy: but, upon the whole, to me they seem to be behindhand — 
 medicine not being in high repute, or cultivated with that spirit it 
 ought to be. 
 
 "As to the grandeur of the ancients, from what we can see of 
 their remains, it is most extraordinary. Arts with them seem to 
 have been in a perfection which I could not have imagined. Their 
 palaces, temples, aqueducts, baths, theatres, amphitheatres, monu- 
 ments, statues, sculptures were most amazing. The soul is struck at 
 the review, and the ideas expand ; but I have not leisure to dwell 
 now on these topics. 
 
 " I must return to the world where I now am just agoing — this as 
 different from the former, I mean the rest of Europe I have seen, as 
 that from Italy, and really to me it does not appear more so. 
 
 "At Paris I took my seat in the Royal Academy of Surgery, of 
 which I have the honor to be admitted as a corresponding member 
 [July 5, 1764] — a distinction from a resident fellow. I am now 
 preparing for America, to see whether, after fourteen years' devotion 
 
 3
 
 34 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 to medicine I can get my living without turning apothecary or prac- 
 tising surgery. 
 
 " My scheme of instituting lectures you will hereafter know more 
 of. It is not prudent to broach designs prematurely ; and mine are 
 not yet fully ripe for execution. My best compliments to all your 
 family, not forgetting them particularly to my mamma Cullen, and 
 to your eldest son. Believe me to be, with the greatest esteem, 
 dear sir, your affectionate friend, and much obliged humble servant, 
 
 "John Morgan."' 
 
 Dr. ]Morgan returned to Philadelphia in the spring of 1765. He 
 was in his thirtieth year. Honors had been conferred upon him 
 abroad on account of his scholarly proficiency and professional learn- 
 ing, in which, probably, he was not excelled by any physician who 
 had previously settled in the province. His reputation preceded his 
 arrival, and moulded public opinion in his favor. He obtained almost 
 at once a large share of the best practice. 
 
 He restricted his business to the practice of medicine exclusively, 
 refused to dispense medicines, and declined to attend surgical cases. 
 This departure from the custom of physicians of that time was de- 
 signed to separate the practice of pharmacy and of surgery from 
 that of medicine, and lead the public to recognize them as distinct 
 vocations. He was confident that the result of such division would 
 enhance the dignity and character of the physician in public esteem, 
 and facilitate the cultivation of the several departments of the pro- 
 fession to the advantage of all concerned. He steadily tried to 
 make the practice of medicine a cash business, by collecting a fee at 
 each visit, the amount of which to be scaled by the patient according 
 to his dignity and means. 
 
 As already stated, Dr. Morgan was appointed Professor of the 
 Theory and Practice of Physic, May 3, 1765, in the College of Phila- 
 delphia. At the commencement. May 30th and 31st, he delivered a 
 "Discourse on the Institution of Medical Schools in America." 
 
 He married, September 4, 1765, Mary, daughter of Thomas Hop- 
 kinson and his wife, Mary Johnson, of New Castle Co., Del, She 
 
 ^ Thomson's Life of Dr. Cullen, vol. 1, p. 633
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 35 
 
 died without issue, January 2, 1785, and was buried under the floor 
 of St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia.^ 
 
 At the commencement, May, 1766, Dr. Morgan was awarded a 
 gold medal, which had been presented by Mr. John Sargent, of 
 London, to the College of Philadelphia, to be bestowed on the author 
 of the best essay on " The reciprocal advantages of a perpetual 
 union between Great Britain and her American Colonies." His 
 competitors for this prize were Stephen Watts, Francis Hopkinson, 
 and Joseph Reed. Their papers were published together in a small 
 volume, the name of the author of each being appended to it ; the 
 essay of Mr. Reed was not signed by him.^ 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, 
 December, 1766, and was one of the curators for 1769. He con- 
 tributed four papers, which were published in the second volume of 
 the Transactions of the Society. 
 
 At the suggestion of the Rev. Dr. William Smith, Provost of the 
 College, Dr. Morgan went to Jamaica and other islands of the West 
 Indies, in 1773, to solicit contributions for the institution, and ob- 
 tained about three thousand pounds.^ 
 
 Early in the War of Independence, Dr. Morgan gave up a lucrative 
 practice, in opposition to the judgment of friends, to accept the office 
 of Director-General and Physician-in-Chief of the American Hospital, 
 to which he was appointed October 17, 1775. He was successor to 
 Dr. Benjamin Church, the first Director-General, who was dismissed, 
 
 1 Provincial Counsellors of Pennsylvania who held Office between 1733 and 
 1776, and those earlier Counsellors wh' were sometime Chief Magistrates of the 
 Province, and their Descendants. Py Charles P. Keith. Philadelphia, 1883. 
 
 Kecord of Pennsylvania Marriages prior to 1810. Harrisburg, 1880. Vol. i. 
 p. 182. 
 
 " Sunday last, died, greatly lamented by her numerous friends and acquaint- 
 ances, Mrs. Mary Morgan, the amiable consort of Doctor John Morgan, of this 
 city." — Pennsylvania Journal, Saturday, January 8, 1785. 
 
 * Life and Correspondence of Joseph Keed, Military Secretary of Washington 
 at Cambridge, etc. By his Grandson, William B. Keed. Vol. i. p. 40. Lindsay 
 & Blakiston, Philadelphia, 1847. 
 
 ^ A Memoir of the Eev. William Smith, D.D., Provost of the College, 
 Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia. By Charles J. Stille. 
 Philadelphia, 1869.
 
 36 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 being convicted of treasonable correspondence. In the performance 
 of his arduous duties he provoked the antagonism of many of his 
 subordinates, especially among the regimental surgeons and mates, 
 because, it is supposed, he insisted upon a rigidly economical use of 
 hospital stores, and recommended that, prior to appointment, the 
 qualifications of medical officers should be ascertained by suitable 
 examination. He had rivals among the medical directors in the 
 army, who did not act in harmony with him. Many complaints 
 were made that the supplies to the hospitals were deficient. 
 
 He applied to Congress to be informed of the source of these 
 charges, but in vain. He had an interview with Dr. Rush, who had 
 been elected to Congi-ess, July 20, 1776, for that year, after the 
 Declaration of Independence had been proclaimed, which he, with 
 others who had been elected with him, signed after the document was 
 engrossed, but obtained no information from him, though he was 
 chairman of the medical committee. 
 
 Dr. Morgan says : "When the remnant of the army that retreated 
 from Brunswick had crossed the Delaware, I proceeded to Philadel- 
 phia to wait on Congress, and to lay matters before them in person, 
 for such regulations for the better care of the sick and wounded as 
 were suitable to the occasion, and to obtain an explanation and 
 amendment of the resolves of Congress, October 9th. I met Dr. 
 Rush in the street, and attempted, for a moment, to detain him till 
 I could acquaint him with the present circumstances and situation of 
 affairs ; he gave me no time. All he said was, that ' he was glad I 
 was come ; it would take a great burden from his shoulders,' and 
 passed on. When I afterwards called upon him at his house to 
 represent matters to him there, as a member of the medical com- 
 mittee, for relief, the sum of his answer was that ' he would not for 
 ten times the consideration go through the amazing toils and diffi- 
 culties of my station.' But instead of relief from the difficulties and 
 hardships of my situation, all the returns I received from Congress, 
 are complaints disregarded, grievances unredressed, and without an 
 hearing, and without assigning a reason, a dismission from my 
 station, as if Congress intended to fix a stigma on my character. 
 But however hidden the motives for such conduct are, a day may 
 come when these will be fully understood.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 37 
 
 "The same gentleman who then felt, or seemed to feel for my 
 situation, having since accepted a place, near of kin to that which 
 he then so earnestly deprecated, may perhaps remember it. I can 
 truly say, should he aspire to, or hereafter enjoy, that very place, I 
 do not wish him the ill treatment and ingratitude for his services in 
 it, which I have experienced."^ 
 
 Dr. William Shippen, Jr., who was chief physician of the flying 
 camp from July 15, 1776, submitted to Congress, March, 1777, a 
 plan for the organization of the hospital department, which, with 
 some modification, was adopted. He was elected, April 11th, 
 Director-General of all the military hospitals of the United States. 
 He resigned the office, January 3, 1781.^ He had been arraigned 
 before a military court, sitting in Morristown, N. J., charged with 
 improper administration of his office. In an address to the public, 
 January, 1781, printed on a large foolscap page. Dr. Morgan says : 
 " Unable to bear further investigation of his conduct, he has been 
 compelled to quit the station of Director-General of Hospitals, by a 
 forced resignation.^ 
 
 At the election of representatives to Congress from Pennsylvania, 
 March 10, 1787, Dr. Rush was not returned, but in the course of 
 the year he was appointed Physician-General of the Military Hospital 
 of the Middle Department, but after a short time resigned his com- 
 mission, Jan. 30, 1788.* 
 
 Without a hearing Congress dismissed Dr. Morgan from office, Jan. 
 9, 1777. Although he was subsequently acquitted of all blame,* this 
 summary dismissal was a distressing shock. ^ The effects of the blow 
 
 ^ Vindication of his Public Character, etc., p. 148. 
 
 2 Journals of Congress. ^ Eush MS., vol. 29. 
 
 * Journal of Congress, 1788. 
 
 * After his dismissal, a committee of Congress, appointed at his request, in- 
 vestigated his whole conduct and honorably acquitted him of all the charges 
 which had been brought against him. 
 
 ^ How keenly he felt the action of Congress is manifested in "A Vindication 
 of his Public Character in the Station of Director-General of the Military Hos- 
 pitals and Physician-in-Chief of the American Army, Anno 1776." By John 
 Morgan, M.D., F.K.S., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic in the 
 College of Philadelphia ; member of several Koyal Colleges and Academies, 
 and Philosophical and Literary Societies in Europe and America. Printed by 
 Powars & Willis. Boston, M,DCC,LXXVII. 8vo., pp. 43-158. Philadelphia 
 Lbrary, Kidgway Branch.
 
 38 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 were permanent. He and Dr. Rush jointly presented to the trustees 
 of the university of the State a memorial, Feb. 28, 1781, objecting 
 to serve as professors if Dr. William Shippen, Jr., be appointed 
 professor of anatomy. He was appointed, however, and in Nov. 
 1783, Dr. Rush accepted the chair of chemistry. Dr. Morgan 
 seems not to have performed the duties of the office, although he was 
 elected, at the same time, professor of the theory and practice of 
 medicine. 
 
 In the only public biographical notice of Dr. Morgan is a false 
 statement which from long-continued iteration has acquired the sta- 
 bility of truth. An attempt to correct it here seems proper. 
 
 In his introductory lecture, Nov. 2, 1789, eulogizing Dr. Morgan, 
 Dr. Rush says : " It was during his absence from home that he con- 
 certed with Dr. Shippen the plan of establishing a medical school in 
 this city." 
 
 The frequent repetition of an erroneous statement on such emi- 
 nent authority makes its correction important and, at the same time, 
 difficult. 
 
 In his eulogium on Dr. William Cullen, July, 1790, Dr. Rush 
 says — whether truly or sophistically, may be a question : "To be- 
 lieve in great men, is often as great an obstacle to the progress of 
 knowledge, as to believe in witches and conjurors. It is the image- 
 worship of science ; for error is as much an attribute of man as the 
 desire of happiness ; and I think I have observed that the errors of 
 great men partake of the dimensions of their minds, and are often of a 
 greater magnitude than the errors of men of inferior understanding." 
 
 There is reason to believe that Dr. Morgan never "concerted" 
 with Dr. Shippen a plan for establishing a medical school in this 
 city. In his letter to Dr. Cullen, Nov. 10, 1764, Dr. Morgan says: 
 "My scheme of instituting lectures you will hereafter know more of 
 It is not prudent to broach designs prematurely, and mine are not 
 yet fully ripe for execution." 
 
 At the commencement of the College of Philadelphia, May, 1765, 
 when Dr. Shippen was probably present. Dr. Morgan said, in his 
 discourse on the institution of medical schools : 
 
 " It is with the highest satisfaction I am informed from Dr. Ship- 
 pen, Junior, that in an address to the public, as introductory to his
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEOE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 39 
 
 first anatomical course, he proposed some hints of a plan for giving 
 medical lectures among us. But I do not learn that he recommended 
 at all a collegiate undertaking of this kind. What led me to it was 
 the obvious utility that would attend it, and the desire I had of 
 presenting, as a tribute of gratitude to my alma mater, a full and 
 enlarged plan for the institution of medicine, in all its branches, in 
 this seminary where I had part of my education, being among the 
 first sons who shared in its public honours. I was further induced to 
 it from a consideration, that private schemes of propagating knowl- 
 edge are instable in their nature, and that the cultivation of useful 
 learning can only be effectually promoted under those who are patrons 
 of science, and under the authority and direction of men incorporated 
 for the improvement of literature. 
 
 " Should the trustees of the College think proper to found a pro- 
 fessorship of anatomy, Dr. Shippen having been concerned already 
 in teaching that branch of medical science is a circumstance favor- 
 able to our wishes. Few here can be ignorant of the great opportu- 
 nities he has had abroad of qualifying himself in anatomy, and that 
 he has already given three courses thereof in this city, and designs 
 to enter upon a fourth course next winter." 
 
 "As far as I can learn, everybody approves of my plan for institut- 
 ing medical schools, and I have the honor of being appointed a public 
 professor for teaching physic in the college here."^ Preface p. xiv. 
 
 It is not probable that an honorable man — as Dr. Morgan undoubt- 
 edly was — would have used such language had he ever " concerted" 
 
 ^ A Discourse upon the Institution of Medical Schools in America; Delivered 
 at a public Anniversary Commencement, held in the College of Philadelphia 
 May 30 and 31, 1765. With a Preface, containing amongst other things, the 
 author's apology for attempting to introduce the regular mode of practising 
 Physic in Philadelphia. By John Morgan, M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society 
 at London; Correspondent of the Royal Academy of Surgery at Paris; Mem- 
 ber of the Arcadian Belles Lettres Society at Rome; Licentiate of the Royal 
 Colleges of Physicians in London andin Edinburgh; and Professor of the 
 Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Philadelphia. 12mo. pp. 
 xxvi.-63. Philadelphia. Printed and sold by William Bradford, at the corner 
 of Market and Front Streets. MDCCLXV. 
 
 Lewis Library, College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Library Historical 
 Society of Pennsylvania.
 
 40 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 with Dr. Shipper! on the subject. The discourse was delivered on a 
 public occasion, and afterward printed. No part of it has been con- 
 tradicted. No evidence has been published to show that Dr. Shippen 
 had in any way assisted Dr. Morgan to devise the plan for a school 
 of medicine in Philadelphia which he had laid before the Trustees 
 of the College. Nor is it certain that they met or were together 
 while abroad. 
 
 Though Dr. Rush's error in connection with this subject is not 
 significant, does not "partake of the dimensions" of his mind, it is 
 sufficiently great to be noted for correction, in the interest of truth. 
 
 The work which Dr. William Shippen, Jr., did toward the insti- 
 tution of medical teaching in Philadelphia was most important and 
 creditable. 
 
 After more than three years sojourn in Europe he returned to 
 Philadelphia in May, 1762. About the same time a number of 
 crayon pictures and models and casts of anatomical parts, a gift from 
 Dr. John Fothergill, of London, reached the Pennsylvania Hospital, 
 and were exhibited for the benefit of the institution. 
 
 The Pennsylvania G-azette for Nov. 11, 1762, contains the follow- 
 ing announcement : 
 
 " Mr. Hall — Sir : Please inform the public, that a course of ana- 
 tomical lectures will be opened this winter in Philadelphia, for the 
 advantage of young .Gentlemen now engaged in the study of Physic, 
 in this and the neishborino: Provinces, whose circumstances and Con- 
 nections will not admit of their going abroad for Improvement to the 
 Anatomical Schools in Europe, and also for the Entertainment of 
 any Gentlemen who may have the curiosity to understand the 
 Anatomy of the Human Frame. 
 
 " In these Lectures the situation, Figure and Structure of all the 
 parts of the human body will be demonstrated, and their respective 
 Uses explained, and, as far as a Course of Anatomy will permit, their 
 Diseases, with the Indications and method of Cure briefly treated of; 
 all the necessary Operations in Surgery will be performed, a Course 
 of Bandages exhibited, and the whole conclude with an explanation 
 of some of the curious Phenomena that arise from an examination of 
 the Gravid Uterus, and a few plain general Directions in the Study 
 and Practice of Midwifery.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 41 
 
 " The Necessity and public Utility of such a course in this grow- 
 ing Country, and the Method to be pursued therein, will be more 
 particularly explained in an Introductory Lecture to be delivered 
 the 16th Instant, at six o'clock in the Evening, at the State House 
 by William Shippen jun. M.D. 
 
 " N. B. The Managers and Physicians of the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital, at a Special Meeting, have generously consented to coun- 
 tenance and encourage this Undertaking ; and to make it more en- 
 tertaining and profitable have granted him the use of some curious 
 Anatomical Casts and Drawings (just arrived in the Carolina, 
 Capt. Friend), presented by the judicious and benevolent Doctor 
 FOTHERGILL, who has improved every Opportunity of promot- 
 ing the Interest and Usefulness of that noble and flourishing Insti- 
 tution," 
 
 According to this announcement, the Introductory Lecture was 
 delivered. Whether it was printed or not has not been ascertained. 
 
 The Pennsylvania G-azette of Nov. 25, 1762, No. 1770, contains 
 the following : 
 
 " Dr. Shippen's Anatomical Lectures will begin to morrow Even- 
 ing, at six o'clock, at his Father's house in Fourth street. 
 
 " Tickets for the course to be had of the Doctor, at five Pistoles 
 each; and any Gentlemen who incline to see the subject prepared 
 for the Lectures, and learn the art of Dissecting, Injecting, &c., are 
 to pay five Pistoles more." 
 
 Those lectures were repeated during the winters of 1763-64 and 
 of 1764-65, three courses. 
 
 Dr. Shippen had thus established a private school of anatomy. 
 The announcement of these lectures does not suggest that he regarded 
 them as first steps in the formation of a complete medical college in 
 which he expected to have, in time, the cooperation of competent 
 teachers ; nor has any testimony been found to show that he intended 
 to make his private school a part of the College of Philadelphia. 
 Some months after Dr. Morgan had presented his plan of establish- 
 ing a public school of medicine, he became a candidate for the pro- 
 fessorship of anatomy. His enterprise, the first of the kind in 
 America, for which he has been justly praised, had, no doubt, a
 
 42 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 quickening influence, and prepared the way to the adoption of Dr. 
 Morgan's scheme. He was a pioneer. 
 
 Nevertheless, the credit of founding the first school of medicine 
 established in America under a chartered institution belongs exclu- 
 sively to Dr. John Morgan. The importance of the foundation is 
 manifest in the palpable advantages Avhich the community has derived 
 fiom it. Their consequence enhances the merit of his work, and 
 that gives interest to whatever relates to his career. 
 
 Dr. Morgan was buried beside his wife, under the middle aisle of 
 St. Peter's Church, October 17, 1789. 
 
 Angelica Kauffman painted a portrait of him while he was in 
 Rome, in 1764. The picture is in the possession of his relatives at 
 Morganza, Pa. A copy of it is in the Wistar and Horner Museum 
 of the University. A photograph of an etching from the original 
 was made, not very long ago, by F. Gutekunst, of this city. 
 
 The record of proceedings of the College shows that during the 
 year 1790, nineteen meetings were held, all occupied chiefly by the 
 afiairs of the College. 
 
 On the 21st of April, twenty Fellows, in a body, to represent the 
 Society, attended the funeral of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 The by-laws were printed for the first time and presented to the 
 Fellows, June Ist.^ 
 
 At a special meeting, held on Friday, at 5 o'clock, p. m., July 9th, 
 "in the Grammar School," twenty-five Fellows being present. Dr. 
 Rush delivered an eulogium on Dr. William Cullen, late Professor 
 of the Practice of Physic in the University of Edinburgh, in com- 
 pliance with the unanimous wish of the College, May 4, 1790, to do 
 honor to his distinguished character, and to express its sense of the 
 loss which the republic of medicine has sustained in his death. 
 
 October 5th, Dr. Samuel Duffield was elected treasurer of the 
 College, vice Dr. Gerardus Clarkson. 
 
 1 At that time the Fellows of the College numbered 28. 
 Sect. 1, Art. VIII. of the by-laws: "No member shall divulge the private 
 transactions of the College."
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 43 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. GERARDUS CLARKSON. 
 
 Dr. Gerardus Clarkson, the youngest of the six children of 
 Mathew Clarkson and his wife, Cornelia Banker de Peyster, was 
 born in the city of New York, in 1737. His father died at the age 
 of forty years. His mother removed to New Brunswick, N. J., and 
 there married the Rev. Gilbert Tennent, pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Church. Shortly afterward, in 1743, Mr, Tennent was called to 
 the New Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia. 
 
 Gerardus was educated under the supervision of his stepfather, at 
 Log College, Bucks Co., Pa., then under the direction of the Rev. 
 William Tennent, father of Gilbert. He studied medicine under 
 Dr. Thomas Bond. At the close of his apprenticeship, he went to 
 Europe in 1760, and after a prolonged absence returned and settled 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 Relative to the career of Dr. Gerardus Clarkson, the first treasurer 
 of the College, only meagre and unsatisfactory statements have been 
 found in print. The Pennsylvania G-azette for Sept. 22, 1790, tells 
 us that Dr. Gerardus Clarkson died on Sunday, Sept. 19th, in the 
 fifty-third year of his age, leaving a numerous and respectable family ; 
 and that his public and private and religious character was in every 
 sense exemplary. The compiler of the Lives of Eminent Philadel- 
 phians now deceased, merely informs us that he was a son of jNIathew 
 C. Clarkson, of New York, and that he was practising medicine as 
 early as 1774. 
 
 It is registered in Christ Church, Philadelphia, that Gerardus 
 Clarkson married. May 13, 1761, Mary Flower. She died, and was 
 buried in St. Peter's churchyard January 20, 1795. 
 
 He is named among the members of the Philadelphia Medical 
 Society in 1766 or '67. He was elected a member of the American 
 Philosophical Society Oct. 14, 1768, and a trustee of the University 
 of the State of Pennsylvania July 21, 1780. The minutes show that 
 he was rarely absent from the meetings of the board of trustees. The 
 duties of treasurer of the College he discharged exactly. Diligent 
 inquiry for more information about his life has been fruitless. He 
 was buried in Christ Church cemetery Sept. 20, 1790. There is tes-
 
 44 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 timony that he was a pious, affectionate, modest, beloved physician, 
 and was mourned by a large circle of friends. John Swanwick has 
 expressed lament for his loss in verses which are among his poems, 
 published in 1797.^ 
 
 December 7, 1790, the committee on the annual statement of 
 prevalent diseases presented a report. 
 
 Drs. Jones, Rush, and Parke were appointed to prepare an address, 
 asking Congress to discourage the importation and use of distilled 
 spirits. 
 
 Dr. Abraham Chovet, one of the founders, died March 24, 1790. 
 His death is not recorded in the minutes of proceedings. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. ABRAHAM CHOVET.^ 
 
 Of the twelve senior founders of the College Dr. Chovet is one who 
 was not born in or near Philadelphia. At the time of forming the 
 Society his years exceeded fourscore. At such an advanced age men 
 are not invited to engage in a new enterprise unless their qualifica- 
 tions are eminent in the estimation of their colleagues. And it is 
 notable that the publications of his time tell us very little about Dr. 
 Chovet. It is only by joining together fragments, a paragraph here 
 and a sentence there, that an outline of his character and career can 
 be sketched at the present time. 
 
 Mary Ann Marshall presented to the Pennsylvania Hospital an 
 admirable miniature wrought of wax in high i-elief, on the back of 
 the framing of which is deeply scratched, "Abraham Chovet, born 
 May 25, 1704— Drawn May 25, 1784, by his servant Dr. Van 
 Eeckhout." 
 
 In the letter, dated Christmas, 1871, which accompanied the gift. 
 Miss Marshall states that the miniature was presented to her grand- 
 
 ^ Poems on Several Occasions, by John Swanwick, Esq., one of the Kepresen- 
 tatives in the Congress of the United States from the State of Pennsylvania, 
 Philadelphia, 1797. 
 
 ^ This is not a French but an English patronymic ; one of a class of two syl- 
 lable names ending in ei or ett, as Cobbett, Collet, Corbet, Dallet, Govet, Levet, 
 Lovet, Plunket, Nisbet.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF r'HILADELPHIA. 45 
 
 father in 1793, by Mrs. Susannah Maria Penelope Abington, the 
 doctor's daughter, who died in 1813. Both she and her father were 
 buried in Christ Church cemetery, at the corner of Arch and Fifth 
 Streets. Dr. Chovet was born in England and educated in London. 
 He fled to Philadelphia with his widowed daughter from one of the 
 West India islands to escape from an insurrection of slaves, some 
 years before our revolution. 
 
 It is stated in Memorials of the Craft of Surgery in JEngland, by 
 John Flint South, London, 1886, that Mr. Abraham Chovett was 
 appointed, Aug. 21, 1735, Demonstrator of Anatomy in the United 
 Company of Barbers and Surgeons, and resigned Aug. 19, 1736. 
 The identity of that demonstrator of anatomy and this founder of the 
 College can scarcely be doubted, though the printer has given to his 
 name a redundant t. 
 
 The tombstone of Mrs. Abington, Dr. Chovet's daughter, tells that 
 she was born Oct. 30, 1736, and died April 3, 1813. Construed in 
 connection with the date of his appointment in the United Company 
 of Barbers and Surgeons, this record implies that he was married in 
 London. 
 
 His wife died in Philadelphia, and was buried in Christ Church 
 cemetery February 12, 1785. 
 
 A periodical of the time announces that Dr. Abraham Chovet, an 
 eminent anatomist and extraordinary man, died, of an acute disease, 
 March 24, 1790, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. 
 
 He visited his patients in all weathers till within a few weeks 
 before his death. A few minutes before he died he requested his 
 family to give him a plain funeral, and by no means to have the bells 
 rung for him, because he wished not to disturb sick people by such 
 an unnecessary noise. 
 
 The custom of ringing a passing hell was originally a signal of a 
 soul's passing from this world into the world of spirits, and intended 
 to call upon all persons within the sound of that bell to fall on their 
 knees and pray for that departed soul. 
 
 Dr. Chovet said, " that physician was an impostor who did not 
 live till he was eighty." He devoted the early part of his life to the 
 study of anatomy, under the ablest anatomists of Europe. He after- 
 ward settled in the island of Jamaica, where he continued his
 
 46 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 anatomical dissections and studies. He came to Philadelphia in 
 1770.^ 
 
 Dr. John Morgan says, in his paper on the " Art of Making 
 Anatomical Preparations by Corrosion : " " Dr. Chovet, now [1786] 
 resident in this city, has indeed a good collection of Avax preparations 
 of different parts of the human body, which he made in his younger 
 days and brought hither from Europe."^ 
 
 Christopher Marshall, who had accumulated a competency as a 
 druggist and retired from business before the American Revolution 
 began, attended Dr, Chovet's lecture, January 27, 1775. 
 
 His advertisement was thus : " At the Anatomical Museum in 
 Videl's Alley, Second Street, on Wednesday, the seventh of Decem- 
 ber, at six in the evening, Dr Chovet will begin his course of 
 Anatomical and Physiological lectures, in which the several parts of 
 the human body will be demonstrated, with their mechanism and 
 actions, together with the doctrines of life, health, and the several 
 effects resulting from the actions of the parts ; on his curious collec- 
 tion of anatomical wax-works, and other natural preparations ; to be 
 continued the whole winter until the course is completed. 
 
 "As this course cannot be attended with the disagreeable sight or 
 smell of recent deceased and putrid carcases, which often disgust even 
 the students of Physic, as well as the curious, otherwise inclined to 
 this useful and sublime part of natural philosophy, it is hoped this 
 undertaking will meet with suitable encouragement. 
 
 " Tickets to be had for the whole course at Dr. Chovet's house in 
 Second Street, Philadelphia."^ 
 
 The price of a ticket was three guineas. 
 
 In his history of the institution. Dr. George B. Wood states that the 
 Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital, in April, 1793, purchased 
 from the executors of this eminent and somewhat eccentric physician, 
 his collection of anatomical preparations and wax models, then re- 
 garded as masterpieces of the art. They, with the Fothergill crayons 
 
 ^ The Universal As^^lum and Columbian Magazine, for March, 1790, p. 138. 
 
 * Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. ii. p. 366, 1786. 
 
 ' Passages from the Diary of Christopher Marshall, kept in Philadelphia and 
 Lancaster during the American Revolution. Edited by William Duane. 
 Philadelphia : Hazard & Mitchell, 1839-49.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 47 
 
 and casts, were given to the University of Pennsylvania, in April, 
 1824. Those which have not been ruined by frequent moving are 
 still in the Wistar and Horner Museum at the University. 
 
 It is related that a contrite Tory, Isaac Hunt, was in a cart riding 
 through the streets, and at different halts confessing his eri'ors and 
 asking pardon of a following mob of persecutors, to earn exemption 
 from a threatened coat of tar and feathers. When they stopped at 
 his corner. Dr. Kearsley, who was known. to be an enthusiastic Tory, 
 threw up his window and snapped a pistol twice at the crowd. He 
 was immediately seized and disarmed. They took Hunt out of the 
 cart and allowed him to be conducted to his home. Dr. Kearsley 
 was placed in the cart and paraded through the streets with beating 
 drum, and, although he made no concessions, he was left at his 
 home. 
 
 The same day, Sept. 6, 1775, Dr. Chovet, also a Tory, in dread 
 of tar and feathers, sought asylum at the house of Christopher Mar- 
 shall, but was refused entrance. Late in the evening he tapped at 
 the window to announce his narrow escape. He had been several 
 hours concealed under the hay in Mr. Marshall's stable, where the 
 tar and feathering party sought him twice, and once were very near, 
 as he believed, on the point of discovering him. 
 
 Dr. Kearsley was arrested the next day, and, being staunchly 
 loyal to the king, was imprisoned, sent to Carlisle, Pa. and died 
 there November, 1777,^ still a prisoner. 
 
 Dr. Bridges announced to the College, Dec. 4, 1867, that he had 
 received, through Dr. Alexander Wilcocks, of this city, from Mrs. 
 L. C. Hay, of Trenton, N. J., a portrait of Dr. Abraham Chovet. At 
 the next meeting of the College the Hall Committee was authorized 
 to have it cleaned and framed. 
 
 The picture is in the library of the College. It is a likeness of 
 the full face only, wearing a cheerful, animated expression. 
 
 Dr. Chovet is represented to have been a man of small, almost 
 dwarfish stature, and of a mirthful, jocular disposition. It is related 
 that he received and opened a ship letter at " the coflFee house," and 
 was asked what news it brought. He sedately answered, "I am in- 
 
 ^ Christopher Marshall's Remembrancer.
 
 48 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 formed that a cobbler whose stall was on London bridge has just died, 
 and, has left — Gentlemen, how much do you suppose?" One an- 
 swered, a hundred pounds. "No," replied the Doctor, "guess 
 again." Several sums were named, but the Doctor shook his head. 
 One mentioned five thousand pounds. Then the Doctor pocketed 
 his letter, and as he was passing quickly into the street, said, *■' Gen- 
 tlemen — not a farthing." 
 
 Watson, in his Annals of Philadelphia, describes his appearance 
 in advanced life. According to the tradition which he records. Dr. 
 Chovet, enfeebled by age, might be seen almost daily, shuffling along 
 in seeming haste. His bowed head, which leaned forward beyond 
 the cape of his old-fashioned black coat, was covered by a small 
 cocked hat, closely turned up behind upon the crown and cocked in 
 front, which did not conceal his long white hair. He lacked teeth 
 and his compressed lips were in continuous motion as if he were 
 crunching something. He carried a gold-headed Indian cane, se- 
 cured by a black silken string, dangling from his wrist. The heels 
 of his capacious shoes, well lined in winter season with thick woollen 
 cloth, and ferrule of his cane might be heard jingling and scraping 
 the pavement at every step. On the street he always seemed to be 
 hastening, as fast as his aged limbs would permit, to a patient dan- 
 gerously ill, without looking to the right or the left. 
 
 It is said that he used expletives freely in his conversation, and 
 was notable for sarcastic wit.^ 
 
 These little bits of history do not imply that his career was alwaye 
 smooth. Necessity to go on foot at his very advanced age — ^even up 
 to a few weeks of his death — to visit patients in all kinds of weather, 
 signifies that his was not a victorious business life. Yet, his charac- 
 ter and the high quality of his professional acquirements entitle him 
 to rank among the eminent seniors of the College, and with them to 
 respectful remembrance. 
 
 The average attendance at the meetings of the College during 
 1791 was 12.2. 
 
 1 Watson's Annals of Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 181. 
 
 Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now deceased. William Brother- 
 head. Philadelphia, 1859.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 49 
 
 April 1st. Dr. Benjamin Say was elected Treasurer, vice Dr. 
 Samuel DuiSeld resigned. 
 
 July 5tli. Dr. William Shippen, Jr., was elected Vice-President 
 in place of Dr. John Jones, deceased. 
 
 August 2d. Dr. Redman thanked the College for his reelection as 
 President. 
 
 September 6th. To enable the College to hire a room suitable for 
 its meetings and accommodation of its library, it was determined to 
 increase the entrance fee to ten pounds ($26.66), and after July, 
 1792, the annual contribution to four dollars. 
 
 December 6th. A room in the hall of the American Philosophical 
 Society had been leased from December 10, 1791, till June 10, 1794, 
 — three years and a half — for thirty pounds ($79.80) prepaid — less 
 than $23 a year — and the room furnished at a cost of $72. The 
 thanks of the College had been presented to the Trustees of the 
 late College and Academy of Philadelphia for the use of a room. 
 The Society's beginning as an independent householder was modest, 
 inexpensive. 
 
 NOTICE OF DE. JOHN JONES. 
 
 The decease of Dr. Jones is not mentioned in the record of pro- 
 ceedings. But in returning thanks to the College for his reelection 
 to the presidency. Dr. John Redman said, August 2, 1791, "I 
 should not have been easy under the sense I had of my growing in- 
 firmities of body and mind for some time past, to have continued to 
 accept the honor you have so repeatedly conferred upon me, but 
 from the consideration that you always joined a colleague with me as 
 Vice-President, whose eminence and reputation in our profession, 
 and whose clearness of judgement, vigor of faculties, and easy 
 manner of conveying his sentiments, together with his friendly dis- 
 position to aid me, fully obviated and prevented any ill effects, natur- 
 ally to be expected from declining age, and rendered my situation 
 more pleasant than otherwise it might have been. But though much 
 and justly respected by us, and all connected with him in kindred, 
 friendship, and business, he was mortal, and he has gone — no more 
 to return, to aid by his talents, or gratify us by his presence at our 
 
 4
 
 50 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 meetings, or cheer us by his affability, agreeable converse, and polite 
 manners. And, therefore (though somewhat late and unseasonable), 
 I must indulge myself in sympathizing Avith you and regretting the 
 real loss which the republic of medicine in general, and our col- 
 legiate society in particular, have sustained thereby. Much did I 
 expect, from his being several years younger than myself, and so 
 well and justly esteemed by you, that he would be my next successor; 
 and from a settled resolution soon to request my dismission (if not 
 otherwise removed), I sometimes flattered myself with having the 
 pleasure to see him raised to your presidential chair — to which I 
 should most heartily have concurred — as well on account of his own 
 merit and qualifications, as because it would have been highly grati- 
 fying to me to be a living witness of our College being headed by 
 one whose eminence in more than one of the material branches of 
 medical science, and reputation among our citizens in general was 
 still very flourishing, and whose connection with and estimation in 
 which he was held by the higher orders and rank of them, was so 
 conspicuous and intimate, as might contribute to the greater external 
 dignity of the institution, and render its influence more powerful 
 and effectual on any particular occasion of public utility, wherein it 
 might be thought requisite or be called upon to exert it." 
 
 The first President's tribute to the memory of the first Vice- 
 President excites curiosity now to know something of his career. 
 Dr. Redman speaks only of those personal qualities which made 
 him a beloved companion, when a dozen Fellows, more or less, 
 assembled at the afternoon meetings and discussed matters in a col- 
 loquial manner, both before the meeting was called to order and after 
 its adjournment. The record implies that the formal proceedings 
 seldom occupied much time. Dr. Joseph Parrish, in his obituary 
 notice of Dr. Thomas Parke, alludes to tradition of the early meetings 
 where the elders and juniors mingled in pleasant and profitable con- 
 versation. 
 
 Dr. John Jones, son of Dr. Evan Jones (and grandson of Edward 
 Jones, whose wife Mary was the eldest daughter of Dr. Thomas 
 Wynne), was born at Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y., in 1729. All 
 his grandparents belonged to the Society of Friends, and were born
 
 INSTITUTION OP COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 51 
 
 and lived in Wales prior to 1682. In that year Edward Jones and 
 his family settled in Merion Township, County of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 After studvino; medicine for some time under the direction of Dr. 
 Thomas Cadwalader and of his father, who practised medicine in 
 Philadelphia for a while before he removed to Long Island,^ John 
 Jones went to Europe, continued his studies in London, Edinburgh, 
 and Paris, and, in 1757, received the degree of M.D. from the 
 University of Rheims. 
 
 On his return from Europe, he settled in New York and obtained 
 practice. About the year 1758, he was a surgeon in the colonial 
 army employed against the French. At the close of this war he 
 resumed private practice. When a medical department was estab- 
 lished in what was then King's College, 1768, he was appointed 
 professor of surgery.^ 
 
 He was chosen, April 21, 1769, a member of the American Philo- 
 sophical Society, and elected a member of its Council, January, 
 1786. 
 
 In the autumn of 1775, he published -P?am Remarks on Wounds 
 and Fractures^ for the use of surgeons of the army and navy, very 
 many of whom at that time lacked surgical experience. In the then 
 critical condition of American aifairs, the work was regarded as op- 
 portune and valuable. 
 
 About the close of the year 1779, or the beginning of 1780, he 
 settled in Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1780 he succeeded Dr. John Redman as one of the Physicians 
 of the Pennsylvania Hospital ; was elected the first President of the 
 Humane Society, and a consulting physician of the Philadelphia 
 Dispensary. 
 
 In 1786 he was elected the first Vice-President of the College of 
 Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 Dr. John Jones was especially distinguished as a successful lithoto- 
 mist, and also as an accoucheur. He was generally considered to be 
 the foremost American surgeon of his day, noted for the prudence 
 
 ^ The Early Physicians of Philadelphia and its Vicinity. By James J. 
 Levick, M.D. 
 
 "^ History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 By Joseph Carson, M.D., etc. Note p. 68.
 
 62 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 of the plan and the celerity of his operations, a quality very highly 
 valued before the introduction of anaesthetics.^ 
 
 He Avas an intimate friend and the physician of Dr. Benjamin 
 Franklin, and attended him in his last illness. He -was also the 
 family physician of President Washington after the government of 
 the United States was removed to Philadelphia. 
 
 Dr. Jones personally was of medium but slender stature. His 
 chest was well-formed. He was frequently afflicted with asthma. 
 He had a quick and penetrating eye, a cheerful though sedate coun- 
 tenance, and his whole deportment was urbane. His gravity of ap- 
 pearance and dignity of manners never failed to command respect. 
 
 Few persons possessed more of those engaging qualities which 
 render a man estimable, both professionally and otherwise, than Dr. 
 Jones. His conversation was most pleasing. His language flowed 
 in an easy, spontaneous manner, and was animated by a vein of 
 sprightly but always unoffending wit, which delighted while it secured 
 attention. He was a belles-lettres scholar ; was observant, and pos- 
 sessed a good memory ; and was ever a most agreeable, entertaining, 
 and instructive companion. 
 
 Dr. Jones died June 23, 1791, in the sixty-third year of his age, 
 very sincerely and widely regretted. 
 
 The average attendance at the meetings during 1792 was 10.1. 
 
 March 6th. Dr. Waters volunteered to be librarian for one year. 
 
 April 3d. The printing of a volume of transactions was discussed; 
 Drs. Shippen, Rush, and Griffitts were appointed, June 5th, to pre- 
 pare a preface for the work, and papers to be printed were selected 
 by ballot. 
 
 1 The Surgical Works of the late John Jones, M.D. Formerly Professor of 
 Surgery in the College of New York, Fellow [?] of the American Philosophical 
 Society, President of the Humane Society, and Vice-President of the College 
 of Physicians of Philadelphia, Physician of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and 
 Philadelphia Dispensary. The third edition. To which are added a short 
 account of the life of the author with occasional notes and observations. By 
 James Mease, M.D., Resident Physician of the Port of Philadelphia. Printed 
 by Wrigley & Berriman, Phihidelphia, 1795. 
 
 Copy presented by Dr. Mease to the Library Company of Philadelphia.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 53 
 
 July 3d. The publication of Transactions was postponed and the 
 committee discharged. 
 
 November 6th. At his own request, Dr. Waters was superseded as 
 librarian by Dr. Leib ; and as a member of the Committee on 
 Meteorology by Dr. Parke. 
 
 The minutes of 1792 are brief, without interesting record. Two 
 Fellows were elected, and one of the Seniors died. The loss is not 
 noted. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. GEORGE GLENTWORTH. 
 
 Dr. George Glentworth was born in Philadelphia, July 22, 1735. 
 
 After completing an academic course, he was apprenticed to Dr. 
 Peter Sonmans, a physician and surgeon of extensive practice, and 
 a member of the American Philosophical Society from October, 
 1768. He died March 15, 1776, aged sixty-seven years. 
 
 At the close of his apprenticeship. Dr. Glentworth was appointed 
 a junior surgeon in the British Army. 
 
 He went to Europe in 1755, spent three years attending hospitals 
 and lectures, and, after defending a thesis on pulmonary consumption, 
 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 On his return to Philadelphia he became the partner of Dr. Son- 
 mans. 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society 
 October 14, 1768. 
 
 In 1777 he relinquished a large practice, and accepted, first the 
 appointment of a regimental surgeon, and afterward that of a senior 
 surgeon in the military hospital of the American army. He re- 
 sumed private practice in 1780. 
 
 In 1786 he joined in founding the College of Physicians, and was 
 one of the twelve Senior Fellows. 
 
 He died from an attack of gout November 4, 1792, aged 57 years. 
 
 It is represented that he was noted for his humanity to the poor ; 
 for his good temper and agreeable deportment, and for being a con- 
 stant reader of professional books. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Samuel Magaw, on the Sunday next after his
 
 54 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 funeral, spoke of him from his pulpit. He said: "Thy fellow 
 citizens, thy neighborhood, thy family, thy church, miss thee, vener- 
 able man, Glentworth ! the faithful, the experienced, able, successful 
 physician, whose pleasing unwearied task it was, by day and by 
 night, to soften and relieve the ills of sickly human nature ; Glent- 
 worth, the mild, the sociable, the friendly, the intelligent, the patri- 
 otic citizen ; Glentworth, the amiable pattern of domestic attention, 
 worth and respectability. The testimony to thy virtues, given in 
 this solemn place, is short ; not so shall be the remembrance of them."^ 
 
 Notable and interestinfj events connected with the College occurred 
 during the year 1793. The average attendance at the nineteen 
 meetings was 10.5. 
 
 Dr. William Clarkson resigned February 9th, because new and 
 different engagements would prevent him from discharging his duties 
 in the College. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. WILLIAM CLARKSON. 
 
 Dr. William Clarkson, a son of Dr. Gerardus Clarkson, was born 
 November 7, 1763. He was a graduate of the College of New 
 Jersey, and, in 1785, of the medical department of the University 
 of the State of Pennsylvania. After his resignation from the Col- 
 lege of Physicians he entered the ministry of the Presbyterian 
 Church. He was settled in Bridgeton, N. J. ; in Schenectady, 
 N. Y. ; in Savannah, Ga., and in John's Island, S. C, where he 
 died September 9, 1812. 
 
 He married Catharine, a daughter of William Floyd, who was 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 May 7th. Article 7 of the Constitution was amended so as to read : 
 " The business of the Censors shall be to inspect the records and 
 examine the accounts and expenditures of the College, and report 
 thereon. And all communications made to the College, after being 
 read at one of the stated meetings, shall be referred to the President, 
 Vice-President, Censors, and such other members of the College as 
 
 1 Columbian Magazine, p. 367, vol. 9, 1792.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 55 
 
 shall be nominated for the purpose, who shall determine by vote 
 taken by ballot, on the propriety of publishing them in the Trans- 
 actions of the College." 
 
 Under a rule of this kind, unimportant or imperfectly considered 
 essays had little chance of publication 
 
 A committee to print,^ another to publish," and a third^ to prepare 
 a preface for the first volume of Transactions were appointed. 
 
 A special meeting was held August 25th, to consider what steps 
 the College should take, consistently with duty to their fellow citizens, 
 in connection with "the prevalence of a fever of a very alarming 
 nature in some parts of the city." Drs. Rush, Hutchinson, Say, 
 and Wistar, were appointed to consider the subject and report the 
 next day. 
 
 August 26th. It was resolved to meet every Monday at four o'clock 
 P.M., "to confer upon the treatment of the existing malignant fever." 
 The following "directions for preventing the further progress of the 
 malignant fever" were adopted, signed by the Vice-President and 
 Secretary, and a copy ordered to be sent to the Mayor of the city. 
 
 August 26, 1793. The College of Physicians having taken into 
 consideration the malignant and contagious fever which now prevails 
 in this city, have agreed to recommend to their fellow citizens the 
 following means of preventing its progress : 
 
 First. That all unnecessary intercourse should be avoided with 
 such persons as are infected by it. 
 
 Second. To place a mark upon the door or windows of such 
 houses as have any infected persons therein. 
 
 Third. To place the persons infected in the centre of large and 
 airy rooms, in beds without curtains, and to pay the strictest regard 
 to cleanliness by frequently changing their body and bed linen; also 
 by removing as speedily as possible all offensive matters from their 
 rooms. 
 
 Fourth. To provide a large and airy hospital, in the neighbor- 
 hood of the city, for the reception of such poor persons as cannot be 
 accommodated with the above advantages in private houses. 
 
 1 Eoss, Wistar, and Griffitts. ' Leib, Currie, and Gibbons. 
 
 ^ Rush, Shippen, and Griffitts.
 
 56 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Fifth. To put a stop to the Tolling of the Bells. 
 
 Sixth. To bury such persons as die of this Fever in carriages, 
 and in as private a manner as possible. 
 
 Seventh. To keep the streets and wharves of the city as clean as 
 possible. As the contagion of the disease may be taken into the 
 body, and pass out of it without producing the fever, unless it be 
 rendered active by some occasional cause, the following means should 
 be attended to, to prevent the contagion being excited into action in 
 the body : 
 
 Eighth. To avoid all fatigue of body and mind. 
 
 Ninth. To avoid standing or sitting in the sun, also in a current 
 of air, or in the evening air. 
 
 Tenth. To accommodate the dress to the weather, and to exceed 
 rather in warm than in cool clothing. 
 
 Eleventh. To avoid intemperance ; but to use fermented liquors, 
 such as wine, beer, and cider, with moderation. 
 
 The College conceives Fires to be a very ineffectual if not dangerous 
 means of checking the progress of the fever. They have reason to 
 place more dependence upon the burning of Gunpowder. The 
 benefits of Vinegar and Camphor are confined chiefly to infected 
 rooms, and they cannot be used too frequently upon handkerchiefs 
 or in smelling bottles by persons whose duty calls them to visit or 
 attend the sick. 
 
 (The original of the above, with some erasures and some words 
 interlined, is in the writing of Dr. Rush.) 
 
 September 3d. An account of yellow fever in 1762, with the 
 method of cure, by Dr. John Redman, was read. For his important 
 communication the College voted him its thanks.^ 
 
 The Secretary reported that twenty-six copies of the first part of 
 Vol. I. of the Transactions of the College had been received from 
 the publisher. The printing committee was directed to send a copy 
 to the author of each paper in the volume, and to the medical societies 
 of the United States and of Europe. 
 
 Ordered that the College meet every Tuesday and Friday, at 4 
 o'clock, p. M. 
 
 1 The original MS., written by Dr. Redman, is in the library of the College
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 57 
 
 September 6th. A letter was received from Dr. Rush, "recom- 
 mending the liberal use of mercury, particularly in the first stage " 
 of the epidemic ! Also, from Dr. Charlton, President of the Medical 
 Society of the State of New York, asking information concerning 
 the contagious fever now prevalent in the city. 
 
 Letters of similar import were received from the Secretary of the 
 Treasury and Dr. Stevens, of New York, September 13th. 
 
 September 17th. Drs. Redman and Currie were the only Fellows 
 present. After this day there was no meeting of the College till 
 November 5th. Then the President submitted a note, in substance : 
 October 1st. The President and Secretary, as well as many other 
 members, being sick, several out of town, and the few remaining 
 being very much engaged, the President and Secretary, after an 
 exchange of letters on the subject, had determined not to issue 
 notices of meetings. 
 
 The President had received letters of inquiry from the Massa- 
 chusetts Medical Society, and from Dr. Buchanan, of Baltimore. 
 Being too ill to answer them, the Secretary had acknowledged their 
 receipt. 
 
 He had also received, October 30, a letter from Governor Mifflin, 
 asking : 
 
 " Was the disorder imported or not ? If imported, by what 
 means and from what place ? If not imported, what were the prob- 
 able causes that produced it ? 
 
 " What measures ought to be pursued to purify the city from any 
 latent infection ; and what precautions are best calculated to guard 
 against a future occurrence of the calamity ? 
 
 " I am persuaded that the public spirit and benevolence of the 
 College of Physicians will induce them cheerfully to excuse and 
 comply with this request, which is intended to establish a foundation 
 for regulations that may cooperate with their professional labors in 
 preserving their fellow-citizens the invaluable blessing of health." 
 
 Drs. Ross, Parke, Currie, Carson, Foulke, B. Duffield, and 
 Wistar were appointed a committee to prepare a reply to the 
 Governor's questions. 
 
 It is probable that Dr. Rush was acquainted with the contents of 
 Governor Mifflin's letter, and that the members of the committee of
 
 58 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 August 25th, of -wliich he was chairman, were not unanimous in 
 opinion as to the source and nature of the epidemic. At the time, 
 Dr. Rush was confident that tlie origin of the disease was domestic, 
 and tliat it was highly contagious. He subsequently (1798) aban- 
 doned his belief in the contagion of yellow fever. He was not in 
 accord with some Fellows of the College on the subject which 
 engaged so much attention. 
 
 Dr. Rush, the most renowned physician of Philadelphia, who had 
 been an active Fellow of the College from its foundation, sent to the 
 President the following letter : 
 
 For the President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia : 
 
 Dear Sir : I beg you would convey, by means of this letter, my 
 resignation of my Fellowship in the College of Physicians. 
 
 I request at the same time their acceptance of a copy of Dr. 
 Wallis's edition of the works of Dr. Sydenham. 
 
 With the tenderest sentiments of respect for yourself, I am, dear 
 Sir, your sincere friend and the College's Avell wisher, 
 
 Benjamin Rush. 
 
 Philadelphia, November 5, 1793. 
 
 The resignation was accepted, and the Secretary directed to thank 
 him for the gift of books. Why did he resign ? 
 
 Dr. Charles Caldwell, who was a pupil of Dr. Rush, in his auto- 
 biography describes the introductory lecture delivered to the medical 
 class at the University in November, 1793, by Dr. Rush after his 
 resignation from the College of Physicians. He says : 
 
 "The discourse, though highly colored, and marked by not a 
 few figures of fancy and bursts of feeling, was, notwithstanding, 
 sufiiciently fraught with substantial matter to render it no less 
 instructive than it was fascinating. Though fifty-two years and 
 more than seven months have passed over me since the time of its 
 delivery, yet are many of the representations it contained as fresh in 
 my memory as the occurrences of yesterday ; and were I master of 
 the pencil, I could accurately delineate the figure, countenance, atti- 
 tude, and entire manner of the professor, as he sat at his desk. 
 
 "Nor was the lecture entirely sombre, lugubrious, and pathetic.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 59 
 
 Far from it. Among other topics, the Doctor referred to the abuse 
 and persecution he had sustained from the College of Physicians 
 of Philadelphia, as a body, and from several individual physi- 
 cians of the place, on account of the extent to which he had carried 
 bloodletting in his practice in the epidemic, but more especially on 
 account of a purgative dose he had introduced, which in size was de- 
 nounced as perfectly enormous. It was a mixture of ten grains of 
 calomel and ten of jalap — a dose which is now accounted moderate, 
 at least, if not diminutive. But previously to that time calomel had 
 never been so copiously administered in Philadelphia, nor, as far as 
 I am informed, in any other part of the Middle or Eastern Atlantic 
 States. From three to five or six grains of that article had been re- 
 garded until then as an ample dose. 
 
 " In his representations of the wrongs he had thus suffered, and of 
 the calumnies and invectives with which he and his practice had been 
 assailed, the Doctor was sufficiently sarcastic and trenchant. Nor 
 were his remarks altogether unspiced with humor and ridicule. Of 
 the denunciation of his purgative dose of teyi and ten, as it was con- 
 temptuously called by his enemies and revilers, he gave the following 
 terse and ludicrous account : 
 
 " ' Dr. Kuhn,' said he, ' called it a murderous dose ! Dr. Hodge 
 called it a dose for a liorse ! And Barton called it a devil of a dose ! 
 Dr. H.,' he continued, 'who is nearly as large as Goliath of Gath, 
 and quite as vauntful and malignant, even threatened to give me a 
 flogging. Dr. H. flog me ! Why, gentlemen, if a horse kicks me, 
 I will not kick him back again. But here is my man Ben (his coach- 
 man) whose trade is to beat beasts. He is willing to meet Dr. H. 
 in my place, and play brute with him as soon as he pleases. I have 
 that to do which belongs to a man.' "^ 
 
 November 12th. The committee appointed to prepare a reply to 
 the Governor's communication submitted a report which was recom- 
 
 ' Autobiography of Charles Caldwell, M.D. "With a preface, notes, and 
 appendix. By Harriot W. Warner. Lippincott, Grambo & Co., Philadel- 
 phia, 1855. Pages 183, 184. 
 
 Possibly Dr. H. means Dr. Hutchinson, who had been dead, at the time of the 
 lecture, about two months.
 
 60 RUSCIIENBERGER, 
 
 mitted with a request to have the facts authenticated. Drs. Say, 
 Leib, and Barton were added to the committee. 
 
 November 19th. The committee was discharged ; and Drs. Parke, 
 Carson, and GriflBtts were appointed to answer the Governor's com- 
 munication. 
 
 November 26th. A reply to the Governor was adopted ; substan- 
 tially, that the fever was imported in vessels arriving in the port 
 after the middle of July. Cleanliness of the streets, the use of gun- 
 powder as a disinfectant, and of unslacked lime in privy wells were 
 recommended. 
 
 December 3d. Drs. Samuel DuflBeld and Caspar Wistar were 
 elected Censors in place of Dr. Hutchinson, deceased, and Dr. Rush, 
 resigned. 
 
 Dr. Huffh Hodjre was elected a Fellow. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. JAMES HUTCHINSON. 
 
 In his autobiography, Charles Biddle states that Dr. James 
 Hutchinson "was fat enough to act the character of FallstafF without 
 stuffing." His portrait, which is in the Wistar and Horner Museum 
 at the University of Pennsylvania, does not suggest that his person 
 was of such size or figure. Mr. Biddle says : " He took a warm 
 interest in the politics of the State, and was an active member of the 
 then rising Democratic party. Eminent as a practitioner, he fell a 
 victim to his noble efforts in behalf of the humbler class of his fellow 
 citizens in September [7th], 1793." 
 
 Yellow fever in Philadelphia, in 1793, created much alarm among 
 the citizens. Very many left the city in fear of it. Mr. Biddle 
 says : " Although almost afraid to let him come into my house, I 
 sent for Dr. Hutchinson, to advise with him about removing. Before 
 Mrs. Biddle he just mentioned that there was a dangerous fever in 
 town, and that we had best leave it, but when I went to the door 
 with him he told me he had never seen anything so alarming, and 
 desired me to get Mrs. Biddle out of town immediately, and to go 
 myself as soon as I could. He said that, as a physician, he thought 
 it his duty to remain, and let the disorder be ever so bad, he would
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 61 
 
 not leave town. I walked a little way down the street with him. At 
 parting, he gave me his hand, and said it was doubtful whether he 
 should see me again. I laughed at him, little suspecting this would 
 be the last time we should ever meet. It was some days before I 
 could arrange matters so as to leave the city, before this worthy man 
 was taken with the disorder, and died in a few days. He was a very 
 able physician, and one of the best of men. A student of his, who 
 staid with him, said he went to all the poor people who sent for him. 
 Visiting one of them, who was a poor old woman, he caught the 
 infection. This student was with him, and said when the doctor 
 opened the door of the sick woman's room there was such a stench 
 came from it that he ran out of the house. The doctor went in, 
 opened the windows, and sat some time in the room. That night he 
 was taken with the fever, which proved fatal to him. His death 
 increased the alarm very much, and occasioned many to leave the 
 city. He had a great deal of practice, and was respected and 
 esteemed by men of all parties that knew him." 
 
 In this connection, Mr. Biddle says : "What added greatly to the 
 distress of those unhappy persons who took the fever, was the differ- 
 ence of opinion among our most eminent physicians respecting the 
 proper treatment of it. What one recommended, another would 
 condemn, so that all confidence in them was lost. I believe that, in 
 general, too much medicine was given. I was reminded at this time 
 of an anecdote I had often heard Dr. Franklin tell, respecting a 
 malignant fever that was in Barbadoes, which swept off great numbers 
 of the inhabitants. At last they were out of medicine, and it was 
 expected they would all die. It happened, however, otherwise ; for 
 after the medicine was gone, every person that had the disease 
 recovered."^ 
 
 Dr. Adam Kuhn, in his lectures on yellow fever, says that Dr. 
 Shippen informed him that "Mr. Pryor has an account of thirty- 
 three persons who were sick in the part of the city in which he lived. 
 Of these, seventeen had medical assistance, and of the whole number 
 
 1 Autobiography of Charles Biddle, Vice-President of the Supreme Execu- 
 tive Council of Pennsylvania, 1745-1821. Privately printed. E. Claxton & 
 Co. Philadelphia, 1883.
 
 62 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 one recovered ; the other sixteen were not attended by any physician, 
 and of this number one died ! Mr. Pryor had the disease when it 
 prevailed in 17G2. He is a man of observation, and assisted his 
 neighbors, and in his own family directed what he thought proper. 
 His method consisted in fomentations with vinegar to bring on perspi- 
 ration, and in recommending wine whey to support it, by which 
 means, he says, all who followed his directions recovered. 
 
 " The Rev. Mr. Helmuth, Rector of the German Lutheran con- 
 gregation in this city, and who probably saw as many in the disease 
 as any person among us, and who is a gentleman of observation, 
 informs me that some persons, not regularly bred, succeeded much 
 better in the treatment of this disease than the regular physicians. 
 
 "A number of physicians and students of medicine fell victims to 
 the fever. They contracted the disease by their attendance on the 
 sick. They were treated differently, according to the ideas which 
 they or their medical friends entertained of the nature of the fever. 
 Much the greater number, however, of those who died, as I am 
 informed, were attended by gentlemen who were advocates of plentiful 
 bleeding, and purging with calomel and jalap. Another circum- 
 stance which always appeared to me decisive against this mode of 
 practice, is that the great mortality in the city happened after the 
 time that this method became more generally employed."^ 
 
 At the beginning of his illness, Dr. Hutchinson sent for Dr. 
 Kuhn, who, in his lectures on yellow fever, says, substantially, " On 
 Saturday, the 31st of August, and within five hours from the time 
 of the attack, I saw him, and received this account from him : That 
 at three o'clock that morning he was seized with a most violent head- 
 ache, attended with fever. He had gone to bed about eleven o'clock, 
 perfectly well ; indeed, he never felt better, or in higher spirits. He 
 was not sensible of any chilliness, pain in the back, or sickness of 
 the stomach. He had no pain anywhere, except in his head, which 
 he described as excruciating. His skin was dry ; his pulse was not 
 much more frequent or fuller than in health. It was determined he 
 
 1 Lectures on Yellow Fever. By Adam Kuhn. MS. Libr. Coll. Phys. 
 Philadelphia. No. F., 844.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 63 
 
 should take some laxative, and as he preferred cream of tartar, that 
 was directed. 
 
 '' Mrs. Hutchinson, with great anxiety, asked me Avhether it was 
 yellow fever. Observing my embarrassment, he immediately an- 
 swered, ' there is no doubt of it,' for he had that day week examined 
 the houses in Water Street. 
 
 "At my evening visit, I found the laxative had operated once. 
 He was directed to use the cold bath, to take the elixir of vitreol, to 
 drink Ehenish and water, lemonade, and eat ripe fruit. 
 
 " Next morning, I found he had passed a restless night. The 
 pain in the head continued. The cream of tartar had not operated 
 a second time. The bath had refreshed him much. He was desired 
 to repeat the cream of tartar and cold bath. 
 
 "In the evening he informed me that the cream of tartar had 
 operated three times, and to my extreme regret I learned that at 
 each time he had gone down two pair of stairs, besides the steps into 
 his yard, which had fatigued him considerably. He was to repeat 
 the bath, continue the elixir of vitreol and regimen. 
 
 " The next morning, September 2d, he informed me that the 
 cream of tartar had operated eight times after I saw him, and that 
 he was obliged to check it with laudanum, as he felt himself much 
 weakened by it. He was to continue the bath and take an ounce of 
 bark in substance in the course of the day. He had no sickness of 
 stomach ; the headache had abated, though it was not removed. 
 
 " In the evening, I found the bark had purged him violently ; he 
 had not less than ten stools without using any means to check it. I 
 could not help expressing to him my chagrin at so unexpected an 
 effect. I desired him to take fifteen drops of laudanum after every 
 evacuation, until they were suppressed; to continue the bath, etc. 
 He had no sickness of stomach from the beginning; nothing ap- 
 peared unfavorable except debility from too much unintentional 
 purging. 
 
 " Next morning, I found that a single dose of laudanum had 
 checked the purging. Though the pain in the head was abated, he 
 had been restless in the night. He was to continue the bath, bark, 
 and vitreol, and to use laudanum if necessary. 
 
 " In the evening, he had taken six drams of bark ; had three or
 
 64 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 four stools ; the bark had sickened him ; it was therefore discon- 
 tinued, but he was to persevere in the use of the wine, bath, and 
 vitrioL This was the fourth day of his disease. There was no un- 
 favorable symptom, except debility, which was far from considerable ; 
 no sickness of stomach ; no delirium ; pulse regular, good. 
 
 " This was the last time I saw him, for that evening I was so 
 much more indisposed than I had been, that I found myself unable 
 to go out. I therefore, early the next morning, sent him notice of 
 my indisposition, and requested him to call some physician." 
 
 Dr. Currie visited him that day, and daily until he died. 
 
 A few hours after his message had been sent, a pupil of Dr. 
 Hutchinson called on Dr. Kuhn, and informed him that " Dr. Rush 
 had visited Dr. Hutchinson and had recommended him to take jalap 
 and calomel, which the Doctor wished me to know and to have my 
 opinion. My answer was that it Avas impossible for me to give an 
 opinion ; to acquaint Dr. Rush that he had had near thirty stools in 
 three days, and if Dr. Rush thought further purging was necessary, 
 my opinion was, he ought to follow the advice. I was at the same 
 time informed that Dr. Hutchinson was no worse than when I left 
 him." 
 
 In a lecture to his class Dr. Rush had charged Dr. Kuhn with 
 misrepresenting the case of the late Dr. Hutchinson. In defending 
 himself. Dr. Kuhn related the case in detail, and read a statement 
 by Dr. Currie, derived from his own daily record of the case after 
 his attendance besan. 
 
 Dr. Currie wrote : " I made Dr. Hutchinson a visit on the 4th of 
 September, about eleven o'clock a.m., which was the fourth day of 
 his fever. He was then sitting up in bed, conversing with the Health 
 Oflacer of the Port on business relative to his office. 
 
 "After the health officer left, he gave me a detail of his symptoms 
 and treatment with permission to publish it. He spoke much in 
 favor of the advantages he had derived from the cold bath after his 
 bowels had been evacuated by repeated doses of cream of tartar. 
 Bark had deranged his stomach, but the vitriolic acid agreed well, 
 and was grateful to his palate. He was now so well that he discon- 
 tinued every kind of medicine, and made use of lime-juice punch 
 occasionally for drink.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 65 
 
 " In the afternoon he went down stairs, and as he returned to his 
 chamber his nose began to bleed, and continued bleeding until he 
 was much debilitated and faint. 
 
 "At bed-time he took forty-five drops tinct. opii, rested the fore- 
 part of the night, but awoke before morning with sickness and great 
 distress. 
 
 " I visited him about ten o'clock with Dr. Barton, His pulse was 
 then low, skin cold and dry, his face bloated and livid, and his mind 
 was considerably deranged. His thirst became insatiable. He cast 
 up all he drank as soon as his stomach became full, with straining 
 and noise. In the intermission of puking he was frequently affected 
 with singultus. From this time he obstinately refused making use 
 of any kind of remedy, except one or two enemas, constantly assur- 
 ing his friends that there was nothing the matter with him, till the 
 seventh day of the disease, when he became comatose and expired on 
 the eighth." 
 
 The records furnish very little to be a«lded to this sad story. 
 
 The first secretary of the College of Physicians, Dr. James 
 Hutchinson, was born in Wakefield Township, Bucks County, Pa., 
 January 29, 1752, His father, Randal Hutchinson, was a farmer, 
 and a member of the Society of Friends. 
 
 James began his primary education in a school under Paul Preston. 
 Afterward he was at the Burlington Academy, New Jersey, at 
 another in Virginia, and received his bachelor's degree with the first 
 honor from the College of Philadelphia. 
 
 He studied medicine under Dr. Evans, of this city. In 1774, the 
 College of Philadelphia awarded him a gold medal for proficiency in 
 chemistry. The same year he went to London where he was a pupil 
 of Dr. John Fothergill. He returned home in 1777, by way of 
 France, bearing with him important dispatches to Congress from Dr. 
 Franklin, then American Minister at the French Court, The ship 
 in which he was passenger, when in sight of the American coast, 
 was chased by a British cruiser. To save the despatches, Dr. 
 Hutchinson left the ship in an open boat under fire, and safely 
 reached the shore. He saw her captured by the enemy, with all his 
 
 5
 
 66 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 baorgase, including a collection of medical books he had made in 
 England and France. 
 
 Soon afterward he joined the American army as Surgeon-General 
 of Pennsylvania, and served throughout the war. 
 
 The Legislature appointed him, 1779, a Trustee of the University 
 of the State of Pennsylvania, an office he held at the time of his 
 death. He was also professor of materia medica in that institution 
 until it and the College of Philadelphia were merged, 1791, into the 
 University of Pennsylvania. Then he was elected professor of 
 chemistry. 
 
 During several years he was Ph3^sician of the Port, and one of 
 the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital, which positions he 
 held at the time of his death. 
 
 Dr. Hutchinson was an influential democrat, and was warmly in- 
 terested in Pennsylvania politics. He always declined to accept 
 office, though often solicited. After the British evacuated Philadel- 
 phia, he served as one of the Committee of Safety. Being an inti- 
 mate and confidential friend of the leading men of the Kevolution, 
 he was received at headquarters at all times, and the Commander-in- 
 Chief often invited his opinion in reference to the medical depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Dr. Hutchinson married Miss Sydney Howell, by whom he had 
 two sons. One of them was a lawyer in Philadelphia, and the other 
 was for some years Consul of the United States at Lisbon.^ 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. JOHN MORRIS. 
 
 Another of the founders of the College, Dr. John Morris, one of 
 the class of juniors, died of yellow fever in September, 1793. He 
 was born September 27, 1759, studied medicine under Dr. Charles 
 Moore at Montgomery, Pa. He practised medicine in Burlington, 
 N. J., for a time before he removed to Philadelphia. 
 
 ' American Medical Biography: or Memoirs of Eminent Physicians who 
 have Flourished in America. By James Thacher, M.D. , etc. Eichardson & 
 Lord, and Cottons & Barnard, Boston, 1828. 
 
 The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now Deceased. By Henry Simpson. 
 William Brotherhead, Philadelphia, 1859.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 67 
 
 The average attendance at the fifteen meetino;s of 1794 was 10.4. 
 
 At a special meeting March 10th, it was announced that the chair- 
 man of a Committee of the House of Representatives, appointed to 
 prepare a bill "to regulate the practice of physic within this State," 
 had requested the assistance of the College. Drs. Samuel DuflBeld, 
 Parke, and Say were appointed to wait upon ,the Assembly's Com- 
 mittee in the State House, the next day at four o'clock p.m. 
 
 The following was ordered to be published in the newspapers : 
 
 College of Physicians of Philadelphia, March 10, 1794. Present 
 1-5 members. 
 
 The College, taking into consideration the disagreeable tendency 
 of the many alarming reports which have prevailed for some time 
 past respecting the existence of the disease called the yellow fever in 
 the city, and being desirous to relieve the minds of the inhabitants 
 from any unnecessary apprehensions, unanimously agreed to inform 
 their fellow citizens that, to the best of their knowledge, there is not 
 a single case of the above-mentioned fever in the city or Liberties. 
 
 Published by order of the College. 
 
 John Redman, 
 
 President. 
 
 March 14th. The Committee on the bill to regulate medical prac- 
 tice submitted a report. 
 
 The College substantially recommended that, except graduates of 
 the University, applicants for license to practise physic within the 
 State should be examined by persons appointed by the College for 
 the purpose, and that the penalty for non-compliance with the law 
 should be considerable. Also, that apothecaries should be examined 
 and licensed. 
 
 December 2d. Drs. Wistar, Say, and Benjamin Duffield were ap- 
 pointed to consider the defects of the health laws and suggest suit- 
 able amendments in a report to the College. 
 
 Their report, January 6, 1795, may be found in the published 
 Proceedings of the College of Physicians.
 
 68 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. JOHN CARSON. 
 
 Dr. John Carson, a son of William Carson, who had emigrated 
 from Antrim, Ireland, was born in Philadelphia November 12, 1752. 
 No record of his career has been found. He received the degree of 
 M.D. from the University of Edinburgh, and while abroad married 
 Agnes Hunter. 
 
 In 1786 he participated in the organization of the Philadelphia 
 Dispensary ; and from May 11, 1786, till July 4, 1788, he was 
 surgeon of the First Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry. 
 
 While a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, he was elected, January 7, 1794, a professor of chem- 
 istry in place of Dr. James Hutchinson, deceased. Dr. John Carson 
 died October 26, 1794. 
 
 December 17th. A committee from the Board of Health sub- 
 mitted plans of a proposed hospital for contagious diseases, which 
 were freely discussed. 
 
 The average attendance at the fourteen meetings of 1795 was 10.2, 
 
 January 26th. The report of the committee on the health laws 
 was sent, as a memorial of the College, to the Legislature.^ 
 
 At a special meeting February 10th, the Board of Health asked 
 the cooperation of the College in devising a plan of a hospital for 
 the accommodation of persons afflicted with contagious diseases. 
 
 Drs. Kuhn, Parke, and Wistar were appointed to confer with the 
 Board of Health on the subject. 
 
 July 7th. In a letter to Dr. Samuel Duffield the Governor re- 
 quested the College to nominate four of its members to advise the 
 consulting .physician of the Port (Dr. Samuel Duffield) respecting 
 the quarantine and purification of vessels, and the removal of persons 
 infected with contagious diseases. 
 
 Under instructions, the President sent to the Governor a list of 
 the Fellows of the College from which he might make the appoint- 
 ments desired. The Governor appointed Drs. Kuhn, Parke, Wistar, 
 and Griffitts. 
 
 1 Proceedings of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, p. 9. Philadel- 
 delphia, 1798.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 69 
 
 October 6th. Dr. Nicholas Way — appointed an associate, 1790 — 
 appeared and took his seat as a Fellow of the College, having been 
 elected at the previous meeting. 
 
 Drs. John Gumming and Thomas C. James were elected Fellows. 
 
 The average attendance at the twelve meetings of 1796 was 10. 
 
 June 7th. Dr. William Annan was elected a Fellow. 
 
 July 5th. Dr. Thomas C. James was elected Secretary. The 
 College unanimously passed a vote of thanks to Dr. Samuel P. Griffitts 
 for his punctual and assiduous attention to the duties of Secretary 
 during eight years. 
 
 The average attendance at the twenty-one meetings of 1797 was 
 9.6. 
 
 August 15th. The Governor of the State addressed the President 
 of the College requesting information in reference to the presence of 
 yellow fever in the neighborhood of Penn Street ; and the opinion of 
 the College upon the best mode of averting the threatened calamity. 
 
 The receipt of the Governor's letter was acknowledged, informing 
 him that a malignant contagious fever had appeared in Penn Street. 
 Drs. Currie, Wistar, and Griffitts were appointed to report on "the 
 measures necessary to prevent the introduction and prevention of 
 contagious diseases." The report was made and sent to him August 
 17th in form of a letter. 
 
 August 23d. The inspectors of the Board of Health requested 
 the College to meet daily, or as often as may be convenient, to pub- 
 lish such information, and offer such advice to the citizens as, in its 
 judgment, may tend to check the progress of contagion ; and to 
 communicate to the Board, from time to time, such information as 
 may be deemed necessary. 
 
 Drs. Kuhn, Wistar, and Hodge were appointed to report the next 
 day on the method of purifying houses, regulating funerals, restrict- 
 ing intercourse with houses in which contagious disease exists, and 
 of checking the j^rogress and extension of contagion. 
 
 August 24th, 5 P.M. The committee reported, and on the 25th 
 the report was amended and adopted, and ordered to be laid before 
 the inspectors of the Health Office.
 
 70 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 September 5th. A letter, dated August 26th, was received from 
 the Secretary of the Commonwealth, requesting the College to com- 
 municate to the Governor now whatever information it may have on 
 the existing malignant fever; and as frequently as may be con- 
 venient during the session of the Legislature, which was to meet tlie 
 following iSIonday, that he might lay reliable statements on the sub- 
 ject before the members. 
 
 The President acknowledged the receipt of the letter the same 
 day. 
 
 October 30th. A letter, dated October 24th, from the Governor 
 was read, asking "■ What measures ought to be pursued to purify the 
 city from any latent infection ; and what precautions are best calcu- 
 lated to guard against the future occurrence of a similar calamity?" 
 
 Drs. Wistar, Grij05tts, and James were appointed to prepare a 
 reply to the questions. 
 
 An answer was submitted and unanimously adopted November 
 7th. 
 
 The same committee was instructed to draft a memorial to the 
 Legislature to carry into effect the propositions contained in the 
 answer to the Governor's letter, and, December 5th, after its adop- 
 tion by the College, to present it. 
 
 Dr. Adam Sej'bert was elected a Fellow. 
 
 Governor Mifflin did not regard the College of Physicians as the 
 only source of reliable information on yellow fever. He addressed 
 the following communication to Dr. Rush, which implies that his 
 authority in the premises Avas highly estimated at the time. 
 
 Philadelphia, 6th November, 1797. 
 Sir: I am desirous to obtain, for the information of the Legisla- 
 ture, the most correct account of the origin, progress, and nature of 
 the disease that has recently afflicted the City of Philadelphia, with 
 a view that the most efficacious steps should be taken to prevent a 
 recurrence of so dreadful a calamity. I have requested the opinion 
 of the College of Physicians on the subject ; but as I understand 
 that you and many other learned members of the Faculty do not 
 attend the deliberations of that institution, the result of my inquiries 
 cannot be perfectly satisfactory without your cooperation and assist-
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 71 
 
 ance. Permit me, therefore, Sir, to beg the favor of you, and such 
 of your brethren as you shall be pleased to consult, to state in answer 
 to this letter the opinion which your i-esearches and experience have 
 enabled you to form on the important subject of the present investi- 
 gation. I am respectfully, sir, your most obedient, humble servant, 
 
 Thomas Mifflin. 
 Dr. Benjamin Rush. 
 
 A reply, without date, to this letter signed by Benjamin Rush, 
 Charles Caldwell, William Dewees, John Redman Coxe, Philip 
 Syng Physick, James Reynolds, Francis Boyes Sayre, John C. Otto, 
 William Boys, Samuel Cooper, James Stuart, Felix Pascalis, and 
 Joseph Strong, is published with the Governor's letter. It covers 
 six octavo pages. The doctrine of local origin of the fever is ad- 
 vocated in it. It is notable that the signers were among the founders 
 of the American Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia.^ 
 
 The average attendance at the seventeen meetings during 1798 
 was 10. 
 
 January 2d. It was resolved to publish the proceedings of the 
 College relative to the prevention of the introduction and spreading 
 of contagious diseases. 
 
 At a special meeting on the 23d, Drs. Wistar, Griffitts, and James, 
 who had been appointed to superintend the publication, reported that 
 the work had been printed. Its distribution was ordered. The title 
 is as follows : * 
 
 "Proceedings of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia relative 
 to the prevention of the introduction and spreading of contagious 
 diseases. Printed by Thomas Dobson, at the Stonehouse, No. 41 
 South Second Street, Philadelphia, 1798." 8vo. pp. 37. Lewis 
 Library — Coll. Phys. of Philada. Parnphlets, No. 1558. 
 
 It contains all the correspondence, memorials, etc., in connection 
 with the proceedings from August 25, 1793, till December 26, 1797, 
 inclusive. 
 
 May 1st. Dr. James Hall, one of the junior founders, having re- 
 turned to the city, after an absence of some years, resumed his fel- 
 lowship in the College. 
 
 1 The Medical Repository, vol. i. pp. 391-98. New York, 1797.
 
 72 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 August 6th. The President called a special meeting in conse- 
 quence of a report made to him by Dr. Wistar that malignant fever 
 existed in the city. The College directed the information to be 
 given to the Board of Health. 
 
 Aucrust 7th. Drs. Parke and James were instructed to wait upon 
 the Board of Health this evening, to learn what measures have been 
 taken in connection with the subject of the communication made to 
 it on the 6th. 
 
 November 13th. Drs. Wistar, GriflStts, and James were appointed 
 to investigate the origin and progress of the malignant contagious fever 
 of this year. Their report was submitted and read December 4th. 
 
 December 11th. Drs. Kuhn, Currie, Parke, Wistar, Griffitts, and 
 James were appointed to draw up a narrative of the proceedings of 
 the College in 1793 and 1797, and the fticts relative to the origin 
 and progress of the malignant fever of 1798, with a statement of the 
 best methods of preventing the introduction of similar diseases in 
 the future. 
 
 December 24th. Their report was adopted and ordered to be pub- 
 lished.^ 
 
 It is entitled: "Facts and observations relative to the nature and 
 origin of the pestilential fever which prevailed in this City in 1793, 
 1797, and 1798. By the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 Printed by Thomas Dobson, at the Stonehouse, No. 41 South Second 
 Street, Philadelphia, 1798-1800." Pp. 52. No. 485, Leivis 
 Library — Cfoll. of Phys. of PMlada. 
 
 The opinion of the College, expressed in this pamphlet, is that 
 yellow fever is imported and its extension is a result of contagion. 
 
 The average attendance at twenty meetings during 1799 was 10.7. 
 
 January 1st. A copy of the pamphlet, "Facts and Observations," 
 etc., was sent to each member of the State and of the Federal Leg- 
 islatures, of the City Corporation, of the Board of Health, as well 
 as to corresponding medical societies. 
 
 Letters on the origin of fever, addressed to Dr. Currie, by Dr. 
 
 1 Five members of the committee with Drs. Dorsey, Seybert, and Say, con- 
 stituted the meeting.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 73 
 
 Edward Miller, of New York, and by Drs. Isaac Rand and John 
 Warren, of Boston, were read. 
 
 February 5th. Drs. Wistar, Griffitts, and Leib Avere appointed to 
 confer with members of the House of Representatives of the Com- 
 monwealth in reference to amending the health law then under con- 
 sideration, and to draft a memorial on the subject. 
 
 February 8th. The memorial submitted was adopted by the College, 
 and the committee directed to present it to the Legislature. 
 
 It is as follows : 
 
 To the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penii- 
 sylvania: The Memorial of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 
 respectfully represents — that they have considered the bill for estab- 
 lishing an health office, now before your house, with that attention 
 which a subject so important to every member of the community 
 naturally excites, and are convinced that it is materially defective in 
 several respects, which they beg leave to specify. 
 
 1st. The Board of Health is enjoined and empowered to perform 
 several duties, viz., to appoint a resident and consulting physician, to 
 make regulations for the Lazaretto, and the vessels under quarantine, 
 to prescribe the mode of visiting vessels, persons, and houses. "To 
 determine, when any suspicion arises in the mind of the resident 
 physician or quarantine master respecting the infectious state of any 
 vessel, cargo, or crew," what measures shall be taken to purify the 
 cargo and restore the health of the diseased persons— which said 
 duties can only be performed by persons who are acquainted with the 
 nature of diseases and the effects of the opei'ations of contagion — but 
 that bill does not provide for the formation of a Board of Health 
 possessed of such information ; on the contrary, each board, probably 
 uninformed, is directed to nominate its successors, whereby errors, if 
 any arise, may be perpetuated. By repeated experience the College 
 is induced to believe that the most important objects of the law, the 
 prevention of the introduction and extension of pestilential and con- 
 tagious diseases, will be lost if the Board of Health have not this 
 information. 
 
 2d. The law allows an annual rotation of the members of the 
 Board of Health, whereby it will probably be composed of new mem-
 
 74 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 bers in the season of danger when the experiences of former years 
 will be necessary. Whereas, the only principle upon which men 
 originally unacquainted with the object of their appointment can be 
 supposed capable of performing the duties of it, is their long continu- 
 ance in office. 
 
 3d. The law makes no special provision for preventing the intro- 
 duction of the plague to which we are exposed at all seasons of the 
 year, more especially by the constant intercourse between this country 
 and Algiers, which has lately taken place. 
 
 By order of the College of Physicians. 
 
 John Redman, President. 
 
 Thomas C. James, Secretary. 
 
 June 4th. The proposition offered May, 1798, to make the annual 
 contribution of fellows three dollars, was adopted. 
 
 July 1, 1799 — present 15. A special meeting was called by the 
 President in compliance with a request of the Board of Health, in 
 consequence of the prevalence of an alarming fever. After a free 
 interchange of opinion, it was resolved that — 
 
 From information which the College has received from several of 
 its members, it appears that there exists in Penn Street and its 
 vicinity, a malignant fever of the same nature with that which pre- 
 vailed in Philadelphia in 1793, 1797, and 1798 : and it is the opinion 
 of the College that, taking early and proper precautions, such as 
 separating the diseased from the healthy, removing the shipping 
 which lie from South to Pine Street, to a safe distance from the city ; 
 and evacuating and carefully inspecting the dwelling-houses, stores, 
 and counting-houses, and the wharves, within the limits aforesaid, 
 will be the most effectual means of checking the further progress of 
 the disease. 
 
 Dr. Griffitts was desired to hand a copy of the above to the Board 
 of Health. 
 
 July 2d. The following reply was received : 
 
 Health Office, 7th mo. 2d, 1799. 
 To the College of Physicians : 
 
 The Board of Health received Avith gratitude the communication 
 from your College. They have endeavored to give it the weight a
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 75 
 
 communication from so respectable a source demanded, but they can- 
 not coincide in sentiment with you regarding the propriety of issuing 
 a proclamation, or giving a direction for the removal of the inhabi- 
 tants from the part of the town you mention, or the vessels from the 
 wharves adjoining. A public notification would perhaps create a 
 terror that might add to the predisposing cause of the sickness, if any 
 such cause exists. They are convinced of the necessity of early 
 precaution, but they also dread to give an alarm, which must inju- 
 riously affect the welfare of the city, and which may, perhaps, even- 
 tually be unnecessary, the consequences of which as it regards the 
 health are doubtful, but which would certainly operate powerfully 
 against the interest of the citizens. They solicit your attention to 
 the effects of a publication from you on this subject, and shall be 
 obliged by every information which can be had to assist them in 
 maturing their opinions at this eventful period. 
 
 By order of the Board. 
 
 Edwaed Garrigues, President. 
 
 Paschall Hollingsworth, Secretary. 
 
 It was resolved that each Fellow give formal information to the 
 Board of Health, and also to the College, of every case of malignant 
 fever which may come under his notice, as soon as its nature has 
 been ascertained ; and, until further notice, the College meet every 
 other evening at 8 o'clock. 
 
 August 21, 1799. The President, at the instance of several Fel- 
 lows of the College, called a special meeting to consider the present 
 state of health in the city. After discussion, it was agreed to send 
 the following to the Board of Health : 
 
 Gentlemen : The College of Physicians conceive it to be their 
 duty to inform you that recent events have confirmed the opinion 
 which they have lately expressed to your board, and they feel it 
 incumbent on them to repeat, that a malignant contagious fever, of 
 the same nature with the disease which raged here in the years 
 1793, '97, and '98, prevails among us at this time to a very alarm- 
 ing degree. 
 
 By order of the College. 
 
 Wm. Shippen, Vice-President. 
 
 Thos. C. James, Secretary.
 
 76 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Sept. 24th. The President called a special meeting to consider the 
 followincr communication from the Governor of the State : 
 
 Falls of ScHt7YLKiLL, 20 Sept., 1799. 
 Sir : At the instance of many of our fellow-citizens, I am induced 
 to request that you will obtain from the College of Physicians a 
 representation, whether, in their opinion, the lives of the electors 
 will be in danger from the prevalence of any malignant or contagious 
 fever by attending at the place fixed by law for holding the ensuing 
 general election, within the city and suburbs of Philadelphia ? The 
 Act of Assembly renders such a representation necessary before the 
 places of election can be changed : and therefore I hope the College 
 will favor me with an early communication of the result of their 
 deliberations on the subject. I have the honor to be, with great 
 respect and esteem, sir, your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 Thomas Mifflin. 
 Dr. Redman, 
 
 President of the College of Physicians. 
 
 The College answered as follows : 
 
 Philadelphia^ Sept. 24, 1799. 
 
 Sir : In answer to your letter of the 20tli inst. I am directed by 
 the College of Physicians to inform you that from present appear- 
 ances they judge it will not be safe to hold the election at the Com- 
 missioners Hall in Southwark — that the Town House in the Northern 
 Liberties will be safe, and that it will be most advisable not to hold 
 the election at the State House. 
 
 I have the honor to be with great respect and esteem, sir, your 
 friend and servant, 
 
 John Redman. 
 Thomas Mifflin, Esq., 
 
 Governor of the State of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Nov. 26th. The President called a snecial meetincc to consider the 
 following communication from the Secretary of the Commonwealth : 
 
 Sir : The Governor directs me to request that you will favor him 
 with the sentiments of the College of Physicians on the origin and
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 77 
 
 nature of the late fever, and any improvement that can be made in 
 our system of health laws. 
 
 I am, with great respect, sir, your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 A. J. Dallas, Secretary. 
 
 Dr. Redman. November 20, 1799. 
 
 Drs. Wistar, Griffitts, Currie, and James were appointed to draft 
 an answer, which was submitted and approved Nov. 28, and is as 
 follows : 
 
 Sir. : In compliance with your ref^uest, expressed in Mr. Dallas's 
 note of the 20th inst., the College was convened on the 26th, by 
 their direction. I now inform you that they believe the origin and 
 nature of the late fever to be precisely similar to those of 1793, 
 1797, and 1798. 
 
 In our memorial to the Assembly in 1797, as well as in our publi- 
 cation of last year, entitled Facts and observations relative to the 
 nature and origin of pestilential fever, etc., we gave our sentiments 
 fully on this important subject, accompanied with a minute detail of 
 facts in support of our opinions. 
 
 Without entering at present into any further relation of facts, 
 which time will not permit, and a repetition of which we suppose to 
 be unnecessary, we shall remark generally that the parts of the city 
 and of Southwark contiguous to the river, where the fever this year, 
 as heretofore, appeared, its symptoms and progress all tend to confirm 
 our former opinions that it is a pestilential contagious disease intro- 
 duced amongst us by the shipping. 
 
 With respect to the health laws, we repeat that the Board of Health 
 ought to consist of persons who have a competent knowledge of the 
 subject. 
 
 Every law for securing the city against the destructive effects of 
 any pestilential contagious disease should have for its second object 
 the speedy extinction of such contagions when they appear. 
 
 Measures for the purpose can be of no avail unless they are under- 
 taken soon after the disease is known to exist, but the experience of 
 the last two years has been that those who are not qualified to judge 
 promptly may doubt of the existence of the disease until the oppor-
 
 78 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 tunity of preventing its extension is lost. And that, notwithstanding 
 the diiFerence of opinion amongst physicians respecting the origin, 
 yet they have generally been agreed as to the existence of the fever 
 very soon after its appearance. 
 
 No person whose private interest may be affected by quarantine 
 laws should be a member of this board, the business of which would 
 be more usefully conducted if the change of members were not so 
 frequent, as the experience gained by one year's service is lost by the 
 customary rotation. 
 
 The laws might be more simple. 
 
 The quarantine should commence on the first day of May, after 
 which time no vessels subject thereto should be permitted to come 
 up to the city until the middle of October. 
 
 By order of the College. 
 
 John Redman, President. 
 
 November 28, 1799. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin, Esq., 
 
 Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The average attendance at the twelve meetings during the year 
 1800, was 9.8 ; and of the thirteen meetings of 1801, 8.7. 
 
 One Associate and one Fellow were elected in 1800, and two 
 Fellows in 1801. 
 
 It is noted, in 1800, that the rent of the apartment occupied by 
 the College was fixed at $40 a year ; and, Dec. 1, 1801, twelve 
 members present, the by-laws were amended so as to make seven a 
 quorum for election of Fellows. 
 
 At the fourteen meetings of 1802 the average attendance was 9. 
 
 Feb. 2d. Dr. Glentworth proposed Dr. Jenner, and Dr. Parke 
 nominated Dr. Lettsom as Associates. 
 
 March 2d. Dr. Lettsom was elected an Associate of the College, but 
 Dr. Jenner's nomination was not approved, or noted on the minutes. 
 
 July 6th. Dr. Thomas T. Hewson was elected Secretary of the 
 College. 
 
 July 16th. Present, 12 Fellows. The Vice-President called a 
 special meeting at the instance of the President of the Board of
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 79 
 
 Health, in consequence of the prevalence of an alarming fever in the 
 vicinity of Vine and Front Streets. 
 
 After a free interchange of views, it was resolved : 
 
 "From information which the College has received from several of 
 its members, it appears that a malignant fever of the same nature 
 with that which prevailed in 1793, '97, '98, and '99 has existed for 
 ten or twelve days past in the vicinity of Vine and Front Streets, 
 and it is the opinion of the College that the most effectual means of 
 checking the progress of the disease will be an immediate separation 
 of the sick from the healthy, and a recommendation to the healthy in 
 the neighborhood of the sick to remove into the country, and a 
 general suspension of intercourse with the infected houses." 
 
 The Secretary was desired to present to the Board of Health a 
 copy of the resolution, with the two pamphlets published by the 
 College. 
 
 Nov. 2d. Drs. Griffitts, Currie, and Wistar were appointed to con- 
 sider the present state of the health laws. They submitted a report 
 Nov. 16th. Drs. Wistar, Griffitts, Currie, and Leib were appointed 
 to draft a memorial on the subject to the Assembly of the Common- 
 wealth, which was adopted Dec. 7th ; and copies of it were distributed 
 to members of both houses of the Legislature. It is as follows : 
 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth 
 of Pennsylvania : The Memorial of the College of Physicians re- 
 spectfully showeth — That your memorialists have a common interest 
 with their fellow-citizens in the prosperity of this city ; that prompted 
 by this common interest they submit to you their opinions, the result 
 of experience and mature consideration, on the system necessary to 
 be adopted to guard against the introduction of pestilential and 
 contagious diseases from foreign countries. They conceive that the 
 inefficacy of the existing regulations contained in the present health 
 laws is not only known to you, but that it is universally acknowledged, 
 and that public opinion and public safety call for a more efficient 
 system. Your memorialists forbear entering into the subject ; they 
 apprehend it to be unnecessary to enter into a detail of the minor 
 points of regulation ; they mean only to suggest the general princi- 
 ples of the law, leaving the development to the wisdom of the Legis- 
 lature.
 
 80 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Under tliese impressions your memorialists beg leave to submit the 
 following propositions : 
 
 That a Board of Health, to consist of not more than five persons, 
 be appointed by the Governor, who shall be commissioned during 
 good behavior, and receive an adequate compensation for their 
 services. 
 
 That no vessel from any port or place specified in the fifth section 
 of the present health law, the European ports of the Mediterranean 
 excepted, be permitted to come up to the city from the 1st of May 
 till the 1st of October. 
 
 That the Board of Health have full power, in case of the appear- 
 ance of pestilential and contagious disease in the city or its suburbs, 
 to remove the persons infected, their attendants, and the families in 
 which the disease occurs. 
 
 The Board of Health, your memorialists conceive, requires a new 
 organization ; its duties are arduous and not without hazard ; they 
 require time and attention, and necessarily interfere with the avoca- 
 tions of men of business who are competent to the situation. It 
 cannot therefore be expected that they can be effectually performed 
 unless some emolument be attached to the service. Its members 
 ought to be few, to hold their ofiices during good behavior, and be 
 appointed by the Governor, inasmuch as promptitude and vigor are 
 more the attributes of small than of large bodies, as experience is 
 necessary to the due performance of their duty, and as an efficient 
 responsibility will thereby be annexed to the appointment. 
 
 Such is the subtle nature of contagion and such the inefficiency of 
 means hitherto employed to prevent its introduction, that nothing 
 short of an actual interdiction of intercourse with the infected places 
 appears competent to its prevention ; your memorialists are therefore 
 of opinion that the only actual security of the citizens against the im- 
 portation of diseases of a malignanfr and contagious character from 
 foreign countries must be found in the total exclusion of vessels from 
 infected ports during the period above recited. 
 
 That the Board of 'Health ought to have a plenary power to re- 
 move persons infected with malignant and contagious diseases and
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 81 
 
 those who have been within the sphere of their action, your memor- 
 ialists conceive has been amply demonstrated by the sad experience of 
 several years. The arrestation of such diseases depends more upon 
 the removal of the sick than of the healthy, as the records of the 
 years '93, '97, '98, '99, and the present year will evince, for even 
 the almost entire depopulation of the city unaided by frost was insuf- 
 ficient to its extinction. 
 
 These general propositions are submitted by your memorialists 
 with deference, but with a sincere conviction that on their adoption 
 depends the future safety of Philadelphia against the ravages of that 
 disease which has impoverished many a worthy family, and con- 
 signed many a valuable citizen to the grave. 
 
 By order of the College. 
 
 John Redman, President. 
 
 Thos. T. Hewson, Secretary. 
 
 At the twelve meetings of 1803, the average attendance was 7.7, 
 January 4th. Drs, Robert Harris and Charles Caldwell, by 
 declining to pay the annual contribution for three successive years, 
 have vacated their seats. The Secretary was directed to furnish 
 them with a copy of this minute. 
 
 At the twelve meetings of 1804, the average attendance was 7. 
 
 July 3d. Previous to the annual election, a letter was read from 
 Dr. Redman, expressing a desire that another should be elected 
 President in his place. No change of officers was made. The 
 Secretary was directed to inform Dr. Redman of his election, and to 
 assure him of the respect and esteem of the College. 
 
 October 2d. Drs. Currie, Seybert, and Hewson were appointed to 
 assist — as prescribed by Article 7 of the Constitution of the Society 
 — the Presidents and Censors to consider Avhat papers in possession 
 of the College are proper for publication. 
 
 The average attendance at the seventeen meetings of 1805 was 7.5. 
 January 1st. The Committee selected thirteen papers to be pub- 
 lished. 
 
 6
 
 82 RUSCHENBEKGER, 
 
 The Committee on Publication was requested to examine the 
 papers on malignant, contagious fever, and report what measures in 
 reference to them are proper to be taken by the College. 
 
 April 2d. The Vice-President was requested to ask Dr. Munson, 
 Sr., of New Haven, as to the authenticity of Coleman's " History 
 of the Importation of Yellow Fever into New Haven in 1794." 
 
 June 4th. The use of the room occupied by the College was 
 granted to the Agricultural Society on condition that it pay half 
 the yearly rent of the room, $20. 
 
 July 2d. William Shippen was elected President ; Adam Kuhn, 
 Vice-President ; Samuel Duffield, Thomas Parke, Caspar Wistar, and 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, Censors; Thomas Say, Treasurer; and Thomas 
 T. Hewson, Secretary. 
 
 August 20th. At a special meeting, called at his request, Dr. 
 Currie stated that a malignant fever had appeared in the neighbor- 
 hood of Catharine and Water Streets. 
 
 September 10th. Dr. Currie stated that the malignant fever had 
 spread considerably in Southwark, but the number of cases within 
 the city limits had not increased ; also, that he and Dr. James had 
 been appointed by the Board of Health to request the College to 
 point out the means of preventing the contagion from extending in 
 the city. 
 
 Drs. Griffitts, Wistar, and Parke were appointed to confer with 
 the Board of Health on the subject. 
 
 September 19th. A special meeting, called at the request of the 
 Board of Health, in reference to the following letter from the 
 Secretary of the Commonwealth : 
 
 Lancaster, September 15, 1805. 
 
 Sir : The Governor directs me to call the attention of the Board 
 of Health to the 25th Section of the Act of Assembly, passed the 
 fifteenth day of February, 1799, entitled " An Act to regulate the 
 General Elections within the Commonwealth," and request that the 
 Board will be pleased to inform him whether the state of the malig- 
 nant fever at present prevailing in the suburbs and City of Philadel- 
 phia will render it necessary to change the places fixed by law for
 
 INSTITUTIOX OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 83 
 
 holding the next general elections within the same, and if so, to 
 point out the places they may deem most convenient for said pur- 
 poses. I am, sir, very respectfully, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 T. M. Thompson. 
 Ebenezer Ferguson, Esq., 
 
 President of the Board of Health. 
 
 P. S. — Be pleased to communicate this to the College of Physicians 
 of the City of Philadelphia. 
 
 The College directed the Secretary to furnish the Board of Health 
 with a copy of the following resolution : That it is the opinion of 
 the College, that, from present appearances, it will not be safe to 
 hold the election at the Commissioners' Hall in Southwark ; that 
 the usual places of holding the elections in the City and Northern 
 Liberties will be safe. 
 
 October 1st. In a letter to the Vice-President, dated New Haven, 
 May 3, 1805, Dr. Eneas Munson confirmed his account of the origin 
 of the yellow fever at New Haven in 1794. 
 
 December 10th. Drs. Griffitts and James were appointed to super- 
 intend the publication of the papers on malignant fever. 
 
 The work is entitled: "Additional Facts and Observations Rela- 
 tive to the Nature and Origin of the Pestilential Fever." By the 
 College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 8vo., pp. 99. Printed by 
 A. Bartram. For Thomas Dobson, at the Stonehouse, No. 41 South 
 Second Street. Philadelphia, 1806. Lewis Library, Coll. Phys. of 
 Pkilada., No. 485. 
 
 Copies of the work were distributed February 4, 1806. 
 
 The average attendance of the 12 meetings of 1806 was 6.7 ; of 
 the 12 meetings of 1807, was 7.2 ; of the 12 meetings of 1808, was 
 6.5; of the 12 meetings of 1809, was Q.b; of the 12 meetings of 
 1810, was 6.3 ; of the 13 meetings of 1811, was Q.Q, and of the 12 
 meetings of 1812, was 5.9. 
 
 During the first twenty years of the recorded existence of the Col- 
 lege, ending January, 1807, the average attendance at the meetings 
 was numerically small ; but relative to the number of Fellows it was 
 as large as it is now. In January, 1787, the College consisted of
 
 84 RUSCHENBEKGER, 
 
 24 Fellows, the founders. Between that time and January, 1807, 
 22 were elected, making an aggregate of 46. From this are to be 
 deducted three who forfeited their fellowship ; three who resigned, 
 and six who died, making 12, leaving the number 34. And tAvo or 
 three were absent from the city during months at a time. From 
 these data it is conjectured that about one-third of the Fellows in the 
 city attended the stated and special meetings. 
 
 Many of the Fellows of the College were members of other socie- 
 ties of the time, which claimed their attention and presence ; and the 
 Fellows generally were actively engaged in professional business. 
 
 The American Medical Society still existed. The Philadelphia 
 Medical Society was carried on with spirit, and held weekly meet- 
 ings. Those Fellows of the College who were professors in the 
 University, as well as others, were very frequently present, and the 
 fortnightly stated meetings of the American Philosophical Society 
 were usually attended by some of the Fellows of the College, many 
 of whom were members of it, as well as of the Philadelphia Medical 
 Society. 
 
 The Chemical Society of Philadelphia, which was instituted in 
 1792, held stated meetings weekly, in the Philadelphia Laboratory, 
 or Anatomical Hall. Some of the Fellows of the College were 
 members of it. The chief purpose of this Association was to acquire 
 information relative to the minerals of the United States. A stand- 
 ing committee of five was charged with the duty of analyzing any 
 mineral which might be submitted to it, provided it were sent free of 
 expense, with an account of the locality and situation in which it 
 was found. The analyses were made without charge. Notice of 
 these terms was published in several newspapers of the United States. 
 In 1797 the members of the Analyzing Committee, to either of whom 
 a mineral might be submitted for examination and report were : 
 
 Thomas Smith, No. 19 North Fifth Street. 
 
 James Woodhouse, No. 13 Cherry Street. 
 
 Samuel Cooper, No. 178 South Front Street. 
 
 Adam Seyhert, 191 North Second Street. 
 
 John C. Otto, 37 North Fourth Street.^ 
 
 1 The Weekly Magazine, Philadelphia, February 3, 1798.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 85 
 
 In April, 1798, Thomas P. Smith delivered a "learned and ingeni- 
 ous oration " before the Society, a copy of which was requested for 
 publication. George Lee was the Junior Secretary. 
 
 The officers of the Chemical Society of Philadelphia in 1802, were 
 James Woodhouse, President ; Felix Pascalis and John Redman, 
 Vice-Presidents ; William S. Jacobs, Librarian ; William Brown, 
 John S. Dorsey, Curates; John Y. Bryant, Treasurer; Thomas 
 Brown, Secretary} 
 
 A Society for investigating the causes for the late mortality in 
 this city is about to be instituted, and a book for the subscription of 
 such as mean to become members of it, lies at the bookstore of Mr. 
 Armrod, No. 41 Chestnut St.^ 
 
 This public notice probably relates to the Academy of Medicine of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 From the mutilated I'ecord of proceedings of this short-lived 
 society, bits of its history, the names of some of its members may 
 be learned. 
 
 January 15, 1798. Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia. Pre- 
 sent, Physick, President; Caldwell and Reynolds, Vice-Presidents; 
 Rush, Strong, Cooper, Otto, Coxe, Budd, Dewees, Pascalis, Heylin, 
 Gallaher, and Sayre. 
 
 The by-laws were discussed. Adjourned to meet January 22d, 6 
 o'clock P.M. at Mr. Lees school-room in Norris's Alley. 
 
 January 22d. In addition to those named above Dr. Mease is noted 
 among those present. 
 
 July 9, 1798. Roll of members to be called, and fines of absentees 
 to be collected. 
 
 August 8th. The Academy presented to the Board of Health a 
 document embracing its views on the yellow fever, then prevailing, 
 which was published for the information of the public and signed by 
 the President, Philip Syng Physick, and Secretary, Francis Bowes 
 Sayre.^ 
 
 1 The Philadelphia Directory, City and County Register for 1802. By James 
 Robinson. 
 
 The names of Fellows of the College are in italics. 
 
 ' The Weekly Magazine, vol. i. p. 3L Philadelphia, 1798. 
 
 ^ History of Yellow Fever, 1798. By Thomas Condie and Richard Folwell.
 
 86 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 November 20th. Francis Bowes Sayre and Cooper reported dead. 
 Dr. Mease was appointed to read a memoir of Sayre, and Dr. Coxe 
 a memoir of Cooper. J. C. Otto, Secretary. 
 
 December 10th. A seal of the Society was adopted, with the legend, 
 " The Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia. Instituted January 8, 
 1798." 
 
 The incorporation of the Society was proposed. 
 
 It was resolved to meet in the future at Mr. Pool's school-room in 
 Cherry Alley. 
 
 December 17th. Dr. Caldwell delivered the semi-annual address, a 
 copy of which was requested for immediate publication. 
 
 Dr. Mease read the report of a committee appointed to draft an 
 answer to the publication of the College of Physicians. 
 
 Dr. Coxe delivered an eulogium on Dr. Sayre. 
 
 January 15, 1799. The answer to the College of Physicians was 
 ordered to be inserted in the several newspapers of the city. 
 
 Dr. Mease read his eulogium on Dr. Cooper. 
 
 February 11, 1799. Ordered that 6 copies of Dr. Caldwell's semi- 
 annual address be given to each member of the Academy ; that 300 
 copies be retained by the librarian, and the rest to be disposed of by 
 Mr. Bradford.^ 
 
 At a stated meeting of the Academy of Medicine, the following 
 were elected officers for 1799 : Philip Syng Physick, President ; 
 Charles Caldwell and William Dewees, Vice-Presidents ; John C. 
 Otto, Secretary ; James Gallaher, Librarian ; William Budd, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Charles Caldwell, William Dewees, James Mease, Felix Pascalis, 
 and James Reynolds, Committee on Correspondence- 
 John Redman Coxe, John C. Otto, James Stewart, and Rene La 
 Roche, Committee on Meteorology. 
 
 Benjamin Rush, Philip Syng Physick, and Joseph Strong, Com- 
 mittee on Revision. 
 
 William Budd, James Gallaher, and Isaac Heylin, Committee on 
 Annual bills of Mortality. 
 
 1 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Collection of Manuscripts.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 87 
 
 The Academy Avill publish a volume of transactions in the course 
 of a few weeks/ 
 
 The Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia did not long survive. 
 
 The Medical Lyceum of Philadelphia was founded in 1804. 
 
 The following list of its officers is given in Robinson's Philadelphia 
 Directory for 1806. 
 
 Drs. John Redman Coxe, William P. Dewees, N. Chapman, and 
 John S. Dorsey, Presidents ; Dr. E. Griffiths, Treasurer ; Dr. J. C. 
 Rousseau, Librarian ; Dr. C Meredith, Curator ; Dr. G. Farquhar, 
 Corresponding Secretary ; and Samuel Tucker, Recording Secretary.^ 
 
 A prize of a gold medal worth fifty dollars was offered February 
 5, 1808, for the best essay on the question, "Does the human body 
 possess the jDOwer of absorbing substances applied to its surface? "^ 
 The essays were to be submitted before January 1, 1809. No award 
 was made. The offer of the prize was renewed February 22, 1809. 
 
 For 1809 the officers were John Syng Dorsey, President ; Messrs. 
 Armstrong, and Mezyek, Vice-Presidents ; Elijah Griffiths, Treas- 
 urer; Dr. Barton, Jun., Librarian; Dr. William Shaw, Curator; 
 Dr. J. C. Rousseau, Corresponding Secretary ; and — Clark, Re- 
 cording Secretary. 
 
 Notice of the Medical Lyceum after 1819 has not been met with. 
 
 The number of Fellows habitually present at the meetings was 
 probably somewhat restricted, not only by the meetings of several 
 societies in which they were interested, but also by the lack of pub- 
 lication of transactions. Fellows of the Society in many instances 
 published papers in periodicals, in preference to presenting them to 
 the College. 
 
 Drs. Thomas T. Hewson, Joseph Parrish, John C. Otto, and 
 Thomas C. James edited " The Eclectic Repertory and Analytical 
 
 1 Medical Eepository, 1799. 
 
 2 Medical Museum, vol. 2, 1806. 
 s Medical Museum, vol. 5, 1808.
 
 88 EUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Review, Medical and Philosophical. Edited by a Society of Physi- 
 cians." The first quarterly number appeared October, 1810, and the 
 publication continued till October, 1820. The first number of a new 
 series was begun January, 1821, entitled " The Journal of Foreign 
 Medical Science and Literature," being a continuation of the "Eclec- 
 tic Repertory," conducted by Samuel Emlen, Jr., M.D., William 
 Price, M.D. A^ol. 3, 1823, edited by Samuel Emlen, Jr., M.D., and 
 the 4th and last, 1824, by John D. Goodman, M.D. 
 
 Whatever may have been the cause, the College was in a languid 
 condition during several years. 
 
 June 2, 1807, the entrance fee was reduced from $26.67 to $15. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. JOHN REDMAN. 
 
 After more than eighteen years' service Dr. Redman, in compli- 
 ance with his often expressed wish, was relieved of the presidency of 
 the College July 2, 1805. He died of apoplexy at the advanced 
 age of 86 years, March 19, 1808, two years and eight months after 
 Dr. William Shippen had been elected in his place. 
 
 He had been a faithful and efiicient officer, rarely absent from the 
 meetings ; was one of the founders of the College, and yet no notice 
 of his death is recorded on its minutes. 
 
 The many references to him in the preceding pages imply that he 
 was highly respected in the community on account of his benevolent 
 character and professional skill. His deportment seems to have been 
 always sincere, pleasant, but somewhat sedate. He is not named in 
 connection with any occasion of mirth or festivity ; but Dr. Benjamin 
 Rush, who habitually garnered, or rather hoarded, every scrap of 
 manuscript which came to him, has left among his papers the follow- 
 ing : "Dr. Redman's Toast, — The dignity and success of the healing 
 art : And long health, competent wealth, and exquisite happiness to 
 the individual practitioner, Avho makes the health, and comfort and 
 happiness of his fellow mortals one of the chief ends and delights of 
 his life, and acts therein from motives that render him superior to all 
 the difficulties he may have to encounter in the pursuit thereof."^ 
 
 1 Rush MS., vol. 22, p. 8.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 89 
 
 By preserving that bit of paper, Dr. Rush has unconsciously cast 
 a little gem on the cairn of his dear old master. It is a witness of 
 his devotion to "the healing art;" and indicates what the conduct 
 and qualifications of the "individual practitioner" should be, in his 
 opinion, to deserve the many blessings which he provisionally wishes 
 for him. The toast was good and applicable when delivered, is now, 
 and ever will be. It holds up precepts which, if generally followed 
 as closely as the first president of the College seems to have followed 
 them, would augment the worthiness of the profession, and conse- 
 quently the esteem of the people for its members. 
 
 Dr. Redman was born in Philadelphia, February 27, 1722. He 
 was educated at Mr. Tennent's Academy, and studied medicine under 
 Dr. John Kearsley. When he was qualified to practise, he went to 
 Bermuda, where he remained several years, and thence to Europe. 
 He passed one year in Edinburgh, attended lectures, dissections, and 
 hospitals in Paris, and graduated at Leyden, July, 1748. After pass- 
 ing some time at Guy's Hospital, he returned to and settled in Phila- 
 delphia, where he soon acquired celebrity. 
 
 He was one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital from 
 1751 to 1780 ; one of the trustees of the College of Philadelphia, 
 1765 ; and a member of the American Philosophical Society from 
 January 19, 1768. When he retired from practice, 1784, he was 
 elected an elder of the Second Presbyterian Church. 
 
 He published in 1759, A Defence of Inoculation. 
 
 During forty years Dr. Redman resided on the west side of Sec- 
 ond Street, about a hundred yards south of Arch Street. 
 
 He " was somewhat below the middle stature, his complexion was 
 dark, his eyes black and uncommonly animated ; and his gesture and 
 speech such as indicated a mind always busy and teeming with new 
 and original conceptions of human and divine things."^ 
 
 Dr. Redman was "an antiquated looking old gentleman, usually 
 habited in a broad-skirted dark coat, with long pocket flaps, buttoned 
 across his under dress ; wearing, in strict conformity with the cut of 
 his coat, a pair of Baron Steuben's style of military boots, coming 
 above the knees for riding. His hat flapped before and cocked up 
 
 * Medical Museum, vol. v. ♦
 
 90 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 smartly behind, covering a full bottomed powdered wig — in front of 
 wbicli might be seen an eagle pointed nose, separating a pair of 
 piercing black eyes — his lips exhibiting (but only now and then), a 
 quick motion, as though at the moment he was endeavoring to extract 
 the essence of a small quid."^ 
 
 At a special meeting, July 25, 1808, Dr. Caspar Wistar was chosen 
 by ballot to prepare an eulogium in commemoration of Dr. William 
 Shippen, late President of the Society, which was delivered in the 
 college hall in Fourth Street, March 7, 1809, in presence of different 
 societies invited to attend.^ 
 
 Dr. Adam Kuhn was elected President, Dr. Samuel Duffield, Vice- 
 president, and Dr. William Currie, a Censor, September 6, 1808. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. WILLIAM SHIPPEN. 
 
 Much has been said of the career of Dr. Shippen in preceding 
 pages. Yet something may be properly added. 
 
 Dr. William Shippen, Jr. — commonly called professor, to dis- 
 tinguish him from his eminent father, William Shippen, the elder — 
 was born in Philadelphia, Oct. 21, 1736, and died in Germantown, 
 July 11, 1808, aged 71 years.' 
 
 He received a bachelor's degree from the College of New Jersey 
 in 1754. His father taught him medicine till 1758, when he went 
 to Europe. In 1761 the University of Edinbui'gh conferred upon 
 him the degree of doctor of medicine. He returned to Philadelphia 
 in May, 1762, and, the same year, Nov. 16, delivered at the State 
 House an introductory lecture to a course of lectures on anatomy 
 the first delivered in Philadelphia, if not in America. The regular 
 coui'se began at his father's house in Fourth St., Nov. 26th. His 
 lectures were repeated yearly till Sept. 23, 1765, when he was elected 
 
 1 Watson's Annals, vol. ii. p. 382. 
 
 ^ This discourse was not printed till after Dr. Wistar's death, 1818. 
 
 ' Descendants of Dr. 'William Shippen. Compiled by Mr. Charles E. Hilde- 
 burn. 
 ' The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. i. p. 109, 1877.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 91 
 
 professor of anatomy and surgery in tlie Medical School of the Col- 
 lege of Philadelphia, which had been planned and inaugurated by 
 Dr. John Morgan, May, 1765. 
 
 After the College was superseded by the University of the State 
 of Pennsylvania its trustees elected him. May 11, 1780, professor of 
 anatomy, surgery, and midwifery. Afterward he was professor of 
 anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania till 1806, when he 
 retired. 
 
 He was appointed, July 15, 1776, " chief physician of the flying 
 camp." He submitted to Congress, March, 1777, a plan for the 
 organization of a hospital department, which, with some modifica- 
 tion, was adopted. Congress elected him, April 11, 1777, "Director- 
 General of all the military hospitals of the Armies of the United 
 States," an office from which he resigned Jan. 3, 1781. 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society 
 Nov. 1767, one of its Curators for 1771, and one of its Secretaries 
 for 1772. 
 
 If he contributed anything to the literature of either medicine or 
 science, it has not been found. His claim to the enduring approba- 
 tion of his fellow-citizens mainly rests on his being the pioneer of 
 systematic teaching of anatomy and surgery in Philapelphia, for 
 which he was eminently qualified. His skill, his eloquence as a 
 teacher, exercised during forty years in the first medical school of 
 the country, made him widely known at home and abroad, and won 
 for him permanent distinction and respect in the medical world. 
 
 Nov. 5, 1811, Drs. Parke and Griffitts were appointed to confer 
 with the Board of Health in compliance with its request. They re- 
 ported, Feb. 4, 1812, that the Board of Health urged the coopera- 
 tion of the College in an application to the Legislature for renewal 
 of the health law. 
 
 Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the senior class of founders of the 
 College, died April 19, 1813. He resigned in 1793. Though he 
 has been the subject of many eulogies his life has not been precisely 
 described.
 
 92 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. BENJAMIN RUSH. 
 
 Dr. Rush was born on his fathers farm, twelve or fourteen miles 
 northeast of Philadelphia, Dec. 24, 1745. Both his grandfather, 
 James Rush, who died in 1727, and his father, John Rush, were 
 gunsmiths. Their ancestors, most of them members of the Society 
 of Friends, followed William Penn to this country 1683. 
 
 While Dr. Rush was very young his father died, and left him to 
 the care of his mother, to whose affectionate effort he was indebted 
 for his education. Her very limited means prompted her, for the wel- 
 fare of her son, to establish herself on Market Street east of Second, 
 in a retail trade of groceries and provisions. Her place of business 
 was indicated by a sign, and known as the "Blazing Star." The 
 crown of her enterprise, industry, and maternal devotion is seen in 
 the renown of her son : she alone enabled him to achieve it. 
 
 About the age of eight or nine years Rush was placed in the West 
 Nottingham grammar school, sixty miles southwest from Philadel- 
 phia, then in charge of his uncle, the Rev. Dr. Samuel Finley. 
 After due preparation he was transferred to the College of New 
 Jersey, at Princeton, from which he received the bachelor's degree 
 in 1760, before he had completed his fifteenth year. 
 
 He was next apprenticed to Dr. John Redman for six years. He 
 kept a common-place book, and in it made notes of his observations 
 on the yellow fever prevalent in 1762. During his seventeenth 
 year he translated the Aphorisms of Hippocrates from Greek into 
 English. 
 
 At the conclusion of his apprenticeship he went to Europe, and 
 after publicly defending a thesis, De Coctione cihorum in ventriculo, 
 the University of Edinburgh conferred upon him, in 1768, the degree 
 of doctor of medicine. Then he passed some time in London, 
 attending hospitals and lectures. After a visit to Paris, he returned 
 to Philadelphia in the spring of 1769, started in the practice of 
 medicine and was soon elected professor of chemistry in the College 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 February 26, 1768, he was elected a member of the American 
 Philosophical Society ; a curator, 1770-72 ; one of the secretaries,
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 93 
 
 1773-76 ; one of the councillors, 1786 ; and one of the vice-presi- 
 dents, 1797 to 1801. He contributed six papers to the Transactions 
 of the Society. 
 
 He was active among those who planned and established the 
 Philadelphia Dispensary, in 1786, and was one of its attending 
 physicians. 
 
 In 1789 he was elected professor of the theory and practice of 
 medicine, vice Dr. Morgan, deceased; and was one of the physicians 
 of the Pennsylvania Hospital during thirty years. 
 
 He was a member of Congress six and a half months, from July 
 20, 1776, and, after it had been engrossed, signed the Declaration of 
 Independence, which had been adopted prior to his election. 
 
 He was appointed, in 1777, physician-general of the military hos- 
 pital of the middle department. 
 
 In 1789 he was a member of the convention of Pennsylvania for 
 the adoption of the federal constitution. 
 
 President John Adams appointed him Treasurer of the Mint of the 
 United States ; he held the office during the last fourteen years of 
 his life. 
 
 Dr. Rush possessed quick perception and tenacious memory. He 
 was an early riser, persistently industrious, and his facility in the 
 use of language in writing, conversation, and public speaking was 
 eminent. 
 
 " His gentleness of manner, his sympathy with the distressed, his 
 kindness to the poor, his varied and extensive erudition, his profes- 
 sional acquirements, and his faithful attention to the sick, all united 
 in procuring for him the esteem and respect, and the confidence of 
 his fellow-citizens, and thereby introducing him to an extensive and 
 lucrative practice." 
 
 During several years he had from fifteen to thirty private pupils, 
 students in his office. 
 
 His philanthropy was manifested in promoting whatever seemed to 
 him likely to ameliorate the condition of mankind. He favored all 
 means of education, recommended the establishment of free schools 
 in every county of the State. He was active in promoting the 
 >onterests of Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pa. He advocated tem- 
 perance, and was president of the Society for the Abolition of Slavery.
 
 94 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 He condemned the use of tobacco and was opposed to capital pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 In spite of his general benevolence he was dogmatic, impatient of 
 contradiction, and often unreasonably resentful. Some conflict of 
 opinion on College affairs with the Provost, the Rev. Dr. John Ewing, 
 prompted him to sever his membership with the Presbyterian Church, 
 of which the Rev. Dr. was pastor. His attitude was unfriendly and 
 resentful to those medical friends whose opinions in connection with 
 yellow fever were in conflict with his own. His relations with many 
 of the medical men of Philadelphia became so unpleasant to his sen- 
 sitive nature that, in 1797, he expressed readiness to remove to New 
 York, provided he were appointed to a medical professorship in 
 Columbia College. 
 
 Aug. 13, 1813. Dr. Samuel Duffield declined reelection to the 
 office of Vice-President, because his condition of health prevented 
 him from attending the meetings of the College. 
 
 Aug. 2, 1814. Arrears of rent for three years were ordered to be 
 paid. 
 
 An inefiectual application to reduce the rent of the room occupied 
 by the College to less than forty dollars a year was made Dec. 6, 
 1814, and again March 7, 1815. 
 
 July 4, 1815, the reported balance in the treasury was $141.81. 
 
 Jan. 2, 1816, an examination and selection of papers in possession 
 of the College suitable for publication was ordered. 
 
 Aug. 5, 1817. The decease of our much respected President, Dr. 
 Adam Kuhn, having taken place since our last meeting, the Secre- 
 tary is directed to record it. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. ADAM KUHN. 
 
 Dr. Adam Kuhn was born in Germantown, Philadelphia, Novem- 
 ber 17, 1741, old style. His grandfather, John Christopher, and 
 his father, Adam Simon Kuhn, were natives of Furfeld, a small town
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 95 
 
 on the Neckar in the circle of Suabia. Both came to Philadelphia 
 in 1733. 
 
 Adam Simon Kuhn was a bright man, improved by a liberal edu- 
 cation, and was considered a very skilful and successful practitioner 
 of medicine. He was a magistrate of the borough of Lancaster and 
 an elder of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 Dr. Adam Kuhn's first studies in medicine were directed by his 
 father. In the autumn of 1761, he left Philadelphia and arrived at 
 Upsal, by way of London, early in January, 1762, having traversed 
 Norway and a part of Sweden. He studied botany and medicine 
 under Linnseus and the other professors of the University of Upsal 
 until July or August, 1764. Then he returned to London and 
 remained about a year. He went to Edinburgh and received the 
 degree of M.D. from the University, June 12, 1767, his thesis 
 being De Lavatione Frigida. 
 
 While abroad he visited France, Holland, and Germany. 
 
 He returned from London, and settled in Philadelphia, January, 
 1768. He soon acquired a respectable practice and a high degree 
 of estimation among his elder medical brethren. 
 
 In January, 1768, he was appointed professor of materia medica 
 and botany in the College of Philadelphia; and in January, 1774, 
 one of the physicians of a society instituted for inoculating the poor 
 for smallpox. During the preceding year, 1773, above 300 persons 
 died of smallpox. The unsettled state of public affairs put an end 
 to the society in April. 
 
 He was elected one of the Physicians of the Pennsylvania Hos- 
 pital, May, 1775, and after serving the institution more than twenty- 
 two years, he resigned in January, 1798. 
 
 He was one of the consulting physicians of the Philadelphia Dis- 
 pensary, founded 1786, and was always among the foremost of its 
 steady friends and patrons. 
 
 He was a member of the American Philosophical Society from 
 January 19, 1768 ; one of the curators from 1769 to 1771, and a 
 councillor from 1796 till 1802. 
 
 He was one of the founders of the College of Physicians, of which 
 he was elected President, September 6, 1808. 
 
 He was appointed professor of the theory and practice of medi-
 
 96 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 cine, November, 1789, in the University of the State, and to the 
 same cliair, in January, 1792, in the University of Pennsylvania, 
 from which he resigned in 1797. 
 
 He married, in the island of St. Croix, May, 1780, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Isaac Hartman, Esq., and had two sons. 
 
 He relinquished practice in the autumn of 1815. Fully sensible 
 of his approaching dissolution, he died July 5, 1817, aged seventy- 
 five years. 
 
 His thesis, and a short letter to Dr. John C. Lettsom, on diseases 
 succeeding the transplantation of teeth, printed in the Memoirs of 
 the Medical Society of London, vol. i., are his only publications. 
 " This is not the only instance in which a dislike to appear before 
 the public has deprived us of the experience of those who were best 
 qualified, by their talents and observations, to communicate instruc- 
 tion." 
 
 '' Dr. Kuhn was not remarkable for the powers of imagination ; 
 but in sound judgment he greatly excelled. His talent for observa- 
 tion was profound. He was through life a studious reader ; a lover 
 of music from his youth; remarkably abstemious and regular in his 
 diet, and neat in his person." 
 
 He was reserved in his general intercourse, but affable and com- 
 municative in the company of his friends. His manners were void 
 of ostentation or assumption. In conduct he was firm and decisive; 
 and he was strictly punctual and observant of all his engagements.^ 
 His sincerity is manifest in the following extract from his MS. lec- 
 tures on yellow fever : 
 
 "The consequences that have attended it [yellow fever of 1793] 
 have interested the feelings of the Avhole community in the highest 
 degree ; but the practitioners of physic in this city are more particu- 
 larly concerned, as it has not only brought the spirit of discord among 
 them, but has certainly lessened the confidence in the art and the 
 professors of it which they heretofore possessed in an eminent degree. 
 
 1 The Eclectic Repertory and Analytical Eeview, vol. viii. p. 235. Phila- 
 delphia, 1818. 
 
 Reprinted in separate form. See Pamphlets, vol. 8. Library of the College 
 of Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 Also, in Thacher's American Medical Biography.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 97 
 
 As I mean to confine my remarks in a great measure to what came 
 under my own observation, it may be proper to mention that I saw 
 the first patient in this fever on the 23d of August [1793], and the 
 last on the I'ith of September. The state of my health then render- 
 ing me incapable to continue my attendance on the sick, I quitted 
 the city on the 14th of September, and returned on the 1st of No- 
 vember. Within that period I visited near 70 different patients; of 
 these, 10 only had the yellow fever, including two for whom I pre- 
 scribed, though I had it not in my power to visit them, and three 
 whom I attended in consultation, being patients of other gentlemen 
 of the profession. I ought to observe that I was confined by indis- 
 position from the 3d to the 10th of September; that I then visited 
 a few patients until the 12th, but finding my strength not equal to 
 the task, and my headache and fever returning, I left the city, as 
 before observed, on the 14th. Of these ten five died, but it is with 
 a satisfaction I want words to express that I can with truth declare 
 that every person for whom I prescribed within 48 hours of his being 
 seized with the fever recovered and continues in health, except the 
 mode of treatment was changed, which happened in the case of the un- 
 fortunate Dr. Hutchinson, after sickness prevented me from continu- 
 ing my attendance on him. Of the other patients whom I attended 
 within that period, some labored under diseases peculiar to the climate 
 at all seasons of the year, and others were attacked with influenza, 
 which prevailed generally as an epidemic in the city at the same 
 time."^ 
 
 March 3, 1818. The Secretary was directed to record the death 
 of Dr. Caspar Wistar, which occurred January 22, 1818, in his 58th 
 year. 
 
 April 7th. Drs. Parke and Griffitts were appointed to publish Dr. 
 Wistar's eulogium on Dr. William Shippen. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. CASPAR WISTAR. 
 
 Dr. Caspar Wistar was born in Philadelphia September 13, 1761, 
 and educated at the Penn Charter School. His discernment of the 
 
 ^ MS. Lectures on Yellow Fever. By Adam Kuhn. Libr. Coll. Phys. 
 Phila., F. 844. 
 
 7
 
 98 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 need and comfort of medical aid to those hurt at the battle of Ger- 
 mantown in 1777 determined his choice of profession. He became 
 a pupil of Dr. John Redman, and during the last year of his appren- 
 ticeship attended the practice of Dr. John Jones. In 1782 the 
 University of the State of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the 
 desxree of Bachelor of Medicine. He sailed for England October, 
 1783, and, after spending a year in London, went to Edinburgh. 
 The University of that city conferred upon him, June, 1786, the 
 degree of M.D., after publicly defending his thesis, De Animo 
 Demisso. After an absence of more than three years, he returned 
 to Philadelphia January, 1787. He was appointed an attending 
 physician of the Philadelphia Dispeiisary the same year. 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society 
 July 20, 1787; was one of the curators 1792-94; one of the vice- 
 presidents 1792-1814; and succeeded Thomas Jefferson as President, 
 January 6, 1815. He contributed six papers to the Transactions of 
 the Society. 
 
 In 1788 he married Isabella Marshall, who died in 1790. 
 
 In 1789 he was elected professor of chemistry in the College of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 In the autumn of 1793 he was appointed a physician of the 
 Pennsylvania Hospital, and resigned in 1810. 
 
 He married Elizabeth Mifflin in 1798. 
 
 He was elected to the professorship of anatomy in the University 
 of Pennsylvania in 1808, and filled the office at the time of his 
 death. 
 
 He succeeded Dr. Rush as President of the Society for the Abo- 
 lition of Slavery; and was one of the censors of the College of 
 Physicians from December 3, 1793, till he died, January 22, 1818. 
 
 Dr. Wistar was in every respect an exemplary man, remarkable 
 for his strong good sense, amiable deportment, professional skill, and 
 superior qualifications as a teacher of anatomy. His social disposi- 
 tion induced him to entertain in a modest way at his home, every 
 Saturday evening, medical and other friends, as well as distinguished 
 strangers who came to the city. To continue those pleasant gather- 
 ings, members of the American Philosophical Society, soon after his
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPUIA. 99 
 
 death, instituted a social club, and, as a token of appreciation of his 
 worth, called it the Wistar Party. Every Saturday evening each 
 member of the club in turn entertained a company of invited guests, 
 spreading before them a repast of such solids as may be taken with 
 fork or spoon without the aid of knife. 
 
 Circumstances connected with the civil war brought the Wistar 
 Party to an end in 1863, or 1864. Only one or two of the members 
 at that time have survived the suspension. The places of the de- 
 ceased have been filled. The party has been revived. The archives 
 of the club, and the old copper-plate from which the notable cards 
 of invitation (illustrated by a portrait of Dr. Wistar) were printed, 
 have been conveyed to it. Dr. Caspar Wister, a kinsman of the 
 eminent professor, gave the first Wistar Party of the repaired organi- 
 zation on Saturday evening, January 8, 1887 ; and so, what was for 
 very many years a prominent feature in the social character of 
 Philadelphia, has been restored, and is likely to be permanent. 
 
 The following verses, by Dr. George Bensell, of Germantown, ex- 
 press the general sense of the public loss at the time, caused by the 
 death of Dr. Wistar : 
 
 Wistar is dead ! his gentle spirit's flown, 
 In blessed trust, to happier worlds unknown ; 
 And many an aching heart and tearful eye 
 Give the sad proof, the best of men must die. 
 The good, the wise, the multitude deplore, 
 The virtues that they loved are now no more. 
 Thou, Avho from others oft the stroke did stay, 
 While Death hung o'er his seeming destin'd prey, 
 Fate turn'd aside, and oh ! could no one save 
 And rescue thee, like others, from the grave ! 
 Alas! could no one of tlie Healing Art 
 Save from the tomb, that good, that generous heart. 
 
 While genius, learning, wisdom bow the head 
 And deeply mourn their favorite, Wistar, dead. 
 
 Under instructions, Drs, Griffitts and Parrish had printed a hun- 
 dred copies of the by-laws corrected up to April 7, 1818. 
 
 When the by-laws were first printed, 1790, the College consisted 
 of 28 Fellows.
 
 100 
 
 RUSCHENBERGEK, 
 
 Thirty-one years after its foundation only 18 names are on the 
 roll of Fellows : 
 
 Thomas Parke, F., 
 William Currie, F., 
 Samuel Powel Griffitts, F., 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Thomas C. James, 
 Joseph Parrish, 
 Michael Leib, 
 Plunket F. Glentworth, 
 Adam Seybert, 
 
 Nathaniel Chapman, 
 Henry Neill, 
 Samuel Stewart, 
 Edwin A. Atlee, 
 Wm. P. C. Barton, 
 Isaac Cleaver, 
 John Moore, 
 Samuel C. Hopkins, 
 John W. Moore. 
 
 Seven Associates: 
 James Tilton, 
 David Hosack, 
 Samuel Bard, 
 
 John R. B. Rodgers, 
 Lewis Jones Jardine, 
 William Boys, 
 Joseph P. Minnick. 
 
 Between Jan. 2, 1787, and April 7, 1818, 33 had been elected 
 Fellows, making, with the 24 founders, an aggregate of 57. Of 
 these 32 had died, 3 were dropped, and 4 Avere placed on the roll 
 of Associates. 
 
 Of 11 Associates elected prior to 1818, 1 had become a Fellow, 
 and 3 had died, leaving 7 on the list. 
 
 A list of all deceased Fellows and Associates is printed with the 
 by-laws.^ 
 
 The entrance fee was fifteen dollars — reduced to ten dollars, 
 December 5, 1820 — and the annual contribution was three dollars. 
 Provided every Fellow was punctual in the payment of his contribu- 
 tion, the yearly income of the College was fifty-four dollars. 
 
 July 7, 1818. Thomas Parke was elected President ; Samuel 
 P. Grifiitts, Vice-President ; William Curi'ie, Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Plunket F. Glentworth, and Henry Neill, Censors; Thomas C. 
 James, Treasurer ; and Joseph Parrish, Secretary. 
 
 * Charter, Constitution, and By-Laws of the College of Physicians of Phila- 
 delphia, 1818. 
 
 Lewis Libr. Coll. Phys., Med. Tracts, vol. x. No. 1383.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 101 
 
 The active interest of the College in forming, establishing, and 
 maintaining the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, renders a 
 somewhat detailed account of its proceedings in this connection 
 appropriate. 
 
 CONNECTION OF THE COLLEGE WITH THE PHARMACOPCEIA, 
 
 Napoleon the Great, in 1803, ordered to be prepared the Codex 
 Medicamentarius seu Pharmaco'pceia CralUca. An ordinance of 
 the King of France, August 8, 1816, directed it to be printed forth- 
 with, and every apothecary to procure a copy of it within six months 
 of the date of its publication, and prepare his medicines according to 
 its formulas, under a penalty of 500 francs.^ 
 
 Long before that work was begun the College of Physicians of 
 Philadelphia endeavored to interest the medical public in the forma- 
 tion of a pharmacopoeia for the United States. 
 
 At a stated meeting of the College, June 3, 1788, John Redman, 
 John Jones, Adam Kuhn, William Shippen, Jr., Benjamin Rush, 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, Caspar Wistar, and James Hutchinson were 
 appointed a committee to form a pharmacopoeia for the use of the 
 College. As a result of their discussion of the subject the idea of 
 preparing a work for local use seems to have been abandoned. 
 
 Nine months after the appointment of this committee, the College 
 ordered, April 7, 1789, a copy of the following circular to be sent 
 " to the most respectable medical characters in the United States : " 
 
 Sir : The Physicians of this city, from a desire of extending 
 medical knowledge, and of promoting harmony and uniformity in 
 the practice of physic, have associated themselves under the name of 
 the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 With a view to render their institution more extensively useful, 
 they have resolved to address the most respectable medical characters 
 in the United States, intimating their Designs, and requesting such 
 information as may be most conducive to carry them into effect. 
 
 One of the Objects of the College has been that of forming a 
 Pharmacopoeia adapted to the present state of medicine in America ; 
 
 1 Eclectic Repertory, vol. vii. p. 267.
 
 102 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 for which purpose a committee of their members has been some time 
 since appointed, who have made some progress in their work. 
 
 When we consider the great number of publications of this kind 
 which Europe has been, and is annually producing, we think no 
 doubt can arise of the absolute necessity of some standard amongst 
 ourselves to prevent that uncertainty and irregularity which in our 
 present situation must infallibly attend on the compositions of the 
 Apothecary and the prescription of the Physician. 
 
 And as we wish this Work may be accommodated to the practice of 
 medicine throughout the United States, and that every useful addi- 
 tion may be made to former publications, we request that you will 
 favor us with your sentiments on the subject, and particularly inform 
 us what Native American Remedies have been discovered amongst 
 you. It will be necessary to give the botanical and vernacular 
 names of such substances, and to ascertain their virtues with most 
 scrupulous Precision. 
 
 As we are desirous of publishing a volume of Transactions as 
 often as materials are afforded, we shall be much obliged to you for 
 whatever Communications you may favor us with on medical subjects. 
 
 Although we particularly address those Physicians who are best 
 known to us, yet as there must be many others, men of learning and 
 rank in the Profession, the knowledge of whom has not yet reached 
 this place from the want of that intercourse which would be so desir- 
 able and useful to the Advancement of Medical Science, we wish 
 that you would communicate to them our intentions and that they 
 would excuse this unavoidable omission, and furnish us with their 
 assistance as though they were severally addressed. 
 
 Letters and communications are to be directed to the President or 
 
 Secretary of the College. 
 
 Signed by order of the College, 
 
 JoHX Redman, President. 
 
 Samuel Powel Griffitts, Secretary. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 One hundred copies were ordered to be printed and the Censors 
 directed to forward them to the proper persons. 
 
 May 4, 1790. A letter from Dr. James Tilton, President of the
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 103 
 
 Medical Society of the State of Delaware, relating to the Pharma- 
 copoeia was read. 
 
 August 3, 1790. A letter, July 18, 1790, from the Medical 
 Society of New Haven, addressed to the President of the College, 
 Dr. John Redman, was read : Substantially that the Society will be 
 happy, if in its power, to afford the smallest assistance to the laud- 
 able design of forming a pharmacopoeia adapted to the present state 
 of medicine in America. The letter is signed by the committee 
 of correspondence, Leverett Hubbard, Eneus Munson, Ebenezer 
 Beardsly, Ebnathan Beech, and Samuel Nesbett. 
 
 The subject was not abandoned. May 3, 1791, Dr. Benjamin S. 
 Barton was appointed a member of the committee on the pharma- 
 copoeia. The committee reported to the College November 6, and 
 December 4, 1792; and January 1, and Api-il 2, 1793, and Avas 
 continued. Dr. Thomas Pai-ke was added to the committee Jan- 
 uary, 1794. 
 
 Drs. Griflfitts, Barton, and James were appointed June 6, 1797, 
 to prepare and submit to the College a statement " of all medicinal 
 substances and pharmaceutical processes " which seem proper to be 
 included in the intended pharmacopoeia. 
 
 It is not doubted that leading physicians in different sections of 
 the country felt the need of a pharmacopoeia, and that the proceed- 
 ings of the College in this connection had increased their interest in 
 the subject, and led the way to the formation of the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the first 
 of the kind in the United States, was published in Boston, 1808. 
 It was fully noticed and commended for its accuracy.* 
 
 A printed circular, dated New York, November 21, 1818, and 
 signed by David Hosack, John R. B. Rogers, Samuel L. Mitchell, 
 John Stearns, John Watts, Jr., T. Romeyn Beck, Lyman Spalding, 
 Wright Post, and Alexander H. Stevens, was sent by Lyman Spald- 
 ing, secretary of the committee, to Dr. Joseph Parrish, Secretary of 
 the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, with a request that he 
 
 1 The Medical Kepository. Second hexade, vol. 5, p. 396. New York, 1808.
 
 104 RUSCIIENBERGER, 
 
 would hand it to the President that it might be laid before the Col- 
 lege at its next meeting. 
 
 The plan proposed — detailed in a circular issued March 4, 1818 
 — was : 
 
 1. That the Pharmacopoeia should be formed by and under the 
 authority of the several incorporated Medical Societies, the several 
 incorporated Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, or medical schools, 
 and such medical schools as constitute a Faculty in any university 
 or college in the United States; and in case there should be any 
 State or Territory in ^Wiich there was no incorporated medical society, 
 medical college, or school, that voluntary associations of physicians 
 and surgeons in such State or Territory should be respectfully invited 
 to unite in the undertaking. 
 
 2. That the formation of a pharmacopoeia may not be undertaken 
 unless it should receive the approbation of a majority of the afore- 
 said institutions in the United States. 
 
 3. That a convention should be held in each of the four grand 
 divisions of the United States to be composed of delegates from the 
 medical societies, schools, and associations. 
 
 4. That each district convention should form a pharmacopoeia, or 
 select one in general use, and make therein such alterations and 
 additions as may adapt it to the present state of medical science ; and 
 elect delegates to meet in general convention in the city of Washing- 
 ton on the 1st of January, 1820. 
 
 5. That the convention should form the national work from the 
 district-convention pharmacopoeias. 
 
 6. That each district convention should be held at such time and 
 place as may be agreed upon by a majority of the aforesaid institu- 
 tions in the respective districts. 
 
 Dr. Lyman Spalding devised the plan just described and sub- 
 mitted it, January, 1817, to the New York County Medical Society.^ 
 
 Feb. 2, 1819. A circular was received from the Medical Society 
 of the State of New York, proposing the above plan for the forma- 
 
 ^ Eeport on the Pharmacopoeias of all Nations. By J M. Flint, Surgeon, 
 U. S. Navy. In the Sanitary and Statistical Eeport of the Surgeon-General of 
 the Navy for the year 1881.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 105 
 
 tion of a national pharmacopoeia, and that delegates from the middle 
 district should meet in Philadelphia, June 1, 1819. 
 
 The plan proposed in circulars, dated March 4 and Nov. 21, 1818, 
 from the Medical Society of the State of New York, Avas approved. 
 Drs. Parke, Griffitts, Hewson, Jones, Stewart, Atlee, and Parrish 
 were appointed delegates from the College to meet delegates from 
 other societies, June 1. 
 
 The chamber of the College was offered as a place of meeting. 
 
 To aid the preparation of the work, the College had printed, May, 
 1819, the outline of a pharmacopoeia.^ 
 
 The Convention of the Middle States for the formation of a Na- 
 tional Pharmacopoeia met June 1, 1 819, in the chamber of the College 
 of Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 The following named delegates were present : 
 
 From the College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Drs. Thomas 
 Parke, Samuel P. Griffitts, Thomas C. James, Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Edwin A. Atlee, Joseph Parrish, Samuel Stewart. 
 
 3Iedieal Society of the State of New York: Drs. Samuel L. 
 Mitchell, John R. B. Rodgers, John Watts, Jr., Lyman Spalding, 
 Alexander H. Stevens. 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons of the State of New York : 
 Drs. Wm. J. Macneven, John W. Francis. 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of 
 New York: Dr. Lyman Spalding. 
 
 Neiv Jersey Medical Society : Drs. Charles Smith, John Van 
 Cleve. 
 
 The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland: Drs. 
 Samuel Baker, Elisha De Butts. 
 
 The 3Iedical Society of Delaware : Dr. Allen McLane. 
 
 3Iedical Society of the District of Columbia : Drs. Henry Hunt, 
 Thomas Henderson. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Parke was elected President ; Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, 
 Vice-president ; Lyman Spalding and Samuel Baker, Secretaries of 
 the Convention. 
 
 1 Pharmacopoeia. 8vo. pp. 40. An interleaved copy, presented by Dr. Edwin 
 A. Atlee, is in the Library of the College, No. 3362.
 
 106 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Two pharmacopoeias in outline and a code of ethics were submitted 
 to the convention and considered. 
 
 Samuel L. Mitchell, Alexander H. Stevens, Lyman Spalding, 
 John Watts, Jr., of New York; Thomas Parke, Thomas T. Hew- 
 son, of Philadelphia; Allen McLane, of Wilmington, Del. ; Elisha De 
 Butts, Samuel Baker, of Baltimore; and Henry Hunt, of Washing- 
 ton, D. C, were appointed to represent the body at the general con- 
 vention for the formation of a pharmacopoeia, to meet in Washington, 
 D. C, Jan. 1, 1820. 
 
 The convention of the Middle States adjourned sine die, June 4, 
 1819. 
 
 A convention of delegates from societies and institutions of the 
 eastern disti-ict of the United States met in Boston, June 1, 1819. 
 
 3Iedieal Society of New Hampshire: Drs. Reuben D. Mussey, 
 Ebenezer Learned, Matthias Spalding, and John P. Batchelder. 
 
 Medical Society of 3Iassachusetts : Drs. John C. Warren, John 
 Goram, Jacob Bigelow, James Thacher, and George C. Shattuck. 
 
 Medical Society of Vermont: Drs. Erastus Torrey, and Selah 
 Gridley. 
 
 Brown University in Rliode Island : Dr. William Ingalls. 
 
 Medical Society in Rliode Island: Dr. Solomon Brown. 
 
 Medical Society in Connecticut : Dr. Eli Ives. 
 
 Dr. Warren was chosen Chairman, and Dr. Bigelow Secretary. 
 
 The delegates from Massachusetts submitted a plan of pharmaco- 
 poeia, which was referred to Drs. Mussey, Goram, Torrey, Ingalls, 
 and Ives for examination and amendment. On their motion the 
 pharmacopoeia of the Massachusetts Medical Society, as now revised, 
 was adopted by the convention to be presented to the general con- 
 vention at Washington, D. C, Jan. 1, 1820. 
 
 Drs. Ives and Bigelow were chosen, by ballot, to represent the 
 eastern district in the general convention. 
 
 The convention adjourned June 2, sine die. 
 
 The national convention for forming a pharmacopoeia met at 
 Washington, D. C, Jan. 1, 1820, and, on the 8th, announced that 
 the faculty, by a spontaneous effort, and without public summons 
 or compensation, had compiled a Codex Medieamentarius, or Book 
 of Rules and Directions, for selecting and compounding the articles
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 107 
 
 employed in practice. The whole civilized world may behold a great 
 and growing nation, speaking a similar language, possessing the same 
 general laws, using a uniform denomination of value, and conform- 
 ing to each other in the rules of preserving health, and of preparing 
 remedies. 
 
 A committee of five was appointed to superintend the publication 
 of the work of the convention. 
 
 Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell was President, and Dr. Thomas T. Hew- 
 son Secretary of the convention, which ceased January 8, 1820. 
 
 February 1, 1820. The delegates from the College to the general 
 convention at Washington submitted their report. 
 
 The undersigned, who were deputed by the district convention 
 held in this city, in the month of June, 1819, as members of the 
 College, to meet the delegates in the general convention assembled 
 in Washington, D. C, on the 1st of January, 1820, for the purpose 
 of forming a National Pharmacopoeia, have the honor to report: 
 
 That in addition to the prospectus agreed upon in the convention 
 of the middle district, the delegates from the northern district pre- 
 sented a regular manuscript pharmacopoeia. After a mature exami- 
 nation of the list of simples, preparations, and compounds contained 
 in these two plans, the general convention agreed upon the several 
 articles deemed necessary to be introduced into the work which had 
 been confided to them. 
 
 In forming the materia medica list some difficulties arose, 
 occasioned principally by the multifarious articles presented, whose 
 virtues were not generally known, though according to reports, made 
 on very respectable authority, they appeared to be well entitled to the 
 attention of the medical practitioner. 
 
 Wishing not to exclude articles of real value, as not yet intro- 
 duced into general practice, desirous at the same time of not over- 
 loading the catalogue of simples to be kept in the apothecary shop 
 as essential articles of the materia medica, the general convention 
 determined on forming two lists according to the circumstances pred- 
 icated above. 
 
 In the arrangement of the materia medica the plan proposed in the 
 middle district convention has been departed from. From the variety 
 and confused character of the synonymes employed to designate par-
 
 108 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 ticular articles great difficulties presented, to obviate -which appeared 
 to be an object of primary importance. By selecting the article to 
 be employed in medicine, and giving it an alphabetical arrangement, 
 according to the most approved nomenclature, in the leading column, 
 and referring, in the second column, to such authors as had described 
 the sources from which the article was derived, it was believed that a 
 clear and scientific list of the materia medica would be found accessi- 
 ble to the common apothecary, at the same time aifording that degree 
 of precision required in a wide extent of country where so many and 
 discordant denominations prevail. In this plan a preference is given 
 to the writers of this country for the most obvious reason, the desire 
 of rendering the work intelligible to every American. 
 
 The list of preparations and compounds is pretty nearly what was 
 agreed on in the convention of the middle district. Few additions 
 have been made, and where several preparations of nearly the same 
 character had been introduced, it was deemed advisable to make the 
 selection according to the most approved formula, so that the list has 
 been increased. 
 
 A committee of five persons has been appointed to arrange and 
 prepare the work for the press, who will be glad to receive aid of 
 those who take an interest in the work. 
 
 Thomas Parke. 
 Thomas T. Hewson. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1st February, 1820. 
 
 February 1, 1820. The expenses of the delegates of the College 
 to the general convention, ^119.33, were ordered to be paid ; and. 
 May 17, those of Dr. Hewson Avhile in New York as one of the 
 publication committee. 
 
 The College was admitted to be entitled to a share of the copy- 
 right of the Pharmacopoeia, which amounted to ^246. 
 
 September 4, 1821. Drs. Samuel P. Griffitts, Thomas C. James, 
 and Thomas T. Hewson, who had been appointed for the purpose, 
 August 7, reported that they had carefully revised the Pharmacopoeia, 
 and presented a list of suggested alterations, to be sent to the publi- 
 cation committee to aid in a further revision of the work. 
 
 At the first meeting of the general convention at Washington,
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 109 
 
 January, 1820, it was determined that the pharmacopoeia should be 
 revised every ten years, and to this end the President of it was 
 directed to notify all the incorporated State medical societies, colleges, 
 and schools, on the first of January, 1828, to elect delegates to repre- 
 sent them in the general convention to be assembled at Washington, 
 D. C, January, 1830. 
 
 April 29, 1828. A printed circular from the President of the 
 general convention of January, 1820, Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, notify- 
 ing the institutions concerned that each is authorized to elect three of 
 its members to represent it in the convention to meet in Washington, 
 January 1, 1830, and requesting that the names of the delegates 
 chosen be sent to him before April 1, 1829, was presented by Dr. 
 Hewson.^ 
 
 Drs. Hewson, Joseph Hartshorne, and George B. Wood, Avere 
 appointed to examine the national pharmacopoeia, and, before the 
 election of delegates to the convention is held, report any amend- 
 ments, corrections, and additions, which they may deem advisable. 
 
 January 27, 1829. On motion of Dr. Hewson, the Secretary was 
 directed to send to each Fellow a copy of a resolution that the mem- 
 
 1 "Writ for the Medical Convention of 1830." 
 
 " "Whereas, the Convention that was held at the city of "Washington in the 
 month of January, 1820, for forming a Pharmacopoeia for our United States of 
 America did resolve that the President of that Convention should, on the first 
 day of January, 1828, issue writs of election to the several incorporated State 
 Medical Societies in the Northern, Middle, Southern, and Western districts of 
 the Nation, requiring them to ballot for three delegates to a General Convention 
 to be held at Washington, on the first day of January, 1830, for the purpose of 
 revising the American Pharmacopoeia ; and whereas, the several institutions, as 
 aforesaid, are by the same authority requested to forward to the President on 
 or before the first day of April, 1829, the names of the three persons chosen; 
 with sundry other provisions contained in the historical introduction to the work, 
 to whicli the reader is referred. 
 
 "Now, therefore, I, Samuel L. Mitchell, give notice to all the incorporated 
 Medical Societies, Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, Medical Schools, and 
 Faculties of Universities, Colleges, and all other authorized bodies that they 
 choose proper persons to represent them in the General Convention to be held 
 in January, 1830, for revising the Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 " Given under my hand, this first day of January, 1828, at the city of New 
 
 York. 
 
 Samuel L. Mitchell, President.'^
 
 110 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 bers be requested to furnish the committee on the pharmacopoeia a 
 statement of their observation or experience in connection with articles 
 of materia medica not in the national pharmacopoeia, and sugges- 
 tions for its improvement. 
 
 Dr. Bache was added to the committee. 
 
 June 30, 1829. The committee on the pharmacopoeia was author- 
 ized to employ Mr. D. B. Smith, at the expense of the College, to 
 make some experiments for the use of the committee. 
 
 November 24, 1829. The committee presented a final report, of 
 which the concluding paragraph is as follows : " The critical exami- 
 nation of formulas and processes, the collating of authorities, both 
 chemical and pharmaceutical, and the discussions incident to their 
 inquiries, have imposed on your committee the necessity of holding 
 not less than one hundred meetings, have protracted their labors 
 beyond what was anticipated, and have prevented them from making 
 an earlier report." 
 
 Drs. George B. Wood and Franklin Bache were appointed dele- 
 gates to represent the College in the general convention of January 
 1, 1830, and their expenses were directed to be paid. 
 
 January 26, 1830. They reported in substance that very few of 
 the delegates were in Washington on Friday, January 1st, the day 
 appointed for the meeting of the convention, and, therefore, organiza- 
 tion was deferred until Monday, January 4th. Those then present 
 were Drs. Lewis Condict and Isaac Pearson, from the Medical Society 
 of the State of New Jersey ; Dr. John L. Morris, from the Medical 
 Society of Delaware ; Dr. James H. Miller, from the Medico-Chi- 
 rurgical Faculty of Maryland ; Drs. Thomas Henderson and N. W. 
 Worthington, from Columbia College, D. C. ; and Di's. Wood and 
 Bache, from the College of Physicians of Philadelphia : eight in all. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Condict was elected President, and Dr. Thomas Hender- 
 son, Secretary. 
 
 Believing that the number of delegates present was inadequate to 
 impart to the action of the convention the authority and influence 
 requisite to secure the object in view, it was determined to invite the 
 assistance of all congressmen present who were also members of the 
 profession, as well as of the Surgeon-General of the Army, and the 
 Senior Surgeon of the Navy.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. Ill 
 
 January 5th. Surgeon-General Joseph Lovell, Dr. Nathan Gaither, 
 of Kentucky, and Dr. G. E. Mitchell, of Maryland, members of 
 Congress, joined the convention. 
 
 The revised draft of a pharmacopoeia from the College of Physi- 
 cians of Philadelphia was presented, and referred to a committee of 
 five, including the delegates from the College. 
 
 A committee was appointed to devise a method for assembling the 
 next convention. 
 
 January 6th. The convention met in one of the rooms of the Capitol, 
 occupied by the Columbian Institute. Dr. Samuel Swan, member of 
 Congress from New Jersey, and Dr. Bailey Washington, Surgeon U. 
 S. Navy, took their seats. 
 
 January 7th. The committee to wdiich it had been referred, re- 
 ported that in its opinion, " the draft of pharmacopoeia presented by 
 the Philadelphia delegates was decidedly superior to the original work, 
 and should be adopted as the basis of the new edition," and recom- 
 mended that it should be referred to a committee composed of mem- 
 bers from each of the large cities of the Union, authorized, after 
 diligent examination, to amend or alter, and then publish it, as the 
 National Pharmacopoeia. The appointment of members of the com- 
 mittee was not restricted to the delegates present. They were selected 
 on account of their supposed interest in the subject, which was 
 infeiTed from their connection with the convention of 1820. The 
 committee consisted of Dr. Thomas T. Hewson, chairman, and two 
 members from each of these cities: Philadelphia, New York, Boston, 
 Baltimore, Washington, D. C, Charleston, S. C, Lexington, Ky., 
 and Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 A copy of the draft of the pharmacopoeia was to be furnished to 
 the members of each city, which, after due consideration, was to be 
 returned with amendments suggested to the chairman, who will notify 
 all the members to meet in Philadelphia at any time he may, at his 
 discretion, determine. 
 
 At this meeting the proposed amendments will be adopted or 
 rejected after due discussion. 
 
 The chairman was authorized to fill vacancies in the committee, 
 with the consent of the President and Secretary of the convention.
 
 1 1 2 RUSCIIENBERGER, 
 
 The method of assembling the National Convention of 1840 
 requires the President to notify the institutions concerned, through 
 the medical journals, January 1, 1839, to elect delegates, and report 
 their names to him immediately after their election. The names 
 reported are to be published by him, October, 1839, in the medical 
 journals, with a request that these delegates meet in convention at 
 Washington, D. C, on the first Monday in January, 1840.^ 
 
 When the reading of the report, summarized above, was concluded, 
 the College voted its thanks to the delegates for their services, and 
 authorized Drs. Hewson, Wood, and Bache, to have a copy of the 
 draft of the pharmacopoeia made for each city named, at tlie expense 
 of the College. 
 
 The founding and publishing of this very important work is ascrib- 
 able very largely, if not exclusively, to the enterprise of the College 
 of Physicians of Philadelphia. It was the only institution represented 
 in the very slenderly attended national convention that presented a 
 draft of a pharmacopoeia. Without it there would have been no basis 
 for the revision of the work by this convention. 
 
 General interest in the subject seems to have flagged after the 
 publication of the pharmacopoeia of 1820. No medical institution 
 of New England or New York sent delegates to the National Con- 
 vention of 1830. Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, of New York, the presi- 
 dent, did not appear at the meetings. 
 
 An explanation may be interesting at this time. 
 
 An attempt was made, either designedly or through misunder- 
 standing, to forestall the national convention, and so supersede its 
 work. 
 
 The prescribed method of constituting a convention to meet 
 January 1, 1830, was that the president should, on the first of 
 January, 1828, " issue writs of election to the several incorporated 
 
 * The gentlemen appointed on the committee were Dr. Thomas T. Hewson 
 chairman ; Drs. Jacob Bigelow and .John W. Webster, for Boston; Alexander 
 H. Stevens and John "Watts, for New York ; George B. Wood and Franklin 
 Bache, for Philadelphia; Samuel Baker and Elisha De Butts, for Baltimore; 
 Thomas Henderson and N. W. Worlhington, for Washington; John K. Tres- 
 cott and James Moultrie, for Charleston, S C. ; W. H. Kichardson and R. W. 
 Dudley, for Lexington, Ky. ; John Morehead and Charles E. Pierson, for Cin- 
 cinnati.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, 113 
 
 State medical societies, etc., in the northern district, requiring 
 them to ballot for three delegates to a general convention to be held 
 at Washington on the first of January, 1830, for the purpose of 
 revising the American pharmacopoeia ; and that these several institu- 
 tions be requested to forward to the president, on or before the first 
 day of April, 1829, the names of three persons thus designated by 
 ballot ; and the president of the convention is hereby requested, on 
 the said day, to assort and count the said votes, and to notify the 
 three persons who shall have the greatest number of votes of their 
 election ; and in case there should not be three persons who have a 
 greater number of votes than others, then the said president is desired 
 to put a ballot into the box for each of tliose persons who have an 
 equal number of votes, and draw therefrom such number of ballots 
 as shall make the number of delegates three, and notify as before." 
 This method to be applicable alike to the middle, southern, and 
 western districts. 
 
 The prescription for constituting the second convention was con- 
 strued to mean that it was limited to twelve members, three repre- 
 senting each of the four districts — that the institutions of the districts 
 were not severally authorized to representation, and that the president, 
 Dr. Mitchell, the sole judge of the district election, was to receive 
 and count the ballots cast in each. 
 
 Proceeding in accordance with this view. Dr. Mitchell decided 
 that Drs. Eli Ives, of New Haven, Jacob Bigelow, of Boston, and 
 Daniel Oliver, of Hanover, had been elected delegates from the 
 Northern District, and Dr. James McNaughton, of Albany, John 
 B. Beck and A. W. Ives, of New York, delegates for the Middle 
 District. 
 
 These six delegates and the president regarded themselves to be 
 the duly constituted National Convention for revising the pharma- 
 copoeia ; and by mutual consent, previously ascertained, they met in 
 New York, Jan. 1, 1830, "for the sake of convenience," instead of 
 proceeding to Washington. 
 
 They resolved " to prepare and publish an improved edition" of 
 the pharmacopoeia, and, for the purpose, to meet again on the first 
 Wednesday of June, 1830, at the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, in New York. By means of a circular, they invited the
 
 114 RUSCHENBERQER, 
 
 medical societies and institutions not represented to send a delegate to 
 this convention of seven to assist in the revision. On the second day 
 of June ten delegates were present — five from New York, two from 
 Yale, one from South Carolina, one from Ohio, and one from Berkshire. 
 
 They issued a volume entitled — The Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States of Ayneriea. By the Authority of '^G-eneral Convention for 
 the formation of the American Pharmacoj^oeia," held in 1830. 
 Second edition : from the first edition, published in 1820, with 
 additions and corrections. S. Converse, Keiv York, November, 
 1830." 
 
 A reviewer says that book-agents were employed to sell it to the 
 apothecaries of different towns, going from shop to shop chanting its 
 worth. Nevertheless, the spurious work Was not largely sold. The 
 authors of it were disappointed. Their work did not earn for them 
 a character for eminently precise learning, or very scrupulous dealing.^ 
 No one seems to have supposed that they were ignorant of the pro- 
 ceedings of the National Convention at Washington. Be that as it 
 may, no conclusive reasons are now apparent to justify their course 
 in the premises. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America. By Au- 
 thority of the National Medical Convention, held at Washington, 
 A.D. 1830. John G-rigg, Philadelphia, 1831, Avas published early 
 in the year, and was well received by the profession.^ Its New Y'ork 
 counterfeit lost the little circulation it may have had when first 
 uttered. 
 
 In July, 1831, Drs. Wood and Bache announced that they would 
 publish a Dispensatory of the United States, designed especially to 
 illustrate the pharmacopoeia. It was issued in January, 1833. The 
 fifteenth edition appeared in March, 1883. This excellent work 
 helped to give currency to the first, as well as to the subsequent 
 decennial revisions of the Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 July 2, 1839, the College, in compliance with due notice, elected 
 Drs. George B. Wood, Franklin Bache, and Henry Bond delegates 
 
 1 The North American Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. xi., January, 1831, 
 pp. 178-200. 
 
 2 Ibid., April, 1831, pp. 441-455.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 115 
 
 to the National Medical Convention for the revision of the pharma- 
 copoeia. Subsequently Dr. Wood, having been appointed to represent 
 the University of Pennsylvania, resigned, and Dr. Joseph Carson 
 was elected in his place. 
 
 December 24, 1839. Drs. Thomas T. Hewson, George B. Wood, 
 and Franklin Bache, who had been a committee to revise the phar- 
 macopoeia of 1830, reported, in substance, that they had begun work 
 toward the close of May and up to date had given close attention to 
 it. meeting usually three times a week. Availing themselves of per- 
 mission granted by the College they had engaged the assistance of 
 practical pharmacists, William Hodgson, Jr., and William Proctor, 
 Jr. They had noted in an interleaved copy of the first decennial 
 revision of the pharmacopoeia the amendments which they proposed, 
 and pre];)ared also explanatory notes on the alterations recommended, 
 combined with the reports of Messrs. Hodgson and Proctor on par- 
 ticular processes, which, should the report be adopted, may be useful 
 to the delegates by enabling them to understand the aims of the 
 committee. 
 
 March 3, 1840. The report of the delegates, dated January 20, 
 was presented. Substantially, that they had assisted in the organi- 
 zation of the National Medical Convention at Washington, Jan. 1, 
 1840, and besides themselves were present : Theophilus Dunn, of 
 the Rhode Island Medical Society ; Lewis Condict, of the New 
 Jersey Medical Society ; G. B. Wood, from the University of 
 Pennsylvania; Robley Dunglison, from the Jefferson Medical 
 College ; Wm. W. Morris and James Couper, from the Delaware 
 Medical Society ; John R. W. Dunbar, John C. S. Monkur, and 
 Edward Foreman, from the Washington University, Baltimore ; 
 Joshua J. Cohen, from the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland ; » 
 Thomas Sewall and N. W. Worthington, from the 3Iedical Society of 
 the District of Columbia ; Thomas Miller, Harvey Lindsley, and John 
 M. Thomas, from Columbia College, Washington, D. C. ; John W. 
 Davis, from the Yincennes Medical Society, Indiana; and William 
 Bacon Stevens' from the Georgia Medical Society, twenty in all. It 
 is notable — in connection with the proceedings of 1830 — that no 
 
 ^ Bishop of Pennsylvania from January 2, 1862.
 
 116 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, or New York were 
 present. 
 
 Dr. Condict was elected President, Dr. Wood, Vice-President, 
 Dr. Worthington, Secretary, and Dr. Harvey Lindsley, Assistant 
 Secretary. The Surgeon-General of the Army and the Senior 
 Surgeon of the Navy were invited to participate in the proceedings. 
 
 Again the only papers submitted to the Convention were from the 
 College. They were referred to a committee (Bache, Davis, Stevens, 
 Cohen, and Dunn) to report a plan of revision and publication. 
 
 The communication from the College of Physicians and all com- 
 munications thereafter received were referred to the committee of 
 revision and publication, consisting of seven (Wood, Bache, Dungli- 
 son, Cohen, Dunn, Stevens, and Sewall) of which three were a quorum. 
 The committee, which was to meet in Philadelphia at the call of the 
 chairman, was authorized to request the cooperation of the Colleges 
 of Pharmacy of the United States, to fill vacancies, to publish the 
 revision and take whatever measures necessary to accomplish the 
 object of this convention. The committee was directed to report, on 
 the conclusion of its labors, its proceedings to the Secretary of this 
 Convention, to be laid by him before the next one. 
 
 The time of meeting of the National Medical Convention was 
 changed from January to ^lay, because the difficulty of winter travel 
 prevented many delegates from being present. 
 
 The President was instructed to notify all institutions concerned. 
 May 1, 1849, to elect three delegates to attend the National Medical 
 Convention on the first Monday of May, 1850, and request each 
 body to make a careful revision of the pharmacopoeia and report the 
 result to the meeting. He was also to request medical and pharma- 
 ceutical institutions to send the names of their delegates to him as 
 soon as elected that they may be published in the medical journals 
 and newspapers in February or March, of 1850. 
 
 The College voted its thanks to Drs. Bache, Bond, and Carson, 
 for their services, and ordered their expenses, in all $112.47, to be 
 paid. 
 
 The committee of revision held its first meeting February 10, 
 1840. Their work was published in Philadelphia in 1842.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 117 
 
 As stated already, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 
 assisted to create and form the pharmacopoeia published in 1820. In 
 the manner described, the College contributed the result of careful 
 reviews of the work in aid of the revisions made under the authority 
 of the National Medical Conventions of 1830, '40, '50, '60, '70, and 
 '80. Except the sixth, all the revisions of the pharmacopoeia were 
 prepared and published in Philadelphia. 
 
 The convention of 1850 consisted of thirty members present, of 
 whom five were the first delegates ever admitted from colleges of 
 pharmacy. Of the seventy-nine delegates present in the convention 
 of 1880, twenty-one — little more than a fourth — were from pharma- 
 ceutical institutions. Of these thirteen were appointed on the com- 
 mittee of revision and publication, consisting of twenty-five members. 
 It was instructed to award the publication to the publishing house 
 offering the best terms. In the execution of this instruction there 
 was disagreement. The work was issued in New York, 1882, by 
 publishers whose bid, in the opinion of many, was the least eligible of 
 all the bids made. Had the best terms offered been accepted, the 
 publication would have continued in Philadelphia. 
 
 The value of the labors and incidental expenses of the College in 
 aiding to establish and foster the pharmacopoeia through many years — 
 more than a half century, is measurable by the degree of importance 
 accorded to the work. It is for the common benefit of the people. 
 This fiict is a very cogent if not conclusive reason why it should be 
 hereafter maintained under the authority and at the expense of the 
 United States, and cease to be among the charitable cares of local 
 medical institutions. Pharmacopoeias of European States are com- 
 piled and published at national expense, under authority of each 
 government. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia is not the only work for the common welfare 
 to which the College has given efficient help. It has always been 
 ready to aid in the preservation of the public health, and in the pro- 
 motion of investigations likely to benefit it, directly or indirectly. 
 
 The desire to print the Transactions of the College was manifested 
 at long intervals. Drs. J. W. Moore and Otto were appointed Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1820, to assist the censors in selecting those papers in 
 possession of the College which they might consider suitable for pub-
 
 118 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 lication. The poverty of the Society at the time made such occu- 
 pation premature. 
 
 The College consented, August 1, 1820, to examine such essays as 
 might be submitted for prize medals offered by the Humane Society 
 for the best two dissertations on Suspended Animation from Submer- 
 sion, and express its opinion of the comparative merits of the essays. 
 
 December 5, 1820. The entrance fee to the College was reduced to 
 ten dollars. 
 
 The following, addressed to the President of the College, was read: 
 
 The Select and Common Councils at their last meeting appointed 
 a joint committee "to inquire into the facts connected with the ap- 
 pearance and prevalence of malignant or pestilential disease during 
 the past summer and present autumn, and report those means they 
 may deem best adapted to prevent its recurrence or to check its prog- 
 ress." That Committee respectfully invites the College of Physicians, 
 the Academy of Medicine, the Board of Health, the Lazaretto phy- 
 sician, the Port physician and others, to communicate answers to the 
 following questions, directing to No. 225 Spruce Street. 
 By order of the joint Committee, 
 
 John R. C gates. Chairman. 
 November 29, 1820. 
 
 1st. Had you an opportunity of observing any cases of malignant 
 fever in Philadelphia in the months of July, August, September, and 
 October, 1820 ? 
 
 2d. In those districts which, according to your experience, were 
 most affected by disease, what peculiar causes were discovered which 
 did not exist in other parts of the city ? 
 
 3d. Did the disease abate in any considerable degree before the 
 appearance of frost ? 
 
 4th. AVhat means should be adopted with a view of preventing the 
 recui'rence, or of checking the progress of malignant autumnal fever 
 in this city ? 
 
 Drs. Hewson, Griffitts, and Emlen were appointed to prepare 
 answers. 
 
 At a special meeting, Dec. 20th, they submitted a report which was
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 119 
 
 ordered to be transmitted to the chairman of the joint committee of 
 the Select and Common Council of the city, as follows : 
 
 The College of Physicians of Philadelphia have deliberately con- 
 sidered the questions proposed by you on the 29th of November last, 
 and have directed the following replies thereto to be communicated 
 to you : 
 
 1st. Most of the members of the College had an opportunity of 
 observing cases of malignant fever in Philadelphia, in the months of 
 July, August, September, and October last. The type was as ma- 
 lignant as we have ever known it. Those persons who remained in 
 the infected district, after being taken sick, seldom recovered. Reme- 
 dies did not appear to have the usual effects in these cases. 
 
 2d. The Board of Health, from their more correct knowledge of 
 the facts, are best qualified to give satisfactory answers to these 
 particulars. 
 
 3d. The disease, though malignant, was partial. It gave way in 
 appearance to frost, but not in that striking manner which had 
 occurred in years when it was more widely spread. 
 
 4th. During the months of June, July, August, and September 
 every vessel from the coast of Africa, West Indies, and Continent of 
 America to the southward of Cape Fear, should undergo a strict 
 search and perform an effectual quarantine. This proceeding should 
 take place during the whole year with respect to vessels from the 
 Mediterranean. 
 
 To prevent the spreading of malignant fever amongst us, the 
 Board of Health should have full power to remove vessels and per- 
 sons, and prevent communication with infected places ; also, to have 
 infected houses and bedding thoroughly cleansed. And, lastly, we 
 would advise strict attention to the means for producing cleanliness 
 and free ventilation, especially in those parts of the city near the 
 Delaware, where the malignant fever has always made its first 
 appearance. 
 
 This cannot be done whilst Water Street continues in its present 
 confined situation, with the accumulated filth of many years, and, 
 for the most part, without privies. We, therefore, strongly recom- 
 mend the prosecution of the plan now in contemplation for removing 
 the whole of the buildings from the east side of Front St., inclusive,
 
 120 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 to the river, beginning at Vine and ending at South St., according 
 to the original plan of "William Penn, the wise and intelligent founder 
 of our city.^ 
 
 April 3, 1821. The College was pressed for its rent, which had 
 not been paid during more than four years. A committee appointed 
 for the purpose, reported that it had borrowed $250, for ninety days? 
 at the usual rate of bank discount. The arrears of rent, $228.33, 
 were paid. 
 
 July 3d. The note was due. Its payment, as far as the condition 
 of the treasury would allow, was ordered ; and the treasurer reported, 
 Aug. 7, that he had paid $150 on account of the note, and had a 
 balance of §27.87 in the treasury. 
 
 Feb. 5, 1822. The rent for the preceding year, $20, was paid. 
 July 2d, the treasury had been overdrawn $6.66. 
 
 July 3, 1823. Bills for fuel and rent, and balance of the note, 
 with interest, $110, had been paid, leaving the College still in debt 
 to the treasurer, $18.62. 
 
 These records of financial deficiency should not be forgotten. 
 
 April 6, 1824. Drs. Neill, James, Parrish, Hewson, and Otto 
 were appointed to prepare a fee bill, which was considered at subse- 
 quent meetings and adopted Nov. 2d. 
 
 June 1st. A proposition to reduce the entrance fee from ten to five 
 dollars was ordered to lie over for three months. 
 
 Oct. 5th. It was proposed that the meetings of the College during 
 the winter season should be at seven o'clock p.m. 
 
 Nov. 2d. Dr. Joseph Parrish stated to the College that John Zim- 
 merman, a prisoner at Orwigsburg, Schuylkill Co., Pa., was to be 
 
 ^ A detailed history of this fever may be found in "An Account of the Yellow 
 or Malignant Fever in the City of Philadelphia, in the summer and autumn of 
 1820, with some observations on that disease. Kead before the Academy of 
 Medicine. By Samuel Jackson, M.D., President of the Board of Health." 
 Published in the Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, 
 vol. 1, 1820, and vol. 2, 1821.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 121 
 
 executed on the 30th instant, for the murder of his daughter, and 
 that there were strong reasons for believing that he was insane when 
 he committed the crime and is still. 
 
 Drs. Griffitts, James, Otto, and Parrish were instructed to ascer- 
 tain the facts of the case, and, if deemed expedient, to request a 
 special meeting of the College. 
 
 Nov. 9th. Special meeting. The committee confirmed Dr. Par- 
 rish's report, and submitted a memorial which was adopted, as follows : 
 
 To John Anthony Shultz, Govej-nor of the State of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, in conformity with the 
 nature of their institution and of their practice in important cases, 
 respectfully call the attention of the Chief Magistrate of the Com- 
 monwealth to a subject which is deeply interesting to humanity and 
 to civil society. 
 
 We have learned from the public papers that John Zimmerman is 
 now in the prison of Orwigsburg, Schuylkill Co., Pa., under sentence 
 of death for murder of the first degree, and that the 30th of the 
 present month is the day appointed for his execution. From infor- 
 mation received by members of the College, there appear to them 
 sufficient grounds to conclude that the murder was committed by said 
 Zimmerman in a state of insanity. 
 
 We have ascertained that the prisoner's mother was for many 
 years aflHicted with mental derangement, and that two of his sisters 
 have been, for some time, also insane. 
 
 The illness of the prisoner's daughter at the time he destroyed 
 her, Avith the unremitting attention he is said to have paid her during 
 her sickness, subjected him to tlie combined operation of great bodily 
 fatigue and mental anxiety, which were causes especially calculated 
 to produce a malady, to which it would appear he possessed a very 
 strong hereditary predisposition. 
 
 Medical men, whose opportunities for acquiring information in 
 mental diseases are most extensive, are fully aware of the difficulty 
 of arriving speedily at correct judgment in some cases of most decided 
 insanity, for it is a well-known fact that maniacs who are neces- 
 sarily placed under confinement, from a regard to the safety of the
 
 122 RUSCIIENBERGER, 
 
 community, will often display astonishing acuteness and system in 
 accomplishing plans that are founded on the most inconsistent and 
 irrational premises. 
 
 Under these views, and deeply impressed with the awfulness of 
 consigning to death a fellow-man, who, if insane, ^annot be regarded 
 as accountable for his actions, we do, as Christians and citizens of 
 Pennsylvania, most respectfully and earnestly entreat that the Gov- 
 ernor will cause to be delayed the execution of the sentence of death 
 on the prisoner Zimmerman until his real condition can be satis- 
 factorily ascertained. 
 
 Jan. 22, 1825. The Governor replied to the memorial, Jan. 17, 
 that he had respited the execution of the unfortunate Zimmerman 
 from time to time, and caused his mental condition to be examined 
 by three respectable neighboring physicians, Avho do not agree in 
 opinion ; and now, under the circumstances, he felt it to be his duty 
 to respite him till March 30th. He requested that the College 
 would appoint some of its members to visit the unfortunate Zim- 
 merman. 
 
 The committee to which the Governor's letter was referred, re- 
 quested, in a communication adopted by the College, Feb. 1st, to be 
 furnislied with the notes of evidence taken by the presiding judge at 
 Zimmerman's trial, previous to visiting the prisoner. The Governor 
 could not comply with the request, because he had not possession of 
 the notes of testimony asked. 
 
 The Fellows selected to visit Zimmerman plead the inconvenience 
 of leaving their business in the city during the prevalence of an 
 epidemic influenza, and were excused. In their places, Drs. Parke, 
 James, Otto, J. Wilson Moore, and Parrish, or any two of them, 
 were appointed, and instructed, March 26, 1825, to go to Orwigs- 
 burg, and, armed with the Governor's commission, examine Zim- 
 merman. 
 
 April 5th. They reported that they reached Orwigsburg in the 
 evenino; of March 28th, and remained until the morning of the 30th. 
 Within that time they had four interviews with Zimmerman, heard 
 the testimony of the sheriff and his deputies, and carefully considered 
 the judge's notes of evidence taken at the trial. The result of this 
 investigation, they said, "leaves not a doubt in our minds that for
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 123 
 
 several days previous to the death of Rosina Zimmerman, up to the 
 period Avhen the prisoner came under our observation, he, the said 
 John Zimmerman, has been afflicted with insanity." 
 
 Thos. Parke, 
 Jos. Parrish, 
 John W. Moore. 
 
 April 2, 1826. 
 
 An authenticated copy of this report was sent to the Governor. 
 Zimmerman's sentence was not executed. The intervention of the 
 College in this case cost the Society $50.25, travelling expenses of 
 the committee. 
 
 Nov. 2, 1824. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy represented 
 that there was reason to believe that some practitioners received a 
 royalty on prescriptions, as a consideration for sending them to certain 
 apothecaries, and asked the College of Physicians to aid in extin- 
 guishing the evil practice. 
 
 The subject was referred to a committee, and after receiving its 
 report, the College of Physicians assured the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy, Dec. 7th, that none of its Fellows had ever degraded him- 
 self by such collusion, and hoped that the College of Pharmacy may 
 be able to restrain its members from such improper conduct. At 
 the same time attention was invited to those apothecaries who habit- 
 ually prescribe for those who neglect to apply for proper medical 
 advice. 
 
 March 1, 1825. The College of Pharmacy appointed a committee — 
 Messrs. D. B. Smith, Henry Troth, and Peter Lehman — to confer 
 with committees constituted by the medical profession on " the most 
 advisable means of discountenancing and checking the evil." 
 
 The College of Physicians considered its participation in the pro- 
 posed action inexpedient, because it would be " assuming authority 
 over the members of another association," and, therefore, declined 
 the conference, and at the same time expressed its opinion that the 
 laudable efforts of the College of Pharmacy to check the improper 
 practice of medicine by apothecaries would be effectual. 
 
 As long as there are medical practitioners and apothecaries whose 
 conduct is not controlled by professional ethics or rules of honor, 
 irregularities and vicious practices of the kind just referred to will
 
 124 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 continue to exist, and measures to repress them will be always 
 required, 
 
 June G, 1826. The secretary Avas directed to record " the death 
 of our much respected vice-president," who died May 12th, in his 
 sixty-seventh year, 
 
 NOTICE OF DR, SAMUEL POWEL GRIFFITTS, 
 
 Samuel Powel Griffitts, the third and last child of William Griffitts 
 and his wife Abigail Powel, who were members of the Society of 
 Friends, was born in Philadelphia, July 21, 1759, 
 
 He was educated at the College of Philadelphia, studied medicine 
 under Dr. Adam Kuhn, and received the degree of Bachelor of 
 Medicine from the University of the State of Pennsylvania, July, 
 1781, 
 
 He went to Paris the same year, and spent some time there attend- 
 ing lectures and visiting the hospitals. In the fall of 1782, he re- 
 paired to Montpellier ; and at the Medical School there, which was 
 tlien famous, he followed a course of lectures. He devoted a part of 
 the spring and early summer to visiting various places on the conti- 
 nent, and reached London in June, 1783, In the autumn he went 
 to Edinburgh and returned to London in the spring of 1784, After 
 an absence of three years, diligently employed in observation and 
 study, he returned to Philadelphia m the autumn of the same year. 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, 
 January, 1785, and was one of its Council 1791-97. 
 
 In 1786 he took an active part in founding the Philadelphia Dis- 
 pensary. Many ascribe this work to his exertions alone. But in 
 a short manuscript found among his papers Dr. Griffitts gives the 
 credit to another. He says : " In the spring of 1785, Dr. Henry 
 Moves, who was then in Philadelphia giving a course of lectures 
 upon natural philosophy, proposed to some persons of his acquaintance 
 there, the instituting a public dispensary for the medical relief of 
 the poor, much on the same plan as those of London and other large 
 cities of Great Britain. The Doctor drew up the plan thereof, 
 assisted by S. Powel ; but on account of his short stay in Philadel- 
 phia, delayed making any further progress in the business, except
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 125 
 
 talking of it amongst his friends, and desiring me to keep it in mind, 
 and to look out for a proper house. On the i-etui-n of the Doctor to 
 the city, the subject was revived ; and after several conversations 
 between Dr. Moyes, S. PoAvel, Drs. Rush, Hall, Morris, and him- 
 self, a plan was agreed upon by them, and the institution organized. 
 The first meeting of the managers and physicians was held at the 
 City Tavern, February 10, 1786, when it was resolved, as the first 
 step, that the managers and physicians should collect subscriptions. 
 At the next meeting, February 24th, they reported 320 subscribers. 
 
 Dr. Griffitts was a manager, and for seven years an attending 
 physician of the institution. During forty years, wdth very few 
 exceptions, he was a daily visitor at the Dispensary. To meet the 
 demands of the poor for medical relief, caused by a large increase of 
 population, a dispensary was established in Southwark and one in 
 the Northern Liberties in 1816. In the foundation of these addi- 
 tional charities he w'as probably no less actively interested than he 
 had been, thirty years before, in instituting the first ; so that, as 
 Dr. Emerson says, " he may be fairly considered as the father of the 
 dispensaries of his native city." 
 
 He was a member of the Humane Society from 1786, and joined 
 the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, 
 which was chartered in 1789. 
 
 He married Mary, a daughter of William Fishbourne, in 1787, 
 who, with their six children survived him. 
 
 He w^as appointed professor of materia medica in the University 
 of Pennsylvania, 1792, and resigned the office after four years' 
 service, 1796. 
 
 During the prevalence of yellow fever in 1793, '97, '98, '99, 1802 
 and 1805, his services were conspicuous. " He stood in the midst of 
 the desolation, and, regardless of personal danger, was solely intent 
 upon extending relief to his suffering fellow-citizens." 
 
 When the French refugees from St. Domingo, who escaped from 
 the successful insurrection there in 1793, arrived in Philadelphia, 
 destitute of all but their lives, they found Dr. Griffitts to be their 
 efficient friend. He spoke their language fluently. He was very 
 active in procuring money and means and applying them to relieve 
 the necessities of the sufferers. In a short time $12,000 were
 
 126 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 collected from our citizens for their use, a large part of which was 
 confided to Dr. Griffitts for distribution among them. 
 
 When the Philadelphia yearly meeting of the Society of Friends, 
 in 1811, proposed to make suitable provision for the care of such 
 of its members as were deprived of their reason. Dr. Griffitts 
 eagerly enlisted himself in the cause. The subject had been on his 
 mind many years. As soon as the Society had determined that an 
 institution should be founded and placed under the direction of the 
 contributing members of the Philadelphia yearly meeting, he drew 
 up the plan and took a most active part in all the duties connected 
 with the erection of the buildings and arrangements for the reception 
 of patients. His labor contributed largely to the institution of the 
 Friends' Asylum, near Frankford. 
 
 Dr. Griffitts Avas an early riser, and always began the day by 
 reading some part of the New Testament in Greek or Latin. " Im- 
 pressed Avith a deep sense of the paramount obligations of religion, 
 he was seldom known to be absent from the meetings of worship or 
 business of his society." All his conduct Avas characterized by 
 punctuality. 
 
 " The private worth and domestic virtues of Dr. Griffitts will 
 forever endear his memory to his family, and to all Avho kneAv him 
 intimately. As a friend, he was kind, sincere, and obliging ; as a 
 husband attentive and affectionate : as a father fond and indulgent. 
 His piety was founded on the Christian dispensation, as inculcated 
 in the precepts, and maintained in practice by the religious Society 
 of Friends." 
 
 July 4, 1826. Thomas C. James Avas elected Vice-President of 
 the College, in place of Dr. Griffitts deceased. 
 
 May 1, 1827. A resolution, introduced at a previous meeting, 
 was adopted that each member, in turn, beginning at the head of 
 the list, shall, at each stated meeting, read an original or selected 
 paper which shall be the subject of discussion ; and that " every 
 person failing to perform the duty shall pay the sum of one dollar." 
 
 Dr. Parke read the first paper. On the Use of Cold and Warm 
 Bathing^ July 3d. At each subsequent meeting during many years 
 a paper Avas read. To create and foster a custom of presenting
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 127 
 
 contributions of the kind, in spite of lack of means to publish the 
 Transactions, it was resolved, January 29, 1828, that the author of 
 any paper read before the College might publish it in the North 
 American Medical and Surgical Journal. October 24, 1829, when 
 it was his turn to read a paper, Dr. Parke excused himself, and paid 
 the fine, one dollar.^ 
 
 September 4, 1827. The stated meetings of the Society were 
 up to this time held in the afternoon. It was resolved, the propo- 
 sition having bdbn submitted March 6, 1827, that the hour of meet- 
 ing in future be at seven o'clock p.m. from October until March, 
 and at eight o'clock p.m. from April till September. 
 
 A motion, made October 2d, that the stated meetings be held on 
 the last Tuesday in each month, was adopted December 4, 1827. 
 
 At this meeting Drs. Neill, Meigs, Ruan, Mitchell, and Hodge 
 submitted a proposition that the number of fellows of the College 
 shall not exceed forty. It was considered January 29, 1828, and 
 postponed. 
 
 In consequence of the change in the time of meeting, the bill for 
 rent included a charge of $6 a year for candles. 
 
 July 29, 1828. The death of Dr. William Currie, one of the 
 founders of the College, who died June 13th, is recorded. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. WILLIAM CURRIE. 
 
 William Currie, a son of an Episcopal clergyman, who was a 
 native of Scotland, was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1754. 
 It was designed that William should become a clergyman. With 
 this view his education was directed. Under the instruction of his 
 father and competent teachers, he acquired thorough knowledge of 
 Latin and Greek, and a superficial knowledge of the Hebrew lan- 
 guages. 
 
 It is stated that at an early age he had imbibed opinions in conflict 
 with those inculcated by the Thirty-nine Articles, and for this reason 
 he was not willing to become a public teacher in the Church. He 
 
 1 The treasurer reported, November 26, ]83:>, that the fines paid up to date 
 amounted to §17.
 
 128 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 preferred the medical profession, and was apprenticed to Dr. Kearsley. 
 After the close of his apprenticeship he attended the medical lectures 
 of the College of Philadelphia. No diploma Avas conferred upon him. 
 Whether he obtained from the professors (as his contemporary and 
 fellow constituent of the College of Physicians, Benjamin Duffield, 
 did, because no commencement Avas held in 1774) certificates that he 
 had attended their lectures has not been ascertained. It is certain, 
 however, that he did not write M.B. or M.D. after his name on the 
 title-page of any one of the several books and pamphlets which he 
 published. 
 
 He entered the American Army as a surgeon early in the revolu- 
 tionary conflict. In 1776 he was attached to the military hospital 
 on Long Island, and subsequently at Amboy. 
 
 His father was a tory, and viewed the resistance of the colonies 
 to the authority of the mother country as highly improper. He 
 earnestly endeavored to dissuade his son from entering the army, 
 and promised, if he had determined to engage in military service, to 
 use his influence to obtain for him a surgeon's commission in an 
 Eno-lish regiment. Young Currie was inflexible. He conceived it 
 to be his duty to prefer the service of his country, in spite of the 
 toil, danger, and privations incident to it, rather than that of its 
 oppressors with all its advantages then seemingly in prospect. 
 
 At the close of the war he began to practise medicine in the town 
 of Chester, and soon afterward married. 
 
 The Philadelphia Directory for 1785 records his residence at the 
 corner of Second and Pine Streets. 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society 
 July, 1792, and contributed to the Transactions, vol. iv., a paper 
 On the Insalubrity of Flat and 3Iarshy Situations ; and Directions 
 for Preventing or Correcting the Effects thereof. 
 
 For many years he was a member of the Board of Health, and 
 senior physician of the Magdalen x\sylum. 
 
 His first wife having been dead some time, he married, 1793, the 
 widow of Dr. Busch. They had one son and three daughters. The son 
 and one daughter survived their parents. The death of Mrs. Currie, 
 in 1816, made upon him a profound and lasting impression. From 
 that time it is stated that his mental vigor gradually abated, but he
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 129 
 
 addressed a bright communication, December 6, 1820/ to the joint 
 committee of the City Councils on the yellow fever of that year. 
 He became hopelessly childish later, and so continued till his death 
 in 1828. 
 
 Dr. Currie was well acquainted with medical literature, and was 
 highly estimated by cotemporary physicians. He was a successful 
 practitioner, and amassed considerable wealth. He Avas always, 
 however, extremely plain in his dress and manners, and strictly 
 temperate in all things. To the deserving poor he freely gave his 
 professional services, and, in cases of need, money also. 
 
 " In private life, Dr. Currie presented a truly amiable disposition. 
 It must be acknowledged that in the warmth of conversation his love 
 for satire would lead him occasionally to place in a ludicrous light 
 the foibles of his professional opponents, but for this he in some 
 measure compensated by always giving them full credit for whatever 
 talents or estimable qualities they might possess. Throughout life 
 he observed a stern integrity, which would never permit him to do 
 injustice knowingly even to the character of an enemy." 
 
 Though he did not assent to the doctrines of the trinity and of 
 eternal punishment, he was a member and constant attendant of 
 the Episcopal Church. He was an attentive student of the Bible. 
 Before retiring to rest at night he habitually read a chapter in the 
 Greek or English Testament, and so manifested his spirit of religious 
 devotion. 
 
 June 30, 1829. The censors reported the balance in the treasury 
 
 $109.42. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1832. The college appointed Drs. Otto, Bache, and 
 Wood, to confer with a committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy on the means of introducing the Pharmacopoeia into 
 general use. As the result of the conference the original of the 
 following paper was ordered, March 27th, to be preserved in the 
 archives, and a copy of it to be sent to the College of Pharmacy. 
 
 1 Report of the Joint Committee of Cour.cils, relative to the Malijjnant or 
 Pestilential Disease of the Summer and Autumn of 1820, in the City of Phila- 
 delphia. Philadelphia, 1821. 
 
 9
 
 130 
 
 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 The undersigned members of the College of Physicians of Phila- 
 delphia, convinced of the importance of having a uniform standard 
 for the preparation of medicines, and believing the Pharmacopoeia 
 prepared by the National Medical Convention of 1820, and revised 
 by that which met at Washington in January, 1830, to be the best 
 adapted to meet this object, do hereby recognize the authority of the 
 same, and agree to use their influence with the apothecaries to pro- 
 cure the adoption of its formulae in the shops. 
 
 Thomas Parke, 
 Thomas C. James, 
 John C. Otto, 
 Joseph Parrish, 
 Joseph Hartshorne, 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Henry Neill, 
 J. Wilson Moore, 
 Charles D. Meigs, 
 
 N. Chapman, 
 Henry Bond, 
 Hugh L. Hodge, 
 Franklin Bache, 
 George B. Wood, 
 William Darrach, 
 Charles Lukens, 
 B. H. Coates, 
 John Ruan, 
 
 John Moore, 
 J. K. Mitchell, 
 John Bell, 
 R. M. Huston, 
 George Fox, 
 R. La Roche, 
 J. P. Gebhard, 
 Thos. H. Ritchie, 
 Joseph Togno. 
 
 April 12. The Board of Health requested the college to ap- 
 point a committee "to institute an impartial examination into all 
 the facts in relation to the epidemic cholera, and to report in detail 
 the result of the investigation for the benefit and satisfaction of the 
 unprofessional as well as of the medical part of the community." 
 
 Drs. Thos. C. James, T. T. Hewson, H. L. Hodge, John Bell, 
 C. D. Meigs, B. H. Coates, and R. La Roche, were appointed in 
 accordance with the request, which was amended and adopted May 
 31st, and sent to the Board of Health. 
 
 May 28, 1833. In accordance with instruction, the secretary 
 reported that he had prepared lists of all the fellows and associates 
 elected since the origin of the society. He was directed to have 
 blank leaves inserted in the first volume of minutes, and record 
 upon them the names, with a note of loss by death, resignation, and 
 forfeiture of membership, according to his plan. 
 
 Nov. 26. The balance in the treasury was $308.42. The treas- 
 urer and secretary were directed to invest the surplus in some pro- 
 ductive stock. They reported, Dec. 31st, that they had purchased
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 181 
 
 of the six per cent. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal loan for 
 $298.76. This is the first indication of financial ease noted on the 
 minutes in forty-six years. 
 
 The By-laws being out of print, they were referred, June 25, 
 1833, to Drs. Bond, Bache, and Hodge, to examine and report 
 " Avhether it is expedient to make any alterations in them." They 
 suggested amendments in September. The by-laws were considered 
 at the subsequent meetings, section by section, and unanimously 
 adopted. May 27, 1834. They were printed, with a list of the 
 fellows,^ 250 copies, and each fellow supplied with one July 1st. 
 
 Notable changes were made. The charter superseded the consti- 
 tution. The by-laws were made to conform to its provisions. The 
 number of associates was limited to forty, ten of whom should be 
 foreign. Candidates for fellowship, instead of applying for admis- 
 sion, were to be proposed by three fellows, and balloted for at the 
 next or subsequent meeting. The entrance fee was fixed at ten, 
 and the annual contribution at three dollars. 
 
 The stated meetings were to be held on the first Tuesday of 
 every month ; from October to March at 7, and from April to Sep- 
 tember at 8 o'clock P.M. 
 
 The by-laws provided, besides a committee of three fellows on the 
 library, standing committees, 1, on the Theory and Practice of Medi- 
 cine ; 2, on Surgery ; 3, on Midwifery ; 4, on Diseases of Children ; 
 5, on Materia Medica and Pharmacy ; 6, on Meteorology and Epi- 
 demics ; 7, on Public Hygiene. It was a duty of the president and 
 vice-president, at the stated meeting in August of every year, to 
 assign the fellows to one or other of these committees. Each com- 
 mittee was required to submit an annual report at stated times. 
 
 Each paper intended for the Transactions was to be referred to a 
 special committee. 
 
 The duties of the committee on the library were to purchase 
 books, take care of the library, as well as of all papers confided to it 
 by the college, and cause them to be published under its direction. 
 
 ^ Included in vol. iii. Summary of Transactions of College of Physicians, 
 1849-50, printed 1834. Number of Fellows then 31.
 
 132 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Feb. 3, 1835. Dr. Parrish announced the death of the president, 
 Dr. Thomas Parke, the last survivor of the founders of the college, 
 who died January 9th, in the 86th year of his age. 
 
 NOTICE OF DR. THOMAS PARKE. 
 
 His biographer, Dr. Joseph Parrish, said, June 7, 1836 : " I have 
 often listened with delight to conversations in this room [hall of the 
 American Philosophical Society] many years ago, and from aged 
 lips have heard many interesting facts and anecdotes they derived 
 from those who were old when they were young. I might enume- 
 rate the venerable Kuhn, Duffield, Parke — and of lesser age — 
 Wistar, Griffitts, Glentworth, etc. These, with many more, may be 
 remembered as links in that chain which connects us with an honor- 
 able generation that has now passed away." 
 
 Thomas Parke, the fourth president, and the last one who was a 
 founder of the college, was born in Chester County, Pa., August 6, 
 1749, 0. S. He became a pupil of Robert Proud, then, 1765, a cele- 
 brated classical teacher in this city. He studied medicine during 
 three years, under the direction of Dr. Cadwalader Evans. The 
 College of Philadelphia conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor 
 of Medicine, June 5, 1770. He seems to have been always content 
 with this. At that period as much, and perhaps considerably more, 
 study and preparation were necessary to obtain that degree than 
 have been requisite since to secure, from some of our many com- 
 peting institutions, the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 He went to London in 1771, attended the clinical practice of 
 Guv's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, heard a course of lectures at 
 Edinburgh, and returned to Philadelphia in 1773. He at once 
 began to practise in partnership with Dr. Evans, his former master. 
 
 He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, 
 Jan. 21, 1774, and was one of the curators, 1795-96. 
 
 He married, April, 1775, Rachel, eldest daughter of James Pem- 
 berton, Avho died in 1786, leaving a daughter and two sons. They 
 survived their father, Avho remained a widower, and, during his long 
 life and declining years, were pleased to minister, in the most affec- 
 tionate manner, by day and by night, to his happiness and comfort.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 133 
 
 Their filial devotion was most loving and exemplary ; it is cited as 
 conclusive evidence of the excellence of their father's nature. 
 
 Dr. Parke was elected one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital in 1777, and served till 1823 — a term of 4:0^j years. 
 None was more faithfully assiduous in attention to his duty. 
 
 His abilities were mai-ked more by solidity than brilliance ; more 
 by plain common sense than by flights of genius. In his intercourse 
 with his professional brethren, his deportment was always dignified 
 and courteous. Dr. Parrish says, " He was truly a peacemaker, 
 and as such was blessed with the respect and kind feeling of his 
 medical associates. Amidst all the collisions which may have agi- 
 tated our community he held the even tenor of his way, main- 
 taining his own opinions without unfriendly collision with others. 
 
 " In the memorable and deeply to be deplored controversy about 
 the contagion and non-contagion of yellow fever, he has told me 
 how he labored, in the early stage, to preserve harmony in the pro- 
 fession by personal and friendly eff'orts extended to prominent and 
 estimable characters who held conflicting opinions. He saw, as he 
 expressed it, the small spark ; but he was unable to extinguish it 
 and prevent the conflagration. Still such was the discretion which 
 marked his course, so convinced were all parties of the purity of his 
 motives that he retained their universal esteem. 
 
 " In the discharge of his duty to his patients and the community 
 at large he was faithful and intrepid. No circumstances of personal 
 danger, of privation, or fatigue would induce him to abandon his 
 post during those awful epidemics of yellow fever which have con- 
 signed so many thousands of our citizens to the grave. 
 
 " Nothing could move him ; and although in the year 1793, in 
 common with many of his professional brethren, he was laid pros- 
 trate by the disease, not a few of whom fell victims to its violence, 
 yet he rose from his attack to renew his best efforts to stay the 
 progress of the destroyer. Noble, indeed, is such an example, and 
 worthy to be followed. 
 
 " He was always alive to the active duties of his profession, and 
 the calls of humanity, even in advanced age. 
 
 " For some years previously to his death I attended him through
 
 134 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 several severe attacks of illness ; one, a remittent fever then preva- 
 lent through all parts of our country. 
 
 " His fine and vigorous constitution rose above these depressing 
 causes, and he still continued his usual avocations. He always 
 visited his patients oh foot, and in this respect was similar to Drs. 
 Kuhn and Griffitts." 
 
 Feeling unable to discharge his duties in the college, owing to 
 his advanced age and declinino- health. Dr. Parke resigned his 
 fellowship Nov. 30, 1830. Drs. Otto and Parrish were instructed 
 to request him to withdraw his resignation, and assure him that the 
 college excused him from involuntary attendance. At the meeting 
 of Dec. 28th he occupied the chair. 
 
 Again, Jan, 31, 1832, he tendered his resignation, but at the 
 request of the fellows, he consented to continue his connection with 
 the college. Bodily infirmities prompted him to offer his resigna- 
 tion, for a third time, July 30, 1833, but Drs. Otto and Parrish, at 
 the instance of the college, induced him to withdraw it. 
 
 June 2, 1835. The treasurer reported that the income of the 
 college for the preceding year was (fines $13, annual contributions 
 $84, entrance $10) $107 ; and the total expenditures were $82.82. 
 
 July 6. A special meeting was held on account of the death of 
 the president. Dr. Thomas C. James, who died the day before at 8 
 o'clock P.M. Resolutions of regret ; that a fellow be appointed to 
 prepare a memoir of the deceased, and that the college adjourn to 
 meet the next day at his late residence to attend his funeral at 4 
 o'clock P.M., were adopted. 
 
 Oct. 6. Drs. Coxe, Bond, and Moore, Avere appointed to arrange 
 for the convenient and safe keeping of the records of the college 
 and for the better accommodation of the library. 
 
 Feb. 2, 1836. On motion of Dr. R. M. Huston, certain remarks 
 about the college, published in the Boston Medical and Surgical 
 Journal of January 6, 1836, were referred to the censors for investi- 
 gation and report. 
 
 March 1. Dr. Henry Neil, in behalf of the censors, reported that 
 they had fully examined the observations alluded to, as follows :
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 135 
 
 " When empiricism shields itself under the cloak of regular fellow- 
 ship with those who are bound by the laws of honor to sustain the 
 dignity of the medical profession, it is extremely mortifying ; and 
 the man who deliberately demeans himself and degrades the order 
 to which he may have been admitted deserves pointed reprobation, 
 even though enveloped in collegiate parchment." 
 
 This remark occurs in a short notice of a pamphlet entitled, 
 " Annual Medical Statistical Report of Dr. J. Togno's Infirmary 
 for the Cure of Deafness, from 1834 to 1835. ' To prejudge other 
 men's notions before we have looked into them, is not to show their 
 weakness but to put out their own eyes ' — Locke. By J. Togno, 
 M.D. Univ. Penna. ; Member of the Philadelphia Medical Society 
 and of the Philadelphia College of Physicians. ' Let the deaf hear.' 
 Philadelphia, 1835." 
 
 The censors call attention to an important distinction between 
 empiricism properly so-called, and the modes of proceeding usually 
 followed by empirics in the furtherance of their views. The former 
 is highly disgraceful and criminal; in themselves the latter may not 
 be dishonorable or vicious, but become so in connection with the 
 interest they are intended to promote. To employ a secret remedy, 
 or to recommend the indiscriminate use of any one remedy is strictly 
 empirical ; to be liberal in self commendation, to take every oppor- 
 tunity to advertise one's supposed special or general competence, and 
 to strengthen one's claim to favorable notice by certificates from 
 others, though not in accord with the generally accepted rules of 
 professional propriety, do not involve any immorality, unless the 
 object aimed at be immoral. 
 
 The censors condemned the tone, as well as some substantial parts 
 of the pamphlet ; but did not feel justified in recommending any 
 course of action in the premises by the college. 
 
 Dr. Togno read a paper in reference to his case, consisting chiefly 
 of charges of misconduct in one or more fellows of the college. 
 He demanded that his paper should be recorded on the minutes. It 
 was referred to the censors. 
 
 They reported. May 3, 1836, in substance, that Dr. Togno had 
 read before them, April 9th, the paper to which he had referred in his 
 communication to the college, and at the same time stated that
 
 136 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 having instituted legal proceedings against Dr. Coates he did not 
 ask redress from the college. At a meeting of the censors on the 
 19th, Dr. Coates said that, as well as he could recollect. Dr. Togno's 
 communication was substantially correct, and had the investigation 
 been restricted to a professional tribunal, he would have adduced 
 evidence to justify his remarks, but as the matter had been referred 
 to a law court, he was not willing to communicate anything which 
 might reach Dr. Togno and be prejudicial to his defence. 
 
 The censors declined to express any other opinion in the case 
 than that the request of Dr. Togno to record his communication on 
 the minutes should not be granted. 
 
 May 10. A special meeting to consider the case. After the 
 report of the censors was read. Dr. Togno read a communication 
 containing his views on professional deportment, and comments on 
 the report of the censors, and immediately retired from the hall. 
 
 After discussion of the subject it was " Resolved, That this college 
 is not satisfied with the reply of Dr. Togno to the report of the 
 censors, acting as a special committee, made on the 5th of April, 
 1836, and that it regards as unprofessional and injurious both to the 
 cause of medical science and to the interests of the community, 
 reports addressed to the general public in which statements of cases 
 are given without any detail or specification of the mode of treat- 
 ment." 
 
 The presence of Dr. Togno at any meeting subsequent to this is 
 not recorded. 
 
 Sept. 6. A committee of the trustees of the Preston Retreat 
 — a lying-in charity hospital — applied to the college for advice in 
 reference to a plan of building for the insitution. The application 
 was referred to the committee on midwifery. The committee sub- 
 mitted a report, a copy of which was sent the trustees Nov. 15th. 
 
 Nov. 22. A fee bill was adopted. The secretary was instructed 
 to have 2000 copies of it printed, and to send one to each practi- 
 tioner in the city. It retained a place among the by-laws till April 5, 
 1871, and was then abolished. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1837. A half centui'y had elapsed since the foundation of 
 the college ; but the fact is not noted in the minutes.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PUYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 137 
 
 June 6. The treasurer reported a balance of $212.70. 
 
 August 1. A communication from the Board of Health, asking 
 the opinion of the college as to the comparative insalubrious in- 
 fluence of ponds full of clear water and of ponds partially full which 
 contain decaying animal and vegetable matter, also as to the proper 
 season for draining and filling ponds with earth and rubbish contain- 
 ing more or less animal and vegetable matter, was received and 
 referred. The committee submitted a reply, August loth, and a 
 copy of it was sent to the Board of Health. 
 
 Nov. 7. The Treasurer and Secretary reported that, in obedience 
 to instructions, they had purchased four shares of Lehigh Coal and 
 Navigation stock, at 84, amounting, with brokerage, to $336.84. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1839. The college recommended the Legislature to estab- 
 lish a public square with a fountain in each district of the city. 
 
 May 7. A resolution that the number of fellows of the college 
 shall not exceed 65, was informally submitted, and withdrawn Sept. 3d. 
 
 Dec. 3. The treasurer and secretary reported that, in compliance 
 with instructions, they had invested, of surplus funds, $222.23 in the 
 Schuylkill Nav. Co. 6 per cent, loan, at y9. 
 
 June 2, 1840. When the by-law in reference to standing com- 
 mittees was adopted, the college consisted of 31 fellows, and four 
 members were assigned to each committee. Now the number of 
 fellows was more than double, and the working of the committees 
 had become cumbersome. For this reason, and to impose a direct 
 responsibility, the by-law was amended so as to require the president, 
 at the meeting in June, to nominate a committee on the library, and 
 appoint a member to report annually on each one of the following 
 subjects: 1, Public Hygiene; 2, Theory and Practice of Medicine; 
 3, Surgery ; 4, Midwifery ; 5, Diseases of Women ; 6, Diseases of 
 Children; 7, Materia Medica; 8, Meteorology and Epidemics. 
 These committees were active for sixteen years, till January, 1851. 
 The annual reports made by them were published in the Transactions 
 of the college. 
 
 July 7. The censors reported a number of papers in possession 
 of the college worthy of publication.
 
 138 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 Aug. 4. The secretary reported that 250 copies of the amended 
 by-laws had been printed/ 
 
 Oct. 5, 1841. It was resolved to publish a quarterly summary of 
 the Transactions, and, Nov. 2d, a committee of publication was ap- 
 pointed. The secretary reported, March 1, 1842, that the first 
 number had been printed and distributed to the fellows and others. 
 
 June 1, 1842, the treasurer's balance was $113.40. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1843. Dr. Henry Bond resigned the office of secretary. 
 The college voted him its thanks, Feb. 7th, for his faithful dis- 
 charge of duty during eleven years. Of nine nominated. Dr. D. 
 Francis Condie was chosen to fill his place. 
 
 Nov. 7. The college sent to the chairman of a joint committee of 
 the councils of the city, having charge of the subject, a preamble and 
 resolutions recommending the purchase of Lemon Hill, with a view 
 to the preservation of the purity of the water supplied to the city 
 from the Schuylkill River.- 
 
 Feb. 2, 1844. The secretary reported that 250 copies of the by- 
 laws had been printed ; and, March 5th, 250 copies of the fee bill 
 were ordered. 
 
 June 4. The treasurer reported that the aggregate of expenses for 
 the year ending June 4th, was $429.30, and that the balance in 
 treasury was $68.07. 
 
 June 29. A special meeting was held at 5 o'clock p. M., to manifest 
 respect for the memory of the late Vice-President, Dr. John C. Otto. 
 Twenty -nine fellows were present. The meeting adjourned to attend 
 the funeral in a body. 
 
 ^ A copy is bound with Summary of Trans, of Coll. of Phys. of Philada., 
 vol. iii , 1849-50. The number of Fellows whs 66. 
 
 » Summary of Trans, of Coll. of Phys., vol. i. p. 178. 
 
 Fairmount Park iiad its origin in this purchasp. Horace J. Smith's reprint 
 of papers by S. Keyser, 1856, and Thomas Cocheran, 1872, relative to a public 
 park. Philada., 1886.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 139 
 
 Jan. 7, 1845. The treasurer reported that, including the Schuyl- 
 kill Nav. loan, which had been paid, he had invested $300 in the 
 District of Spring Garden loan. 
 
 Oct. 10. A special meeting was held at 3 o'clock p. m., on account 
 of the death of the late Vice-President, Dr. Henry Neill. After 
 appointing a committee to prepare appropriate resolutions, the 
 college adjourned to attend the funeral. 
 
 Nov. 3. Resolutions in reference to Dr. Neill were unanimously 
 adopted. 
 
 A circular letter from the New York State Medical Society was 
 read, announcing that a national medical convention, consisting of 
 delegates from the medical institutions of the United States, would 
 be held in the city of New York, May, 1846 ; and also a letter from 
 Dr. N. S. Davis to the president, requesting that the college appoint 
 delegates to represent it. 
 
 The matter Avas referred to Drs. Wood, Moore, Bond, Bell, Condie, 
 and Hewson. On their report, it was resolved, Dec. 2d, that "While 
 the college cordially approve of the proposed object, they do not 
 under present circumstances deem it expedient to appoint delegates 
 to represent them in the convention." 
 
 March 6, 1846. "A communication was received from Dr. Sharp- 
 less, and, after some discussion as to the light in which the said 
 communication was to be viewed, it was, on motion, unanimously 
 resolved [11 fellows present], that the name of Dr. John T. Sharp- 
 less be ' removed from the list of fellows' of this College."^ 
 
 The college had been long desirous to obtain more convenient 
 quarters than the hall of the Philosophical Society afforded. In 
 Feb. 1832, Drs. James, Wood, and Meigs were appointed to confer 
 with a committee of the Atheneum on a proposition to erect a build- 
 ing suitable for the joint accommodation of several societies. Dec, 
 1838, a committee Avas appointed to inquire whether it Avas practi- 
 cable to obtain apartments better adapted to the convenience of the 
 
 1 Trans, of Coll. of Phys., vol. i. p 375. 
 
 This expulsion — the only one in the century — had its origin in a paper read 
 by Dr. Sharpless before the College, " On the Use and Abuse of Pessaries," and 
 the discussion which it provoked.
 
 140 KUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 society. A room offered by the University of Pennsylvania was 
 declined, Sept. 1840. 
 
 A joint committee, composed of representatives of the Philadelphia 
 Medical Society, the Philadelphia Medical College, and the College 
 of Physicians, proposed, Oct. 1840, to form The Medical Hall 
 Association of Philadelphia, to procure "an edifice suitable to 
 accommodate the meetings of various medical associations," and be 
 a convenient and safe depository for their libraries and museums. 
 To accomplish the object it was proposed to sell 300 shares of stock, 
 with certain privileges, for $50 each. 
 
 The college considered it inexpedient for medical institutions in 
 their corporate capacity, either singly or jointly, to undertake the 
 Avork. 
 
 Feb. 2, 1841. Drs. Fox, J. R. Paul, and Condie, appointed for 
 the purpose, Nov. 3, 1840, reported that the cost of a proper build- 
 ing for the college would probably exceed $15,000 ; that the plan 
 proposed was generally approved and many liberal subscriptions were 
 promised, but as an amount sufficient to justify the college in under- 
 taking its erection cannot be immediately raised, the committee asked 
 to be discharged. 
 
 Oct. 5. A committee was directed to ascertain whether the college 
 could be accommodated in the hall recently purchased by the Philo- 
 sophical Society [Chinese Museum, 9th South of Chestnut St.], and 
 if not, to inquire for a room elsewhere. Nov. 1, 1842, the secretary 
 reported that no definite information about a room had been obtained. 
 
 April 4, 1843. The Philosophical Society increased the rent of 
 the room occupied by the college to fifty dollars a year. 
 
 Dec. 3, 1844. A committee was directed to inquire whether an 
 apartment for the college could be had in a building nearly com- 
 pleted for the Mercantile Library Company at the S. E. corner of 
 Fifth and Library Streets. The committee reported, March 4, 1845, 
 that an airy, well-lighted room, on the third floor, separate and 
 distinct from the rest of the building, having an entrance from Fifth 
 Street, suitable for the meetings and accommodation of the library,
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 141 
 
 was offered at an annual rent of $185, including attendance and 
 heating. After duly considering the ability of the college to afford 
 the increased expense, the committee was directed, June 3d, to 
 engage the room at $175 a year, from July 1st, and have it fitted 
 and furnished suitably to accommodate the library and the sessions 
 of the college ; it was also authorized to solicit " voluntary contri- 
 butions " from the fellows to defray the cost. 
 
 The spirit of the college was stirred by this undertaking as it had 
 not been before. 
 
 July 1, 1845, the entrance fee was increased to $15 and the 
 annual contribution to $5. The college had been a tenant of the 
 American Philosophical Society more than fifty-three years, from 
 Dec. 10, 1791. The treasurer was instructed to give notice that the 
 college " Avill cease to occupy its present room after to night," and 
 to pay the amount of rent now due. The balance in the treasury 
 was $16.43. The fellows contributed liberally. The library com- 
 mittee was instructed to move the property of the college to the 
 new apartment. 
 
 For the first time, the record of proceedings was headed, " Hall 
 of the college, August 5, 1845." 
 
 The cost of fitting and furnishing the " Hall of the College " was 
 $280.42J. It was met by subscriptions, $213, sale of old book- 
 cases $9.45 ; leaving a deficit of $57.97, which the treasurer was 
 ordered to pay. 
 
 The meetings were more numerously attended in the ncAv quarters 
 than they had been previously. The proceedings from Xov. 1841, are 
 published in detail in the Transactions, which were issued quarterly. 
 The financial condition of the society improved. The expenditures 
 for the year ending June 2, 1846, were $375.33, and the balance 
 in the treasury $201.45. 
 
 A new edition of the by-laws and of the fee bill were issued, 
 June, 1848. 
 
 The year 1849 was notable in the progress of the college. A 
 building fund, which enabled the society to construct the building 
 which it now occupies, was started, and the pathological museum was
 
 142 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 begun. The importance of these measures entitles them to separate 
 consideration. 
 
 Sept. 4, 1849, an amendment of the by-laws was adopted, to 
 exempt from the annual contribution those fellows who may be 
 away twelve months or more on army or navy service, during their 
 absence. 
 
 Jan. 6, 1851. All the committees, except that on meteorology and 
 epidemics, were abolished. 
 
 March 2, 1852, Twenty-nine fellows, who were members of the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, represented to the 
 college in a memorial that, as the two societies met on the same night, 
 they were obliged to be absent from the meetings of one or of the 
 other. For this reason it was determined, April Gth, that the stated 
 meetings of the college should be held thereafter on the first Wednes- 
 day instead of the first Tuesday of the month. 
 
 To obtain more convenient apartments for the use of the college 
 " the picture house of the Pennsylvania Hospital,"^ I^o. 820 Spruce 
 St., was leased at $250 a year. The furniture was at once trans- 
 ferred, and the first meeting of the society in it was held July 4, 
 1854. It remained there till its final removal to its new and per- 
 manent home, March, 1863. 
 
 THE MUSEUM. 
 
 June 5, 1849, Dr. Isaac Parrish moved the following preamble 
 and resolution : 
 
 Whereas, The institution of a cabinet of pathological specimens, 
 under the control of this college, would greatly facilitate the promo- 
 tion of science and secure to the profession a valuable amount of 
 material of this kind which would otherwise be lost; 
 
 Resolved, That a committee be appointed to consider the means 
 of eifecting the object.^ 
 
 1 The picture house was erected for the accommodation and exhibition f'f the 
 painlinsx*^ presented to the huspital b}' the artist, Benjamin West. They are 
 now in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 
 
 * I>aac Parrish, John Neill, John Bell, Henry H. Smith, and Edward 
 Hailoweli were appointed.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, 143 
 
 June 19. The committee submitted a report and resolutions : 
 
 That it is expedient to found a museum of pathological anatomy, 
 to be under the direction and control of the college, and that a sum 
 not exceeding $50 be appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
 cases within the hall, and for the preparation and arrangement of 
 such specimens as may be presented. 
 
 That a curator and committee on the museum be appointed as 
 officers of the college, in the same manner as the librarian and 
 library committee are appointed, and that their duties shall'be defined 
 by the by-laws. 
 
 The measure was adopted Aug. 7, 1849, and the by-laws were 
 amended accordingly, Sept. 4th. 
 
 Oct. 2, Dr. John Neill was elected curator, and Drs. Moreton Stille, 
 Edward Hallowell, and Isaac Parrish, the Committee on the Museum. 
 
 In Nov. the committee reported that a considerable number of 
 pathological specimens, many of them from the collection of the late 
 Dr. Joseph Parrish, had been received, and that a microscope of low" 
 power had been presented by Dr. B. H. Coates. A case for their 
 accommodation had been erected at a cost of $25. 
 
 The museum grew very steadily during more than thirteen years, 
 until June, 1863, Avdien it was united with the collection of Dr. 
 Mutter. 
 
 June 19, 1856, a special meeting was held to hear a communica- 
 tion from Dr. Miitter. In his behalf. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell stated 
 that Dr. Miitter's collection of pathological and other specimens 
 consisted of 474 bones, 215 wet preparations, 200 casts, 20 wax 
 preparations, 8 papier-mache models, 5 dried preparations, 4 oil and 
 376 water-color paintings ; and that he proposed to give this collec- 
 tion to the college, and also a bequest of |30,000 to increase the 
 museum and pay the salary of a lecturer, on condition that the college 
 shall provide a fireproof building suitable for their preservation. 
 
 Dr. Mutter, in his letter addressed to. the college. May 20, 1856, 
 says : 
 
 " Gentlemen : In consequence of ill health, I find myself obliged 
 to resign, for a time at least, the. office and duties of a teacher of 
 surgery. 
 
 " With the view of rendering some return to my profession for the
 
 144 RUSCIIENBEKGER, 
 
 benefits derived from its prosecution for so many years, and, above 
 all, to serve at once the cause of science and of humanity, I have 
 determined to found a pathological museum which shall be open to 
 all physicians and to all students of medicine without fee or charge 
 of any sort. I herewith offer the guardianship of this museum to the 
 Philadelphia College of Physicians as the body best qualified by the 
 character of its members and the nature of its pursuits for undertaking 
 the trust." 
 
 He theif states, in substance, that he had been offered $20,000 for 
 his collection ; that it had cost more money, besides his attention 
 and labor during twenty-four years ; that, in his opinion, it is for 
 illustrative purposes "almost unrivalled." He says he will hand 
 over "my museum" to the Philadelphia College of Physicians as 
 soon as a suitable building shall be provided for its reception, and 
 will bind himself to keep the said museum in order, free of cost to 
 the college, during his life. "At my death my executors are ordered 
 to pay over to the trustees of my museum (already named) the sum 
 of f 30, 000, to be devoted by them to objects hereinafter specified." 
 
 Among other things, he proposed that the " Curator of the Museum 
 of the College of Physicians shall also be the Curator of my collec- 
 tion," implying that he did not then contemplate a junction of the 
 two. 
 
 In conclusion, he said : " I desire the museum to receive the 
 following designation : Pathological Museum of the College of 
 Physicians, Founded A. D. 1856, by Thomas Dent Mutter, M.D., 
 LL.D." 
 
 The proposition was referred to Drs. Bache, Paul, Norris, Jewell, 
 Stille, and Wood. 
 
 They reported, July 2, as follows : 
 
 " Having carefully examined the proposals of Dr. Mutter, they 
 find that his purpose is to establish a great "pathological museum," 
 of which his own ample collection shall form the basis, and to place 
 this museum under the "guardianship" of the College of Physicians 
 of Philadelphia as the body " best qualified for undertaking the 
 trust." 
 
 It is not therefore a gift that Dr. Mlitter makes to the college. 
 It is in fact a gift to the whole profession which he proposes to deposit
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 145 
 
 with the college as a trust, to be applied by them under certain regu- 
 lations and restrictions to the objects for which the museum is to be 
 established. 
 
 Considering the amount of pecuniary sacrifice made by himself, 
 the cabinet having cost him $20,000 or upward, he very reasonably 
 expects that the college will be disposed, in the interests of the pro- 
 fession, to contribute toward the cost of its proper accommodation 
 and preservation. 
 
 The committee have no hesitation in recommending the college 
 to join in the noble enterprise proposed by their fellow Dr. Miitter; 
 but as there are a number of conditions in the proposals presented by 
 him to the college which require a much more careful consideration 
 than the committee has yet been able to give them, and which, if 
 accepted, will place the college under very serious responsibilities, 
 the committee requests to be continued with authority to consult 
 with Dr. Miitter on the subject and report to the college the result. 
 
 They submitted resolutions, 1, approving of Dr. Miitter's purpose; 
 2, thanking him in behalf of the profession ; and 3, expressing the 
 willingness of the college to cooperate with him in the establishment 
 of the proposed pathological museum. 
 
 The committee discussed the details of his proposition with Dr. 
 Miitter without conclusion. In a note, dated Sept. 25, 1856, he 
 informed the committee that he was greatly disappointed that matters 
 had not been arranged — that his "papers are all packed up and in 
 bank," and " I am too ill and too busy to give the proper time and 
 care to the arrangements between the college and myself. All I can 
 do is to leave the matter open until I return, which may be next 
 spring." 
 
 The committee was discharged from further consideration of the 
 subject. 
 
 Two years afterAvard, Dr. Miitter informed Dr. George B. Wood, 
 Oct. 27, 1858, that he was ready to confirm his proposal in reference 
 to the pathological museum. 
 
 The committee was reappointed and instructed to complete the 
 arrangements with Dr. Mutter. 
 
 Dec. 1, 1858, the committee reported that Dr. Miitter desired the 
 college to agree that the building shall be finished in three instead 
 
 10
 
 146 RUSCHENBERGEB, 
 
 of five years from the date of the agreement, — that the committee 
 deems it inexpedient to accede to this desire, and that Dr. Miitter is 
 ready to execute the agreement, in its present shape. 
 
 The college instructed the committee to have the document legally 
 prepared for execution. 
 
 At a special meeting, Dec. 6, the action of the committee Avas 
 unanimously approved. 
 
 Dr. Miitter signed the agreement Dec. 11, 1858, and the officers 
 of the college Jan. 8, 1859. 
 
 The committee reported, Jan. 5, 1859, that previous to his depart- 
 ure for Europe, Dr. Miitter had placed his museum in charge of 
 three trustees to be delivered to the college as soon as the building 
 shall be completed. A certified copy of the deed of trust, and of a 
 catalogue of the collection, by which it may be identified, was ob- 
 tained Feb. 2, 1859. 
 
 Dr. Franklin Bache announced, April 6, that Dr. Miitter died 
 March 16, 1859.^ 
 
 According to the terms of agreement with Dr. Miitter the college, 
 in order to acquire his bequest, was bound to erect within five years 
 a fireproof building in which there should be an apartment of dimen- 
 sions sufficient to accommodate the museum which he had formed, 
 and additional room for its probable increase. 
 
 Within the period stipulated, the trustee of the Miitter fund and 
 the trustees of the Miitter collection were duly notified that the build- 
 ing required by the terms of the agreement had been erected, and was 
 ready to be occupied, March, 1863. The committee on the Miitter 
 Museum had been appointed, Jan. 1863 ; and the curator of the 
 museum of the college was appointed in June curator of the Mutter 
 Museum. But the trustees of the Miitter fund doubted whether the 
 building was fireproof according to the requirements of the agree- 
 ment ; and also whether the application of the income to purposes 
 recommended by the building committee was in conformity to its 
 spirit. 
 
 June 3, 1863, the building committee reported that these objections 
 had been removed. The President of the Pennsylvania Company 
 
 * Dr. Joseph Fancoast was requested to prepare a memoir of Dr. Mutter.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 147 
 
 for Insurance on Lives, etc., trustee of the Mutter fund, addressed to 
 Dr. Isaac Hays, chairman of the building committee, the following 
 note: 
 
 Dear Sir : We have received the certificate of Mrs. ]M. W. A. 
 Mutter that she is satisfied that the building erected at the corner 
 of Thirteenth and Locust Streets by the college is a fireproof build- 
 ing, and that she agrees and desires us to pay to the chairman of the 
 committee of the Miitter Museum the income of the fund appro- 
 priated by Dr. Mutter for the use of said museum according to the 
 deed of trust. We have also the certificate of Mr. Errickson that 
 the building is fireproof, and will comply with the direction of the 
 said deed and her wish. 
 
 Respectfully yr. obt. svt. 
 
 Charles Dutilh, 
 
 The deed-poll states in substance that the late Dr. Thomas Dent 
 Miitter, in an agreement dated Dec. 11, 1858, covenanted to convey 
 to the Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives certain real 
 and personal estate, the income from which "to be appropriated for 
 the support, preservation, and maintenance of a certain Museum of 
 Pathological and Anatomical Preparations and Specimens in a fire- 
 proof building to be erected" by the College of Physicians of Phila- 
 delphia. It is agreed, inter alia, " that said income shall be devoted 
 to the following purposes, and to no other, namely, 1st, for the 
 salary of a curator, $300 ; 2d, for the salary of a lecturer, $200 ; 
 and the remainder of said income to the preparing, fitting up, keep- 
 ing in order, increasing and insuring of pathological afld anatomical 
 preparations and specimens, etc." 
 
 In order to remove doubt about the use of the income for cer- 
 tain other objects or purposes than those specified, Mary W. A. 
 Mutter, the executrix, declares : " I am satisfied that, according to 
 the true intent and meaning of the said articles of agreement, the 
 putting up of cases to contain and preserve the said preparations 
 and specimens is included in the provision for preparing and fitting 
 up and keeping in order the said preparations and specimens, and 
 therefore that the expenses thereof may properly be defrayed from 
 said income, and that the providing of chairs, tables, pens, ink, and
 
 148 RUSCHENBERGEK, 
 
 paper for the said museum is one of the trusts to the performance of 
 which the said income is to be exclusively devoted." 
 
 August 5, 1863. The college presented its thanks to Mrs. Miitter 
 for her "promptness, courtesy, and liberality," in carrying the 
 agreement into eifect. 
 
 The pathological and anatomical specimens — more than one hun- 
 dred — collected by the college between 1849 and 1863, were 
 arranged in the same apartment with those of Dr. Miitter, and 
 placed in the immediate custody of the curator, under the supervision 
 of the committee on the Miitter Museum. 
 
 In fact, the method of managing the affairs of its museum, through 
 the agency of a curator and a committee of three annually elected, 
 devised by the college in 1849, was continued after the reception of 
 the bequest. All the collections of the college and of Dr. Miitter 
 were then joined in one museum, and was named the Miitter 
 Museum. The official functions of the committee on the Miitter 
 Museum were not changed, except that the chairman of the com- 
 mittee, under a provision of the agreement between the college and 
 Dr. Miitter, became the lawful agent to receive and receipt for the 
 income of the Miitter fund in behalf of the college ; but responsi- 
 bility for its expenditure rests exclusively in the college. Misap- 
 propriation of any part of this income may forfeit the bequest. This 
 possibility makes it eminently proper that the committee on the 
 Mutter Museum especially should act, as it always has, in strict 
 subordination to the authority and laws of the college. Unusual 
 expenditures are sanctioned before they are made, and the treasurer 
 pays no bills until they are formally approved by the society. 
 
 Jan. 6, 1864. Cases had been provided, and the collections had 
 been removed from the Jefferson Medical College and arranged. 
 The i\Iiitter collections consisted of 1139 specimens, 200 casts, 48 
 oil paintings, and 364 water colored drawings. These, with the 
 numerous preparations previously acquired by the college, constituted 
 the Miitter Museum of the College of Physicians. Many specimens 
 were added at different times. In October, 1867, Dr. W. F. Atlee 
 presented his entire pathological cabinet, and subsequently added 
 to it. 
 
 The expenditures on account of the Miitter fund did not absorb
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 149 
 
 the income. As early as Dec. 6, 1865, the college authorized the 
 chairman of the committee of the Mutter Museum to invest $2000 
 of the accumulated fund. 
 
 In May, 1867, Dr. Robert Bridges was paid $300 for analyzing 
 the urinary calculi of the collection. The expenses incidental to the 
 Miitter lectureship were properly charged to the fund. In 1873, after 
 obtaining legal advice on the subject, the purchase of some costly 
 books desirable for use in connection with the Museum was author- 
 ized. Still the income accumulated. July 2, 1878, the balance 
 was $4891.29. The college directed $4000 to be invested in such 
 manner that it might be readily converted into cash in case of need. 
 This investment was sold, by direction of the college, August 4, 
 1874, in order to pay for the Hyrtl collection, bought for ,$1800 
 gold. In July, 1876, $800 were paid for the Politzer collection. 
 In July, 1877, the balance was $2943.81. The college directed, 
 Oct. 2, 1878, the accumulated income to be invested, from time to 
 time, in legal securities. 
 
 The apartment had become so much crowded by the end of 1876, 
 that considerable increase of the number of specimens by purchase 
 was considered not expedient till i-oom should be provided for their 
 preservation and proper display. Consequently the income of the 
 Miitter fund accumulated ; the balance at the close of 1883 exceeded 
 
 It had been foreseen ten years previously that space for the 
 accommodation of the rapidly growing library and museum would be 
 needed ; and, to provide means to enlarge the college hall, a build- 
 ing fund was begun. It increased so slowly, however, that it was 
 yet quite inadequate to meet the demand. 
 
 Under the circumstances, it was suggested that the college could 
 be justified in borrowing $5000 of the surplus income of the trust 
 fund, giving a mortgage to insure payment of the debt ; and that as 
 much more as might be necessary should be obtained elsewhere on 
 like security. 
 
 Upon the propriety of adopting such a financial plan opinion was 
 divided. Discussion resulted in referring the question to the com- 
 mittee on finance, and, at last, to a legal tribunal. 
 
 It was argued that the college could legitimately use accumulated
 
 150 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 income to extend the space for museum purposes, for the reason that 
 a chief object of the Mutter trust is to pi*ovide for the maintenance 
 and continuous increase of a free medical museum. It is obvious 
 that the increase of the number of objects must be limited by the 
 space afforded for their display, and, therefore, opportune expansion 
 of that space is fairly a part of the cost of increasing the contents of 
 the museum. 
 
 Some wei'e confident, on the other hand, that, under the terms of 
 its agreement with Dr. Mutter, the college is bound to augment the 
 capacity of the building continuously, pari passu, with the increase 
 of the museum, and to apply the income of the fund exclusively 
 according to a literal construction of its specifications. 
 
 Two eminent lawyers separately gave opinions on these points, 
 based on partial data submitted to them by the different parties. 
 Their opinions did not coincide ; had they been alike, their authors 
 lacked the ofiicial position which is needed to make legal opinion 
 authoritative, decisive. 
 
 The committee on finance engaged legal counsel, Feb. 16, 1884. 
 An eminent lawyer gave notice, a day or two later, that he had been 
 retained by the committee on the Miitter Museum, and that, inas- 
 much as this committee occupied the position of lender, it should be 
 the plaintiff in the proposed amicable suit. 
 
 The chairman of the committee on the Mutter Museum, in a 
 petition to the Court of Common Pleas No. 2, dated March 27, stated 
 in substance that the College of Physicians had not, in answer to its 
 application, instructed the committee in reference to the disposition 
 to be made of the accumulated income of the Mutter fund in such 
 manner and form as would justify and protect the action of the com- 
 mittee in the premises, and, therefore, the Court was asked to order 
 the College of Physicians to answer the application of the committee 
 and abide by the directions Avhich the Court might give. The fact 
 that the college had authorized, Oct. 2, 1878, the chairman of the 
 committee to invest in legal securities from time to time such parts 
 of the income as may seem desirable, was not mentioned. 
 
 It will be observed that the chairman of the committee on the 
 Mutter Museum — an agent elected annually by the college for 
 specified purposes — assumed that the committee i^ a body somehow
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 151 
 
 separate from the college, having in some limited sense a discretion 
 and responsibility independent of it, with a qiiasi-veto right to control 
 all uses of money on account of the museum. On such assumption 
 only is based its call on a legal tribunal to intervene and compel the 
 college to act in the premises as the Court might be pleased to direct. 
 
 In behalf of the College of Physicians, the chairman of the com- 
 mittee on finance answered the petition, claiming substantially that 
 the accumulated income of the Mutter legacy may be used in build- 
 ing whenever the growth of the museum is arrested by lack of space, 
 for the reason that the maintenance and continuous increase of the 
 museum are chief purposes of the trust, which cannot be realized 
 without provision of sufficient room in which newly acquired objects 
 may be preserved and exhibited ; and this the college is not bound 
 to supply. 
 
 The Court referred the petition and answer to a master. He 
 heard testimony and arguments, prepared a report, and, on exceptions 
 made in behalf of the college, amended it. Then it was duly sub- 
 mitted, and the matter was debated before the Court, 
 
 The Court decreed in substance that henceforth the college is 
 " bound only to take care of the museum and expend the income 
 of the fund in accordance with the directions of the agreement, and 
 can, in no contingency, be called on to provide other or additional 
 accommodation for the museum." 
 
 The Master recommended in his report that the petitioners — the 
 members of the committee on the Miitter Museum — have leave to 
 pay to the College of Physicians $5000 of surplus income upon the 
 execution and delivery of a mortgage for the amount on the college 
 building, with a stipulation in it that if the college shall expend the 
 money in enlarging its premises, neither principal nor interest thereon 
 for any period shall be due or collectable so long as the college shall 
 comply with the terms of the trust. The Court objected that a mort- 
 gage on the building of the College of Physicians might work de- 
 struction of the Mutter ^luseum through foreclosure. If the college 
 should be unable to pay the sum borrowed, its building would be 
 sold, and, as a consequence, accommodation of the museum would 
 be taken away. Therefore the court decreed, in place of a mortgage, 
 Articles of Covenant in which it is stipulated that the petitioners
 
 152 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 shall have leave to pay $5000 to the college provided that it agrees 
 to expend the said sum in building an enlargement of the premises ; 
 to accommodate the said collection as heretofore, and in all respects 
 comply with its agreement with Dr. Miitter ; and at all times hereafter 
 indemnify and save harmless the said petitioners, their heirs, execu- 
 tors, and administrators from all liability whatsoever by reason of the 
 premises. And the Court " further ordered that this decree shall be 
 a complete and full discharge of the petitioners of and from all lia- 
 bility in the premises," and that the costs of the case be paid by the 
 petitioners. 
 
 The college executed the articles of covenant. Without incurring 
 debt, the premises were enlarged, and the museum was transferred 
 into the spacious apartment provided for it in November and De- 
 cember, 1886. 
 
 MUTTER LECTURESHIP. 
 
 The museum was not the sole object of Dr. Mutter's legacy. The 
 agreement provides, Article 16, that the college "will appoint, once 
 in every three years, a lecturer, whose duty it shall be, during that- 
 period, to deliver annually a course of lectures on some point or 
 points connected Avith surgical pathology. The same lecturer shall 
 not be appointed for two such successive terms of three years. Such 
 lecturer shall be subject to directions from the college in regard to 
 the period and duration of his course ; but no such annual course 
 shall consist of less than ten lectures." 
 
 Under this provision the college appointed, March 2, 1864, Dr. 
 John H. Packard lecturer for three years. "Inflammation" was the 
 subject of his lectures. 
 
 Dr. Harrison Allen was appointed March 6, 1867, gave one 
 course of lectures, and resigned Nov. 1868. 
 
 Dr. John H. Brinton was appointed Jan. 6, 1869, gave a course 
 of lectures on gunshot injuries, and resigned Jan. 5, 1870. 
 
 No candidate for the lectureship appeared during the year 1870. 
 
 In view of the difficulty of obtaining competent persons to lecture 
 under the terms of the agreement, the college determined, Feb. 1, 
 1871, with the consent of the executors of Dr. Miitter's will previously
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 153 
 
 secured, that one course of lectures should be delivered triennially, 
 and that the lecturer should receive the whole compensation provided 
 for three years. 
 
 Dr. J. Solis Cohen was appointed lecturer April 5, 1871. 
 
 Dr. AY. F. Jenks was appointed, Nov. 4, 1874, to deliver a course 
 of lectures on the surgical pathology of the female sexual organs ; 
 but ill health compelled him to withdraw from the engagement Oct. 
 6, 1875. 
 
 Dr. R. M. Bertolett was appointed the same day. He resigned 
 Nov. 7, 1877. 
 
 Dr. S. W. Gross was appointed, Feb. 6, 1879, for the three-year 
 term ending 1876, and delivered a course of lectures on the surgical 
 pathology of tumors. 
 
 Dr. E. 0. Shakespeare was appointed, June 6, 1879, for the term 
 of 1877—8-9, to give a course of lectures on the nature of inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 Dr. H. Formad, the last upon whom this honor has been con- 
 ferred, was appointed Nov. 1, 1882, the subject of his course of 
 lectures being gangrene and blood poisoning. 
 
 The college has earnestly endeavored to execute every part of Dr. 
 Mutter's trust ; but the result has not been equal to the effort, nor to 
 probable expectation in all respects. The lectureship on surgical 
 pathology has procured only eight courses of ten lectures each since 
 its foundation, at a cost of at least $3000. The average attendance 
 at any one course has not been stated ; but it was never sufficient to 
 imply that the medical community in general very highly appreciated 
 the opportunity of improvement which they offered. 
 
 Whether the museum is worth the labor, care, and money neces- 
 sarily expended to maintain and increase it continuously, without 
 end, is a question not easily answered. While the usefulness of such 
 collections to help teachers of medical science in their demonstrations 
 may not be doubted, their value in possession of a medical society 
 composed chiefly of busily employed practitioners of medicine and 
 surgery is not quite certain. Many visit the museum merely to 
 gratify curiosity. How many resort to it only for study, or consult 
 it for information alone, has not been ascertained. Possibly the 
 founder did not underestimate the general benefit which would flow
 
 154 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 from his munificent gift ; but, up to this time, conclusive evidence 
 that medical science has gained anything from it is wanting. 
 
 THE BUILDING FUND. 
 
 On motion of Dr. George Fox, Nov. 6, 1849, a committee^ was 
 appointed to ascertain the probable cost of a lot, and the sum neces- 
 sary to erect thereon a building suitable for the college, and to 
 submit a plan for raising the money. 
 
 The committee reported, Dec. 4, that the cost of a lot and of the 
 erection of a building were estimated at $20,000, and recommended 
 that the securities ($945) now held by the college, with contributions 
 which might be received from fellows and others, be vested in a trust, 
 composed of three fellows of the college, and held by them until the 
 fund shall amount to $20,000, which shall be then expended exclu- 
 sively in the purchase of a lot and the erection of a building. The 
 report was adopted, and Drs. George B. Wood, George Fox, and J. 
 Rodman Paul were elected trustees of the building fund, Jan. 15,. 
 1850. 
 
 A committee to solicit contributions was appointed.^ 
 
 Considered in connection with the previous history of the college^ 
 its meagre income and very modest expenditure from the beginning, 
 the institution of this building fund was a long step forward. There 
 was nothing apparent in the immediate surroundings to encourage 
 belief that the project would be very soon realized. Few were inter- 
 ested in its success, but they were sagacious and patient and hopeful, 
 and did all in their power to promote the enterprise. Their work 
 laid the foundation of the stability and progress of the college by 
 securing for it a permanent abode, a fixed home. No doubt the 
 fellows then active, but noAv in final repose, hopefully awaited the 
 periodical reports of the growth of the fund, and indulged in pleas- 
 ing conjectures about the coming fortune of the society ; every fresh 
 report cheered their efforts to augment the sum of contributions, and 
 
 ^ George Fox, George B. Wood, Isaac Hays, J. K. Paul, and Charles D. 
 Meigs. 
 
 ' Drs. Fox, Condie, Moreton Stille, West, and Norri?.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 155 
 
 Jan. 
 
 5, 
 
 1853 
 
 
 4, 
 
 1854 
 
 
 3, 
 
 1855 
 
 
 2, 
 
 1856 
 
 
 7, 
 
 1857 
 
 
 6, 
 
 1858 
 
 
 5, 
 
 1859 
 
 so each succeeding report was made better. The trustees announced 
 January 6, 1851, investments at par $6,546.16, and cash $73.40. 
 
 They reported January 6, 1852, the investments at market rate 
 17,400. 
 
 Contributions during the year . . $3,795 
 The present value of the fund . . 11,295 
 
 12,000 
 15,000 
 15,907 
 18,145 
 19,745 
 21,545 
 
 The object for which the trust was created had been attained. The 
 chairman asked the fellows of the college " to take sucli action as 
 they may deem best." 
 
 Feb. 2, 1859. Measures were adopted to continue the trustees of 
 the building fund for five years. A committee was appointed, 
 March 4, to purchase a lot. It announced, Jan. 4, 1860, that a lot 
 at the corner of Thirteenth and Locust Streets had been bought for 
 $10,867.93, and the deed delivered to the trustees of the building 
 fund. The committee was discharged. 
 
 The trustees reported that the cash and securities amounted, Jan. 
 1, 1860, to $12,682, and that the estimated value of the whole of 
 the property, real and personal, in their hands was $24,373.41. 
 
 Dr. George B. Wood promised, April 4, to advance $5,000, which 
 he thought would be needed in addition to $25,000 to be raised, in 
 order to finish the building in time to secure the Miitter legacy. 
 
 A committee^ was appointed, Dec. 5, to procure plans of building. 
 
 Jan. 2, 1861, the trustees reported that the building fund amounted 
 to $15,845.15; and, Feb. 6, that they had purchased a lot, 18 by 
 118 feet, joining the eastern boundary of the college property, for 
 $3,540.67, thus securing an increase of the site for the college 
 buildino;- 
 
 Isaac Hays, J. R. Paul, G. W. Norris, Edward Hartshorne, and George 
 
 Fox.
 
 156 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 May 8. A plan of building was submitted, the erection of which 
 the architect estimated would cost $28,000. Further consideration 
 of the subject was postponed till the next meeting. 
 
 June 5, 1861. Dr. Wood said, in a letter read at the meeting : 
 " The college, therefore, has to raise $12,000 before they have the 
 requisite amount. Cannot this be done in any way ? I do not, as 
 I before told you, like the idea of a mortgage, which, should any 
 serious calamity occur to the city, might imperil, through the depre- 
 ciation of property, the whole of the money which has been raised 
 with so much difficulty, and might even put Dr. Miitter's museum 
 in danger." 
 
 July 3. The chairman of the committee on plans read a letter 
 from Dr. Wood, in which he urged the adoption of a plan of building 
 such as might be completed within the means of the building fund, 
 satisfy the terms of agreement with Dr. Miitter, and be afterward 
 extended. 
 
 Sept. 4. A plan of building was submitted by the committee, the 
 southern part of which embraced two apartments on the ground 
 floor, each 44 by 23 feet, one designed for lectures and the other to 
 receive the Miitter collections, and so secure the bequest. The entire 
 plan covered an area of 73 feet on Thirteenth Street by 56 feet on 
 Locust Street. 
 
 Oct. 2. Swayed by the idea that builders' estimates are uncertain, 
 and that the fund was still insufficient, the college determined that it 
 was "not expedient to take measures forthwith for the erection of a 
 new hall ;" but resolved, Dec. 18, to begin to build. The plans were 
 approved. A building committee was appointed, and authorized to 
 invite proposals for supplying material and labor, and to appoint 
 W. H. Windrim, architect, to supervise the proposals. 
 
 The trustees stated, Jan. 1, 1862, that the market value of the 
 invested fund was about $10,000, besides rents, cash, and contribu- 
 tions, amounting to $2,268. A motion that it was inexpedient at 
 that time to erect a building, was laid on the table. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1862. The committee was authorized to make contracts 
 for the construction of the southern part of the hall, covering an area 
 of 78 by 56 feet, the whole cost not to exceed $13,700 ; and, April 
 2, for the completion of the whole of the exterior, the ground plan of
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 157 
 
 which measures 110 by 56 feet, at an additional cost of not more 
 than $7,000. 
 
 The building was so nearly ready to accommodate the society that 
 the managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital were notified in Nov. 
 1862, that the college would give up the "Picture House" at the 
 end of the year, or a month or two later. 
 
 The college met in the new hall for the first time, March, 1863. 
 
 The final report of the trustees of the building fund was presented 
 and the trust annulled. 
 
 The treasurer reported, June 3, that $5,000, loaned on the security 
 of a mortgage, had been deposited in bank to the credit of the college. 
 The payment of interest on that loan continued to be a serious incum- 
 brance, and there was no prospect at any time that the society 
 would ever be able to pay the principal. It would still be a burthen, 
 had not Dr. George B. Wood generously provided in his Avill for the 
 extinguishment of the debt. 
 
 July 1. The building committee was constituted the hall com- 
 mittee until the next annual election. It reported, Jan. 6, 1864, 
 that the hall was in complete repair, but the rooms were unfurnished. 
 
 The building committee presented its final report, Feb. 3, 1864, 
 and was discharged with a vote of thanks for " the energetic and 
 successful manner" in which its work had been done. 
 
 The committee reported that the site of the college cost $14,408 
 Building, paving, etc. ...... 25,250 
 
 Furniture, book-cases, gas-fixtures, etc. . . . 1,100 
 
 Total $40,758 
 
 "It must be manifest," the committee remarks, "that we have 
 reason to be proud of what the profession of our city has done for 
 the promotion of our science, the improvement of the healing art, 
 and the relief of human suffering. And this has nearly all been 
 accomplished by the contributions from our hard-worked and inade- 
 quately compensated profession ; the whole sum furnished from other 
 sources amounting to only about twenty-five hundred dollars. 
 
 " We are gratified, also, to be able to state that this great enter-
 
 168 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 prise has been .achieved without involving the college in any debt 
 except the mortgage for five thousand dollars."^ 
 
 Not many years after the society was fixed upon its own premises 
 the rate of increase of the library warned the fellows that room in 
 the building for its accommodation would be insufficient at no very 
 distant day in the future. Taught by past experience how dis- 
 couragingly tedious is the work of gathering a considerable sum of 
 money in numerous gifts from a small community, not many members 
 of which are beyond the need of working daily for support, the 
 college, in order to provide in time for the foreseen want, appointed 
 a committee," Jan. 6, 1875, to devise a plan for collecting a building 
 fund at the earliest day practicable. The proposition of the com- 
 mittee, which was adopted April 7, was that all entrance fees and 
 any annual surplus which the college could aiford, should be appro- 
 priated to the building fund, and that subscriptions, donations, and 
 legacies to it should be encouraged. Dec. 1, ^400 were transferred 
 from the treasury of the college to the fund. 
 
 Want of room increased more rapidly than the building fund. 
 
 The committee of the Mutter Museum and the Hall committee 
 were instructed, Jan. 4, 1882, to inquire "whether part of the accu- 
 mulated interest of the Mutter fund could not be borrowed, to be 
 invested in the contemplated addition to the building, and the re- 
 mainder to be raised on mortgage at five per cent, to be paid off by 
 the establishment of a sinking fund. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Da Costa presented, March 3, 1883, a thousand dollars 
 to begin a special building fund, and a committee was appointed to 
 solicit subscriptions to it.^ 
 
 Feb. 6, 1884, Dr. Mitchell reported that on the first of July the 
 available fund would amount to about $7515, and proposed to aug- 
 ment this sum by the issue of bonds for suitable amounts, not to 
 
 1 Summary of the Transactions of the College of Physicians of Pniladelphia, 
 vol. iv., new series, 1874. 
 
 ^ Drs. George Fox, J. R. Paul, L. Rodman, EUerslie Wallace, and I. Minis 
 Hays. 
 
 » S. Weir Mitchell, C. S. Wurts, J. M. Da Costa, I. Minis Hays, and J. L. 
 Ludlow. 
 
 Dr. Da Costa declined, and Dr. J. C. Wilson was appointed in his place, 
 April 4.
 
 A. J. Drexel, 
 
 $250 
 
 A. H. Moore, 
 
 250 
 
 J. F. Sinnott. 
 
 125 
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 159 
 
 ■exceed $20,000, to be secured to trustees by a mortgage on the 
 building ; $5000 of the bonds to be purchased by the committee of 
 the Mutter Museum, and the rest by fellows of the college. 
 
 The proposition was referred to the committee on finance, which 
 reported at a subsequent meeting against its adoption. 
 
 A committee on building was appointed.^ 
 
 March 4, 1885, the aggregate of the building fund was $14,581. 
 
 April 1. The thanks of the college were presented for donations 
 to the building fund to Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, of Chicago, $1000 ; 
 Mr. Hartman Kuhn, $500; Mr. Samuel Clarkson, $400; Mrs. 
 Mifflin Wistar, $100 ; and, April 8, to 
 
 Mr. William Disston, $500 Mr. 
 " Ed. H. Fitler, 250 
 
 " George W. Childs, 250 
 
 The committee on building was authorized to proceed at once to 
 construct a third story on the hall at a cost not exceeding $24,500, 
 exclusive of heating apparatus, and, if necessary to borrow $6000, 
 secured by a mortgage on the hall, a fellow having volunteered to 
 pay the interest thereon for three years. 
 
 The necessary scaffolding was erected ; the work of construction, 
 begun May 27, 1885, was completed May 31, 1886. 
 
 In Dec. 1885, Mr. George W. Childs contributed $2500 to finish 
 the work. 
 
 The interior was not completed till some time in November. 
 
 Thanks to the generosity of many of the fellows and the bounty 
 of their friends, whose contributions exceed $6000, the college has 
 enlarged its premises without incurring any debt, at a cost of 
 $26,498.50. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE COLLEGE. 
 
 A proclamation to the people that the College of Physicians of 
 Philadelphia had been founded, which was printed in The Pcnnsyl- 
 
 1 John H. Brinton, E. Hartshorne, Ellwood "VYilson, J. H. Hutchinson, and 
 C. S. Wurts. 
 
 Dr. Hartshorne resigned from the committee March 5, and Dr. Kobert P. 
 Harris was appointed in his place.
 
 160 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 vania Packet and Daily Advertiser^ February 1, 1787, with the 
 form of its constitution and list of members, was the first publication 
 of the society. 
 
 The college published an eulogium on Dr. William Cullen by Dr. 
 Rush, delivered July 9, 1790. 
 
 A desire to publish the Transactions of the college had been 
 long manifest before its realization was effected. The importance of 
 such method of publication Avas comparatively great, because it was 
 at that time almost the only way by Avhich professional essays could 
 be presented to the public. Now, periodicals, issued weekly, 
 monthly, quarterly, are open to competent writers on every imagin- 
 able subject of special or general interest to society. 
 
 The first part of volume 1 of Transactions of the College of Physi- 
 cians of Philadelphia Avas published in July, 1793. Among other 
 things it contains a discourse on the objects of the institution, read 
 before the college by Dr. Benjamin Rush, Feb. 6, 1787. 
 
 A pamphlet entitled Proceedings of the College of Physicians of 
 Philadelphia relative to the prevention of the introduction and 
 spreading of contagious diseases was published in 1798. 
 
 Another, Facts and observations relative to the nature and origin 
 of the pestilential fever ivhich prevailed in this city in 1793, 1797 
 and 1798. By the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, was issued 
 in 1800. 
 
 Dr. Wistar's eulogium on Dr. Wm. Shippen delivered in March^ 
 1809, was published by the college April, 1818. 
 
 The college was inactive during many years. Hoping to revive 
 the spirit which characterized the early times of the society, measures 
 were adopted to publish quarterly a summary of its transactions. 
 Between Nov. 1841 and Jan. 1850 three volumes were issued under 
 the direction of a committee on publication. 
 
 To reduce the cost of production, so that it would be less incon- 
 venient to defray, an agreement was made with a firm of book pub- 
 lishers to print and sell the work. A new series of the summary of 
 transactions was begun Nov. 1850, and continued until the end of 
 July, 1857. Then, the importance of curtailing the expense induced 
 a change in the method of publication. An arrangement was made 
 with the proprietors and editor thereof to publish, free of cost, in
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 
 
 The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, the written and 
 verbal communications, and abstracts of discussions, and supply a 
 sufficient number of separate copies for the use of the college after 
 the publication of each number of the journal. Under this arrange- 
 ment the new series was continued to the completion of the fourth 
 volume, Jan. 1874. 
 
 In Nov. 1874, the contract with The American Journal of the 
 Medical Sciences was annulled, and the college resumed the publica- 
 tion. The first volume of the third series of the Transactions was 
 issued in 1875, and the eighth volume in 1886. Timely and sub- 
 stantial aid received from Dr. DaCosta in 1885, prevented a threatened 
 suspension of the publication for lack of means. 
 
 An essay on the yellow fever of 1762, in Philadelphia, by Dr. 
 John Redman, read Sept. 3, 1793, was printed by the college in 1865. 
 
 From first to last, amendments to the by-laws of the society have 
 caused them often to be printed. 
 
 "The charter, constitution, and by-laws of the College of Physi- 
 cians of Philadelphia," were first printed separately for the use of 
 the fellows in 1790. Article 8, Section 1, provides that "no mem- 
 ber shall divulge the private transactions of the college." 
 
 A list of the names of the fellows is contained in this, as well as 
 in all subsequent issues of the by-laws. They show the number of 
 fellows at the date of publication of each, as follows : 
 
 1790, 28 fellows. 1863,^ 134 and 22 N. R. 
 
 1818, 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 1864,^ 
 
 129 
 
 " 23 
 
 1834, 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 1870,1 
 
 181 
 
 " 31 
 
 1840, 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 1875, 
 
 203 
 
 " 31 
 
 1848, 
 
 94 
 
 
 
 1882, 
 
 180 
 
 " 24 
 
 1856, 
 
 119 
 
 
 and UN. 
 
 THE 
 
 R. 1886, 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 207 
 
 " 31 
 
 The record of the society shows that the question of forming a 
 library was first formally considered in 1788. A committee was 
 appointed in reference to the matter June 3 ; and its report laid on 
 
 1 The articles of agreement between the college and Dr. Mutter are appended 
 to this edition. 
 
 11
 
 162 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 the table, July 1. It was resolved Aug. 5, ''That the several mem- 
 bers of the college be requested to send to the secretary such books 
 as they mean to present to the college." 
 
 In December Dr. John Morgan presented twenty-four volumes, 
 and added others in Jan. 1789. 
 
 The committee appointed June 3, 1788, to prepare a plan for the 
 formation of a library submitted the following, which was adopted 
 March 3, 1789: First. That the business of collecting books from 
 the members by way of donation to the library, of procuring a suitable 
 place for keeping them, and a person to attend at stated times for 
 lending them to the members, be committed to the Censors and Sec- 
 retary, who shall consult the college respecting the time and manner 
 of lending them. 
 
 Second. That on the first Tuesday of July of every year, as soon 
 as the treasurer has made his annual report of the balance remaining 
 in his hands, the college do grant such sums as they may think 
 proper for the service of the library for the ensuing year. 
 
 These primary enactments distinctly imply that the acquisition of 
 a suitable library was very desirable in the opinion of the college. 
 
 In Oct. 1789, Dr. William Shippen presented the works of five 
 authors. Dr. John Morris eight volumes, and Dr. John Jones several. 
 In Nov. the president was authorized to draw fifty pounds ($133) for 
 the purchase of books. Some were imported in 1790. In 1793 
 Dr. Rush presented a copy of Sydenham's works. A copy of the 
 catalogue of the library of the Pennsylvania Hospital was received 
 from Dr. Parke ; and the pamphlets of the college were ordered to 
 be bound in 1794. In 1795 Dr. Parke sent £S5 to purchase books, 
 and reported, Aug. 4, the receipt of twelve volumes from London. 
 July 5, 1796, a hundred and twenty dollars were appropriated for 
 the use of the library, and the censors were directed, Aug. 5, to 
 prepare a list of books to be procured in Europe. Books purchased 
 in Amsterdam arrived in 1797 ; and books of nineteen titles sub- 
 mitted by the censors were ordered. In 1798 the censors were 
 directed to prepare a list to be purchased. Between June, 1800, and 
 July, 1818, additions to the library were made by gift and purchase 
 every year. The censors reported, July 7, that some volumes were 
 missing, and recommended that a catalogue be made. The committee
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 
 
 appointed for the duty/ reported January 5, 1819, that the catalogue 
 had been completed. 
 
 The number of books increased slowly. In 1825 the library of 
 the Kappa Lambda Society was deposited in the college. On their 
 report the censors were directed, Nov. 28, 1828, to have the book- 
 cases repaired. 
 
 The library committee stated, Jan. 6, 1835, that the library was 
 in bad condition, going to decay, and was instructed to take measures 
 for its preservation. 
 
 The committee reported, June 7, 1836, that, besides a number of 
 unbound pamphlets, the library contained 291 volumes, namely, 31 
 folios, 67 quartos, and 193 octavos ; and was in condition for use 
 were it more conveniently placed. 
 
 According to the annual reports of the library committee from 
 this date till the close of 1843 very few volumes had been added, 
 and the library was " rarely, if ever, used." 
 
 In May, 1844, the medical library of Dr. Otto was purchased for 
 $200, and in July placed in a room over the office of Dr. Hodge, 
 N. W. corner of Walnut and Ninth Streets. June 4, an appropria- 
 tion of $50, to arrange and catalogue the library, was made ; and 
 the library committee recommended that a librarian be present one 
 hour twice a month to loan books. 
 
 The committee reported, June 3, 1845, that one case of books 
 stood on the landing of the stairway leading to "our room;" that 
 the Otto collection was at Dr. Hodge's office, and that the library 
 was very little used. Drs. Bond, Condie, Parrish, and Wood had 
 presented 137 volumes during the year. 
 
 It was ordered, August 5, that the library should be open from 
 eleven o'clock a. m. till two o'clock P. M. Most of the medical peri- 
 odicals published in the United States and one from Canada were 
 received in exchange for the Transactions of the college. 
 
 The Philadelphia Medical Society deposited its library in the 
 college Dec. 1, 1846, and claimed its restoration Dec. 7, 1859. 
 During this period the books were accessible to the fellows of the 
 college. 
 
 ^ William Currie, Samuel P. Griffitts, and Thomas T. Hewson.
 
 164 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 The committee reported, March 6, 1849, that the library con- 
 tinued "to steadily increase," and was "entitled to more attention 
 than it received." 
 
 June G, 1855. The committee reported, that soon after the 
 removal to Spruce Street the library had been rearranged and 
 catalogued, and that 350 volumes had been added during the past 
 year. Dec. 5, Mrs. Moreton Stille presented 119 volumes as a 
 " memorial of her late husband." 
 
 Jan. 2, 1856, $125 were appropriated for binding, and the same 
 sum for the use of the library, Jan. 7, 1857. 
 
 !N^ov. 4. The committee reported the receipt of more than 900 
 volumes from Dr. Thos. F. Betton, including some rare and impor- 
 tant works ; and, Dec. 1, 1858, that the library contained about 
 3560 volumes, and during the past year had been much more fre- 
 quently consulted. The Betton collection numbered 1265 volumes. 
 
 May 4, 1859. Ordered that the library be open one evening in 
 the week. 
 
 June 1. A selection of books from the library of Dr. Bond, 
 bequeathed by him, had been received. 
 
 Dec. 7. The committee reported that Mrs. Miitter had deposited 
 40 works ; that 397 volumes had been contributed during the 
 year ; and that the library contained about 4000 volumes, besides 
 pamphlets. 
 
 Dec. 3, 1862. The State Medical Society presented a complete 
 set of its Transactions^ and fellows of the college 192 volumes of 
 French theses. 
 
 Jan. 7, 1863. The executors of Dr. Isaac Remington presented 
 90 works, including 195 volumes, and 188 numbers of 10 peri- 
 odicals. 
 
 The library committee was authorized to move into the new 
 building. 
 
 Nov. 4. Ordered that cases be prepared to receive books to be 
 presented by Dr. Samuel Lewis. The librarian reported the receipt 
 of a large number of books from Dr. Thos. F. Betton. 
 
 March 2, 1864. The chairman of the library committee, Dr. 
 Alfi-ed Stille, read the following :
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 165 
 
 Feb. 27, 1864. 
 My Dear Doctor : The books promised to the college some time 
 ago have been placed in the library. 
 
 I now beg to present them through you to the college, with the 
 earnest wish that they may tend, in some degree, to advance its 
 interests and usefulness. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 Saml. Lewis. 
 Dr. Alfred Stille, 
 
 Ohairman of the Library Committee. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Stille, Resolved, That the thanks of the college 
 are hereby presented to Dr. Samuel Lewis for his munificent gift of 
 more than 2500 volumes of medical books, and that they shall be 
 preserved as a separate collection under the name of the Lewis 
 Library. 
 
 Drs. Isaac Hays, John H. Packard, and others, contributed a 
 number of books and pamphlets during 1864. 
 
 April 5, 1865. Dr. Samuel Lewis presented a MS. on the yellow 
 fever of 1762, by Dr. John Redman, which was referred to the pub- 
 lication committee with power. 
 
 Sept. 25. Mr. George Ord presented his general library to the 
 college on condition that the books be safely kept in the building of 
 the institution. Mr. Ord died before the library was delivered, and 
 the college paid $330 collateral inheritance tax on its appraised 
 value, in Feb. 1866. Subsequently, July 5, 1882, it was sold for 
 $550, which were ordered to be expended in the purchase of desirable 
 books to be credited to the bounty of Mr. George Ord. 
 
 April 4, 1866. In order that the library might be open daily, Dr. 
 George B. Wood agreed to give $500 annually, as stated in the fol- 
 lowing communication: 
 
 March 17, 1886. 
 
 My Dear Doctor: 
 
 It has occurred to me that the library of the college of physicians 
 is not so useful to the fellows as it ought to be, in consequence of the
 
 166 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 short space of time during which it is accessible. It often happens 
 that a practitioner wishes to decide some point hastily by consulting 
 the books ; or he may have a leisure hour or two Avhich he could 
 very profitably spend in a large medical library ; or he may be 
 investigating a point in relation to which it may be expedient to 
 glance at a large number of authorities ; in short, it would be easy 
 to indicate many ways in which our great collection might be made 
 much more serviceable than it now is, if the library could be kept 
 longer open. Knowing that the college has little money to spare, I 
 have thought that 1 could not better dispose of a portion of my 
 income than, with the approval and under the direction of the college, 
 to apply it to this purpose. I would, therefore, propose to pay annu- 
 ally to the treasurer of the college five hundred dollars, provided 
 that with this sum arrangements can be made for keeping the library 
 open every day, Sundays excepted, throughout the year, from 9 or 
 10 A.M. to 2 or 3. P.M. ; the rooms being comfortably warmed, and 
 the librarian, or an assistant, present to hand the books wanted, and 
 attend generally to the interests of the concern. 
 
 In the uncertainty of human afiairs, it might happen, from unfore- 
 seen misfortunes, that it would be inconvenient to me to pay this 
 sum ; and I am compelled, therefore, to ask of the college an accept- 
 ance of the grant subject to this contingency. If the college will, 
 with this limitation, receive the proposed payment for the purpose 
 mentioned, and direct and superintend its application, I assure you 
 that I shall consider that they are doing me a favor. 
 
 I shall probably be unable to be present at the next meeting, and 
 I would thank you, if you find the proposed measure in accordance 
 with your own views of what may be expedient in the case, to bring 
 the subject before the college for their consideration. 
 
 Sincerely your friend, 
 
 George B. Wood. 
 Dr. Isaac Hays. 
 
 May 2, 1866. Dr. Wood presented the portraits of three of the 
 former presidents of the college.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 167 
 
 Jan. 1, 1868. The library committee reported the state of the 
 library as. follows : 
 
 Volumes. 
 
 Ord Library . . . 2,068 
 
 Lewis Library . . . 3,229, increase 264. 
 
 East room . . . . 3,299 
 
 West " . . . . 3,98T " 387. 
 
 12,583 
 Duplicates .... 591, decrease 65 
 Volumes loaned from Dec. 1, 1865, to Dec. 1, 1866, 197. 
 " " " " 1866, " 1867, 388. 
 
 Feb. 5. Mr. Ferdinand Coxe presented a MS. note book of Dr. 
 John Redman. 
 
 March 4. Ordered that $500 be invested, including a donation of 
 $445.90 from the Philadelphia Medical Society, and that the interest 
 thereof be applied, in accordance with the condition of the gift, to 
 increase the library of the college.^ 
 
 July 2, 1879. Books bequeathed to the college by Dr. George B. 
 Wood were received. 
 
 Nov. 5, 1880. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell presented a thousand dollars 
 to establish a Journal Fund, or for such other disposition of its 
 income for the benefit of the library as the college may from time to 
 time determine. 
 
 The treasurer was directed to invest the gift and keep it separate 
 under the title of the Weir Mitchell Library Fund. Dr. Mitchell 
 
 ' The Philadelphia Medical Society, founded 1789, was discontinued in 1868. 
 Its archives are in the college In The Medical News, Jan. 1843, is the follow- 
 ing: "The Philadelphia Medical Society, for example, a naere acorn once, has 
 grown into a huge oak whose branches extend from the north to the south of 
 this Union, and whose motto might have been quantum latet, in allusion to its 
 origin, instead of ea; collisione scintilla. This society had a very humble begin- 
 ning; its junior members held their meetings in Lyttle's school house, a small 
 frame building next to Geni. Cadwalader's house, south Second Street, below 
 Spruce Street; each junior member carried his candle with him, and friend 
 Lyttle's ink pots, in the desks, were the sockets for our candles ; then and there 
 were discussed, as we thought, learnedly, of course, the merits of the CuUenian 
 and Brunonian doctrines."
 
 168 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 made a second contribution of one thousand dollars to this fund 
 March 1, 1882. 
 
 Feb. 2, 1881. Miss Emily Thomas began to make a card catalogue 
 of the library. 
 
 Jan. 4, 1882. Mrs. Helen C. Jenks presented a large number of 
 medical books. 
 
 Nov. 5, 1884. Dr. Alfred Stille presented 695 volumes. 
 
 April 1, 1885. The Samuel D. Gross library of the Academy of 
 Surgery was deposited : it is to be the property of the college on the 
 dissolution of the academy. 
 
 Dr. I. Minis Hays presented 901 ; and, Jan. 6, 1886, Mr. George 
 
 1. McKelway 166 volumes. 
 
 June 2, 1886. Mrs. J. F. Weightman presented 512 volumes, 351 
 of which were new to the library. With few exceptions they all 
 treat of ophthalmological subjects, and with the Lewis collection 
 make the library very full in this department. 
 
 Mr. William Weightman presented, Jan. 1887, $1000, on condi- 
 tion that the income from the investment thereof be used to purchase 
 books on ophthalmic surgery to be added to the collection given by 
 the widow of Dr. Weightman. 
 
 The Parry library and the obstetrical library were received June 
 
 2, 1886, as a permanent deposit, the books to be catalogued and 
 cared for as a part of the college library, to be used by the fellows, 
 and members of the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia. 
 
 At the close of 1886, the contents of the library were as follows :^ 
 
 
 Volumes. 
 
 
 Volumes. 
 
 General library, 
 
 20,016 
 
 and duplicates. 
 
 1,718 
 
 Lewis " 
 
 9,276 
 
 
 
 Mutter " 
 
 94 
 
 
 
 On special deposit : 
 
 
 
 
 Sam'l D. Gross library. 
 
 3,250 
 
 u 
 
 1,882 
 
 H. Lenox Hodge " 
 
 1,665 
 
 
 
 Obstetrical " 
 
 33 
 
 ii 
 
 326 
 
 34,284 3,926 
 
 ^ Annual Kcport of the Honorary Librarian, November 1, 1886.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 169 
 
 A journal club or association was formed in March, 1871, Avhicli 
 lias since annually contributed to the library 16 medical periodicals. 
 The Weir Mitchell fund supplies 14. Twenty-two journals, and 
 the transactions of 20 societies are received in exchange for the 
 transactions of the college. Many come from other sources, so that 
 the recent issues of about 200 American and foreign periodicals are 
 constantly on the racks or tables. 
 
 These records of medical thoughts, creeds, and facts, past and 
 present, here gathered together, constitute a source of knowledge, 
 long ago opened and enriched, from time to time, both by modest 
 and generous gifts from philanthropic men according to their means. 
 They afford opportunity to all who desire to avail themselves of it 
 to help themselves to information. Their use is not restricted to 
 the fellows of the college. Any respectable person may freely con- 
 sult them under the rules. 
 
 The utility of a library is measured by the numbers who resort to 
 it. If it be true that " supply creates demand," the number of readers 
 should increase proportionately to the number of books placed at 
 their service. 
 
 The library has a progressive rate of increase which is great. 
 Unless abated or arrested, which does not now seem likely, need of 
 room for its accommodation is sure to come. Foreseeing the ap- 
 proach of that need, possibly afar off, provision to meet it might be 
 prudently made now, by starting a building fund — a plant of slow 
 growth at best — to be ready not alone for construction, but also to 
 extend the site for building whenever opportunity may offer. The 
 entrance fees, and balances of every description annually appropri- 
 ated to it, under an economical administration of the affairs of the 
 college in every department, might accumulate a very respectable 
 fund by the time it will be wanted — ten or fifteen years hence. 
 
 DIRECTORY FOR NURSES. 
 
 Feb. 1, 1882. On motion of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell a committee 
 was appointed to inquire whether the college shall assume the duty 
 of establishinsr a resistration for nurses.
 
 170 
 
 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 The committee instructed to organize a Directory for Nurses' 
 reported, March 1, that more than a thousand dollars had been 
 subscribed to secure the object by 
 
 Mrs. E. W. Biddle, 
 
 " T. W. Biddle, 
 
 " Clarence Clarke, 
 
 " Coles, 
 
 " A. F. Franciscus, 
 
 " G. L. Harrison, 
 
 " Harry Hart, 
 
 " Lippincott, 
 
 " Thos. McKean, 
 
 " Mitchell, 
 
 Mr. A. Biddle, 
 
 " G. W. Childs, 
 
 " D. B. Cummings, 
 
 " A. J. iJrexel, 
 
 " W. Keid Fisher, 
 
 Mrs. Powers, 
 
 " W. H. Rawle, 
 
 " Rhoads, 
 
 " T. A. Scott, 
 
 " G. Roberts Smith, 
 
 " W. P. Tatham, 
 
 " Tobias Wagner, 
 
 " J. Lowber Welsh, 
 
 " C. Wister. 
 
 Mr. A. Haller Gross, 
 
 " H. C. Lea, 
 
 " J. S. Newbold, 
 
 " Wm. Rawle, 
 
 " Howard Roberts, 
 
 Miss Bohlen, 
 
 " Fox, 
 
 " Mary R. Fox, 
 
 " Meredith, 
 
 " Paul, 
 
 " Mary Paul, 
 
 " Pendleton, 
 
 " C. M. Rush, 
 
 " Mary Rush. 
 
 Mr, C. Piatt, 
 
 Dr. C. B. Cadwalader, 
 
 " J. H. Hutchinson, 
 
 " Samuel Lewis, 
 
 " J. F. Meigs. 
 
 Arrangements were completed and the office opened for business, 
 May 15. 
 
 Miss Emily Thomas was elected Secretary Feb. 7, 1883, 
 
 The Directory for Nurses is under the direct control of a com- 
 mittee of three fellows of the college, annually elected, assisted by 
 four ladies appointed by the committee. 
 
 The ladies first appointed assistants were Mrs. ]M. Fulton, Mrs. 
 Theodore Justice, Mrs. S. Weir Mitchell, and Miss S. Stevenson. 
 Mrs. Moncure Robinson was appointed, March 3, 1885, in place of 
 Mrs. Fulton, resigned. No other change has been made in the com- 
 mittee first selected. 
 
 For a moderate fee, skilled nurses, both male and female, are 
 quickly furnished on personal application ; also, by telegraph from 
 distant points, or by telephone in urgent cases. The office is open 
 at all hours. 
 
 About 500 names are on the register of nurses in the directory. 
 Of these 86 are male, and 175 are graduates of training schools. 
 During the year 1886, 1155 applicants were supplied with nurses. 
 
 The income of the directory exceeds its expenses. The surplus is 
 annually appropriated to the use of the library. 
 
 1 W. W. Keen, Albert H. Smith, S. Weir Mitchell.
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 171 
 
 ENTERTAINMENT FUND. 
 
 Nov. 7, 1877. On motion of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, seconded by 
 Dr. S. D. Gross, the council was requested to consider whether it is 
 advisable that the President should give, at the expense of the col- 
 lege, a reception in the hall once each year. The council reported, 
 Jan. 2, 1878, that the state of the treasury alone rendered the prop- 
 osition inexpedient. 
 
 Feb. 7, 1883. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell presented five thousand 
 dollars to establish an Entertainment Fund. 
 
 The first fruit of this generous gift was a reception given, Sept. 8, 
 1884, by the college to the medical members of the American and 
 British Associations for the Advancement of Science, assembled 
 together in Philadelphia at that time. 
 
 A dinner was given, with the aid of the fund, April 14, 1886, at 
 which the loving-cup presented to the college by some ladies, at a 
 suggestion of Dr. Mitchell, was introduced and used for the first 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY. » .^ 
 
 In accordance with the plan devised by a committee, appointed 
 for the purpose Nov. 5, 1885,^ the president of the college, S. Weir 
 Mitchell, M.D., LL.D., delivered a " Commemorative Address," 
 Monday, January 3, 1887, at 7.30 P. m. in Association Hall (S. E. 
 corner of Chestnut and Fifteenth Streets), in presence of the fellows 
 of the college and many distinguished guests. After the address, at 
 nine o'clock, there was a general reception in the hall of the College 
 of Physicians. 
 
 1 Sir Matthew Hale said, the pledge of any health is one of the greatest arti- 
 fices of drinkins: and leads to quarrelling in the kingdom. 
 
 * Committee on Centennial Anniversary, Nov. 5, 1884. Alfred Stilly, I. 
 Minis Hays, S. Weir Mitchell, S. W. Gross, and J. Ewing Mears. 
 
 Diflferent days were proposed for the celebration. Some suggested September, 
 some April, and others fixed upon January 2, 1887, because, according to precise 
 reckoning of time, that is the hundredth anniversary of the first meeting of the 
 society which is recorded. The college decided, Sept. 1, 1886, by a vote of 59 
 to 41, that January 2d was the appropriate date of the centennial anniversary.
 
 172 RUSCHENBERGER, 
 
 A special meeting of the college was held at noon Tuesday, Jan. 
 4, 1887. 
 
 Professor Alfred Stille, M.D., LL.D., delivered an address, 
 "Reminiscences of the College." 
 
 Eleven recently elected associate fellows were individually intro- 
 duced. The president, appropriately addressing each in turn, deliv- 
 ered to him a diploma of his associate fellowship. 
 
 Then, Professor J. M. Da Costa, M.D., LL.D., welcomed them 
 all to the college roll in an address. 
 
 As soon as the meeting adjourned those present were entertained 
 at luncheon in the department from which the Mutter Museum had 
 been very recently removed. 
 
 At seven o'clock in the evening a hundred and twenty fellows, 
 associates and guests of the college assembled in a hall of the Union 
 League (Broad and Sansom Streets) and dined. There were toasts, 
 the loving cup was circulated, and speeches were made. The com- 
 pany separated at midnight. 
 
 From ten o'clock A. M. till five o'clock p. m. on Wednesday and 
 Thursday, Jan. 5th and 6th, a collection of portraits of eminent 
 physicians and objects of professional interest, borrowed for the 
 occasion, were exhibited in the hall of the college to hundreds of 
 visitors. 
 
 The demonstrations of satisfaction, and the interchange of cheering 
 words about them, among the fellows and their friends, because the 
 College of Physicians of Philadelphia, still of good repute, had 
 attained the age of a hundred years, closed with this display. Atten- 
 tion of the local public had been attracted. The institution was 
 published more Avidely than it had been. The centennial celebra- 
 tion, which in no sense affected the intrinsic worth of the college, 
 simply made its existence more broadly known in the community, 
 and in some degree spread knowledge of its value as an agency in 
 fostering the cultivation of medical science in many ways — an object 
 of much general importance, which is not justly appreciated, nor 
 encouraged as it deserves to be outside of the profession. 
 
 In comparing the past with the present, the fellows of the col- 
 lege at this time may find reason to be boastful, if sedate men may
 
 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 
 
 ever boast at all. Several cotemporaneous medical societies in the 
 city, ably conducted, tried for years to secure permanency, each 
 hoping all the while to own a hall and in it a library and museum. 
 Some of those societies, after ten, twenty, fifty, or more years' 
 activity ceased to exist. With a single exception, all of them were 
 discontinued without possessions to divide or bequeath. They left 
 no sign of substantial progress, or evidence that they had contributed 
 to the advancement of medical science. Their failure, in some mys- 
 terious way free from a spirit of exultation, imparts a zest to our 
 success, rendering apt La Rochefoucault's assertion, that there is 
 something pleasant in the contemplation of the misfortunes of our 
 best friends. 
 
 At the close of 1849, when the society had existed sixty-three 
 years, including the founders, 180 fellows had been elected. As a 
 rule, they were dignified men, without exuberant estimate of them- 
 selves, and therefore free from the littleness of self-commendation, 
 notable for persevering and industrious ways, probity and frugality, 
 discernment, caution, and professional ability, qualities which secured 
 general confidence and respect, and enabled them to surmount ob- 
 stacles which insufficient means from time to time opposed to the 
 progress of the society. They laid the foundation of the respecta- 
 bility, the reputation of the college, and sustained it. Its present 
 satisfactory condition is ascribable largely to their acumen and 
 wisely prudent management, without which occasion for a centennial 
 celebration might have never come. The building fund, started in 
 1849, strengthened the attractions and ties of fellowship, and by its 
 completion gave stability to the institution. 
 
 More than twenty-eight hundred dollars, contributed by the fel- 
 lows, were expended on this rare anniversary. A comparison of the 
 state of the college a hundred years ago with its present condition 
 may be interesting in this connection. The annual contributions 
 paid by the fellows during the year 1787 amounted to |54, and the 
 entrance fees to $216. With such moderate income the college 
 willingly accepted the use of a room for its meetings in the Academy, 
 rent free, during nearly five years. To obtain more convenient 
 accommodations the entrance fee was increased to =£10, or $26.66, 
 and the annual contribution was doubled. In December, 1791, the
 
 174 INSTITUTION OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 college leased a room in tlie hall of the American Philosophical 
 Society for three years and a half, ending June 10, 1794, paying 
 the rent for the whole term in advance, $79.80, at the rate of 
 little less than $23 a year. The furniture of that room cost the 
 college $72. 
 
 Neither Redman, nor Morgan, nor Shippen, nor Kuhn, nor any 
 founder, ever dreamed of or foresaw the day when the college would 
 willingly see expended in the celebration of one anniversary of the 
 institution five or six time as much as the income of a whole year of 
 that period. The fellows of the olden time were careful that the 
 slender income of the college should not be expended for any pur- 
 pose unlikely to promote the objects for Avhich the society was insti- 
 tuted — to increase and diffuse knowledge of the healing art. They 
 did not consider that the intervention of college festivity on any 
 occasion was necessary to ease the task or enhance the worth of the 
 labors of the fellows, or promote the interests of the institution. 
 Their acts and words, as the record shows, imply that such was their 
 opinion. They were right ; but changed conditions justify different 
 conduct. Had they been present with us (wearing queues as of 
 old), they might have called our attention to the ancient views of the 
 college on temperance, and turned away ; or they might have cheer- 
 fully acquiesced in the methods of the present day, and congratulated 
 the college on its prosperity, the contents of its published Transac- 
 tions, the possession of a great library and museum ; and possibly 
 have been pleased to join in rejoicing over the harvest grown from 
 seeds of their planting.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 FORM OP THE CONSTITUTION OF THE C0LLE(5E OF PHYSICIANS 
 OF PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY 2, 1787. 
 
 The Physicians of Philadelphia, influenced by a conviction of many ad- 
 vantages that have arisen in every country from Literary institutions, have 
 associated themselves under the name and title of the College of Physicians 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 The objects of this College are, to advance the Science of Medicine, and 
 thereby to lessen Human Misery, by investigating the diseases and remedies 
 which are peculiar to our Country, by observing the effects of different 
 seasons, climates, and situations upon the Human body, by recording the 
 changes that are produced in diseases by the progress of Agriculture, Arts, 
 Population, and Manners, by searching for Medicines in our Woods, 
 Waters, and the bowels of the Earth, by enlarging our avenues to knowl- 
 edge ; from the discoveries and publications of foreign Countries ; by ap- 
 pointing stated times for Literary intercourse and communications, and by 
 cultivating order and uniformity in the practice of Physick. 
 
 For the purpose of obtaining these objects, the following Kules have been 
 adopted : 
 
 1st. The College shall consist of twelve Senior Fellows and of an indefi- 
 nite number of junior Fellows and Associates. 
 
 2d. The Senior and junior Fellows shall reside in the City or District of 
 Southwark, or Liberties of Philadelphia. 
 
 3d. The Associates shall consist of such persons of merit in the profession 
 of Medicine who do not live within the limits described for Fellows, without 
 any regard to Diversity of Nation or Religion. 
 
 4th. The junior Fellows shall consist of such Practitioners of Physic as are 
 of good moral character and decent deportment, and who are not under 
 twenty-four years of age. 
 
 5th. The Senior Fellows shall be chosen from among the Juniors, by the 
 Seniors only, within one month after a vacancy is declared. The Junior 
 Fellows and Associates shall be chosen by the joint votes of all the Fellows. 
 Three-fourths of the whole number of Senior Fellows shall concur in the 
 admission of Seniors, and three-fourths of the Fellows shall concur in the 
 admission of Juniors and Associates.
 
 176 APPENDIX. 
 
 6th. All Laws, Regulations, and Appointments to offices shall be made by 
 a Majority of the joint votes of all the Fellows. 
 
 Tth. The officers of the College shall consist of a President, Vice-President, 
 four Censors, a Treasurer, and Secretary, who shall be chosen annually from 
 amongst the Senior Fellows on the first Tuesday in July. 
 
 8th. The Stated Meetings of the College shall be on the first Tuesday 
 in every month. 
 
 Besides these meetings, the President, or in his absence or indisposition 
 the Vice-President, shall have power to call extraordinary meetings whenever 
 important or unexpected business shall require, of which he shall be the 
 judge. 
 
 It shall likewise be in the power of any six Fellows of the College who 
 concur in their desires of a meeting to authorize the President or, in his 
 absence, the Vice-President to call it. 
 
 9th. The business of the Censors shall be to inspect the Records and 
 examine the accounts and expenditures of the College and report thereon ; 
 and all communications made to the Society, after being read at one of 
 their stated meetings, shall be referred to the Censors, and such other 
 members of the College as shall be nominated for the purpose to examine 
 and report thereon to the College, who shall determine by a vote taken by 
 Ballot, on the propriety of publishing them in their transactions. 
 
 10th. The business of the Secretary shall be to keep minutes of the meet- 
 ings and transactions of the Society, and to record them in a Book provided 
 for that purpose. Likewise to receive and preserve all books and papers 
 belonging, and letters addressed to the College. 
 
 11th. The business of the Treasurer shall be to receive all the monies of 
 the College, and to pay them to the order of the President or Vice- 
 President only, which order shall be the Voucher of his expenditures. 
 
 12th. Every member of the College shall have a certificate of his election, 
 with the seal of the College affixed thereto, signed by the President and Vice- 
 President, and countersigned by the Censors and Secretary. The style of 
 the certificates and all addresses from the College, shall be as follows : The 
 President (or the Vice-President), and College of Phj'sicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 13th. No associate who comes to reside within the limits mentioned in the 
 Second Rule shall be admitted to a Fellowship in the College without being 
 elected in the manner prescribed for the admission of Junior Fellows. No 
 new member shall be chosen who has not been proposed at a previous stated 
 meeting. 
 
 14th. No Law or Regulation shall be adopted that has not been proposed 
 at a previous stated meeting, nor shall any part of the Constitution be altered 
 without being proposed for consideration for three months. The President, 
 or the Vice-President when he takes the chair, shall have no vote, except in 
 questions where there is an equal division of voices. 
 
 Two-fifths of the Fellows shall be a quorum for all Business, except the
 
 APPENDIX. 177 
 
 election of nembers, the expenditure of money, the making of Laws, or the 
 altering of the Constitution ; in the three last cases, a majority of the Fellows 
 shall be a quorum. 
 
 15th. Every Fellow upon his admission shall subscribe to the above Rules, 
 as a Testimony of his consent to be bound by them. He shall at the same 
 time pay into the hands of the Treasurer the sum of eight dollars, towards 
 establishing a fund for the use of the College ; he shall likewise pay two dol- 
 lars annually for the same purpose. 
 
 Senior Fellows. 
 
 John Morgan, Gerard Clarkson, 
 
 John Redman, Samuel Duffield, 
 
 John Jones, Thomas Parke, 
 
 William Shippen, jr., James Hutchinson, 
 
 Adam Kuhn, Greorge Glentworth, 
 
 Benj'n Rush, Abra : Chovet. 
 
 Junior Fellows. 
 
 Andrew Ross, Nathan Dorsey, 
 
 Wm. W. Smith, . B. Duffield, 
 
 James Hall, John Carson, 
 
 William Clarkson, John Foulke, 
 
 William Currie, Robt. Harris, 
 
 Benj'n Say, John R. B. Rodgers, 
 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, Caspar Wistar, Jun'r, 
 
 J. Morris, Jas. Cunningham. 
 
 This first constitution, signed by the 12 senior and 16 junior fellows, was 
 superseded by an amended form, submitted by "a member" Aug. 7, 1887, 
 and adopted Nov. 6, when 17 members were present. No change was made 
 in the preamble. The following rules were substituted for those of the first 
 constitution. 
 
 1 . The college shall consist of fellows and associates. 
 
 2. The fellows shall consist of practitioners of physic of character in their 
 profession who reside in the city, or district of Southwark, or Liberties of 
 Philadelphia, and are not under twenty-four years of age. 
 
 3. The associates shall consist of persons of merit in the profession of 
 medicine who do not live within the limits above described. 
 
 4. Three-fourths of the whole number of fellows shall concur in the admis- 
 sion of a fellow or associate. 
 
 5. The officers of the college shall consist of a president, vice-president, 
 four censors, a treasurer and secretary, who shall be chosen annually, from 
 amongst the fellows, on the first Tuesday in July. 
 
 12
 
 178 APPENDIX. 
 
 tj. The stated meetings shall be on the first Tuesday of every ii onth.^ Be- 
 sides these meetings the president, or in case of his absence or indisposition, 
 the vice-president, shall have power to call extraordinary meetings, whenever 
 important or unexpected business shall require, of which he shail be the 
 judge. It shall likewise be in the power of any six fellows of the college who 
 concur in their desires for a meeting to authorize the president, or in case of 
 his absence or indisposition, the vice-president, to call it. 
 
 7. The business of the censors shall be to inspect the records and examine 
 the accounts and expenditures of the college and report thereon ; and all 
 communications made to the society, after being read at one of their stated 
 meetings, shall be referred to the censors and such other members of the col- 
 lege as shall be nominated for the purpose, to examine and report thereon to 
 the college, who shall determine by a vote, taken by ballot, on the propriety 
 of publishing them in their transactions. 
 
 8. The business of the secretary shall be to keep the minutes of all the 
 meetings and transactions of the society and to record them in a book pro- 
 vided for that purpose. Likewise to receive and preserve all books and papers 
 belonging, and letters addressed to the college. 
 
 9. The business of the treasurer shall be to receive all the monies of the 
 college, and pay them to the order of the president or vice-president only, 
 which order shall be the voucher for his expenditures. 
 
 10. Every member of the college shall have a certificate of his election, 
 with the seal of the college affixed thereto, signed by the president and vice- 
 president, and countersigned by the censors and secretary. The style of the 
 certificates, and all addresses from the college shall be as follows : The presi- 
 dent, vice-president, and college of Physicians of Philadelphia. 
 
 11. No associate who comes to reside within the limits mentioned in the 
 second rule shall be admitted to fellowship in the college, without being 
 elected in the manner prescribed for the admission of fellows. No new mem- 
 ber shall be chosen who has not been proposed at a previous stated meeting. 
 
 12. No law nor regulation shall be adopted that has not been proposed at 
 a previous stated meeting, nor shall any part of the constitution be altered 
 without being proposed for consideration for three months. The president 
 or vice president when he takes the chair shall have no vote, except in ques- 
 tions where there is an equal division of voices. Two fifths of the fellows 
 shall be a quorum for all ordinary business ;'^ but for the expenditure of 
 
 1 This rule was amended April 6, 1852. It was ordered tliat hereafter the 
 meetings of the college shall be held on the first Wednesday instead of the 
 first Tuesday in the month. The change was made in compliance with a request 
 of 29 fellows, members of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
 which holds its meetings every Tuesday. 
 
 2 Amended, April 1, 1788, so that seven fellows shall constitute a quorum 
 for ordinary business.
 
 APPENDIX. 179 
 
 money, the making of laws, or altering the constitution, the majority of the 
 fellows shall be a quorum. 
 
 13. Every fellow upon his admission shall subscribe to the above rules, as 
 a testimony of his consent to be bound by them. He shall at the same time 
 pay into the hands of the treasurer the sum of eight dollars towards estab- 
 lishing a fund for the use of the college : he shall likewise pay two dollars 
 annually for the same purpose. 
 
 This amended constitution of November, 1787, has been signed by every 
 fellow elected since that date. It has not been heretofore printed. 
 
 THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS, 
 
 MADE TO THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, BY THE FIRST PRESIDENT THEREOF, 
 
 DR. JOHN REDMAN. 
 
 Gentlemen : At our first meeting to form a society under the style and 
 title of a College of Physicians, and to organize ourselves by choosing proper 
 officers and members, so as to constitute a body, you were pleased to honor me 
 with your suffrage and elect me your President. Upon that occasion I felt 
 myself oppressed, and, for some reasons, undetermined whether I should 
 continue in the office ; I therefore signified my acceptance only by a tacit 
 consent rather than otherwise. On my return home, under a strong impres- 
 sion of the weight, both of the office and my obligations to you, I sat down 
 and wrote what occurred to me as a suitable address to you at our next or 
 some future meeting, that might be most proper. Being unavoidably pre- 
 vented, I had not the pleasure of attending your next meeting. But having 
 now the peculiar happiness of seeing you convened in a body, and, I trust, 
 united in those bonds which are the result of most benevolent principles, and 
 may be efficacious for the most beneficent purposes, I feel highly honored in 
 appearing before you as 5'our official head, and therefore deem it a proper 
 opportunity to express my respects to you and regards for the society, by 
 addressing you in the very words I then wrote, which I the rather chose to do, 
 as they are dictated by the high sense I then had of the importance of the 
 institution and its future eminence if rightly conducted, and were suggested 
 by the immediate effusions of gratitude, without any exaggerations or arti- 
 ficial colorings, and for which, indeed, I have no talents, if I had even desired 
 or desi gned it. Being not used to speak in pubHc, I must beg leave rather 
 to read it than attempt to pronounce it from memory, which, at my age, is 
 not much to be depended on, and, while I bespeak your patient attention, I 
 hope, cannot but assure myself of your candid and favorable construction of 
 the matter, and benevolent excuse of any defects in the manner of deliver- 
 ing it.
 
 180 APPENDIX. 
 
 When I look round me and see so many gentlemen of character for learn- 
 ing, ingenuity, and integrity in the profession and practice of physick, and 
 some whose talents have early called them forth into public notice and offices 
 of dignity in the medical line, and who have conducted therein for many 
 years, so much to their own reputation and to the satisfaction and advantage 
 of their pupils and of their fellow-citizens ; and then look within mj'self and 
 consider my own powers and the time allotted to me by Providence, from the 
 state of those powers, and also that time of life which I have walked in from 
 choice, having in my constitutional frame no great desires of exaltation above 
 the middle state, nor higher ambition than to conduct therein rather with 
 integrity and usefulness than eclat. After such a view I said it would be 
 vanity or arrogance in me not to suppose that mj' election was more owing 
 to the generous benevolence of your own minds, as a mark of respect to my 
 age and long standing in the profession, and as a kind and disinterested testi- 
 mony of approbation of my general conduct in life, and regularity in the 
 practice of our art, than to any peculiar merit of mine. Nevertheless, I am 
 equally bound in duty and gratitude to return you my best thanks for the 
 honor you have done me, which I now do most heartily, to you gentlemen 
 the senior fellows who elected me, and also to you gentlemen junior fellows, 
 who, I am informed, unanimously approved of my election ; more especially 
 as it places me first on the list of presidents of the College of Physicians, 
 both in the State of Pennsylvania, and, I believe, in all the United States of 
 America. This reminds me of two things, which I cannot recollect but with 
 concern, and indeed I ought to regret. The first of them is that this insti- 
 tution did not commence at an earlier period, and in the lifetime of one 
 whose person, age, character, and reputation for medical abilities and respect- 
 able deportment to and among us, as well as his generous, just, and benevo- 
 lent temper of mind, and great acqiuaintaace with books, men, and things, 
 and proper attention to times and seasons, would, I am persuaded, have 
 pointed him out as our first object. And it would have been the highest 
 gratification to me, as I believe it would to you all who knew him, to have 
 given our suffrages unanimously to place him at the head of such an institu- 
 tion. Having said this much, I am sure his name will readily recur to 30U 
 all ; nor need I mention it, but that I always recollect with pleasure the name 
 of our worthy and well-respected elder brother, and my much esteemed 
 friend, Dr. Thomas Cadwalader.' Though it is now but a melancholy 
 pleasure when joined with the reflection on the loss we sustained by his 
 death. It would also have been very pleasmg to have seen another of our 
 elder brethren, my predecessor in the presidentship of this institution. I 
 
 1 Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, a member of the American Philosophical Society 
 from January 19, 1768, and one of its Vice-Presidents during the year 1769, 
 died November 14, 1779, aged 72 years.
 
 APPENDIX. 181 
 
 doubt not 3'ou all easily judge that I mean Dr. Thomas Bond,^ more lately 
 taken from us, and who so long and deservedly maintained a reputation for 
 judgment and skill in the profession, and indefatigable assiduity to the last 
 in the practice of physick and surgery. But they are no more — Et Heu ! 
 Hinc ilia; lachrymfe, Mors fait ut semper inexorabilis. Et Tempus quod 
 omnia devorat, homines qn-x bonos medicosque humi prosternit. And there 
 may they rest in peace till old time itself shall expire, and that scene com- 
 mences when these mortals shall put on immortality. The other circumstances 
 I have to regret is the loss of that spirit of business, and that activity and 
 vigor of body and mind, with their several faculties (such as they were), which 
 I was once possessed of Whence I fear I may not be able to comport myself 
 so fully up to the dignity of the station you have placed me in, and the credit 
 of the institution as may yield the complete satisfaction to you or myself 
 -could wish. These considerations occasioned some hesitation in my own 
 mind at first in accepting it, at least no small apprehensions in myself, as 
 feeling the weight rather oppressive, and overcome by the height of the 
 prospect to which my imagination fondly raises the institution in dignity and 
 utility if rightly conducted ; and to which our united wisdom, prudence and 
 steady perse verence, will be found competent, even though my declining 
 powers should not be equal to the part allotted me. But as I can be sure of 
 the most candid construction of my actions and most benevolent excuse of 
 my defects, which they will bear, with such friends with whom I have been 
 long connected, and always transacted business to our mutual satisfaction 
 and advantage. And I am confident of all needful aid from every member, 
 not only on duty as such, but considered as medical gentlemen, whose pecu- 
 liar characteristics is to succor those who labor under infirmities and diseases; 
 and if you live long enough you will all be convinced by experience (as I am 
 already) that old age, even in its commencement, partakes more or less of 
 them both ; and as I am peculiarly happy, in not only the future expecta- 
 tion, but present enjoyment of all possible assistance from those of you whom 
 I have the honor to call my professional children, and the happiness to esteem 
 and be esteemed and respected by them as such on all occasions ; I have, 
 therefore, ventured to accept the honor you have conferred on me, and to 
 undertake the trust you have reposed in me with a good will ; nor, indeed, 
 could I have refused them without acting contrary to that kind of gratitude 
 which both the laws of generosity and morality require of us ; and although I 
 do'it with some fears, yet also with a resolution to exert in the best manner I 
 can all the powers I have still remaining, to which I hope your generosity will 
 add new vigor and strength to promote the credit and usefulness of our well 
 intended institution ; reserving to myself the liberty and determination, that 
 
 ' Dr. Thomas Bond, an original member of the American Philosophical 
 Sociel}-, and one of the Vice-Presidents, from 1770 until he died, March 26, 
 1784, aged 72 years.
 
 182 APPENDIX. 
 
 if I find myself oppressed with the weight, or my infirmities increase so as 
 not to be able to conduct in my station with constant attention or full pro- 
 priety, to be the first to request and insist upon my resignation of it to those 
 whose vigor and activity of mind and body may render them more competent 
 and proper for your election ; in which I shall heartily join, and in everything 
 as a private member, as long and as far as my age and powers will carry me, 
 that tends to the welfare of the society, and its useful influence for the good 
 of our fellow mortals. This leads me to conclude and declare that though 
 you have been pleased to honor me so far as to place me at the head of your 
 body, and thus to make me in a collective sense your superior, yet I shall 
 ever count it my best honor, and feel it one of my greatest pleasures to be the 
 devoted servant of the institution, and, gentlemen, your respectful humble 
 servant, J- R. 
 
 Respected Brethren : After I had writ the preceding address my mind 
 took a more serious turn, which I willingly indulged, as the current of my 
 thoughts related to the most substantial good of the institution, and in a cer- 
 tain degree evidenced the earnestness of my desires to promote it. Under 
 that view, craving your indulgence a few minutes longer, I will venture to 
 read them as they were hastily written, exactly according to their rise, pro- 
 gress, and termination in my own mind, and though the manner in which 
 they are expressed may not bear every kind of criticism, yet I trust the matter 
 of them is such as will give offense to none, but be approved by you all ; 
 especially as the principles and grounds of them are the words of one of the 
 wisest of men — I mean King Solomon in his 3d chapter of Proverbs — "Trust 
 in the Lord with all thine heart, and leave not to thy own understanding ; in 
 all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths ;" the antiquity 
 of which words I hope will be no objection to them, with medical gentlemen 
 who acknowledge that some of their oldest authors are equal if not superior 
 to many of the moderns. Be that as it may, they led me to consider that in 
 one place of the Scriptures of truth it is declared (and believed by all who 
 count them authentic, and have made them the subject of their rational 
 attention and serious meditation), that by the Grod of Heaven kings reign 
 and princes decree justice ; and elsewhere, that except the Lord build the 
 house they labor in vain that build it, except the Lord keep the city the 
 watchman watcheth but in vain. Taking these for granted, which I do most 
 heartily, I am convinced that it highly becomes rational men in all their 
 lawful enterprises and undertakings of importance, especially those which 
 require wisdom and judgement, prudence and perseverence, efi'ectually to 
 accomplish them, to acknowledge Grod to be their sovereign Ruler and the 
 Over Ruler of all events, in wisdom, justice, goodness and truth ; and also 
 to acknowledge their obligations to hiui for every good they have or do enjoy, 
 as well as their dependence upon him for anj^ good they still hope for, or 
 expect in the prosecution of afi"airs public or private, and for his protection,
 
 APPENDIX. 183 
 
 direction and success therein, and accordingly to invoke his aid, and implore 
 his blessing thereon. Hence it is that I feel it both mj' duty and inclination, 
 as your oldest member, and especially as your president, and as very becoming 
 to us at the Commencement of this our Institution in j'our name and on j'our 
 behalf to acknowledge the Supreme Being to be our Sovereign, Lord, and 
 Ruler, and also our obligations to him for every mercy and blessing we have 
 been the subjects of, and especially for giving us capacities for such an under- 
 taking, and influencing our wills to engage in so good a design at this time. 
 In the same manner I do also acknowlege our dependence upon him for 
 protection, direction, blessings, and success ; and furthermore 1 do, also in 
 your name and behalf, invoke his aid and implore him to grant unto us in 
 this and all our lawful enterprises, all that wisdom, prudence, discretion, and 
 judgement, which are necessary to conduct it in a proper manner, to good 
 effect and useful puri^oses ; and also that grace which may enable us to act 
 herein from right principles, with just motives, to good ends, and according 
 to the best rules and regulations, so that in this and all our works and ways, 
 we may glorify Grod, and do good in our days; and finally that after we have 
 publicly or privately served our generation faithfully according to the will of 
 God, we may be fitted for and admitted into his Kingdom and glory, through 
 Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour. 
 
 MEMORIAL ON TEMPERANCE, 1787. 
 
 To the Honorable, the Legishiture of the State of Pennsylvania : 
 
 The Memorial of the College of Physicians of the City of Philadelphia, 
 respectfully sheweth,' 
 
 That your memorialists have seen, with great concern, the numerous evils 
 which have followed the intemperate use of distilled spirituous liquors in the 
 State of Pennsylvania. They decline taking notice of the baneful effects of 
 these liquors on property and morals, and beg leave to confine their memorial 
 to their influence upon the health and lives of their fellow citizens, and the 
 population of their country. 
 
 That among the numerous diseases which are produced by the use of dis- 
 tilled spirituous liquors, they would only mention, the Dropsy, Epilepsy, 
 Palsy, Apoplexy, Melancholy and Madness ; which too seldom yield to the 
 powers of medicine. That where distilled spirituous liquors do not produce 
 these terrible and obstinate diseases they generally impair the strength of the 
 body so as to lessen its ability to undergo that labour, either in degree or 
 duration, which it is capable of without them. That the prevailing ideas of 
 
 ' Adopted at a stated meeting Nov. 6, 1787, presented by Drs. Jones, Kush, 
 and GrifBtts, the Committee appointed Sept. 4, 1787.
 
 184 APPENDIX. 
 
 the necessity and advantages of using distilled spirituous liquors to obviate 
 the injurious effects of extreme heat or cold upon the human body are alto- 
 gether without foundation, and that they increase the evils they are taken to 
 remove. That the inconvenience aris^ing from excessive labor, heat, or cold, 
 is to be removed with much more safety and certainty by the use of Cider 
 or malt liquors. Your memorialists therefore pray that your Honorable 
 House would take the facts herein stated into their serious consideration, and 
 as Guardians of the health and lives, no less than of the liberties and morals 
 of their constituents, that they would enact such a law, for the checking the 
 improper use of distilled spirituous liquors as to their wisdom and humanity 
 may seem proper. 
 
 Signed by the President and attested by the Secr'y, presented with a re- 
 quest that it may be inserted in the journals of the House. 
 
 LINES OCCASIONED BY THE DECEASE OF DR. OERARDUS CLARKSON, 
 OF THIS CITY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1790.' 
 
 Farewell, my friend, it seems we meet no more, 
 Amid the perils of this hostile shore ; 
 These eyes no more thy form rever'd shall see, 
 Nor more thy friendly councils visit me, 
 Amid the gloom of sickness or of woe. 
 No further solace shall thy cares bestow. 
 Nor 'mid the mazes of this checquered scene. 
 Thy wisdom aid me, or thy bosom serene ! 
 
 Gone are the daj's of friendship so sincere, 
 Tho' once they sooth' d me, they now urge the tear, 
 As flowers of spring— so lovely once to view. 
 But now turned painful, what regrets pursue ; 
 With unavailing grief, I seek thy urn. 
 And look for pleasures that are past return ! 
 
 Thine now are joys beyond what thought can paint. 
 Such as the just console, and bless the saint, 
 Crown'd with rich fruits beneath autumnal skies, 
 The master saw thee, and bestowed the prize ; 
 He spared thee winter's desolating sway. 
 And took to regions of perpetual May ! 
 
 1 Poems on several occasions. By John Swanwick Esq., one of the repre- 
 sentatives in the Congress of the United States from the State of Pennsylvania. 
 Philadelphia, 1797.
 
 APPENDIX. 185 
 
 There rest in peace — the Sabbath of the tomb 
 
 For thee prepares an everlasting bloom ; 
 
 Let not thy friend then foolishly repine 
 
 As pleasures lost to him, so well exchanged for thine ! 
 
 LINES SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF DR. HENRY STUBER. 
 
 What beckoning ghost beside yon ancient towers, 
 
 Invites to tread the melancholy isle, 
 Where awful death has deck'd her lonely bowers, 
 
 And sits in triumph o'er the dreary pile. 
 
 Is it some statesman weary of the load, 
 
 Which mad ambition on her sons bestows, 
 That calls to view that desolate abode. 
 
 Where ends at last his labours and his woes ? 
 
 Is it some miser, whose usurious soul 
 
 Could not enjoy what fortune chanc'd to give, 
 
 That now in others would the sense controul. 
 That took from him — the feculty to live? 
 
 Ah no — 'tis Stuber, whose enlightened face, 
 Dispell'd the mists of error where it shone : 
 
 He still, in death, instructs the rising race. 
 And bids them gather knowledge at his stone. 
 
 Teaches by early industry to save. 
 
 The fleeting moments of all precious time, 
 If tears of friendship wishing at their grave. 
 
 They pant like him, for laurels in their prime. 
 
 Teaches, like him, with early zeal to tread 
 
 The paths of honor, learning and renown. 
 If Hke himself beloved — and mourn'd when dead, 
 
 They'd wish in youth an everlasting crown. 
 
 John Swanwick, Esq.
 
 186 APPENDIX. 
 
 MEMOKIAl. ON TEMPERANCE, ADDRESSED TO THE CONGRESS OF THE 
 UNITED STATES, DECEMBER, 1790. 
 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress 
 assembled. The Memorial of the College of Physicians of the City of 
 Philadelphia respectfully shoiveth .■' 
 
 That they have seen with great pleasure the operation of the National 
 Government, which has established order in the United States. 
 
 They rejoice to find, amongst the powers which belong to this government, 
 that of restraining, by certain duties, the consumption of distilled spirits in 
 our country. It belongs more peculiarly to men of other professions to 
 enumerate the pernicious effects of these liquors on morals and manners. 
 Your memorialists will only remark that a great proportion of the most obsti- 
 nate, painful, and mortal disorders which affect the human body are pro- 
 duced by distilled spirits — that they are not onlj^ destructive to health and 
 life, but that they impair the faculties of the mind, and thereby tend equally 
 to dishonor our character as a nation, and to degrade our species as intelligent 
 beings. 
 
 Your memorialists have no doubt that the rumor of a plague or any other 
 pestilential disorder, which might sweep away thousands of their fellow- 
 citizens, would produce the most vigorous and effectual measures in our 
 government to prevent or subdue it. 
 
 Your memorialists can see no just cause why the more certain and exten- 
 sive ravages of distilled spirits upon human life should not be guarded against 
 with corresponding vigilance and exertions by the present rulers of the United 
 States. 
 
 Your memorialists beg leave to add further that the habitual use of dis- 
 tilled spirits, in any case whatever, is wholly unnecessary — that they neither 
 fortify the body against the morbid effects of heat or cold, nor render labor 
 more easy, nor more productive — and that there are many articles of diet 
 and drink, which are not only safe and perfectly salutary, but preferable to 
 distilled spirits for each of the above-mentioned purposes. 
 
 Your memorialists have beheld with regret the feeble influence of reason 
 and religion, in restraining the evils they have enumerated. 
 
 They centre their hopes, therefore, of an efl&cient remedy for them in the 
 wisdom and power of the Legislature of the United States; and in behalf of 
 the interests of humanity, to which their profession is closely allied, they 
 thus publicly entreat the Congress, by their obligations, to protect the lives 
 of their constituents, and by their regard to the character of our nation, and 
 to the rank of our species in the scale of beings, to impose such heavy duties 
 upon all distilled spirits as shall be effectual to restrain their intemperate use 
 in our country. 
 
 ^ Adopted December 27, 1790.
 
 APPENDIX. 187 
 
 THE ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT, DR. JOHN REDMAN, THANKIN(i THE 
 COLLEGE FOR HIS REELECTION, AUGUST 2, 1791.* 
 
 Gentlemen : Having by indif^position of body been prevented from join- 
 ing you at your last meeting and annual election, when you honored me with 
 your suffrages, and reelected me to the Presidency of the College, I now take 
 the first opportunity of returning you my hearty thanks for this renewed 
 instance of your respect, the continuance of which, notwithstanding mj' infirm- 
 ities, so evidently increasing with my years, leads me to add, that such kind 
 indulgence toward an aged brother, arising chiefly from the benevolence of 
 your own minds, demands my particular acknowledgements, and under that 
 view gratitude obliges my acceptance of the office again at this time, which, 
 otherwise in regard to myself, I should have wished to decline. For, to be 
 candid and tell you the truth, I should not have been ea.sy under the sense I 
 had of my growing infirmities of body and mind for some time past, to have 
 continued to accept the honor you have so repeatedly conferred upon me, 
 but from the consideration that you always joined a colleague with me as 
 Vice-President, whose eminence and reputation in our profession, and whose 
 clearness of judgment, vigor of faculties, and easy manner of conve3'ing his 
 sentiments, together with his friendly disposition to aid me, fully obviated 
 and prevented any ill effects, naturally to be expected from declining age, 
 and rendered my situation more pleasant than otherwise it might have been. 
 But though much and justly respected by us and all connected with him in 
 kindred, friendship, or business, he was mortal, and he has gone — no more 
 to return, to aid by his talents, or gratify us by his presence at our meetings, 
 or cheer us by his affability, agreeable converge, and polite manners. And 
 therefore (though somewhat late, and almost unseasonable), I must indulge 
 myself in sympathising with you, and regretting the real loss which the 
 republic of medicine in general, and our collegiate society in particular, have 
 sustained thereby. Much did I expect, from his being several years younger 
 than myself, and so well and justly esteemed by you, that he would be my 
 next successor ; and from a settled resolution, soon to request my dismission 
 (if not otherwise removed), I sometimes flattered mj'self with having the 
 pleasure to see him raised to your presidential chair — to which I should most 
 heartily have concurred, as well on account of his own merit and qualifica- 
 tions, as because it would have been highly gratifying to me to be a living 
 witness of our college being headed by one whose eminence in more than 
 one of the material branches of medical science, and reputation among our 
 citizens in general was still very flourishing, and whose connections with and 
 estimation in which he was held by the higher orders and ranks of them, 
 was so conspicuous and intimate, as might contribute to the greater external 
 dignity of the institution, and render its influence more powerful and effectual 
 
 1 The college requested him to accept its thanks for his address, and directed 
 that it be preserved on the minutes.
 
 188 APPENDIX. 
 
 on any particular occasion of public utility, wherein it might be thought 
 requisite, or be called to exert it. 
 
 But that I may not detain you longer on a subject now hopeless, with 
 respect to him, I shall conclude it only with one observation or reflection, 
 which, though partaking of the same gloomy complexion with the circum- 
 stance which occasions it, yet may be useful in application, and I doubt not 
 may have occurred to many of you, as well as myself, that though our loss in 
 members since the commencement of our institution may not have exceeded 
 the usual proportion, j^et I think it a little remarkable that the lot has 
 hitherto only fixllen on our officers (except one who had previously resigned 
 his meuibership), though no certain, or even plau.sible inference can be 
 drawn from it, respecting those in that capacity more than others, still I 
 thought it a remark worth noticing, as it may be of use to them, as well as 
 all, if duly and seasonably attended to and improved ; and to none is appli- 
 cation more proper than to him who makes it, and is the oldest among you. 
 
 And now, gentlemen, as it doth not become us to murmur at, and much 
 less to arraign, any of the dispensations of that Providence, which we believe 
 is ever conducted in its arrangements by infinite wisdom and goodness, and 
 always for the best on the whole, or be so absorbed in regretting our losses, 
 as not to remember and thankfully improve the blessings we still enjoy — 
 leaving the mournful scene we have just been contemplating . I now feel 
 myself equally incited by duty and inclination to congratulate you on the 
 judicious and prudent measure you have taken to fill up the vacancy which 
 the death of our late worthy Vice-President had made, by electing to the 
 office a gentleman so properly qualified for it ; who being born and educated 
 among us, and after considerable expense of time and fortune had completed 
 his studies abroad, was one of the first of those whose liberal minds and 
 patriotic regards for their native country, led them to concert the plan for a 
 complete medical instruction among ourselves ; and was the very first who 
 stepped forth with manly firmness and becoming confidence in the utility and 
 dignity of the plan, in the execution of it — and whose steadj' perseverence and 
 judicious prosecution of the particular and important branch he first engaged 
 in, in conjunction with those who followed him, and his example, in the several 
 departments which, by mutual agreement, they undertook, have not only 
 accomplished their design completely, but in such a manner as doth them 
 much credit, and gained them great approbation and applause, both at home 
 and abroad, and to the great emoluments of our country and the students of 
 medicine, who may now, under their tuition, be as regularly instructed in 
 medical science, and as fully and honorably qualified for practice, as in any 
 of those foreign seminaries which are much older, many instances of which 
 have been exhibited much to the honor of the professors of our medical 
 school. All which considerations pointed him out as the proper object of 
 our choice on the late occasion. And, therefore, as I had not the pleasure 
 to be present and join my sufi"rage, I now think myself bound to express my
 
 APPENDIX. 189 
 
 hearty concurrence, and sincerely congratulate you, Sir, on your election to 
 the Vice-Presidency of the first College of Physicians in America, and thus 
 receiving in the midtiiue of life, and while your faculties are still vigorous 
 and animated, this further reward of your merit and labors for the public 
 good ; as well as on that of your late election into another institution founded 
 on the principles of humanity and charity for the pious purpose of aifording 
 relief to the indigent sick and deranged; where you will have the heart- 
 affecting opportunity of exercising the virtues of the man, the physician, and 
 Christian, and thereby insure and enhance the comforts of your declining 
 3'ears. 
 
 Nor can I omit congratulating mj'self on the well-grounded hope I enter- 
 tain of receiving from the abilities of our new Vice-President (and from the 
 goodwill and politeness I have always experience when conjoined with him 
 on other occasions), that aid and support in my office which my advanced 
 age, and debilitated powers and defective senses make requisite ; and which 
 may render my situation the more easy and pleasant while I remain in it, 
 which cannot now be long, as I am persuaded I must soon recede either 
 from prudential choice, or from necessity of another kind, needless here to 
 mention: but which puts me in mind to conclude with declaring (as possibly 
 this may be the last opportunity 1 may have of so doing on such an occasion), 
 my hearty goodwill to and wishes for the prosperity and success of the Col- 
 lege of Physicians in everything that may render it honorable and useful to 
 our native country, now risen into empire, and rising in fame, and to the 
 relief and solace of our sufifering fellow mortals, and also for the peace and 
 happiness of each of you its members in j'our several stations and relations, 
 civil and social, both here and hereafter. 
 
 MEMORABLE DATES IN THE HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE. 
 
 Institution of the College Jan, 2, 1787. 
 
 Institution of the library March 3, 1788. 
 
 Incorporation of the College .... March 26, 1789. 
 
 Institution of the pathological museum . . June 5, 1849. 
 
 Institution of the building fund .... Nov. 2, 1849. 
 
 Institution of the Miitter Museum . . . Dec. II, 1858. 
 
 Institution of the second building fund . . April 7, 1875. 
 
 BUILDING FUND. 
 
 1849. 
 
 After it had been determined to continue the building-fund trust, Drs. 
 Francis West, T. Hewson Bache, Edward Hartshorne, S. Weir Mitchell, 
 Wm. Byrd Page, James J. Levick, and Robert P. Thomas were appointed 
 March 2, 1859, " to solicit from the fellows additional contributions to the 
 building fund of the college." They were authorized, April 6, 1859, "to
 
 190 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 solicit contributions from the citizens generally as well as from the fellows of 
 the college;" but so many of the elders disapproved of the method that it 
 was abandoned. 
 
 This committee reported, Dec. 5, 1860, that it had procured subscriptions 
 amounting to $4665, of which $2700 had been paid ; and, on its request, was 
 discharged. 
 
 From the minutes of proceedings of the committee on collections, ap- 
 pointed Dec. 4, 1849 (see page 154), and the final report of the above-named 
 committee, the following list of payments to the fund, up to Dec. 1860, has 
 been compiled. It includes the original contributors. 
 
 CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FUND 
 
 To erect <i lidll for the accommodation of the College of Physicians of 
 Phi/adeljihia, paid prior to Dec. 5, 1860, $10,635. 
 
 George B. Wood 
 
 
 
 $4000 
 
 G. Emerson 
 
 $50 
 
 George Fox 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 S. D. Gross . 
 
 50 
 
 Hugh L. Hodge 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 Benjamin S. Janney 
 
 50 
 
 Charles D. Meigs 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 J. Forsyth Meigs . 
 
 50 
 
 George W. Norris 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 Wm. Byrd Page 
 
 50 
 
 John Rodman Paul 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 Isaac Parrish . 
 
 50 
 
 Franklin Bache 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 Lewis Rodman 
 
 50 
 
 J. Wilson Moore 
 
 
 
 250 
 
 H. H. Smith . 
 
 50 
 
 Edward Peace 
 
 
 
 250 
 
 M. C. Shallcross 
 
 50 
 
 Caspar Morris . 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 H. Tiedeman . 
 
 50 
 
 William Pepper 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 Francis West . 
 
 50 
 
 Moreton Stille 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 L. P. Gebhard 
 
 40 
 
 William Ashmead 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 Theophilus Beasley . 
 
 25 
 
 Henry Bond . 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 J. H. B. McClellan 
 
 25 
 
 J. H. Bradford 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 W. H. Klapp . 
 
 25 
 
 Henry E. Drayton 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 Squire Littell . 
 
 25 
 
 K. M. Huston . 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 Wm. Mayburry 
 
 25 
 
 Samuel Jackson 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 W^ashington L. Atlee 
 
 20 
 
 Samuel Lewis . 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 Robert Bridges 
 
 20 
 
 J. Pancoast 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 T. Hewson Bache . 
 
 20 
 
 C. W. Pennock 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 Thomas Dillard 
 
 20 
 
 Alfred Stille . 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 W. W. Gerhard . 
 
 20 
 
 Joseph Warrington 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 W. R. Grant . 
 
 20 
 
 Caspar Wister 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 Ed. Hartshorne 
 
 20 
 
 Charles Evans 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 R. A. F. Penrose . 
 
 20 
 
 Isaac Hays 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 John J. Reese . 
 
 20 
 
 John Bell 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Alexander Wilcooks 
 
 20 
 
 D. Francis Condie 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Wm. H. Hooper 
 
 15 
 
 Joseph Carson 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Anthon}' E. Stocker 
 
 15 
 
 E. Dunglison . 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Wm. R. Bullock . 
 
 10
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 191 
 
 $10 
 
 John H. Packard 
 
 $ 5 
 
 10 
 
 Citizens — 
 
 
 10 
 
 Blanchard & Lea . 
 
 300 
 
 10 
 
 J. B. Lippincott «fc Co. . 
 
 200 
 
 10 
 
 C. H. Fisher . 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 John J. Kramer 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 Blair & Wyeth 
 
 . 100 
 
 10 
 
 Isaac Lea 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 Lindsay & Blakiston 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 George Ord 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 Henry Seybert 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 Robert P. De Silver 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 William Hembell . 
 
 20 
 
 B. H. Coates . 
 John D. Griscom 
 Samuel L. HoUingsworth 
 William Hunt 
 William V. Keating 
 D. Paul Lajus 
 Gotthilf Mochring . 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger 
 A. M. Slocum . 
 Francis G. Smith 
 R. H. Townsend 
 Robert P. Thomas . 
 J. B. Biddle . 
 
 At a meeting of the college, April 4, LS60, Dr. Geo. B. Wood stated in 
 substance that this would probably be the last opportunity he would have 
 before going to Europe to express the strong interest he felt in the concerns 
 of the college — that at the time when it would be necessary to begin the 
 work in order to complete the edifice at the period stipulated to secure the 
 Mutter endowment, the fund, exclusive of unpaid subscriptions, would be 
 about $16,000, or $9000 less than the estimated cost of the building — that if 
 the college would raise the amount needed to make the $25,000, he himself 
 would contribute the $5000 additional which would probably be necessary to 
 finish and furnish satisfactorily the proposed hall — that he wished the college 
 to consider him formally pledged to pay this sum after his return from abroad, 
 on the conditions mentioned. He stated also that " he had taken measures 
 to secure the sum of $5000 to the college, should any contingency occur by 
 which his return" would be prevented.
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 prom 1786 till january, 1887. 
 
 Presidents — 12. 
 
 John Redman, 
 William Shippen, 
 Adam Kuhn, 
 Thomas Parke, 
 Thomas C. James,* 
 
 Elected. Elected. 
 
 Oct. 1786 George B. Wood, Mar. 7, 1848 
 
 July 2, 1805 W.S.W.Ruschenberger.fMay 7, 1879 
 
 Sept. 6, 1808 Alfred Stille, Jan. 3, 1883 
 
 July 7, 1818 Samuel Lewis, t Jan. 2, 1884 
 
 Mar. 3, 1835 J. M. Da Costa, 
 
 May 7. 1884 
 
 Thomas T. Hewson, July 7, 1835 S. Weir Mitchell, Jan. 6, 1886 
 
 * Died July 5, 1835. 
 
 f " It was enacted July 2, 1879, that no fellow shall be eligible to the oflBce 
 of president more than five years in succession." An amendment of 1882 limits 
 the tenure of the presidency to three years. 
 
 X Resigned on account of impaired health May, 1884. 
 
 Vice-Presidents — 20. 
 
 John Jones, 
 William Shippen, Jr., 
 Adam Kuhn, 
 Samuel Duffield,* 
 Thomas Parke, 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, 
 Thomas C, James, 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Joseph Parrish, 
 John C. Otto, 
 
 EUcted. 
 
 
 ElecUd. 
 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1786 
 
 Henry Neill, 
 
 July 
 
 o 
 
 -"1 
 
 1844 
 
 July, 
 
 1791 
 
 George B. Wood, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 3, 
 
 1845 
 
 July 2, 
 
 1805 
 
 Charles D. Meigs, t 
 
 July 
 
 4, 
 
 1848 
 
 Sept. 6, 
 
 1808 
 
 Franklin Bache, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 
 
 1855 
 
 Aug. 13, 
 
 1813 
 
 George W. Norris, 
 
 June 
 
 1, 
 
 1864 
 
 July 7, 
 
 1818 
 
 W.S.W.Ruscbenbei 
 
 •ger.May 
 
 5, 
 
 1875 
 
 July 25, 
 
 1826 
 
 Alfred Stille, 
 
 June 
 
 4, 
 
 1879 
 
 April 7, 
 
 1835 
 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 
 
 1883 
 
 July 7, 
 
 1835 
 
 S. Weir Mitchell, 
 
 June 
 
 4, 
 
 1884 
 
 July 7, 
 
 1840 
 
 John H. Packard, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6, 
 
 1886 
 
 * Declined reelection July 3, 1813. 
 
 f Declined reelection June, 1855.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 193 
 
 Censors — 31. 
 
 
 
 Elect 
 
 ed. 
 
 
 Elected 
 
 
 John Morgan, 
 
 Oct. 
 
 
 1786 
 
 George B. Wood, 
 
 May 
 
 5, 
 
 1835 
 
 William Shippen, Jr., 
 
 11 
 
 
 ti 
 
 Charles D. Meigs, 
 
 July 
 
 7, 
 
 1835 
 
 Adam Kuhn, 
 
 11 
 
 
 It 
 
 J. Wilson Moore, 
 
 July 
 
 7, 
 
 1840 
 
 Benjamin Rush, 
 
 u 
 
 
 "■ 
 
 Henry Bond, 
 
 July 
 
 2, 
 
 1844 
 
 Samuel Duffield, 
 
 July 
 
 1, 
 
 1788 
 
 Samuel Jackson,* 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 
 
 1845 
 
 John Morgan, 
 
 July 
 
 7, 
 
 1789 
 
 George W. Norris, 
 
 July 
 
 4, 
 
 1848 
 
 Thomas Parke, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 16, 
 
 1789 
 
 E. La Roche, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6, 
 
 1858 
 
 James Hutchinson, 
 
 July 
 
 5, 
 
 1791 
 
 Isaac Hays, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4, 
 
 1860 
 
 Caspar Wistar, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 
 
 1793 
 
 Joseph Carson, 
 
 u 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Samuel Duffield, 
 
 K 
 
 
 u 
 
 W.S.W.Kuschenberger, " 
 
 
 It 
 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, 
 
 July 
 
 2, 
 
 1805 
 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 2, 
 
 1861 
 
 William Currie, 
 
 Sept. 
 
 6, 
 
 1808 
 
 Edward Hartshorne, 
 
 July 
 
 6, 
 
 1864 
 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 13, 
 
 1813 
 
 Alfred Stille, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 
 
 1877 
 
 Plunket F.Glentworth 
 
 ,July 
 
 7, 
 
 1818 
 
 William Goodell, 
 
 " 
 
 
 " 
 
 Henry Neill, 
 
 " 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 
 1880 
 
 Edwin A. Atlee, 
 
 July 
 
 6, 
 
 1819 
 
 Alfred Stille, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 
 1884 
 
 Joseph Parrish, 
 
 July 
 
 2, 
 
 1822 
 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6, 
 
 1886 
 
 John C. Otto, 
 
 July 
 
 3, 
 
 1823 
 
 
 
 
 
 Censors, Jan. 5, 1887 
 and Samuel Lewis. 
 
 Lewis Rodman, William Goodell, Alfred Stille, 
 
 * Of Northumberland. 
 
 Secretaries — 18 . 
 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Samuel P. Griffitts,* 
 Thomas C. James, 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Joseph Parrish, 
 J. Wilson Moore, 
 Samuel Emlen, 
 Charles D. Meigs, 
 Henry Bond,t 
 
 * Declined reelection. 
 { Declined July, 1854. 
 II Resigned Sept. 21, 1854. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 
 1786 
 
 July 
 
 1, 
 
 1788 
 
 July 
 
 5, 
 
 1796 
 
 July 
 
 6, 
 
 1802 
 
 July 
 
 7, 
 
 1812 
 
 July 
 
 6, 
 
 1819 
 
 July 
 
 4, 
 
 1820 
 
 April 29, 
 
 1828 
 
 Aug. 
 
 27, 
 
 1833 
 
 Elected. 
 
 D. Francis Condie,t Feb. 7, 1843 
 Francis West,^ July 4, 1854 
 
 W.S.W.Ruschenberger,||July 19, 1854 
 Alfred Stille, Oct. 4, 1854 
 
 Edward Hartshorne, Jan. 6, 1858 
 John H. Packard, Jan. 1, 1862 
 
 Wra. G. Porter, Jan. 3, 1877 
 
 Richard A. Cleemann,1[Jan. 1, 1879 
 Isaac Norris, Jr., May 6, 1885 
 
 t Resigned Jan. 3, 1843. 
 g Declined to accept. 
 ^ Resigned May, 1885. 
 
 13
 
 194 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Treasurers — 7. 
 
 ElecUd. 
 
 Gerardus Clarkson, Oct. 1786 
 
 Samuel Duffield, Oct. 5, 1790 
 
 Benjamin Say, Apr. 1, 1791 
 
 Thomas C. James, July 4,1809 
 * Declined reelection July 17, 1838. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 J. Wilson Moore,* July 25, 1825 
 J. Rodman Paul, July 2, 1839 
 
 Charles Stewart Wurts, Nov. 21, 1877 
 
 John Bell was elected Oct. 2, 1838, but 
 
 refusing the oflSce, Dr. Moore was reelected 
 
 Librarians — 8. 
 
 Elerted. 
 
 Nicholas B. Waters,* Mar. 6, 1792 
 
 Michael Leib, Nov. 6, 1792 
 
 T. Hewson Bache, Jan. 3, 1855 
 
 C. S. Boker, Jan. 6, 1864 
 
 J. H. Slack, 
 Robert Bridges,! 
 Frank Woodbury,^ 
 Charles t. Fisher,^ 
 
 Honorary Librarian, James.^utchinson, Jan. 3, 1883. 
 Assist, in the library. Miss Emily Thomas, Jan. 30, 1883. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Jan. 4, 1865 
 
 Jan. 1, 1868 
 
 Mar. 3, 1881 
 
 July 1882 
 
 * Drs. Waters and Leib were volunteers. The library was in charge of the 
 censors, till 1834. Then the standing committee on the library was created, the 
 chairman of which was regarded as librarian. The office was created in 1854, 
 and the first librarian elected Jan. 3, 1855. 
 
 t Resigned March 1, 1881. + Resigned July 5, 1882. 
 
 ^ Mr. Charles f. Fisher was engaged temporarily, and continued to be As- 
 sistant Librarian. 
 
 Councillors — 25. 
 
 Wilson Jewell, Jan. 
 Francis W. Lewis, 
 Squire Littell, 
 Alfred Stille, 
 Ellerslie Wallace, 
 Francis West, 
 
 Caspar Morris, Jan. 
 W.S. W.Ruschenberger, Jan. 
 James H. Hutchinson, Jan. 
 
 John S. Parry, June 
 
 William S. Forbes, Jan. 
 
 H. Lenox Hodge, Mar. 
 
 John H. Brinton, Jan. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 6, 1864 
 
 1, 1868 
 
 6, 1869 
 
 1, 1873 
 
 2, 1875 
 
 3, 1877 
 
 7, 1877 
 2, 1878 
 
 James Tyson, 
 Wharton Sinkler, 
 Louis Starr, 
 S. Weir Mitchell, 
 S. W. Gross, 
 J. C. Wilson, 
 I. Minis Hays, 
 Arthur V. Meigs, 
 Rich'd A. Cleemann, 
 William Thomson, 
 Charles W. Dulles, 
 Morris J. Lewis, 
 
 Jan 
 
 ElecUd 
 4, 
 
 1882 
 
 (1 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Jan 
 
 3. 
 
 1883 
 1884 
 
 Nov. 
 Jan. 
 
 1885 
 
 t( 
 
 1886 
 (( 
 
 3, " 
 
 5, 1887 
 
 New appointments are made only when vacancies occur. 
 Councillors, Jan. 1887, Charles W. Dulles, Arthur V. Meigs, Richard A. 
 Cleemann, William Thomson, Morris J. Lewis, James Tyson.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Recorders — 3. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Edward Ehoads, Jan, 5, 1870 J. Ewing Mears, 
 
 Frederick W. Lewis, " 4, 1871 
 
 195 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1872 
 
 John Neill, 
 William Hunt, 
 
 Curators of the Mtseum — 4. 
 
 Elected. Elected. 
 
 Oct. 2, 1849 John H. Packard, Jan. 2, 1861 
 
 Jan. 6,1858 Thomas Gr. Morton, Jan. 1,1862 
 
 Curators of the Mutter Museum — 4. 
 
 Elected. Elected. 
 
 Thomas Gr. Morton, June 3, 1863 WiUiam Hunt, temp., Feb. 1874 
 T. Hewson Bache,* Jan. 3, 1866 Guy Hinsdale (act'g), Nov. 1885 
 
 * Declined reelection Jan. 1884. Dr. Hinsdale was Curator Jan. 1887. 
 
 Standing Committees — 26. 
 
 Lib7-ary Co77imittee. — 27. 
 
 John Jones, 
 Caspar Wistar, 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, 
 Thomas Parke, 
 J. Wilson Moore, 
 William S. Coxe, 
 Simon A Wickes, 
 Henry Bond, 
 Squire Littell, 
 Francis West, 
 Benjamin H. Coates 
 J. Wilson Moore, 
 William Pepper, 
 John J . Reese, 
 Francis West, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 June 3, 1788 
 
 Mar. 
 Oct. 
 
 1789 
 1834 
 
 Oct. 6, 1835 
 Aug. 1, 1837 
 June 6, 1843 
 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 S. Paul Lajus, 
 Thos. F. Betton,t 
 W. F. Atlee, 
 Alfred Stille, 
 Robert Bridges, I 
 John Ashhurst, Jr. 
 I. Minis Hays, 
 S. \V. Gross, 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 June 19, 1854 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 1855 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4, 1860 
 
 Jan. 
 
 2, 1861 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6, 1864 
 
 June 
 
 1 i 
 
 6, 1866 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1, 1873 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 1883 
 
 (( 
 
 (1 
 
 (I 
 
 (( 
 
 Jan. 
 
 7, 1885 
 
 Mar. 
 
 4, 1885 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6, 1886 
 
 " " Morris Longstreth, 
 
 June, 1844* S. Weir Mitchell, 
 June 2, 1846 George C Harlan, 
 
 " William Osier, 
 June 1, 18471 
 
 Jan. 1887. Library Committee consisted of I. Minis Haj'S, Samuel W. 
 Gross, Morris Longstreth, George C Harlan, and William Osier, with the 
 Honorary Librarian ex officio. 
 
 * Second election. 
 X Resigned Oct. 1860. 
 
 f Second elecliori. 
 
 § Number of committee increased to five.
 
 196 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Committee on Publication — 27 
 Elected. 
 
 May, 1793 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Francis G-. Smith, Nov. 1, 1854 
 
 Saml.L. Hollingsworth, " " 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1841 
 
 Andrew Eoss,* 
 
 Caspar Wistar, 
 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, 
 
 Michael Leib, 
 
 William Currie, 
 
 John H. Gibbons, 
 
 Benjamin Rush, 
 
 William Shippen, Jr. 
 
 D. Francis Condie, 
 
 Isaac Parrish, 
 
 John Bell, 
 
 Samuel Jackson, 
 
 Alfred Stille, 
 
 W.S.W.Kuschenberger, " " 
 
 Jan. 1887. The Committee consisted of James H. Hutchinson, Robert P. 
 Harris, Arthur V. Meigs, and the Recorder ex officio. 
 
 * The first three were to prepare the " copy," the second three to superintend 
 the publication, and Drs. Rush, Shippen, and GrifStts to write a preface, of the 
 first volume of the Transactions. 
 
 1846 
 Nov. 5, 1853 
 
 R. P. Thomas, 
 Henry Hartshorne, 
 W. F. Atlee, 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 John Ashhurst, Jr., 
 James H. Hutchinson, 
 I. Minis Hays, 
 Roberts Bartholow, 
 Robert P. Harris, 
 Arthur V. Meigs 
 
 Nov. 
 
 V, 
 
 1S60 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1 1 
 
 6, 
 
 1864 
 
 June 
 
 1, 
 
 1864 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4, 
 
 1865 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1, 
 
 1868 
 
 1 i 
 
 
 1873 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4, 
 
 1882 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 
 
 1883 
 
 Jan. 
 
 2 
 
 1884 
 
 Moreton Stille, 
 Edward Hallowell, 
 Isaac Parrish, 
 Edward Hartshorne, 
 
 Covimittee on the Museum, — 8. 
 
 Elected. 
 Oct. 2, 1849 
 
 Jan. 7, 1857 
 
 William Hunt, 
 R. P. Thomas, 
 William Gobrecht, 
 James Darrach, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Jan. 7, 1857 
 
 Jan. 6, 1858 
 Jan. 2, 1861 
 
 Com.77iittee on the Miitter Museum. — 5. 
 E lected. 
 
 Jan. 6. 1863 John H. Brinton, 
 " " Morris Longstreth, 
 
 ElecUd. 
 
 Nov. 7, 1878 
 Jan. 6, 1886 
 
 J. R. Paul, 
 William Hunt 
 S. Weir Mitchell, 
 
 Jan. 1887. Committee consisted of William Hunt, John H. Brinton, and 
 Morris Longstreth. 
 
 Coinm,ittee on Lectures — 9. 
 Elecud. 
 
 Jan. 6, 1864 
 
 George B. AVood, 
 
 S. D. Gro.«s, 
 
 Joseph Leidy, 
 
 George W. Norris, 
 
 Franklin Bache, " " 
 
 Jan. 1887. Drs. Leidy, Goodell, Norris, Packard, constituted the com 
 mittee. 
 
 D. Francis Condie, 
 William Goodell, 
 William F. Norris, 
 John H. Packard, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 June 1, 1864 
 Jan. 4, 1871 
 May 5, 1875 
 July 2, 1879
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 197 
 
 Hall Committee — 17. 
 
 
 Elected. 
 
 
 Elected 
 
 !, 
 
 Isaac Hays, 
 
 July 
 
 1, 
 
 1863 
 
 T. Hewson Bache, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1, 
 
 1873 
 
 Edward Hartshorne, 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Robert P. Harris, 
 
 May 
 
 5, 
 
 1875 
 
 J. Rodman Paul, 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 R. H. Alison, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4, 
 
 1882 
 
 George W. Norris, 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 William S. Forbes, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3, 
 
 1883 
 
 George Fox, 
 
 (( 
 
 
 
 H. Y. Evans, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 2, 
 
 1884 
 
 Franklin Bache, 
 
 1 c 
 
 
 
 J. Ewing Mears, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 ") 
 
 1885 
 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6, 
 
 1864 
 
 Morris J. Lewis, 
 
 a 
 
 
 {. 1 
 
 J). Francis Condie, 
 
 I ( 
 
 
 (t 
 
 William B. Hopkins, 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 " 
 
 Caspar Morris, 
 
 u 
 
 4, 
 
 1871 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 1887. The committee consisted 
 Lewis, and Hopkins. 
 
 of Drs. Evans, Bache, Mears, M. J. 
 
 Committee on Finance — 5. 
 
 Appointed. Appointed. 
 
 Dec. 7, 1882 W.S.W.Kusclienberger,Jan. 3, 1883 
 
 " " John Ashhurst, Jr., Jan. 1886 
 
 " WiUiam F. Norris, Feb. 1887 
 
 George Fox, 
 Caspar Wister, 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 
 Jan. 1887. The Committee consisted of Drs. Ruschenberger, Wister, and 
 Ashhurst, with the President and Treasurer ex officio. 
 
 Com.mittee on the Directory for Nurses — 8. 
 
 S. Weir Mitchell, 
 W. W. Keen, 
 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 John H. Brinton, 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Feb. 1, 1881 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Robt. P. Harris, Feb. 1, 1882 
 
 Albert H. Smith, Mar. 1, 1882 
 
 Wharton Sinkler, Jan. 2, 1884 
 
 J. C. Wilson, Jan. 5, 1887 
 
 Jan. 1887. The Committee consisted of Drs. Keen, Sinkler, and Wilson. 
 
 Com.mittee on Entertainments — 9. 
 
 Samuel W. Gross,* 
 W. W. Keen, 
 Richard J. Dunglison, 
 Rich'd A. Cleemann, 
 J. Ewing Mears, 
 
 Jan. 1887. The committee consisted of Drs. Cleemann, Starr, Keating, and 
 Taylor, with the President ex. officio. 
 
 * Resigned from the Committee March 5, 1884. 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 
 App 
 
 ointed. 
 
 Jan. 2. 
 
 1884 
 
 J. Murray Chester, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1886 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 Louis Starr, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 3, 1886 
 
 (( 
 
 i( 
 
 John M. Keating, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1887 
 
 " 
 
 it. 
 
 J. Madison Taylor, 
 
 " 
 
 <( 
 
 Mar. 5, 
 
 " 
 
 

 
 198 APPENDIX. 
 
 Committee on William F. Jenks Prize — 3. 
 
 Appointed. Appointed. 
 
 Ell wood Wilson, Jan. 1886 Theophilus Parvin, Jan. 1886 
 
 Robert P. Harris, " " 
 
 Jan. 1887. The committee consisted of Drs. Wilson, Harris, and Parvin. 
 
 Mrs. Helen C. Jenks, in order to found a memorial of her late husband, 
 William F. Jenks, M.D., in November, 1885, confided to the custody of three 
 trustees, Drs. James H. Hutchinson, James V. Ingham, and W. S. W. 
 Ruschenberger, and their successors, five thousand dollars to be invested, the 
 income thereof to be used for the payment of a Prize to be awarded, once in 
 every three years from Jan. 1, 1886, to the author of the best dissertation 
 upon obstetrics, or upon the diseases of women and children, by a committee 
 to be appointed by the president of the College of Phj'sicians of Philadel- 
 ]jhia. For details, see Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., page xxxi. vol. 8, 1886. 
 
 • Standing CojnvmrEES from 1834 to 1851. 
 
 Committee on Public Hygiene. 
 
 Oct. 7, 1834. John Bell, William Darrach, Ed. Y. Howell, Joseph Togno. 
 
 Oct. 6, 1835. John Bell, Thomas T. Hewson, John C. Otto, Joseph 
 Parrish. 
 
 Aug. 2, 1836-39. John Bell, D. Francis Condie, Thos. T. Hewson, John 
 C. Otto, Joseph Parrish. 
 
 July 7, 1840. John Bell, until Jan. 6, 1851, when this and the six following 
 committees were abolished : 
 
 Committee on the Theory and Practice of Medicine. 
 
 Oct. 1834, 35. Benj. H. Coates, Wm. W. Gerhard, John C. Otto, Caspar 
 W. Pennock. In 1836, Thomas Stewardson was added to the committee. 
 
 1837. A. Bournonville, Squire Littell, J. Rodman Paul, John Revere, F. 
 A. Vandj'ke were added, and in 1838 Robley Dunglison. 
 
 1839. A. Bournonville, James H. Bradford, W.D. Brinckle, B. H. Coates, 
 Robley Dunglison, Wm. W. Gerhard, Ed. Hallowell, Samuel Jackson (North- 
 umberland), Squire Littell, C. W. Pennock, Edward Peace, William Pepper, 
 John Revere, Thomas Stewardson, Fred. Turnpenny, F. A. Vandyke, Rush 
 Yandj'ke, Francis West. 
 
 July, 1840. Benj. H. Coates. 
 
 June, 1841. Samuel Jackson (Northumberland) till Jan. 6, 1851 (except- 
 ing the year 1848, when B. H. Coates served. 
 
 Committee on Surgery. 
 
 Oct. 1835. William Ashmead, Reynell Coates, Joseph Hartshorne, who 
 declined in Nov., Joseph Pancoast, Thos. H. Ritchie, Joseph Togno. I
 
 APPENDIX. 19.9 
 
 1836, George Fox, Isaac Hays, Thomas D. Miittcr were added, and in Nov. 
 Joseph Pancoast was appointed Chairman, vice Kitchie, deceased. In 1837, 
 Isaac Parrish and John T. Sharpless ; in 1838, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 and in 1839, Thos. S. Kirkbride, George McClellan, and Jacob llandolph were 
 added. 1840, Joseph Pancoast. 1841, 1848, G. W. Norris. 1842-47-49 
 till Jan., 51, Isaac Parrish. , 
 
 Committee on Midwifery. 
 
 Oct. 1834-35. Lewis P. Gebbard, R. M. Huston, Chas. D. Meigs, John 
 Moore, John Ruan. In 1836, John Moore is omitted ; David Rutter was 
 added in 1837, and in 1839 Theophilus E. Beesley, B. D. Neill, J. R. Paul, 
 Joseph Warrington. 
 
 July, 1840 and 41. Charles D. Meigs ; 1842-43, Hugh L. Hodge. 
 
 Aug. 1844-47. Joseph Warrington. 
 
 June, 1848. John D. Griscom until Jan. 1851. 
 
 Committee on the Diseases of Women. 
 
 July, 1840 and 41. R. M. Huston; 1842 and 43, Joseph Warrington; 
 1844, Hugh L. Hodge. 
 1845, 46, 47. Henry Bond. 
 
 1848. Lewis Rodman till Jan. 1851. 
 
 Committee on the Diseases of Children. 
 
 Oct. 1834 and 35. Theophilus E. Beesley, Hugh L. Hodge, Charles Lukens, 
 Henry Neill; 1836, J. Marshall Paul; 1837, Charles Noble; and 1838, J. 
 R. Paul were added. 
 
 1839. Hugh L. Hodge, Charles Lukens, Henry Neill, Charles Noble. 
 
 1840. Henry Neill. 
 
 1841-47. D. Francis Condie ; 1848, Edward Hallowell. 
 
 1849. D. Francis Condie till Jan. 1851. 
 
 Committee on Materia Medica and Pharmacy. 
 
 Oct. 1834-35. Franklin Bache, George Fox, John K. Mitchell, George B. 
 Wood. 
 
 1836. George Fox was omitted. 1839, Joseph Carson was added. 
 
 1840-41. George B. Wood; 1842, Franklin Bache; 1843-45, Joseph Car- 
 son ; 1846, Francis West; 1848, Joseph Carson till Jan. 1851. 
 
 Committee on Meteorology and Ejndemics. 
 
 March 6, 1787. John Carson, William Clarkson, Saml. P. Griffitts, James 
 Hall, John Morris. 
 Jan. 4, 1790 till Nov. 1792, Nicholas B. Waters. 
 Nov. 6, 1792. Thomas Parke.
 
 200 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 After the publication of the Transactions in 1793, the committee is not 
 mentioned in the minutes. 
 
 Oct. 7, 1834. Nathaniel Chapman, R. La Roche. 
 
 Oct. 6, 1835. William Darrach, Thomas T. Hewson, J. W. Moore, J. Mar- 
 shall Paul, Thos Stewardson. 
 
 Aug. 1836-39. Wm. Darrach, Thos. T. Hewson, J. W. Moore. 
 
 July, 1840-42. J. W. Moore ; 1843, Wm. Darrach. 
 
 1844-47. J. W. Moore; 1848, Governeur Emerson. 
 
 1849. Henry Gibbons. 
 
 1850-54. W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 
 
 1855-63. Wilson Jewell. 
 
 1864-66. James M. Corse. 
 
 1866-73. W. Lehman Wells. 
 
 1874-80. Richard A. Cleemann. 
 
 1881 (April). Joseph G. Richardson till the committee was abolished 
 in 1882. 
 
 Committee on the Pharmacopceia , fi-om 1788 to 1798. 
 
 John Redman, 
 John Jones, 
 Adam Kuhn, 
 Thomas P. James, 
 
 William Shippen, Jr., 
 Benjamin Rush, 
 Saml. P. Griffitts, 
 Benjamin S. Barton, 
 
 Caspar Wistar, 
 James Hutchinson, 
 Thomas Parke. 
 
 Samuel P. Grifi&tts, 
 Thomas C. James, 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 Joseph Hartshorne, 
 George B. Wood, 
 Franklin Bache, 
 George B. Wood, 
 Franklin Bache, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 George B. Wood, . 
 J. Carson, 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Sept. 4, 1821 
 
 April 29,1828 
 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1829 
 
 1, 1848 
 
 1868 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Robert Bridges, Feb. 1868 
 
 Horatio C. Wood, 
 
 W.S.W.Ruschenberger,Sept. 5, 1877 
 
 Robt. Bridges, 
 
 John B. Biddle, 
 
 H. C. Wood, 
 
 R. J. Dunglison, 
 
 I. Minis Hays, Oct. 25, " 
 
 Samuel Lewis, Dec. 14, " 
 
 Theodore G. Wormley, June 8, 1878 
 
 John J. Reese, March 1879 
 
 A j'ear or two previously to each decennial revision of the pharmacopoeia, 
 a committee was appointed, by the college, to revise the last edition of the 
 work, and suggest such amendments as it might deem proper to be made 
 under the authority of the National Convention at its next meeting.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 201 
 
 Delegates to the National Convention for Revising the Pharmacopceia. 
 
 Thomas Parke, 
 Thomas T. Hewson, 
 George B. Wood, 
 Franklin Bache, 
 Franklin Bache, 
 Henry Bond, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 Henry Bond, 
 Francis West, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 1820 
 (( 
 
 1830 
 1840 
 
 1850 
 
 George B. Wood, 
 Robert Bridges, 
 R. P. Thomas, 
 George B. Wood, 
 Robert Bridges, 
 Horatio G. Wood, 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 Alfred Stille, 
 I. Minis Hays, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 1860 
 
 1870 
 
 Delegates to the Pennsylvania State Convention, elected. Feb. 8, 1848. 
 
 Joseph Carson, 
 Victor L. Godon, 
 John D. Griscom, 
 Samuel Jackson. 
 
 Isaac Hays, 
 Rene La Roche, 
 Squire Littell, 
 
 J. Forsyth Meigs, 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 F. Gurney Smith, 
 
 Delegates to the National (Quarantine and Sanitary Convention. 
 
 Elected April J, 1857. 
 
 Rene La Roche, John Bell, Governeur Emerson, 
 
 Edward Hartshorne, D. Francis Condie. 
 
 R^ne La Roche, 
 Edward Hartshorne, 
 
 Elected March 3, 1858. 
 
 John Bell, 
 
 D. Francis Condie. 
 
 Governeur Emerson, 
 
 R. La Roche, 
 John Bell. 
 
 Wilson Jewell, 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger 
 
 Elected April 6, 1859. 
 Wilson Jewell, W.S.W.Ruschenberger, 
 
 Elected in 1860. 
 John Bell, 
 
 Wm. Maybury, 
 
 Delegates to the International Medical Congress at Paris, elected May 1, 1867. 
 
 William F. Norris, John L. Le Conte, Wilson Jewell, 
 
 Francis W. Lewis.
 
 202 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Delegates to the Centennial Medical Commission and International Medical 
 
 John Ashhurst, Jr., 
 T. Hewson Bache, 
 John H. Brinton, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 Richard A. Cleemann, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 Horace Y. Evans, 
 
 Congress of 1876, elected June 
 
 W. H. Ford, 
 W. K. Gilbert, 
 S. W. Gross, 
 Ed. Hartshorne, 
 I. Minis Ha3"s, 
 William Hunt, 
 W. W. Keen, 
 
 2, 1875. 
 
 Thos. S. Kirkbride, 
 J. Ewing Mears, 
 George K. Morehouse, 
 Wm. F. Xorris, 
 Jacob Roberts, 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger 
 Horatio C. Wood. 
 
 Dr. Caspar Wister, Treasurer of the International Medical Congress of 
 1876, transferred to the College, February 4, 1880, the residuary fund of the 
 Congress, $800, to establish the International Medical Congress Trust, the 
 income thereof to be applied to the illustration of the Transactions of the 
 College. 
 
 Delegates to the American Medical Association. 
 
 Appointed December 1, 184fi. — 17. 
 
 Robert Bridges, Isaac Hays, J. W. Moore, 
 
 H. Bond, Thomas T. Hewson, J. Rodman Paul, 
 
 D. F. Condie, Saml. Jackson, Wm. Pepper, 
 
 George Fox, Caspar Morris, Jacob Randolph. 
 
 Alfred Stille, and C. D. Meigs, February 8, 1847. Joseph Carson, Chas. 
 R. King, and Rene La Roche, May 4, 1847. 
 
 Henry Bond, 
 D. F. Condie, 
 George Fox, 
 Isaac Hays, 
 
 Henry Bond, 
 D. F. Condie, 
 Governeur Emerson, 
 George Fox, 
 
 Appointed February 1, 1848 — 10. 
 
 Samuel Jackson, William Pepper, 
 
 Chas. D. Meigs, Alfred Stille, 
 
 J. Rodman Paul, Charles R. King. 
 
 Elected February, 1849—10. 
 
 Isaac Hays, 
 Saml. Jackson, 
 G. W. Norris, 
 
 Elected January, 1850 — 12. 
 
 A. Stille, 
 Francis West, 
 G. B. Wood. 
 
 B. H. Coates, R. La Roche, 
 
 Charles Evans, Chas. D. Meigs, 
 
 Saml. L. HoUingsworth, Casper Morris, 
 Wm. H. Klapp, W. Byrd Page, 
 
 J. Rodman Paul, 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 F. Gurney Smith.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 203 
 
 Joseph Carson, 
 D. F. Condie, 
 George Fox, 
 Isaac Hays, 
 
 Gr. Emerson, 
 
 J. D. Grriscom, 
 
 Isaac Haj's, 
 
 S. L. Hollingsworth, 
 
 R. La Roche, 
 
 William Ashmead, 
 John Bell, 
 Henry Bond, 
 Robert Bridges, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 
 John B. Biddle, 
 Robt. Bridges, 
 James M. Greene, 
 John D. Griscom, 
 
 Franklin Bache, 
 John B. Biddle, 
 Robt. A. Given, 
 P. B. Goddard, 
 
 Franklin Bache, 
 J. B. Biddle, 
 Henry Hartshorne, 
 Wm. V. Keating, 
 
 Franklin Bache, 
 Thomas Dillard, 
 W. W. Gerhard, 
 D. Gilbert, 
 
 Elected February 4, 1851—12. 
 Caspar Morris, J. R. Paul, 
 
 John Neill, 
 George W. Norris, 
 W. Byrd Page, 
 
 Wm. Pepper, 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 Elected March 2, 1852—14. 
 
 John Neill, A. E. Stocker, 
 
 J. R. Paul, F. West, 
 
 W.S.W. Ruschenberger, Caspar Wister, 
 
 F. G. Smith, Geo. B. Wood. 
 A. Stillo, 
 
 Elected February, 1853—15. 
 
 Gov. Emerson, Isaac Hays, 
 
 Charles Evans, R. La Roche, 
 
 George Fox, J. R. Paul, 
 
 Ed. Hallowell, W. S.W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 Ed. Hartshorne, 
 
 Alfred Stille. 
 
 Elected February 1, 1854 — 12. 
 
 Isaac Hays, John Neill, 
 
 S. L. Hollingsworth, L. Rodman, 
 
 Saml. Lewis, F. G. Smith, 
 
 C. D. Meigs, Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 Elected February 7, 1855- 
 
 Ed. Hartshorne, 
 Bernard Henry, 
 John Neill, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 
 -12. 
 
 J. R. Paul, 
 Francis G. Smith, 
 Francis West, 
 Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 Elected February 6, 1856—12. 
 
 C. D. Meigs, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 W. Byrd Page, 
 J. R. Paul, 
 
 Alfred Stille, 
 R. P. Thomas, 
 Geo. B. Wood, 
 Thos. H. Yardley. 
 
 Elected April 1, 1857—12. 
 
 Ed. Hartshorne, C D. Meigs, 
 
 S. L. Hollingsworth, 
 Jos- Hopkinson, 
 B. S. Janney, 
 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 Francis West, 
 Geo. B. Wood.
 
 204: 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Thos. F. BettoD, 
 John B. Biddle, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 Isaac Hays, 
 S. L. HolUngsworth, 
 
 Addinell Hewson, 
 S. L. Hollingsworth, 
 William Hunt, 
 R. La Roche, 
 S. W. Mitchell, 
 
 James M. Corse, 
 Henry E. Drayton, 
 James M. Greene, 
 Addinell Hewson, 
 
 On account of the 
 1861-62. 
 
 W. F. Atlee, 
 Charles S. Boker, 
 Joseph Carson, 
 J. M. Corse, 
 
 D. F. Condie, 
 J. M. DaCosta, 
 Augustine H. Fish, 
 D. Gilbert, 
 H. Lenox Hodge, 
 
 D. F. Condie, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 S. D. Gross, 
 J. H. Hutchinson, 
 Wilson Jewell, 
 
 Augustine H. Fish, 
 
 Isaac Hays, 
 
 C. Percy La Roche, 
 
 Squire Littell, 
 
 J. H. B. McClellan, 
 
 Elected March 3, 1858—13. 
 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 J. R. Paul, 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger 
 Francis West, 
 Caspar Wister, 
 Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 Elected April 6, 1859—13. 
 
 J. R. Paul, R. H. Townsend, 
 
 James E. Rhoads, E. Wallace, 
 
 W.S.W. Ruschenberger, Caspar Wister, 
 
 A. Stille, Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 Elected April 4, 1860— ] 2. 
 Wm. Hunt, J. R. Paul, 
 
 Squire Littell, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 Caspar Morris, Francis West, 
 
 Geo. W. Norris, Caspar Wister. 
 
 disturbed state of the country no meetings were held in 
 
 Elected May 6, 1863—12. 
 George Fox, 
 J. Cheston Morris, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 John H. Packard, 
 
 Elected May 4, 1864—13. 
 
 J. H. Hutchinson, 
 John F. Lamb, 
 Squire Littell, 
 S. W. Mitchell, 
 
 J. R. Paul, 
 Alfred M. Slocum, 
 W. D. Stroud, 
 Caspar Wister. 
 
 John J. Reese, 
 Lewis Rodman, 
 A. M. Slocum, 
 W. D. Stroud. 
 
 Elected April 5, 1865—14. 
 
 J. J. Levick, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 Wm. Maybury, Alfred M. Slocum, 
 
 Caspar Morris, R. H. Townsend, 
 
 Geo. W. Norris, Owen J. Wister. 
 John H. Packard, 
 
 Elected April 11, 1866—14. 
 W. Maybury, R. H. Townsend, 
 
 S. W. Mitchell, W. L. Wells, 
 
 J. C. Morris, Caspar Wister, 
 
 Geo. W. Norris, Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 A. StiUe,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 205 
 
 W. F. Atlee, 
 W. S. Forbes, 
 F. H. Getchell, 
 D. Gilbert, 
 S. D. Gross, 
 
 Elected April 3, 1867—15. 
 L. D. Harlow, 
 H. Lenox Ilodge, 
 Wm. Hunt, 
 J. F. Lamb, 
 J. J. Levick, 
 
 Wm. May bury, 
 A. Nebinger, 
 A. M. Slocum, 
 A. Stille, 
 Caspar Wister. 
 
 Elected April 15, 1868—16. 
 
 S. L. Hollingsworth, 
 J. J. Levick, 
 Samuel Lewis, 
 S. W. Mitchell, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 
 John Ashhurst, Jr., 
 T. Hewson Bache, 
 D. Francis Condie, 
 Emil Fischer, 
 G. P. Gebhard, 
 Ed. Hartshorne, 
 
 Appointed by the Council April 
 
 T. H. Bache, Ed. Hartshorne, 
 
 John H. Brinton, Isaac Hays, 
 
 D. Murray Cheston, C. D. Meigs, 
 
 D. F. Condie, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 A. D. Hall. 
 
 John Ashhurst, Jr., 
 John H. Brinton, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 H. Lenox Hodge, 
 William Hunt, 
 
 John M. Adler, 
 John H. Brinton, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 Wm. Goodell, 
 Saml. D. Gross, 
 Wm. S. Halsey, 
 
 S. W. Mitchell, 
 Caspar Morris, 
 
 J. H. Packard, 
 
 L. Rodman, 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 A. M. Slocum, 
 
 Caspar Wister. 
 
 9, 1869—16. 
 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 John H. Packard, 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 Alfred Stille, 
 George B. Wood, 
 
 Elected April 6, 1870—15. 
 
 J. Ewing Meats, 
 J. C. Morris, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 J. H. Packard, 
 Wm. Pepper, 
 
 Elected April, 1871—18. 
 
 Horace B. Hare, 
 0. A. Judson, 
 W. W. Keen, 
 S. W. Mitchell, 
 W. F. Norris, 
 Isaac Ray, 
 
 Elected April 3, 1872—20. 
 
 J. G. Richardson, 
 F. G. Smith, 
 A. Stille, 
 W. L. Wells, 
 Caspar Wister. 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 F. G. Smith, 
 
 A. Stille, 
 
 Ralph M. Townsend, 
 
 Richard H. Townsend, 
 
 Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 John H. Ashhurst, Jr., A. Douglas Hall, 
 
 T. Hewson Bache, 
 Robert Bridges, 
 J. M. Da Costa, 
 Horace Y. Evans, 
 R. J. Dunglison, 
 Ed. Hartshorne, 
 
 S. B. Howell, 
 Wm. Hunt, 
 F. F. Maury, 
 J. H. Packard, 
 B. H. Rand, 
 Isaac Ray, 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 F. G. Smith, 
 
 A. Stille, 
 
 R. H. Townsend, 
 
 EUerslie Wallace, 
 
 H. C. Wood, Jr.
 
 206 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 D. Hayes Agnew, 
 John Ashhurst Jr., 
 Joseph Carson, 
 J. SoUs Cohen, 
 Sanil. D. Gross, 
 W. F. Jenks, 
 W. W. Keen, 
 
 Harrison Allen, 
 Charles S. Boker, 
 C. H. Burnett, 
 Richard A. Cleemann, 
 L. A. Duhring, 
 Horace Y. Evans, 
 
 Elected April 2, 1873—19. 
 
 Joseph Leidy, 
 J. Aitkin Meigs, 
 Geo. W. Norris, 
 Joseph Pancoast, 
 J. S. Parry, 
 Wm. Pepper, 
 
 Elected April 2, 1874—1' 
 
 WiUiain Goodell, 
 Samuel D. Gross, 
 H. Lenox Hodge, 
 James V. Ingham, 
 J. Ewing Mears, 
 J. Aitkin Meigs, 
 
 Isaac Ray, 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 
 Wm. Thomson, 
 
 Ellerslie Wallace, 
 
 George B. Wood, 
 
 H. C. Wood, Jr. 
 
 W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 
 F. G. Smith, 
 A. Stille, 
 W. L. Wells, 
 H. C. Wood. 
 
 At the meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, 
 Michigan, June, 1874, the plan of organization was amended so that only 
 State, County, and District medical societies are entitled to be represented 
 in it.
 
 ROLL OF FELLOWS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 Elected during the Century ending January, 1887. 
 
 * Died while a fellow, d . 
 t Resigued, Res. 
 
 g Forfeited fellowship by negligence of timely 
 payment of annual contributions, Ft. 
 N R., Non-resident, 
 b., born. 
 P., President. 
 V P., Vice-President. 
 
 Abbreviations. 
 
 Sec , Secretary. 
 Sect., Section. 
 Comp., Companion. 
 Constit., Constituent member. 
 Milit , Military. 
 
 The date placed immediately after a name ia 
 the date of election. 
 
 . following a title, signifies that it is still 
 
 held. 
 
 FELLOWS. 
 
 Abbott, Griffith E. Oct. 1883. b. Feb. 7, 1850. 
 
 A.B. 1871, A.M. 1874, M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa., Ph.D. 1875, Jena. Memb. 
 Chem. Geschel. Berlin 1873 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1878 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Amer. Acad. Med. 1882; Demonstrator Chemistry 
 Med. Dep. Univ. Pa. 1877-79. 
 
 Adler, John M. April, 1870. b. Aug. 9, 1828. 
 
 A.B. 1847, A.M. 1851, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1851, Columbia Coll. Wash- 
 ington, D. C. Phys. Panama R. R. Co. 1852-55 ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 
 1861-65 ; Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1856 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 Agnew, D. Hayes. January, 1859. b. Nov. 24, 1818. 
 
 M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1876, Coll. N. J. ; Lecturer Philad. 
 School Anat., Surg. Philad. Hosp. 1854; Demonstrator Anat. and Asst. 
 Lect. Surgery 1863, Univ. Pa. ; Surg. Wills Hosp. 1864 : Surg. Pa. Hosp. 
 
 1865-71-1877 . ; Orthopcedic Hosp. 1867 ; Prof. Clinical Surg. 1870; 
 
 Prof. Principles and Pract. Surg. 1871 . Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Clinical 
 
 Surgery Univ. Hosp. 1874 ; Consult. Surg. Orthopcedic Hosp., German- 
 town Hosp. 1880 ; Philad. Dispens. ; Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 
 1872, Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872, Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1877 ; Manager 
 
 House of Refuge 1871 . ; Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Prevent. 
 
 Adulterat. of Food, March, 1885 ; Constit. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; 
 Acad. Surg. Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872.
 
 208 APPENDIX. 
 
 Alisox, Robert H. (N. R.) April, 1876. 
 M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Allen, Harrison. January, 1867. b. April 17, 1841. 
 
 M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1862, 
 Corresp. Sec. Feb. 1867-Jan. 1868 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1868 ; 
 Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. 1878 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1864-78, V. P. 
 1877 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1875 ; Biological Soc. Washington, D. C. 
 1880 ; Amer. Laryngological Assoc. 1883, P. 1886 ; Amer. Assoc. Natu- 
 ralists, 1883, P. 1886 ; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1887 ; Historical Soc. 
 Texas 1887 ; Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Comp. Milit. Order Loyal 
 Legion, U. S. 1887 ; Asst. Surg. Wills Hosp. 1868-70 ; Surg. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1870-78 ; St. Joseph's Hosp. 1870-78 ; Prof. Compar. Anat. 
 1865-78, Physiology 1878-85, Emeritus, Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Anat. Philad. 
 Dental Coll. 1867-78. 
 
 *Allex, Jonathax M. July, 1852. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1852; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852. 
 
 Allis, Oscar H. April, 1873. 
 
 M.D. 1866, Jefferson Med. Coll. Attend. Surg. Presbyterian Hosp. 
 and Howard Hosp. 
 
 Andrews, Thomas Hollingsworth. January, 1869. b. Feb. 15, 1843. 
 M.D. 1864, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 1866 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1868 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1869 ; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1870 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1872 ; Obstetrical Soc. 
 Philad. 1878 ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885. Resid. 1864r-66, 
 Surg. Out-patient Dep. 1874-76 Pa. Hosp. ; Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 
 Hosp. 1863; Surg. Howard Hosp. 1868-75; Consult. Surg. Hosp. Good 
 Shepherd, Radnor, Pa. 1872 ; Coroner's Phys. 1874:-77 ; Demonstrator 
 Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1872-79. 
 
 *Annan, William. June, 1796. d. Oct. 4, 1797. 
 
 AsHBRiDGE, Richard, U. S. N. (N. R.) April, 1882. b. July 10, 1854. 
 A.B. 1872, Haverford Coll.; M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *AsHBRiDGE, AVilliam. Jan. 1872. b. March 15, 1846. d. Dec. 13, 1884. 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Surg. Ger- 
 man Hosp. Philad. ; Phys. Out-patients, Pa. Hosp. and Univ. Hosp. 
 
 AsHHURST, John, Jr. July, 1863. b. Aug. 23, 1839. 
 
 A.B. 1857; A.M. M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 
 1861-62; Act. Asst. Surg. U.S.A. 1862-65; Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 
 1868-80, Manager 1880 ; Children's Hosp. 1870 ; Consult. Surg. Hosp.
 
 APPENDIX. 209 
 
 Good Shepherd 1874, St. Christopher's 1875, Woman's Hosp. 1880; 
 
 Prof. Cliuical Surg. Univ. Pa. 1877 . ; Memb. Centennial Med. Com- 
 
 mi,ssion 1875-76 ; V. P. Surg. Sect. International Med. Congr. 1876 ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1861, P. 1870; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1874; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880 ; Constit. Fellow Acad. Surgery 1879 ; Constit. 
 Memb. Amer. Surgical Assoc. 1880; Memb. Historical Soc. Pa. 1859; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1860; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1884. 
 
 AsHHURST, Samuel. April, 1865. b. Sept. 14, 1840. 
 
 M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. ; Board of Health Philad. ; Alumni Soc. Med. Dep. Univ. 
 Pa., Chair. Exec. Comt. 1886 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1867. 
 Act. Assist. Surg. U.S.A. 1863. 
 
 AsHMEAD, William. Jan. 1835. b. July 2, 1801. 
 
 M.D. 1826, Univ. Pa. Surg. Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. Philad. Dispens., 
 Magdalen Asylum, Philad.; xMemb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. 
 
 fAxLEE, Edwin At! CxUSTrs. July, 1815. b. Nov. 16, 1776. Res. Aug. 16, 
 1822. d. March 8, 1852. 
 M.D. 1804, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1819. 
 
 Atlee, Walter Franklin. April, 1857. b. Oct. 12, 1828. 
 
 A.B. 1846, Yale ; M.D. 1850, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 May, 1857; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 *Atlee, Washington L. June, 1846. b. Feb. 22, 1808. d. Sept. 7, 1878. 
 M.D. 1829, Jefferson Med. Coll. Prof. Chemistry Pa. Coll. 1845-53. 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. 1874; P. Med. Soc State Pa. 
 1875; Internat. Med. Congress, 1876; Amer. Med. Assoc 1847, V.P. 
 1876-77; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc State Pa., P. 1874; Con- 
 stit. Amer. G-ynecological Soc ; Phys. Lancaster Co. Hosp. 18 ;4. 
 Treasurer of Commissioners of Lancaster Co. Pa. 
 
 *Bache, Franklin. April, 1829. b. Oct. 25, 1792. d. March 19, 1864. 
 A.B., M.D. 1814, Univ. Pa. Phys. Walnut St. Prison 1824-36 ; East- 
 ern Penitentiary 1829-39. Prof. Chemistry, FrankHn Inst. Pa 1826-32; 
 Philad. Coll. Pharmacy, 1831-41 ; and Jefferson Med. Col!. 1841-64. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1816; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. Dec 1817- 
 Nov. 1822; Amer. Med. Assoc 1847; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1820, 
 Sec. 1825-42, V. P. 1843-52, P. 1853-55; Philad. Co. Med. Soc 1852. 
 
 14
 
 210 APPENDIX. 
 
 Baciie, Thomas Hewson. April, 1852. b. Sept. 16, 1826. 
 
 A.B. 1846, A.M. 1849, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1850, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Pathological Soc 
 Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. Resid. Ph3's. 1852-53 Pa. Hosp.; 
 Surgeon Western Clinic. Infirm. (Howard Hosp.); Attend. Phys. Chil- 
 dren's Hosp. nh origine 1870; Surgeon 17th Reg. Pa. Volunteers 1861 ; 
 U. S. Vols., 1861-65 (Major and Bvt. Lt. Col.) ; Manager and Treasurer 
 Children's Hosp. Philad. ; Director and V. P. Pa. Instit. for the Deaf 
 and Dumb. 
 
 B-\ER, Benjamin F. June, 1883. b. Jan. 29, 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological 
 Soc. Philad.; Obstetrical Soc. Philad., P. 1885-87. Maternity Hosp. 
 Demonstrat. Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa., 1878-85 ; Prof. Obstetrics and 
 Gynecology Philad. Polyclinic 1885 . 
 
 Baker, Washington H. April, 1879. 
 
 M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1876. 
 
 Baldwin, Louis K. April, 1876. b. March 27, 1836. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1870, 
 
 Treasurer, 1883 . ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1871 ; Amer. Med. Assoc, 
 
 1883. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65. Phys. Charity Hosp. 
 1868-70. 
 
 Bartholow, Roberts. Oct. 1879. b. Nov. 18, 1831. 
 
 A.B. 1848, A.M. 1854, M.D. 1852, Univ. Maryland ; LL.D. 1877, Mt. 
 St. Mary's Coll. Emmetsburg, Md. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868 ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1880 ; Philad. Co. 3Ied. Soc. 1880 ; (Honorary) 
 State Med. Societies of Connecticut, of New York, and of Ohio ; Societe 
 Medico-Pratique, Paris ; Richmond Med. Soc. ; Cincinnati Acad. Med. 
 Assist. Surg. U. S. Army 1856-64. Prof. jMat. Med. and Therapeutics 
 1867, afterward Theory and Pract. Med. Med. Coll. Ohio: Prof. Mat. 
 
 Med. Therapeutics and H.vgieue, Jefferson Med. Coll. 1879 . Phys. 
 
 Cholera Hosp., and Hosp. Grood Samaritan, Cincinnati 1866 ; Philad. 
 Hosp. 1886 . 
 
 *Barton, Benjamin Smith. April, 1790. d. Dec. 15, 1815, jet. 48. 
 
 Presid. Philad. Med. Soc. 1808-12. Prof. Mat. Med. and Botany, In- 
 stitutes and Practice, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1789, 
 V. P. 1802-16. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1798-1815. 
 
 IIBarton, William P. C. June, 1815. b. Nov. 17, 1886. ft. Jan. 1822. 
 d. Feb. 29, 1856. 
 
 A.B., Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1808, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1809. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. 1806, Orator 1817 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1813, Sec.
 
 APPENDIX. 211 
 
 1817-20; P. Linnean Soc. Surg. 1st Troop Philad. Cavalry, 1808; 
 Surg. U. S. N. June, 1809, Chief Bureau Med. and Surg. Navy Dep. 
 Sept. 1842-March 31, 1844. Prof. Botany Univ. Pa. 1820 ; Prof. Mat. 
 Med. and Botany, Jeflfeison Med. Coll. 
 
 BauiAI, Charles. Jan. 1883. b. Jan. 1, 1855. 
 
 A.B. 1874, A.M. 1877, Pa. Coll. Gettysburg ; M.D. 1877, Ph.D. 1878, 
 Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1879-80 ; Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 1883. Attend. Phys. Northern Home for Friendless Children, 1878-86 ; 
 Visit. Phys. Northern Dispens. 1881. 
 
 Baxter, Henry F. April, 1873. b. June 26, 1843. 
 
 A.B. 1860, A.M. 1865, Central High School, Philad.; M.D. 1864, Univ. 
 Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1868 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 
 1873- June, 1874 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1876 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. 
 Phys. 3d Poor Dist. 1864-72 ; Vaccine Phys. 3d Dist. 1872-82. 
 
 Beates, Henry, Jr. Nov. 1883. b. Dec. 20, 1857. 
 
 M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Obstet- 
 rical Soc. Philad. 1880; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1884-85, P. ; Pathological 
 Soc. Philad. 1884; Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 
 IIBeecher, a. C. W. Jan. 1874. ft. Nov. 7, 1883. b. March 26, 1845. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1872 ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1873: Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1886, Sec. 1887. 
 Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1867-69. Assist. Demonst. Anat. .Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. 1869-77; Clinic. Lect. Diseases of Women 1869-74; Dist. Phys. 
 Guardians of Poor 1870-74. Demonst. Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1886. 
 
 *Beesley, Theophilus Elmer. Oct. 1832. b. Dec 5, 1796. d. Oct. 17,1867. 
 M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. ; V. P. Philad. Co. 
 
 Med. Soc. 1852. 
 
 *Bell, John. Feb. 1827. b. 1796. d. Aug. 19, 1872. 
 
 M.D. 1817, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1816; Philad. 
 Co. Soc. Jan. 1849, P. 1858 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1832, Councillor 
 1858-64.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47. Lecturer Institutes of Med. 
 Philad. Med. Institute; Prof Med. Inst. Med. Coll. Ohio 2 years. 
 Phys. City Hosp. 1859. 
 
 Benner, Henry D. April, 1860. b. Oct. 7, 1833. 
 
 M.D. 1854, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 Bennet, W. H. April, 1874. 
 
 M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. ; St. Christopher's 
 Hosp.
 
 212 APPENDIX. 
 
 *Berkeley, Carter N. June, 1840. 
 
 ]M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa. Phys. Episcopal Hosp., St. Christopher's 
 Hosp. 
 
 *Bertolet, K. M. July, 1871. 
 
 M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1873. 
 
 *BETroN, Thomas Forrest. June, 1846. b. July 29, 1809. d. May 22, 1875. 
 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1828-Dec. 
 1838 ; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1829, Sec. 1831 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849 ; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849, P. 1854 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1857 ; 
 V. P. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1848. Phys. House of Refuge 1836-37 ; 
 Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Surg. 1st Troop Philad. Cavalry, 
 1833. Prof. Surgery, FrankUn Med. Coll. 1846-48. 
 
 BiDDLE, Alexander AV. Oct. 1884. 
 M.D. 1879, JefiFerson Med. Coll. 
 
 *BiDDLE, John Barclay. Jan. 1851. b. Jan. 3, 1815. d. Jan. 19, 1879. 
 A.B. 1834, St. Mary's Coll., Baltimore ; M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa. Prof. 
 Mat. Med. Franklin Med. Coll. 1846-48 ; Prof. Mat. Med. Pa. Mod. Coll. 
 1842-59 ; Prof. Mat. Med. and Gen. Therapeutics Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 June, ] 865, Dean of the Faculty. Phys. Pa. Instit. Deaf and Dumb 1841 . 
 Phj's. Girard Coll. 1856. Inspector Philad. Co. Prison, P. of Board ; 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1853 ; 
 Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1837, Corres. Sec. 1859 ; P. Assoc. Amer. Med. 
 Colleges ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 
 BiDDLE, Thomas. April, 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. Jan. 1877. 
 
 Black, John Janvier. (N. R.) April, 1866. b. Nov. 6, 1837. 
 
 A.B. Col!. N. J. 1858 ; M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Resid. U. S. Marine 
 Hosp. San Francisco, Cal. 1858-60 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64 ; 
 Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1864-65 ; Trustee for the Poor, New Castle Co. Del. 
 
 1872-78 ; Phys. New Castle Co. Del. Prison 1878 . ; P. Board Trustees 
 
 New Castle Commission 1879; Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1864 ; 
 P. Del. State Med. Soc. 1877 ; Amer. 3Ied. Assoc. 1876; Assist. De- 
 monstrator Anat. Univ. Pa. 1864; P. Farmers' Bank State Del. 1885. 
 
 Boardman, Charles HodCxE. (N. R.) Jan. 1867. b. May 25, 1838. 
 
 A.B. 1859, Yale; M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. 
 Philad.; Ramsey Co. (Minn.) Med. Soc, P. 1876; Minn. State Med. 
 Soc, Record. Sec. 1877 ; Assist. Surg. U. S. V.
 
 APPENDIX, 213 
 
 BoKER, Charles Stewart. July, 1859. b. Oct. 22, 1828. 
 
 A.B. Coll. N. J.; M.R 1852, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. June, 1866. Surg. St. Joseph's Hosp. 
 
 *BoLLES, Lucius S. April, 1871. b. April 21, 1837. d. Aug. 15, 1873. 
 A.B. 1859, Brown Univ. ; M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. June, 1868; Philad. Co. Med. See 1866; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1870 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64; Phys. 
 St. Mary's Hosp. 1868-72. 
 
 IIBOLLING, Robert. July, 1864. b. Dec. 11, 1832. ft. July 3, 1878. 
 
 A.B. Univ. Va. ; M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa.; Memb. Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1860-March '69 ; Assist. Ex. Off. 
 Mower U. S. A. Hosp. 1862 ; Phys. Charity Hosp. 1860 ; St. Joseph's 
 Convent 1861; Bethesda Home 1862 ; Phys. Hosp. for Consumptives 
 Philad. 1886. 
 
 *BoND, Henry. July, 1825. b. March 21, 1790. d. May 4, 1859. 
 
 A.B. 1813, M.D. 1816, Dartmouth Coll. Memb. Honorary, Philad. 
 Med. Soc. 1819, V. P. 1844; Honor. Anatom. Soc. Edinb. 1819; New 
 Hampshire Med. Soc. 1820; Philad. Acad. Med. 1820; Memb. Board 
 of Health Philad. 1833-38, P. 1837-8 ; Philad. Med. Lyceum ; Kappa 
 Lambda Soc. 1823; a Corporator of Philad. Coll. Med. 1835; Constit. 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1847; Constit. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. ; Franklin Instit. Pa. ; Soc. for Alleviating Miseries of 
 Public Prisons ; Corres. New England Hist. Soc; Amer. Statistical Soc; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1830 ; Corres. National Instit. Washington 
 D. C. ; Northern Acad. Arts and Sciences, New Hampshire ; Phys. 
 Philad. Disp. ; Southern Disp. Philad. 1822; Amer. Statistical As.soc. ; 
 New England Historic. Genealogical Soc. ; Amer. Antiquarian Soc. ; 
 Historical Societies of Pa., New York, Maryland, Wisconsin, and Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 *Bournonville, Anthony. May, 1837. b. Aug. 6, 1797. d. Feb. 27, 1863. 
 A.B., A.M., M.D., 1818, Copenhagen, Denmark; 1828, Jefferson 
 Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc Dec. 1 828 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 1852. 
 
 *BoYS, William. Nov. 1798, elected Assoc. 
 
 ^Bradford, James H. Jan. 1839. b. Nov. 4, 1802. d. April 9, 1859. 
 
 M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Phys. Chinese Amer. Hosp. Canton, China, 
 1825-35. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. July, 1839-July, '43. 
 
 Bradford, Tho]vl\s Hewson. April, 1884. b. July 16, 1848. 
 
 M.D. 1874, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. Feb. 1875-
 
 214 APPENDIX. 
 
 Oct. '76; DistrictPhys. Philad. Disp.Nov. 1876-Oct. '79 ; Phys. Charity 
 Hosp. Nov. 1880; Howard Hosp. 1882; Disp. Phys. St. Christopher's 
 Hosp. 18S4; Phys. Children's Hosp. 1886; Gynecologist Out-patient 
 Dept. Pa. Hosp. May, 1887 ; Late Surg. 3d Reg. Inf. N. Gr. P. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1884; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa. 
 
 ^Bridges, Robert. July, 1842. b. March -5, 1806. d. Feb. 20, 1882. 
 
 A.B. 1824, Dickinson Coll. ; M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Nov. 1826 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1835, Libr. 1836-39, 
 Corres. Sec. May, 1840-Dec. '41, V. P. Sept. 1850, Dec. '64, P. Dec. 1864- 
 Dec. '65 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1836 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1844, 
 Councillor 1859-77 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1847 ; Philad. Coll. Pharmacy 1838, Trustee 1839, Prof. General and 
 Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1842-79 ; Prof. Chemistry Franklin Med. 
 Coll. 1846-48. 
 
 *Brinckle, Tho^nias R. Jan. 1845. b. Sept. 20, 1804. d. July 8, 1853. 
 M.D. 1826, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Brinckle, William Draper. May, 1839. b. Feb. 9, 1798. d. Dec. 16, 
 1862. 
 
 A.B. 1816, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Phys. City Hosp. 
 1827-39 ; Buttonwood St. Cholera Hosp. 1832. Memb. Pa. Horticult. Soc. 
 Sept. 1843 ; Honorary Genesee Valley Horticult. Soc. 1852 ; New York 
 Horticult. Soc. Feb. 1853; Constit. Amer. Pomological Soc, P.; Memb. 
 Board of Health, Philad. 1852; Bishop White Prayer Book Soc. 1834. 
 
 Brinton, John H. Oct. 1856. b. May 21, 1832. 
 
 A.B. 1850, A.M. 1853, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1852, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1851 ; Instituent, Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. Oct. 1857; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Philad. Surg. Club 1877; 
 Instituent, Acad. Surg. Philad. April, 1879 ; Instituent, Amer. Surg. 
 Assoc. 1880; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 1886. 
 Surg, and Brigade Surgeon U. S. V. Aug. 1861-March, '65; Lecturer 
 Operat. Surgery 1853-61 ; Principles and Pract. Surgery 1861 ; Philad. 
 Med. Summer Assoc; Operat. Surgery Summer Course Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. 1867-82; Mutter Lecturer on Surgical Pathology (5th Course, Gun- 
 shot Injuries) 1869; Surgeon St. Joseph's Hosp. 1859; Philad. Hosp. 
 
 1867-82; Jefferson Coll. Hosp. 1877 . ; Prof. Practice and of Clinical 
 
 Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1882 . 
 
 Bruen, Edward Tunis. Oct. 1878. b. Aug. 12, 1851. 
 
 Ph.D. 1872, M.D. 1873, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. :\red. Soc 
 1877, V. P. 1886-87; Patholog. Soc Philad. 1874; Amer. Med. Assoc.
 
 APPENDIX. 215 
 
 1880; Climatological Soc. 1884 ; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1885 ; Soc Amer. 
 Phys. 1886. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1874; Assist. Phys. Univ. Hosp. ; 
 Assist, to Prof. Physical Diagnosis Univ. Pa. 1884 ; Lecturer on Pa- 
 thology Woman's Med. Coll. 1878 ; Lately Phys. Out-patient Dept. 
 Children's Hosp. 
 
 tBucK, William Penn. April, 1879. res. Dec. 5, 1883. b. July 22, 1845. 
 M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1875 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1877. 
 
 Bullock, William R. (N. R.) Jan. 1851. b. Oct. 4, 1824. 
 M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Burnett, Charles Henry. July, 1870. b. May 28, 1842. 
 
 A.B. 1864, A.M. 1867, Yale Coll.; M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1867-79 ; Otological Soc. 1872, V. P. 1878-82, 
 P. 1883-85 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1876 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883. 
 Resid. Episcopal Hosp. 1867-68; Aurist Presbyterian Hosp. 1872; 
 Consult. Aurist Pa. Instit. for Deaf and Dumb 1878 ; Prof. Otology 
 Philad. Polyclinic 1883 . 
 
 *BURNS, Robert. Oct. 1875. b. Nov. 7, 1809. d. March 12, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1866, V. P. 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Northern Med. Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1865 ; St. Andrew's Soc. ; Historical Soc. Pa. ; Sydenham Soc. 
 
 *Burpee, David. April, 1863. b. April 14, 1827. d. Sept. 14, 1882. 
 
 M.D. 1851, Pa. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872 Phys. Diseases of the Skin, Howard Hosp. Philad. ; Di- 
 rector U. S. Army Hosp. Race St. Philad. 1862. 
 
 Cadwalader, Charles E. March, 1886. b. Nov. 5, 1889. 
 
 A.B. 1858, A.M., M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. ; Amer. Acad. Med. ; 
 Mut. Aid Assoc. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Phys. Church Home for Chil- 
 dren 1874; Lincoln Instit. 1876; Home for the Homeless 1874 . ; 
 
 Philad. Dispens. 1874 . 
 
 IICaldwell, Charles. July, 1795. ft. Jan. 4, 1803. b. 1772. d. July 9, 
 1853. 
 
 M.D. 1796, Univ. Pa. Prof Geology and Philosophy of Nat. Hist. 
 Univ. Pa. 1815-18; Prof Institutes Med. Transylvania Univ. 1819, and 
 Univ. Louisville. 
 
 *Carson, John. Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 12, 1752. d. Oct. 26, 1794. 
 
 M.D. Univ. Edinb. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786.
 
 216 APPENDIX. 
 
 Surg. 1st Troop Pliilad. Cavalry, May, 1786, July, '88; Phys. Hiber- 
 nian Soc. 1798. Trustee Univ. Pa. 1794. Deputy Grand Master 
 Grand Lodge Pa. 
 
 *Caeson, Joseph. Dec. 1838. b. April 19, 1808. d. Dec. 30, 1876. 
 
 A.B. 1826, M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa.; Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1830-31; 
 Phys. Pa. Hosp, 1849-54; Foster Home 1840; Consult. Phys. Episcopal 
 Hosp. 1852. Prof. Mat. Med. Philad. Coll. Pharmacy 1836-50; Lec- 
 turer Mat. Med. and Pharm. Med. Institute Philad. 1844; Prof. Mat. 
 Med. and Therapeutics Univ. Pa. 1850-76. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 
 Feb. 1828; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1833, Libr. 1834-36, Record. 
 Sec. Dec. 1836-June, '37, V. P. Dec. 1869-Dec. '75 ; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. April, 1844, Curator, 1859-76; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; National 
 Conv. Revis. Pharmacopceia 1800, P. 1870; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. 
 1862 ; State Med. Soc. New York ; Internat. Med. Congr. 1876 ; Director 
 Philad. Trust and Safe Deposit Co. 1872; Constit. Alumni Soc. Med. 
 Dep. Univ. Pa. 
 
 Chapik, John B. Nov. 1885. b. Dec. 4, 1829. 
 
 A.B. 1850, Williams Coll., M.D. 1853, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. 
 Assoc. Superintendents Amer. Inst, for the Insane, 1860; Ontario Go. 
 (N. Y.) Med. Soc. 1862; Seneca Co. (N. Y.) Med. Soc. 1871; State 
 Med. Soc. N. Y. 1880; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1885; Med. Jurispru- 
 dence Soc. Philad. 1885. Eesid. Phys. New York Hosp. 1854; Assist. 
 Phys. New York State Lunatic Asyl. 1854-58; Res. Phys. Hosp. for 
 Insane, Canandaigua, N. Y. 1858-69; State Commis. to locate and 
 build Willard Asyl. for Insane 1865-69; Med. Superintend. Willard 
 Asylum for Insane 1869-84; Phys. in Chief Pa. Hosp. for Insane 
 1884 . 
 
 Chapman, Henry C. Jan. 1880. b. Aug. 17, 1845. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1868, 
 Curator 1876; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1875; Franklin Instit. of Pa.; 
 Prosector Zoological Soc; Lecturer Anat. and Physiology Univ. Pa. ; 
 Prof. Institutes Med. and Physiology, Jefferson Med. Coll. April, 1880 
 
 *Chapman, Nathaniel. Nov. 1807. b. May 28, 1780. d. July 1, 1853. 
 M.D. 1800, Univ. Pa. Surg. 1st Troop Philad. Cavalry 1804. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. 1807, P. 1816; Acad. Medicine, P. 1821; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. April, 1807, Councillor 1817-28, V. P. 1828-46, P. 1846-49; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, P. '48. Prof. Anat. Pa. Acad. Fine Arts 1812 ; 
 Adjunct Prof. Midwifery, 1810; Prof. Mat. Med. 1813, Theory and 
 Pract. Med. 1816-50, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Cheston, D. Mueeay. Jan. 1868. b. Feb. 23, 1843. 
 
 M.D. 1864, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1867;
 
 APPENDIX. 217 
 
 Constit. Obstetrical Soc. Philad.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1866. Resid. 
 Episcopal Hosp. 1864-65 ; Phys. Children's Hosp. 1865-85. 
 
 *Chovet, Abraham. Jan. 1787. b. May 25, 1704. d. March, 1790. 
 
 Demonstrator Anat. Co. Barbers and Surgeons London 1735. Lec- 
 turer on Anat. 
 
 Clark, Leonard S. April, 1873. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1873. 
 Med. Examiner, Order of Sparta and Philad. Relief League. 
 
 *Clarkson, Gerardus. Jan. 1787. b. 1737. d. Sept. 19, 1790. 
 Memb. Philos. Soc. 1768; Trustee Univ. State Pa. 
 
 tCLARKSON, William. Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 7, 1763. Res. Feb. 9, 1793. 
 d. Sept. 9, 1812. 
 
 M.D. 1785, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786. 
 
 *Cleaver, Isaac. Oct. 1815. d. Feb. 10, 1822, ^t. 36. 
 
 M.D. 1805, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1803, Permanent 
 Chairman 1807, Orator 1809 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1817. 
 
 Cleemann, Richard Alsop. Jan. 1872. b. Feb. 22, 1840. 
 
 A.B. 1859, A.M., M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. 1866; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1868, P. 1882-84; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1879; 
 Amer. Acad. Med. 1879; International Med. Congress, Sect. 1876. 
 Resid. Phys. Hosp. P. E. Church 1862 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 
 Aug. 1862-Sept. '64; Dist. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1865-68; Phys. St. 
 Mary's Hosp. 1872-76, 1878-79; Phys. Church Home for Children 
 1868-80 ; Alumni Manager Univ. Hosp. 1880. Memb. Board Health 
 1878. Corresp. National Board Health 1879-80. 
 
 *Clements, Richard. July, 1854. 
 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad." July, 1852; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1855. 
 
 Clymer, Meredith. (N. R.) July, 1842. b. June 6, 1817. 
 
 M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1836; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1842; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848; New York Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1869; Soc. Neurolgy, P. 1874; Soc. Alumni Med. Dept. Univ. Pa., 
 V. P. 1875, Orator 1876 ; New York Soc. Alumni Univ. N. Y. 1886 ; 
 Honorary. Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886. Phys. Philad. Instit. for the Blind 
 1842-43; St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asyl. 1843-50; Philad. Hosp. 
 1843-46, Consult. Phys. 1846-50. Lecturer on Instit. Med. 1843, and 
 Pract. Med. 1849, Philad. Med. Instit. Prof. Pract. Med. Franklin 
 Med. Coll. 1846-48; Prof. Pract. and Instit. Med. Univ. New York 1851.
 
 218 APPENDIX. 
 
 *C0ATES, Benjamin H. May, 1827. b. Nov. 14, 1797. d. Oct. 16, 1881. 
 M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1814-19, Phys. 1828-41, Pa. Hosp. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1817, V. P. 1844; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 April, 1818; Amer. Pbilos. Soc. April, 1823; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849, P. 1859; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1864; 
 Historical Soc. Pa. V. P. 
 
 !|C0ATES, Eeynell. Feb. 1835. ft. 1842. b. 1802. d. April 27, 1886. 
 
 M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1819-23. Memb. Philad. Med. 
 Soc. Nov. 1824; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1834-Aug. '48. 
 
 Cohen, J. Solis. April, 1871. 
 
 M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Prof. Diseases of the Throat and Chest, 
 Philad. Polyclinic and Coll. for Graduates. Phys. German Hosp. ; 
 Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1870-June'77; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1864; 26th Eegt. Pa. Vol. 1861 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. N. Sept. 4, 1861 
 -Jan. 12, '64; U. S. A. Hosp. Philad. 1864. 
 
 *CoLHOUN, Samuel. Aug. 1839. d. April 7, 1841, set. 54. 
 
 Resid. 1809-10, Phys. 1816-2] Pa. Hosp. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 
 
 *C0NDIE, D. Francis. May, 1836. b. May 12, 1796. d. March 21, 1875. 
 M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 1852 ; Soc. State Pa., P. 1859. 
 
 *CoE,BiTT, William B. Jan. 1870. 
 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870. 
 
 *CoRSE, James M. Oct. 1857. (N. R. from Jan. 1869.) d. Aug. 10, 1885. 
 set. 73. 
 
 M.D. 1851, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. Nov. 1852-Aug. '76 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 *CoxE, ^YILLIAM S. Jan. 1829. b. April 16, 1790. d. July 20, 1837. 
 A.B. 1807, A.M. 1810, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1811, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Cruice, Robert Blake. April, 1866. b. Sept. 29, 1838. 
 
 M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1874 ; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1878 ; Compan. Milit. Order Loyal Legion 
 U. S. Jan. 1882; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1884. Assist. Surg. Pa. Vol. Aug. 
 1861 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. April, 1862. Resid. Aug. 1863, Attend. 
 Surg. Dec. 1880, Phys. and Surg, in charge Jan. 1881, St. Joseph's Hosp. 
 Philad. . 
 
 *Cruice, William R. April, 1873. b. Dec. 23, 1842. d. Aug. 15, 1886. 
 M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1876; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1877, V. P. 1886.
 
 APPENDIX. 219 
 
 *CuMMiNG, John. Oct. 1795. 
 
 IICuMMiSKEY, James. April, 1868. ft. Nov. 7, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1856, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1860; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1869-June, 72. 
 
 *CuKNiNGHAM, James. April, 1787. d. Dec. 1797. 
 Phys. Hibernian Soc. 1793. 
 
 *CuERiE, William. Jan. 1787. b. 1754. d. June 13, 1828. 
 
 Memb. Board of Health, Philad. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1792. 
 Phys. Magdalen Asylum. 
 
 CuETiN, Roland G. April, 1884. b. Oct. 29, 1829. 
 
 A.M. (Honorary), 1883, M.D. 1866, Ph.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1870 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1871, Treasurer 
 1879-80; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 
 1871 ; Amer. Climatological Assoc. 1885, V. P. 1886 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1872; Med. Soc. State Pa. Resid. Phys. 1866-67, Visit. Phys. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1868; Maternity Hosp. ; Phys. Throat and Chest DejJt. Howard 
 Hosp. 1876-82; Phys. Univ. Hosp. 1879; Philad. Lying-in Charity 
 1871 ; Chief of Med. Disp. Univ. Hosp. 1872-82. Lect. Physical Diag- 
 nosis, Univ. Pa. 1877 ; Assist. Clinical Med. Univ. Pa. 1875 ; Assist. 
 Med. Director International Exhib. 1876 ; Assist. U. S. Geologist, 1868 ; 
 U. S. Naval Storekeeper 1861-65. 
 
 Da Costa, Jacob M. Oct. 1858. b. 1833. 
 
 A.M. M.D. 1852 ; Jefferson Med. Coll., LL.D. Memb. Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. Feb. 1852 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1866 ; Amer. Acad. Arts 
 and Sc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855; Pathological Soc. Philad. ex-P.; 
 Corresp. Pathological Soc. N. Y. ; New England Historical Soc. ; Hono- 
 rary, Med. Soc. State N. Y. ; Med. Soc. London. Prof. Theory and 
 
 Pract. Med. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1872 . Phys. Episcopal Hosp.; 
 
 Philad. Hosp. 1865; Pa. Hosp. 1865 . Consult. Phys. Children's 
 
 Hosp. 
 
 Da Costa, John C. Feb. 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1878, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 
 1857; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1879; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. Nov. 
 1880,V. P. '87 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1886. Senior Assist. Phys. Philad. 
 Lying-in Charity and Nurses' School 1880-84 ; Gynecologist Jefferson 
 Med. Coll. Hosp. March, 1884 . 
 
 *Dae.rach, William. May, 1828. b. June 16, 1796. d. May 6, 1865. 
 
 A.B. 1815, A.M. Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1818 ; Phys. Philad. Dispens. 7 years ; Eye and Ear Infirmary ;
 
 220 APPENDIX. 
 
 Howard Hosp. ; Eastern Penitentiary, Pa. 10 years ; Southern Home 
 for Friendless Children. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. ; Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1852 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1823-March, 29. Prof. Theory 
 and Pract. Med. Pa. Med. Coll. 1843-54. 
 
 ^Darrach, William. Oct. 1866. h. 1839. d. Jan. 28. 1881. 
 
 A.B. 1859, M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. ; Alumni 
 Soc. Med. Dep. Univ. Pa. ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 
 
 Darrach, James. April, 1859. b. 1828. 
 
 A.B. 1849, A.M. 1852, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1852, Pa. Med. Coll. Eesid. 
 Pa. Hosp. 1853-54. Memb. Pathological Soc. Phihid. 1857 ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1858. Surg, in charge Cuyler 
 U. S. A. Hosp. 1862 ; Consult. Phys. Germantown Hosp. and of Jewish 
 Hosp. 
 
 Deakyne, a. C. June, 1874. 
 M.D. 1854, Pa. Med. Coll, 
 
 Deal, Lemuel Jacob. (N. E.) July, 1870. b. Feb. 24, 1842. 
 
 A.B. 1860, A.M. 1863, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1865, Jefferson Med. Coll. ; 
 Ph.D. 1872 Wagner Free Institute Sc. Memb. Franklin Institute, 
 Pa., March, 1866 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1867-June, '77 ; Northern 
 Med. Assoc, P. 1863; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, Assist. Sec. 1872; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. 1873; Amer. Med. Assoc 1868. Attend. Phys. North- 
 ern Dispens. 1866-73 ; Asst. Demonstrator Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 1866-73 ; Attend. Phys, Dispens. Episcopal Hosp. 1878-85 ; St. Christo- 
 pher's Hosp. 1877-85 ; Lecturer on Chemistry Franklin Instit. Pa. 
 1866-67; Prof, of Chemistry Wagner Free Instit. Sc. 1866-73 ; Philad. 
 Coll. Pharmacy 1877 . Woman's Med. Coll. 1874-75. 
 
 Dercum, Francis X. Jan. 1885. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. 1878. Instructor 
 in Nervous Diseases, Univ. Pa. 1885 . 
 
 fDiCKSON, S. Henry. Jan. 1859. b. 1798 ; res. Oct. 5, 1864. d. March, 
 31, 1870. 
 M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *DiLLARD, Thomas. Nov. 1842. b. Jan. 24, 1801. d. March 1, 1870. 
 
 M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Surg. Mate Nov. 1824; Surg. Jan. 1828, U. S. 
 Navy. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 *Dorsey, Nathan. April, 1887. d. July 2, 1806. 
 Lazaretto Phys. Philad. 1805.
 
 APPENDIX. 221 
 
 Dowxs, Egbert Norton. April, 1864. b. Sept. 15, 1829. 
 
 M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. Sept. 1862-65; 
 Consult. Phys. Germantown Hosp. 
 
 ^Drayton, Henry E. April, 1851. b. Feb. 25, 1823. d. April 19, 1862. 
 M.D. 1845, Univ. Pa. Surg. Episcopal Hosp., P. Board of Managers; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851. 
 
 Drysdale, Thomas Murray. June, 1884. b. Aug. 14, 1831. 
 
 M.D. 1852, Pa. Med. Coll. ; A.M. 1879 (honorary), LaFayette Coll. 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med Soc. 1853, V. P. 1875, P. 1876 ; Med. Soc. State 
 Pa., P. 1864, Corresp. Sec. 1873-74 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1873 ; Amer. 
 Acad. Med. 1879; V. P. 1882; Constit. Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876; 
 British Med. Assoc. 1877 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1877 ; Obstetrical 
 Soc. Philad. 1877, V. P. 1881, P. 1887 ; Internat. Med. Congress, 1876. 
 Assist. Surg. 1st Kegt. Infant, reserv, 1861, Surg. 1863. 
 
 DuER, Edward Louis. April, 1864. b. June 19, 1836. 
 
 A.B. 1857, Yale Coll. ; M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Surg. U. S. Vol. 1861- 
 65. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1872. Accoucheur and Clinical Lecturer on Diseases of 
 Women and Children, Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. for Disea-ses of Women, 
 Presbyterian Hosp. ; Visit. Phys. Preston Retreat ; also, of State Hosp. 
 for Women. 
 
 *DuFFiELD, BEN.JAMIN. Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 3, 1753. d. Dec. 13, 1799. 
 A.B. 1771, Coll. Philad. [The commencement for 1774 was not held. 
 Therefore each of the Medical Professors of the College of Philadel- 
 phia gave him a certificate that he had attended the full courses of 
 lectures.] Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1786. 
 
 *DuFFiELD, Samuel. Jan. 1787. b. 1732. d. Dec. 1814. 
 
 M.B. 1768, Coll. Philad. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dec. 1768, 
 Curator 1774-82, 1786-91, Councillor 1783 and 1805. Wholesale and 
 Retail Druggist 1768 ; Surg. Pa. Navy Oct. 1775 ; Superintendent Hosp. 
 and Pest House, Pa. Navy April, 1776. Elected member of the Conti- 
 nental Congress, by the Pa. Assembly, Sunday, Se^jt. 14, 1777, but no 
 evidence that he served has been found. Phys. of Asylum for Orphans 
 made by Yellow Fever, Oct. 1793 ; Consult. Phys. Board of Health 
 1798 ; Phys. to attend the poor of the city. 
 
 [Benjamin Duffield and Samuel DiifBeld were not of the same family.] 
 
 DuHRiNG, Louis A. Jan. 1871- b. Dec. 23, 1845. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Dermatological Assoc, P. , 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Pathological Soc' 
 Philad. ; Corres. New York Dermatological Soc. ; Honorary McLain 
 Soc. London. Lecturer 1871, Clinic. Prof. Skin Diseases 1876, Univ. 
 
 Pa. . ; Dermatologist Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. and Consult. Phys. and 
 
 P. Trustees Philad. Dispens. for Skin Diseases.
 
 222 APrENDix. 
 
 Dulles, Charles Winslow. Jan. 1881. b. Nov. 29, 1850. 
 
 M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1876; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1878 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 1881; West Philad. Med. Soc. 1881; Philad. Acad. Surgery, 1884. 
 Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1875-76; Pa. Hosp. 1877; Registrar 1878-83, 
 Surg. Out-patients Univ. Hosp. and of Presbyterian Hosp. 1883 ; lately 
 Lecturer on Venereal Diseases Philad. School Anat. 
 
 DuNGLisoN, Richard J. April, 1863. b. Nov. 13, 1834. 
 
 A.B. 1852, A.M. 1855, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1856, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1867, Sec. 1875 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 
 1874-June, '77; Centennial Med. Commis. Sec. 1875-76; a Sec. Inter- 
 nat. Med. Congr. 1876 ; Amer. Acad. Med., Sec. and Treas. 1878 ; Amer. 
 
 Med. Assoc, Assist. Sec. 1876, Treasurer 1877 . ; Philad. Co. Med. 
 
 Soc. 1863 Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65; Phys. Burd Orphan 
 Asylum; Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind 1861; Director Mutual 
 Aid. Assoc. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Corresp. Sec. Alumni Assoc- 
 Jefferson Med. Coll. ; P. Musical Fund Soc. Philad. 
 
 *DUNGLIS0N, ROBLEY. June 18, 1838. b. Jan. 4, 1798. d. April 1, 1869. 
 Licentiate Royal Coll. Surg. London 1819 ; M.D. 1824, Univ. Erlan- 
 gen ; M.D., Honorary, 1826 Yale ; LL.D. 1852, Jefferson Coll. Canons- 
 burg, Pa. Phys. Accoucheur Eastern Dispens. Lond. 1824 ; Prof. Med- 
 Sciences Univ. Va. 1825 ; Prof. Mat. Med. Therapeutics, Hygiene and 
 Med. Jurispr. University Md. 1833; Prof. Instit. Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Philad. June, 1836-68. Phys. Philad. Hosp. Memb. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. Jan. 1832, Sec. 1840-52, V. P. 1853-56, 1858-59; (Honorary) Med. 
 Soc. State of New York Feb. 1833 ; Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1837 ; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc, Philad. Jan. 1853 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1857 ; Training School 
 for Idiots, V. P. ; Musical Fund Society, P. ; Pa. Institution for Instruc- 
 tion of the Blind, V. P. 1844; Chairman of the Faculty Univ. Va. 
 
 DUNGLISON, Thomas R. (N. R.) July, 1871. b. March 10, 1837. 
 
 A.B. 1855, A.M. 1858, Univ. Pa."; M.D. 1859, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1872 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1877. 
 
 DuNOT, Justus. (N. R.) Feb. 1849. 
 
 DuNTON, William R. April, 1860. b. March 10, 1831. 
 
 A.B., M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Ob- 
 stetrical Soc. Philad. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1863 ; Consult. Phys. 
 Germantown Hosp. 
 
 Edwards, Joseph F. Oct. 1882. b. Dec. 8, 1853. 
 
 M.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1880, Georgetown Coll. Memb. Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. ; Philad. Medico-Legal Soc. Memb. State Board of 
 Health, Pa. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1874; Assist. Surg. 2d Reg. 
 Nat. Guard Pa. 1876, Surg. 1878.
 
 APPENDIX. 223 
 
 Edwards, William A. Jan. 1887. b. Aug. 20, 1860. 
 
 3I.D. 1S81, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc.Philad. 1882; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1884; Med. Soc State Pa. 1885. Instr. Clinical Med. 
 and Phys. Dispensary Univ. Pa. 1882; Assist. Pathologist Philad. Hosp. 
 1882-83; Med. Registrar Philad. Hosp. 1884 ; Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 
 1885. 
 
 ^Emerson, G-ouveneur. Feb. 1847. d. July 2, 1874. 
 
 M.D. 1816, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1821. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. 1813, Sec. 1816 ; Auier. Philos. Soc. 1833, Councillor 
 1837-46; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847: Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1853; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. 1857 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 
 *Emlen, James Y. April, 1852. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 *Emlen, Samuel. Aug. 1818. b. March 6, 1789. d. April 17, 1828. 
 
 M.D. 1812, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1819 ; Kappa 
 Lambda Soc. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1815; Pa. Hosp. 1825-28. 
 
 Eskridge, J. T. Oct. 1880. b. June, 1848. 
 
 M.D. 1875, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 1876 ; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1877 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879 ; Amer. 
 Neurological Soc. 1883; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1884; Amer. Clima- 
 tological Assoc. 1885 ; El Paso Co. Med Soc 1884, P. 1886 ; Phys. Eye 
 and Ear Dept. Philad. Disp. 1876-77 ; Catharine St. Disp. 1876-83 ; 
 Howard Hosp. 1881-83; St. Mary's Hosp. 1882-84; Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. Hosp. 1883-84. Instructor in Nervous Diseases, Post-Grrad. Course 
 Jeff. Med. Coll. 
 
 *Evans, Charles. April, 1842. d. April 21, 1879, aet. 77. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc 1852. Attend. 
 Phys. Frankford Asylum for the Insane. 
 
 Evans, Horace Y. Oct. 1868. b. Oct. 1834. 
 
 A.B. 1855, A.M. 1858, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc 1864, P. 1882; Amer. Med. Assoc 1872. Yisit. 
 Phys. Charity Hosp. 1864 ; Episcopal Hospital 1874. Surg. 1st Troop 
 Philad. Cavalry, 1867. 
 
 IFassitt, Louis. April, 1866. res. Dec 7, 1870. d. Dec 9, 1883, aet. 57. 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. Jan. 1857-Sept. 66. 
 
 Fenton, Thomas H. April, 1884. b. May 28, 1856. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879 ; Patholog-
 
 224 APPENDIX. 
 
 ical Soc. Philad. 1881 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1880; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1884; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 1884; Acad. Nat. So. Philad. Jan. 
 1884; Geraian Med. Soc. Philad. 1887. Resid. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 
 1877; Wills Hosp. 1878; Attend. Phys. Charity Hosp. 1879 ; Phys. 
 Home for Aged Couples, 1879; CHnical Assist. Wills Hosp. 1877-85; 
 Atteud. Ophthalmic Surg. House of Good Shepherd, 1880 ; St. Vincent's 
 Home, 1886; Trustee Chanty Hosp. 1886; Director 10th School Sect. 
 1882-85. 
 
 Finn, W. H. Jan. 1872. 
 
 M.D. 1863, Univ. Harvard. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 
 1869-June, '77. Surg. St. Christopher's Hosp. 
 
 Fischer, Emil. Oct. 1866. b. June 22, 1832. 
 
 M.D. 1855, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 1857 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1857-Dec. '63 ; Northern Med. Assoc. 
 1860; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1868 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868; Librarian 
 Pa. Hosp. 1855-57. Phys. Northern Dispensary 1860-61 ; Phys. Ger- 
 man Dispensary, and German Hosp. 1858-74. 
 
 *FiSH, Augustine H. July, 1859. b. 1828. d. Aug. 3, 1872. 
 
 A.B. 1848, Coll. N. J., M.D. 1851, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. ; 
 Phys. Philad. Dispens. ; Phys. Howard Hosp. ; Med. Board, Charity 
 Hosp. ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. Hosp. West Philad. 1862. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc, V. P. 1871 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1862 ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 
 
 Fisher, Henry Middleton. May, 1884. b. May 29, 1851. 
 
 A.B. 1872, Harvard Univ., M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Patholog- 
 ical Soc. Philad. 1876 ; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. Jan. 1876 ; Obstetrical 
 Soc. Philad. 1876. Phys. Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1882; Attend. Phys. 
 Episcopal Hosp. 1883. 
 
 Forbes, Williaji S. April, 1862. b. Feb. 10, 1831. 
 
 M.D. 1852, Jefferson Med. Coll., 1866, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. 
 Sc Philad. Sept. 1856-June, '77 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc ; Pathological 
 Soc. Philad. Amer. Med. Assoc 1872. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1853-55; 
 Surg. English MiUt. Hosp. Scutari, Constantinople 1855 ; Surg. Epis- 
 copal Hosp. Philad. 1862-87 ; Chief of Coll. Avenue Auat. and Operat. 
 Surg. School 1857-70; Demonstrator Anat. 1879-86; Prof. Anat. and 
 Clinical Surg. 1886 . Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 
 Ford, William Henry. July, 1870. b. Oct. 7, 1839. 
 
 A.B. 1860, A.M. 1863, Coll. N. J., M.D. 1863, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869; Philad. Obstetrical Soc. 1872; 
 Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 1874; Acad. Med. 1878; Board of Health, 
 Philad. 1871, Sec 1875-77, P. 1877-79 and 1886-87.
 
 APPENDIX. 225 
 
 FOR.AIAD, Henry F. May, 1884. b. Feb. 1847. 
 
 B.M. 1869, Univ. Heidelber<r; M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Patbo- 
 logical Soc. Philad. 1877, V. P.; Acad. Nat. Sc. Pbilad. Jan. 1880; 
 Franklin Inst. Pa. 1882; Pliilad. Co. Med. Soc. 1883; Med. Soc. State 
 Pa. 1884; Assoc Amer. Physicians 1886 ; Demonstrator Pathology and 
 Morbid Anat. Univ- Pa. 1877 ; Pathologist and MicroscopistUniv. Hosp. 
 
 and Philad. Hosp. 1878 ; Coroner's Phys. Pbilad. 1884 . ; Librarian 
 
 Stille Med. Library, Univ. Pa. 1878 . 
 
 *FouLKE, John. Jan. 1787. d. 1796. 
 
 M.D. 1780, Coll. Philad. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1784-94. Lecturer on 
 Anat. 1784-96. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1784, Sec. 1786-89. 
 
 *Fox, George. Sept. 1831. b. May 8, 1806. d. Dec. 27, 1882. 
 
 A.B. 1825, M D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Surg. Wills Hosp. 1834-49 ; Surg. 
 Pa. Hosp. 1848-54; St. Josepb's Female Orphan Asylum 1838-54. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1827; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. May, 1836- 
 Jan. '42; Philad. Med. Soc. V. P. 1849: Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; 
 Treas. Med. Soc State Pa. 1848-52; Director National Bank of Com- 
 merce 1876-82. 
 
 Fox, Joseph M. May, 1885. b. July 16, 1855. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1886. Surg. 
 Out-patients of Pa. Hosp. , of Children's Hosp.. and of Univ. Hosp. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Fricke, Albert. Jan. 1864. Sept. 13, 1815. 
 
 M.D. Univ. Berlin, Prussia. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. Nov. 
 1859 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc 1849 ; Amer. Med. Assoc 1872 ; Historical 
 Soc. Pa. 1880. Senior Phys. German Hosp. Philad. 1866-74. 
 
 Gardette, Emile Blaise. July, 1870. b. Aug. 12, 1803. 
 
 M.D. 1838, Jefferson .Aled. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 April, 185.3-March, '65 ; French Soc. Bienfaisance Philad. ; Historical 
 Soc. Pa. Trustee Jefferson Med. Coll. 1856, P. Board Trustees, March, 
 1876 . 
 
 *Gebhard, Lewis P. April, 1828. b. June 14, 1791. d. Dec 24, 1873. 
 M.D. 1813, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc Dec 1812 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc 1853, P. 1864; Northern Med. Assoc; Soc. Prevention 
 Cruelty to Animals ; Colonization Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864. 
 
 Gerhard, George S. April, 1873. 
 M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. 
 
 1.5
 
 226 APPENDIX. 
 
 *Gerhard, William Wood. Sept. 1834. b. July 23, 1809. d. April 28,1872. 
 A.B. 1826, Dickenson Coll. ; M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 
 1834-36, Pbys. 1845-68; Phys. Philad. Hosp. Memb. Pbilad. Med. 
 Soc. June, 1827 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1835 ; Pathological Soc. 
 Philad., P. 1838; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1843. Asst. Prof. Instit.Med. 
 Univ. Pa. 1838. 
 
 Getchell, Francis Horace. July, 1864. b. Dec. 8, 1836. 
 
 M.D. 1859, Dartmouth Coll. ; M.D. 1872, Jefferson Med. Coll. Act 
 Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Gynecologist Jefferson Coll. Hosp. ; Ob- 
 stetrician Catharine Street Dispensary. Memb. Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. 
 
 *GiBB0NS, HexVRY. Aug. 1846. b. Sept. 8, 1808. d. Nov. 5, 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1829, Univ. Pa. Memb. San Francisco Co. Med. Soc. P. ; State 
 Med. Soc. Cal., P. 1857 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1844 ; Constit. 
 California Acad. Nat. Sc, P. ; Cal. State Board of Health ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 1852; Cal. State Prison Commission; Sons of Temperance; 
 Los Angeles Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849. Prof. Mat. Med. 
 and Therapeutics Med. Dept. Univ. of the Pacific, 1861 ; Prof. Theory 
 and Pract. Med. Cooper Med. Coll. Visit. Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. and 
 Public Hosp., San Francisco. 
 
 *GiBB0NS, John H. March, 1788. d. Oct. 5, 1795, set. 36. 
 M.D. 1786, Edinb. Lecturer Pract. Med. 1789. 
 
 ^Gilbert, David. Oct. 1853. d. July 28, 1868. 
 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850. Prof. Surgery Pa. Med. Coll. 
 
 IIGilbert, W. Kent. Julj-, 1863. b. Dec. 28, 1829. ft. July 3, 1878. d. 
 June, 28, 1880. 
 
 A. B. 1848, Pa. Coll. Gettysburg ; M.D. 1862, Pa. Med. Coll. Resid. 
 Philad. Hosp. Memb. Hist. Soc. Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1866. Coroner Philad. 1878-80. 
 
 GiRViN, Robert M. March, 1885. b. Feb. 3, 1836. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1866-76; 
 
 Gynecologist Presbyterian Hosp. . Memb. Philad Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 .; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. .; West Philad. Med. Soc. 1881. 
 
 Given, Robert Aiken. Jan. 1848. b. March 15, 1816. 
 
 M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Delaware Co. 
 Med. Soc. ; Philad. Neurological Soc. ; Assoc. Med. Superintendents of 
 Amer. Instit. for the Insane ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. Assist. Phys. 
 Pa. Hosp. for Insane 1841-44; Phys. Eastern Penitentiary 1844-51; 
 Superint. Burn Brae (Del. Co., Pa.) Hosp. for Mental and Nervous Dis- 
 eases 1859 .
 
 APPENDIX. 227 
 
 *Glentworth, George. Jan. 1787. b. July 22, 1735. d. Nov. 4, 1792. 
 M.D. Univ. Edinb. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1768. Reg. and 
 Hosp. Surg. Amer. Army 1777-80. 
 
 *Glentworth, Plunket F. Sept. 1792. b. July 27, 1760. d. Jan. 16, 1833. 
 M.D. 1790, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Gobrecht, William H. (N. R.) July, 1854. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Med. Coll. Philad. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1856-March, '65; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868. 
 
 *GoDDARD, Paul Beck. Nov. 1842. d. July 5, 1866, «t. 57. 
 
 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Demonstrat. Anat. Univ. Pa. 1841 ; Prof. Anat. 
 Franklin Med. Coll. 1847-52. Surg. 1st Troop Philad. Cavalry 1847; 
 Surg. U. S. V. 1863-65. P. Board of Health Philad. 1859-63. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1829, Libr. 
 Dec. 1833-Dec. '34, Curator Dec. 1834-Dec. '35 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 April, 1840; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. 
 
 Godey, Harry. June, 1884. 
 
 *G0D0N, Victor L. June, 1846. d. 1849. 
 
 M.D. 1834, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. U. S. Navy 1835-44. 
 
 Goodell, William. April, 1868. b. Oct. 17, 1829. 
 
 A.B., A.M., Williams Coll. ; M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; 
 (Honorary) Edinb. Obstetrical Soc. ; Detroit Obstetrical Soc. ; Medico- 
 Chirurgical Soc. Maryland ; Med. Soc. State N. Y. ; Acad. Med. City 
 of N. Y. ; Corres. Sec. Centennial Med. Commis. 1875-76 ; Corres. Lon- 
 don Obstetrical Soc. ; Imperial Med. Soc. Constantinople; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872 ; Boston Gynecological Soc. Phys. in charge Preston Re- 
 treat. Prof. Clinical Gynecology Univ. Pa. . 
 
 Goodman, Henry Earnest. Jan. 1867. b. April 12, 1836. 
 
 M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1868; Oph- 
 thalmological Soc. Philad. 1870; Social Sc. Assoc. Philad. 1870; Amer. 
 Pub. Health Assoc. 1866; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. Jan. 1877 ; British Med. Assoc. 1868; International Oi^hthalmic 
 
 Congr. at Heidelberg 1868 ; Union League Philad. 1867 . ; Comp, 
 
 Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1867 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1877 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Med. Soc, 1886; Council of Church of the Holy Communion, 
 V. P. 1870 ; Grand Army of the Republic 1866 ; Army of the Cum- 
 berland, 1870; Army of the Potomac, 1870; Internat. Med. Congr. 
 1876. School Director 9th Ward Philad. 1870. Resid. Philad. Hosp.
 
 228 APPENDIX. 
 
 1859-60 ; Wills Hosp. 1860-61, Attend. Surg. 1872. Surg. 8th Pa. CavL 
 May to July, 1861; 28th Reg. Pa. Vol. July, 1861-May, 1864; U. S. 
 Vol. May, 1864-Dec. 65. Port Phys. Philad. 1866-73 ; U. S. Examining 
 
 Surg, for Pensions 1866 . A Founder and Attend. Surg, and Sec. 
 
 Med. Staff Philad. Orthopcedic Hosp. 1867 . Founder Maternity 
 
 Hosp. and Consult. Surg. 1868 . Surg. Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1872; 
 
 Prof. Surgery 1881-82, Prof Principles and Pract. Surgery, Orthopcedic 
 and Clinical Surgery 1885, Medico-Chirurgical Coll. Philad. . 
 
 [Present at the battles of Ball's Bluff, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chaneel- 
 lorsville, Geltyshiirg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, 
 and all the battles to Atlanta, Sherman's march to the sea and to Washington. 
 Bievetted Lieut. Col. March 10th, and Colonel April 5, 1865, for faithful and 
 meritorious service during the war of the rebellion.] 
 
 Graham, John. Nov. 1885. b. June 17, 1844. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Jefferson Med. Coll. Med. Cadet U. S. A. July, 1863- 
 April, 1865 ; Asst. Surg. 149th Pa. Volunteers April to June, 1865, 2d 
 Pa. Heavy Artillery July, 1865-Jan. '66. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 1881 ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885. 
 
 Granger, William H. Jan. 1864. 
 M.D. 1852, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Grant, Wm. Robertson. June, 1846. b. Dec. 22, 1811. d. March 28, 1852. 
 M.D. 1839, Jefferson Med. Coll. Demonstrator Anat. 1838^2, Prof. 
 Anat. Pa. Coll. 1843-52. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1848 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1849. 
 
 *Greene, Alfred. Jan. 1857. 
 
 *Greene, James M. April, 1849. b. Sept. 24, 1795. d. June 9, 1871. 
 
 M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1823-24; Surg. Mate 
 April, 1825, Surg. Dec. 1828-71 U. S. Navy. Memb. Franklin Inst. Pa. 
 Feb. 1846; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 Grier, Matthew J. Oct. 1870. b. March 8, 1838. 
 
 M.D. 1863, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 
 *Griffitts, Elijah. April, 1821. 
 
 M.D. 1804, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1852. 
 
 Griffith, John P. Crozer. Jan. 1883. b. Jan. 5, 1856. 
 
 A.B, 1877, Ph.D. M.D. 1881, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. Feb. 1876 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1882; Philad. Co. Med. Soc.
 
 APPENDIX. 229 
 
 1886. Resid. Phys. Presbyterian Hosp. 1881-82; Phys. Philacl. Dispens. 
 1882-86; St. Clement's Dispens. 1886; Southern Home for Children, 
 
 1883. Asst. Demonstrator Histology Univ. Pa., 1883-86 .; Asst. 
 
 to Prof. Pract. Med. Univ. Pa., 1886 .; Consult. Phys. Baptist 
 
 Orphanage, 1886 . 
 
 *Griffitts, Samuel PowEL. Jan. 1787. b. July 21, 1759. d. May 12, 1826. 
 M.B. 1781 , Univ. State Pa. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786. 
 Prof. Mat. Med. Univ. Pa. 1792-96. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 
 1788, Council. 1791-97. 
 
 Griscom, John D. (N. E.) Aug. 1842. March 25, 1809. 
 
 M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1837, Sec. 1839; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1847. Manager Will's Hosp. 1839-41; Director of Public Schools, 
 Philad. 1839. Phys. Northern Dispens. 1840; House of Refuge Philad. 
 1840-43. 
 
 Gross, Ferdinand H. May, 1883. b. Aug. 18, 1831. 
 
 M.D. 1855, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 1868; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1872; Alumni Assoc. Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 1870; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1878; Philad. Acad. Surgery 1882; German 
 Med. Soc. Philad. P. 1886; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1886. 
 Surg. U.S. Vol. (Brevt. Lt.-Col.) 1861-65; Senior Surg. German Hosp. 
 Philad. 1874. 
 
 *Gross, Samuel David. (Assoc. Aug. 1846.) Jan. 1857. b. July 8, 1806. 
 d. May 6, 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Jefferson Med. Coll. LL D. 1861, Jefferson Coll. ; 1884, 
 Univ. Cambridge, Univ. Edinburgh, and Univ. Pa. ; D.C.L 1872, Univ. 
 Oxford. Demonstrator Anat. Med. Coll. of Ohio 1833-35; Prof. Patho- 
 logical Anat. Cincinnati Coll. 1835-39; Prof. Surg. Univ. Louisville 
 1840-49, 1851-56; Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1856-82. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. P.; Constit. Pathological Soc. Philad. P.; Con- 
 stit. Philad. Acad. Surgery P. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec- 1856-Feb. '78 ; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1854; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. Constit. Med. 
 Jurisprudence Soc. Philad., P. Constit. Amer. Surg. Assoc, P. ; Massa- 
 chusetts Med. Soc; Rhode Island Med. Soc. ; New York State Med. 
 Soc; Acad. Med. New York; Cincinnati Med. Soc. ; Ohio Hist, and 
 Philos. Soc. ; Med. Soc. Louisiana; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858, P. Nat. 
 Assoc. Protection of the Insane; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. ; Centen- 
 nial Med. Commission Philad. 1875, P. ; Internat. Med. Cong., P. 1876; 
 Pa. Dental Coll., P.; Hon. Memb. British Med. Assoc; Royal Med. 
 and Chirurg. Soc. London; Clinical Soc. Lond.; Pathological Soc. 
 Lond. ; Medico-Chirurgical Soc. Edinb. ; Imperial Med. Soc. Vienna ;
 
 230 APPENDIX. 
 
 Med. Soc. Christiaaia; Royal Soc. Pub. Med. Belgium; Med. Soc. St. 
 Louis Potosi. 
 
 Gross, Samuel W. Oct. 1868. b. Feb. 4, 1837. 
 
 M.D. 1857, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad.; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. 
 Surg. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. Prof. Principles of Surgery and 
 Clinical Surgery, Jefferson Med. Coll. . 
 
 Grove, John H. April, 1871. b. Jan. 13, 1825. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1880, La Salle Coll.; LL.D. 1881, Man- 
 hattan Coll. Memb. Lancaster Med. Soc. 1854; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1867; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1869; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1884. Surgeon U. S. Vol. Oct. 1861-Nov. '64; 
 
 Brevt. Lt.-Col. U. S. V. Oct. 12, 1865. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1868 . ; 
 
 Med. Direct. St. Mary's Hosp. and St. Agnes Hosp. 1887. 
 
 Hall, Andrew Douglass. Jan. 1863. b. July 2, 1833. 
 
 A.B. 1851, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1854, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1870; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 1876; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1867. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 
 1867-72; Wills Hosp. 1863; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64. 
 
 *Hall, James. Jan. 1787. d. Sept. 16, 1801. 
 
 Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786-87 ; Phys. Lazaretto 1800. 
 
 ^Hallowell, Edward. May, 1839. d. Feb. 20, 1860. 
 
 M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1828 ; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1834; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1851 ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1849,- Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852. 
 
 *Halsey, William S. Jan. 1870. d. March. 1874. 
 
 Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1857. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858. 
 
 ^Hamilton, George. April, 1865. b. Nov. 15, 1808. d. Oct. 30, 1885. 
 M.D. 1831, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. P. 1868 ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1872. 
 
 Hammond, William Alexander. (N. R.) July, 1859. b. Aug. 28, 1828. 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. City of New York. Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 1853. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1859; New York Co. Med. Soc. ; 
 New York Neurological Soc. ; New York Soc. Med. Jurisprudence ; N. 
 Y. State Med. Soc. ; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. ; Corres. Anthropo- 
 logical Instit. Great Britain and Ireland ; Honorary, Royal Medico- 
 Chirurgical Soc. Edinb. ; British Med. Assoc; St. Andrew's Graduates 
 Assoc. ; Wiirtemburg Soc. Obstetricians and Surgeons ; Utrecht Soc.
 
 APPENDIX. 231 
 
 Arts and Sc. Assist. Surg. (Lt.) June, 1849, (Capt.) 1854-Oct. 1860; 
 (reappt.) Assist. Surg. May, 1861, Surg. -General April, 1862-Aug. '64 
 
 U.S. Army. Surg.-GeneralU.S. A. retired March, 1878 . Prof.Anat. 
 
 and Physiol. Univ. Md. Oct. 1860. Lecturer Diseases of the Mind and 
 Nervous System, Coll. Phys and Surg. N. Y. 1866-67; Prof. Diseases 
 of the Mind and Nervous Syst. Bellevue Med. Coll. 1867-74; Univ. 
 City of New York 1874-82; New York Post Graduate Med. School and 
 
 Hosp. 1882 . Phys. in Chief New York State Hosp. for Diseases 
 
 of the Nervous Syst. 1868 . Phys. Out-Dept. Bellevue Hosp. Ner- 
 vous Diseases 1868 . 
 
 *Hand, Frank C. April, 1881. d. Sept. 9, 1881. 
 
 Hansell, Howard Forde. Jan. 1886. b. Oct. 25, 1855. 
 
 A.B. 1874, A.M. 1880, Brown Univ. ; M.D. 1879, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1882; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1884; Amer. 
 Acad. Medicine 1885. Surg. Eye and Ear Dept. South Western Hosp. 
 1881. Adjunct Prof. Diseases of Eye, Philad. Polyclinic, May, 1885- 
 March, '87. ; Chief Clinical Asst. Eye Dept. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. 
 March, 1887. 
 
 *Hare, Horace Binney. April, 1869. d. March 25, 1879. 
 
 M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. M^mb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1867. 
 
 Harlan, George C. Jan. 1865. b. Jan. 28, 1835. 
 
 A.B. 1855, A.M. 1858, Del. Coll.; M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1859 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 1876 ; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1873 ; Amer. Otological 
 Soc. 1882 ; International Ophthalmological Soc. 1876; Internat. Med. 
 Cong. 1876. Eesid. Phys. Wills Hosp. 1857 ; St. Joseph's Hosp. 1858 ; 
 Pa. Hosp. 1859 ; Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1867 ; Children's Hosp. 1869 ; 
 Wills Hosp, 1868 ; Pa. Instit. for Instruction of the Blind, 1875 ; Eye 
 and Ear Dept- Pa. Hosp. 1879 ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. Navy, 1861 ; Surg. 
 11th Pa. Cavalry Sept. 1861 ; Act. Med. Inspector June, 1863; Pension 
 Exam. Surg. 1868 ; Prof. Diseases of the Eye, Philad. Polyclinic 1883 ; 
 Consult. Ophthalmic Surg. Philad. Inst, for Deaf and Dumb 1885. 
 
 Harlow, Lewis D. Jan. 1863. b. June 16, 1818. 
 
 A B. 1843, A.M. 1857, Dartmouth Coll. ; M.D. 1845, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1857 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1860 ; Obstetri- 
 cal Soc. Philad. 1869, P. 1878-80 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Amer. Acad. 
 Med. 1880; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1884. Surg, in charge U. S. A. Hosp. 
 George and Fourth St., Philad. 1862-63; Surg. U. S. V., in charge Hosp. 
 No. 3, Nashville, Tenn., April, 1863-Dec. '63; in charge Officers' Hosp. 
 Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Jan. 1864-April,'65. [Brevt. 
 Lt.-Col. and mustered out of service Aug. 1865.] Prof. Obstetrics and
 
 232 APPKKDIX. 
 
 Diseases of Women and Children, Philad. Coll. Med. 1855-57, and 
 Med. Dep. Pa. Coll. 1859-61. Consult. Obstetrician 1859-62, Philad. 
 Hosp. 
 
 II Harris, Robert. Jan. 1787. ft. Jan 4, 1803. b. 1772. d. Jan. 1815. 
 
 The Colonial Eecords and Pennsylvania Archives give us glimpses of Dr. 
 Robert Harris's career. 
 
 Feb. 22, 1776, the Committee of Safety loaned him £110 to "assist him in 
 forwarding the building of a powder mill and the manufacture of gunpowder." 
 During 1776 ihe records show that he was supplied by the committee with five 
 tons of saltpetre, and paid on account of his manufacture of gunpowder £450. 
 
 When salt was scarce, and before the Pennsylvania Salt Works at Toms 
 Eiver, N. J., were in woiking condition. Dr. Robert Harris proposed, August 9, 
 1777, to the Supreme Executive Council to engage in the manufacture of salt, pro- 
 vided that three-fourths of the necessary capital were furnished by the Council. 
 
 Prom 1782-8.5 he was Surgeon's Mate of the 2d Regt. He was appointed, 
 June 24, 1786, a commissioner from York Co., Pa., to carry out an Act of As- 
 sembly of March 31, 1784, declaring the Susquehanna and other streams public 
 highways. 
 
 June 5, 1788, a deed was executed conveying to him 151 acres of land in Tork 
 Co., Pa., confiscated from John Rankin. Heboughtit October, 1779, for £4815, 
 "which the said Robert Harris hath duly paid into the treasury." 
 
 Harris, Egbert P. April, 1862. b. Nov. 15, 1822. 
 
 A.B. 1841, M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Resid. Wills Hosp. 1844-45 ; Pa. 
 Hosp. 1845-47 ; Ophthalmologist Demilt Dispens. 1852-55. Memb- 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1856; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1858 ; Constit. 
 Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1868, P. 1871 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 
 
 Harte, Richard H. May, 1885. b. Oct. 23, 1855. 
 
 M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881. Surg. 
 Out-patients Univ. Hosp. 1881 ; Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1883 ; Assist. 
 Surg. Univ. Hosp. 1883 ; Demonstrator Osteology Univ. Pa. 1885. 
 
 *Hartshorne, Edward. April, 1847. b. May 14, 1818. d. June 22, 1885. 
 A.B. 1837, A.M. Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1841-43, 
 Attend. Surg. 1859-65 Pa. Hosp. ; Resid. Phys. Eastern Penitentiary 
 Pa. 1843-44; Attend. Phys. Wills Hosp.; Manager Episcopal Hosp. ; 
 Manager Univ. Hosp. ; Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1858 ; Pathological Soc. 
 Philad., P. ; Ophthalmological Soc, V. P. ; Amer. Med. As><oc. 1853 ; 
 Acad. Nat. So. Philad. May 1847-80 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1858 ; 
 Soc. Alumni Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Histori- 
 cal Soc. Pa. ; Princeton Alumni Assoc, of Philad., V. P. 
 
 Hartshorxe, Henry. Oct. 1851. b. March 16, 1823. 
 
 M.D. 1845, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1860, Haverford Coll. ; LL.D. 1884, 
 Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852 ;
 
 APPENDIX. 23S 
 
 Med. Soc. State Pa., Record. Sec. 1858 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 
 1855 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1863 ; Araer. Assoc. Advanc. Sc. ; Amer. 
 Public Health Assoc, V. P. 1874; Pliilad. Clinical Soc. 1886. Resid. 
 Pa. Hosp. 1845-48 ; Attend. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1856 ; Episcopal Hosp. 
 1860-62 ; Consult. Phys. Woman's Hosp. Philad. 1865-76. Prof. Physi- 
 ology Philad. Coll. Medicine 1853 ; Prof. Pract. Med. Pa. Coll. of Medi- 
 cine 1860 ; Prof. Anat. and Physiology Central High School Philad. 
 1862-68 ; Prof. Hygiene, Physiology, and Diseases of Children, Woman's 
 Med. Coll. Pa. 1865-76 ; Prof. Hygiene Univ. Pa. 1866-76 ; Prof. Physi- 
 ology and Hygiene Pa. Coll. Dental Surgery, 1863-66 ; Prof. Organic Sc. 
 and Philos. Haverford Coll. 1868-76 ; Prof. Anat., Physiology, and 
 Nat. Hist. Girard College, 1872 ; P. Howiand Collegiate School for 
 Young Ladies, Union Springs, N. Y., 1876-78. 
 
 *Hartshorne, Joseph. Dec. 1824. b. Dec. 26, 1779. d. Sept. 20, 1850. 
 M.D. 1805, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1801-6, Attend. Surg. 1810-21 Pa. Hosp. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1802 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1815. 
 
 *HasslePv, Ferdinand A. July, 1868. 
 M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Hastings, John. (N. R.) April, 1849. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. U. S. Navy Sept. 1841-May, 1850. 
 
 *Hatfield, Nathan L. Jan. 1855. b. Aug. 2, 1804. d. Aug. 29, 1887. 
 A.B. Univ. Pa., M.D. 1826, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Northern 
 Med. Assoc. Philad., P. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Board of Health 
 Philad., P. 1846-48; Amer. Med. Assoc. 18i8; Med. Soc. State Pa., 
 V.P. 1866; Alumni Assoc. Jefferson Med. Coll., P. 1874; Rocky Moun- 
 tain Med. Assoc. ; California State Med. Assoc. Consult. Phys. North- 
 ern Disj^ens. 
 
 *Hayes, Isaac I. (N. R.) Jan. 1865. b. March 5, 1832. d. Dec. 17, 1881. 
 
 M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Surg. Second Grinnell Polar Exped. 1853-55. 
 
 Commander Arctic Exploring Exped. 1850-61. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 
 Philad. Jan. 1856; Anthracite Coal Co. N. Y., P. 1865; N. Y. State 
 
 Assembly 1875-81. Brigade Surg. U. S. V. 1861-65. 
 
 *Hays, Isaac. Sept. 1835. b. July 5, 1796. d. April 12, 1879. 
 
 A.B. 1816, M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Surg. Pa. Infirm, for Diseases of 
 the Eye and Ear, 1822-27 ; Wills Hosp. 1834-54; Phys. Philad. Orphans' 
 Asylum ; Philad. Dispens. ; Southern Dispens. ; Pa. Instit. for Instruct, 
 of the Blind. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. ; Kappa Lambda. Soc. ; Alumni Assoc. Med. Dep. Univ. 
 Pa., V. P. ; Ophthalmological Soc. Philad., P. ; Corres. Gynecological 
 Soc. Boston; Med. Soc. Hamburg; Societe Universelle d' Ophthalmo- 
 logic ; Cengres Medicale Internationale de Paris ; (Honorary) Amer.
 
 234 APPENDIX. 
 
 Ophthalmological Soc. ; of the State Med. Societies of New York and 
 Rhode Island; Med. Soc. Baltimore; Acad. Med. Abington, Va.; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1847, Treasurer 1848-52, Chair. Com. Publicat. 1847-53 ; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1818, Pub. Com. Dec. 1821-Dec. '25, 
 Curator 1821-31, P. Dec. 1865-Dec. '69. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1830, 
 Councillor 1853-77. 
 
 Hays, I. Minis. Jan. 1872. b. July 26, 1847. 
 
 A.B. 1866, M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Memb. Assoc. Amer. Phys ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 1886; Sec-General Inter- 
 national Med. Congress 1876. 
 
 Hearn, Joseph. April, 1882. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Jefferson Med. Coll. Surg. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. ; 
 Philad. Hosp. 
 
 *Hendekson, Andrew Augustus. July, 1864. b. Feb. 14, 1816. d. April 4, 
 1875. 
 M.D. 1838, Jefferson Med. Coll. Asst. Surg. Sept. 1841, Surg. March, 
 1856, Med. Director March, 1871, U. S. Navy. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. July, 1848 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1862. 
 
 *Henry, Bernard. April, 1851. d. July 4, 1860. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg.'u. S. Navy Nov. 184^0ct. '50; 
 Asst. Surg. First Troop Philad. Cavalry 1854. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. May, 1849. 
 
 Henry, Frederick Porteous. June, 1884. b. July 21, 1844. 
 
 M.D. 1868, Coll. Phys. and Surg. New York. Memb. Pathological 
 Soc. Philad. (V. P. and Treasurer) 1870; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1879; Amer. Med. Assoc 1880 ; Amer. Assoc. Phys. 
 1886. Prof. Pathology and Microscopy, Philad. Polyclinic 1882-85 ; 
 Prof. Clin. Med. Philad. Polyclinic 1885. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 1874; 
 Consult. Phys. Home for Consumptives, 1882. 
 
 IIHess, Robert J. April, 1878. ft. Nov. 7, 1888. 
 
 M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1876, Re- 
 corder Biolog. and Microscop. Sect. 1878 . 
 
 Hewson, Addinell. Jan. 1853. 
 
 M.D. 1850, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. 1851-52, Attend. Surg. 1861-77 
 Pa. Hosp. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1853; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1855. 
 
 *Hewson, Thomas Tickell. Dec. 1801. b. April 9, 1773. d. Feb. 17,1848. 
 
 A.B. 1789, Coll. Philad. ; M.D. 1822, Honorary, Univ. Harvard. Phys. 
 
 Walnut Street Prison 1806 ; Philad. Hosp. 1811 ; Phys. Orphan Asylum
 
 APPENDIX. 235 
 
 1817-37 ; Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1818-35. Memb. Edinb. Med. Soc. 1796 ; 
 Amer. Pliilos. Soc. April, 1801-39, Curator 1817-21, Sec. 1821-22 ; Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Dec. 1803. Prof. Comparat. Anat. Univ. Pa. 1816. 
 
 HiNKLE, A. G. B. Jan. 1872. 
 
 M.D. 1857, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. So. Philad. Sept. 1867 ; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 
 
 *HoDGE, Hugh. Dec. 1793. d. July, 1798, set. 43. 
 
 A.M. 1773, Coll. N. J. Surgeon's Mate Revolutionary Army. Memb. 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1796. 
 
 *HoDGE, Hugh L. April, 1827. b. June 27, 1796. d. Feb. 26, 1873. 
 
 A.M. 1814, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1872, Coll. N. J. 
 Phys. Southern Dispensary 1820 ; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1832-54 ; Lecturer 
 on Princip. Surg. Med. Instit. Philad. 1823 ; Prof. Obstetrics and Dis- 
 eases of Women and Children, Univ. Pa. 1835-63. Memb. Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. April, 1832 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848. 
 
 *HoDGE, Hugh Lenox. April, 1863. b. July 30, 1836. d. June 16, 1881. 
 A.B. 1851, A.M., M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1858-60; 
 Demonstrator Surgery, Univ. Pa. 1863 Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862. 
 Pa. Reserve Corps Surgs. ; Surg. Children's Hosp. 1864; Surg. Presby- 
 terian Hosp. 1872. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Pathological Soc. 
 Philad., P. 1876. Demonstrator Anat. Univ. Pa. 1870-81. 
 
 Holland, James W. Dec. 1885. b. April 24, 1849. 
 
 A.M. 1866, Univ. Louisville; M.D. 1869, Jefferson Med. Coll. Prof. 
 Med. Chemistry and Mat. Med. 1875, and of Theory and Pract. Med. 
 1883, Univ. Louisville ; of Med. Chemistry and Toxicology, Jefferson 
 Med. Coll. 1885. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 1886. 
 
 *HoLLiNGSWORTH, Samuel L. April, 1849. d. Dec. 14, 1873. 
 
 M.D. 1842, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1839, Censor 
 1859; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 *HooPER, William H. April, 1852. d. Dec. 18, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1854- 
 June, 1877. 
 
 Hopkins, William Barton. April, 1879. 
 
 M.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1875-77, Surg. Out-patients 1881, Pa. 
 Hosp.; Out-patients Univ. Hosp. 1877-86; Episcopal Hosp. 1879-84 ; 
 Attend. Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 1884; Assist. Demonstrator Surg. Univ. 
 Pa. 1877-85. Prof. Clinical Surg. Philad. Polyclinic. Memb. Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc.
 
 236 APPENDIX. 
 
 *HoPKiNS, Samuel C. Aug. 1817. d. April 28, 1818. 
 M.D. 1816, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *HoPKiNSON, Joseph. April, 1852. b. March 30, 1816. d. July 11, 1865. 
 M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. U. S. Xavy Oct. 1840-Sept. '52; 
 Director U. S. Army Mower Hosp. Chestnut Hill Pa. Oct. 1862. Memb. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1852. 
 
 HoRX, George H. Oct. 1867. b. April 7, 1840. 
 
 M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Entomological Soc. 1860, P. 
 1883; California Acad. Sc. 1862; Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. 1866, Corres. 
 
 Sec. 1876 ., Director Entomological Section 1883 . ; Amer. 
 
 Philos. Soc. Oct. 1868, Sec. Jan. 1887 ; Societe Entomologique de 
 Rnsscie, 1872 ; Cambridge Entomological Club, 1876 ; Societe FrauQaise 
 d'Entomologie 1884; K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesellschaft, Wien, 1884; Hon. 
 Memb. Entomological Soc. Canada 1868; Entomologische Verein zu 
 Stettin 1884; Brooklyn (X. Y.) Entomological Soc. 1885 ; Societe Ento- 
 molgique de France, 1885. Assist. Surg. 2d Cal. Cavalry, May, 1863 ; 
 Surg. 2d Regt. Cal. Vol. Oct. 1865. 
 
 HoRWiTZ, Phineas J. June, 1884. b. March 3, 1822. 
 
 M.D. 1845, Univ. Md. Assist. Surg. U. S. Navy 1847, Surg. April, 
 1861, Med. Inspector March 3, 1871, Med. Director June, 1873 ; Chief of 
 Bureau Med. and Surg. Navy Dept. July 9, 1865-July '69. 
 
 IIHowELL, Edward Y. June, 1832. 
 M.D. 1822, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Howell, Samuel B. April, 1868. 
 
 M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. Xov. 1855, 
 Record. Sec. Feb. 1867-Dec. 1874; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. Prof. 
 Minerology and Geology Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Chemistry and Mat. Med. 
 Philad. Dental Coll. Phys. House of Refuge 1880 . 
 
 Hughes, DA^'IEL E. (N. R.) Oct. 1882. Aug. 5, 1851. 
 
 M.D. 1878, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Jled. Soc. ; 
 Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. April, 1883 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. Demon- 
 strator Clin. Med. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1880-85. 
 
 HuiDEKOPER, Rush Shippen. Jan. 1881. b. May 3. 1854. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Veterinaire 1882, Alfort, France Memb. Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1880 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; U. S. Veterin. Med. 
 Assoc. ; Maj. Brig. Surg. First Brigade V. G. Pa. 1878. Prof. Internal 
 Pathology and Zootechnics ; Dean Veterinary Faculty, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Hunt, John Gibbons. May, 1884. b. July 27, 1826. 
 
 M.D. 1850, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Xat. Sc. July, 1858, Conservator 
 Biol, and Micros. Sect. 1872-80. Prof. Histology and Microscopy 
 AVoman's Med. Coll. Pa.
 
 APPENDIX. 237 
 
 Hunt, William. April, 1854. b. Sept. 26, 1825. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852; Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. Jan. 1855; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Philad. Acad. Sur- 
 gery 1879; Honorary, Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1882; Alumni Soc. Med. 
 Dept. Univ. Pa. ; Historical Soc. Pa. Director Philad. Contribution- 
 ship 1882. Trustee Univ. Pa. 1879. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1850-52; 
 Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 1863-68; Wilis Hosp. 1857-63; Act. Assist. 
 
 Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64; Attend. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1863 . ; Orthopoedic 
 
 Hosp. ; Consult. Surg. Pa. Instit. lor Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 *HuNTER, Charles T. Jan. 1871. b. Jan. 13, 1843. d. April 27, 1884. 
 M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Eesid. 1869, Surg. Out-patients, Pa. Hosp. 
 Demonstrator Surg. Demonstrator Anat. Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. 
 Univ. Hosp. Memb. Acad. Surgery; Pathological Soc. Philad.; 
 Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1878. 
 
 *HuSTON, Robert M. Sept. 1826. b. 1794. d. Aug. 3, 1864. 
 
 M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and 
 Children 1838 ; Prof. Mat. Med. and General Therapeutics 1841-57, Jef- 
 ferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. P. 1844; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1848. 
 
 *HuTCHiNSON, James. Jan. 1787. b. Jan. 29, 1752. d. Sept. 7, 1793. 
 
 A.B., M.D. 1774, ? Coll. Philad. Surg.-Genl. Pa. Amer. Army 1777. 
 Trustee and Prof. Mat. Med. Univ. State Pa. 1779; Prof. Chemistry 
 Univ. Pa. 1791. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1777-78—1779-93. Phys. Port 
 Philad. Memb. Committee of Safety. Fleet Surgeon Pa. Navy. 
 
 Hutchinson, James H. Jan. 1863. b. Aug. 3, 1834. 
 
 A.B. 1854, A.M. 1857, M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 
 1862-65. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1858, Sept. 1863-67, P. 1871 
 -73; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Obstetrical Soc. Philad.; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1864; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1858; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 April, 1884. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 1863-68; Children's Hosp. 1862; 
 
 Pa. Hosp. 1868 .; Trustee Univ. Pa. 1878; Director Philad. Lib. 
 
 Co. ; Director Nat. Bank of Commerce . 
 
 Hutchinson, Mahlon P. Sept. 1845. ft. 1848. 
 M.D. 1842, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Ingham, James Verree. Jan. 1871. b. July 5, 1843. 
 
 M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1866-79; 
 Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1871 ; Constit. Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876. 
 Resid. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. Oct. 1866-Dec. '67; Visit. Phys. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1872-75; Obstetrician Maternity Hosp. 1873-82; Chair. Ex. 
 Com. Maternity Hosp. 1882.
 
 238 APPENDIX. 
 
 Jackson, Edward. Nov. 1885. b. March 30, 1856. 
 
 C.E. 1874, A.M. 1879, Union Coll.; M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Asst. 
 Phys. Philad. Dispensary 1878; Phys. West Chester Dispensary 1882 
 -84; Clinical Asst. Eye and Ear Dept. Pa. Hosp. 1884-85; Chief, Eye 
 Clinic Philad. Polyclinic 1885. Memb. Chester Co. Med. Soc. 1879 
 -85; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1881, Sec. 1882-83; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1883; 
 Amer. Acad. Med. 1883; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc, 1885; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1885. 
 
 tJACKSOX, Samuel, of Northumberland. May, 1838. res. Dec. 7, 1859. 
 d. Dec. 17, 1869. 
 
 M.D. 1812, Univ. Pa. Merab. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. P. 1849; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. 
 
 *Jackson, Samuel. Nov. 1848. b. March 22, 1787. d. April 4, 1872. 
 
 M.D. 1808, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1804; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. P. 1849; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Board Health, Philad. 
 P. 1820; Acad. Med. P. 1821; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. Jan. 1823. Corres. Academie Eoyale de Medecine de France 1836. 
 Prof. Mat. Med. Philad. Coll. Pharmacy 1821-25; Prof. Institutes Med. 
 Univ. Pa. 1825-63. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1822-45. 
 
 * James, Thomas C. Oct. 1795. b. Aug. 31, 1766. d. July 5, 1835. 
 
 M.B., Univ. State Pa. 1787. Consult. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1814; 
 Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1807-32. Prof. Midwifery Univ. Pa. 1810-34. Memb. 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1797, Council 1802-21 ; Acad. Nat Sc. Philad. 
 March, 1814. Manager Humane Soc. ; Union Benevolent Soc. 1832. 
 
 *Janney, Benjamin S. Sept. 1845. b. Feb. 21, 1799. d. Jan. 8, 1859. 
 
 M.D. 1813, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1808-13. Memb. Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. V. P. 1858-59 ; Constit. Northern Med. Assoc. ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1847. 
 
 *Jaedine, Lewis J. July, 1800. Elected Assoc. 
 
 *Jenks, William F. April, 1871. d. Oct. 13, 1881. 
 
 M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 
 
 *Jewell, Wilson. July, 1851. b. Nov. 12, 1800. d. Nov. 4, 1867. 
 
 M.D. 1824, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1820; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. P. 1863; Northern Med. Assoc; Quarantine and Sanitary 
 Assoc. P. 1857; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, V. P. 1862; Board Health 
 Philad. P. 1855-57. Phys. House of Eefuge, 1835. 
 
 IJOHNSTON, S. PoYNTELL. Dec 1840, removed 1844. d. Oct. 4, 1872. 
 
 M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1835-Aug. '48. Visit. 
 Phys. Pa. Instit. for Instruction of the Blind, 1841-44.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 *JoHNs\'ON, William N. April, 1856. d. July, 1870. 
 
 M.D. 1829, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pliilad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 *J0NES, JOHK. Jan. 1787. b. 1729. d. June 23, 1791. 
 
 M.D. Univ. Rheims. Surg, and Examiner Revolutionary Army; 
 Prof. Surgery Kings Coll. N. Y. Consult. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 
 1786; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1780-91; Health Officer Philad. 1780-89. 
 Memb. Humane Soc. P.; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1769, Council. 
 1789. 
 
 Jones, S. Preston. (N. R.) April, 1864. 
 M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. 
 
 JuDD, Leonardo da Vinci. Oct. 1885. b. Jan, 11, 1842. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881 ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1884; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1886; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. 1886; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1886. Phys. Pa. Retreat for 
 Blind Mutes and the Aged and Infirm, 1884. 
 
 JUDSON, Oliver Albert. Oct. 1867. b. Sept. 28, 1830. 
 
 M.D. 1851, Jefferson Med. Coll. Phys. Philad. Disp. 1852-56 ; Howard 
 Hosp. 1856-61; Philad. Hosp. 1858-61; Brigade Surg. Vol. 1861, Brevt. 
 Lt.-Col. 1865, Brevt. Col. 1865. Manager Burd Orphan Asylum 1868 
 -82; Manager Pa. Instit. for Instruct. Blind 1878; of Children's Hosp. 
 Philad. 1879. 
 
 Jurist, Louis. Feb. 1886. b. April 10, 1855. 
 
 M.D. 1880, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. ; German Med. Soc. Philad. Chief of Throat 
 Dept. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. Lecturer on Laryngology, Jefferson 
 Med. Coll. 
 
 Keating, John M. Oct. 1877. 
 
 M. D. 1873, Univ. Pa. Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. St. Joseph's 
 Hosp. ; Maternity Hosp. 
 
 Keating, William V. July, 1849. b. April 4, 1824. 
 
 A.B. 1842, St. Mary's Coll. ; M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1853; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., Jan. 1853; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 April, 1854 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1884. Consult. Phys. St. Joseph's 
 Hosp. 1849 ; St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, 1850. Prof. Midwifery and 
 Diseases of Women and Children Jefferson Med. Coll. 1860-62. [Alarm- 
 ing illness induced him to resign.] Med. Director U. S. A. Hosp. 
 (Broad and Cherry Streets, Philad.), 1862-65. Manager Philad. Saving 
 Fund, 1856.
 
 240 APPENDIX. 
 
 Keen, William W. Jau. 18G7. b. Jan. 19, 1837. 
 
 A. B. 1853, High School, Philad. and Brown Univ. 1859; M.D. 1862, 
 Jefferson Med. Coll. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64. Memb. Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1867; Sec. Philad. Pathological Soc; Constit. 
 Amer. Surg. Assoc. ; Philad. Acad. Surg. ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. 
 Philad. ; Clinical Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, V. P. 1887 ; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. July, 1884. Lect. Anat. and Operat. Surg. Philad. School 
 of Anat. 1866-7f» ; Lecturer on Pathol. Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1866; of Women's Hosp. 1884; of Mission 
 Hosp. and of Philada. Home for Incurables. Prof. Principles and 
 Practice of Surgery, Woman's Med. Coll. 1884; Prof. Artistic Anat. 
 Pa. Acad. Fine Arts, 1876. 
 
 tKELLER, William. Jan. 1852. Res. Feb. 5, 1862. 
 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1848. 
 
 IIKenxedy, Alfred L. Jan. 1852. ft. March 7, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State 
 Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853. 
 
 King, Charles Ray. (N. R.) Dec. 1844. b. March 16, 1813. 
 
 A.B. 1831, Columbia Coll. N. Y., M.D. 1834, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1843; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; New York His- 
 torical Soc. ; Historical Soc. Pa. ; Overseer Philad. Divinity School P. 
 E. Church 1862 . 
 
 *KiNG, William M. Jan. 1864. b. June, 1836. d. March 14, 1880. 
 
 M.D. 1858, Jefferson Med. Coll. A.ssist. Surg. Dec. 1858, Surg. Feb. 
 1870, Med. Inspector May, 1875, U. S. Navy. Memb. Acad Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. Oct. 1869. 
 
 KiRKBRiDE, Joseph J. Oct. 1875. b. Aug. 4, 1842. 
 
 Grad. Pharm. 1870, Philad. Coll. Pharm. ; M.D. 1872, Univ. Pa. 
 Memb. Alumni Assoc. Philad. Coll. Pharm. 1870; Alumni Soc. Med. 
 Dept. Univ. Pa. 1872; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1879; Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. 1879; Photographic Soc. Philad. 1883; Franklin Institute Pa. 
 1884; Historical Soc. Pa. 1885. Phys. Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1872; 
 Exam. Phys. Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. 1873. 
 
 *KiRKBRiDE, Thomas S. Jan. 1839. b. July 31, 1809. d. April 16, 1885. 
 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. LaFayette Coll. Resid. Asylum [for 
 the Insane] at Frankford, Pa. ] 832-33 ; Pa. Hosp. 1833-35 ; Phys. in 
 Chief and Superintendent Pa. Hosp. for the Insane 1840-85 ; Phys. House 
 of Refuge 1840. Memb. Assoc. Med. Superintend. Amer. Institut. for 
 the Insane, Oct. 1844, Sec. 1844-51, V. P. 1851-58, P. 1858-66 ; Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Nov. 1831 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1851. Trustee Pa. State
 
 APPENDIX. 241 
 
 Lunatic Hosp. at Harrisburg 1851-53. Visit. Phys. 1837-41, Corres. 
 Sec. 1854^59, V. P. 1859-85, Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind. 
 
 *Klapp, Joseph. April, 1848. b. Jan. 17, 1817. d. Feb. 26, 1885. 
 
 M.D. Univ. Pa. 1839. A Corporator Howard Hosp. 1853. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 *Klapp, William Henry. Aug. 1839. b. Oct. 14, 1808. d. Sept. 28, 1855. 
 A.B. 1827, M D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Assist. Phys. Catharine Street 
 Cholera Hosp. 1832 ; Phys. Philad. Co. Prison, 1838-52. Memb. Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1849; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 *KuHN, Adam, Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 17, 1741. d. July 5, 1817. 
 
 M.D. 1767, Univ. Edinb. Director-General of Hospital Amer. Army. 
 Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1774-81, and 1782-98 ; Philad. Dispens. 1786. Prof. 
 Mat. Med. and Botany, Coll. Philad. 1768 ; Prof. Theor. and Pract. Med. 
 Univ. State Pa., 1789. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1768, Curator 
 1769-72, Council 1788-1806. 
 
 *Lajus, D. Paul. July, 1849. d. Jan. 25, 1859. 
 
 M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1836 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849, P. 1853; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Northern 
 Med. Assoc. 1858. 
 
 *Lamb, John Feeguson. Jan. 1863. b. Dec. 28. 1791. d. April 26, 1869. 
 M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1850, V. P. 
 '52, P. '53 ; Northern Med. Assoc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa. 
 
 *Lang, Edmund. Nov. 1849. d. 1856. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. April, 1853. 
 
 La Roche, C. Percy. (N. R.) July, 1865. 
 
 M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. Jan. 1873. 
 
 tLA Roche, Rene. April, 1827. res. Jan. 1861. b. 1795. d. Dec. 9, 1872. 
 M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. July, 1827; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1823-Dec. '38; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 
 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Med. Soc. 1818, P. 1859; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Jan. 1827; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1856-57; Pathological 
 Soc, P. ; Board of Health Philad. ; Trustee Univ. Pa. Capt. Volun- 
 teers 1812-15. 
 
 *Leavitt, Thaddeus L. July, 1868. b. Sept. 20, 1840. d. Feb. 23, 1880. 
 M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65. Phys. 
 Germantown Dispens. 1866-77; Gerraantown Almshouse 1867-80; Ger- 
 mantown Hosp. 1870-79. 
 
 16
 
 242 APPENDIX. 
 
 ||Le Conte, Johx L. Oct. 1864. b. May 13, 1825. ft. July 3, 1878. d. Nov. 
 15, 1883. 
 A.B. 1842, St. Mary's Coll. Md.; M.D. 1846, Coll. Phys. and Surg. 
 N. Y. Act. Surg, and Med. Director U. S. A. 1862-65. Memb. Acad. 
 Nat. So. Philad. Feb. 1845, Corres. Sec. 1852-59, V. P. 1874, Director 
 Entomological Section 1876; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. 1848; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Jan. 1853, Sec. 1855-79, V. P. 1880-83. Amer. Assoc. 
 Advance. Sc, P. 1874; Soc. Royale des Sciences de Liege, Jan. 1852; 
 Franklin Instit. Pa. 1852; Nat. Hist. Soc. Montreal 1853; Die Natur- 
 forscher Gesellschaft zu Leipzic, 1854; Soc. Imper. des Sc. Naturelle de 
 Cherbourg 1854; Acad. Imper. des. Sc. Belles Lettres et Arts de Lyon, 
 1855 ; Acad. Literar. et Scientiar. Regia Borca Monacliii, 1856 ; Royal 
 Physical Soc. Edinb. 1857 ; Zoological Soc. London, 1857 ; Imper. Free 
 Economic. Soc. St. Petersburg, 1857 ; Kaiserlich-Konigliche Geolog. 
 Reichsanstalt, Vienna, 1857 ; Soc. Entomolog. Rossica S. D. 1860 ; U. S. 
 Nat. Acad. Sc. 1863 ; Soc. Entomolog. Beige, 1864 ; Linnean Soc. Lan- 
 caster, Pa. 1864 ; Essex Instit. Salem, Mass. 1866 ; Chicago Acad. Sc. 
 1869 ; Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sc. 1873 ; Cambridge Entomolog. Club, 1876 ; 
 Davenport (Iowa) Acad. Nat. Sc. Honor. Memb. Der Entomologische 
 Verein zu Stettin, 1859 ; Entomolog. Soc. London, 1863 ; Entomolog. 
 Soc. Canada, 1868 ; Soc. Entomolog. de France, 1879 ; Die Deutsche 
 Entomologische Gesellschaft, Berlin 1881. 
 
 *Leedom, J. M. April, 1864. d. Jan. 8, 1885. 
 M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Leffmanx, Hexjry. Dec. 1883. b. Sept. 9, 1847. 
 
 M.D. 1869, Jefferson Med. Coll.; Ph.D. (Honorary) Wagner Free 
 Inst. Sc. 1883 ; D.D.S. Pa. Coll. Dental Surg. 1884. Memb. Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. Sept. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879, Record Sec. 1880 
 -84; Soc. Public Analysts of England 1881; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. 
 Philad. 1883, Sec. ab origine; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1881. Assist. Prof. 
 Chemistiy Central High School Philad. 1876-80; Demonstrator Chem- 
 istry Jefferson Med. Coll. 1884-85; Prof. Chemistry Philad. Polyclinic 
 1883-84; Prof. Chemistry Pa. Coll. Dent. Surg. 1883— also in Wagner 
 Free Inst. Sc. 1875. Port Phys. Philad. 1885-87. Incorporator Amer. 
 Soc. for Prevent. Adulterat. of Food, March, 1885. 
 
 *Leib, Michael. March, 1788. b. 1759. d. Dec. 28, 1822. 
 
 Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1786-93; Attend. Phys. Bush Hill 
 Hosp. Sept. 12, 1793. Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. April, 1789 ; Democratic 
 Soc. and Sec. German Republican Soc. 1793. Represent, from Philad. 
 Co. Legislature Pa. 1797-98—1815-16. Presidential Elector 1808. 
 Lazaretto Phys. Sept. 1800. Memb. Congress 1799-1806 ; U. S. Senator 
 1808-14; Postma.ster Philad. 1814; Prothonotary U. S. District Court 
 Philad. Nov. 15, 1822.
 
 APPENDIX. 243 
 
 [It was determined, S^pt. 18lh, that Drs. Leib, Physick, Catheral, and 
 Annan should have entire direction of the Bush Hill Hospital, attend there 
 daily at 11 o'clock a.m., and each receive two guineas a visit. They declined. 
 The committee ordered, Nov. 9th, their bills to be paid, as follows: Dr. Physick 
 6 visits, £17.10; Dr. Catheral 2 visits, £7; Dr. Leib 3 visits, £10, and Dr. 
 Annan 2 visits, £7. 
 
 Sept. 22. Dr. Benjamin Duffield preferred his services which were accepted, 
 Nov. 21. The President was requested to communicate to Dr. Benjamin Duf- 
 field the thanks of the committee "for his attention to the afflicted at the hos- 
 pital, and to deliver to him a check for $500." [^See, Minutes of Proceedings 
 of the Committee, appointed Sept. 14, 1793, by the citizens of Philadelphia, 
 Northern Liberties, and Southwark, to attend to alleviate the sufferings of the 
 afflicted with malignant fever. 8vo. p. 223.] 
 
 [See, Martin's Bench and Bar, by John Hill Martin, Philad., 1883. Also, 
 Colonial Kecords and Pennsylvania Archives; and Congressional Directory, 
 by Ben. Perley Poore, Boston, 1878.] 
 
 [No record of the early life of Dr. Leib has been found. Ben. Perley 
 Poore, in his Congressional Directory, states that he was born in Philadel- 
 phia in 1759, and died there Dec. 28, 1822. Michael Leib was one of the 
 corporators of the College of Physicians. He was an apprentice of Dr. 
 Benjamin Eush. Probably he began to practise medicine as soon as he 
 was " out of his time." His name is not on the catalogue of the only med- 
 ical school in Philadelphia prior to his death. There is nothing to suggest 
 that he was ever abroad. It is presumed, therefore, that he never obtained 
 any collegiate degree in medicine. 
 
 The records show that he was engaged in politics during the last twenty- 
 five years of his life. It was said that he " rocked the cradle of Demo- 
 cracy " in the Northern Liberties, from which it may be fairly inferred that 
 he was an earnest and popular democratic politician.] 
 
 Leidy, Joseph. Aug. 1851. b. Sept. 9, 1823. 
 
 M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1886, Univ. Harvard. Prosector Anat., 
 
 Prof Anat. 1853, Univ. Pa. . ; Director and Prof. Zoology and Com- 
 
 par. Anat. Biological Dept. 1884, Univ. Pa. . ; Prof Nat. Hist. Swarth- 
 
 more Coll. 1871-85; P. Faculty Wagner Free Instit. Sc. 1885; Demon- 
 strator Anat. Franklin Med. Coll. 1847-52. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. July, 1845, P. 1882; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1849; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1854; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1845; New 
 York Acad. Sc. 1848; Hesse Nat. Hist. Soc. 1848; Amer. Acad. Arts 
 and Sc. 1849; Biological Soc. Paris, 1851; Moscow Soc. Naturalists, 
 1852; Mons. Soc. Sc. 1854; Elliot Soc. Nat. Hist. Charleston, S. C. 
 1855; St. Louis Acad. Sc. 1856; London Zoological Soc. 1857; Leopold 
 Carol. Acad. Sc, Bonn, 1857; Munich Acad. Sc. 1858; Prague Bohem. 
 Acad. Sc. 1860; Zoological and Botan. Soc. Vienna, 1861; Econom 
 Agricult. Acad. Florence, 1861; Geological Soc. London, 1863; Nat.
 
 244 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hist. Soc. Dublin, 1863; National Acad. Sc. U. S. 1S63; Essex Instit. 
 Salem, Mass. 1866; Linnean Soc. London, 1872; Anthropological Soc. 
 London, 1872; Cherbourg Soc. Nat. Sc. 1873; Nat. Hist. Soc. Mexico, 
 1874; Liverpool Lit. and Philos. Soc. 1877; Washington Biological 
 Soc. 1884; Copenhagen Soc. Sc. 1886. Pathologist St. Joseph's Hosp. 
 1852; Contract. Surg. U. S. A. General Hosp. Philad. 1862-65. 
 
 Leidy, Philip. June, 1885. b. Dec. 29, 1838. 
 
 M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Medico-Chirurgical Soc. P. 1868; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State 
 Pa. 1878; Juniata Valley Med. Soc. 1882; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. 
 Philad. 1883; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1886; Northern Med. Soc. 
 Philad. P. 1885. Eesid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1859-61; Surg. U. S. 
 Vol. 1861-65; U.S. Exam. Surg, for Pensions 1866-70; Port Phys. 
 Philad. 1874-83; Consult. Phys. Home for Incurables 1875-78; Con- 
 sult. Phys. Odd Fellows' Home 1878-87 ; Phys. in Chief, Philad. Hosp. 
 Insane Dept., 1886; Consult. Phys. Philad. Hosp. for the Insane, 1887; 
 Memb. (Sectional) Board of Education. 
 
 fLEViCK, James J. April, 1851. res. Sept. 1868. 
 
 M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1884, Haverford Coll. Memb. Philad. 
 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1853; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1865 .; Amer. Med. 
 
 Assoc. 1864; Historical Soc. Pa. 1855. Resid. 1849-51, Phys. 1856-68 
 Pa. Hosp; Phys. Wills Hosp. 1853-65; Magdalen Asylum, 1852 . 
 
 Lewis, Francis W. July, 1855. b. June 17, 1825. 
 
 M.D. 1846, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 
 1849; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1860; Pa. Prison Soc. Feb. 1865 ; His- 
 torical Soc. Pa. Phys. Children's Hosp. 1855-65; Act. Assist. Surg. 
 U. S. A. Hosp. Philacl. and Harrisburg, Pa. 1862-64; Surg. St. Joseph's 
 Hosp. 1863. 
 
 *Lewis, Frederick AV. Jan. 1870. d. Dec. 8, 1873. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868. 
 
 Lewis, Morris James. Jan. 1877. b. March 25, 1852. 
 
 A.B. 1871, A.M. Ph.D. M.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological 
 Soc. Philad.; Philad. Neurological Soc. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1874 
 -75 ; Disp. Phys. Children's Hosp. 1877 ; Disp. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1880 
 -81 ; Assist. Phys. Orthopoedic Hosp. 1877 ; Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 1881 ; 
 Children's Hosp. 1885. 
 
 Lewis, Samuel. Feb. 1840. b. Nov. 16, 1813. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Edinb., M.E.C.S. Eng. 1839. Memb. of the Royal Med. 
 and Royal Physical Societies Edinb. 1840; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 
 
 1855 . ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Constit. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 
 1860; Philad. Co. Med. Soc.
 
 APPENDIX. 245 
 
 *LiTTELL, Squike. May, 1836. b. Dec. 9, 1803. d. July 4, 1886. 
 
 M.D. 1824, Univ. Pa. Licentiate 1825, Acad. Med. Buenos Ayres. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1821 ; Soc. P. E. C. for Advancement 
 Christianity in Pa. Dec. 1833. V. P. 1870-86, Bishop White Prayer 
 Book Soc. Rec. Sec. 1834; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1855. Surg. Wills Hosp. Feb. 8, 1834, Dec. '64; Consult. Phys. Philad. 
 Dispens. Jan. 1866, July, '86. 
 
 *LiVEZEY, Edward. July, 1864. d. April 15, 1876. 
 M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Lloyd, James Hendrie. Nov. 1886. b. Dec. 1, 1853. 
 
 A.B. 1873, A.M. 1876, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 West Philad. Med. Soc. 1881; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1884; Philad. 
 Neurological Soc. (Sec.) 1884; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1885; Med. 
 Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885; Amer. Neurological Assoc. 1886. 
 Instructor Electro-therapeutics, Univ. Pa. ; Phys. in charge, Home for 
 Crippled Children. 
 
 *LoGAX, J. DiCKf:NSON. Feb. 1847. b. June 21, 1817. d. April 25, 1881. ^i 
 M.D. 1842, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1844-46. Memb. Philad. ( 
 Med. Soc. March, 1839; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1853; Biological 
 Soc. Trustee of the Loganian Library. 
 
 LoNGSTRETH, MoRRis. Oct. 1877. b. Feb. 24, 1846. 
 
 A.B. 1866, A.M. 1869, Harvard Coll.; M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 
 Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1870; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1882 ; Amer. Assoc. Phys. and Pathologists 1886. Resid. 
 Phys. Wills Hosp. 1869; Pa. Hosp. 1870-71; Philad. Dispensary 1871 
 -73; Pathologist and Curator 1871, Phys. Out-patients 1873-79, Attend. 
 Phys. 1879, Pa. Hosp. Lecturer Pathol. Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1876. 
 
 Ludlow, John Livingston. June, 1849. b. May 14, 1819. 
 
 A.M., M.D. 1841, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Constit. Med. Jurisprudence 
 Soc, Philad. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1847 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1855 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1857, Emeritus Phys. 
 1887 ; Senior Phys. Presbyterian Hosp. ab origine ; P. Board Exam. 
 Surgeons for Pensions, Aug. 1885. 
 
 *LuKENS, Charles. Feb. 1832. 
 
 M.D. 1816, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1815. 
 
 MacCoy, Alexander W. Nov. 1886. b. 1847. 
 
 A.B. 1866, A.M. 1868, Wittenberg, O. ; M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1882; Philad. Laryngological Soc. 1882; Med
 
 246 APPENDIX. 
 
 Soc. State Pa. 1883; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1884; Amer. Laryngological 
 Assoc. 1886. Lecturer on Laryngoscopy, Rhinoscopy, aud Diseases of 
 the Throat and Nose, Woman's Med. Coll. Pa. 
 
 *McClellan, George. May, 1839. b. Dec. 22, 1796. d. May 8, 1847. 
 
 A.B., A.M. Yale; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 
 Nov. 1817. Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1825-38, of which he 
 was the founder. Prof. Surgery Pa. Med. Coll. 1889-43. 
 
 McClellan, George. Oct. 1875. 
 
 M.D. 1870, Jefferson Med. Coll. Surg. Philad. Hosp. ; Howard Hosp. 
 Principal Pa. School of Anat. 
 
 *McClellan, John H. B. July, 1849. d. July 21, 1874. 
 
 M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1847; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849. Prof. Anat. Pa. Med. 
 Coll. 
 
 McFerran, J. A. Jan. 1871. b. Nov. 27, 1827. 
 
 M.D. 1847, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 Phys. Gynecological Hosp. and Infirmary for Children. Phys. Philad. 
 Hosp. 
 
 *McIlvaine, William. Nov. 1791. 
 
 Mallet, John William. (N. R.) Jan. 1885. b. Oct. 10, 1832. 
 
 A.B. 1853, Univ. Dublin; Ph.D. 1853, Univ. Gottingen; M.D. 1868, 
 Univ. Louisiana; LL.D. William and Mary Coll. Va., also, Univ. Miss- 
 issippi. Fellow Chemical Soc. Lond. 1857 ; F.R.S. Lend. 1877 ; Memb. 
 Chem. Soc. Paris ; German Chem. Soc. Berlin ; Amer. Chem. Soc. New 
 York, P.; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1885; Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of 
 Maryland; Med. Soc. Va.; Pharmaceutic Assoc. Va. Prof. Chemistry, 
 Univ. Alabama; Med. Coll. Ala. ; Univ. La. ; Univ. Va.; Univ. Texas; 
 Jefferson Med. Coll. ; Chemist, Geolog. Surv. Alabama ; Reporter on 
 Water Analysis for Nat. Board Health ; Lecturer Johns Hopkins Univ. 
 A judge in Chem. Dept. Centenu. Exposit. 1876. 
 
 IMason, John K. July, 1849. res. July 6, 1864. d. Oct. 2, 1872. 
 M.D. 1842, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853. 
 
 IIMaury, F. F. April, 1866. b. Aug. 9, 1840. ft. July 3, 1878. d. June 
 4, 1879. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1862-63 ; Act. 
 Assist. Surg. U. S. A. April, 1863, April, 1865; Accoucheur 1865, Sur- 
 geon 1866, Philad. Hosp.; Surg. Jefferson Coll. Hosp. 1877; Surgeon 
 1st Troop Philad. City Cavalry 1869. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad.
 
 APPENDIX. 247 
 
 May, 1868-June, 77; Pathological See. Philad. 1865; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1877; Dermatological Assoc. 
 
 *Maybury, William. Jan. 1852. b. June 3, 1816. d. Nov. 20, 1873. 
 
 A.B. 1840. Marshall Coll. ; M.D. 1843, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. V. P. 1858; Northern Med. Assoc. 1859 P. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. Oct. 1860-Aug. '73; Med. Soc. State Pa. P. 1866; Historical 
 Soc. Pa.; Franklin Instit. Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. P. Managers 
 Episcopal Hosp. ; Trustee Franklin and Marshall Coll. 
 
 Mayer, Edward R. (N. R.) 1850. b. July 18, 1823. 
 
 A.B. 1841, A.M., M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Memb. Luzerne Co. Med. 
 Soc. April, 1861 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1873. Senior Consult. Phys. and 
 Dean of Staff, Wilkesbarre City Hosp. 1871. 
 
 Mays, Thomas J. Oct. 1855, b. July 10, 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1868, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; 
 Deutsche Medizinische Gesellschaft Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1876. 
 Adjunct. Prof. Chest Diseases, Philad. Polyclinic. 
 
 Mears, J. EwiNG. Oct. 1868. b. Oct. 17, 1838. 
 
 A.B., B.S. 1858, A.M. 1876, Trinity Coll; M.D. 1865, Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1864, Sec. 1868-71, V. P. 1876- 
 77, 1878-81; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1870-Oct. '77; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1870; Constituent, Philad. Acad. Surgery, Sec. 1880-84, Re- 
 corder 1884 ; Constituent, Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1880, Recorder 1881 ; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1882; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883. Prof. Anat. 
 and Surg. Pa. Coll. Dental Surgery, 1870; of Dental Surgery, Jefferson 
 Med. Coll. 1872. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1870; Gynecologist Jefferson 
 Med. Coll. Hosp. 1876. 
 
 Meigs, Arthur V. April, 1875. b. Nov. 1, isio ^ 
 
 M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad.; Obstetrical 
 Soc. Philad.; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Resid. Pa. Hosp. Oct. 1872- 
 1874; (lately) Asst. Phys. Children's Hosp. Southern Home for Friend- 
 less Children ; Consult. Phys. Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind ; 
 Phys. Pa. Hosp. 
 
 *Meigs, Charles D. April, 1827. b. Feb. 19, 1792. d. June 22, 1869. 
 
 A.B. 1809, Univ. Georgia; M.D. 1817, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Dec. 1816 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1818-Sept. '22, and 
 April, '48-March, '62. Consult. Phys. and Instituent Memb. Board of 
 Managers 1833-69, Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. April, 1826, Councillor 1832-58; Kappa Lambda Soc. ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Society of Swedish Physicians
 
 248 APPENDIX. 
 
 1854 ; Corres. Hunterian Soc. 1854. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1838-49. Prof. 
 Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 1841-61. 
 
 *Meigs, James Aitkin. Oct. 1856. b. July 31, 1829. d. Nov. 9, 1879. 
 
 A.B. 1848, Central High School, Philad. ; M.D. 1831, Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. Memb. Franklin Instit. Pa. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1852, 
 Libr. Aug. 1856-May 31 '59 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1858 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Historical Soc. Wisconsin ; Medico-Legal 
 Soc. N. Y. ; Antiquarian Soc. Philad. ; New York Lyceum Nat. Hist. ; 
 Soci«5te d' Anthropologic de Paris ; Ethnological Soc. London ; Anthro- 
 pological Soc. Lond. ; Societas Medicorum Svecanse, Stockholm. Attend. 
 Phys. Howard Hosp. 1855-68 ; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1868-79 ; Phys. Philad. 
 Hosp. Lecturer Instit. Med. Philad. Coll. Med. 1857-59 ; Prof, of Pa. 
 Med. Coll. 1859-61 ; Prof. Instit. xMed. and Med. Jurisprudence, Jef- 
 ferson Med. Coll. 1868. Trustee Polytechnic Coll. ; Trustee Pa. Coll. 
 Dental Surg. 
 
 *Meigs, John Forsyth. June, 1843. b. Oct. 3, 1818. d. Dec. 16, 1882. 
 M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1838-40, Att. Phys. 1859-82, Pa. 
 Hosp. Consult. Phys. Children's Hosp. and of the Pa. Instit. for 
 Instruct, of the Blind, 1870. Lecturer on Obstetrics, on Practice of Med., 
 on Diseases of Children, Philad. Assoc, for Med. Instruction, 1843. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1841 ; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. April, 
 1852 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1852 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Ob- 
 stetrical Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med Soc. 
 
 Mifflin, Houston. (N. R.) Dec. 1884. b. Sept. 29, 1850 
 
 M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. Feb. 1881-June, '82. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1884. 
 
 Mills, Charles K. Jan. 1881. b. Dec. 4, 1845. 
 
 A.B. 1864, A.M. Central High School, Philad.; M.D. 1869, Ph.D. 
 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1870-77; Northern 
 Med. Assoc. Philad. 1870 ; Frankhn Instit. Pa. 1871 ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872; Centennial Med. Commis. 1875-76; Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 1876; Internat. Med. Congress, 1876; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1878, 
 V. P. 1884; Amer. Neurologic. Assoc. 1881, P. 1886-87; Nat. Assoc. 
 Protection of the Insane and Prevention of Insanity, 1882 ; Lehigh 
 Valley Med. Soc. 1883; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1884, V. P. 1884-87; 
 Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1884, V. P. 1885-87; Amer. Soc. 
 Physical Research, 1885, P. Philad. Branch 1885; Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc, V. P. 1881-82, Censor, 1883-86. Lecturer on Physics, Wagner 
 Free Instit. Sc. 1870-73; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1872 ; on Electro-therapeut. 
 Univ. Pa. 1877-82; on Mental Dis. Univ. Pa. 1881; on Nervous,
 
 APPENDIX. 249 
 
 Mental Diseases, and Electro-tlierapeut. Woman's Med. Coll. Pa. 1882 ; 
 Pliys. Northern Dispens. 1871-74 ; Dept. for Nervous Diseases St. 
 Mary's Hosp. 1872-74; Dispens. Episcopal Hosp. 1874-75 ; Chief of 
 Dispens. for Nervous Diseases, Univ. Hosp. 1874-82 ; Neurologist 
 Philad. Hosp. 1877, and Howard Hosp. 1879-85 ; Consult. Phys. State 
 Hosp. for Insane, Norristown, Pa., 1880 ; Consult. Phys. Pa. Training 
 School for Feeble-minded Children, 1882 ; also, Insane Dept. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1884. Prof. Diseases of the Mind and Nervous Syst. Philad. 
 Polyclinic and Coll. for Graduates in Med. 1884. 
 
 *MiNNiCK, Joseph P. Aug. 1801. (Elected Assoc.) 
 
 ^Mitchell, John Kearsley. Aug. 1827. b. March 12, 1793. d. April 
 4, 1858. 
 
 A.B. Edinb. ; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 July, 1822; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1827 ; Philad. Med. Soc. ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1850. Lecturer on Chem- 
 istry in Philad. Med. Institute, 1823-32 ; in Franklin Instit. Pa. 1826-40 ; 
 on Theory and Pract. Med. in Philad. Med. Instit. 1832-40 ; Prof. Theory 
 and Pract. Med. JefFersou Med. Coll. 1841-58. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1827-34. 
 
 Mitchell, S. Weir. Jan. 1856. b. Feb. 15, 1829. 
 
 M.D. 1850, Jefferson Med. Coll.; LL.D. 1886, Harvard Univ. Cor- 
 res. British Med. Assoc. 1860; Boston Med. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1861;, 
 Societe Academique La Loire Inferieure, 1872; New York Acad. Med. 
 1874; Honorary, Gynecological Soc. 1870; St. Andrew's Med. Grad. 
 Assoc. 1867; London Med. Soc. 1878; Med. Soc. of New Jersey, 1870; 
 Med. Soc. State of N. Y. 1877; Foreign Associate Med. Soc. Nor- 
 way, 1871 ; Philad. Med. Soc. April, 1852. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. Sept. 1853, Biolog. and Microsc. Section 1858-77, Director 
 1868-71; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1862; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. 
 (Associate) 1865 ; National Acad. Sc. U. S. Amer. 1865 ; Pathological 
 Soc. Philad. P. 1869; Med. Soc. State of New Jersey, 1878; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 1878 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880 ; Amer. Assoc. Phys. and 
 Pathologists, P. 1886. Trustee Univ. Pa. ; Director Philad. Lib. Co. 
 Phys. Southern Dispens. Philad. 1856; St. Joseph's Hosp. 1858; Sani- 
 tary Inspector U. S. A. ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. Army Hosp. for Dis- 
 eases and Injuries of the Nervous System, 1863 ; Visit. Phys. Pa. Inst, 
 for Instruct, of the Blind, 1861-67 ; Phys. Presbyterian Hosp. 1872 ; 
 Orthopoedic Hosp. and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, 1872 ; Consult. 
 Phys. State Lying-in Hosp. and Infirm. 1872; Insane Dept. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1884. 
 
 *Moehring, Gotthilf. June, 1842. b. Dec. 14, 1802. d. Oct. 9, 1881. 
 M.D. 1825, Univ. Berlin. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849. 
 Phys. German Benevolent Soc. Philad.
 
 250 APPENDIX. 
 
 Montgomery, Edward E. Oct. 1882. b. May 15, 1849. 
 
 B.S. 1871, Denison Univ. 0. ; M.D. 1874, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1882; Pliilad. Clinical 
 Soc. 1885, P. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1885, V.P. Resid. Phys. Philad. 
 Hosp. April, 1874, Jan. '75, Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1877-80. Prof. 
 Didactic and Clinic. Gynecology, Medico-Chirurgical Coll. Philad. 1886; 
 Gynecologist Medico-Chirurgical Hosp. Philad. 1886. 
 
 *MooRE, Charles. April, 1787. 
 Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1773-74. 
 
 *MooRE, John. Aug. 1815. b. May 4, 1778. d. May 23, 1836. 
 M.D. 1800, Univ. Pa. Obstetrician Pa. Hosp. 1820-29. 
 
 tMooRE, John Wilson. Dec. 1817. res. Feb. 2, 1869. d. June 25, 1865. 
 M.D. 1812, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1808-13, Phys. 1821-27. Pa. Hosp. 
 Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1814 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. April, 1849. 
 
 Morehouse, George R. July, 1863. 
 
 M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1856; 
 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1877, Council. 1882 . Phys. St. Joseph's 
 
 Hosp. 
 
 ^Morgan, John. Jan. 1787. b. 1735. d. Oct. 15. 1789. 
 
 A.B. 1757, Coll. Philad. ; M.D. 1763, Edinb. Corres. Royal Acad. 
 Surgery, Paris, 1864. Memb. Arcadian Belle Lettres Soc. Rome, 
 1764 ; F.R.S., London ; Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, 
 London, and Edinb. 1765 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1766. Prof Theory and 
 Prac. Med. Dept. Coll. Philad. 1765. Director-General of the Military 
 Hospitals and Phys. in Chief of the Amer. Army 1775-77. Phys. Pa. 
 Hosp. 1773-77 and 1778-83. 
 
 *MoRRis, Caspar. Sept. 1839. b. May 2, 1805. d. March 17, 1884. 
 
 M D. 1826, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1824-27. Memb. Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. June, 1829-Dec. 1838; Bishop White Prayer Book Soc. 1834; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1857-Dec. '60. Lecturer 
 on Pract. Med., Philad. Med. Instit. 1838-44; on Diseases of Children 
 1856-58 Philad. Hosp., Phys. House of Refuge 1832-34; Visit. Phys. 
 1834-41, a Manager 1849-59, V. P. 1860-70 Pa. Instit. for the Instruc- 
 tion of the Blind ; an Instituent Manager of the Episcopal Hospital 
 1851-84. 
 
 Morris, Caspar. May, 1886. 
 M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa.
 
 APPENDIX. 251 
 
 Morris, Henry. May, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1878, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 
 Morris, J. Cheston. Oct. 1856. b. May 28, 1831. 
 
 A.B. 1851, A.M., M.D. 1854, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 Oct. 1854 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. Dec. 1870 ; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1883 ; Pa. Horticultural Soc. 1886; Philad. Co. 
 Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Acad. Med. ; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 
 Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1854-57 ; Moyaraensing House of Industry ; 
 Foster Home for Children, 1857-63 ; Assist. Surg. 1854-57, Attend. Phys. 
 1857-72 Episcopal Hosp. ; Consult. Phys. Sheltering Arms 1882 . 
 
 pioRRis, John. Jan. 1787. b. Oct. 27, 1759. ft. 1789. d. Sept. 1793. 
 
 M.D. 1783. Univ. State Pa. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786. 
 
 *M0RT0N, Samuel George. Jan. 1845. b. Jan. 26, 1799. d. May 15, 1851. 
 M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa., 1823, Edin. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1829. Lec- 
 turer Pract. Med. Philad. Assoc, for Med. Instruct. 1830 ; Prof. Anat. 
 Pa. Med. Coll. 1839-43. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1819; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1820, Record. Sec. 1825, '29, Curator 1831-34, 
 Corres. Sec. 1831, May, '40, V. P. May, 1840-Dec. '49, P. Dec. 1849-May 
 15, '51; Pa. Prison Soc. Nov. 1827; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1828; 
 Philad. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Massachusetts Med. Soc. ; 
 Western Acad. Nat. Sc. St. Louis, Mo. ; Georgia Historical Soc. ; Lyceum 
 of Nat. Hist, of New York ; Boston Soc. Nat. History ; Amer. Oriental 
 Soc. Boston ; Amer. Ethnological Soc. N. Y. ; Med. Soc, Sweden ; Royal 
 Botan. Soc, Ratisbon ; Acad. Sc. and Letters, Palermo ; Royal Soc. 
 Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen; Acad. Sc, Letters, and Arts de 
 Zelanti di Arci-reale; Imperial Soc. Naturalists, Moscow; Med. Soc. 
 Edinburg ; Senckenburg Nat. Hist. Soc, Frankfort-on-Mayne. 
 
 Morton, Thomas G. July, 1861. b. Aug. 8, 1835. 
 
 M D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1864; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. (res.) ; Instit. Memb. Patho- 
 logical Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Surgical Assoc. 1880 ; Philad. Acad. Sur- 
 gery. Commissioner of Public Charities Pa. 1883 ; Chairman Lunacy 
 Commiss. Pa. 1886 ; Commiss. Pa. for Erection Norristown Hosp. ; 
 Amer. Soc. for Restriction of Vivisection, P. 1885-86 ; Soc. for Protec- 
 tion of Children from Cruelty, V. P. Resid. Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 
 1856; Wills Hosp. 1857 ; Pa. Hosp. 1857-58, Surg. Wills Hosp. 1859-74, 
 Emeritus '74; Consult. Surg. Pa. Instit. for Instruct of the Blind 1862; 
 
 Woman's Hosp. 1870; Surg. Feb. 1864 . Pa. Hosp.; Pathologist 
 
 and Curator 1860-64, Surg. Jewish Hosp. 1870; Consult. Surg. Pa. 
 Instit. for Deaf and Dumb, 1885 ; Surg, and a Founder Orthopoedic 
 Hosp. 1867 ; Phys. Howard Home 1865-75 ; Surg.-iu-Chief U. S. A.
 
 252 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hosp. Philad. 1863; Consult. Surg. U. S. A. (Mower) Hosp. 1863; 
 Prof, of Clinical and Operat. Surgery, Philad. Polyclinic and Coll. for 
 Graduates. 
 
 Moss, William. Oct. 1864. b. May 8, 1833. 
 
 M.D. 1855, Jefferson Med. Coll. Surg. 6th Pa. Cavalry, 1861 ; U. S. 
 Volunteers 1862. 
 
 MussER, John Herr. Oct. 1882. b. June 22, 1856. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1879 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1885; West Philad. Med. 
 Soc. 1885 ; Amer. Climatological Soc. 1886 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883. 
 Corres. Sec. 1881-87. Med. Registrar Univ. Hosp. 1878-81 ; Chief 
 Med. Dispensary Univ. Hosp. 1881; Pathologist Presbyterian Hosp. 
 1884 ; Attending Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1885. 
 
 MussER, MiLTOif B. Oct. 1884. b. Oct. 20, 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1868, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1871 ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1871 ;' West Philad. Med. Soc. 1879, P. 1881. 
 Phys. Old Men's Home, 1872 ; Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1877 ; Con- 
 sult. Phys. Educat. Home for Boys, 1878. 
 
 *MuTTER, Thomas Dext. May, 1836. b. April, 1811. d. March 16, 1859. 
 A.B. Hampden Sidney Coll. Ya. ; M.D. 1831, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1829 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1853, Rec. 
 Sec. 1835-36; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 
 1850; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1851. Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. 1841-56. 
 
 *Nebinger, Andrew. April, 1865. b. Dec. 12, 1819. d. April 12, 1886. 
 M.D. 1850, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. July, 1855, 
 Treasr. V. P. and P. 1870 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. July, 1866 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. V. P., P. 1879; Northern Med. 
 Assoc; Historical Soc. Pa.; Franklin Tnstit. Pa. Manager Wills Eye 
 Hosp. Memb. Board of Education Philad. 1868-86. Med. Director 
 St. Mary's Hosp. ; Surg. Cooper Shop Volunteer Hosp. Philad. ; Cor- 
 porator Cooper Shop Soldiers' Home. 
 
 Neff, Joseph Seal. Jan. 1886. b. Feb. 27, 1854. 
 
 A.B. 1873, A.M. 1876, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1875, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. June, 1880; Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 1879; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885. Phys. Out-patients Dept. 
 
 Pa. Hosp. 1879-87 ; Attend. Phys. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. 1882 . ; 
 
 Philad. Hosp. 1884 .; Coroner's Phys. 1881-83 ; Assist. Phys. Or- 
 
 thopoedic Hosp. 1879-81. 
 
 i-NEiLL, Benjamin D. Feb. 1839. res. Oct. 1840. ^ 
 
 M.D. 1833, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831.
 
 APPENDIX. 253 
 
 *Neill, Hejjry. June, 1811. b. 1783. d. Oct. 7, 1845. 
 
 M.D. 1807, Univ. Pa. Phys. Philad. Hosp.; Pliilad. Dispens. ; Wal- 
 nut St. Prison. 
 
 *Neill, John. Aug. 1846. b. July 9, 1819. d. Feb. 11, 1880. 
 
 A.B. 1837, A.M., M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Eesid. 1840-41, Surg. 1847, 
 Wills Hosp. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1852-59 ; Surg. Philad. Hosp. Phys. 
 Southeast Cholera Hosp. 1849. Contract. Surg. U. S. Army 1861-62 ; 
 Med. Director Home Guard, Surg. Vol. 1862, Med. Director 1863; Post 
 Surg. Philad. 1865-76; Surg. Pa. Instit. for the Deaf and Dumb, 1865; 
 Surg. Presbyterian Hosp. Assist. Demonst. Anat. 1842, Demonstrator 
 Anat. 1845; Prof. Clinical Surgery 1874, '75, emeritus, Univ. Pa. Lec- 
 turer on Anat. Philad. Med. Inst. 1846-50. Prof. Surgery Pa. Med. 
 Coll. 1854-59. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 Jan. 1849; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1838, V. P. 1859; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. May, 1852. 
 
 *Newbold, George L. Nov. 1843. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1839; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 fNoBLE, Charles. March, 1836. 
 M.D. 1827, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *NoREis, George W. June, 1839. b. Nov. 6, 1808. d. March 4, 1875. 
 
 A.B. 1827, M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Phys. 1830-33 ; Surg. 1836 
 -63 Pa. Hosp. ; Consult. Surg. Orthopoedic Hosp. ; of Children's 
 Hosp., P. Board of Managers; Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Societe Medicale d'Observation, Paris, 1834; Philad. Med. Soc. 
 V. P. 1859 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1847, V. P. 1850-51 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1858 ; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. April, 1844 ; Historical Soc. Pa. P. Director Philad. Lib. 
 Co. ; Director Mutual Fire Ins. Co. ; Philad. Savings Fund Soc. ; Trustee 
 Univ. Pa. 
 
 NoRRis, Herbert. July, 1869. 
 
 M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Phys. Catharine St. Dispens. Amer. Med. 
 
 Assoc. 1872. 
 
 Norris, Jr., Isaac. April, 1865. b. June 12, 1834. 
 
 A.B. 1852, A.M., M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 
 Jan. 1861, Treas. of its Biolog. and Microscop. Sect. 1872 . ; Amer. 
 
 Philos. Soc. Oct. 1872 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1866, Sec. March, 1879, 
 Jan. '82, Manager ; Historical Soc. Pa. June, 1859. Act. Assist. Surg. 
 U. S. A. Oct. 1862-65 ; Prof. Chemistry, Central High School, Philad. 
 Aug. 1866-Feb. '76. Phys. Philad. Dispensary, 1865-67.
 
 254: APPENDIX. 
 
 *NoRRis, John C. Jan. 1870. b. Oct. 2, 1834. d. March 13, 1885. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64. 
 
 NoREis, William F. Jan. 1866. b. Jan. 6, 1839. 
 
 A.B. 1858, A.M., M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1861-63; 
 Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1863-65. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. V. P. 
 1877; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1870, V. P. 1879, P. 1884-86; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1868; Amer. Philos. Soc. Dec. 1886. Surg. 
 
 Wills Hosp. 1870 . Prof. Ophthalmology Univ. P. 1876 . 
 
 Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1882. 
 
 Oliver, Charles Augustus. Feb. 1884. b. Dec. 14, 1853. 
 
 A.B. 1873, A.M. 1878, Central High School, Philad.; M.D. 1876, 
 Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1882 ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883 ; Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sc. 1884 ; Soc. Amer. 
 Naturalists, 1885 ; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1885; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. 1886. Eesid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. Jan. 1877-May, '78 ; Assist. 
 Phys. Univ. Hosp. 1878-80; Attend. Phys. Northern Dispensary, 1878 
 -80; Ophthalmic and Aural Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1883; Maternity 
 Hosp. 1886 ; Phys. [temporary substitute in the summers of 1885 and 
 '86] Wills Hosp. ; Visit. Phys. and Ophthalmologist, State Hosp. for 
 the Insane, Norristown, Pa., 1886. 
 
 O'Neill, J. W. April, 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Children's Hosp. and Southern Home. 
 
 OsLER, William. Jan. 1885. b. 1849. 
 
 M.D. 1872, McGill Univ.; Licent. Royal Coll. Phys. London, 1873, 
 Memb. 1878, Fellow, 1883. Prof. Instit. Med. McGill Univ. 1874-84 ; 
 Phys. and Pathologist, Montreal Genl. Hosji. 1878-84; P. Cana- 
 dian Med. Assoc. 1885; Gulstonian Prof Eoyal Coll. Phys. London, 
 1885 ; Cartwright Lecturer, Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. 1886 ; F.R.S. 
 Canada. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1887; Amer. Philos. 
 Soc. July, 1885; Royal Microscop. Soc. Phys. Univ. Hosp. 1884; 
 Philad. Hosp. 1886; Orthopredic Hosp. 1884. Prof Clinical Med. Univ. 
 Pa. 1884 . 
 
 *Otto, John C. March, 1819. b. March 14, 1774. d. June 26, 1844. 
 
 A.B. 1772, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1796, Univ. Pa. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 
 1798-1803; Pa. Hosp. 1813-35; Orphan Asylum; Magdalen Asylum. 
 Memb. Philad. Acad. Med.; Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1806; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Jan. 1817. 
 
 Packard, John H. July, 1868. b. Aug. 15, 1832. 
 
 A.B. 1850, A.M., M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 Nov. 1856-77; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1857, Sec. 1861-62, P. 1867-68 ;
 
 APPENDIX. 55 
 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1860; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1868, P. 1877-79 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876, V. P. 1879-80; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1877 
 Acad. Surgery Philad. 1879 ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1883 
 Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1881, Treas. 1881-84. Eesid. 1855-56, Surg. 1884 
 
 Pa. Hosp. ; Phys. Foster Home 1857-73 ; St. Joseph's Hosp. 1881 
 Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 1863-84 ; Sec. Surgical Section Interuat. Med 
 Congress 1876; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1861-65; Surg. Woman's 
 Hosp. 1876-77. Mutter Lecturer 1864-66. Director Acad. Fine Arts 
 Philad. 
 
 *Page, Edward A. Jan. 1863. d. Feb. 19, 1881. 
 
 M.D. 1852, Univ. Pa. Surg.U.S.V.; St. Joseph's Hosp.; Med. 
 Director Penn Mutual Ins. Co. 
 
 *Page, William Byrd. Dec. 1843. d. Feb. 18, 1877, set. 59. 
 
 M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med Soc. Jan. 1849; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1853 ; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa. Prof. Surg. Pa. Coll. Visit. Surg. 1844-54, Consult. Surg. 
 1854^62 Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind. 
 
 *Pancoast, Joseph. May, 1835. b. 1805. d. March 6, 1882. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1834-45 ; Surg. Pa. Hosp. 
 1854-64; Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1838-47; Prof. Anat. 
 1847-74. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1826 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 
 1849 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1847 ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1848 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1851. 
 
 Pancoast, William Henry. Jan. 1864. 
 
 A.B. 1853, A.M. Haverford Coll.; M.D. 1856, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Demonstrator, Adjunct Prof., and Prof. General, Descript. and Surg. 
 Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1874-86 ; Prof. General and Surg. Anat. 
 
 and Clinical Surgery, Medico-Chirurgical Coll., Philad. 1886 . ; 
 
 Trustee and V. P. Medico-Chirurgical Hosp. and Coll. ; Surgeon emeritus 
 Philad Hosp. Trustee and Consult. Surg. Charity Hosp. ; Pa. Free 
 Dispens. Skin Diseases. Corres. de la Societe des Hopitaux de Paris- 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. ; Med. Soc. State Pa., V. P. ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1868, V. P.; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1870; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Jan. 1883; Ninth Internat. Med. Congress, Memb. Execu- 
 tive Council, P. Sect, on Anat. 1887. 
 
 Parish, William Henry. Oct. 1882. b. Oct. 23, 1845. 
 
 M.D. 1870, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1873; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1874, V. P. 
 1881-82 and 1885-86; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State Pa. 
 1879 ; Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1885 ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad.
 
 256 APPENDIX. 
 
 1885; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1885. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1871 ; 
 Howard Hosp. 1873 ; Visit. Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. 1874 ; Obstetrician 
 Philad. Hosp. 1876; Prof. Anatomy, Woman's Med. Coll. Pa. 1882. 
 Prof. Obstetrics and Gynecology Philad. Polyclinic 1883. 
 
 *Parke, Thomas. Jan. 1787. b. Aug. 6, 1749. d. Jan. 9, 1835. 
 
 M.B. 1770, Coll. Philad. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1777-1823. Memb. Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Jan. 1794, Curator 1795-96. Director Philad. Library Co. 
 1778-1835. 
 
 *Pariiish, Isaac. May, 1836. b. March 19, 1811. d. July 31, 1852. 
 
 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1830-31 ; Phys. Cholera 
 Hosp. 1832 ; Surg. Wills Hosp. 1834. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 
 1831 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1846-47; Soc. for Abolition of Slavery; Philad. Soc. for Alleviating 
 Miseries of Public Prisons, Nov. 1834. 
 
 *Parrish, Joseph. Nov. 1810. b. Sept. 2, 1779. d. March 18, 1840. 
 
 M.D. 1805, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phys. 1806-35, Consult. Phys. 1835 
 -46 Philad. Dispens. ; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1816-29, Lecturer on Chemistry 
 1807-10. P. Board of Managers Wills Hosp. ; Pa. Prison Soc. Dec. 
 1802; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec, V. P. 1806; Pathological Soc. Philad.; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1815. 
 
 Pareish, Joseph. (N. R.) Oct. 1854. 
 M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Parrish, William H. 1882. 
 
 M.D. 1870, Jefferson Med. Coll. Prof Anat. Woman's Med. Coll.; 
 Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 
 
 *Parry, John S. Jan. 1870. b. Feb. 4, 1843. d. March 11, 1876. 
 
 M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1865-66 ; Visit. Ob- 
 stetrician Philad. Hosp. 1867 ; Distr. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1866 ; 
 Phys. for Diseases of Women, Presbyterian Hosp. 1872. Surg. State 
 Hosp. for Women and Infants, 1873. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 1867, V. P. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1870. P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 
 
 Paryin, Theophiltts. Dec. 1883. b. Jan. 9, 1829. 
 
 A.B. 1847, A.M. 1850, State Univ. Indiana ; M.D. 1852, Univ. Pa. ; 
 LL.D. Hanover Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1867, P. 1879; Amer. 
 Gynecological Soc. 1876 ; State Med. Soc. Indiana, P. 1861 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1885; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Honorary Fellow Edinb. 
 Obstetrical Soc. 1882. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and 
 Children, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Obstetric Staff, Philad. Hosp. 
 1884. .
 
 APPENDIX. 257 
 
 ^Patterson, Henry S. Aug. 1843. d. 1854. 
 
 M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1846 ; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 
 
 *Paul, John Marshall. May, 1835. b. Jan. 2, 1800. d. Dec. 18, 1879. 
 M.D. 1824, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1819. Phys. 
 House of Eefuge 1835. 
 
 *Paul, John Rodman. Feb. 1836. b. Jan. 24, 1802. d. Oct. 13, 1877. 
 
 A.B. 1820, M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1825-26 ; Manager 
 Wills Hosp., P. of the Board 30 years. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 
 1820; City Council 1844; Amer. Med, Assoc. 1847. Director Girard 
 Coll. ; Treasurer Washington Manufact. Co. 1859-69 ; P. Gloucester 
 Land Co. ; Director Philad. Contributionship ; of the Bank of Com- 
 merce ; of the Philad. Savings Bank ; Trustee Univ. Pa. 1869 ; In- 
 spector Philad. Co. Prison. 
 
 *Peace, Edward. March, 1839. d. Sept. 9, 1879, ret. 68. 
 
 M.D. 1833, Univ. Pa. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1840-61. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Nov. 1831; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1859; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 
 
 *Peace, Joseph. Oct. 1840. b. Jan. 14, 1807. d. July 25, 1845. 
 
 A.B. 1825, M.D. 1829, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 
 1831. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1827-29; Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1832; 
 Phys. Wills. Hosp. 1835. 
 
 *Pennock, Caspar Wistar. Sept. 1834. b. 1801. d. April 16, 1867. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1834. Phys. 
 Philad. Dispens. ; Philad. Hosp. 1835. 
 
 Penrose, Eichard A. F. April, 1854. b. March 24, 1827. 
 
 A.B. 1846, A.M. 1849, LL.D. 1872, Dickinson Coll. ; M.D. 1849 Univ. 
 Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1856 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 July, 1863. Eesid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1851-53; Phys. Southern Home 
 for Children 1853 ; Philad. Hosp. 1854 ; Preston Eetreat 1864 ; Univ. 
 Hosp. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Univ. 
 Pa. 1863 . 
 
 *Pepper, George. April, 1867. 
 
 M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1867. 
 
 *Pepper, William. May, 1839. b. Jan. 21, 1810. d. Oct. 15, 1864. 
 
 A.B. 1828, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. 
 Soc. Feb. 1831 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1837 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 
 17
 
 258 APPENDIX. 
 
 1847; Amer. Pbilos. Soc. April, 1851; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Phys. 
 Philad. Dispens. 1834; Wills Hosp. 1839-41 ; Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of 
 the Blind, 1841-44 ; Pa. Hosp. 1842-1858. Prof. Theory and Pract. 
 Med. Univ. Pa. 1860-1866. 
 
 Pepper, William. April 1, 1868. b. Aug. 21, 1843. 
 
 A.B. 1862, M.D. 1864, A.M. 1865, Univ. Pa.; LL.D. 1881, LaFayette 
 Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1865, P. 1873-76 ; Amer. Pbilos. 
 Soc. Jan. 1870 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1871 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 
 1867-Oct. 1876, Biological Sect. 1868-74, Director; Obstetrical Soc. 
 Philad. 1870-82 ; Amer. Neurological Assoc. 1874; Corres. New York 
 Soc. Neurology and Electrology, 1874 ; Honorary, N. J. Med. Soc. 
 1875; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872, Chairman Section on Med. 1886; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. ; Honorary, Harrisburg Pathological Soc. 1881 ; Amer. 
 Acad. Med. 1882 ; Honorary, Medico-Chirurgical Faculty, of Maryland, 
 1884 ; Amer. Climatological Soc. 1885, P. ; Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886. 
 Visit. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1867-84; Phys. Lincoln Instit. 1867-70 ; Phys. 
 Children's Hosp. 1870-72; Consult. Phys. St. Christopher's Hosp. 1886 ; 
 Curator Pa. Hosp. 1866-70; Curator Philad. Hosp. 1867-71; P. Foulke 
 and Long Institute for Orphan Girls, 1886. Lecturer, Morbid Anat. 1868 
 -70, Clinical Med. 1870-74, Physical Diagnosis 1871-73, Prof. Clinical 
 
 Med. 1874-84, Theory and Pract. and Clinical Med. 1884 ., Univ. 
 
 Pa.; Manager Univ. Hosp. 1874; Med. Director Centennial Internat. 
 Exhibit. 1875-76; Provost Univ. Pa. 1881- — . 
 
 Perkins, Francis Moore. Feb. 1884. b. June 6, 1851. 
 
 A.B. 1872, A.M. 1880, Williams Coll. ; M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. 1876 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1879 ; Amer. Acad. Med. 1880 ; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa. 1883; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885; Union League 
 Philad. 1883 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1884. Eesid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 
 1876-78; House Surg. Wills Hosp. 1878-79; Visit. Phys. 1879-86, 
 Consult. Phys. 1886, House of Eefuge ; Visit. Phys. Charity Hosp. 
 1880-85; Ophthalmic and Aural Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1885; Con- 
 sult. Ophthalmic Surg. Hosp. Good Shepherd, Eadnor, Pa., 1886. 
 
 PiERSOL, George A, May, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Assist. Demonstrator Normal Histology, 
 Univ. Pa. 
 
 Porter, William G. Jan. 1872. b. April 25, 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc, Sec. ; Obstetrical 
 Soc. Philad.; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872 ; Amer. Surg. Assoc. ; Philad. Acad. Surg. Attend. Surg. 
 Presbyterian Hosp. ; Surg, Philad. Hosp. ; Consult. Surg. Educational 
 Home; Consult. Surg. Philad. Dispensary.
 
 APPENDIX. 259 
 
 Potter, Thomas C. Dec. 1885. 
 M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. 
 
 fEAND, B. Howard. Oct. 1853. res. July 4, 1877. d. Feb. 14, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1848, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 
 1851, Rec. Sec. Dec. 1851, Oct. 31. '65.; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1857; 
 Franklin Instit. Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868. Prof. Chemistry Philad. 
 Med. Coll. 1859 ; Central High School Philad. 1859 ; Jefferson Med. 
 Coll. 1864-77. 
 
 ^Randolph, Jacob. Dec. 1838. b. Nov. 25, 1796. d. Feb. 29, 1848. 
 
 M.D. 1817, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1815 ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1847. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1833. Surg. Philad. Hosp. 
 1830 ; Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1835-48. Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa. 1848. 
 
 *Randolph, Nathaniel Archer. Jan. 1883. b. Nov. 7, 1858. d. Aug. 
 21, 1887. 
 
 M.D. 1882, Univ. Pa. Assist. Demonstrator of and Lecturer on 
 Physiology, Univ. Pa. 1882-86. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc, Philad. 1883 ; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1884 ; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1884 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1885. Prof. Hygiene Univ. Pa. 1886. 
 
 *Ray, Isaac. July, 1868. b. Jan. 16, 1807. d. March 31, 1881. 
 
 M.D. 1827, Univ. Harvard; LL.D. 1879, Brown Univ. Med. Super- 
 int. State Hosp., Augusta, Me. 1841 ; Superint. Butler Hosp., Provi- 
 dence, R. I., 1845, Jan. '67, Constit. Memb. Assoc. Med. Superinten- 
 dants of Amer. Instit. for the Insane, 1844, P. 1855-59 ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1872 ; Rhode Island State Med. Soc, P. ; Constit. Social Science 
 Assoc. Philad. ; Board of Guardians of the Poor, Philad. 
 
 *Redman, John. Jan. 1787. b. Feb. 27, 1722. d. March 19, 1808. 
 
 M.D. 1748, Leyden. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1751-80. Common Council, 
 Philad. 1751 ; Trustee Coll. Philad. 1765. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 Jan. 1768. 
 
 *Redman, Thomas. July, 1791. d, Feb. 8, 1830, set. 70. 
 
 Reed, Thomas B. April, 1866. 
 
 M.D. Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1877. 
 Attend. Surg. Presbyterian Hosp. 
 
 tREED, Thomas S. Nov. 1849. res. May, 1879. 
 
 M.D. 1846, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1872.
 
 260 APPENDIX. 
 
 Reese, Johx James. Dec. 1842. b. June 16, 1818. 
 
 A.B. 1836, A.M., M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 
 March, 1841, Treas. 1859 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852 ; Med. Jurisprudence 
 Soc. Philad. 1835, P. 1886-87 ; Corres. New York Medico-Legal Soc. 
 Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1861-63; Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 1864-84; 
 
 Phys. Philad. Orphan Asylum 1858 . ; Prof. Med. Chemistry Pa. 
 
 Coll. 1854-59; Prof. Med. Jurisprudence and Toxicology Univ. Pa. 
 1865 . 
 
 Reichert, Edward T. Oct. 1855. b. Feb. 5, 1855. 
 
 M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Neurological Soc. 1885 ; Amer. 
 Soc. Physical Research, 1885 ; Amer. Soc. Naturalists, 1885; Honorary, 
 Newark Med. Assoc. 1886. Demonstrator Exi)erimeut. Therapeutics 
 1879-84, Demon. Experimental Physiology 1884-86, Prof. Physiology 
 1886, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *REMiyGTOX, Isaac. March, 1850. b. Jan. 5, 1794. d. Nov. 10, 1862. 
 
 M.D. 1824, Univ. Pa. Memb. Northern Med. Assoc. Philad. ; Med. 
 Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. 1860. 
 
 Rex, Oliver P. Oct. 1883. b. Jan. 18, 1840. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1867-69. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 
 
 *Rhoads, Edward. Jan. 1867. b. Sept. 29, 1841. d. Jan. 15, 1871. 
 
 A.B. 1859, Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1863, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1863-64; Pa. Hosp. 1864-65. Lecturer Physical Diagnosis Univ. 
 Pa. 1870. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad., Treasurer 1864; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. April, 1868 ; Acad. Nat. So. Philad. May, 1868. 
 
 f Rhoads, James E. Jan. 1853. res. Jan. 4, 1882. 
 M.D. 1851, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Richardson, Elliot. Oct. 1871. b. Dec. 3, 1842. d. May 9, 1887. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869-81 ; 
 Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1872; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. 1881 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1882 ; Surg. Out-patients Pa. 
 Hosp. 1872-82; Gynecologist Pa. Hosp. 1882; Accoucheur Philad. 
 Hosp. 1886. Lecturer, Pract. Obstetrics 1877, Demonstrator Obstetrics 
 1883, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *RiCHARDSOX, Joseph G. Jan. 1869. b. Jan. 10, 1836. d. Nov. 13, 1886. 
 M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1868, Re- 
 corder Biolog. and Microscopic Section Dec. 1871-March, '77 ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1870 ; Board of Health Philad. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ;
 
 APPENDIX. 261 
 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Prevent. Adulterat. 
 of Food, March, 1885. Prof. Hygiene Univ. Pa. 
 
 *KiTCHiE, Thomas H. April, 1828. b. March 20, 1801. d. Sept. 16, 1836. 
 M.D. 1822, Univ. Pa. 
 
 IIROBERTS, Jacob. April, 1867. ft. Oct. 1879. b. March 21, 1836. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad.; Consult^ 
 Phys. Northern Home for Friendless Children and Soldiers' Orphans ; 
 Consult. Phys. House of Refuge ; Surg. Traction R.R. Co. 
 
 Roberts, John B. Oct. 1878. b. 1852. 
 
 A.B. 1871, A.M. 1874, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1874, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876, V. P. 1882; Mutual Aid Assoc. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881, V. P. 1882-83 ; Philad. Acad. Surgery, 1879, 
 Recorder 1880-82 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1876, V. P. 1882 ; Amer. 
 Surg. Assoc. 1882; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880; Med. Soc. State Pa.; 
 Philad. Clinical Soc. 1884, P. 1886; Amer. Acad. Med.;" Amer. Pub. 
 Health Assoc. 1886. Lect. Philad. School Anat. 1878-82 ; Prof. Anat. 
 and Surg. Philad. Polyclinic 1882, and Sec. Phys. Jeff. Coll. Hosp. 
 1877-78 ; Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1883 ; Surg. Out-wards Pa. Hosp. 1884; 
 Surg. Jewish Hosj). 1887. 
 
 Roberts, A. Sydney. April, 1882. b. Dec. 19, 1855. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1877-78, Surg. 
 1881-87; Surg. Out-patients Episcopal Hosp. 1878-80; House Surg. 
 Orthopcedic Hosp. 1881; Orthopoed. Surg. Univ. Hosp. Instructor, 
 Orthoposd. Surg. Univ. Pa. 
 
 *RoBiNETT, G. Herman. April,' 1854. d. April 9, 1872. 
 
 M.D. 1851, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1852. 
 
 *RoDGERS, John R. B. April, 1787. (Elected Assoc.) d. Jan. 29, 1833. 
 
 A.B. 1775, Coll. N. J. ; B.M. 1784, Univ. State Pa. ; M.D. Edinb. 
 Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Jan. 1787. Prof. Midwifery and Clini- 
 cal Med. Columbia Coll. N. Y., also in Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. 1811; 
 Health Officer Port N. Y. 1809 Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. Aug. 1787 ; 
 Med. Soc. City and Co. N. Y., 1807, V.P.-P. 1818; Med. Soc. State 
 N. Y., Censor 1811, P. 1813 ; New York Co. Med. Soc. 1819, P. ; on the 
 Pension Roll for services as Surgeon in the Revolutionary War. Memb. 
 State Soc. Cincinnati Pa. 
 
 Rodman, Lewis. Nov. 1843. b. June 12, 1806. 
 
 M.D. 1827, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. 
 Med. Soc. April, 1849; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1850 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc.
 
 262 APPENDIX. 
 
 Censor, 1859; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. Consult. Phys. Preston Retreat; 
 Phys. House of Refuge, 1838. 
 
 *RoGERS, Robert E. April, 1857. b. March 29, 1813. d. Sept. 6, 1884. 
 M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1883, Dickinson Coll. Chemist 1st 
 Geolog. Survey Pa. 1836-12 ; Prof. Chemistry, Univ. Va. 1842-52 ; Univ. 
 Pa. 1852-77 ; Jefferson Med. Coll. May, 1877-July, '84. Memb. Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1837; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1838-45; again, 1852, 
 Manager, 1857, V. P. 1858-75, P. 1875-79 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853 ; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1855, Council, 1877. 
 
 *Ross, Andrew. Jan. 1787. d. 1823. 
 
 Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1791. 
 
 *RUAX, John. April 1, 1823. b. June 19, 1771. d. July 2, 1845. 
 
 A.B. 1790, A.M. Coll. N. J.; M.D. Edinb. Hon. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. 1805. 
 
 EUSCHENBERGER, W. S. W. April, 1838. b. Sept. 4, 1807. 
 
 M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1825 ; Colum-. 
 bian Instit., Washington, D. C, 1830-31 ; Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 May, 1832, V. P. 1869, P. 1870-81, Chairman Trustees Build. Fund 
 
 1867 . Director Botanical Sect. 1876 ., of Biolog. and Microsc. 
 
 Sect. 1871-77, Conchological Sect. 1869 . Fellow Coll. Phys. and 
 
 Surgs. Univ. State N. Y., Feb. 1845; Corres. Amer. Instit. City N. Y., 
 June, 1845 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1849, Council. 1872-84, V. P. 1885 
 
 . ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1854; Philad. Co. 
 
 Med. Soc. April, 1853-60; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1859 .; Historical 
 
 Soc. Pa. 1865 . ; Centennial Med. Commission, V. P. 1875-76 ; In- 
 
 ternat. Med. Congress, 1876; Nat. Convent. Revis. Pharmacopoeia 1870, 
 
 and 1880 ; Philad. Social Sc. Assoc. 1871 . Soc. Alumni Med. Dept. 
 
 Univ. Pa. V. P. . ; Corres. Academia Reale Palermitana di Scienzi, 
 
 Lettere et Belle Arte, Oct. 1881 ; Pa. Prison Soc. June, 1882 ; Numismatic 
 
 and Antiquat. Soc. Philad. Nov. 1885, V. P. 1886 . ; Hortic. Soc- 
 
 Philad. March, 1886 . ; Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1886 
 
 . Surgeon's Mate, Aug. 1826, Surg. April, 1831, Fleet Surg. 1835, 
 
 Medical Director, March, 1871, U. S. Navy. 
 
 fRusH, Benjamin. Jan. 1787. b. Dec. 24, 1745. res. Nov. 5, 1793. d. 
 April 19, 1813. 
 
 A.B. 1760, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1768, Edinb. Prof Chemistry 1769, 
 Prof Theory and Pract. Med. 1879, Coll. Philad.; Prof Institutes Med. 
 and Clinical Pract. 1791, and in addition of Physick 1796-1813. Phys. 
 Pa. Hosp. 1783-1813; Philad. Dispens. 1786-1813; Resid. Port Phys. 
 1790-95; Surgeon Pennsylvania Navy, Sept. 27, 1775-Jaly 1, '76 [The
 
 APPENDIX. 263 
 
 pay was $16 a montli. See Pa. Archives] ; Phys. General of the Military 
 Hosp. of the Middle Dep. American Army, 1777-Jan. 30, 1778. Memb. 
 Continental Congress, July 20, 1776-Feb. '77 ; Pa. Convention for the 
 adoption of the Federal Constitution, 1787 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 
 1768, Curator, 1770, Sec. 1773-76, V. P. 1797-1800. Treasurer U. S. 
 Mint, 1799-1813. 
 
 IIRuTTER, David. Jan. 1837. 
 M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Sargent, Fitzwilliam. (N. R.) April, 1852. 
 
 M.D. 1843, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1843-45. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Nov. 1841. 
 
 Sargent, Winthrop. (N. R.) April, 1864. July 8, 1822. 
 
 A.B. 1842, Dartmouth Coll.; M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. Memb. Mont- 
 gomery Co. Med. Soc. ex-P., ex-Sec. 1848 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849 ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1856, Sec; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Surg, in 
 charge U. S. Army Hosp. 1862; Consult. Phys. Jewish Hosp. 1874. 
 
 *Say, Benjamin. Jan. 1787. b. 1756. d. April 23, 1813. 
 
 M.D. 1780, Univ. State Pa. Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. July, 1790 ; P. 
 Humane Soc. April, 1798. M. C. 1808. 
 
 ScHAFFER, Charles. Oct. 1866. b. Feb. 4, 1838. 
 
 M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1861 ; 
 Historical Soc. Pa. 1863 ; Pa. Horticultural Soc. 1864; Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1877 ; Amer. Assoc. Advanc. Sc. 1880 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1880. 
 Attend. Phys. Bedford St. Mission Hosp. 1874; Attend. Phys. Mission 
 Hosp. and Dispensary, 1875-80. 
 
 ScHELi., Henry Sayler. Jan. 1870. b. June 1, 1835. 
 
 A.B. 1853, A.M. 1858, Central High School, Philad. ; M.D. 1857, 
 
 Univ. Pa. Memb. Union League, 1862 . ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 
 1869; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1858-70; 
 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1878; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1877 .; 
 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1878. Assist. Surg. 1861-69 (Brevt. Capt. 1863, 
 brevt. Major, 1864, brevt. Lt.-Col. 1865), Med. Inspector Centre Div. 
 Army of the Potomac, 1862, Med. Insp. Dept. of the South, 1863, U. S. 
 Army ; Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1869-78; Dispens. Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 
 
 1872-75 ; Surg. Children's Hosp. 1877-1884 ; Wills Hosp. 1876 . ; 
 
 Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1879 . 
 
 *SoHOLFiELD, Edwin. July, 1865. d. 1871. 
 
 M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864.
 
 264 APPENDIX. 
 
 SCHWEINITZ, G. E. De. Jan. 1887. b. Oct. 26, 1858. 
 
 A.B. 1876, M.A. 1886, Moravian Coll. Pa.; M.D. 1881, Univ. Pa. 
 Memb. Pathological Sec. Philad. 1883; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1884; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1886; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1886. Assist. 
 Surg. Dispens. Diseases of Eye, Univ. Hosp. 1882; Prosect. Anat. 
 Univ. Pa. 1883; Surg. Registrar Univ. Hosp. 1883-85; Ophthalmic 
 Surg. Children's Hosp. 1885 ; Ophthalmologist, Orthopcedic Hosp. 1887. 
 
 fSEYBERT, Adam. Nov. 1797. res. Aug. 11, 1818. d. May 2, 1825. 
 
 M.D. 1793, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1797, Sec. 
 1798-1809, Council, 1811 ; Philad. Chemical Soc. ; Philad. Med. Soc. 
 
 Seyfert, Theodore F. April, 1875. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Phys. Gynecological Hosp. and Infirmary for 
 Diseases of Children. 
 
 Shaffner, Charles. June, 1884. b. March 14, 1846. 
 
 A.B. 1867, A.M., M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. 1870. Assist. Surg. Eye and Ear Dept. Philad. Dispensary 
 1871-87. 
 
 Shakespeare, Edward O. April, 1877. b. May 19, 1846. 
 
 A.B. 1867, Dickenson Coll.; M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. Memb. Del. Med. 
 Soc; Northern Med. Assoc; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological Soc. 
 Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Ophthalmologist, Philad. Hosp. ; 
 Lecturer on Refraction and Accommodation of the Eye, and Oph- 
 thalmic Surgery, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Shallcross, Morris C. June, 1846. d. Nov. 28, 1871, set. 80. 
 
 M.D. 1813, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849. 
 
 ^Shapleigh, Elisha B. April, 1868. b. Nov. 6, 1824. 
 
 A.B. 1846, Yale ; M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. July, 1853 ; Northern Med. Assoc. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 Surg, to Coroner, Philad. 1862-74. 
 
 Sharpless, John T. March, 1837. dropped Jan. 1846. d. April 22, 
 1883, set. 82. 
 M.D. 1822, Univ. Pa. Memb. Board of Health Philad. 1832. 
 
 The following note, dated Jan 1st, — "John T. Sharpless' particular respects 
 to the Fellows of the College of Physicians, and wishes to have his name re- 
 moved from the list of members " — was read at a stated meeting, Jan. 6, 1846. 
 After some discussion it was " unanimously resolved," [14 Fellows present] 
 that the name of Dr. John T. Sharpless be " removed from the list of Fellows." 
 Trans. Coll. Phys., Philad., Vol. I., p. 875, 1846. His recommendation of a 
 method of treating a certain nervous affection of spinsters, which is now prac- 
 tised, offended the ethical sense of the college at that time.
 
 APPENDIX. 265 
 
 *Sheppard, Frederick C. April, 1882. b. 1857. d. April 14, 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Resid. Children's Hosp. 1879; Univ. Hosp. 
 1880. Assist. Gynecologist, 1882, Univ. Hosp. Memb. Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 
 
 Shippex, Edward. Oct. 1876. b. June 18, 1826. 
 
 A.B. 1845, A.M. 1848, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864; Historical Soc. Pa.; International Med. Con- 
 gress, 1876. Assist. Surg. Aug. 1849, Surg. April, 1861, Med. Inspector, 
 March, 1871, Medical Director, March, 1876, U. S. Navy. 
 
 *Shippen, William. Jan. 1787. b. Oct. 21, 1736. d. July 11, 1808. 
 
 A.B. 1754, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1761, Edinb. Prof. Ana't. and Surgery 
 Coll. Philad. 1765; Prof. Anat. Surg, and Midwifery Univ. State Pa. 
 1780 ; Prof. Anat. Univ. Pa. 1791-1806. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1778-79, 1791 
 -1802; Chief Phys. of the flying camp, July, 1776; Director General 
 of all the Military Hospitals of the Armies of the U. S. April, 1777,. 
 Jan. '81. Consult. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786. Memb. Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Xov. 1767, Curator 1771, Sec. 1772; Pa. Prison Soc. May, 
 1787. 
 
 *SiLLiMAX, Henry R. Jan. 1870. d. Jan. 1, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1867-70. 
 
 SiMES, J. Hexry C. Oct. 1880. b. March 7, 1844. 
 
 Ph.G. 1864, Philad. Coll. Pharmacy ; M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Pathological Soc, Philad., V. P.; Philad. Acad. Surgery, Sec; Philad. 
 
 Co. Med. Soc. . Prof Genito-Urinary and Venereal Diseases, Philad. 
 
 Polyclinic. Surg. Episcopal Hosp. ; St. Christopher's Hosp. for Chil- 
 dren. Lecturer, Histology, 1877-82, Demonstrator Pathological His- 
 tology, 1878-82, Univ. Pa. 
 
 SiMPSOX, James. April, 1873. 
 
 3I.D. 1865, Jefferson Med. Coll. Phys. St. Maiy's Hosp. 
 
 SiNKLER, Whartox. April, 1872. b. Aug. 7, 1845. 
 
 M.D. Univ. Pa. 1868. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1868 ; Ob- 
 stetrical Soc. Philad. 1870 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1881 ; Amer. Neurological Soc. 1881 ; Philad. Neurological Soc. 
 1885 ; Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886. Attend. Phj's. Orthopoedic Hosp. and 
 Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, 1873. A Manager of Hosp. Prot. Episc. 
 Church, 1887. 
 
 *Skerrett, David C. Dec. 1840. d. Jan. 27, 1873. 
 
 M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc.
 
 266 APPENDIX. 
 
 *Slack, J. Hamilton. July, 1863. d. Aug. 27, 1874. 
 
 M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1857. 
 Fish Commissioner for the State of New Jersey. 
 
 *Slocum, Alfred M. Jan. 1857. b. Dec. 2, 1822. d. June 21, 1882. 
 
 M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1858. Resid. Wills Hosp. 1848; Northern Di^pens. 1848-54; 
 Visit. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. ; House of Eefuge 1864-80. 
 
 *Smith, Albert H. April, 1863. b. July 19, 1835. d. Dec. 14, 1885. 
 
 A.B. 1853, M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Phys. Nurses' Home and Lying-in 
 Charity ; Woman's Hosp. Philad. ; Phys. House of Eefuge, 1864-70. 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1878 ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad., P. ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc, P. ; Amer. Gynecological Assoc, P. ; Hon. Memb. 
 Gynecological Assoc. Great Britain. 
 
 Smith, Axdrew Kingsbury. U. S. A. (N. R.) Oct. 1863. b. Feb. 9, 1826. 
 A.B. 1847, A.M. 1868, Williams Coll. ; M.D. 1849, Jefferson Med. 
 Coll., 1853, N. Y. Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1862; 
 Minnesota Historical Soc. 1868; Internat. Med. Congr. 1887. Resid. 
 Surg. Emigrant Hosp. N. Y., April, 1851-Dec. '52 ; Assist. Surg. July, 
 1853, Surg. 1852, U. S. A. ; Surg. St. Joseph's Hosp. Santa Fe, N, M., 
 1873-74. 
 
 Smith, Edward A. (N. R ) July, 1864. 
 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Smith, Francis G. Jan. 1842. b. March 8, 1818. d. April 6, 1878. 
 
 A.B 1837, A.M., M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 
 1838 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological Soc Philad. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. 
 Philad. Feb. 1849 ; Coll. Phys. and Surg., Reading ; Med. Soc. State 
 Pa. ; Cal. State Med. Soc. ; Rocky Mount. Med. Soc. ; Burlington Co. 
 Med. Soc. N. J. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad., P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849, 
 V. P. 1870; Amer Philos. Soc. Jan. 1852-Dec. '76. Prof. Physiology 
 Pa. Med. Coll. 1852-62 ? ; Prof. Institutes Med. Univ. Pa. 1863-77. Phya. 
 Pa. Hosp. 1859-64 ; Episcopal Hosp ; Med. Director Nat. Life Ins. Co. ; 
 Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65. 
 
 ISmith, Henry H. Jan. 1842. res. Jan. 1861. b. Dec. 10, 1815. 
 
 A.B. 1834, A.M.; M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa.; LL.D. 1885, Lafayette 
 Coll. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. (Sec.) 1834; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1848, 
 P. 1883; Philad. Co. Med. Soc April, 1852, P. 1877-79; Chairman 
 Surg. Sect. 1878 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1859-77 ; P. Sect, on Military 
 and Naval Surg., and Chairman Execut. Com. 9th Internat. Med. Con- 
 gress 1887. Resid. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1837-38 ; Surg. St. Joseph's Hosp.
 
 APPENDIX. 267 
 
 1849; Episcopal Hosp. 1850; Philad. Hosp. 1854-57 ; Disp. Univ. Pa. 
 1843-55. Prof. Surgery Univ. Pa. 1855-70, Emeritus; Surg. Genl. Pa. 
 1861-62. 
 
 *Smith, E. K. (N. R.) April, 1856. d. Nov. 20, 1877, set. 61. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852. 
 
 Smith, Robert Meade. Jan. 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Prof. Comparat. Physiol. Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Smith, William W. Jan. 1787. d. Feb. 1793. 
 
 M.D. 1780, Univ. State Pa. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1787. 
 
 *Smyth, Francis Garden. April, 1870. b. Dec. 29, 1843. d. July 24, 1879. 
 A.B. 1863, A.M., M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Phys. 2d District of Guardi- 
 ans of the Poor. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1872 ; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Interuat. Med. Congress, 1876 ; Philada. Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1877 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1877 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1878. 
 
 Spooner, Edward A. Jan. 1864. b. Jan. 7, 1830. 
 
 M.D. 1854, Jefferson Med. Coll., 1866, Univ. Pa. Obstetrician Philad. 
 Dispens. 1861-70. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1849 ; Amer. Sc. Assoc. 
 1850 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1860. 
 
 Starr, Louis. April, 1875. b. April 25, 1849. 
 
 A.B.1868, Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Patholo- 
 gical Soc. Philad. 1871-80, Sec. 1876-79. Resid. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 
 1871-73, Assist. Phys. 1874-76, Visit. Phys. 1876-85; Assist. Phys. 
 Children's Hosp. 1875-86, Visit. Phys. 1881 ; Phys. Southern Home, 
 1875-80. Lecturer on Pharmacy, 1876, on Symptomatology, 1878-80, 
 on Diseases of Children, 1882-85, Univ. Pa. Clinical Prof. Diseases of 
 Children Univ. Hosp. 1885. 
 
 Stelwagon, Henry Weightman. Jan. 1884. b. Dec. 3, 1853. 
 
 B.Ph. 1872, Andalusia Coll. ; M.D., Ph.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1880; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Philad. 
 Clinical Soc. 1881 ; Amer. Dermatological Soc. 1882 ; Northern 
 Med. Soc. 1884. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. July, 1875-Sept. 1, '76 ; 
 Attend. Phys. Northern Dispensary 1880-83 ; Phys. in charge Philad. 
 Disp. for Skin Diseases, Jan. 18S1, also, in Northern Disp. 1881 ; Attend. 
 Phys. Skin Diseases, Howard Hosp. 1883 ; Asst. Dermatologist Hosp. 
 Univ. Pa. 1884; Instruct. Dermatol. Woman's Med. Coll. 1885. 
 
 *Stewart, Samuel. July, 1814. d. Aug. 1824. 
 
 M.D. 1808, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc.
 
 268 APPENDIX. 
 
 Stille, Alfred. Dec. 1842. b. Oct. 13. 1813. 
 
 A.M. (Honorary) Yale; M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa.; LL.D. 1859, 
 Pennsylvania Coll. Lecturer, Theory and Pract. Med. Philad. Assoc, 
 for Med. Instruction 184-1-50 ; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Pa. Med. 
 Coll. 1854-59 ; in Univ. Pa. 1864-84. Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 1849- 
 71 ; Philad. Hosp. 1865-71 ; Satterlee U. S. A. Hosp. 1862-63. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1834 ; Societe Medicale d'Observation, Paris, 
 1837 ; Historical Soc. Pa. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1859-63, P. ; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, Sec. 1847 
 -51, P. 1871 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1852 (resigned) ; Hon. Memb. Med. 
 . Soc. R. I. 1858; Med. Soc. of N. Y. 1860; Med. Soc. of Cal. 1871. 
 Corres. Memb. New York Acad. Med. ; Centennial Med. Commission, 
 V. P. 1875-76 ; Internat. Med. Congress 1876, P. Section on Medicine ; 
 Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. V. P. and P. 
 
 *Stille, Moreton. Dec. 1847. b. Oct. 22, 1822. d. Aug. 20, 1855. 
 
 A.B. 1841, M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1848; Volunteer 
 Phys. [Cholera] Philad. Hosp. 1849. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 
 April, 1853; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853. Lecturer Theory and Pract. 
 Med. Philad. Assoc, for Med. Instruction 1855. 
 
 *Stille, Albert Owex. July, 1859. b. Juiie 29, 1827. d. June 23. 1862. 
 A.B. 1848, M D. 1851, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1851 ; Phys. 
 Philad. Dispensary. 1854; Vaccine Phys. 1855. Memb. Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. Oct. 1855. Surg. 23d Reg. Pa. Volunt. 1862. 
 
 Stocker, Anthony E. Dec. 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1840^2. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Jan. 1840; Philad. Co. Med. Soc Jan. 1849; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1852. Visit. Phys. Pa. Instit. for Istruct. of the Blind 1844-59;. 
 Brigade Surg. U. S. A. Aug. 1861-Nov. '65. 
 
 Strawbridge, George. July, 1871. b. Oct. 20, 1844. 
 
 A.B. 1862, A.M., M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Internat. Med. Con- 
 gress, 1876 ; German and American Ophthalmological Soc. ; Otological 
 Soc. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 1877. Otological Phys. Univ. Hosp. ; 
 Ophthalmologist, Presbyterian Hosp. ; Chief, Eye and Ear Dept. ; Surg. 
 Wills Hosp. ; Philad. Dispens ; Clinical Prof. Diseases of the Ear, 
 Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Stroud, William D. Jan. 1855. b. 1826. d. Sept. 25, 1883. 
 
 A.B. Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1846, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. 
 Med. Soc. April, 1851 ; Amer. Med. Assoc.
 
 APPENDIX. 269 
 
 Stryker, Samuel S. April, 1884. b. May 4, 1842. 
 
 A.B. 1863, A.M. 1866, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1866, Univ. Memb. Patho- 
 logical See. Philad. ; Obstetrical See. Philad. ; West Philad. Med. See. 
 Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1876; Manager Univ. Hosp. 1885. 
 
 fTAGGART, William Hembel. July, 1859. res. Jan. 6, 1869. 
 
 M.D. 1852, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1853. 
 
 *Taylor, Lewis. U. S. A. Jan. 1865. d. Jan. 6, 1868. 
 
 M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. March, 1857, Surg. Aug. 1863, 
 U. S. Army, Lt. Col. by brevet. 
 
 Taylor, John Madison. June, 1886. b. July 4, 1855. 
 
 A.B. 1876, A.M. 1879, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1880 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881 ; Philad. 
 Neurological Soc. 1885. Assist. Phys. Children's Hosp. 1880 ; Phys. 
 Howard Hosp. 1882. 
 
 Taylor, Robert E. Jan. 1867. b. Feb. 14, 1826. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Surg. U. S. Volunteers Oct. 1862-March, '66 ; 
 Phys. Christ Church Hosp. 1878-82. 
 
 Taylor, William L. Dec. 1886. b. July 8, 1853. 
 
 M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1883; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Sec. 1886. Demonstrator Clinical Gynecology, Univ. Pa. 1885. 
 
 Thomas, Charles H. Jan. 1867. b. Dec. 4, 1839. 
 
 M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Obstetrical 
 Soc. Philad. Assist. Phys. Lying-in Charity 1867-72, Prof. :\Iat. Med. 
 and Therapeutics, Woman's INIed. Coll. Philad. 1867-76 ; Surg, and Oph- 
 thalmologist, Woman's Hosp. 1867-76. 
 
 *Thomas, Robert Pennell. Jan. 1851. b. May 29, 1821. d. Feb. 3, 1864. 
 M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. Demonstrat. Anat. Franklin Med. Coll. 1849; 
 Prof. Mat. Med. Philad. Coll. Pharmacy, 1850. Consult. Surg. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1855; Consult. Surg. Northern Dispens. 1857; Att. Surg. Epis- 
 copal Hosp. 1857 ; Contr. Surg, in charge U. S. A. Hosp. 1862. Memb. 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc, V. P. ; Med. Soc. State Pa., Treas. ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1855. 
 
 IIThomas, Richard. April, 1873. ft. July 3, 1878. 
 
 Thomson, William. April, 1869. b. 1833. 
 
 M.D. 1855, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1865 ; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1868 ; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1870 ; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1875 ; International Med. Congress 1872-76-81 ; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. June, 1880 ; Military Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1880 ;
 
 270 APPENDIX. 
 
 Amer. Surgical Assoc. 1882; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1882; Pathological 
 Soc. Pliilad. ; Amer. Odontological Soc. ; Med. Jurisprudence See. 
 Philad.; Historical Soc. Pa.; Fellow Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sc. 1855; 
 New York Neurological Soc. ; New York Ophthalmological Soc. Assist. 
 Surg. U. S. Army 1861-68 ; Pliys. Episcopal Hosp. 1868-70 ; Church 
 Home for Children 1868-70; Wills Hosp. 1872-77; Surg. Jeflerson 
 Med. Coll. Hosp. 1877. Lecturer on Eye and Ear, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 1873 ; Honorary Prof. Ophthalmology Jefferson Med. Coll. 1880. Surgi- 
 cal Expert Pa. R. R. Co. 1880. 
 
 IITiEDEMAXN, Heinrich. July, 1852. ft April, 1880. b. Jan. 31, 1813. 
 M.D. 1837, Univ. Wurtzburg, Germany. 
 
 TiLDEX, W. P. (X. R.) Jan. 1854. 
 
 IIToGXO, Joseph. Dec. 1830. Removed 1837. 
 M.D. 1829, Univ. Pa. 
 
 fTowNSEXD, Richard H. Feb. 1850. res. Oct. 3, 1877. b. Feb. 10, 1817. 
 
 M.D. 1841, Univ. Pa. Phys. Charity Hosp., Trustee . Memb. 
 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1849 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848. 
 
 *TowNSEifD, Ralph Milbourne. July, 1870. d. Dec. 12, 1877. 
 
 A.B. Central High School Philadl; M.D. 1866, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 
 
 *Tuck:er, David H. Dec. 1844. b. June 18, 1815. d. March 17, 1871. 
 
 M.D. 1837, Univ. P. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1842; Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1851 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Prof Obstetrics Franklin 
 Med. Coll. 1846-48; Prof Theory and Pract. Med. Richmond Med. 
 Coll. Va. 
 
 *Tdft, John B. March, 1850. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc, Dec. 1839 ; Acad. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1831-33; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852. 
 
 Turner, Alexis Paul. (N. R.) July, 1870. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. [Banker, London, England.] 
 
 *TuRNPENNY, Frederick. March, 1839. b. Aug. 31, 1809. d. June 2. 1840. 
 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *TuTT, Charles Pendleton. April, 1862. b. Nov. 2, 1832. d. May 11,1866. 
 
 M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1856-57; Phys. 
 
 Philad. Dispens. 1858-64; Contract. Surg. U. S. Army General Hosp. 
 
 Philad. 1862-65. Demonstrator Philad. School Anat. ; Assist to Prof. 
 
 Theory and Pract. Med. Univ. Pa.
 
 APPENDIX. 271 
 
 Tyson, James. April, 1866. b. Oct. 26, 1841. 
 
 A.B. 1860, A.M. 1864, Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1863, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1863, Recorder, 1869-77, Y. P., 1871-82, P. 
 1882-84; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1867-Oct. 77, Recorder Bio- 
 logical and Microscop. Sect. 1868-72, Vice Director 1872-77 ; Obstetri- 
 cal Soc. Philad. July, 1869; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1874 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1875 ; Instit. Assoc. Amer. Phys. June, 
 1886; Amer. Philos. Soc. May, 1887. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 
 1863-64. Resid. 1863-64, Microscopist 1866-70, Pathologist and Curator 
 1870-72, Pa. Hosp. ; Visit. Phys. 1872, P. Med. Board 1886, Philad. 
 Hosp. ; Phys. in charge Dispens. Univ. Pa. 1866-71 ; Phys. in St. 
 Joseph's Hosp. 1871-72 ; a Manager of the Foulke and Long Instit. 
 for Orphan Girls. Lecturer on Microscopy 1868, on Urinary Chem- 
 istry 1870, on Patholog. Anat. and Histology 1874, Prof. 1875, Prof. 
 General Pathology and Morbid Anat. April, 1876, Secretary, Faculty 
 
 of Med. 1877, Univ. Pa. . Prof. Physiology Pa. Coll. Dental Surg. 
 
 1870-78. 
 
 fTYSON, James Lawrence. (N.R.) Oct. 1852. res. Dec. 1, 1886. b. 
 Nov. 19, 1813. 
 M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. Prof. Mat. Med. and Therapeut. Philad. Coll. 
 Med. 1854; Surg. Califor. Hosp. 1849; Surg. Wills Hosp.; Phys. Chest 
 and Throat Diseases, Howard Hosp. 
 
 Vandyke, E. B. April, 1864. 
 M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. 
 
 IIVandyke, Frederick A. March, 1837. ft. 1845. d. Nov. 18, 1867. set. 70. 
 M.D. 1810, Univ. Pa. 
 
 IIVandyke, Rush. Feb. 1839. ft. April, 1844. 
 
 M.D. 1835, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831. 
 
 Van Harlingen, Arthur. Oct. 1873. b. Oct. 25, 1835. 
 
 Ph. B. 1864, Yale; M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Constit. Dermatological 
 Assoc. 1876. Prof. Dermatology Philad. Polyclinic 1883. Dermatolo- 
 gist, Howard Hosp. 1884. 
 
 Vinton, Charles Harrod. (N. R.) May, 1883. b. Aug. 17. 1845. 
 
 A.M. 1870, Central High School Philad. ; M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 Historical Soc. Pa. 1874 ; Amer. Acad. Med. 1883. 
 
 Walker, James B. Feb. 1885. b. Dec. 15, 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1872, Ph.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881 ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1884; Philad. Clinical 
 Soc, P. ; Amer. Climatological Soc. Sec. Prof. Pract. Med. Woman's
 
 ^72 APPENDIX. 
 
 Med. Coll. Pa. ; Consult. Phys. Woman's Hosp. Resid. Phys. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1872-73, and Visit. Piij's. 1876. 
 
 *Wallace, Ellerslie. Jan. 1852. d. March 9, 1885. set. 65. 
 
 M.D. 1843, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858. Resid. 1843-44, Pa. Hosp. ; Phys. House of 
 Refuge 1847-52. Demonstrator Anat. 1846-62, Prof. Obstetrics and 
 Diseases of Women and Children 1862-83, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 
 II Wallace, William H. April, 1873. ft. Oct. 1883. b. May 28, 1844. 
 M.D. 1864, Univ. Pa. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; West Philad. 
 Med. Soc. ; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1886. Visit. Phys. Jewish Hosp. 
 ' 1868-72; Phys. West. Philad. Infants' Home; Phys. in Chief, Insane 
 Dept. Philad. Hosp. 1887. 
 
 ^Wallace, Joshua Maddox. June, 1846. b. Jan. 1815. d. Nov. 10, 1852. 
 A.B. 1833, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1836- 
 38. Assist. Demonstrator Anat. Univ. Pa. 1840; Assist, to Prof. Surg. 
 Jefferson Med. Coll. Lecturer on Surgery, Philad. Assoc, for Med. In- 
 struct. 1843-49. 
 
 *Wareington, Joseph. Jan. 1839. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1828; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1846 ; Pa. Prison Soc. Feb. 1849. 
 
 ^Waters, Nicholas B. April, 1789. 
 
 M.D. 1786, Univ. State Pa. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1791. 
 
 Watson, Edward W. March, 1886. 
 M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. 
 
 Webb, William H. Jan. 1875. 
 
 M.D. 1866, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 
 Welch, William M. May, 1883. b. Sept. 12, 1837. 
 
 M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1865, Treasurer 
 1869-83, P. 1883-84; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1870; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1872. Phys. Municipal Hosp. Contagious and Infectious Diseases, 1870 ; 
 Consult. Phys. Northern Dispensary. 
 
 *Wells, W. Lehman. April, 1863. d. April 27, 1883. 
 
 M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1866 ; Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. June, 1863. 
 
 *West, Francis. Feb. 1839. b. March 5, 1810. d. Sept. 24, 1868. 
 
 A.B. 1825, Dickinson Coll.; M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Phys. Philad. 
 Dispens. ; Phys. Christ. Church. Hosp. 1836 ; City Orphan Asylum.
 
 APPENDIX. 273 
 
 Memb. PMlad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1831 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849 ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. Sec. 1846^7 ; National Con- 
 vent, for Revis. Pharmacop. 1850; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1854. Phys. 
 Episcopal Hosp. Lecturer on Mat. Med. Philad. Assoc, for Med. In- 
 struct. 
 
 fWEST, HiLBORN. July, 1864. res. June 1, 1881. 
 
 M.D. 1858, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 
 1855. Attend. Phys. Children's Hosp. 1871. 
 
 Whartok, H. E. Oct. 18S4. b. May 23, 1853. 
 
 A. M., M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Soc. 1881 ; Patho- 
 logical Soc. Philad. 1882; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1885. Surg. Children's 
 Hosp. ; Assist. Surg. Univ. Pa. Hosp. ; Attend. Phys. Pa. Institution 
 for the Deaf and Dumb. Instructor Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa. 
 
 Whelen, Alfred. Dec. 1883. b. June 9, 1854. 
 
 M.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1876; 
 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1875, Treasr. ; 
 Pathological Soc. Philad. 1875. Asst. Phys. Philad. Lying-in Charity 
 1875-85 ; Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1875-80. Assist. Demonstrator Anat. 
 Univ. Pa. 1879-81. 
 
 White, J. William. April, 1878. b. Nov. 2, 1850. 
 
 M.D., Ph.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Philad. 
 Acad. Surgery ; Amer. Surg, Assoc. ; Assoc. Genito-Urinary Surgeons 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. ; Patholog. Soc. Philad. Surg. Philad. Hosp. 1874 
 Assist. Surg. Univ. Hosp. 1879 ; Surg. Maternity Hosp. Philad. 1882 
 Demonstrator Surg. 1881, Prof. Physical Education 1884, Clinical 
 Prof. Genito-Urinary Surg. 1886, Univ. Pa. Inspector Eastern Peni- 
 tentiary Pa. 1885. 
 
 *WiCKES, Simon A. Nov. 1833 d. May 14, 1835. 
 
 M.D. 1831, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1828. 
 
 fWlLCOCKS, Alexander. April, 1846. res. June 6, 1855. b. 1817. d. 
 Nov. 10, 1880. 
 M.D. 1844, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1857 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. April, 1864 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 
 
 WiLLARD, De Forest. Jan. 1880. b. March 23, 1846. 
 
 M.D. 1867, Ph.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. S. C. 
 1865. Memb. Acad. Surgery ; Amer. Surg. Assoc. Philad. ; Med. Soc. 
 
 18
 
 274 APPENDIX. 
 
 State Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, V. P. 1885 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; 
 Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. ; Alumni 
 Soc. Auxil. Dept. Univ. Pa. P. 1877 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad.- Sept. 
 1873-Feb. '77 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Lecturer on Orthopoedic 
 Surg. Univ. Pa. 1877. Surg. Presbyterian Hosp. 1881 ; Howard Hosp. 
 1874-81 ; Consult. Surg. Home for Crippled Children. 
 
 fWiLLiAMS, Horace. Jan. 1868. res. Jan. 4, 1882. b. Aug. 13, 1842. 
 
 A.B. 1862, Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Memb. Obstetrical 
 Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Consult. Accoucheur Maternity 
 Hosp. Philad. 1885. 
 
 Williamson, Jesse. (N. R.) April, 1878. 
 M.D. 1873, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 
 Wilson, Ellwood. July, 1851. 
 
 M.D. 1845, Jefferson Med. Coll. Consult. Phys. Philad. Lying-in 
 Charity; Visit. Phys. Preston Retreat. Trustee Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. 
 
 Wilson, James Cornelius. Jan. 1874. b. March 25, 1847. 
 
 A.B. 1867, A.M. 1870, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1869, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869, P. 1885, '86; Obstetrical Soc. 
 Philad.; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Jan. 1885 ; Assoc. Amer. Phys. and Pathologists 1886 ; 
 Philad. Neurological Soc. 1886. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1876; Jefferson 
 Coll. Hosp. ab origine. 
 
 Wilson, H. Augustus. Oct. 1881. b. Sept. 4, 1853. 
 
 M.D. 1879, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880, 
 Sec. 1882-83 ; Amer. Med, Assoc. 1881. Lecturer, Philad. School Anat.; 
 Prof. Mechanical Surg. Philad. Polyclinic, 1885. Pathologist Presby- 
 terian Hosp. 1881 ; Ophthalmic and Aural Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1879. 
 
 *WiLSON, William B. Oct. 1849. b. 1820. d. May 7, 1851. 
 
 A M. 1839, Emmetsburg, Md. ; M.D. 1843, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. 
 Hosp. 1843 ; Phys. City Hosp. 1849; Wills Hosp. 1849. Memb. Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. 1849. 
 
 tWiLTBANK, John. June, 1843. res. June 4, 1856. d. Sept. 11,1860. 
 
 A.B. 1822, M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1825 ; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1849. Prof. Obstetrics 
 and Diseases of Women and Children, Pa. Coll. 1843-54. Consult. Ob- 
 stetrician, Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. House of Refuge 1829-31.
 
 APPENDIX. 275 
 
 WiEGMAN, Charles. June, 1884. 
 
 M.D. 1877, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 
 *WiSTAR, Caspar, Jr. April, 1787. b. Sept. 13, 1761. d. Jan. 22, 1818. 
 M.'B., 1782, Univ. State Pa ; M.D. 1786, Edinb. Attend. Phys. Philad. 
 Dispens. Feb. 1786; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1793-1810. Prof. Chemistry 
 Coll. Philad. 1789; Prof. Anat. Univ. Pa. 1808-18. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1787, Curator 1792-94, V. P. 1795 
 -1814, P. Jan. 1815-Jan. '18 ; Pa. Prison Soc. Aug. 1787. ; Society for 
 the Promotion of the Abolition of Slavery, P. 
 
 fWiSTAR, Caspar. April, 1842. res. Jan. 5, 1853. b. 1801. d. April 4, 1867. 
 M.D. 1824, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1824-26. 
 
 fWiSTAR, Thomas. Jan. 1871. res. Dec. 1, 1886. b. 1840. 
 
 A.M. 1861, M.D. 1863, Univ. Pa. Contract. Surg. U.S.A. 1865; 
 Manager and Sec. Philad. Dispens. 1865-67 ; Phys. Indigent Wid. and 
 
 Single Women's Asylum 1867 . Chief Med. Examiner, Provident 
 
 Life and Trust Co. 1865 . Memb. Union League, Philad. 
 
 WiSTER, Caspar. Jan. 1848. b. Sept. 18, 1818. 
 
 M.D. 1846, Univ. Pa.. Phys. Widows' Asylum, 1848; Shelter for 
 
 Colored Orphans 1849 ; Manager House of Refuge 1848 . ; Act. 
 
 Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1851; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852, Treas. 185^1— June, '77; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 
 1859; Philad. Co. Med. Soc April, 1853; Treas. International Med. 
 
 Congress, 1876. P. Inspectors Philad. Co. Prison 1880 . ; Trustee 
 
 and Director Philad. Library Company 1868 . ; Director Mutual 
 
 Insurance Co. 1878 . ; Director Philad. Saving Fund 1880 . 
 
 WiSTER, Owen Jones. April, 1852. b. Oct. 5, 1825. 
 
 M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1853; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1859 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1866 ; 
 Historical Soc. Pa. 1880; Soc. to Restrict. Vivisection 1884, V. P. 
 Asst. Surg. U. S. Navy March, 1848-July, 1852 ; Consult. Phys. Jewish 
 Hosp. 1880. 
 
 *Wollens, Joseph. July, 1814. d. April 7, 1817, aet. 34. 
 
 M.D. 1808, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1806, Corres. 
 Sec. 1813. Orator 1814 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1815. Phys. Philad. 
 Dispens. 1814. 
 
 *W00D, George B. April, 1827. b. March 3, 1797. d. March 30, 1879. 
 
 A.B. 1815, M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phys. Pa. Instit. for Deaf 
 
 and Dumb 1822-44. Prof. Chemistry 1822-31; Mat. Med. 1831-35 
 
 Philad. Coll. Pharmacy ; Prof. Mat. Med. and Pharmacyl835-50, Theory 
 
 and Pract. Med. 1850-60 Univ. Pa. Trustee Girard Coll. 1833-41. Phya.
 
 276 APPENDIX. 
 
 Pa. Hosp. 1835-59. Meuib. Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1817 ; Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Philad. 1819 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1829, P. Jan. 1859-79; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1847, P. 1855-56. National Convent, for Revis. Pharma- 
 copceia, P. 1850 and 18G0. Trustee Univ. Pa. 
 
 Wood, Horatio C, Jr. April, 1865. b. Jan. 13, 1841. 
 
 M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1884, Lafayette Coll. Memb. Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1864, Record. Sec. Oct. 
 1865-Feb. '67; Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; 
 Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1866; National Acad, of Science; Acad. Arts 
 andSc. ; Nat. Convent. Revis. Pharmacopoeia 1880 ; Socit^ted' Hygiene, 
 Paris; Amer. I Sei Kwai (Tokio). Prof. Botany 1866-76; Mat. Med. 
 
 and Therapeutics 1876 ., Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Nervous Diseases, Univ. 
 
 Hosp. 1875 . ; Visit. Phys. and Neurologist 1870 . Philad. Hosp. 
 
 Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Prevent. Adulterat. of Foods, 1835. 
 
 Woodbury, Frank. April, 1880. b. Dec. 23, 1848. 
 
 M.D. 1873, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1875 ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1877 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 
 Mutual Aid Assoc. ; Ninth International Med. Congr. Section Mat. Med. 
 and Therapeutics, Sec. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1873-74; Attend. Phys. 
 German Hosp. Philad. 1879-86 ; Medico-Chirurgical Hosp. 1885. Prof. 
 Therapeutics, Mat. Med., and Clinical Med., Medico-Chirurgical Coll. 
 Philad. 1885. 
 
 Woods, D. F. Oct. 1866. 
 
 A.B. Dickinson Coll. ; M.D. 1864, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological 
 Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Resid. Philad. Hosp.; Dispens. 
 Staff Episcopal Hosp. ; Phys. Presbyterian Hosp. 
 
 WORMLEY, Theodore G. Jan. 1878. b. April 1, 1826. 
 
 M.D. 1849, Philad. Med. Coll. ; Ph.D. 1870, Dickinson Coll. ; LL.D. 
 Prof. Chemistry and Toxicology, Sterling Med. Coll. ; Prof Chemistry 
 and Toxicology Univ. Pa. 1877 . Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Pre- 
 vent. Adulteration of Foods, 1885. 
 
 WuRTS, Charles Stewart. Oct. 1860. 
 M.D. 1854, Jefferson Med. Coll 
 
 *Yardley, Thomas H. Jan. 1852. d. Jan. 4, 1860. 
 
 M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. 
 
 Yarrow, Thomas J. Oct. 1868. b. Feb. 13, 1840. 
 
 M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa,; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. 1878.
 
 APPENDIX. 277 
 
 Zantzinger, William S. (N. R.) Nov. 1840. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. March, 1835 ; Acad. 
 Nat. So. Philad. Oct. 1840, Record. Sec. Dec. 1841-Dec. '46, Librar. 
 Dec. 1846-July, '56. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1887, Resident Fellows, 204; N. R., 29. 
 
 ASSOCIATE FELLOWS. — AMERICA]^. 
 
 Arnold, Richard Dennis, Savannah, Ga. 1846. b. Aug. 8, 1808. d. July 
 10, 1876. 
 
 A.B. Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1830-32 ; 
 Phys. Savannah Poor House and Hosid. 1835-65. Memb. Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1846^7, V. P. 1851-52 ; Constit. Ga. State Med. Assoc. 1849, P. 
 1851 ; Savannah Med. Soc. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Savannah 
 Med. Coll. 1850. Mayor of Savannah 1843, 1851, 1859, 1863-65. 
 
 *Atlee, John Light. Lancaster, Pa. 1847. b. Nov. 2, 1799. d. Oct. 1, 1885. 
 M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. Franklin and Marshall Coll. Prof. 
 Anat. and Surg. Franklin and Marshall Coll., Trustee of. Memb. 
 Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1817; Constit. Lancaster Co. Med. Soc. P. 
 1844 ; Constit. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1848, P. 1857 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1847, V. P. 1868, P. 1882-83 ; Honorary, Gynecological Soc. Boston, 
 Mass., 1877. Director of School Board of Lancaster Co., Pa., 40 years ; 
 V. P. and P. Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Baldwin, William Owen. Montgomery, Ala. April, 1876. b. Aug. 9, 
 1818. d. May 30, 1886. 
 
 M.D. 1837, Transylvania Univ. Memb. Med. Assoc. State Alabama, 
 P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868, P. 1869. 
 
 '*Bard, Samuel. New York. 1811. b. April 1, 1742. d. May 25, 1821. 
 M.D. 1765, Edinb. ; LL.D. 1816, Coll. N. J. Prof. Theory and Pract. 
 Med. King's Coll. N. Y. 1768; Columbia Coll. 1792; Coll. Phys. and 
 Surgs. N. Y. P. 1811. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. March, 1767. 
 
 Barker, Fordyce. New York. April, 1876. b. May 2, 1819. 
 
 A.B. 1837, A.M. 1840, Bowdoin Coll.; M.D. 1841, Columbia Coll. 
 LL.D. 1876, Univ. N. Y., 1884, Univ. Edinb. Prof Midwifery and 
 Diseases of Women, Bowdoin Coll. 1846; in New York Med. Coll. 
 1850; in Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll. N. Y. 1861. Memb. Med. Soc. 
 State of New York, P. 1858; Amer. Gynecological Soc, P. 1876-77; 
 New York Acad. Med., P. 1878-84; Hon. Fell. Obstetrical Soc. Edin- 
 burgh 1869 ; Hon. Fell. Obstetrical Soc. London 1872; Hon. Fell. British
 
 278 APPENDIX. 
 
 Obstetrical Soc. 18S4 ; Hon. Fell. Massachusetts Med. Soc, and of 
 Connecticut Med. Soc. Obstet. Phys. 1854-75, then Consult. Phys. 
 Bellevue Hosp. Surg. Woman's Hosp. State of New York, now Con- 
 sult. Phys. and Pres. of its Med. Board; Consult. Phj's. Maternity 
 Hosp., and Children's Hosp. 
 
 *Beck, Theodore R. Albany, X. Y. 1839. 
 *Bekedict, N. D. Florida. 1845. 
 
 BiGELOW, Hexry J. Boston, Mass. April, 1876. 
 
 A.B. 1837, M.D. 1841. Memb. Boston Med. Assoc. ; Boston Soc. Med. 
 Improvement; Suffolk Dist. Med. Soc. Councillor; Mass. Med. Soc. 
 1844; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849. Prof Surgery Harvard Univ. Visit. 
 Surg. Mass. General Hosp. ; Boylston Med. Committee. 
 
 *BiGELOW, Jacob. Boston, Mass. May, 1821. b. Feb. 27, 1787. d. Jan. 
 10, 1879. 
 
 A.B. 1806; Univ. Harvard; M.D. 1810, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. 
 Med. Soc. Nov. 1809 ; Boston Soc. for Med. Improvement; Amer. Acad. 
 Arts and Sc. 1812, P. May, 1846 and May, '63 ; Boston Med. Assoc ; Mass. 
 Med. Soc. 1813 ; Mass. Med. Benevolent Soc. P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1849. Phys. Mass. General Hosp. Lecturer, Botany and Mat. Med. 
 1815, Prof 1817-35 Univ. Harvard; Bumford Prof 1816. 
 
 Billings, John Shaw. U. S. Army. April, 1876. b. April 12, 1837. 
 
 A.B. 1857, A.M. 1860, Miami Univ. ; M.D. 1860, Med. Coll. Ohio ; LL.D. 
 1884, Univ. Edinb., 1886, Harvard Univ. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 Nov. 1862 ; Philos. Soc. Washington, D. C, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1880; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc, P. 1880 ; Amer. Social Sc. Assoc. 1882 ; 
 Amer. Acad. Med. 1883 ; Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sc. 1883 ; National 
 Acad. Sc. 1883 ; Amer. Statistical Assoc. 1884; Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1886 ; 
 Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1887 ; Honorary, Med. 
 Soc. Co. N. Y. 1879; Med. Soc. State N. Y. 1880; Med. and Chirurgical 
 Faculty, Md.; Med. Soc. London, 1881; Clinical Soc. London, 1881; 
 Soc. Med. Officers of Health, London, 1881 ; Societe Frangaise Hygiene, 
 Paris, 1882; Med. Soc. Sweden, 1882; Medico-Chirurgical Soc. St. 
 Louis, Mo. ; New Hamjishire Med. Soc. 1883 ; Statistical Soc. London 
 1883; Connecticut Med. Soc. 1883; Physicalisch Medicinische Gesell- 
 schaft, Wiirzburg 1885 ; Gynecological Soc. Boston, 1885 ; Sociedad 
 Union Fernandina, Lima, Peru 1886 ; British Med. Assoc. 1886. Surg, 
 and Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Army ; Curator Army Med. Museum and Li- 
 brary. Lecturer on Hygiene, Johns Hopkins Univ. and Columbia Coll. 
 N. Y. 
 
 Bowditch, Henry I. Boston, Mass. April, 1876.
 
 APPENDIX. 279 
 
 BowDiTCH, Henry Pickering. Jamaica Plain, W. Roxbury, Boston, 
 Mass. Jan. 1887. b. April 4, 1840. 
 
 A.B. 1861, M.D. 1868, Univ. Harvard. Assist. Prof. Physiology 1871, 
 Prof. 1876, Univ. Harvard. Memb. Amer. Acad. Arts, and Sc. May, 
 1872. Boston School Com. Jan. 1877 to Sept. '81. 
 
 Byford, William Heath. Chicago, 111. Jan. 1877. b. March 20, 1817. 
 M.D. 1844, Ohio Med. Coll. ; A.M. 1860, Honorary, Asbury Univ. 
 Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1856 ; Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876, P. 
 1880-81 ; Illinois State Med. Soc. ; Chicago Med. Soc. ; Chicago Gyne- 
 cological Soc. Member of Med. Staff, Mercy Hosp. 1857-80 ; Woman's 
 Hosp. 1880 . 
 
 Chaille, Stanford Emerson. New Orleans, La. Jan. 1877. b. July 
 9, 1830. 
 
 A.B. 1851, A.M. 1853, Univ. Harvard ; M.D. 1853, Univ. La., and 1884, 
 Tulane Univ. La. Demonstrator Anat. 1858-67, Lecturer on Obstetrics 
 1865-66, Prof. Obstetrics 1875, Prof. Physiology and Pathological Anat. 
 
 1867 . Univ. La. ; Prof. Physiol, and Hygiene 1885, Dean Med. Dept. 
 
 1885 Tulane Univ. La. Memb. Orleans Par. Med. Soc. 1877; La. State 
 Med Soc. 1877 ; Honorary, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Assoc. ; Amer, 
 
 Med. Assoc. 1869 ; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 1874 . ; Honorary, Royal 
 
 Acad. Med. Havana, Cuba ; New Orleans Auxil. Sanitary Assoc. ; La. 
 Educational Assoc. ; Deleg. Internat. Med. Congress Philad. 1876 ; 
 Havana Yel. Fev. Com-inis. of National Board of Health 1879 P. ; 
 Supervis. Inspector for National Board of Health 1881-82. Memb. 
 National Board of Health, 1885. Resid. New Orleans Charity Hosp. 1851- 
 53; Resid. Phys. U. S. Marine Hosp. New Orleans, 1853-54; Resid. 
 Phys. Circus St. Infirmary, 1854-60; Act. Surg. Genl. La. 1861-62; 
 Surg. Confed. Army 1862-65, Med. Insp. Army of Tenn. 1862-63, Surg, 
 in charge Hospitals 1864-65. 
 
 Cheever, David Williams. Boston, Mass. Jan. 1887. b. Nov. 30, 1831. 
 A.B. 1852, M.D. 1858, Univ. Harvard. Demonstrator Anat. I860, 
 Assist. Prof, Anat. 1866, Adjunct. Prof. Clinical Surg. 1868, Prof. 
 Clinical Surg. 1877, Prof. Surg. 1882, Univ. Harvard. Memb, Massa- 
 chusetts Med. Soc. 1858; Boston Soc. Med. Observation, 1859; Amer, 
 Surg. Assoc. 1882; Surg. Boston Dispeus. 1863-68; Boston City Hosp. 
 1864 . 
 
 Clark, Alonzo. New York. April, 1876. 
 
 A.B. 1828, Williams Coll. ; M.D. 1835, Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. 
 Prof. Physiology and Pathol. 1848-55, Path, and Practical Med. 1855 
 
 ., Coll. Phys. and Surg, N. Y. Phys. Bellevue Hosp. P. Med. 
 
 Board and Consult, Phys. St. Luke's Hosp. 1861 ; Consult. Phys,
 
 280 APPENDIX, 
 
 Northern Dispens. and Northeastern Dispens. Memb. N. Y. State 
 Med. Soc. P. 1853 ; N. Y. Med. and Surg. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1847; N. Y. Pathological Soc; N. Y. Acad. Medicine; N. Y. Soc. for 
 Relief of Widows and Orphans of Med. Men. 
 
 COMEGYS, Cornelius George. Cincinnati, 0. April, 1876. b. July 23, 1816. 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. Cincinnati Med. Chirurgical Soc. 1848 ; 
 Acad. Med. 1872, P. ; Cincinnati Med. Soc. 1875, P. ; Hamilton Co. 
 Med. Soc. 1887, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1859 ; Cincinnati Literary Soc. 
 1868, P.; Honorary, Cleveland Historical Soc. 1869; Trinity His- 
 torical Soc, Texas, 1887; Board Directors, McMicken and Univ. of 
 Cincinnati, 1859-87. Prof. Institutes Med., Miami Med. Coll. 1852-87 ; 
 Prof. Institutes and Clinical Med. Med. Coll. Ohio, 1857-60 and 1863- 
 67. Clinical Lecturer, Cincinnati Hosp. 1857, P. Med. Staff . 
 
 Corson, Hiram. Conshohocken, Pa. April, 1876. b. Oct. 8, 1804. 
 
 M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1828 ; Mont- 
 gomery Co. Med. Soc. 1847, P. 1849 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1847, P. 1852- 
 53 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Corres. Meigs and Mason Acad. Med. 
 Middleport, 0. 1873 ; Associate, Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1874; Honorary, 
 Pathological Soc. Harrisburg, 1881 ; Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. 
 1879 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1884. Trustee State Lunatic Hosp. Harris- 
 burg, 1877-84. 
 
 Davis, Nathan Smith. Chicago, Ills. April, 1876. b. Jan. 9, 1817. 
 
 M.D. 1837, Coll. Phys. and Surg. Western District N. Y. ; A.M. 1871, 
 North Western Univ. ; LL.D. 1878, Illinois Wesleyan Univ. Memb. 
 New York State Med. Soc. 1842 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846^7, P. 1864- 
 66 ; Illinois State Med. Soc. 1850, P. 1855 ; Chicago Med. Soc. 1850, 
 Sec. P. ; Chicago Acad. Sc. 1857 ; Illinois State Microscop. Soc. 1869, 
 Corres. Sec. ; New York Acad. Med. 1868 ; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 
 1877 ; Honorary, British Med. Assoc. 1886 ; Ninth International Med. 
 
 Congr. P. 1887. Phys. Mercy Hosp. 1850 . Prof. Principles and 
 
 Pract. and Clinical Med. Chicago Med. Coll. 1859 . Lecturer Med. 
 
 Jurisprudence, Union Coll. of Law 1873 . Memb. Washington 
 
 Home Assoc, for Treat. Inebriates 1864 . Trustee of Northwestern 
 
 Univ. 1883 . 
 
 Donaldson, Frank. Baltimore, Md. April, 1876. b. July 23, 1823. 
 
 M.D. 1846, Univ. Md. Phys. Quarantine Hosp. Baltimore, 1847-49; 
 Baltimore Almshouse Hosp. 1852-55 ; Church Home and Infirmary 
 1860-73 ; Univ. of Maryland Hosp. 1866-87. Memb. Constit. Amer. 
 Laryngological Assoc. ; Climatological Assoc, P. ; Constit. Assoc. Amer. 
 Physicians ; Med. and Chirurg. Faculty of Maryland, P. ; Baltimore 
 Acad. Med. ; Baltimore Clinical Soc. Prof. Physiol, and Hygiene 1866
 
 APPENDIX. 281 
 
 -80, Clinical Prof. Dis. of Throat and Chest, 1866-87, Univ. Md. . 
 
 Med. Examiner and Referee, Mutual Life Ins. Co. N. Y. 
 
 *Dkake, Daniel. Cincinnati, O. Dec. 1830. b. Oct. 20, 1785. d. Nov. 5, 1852. 
 M.D. 1816, Univ. Pa. Prof Mat. Med. Transylvania Univ. 1817-18, 
 1823-27 ; Prof Instits. and Pract. Med. and of Obstetrics Med. Coll. of 
 Ohio 1820-22 ; Prof. Instits. and Pract. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1830-31 ; 
 in Med. Dept. Cincinnati Coll. 1835-39 ; Prof. Pathol. Anat. and Clini- 
 cal Med. and Med. Instit. Louisville, Ky. 1839-49. Memb. Corres. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1812; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1818; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1850. 
 
 Draper, William H. New York, N. Y. Jan. 1887. b. Oct. 14, 1830. 
 
 A.B. 1851, A.M. 1854, Columbia College; M.D. 1855, Coll. Phys. and 
 Surgeons, N. Y. Memb. New York Co. Med. Soc; Pathological Soc; 
 Acad. Med. ; Med. and Surg. Soc. ; Practitioners' Soc. Attend. Phys. 
 New York Hosp. ; Roosevelt Hosp. ; Consult. Phys. St. Luke's Hosp. ; 
 Presbyterian Hosp. and Trinity Hosp. 
 
 *DuDLEY, Benjamin WiNSLOW. Lexington, Ky. 1842. b. April 12, 1785. 
 d. Jan. 20, 1870. 
 M.D. 1806, Univ. Pa. Prof. Anat. and Surgery Transylvania Univ. 
 1817. 
 
 *ECKARD, Frederick S. Montgomery Co., Pa. Jan. 1849. Fellow 1840, 
 res. Dec. 1848. 
 M.D. 1835, Univ. Pa. 
 
 *Flint, Austin. New York, N.Y. 1868. b. Oct. 20, 1812. d. March 13, 1886. 
 M.D. 1833, Univ. Harvard. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, V. P. 
 1849-50 ; New York Acad. Med., P. ; Internat. Med. Congress 1876 ; 
 Honorary, Med. Soc. and of the Clinical Soc. London ; Corres. Med. 
 Soc. Palermo. Prof. Instit. and Pract. Med. Rush Med. Coll. 1844-45; 
 Prof. Principles and Pract. Med. Buffalo Med. Coll. 1847-52; Prof. 
 Theory and Pract. Med. Univ. Louisville 1852-56; Prof. Clinical Med. 
 New Orleans Med. Coll. 1858-61 ; Prof. Principles and Pract. Med. Bel- 
 levueHosp. Med. Coll. N. Y. 1861. 
 
 Green, Traill. Easton, Pa. April, 1876. b. May 25, 1813. 
 
 M.D. 1835, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1841, Rutger's Coll. ; LL.D.1866, Wash- 
 ington and Jefferson Coll. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc 1836; Amer. 
 Assoc. Advance. Sc. 1848, Fellow, 1874 ; Med. Soc State Pa. 1850, P. 
 1868; Northampton Co. Med. Soc. 1849, P. 1869 and 1877 ; Amer. Med. 
 Assoc. 1853; Amer. Philos. Soc Oct. 1868; Corres. Buffalo Soc. Nat. 
 Sc. 1864; Honorary, Troy Scientific Assoc. 1871; Nat. Hist. Soc. Rut-
 
 ■282 APPENDIX. 
 
 ger's Coll. 1871 ; Assoc. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1874; Amer. Acad. 
 Med. 1876, P. also 1882 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1886. Phys. Philad. Dis- 
 pens. 1835-36 ; Board Ex. Surg. Pa. 1863 ; Trustee Pa. Hosp. for the 
 Insane 1868, P. 1884; U. S. Pension Board 1881-85. Prof. Chemistry 
 LaFayette Coll. 1837-41 ; Prof. Nat. Sc. Marshall Coll. 1841-48 ; Prof. 
 Chemistry, LaFayette Coll. 1853 ; Dean, Pardee Scientific Dep. La- 
 Fayette Coll. 1869. Consult. Surg. St. Luke's Hosp. South Bethle- 
 hem, Pa. 1863 . 
 
 *Hallo\vell, John Hubbard. Maine. 1842. 
 
 ^Hamilton, Frank H. New York, N. Y. 1868. b. Sept. 10, 1813. d. 
 Aug. 11, 1886. 
 
 M.D. 1833, Univ. Pa. Memb. New York State Med. Soc, P. 1855 ; 
 N. Y. Pathological Soc. P. 1866 ; N. Y. Acad. Med. ; Medico-Legal 
 Soc, P. 1875-76 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848. Med. Inspector U. S. A. 
 1863. Prof. Surg. Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll. Visit. Phys. Bellevue 
 Hosp. ; Consult. Surg. St. Elizabeth's Hosp. 
 
 *HoDGEN, John Thompson. St. Louis, Mo. April, 1876. b. Jan. 17. 1826. 
 d. April 28, 1882. 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Missouri ; LL.D. Bethany Coll. Va. Prof. Physiol. 
 1862-68, Anat. 68-75, Surg. Anat. and of Fractures and Dislocations 
 (also Dean), St. Louis Med. Coll. Prof. Clinical Surg. City Hosp. 
 Memb. St. Louis Med. Soc, P. 1872 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1867, P. 1881 ; 
 Internat. Med. Congress, 1876 and 1881 ; Mo. State Med. Assoc, P.1875; 
 Med. Jour, and Libr. Assoc. Miss. Valley, P. 1879. Asst. Surg. U. S. 
 v., and Surg. Genl. Mo.; St. Louis Board of Health 1867-71; Surg. 
 St. Luke's Hosp. St. Louis. 
 
 *HosACK, David. New York, N. Y. 1800. b. Aug. 31, 1769. d. Dec. 22, 1835. 
 
 A.B. 1789, LL.D. Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1791, Univ. Pa. Fellow Linnean 
 
 Soc London; F.E.S.L. 1816, F.R.S.E. 1817 ; Amer. Philos. Soc, July, 
 
 1810. Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1815. Prof. Botany, 1795, Mat. 
 
 Med. 1813-31, Columbia Coll. 
 
 *Jackson, John B. S. Boston, Mass. April, 1876. b. 1806. 
 
 M.D. 1825, Harvard Univ. Memb. Boston Soc. Med. ImiJrovement. 
 
 Johnston, Christopher. Baltimore, Md. April, 1876. b. Sept. 27, 1822. 
 M.D. 1843, Univ. Bait. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855 ; Medico- 
 Chirurgical Faculty Md., P. 1876 ; Baltimore Med. Soc, ex. P. ; Bait. 
 Clinical Soc. ex-P. ; British Med. Assoc. ; Maryland Acad. Sc, P. 1885, 
 and 1887 ; Amer. Microscopical Assoc. 1883 ; International, Period. 
 Congr. of the Med. Sc. 1881, Delegate and Memb. 1884. Consult. Surg. 
 Children's Home and Infirmary ; Hebrew Hosp. Prof. Anat. and
 
 APPENDIX, 283 
 
 Physiol. 1864, General Descript. and Surg. Anat. 1866, Principles and 
 Pract. Surgery 1868, Surgery 1870 Univ. Md. . 
 
 ■Jones, Joseph. New Orleans, La. April, 1876. b. Sept. 6, 1833. 
 
 A.B., Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. Memb. Board of Health State 
 La. ; New Orleans Med. and Surg. Assoc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1859 ; 
 Honorary, Va. State Med. Soc. Surg. Confederate States Army 1862- 
 65. Prof. Chemistry Med. Coll. Savannah 1856-57 ; Prof. Nat. Sc. Univ. 
 Ga. 1857-58 ; Prof. Chemistry, Ga. Med. Coll. 1859-61 ; Prof. Chemistry 
 Univ. La. 1869 . 
 
 *KiNG, James. Pittsburg, Pa. April, 1876. b. Jan. 18, 1816. d. March 
 10, 1880. 
 M.D. 1838, Transylvania Univ. Memb. Allegheny Co. Med. Soc. P. ; 
 Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1866 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1866. Surg. U. S. V. ; 
 Med. Director Pa. Reserves, Surg.-Genl. Pa. until 1864. Hon. Memb. 
 Cal. State Med. Soc. 1871 ; Rocky Mountain Med. Soc. 1871. Trustee 
 Western Univ. Prof. Anat., Physiology, and Hygiene, Washington 
 Coll. Pa. 1844-50. 
 
 KiNLOCH, R. A. Charleston, S. C. April, 1876. b. Feb. 20, 1826. 
 
 A.B. 1845, Coll. Charleston, S. C. ; M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. 
 South Carolina Med. Assoc. P. 1884 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1883, V. P. 
 Surg. Roper Hosp. ; City Hosp. ; Xavier Infirmary, Charleston, S. C. 
 Prof. Surgery Med. Coll. S. C. 
 
 *Knight, Jonathax. New Haven, Ct. 1847. b. Sept. 4, 1789. d. Aug. 
 25, 1864. 
 
 A.B. 1808, M.D. Yale. Prof. Anat. and Physiology, 1813-38, Sur- 
 gery, 1838-64, Yale. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. P. 1846, V. P. 1848, 
 P. 1853. 
 
 *Miller, Henry. Louisville, Ky. 1861. b. Nov. 1, 1800. d. Feb. 8, 1874. 
 M.D. 1822, Transylvania Univ. Prof. Midwifery Univ. Louisville; 
 Louisville Med. Coll. 1835-58; Prof. Med. and Surg. Diseases of 
 Women, 1867, '68. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850, P. 1859. 
 
 Moore, E. M. Rochester, N. Y. April, 1876. 
 
 MOWRY, Robert B. Allegheny City, Pa. April, 1876. b. Dec. 23, 1813. 
 A.B. 1834, Western Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1836, Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 Memb. Allegheny Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850 ; Med. Soc. 
 State Pa., P. 1877. Surg. Western Pa. Hosp. 1850-56. Manager Alle- 
 gheny General Hosp. and on Consult. Staff .
 
 284 APPENDIX. 
 
 *MUSSEK, Reuben Dimoxd. Cincinnati, O. Feb. 1835. b. June 23, 1780. 
 d. June 21, 1866. 
 
 A.B., M.D. 1805, LL.D. 1854, Dartmouth Coll. Prof. Theory and 
 Pract. Med. 1814-19, Anat. and Surg. 1819-38, Dartmouth Coll. ; Prof. 
 Surg. Ohio Med. Coll. 1838-52; Prof. Surg. Miami Med. Coll. 1852-57; 
 Chief Surg. Commercial Hosp. Cincinnati. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1849, P. 1850; Honorary, Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1809. 
 
 McGuiRE, HuxTEPv Holmes. Richmond, Va. Jan. 1887. b. Oct. 11, 1835. 
 M.D. 1855, Winchester Med. Coll., and 1859, Virginia Med. Coll.; LL.D. 
 1887, Univ. N.C. Prof. Anat. Winchester (Va.) Med. Coll. 1855-58. 
 Prof. Surg. Virginia Med. Coll. 1865-78, emeritus 1880. Memb. Vir- 
 ginia Med. Soc. P. 1880; Richmond Acad. Med. P. 1869; Assoc. Med. 
 Officers Army and Navy, Confed. States, P. 1875; Amer. Surg. Assoc. 
 P. 1886 ; International Med. Congress, V. P. 1876 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 V. P. 1881 ; Hon. Fell. North Carolina Med. Soc. 1886. Senior Surg. 
 St. Luke's Hosp. Richmond, Va. Med. Director Army of the Valley, 
 C. S. A. 1861-62 ; Med. Director 2nd Corps A. X. V., C. S. A. 1862-65. 
 
 *McNaughton^, James. Albany, X. Y. July, 1847. b. Dec. 10, 1796. 
 d. June 11, 1874. 
 
 M.D. 1816, Univ. Edinb. Prof Anat. and Physiology, Fairfield 
 Med. Coll. 1820-40 ; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Albany Med. Coll. 
 N. Y. 1840-74. Surg. Albany Hosp. Memb. Med. Soc. Co. of Albany, 
 N. Y., 1828, P. 2 years ; New York State Med. Soc. 1831, P. (twice) ; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47 ; Board of Governors, Union Univ. Sur- 
 geon-General State of N. Y. P. Board of Health, Albany N. Y. 1832. 
 
 Parker, Peter. Washington, D. C. 1842. b. June 18, 1804. 
 
 A.B. 1831, A.M. 1858, M.D. 1834, Yale. Yale Theological Semin. 
 1831-33. Missionary A. B. C. F. M. to China, 1834. Founder and 
 Phys. Ophthalmic Hosp. Canton, 1885. Memb. Med. Missionary Soc. 
 V. P. 1838, P. 1882 ; Royal Asiatic Soc. London, 1842 ; Historical Soc. 
 New York, and Brooklyn, 1842 ; Constit. Soc. Northern Antiquaries, 
 Copenhagen, 1846 ; Mass. Med. Soc. Oct. 1859 ; Deputation Evangel- 
 ical Alliance to Memorialize Emp. Russia in behalf of religious liberty 
 in the Baltic Provinces, 1871 ; Corporate Memb. A. B. C. F. M. 1871. 
 Regent Smithsonian Institution, 1868-84. Chinese Interpreter and 
 Secretary U. S. Legation in China, 1844. U. S. Commissioner, with 
 plenary powers, to China, 1855-57. 
 
 *Parker, Willaed. New York, N. Y. 1876. b. Sept. 2, 1800. d. April 
 25, 1884. 
 
 A.B. 1826, M.D. 1830, Univ. Harvard ; LL.D. 1870, Coll. N. J. Re- 
 sid. U. S. Marine Hosp. Chelsea, 1827-29, Mass. Gen'l. Hosp. 1829-30.
 
 APPENDIX. 285 
 
 Prof. Anat. 1830, and Surg. 1832, Berkshire Med. Coll.; Prof. Surg. 
 Coll. Phys. and. Surg. N. Y. 1839-70. Surg. Bellevue Hosp. 1845 ; 
 Visit. Surg. New York Hosp. 1856; P. New York State Inebriate 
 Asylum, 1865; Consult. Surg. N. Y. Hosp. ; Bellevue Hosp. ; St. Luke's 
 Hosp. ; Koosevelt Hosp. and Mt. Sinai Hosp. Memb. New York Med. 
 Soc. ; N. Y. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Med. ; Pathological Soc. N. Y. ; New 
 York Med. and Surg. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846. 
 
 Pollock, A. M. Pittsburg, Pa. April, 1876. b. Jan. 7, 1820. 
 
 M.D. 1841, Med. Coll. Ohio. Memb. Allegheny Co. Med. Soc. P. 
 1868 ; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1872 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. V. P. 1873 ; 
 Honorary, Med. Soc. State Cal. Surg. Mercy Hosp. ; Parsavants Hosp. 
 Pittsburg. V. P. Dollar Savings Bank, 1859 . 
 
 PORCHER, Francis Peyre. Charleston, S. C. April, 1876. b. Dec. 14, 1825. 
 A.B. 1844, South Carolina Coll. ; M.D. 1847, Med. Coll. of the State 
 of S. C. Memb. Assoc. Amer. Phys. ; Corres. of the Med., the Surg., 
 and the Obstetrical Societies, and Lyceum Nat. Hist, of New York, 
 1847 ; Corres Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1849 ; Corres. Med. and Surg. Soc. 
 Richmond, Va. ; Historical Soc. Wisconsin. Phys. Marine Hosp. 
 Charleston, S. C. 1855-60 ; Confederate Hosp. at Norfolk, and Peters- 
 berg, Va. 1862-64 ; City Hosp. Charleston, S. C. 1866-87. Prof. Mat. 
 Med. and Therapeutics, Med. Coll. State S. C. 
 
 Reeve, John Charles. Dayton, O. b. June 5. 1826. 
 
 M.D. 1851, Western Reserve Coll. Memb. Montgomery Co. Med. 
 Soc. 1854, P. ; Ohio State Med. Soc. 1861, P. 1885 ; Constit. Memb. 
 Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876. Prof. Mat. Med. and Therap. Med. 
 
 Coll. of Ohio, 1861 ; Chief of Staff St. Elizabeth's Hosp. 1878 . 
 
 Phys. Montgomery Co. Children's Home 1876 . 
 
 *Revere, John. New York, N. Y. May, 1841. b. March 17, 1787. d. 
 May 1, 1847. 
 A.B. 1807, Harvard Univ.; M.D. 1811, Edinb. Prof. Mat. Med. 
 Jefferson Med. Coll. 1831-40 ; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med., Univ. of 
 City N. Y. 1840-47. 
 
 Richardson, Tobias Gibson. New Orleans, La. Jan. 1887. b. Jan. 3, 1827. 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Louisville. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855, P. 
 1878; Kentucky State Med. Soc. 1860; Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 1857; Hon., Philad. Acad. Surg.; Fellow Abingdon Acad. Med. 1880; 
 Constit. Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1880 ; Louisiana State Med. Soc. ; Internat. 
 Med. Congresses, 1866, 1876, V. P., 1887, V. P. Resid. U. S. Marine 
 Hosp. Louisville 1846-48 ; Demonstrator Anat. Med. Coll. Louisville 
 1848-56. Prof. Anat. Pa. Med. Coll. 1856-58 ; Prof. Anat. 1858-72, Sur-
 
 286 APPENDIX. 
 
 gery, 1872 . Univ. La. Attend. Surg. Charity Hosp. New Orleans 
 
 1858 . Med. Inspector and Director Genl. C. S. A. 1862-65. 
 
 *Senter, Isaac. Newport, E. I. 1790. b. 1735. d. Dec. 20, 1799. 
 
 Surg. American Army ; Surg, and Phys. Genl. State E. I. 1780. 
 Honorary, Mass. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. London ; Ehode Island State 
 Med. Soc. P. 
 
 *Sewell, Thomas. Washington, D. C. 1842. d. April 10, 1845. 
 
 Shattuck, George Cheyne. Boston, Mass. 1839. b. July 22, 1813. 
 
 A.B. 1831, A.M. 1834, M.D. 1835, Univ. Harvard. Memb. Massachu- 
 setts Med. Soc. 1836 ; Boston Soc. Med. Observation 1837 ; Boston Soc. 
 Med. Jurisprudence 1835 ; Amer. Acad. Arts, and Sc. Visit. Phys. 
 Massachusetts General Hosp. 1850-86. Prof. Clinical Med. 1855-59, 
 Prof. Theory and Practice Med. 1859-74, Prof. Physiology and Instit. 
 Med., Harvard Univ. 
 
 *Smith, Nathan Eyno. Baltimore, Md. 1842. b. May 21, 1797. d. July 
 3, 1877. 
 A.B. 1817, M.D. 1823, Yale Coll. Memb. Honorary Philad. Med. Soc. 
 Feb. 1825; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Prof. Surg, and Anat. Univ. 
 Vermont; Prof. Anat. and Physiol. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1824-26; in 
 Univ. Md. 1827; Prof. Surgery Univ. Md. 1829-70. [Prof. Pract. 
 Med. Transylvania Univ. 1838-40.] 
 
 *Stevens, Alexander H. New York, N. Y. 1847. b. 1789. d. March 
 30, 1869. 
 A.B. Yale; M.D. 1811, Univ. Pa. Memb. (Fellow) Coll. Phys. and 
 Surg. N. Y. 1813 ; New York State Med Soc, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 
 1846-47. V. P., 1848, P. 1849. Prof. Surg. Med. Dept. Queen's Coll. 
 1814-16, Trustee 1820-26; Prof. Surg. 1837-39, 40-44; Coll. Phys. and 
 Surgeons N. Y. ; Visit. Phys. New York Hosp. 1817. 
 
 *Stewardson, Thomas. (Fellow.) Jan. 1835. Assoc, Savannah, Ga., 
 Jan. 1847. b. July 10, 1807. d. June 30, 1878. 
 M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1830-32. Memb. Societe 
 Medicale d' Observation, Paris 1833; Philad. Med. Soc Dec. 1826; 
 Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1836, Eecord. Sec. 1837-40, Corres. Sec. 1859- 
 66 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1860 ; Corresp. Memb. Societe Imperiale Aca- 
 demique de Cherbourg, 1868. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1837-38 ; Pa. Hosp. 
 1838-47. Memb. Board of Health 1838-40, 1861-63, 1867-72; Lazaretto 
 Phys. May, 1864-May, '65; Prof. Natural Science Georgia Military In- 
 stit. 1851-53.
 
 APPENDIX. 2ST 
 
 *TiLTON, James. Delaware. 1790. b. 1745. d. May 14, 1822. 
 
 M.D. 1771, Coll. Philad. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1773. 
 Phys. Genl. Hosp. Amer. Army at Princeton 1777-82; Surg. Genl. U. 
 S.A.March, 1813. 
 
 *TwiTCHELL, Amos. Keene, N. H. 1843. 
 
 *Ware, Thomas. Boston, Mass. 1842. 
 
 *Wareen, John C. Boston, Mass. 1846. 
 
 *Way, Nicholas. Delaware. 1790. d. Sept. 2, 1797, set. 50. 
 M.D. "1771, Coll. Philad. Director U. S. Mint 1796. 
 
 *Wellford, Beverly Randolph. Fredericksburg, Va. 1850. b. July 
 29, 1797. d. Dec. 27, 1870. 
 M.D. 1816, Univ. Md. Prof. Mat. Med. Med. Coll. Va. 1854. Memb. 
 Med. Soc. Va., P. 1852 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, V. P. 1851-52, P. 
 1852-53. 
 
 Whittaker, James T. Cincinnati, O. 1886. b. March 3, 1843. 
 
 A.B. 1863, A.M. 1868, Miami Univ. ; M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. and 1867, 
 Med. Coll. Ohio. Memb. Cincinnati Acad. Med. 1869, P. 1887 ; Ohio 
 State Med. Soc. 1871; Amer. Med. Assoc, 1884; International Med. 
 Congr. 1884; Assoc. Amer. Phys., Recorder, 1886; Climatological Assoc. 
 1886. Surgeon's Steward, 1863, Act. Asst. Surgeon till Oct. 10, 1865, 
 U. S. Navy. Resid. City Hosp. 1867. Lecturer on Pathology, 1870, 
 Clinical Med. 1875, Good Samaritan Hosp. Prof. Physiol. 1870-80,. 
 Theory and Pract. Med. 1880 . Med. Coll. Ohio. 
 
 *W0RTHINGT0N, WiLMER. West Chester, Pa. 1868. d. Sept. 11, 1873, 
 «t. 69. 
 
 M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Memb. Chester Co. Med. Assoc. P.; Amer. 
 Med. Assoc. 1848; Med. Soc. State Pa. P. 1850; House Rep. Legisla- 
 ture Pa. Speaker of the Senate. Surveyor of the Port of Philad. Secre- 
 tary of the Board of State Charities. 
 
 Yandell, David Wendel. Louisville, Ky. Jan. 1887. b. Sept. 4, 1826. 
 M.D. 1846, Univ. Louisville. Memb. Med. Soc. State Ky. 1852; 
 Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850, P. 1873 ; Med. Soc. London, 1881 ; Med. Soc. 
 Edinb. 1881 ; Amer. Surg. Assoc. Phys. 1848, Consult. Phys. 1860-65, 
 Surg. 1865-70, Consult. Surg. 1870-87, Louisville City Hosp. Prof. 
 Clinical Med. and Pathol. Anat. 1858-61, Theory and Pract. Med. 1867 
 -69, Clinical Surgery, 1870-74, Surgery and Clinical Surg. 1874-87, 
 Univ. Louisville. Prof. Surgery Coll. Phys. and Surg. Indianapolis, 
 1871-72. Surg, and Med. Director C. S. A. 1861-65. 
 
 American Associates, living 30 ; deceased 35.
 
 I 
 
 288 APPENDIX. 
 
 FOREIGN ASSOCIATES. 
 
 ACKLAND, Sir Hexry W. Oxford, England. July, 1873. b. 1815. 
 
 M.D. 1848, Oxford, K.C.B., 1884, F.R.S. Eegius Prof. Med. Oxford 
 
 Univ. 1858. Memb. Royal Sanitary Commission, ] 869-72 ; Amer. Philos. 
 
 Soc. Jan. 1873 ; British Med. Assoc. P. Honorary Phys. Prince of 
 
 Wales. 
 
 f , 
 
 1 *Alvaren2A, p. F. Da Costa. Lisbon, Portugal. Oct. 1869. d. 1883 (?). 
 
 Barnes, Eobert. London, England. Jan. 1877. 
 
 *BoECK, W. Christiania, Norway. 1872. d. Jan. 1876. 
 
 Butcher, R. G. H. Dublin, Ireland. 1865. 
 
 *Christison, Sir Robert. Edinburgh, Scotland. Dec. 1848. b. July 
 18, 1797. d. Jan. 27, 1882. 
 
 M.D. 1819, Univ. Ediub.; D.C.L. 1866, Univ. Oxford; Baronet, 
 1871; LL.D. 1872, Univ. Edinb. Prof. Med. Jurisprudence, 1822; 
 Prof. Mat. Med. Univ. Edinb. 1832-77. Royal Coll. Phys. Edinb. P. 
 Ordinary Phys. to the Queen in Scotland. 
 
 *Churchill, Fleetwood. Dublin, Ireland. 1853. 
 
 *CouRTY, Amedee. Montpellier, France. 1881. 
 
 Fayrer, Sir Joseph. London, England. 1883. b. Dec. 6, 1824. 
 
 M.D. 1848, Univ. Rome ; M.D. 1858, Edinb. K.C.S.1. 1876, LL.D. 1878, 
 F.R.S. Fellow Royal Coll. Phys. 1872; R.C.S. London and Edinb. 
 1878, R.N. 1847-59, R.A. Bengal, 1850-74. Prof. Surgery Royal Coll. 
 Bengal, 1859-74. Fellow Roy. Geol. Soc. 1848 ; F.R.S. 1877 ; Fellow 
 Roy. Medico-Chirurgical Soc. Memb. Council Patholog. Soc. ; Ex-P. 
 Epidem. and Med. Soc. ; Corres. Acad. Med. Paris. ; Roy. Acad. Med. 
 Rome ; Ex-P. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. Late Surg.-Gen. Bengal Med. Ser- 
 vice ; P. Med. Board India Office, 1874 ; Phys. to Sec. of State for 
 India in Council, 1874 ; Memb. of Senate Army Med. School, Netley, 
 1874; Army Sanitary Commission, 1874; Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
 1874; Examiner in Anat. and Physiol. Indian Naval and Med. Ser- 
 vices, 1880 ; Gov. Guy's Hosp. ; Gov. Charing Cross Hosp. Honorary 
 Phys. to the Queen, and to the Prince of Wales ; Phys. to the Duke of 
 Edinburgh.
 
 APPENDIX. 289 
 
 FOTHERGILL, J. MiLNER. London, England. Oct. 1878. 
 
 M.D. Memb. Royal Coll. Phys. London. Assist. Phys. for Diseases 
 of the Chest, City of London Hosp. 
 
 *GiNTRAC, E. Bordeaux, France. 1857. 
 
 *Hall, Archibald. Canada. Oct. 1852. d. 1867. 
 M.D., F.R.S. Prof. Anat. McGill Coll. 
 
 Heath, Christopher. London, England. 188'3. b. March 13, 1835. 
 
 Fellow Royal Coll. Surg, of England, 1860, Councillor, 1881, Memb. 
 Court of Examiners, 1883. Memb. Pathological Soc. London, 1856; 
 Fell. Royal Med. and Chirurgical Soc. 1865 ; Constit. Memb. Clinical 
 Soc. London, Treas. Holme Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. Coll. 1875; 
 Surg. Univ. Coll. Hosp. ; Examiner in Surgery Univ. London, 1886. 
 Fell. King's Coll. London. 
 
 Howard, Robert Palmer. Montreal, Canada. Jan. 1887. b. Jan. 10, 1823. 
 M.D., CM. 1848, LL.D. 1886, McGill Univ.; L.R.C.S. 1848, Edinb. 
 
 Prof Clinical Med. 1856-60, Theory and Pract. 1860 ., Dean Med. 
 
 Faculty, 1882 ., McGill Univ. Memb. Medico-Chirurg. Soc. Mon- 
 treal, P. 1880; Canada Med. Assoc. P. 1880; a foreman Coll. Phys. 
 and Surgeons, Quebec, 1860, P. 1880. Attend. Phys. Montreal Gen. 
 Hosp. 1852-74, Sec. 1854; Protestant Orphan Asylum, 1 858 . Con- 
 sult. Phys. Montreal Gen. Hosp. 1854 . 
 
 Jacksok, J. Hughlings. Loudon, England. April, 1874. 
 
 JOHXSON, George. Loudon, England. April, 1876. b. Nov. 1818. 
 
 M.D. 1844. First Med. Tutor King's Coll. 1843-50. Prof. Mat. Med. 
 1857 ; Prof. Princip. and Pract. Med. 1863 ; Prof. Clinical Med. 1876- 
 86 King's Coll.; F.R.S. 1872; P. Royal Med. and Chirurgical Soc. 1884 
 -86. Senior Phys. King's Coll. Hosp. 1876. 
 
 *Lettsom, John Coakley. London, England. 1802. b. 1744. d. March 1, 
 1815. 
 Fellow Royal Coll. Phys. London, F.R.S. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 Jan. 1787. 
 
 *Lever, John M. London, England, 1854. 
 Surgeon Guy's Hosp. 
 
 Lister, Sir Joseph, Bart. Edinburgh, Scotland. Jan. 1877. b. 1827. 
 
 M.B. 1852, Univ. London; F.R.C.S. England 1852; R.C.S.E. 1855, 
 LL.D. 1879, Univ. Glasgow, 1880 Cambridge; D.C.L. 1880, Oxford, 
 Bart. 1880. Regius Prof. Surgerj' Univ. Glasgow. 
 
 19
 
 290 APPENDIX. 
 
 *Louis, p. Ch. A. Paris, France. 1835. 
 
 MACLEOD, George H. B. Glasgow, Scotland. 1865. b. 1828. 
 
 M.D. 1853, Univ. Glasgow; F.R.S. Edin.; F.R.C.S. 1857, Edin. ; 
 Fell. Faculty Phys. and Surg. Glasgow 1858. Regius Prof. Surgery Univ. 
 Glasgow. Surgeon in Ordinary to the Queen in Scotland. P. Medico- 
 Chirurgical Soc. Glasgow (two terms). Corres. de la Soc. de Cher, de 
 Paris. Corres. Etrang. de I'Acad. de Med. Paris. Memb. Deut. Gesell. 
 fiir Chirurg. Senior Surg, and Lecturer Clinical Surgery Western In- 
 firmary, Glasgow. Formerly, Surg. Royal Infirmary, and Senior Surg. 
 General Hosp. in camp before Sebastopol. 
 
 Ogle, Johx W. London, England. July, 1873. 
 
 Paget, Sir James, Bart. London, England. April, 1874. b. Jan. 11, 1814. 
 Memb. 1836, Fellow 1843, Royal Coll. Surg, of England. Honorary, 
 D.C.L. Oxford. LL.D. Cambridge, also, Edinb. F.R.C.S. Ireland. 
 M.D. Bonn, also Wiirzburg. F.R.S. 1851; Corres. Acad. Sc. Instit. 
 France 1886. Assist. Surg. 1847, Surg. 1861-71 St. Bartholomew's Hosp. 
 London. 
 
 *Peacock, Thomas B. London, England. July, 1873. 
 
 *Pereira, Jonathan". London, England. 1848. b. May 22, 1804. d. 
 Jan. 20, 1853. 
 
 M.D. 1840, Erlangen ; F.R.S. and L.S. Licentiate Coll. Phys. Lon- 
 don, Fellow, 1845. Memb. Royal Coll. Surgeons June, 1825. Fellow 
 and Phys. London Hosp. Lecturer, and Examiner on Mat. Med. Univ. 
 Loudon. 
 
 *Renaudet, Peter. Bristol, England. 1795. 
 
 Valcourt, Thophile de. Cannes, France. Oct. 1869. b. May 3, 1836. 
 M.D. 1864, Paris ; M.R.C.P. London, 1878. Memb. Med. Societies 
 of Paris, Stockholm, Chambery, Reims, Odessa ; British Med. Assoc. ; 
 Assoc. Frangaise des Sciences ; International Med. Congr. ; ]\Ieteorolo- 
 gical Soc. of France. Surgeon Cannes City Hosp. ; Marine Hosp. for 
 Scrofulous Children; Asile Evangclique; Consult. Phys. at Cannes 
 (Alpes Maritimes). 
 
 Valery, Gaetano. Rome, Italy. Oct. 1857. 
 
 M.D. Physician and Lecturer on Pathological Anat. Hosp. Santo 
 Spirito, Rome. 
 
 *Velasco, Pedro Gonzales. Spain. 1861. d. 1881. 
 Director Anatomical Museum Univ. Madrid. 
 
 *Walther, Hermann. Dresden, Saxony. 1860. d. 1883. 
 
 Foreign Associates living, 15 ; deceased, 15.
 
 APPENDIX. 291 
 
 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 
 
 Carrow, Flemming. Canton, China. 1880. 
 Chiara, Domenioo. Milan, Italy. 1880. 
 
 Dey, Kanny Lael. Calcutta, India. Feb. 1886. b. Sept. 24, 1831. 
 
 G.M.C.B. 1854, Med. Coll. of Bengal ; Bai Bahadoor, 1872 ; CLE. 
 (Companion Indian Empire) 1884. Memb. Sydenham Soc. London 
 1859; British Med. Assoc. 1863; Pharmaceutical Soc. Great Britain, 
 1863 ; F.U.C. [Fellow Univ. Calcutta] 1870 ; Faculty of Med. Univ. 
 Calcutta, 1871 ; Chemical Soc. London (F.C.S.), 1880; Soc. Science, 
 Letters and Art, London (F.S. Sc. Lond.), 1880; Calcutta Med. Soc. V. 
 P. 1881 ; Syndicate Calcutta Univ. 1886 ; Distr. Charit. Soc. Calcutta, 
 1886; Assist. Govt. Chemical Examiner, 1854; Prof. Chemistry Calcutta 
 Med. Coll. 1854; Presidency Coll. Calcutta, 1862; Additional Chemical 
 Examiner to Govt, and Assist, to Prof. 1867-72 ; Teacher of Chemistry 
 and Med. Jurisprudence to the Vernacular Classes, Calcutta Med. Coll. 
 1869-84; Prof. Chemistry, and Govt. Chemical Examiner, Calcutta 
 Med. Coll. 1877-78. Justice of the Peace (J. P.) Calcutta, 1872-87 ; 
 Committee of the Economic Museum, 1874-87; Municipal Commis- 
 sioner, Calcutta, 1877-85; Central Committee for the Selection of the 
 Vernacular Text-books, 1877-87; Presidency Magistrate for the town of 
 Calcutta, 1881-87 ; Committee and Juror of the Calcutta Exhib. of 
 Indian Art Manufactures, 1881-82 ; Juror at the Jeypore Exhib. 1883 ; 
 also, Calcutta Internat. Exhib. 1883-84. 
 
 N.B. Retired from the service of the Government at the end of 30 
 years employment, 1884. 
 
 Eendu, Jean. Lyons, France. 1855. 
 
 Wasseige, Adolphe. Liege, Belgium. 1880. b. Sept. 10, 1827. 
 
 M.D. 1854, Univ. Liege. Corres. Acad. Royal Med. de Belgique 
 March, 1861 ; Constit. Medico-Chirurg. Soc. Liege, P. 1862 and '79 ; 
 Memb. Medico-Chirug. Soc. Bologne, Jan. 1876 ; Royal Soc. Med. and 
 Nat. Sc. Brussels, Aug. 1876 ; Med. Soc. Gand, May, 1877 ; Med. Soc. 
 Antwerp, Sept. 1877 ; Soc. of Public Med. Kingdom of Belgium, Aug. 
 1877; Soc. Med. and Nat. Sc. Dresden, 1859; Obstetrical Soc. Leipzic, 
 July, 1880; Societe Imperiale de Vilna, June, 1880; Med. Soc. Lyons, 
 July, 1882; Obstetrical Soc. Edinb. Oct. 1882; Med. Soc. Charleroi 
 July, 1883; Obstetrical Soc. San Francisco, Cal. Jan. 1884; Med. Soc. 
 Strasbourg July, 1884 ; Obstetrical Soc. Paris, June, 1885 ; Royal Acad. 
 Palermo Jan. 1886 ; Med. Acad. France, June, 1886 ; Titulary, Royal 
 Acad. Med. Belgium, 1881 ; Med. Soc. Ghent, Aug. 1884; Belgian Geo- 
 graphical Soc. April, 1884. 
 
 Correspondents, 5.
 
 292 APPENDIX. 
 
 LIST OF BIOGRAPHICAL XOTICES OF FELLOWS AND ASSOCIATES OF THE 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. NOVEMBER, 1887. 
 
 Arnold, Richard Dennis, M.D. By T. S. Hopkins, M.D. Trans. Amer. 
 Med. A'isoc, vol. 29, 1878. 
 
 Atlee, John Light, M.D., LL.D. By D. Hayes Agnew, M.D. Trans. 
 Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. viii., 3d Series, 1886. 
 Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xviii. 
 
 Atlee, Washington Lemuel, M.D. By Thomas M. Drysdale, M.D. 
 Gynecological Transactions, vol. iii., 1879. 
 By T. M. Drysdale, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xii., 1879. 
 By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 30, 1879. 
 
 Bache, Franklin, M.D. By George B. Wood, M.D. Read June 16, 
 1865. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. x., 1865. 
 
 By George B Wood, M.D. Read May 3, and June 7, 1865, before the 
 Coll. Phys. Philad. Pamphlet, with portrait, 8vo. pp. 66. Philadel- 
 phia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1865. 
 
 By Aug. H. Fish, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., 4th Series, Part 
 L, 1865. 
 
 By William ]\Iaybury, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 16, 1865. 
 
 Bard, Samuel, M.D., LL.D. By Henry W. Ducachet, M.D. The Amer. 
 * 3fed. Recorder, vol. 4, 1821. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. — Abridged 
 
 from his life, by Rev. John McVickar. 
 By James P. White, M D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 
 
 1861. 
 Anon. Biograj)hia Americana, Xew York, 1825. The Lives of Eminent 
 Philadelphiaas now Deceased. By Henry Simpson. Philad., 1859. 
 Appleton's New Amer. Encyclopedia. 
 
 Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Miller's 
 Retrospects. Simpson s Lives of Eminent Philadelpkians. Philad., 1859. 
 Anon. Biographia Americana, New York, 1825. 
 
 W. P. C. Barton, M.D. Read before the Philad. Med. Soc. The 
 ortfolio, April, 1816. 
 
 Beck, T. Romeyn, M.D., LL.D. Anon. A.pp\(iXon's,Neio Amer. Encyclopedia. 
 
 Beesley, Theophilus E. By Squire Littell, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. 
 
 Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-1874. 
 By H. Y. Evans, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 5th Series, Part 
 
 I., 1868. 
 By C. C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870.
 
 APPENDIX. 293 
 
 Bell, John, M.D. By Lawrence TurnbuU, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of 
 Pa., vol. X., Part II., 1875. 
 
 BiDDLE, John Barclay, M.D. By E. B. Gardette, M.D. Trans. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., vol. iv., 3d Series, 1879. 
 By Ellerslie Wallace, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xii.. Part 
 
 II., 1879. 
 By Frank Woodbury, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 31, 1880. 
 
 BiGELOW, Jacob, M.D. By L. F. Warner, M.D. [Extracts from a Memoir, 
 by Rev. George Ellis, D.D.] Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 33, 1882. 
 
 BOLLES, Lucius S., M.D. By A. D. Hall, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of 
 Pa., vol. X., Part IL, 1875. 
 
 Bond, Henry, M.D. By D. Francis Condie, M.D. T-ans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. iii., New Series, 1856-1862. Also in Trans. Med. Soc. 
 State of Pa., 2d Series, Part V., I860. Simpson's Lives of Eminent 
 Philadelphians now Deceased. Philad., 1859. 
 By Horatio Gates Jones. Oenealogies of the Eearly Settlers of Watertown. 
 By Henry Bond, M.D. 2d edition. Boston, 1860. 
 
 BouRNONViLLE, Antoine, M.D. By Andrew Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. 
 Soc State of Pa., 3d Series, Part III., 1864. Trans, Amer. Med. Assoc, 
 vol. 16, 1855. 
 
 Bridges, Robert, M.D. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Proc Acad. 
 Nat. Sc Philad., 1882. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1884. Amer. Journ. 
 Pharmacy, 1884. 
 
 Brinckle, Thomas R, By Samuel Emlen, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. ii., New Series, 1856. 
 
 Brinckle, William Draper, M.D. By E. B. Gardette, M.D. Read before 
 the Pennsylvania Horticultural Soc, March 24, 1863. Pamphlet. 
 
 Burns, Robert, M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. 
 
 Caldwell, Charles, M.D., Autobiography of, with a preface, notes, and 
 appendix, by Harriot W. Warner. 8vo. pp. 474. Philadelphia : Lip- 
 pincott, Grambo & Co., 1855. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadel- 
 phians now Deceased. Philad., 1859. 
 By H. H. Coates, M.D. Read before the Amer. Philos. Soc. — Biog- 
 raph. Pamphlets. No. 1732, Libr. Coll. Phys. Philad. 
 
 Carson, Joseph, M.D. By James Darrach, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 
 3d Series, vol. iv., 1879. 
 By W. S. W. Ruschenberger. The Amer. Journ. Med. Sc, April, 1877. 
 By R. Seaman, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xi.. Part IL, 
 
 1887.
 
 294 APPENDIX. 
 
 Chapman, Nathaniel, 3I.D. By J. B. Biddle, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. 
 
 By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1866. 
 By Prof. Samuel Jackson. A commemorative discourse, delivered 
 
 before the Trustees, Medical Faculty, and Students, Univ. Pa., Oct. 
 
 13, 1854. 
 A tribute to, in verse, by J. K. Mitchell, M.D. Medical Examiner, Sept. 
 
 1853. 
 By B. S. Butler, M.D. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now 
 
 Deceased. Philad., 1859. 
 
 Choyet, Dr. Abraham. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. 
 
 CoxE, William S., M.D. By Henry Bond, M.D. Bead Nov. 6, 1838. 
 MS. Biographical Memoirs. Libr. Coll. PItys. Philad. F. 909. 
 
 Cruice, William Robert, M.D. By Edward J. Nolan, M.D. Read before 
 the Philad. Co. Med. Soc, May 11, 1887. 
 
 CuRRlE, Dr. William. By a Physician of Philad. The Register of Penn- 
 sylvania, by Samuel Hazard, vol. xi., Sept. 1830. 
 By George W. Norris, M.D. The Early History of 3Iedicine in Phila- 
 'delphia. Philad., 1886. 
 
 Dakrach, William, M.D. By Dr. Theophilus E. Beesley. Tram. Coll. 
 
 Phys. Philad., vol. iv., New Series, 1863-1874. 
 By A. Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 4th Series, Part 
 
 II., 1866. 
 By Charles Shields, D.D. 
 
 Drake, Daniel, M.D. By C. D. Meigs, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. ii., New Series, 1853-55. 
 
 Drayton, Henry E. By Andrew Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State 
 of Pa., Part II., 3d Series, 1863. 
 
 Dudley, Benjamin Winslow, M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. 
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 By L. P. Yandell, M.D. Read April 6, 1870, before the Kentucky 
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 DuFFlELD, Benjamin. By Dr. John Neill. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. 
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 DUNGLISON, ROBLEY, M.D., LL.D. By S. D. Gross, M.D., LL.D. Tram. 
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 Surg. Journ., vol. vi., 1828. 
 By Dr. Meigs. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians.
 
 APPENDIX. 295 
 
 Fish, Augustine H., M.D. By Horace Y. Evans, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. 
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 By John D. Jackson, M.D. Tra)v<. Amer. Med. Assoc., vol. 24, 1873. 
 
 Flint, Austin, M.D. By J. M. Da Costa, M.D., LL.D. Read Oct. 5, 1887. 
 IVans. Coll. Fhys. Phllad., vol. x., 3d Series. 
 
 Fox, GeohCxE, M.D. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Trans. Coll. Pl>>js. 
 Phllad., vol. vii., 3d Series, 1884. 
 
 Gebhard, Lewis P., M.D. By George Hamilton, M.D, Trans. Med. Soc, 
 State of Pa., vol. x.. Part I., 1874. 
 
 Gerhard, William W., M.D. By Thomas Stewardson, M.D. Trans. Coll. 
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 Gibbons, Henry, M.D. Anon. Med. and Surg. Reporter Philad., Nov. 
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 By Prof. L. C. Lane. Pacific Med. and Surg. Journ. and Western Lancet, 
 pp. 49-60, vol. 28, 1885. Editorial notice, vol. 27, p. 268. 
 
 Gilbert, William Kent, M.D. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. 
 Assoc, vol. 32, 1881. 
 
 Glentworth, George, M.D. Anon. Columbian Magazine, vol. 9, 1792. 
 
 Grant, William R., M.D. By Dr. Atlee. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., 
 New Series, 1850-53. 
 By Henry S. Patterson, ]\[.D. — with portrait. Simpson's Lives of Emi- 
 nent Philadelphians. 
 
 Greene, James M., M.D., U. S. Navy. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. 
 
 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, \o\. 23, 1872. 
 
 Griffitts, Samuel P., M.D. By G. Emmerson, M.D. North Amer. Med. and 
 Surg. Journ., vol. iii., 1827. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. 
 By B. H. Coates, M.D. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. 
 
 Gross, Samuel D., M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. By I. Minis Hays, M.D. Ti-ans. 
 
 Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. vii., 3d Series, 1884. Med. and Surg. Reporter 
 
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 By J. M. DaCosta. Proc Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxii., 1885. 
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 2 vols. 8vo. George Barrie, Philadelphia, 1887. 
 
 Hamilton, George, M.D. By John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D. Tratis. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. viii., 3d Series, 1886. 
 
 Hartshorne, Edward, M.D. By Henry Hartshorne, M.D., LL.D. Read 
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 296 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hartshorne, Joseph, M.D. By Charles Evans, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. 
 
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 By E. Hartshorne. M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 
 
 Philad., 1861. 
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 Hayes, Isaac I., M.D. Anon. Daibj Tribune, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1881. Bio- 
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 Anon. Appleton's Annual Encyclopaedia and Register of Important Events, 
 for the year 1881. New York, 1882. 
 
 Hays, Isaac, M.D. By Alfred Stille, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. 
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 Henderson, Andreav Augustus, M.D. By J. H. Kidder, M.D. Trans. 
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 Hewson, Thomas T. By Franklin Bache, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
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 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 3, 1850. Simpson's Lives of Eminent 
 Philadelphians. 
 
 Hodge, H. Lennox, A.M., M.D. By William G. Porter, M.D. Trans. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., vol. vi., 3d Series, 1882. 
 Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xiv., 1882. 
 
 Hodge, Hugh L., M.D., LL.D. By R. A. F. Penrose, M.D. Read before 
 the Trustees, Professors, and Students of the Univ. of Pa., Oct. 6, 1873. 
 By William Goodell, M.D. lYans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. x., Part 
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 HODGEN, John Thompson, M.D. By A. J. Steele, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. 
 Assoc, vol. 33, 1882. 
 
 HosACK, David, M.D., By Alexander Eddy Hosack, M.D. Amer. Med. 
 Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D., 1861. Appleton's New Amer. Encyclo- 
 pedia. 
 
 Hunter, Charles T., M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State o/ Pa., vol. xvii., 
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 Anon. Med. and Surg. Reporter Philad., May 10, 1884. 
 
 Hutchinson, James, M.D. Thacher'sAmer. Med. Biogr. The Lives of Emi- 
 nent Philadelphians now Deceased, by Henry Simpson — with portrait. 
 Philad., 1859. 
 
 Jackson, Samuel, M.D. (Prof.) Anon. IVans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 24, 
 1873.
 
 APPENDIX. 297 
 
 Janney, Benjamin Say, M.D. By Andrew Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. 
 6'oc. State of Pa., 2d Series, Part V., 1860. 
 
 James, Thomas Chalkly, M.D. By Hugh L. Hodge, M.D. Eead June,. 
 
 1841. MS. Biographical Sketches. Lib. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. 
 
 Casket, 1830. Sim-pson's Lives of E77iinent Philadelphians. Williams's 
 
 Amer. Med. Biogr., 1845. 
 By Casper Morris, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. 
 By Job E. Tyson. Eead Feb. 1, 1836, before the Hist. Soc. Pa. 
 
 Pamphlet, 1836. 
 
 Jewell, Wilson, M.D. By William T. Taylor, M.D. Travis. Med. Soc. 
 State of Pa., vol. xiii., 1880. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 31, 1880. 
 
 Jones, John, M.D. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Copied from Mease's 
 notice. 
 By James Mease^ M.D. The Surgical Works of the late John Jones, M.D. 
 Philad. 1795. 
 
 King, James, M.D. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med, Assoc, vol. 
 31, 1880. 
 
 Kirkbride, Thomas S., M.D. By John Curwen, M.D. Proc Amer. Philos. 
 Soc, vol. xxii., 1885. 
 Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. 
 
 Klapp, Joseph, M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. 
 
 Klapp, William Henry, M.D. By D. Francis Condie, M.D. Trans. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., vol. iii., 1856-62; also. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., 2d 
 Series, Part II., 1857. 
 
 Knight, Jonathon, M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D. Trans. Amer. 
 Med. Assoc, vol. 16, 1865. 
 
 KuHN, Adam, M.D. By one of his pupils. The Eclectic Repertory, vol. 
 viii., Philad. 1818. 
 Anon. The Eclectic Repertory, v6\.l ; also, pamphlet. Thacher's ^wer, 
 Med. Biogr. 
 
 La Eoche, Eene, M.D. By John D. Jackson, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. 
 Assoc, vol. 24, 1873. 
 By J. G. Nancrede, M.D. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. 
 
 Lamb, John Ferguson, M.D. By Lawrence Turnbull, M.D. Trans. Med. 
 
 Soc State of Pa., 6th Series, Part XL, 1871. 
 
 Leavitt, Thaddeus L., M.D. By Eobert N. Downs, M.D. Trans. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881.
 
 298 APPENDIX. 
 
 Le Conte, John Lawrence, ]\I.D. By George H. Horn, M.D. Proc. Amer. 
 Philos. Soc, vol. xxi., 1883-84. 
 By Samuel H. Scudder. Read before the National Academy of 
 Science, April 17, 1884. Trans. Amer. Entomological Soc. Philad. 
 
 Maury, Francis Fontaine, M.D. By Samuel W. Gross, M.D. Trans. 
 3Ied. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xiii. 
 
 Maybitry, William, A.M., M.D. By A. Nebinger, M.D. Trayis. Med. Soc. 
 State of Pa., vol. x., Part II., 1875. 
 
 McClellan, George, M.D. By S. G. Morton, M.D. T-ans. Coll. Phys. 
 
 Philad., vol. 2, 1846-49. Pamphlet. 
 By W. Darrach, M.D. " Introductory Lecture, Pennsylvania College, 
 
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 Anon. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelpluans. 
 By J. H. B. McClellan, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, 
 
 M.D. 1861. 
 
 McNaughton, James, M.D. By G. W. Tucker. M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. 
 Co. of Albany, N. Y., p. 363, vol. iii. Albany, N. Y., 1883. 
 
 Meigs, Charles D., M.D. By J. Forsyth Meigs, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-74. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 
 24, 1873. 
 By John Bell, M.D. P7-oc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xiii., 1873. 
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 Meigs, James Aitkin, M.D. By Henry C. Chapman, M.D. Trayis. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. 
 By George Hamilton, M.D. Th-ans. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xiii., 1880. 
 By Lawrence Turnbull, M.D. The Medical Bulletin. Pamphlet, 1881. 
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 Meigs, J. Forsyth, M.D. By Arthur V. Meigs, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. vii., 3d Series, 1884. 
 By William Pepper, M.D. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxi., April, 
 1863, to Jan. 1864. 
 
 Miller, Henry, M.D. By S. D. Gross, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, 
 vol. 26, 1875. 
 
 Mitchell, John Kearsley, M.D. By A. Nebinger, 31. D. Ti-ans. Med. 
 Soc State of Pa., New Series, Part IV., 1859. 
 
 Moore, John. By J. Wilson Moore, M.D. Read Nov. 1, 1856. MS. Bio- 
 graphical Sketches. Lib. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909.
 
 APPENDIX. 299 
 
 Morgan, John, M.D. By Benjamin Rush, M.D. (Introductory lecture 
 delivered Nov. 2, 1789.) The Phi/ad. Journ. of the Med. and Phys. Sc, 
 vol. i., 1820. 
 
 Anon. Biographia Americana, New York, 1825. 
 
 Anon. North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journ., vol. iv., 1827. Thacher's 
 Amer. Med. Biogr. 
 
 By George W. Norris, M.D. The Early History of Medicine in Philadel- 
 phia. Philad., 1886. 
 
 Morris, Caspar, M.D. By J. Chester Morris, M.D. Eead before the Col- 
 lege Nov. 2, 1887. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. x., 3d Series. 
 
 Morton, Samuel George, M.D. By George B. Wood. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 
 Philad., vol. i.. New Series, 1850-53. 
 By Sauford B. Hunt, M.D. A.mer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D., 
 
 1861. 
 Anon. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. 
 By William E,. Grant, M.D. Introductory Lecture. 
 By C. D. Meigs, M.D. Proc. Acad. Nat^Sc. Philad., 1851. 
 
 MussEY, E. D., M.D. Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 18, 1867. 
 
 Mutter, Thomas Dent, M.D. By J. Pancoast, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State 
 of Pa., New Series, Part V., 1860. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Phila- 
 delphians. 
 
 Nebinger, Andrew, M.D. By J. H. Grove, M.D. Eead before the Philad. 
 Co. Med. Soc, May 11, 1887. Pamphlet, with portrait, Philad., 1887. 
 
 Neill, Henry, M.D. By J. M. Paul, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. 
 2, 1846-49. 
 Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 3, 1850. 
 
 Neill, John, M.D. By Edward Shippen, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. iv., 3d Series, 1881. 
 By D. G. Brinton, M.D. Proc Amer. Pliilos. Soc, vol. xix., 1880. 
 
 Norris, George W., M.D. By William Hunt, M.D. Trajis. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. ii., 3d Series, 1876. 
 
 Otto, John C, M.D. By Isaac Parrish, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. i., 1841-46. 
 Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 3, 1850. Simpson's Lives of 
 Eminru t Ph iladelph ians. 
 
 Parke, Thomas, M.D. By Joseph Parrish, M.D. Eead before the Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., June 7, 1836. MS. Biographical Memoirs. Libr. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad. F. 909.
 
 300 APPENDIX. 
 
 Parker, WiLLARD, M.D. Anon. Me(V and Surg. Reporter Philad.,\o\.bO, . 
 May 3, 1884. 
 
 Parrish, Isaac, M.D. By Samuel Jackson, M.D., of Northumberland. 
 Trans. Coll. Phyx. Phi/ad., vol. i.. New Series, 1850-53. Simpson's 
 Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. 
 
 Parrish, Joseph, M.D. By George B.Wood, M.D. Read May 4, 1841. 
 
 MS. Biographical Memoirs. Libr. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. 
 By George B. Wood, M.D. Philad. Med. Soc. Pamphlet, 1840. 
 Williams's Amer. Med. Biography, 1846. Amer. Journ. of the Med. Sc, 
 
 vol. xxvi. 
 
 Parry, John S., M.D. By James V. Ingham, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. ii., 3d Series, 1876. 
 
 Patterson, Henry S., M.D. Anon. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadel- 
 phians — with portrait. 
 
 Paul, John Marshall, M.D. By Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. Navy. 
 Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. 
 
 Paul, John Rodman, M.D. By S. Littell, M.D. Traw^. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. iv., 3d Series, 1879. 
 
 Peace, Joseph, M.D. By George Fox, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 
 vol. i., 1841-46. 
 Pennock, C. W., M.D. By Wm. W. Gerhard, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad.,.\o\. iv., New Series, 1863-74. 
 By C. C. Cox, M.D., LL.D., Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870. 
 
 Pepper, William, M.D. By Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D. Trans. Coll. 
 
 Phys. Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-74. 
 By Augustine H. Fish, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 4th Series, 
 
 Part I., 1865. 
 Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 18, 1867. 
 
 Pereira, Jonathan, M.D. Anon. London Lancet, Feb. 1853. Medical 
 Examiner, March, 1853. 
 
 Randolph, Jacob, M.D. By George W. Norris, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 
 Philad., vol. 2, 1846-49. 
 By J. Aitkin Meigs, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 
 
 1861. 
 Anon. With portrait — Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. 
 
 Ray, Isaac, M.D., LL.D. By Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D. T-ans. Coll. 
 Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. 
 By Charles K. Mills, M.D. The Medico-Legal Journal, vol. v. New 
 York, 1887.
 
 APPENDIX. 301 
 
 Redman, John, M.D. Thaclier's Amer. Med. Biogr. 
 Anon. Biographia Americana. New York, 1825, 
 Anon. Medical 3Iuseum, vol. v., 1808. 
 
 Remington, Isaac, M.D. By Squire Littell, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 
 vol. iii., 1856-62. 
 By George Hamilton, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., Part II., 3d 
 
 Series, 1863. 
 By Christopher C. Cox, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 14, 1863. 
 
 Revere, John, M.D. By Valentine Mott, M.D. Pamphlet, 8vo. p. 40. 
 New York, 1847. 
 
 Anon. Medical Examiner, 1847. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 3, 1850. 
 
 Rhoads, Edward, M.D. By William Pepper, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. iv., New Series, 1863-74. 
 By Henry Hartshorue, M.D. Proc Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xii., 1871. 
 
 Ritchie, Thomas H., M.D. By John Marshall Paul, M.D. Read Sept. 
 5, 1837. MS. Biographical Sketches. Lib. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. 
 
 Rogers, Robert E., M.D. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Proc Amer. 
 Philos. Soc, vol. xxiii., 1885. 
 By J. W. Holland, M.D. Eulogy delivered at Jeflerson Med. Coll., 
 Sept. 30, 1885. Pamphlet. 
 
 RUAN, Dr. John. By Henry Bond, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., 
 1841-46. 
 
 Rush, Benjamin, M.D. Life of. Anon. Delaplaine's Repository of the 
 
 Lives and Portraits of Distinguished Americans, vol. i., Part II., 1816. 
 
 [Written by Dr. Charles Caldwell, see his Autobiograi^hy.] 
 Anon. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Chalmer's Biography. Ree's 
 
 Cyclopedia. Neio England Med. Journ. Amer. Med. and Philos. 
 
 Register, New York, vol. iv., 1814. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Phila- 
 
 delphians. 
 Anon. Biographia Americana. New York, 1825. Portfolio, Oct. 1813. 
 
 Eclectic Repertory, vol. 3, July, 1813. 
 By David Hosack, M.D. Pamphlet. New York, 1818. Philad. Journ. 
 
 Med. and Phys. Science, vol. 7, 1823. 
 By David Ramsey, M.D. Pamphlet. 
 By Rev. William Staughton. Pamphlet. Philad., 1813. 
 By Samuel Jackson, M.D. (of Northumberland). Amer. Med. Biogr. 
 
 By S. D. Gross, M.D. Philad., 1861. 
 By Samuel L. Mitchell, M.D. Read before Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y., 
 
 June, 1814.
 
 802 APPENDIX. 
 
 By Charles K. ]Mills, M.D. " Benjamiu Rush and American Psychia- 
 try." Medico-Legal Journal, Xew York, 1886. 
 
 The biographical notices of Dr. Benjamin Rush wear the form of eulogy. 
 They lack detail and preciseness. Such records are not sufficient to enable 
 the present generation to estimate fairly the qualities or limits of his merit, 
 or determine to what features of his character his renown is to be ascribed. 
 A life of Dr. Rush, with his correspondence and extracts from his diary, 
 written in a purely judicial spirit would be very instructive. Materials for 
 it may be found in the Ridgway branch of the Philadelphia Library. 
 
 Sheppard, Frederick C, M.D. Anon. Tram. Med. Soc. State of Fa., vol. 
 xvii., 1885. 
 
 Shipped, William, M.D. By Caspar Wistar, M.D., 1809. Philad. Joum. 
 3Ied. and Physical Sc, vol. 5, 1822. Pamphlet, 1818. 
 
 Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Extracts from eulogy on, by Dr. Cald- 
 well, 1808. The Portfolio, 1813. 
 
 Anon. Biographia Americana. New York, 1825. 
 
 By William E. Horner, ^NI.D. Introductory Lecture to his course on Anatomy, 
 Univ. Pa., Nov. 7, 1841. 
 
 By George AV. Xorris, M.D. The Early History of Medicine in Phila- 
 delphia. Philad., 1886. 
 
 Smith, Albert H., M.D. By Harrison Allen, M.D. Read Dec. 3, 1886. 
 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxiii., 1886. 
 By James Tyson, M.D. Read Feb. 2, 1887. Trans. Coll. Phijs. Philad., 
 3d Series, vol. ix. 
 
 Smith, Francis Gurney, M.D. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. 
 Assoc, vol. 29, 1878. 
 By Charles B. Nancrede, M.D. Tram. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xii., 
 1878. 
 
 Smith, Nathan Ryno, M.D. By N. S. Lincoln, M.D. Tram. Med. Assoc, 
 vol. 29, 1878. 
 
 Smyth, Francis Garden, M.D. By Edward J. Nolan, M.D. Tram. Med. 
 Soc State of Pa., vol. xiii., 1880. 
 
 Stephens, Alexander H., M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. 
 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, \o\. 21, 1870. 
 
 Stewardson, Thomas, M.D. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Ti-am. 
 Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. vii.j 3d Series, 1884.
 
 APPENDIX. 303. 
 
 Stille, Albert Owen, M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D. Trans. Amer. 
 Med. Assoc, vol. 14, 1863. 
 
 Stille, Moretoit, M.D. By Dr. Samuel L. Hollingsworth. Trans. Coll. 
 Fhys. Philad., vol. iii., New Series, 1856-62. Also, in Amer. Med. 
 Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. 
 By Francis Wharton, Esq. Preface to their joint work on Medical 
 Jurisprudence, transcribed into the Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 2d 
 Series, Part I., 1857. Also, by David Burpee, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. 
 State of Pa., Part II., 3d Series, 1863. 
 
 Thomas, Robert P., M.D. By Henry Hartshorne, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. iv., New Series, 1863-74. 
 Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 18, 1867. 
 
 Tilton, James, M.D. By L. P. Bush, A.M., M.D. Gaillard's Med. Journ.,. 
 Feb. 1866. Also, in pamph. " The Delaware State Med. Soc. and its 
 Founders in the Eighteenth Century," New York, 1866. 
 By A. McLaue, M.D., and James Mease, M.D. Thacher's Ainer. Med. 
 Biogr. 
 
 Tucker, David H., M.D. By J. D. Jackson, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med._ 
 Assoc, vol. 23, 1872. 
 
 Turnpenny, Frederick, M.D. By Isaac Parrish, M.D. Read Sept. 1, 
 1840. MS. Biographical Sketches. Lib. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. 
 
 TuTT, Charles P., M.D. By W. Lehman Wells, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-74. 
 By J. Henry Smaltz. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., 4th Series, Part II., 
 1866. 
 
 Wallace, Ellerslie, M.D. Anon. Med. and Surg. Reporter Philad., 
 March 14, 1885. 
 
 Wallace, Joshua M., M.D. By F. G. Smith, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. i., New Series, 1850-53. 
 
 Warren, John C, M.D. By Edward Warren, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. 
 By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. Appleton's New Amer. Encyclop. 
 
 Way, Nicholas, M.D. By L. P. Bush, A.M., M.D. Gaillard's Med. Journ., 
 Feb. 1866. Also, in pamph. " The Delaware State Med. Soc. and its 
 Founders in the Eighteenth Century," New York, 1866. 
 
 Wellford, Beverly Randolph. By John D. Jackson, M.D. Trans. Amer. 
 Med. Assoc, vol. 24, 1873.
 
 304 APPENDIX. 
 
 West, Francis, M.D, By Squire Littell, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 
 vol. iv., New Series, 1863-74. 
 By Christopher C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 
 1870. 
 
 Wilson, William B., M.D. By Isaac Parrish, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. i.. New Series, 1850-53. 
 
 WiLTBANK, John, M.D. Anon. Tram. Med. Soc. ta of Pa., Part I., 3d 
 Series, 1862. 
 
 WiSTAR, Caspar, M.D. By William Tilghman, C.J., Pa. Trans. Amer. 
 
 Philos. Soc, 1818 ; also, with portrait, in Simpson's Live-i of Eminent 
 
 Philadelphians. 
 By Dr. Charles Caldwell. Philad. Med. Soc 
 
 By David Hosack, M.D. Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. i., 1818. Pamphlet. 
 Eee's Cijclopedia. North American JRevieio. 
 
 By Caspar Morris, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. 
 Biographia Americana, New York, 1825. 
 By William E. Horner, M.D. Introductory Lecture to his course on Anat., 
 
 Univ. Pa., Nov. 1831. . 
 
 Anon. Trans Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 19, 1868. 
 
 Wood, George B., M.D., LL.D. By S. Littell, M.D. Trans, ('oil. Phys. 
 
 Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, Oct. 1881. 
 By Henry Hartshorne, M.D. Read Oct. 11, 1880, before the Amer. 
 
 Philos. Soc. Proc Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xix., 1880. 
 By W. S. W. E. Amer. Journ. Med. Sc Oct. 1879. 
 By John H. Packard, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 30, 1879. 
 By John H. Packard, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xii., 1879. 
 
 Yardley, Thomas H., M.D. By Squire Littell, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. 
 Philad., vol. iii., 1856-62, p. 276.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A BOLITION Society, 1 
 J\. Academy, the, 4, 5 
 Academy of Medicine, 85 
 Address, first President's, 19, 21 
 
 inaugural, President's, 179 
 
 of thanks, President's, 187 
 American Philosophical Society, 3, 4 
 
 Medical Society, 15 
 
 Society for Promoting Useful 
 Knowledge, 3 
 Anatomical Hall, 7 
 Anatomy, first teaching of, in the U. S.. 
 
 note, 12 
 Anniversary, centennial, 171, 173 
 Annual contribution, 74, 141, 142 
 Apothecaries, early, 13 
 Appendix, 175 
 Apprentices, medical, 11 
 Atheneum, 139 
 Attendance at meetings, 83, 84 
 
 BAKD, JOHN, note, 12 
 Baths, public, com. on, 23 
 Betton, Thomas F., gift to library, 164 
 Biographical notices, list of, 292 
 Board of Health, 69, 77, 82, 83, 91, 130. 
 
 137 
 Boston benefit societies, 2 
 Botanic garden, 23 
 
 Broadbelt, Francis E., to Dr. Rush, 17 
 Bridges, llobert, 149 
 British medical schools, 16 
 Building fund, 141, 154, 155, 158, 189 
 
 first contributors to, 190 
 Building a hall, 140 
 
 final report on, 157 
 By-laws, 42, 99, 131, 138, 141, 161 
 
 nADWALADEK, THOMAS, lec- 
 
 \j tuies on anatomy, 12 
 
 Calculi, urinary, 149 
 
 Caldwell, Charles, 81 
 
 Cancer powder, Martin's, 14 
 
 Candles, charge for, 127 
 
 Carson. John, notice of, 68 
 
 Censors, list of, 193 
 
 Centennial anniversary, 171, 173 
 
 Charlatans, 13, 14 
 
 Chemical Society, 84 
 
 Children, diseases of, committees on, 
 
 199 
 Childs, George W., gift of, 159 
 Cholera, 130 
 
 Chovet, Abraham, notice of, 44 
 City Councils, 118, 119 
 Clarkson, Gerardus, notice of, 43 
 
 verses on the death of, 184 
 Clarkson, William, notice of, 54 
 Coleman, on importation of fever, 82, 83 
 College of Philadelphia, 5-9, 23, 24 
 College of Physicians, first record, 19 
 senior and junior Fellows, 19, 
 
 177 
 list of the first oflicers, 20 
 President's inaugural address, 
 
 179 
 time of meeting, 22 
 seal of, 22 
 Commencement, medical, the first, 7 
 Committees, standing, lists of, 195-200 
 Committee on meteorology and epi- 
 demics, 22, 199 
 on Mutter's proposed museum, 144 
 Constitution, signed, 19 
 amendments to, 24, 54 
 new form offered, 23 
 Constitution of the College, 175 
 Contributors to building fund, 190 
 Contributions, annual, 23, 49, 74, 100, 
 131, 141 
 exemption from, 142 
 Councillors, list of, 194 
 Cullen, William, eulogium on, 42 
 Curators, list of, 195 
 Currie, William, and Dr. Hutchinson, 64 
 notice of, 127 
 
 DA COSTA, J. M., 158,161 
 Dates, memorable, 189 
 Delegates to American Medical Asso- 
 ciation, 202 
 
 20
 
 306 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Delegates to Centennial Medical Com- 
 mission and International Medi- 
 cal Congress, 202 
 to Convention to revise the Phar- 
 macopoeia, 201 
 to Pennsylvania State Convention, 
 
 201 
 to International Convention at 
 
 Paris, 1867, 201 
 to Quarantine and Sanitary Con- 
 vention, 201 
 Directory for nurses, 169 
 
 committees on, 197 
 contributors to, 170 
 Diseases, introduction of, 25 
 Dispensatory of the U. S., 114 
 Distilled spirits, importation of, 44 
 Duffield, Samuel, 42, 94 
 
 ECLECTIC Eepertory, 87 
 Election, the city general, 82, 83 
 Entertainment fund, 171 
 Entertainments, committees on, 197 
 Entrance fee, 23, 49, 100, 118, 120, 181, 
 
 141 
 Exemption from contribution, 142 
 Expenditures, 141 
 
 FEE bill, 120, 136, 141 
 Fellow, to read at each meeting, 
 126 
 Fellows, list of, 100 
 
 number of, to limit, 127, 137 
 new list prepared, 130. 
 Fever, yellow, 55, 56, 57. 61, 62, 74, 
 75, 79, 82, 118 ' 
 notice of, by the College, 67 
 Governor Mifflin, letter from, 
 
 70, 76 
 proceedings of College on, 71, 
 72 
 Finance, committee on, 197 
 Fothergill head, si£;n of, 13 
 Founders, list of, 19, 20 
 Franklin, Benjamin, funeral, 42 
 
 G LENT WORTH, GEOEGE, notice 
 of, 53 
 Great Britain, medical intercourse with, 
 
 16 
 Griffitts, Samuel P., bled by Dr. Rush, 
 13 
 letter to Dr. Rush, 18 
 notice of, 124 
 
 HALL of the Amer. Philos. Soc, 
 room in, 49 
 Hull of the College, 141 
 Hall committees, list of, 197 
 Hall, James, letters to Dr. Rush, 16 
 Harris, Robert, 81, 232 
 Health, Board of, letter from, 74, 75, 
 78, 79 
 reorganization of, 80 
 Hospital for contagious diseases, 68 
 Humane Society, 1, 118 
 Hutchinson, James, notice of, 60 
 Hygiene, public, committees on, 198 
 
 TLLUMINATION, objected to, 25 
 1 Incorporation of the college, 24, 
 
 25 
 Infectious diseases, relative to, 26 
 International Medical Congress Trust, 
 202 
 
 TENKS, WILLIAM F., Prize Fund 
 tl Committee, 198 
 Jenner, Dr., 78 
 Jones, John, notice of, 49 
 Journal, Association, 169 
 Journal fund, 167 
 Junto Club, 2 
 
 KEARSLEY, JOHN, 10 
 arrest and death of, 47 
 Kuhn, Adam, hisaccountof Dr. Hutch- 
 inson, 62 
 notice of, 94 
 
 LABORATORY, the, 8 
 Leather Apron Club, 3 
 Lecturers, Mutter, 153 
 Lectures, committees on, 196 
 Leib, Michael, 53, 243 
 Le Mayeur transplants teeth, 13, 14 
 Lemon Hill, 138 
 Lettsom, John C, letters to Dr. Rush,. 
 
 18 
 Librarians, list of, 194 
 Library, Committees on, 195 
 
 Dr. Betton's gift to, 164 
 
 date of founding, 24 
 
 fund. Weir Mitchell's, 167 
 
 growth of, 161 
 
 Lewis, founded, 165 
 
 plan to form, 24 
 
 state of, in 1868, 167 
 in 1886, 168 
 
 Samuel D. Gross, 168
 
 INDEX. 
 
 307 
 
 Library, obstetrical, 168 
 Ord, 165 
 Parry, 168 
 
 Philad. Med. Society's, 163 
 Isaac Remington's gift to, 164 
 George B. Wood's gift to, 165 
 
 Loving cup, 171 
 
 Lyceum, Medical, 87 
 
 Lyons, James, letter to Dr. Rush, 17 
 
 MARTIN, HUGH, cancer powder, 14 
 Materia Medica, Committees on, 
 199 
 Medical commencement, the first, 7 
 Medical Hall Association, 140 
 Lyceum, 87 
 
 practitioners, number of, 1788, 18 
 Society, the American, 15 
 
 the Philadelphia, note, 15 
 school, the first in the U. S., 1, 6 
 Medicine, theory and practice of, com- 
 mittees on, 198 
 Meetings, average attendance at, 83 
 place of, 22, 49, 141 
 of the college, time of, 19, 22 55, 
 127, 142 
 Memorial of the college to the Legisla- 
 ture, relative to a health 
 ofllce, 73 
 relative to introduction of 
 
 diseases, 79 
 relative to temperance, 183 
 to Governor Shultz, relative to 
 
 insane murderer, 121 
 to Congress of the U. S , rela- 
 tive to restricting the use of 
 spirits, 186 
 Memorable dates of the college, 189 
 Mercantile Library Co. 's room, 141 
 Meteorology and epidemics, commit- 
 tees on, 22, 199 
 Midwifery, committees on, 199 
 Mifllin, Thomas, letters from, 57, 59, 76 
 Mitchell, Samuel L., 109, 113 
 Mitchell, S. Weir, journal fund, 167 
 Morgan, John, letter to Dr. Cullen, 32 
 institution of medical schools, 
 
 34 
 Dr. Rush's error relative to, 31, 
 
 38 
 visit to Morgagni, 28 
 portrait of, 42 
 notice of, 26 
 burial place of, 42 
 Morris, John, notice of, 66 
 Murderer, insane, 121 
 
 Museum, pathological, 141, 142, 148 
 
 committees on, 196 
 Miitter fund, 149 
 
 applicable to building, 150 
 
 to purchase of books, 149 
 in court, 151 
 lectureship, 152 
 
 Thomas D., proposition to found a 
 museum, 143, 146 
 
 NATIONAL Medical Convention of 
 184'5, 189 
 Notice of John Carson, 68 
 of Abraham Chovet, 44 
 of Gerardus Clarkson, 42 
 of William Clarkson, 54 
 of William Currie, 127 
 of George Glentworth, 53 
 of S. P.^Griffitts, 124 
 of James Hutchinson, 60 
 of John Jones, 49 
 of Adam Kuhn, 94 
 of John Morgan, 26 
 of Thomas Parke, 132 
 of John Redman, 88 
 of Benjamin Rush, 92 
 of Caspar Wistar, 97 
 of Thomas Wynne, 10 
 of Lloyd Zachary, 11 
 
 OFFICERS of the College, 20 
 Ord, George, library of, 165 
 Owen, Griffith, 10 
 
 PAPERS, selection of, for publication, 
 81,94 
 Parke, Thomas, notice of, 132 
 Parry library, 168 
 Pharmacopoeia, 24, 25, 101 
 
 American, of 1830, 114 
 
 Convention in New York, 1830, 113 
 
 National Convention of 1820, 106 
 
 report of committee on, 107 
 
 revision bv the college, in 1821, 108 
 in 1830, 110 
 
 to bring into general use, 129 
 
 United States'; of 1830, 114 
 Philadelphia Coll. of Pharmacy, 123,129 
 
 dispensary, 1, 8 
 
 Library Company, 1, 3 
 
 Medical Society, 15 
 
 gift from, 167 
 
 population of, in 1785, 10 
 
 physicians of, 8 
 Physicians of Humane Society, 1 
 
 early, in Philadelphia, 10
 
 308 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Physicians, number of, 1785, 18 
 Picture house. Pa. Hosp., 142 
 Practice of medicine, regulation of, 67 
 Prescriptions, royalty on, 123 
 Presidents, list of, 192 
 Preston retreat, 136 
 Prize fund, W. F. Jenks, 198 
 Proceedings of the College published, 71 
 in the Transactions, 141 
 Public squares, 137 
 Publication, committees on, 196 
 
 of papers, 81, 82, 137 
 Publications of the college, 159 
 
 QUAKANTINE of vessels, 68 
 Quorum, 24 
 
 RECORDERS, list of, 195 
 Redman, John, inaugural address 
 of, 179 
 his MS. on yellow fever, 165 
 his note book, 167 
 notice of, 88 
 
 thanks for reelection, 187 
 toast of, 88 
 Remington, Isaac, gift to librar}', 164 
 Rent, 78, 84, 94, 120, 140, 141 
 Report on Dr. Mutter's proposition, 144 
 
 final, of building co nmittee, 157 
 Revision of the Pharmacopoeia, 110, 
 
 115, 117 
 Rodgers, John, letter to Dr. Rush, 17 
 
 John R. B., letter to Dr. Rush, 17 
 Roll of Felluw-s 207 
 Rush, Benjamin, Caldwell's account of, 
 58 
 eulogium on Dr. CiiUen, 16 
 imported drug', 13 
 mercury, use of, 57 
 notice of, 92 
 resignation of, 58 
 ten and ten, 13 
 
 SEAL of the College, 22 
 Secretaries, list of, 193 
 Sharpless, John T., case of, 139 
 
 Shippen, William, the elder, if 
 Shippen, William, Jr., lectures on 
 anatomy, 40 
 
 advertisement of lectures, 40 
 
 notice of, 90 
 Societies' building, 139 
 Standing committee.- instituted, 131,137 
 Stuber, Henry, 15 
 
 lines on the death of, 186 
 Surgery, committees on, 198 
 
 TEMPERANCE, 23, 183, 186 
 Toast, John Redman's, 88 
 Togno, Joseph, case of, 134 
 Transactions of the college, printing of, 
 52, 55, 56, 117 
 publication of, 160 
 Transplanting teeth, 14 
 Treasurers, list otV194 
 Trust, International Medical Congress, 
 202 
 
 UNIVERSITY of the State of Penn- 
 sylvania, 8 
 of Pennsylvania, 9 
 
 V 
 
 ICE-PRESIDENTS, list of, 192 
 
 TT7EIR MITCHELL library fund, 
 
 Wistar, Caspar, notice of, 97 
 
 lines on the death of, 99 
 AVistar party, 99 
 
 Women, diseases of, committees on, 199 
 Wood, George B., gift to the library, 
 165, 167 
 gift to the building fund, 190, 
 191 
 Wynne, Thomas, 10 
 
 ZACHARY, LLOYD, 11 
 Zimmerman, John, case of, 121
 
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