THB SCHOOL IvAW OF ONTARIO im THE SCHOOL LAW OF ONTARIO: COMPRISING THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ACT, 1891 ; THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ACT, 1891 ; THE ACT RESPECTING TRU- ANCY AND COMPULSORY SCHOOL ATTEND ANCE; THE HIGH SCHOOLS ACT, 1891, AND THE AMENDING ACTS OF 1H92 AND 1893 ; WITH NOTES OF CASES BEARING THEREON, THE REGULA- TIONS OF THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, FORMS, ETC. BY WILLIAM BARCLAY McMURRICH, M.A. One 0/ Hey Majesty's Counsel AND HENRY NEWBOLT ROBERTS 0/ Osgood e Hal/, Barrister-at-Law Toronto : THK (lOODWIN LAW BOOK AND PUBLISHING COMPANY (LIMITED) 1894 1394- Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four by William Barclay McMurrich, M.A., Q.C., and Henry Newbolt Roberts, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. d^^j^y ^^r^.liXu f ToruDtu : Hie J. H. Uryuit Cuinpany il.ul. i TO The honorable GEORGE W. ROSS, LL.D. MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO IN RECOGNITION OF HIS LONG CONNECTION WITH, AND ZEAL IN, EDUCATIONAL MATTERS, HIS EXECUTIVE ABILITY AND STATESMANSHIP IN THE CONDUCT OF HIS DEPARTMENT THIS WORK IS, WITH HIS PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BRRAXA. Page 34. Thirteenth line from bottom, for s. 197 read s. 191. " 144. Fourth and fifth Hnes from bottom, for Sutherland v. East Missouri read Sutherland v. East Nissouri. " 207. Ninth line from bottom, for s. 81 (3) read s. 82 (3). " 220. Second line from top, for D.R., s. 6, s-s. 16 read D.R , s. 7, s-s. 16. " 237. Third line from top, for s. 40(2) read s. 40(13). " 393. After fourth line from bottom insert 1'he Provincial School of Pedagogy. preface:. There are but few persons who are not interested more or less in the law relating to the school system of the Province of Ontario, and quite a large number whose position as members or officers of School Boards, inspectors, or teachers, necessitates constant reference by them to the statutes under which the system is carried on. The duties imposed by statute both upon trustees and teachers are so varied, and the provisions regulating the same scattered through so many Acts, that the want has for some time been felt of a work that would bring all the provisions of the various statutes into proper relations the one with the other ; and taking advantage of the recent consolidation of the Public Schools Act, the editors have endeavored to supply this want in a manner which they trust will prove of practical use to the Profession, and a helpful facility to school trustees, officers, inspectors, and teachers, in enabling them to perform their duties and obligations in the manner provided by law. The Regulations of the Education Department having, under The Education Department Act, 1891, the force of law, special attention has been given, and care taken, to have them revised to date of publication, and their correctness is assured from the fact of the proof sheets having received their final revision at the hands of The Honorable the Minister of Education. viii. Preface. An Appciuljx provides nil the forms required under the several Acts, and a set of By-Laws has been introduced to enable School Boards throughout the Province to adopt the same, or such part thereof as may be of use in the carrying out of their work. They are modelled after those of the Toronto Public School Board, which have lately been thoroughly revised, and have been found of great practical value by that Board. The Index is a feature of the work which it is hoped will be fully appreciated. It has been made thoroughly exhaustive, and covers, it is hoped, every head arising under, or bearing upon, the several statutes. The editors submit the result of their labors with great diffidence, aware that many defects ma}-, and not improbably will, be found in their work, but trusting that it will meet with indulgence, and perhaps favorable criticism, at the hands of those who use it. The editors feel under deep obligations to The Honorable the Minister of Education for undertaking the revision of the proof sheets, and for his many and valuable suggestions as to the work. They are also indebted to Dr. J. George Hodgins for his kindness in placing at their disposal his " Lectures on School Law." W. 15. McM. 0»«;42 KrtMUenac r. Bredcn. 151. G isi r. Tobin, lO. • '. ft a/.. In /v 105. I. .v.. ;. Cirand Trunk Railway. i)i, 96. Crcat Wotcrn Railway :•. Hunt, 91. •• " 7'. l^deronte r/ ij/., 91. r.rccn r. Claydon, 12. (;n()ilhs V. Municipality ol c;rantham, 103. Gntdalc r. Boulton, 91. (iudph V. Canada Company, 5-v H Haackc r. The Municipality of Markhani, 25, lor, 102. Hall V. Hinds, AV, 90. Hilpin r. Calder, no. 1 ' '• n f. Wilson, 91. ) 'smith and C'ity Railwav Co. v. Brand, J2. 1 , .ton r. Kdison, 91. Harding r. Township of (.'ardiff, 122. Hardwirk r. Brown, 229. Hartley and Kmily, In rt. 13^. r - f. The Municipal ('ounciis ui Huron, Perth, and Bruce, 169. i :•. Washington County, 135. i ("arty, 74. i and Napanec, Tamworth, and (^)uebec Railway Co., 91. n f. I^awson, 91. f. The Munici|>alily of Tccuinseth, 102. !iool 'I'rustccs of Camden and Zone, /;/ ;<, 23, 56. » :. liarrison, 1 75. I r-. The Municipal Conmils of York and Peel, and of ■jri.,. laj. ;v. In tt, 160. Table of Cases Cited. xv. Holt et al. V. The Corporation of the Township of Medonte et al., loi, 102. Hopkins v. Provincial Insurance Co., 16. Howes 7). Peirce, 129. Hutchison and The School Trustees of St. Catharines, /;/ re, 22, 23, 57. I Irwin V. Elnon, 90. Isaac and the Municipality of Euphrasia, 103, 105. J Jekyll V. Wade, 91. Johnson v. Anglin, 90. " V. The Trustees of Public School Section No. i in the Town- ship of Howard, 94. Joice, In re, 18S. Joint Board of Grammar and Common School Trustees of the Village of Caledonia v. Farrell, 174. K Keith V. Fenelon Falls Union School Section et al., 39, 175. Kemp V. Henderson, 91. Kennedy v. Burness, 232. V. Hall, 232. Kinnear and Haldimand, Ifi re, i 2. Klinkever v. School District, 52. Knowlsen v. Inglis, In re, 91. Lambiere v. The School Trustees of Section No. 3, South Cayuga, 44, 189. Lamont v. The School Trustees of Section No. 3, Aldborough, 230. Lawrie v. Rathbun, 12. Lawson and Hutchinson, In re, 91. Leddingham and the Corporation of the Township of Bentinck, 122. Lee V. The Public School Board of the City of Toronto, 229. Lewis V. Brady, 75, 76, 176. Ley and the Municipality of Clarke, In re, 103. Lion, The, 13. Lockwood V. Mechanics' National Bank, 144. \ Table of Cases Cited. I La<;an r. Earl Courtown, 13. ( J. rt r. IC^, 144- , r .ir 1 f! l».Hiu... Chaiham. and Dover Railway Co. v. Board of Works of */ ' h. 14. If- .... IJoard v. Duggan, 244. | L. „ r I.iitlcdale, 107. { M j McA'pinc and the Township of Euphrasia, In re, 122. .X' r. Gardham, 75. y. :\ and the Board of Public School Trustees of Section 8, Tuwnship of Brant, 58, 180. y .-k and the Township of Colchester South, In re, 164. N' en r. San Francisco, 144. M ■ h r. White, 92, 212. McDougall r. McMillan, 16. Mdireeor v. Pratt, 105. White, 74. Mccraan, 14. Table of Cases Cited. xvii. Minister Crook's Decision, 55. " of Education, In re Mclntyre v. Public School Trustees of Section 8 in the Township of Blanchard, 58, t8o. Mitchell V. Foster, 129. Moffatt V. Board of Education of Carleton Place, 20. Monaghan v. Ferguson, 53. Montgomery v. Graham, 192. Morgan v. Mather, 107. Mottashed and the Corporation of the County of Prince Edward, 123. Munson v. Municipality of Collingwood, 62, 173, N Ness and the Municipality of Saltfleet, In ;r, 103, 105. Newberry v. Stephens, 75, 76. Niagara High School Board and the Corporation of Niagara, In re, 12, 256, 287. Niagara School Board, The, 12, 256, Nichol and Alnwick, In re, 164. Norton v. Salsbury, 129. o Oakland v. Proper, 175. Oakwood and the Township of Mariposa, In re, 256, 287. O'Flaherty v. McDowell, 14. Oliver v. The Union Board of School Trustees of Ingersoll, 20. Orr V. Ramsey, 86. P Pardee v. Lloyd, 91. Patterson and the Corporation of the Township of Hope, 102. Pennsylvania District Election, 135. People V. Brenham, 135. " V. Fairbury, 135. Petition of Minister of Education, /;/ re, 109. Pickering v. James, 136. Piemental v. San Francisco, 144. Phillpot V. St. George's Hospital, 13. Price V. Railway Company, 144. Proper and the Corporation of the Township of Oakland, 106. Public School Board of the Township of Tuckersmith, Re, 84. TVIlt. Table of Cases Cited. Trustees of Section 9, Nottawasaga, and the Corporation o^ihc |o»nship of Nottawasaga, 168, 169. Q ;ie, 343, 24&. r. I it .--i iiool Trustees, 1S8. R lUbtAn r. Hjc School Trustees of the Township of Thurlow, 53. - r/ a/., 232. .1 Trustees of the \'illage of Cardinal, 189, 195. ...J,.... . icon of Che^t.r, r^i. •• r jse, 136. i. 130. '35- l»er, 131. an, 130, 137. ric, 12. •dsworth, 140. r Franklin, 228. tin, 318. r. Hail. 13. V.V 182 r. MaiiMw L'nion, 14. \f .v.,! of Hereford, 229. <"urr)', 17. School Trustees of School Section No. 27, Tyendinaga, 232. ire, 129. r. S|uuidin^, 140. V' 1 on, 140. r. V,.,,,,, , jj. f». Whiir- .'- f.t rtl ,n V. IJoyd, 1 ^7. Allcnaing r. Zoeger, 135, 136. Armour v. Cosic, 228. >d V. Figg, 228, Smith, 229. "11 tj. Bcckwiih, 192. Table of Cases Cited. xix. Regina exrel. Coleman v. O'Hare, 228. " Corbett v. Jull, 128, 130, 135, 136, 137. " " Davis V. Carruthers, 228. " " " V. Wilson, 131. " " Dillon V. McNeil, 140. " " Evans v. Starratt, 144. " " Ferris v. Her, 228. " Ford V. McRae, 228. " " Forward v. Bartels, 140. " " Fluett V. Gauthier, 228. " " Gibbs V. Branigan, 131. " " Gordanier v. Vtvxy et a/., 140. " " Harrer v. Roberts, 228. " Hill V. Betts, 228. " " Home V. Clarke, 130, 137. " " Kirk V. Aseltine, 131. " " Lutz V. Williamson, 228. " " McLean v. Watson, 228, " " McMuUen v. De Lisle, 228. " " McVean v. Graham, 192. " " Moore v. Miller, 228. " " Patterson v. Clarke, 228. " " Piddington v. Riddell, 228. " " Preston v. Preston, 135. " " Rollo V. Beard, 228. " " Smith V. Blouse, 131. " " Stewart v. Standish, 229. Renaud, Ex parte, 2, 3. Rex V. Bellringer, 144. " V. Miller, 144. " V. Smith, 229. Richmond v. Front of Leeds and Lansdowne, 19. Robinet v. Pickering, 256. Robins v. Carsons, 222. Robinson, Ex parte, 128, 135. Roman Catholic School of Belleville v. Grainger, Re, 3, 19. Royse v. Birkley, 228. Ruthven v. Ruthven, 90. Ryland v. King et al., 91. XX. Table of Cases Cited. S f. Town of Port Hope, 60. of Brockville r. Town of Brockville, 61, 148. of the City of Toronto r. The Corporation of the City of Toronto, 62. •• of Mount Forest and the Corporation of Mount Forest, In re, 61. and the Municipality of Collingwood, In re, 61. Township of Hamilton v. Neil, 43. • Section No. 6 in the Township of South Fredericks- burg and the Corporation of the Township of South Fredericksburg, 60, 61. n>\ Trustees of liurgess and Bathurst, 53, 105. ^ of Union School Section No. i in Burgess, and No. 2 ;n tuu;u;ii, 51. '^ ' ' * 'n Investment Co. v. Elora, 164. th. 175. I'ruslees of Belleville 7: Grainger, 3, 19. Shari>c r ! »awes, 128. 135. -■/'. and the Corporation of the Township of Manvers, 103. -. . .i.i^ii^r, /// re, 26. ^ and the rnri>,,r:.f;,,n of the Township of Chatham, /;/ re, as, 101, re. Smnh r Ikll, 13. .c Ciiy of Toronto, /// re, 123. vood, 173. : 1 c «,uri)oration of the City of Toronto, 177. Irustcesof Belleville, 146. « r- Hare <-/ r ' c 74. t, £x />ar/f, 14. ifj, 02. ■ ii ,.j..nson, 13. Table of Cases Cited. xxi. Stewart and the Trustees of School Section 8 in the Township of Sandwich East, In re, 23, 57. Sussex Peerage Case, 13. Sutherland v. East Missouri, 144. Sutton V. Sutton, 12. Swanton v. GooXd et uL, 14. Taber and the Corporation of the Township of Scarborough, In re, 87, 102. Taylor v. The Corporation of Oldham, 14. " V. and the Corporation of the Township of West Williams, 122. Terry v. The Municipality of the Township of Haldimand, 122. Tiernan and the Municipality of Nepean, In re, 46. Tittensen v. Peat, 107. Todd V. Perry, 175. Toder v. Sansum, 140. Town of Welland v. Brown, 73. Tracey v. Hodgest, 89. Trustees of Port Rowan High School and the Corporation of the Town- ship of Walsingham, In re The, 271, 282. " for School Section No. 24 of the Township of Burford v. The Township of Burford, 26. " for School Section No. 7 in the Township of Stephen v. Mitchell, 43. " of School Section No. 6, Township of York v. Hunter et ah, 72. " of Section 2, Township of Moore v. McRae, In re, 28, 103, 105. " of Union School Sections Nos. 11 Otonabee, 10 Douro, and II Asphodel v. Casement, In re, 161. " of Weston Grammar School and the Counties of York and Peel, 282. Tyrell and the Corporation of the County of York, Re William, 259. V Van Buren v. Bull et al., 232. Vance v. King et al., 91, 92. Van Egmond v. Jones, 91. Vanvactor v. State, 318. Village of Weston v. Conron, 73. xxii. Table of Cases Cited. W Wallace tt al v. The Board of Public School Trustees for Union School Section No. 9 of the Township of Lobo et al, 86, loi. Ward r. Dean, 90. Washington v. The Trustees of School Section No. 14 in the Town- ship of Charlotteville, 56. Waters f. Daly, 91. Wclland (Town oQ v. Brown, 73. Welsh V. Leahy, 172. Weston (Village of) v. Conron, 73. Wexford Election, 131. Whitby r-. Flint, 175. " f. Harrison, 175. Whitely v. Mc.Mahon, 91. Wilhams V. Roblin, 91. " V. School Trustees of Plympton, 88. William Tyrell and the Corporation of the County of York, 259. Wilson and the Municipal Council of Elgin, 164. " r-. The Corporation of the County of Middlesex, 177. " f. Thompson, 64. Wiltshire v. .Marshall, 222. Wolvcrtt>n and the Township of North and South Grimsby, 260, 261. Wright V. The Trustees of School Section No. 3 in the Township of Stephen, 188, 190. Wyoming (Corporation of) and the Public School Board of Wyoming r. Bell, 52. Y Vuill, Re, 58. Calendar of Dates. JANUARY. Annual returns by Rural Public School Trustees to inspectors due, p. 64. By-laws establishing Township Boards take effect, pp. 77, 81. By-laws disestablishing Township Boards take effect, p. 83. By-laws for the establishment of, and withdrawal from, union of municipalities for High School purposes take effect, pp. 260, 261. Second term in Public and High Schools begins, pp. 219, 299. Names and addresses of Rural Public School Trustees and teachers to be sent to township clerk and inspector before this date, p. 63. Annual reports of Public School Trustees in cities, etc., to be sent to Education Department before this date, p. 151. Annual reports of Higli School Trustees to be sent to Educa- tion Department before this date, p. 274. Polls to be opened for election of Trustees in cities, etc., on first Wednesday, p. 130. First meetings of Boards of Trustees in townships, cities, etc., to be held on third Wednesday, p. 142. FEBRUARY. First meetings of Boards of Education and Boards of High School Trustees to be held on first Wednesday, pp. 142, 268. MARCH. County clerks to transmit to Minister of Education copy of minutes of council relating to school assessments and other educational matters, p. 162. xxiv. Calendar of Dates. Inspector's annual report to Minister of Education due, p. 205. Second term in High Schools ends on Thursday before Easter Sunday, p. ^99. Third term in High Schools begins on second Monday after Kaster Sunday, p. 200. AJ'RIL. 1. Return by clerks of counties, cities, and towns, to Minister of Education, showing population, due, p. 176. MA Y. I. l^si day for passing by-laws altering boundaries of school sections^ p. 104. legislative drant to be apportioned by Minister of Education^ p. 170. First Friday — Arbor Day, p. 418. JUNE. I. Appuiiuuiciii ui Examiners by Public and^ Separate School Trustees, to conduct High School Entrance Examination,. P- 293- 30. Second term in Public Schools ends, p. 219. Third term in High Schools ends, p. 299. Public School Trustees to report to IVuant Officers cases of truancy or expulsion, p. 249. Semi annual reports to Education Department by High School Trustees, due, p. 274. JULY. 1. Assessors to settle basis of taxation in union school sections before this date, p. I 20. U'gislativc (Irant payable by Provincial Treasurer to Municipal Treasurer, p. 171. Ijsi day for establishment of new High Schools by County Councils, J). 262. Calendar of Dates. xxv. Last day for discontinuance of High Schools by County Councils, p. 262. 15. Semi-annual returns to be sent by Rural School Trustees to inspector, p. 64. (But see s. 206, p. 236.) AUGUST. I. Notice of exemption of indigent persons from school rates, to be sent by Rural Public School Trustees to clerk of municipality, P- 59- Applications from Public and High School Trustees to Municipal Councils for assessments for school purposes, due, pp. 60, 150, 270. High School Trustees to certify to County Treasurer amount of fees collected from county pupils, p. 274. Applications by High School Trustees to Municipal Councils for assessments for permanent improvements, due, p. 287. First term of Public Schools in townships begins on third Monday, p. 219. First term of Public Schools in cities, towns, and incorporated villages, begins on last Monday, p. 219. First term of High Schools begins on last Monday, p. 298. OCTOBER. I. Notice by Public School Trustees in cities, etc., to Municipal Clerk, requiring election of trustees by ballot on same day as Municipal Elections, due, p. 133. DECEMBER. I. Last day for appointment of Auditors by Rural Public School Trustees, p. 45, Municipal Clerk to transmit to County Inspector statement showing whether or not any county rate for Public School purposes had been placed upon collector's roll against any Separate School supporter, p. 163. 14. County Grant payable to township treasurers, p. 171. xxvi. Calkndar of Dates. 15. Township Councils to pay to secretary -treasurer of Board of Public School Trustees school moneys levied and collected by them, p. 168. County Councils to pay to High School Treasurer the sums due by them for maintenance of High Schools, pp. 282, 286, 291. 22. First term of Public Schools ends, p. 219. First term of High Schools ends, p. 299. 25. Alteration of school boundaries in unorganized townships goes into o|>eration, p. 66. By laws and awards altering boundaries of school sections to take effect, pp. 104, 106, 107. Union, alteration, or dissolution of union school sections to go into operation, [>. i 14. 31. Semi-annual reports to be sent by Rural School Trustees to insjjector, p. 64. Public School Trustees in cities, etc., to publish .\uditors' Kc|>ort, p. 151. Public School Trustees to report to Truant Officers cases of truancy or e,\pulsion, p. 249. Semi-annual reports of High School Trustees to Department of Education due, p. 274. Public School Trustees in cities, etc., to fix places for nominations of trustees and name returning officers before second Wednes- day, p. 128. .\nnual meetings of Public School Trustees to be held on last NN'cdnesday, pp. 27, 128. Notice of formation of new school sections to be posted by town- ship clerk six days before last Wednesday, p. 35. THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ACT, 1891. ^^ Victoria, Chapter 5^. AN ACT CONSOLIDATING AND REVISING THE LAWS RESPECTING THE EDUCATION DE- PARTMENT. LJER MAJESTY, by and with the advice A A and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows : — The British North America Act, iS6y, gives the Province of Ontario power to make laws in relation to education, subject to certain provisions. Section 93 of that Act enacts as follows : — " In and for each Province the Legislature may exclusively make laws in relation to Education, sub- ject and according to the following provisions : — " "(i). Nothing in any such law shall prejudicially affect any right or privilege with respect to de- nominational schools which any class of persons have by law in the Province at the Union." The provisions of this sub-section protect those legal rights and privileges only which existed in each Province at the Union by virtue of positive legal enactment, and not privileges enjoyed under exceptional and accidental cir- cumstances. At the Union the law with respect to the 2 Edlcation Department Act. schools in the Province of New Brunswick was governed by the Parish School Act, under which no class of persons had any legal right or privilege with respect to denomina- tional schools, and a subsequent Act— 34 Vict., c. 21— pro- viding that the schools conducted thereunder should be non-sectarian, was therefore held to be valid. The con- stitutionality of the Act 34 Vict., c. 21, cannot be affected by any regulations of the Board of Education, made under its authority; and, semble, if the Board of Education have made any regulations which they ought not to have made, or have not made regulations which they should have made, the case falls within sub-section 4 of the B.N.A. Act. {Ex parte Renaud, i Pugs. 273.) "(2). All the powers, privileges, and duties at the Union by law conferred and imposed in Upper Canada on the separate schools and school trustees of the Queen's Roman Catholic subjects shall be and the same are hereby extended to the dissentient schools of the Queen's Protestant and Roman Catholic subjects in Quebec :" " (3)- ^Vhere in any Province a system of separate or dissentient schools exists by law at the Union, or is thereafter established by the Legisla- ture of the Province, an appeal shall lie to the Governor-General in Council from any Act or de- cision of any Provincial authority affecting any right or privilege of the Protestant or Roman Catholic minority of the Queen's subjects in rela- tion to Education." A Provincial Legislature may legislate in regard to separate schools, provided that the rights or privileges with rcsj>cct to denominational schools which any class of per- sons had by law in the Province at the time of Confedera- tion are not prejudicially affected by such legislation. The above sub-section gives an appeal in respect of those decisions alone which are legislative acts, or their equiva- lents, and not in respect of matters affecting merely the everyday detail of the working of a school. In election The Education Department. 3 matters separate schools have the same right of appeal to Sees. 1,2. a County Judge as public schools have. {Separate School Trustees of Belleville v. Grainger^ 25 Chy. 570.) " (4). In case any such Provincial law as from time to time seems to the Governor-General in Council requisite for the due execution of the pro- visions of this section is not made, or in case any decision of the Governor-General in Council on any appeal under this section is not duly executed by the proper Provincial authority in that behalf, then and in every such case, and as far only as the circumstances of each case require, the Parliament of Canada may make remedial laws for the due execution of the provisions of this section and of any decision of the Governor-General in Council under this section." See Ex parte Renaud, i Pugs. 273, cited above. 1. This Act may be cited as The Education shon tuie. Department Act, i8gi . 2. There shall continue to be a Department Department •■■ established. of Education, which shall consist of the Ex- ecutive Council, or a committee thereof, ap- pointed by the Lieutenant-Governor; and one of the said Executive Council, to be nominated by the Lieutenant-Governcr, shall hold the office of " Minister of Education." This Department was established in 1876 by Statute 39 Victoria, c. 16, s. i. Previous to that statute all matters regarding education were managed by the Council of Public Instruction, the head of which was the Chief Super- intendent of Education, whose functions and duties are now vested in the Minister of Education. Education Department Act. Sec^3- 3, There may be established, subject to the wtabHsVed^^ provisions of any statute in that behalf and to uonsVfTepart- thc regulatlons of the Education Department, the following classes of schools, viz. : — ment. Kindergarten (j). Kindergarten schools for pupils between schools. ^ ^ ... four and seven years of age in which mstruc- tion shall be given according to Kindergarten methods. See TAe Public Schools Act, i8gi, s. 107 {5) ; D.R., ss. 44 and 45. Public schools. (2). Public schools for pupils between five and twenty-one years of age in which instruc- tion shall be given in the elements of an English and commercial education. See The Public Schools Act, i8gi. Night schools. (3). Night schools for pupils over fourteen years of age who are unable to attend school during the usual school hours. See The Public Schools Act, i8gi, s. 107 (5); D.R., S. II. High schools iA\^ High schools and collegiate institutes and collegiate ^~' " <-> institutes. £qj. such pupils as pass the prescribed entrance examination, in which instruction shall be given in the higher branches of a practical English and commercial education, the natural sciences, mathematics, and the Greek, Latin, French, and German languages. See The High Schools Act, iSgi, 55 Vict., c. 57. Art schools. (^^_ ^j-j. schools for instructiou in mechani- Schools. 5 cal, industrial, and constructive drawing, and Sec. 3. other branches of a technical education. See The Act respecting Mechanics' Institutes and Art Schools, R.S.O., 1887, c. 173. (6). Countymodel schools for the training of ^°'^^' "'^°°''- candidates for teachers' third-class certificates. See The Public Schools Act, i8gi, s. 146; D.R., s. 47. (7). Normal schools for the training of can- Normal schools. didates for teachers' second-class certificates. See D.R., s. 57. (8). Schools of pedagogy for the training ofs=^°?|sfor candidates for teachers' first-class certificates, '®^*^^^'"^' and for the training of teachers of high schools and collegiate institutes. See D.R., ss. 63 and 64. (q). Teachers' institutes for the readins^ of Teachers' ^-'' o institutes. papers and the general discussion of educa- tional topics. See The Public Schools Act, iSgr, s. 147; D.R., s. 73. (10). Mechanics' institutes for the establish- Mechanics- institutes. ment of libraries, reading rooms, and evenmg classes for mechanics and artisans. See The Act respecting Mechanics' Institutes and Art Schools, R.S.O., 1887, s. 173. (11). Industrial schools for the instruction industrial schools. in industrial pursuits, with a special view to their moral reformation, of children whose habits render removal from their homes necessary. See The Industrial Schools Act, R.S.O., 1887, c. 213. 6 Education Department Act. sec^4- 4, The Educational Department shall have parTmenMo^*'" powcf, subjcct to thc pFovlsions of any statute ".■^ns%7foctr in that behalf, to make regulations : — uiD matters. (I). For the classification, organization, government, and examination of all schools and institutes in the preceding section men- tioned, and for the e(|uipment of schoolhouses and the arrangement of school premises. (2). For the authorization of text-books for the use of pupils attending such schools or institutes, and for the selection of books of reference for the use of teachers and pupils, and school libraries. (3). For determining the qualifications and duties of inspectors, examiners, and teachers of such schools and institutes, and for the appointment from time to time of such examiners as may be requisite for that purpose. (4). For the payment of the pensions of superannuated inspectors and teachers, and the proper distribution of all moneys set apart by the Legislative Assembly for school pur- poses. (5). For extending on the petition of a board of school trustees, and on such evidence as to efficiency as may be deemed necessary, any third-class certificate issued under the authority of The Public Schools Act. (6). For the study of agriculture and for scientific instruction as to the nature of alco- Powers of Department. 7 holicstimulantsandnarcoticswith special refer- Sees. 4, 5. ence to their effect upon the human system. 5. The Education Department shall have Po'^ers of ^ Department. power: — I). To appoint inspectors of high schools, separate schools, and county model schools, masters of normal and model schools, and directors of teachers' institutes. (2). To affiliate with the schools of pedagogy such high schools or collegiate institutes as may be necessary for practical instruction in the art of teaching. (3). To determine the fees to be paid by candidates at departmental examinations. (4). To accept, in such subjects as may be deemed expedient, the examination of any university in the British dominions in lieu of the departmental examinations. (5). To prescribe such forms for school registers and departmental reports as may be deemed expedient. (6). To accept, on passing the annual de- partmental examination, the professional or training certificate of any normal school or other training institution in the British dominions. (7). To set apart a separate school in any county as a model school for the training of teachers for separate schools, and in such case, or where from the special circumstances of the separate schools in any county it may Edl' CATION Department Act. sec«. 5. 6. 7, i^e deemed expedient, to appoint one com- petent person possessing the qualifications prescribed by The Public Schools Acl, to be a member of the county board of examiners of such county in addition to the number now authorized, and who shall possess and dis- charge the like powers and duties as the other members of the said board. Annoal report to be made by Minister of Education. Minister may tabmit qaes- tiont arisini! upon school law to Hii;h Court. putct plain u. 6. The Minister of Education shall report annually to the Lieutenant-Governor upon all the schools and institutes herein mentioned, with such statements and suggestions for pro- moting education generally as he may deem useful and expedient. 7. The Minister of Education shall have power to submit a case on any question arising under The Public Schools Act, or The High Schools Act, or under The Separate Schools Act, to any Judge of the High Court for his opinion and decision, or, with the consent of such Judge, to a Divisional Court of the said High Court for its opinion and decision. 8. The Minister of Education shall have power to decide upon all disputes and com- plaints laid before him the settlement of which is not otherwise provided for by law, and upon ail appeals made to him from the decision of any inspector or other school officer. 9. (i;. Every regulation or order in council made under this Act, or under the Public, Separate, or High Schools Acts, shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly forthwith if Powers of Minister. 9 the Lee:islature is in session at the date of ^*^s- 9' ^°> , . . II. such regulation or order in council, and, if the Legislature is not in session, such regulation or order in council shall be laid before the said House within the first seven days of the session next after such regulation or order in council is made. (2). In case the Legislative Assembly at the said session, or, if the session does not con- tinue for three weeks after the said regulation or order in council is laid before the House, then at the ensuing session of the Legislature, disapproves by resolution of such regulation or order in council, either wholly or of any part thereof, the regulation or order in council, so far disapproved of, shall have no effect from the time of such resolution being passed. 10. Chapter 224 of the Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1887, is repealed, and this Act shall be deemed to be substituted therefor. IL Except as provided in sections 5 and 7 powers ot of this Act, nothing in this Act contained separate shall be deemed, taken, or construed as in^flected any manner or for any purpose altering, vary- ing, or affecting any power, right, or authority which, before the passing of this Act, was by law vested in or held, had, or possessed by the Minister of Education, or the Department of Education, in respect either of Roman Catholic Separate Schools, or of any matter or thing whatsoever pertaining to or affecting said Separate Schools. See sections 5 and 7. Jlinister as to not THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ACT, 1891. 5^ Victoria^ Chapter ^^. AX ACT CONSOLIDATING AND REVISING THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ACTS. This Act is the final revision of the many Acts and Amendments thereto heretofore passed. The following is the legislation since the original School Act of 1841 : — 4 and 5 Vict., cap. 18 — An Act for establishing a per- manent fund for the support of Common Schools. 7 Vict., cap. 9 — An Act (amending the above Act) for the better establishment and maintenance of Common Schools in Upper Canada. 12 Vict., cap. 83 — An Act for the better establishment and maintenance of Public Schools in Upper Canada and for repealing the present School Act. 1 2 Vict., cap. 200 — An Act to set apart land to form a fund for Common School purposes. 13 Vict., cap. 48— An Act for the better establishment and maintenance of Common Schools in Upper Canada. This is the Upper Canada School Act of 1850, and seems to be the first consolidation of Acts relating to Common Schools previously passed. 14, 15 Vict., cap. Ill — An Act for the purpose of removing doubts as to section 19 of the previous Act. 16 Vict., cap. 182— An Act providing for deficiency in school rates. 16 Vict., cap. 185— A supplemental Act relating to boards of school trustees in cities, towns, and incorporated Previous Acts. ii villages. This Act was repealed as to Roman Catholics by i8 Vict., cap. 131. 18 Vict., cap. 121 — An Act to provide means for the sale of lands held for the purposes of Public Educational Institutions in Upper Canada, when such lands cannot be conveniently used for such purposes. 18 Vict., cap. 131 — An Act to amend the laws relating to Separate Schools in Upper Canada. 18 Vict., cap. 132 — An Act to make further provision for the Grammar and Common Schools of Upper Canada. C.S.U.C, cap. 64 — An Act respecting Common Schools in Upper Canada. 23 Vict., cap. 49 — An Act to amend the Upper Canada Common Schools Act. 32 Vict., cap. 44 — An Act to amend the Act respecting Common Schools in Upper Canada. 34 Vict., cap. ;^;^ — An Act to improve the Common and Grammar Schools of the Province of Ontario. 35 Vict., cap. 22 — An Act relating to arrears due upon Common School lands sold previously to July 1st, 1867. 40 Vict., cap. 16 — An Act to amend the several Acts respecting the Education Department, Public and High Schools, and the University of Toronto. R.S.O., 1877, cap. 204 — T/ie Public Schools Act. 41 Vict., cap. 20 — An Act respecting Union School Sections. 42 Vict., cap. 34 — An Act respecting Public, Separate, and High Schools. 43 Vict., cap. 32 — An Act respecting certain amend- ments to the Public Schools Act. 44 Vict., cap. 30 — An Act for further improving the School Law. 46 Vict., cap. 3 — An Act to provide for the final settle- ment of the Common School Fund. 47 Vict , cap. 44 — An Act to amend the Act respecting Public, Separate, and High Schools. 48 Vict., cap. 49 — An Act to amend and consolidate the Public Schools koX—The Public Schools Act, 1883. 12 Public Schools Act. Sec. I. 50 Vict., cap. 39 — An Act to amend the Act respecting Public Schools. R.S.O., 1887, cap. 22s— The Public Schools Act. 52 Vict., cap. 51 — An Act to amend the Public Schools Act. 53 Vict., cap. 71 — An Act to amend the Public and Separate Schools Act. The Public Schools Act, i8gi, together with the regula- tions of the Department of Education and the decisions of the Superior Courts regarding Public Schools, may be said to compose the School Law of the Province of Ontario. LTER MAJESTY, by and with the advice ^ ■* and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows : — As to power of Legislative Assembly to make laws in regard to education, see remarks before section i of The Education Depart »ii)er. properly levelled, drained, and fenced ; and there should also be some means of procuring good water. Its area should not be less than half an acre in extent, and, if the school population of the section exceeds seventy-five, the area should be one acre. There are also requisites as to water-closets (D.R., s. i). Sections 64 to 80 show the mode of securing and changing rural school sites. (5). "School section" shall mean the muni- cipality or any portion thereof, or any portion of two or more municipalities under one Public School corporation. As to the formation of school sections in townships, see section 12; in unorganized townships, sections 41 to 53; of union school sections, sections 85 to 94, Every township council has the power to pass by-laws to unite existing school sections, or alter their boundaries, or divide an existing school section into two or more sec- tions, or to unite portions of an existing school section with another section or with any new section (s. 81). (6). "Owner" shall include a mortgagee, lessee, or tenant, or other person entitled to a limited interest, and whose claims may be dealt with by arbitration as herein provided. See, as to meaning of word "owner," Gilchrist v. Tobin^ 7 C.P. 141 ; Hopkins v. Provincial Ins. Co.., 18 C.P. 74; McDougallv. McMillan, 25 C.P. 75 ; Chatillon v. Canadian Mutual Ins. Co., 27 C.P. 450. Provision is made where an owner refuses to sell land selected for a school site, or for the enlargement of school premises, for fixing the price of such land by arbitration (s. 67). (7). "Ratepayer" shall mean any person entered on the last revised assessment roll of the school section for Public School rates. .\ " ratepayer " is a person who pays taxes, whether resi- General Provisions. 17 dent within the limits of the municipality to whom the same Sees. 2, 3, are payable or not ( I^^eg. v. North Curry, 4 B. cV C. 953). But a ratepayer must he a resident in order to be elii^ible for election as a trustee (s. 15, s. 98). 8. "Board of trustees" shall include a"^°^'"'^°f trustees. board of education in all cases of a union between Public and High School trustees. As to Boards of Education, see section 8 of this Act, and section 4 of The High Schools Act, iSgi, 54 Vict., chapter 57. The union of Public and High School Boards is now unlawful (s. 8, s-s. 5 ; 54 Vict., v.. 57, s. 4, s-s. 5). 3. AH reirulations made under the /i ^r/ .\ppHcation of '~ res;u!ations respecting- the Education Department shall ;^"a^t':^^224. apply to any matter or thing in this Act con- tained, so far as the same may be consistent with this Act, though not specially referred to in any section thereof. See Departmental Regulations, x\ppendix. As to the statutory power of the Education Department to make these regulations, see The Education Department Act, i8gi, 55 Vict., c. 54, s. 4. 4. Nothint^ in this Act authorizing the levy- ^o'-^'^ on • r) ci J supporters of ing or collecting of rates on taxable property ucsTpar^te''"" for Public School purposes shall apply to'''""^' the supporters of Roman Catholic Separate Schools. The manner of levying and collecting rates from the supporters of Roman Catholic separate schools is provided for by The Separate Schools Act, R.S.O., 1887, c. 227. 5. All unions of Public and High School Existing school trustees, all boards of education, and all arrangements ' ' continued. Public School sections or other Public School iS Plblic Schools Act. Sees. 5.6, 7- divisions, together with all elections and ap- pointments to office, all agreements, con- tracts, assessments, and rate-bills heretofore duly made in relation to Public Schools, and existing when this Act comes into force, shall be subject to the provisions of this Act. Trusucs. lern. 6. Thc term for which each school trustee of office of. 1 • 1 • A 1 rr holds office at the tune this Act takes enect shall continue as if such term had been created bv virtue of an election under this Act. In rural districts the term of office for a trustee is three years (s. 14); in cities, towns, and incorporated villages, the term is two years, half the trustees retirini^ annually (ss. 100, lOl). Trustees 10 be 7. Thc trustecs of every school section a corporation. , ,, , 1 , -- shall be a corporation under the name oi " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section of the Township of in the County of ." "A corporation is an artificial being — invisible, intangi- ble, and existing only in contemplation of law. Being the mere creature of law, it possesses only those properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either expressly or as incidental to its very existence. These are such as are supposed best calculated to effect the object for which it was created. Among the most important are immortality (in a legal sense), that it may be made capable of indefinite duration, and, if the expression may be allowed, individuality— properties by which a perpetual succession of many persons are considered the same, and may act as a single individual. They enable a corporation to manage ilr. own affairs, and to hold property without the perplexing intricacies, the hazardous and endless necessity, of per{)etual conveyances for the purpose of transmitting Boards of Education. 19 it from hand 10 hand. It is chiefly for the purpose of Sees. 7, 8. clothing bodies of men in succession with these tiualities and cai)acities that corporations were invented and are in use. ]>y these means a perpetual succession of individuals are capable of acting for the promotion of the particular object, like one immortal being." Per Marshall, CJ., in Dartmouth College v. Woodward^ 4 Wheat. 636. See Bahy V. Baby, 5 Q.B. 510; Standly v. Perry, 3 S.C.R. 536. Acts done in excess of their e.xpress or implied powers are absolutely void. (Richmond v. Front of Leeds and Lans- dozvne, 8 Q.B. 567 ; Campbell v. Corporation of Elma, 13 C.P. 296; Minos' Ditch Co v. Zellerbacli, 37 Cal. 543.) The Interpretation Act of Ontario declares that "words making any association or number of persons a corporation or body politic and corporate shall vest in such corporation power to sue and be sued, contract and be contracted with, by their corporate name, to have a common seal, and to alter or change the same at their pleasure, and to have perpetual succession, and power to acquire and hold per- sonal property or movables for the purposes for which the corporation is constituted, and to alienate the same at pleasure ; and shall also vest in any majority of the mem- bers of the corporation the power to bind the others by their acts ; and shall exempt the individual members of the corporation from personal liability for its debts or obliga- tions or acts, provided they do not contravene the pro- visions of the Act incorporating them." (R.S.O., 1887, c. 1, s. 8, s-s. 25.) A court of equity has jurisdiction to order persons wrongfully claiming to be school trustees to deliver up the corporate seal and papers to the legal trustees. (Re Roman Catholic School of Belleville v. Granger, 25 Chy. 570.) BOARDS OF EDUCATION. 8. (1). The union of the trustees of any unions of PubHc and High School for the ioint manatre- hlgh'schooi r , ^ boards. ment of the PubHc and High Schools of any municipality shall form one corporation, under 20 Public Schools Act. Sec. 3. ti-,(3 name, "The Board of Education for the city, town, incorporated village, or township of" ((7S the case may be). Boards of educa- tion shall have the power of trustees of both Public and High School trustees. A majority of the members shall form a quorum. Under The High School Amendme7it Act, i86^, it was provided (s. 5) that in all cases of the union of high and common school trustee corporations, all members of both corporations should constitute a joint board. Under that clause, of which the above section is materially a copy, it was held that a joint board of grammar and common school trustees are a corporate body capable of contracting and being sued, though the separate existence of each continues; and they were held liable, therefore, for the work done upon a contract made by them with the plaintiff for an addition to the schoolhouse. (Oliver v. The Union Board of School Trustees of Ingersoll, 29 Q.B. 409.) A board of education can change the site for a school and purchase another without a by-law or resolution of the County Council, or the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. ( Moffatt v. Board of Educatio7i of Carleton Place, 5 A.R. 197.) That part of the above section which confers on the joint board the powers of each board means the powers possessed by each board for the purpose for which such board was created before the creation of the joint board. (In re The Board of Education of the Toivn of Perth and the Corporation of the Town of Perth, 39 Q.B. 34.) And where a board of education resolves that a certain sum should be levied on a certain high school district within their jurisdiction, to cover the expense of building, furnish- ing, etc., for the purposes of the high school, the board of education, i.e., the joint board, and not the high school board, is the proper party to make the requisition for such sum. (Il>. . Re Board of Education of Village of Morrisburg and the Municipal Corporation of the Tonmshipof Winchester, 8 A.R. 169.) Boards of Education. 21 A member of tlie municipal council of the municipality Sec. 8. or county in which a high school is situated cannot serve as a member of a board of education. (54 Vict., c. 57, s. 12, s-s. 2.) (2). If at any meeting of a board of edu- ^^1^^°'^"^'°" °f cation, called for that purpose, a majority of^''"''^"°" all the members thereof vote in favor of the dissolution of any board of education, such board shall be dissolved on and after the close of the current calendar year. (3). In case any board of education is dis-'^'^"^'^" ■^ -' representing solved, all members of such board of educa- fo^^ontinuet tion who were elected on behalf of the Public" School shall be the board of trustees for such Public School to hold office for the full term of their election, or until their term expires, according to the provisions of this Act. (4). In the case of such dissolution as afore- J^l-opem- on °^ said all school property held by the joint cor- '^ poration for Public School purposes shall be vested in the Public School board of trustees, subject to any trust for High School purposes attached thereto, and any other property held or possessed jointly by the corporation before dissolution shall be divided as may be agreed upon by the trustees of the High School and Public School respectively at a meeting called for that purpose. If no division is made within six months after this Act takes effect then the division shall be made forth- with by the council of the municipality within wlpch the Public School is situated. proper dissolution. 22 Public Schools Act. Union boards illegal herealier. Secs.^. 9- (5). It shall not be lawful for the trustees of any Public School to unite hereafter with the trustees of any High School to form a board of education. This section and the sub-sections tliereof are materially the same as section 4 of The High Schools Act, i8gi, and the sub-sections thereof. Public schools to be free. School age. PUBLIC SCHOOLS TO BE FREE. 9. (i». All Public Schools shall be free schools, and every person between the age of five and twenty-one years shall have the right to attend some school. Pupils may attend Kindergarten Schools from four to seven years of age. The courts will not grant a mandamus to compel the admission of a child to a public school where it is shown that there is not accommodation, for this is a valid answer to an application for admission, especially where it is shown that there is sufficient accommodation at another public school in the same town ; or that the application for admission is not made in the regular and proper way prescribed under the Regulations of the Education Depart- ment. (Dunn V. The Board of Education of the Town of Windsor, 6 O.R. 125; In re Hutch' son and the School Trustees of St. Catharines, 31 Q.B. 274.) Under present legislation, compulsory attendance at school being necessary (54 Vict, cap. 56), and public school trustees being obliged to provide adequate accommodation (s. 40, s-s. 3), it would appear as if every child within the srhool age has the right to attend as provided under above section, unless prevented from attending under the pro- visions of The Public Health Act, R.S.O., 1887, chapter 205, and even then can be readmitted on section 94 of that Art being complied with. If there is no accommodation in the school which a Admission to Schooi-s. 23 child has the right to attend, or if within two miles from Sec. 9. the residence of a child under ten years of age, or within three miles from the residence of a child over that age, there is no school, the parent or guardian of such child is not liable to any of the penalties prescribed by the Act respecting Truancy and Compulsory School Attendance, 55 Vict., c. 56, s. 4, sss. 3, 4. Children within the school age, belonging to a class for whom a separate school has been established under The Separate Schools Act, R.S.O., 1887, cap. 227, will not be admitted under above section if such separate school is being carried on. (In re Hill v. The School Trustees of Camden and Zone, 11 Q.H. 573; In re Stewart and The Trustees of School Section 8 of the Township of Sandwich East, 23 Q.B. 634 ; In re Hutchison and the School Trustees of St. Caiharities, 31 Q.B. 274.) Any pupil, once admitted to school and duly registered, shall attend at the commencement of each term and con- tinue in attendance regularly until he is withdrawn by notice to the teacher to that effect. (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 5.) Section 2 of 55 Vict., c. 56, provides that all children between eight and fourteen years of age have to attend school for the full term during which the school in the section in which they reside is open each year, unless ex- cused under the provisions of section 4 of said Act. Pupils in cities, towns, and incorporated villages shall attend such school as may be designated by the trustees, and no transfer from one school to another shall be allowed without their consent. (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 10.) In public schools pupils shall be given instruction in the elements of an English and commercial education (55 Vict., c. 54, s. 3, s-s. 2). Kindergarten schools are those in which instruction shall be given in kindergarten methods {Il>., s. 3, -s-s. i). As to their establishment, see The Educa- tion Department Act, i8gi, s. 3. (2). In any school sectionwhere the property ^,"f|j"tn"o7 °* of a non-resident is assessed for an amount "°""''""^^'"® equal to the average assessment of residents, 24 Public Schools Act. Sees. 9, 10, ^he children of such non-resident shall be admitted to the Public School of such section on the same terms and conditions as the children of residents. The admission of non-resident pupils, other than those provided for under this sub-section, is regulated by section 172 of the Act. RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION. 10. No person shall require any pupil in ies any Public School to read or study in or from Pupils not 10 be required to join in reli- tiious exercises cbiecied 10 by 1 • • 11 , ■ • • their parents, any rcligious book, or to join m any exercise of devotion or religion, objected to by his or her parents or guardians. To receive religious instruction a^ their parents -^ qualification of one years, who is a Public School supporter of the section for which he is such ratepayer, shall be entitled to vote at any election for school trustee, or on any school question whatsoever. A " ratepayer " is defined by the School Act to mean any person entered on the last revised assessment roll of the school section for public school rates (s. 2, s-s. 7). 17. A meeting of the ratepayers of every Annual meeting, '^ ^ •' ^ when held. section shall be held annually on the last Wednesday of December, or, if such Wednes- day be a holiday, then on the next day follow- ing, commencing at the hour of ten o'clock in 28 Public Schools Act. Sees. 17. 18 ^i-,g forenoon, for the purpose (among other things) of electing a school trustee or trustees. The notice calling an annual or special meeting should be signed by the secretary by direction of the trustees, or by a majority of the trustees themselves. The corporate seal need not be attached to it. (D.R., s. 85, s-s. i.) Any ratepayer may call the meeting to order as soon as the hour appointed arrives, and nominate a chairman (//^, s-s. 2). The rules of order for conducting the business of all school meetmgs is prescribed by section 86 of the Depart- mental Regulations. An alteration of the boundaries of a school section does not make it necessary to call a school section meeting and appoint new trustees. ( Chief Superintendent, In re Trustees of Section 2, Tmvnship 0/ Moore v. McRae, 12 Q.B. 525.) For form of notice of annual school meeting, see Form y, Appendix A. .Mectingstobe 18. lu casc, from the want of proper notice called in defauli ^ ^ ainuM meeting ^^ Other causc, auy first or annual school sec- tion meeting, required to be held for the election of trustees, was not held at the proper time, the inspector, or any two rate- payers in the section may call a school meet- ing by giving six days' notice, to be posted in at least three of the most public places in the school section ; and the meeting thus called shall possess all the powers and perform all the duties of the meeting in the place of which it is called. This section relates to cases in which trustees refuse or neglect to call the annual school meeting; but in case of inadvertence, or error, the trustees can at once call the meeting themselves, or authorize their secretary to do so. Rural Public Schools. 29 See remarks under previous section. In case the trustee Sees. 18, 19 20 or other person whose duty it is to call the school meeting does not do so, such trustee or other person is liable to a penalty of $5 (s. 192). For form of notice for annual school meeting under this section, see Form 2, Appendix A. ; and for form of notice of special school meeting, see Fo7-m j, Appendix A. 19. (1). The ratepayers of a school sectionoMerof busi- present at any school meeting shall elect one of their own number as chairman to preside over its proceedings, and shall also appoint a secretary, who shall record the minutes of the meeting, and perform such other duties as may be required of him by this Act. The other duties to be performed by the secretary- treasurer are prescribed by sections 21 (2), 23, 24, 31, 33 (2), 34. 35. 37 (2), 45. 46, and 80. (2). The business of ever}' school meeting may be conducted in the following order : {a) Receiving the annual report of the trustees, and disposing of the same; {b) Receiving the annual report of the auditor or auditors, and disposing of the same ; {c) Electing an auditor for the ensuing year; ((/) Miscellaneous busi- ness; [e] Electing a trustee or trustees to fill any vacancy or vacancies. DUTIES OF CHAIRMAN. 20. The chairman shall submit all motions cbairman, 1 • • 1 1-111 duties ot. to the meeting m the manner desired by the majority. In case of an equality of votes, he shall give the casting vote, but no other vote. 30 Public Schools Act. Sees. 20. 21. He shall decide all questions of order, sub- ject to an appeal to the meeting. The names of those who vote for, and of those who vote against, a motion may be entered upon the minutes, if required by the majority at the time of voting, and even after the chairman has declared the motion carried. It is the duty of the chairman to receive nominations for the office of trustees. It is not competent for him to reject any vote tendered ; but, if any objection be made to the vote, he should require the person objected to to make the declaration, a form of which is given in section 22. The inspector alone has the right, on complaint made to him, to set aside any vote given. But it seems that the chairman may declare the vote bad, if the voter refuses to make the required declaration. The chairman cannot receive any protest against the legality of the meeting or its proceedings, which must be made to the inspector (s. 32). In electing a trustee, one of the three modes authorized by custom maybe adopted, viz. : (i) By acclamation ; (2) by a show of hands ; and (3) by polling the votes. The law requires the chairman to adopt the latter mode at the request of any two electors present, even although he may, on a show of hands, have declared the person elected (s. 21, s-s. i). The chairman must also see that a correct copy of the minutes of the annual meeting and a copy of the poll book are forwarded to the county inspector (s. 31). Poll lube 21. (1). A poll may be demanded by any Kranied on ap- .... i.iication ci two two ratepayers at anymeetmgror the election of trustees, or for the settlement of any school (juestion, and such poll shall be granted by the chairman forthwith, if demanded, within ten minutes after the vote of the meeting has been declared from the chair. The chairman cannot reject any vote that is tendered ; Duties of Chairman. 31 but if an objection be made to any vote, he should require Sees. 21, 22. the voter to make the declaration required by section 22 and only on the refusal of the voter to make the same can he declare the vote bad. If the voter makes the declara- tion, and the vote is still objected to, then complaint must be made to the inspector, who has the power to set the vote aside (s. 32). (2). When a poll is granted for the election ''"°"edinas in ol a trustee the secretary shall enter in a poll book, in separate columns, the names of the candidates proposed and seconded at the nomination, and shall, opposite to such col- umns, write the names of the ratepayers offer- ing to vote at the election within the time prescribed by this Act, and shall, in the col- umn on which is entered the name of a candi- date voted for by a voter, set the figure ' i ' opposite the voter's name, with the residence of the voter. The time prescribed for voting is from 10 a.m. (s. 17) to 4 p.m. (s. 23) ; but the poll may close at any time after II a.m., provided a full hour has elapsed without a vote having been polled (s. 23). (3) . When a poll is granted upon any Public ^^'J^'" '" 1^°" School question, the name of each voter shall be similarly placed in separate columns, marked "for" or "against." 22. In case objection is made to the ri^^ht when voter is r objected to. •ot any person to vote at any school meeting, the chairman of the meeting, or other presid- ing officer, shall require such person to make the following declaration or affirmation : (r). I, A. /I, do declare and affirm that I am an assessed Declaration ratepayer in school section. 32 Public Schools Act. Sees 22, 23. (2). That I am of the full age of twenty-one years. (3). That I am a supporter of the public school in said school section No. (4). That I have the right to vote at this election. # Whereupon the person making such declar- ation shall be entitled to vote. The chairman has no right to declare any vote bad unless the voter refuses to make the foregoing declaration, nor has he any right to receive any protest against the legality of the meeting or its proceedings. Both must be made to the inspector (s. 32). And any person convicted of wilfully making a false declaration of his right to vote is liable to be punished by fine or imprisonment, at the discretion of the Court of General Sessions ; or a penalty of not less than five dollars, or more than ten dollars, may be imposed upon him, which penally may be sued for and recovered, with costs, before a justice of the peace by the trustees (s. 187). And see remarks under section 103, sub-section 6, of this Act. When poll shall 23. The Doll at cverv election of a rural close. school trustee, or on any school question, shall not close before eleven o'clock in the forenoon, but may close at any time there- after when a full hour has elapsed without any vote having been polled, and shall not be kept open later than four o'clock in the after- noon of the day on which the election is com- menced ; and when such poll is closed the chairman and secretary shall count the votes polled for the respective candidates, or for the school question submitted, as the case may be, and shall declare the candidate elected, or the school question adopted, for which the highest number of votes was polled, or in Duties of Chairman and Secretary. 33 case of a tie the chairman shall give the cast- ^ecs 23, 24. ing vote. The declaration by the chairman of the school meeting that such a candidate is elected constitutes the candidate a legal trustee until his election is set aside by proper authority. (D.R., s. 87, s-s. 2.) And where certain persons were elected school trustees, and at a meeting of the board held subsequently to the election were declared duly elected, but, proceedings having been meanwhile com- menced to question the validity of the election, at a further meeting of the board they acquiesced in the conclusion of the board to hold a new election, and became candidates again, and canvassed as such, until the twenty days allowed for disputing the first election had elapsed (the proceedings formerly commenced for that purpose having been meanwhile dropped), and were not elected at the second election, the Court held that they could not afterwards maintain a suit to have it declared they were the duly-elected trustees. (Foster v. Stokes, 2 O.R. 590.) 24. The secretary of every school meeting Acceptance ot at which any person or persons were elected as"^"^'^^^- trustees shall forthwith notify in writing each of such persons of his election, and every person so notified shall be considered as having accepted such office unless a notice to the contrary effect has been delivered by him to such secretary within twenty days after the date of such election. The secretary, who may be the teacher of the section or any other competent person, should be appointed by the ratepayers present at the school meeting (s. 19). It is his • duty to make a correct minute of the proceedings (s. 19), to record the votes of the electors in the poll book, if a poll 34 Public Schools Act Sees. 24, 25, js demanded and granted (s. 21), and to sign the minutes 26, 27, 28. , , . , , f(;r transmission to the inspector (s. 31). For form of notice to person elected as school trustee, see Form 4, Appendix A. Term for vacancies. 25. Any trustee elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office only for the unexpired term of the person in whose place he has been elected. Trustees may resign. Re-election of any trustee lawful. 26. Any trustee of a rural school section may resign with the consent, expressed in writing, of his colleagues in office. The ofifice of trustee may not only be vacated by resignation, as provided in this section, but shall be vacated where the trustee is convicted of any felony or mis- demeanor, becomes insane, or absents himself from the meetings of the board for three consecutive months without being authorized by resolution entered upon its minutes, or where he ceases to be an actual resident (s. 190). Also by his having an interest in any contract with the board (s. 197). The office may also be vacated by refusal to act after election, and on payment of five dollars by way of penalty for such refusal (s. 194). For form of consent of co-trustees to resignation of trustee, see Form 5, Appendix A. 27. Any retiring trustee may be re-elected with his own consent, otherwise he shall be exempted from serving for four years next after leaving office. Corporation not 28. (i). No school corporation shall cease to cease by want _ ^ oftrustees. (-q exist by reason of the want of trustees, but in case of any such want any two ratepayers of the section, or the inspector, may, by Appointment of Trustees by Council. 35 giving six days' notice, to be posted in at least ^ecs. 28, 29. three of the most pubHc places of the section, call a meeting of the ratepayers, who shall proceed to elect three trustees, in the manner prescribed in section 17 and the following sections of this Act; and the trustees thus tenure of office. elected shall hold and retire from office in the manner prescribed by section 30 of this Act. The notice to be given by the inspector should be similar to Form 2, Appendix A. (2). When the ratepayers of any school sec-coundi may ^ -' -^ appoint trustees tion, for two years neglect or refuse to elect riect"on° trustees, after being duly notified as herein provided, the municipal council of the town- ship may appoint trustees for the said school section, who shall hold office for the same term as if elected by the ratepayers; or the^'5^°'"''°"°f r J J school section municipal council may by by-law declare such C" t"rus."els?"°" section dissolved, and shall (in case of dis- solution) attach the same, in such proportions as they may deem expedient, to adjoining sections. The assets of every section so dis- solved shall be disposed of as may be deter- mined by the municipal council. 29. Where a new school section is formed f''°"^.'^'"s^°° formation of in any township as provided in this Act, these'c"S°°' clerk of the township shall cause notice to be posted in three of the most public places in the new school section, calling the first annual meeting thereof, at least six days before the last Wednesday in December, in the year in which such new school section was formed. 36 Public Schools Act. Sees. 29, 30. and the first meeting in every new school sec- tion shall be held at the same time as the annual meeting in school sections. The How meeting meeting^ shall be organized, and the proceed- to be organized o o ' r ings conducted, as near as may be, according to the provisions of sections 19 to 24 of this Act, inclusive. For form of notice under this section, see Form 6, Appendix A. Term of office of each trustee. First. Second. Third. Order of seniority of trustees. 30. The trustees elected at the first meeting in every new school section shall respectively continue in office as follows : — (I). The first person elected shall continue in office for two years, to be reckoned from the annual school meeting next after his elec- tion, and thence until his successor has been elected ; (2). The second person elected shall con- tinue in office for one year, to be reckoned from the same period, and until his successor has been elected ; (3). The third, or last person elected, shall continue in office until the next ensuing annual school meeting in such section, and until his successor has been elected ; (4). In case of a poll being taken for one or more trustees at the first meeting in a new school section, then the trustees shall rank in seniority according to the number of votes polled, and in case of a tie, then in the order of their nomination. Trustees' Term of Office. 37 Every trustee holds office for three years, and until his Sees. 30, 31, successor is elected (s. 14). This rule does not apply to ^^' the second and third trustees elected ^\ first school meeting in a section. One of these three trustees (the second elected) holds office for two years, and the other (the third elected) holds it for one year, and in all cases until their respective successors are appointed, After serving his full term a person cannot be compelled to act as trustee again until after the expiration of four years; but he may, with his own consent, be re-elected on going out of office (s. 27). This privilege does not extend to a person who declines to act as trustee and pays the fine of five dollars for non- service (s. 194). Such a person may be elected to fill the next succeeding vacancy, but may decline to serve on pay- ment of five dollars as before. 31. A correct copy of the minutes of the copy of minutes .,_ to be sent to first and of every annual and of every special '"^p"'°''- school meeting, and a copy of the poll book where a poll has been taken (all of which shall be signed by the chairman and secre- tary), shall be forthwith transmitted by the chairman of the meeting to the county in- spector. The minutes should be signed at the close of the meet- ing, and a copy sent to the inspector within ten days after the holding of such meeting; otherwise the chairman is liable, on the complaint of any ratepayer, to a fine of not more than five dollars, which can be sued for and recovered before a justice of the peace (s. 197). For form of transmission under this section, see Form 7, Appendix A. 32. When complaint is made to the in-compiaintsasto '■ elections. spector by any ratepayer that the election of a trustee, or that the proceedings or any part thereof of any school meeting, have not been 38 Public Schools Act. Sec. 32- in conformity with this Act, the inspector shall investigate the same, and confirm or set the election or proceedings aside, and appoint the time and place for a new election, or for the reconsideration of the school question at issue, but no complaint in regard to any elec- tion or proceeding at a school meeting shall be entertained by any inspector unless made to him in writing within twenty days after the holding of the election or meeting. The Rules of the Education Department also provide that every county inspector shall decide complaints with regard to the election of trustees and other matters. (D.R., s. 74, s-s. 12.) Should the inspector require to examine witnesses in any election case before him, or in regard to any other school matter, he can administer an oath to them, or require their solemn afifirmation before he receives their testimony (s. i6o). This section expressly provides for the speedy and in- expensive rectification of all proceedings not in conformity with the Act, in the administration of the law with reference to rural public schools. ( McGugan v. School Board of South- wold, section No. 7, 17 O.K. 428.) It empowers the inspector to investigate complaints regarding the legality of a school meeting, but leaves the nature of the investigation to his own judgment. He is not bound to investigate the complaint before calling another meeting, but can call a fresh meeting for the purpose of ascertaining what was the true opinion of the former meet- ing. (Departmental Decision, re S.S. Mariposa, 27th April, 1891.) And wher2 certain persons were elected school trustees, and, at a meeting of the board held subsequently to the election, were declared duly elected, but, proceedings having in the meanwhile been commenced to question the validity of the election, at a further meeting of the board ihey acquiesced in the conclusion of the board to hold a new treasurer. Organization oi' School Board. 39 election, and became candidates again, and canvassed as Sees. 3a, 33. such until the twenty days allowed for disputing the first election had elapsed (the proceedings formerly commenced for that purpose having been meanwhile dropped), and were not elected at the second election, the Court held that they could not afterwards maintain a suit to have it declared that they were the duly elected trustees. (Foster v. Stokes, 2 O.R. 590.) 33. (i). Every board of school trustees Ofs^^j'-^^''"" of shall be organized by the election of a chair- man and a secretary-treasurer. A majority of the board shall form a quorum. (2). The secretar3^-treasurer, who may be a s«=j|[g ^°^^« member of the board, shall give such security '^''^' as may be required by a majority of the trustees — such security to be deposited with the clerk of the municipality. The word "security" means sufificient security (R.S.O., 1887, c. I, s. 8, s-s. 20). This security must be given, the word "shall" being construed as imperative (lb., s-s. 2). If school trustees neglect to take any security from their secretary-treasurer, as it is their duty to do under sub-section 2 of above section, they are personally responsible for any loss sustained by reason of their not doing so (ss. 198, 199). The security should be given in the form of a bond; q.v., Form 8, Appendix A. This bond must be lodged with the clerk of the township council. In Keith v. Fenelon Falls Union School Section et al., 3 O.R. 194, a municipal corporation passed a by-law for raising .a loan to liquidate a debt to be incurred in enlarg- ing the schoolhouse in a public school section, and providing for the issue of debentures for that purpose, and for levying a special rate to pay the interest thereon, and to create a sinking fund for the payment of the principal ; and the municipal authorities paid the money so raised by the special rate to the secretary-treasurer of the school board of 40 Public Schools Act. Sec. 33. the said section. A., the secretary-treasurer of the school board, and B., as his surety, gave a bond of ofifice, reciting that A. had been appointed such secretary-treasurer, and that " it was required that security should be given for the due and faithful performance of any and all the duties per- taining to such office," and conditioned to " correctly and safely keep any and all moneys and papers belonging to the said school board, and to faithfully and honestly deliver up, account for, and pay over any moneys which at any time thereafter might come into his hands and possession as such secretary-treasurer," and A. received and made default in respect of certain moneys improperly paid to him as such secretary-treasurer. The Court held that the condition must be read with reference to the recital, and its scope might be thereby restricted ; and, reading the two together, B. was not liable for the moneys so received by A., which were outside the duties pertaining to his office, and should have been retained by the municipal corporation. B. having been informed by the school board that A. was in default, but not in respect of what moneys default was made, as to which he made no enquiries, and having at the request of the school board given a mortgage to secure the liability which he was informed he had, by reason of such default, incurred as surety under the above bond, and having sub- sequently ascertained that the default was partly in respect of moneys improperly paid to A., it was held that B. was entitled to redeem on payment of the balance only of the moneys for which he was held liable as surety, the mortgage having been executed under a mistake. The trustees should therefore be careful to see that the bond fully covers con- tingencies of above and a similar nature. And where the security is taken by the trustees from a guarantee company, the terms of the contract with such company must be strictly complied with ; otherwise they will not be entitled to recover from the company on the secretary-treasurer making default. Thus where a term of a policy required that the books of the secretary-treasurer should be audited at the end of each year by the auditors as required by statute, and the books were audited, but not Duties of Secretarv-Tkicasukek. 41 by the proper auditors, it was held that the terms of the Sees. 33, 34. guarantee had not been compHed with, and that the trustees could not recover. (The Board of Education of the Toivn of Paris v. The Citizens' Insurance and Investment Cotn- pany, 30 C.P. 132.) (^). The secretary-treasurer may be allowed coinpensation ^-' •> •' of secretary- such compensation for his services as secre- ""easurer. tary or for attending to the repairs of the schoolhouse or premises as shall be agreed upon by resolution of the annual meeting duly entered on the minutes. The secretary-treasurer may also be appointed school collector (s. 51). 34. It shall be the duty of the secretary- duties of secre- ■J -J tary-treasurer. treasurer : — (i). To keep a full and correct record of the proceedings of every meeting of the board in the minute book provided by the trustees for that purpose, and to see that the minutes, when confirmed, are signed by the chairman or presiding trustee ; (2). To receive all school mone}'s collected from the ratepayers of the section or other persons, and to account for the same ; A school trustee having money in his hands, not as secretary and treasurer of a board, or in any official capacity, cannot embezzle such money, his duty as a trustee not requiring him or authorizing him to receive it. (Ferris V. Invin, 10 C.P. 116.) (3). To disburse all moneys in the manner directed by a majority of the trustees ; (4). To produce, when called for by the 42 Public Schools Act. Sec. 34. trustees,auditors or other competentauthority, all papers and moneys belonging to the cor- poration ; (5). To call, at the request in writing of two trustees, or on the petition of ten ratepayers, a special meeting of the board of trustees. Notice of all meetings shall he given by the secretary- treasurer to each of the trustees, by notifying them person- ally or in writing, or by sending a written notice to their residences (s. 35). Notifying the trustees personally is always a doubtful method, as, without a witness to the fact, it is often incapable of proof in case of denial. It is also the duty of the secretary-treasurer to receive , all moneys levied and collected by the municipal council of any township (s. 1 18). And where any award for a school site, made and published under this Act, has to be regis- tered, the secretary-treasurer is the person who should make the affidavit required for the purposes of registration (s. 71). Should he wrongfully withhold, neglect, or refuse at any time to deliver up, or to account for and pay over, any books, papers, chattels, or moneys which came into his possession as such secretary-treasurer, or any part thereof, to the person, and in the manner directed by a majority of the school trustees for the school section then in office, or by other competent authority, such withholding, neglect, or refusal, shall be punishable (s. 200). And the county judge is authorized, on the application of two trustees or two rate- payers, supported by their affidavits, to order the secretary- treasurer to deliver up, account for and pay over, the books, papers, chattels, or moneys by a certain day to be named by the judge, upon pain of imprisonment, without bail, until the order is complied with (ss. 20T to 203). But this proceeding does not affect any other remedy the trustees may have against a secretary-treasurer (s. 204). .\nd a trustee corporation can maintain an action " for money had and received " against their secretary-treasurer to recover money in his hands not expended or accounted DuTiKs OF Si:cki:iarv-Tki: ASfKEit. 43 for. (Trustees of Sdiool Section No. y in tlie Township of ^^^^- z^, 35- Stephen v. Mitchell, 29 Q.B. 382.) And if a person acts in the capacity of secretary-treasurer of a school corporation, although he has not been appointed in writing, and has not given security as required by section 32 of this Act, hut has been recogni/.ed by the corporation as their secretary-treasurer by their intrusting him with the custjdy of their books and papers, and by allowing him to receive moneys for them, and by auditing his accounts and receiving and approving of the auditors' reports, and he afterwards absconds with certain moneys which have been received by him, as such secretary-treasurer, from third parlies, the school corporation cannot compel the third parties to make good the money received by the absconder by alleging that he was not the duly appointed officer of the corporation; for if a person acts notoriously as the officer of a corporation, and is recognized by it as such officer, a regular appointment will be presumed, and his acts will bind the corporation, although no written proof is, or can be, adduced of his appointment. (School Trustees, Township of Hamilton v. Neil, 28 Chy. 408.) The rule is laid down and is exemplified by many cases in Taylor on Evidence, eighth edition, section 171, that a person acting in an official capacity is presumed to be regularly appointed, and no distinction is recognized, though the appointment must necessarily be in writing or under seal, or though proceedings be criminal or \w the highest degree penal. 35. Notice of all meetino^s shall be -) 52. Every such collector shall have the Powers and J liabilities 01 same powers in collecting the school rate, rate- school collector bill, or subscriptions, shall be under the same liabilities and obligations, and proceed in the 74 Public Schools Act. Sec. 52. same manner in his school section and town- ship, as a township collector does in his municipality, in collecting rates in a township or county, as provided in the municipal and assessment Acts from time to time in force. The duties of collectors are prescribed by sections 254 to 257 of The Conso/idafed Mitnicipal Act, 55 Vict., c. 42, and sections 122 to 137 of The Consolidated Assess?iient •^^^' 55 Vict., c. 48. Under a warrant from the trustees the collector is authorized and required to collect the school rates imposed by them, or the sums which the inhabitants or others may have subscribed, and also the school rate bill payable by non-residents (but see Chapman V. 7'hrasher, infra) ; and by virtue of the warrant the collector has the same powers as a township collector in collecting the school rate, rate bill, or subscription, and is placed under the same liability and obligations. School trustees and collectors under their warrant have no power to levy on the property of a non-resident of the school section for rates assessed in respect of property with in that section. ( The Chief Superintendent of Education, In re Chapman v. Thrasher et al, 20 C.P. 259.) Nor can a collector sue for the amount of the rates in his own name. The action should be brought in the name of the trustees as a corporation. ( Healy v. Carey, 13 L.J.N.S. 91.) But it has been held that a township collector may sue for the amount of an assessment for common schools in a Division Court. ( McGregor v. White, i Q.B. 15.) A promissory note is not legal payment of a school rate, and, even if the collector and trustees accept same, their improper acceptance of it would not prevent them from afterwards placing a warrant in the hands of the collector authorizing him to distrain. (Sp?y v. McKenzie, 18 Q.Ii. 161.) And where the time for levying a school tax was ex- tended by resolution of the council of a municipality until the ist August, 1856, and again on the 22nd December, Duties of School Collector. 75 1856, to the ist March, 1857, it was held that the collector, Sec. 52. who was the same person for both years, might distrain between the ist August, 1856, and the 22nd December, 1856, although no resolution extending the time was then in force. (Newberry v. Stephens, 16 Q.B. 65 ; McBride v. GardhaJti, 8 C.P. 296; Lewis v. Brady, 17 O.R. 377.) And a collector of school taxes may collect by distress the taxes for the two years immediately preceding, not having made his final return of such taxes in arrear, and being still collector. (The Chief Si/perintende?it of Schools, Ap- pellant, In re McLean v. Farrell, 21 Q.B. 441.) School trustees can only give a warrant to collect school rates within the limits of the section for which they are appointed. And it would seem that such a warrant is sufilicient if signed by two of the trustees, and that it need not be under their corporate seal. In making cognizance under such a warrant, it is sufficient to state that the rate- payer was duly assessed, and that the collector was duly appointed. (Gillies v. JFood, 13 Q.B. 357.) Replevin may be brought upon a distress for school rates. Where several devisees and executors were rated to a school rate in respect of the property of their testator, as "John Applegarth and brothers," which entry appeared to have been made at the instance of some of the plaintiffs, but two of them only had slept on the premises occasionally, although such was not their usual place of residence, and they had received the usual notice of assessment in that form without appealing, and the same two had paid taxes on an assessment on the township roll in their individual names ; it was held that these facts afforded sufficient evidence to show that the plaintiffs were " inhabitants" for the purposes of the rate ; that the parties were sufficiently named on the roll to render the rate lawful ; and that a demand made by the collector on the plaintiff, " John Applegarth," named in the roll, was sufficient to bind all the plaintiffs. (Applegarth et al. v. Graham, 7 C.P. 171.) The effect of a collector not having made and sub- scribed the declaration required by section 271 of The Consolidated Municipal Act, 55 Vict., c. 42, is not to make 76 Public Schools Act, Sees. 52, 53. his acts void ; and if he has been duly appointed by by-law collector, he can hold office until removed by the council, even if what was done by the council in appointing him did not constitute a good appointment. (Leivis v. Brady, 17 O.R. 377.) The appointment of a person to collect the rates for that year will not have the effect of removing another person, previously appointed collector for that same year, from office ; for it is an appointment to collect the rates for that year only, and by section 12 of The Consolidated Assessvietit Act, 55 Vict., c. 48, the council of every munici- pality, e.xcept counties, may appoint such number of collectors as they might think proper; and a distress by the first-appomted collector w^ould be legal. (lb.) And so long as the roll is in the hands of the collector, and has not been returned by him, he is at liberty to go on and levy where he finds distress. (Neivberry v. Stephens, 16 Q.B. 65.) And where a collector calls on a person liable to pay taxes and demands payment of the taxes payable by him, this demand is sufficient to warrant a distress, and the fact that the collector several times afterwards demanded the same taxes does not affect the validity of the first demand, which is the only one required. (Lewis v. Brady, 17 O.R. 377-) The inclusion of an assessment which does not appear to be either against the owner or the occupier of a property vitiates a warrant for the collection of a single sum for rates for several years ; and a distress under such a warrant would be illegal. (Flanagan v. Elliott, 12 S.C.R. 435 ) Boardsinmuni- 53. In municipalities composed of more cipalities with- ^ out county than one township, but without county organization. a ' -' organization, it shah be optional with the municipal council thereof to form portions of the townships comprising the municipality into school sections, or to establish a board of public school trustees, two members being Township Boards. ']'] elected for each ward, and if not divided into^^'^^- 53,54- wards, two for each township thereof, and such board shall possess all the powers and duties of township boards and shall also, upon the petition of at least five heads of families, provide school accommodation and a teacher for their children and others. As to the duties of trustees to provide accommodation, see section 40, sub-section 3. TOWNSHIP BOARDS. 54. At the annual meetinc^ in anv vear ofE/tabiishment O ./ y of township the school sections in a township, the question ''°"*^^- of forming a township board may be sub- mitted in each section for the decision of the meeting, and whenever in any township at any such annual meeting, two-thirds in num- ber of the school sections so decide, the council of the township shall thereupon pass a by-law to abolish the division of the town- ship into school sections, and to establish a public school board accordingly; and this shall take effect on the first day of January in the next following year, and any portion of the township forming a union, or being part of a school division with another municipality or portion thereof, shall be considered as a section in respect of the said requisite number of two-thirds of the school sections of the township. Under section 19, sub-section 2, a motion of this kind would be brought before the annual meeting under the head of miscellaneous business. 78 Public Schools Act. Sees. 54, 55, 56. Division of township into wards. Management by board. Ill order that the township board may be established, it is necessary that a resolution should be passed, which must be agreed to, not merely by a majority of the ratepayers present at each school meeting, but by a majority of the ratepayers in each of at least two-thirds of the school .sections of the township. At the close of the meeting, the secretary-treasurer in each of at least two-thirds of the school sections of the township (which desire to abolish school section boundaries and form a township school board) should transmit to the clerk of their township council a copy of the resolution passed on the subject, and request the council to form the • township into a .school municipality, as authorized by law. 55. The township council shall, in the by- law for establishing the public school board, divide the township into four wards, which shall be the same from time to time as the wards for municipal purposes, when any exist in the township, and after such by-law goes into effect, all the public schools of the town- ship shall be managed by one board of trustees. Qualifications of members. 56. At the first election, two resident rate- payers in the township shall be elected school trustees in and for each ward, one of the trustees in each ward (to be determined by lot at the first meeting of the trustees after their election) shall retire from office at the time appointed for the next annual school election, and the other shall continue in office for one year longer, and until his successor has been appointed, and shall then retire. Each trustee holds office for two years, and until hi.s Township Boards. 79 successor is ai)()ointed ; but this does not apply to those Sees. 56, 57, trustees elected at a first election, who have to retire, as ^^' ^^' above stated, at the end of the first year. After serving his full term, a person cannot be compelled to act again as trustee until after the expiry of four years after leaving oftice; but he may, with his own consent, be re-elected on his going out of office (s. 27). This privilege does not extend to a person who declines to act as trustee and pays the fine imposed for non-service (s. 194). Such a person may be elected to fill the next succeeding vacancy, but may again decline to serve, on payment of the fine, as before. The statute leaves the manner of determining by lot to the option of the board. It has been customary for the secretary-treasurer to write "one year" and "two years" on alternate slips of paper, equal in number to the number of trustees, the slip determining the period of service of the trustee drawing it. 57. The election shall take place annually T'me and ... ^ ■' manner of at the time, m the manner, and as prescribed '^'''"'°°- by this Act, for the election of trustees in towns divided into wards. See section 102 and sections 103 to 106, and remarks thereunder. 58. The trustees so elected shall be a cor- Board to be a 1 1 r ^T^, corporation. poration under the name of "The Public School Board of the Township of in the County of ." See remarks under section 7. board. 59. (i). The board (a majority of whom Powers of shall form a quorum) shall be constituted by the election of a chairman and secretary- treasurer, and shall be invested with, and possess, exercise and enjoy all the rights, So Public Schools Act. Sec. 59- property, powers and incidents, and shall be subject to the same duties and obligations as trustees in rural school sections under the provisions of this Act, as well as those of public schools in cities and towns, and in any other statute, by-law, regulation, deed, pro- ceeding, matter or thing the board shall be construed to stand and to be substituted for each and all of the trustees of the former school sections of the township. See sections 40 and 107, and remarks thereunder, as to duties of rural school trustees, and of trustees in cities, towns, and incorporated villages. Under this section, township boards are invested with and possess all the rights, property, powers, and incidents, and are subject to the same duties and obligations as trustees in rural school sections, as well as those of public schools in cities, towns, and incorporated villages ; whereas by section 97 public school boards in cities, towns, and in- corporated villages, are declared to possess simply all the powers usually possessed by corporations, so far as the same are necessary for the carrying out of the purposes of this Act, and the statutory duties imposed by section 107. accounts. (2)- The board shall, when called upon, submit their accounts, books and vouchers to the auditors of the municipality, and it shall be the duty of the municipal auditors to audit such accounts in the same way and at the same time as the municipal accounts are audited. The duties of auditors in auditing municipal accounts are prescribed by section 263 of The Consolidated Mi(?ii- dpal Act, 55 Vict., c. 42. A somewhat similar provision to above is made by sub-section 11 of section 107, which Township Boards. 8i requires the trustees of cities, towns, and incorporated Sees. 59, 60, villages to submit their accounts to the municipal auditors. See remarks under such sub-section. 60. After the Public School board is estab- Effect as to parts united. lished, the portions of the townships there- tofore united with an adjoining municipahty, or a portion thereof, shall cease to be so united on the first day of January next following the passing of the by-law for estab- lishing the township board, and in the inter- vening period between the passing of the said by-law and such first day of January a new union may be formed under the provisions of this Act, under which the said former union may be continued or another union formed, but the portion of the township in any former union shall remain liable for any rate such portion was subject to while so united, for the payment of any debt or loan, so far as the creditors or lenders thereof are concerned, and in cases where unions existing on the second day of March, 1877, are not re-formed under this Act, such unions shall continue to exist under and subject to the provisions of the Acts in force at the time of their forma- tion. 61. The township council shall, so soon as Adjustment of •^ all claims con- the by-law for establishing the Public School bolrd'be'ing board is passed, appoint the county inspector ^"*^''^''^'^" jointly with two other competent persons, not residents of the township, and they, or any two of them, shall, in a report to the council. 82 Public Schools Act. Sees. 6i, 62. ya^iue i\-^Q existing schoolhouses, school sites, and other school property in each and every section, or portions of the township, and ascertain their respective debts and liabilities; and the said arbitrators, or any two of them, shall thereupon adjust and settle, in such manner as they may deem just and equitable, the respective rights, claims and demands of each and every school section or portion of the township, and the township council shall pass a by-law, and give full effect to the report of the said arbitrators. See remarks under section 65 wiih reference to the law regarding arbitration. The other cases in which arbitration is resorted to under this Act are : where the trustees and ratepayers cannot agree as to the selection of a site for a schoolhouse (s. 65); where the owner of the land selected refuses to sell (s. 67); and where it is for the purpose of revising, determining, or altering the boundaries of a school section (s. 82, s-s. 3). Adjustment of g2. lu cascs whcrc a portion of the town- claiins in case w — » X i'ng^disun'iter" ship municipality, on the establishment of the Public School board, ceases to be united with any other municipality, or portion thereof, the council of each such municipality shall respectively appoint one competent person, who, with the inspector or inspectors having jurisdiction in the respective municipalities concerned, shall, in a report to the councils of the respective municipalities, value and adjust all rights and claims consequent upon such disunion between the respective portions of such municipalities, and determine by Township Boards. 83 what municipality or portion thereof, and in Sees. 62, 63. what manner the same shall be settled, and the disposition of the property of the union and any payment by one portion to the other, and the report of the majority of said persons shall be valid and binding ; and in cases where the persons to make this report would be an even number the County Judge shall also be added. 63. In case twenty ratepayers in more Repeal of by- •' ^ •' law and for re- than one-half of the school wards of the[?™^"ssec. township petition the township council to submit a by-law to the vote of the rate- payers of the township for the repeal of the by-law under which the Public School board was established, but not until after the township board has existed for five years at least, a by-law shall be submitted to such vote accordingly, and the proceedings shall be in conformity with The ATiinicipal Act^ except Rev.stat.,c. 184. that the vote shall not be by ballot ; and in case in the majority of such wards the majority of the votes are for such repeal, the township council shall pass a by-law to dis- establish such Public School board, and form school sections instead thereof; but no repeal shall take effect until the first day of the month of January next following, which will be more than three months after the voting upon the by-law for that purpose ; and the council shall also, in the same or another by- law, appoint the county inspector jointly with 84 Public Schools Act. Sec. 63. two other competent persons, not residents of the township, and they or any two of them shall, in a report to the council, value the schoolhouses, school sites, and other school property which may thereupon become the property of such school section, and shall also adjust and settle the respective rights and claims consequent on such repeal between the respective school sections, or between any school section and the township, and all pay- ments to be made by or to any of them. The plain meaning of this section is that, after the township public school board has existed for five years at least, the submission of a by-law for the repeal of the by- law under which that board was established may be required at any time, upon the presentation of a properly- signed petition therefor. The by-law establishing the township board may be attacked with a view to its repeal again and again, so long as the agitation against it subsists. (Re Public School Board of the Township of Tuckersniith, 16 O.R. 604.) The advantages of a township school board may be briefly summarized as follows : (i) Convenience. — Under a township board system, all school section boundaries are abolished. Every ratepayer has, therefore, the right to send his children to any school most convenient to him in the township, as he prefers. Under the school section system, he can only send to the school of the section for the support of which he pays rates, although the schoolhouse of an adjoining school section may be more convenient to him than his own, in point of distance, and be taught by a more efficient teacher. (2) Econotny of time and money. — Under a township school board, the local divisions would be consolidated and practically enlarged ; and schools would be placed only at convenient distances from each other, and in such Township Boards. 85 localities as required tliem. Thus, a township requiring Sees. 63, 64. under the section system fifteen or twenty schools could have these schools so placed as to be able to do with one or two less in the aggregate. Thus, the expense of one or more schools could be saved, besides the expense of frequently collecting rates by trustees ; and instead of requiring the time and attention of forty-five or sixty trustees, with their collectors, etc., to manage these schools, five could do it just as efificiently with the township treasurer and collector. (3) Better teachers. — -Under a township board, the schools can be classified, and each locality can claim and insist upon an equally ef^cient teacher, according to the status of the school and the wants of the inhabitants. (4) Educational inequalities removed. — -Under the school section system, hardly two schools in a township are equally efficient. Each school corporation has its own standard, which varies more or less in every section. Under a township board, with a single standard, aided by the supervision of the inspector, the existing inequalities could be removed, and each school brought up to a uniform standard of excellence. (5) Competitive examinations, instead of being the ex- ception in a township, would be the rule under a township board. At present these most useful examinations are rarely held, and only as desired by individuals. As there are no means of removing defects in individual school management, should any be discovered by these examina- tions they fail in producing any permanent salutary effect ; but it would be otherwise under a township board, as part of its duty would be to ascertain the defects, which would be made apparent by a system of competitive examination of all the schools in a township at stated intervals, and remedy them. RURAL SCHOOL SITES. 64. Before any steps are taken by the New sites, trustees for securing a site on which to erect a new schoolhouse or for changing the site of 86 Public Schools Act. Sec. 64. a schoolhouse they shall call a special meeting of the ratepayers of the section to consider the site selected by them ; and no site shall be adopted or change of school site made except in the manner hereinafter provided, without the consent of the majority of such special meeting. The question of school site comes up for consideration in a school section on the establishment of a new school section ; on the change of site in an old section ; and on the enlargement of an existing site. In the latter case only- can the trustees act without the concurrence of the rate- payers (s. 74). The powers formerly exercised under the above section, before its amendment, for securing a site have been ex- tended to embrace those cases in which a change of site of an existing schoolhouse is desired. A board of school trustees cannot, without a reference to the freeholders of their section, select and purchase the site for the school- house, and impose a rate therefor. ( Orr v. Ranne)\, 12 Q-B. 377-) As regards the securing of a school site, when a meeting ha^ been duly called and a site selected, it is quite compe- tent for a second meeting to change the site so selected with the consent of the necessary majority. The first choice is not final as to change, and there is no limitation that a change can only be made when a new set of trustees have been elected, or till the next municipal year. ( Wallace et al. V. The Board of Public School Trustees for Union School Section No. g of the Township of Lobo et al., 11 O.R. 648.) The reason of the school section meeting being called should be set out in the notice calling the meeting, as it is doubtful whether the concurrence of the freeholders and householders required to enable the trustees to call upon the council of their municipality to levy money for the purchase of a school site can be expressed at the annual school meeting without notice that the question will there Rural School Sites. 87 be brought up. (lit re Taber and the Corporation of the Sees. 64, 65. Township of Scarborough, 20 Q.B. 549.) Where a board of school trustees passed a resolution professing to adopt a permanent site for the school, and the resolution was confirmed at a special meeting of the rate- payers duly called, these proceedings were held not to pre- vent a change of site in a subsequent year. (Malcolm v. Malcolm, 15 Chy. 13.) And where school trustees selected a new site for a schoolhouse, and at a special meeting of the ratepayers duly called those present rejected the site so selected and chose another, but neither party named an arbitrator, it was held that an arbitrator might be appointed by the ratepayers at a subsequent meeting. (lb.) As it is contrary to the rule of our courts, in dealing with persons who have not acted properly, to punish them more severely than justice to others renders necessary, relief will only be granted to a ratepayer who complains of the act of trustees wrongfully expending money in building on a site which has been changed by competent authority, subject to equitable terms and conditions. (lb.) The meeting contemplated under this section is called to pass upon two matters: (i) whether the trustees shall secure a site, or there shall be a change of site ; and, if so, (2) whether the proposed new site is acceptable. It is desir- able to have these special matters presented free from all other questions that might divert the attention and distract the vote of the ratepayers. The special meeting is called for a special purpose, and that purpose should be so pre- sented to the ratepayers assembled that there should be no peradventure as to what was the thing agreed upon by the majority. Should it not be so presented, it is the business of any ratepayer present to object to the way in which the question is being submitted, or have complaint made to the inspector under section 32. (McGugan v. School Board of Southwold, 17 O.R. 248.) 65. In case a majority of the ratepayers when^u-ustees present at such special meeting differ as to '^'^^^'■^^- Award SS Public Schools Act. Sec. 65. ^\^Q suitability of the site selected by the trustees, each party shall then and there choose an arbitrator, and the county in- spector, or, in case of his inability to act, any person appointed by him to act on his behalf, shall be a third arbitrator ; and such three arbitrators, or a majority of them present at any lawful meeting, shall have authority to make and publish an award upon the matter or matters submitted to them. The special meeting called under the previous section should therefore not adjourn, in case of a difference of opinion on the selection or change of a school site, without appointing arbitrators. (Willia)ns v. School Trustees of Plympton, 7 C.P. 559.) Any one who can contract can submit matters in dis- pute to arbitration. Either a friend or enemy, or a person having an interest in the cause, may be chosen. Persons unimpeachable on the score of interest or capacity should, if possible, be chosen, and no arbitrator should act as the partisan of the persons appointing him. He should divest himself of all prejudice. The principle laid down by s. 396 (i) of The Consolidated Municipal Act, that "no member, officer, or person in the employment of any corporation which is concerned or interested in any arbitration, nor any person so interested, shall be appointed or act as an arbi- trator in any case of arbitration under this Act," should be followed. If an arbitrator acts corruptly, or with manifest partiality, or colludes with one of the parties, the award is bad. All the arbitrators should be chosen before proceed- ing to the arbitration, except where otherwise provided (as in the case of a school site). Notification in writing to the person chosen, and acceptance by him of the office, are necessary to complete the appointment. Where there is an odd number of arbitrators, a majority decides all matters submitted to them ; but where the number appointed is two, four, etc., who are equally divided in their opinions. Arbitration and Award. 8g any person who may be selected as umpire has the sole Sec. 65. right to determine the points of difference, and make the award. The inspector is, ^.v officio, umpire in cases where he and another arbitrator only are present. In arbitrations under the school law, the directions of the statute should be strictly complied with. Reasonable notice of a meeting must be given to each arbitrator. If one or more be absent, the meeting should be adjourned for about ten days, and notice of another meeting again sent to each arbitrator (s. 70). At the subsequent meeting two arbitrators can act without their colleague, and make and publish an award. It is the duty of arbitrators to hear evidence on both sides; one witness may be excluded while the other is being examined. They are the judges of the admissibility of evidence so far as the competency of the witness is con- cerned. If parties to the arbitration and their witnesses, who are duly notified, do not attend, the arbitrators can proceed, ex parte, and decide according to the best evidence before them. Where evidence is received, however, it should always be taken in the presence of the parties to the reference, or some one attending on their behalf. Before closing, the arbitrators should receive all the evidence tendered on both sides, and should take notes of it. An arbitrator cannot delegate his power ; but, if he obtains the opinion of professional men, he may adopt it as his own. He may, however, delegate purely ministerial acts, such as to go from one place to another, to obtain certain definite information, or estimate the value of some specific work performed ; but he cannot direct any person to commit a trespass. If no time be fixed, an award should be made and published within three months from the time of the submission. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 83, s. 42.) The time for making an award may, however, be enlarged; but the award may be made before the time to which the arbitrators have enlarged. (Tracey v. Hodgest, 7 Q.B. 5.) After the expiration of the time limited, arbitrators cannot, without (even if they can with) the concurrence of both go Public Schools Act. Sec. 65. parties to the submission, make a binding award. (Ruthven V. Ruthven, 8 Q.B. 12.) But where an arbitrator failed, owing to the loss of the papers in the cause, to make his award within the time limited, a judge extended the time. (Johtison V. Angiifi, 5 P.R. 62.) All awards should be in writing, as under section 404 of The Consolidated Aliinicipal Act, and should be signed in the presence of an attesting witness. Where there are two or more arbitrators, all (or the majority, if all be not present) must execute the award at the same time and place, and in the presence of each other. It is not desirable that the solicitor of either party should draw up the award. ( Matiley v. A?iderson, 2 P.R. 354.) An award, however, may be made and published orally. An award is made when all the arbitrators have signed it. From the time 1 the arbitrators have made their award, their authority ceases. They cannot afterwards make any correction or \ alteration, even of manifest errors. (Irvine v. Elnoti, ^ 8 East. 54 ; Ward v. Dean, 3 B. & Ad. 234 ; Re Hall v. Hinds, 2 M. & G. 847 ; Brooke v. Mitchell, 6 M. & W. 473.) It must be done by the signers, and with the consent of the parties to the reference. An award is published when it is sent to either or both of the parties concerned, or notice is sent to them that it is ready to be delivered. It should be delivered on the day fixed, and then the fees and other expenses on it are payable. Any kind of words may be used in an award ; but it should be definite, con- clusive, and final on all the points submitted. Arbitrators are not required to give reasons for their award, nor are they answerable for want of skill in performing their duties ; but an arbitrator may be called as a witness to prove facts which occurred or came under his notice during the reference. The parties to an arbitration have a right to the arguments, experience, and judgment of each arbitrator, at every stage of the proceedings. (Martin v. Kergan, 2 P.R. 370.) The costs of the arbitration should be fixed by the arbitrators, and mentioned in the award (s. 72); but if the award says nothing about them, each party pays his own Arbitration and Award. gi costs of reference, and the costs of the award are to be Sec. 65. borne equally. (Gleti v. Grand Trunk Railway, 2 P.R. 377.) An award is bad, and may be set aside, when it is uncertain and not final (In re Ktiowhen v. Inglis, 7 L.J. 124; deal V. Elliott, i C.P. 252; Bernard v. Strachan, 2 Q.B. 128; Shaw V. Morton, 13 C.P. 223 ; Harrington v. Edison, 10 Q.B. 114; Kemp v. Henderson, 10 Chy. 34; Beatty v. Mcintosh, 4 Q.B. 259 ; Great Western R. W. Co. V. Hunt, 12 Q.B. 124; In re Great Western R.W. Co. v. laderonte, i P.R. 243; Boiven v. Saniis, 2 P.R. 76; Dawson v. Murray, 29 Q.B. 464) ; or when it contains a mistake on the face of it, or is repugnant ( McMannon v. McElderry, H.T. 6 Vict.; Dennison v. Sandford, 3 O.S. 379; Shaver V. Scott, 5 O.S. 575); orwhen the proceedings are irregular, or there is improper conduct on the part of the arbitrators in the reception or rejection of evidence (Hamilton v. Wilson, 4 O.S. 19; Van Egmond v. Jones, 4 O.S. iig; Campbell v. Boulton, i Q.B. 407 ; Davis v. Birdsall, 2 Q.B. 199; Williams v. Roblin, 2 P.R. 234; McNulty \\ Jobson, 2 P.R. 119; Waters v. Z^^/j', 2 P.R. 202 ; Hickman v. Lawson, 8 Chy. 386 ; Whitely v. J/^- Mahon, 32 C.P. 453 ; i?^ Ferris and Eyre, 18 O.R. 395) ; or where there is corruption or collusion on the part of the arbitrators (Jekyll v. Wade, 8 Chy. 363 ; Re Lawson and Hutchinson, 19 Chy. 84; Pardee \. Lloyd, 26 Chy. 374; Herring and Napanee, Tamworth and Quebec R. W. Co., 5 O.R. 349) ; or where there is fraud or concealment of material evidence (Grisdale v. Boulto?i, 1 Q.B. 407; In re McMullen and Tayley, 2 Q.B. 175 ; In re Bull v. Bull, 6 Q.B. 357 ; Hickman v. Lawsoti, 8 Chy. 386) ; or where the award cannot be acted upon (Ryland v. King et al., 12 C.P. 198 ; Vance v. King et al., 21 Q.B., 187.) As a general rule, where two parties have a difference upon any matter of business, and refer it to arbitration, they may afterwards agree upon the matter on which they had differed, and so may render it unnecessary that any award should be made. By the common law either party might, before the award made, revoke the submission. There have been restrictions placed by statute (R.S.O., 92 Public Schools Act. Sees. 65, 66, 1SS7, c. 5, s. 16) upon this right of one party to revoke ^' without the concurrence of the other, but it would be most unreasonable and inconvenient to hold that both the parties may not come to a settlement of their dispute, and so dispense with the necessity for the arbitrators proceeding. (ViXfice V. King et al., 21 Q.B. 187.) f^ormerly, in case either party refused or neglected to appoint an arbitrator, no arbitration could be had, unless the appointment of an arbitrator was compelled by mandamus. (Corporation of the Township of Toronto v. McBride et aL, 29 Q.B. 13.) This is now provided against by section 68 (q.v.). The fees of the arbitrators are fixed by section 161(1); but in no case have arbitrators the power to fix their own fees. (McCuIloch v. White, 33 Q.B. 331.) Reconsidera- 66. With the consent, or at the request of tion of award. . . . - ... the parties to the reference, the arbitrators, or a majority of them, shall have authority, within one month from the date of their award, to reconsider such award and within two months thereafter to make and publish a second award, which award (or the previous one, if not reconsidered by the arbitrators) shall be binding upon all parties concerned for at least five years from the date thereof. When owner 67. If the owncr of the land selected for a refuses to sell. new school site, or required for the enlarge- ment of school premises, refuses to sell the same, or demands therefor a price deemed unreasonable by the trustees of any section, then such owner and the trustees shall each forthwith appoint an arbitrator, and the arbitrators thus appointed, together with the inspector, or in case of his inability to act, Arbitration and Award. 93 any person appointed by him on his behalf as ^^^^- ^7. 68. third arbitrator, or any two of them, shall appraise the damages for such land. The provisions of the law with regard to the compulsory sale of school sites are twofold, and must not be con- founded. The above section refers to " land selected for a new school site," and section 74 to the selection of land for enlarging existing school premises. In both these cases the trustees can demand an arbitration, should the necessity for so doing arise (supra and s. 76). In the first case, the owner can lawfully refuse to sell or submit to arbitration, when the site selected is within " a hundred yards of his garden, orchard, pleasure ground, or dwelling- house " (s. 73) ; but where the trustees simply wish to enlarge their existing school premises the owner has only a restricted right, which does not prevent the trustees from enlarging the school site existing to the required dimen- sions, if it be absolutely necessary. 68. If the majority of the school trustees, Appointment oi 1 •• ri-.iTr-'ii • arbitrators; or the majority (Ji a Public bchool meeting, their powers. neglect or refuse, where there is a difference in regard to the selection of a school site, to appoint an arbitrator, as provided in this Act, or if the owner of land selected as a school site, neglects or refuses to appoint an arbitrator, it shall be competent for the in- spector with the arbitrator appointed, to meet and determine the matter ; and the inspector in case of such refusal or neglect, shall have a second or casting vote if he and the arbitrator appointed do not agree. Previous to the passing of this section, if either party refused or neglected to appoint an arbitrator, no arbitration could be had, unless such appointment was compelled by 94 Public Schools Act. Sees. 68, 69. mandamus. (Corporation of the Township of Torojito v. McBride, 29 Q.B. 13.) This section confers upon the in- spector the power to make such appointment, in case the necessity arises as above for so doing. Additional 69. (i). The arbitrators aforesaid, or any powers of arbitrators. ^^y^ q{ them, shall havc the power to settle all claims or rights of incumbrancers, lessees, tenants, or other persons, as well as those of the owner, in respect of the land required for the purpose of the school site, upon notice in writing to every such claimant, and after hearing and determining his claims or rights. The interest of a tenant at will, as well as that of the landlord or other person entitled to a limited interest, must all be considered and dealt with by the arbitrators before the compulsory sale of the property can be completed. And where, in proceeding to select a site for a public schoolhouse, no notice of the proceeding to arbitrate upon the question of compensation was given to a lessee in possession of the property selected, and in consequence he did not name an arbitrator, neither did he attend before nor take any notice of the arbitration, and the arbitrators, in fact, did not take into consideration the value of his interest, neither did they find that such interest was not of any value, the Court declared that his interest had not been affected by the arbitration. (Joh?ison v. The Trustees of Public School Section No. i in the Toivnship of Howard^ 26 Chy. 204.) For form of notice by arbitrators to claimants, see Fortn 2j, Appendix A. Taking land. (2). Upou thc tcndcr of payment of the amount of such damage to the owner or other person entitled thereto, or to any part of such Arbitration and Award. 95 amount, by the school trustees, the land shall ^«"- ^9- 7°. be taken and used for the purpose aforesaid. If there is any encumbrance or encumbrances against the land chosen, or against any portion thereof, the trustees should retain out of the amount to be paid to the owner a sum sufficient to satisfy and discharge such encum- brance; otherwise they will be responsible to the encum- brancer or encumbrancers. They have, however, their recourse against the party to whom the compensation is paid, in the event of their not retaining a sufficient amount to satisfy the encumbrance (s. 79). 70. If only a maiority of the arbitrators Proceedings , . . where an arbi- appointed to decide any case arising under '"'°'''^^^'^"' the authority of this Act are present at any lawful meeting, in consequence of the neglect or the refusal of the other arbitrator to meet them, it shall be competent for those present to make and publish an award upon the matter or matters submitted to them, or to adjourn the meeting for any period not ex- ceeding ten days, and give the absent arbitrator notice of the adjournment. If the award is made at the adjourned meeting without such notice being sent to the absent arbitrator, it would be invalid. (Martin v. Kergan^ 2 P.R. 370; In re the Cor- poration of the City of Toronto and Leak, 23 Q.B. 223.) 71. Any award for a school site made and^ward tocon- ■' _ _ stitute title. published under this Act, if there be no con- veyance, shall thereafter be deemed to be the title of the trustees to the land mentioned in it, and shall be a good title thereto against all persons interested in the property in any manner whatever, and shall be registered in 96 Public Schools Act. Sees. 71, 72, (-jig proper registry office on the affidavit of the secretary-treasurer of the board of trustees verifying the same. A similar provision is made with regard to high school sites by section 21 of The High Schools Act, i8gi. For form of affidavit, see Form 24, Appendix A. Cost of arbitr.- 72, The partics concerned in all such dis- putes shall pay all the expenses incurred in them, according to the award or decision of the arbitrators. The costs of the arbitration should be fixed by the arbitrators and mentioned in the award ; for, if the aw^ard says nothing about them, each party pays his own costs of reference, and the costs of the award are to be borne equally. (Gleti v. Gratid Trunk R.W. Co., 2 P.R. 377.) It would perhaps be competent for the parties interested in the reference to request the arbitrators, under the authority of section 66, to reconsider the question of costs in case the same were not mentioned in the award. s^chooui"e°^ 73. A school sitc shall not be selected in a township within a hundred yards of the garden, orchard, pleasure ground, or dwelling- house of the owner of the site without his consent. This is an additional statutory requisite required in the case of the selection of new sites in a township (see remarks under section 67), and is not prescribed by the Depart- mental Regulations. wbooP^sue'" °^ 74. Where the area of a school site is less than is recjuired by the regulations of the Education Department the trustees may, without reference to a special meeting of the Rural School Sites. 97 ratepayers, enlarj^e the same, but no sucli Sees. 74, 75. enlargement shall be made in the direction of, or including an orchard, garden or dwelling- house, without the consent of the owner of the land required, unless the school site can- not be otherwise enlarged. See remarks under section 67. 75. All corporations and persons whatever, who may con- vey school sites. tenants in tail or tor life, guardians, executors, administrators, and all other trustees what- soever, not only for and on behalf of them- selves, their heirs and successors, but also for and on behalf of those they represent, whether infants, issue unborn, lunatics, idiots, femes- coverts, or other person, seised, possessed of or interested in any land, may contract for, sell or convey all or part thereof to school trustees for a school site or an addition to the school site, or for a teacher's residence ; and any contract, agreement, sale, conveyance and assurance so made shall be valid and effectual to all intents and purposes whatso- ever ; and the corporations or persons so con- veying are hereby indemnified for what they respectively do by virtue of or in pursuance of this Act. This section protects trustees, executors, administrators, and guardians from the consequences of any act which would be outside the powers conferred upon them by the instrument appointing them, provided such act comes within the scope of above section. 98 Public Schools Act. owner. Sees. 76, 77. 76_ If the owner of land duly selected for ofTbslnceor'the Said purpose is absent from the county in which the land lies, or is unknown, the trustees may procure from a sworn surveyor a certificate that he is not interested in the matter; that he knows the land and that some certain sum therein named is, in his opinion, a fair compensation for the same ; and on filing the said certificate with the Judge of the County Court of the county in which the land lies, accompanied by an affidavit or affidavits which satisfy the Judge that the owner is absent from the county and that, after diligent enquiry, he cannot be found, the Judge may order a notice to be inserted for such time as he sees fit in some newspaper published in the county ; and he may in addition thereto, order a notice to be sent to any person by mail, or may direct service of the same to be effected in such other way as he sees fit. The surveyor mentioned in tliis section must be duly authorized to practise as a surveyor according to the provisions of the Act respecting Land Surveyors and the Survey of Lands, as any other person is h'able to a penalty of $40. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 152, s. 2.) For forms of certificate, affidavit, and notice, see Forms 25, 26, and 27, Appendix A. Wh^i notice shall contain Arbitrators. 77. The notice shall contain a short description of the land, and a declaration of the readiness of the trustees to pay the sum certified as aforesaid ; shall give the name of a person to be appointed as the arbitrator of the trustees if their offer of that sum is not Rural School Sites. 99 accepted; shall name the time within which ^ecs. 77, 73, 79- the offer is to be accepted, or an arbitrator named by the owner; and shall contain any other particulars which the County Judge may direct. For form of notice, see Form 27, Appendix A. 78. If within such time as the Tudsfe^"'^^'''"*y J O appoint directs, the owner does not notify the trustees ^'''''"^'°'' of the acceptance of the sum offered by them, or notify to them the name of a person whom he appoints as arbitrator, the Judge shall, on the application of the trustees, appoint a sworn surveyor to be sole arbitrator for deter- mining the compensation to be paid for the property. See remarks under section 76 as to the qualification of the surveyor. 79. Where land is taken by the trustees Responsibility -' of trustees as to Without the consent of the owner, the com-''""'^''"*'"'""- pensation to be paid therefor shall stand in the stead of the land ; and after the trustees have taken possession of land any claim to, or incumbrance upon the same or any portion thereof, shall as against the trustees, be con- verted into a claim to the compensation or to a proportion thereof, and the trustees shall be responsible accordingly whenever they have paid such compensation or any part thereof to a party not entitled to receive the same, saving always their recourse against such party. See remarks under section 69 (2). loo Public Schools Act. Sees. 80, 81. 80. If the trustees have reason to fear any cSmbrlnce!"' claims ov iiicumbrance, or if any party to whom the compensation or any part thereof is payable refuses to execute the proper con- veyance, or if the party entitled to claim the same cannot be found or is unknown to the trustees, or if for any other reason the trustees deem it advisable, they may pay the arbitra- Depositof tion and other expenses, and deposit the ccmpensation ■■■ ^ .nioney. amount of the compensation with the Hif];h Court, or in such other manner as the in- spector may direct, with interest thereon for six months, and may deliver therewith an authentic copy of the conveyance, or of the agreement or award if there be no convey- ance ; and such agreement or award shall thereafter be deemed to be the title of the trustees to the land therein mentioned, and shall be a good title thereto against all persons interested in the property in any Award to be manner whatever, and shall be registered in registered. _ -^ the proper registry office on an affidavit of the secretary-treasurer of the board of trustees verifying the same. See Holmested and Laiigtons Judicature Act, Con. Rules 163 to 171, as to the mode of paying money into Court. ALTER.\TION OF SCHOOL BOUNDARIES. Powers of town- gl. Everv township council shall have ship councils. ■' ^ power, Union of exist- (i). To pass bv-laws to unite two or more in(! sections. '■ •' sections in the same township into one, in Alteration of School Boundaries. ioi case, at a public meetin^^ in each section See. 8i. called by the trustees or inspector for that purpose, a majority of the ratepayers present at each of such meetings request to be united. The requirements of The Consolidated Municipal Act as to the formal manner in which every council shall exercise its powers are of a general character, and apply to the action of township councils in making territorial changes for school purposes. The powers of the municipal corporation are to be exercised by by-law when not other- wise authorized or provided for, and this by-law is to be under the corporate seal, signed by the head and by the clerk of the corporation; otherwise it is invalid. (55 Vict., c. 42, ss. 282, 288 ; Holt et al. v. The Corporation of the Township of Medonte et al, 22 O.R., at p. 305.) The division of school sections is a very important part of the work of government which is entrusted to municipalities, involving the exercise of legislative powers, as to which the conclusion of the council should be embodied in a by-law by the very terms of this section. And legislative duties such as this must be performed by by-law. (Croft v. The Toivn Council of Peterboroitgh, 5 C.P. 35 ; Harrison's Municipal Manual, fifth edition, pp. 209 and 523.) The by-law defining the limits of the united sections should set out such limits intelligibly; for, if the boundaries are indefinite and fluctuating, the by-law is invalid. (Haacke v. The Municipality of Markham, 17 Q.B. 562; /;/ re Simmo7is and the Corporation of the Township of Chatham, 21 Q.B. 275.) If the by-law is invalid, the proper parties against whom an action should be brought to have the by-law set aside for such invalidity are the township corporation and the individual members of the proposed new school board. ( IVallace v. The Board of Public School Trustees of Lobo, II O.R. 648; Holt et al. v. The Corporation of the Toivnship of Medonte et al., 22 O.R. 302.) But the Court will refuse to quash a by-law where o sect 102 Public Schools Act. Sec. 8i. there is delay in making the application. (Hill v. The Municipality of Tecumseth, 6 C.P. 297 ; Cotter v. Darlington, II C.P. 265.) The trustees have power under sub-section 11 of section 40 to call the meetings required by this section, and the notice sent out by them should specify the reason for calling the meeting. (In re Taber and the Corporation of the Township of Scarborough, 20 Q.B. 549.) (2). To alter the boundaries of a school Alteration, etc., . . f school section, or divide an existing^ section into two ections. ' "^ or more sections, or to unite portions of an existing section with another section, or with any new section, in case it clearly appears that all persons to be affected by the proposed alteration, division or union respectively, have been duly notified, in such manner as the council may deem expedient, of the proposed proceeding for this purpose, or of any applica- tion made to the council to do so. See Haacke v. The Municipality of Markham, 17 Q.B. 562, and /;/ re Simmons and the Corporation of the Toivn- ship of Chatham, 21 Q.B. 275, cited under previous sub- section. The mode and sufficiency of the notice seems to be in the discretion of the township council ; but in Holt v. The Corporation of the Toivnship of Medonte, cited above, it was argued that a letter sent by the township clerk to, and received by, the secretary-treasurer of a school section, that the former's council intended at their next meeting, to be held five days after the receipt of such letter, considering the advisability of passing a by-law for the purpose of dividing the school section, was an insufficient notice. And a notice given by the trustees of a section from which certain lots were taken by an alteration to the trustees of the section to which such lots were added has been held to be insufficient. (Patterson and The Corporation of the Alteration of School Boundaries. 103 Township of Hope, 30 Q.B. 484.) And where a union Sec. 81. school section has been formed, consisting of part of a section in one municipahty and part of a section in anotlier, and the former municipahty pass a by-law defining the limits of the former section and bringing it entirely within their municipality, excluding that part of the section in the latter municipality which had belonged to it, the objection of a ratepayer of the latter municipality that no notice has been given to those persons affected in the former municipality would have no effect. (Iti re Ness and the Municipality of Saltfleet, 13 Q.B. 408.) And it would seem that no notice need be given to any persons in the latter municipality. (Ii>-) Before any alteration can be made in the limits of a school section, notice must be given to the parties inter- ested in the proposed alteration ; otherwise the by-law is liable to be quashed. (Griffiths v. Municipality of Grant- ham, 6 C.P. 274; Shaiv et al. and the Corporation of the Township of Manners, 19 Q.B. 288; In re Ness and the Municipality of Saltfleet, 13 Q.B. 408; /// re Isaac and the Municipality of Euphrasia, 17 Q.B. 205.) It is not neces- sary to recite in the by-law that the requisite notice has been given. (In re Ness and the Municipality of Saltfleet, 13 Q.B. 408.) A municipality may alter the boundaries of school sec- tions, not being union school sections, within their townships, by taking from one and adding to another without any previous request of the ratepayers, and notwithstanding their disapprobation of the change, provided that those affected by the alteration have notice of the intention to make it. (In re ley a?id the Municipality of Clarke, 1 3 Q-B. 433) An alteration in the boundaries of a school section does not make it necessary to call a school section meeting and appoint new trustees. ( Chief Superintendent, In re Trustees Section 2, Township of Moore v. McRae, 12 Q.B. 525.) For form of notice by township council of its intention to alter the boundaries of a public school section, see Form 28, Appendix A. sections. 104 Public Schools Act. Sec^si. z^), Anv such by-law shall not be passed auerlne^schooi latcF thai! the first day of May in any year, and shall not take effect before the 25th day of December next thereafter, and shall remain in force, unless set aside as hereinafter pro- vided, for a period of five years. The town- ship clerk shall transmit forthwith a copy of such by-law and minutes relating thereto to the trustees of every school section affected thereby, and to the Public School inspector. That part of a divided or altered section in which the schoolhouse continues to be situated is held to be the old or original section. The trustees who live in the old part remain the lawful trustees of the section, and only go out of office on the expiration of their term of trusteeship. Those only who, by the alteration of the section, are placed outside the new boundaries, and thus become non-residents, become disqualified (s. 15), and cease to be trustees when the altera- tion takes effect. As a general rule, it is scarcely worth while to anticipate the annual meeting and elect a trustee or trustees in the place of the one or more who may cease to hold office on the 25th of December, by reason of non- residence, caused by their being placed outside the bound- aries as explained above. The remaining trustee or trus- tees in the section (as well as the secretary-treasurer or inspector) can give notice of the annual school meeting. Should, however, an election be held before the annual meeting, the trustee elected at such election only holds his seat for the residue of the term for which his predecessor could hold office (s, 104), and another election must be held at the annual meeting on the last Wednesday in December to fill up the usual vacancy caused by the retir- ing trustee (s. 17). It is not necessary that the by-law should state on its face that the alteration shall not go into effect till the 25th December following the passing thereof. ( Cotter v. Darling- ion, II C.P. 265.) It is only necessary that the alteration Alteration of School Boundaries. 105 should not go into effect before that date. (In re Ness a/id^^c^- 81, 82. Saltflcet, 13 Q.B. 408; /// re Isaac and Euphrasia^ 17 Q.B. 205.) An alteration in the boundaries of a school section does not make it necessary to call a school section meeting and appoint new trustees. (Chief Superintendent, In re Trustees Section 2, Tcnvnship of Moore v. McRae, 12 Q.B. 525; Chief Superintendent, In re Gill and Jackson et al., 14 Q.B. 119.) But when a neiv section is formed from part of one section and the whole of another, it seems that it is neces- sary to hold an election at the usual time for the election of trustees for the new section. (McGregor v. Pratt, 6 C.P. I73-) And one or more alterations in the boundaries of a school section, or the change of ownership of land in the section by many of the ratepayers originally liable, does not relieve the trustees from the responsibility of paying a just debt .due by the original section before any such alteration was made. (Scott v. The School Trustees of Burgess and Bat hurst, 21 C.P. 398.) And notwithstanding any alteration which may be made in the boundaries of any school section, the taxable pro- perty situated in the school section at the time when a loan for the purchase of a school site or sites, or for the erection of a schoolhouse or houses, or any addition thereto, or for the purchase or erection of a teacher's residence, was effected shall continue to be liable for the rate which may be levied by the township council for the repayment of the loan (s. 115, s-s. 4). As to mode of setting aside by-law, see next section. 82. (I). A majority of the trustees, or any Appeal to •' -^ -' county council. five ratepayers of any one or more of the school sections concerned, may within twenty days, by notice filed in the office of the county clerk, appeal to the county council of the county in which such section or sections are situated, against any by-law of the township io6 PuBi.ic Schools Act. Sec. 82. council for the formation, division, union or alteration of their school section or school sections, or against the neglect or refusal of the township council, on application being made to it by the trustees, or any five rate- payers concerned to alter the boundaries of a school section or school sections within the township. See as to the retrospective effect of this section, Re Proper and the Corporation of the Township of Oakland, 34 Q.B. 266. For form of appeal to a county council under this sec- tion, see Fortn ^2, Appendix .\. (2). The time herein mentioned for appeal shall run from the date of the by-law com- plained of, or from the date of the meeting at which the council refused to pass such by-law, or from the first meeting after which notice was received from the clerk of the application of the trustees or ratepayers asking for such by-law to be passed as the case may be. Appointment of (o). The couuty council may, if it thinks fit, arbitrators. . . appoint as arbitrators not more than five, or less than three, competent persons, two of whom shall be the County Judge, or some person named by him, and the county in- spector, and a majority of whom shall form a quorum to hear such appeal and to revise, determine or alter the boundaries of the school section or school sections, so far as to settle the matters complained of; but the alterations or determination of the said matters shall not Altkration of School Boundaries. 107 take effect before the 25th day of December ^^^s. 82,83. in the year in which the arbitrators so decide, and shall thence continue in full force for the period of five years at least, and until law- fully changed by the township council. As to the latter part of this section, see remarks as to election of a trustee or trustees under sub-section 3 of section 81. (4). No person shall be competent to act as who may not '/ ^ _ ^ act as ailiitra- arbitrator, who is a member of the township "°''- council, or who was a member at the time at which the council passed or refused or neglected to pass the by-law or resolution. Should such a person act, the by-law is liable to be quashed. An arbitrator should be impartial. If corrupt conduct on the part of an arbitrator be shown, his award will be set aside. (Tittensen v. Peat, 3 A. & R. 529 ; Earle v. Stacker, 2 Vern. 251 ; Burton v. Knight, id., 514; Morgan v. Mather, 2 Ves. 15 ; Lonsdale v. Littledale, 2 Ves. 451 ; Emery v. Wase, 5 Ves. 846; Clarke v. Stoeken, 2 Bing, N.C. 651.) But mere suspicion of misconduct is not enough. (Cross/eyv. Clay, 5 C.B. 581.) (5). Due notice of the alterations or the Notice, determination of the said matters made by the arbitrators shall be given by the inspector to the clerk of the township and to the trustees of the school sections concerned. For form of notice, see Form jo, Appendix A. 83. On the formation, dissolution, division Arfjustment of claims between or alteration of any school section in t]ie"o"i°n"shi'p.'''"'^ same township, in case the trustees of the io8 Public Schools Act. Sees. S3. 34. sections interested are unable to agree, the county inspector and two other persons appointed by the township council as arbitra- tors shall value and adjust in an equitable manner all rights and claims consequent upon such formation, division, dissolution or altera- tion between the respective portions of the township affected, and determine in what manner and by what portion or by whom the same shall be settled ; and the determination of the said arbitrators or any two of them shall be final and conclusive. Disposal of 84. In case a school site or schoolhouse or school property • 1 • wame".°' othcr school property is no longer required m a section, in consequence of the alteration or the union of school sections, the same shall be disposed of, in such a manner as a majority of the ratepayers in the altered or united school sections may decide at a public meeting called for that purpose; and the ratepayers transferred from one school section to another shall be entitled, for the Public School pur- poses of the section to which they are attached, to such a proportion of the proceeds of the sale of such schoolhouse or other Public School property as the assessed value of their property bears to that of the other ratepayers of the school section from which they have been separated; and the residue of such proceeds shall be applied to the erection of a new schoolhouse in the old school section, or to other Public School purposes of such old Union School Sixtions. 109 section. In the case of united sections, the ^^'^^^ 84.85. proceeds of the sale shall be applied to the like Public School purposes of such united sections. For form of deed, see Form ji, Appendix A. UNION SCHOOL SECTIONS. 85. All school sections existin'• j between ('- dissolve, lies wholly within a county the trustees or any five ratepayers in the territory or union section concerned, or the inspector or inspectors, may within one month after the making thereof appeal in writing to the county council against any award made by the arbi- trators either for the formation, alteration or dissolution of such section, or against the neglect or refusal of the township council or councils concerned to appoint arbitrators, as provided in section 87 of this Act, and on receipt of such appeal the county council shall have power to appoint not more than three arbitrators, who shall neither be ratepayers in the territory or school section concerned, nor members of the municipal councils concerned, and such arbitrators shall have all the powers of arbitrators appointed under section 87, and the decision of a majority of them shall be final and conclusive. The first meeting of such arbitrators shall be called by the county clerk. For form of appeal to a county council under this sec- tion, see Form 2p, Appendix A ; and for form of notice of the decision of the arbitrators in regard to such appeal, see Form JO, Appendix A. 89. When the territory which it is pro- Appeal relating i to union school posed to form into a union school or ;^;'oV^^",o'7n°i°'s. when the union school section which it ii6 Public Schools Act. Sees. 89, 90. is proposed to alter or dissolve, lies partly within two or more counties, the trustees or any five ratepayers in the territory or union school section concerned, or the inspector or inspectors, may within one month after the making thereof appeal against any award made by arbitrators for the formation, alter- ation or dissolution of such section, or against the refusal or neglect of the township council or councils concerned to appoint arbitrators, to the Minister of Education, who shall have power to alter, determine or confirm such award, or where no award was made, then at his discretion to appoint not more than three arbitrators who shall have all the powers of arbitrators appointed under section 86 of this Act, and the decision of a majority of them shall be final and conclusive. The first meeting of such arbitrators shall be called by the Minister of Education. Payment of 90. The school Tatcs of cvcry uniou section school sections, shall be collected by the collectors of the municipality in which each part of the union section is respectively situate, and the amount collected from the several ratepayers in each part of the union section shall be paid by the respective collectors to the treasurer of the municipality in which such part of the union section is situate, and such treasurer shall pay over the same without any charge or deduction to the trustees entitled thereto. A school rate in a union school section illegally formed, Union School Sections. 117 but existing on ist January, 1891, is legal, and can be col- Sees. 90, gi, lected, by virtue of sectic and remarks thereunder. Q2 Q*^ lected, by virtue of section 85 of this Act. See section 85, ' 91. When any township municipaHty is school sections -J ^ '■ -' when niunici- divided by Act of the Legislative Assembly p^'"y '^'^''^^^• for municipal purposes, all school sections which may, by such division, be situated partly in each of the newly formed muni- cipalities, shall be deemed union sections until otherwise altered under the provisions of this Act. The result of this enactment seems to be that where a school section is situate in a municipality, the boundaries of which are altered by legislation so as to include only part of such school section and place the remaining part in another municipality, such school section thereby becomes converted into a union school section. 92. Every union school section shall, for j^^|fj=4°g'^\°^j the election of trustees, be deemed one school fmion''sc°hool sections. section, and shall be considered in respect to inspection as within the municipality in which the schoolhouse is situated, or if there be two or more schoolhouses then in the municipality having the largestamount of assessed property. The municipality within which is the largest amount of assessed property should be left to the decision of the inspec- tor, who must obtain the necessary information from the clerks of the respective municipalities, and base such decision thereon. 93. (i). In case a portion of the territory continuation of ^ ' ^ ■J boundaries of composing one or more school sections be-'""'*^'"'°"^- comes incorporated as a village or town, the ii8 Public Schools Act. Sees. 93, 94. boundaries of such school section or sections shall continue in force and shall be deemed a union school section, and the provisions of this Act respecting the election of Public School trustees in towns or villages shall apply thereto until such union is altered or dissolved as provided by this Act. See sections 102 and 103 as to the election of public school trustees in towns and villages. See section 87 and sub-sections thereof as to alteration or dissolution of union school sections. Where rate- (2). In the casc of 3. town or incorporated payers to vote ^ ' 1 1 • 1 C when munici- yillagfe dividcd into wards to which a part ot Dalitv divided »*''"-f,^ -^ ± pality divided into wards an adjoining township or townships is attached for school purposes, the board of trustees of such union school section shall by resolution determine in which ward or wards the rate- payers of the township part shall vote for the election of school trustees and at elections on other school questions, and in case of no such resolution, then such portion of the township shall be considered for all election purposes as attached to the ward or wards adjacent. This resolution should be passed at a meeting of the board of trustees held any time during the year. Where part of a 94. When anv portion of a township muni- township IS -' '^ '■ annexed to a ^ipality is anncxcd to a city or town by proclamation, the portion so annexed shall for all school purposes be deemed to be part of such city or town, provided always that when the portion annexed does not include Union School Sections. 119 the whole of any contiguous school section, ^ec. 94. the respective municipalities shall, unless determined by mutual agreement between themselves after such annexation, each ap- point an arbitrator who, with the senior County Judge of the county, shall value and adjudge in an equitable manner the rights and claims of all parties affected by such annex- ation, and who shall determine by what municipality or portion thereof, the same shall be adjusted, paid or settled, and the award of such arbitrators shall be final and conclusive, and the money found due, either by mutual agreement or under the award, shall be deemed money for school purposes and the provisions of section 115 of this Act shall not apply to the money so required to be paid under the award or mutual agreement, and a debenture or debentures may issue to be payable out of the taxable property of that part of the school section remaining in the indebted municipality, upon a requisition of the trustees of said school section, without calling a special meeting of the electors, and upon the terms and conditions set forth in a by-law of the said municipality, anything in this Act to the contrary notwithstanding. " In all cases in which two municipal corporations are united by proclamation, or by any Act of the Legislative Assembly, all the assets and liabilities of the school corpor- ations of the minor municipality shall be assumed by the school corporation of the united municipality." 55 Vict., c. 61, s. 5. 120 Public Schools Act. Sees. 94, 95. Under this section, the school trustees have power to require the issue of debentures without first submitting the question to the vote of the electors of the municipality who are supporters of public schools, as is required by sections 115 (3) and 116. EQUALIZATION OF UNION SCHOOL ASSESSMENTS. detSnV" ^^* (^)- Oi^ce in every three years the proportion. asscssors of the municipalities in which a union school section is situated, shall, after they have completed their respective assess- ments and before the first day of July meet and determine what proportion of the annual requisition made by the trustees for school purposes shall be levied upon and collected from the taxable property of the respective municipalities out of which the union school section is formed. Notice of such deter- mination shall be given forthwith to the secretary-treasurer of the union school section concerned. For form of notice, see Form j6, Appendix A. Arbitration where assessors (2). In the event of the assessors disagree- disagree. -j^^ ^^ ^^ such proportion, as aforesaid, the inspector in whose district the union school section is situated shall name an arbitrator who, with the assessors aforesaid shall deter- mine the said matter and report the same to the clerks of the respective municipalities, and the decision of a majority shall be final and conclusive for the period of three years. When school section lies in two counties. Union School Assessments. 121 (3). When the union school section is com- ^^'=^- 95. 96 posed of portions of two adjoining counties, then on the disagreement of the assessors the inspector of the county in which the school- house of the union section is situated shall name an arbitrator, and the decision of a majority shall be final and conclusive for the period of three years. (4). The meeting of the assessors, for the Meeting of ^ "-^ assessors tc determine proportion. assessors to purposes herein set forth, shall be called ^ylfopollia the assessor of the municipality in which the schoolhouse of the union section is situated. (5). The assessors or the assessors and Reconsidera- ^ . _ _ _ tion of award. arbitrator appointed as herein required may, at the request of the inspector or five rate- payers, within one month after the filing thereof with the clerk reconsider their award, and alter or amend the same so far as to correct any omission or error in the terms in which such award is expressed, 96. (I). Any by-law of a municipality for By-iaw altering . . -^ ^ -' sections to be formmg, altering or dissolving a school section noliceToq'uash or sections, and any award made by arbitrators^'"^"' appointed to consider an appeal from a town- ship council with respect to any matter authorized by this Act shall be valid and binding, notwithstanding any defect in sub- stance or form, or in the manner or time of passing or making the same, unless notice to quash such by-law or to set aside such award is filed in the office of the township clerk 122 Public Schools Act. Sec. 96. -within one month of the publication of such by-law or award. A freeholder of a township has an interest in its by-laws sufficient to enable him to move to quash any one or more of ihem; he need not be a resident. (In re De La Haye V. The Municipality of the Toivnship of and the Gore of Toronto, 2 C.P. 317-) And an owner of real estate which has been assessed is entitled to move ai^ainst a by-law, though his name does not appear on the roll. (Boulton and the Town Council of the To'ivn of Peterborough, 16 Q.B. 380.) There is nothing inconsistent in an applicant bringing an action to set aside an award, as he is not bound to elect between attacking the by-law and attacking the award. But where the applicant, being called upon by the Court to elect, had elected to attack the award and consented to a decree setting it aside, and ordering a new arbitration) which arbitration he had prosecuted until another award was m.ade, which he had not moved against within the time allowed therefor, the Court held that he could not afterwards complain of having been forced to elect at the hearing. (Harding V. Township of Cardiff, 2 O.R. 329.) Where an objection to a by-law is without merits, and inconvenience would be likely to ensue, the Court may refuse to quash such by-law. ( Begg v. Toivnship of South- wold, 6 O.R. 184.) And where there is a considerable delay on the part of the applicant which is unexplained, the Court may also refuse to quash the by-law. (Iti re Mc Alpine and the Toivnship of Euphemia, 45 Q.B. 199.) And see also as to the question of delay in moving to quash a bylaw, Leddingham and the Corporation of the Toivnship of Bentinck, 29 Q.B. 206 ; Taylor and the Corporation of the Township of West Williams, 30 Q.B. 337 ; Carroll \. Perth, 10 Chy. 64. Where the operation of a by-law or resolu- tion is spent, it will not be quashed. (Daniels and the Municipal Council of Burford, 10 Q.B. 478 ; Terry v. Municipality of the Township of Haldimand, 15 Q.B. 380.) And the Court will not quash a by-law repealed after it has Union School Assessments. 123 been moved against, but the municipality will have to pay Sees, 96, 97. the costs of the application. (In re Coleman^ 9 CP. 146 ; In re Coyne and the Municipal Council of Dumvich, 9 Q.B. 309.) And the Court will not quash a by-law for want of a seal, as without the seal it could not be treated as a by-law. (In re Croft and the Municipality of the Township of Brooke, 17 Q.B. 269 ; In re Mottashed and the Corporation of the County of Prince Edward, 30 Q.B. 74.) The Court will only quash a by-law for illegality, not for want of clearness of expression, or a difficulty in construing or applying its provisions, (hi re Smith and the City of Toronto, 10 C.P. 225 ; Hodgson v. Municipal Councils of York and Feel, and of Ontario, 13 Q.B. 268.) And the quashing of a by-law is not imperative, but discretionary. (Re Milloy and the Toivnship of Onondaga, 6 O.R. 573; Hodgson v. Municipal Councils of York and Feel, and the Municipal Council of Ontario, 13 Q.B. 268 ; In re Michie and the Corporation of the City of Toronto, 11 C.P. 379.) For form of notice to quash by-law or award, see Form jy. Appendix A. (2). Such by-law or award shall be deemed when deemed ^ -^ publication of to be published when a copy thereof is served ^y^^"^- upon the secretary or secretary-treasurer of each board of trustees affected thereby. The by-law or award should be served personally, so that the service, if necessary, may be proved. (•^). Any by-law or award confirmed, as inBy-'awtobe -^ ■> J ' binding for this section provided, shall be valid and*''"'^''"^- binding for a period of five years. PUBLIC SCHOOL BOARDS IN CITIES, TOWNS AND INCORPORATED VILLAGES. 97. Every board of Public School trustees Board to be a ■J corporation. in cities, towns and incorporated villages, 124 Public Schools Act. s*^^- 97. 98, elected as provided by this Act shall be a 99- . ^ ■' corporation by the name of "The Public School Board " (prefixing to words "Public School Board" the name of the city, town or incorporated village for which such trustees are elected), and shall have and possess all the powers usually possessed by corporations, so far as the same are necessary for carrying out the purposes of this Act. See remarks under section 7. ^yhoDlaybe 98. Any ratepayer resident in the muni- elected trustees. _ -^ ^ ■' cipality of the full age of twenty-one years shall be eligible to be elected a Public School trustee, and every trustee shall continue in office until his successor has been elected and the new board organized. See remarks under section 15. of7rustees.°° ^^* ^^^ ' ^^ casc any Unincorporated village becomes incorporated or in case a village, or town changes its corporate status, the trustees having jurisdiction over the school property situated within such village, or town, prior to its incorporation or prior to the change of its corporate status, shall exercise all the powers conferred by this Act upon the trustees of incorporated villages, towns or cities, until a new election of trustees is held, and such trustees shall call a meeting of the ratepayers of such incorporated village, town or city within one month after the date of such incorporation for the election of a new Public School board. School Boards in Cities. 125 (2). In calling the meeting of the ratepayers ^ecs. 99, too. of such newly incorporated village, town or city, the provisions of section 102 of this Act shall be complied with so far as the same are applicable. Where the trustees of the muni- cipality whose corporate status was changed were elected by ballot, the provisions of sec- tion 103 of this Act shall apply to the election of trustees in such newly incorporated town or city. Unless the trustees of any unincorporated village, pre- vious to its incorporation, or of a village or town previous to any change in its corporate status, were elected by ballot, the provisions of section 102 of this Act shall apply to the election of trustees in such unincorporated village on its becoming incorporated, or in such village or town after a change has taken place in its corporate status. If such trustees were, on the contrary, previously elected by ballot, then the provisions of section 103 apply to the elec- tion of trustees in such newly incorporated .village, town, or city. 100. (i). For every ward into which any Trustees in city, town or incorporated village is divided Ss.*^ '"'° there shall be two school trustees, each of whom, after the first election of trustees, shall continue in office for two years, and until his successor has been elected and the new board organized. By statute 54 Vict., chapter 82, being an Act respecting the City of Toronto, special provision was made for the election oi four public school trustees for each of the wards into which the City of Toronto was by section 9 of that Act divided, thus overriding, so far as the City of Toronto is concerned, the provisions of above section. 126 Public Schools Act. Sec. loo. Section lo of above statute provides that : "(i) Notwithstanding the provisions of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, all the members of the Toronto Public School Board shall retire from office at the time appointed for the next annual school election, when a new board shall be elected, the old board retaining office only until their successors shall have been duly elected and the new board organized. " (2) For every ward into which the City of Toronto is divided by section 9 of this Act (54 Vict., c. 82) there shall be four school trustees, two of whom after the next annual school ejection shall continue in office for two years, and until their successors have been elected and the new board organized. " (3) Two of the trustees in each ward (to be determined by lot at the first meeting of the board after the next annual school election, which determination shall be entered upon the minutes) shall retire from office at the time appointed for the next annual school election, and the other two shall continue in office one year longer, and then retire, after which two trustees shall be elected annually for each ward. " (4) In the pursuance of the resolution of the present board, and the notice by them given to the city clerk, the election of the new trustees, as aforesaid, shall be held by ballot on the same day as the municipal aldermen are elected at the next annual election thereof, under the provisions of section T03 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and sub-sections thereof." (2). One of the trustees in each ward (to be determined by lot at the first meeting of trustees after their election, which deter- mination shall be entered upon the minutes) shall retire from office at the time appointed for the next annual school meeting, and the other shall continue in office one year longer School Boards in Cities. 127 and then retire, after which one trustee shall ^ecs. 100, loi, 102. be elected annually for each ward. See remarks under section 56. (3). When any town or incorporated village is annexed to a city, the town or incorporated village so annexed shall, for all the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be part of the city. 101. (I). In every incorporated village notT^jJ^^'^e^^J^ divided into wards there shall be six trustees, wardl.*^ '"'° each of whom, after the first election for trustees, shall continue in office for two years and until his successor has been elected and the new board organized. (2). Three of the trustees (to be deter- mined by lot at the first meeting of trustees after their election which determination shall be entered upon the minutes) shall retire from office at the time appointed for the next annual school election, and the other three shall continue in office one year longer and then retire ; after which three trustees shall be elected annually. See sections 56 and 100 (2), and remarks thereunder. 102. The annual and other elections of Provisions for elections of Public School trustees, unless otherwise ''■"^'^"• ordered, as provided by section 103 of this Act, shall be subject to the following pro- visions : (1). A meeting of the ratepayers for the^ Nominations. 128 Public Schools Act. Sec. 102. nomination of candidates for the office of Public School trustee, shall take place at noon on the last Wednesday in the month of December, annually, or if a holiday on the day following, at such place as shall from time to time be fixed by resolution of the Public School board, and in municipalities divided into wards, in each ward thereof, if the board in its discretion thinks fit. A nomination is a resolution submitted to the electors that the party named is a candidate for their suffrage for an office named. (Reg. ex rel. Corbettv. Jull, 5 P.R. 47.) The nomination must be made at the place named in the resolution ; otherwise the election may be avoided. The Sessions of St. John had, pursuant to the Act of the Assembly, appointed a certain schoolhouse in the parish of L. as the place of meeting for the nomination of candidates for parish offices, but the poll clerk gave a notice for the meeting to be held at the house of one C, in the same settlement, and not more than seventeen rods distant from the schoolhouse. The parishioners met at the place named in the notice, organized the meeting, and then met to adjourn at the schoolhouse, where the election afterwards took place. The election was held to be void. (Ex parte Robinson^ 3 Pugs. N.B. 389.) A meeting of the electors (or ratepayers) means a coming together of the electors. The attendance of one person only could not be a meeting. ( Sharpe v. Dawes^ 2 Q.B.D. 26.) Returning (2). The PubHc School board shall by Officer. _ "' resolution before the second Wednesday in December each year name the returning officer or officers to preside at the meeting or meetings for the nomination of candidates, Election of Trustees. 129 and also for holding the election in case of a ^^<^- ^°*- poll, and in case of the absence of such officer the chairman chosen by the meeting shall preside, and the Public School board shall give at least six days' notice of such meeting. Under The Consolidated Mu7iicipal Act, section 93, these regulations have to be carried out by bylaw. Under this Act, a resolution of the board of school trustees is sufficient. The notice must be given six full days before the meeting. (In re Sams v. Toronto, 9 Q.B. 181.) Where a statute says that a thing shall be done so many days, or so many days at least, before a given event, the day of the thing done and that of the event must both be excluded. (Reg. v. Shropshire, 8 A. & E. 173 ; Mitchell v. Foster, 9 Dowl. 527.) A notice of " ten days at least " for a hearing means that there shall elapse at least ten periods of twenty-four hours each between the day of the delivery of the notice and the day of hearing. (Norton v. Salsbiiry, 4 C.B. 37.) It means ten clear, full, and complete days, and not nine days and fractions of other two days. (Adey v. Hill, 4 C.B. 40.) See also Howes v. Peirce, i C.P.D. 670. (3). If at such meeting only the necessary Proceedings at ^ ^ -- nominations. number of candidates to fill the vacant offices are proposed and seconded, the returning officer or person presiding, after the lapse of one hour, shall declare such candidates duly elected, and shall so notify the secretary of the Public School board; but if two or more candidates are proposed for any one office and a poll in respect of any such office is de- manded by any candidate or elector, the returning officer or chairman shall adjourn the proceedings for filling such office until the 130 Public Schools Act. Sec. 102. first Wednesday of the month of January then next, or if a holiday, then to the day following, when a poll or polls shall be opened at such place or places, and in each ward, where such exist, as shall be determined by resolution of the trustees. Where more persons are proposed and seconded thar» necessary, and, after polling commenced, all except the necessary number retire, it would seem that the returning officer cannot close the poll except under the circumstances mentioned in this section. (Reg. ex rel. Home v. Clarke, 6 L.J. 114.) The election is commenced when the returning officer receives the nomination of candidates. (Reg. V. Cowan, 24 Q.B. 606.) By allowing an hour to elapse between the nomination and the proceeding to close the election in case of no further nominations, the Legislature means to protect the electors against haste and surprise. (Reg. ex rel. Corbett v. Jull, 5 P.R. 48.) Unless an opportunity be given to the electors present to express their assent or dissent, there cannot be said to be an election by acclamation. (lb.) "mng°^ (4). The poll or polls shall be opened at the hour of ten of the clock in the forenoon, and shall continue open until five o'clock in the afternoon, and no longer, and any poll may close at any time after eleven o'clock in the forenoon, when a full hour has elapsed without any vote having been polled. If through some blunder the majority of the electors were to mistake the day of election, and abstain from voting, it might be held that an election by the minority was not a valid election. (Reg. v. Bradford, 20 L.J. Q.B. 226.) Where a poll is demanded the election commences with it, as being the regular mode of popular election. In the Election of Trustees. 131 nature of things, the demand for a poll never is made, nor Sec. 102. can it reasonably be expected to be made, until the necessity for such demand arises ; that is, until one of the contending parties is dissatisfied with the decision of the chairman upon the show of hands. (Campbell \. Maund, 5 A. & E. 881, per Tindal, C.J.) The polling is a continuation of the proceedings initiated by the nomination. (Reg. v. Arch- deacon of Chester^ i A. & E. 342.) Where a poll is granted, a poll must be had, even although all the candidates except one, after the nomination, and before the polling, decline the contest. (Wexford Election., L.R. 3 Ir. C.L.R. 612 ; Reg. V. Cooper., L.R. 5 Q.B. 457.) At a township election, after the nomination of several candidates, the returning officer adjourned to another room to receive votes, but none were tendered. He then closed the poll. The election was held void. (Reg. ex rel. Smith v. Blouse, i P.R. 180.) It is necessary that during the hours for polling the electors should have free access to the polling places. The fact that a large number of duly qualified electors could not cast their votes is a sufficient reason for setting aside an election, if the result would have been affected by the unpolled votes. (Reg- ex rel. Davis v. Wilson., 3 L.J. 165 ; Reg. ex rel. Kirk v. Asseltine, i L.J. 49 ; Reg. ex rel. Gibbs v. Branigan, 3 L.J. 127 ; Anon., 8 L.J. 76.) (5). In cities, towns, incorporated villages, ^"C'''" and ^'^' ' ' r t5 ' towns divided and in townships where Public School boards c^erk^Tmunici- exist, the clerk of the municipality shall vo!ers'°Lrst"to furnish to the Public bchool board, within i^^^^rds. three days after request in writing, ' The Voters' List,' of such municipality, annexing thereto a list of the names of persons being supporters of Separate Schools, and also a list of the names, alphabetically arranged, of all ratepayers not being already upon ' The Voters' List.' 132 Public Schools Act. Sec. 102. ^5)^ f he Public School board shall provide ofTisffnd a poll each polling place with the list aforesaid, and vrdeVfo^ei'ch ■ also a poll book; and, at every election at polling place. ,., ^^ ■ t ii,i Entries in which a Doll IS demanded, the returning Poll Book. ^ >j officer or person presiding, or his sworn poll clerk, shall enter in such book in separate columns the names of the candidates proposed and seconded at the nomination, and shall, opposite to such columns, write the names of the ratepayers offering to vote at the election, and shall, in each column on which is entered the name of a candidate voted for by a voter set the figure ' I ' opposite the voter's name, with the residence of the voter. Duty of return- (7). Thc rctuming officer or person presiding ing officer after ^^^ ^ ri cioseofeiection.gj^ail^ on the day after the close of the election, return the poll book to the secretary or secre- tary-treasurer of the Public School board, with his solemn declaration thereto annexed, that the poll book has been correctly kept and contains a true record of the votes given at the polling place for which he was return- ing officer. For form of declaration, see J^orm j/, Appendix A. Dutyofsecre- (8). The secrctary-trcasurer shall add up the number of votes for each candidate for any office, as appears from the poll book so returned, and shall declare elected, the candi- date or candidates having the highest number of votes, and shall forthwith notify the candidates in writing of the number of votes Election by Ballot. 133 polled for each of them respectively in said ^^"„^°^' election. For form of declaration, see Form j8, Appendix A. (9). In case two or more candidates have lasting vote. an equal number of votes, the member of the board present at the first meeting thereof after such election and before the organization of the board, who is assessed highest as a ratepayer on the last revised assessment roll, shall give a vote for one or more such candi- dates, so as to decide the election. See sub-section 3 of section 106, and remarks thereunder. ELECTION BY BALLOT. 103. (I). The board of Public School f/^ecuons^o^f^^^ trustees of any city, town, incorporated ^i^afliSn^. village or township may, by resolution, of which notice shall be given to the clerk of the municipality on or before the first day of October in any year, require the election of school trustees for such city, town, incor- porated village, or township, to be held by ballot on the same day as municipal coun- cillors, or aldermen are elected, as the case may be. In like manner any board ofTr-^^^^'^^^^ay^^ trustees may discontinue the use of the ballot eLcfions.^' in trustee elections on giving notice to the clerk of the municipality to that effect at the time hereinbefore mentioned, and thereafter elections for the purposes of this Act shall be conducted as provided in section 102. ij4 Public Schools Act. Sec. lo;. A formal resolution must be passed by the board of school trustees, discontinuing the use of the ballot, notice of which should be given by the secretary-treasurer to the clerk of the municipality. For forms of notices under this section, see Forms jg and 40, Appendix A. Ballot not to be (2). Whcrc anv board of trustees require discontinued or -^ [h?er>^elrsafter^l^ctions to be held by ballot, and elections the change. ^^.^ ^^ hcM, no change shall be made in the mode of conducting such election for a period of three years, and should the mode of con- ducting the elections by ballot be discontinued at any time, then the provisions of section 102 shall apply for a period of three years at least after such discontinuance. See remarks under previous sub-section as to discon- tinuance of election by ballot. The same form of notice can be used. Mode of con- (q). In everv case in which notice is tjiven ducting elec- . tions by ballot, ^g aforesaid requiring the election of Public School trustees to be held by ballot, such election shall thereafter be held at the same time and place, and by the same returning offxer or officers, and conducted in the same manner as the municipal nominations and elections of aldermen or councillors are con- ducted, and the provisions of The Mu7iicipal Act respecting the time for opening and closing the poll, the mode of voting, corrupt or improper practices, vacancies, and declara- tions of office shall mutatis mutandis apply to the election of Public School trustees. The Consolidated Mu7iicipal Act provides that the Election by Ballot. 135 election shall take place annually on the first Monday in Sec. 103. January (s. 88). The time deserves attention. Where time is fixed for the holding of an election, it is in general essential, though many of the details as to the conduct of elections may be looked upon as only directory. (Pennsyl- vania District Election, 2 Par. (Pa.) 526 ; Clarke's Case, lb. 521 ; Commonwealth v. Commotiwealth, 5 Rawle 75 ; People V. Brenham, 2 Cal. 477 ; People v. Fairlniry, 51 111. 149; Hay ties v. Washington County, 19 111. 66; Coles County V. Allison, 23 111. 437.) The council of every city, town, and village municipality appoint by by-law the place for holding the election (s. 90). The appointment of the place by resolution would be a nullity. (Reg. ex rel. Allemaing v. Zoeger, i P.R. 219.) And if the election is not held in the place named in the by-law, it is null. (Peg. ex rel. Preston v. Preston, 2 CL. Chamb. 278.) Every election must be held in the municipality to which the same relates (s. 95). It is only proper that the election for each municipality should, for the convenience of voters, be held within the limits of that municipality. Cities, towns, and incorporated villages are quite distinct from, and independent of, the townships in which they are situate. It is therefore provided by section 96 that no election of township councillors shall be held within any city, town, or incorporated village. It therefore follows that no election of trustees for a township could be held in such places. The clerk of the municipality acts as returning officer (s. 97). In case of his death or absence, pro- vision is made for supplying his place (s. 99). A meeting of the electors takes place on the last Monday in December, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, or at noon (s. 109), to receive nominations (s. 107). See Peg. ex rel. Corbett v. full, 5 P.R. 47 ; Ex parte Robinson, 3 Pugs. N.B. 389 ; and Sharpe v. Dawes, 2 Q.B.D., cited under s. 107, sub-sec- tion I. See also Reg. v. Bradford, 20 L.J.Q.B. 226. The clerk of the municipality acts as returning officer and presides at the meeting, or, in case of his absence, the council may appoint some person to preside in his place ; 136 Public Schools Act. Sec. 103. and, if neither attend, the electors may choose some person from among themselves to act as chairman, who shall have all the powers of a returning officer (s. loS). The council should provide for the absence of the clerk, if at all apprehended or expected. Should they fail to do so, the electors present may choose a chairman. Should the electors choose one, it is submitted the chairman so chosen would have a right to conduct the nomination to its termination, notwithstanding the presence in the meantime of the clerk, or a person appointed by the council as his substitute. The electors, under section 108, are not, apparently, required to wait before making an appointment, as they are under section 99. The proceedings at the meeting, if not presided over by the officer or person assigned, would, in all probability, be held absolutely void. (In re Hartley and Emily, 25 Q.B. 15 ; Reg. v. Backhouse, 12 L.T.N. S. 579 ; Pickering w fames, L.R. 8 C.P. 489.) Where the election is to be made by wards or polling subdivisions, the council of the municipality may appoint by by-law the places for holding the nominations in each ward, the returning officers who shall respectively hold the nominations for each ward, the polling places, and the deputy returning officers to preside thereat (s. 97). An appointment by resolution is not sufficient. (Reg. ex rel. Ailemaing V. Zoeger, i P.R. 219.) The clerk or other returning officer, whose duty it is to preside at the nomination meeting, shall give at least six days' notice of it (s. 115). See Regina ex rel. Corbettv. Jull, supra, section 102, sub-section 2. At these meetings the clerk or other returning officer or chairman shall receive the nominations seriatim; and if only one candidate is proposed, the clerk or other returning officer or chairman shall, after the lapse of one hour from the time fixed for holding the meeting, declare such candidate duly elected. But if two or more are proposed for any particular office, and a poll is required by them respectively, or by any elector, the clerk or other returning -officer or chairman shall adjourn the meeting till the first Monday in January next, when a poll or polls shall be I Election by Ballot. 137 opened in each ward or polling subdivision, and shall con- Sec. 103. tinue open from nine a.m. to five p.m. (s. 116). Where more persons are proposed and seconded than necessary, and, after polling commenced, all except the necessary number retire, it would seem that the returning officer cannot close the poll, unless under the circumstances mentioned in section 116. (Reg. ex rel. Home v. Clarke, 4 L.J, 114.) The election is commenced when the returning officer receives the nomination of candidates, and the disqualification of a candidate has reference to that day. (Reg. V. Qnvaii, 24 Q.B. 606 ; Reg. ex rel. Adamson v. Boyd, 4 P.R. 204.) It is not necessary to constitute an election that a poll should be demanded. (Reg. v. Cowan, supra.) By allowing an hour to elapse between the nomination and the proceeding to close the election, in case of no further nominations, the Legislature means to protect the electors against haste and surprise. (Reg. ex rel. Corbett V. Jull, 5 P.R. 48.) Unless an opportunity is given to the electors present to express their assent or dissent, there cannot he said to be an election by acclamation. (lb.) See also remarks under s. 102 (4). As to resignations of persons proposed for office at nomination meetings, see s. 117. In case of a poll at an election, the votes shall be given by ballot (s. 118). Provisions respecting the furnishing of ballot boxes by the clerk of the municipality, the construction and preser- vation of boxes, delivery to deputy-returning officers, etc., is made by s. 120. The clerk cannot properly act as clerk and be a candidate for office. (Reg. v. White, L.R. 2 Q.B. 557; Reg. V. Ward, L.R. 8 Q.B. 210.) The duties cast by this section upon the clerk are essential to the success of voting by ballot, one object of which is to secure secrecy of voting. So important is the performance of the duties by the clerk deemed that a penalty of $100 is recoverable in respect of every ballot box which he fails to furnish (s. 120, s-s. 5). The provisions as to the mode of voting, etc., are contained in sections 142 to 160 of said Act (see 138 Public Schools Act. Sec. 103. Harrison's Municipal Manual, 5th ed., pp. 105 to 119) ; as to corrupt or improper practices, in sections 209 to 222 (see Harrison's Municipal Manual, 5th ed., pp. 155 to 169) ; as to vacancies, in sections 177 to 186 (see Harrison's Municipal Manual, 5th ed., pp. 129 to 136); as to declara- tions of office, in sections 161 and 277 (see Harrison's Municipal Manual, 5th ed., pp. 119, 201, 202). Form of ballot (^). A Separate set of ballot papers shall be prepared by the clerk of the municipality for all the wards or polling subdivisions, con- taining the names of the candidates nominated for school trustees, of the same form as those used for councillors or aldermen except the substitution of the words "school trustee" for councillors or aldermen, as the case may be, on said ballot papers. fupportlrfnof ^5^' ^^ ^hc Hst of qualified voters required to vote. i^y section 102 of this Act to be delivered to the returning officer by the clerk of the muni- cipality before the opening of the poll, the clerk shall place opposite the names of any persons on the said list who are supporters of Separate Schools, the letters S. S. S. (signify- ing supporters of Separate Schools), and the returning officers shall not deliver to any such person a ballot paper for Public School trustees. This and other similar provisions are made for confining the elections to those who are supporters of public schools. As to the powers and method of voting of separate school supporters, see T/ie Separate Schools Act, R.S.O., 1887, c. 227, ss. 21, 22, and 23. Election by Ballot. 139 (6). In case any objection is made to the Sec^os. right of any person to vote at any election of^t.'-s'tered^'^" 11 1 -I . , • rr when voter school trustees the deputy returning omcer objected to. shall require the person whose right of voting is objected to, to make the following oath or affirmation : — You swear {or solemnly affirm) that you are the person Form of oath, named, or purporting to be named, in the list {or supple- mentary list) of voters now shown to you (showing the list to voter) ; That you are a ratepayer ; That you are of the full age of twenty-one years ; That you are a public school supporter ; That you have not voted before at this election, either at this or any other polling place in this ward or in this municipality (ivhere the inunicipality is 7iot divided into wards) for school trustee ; That you have not directly or indirectly received any reward or gift, nor do you expect to receive any, for the vote which you tender at this election ; That you have not received anything, nor has anything been promised to you directly or indirectly, either to induce you to vote at this election, or for loss of time, travelling , expenses, hire of team, or any other service connected with this election ; And that you have not directly or indirectly paid or promised anything to any person either to induce him to vote or refrain from voting at this election : So help you God. It has been held that the swearing falsely by a voter, at an election, that he is the person described in the list of voters entitled to vote is not perjury. ( Thonas v. Piatt ^ I Q.B. 217.) The refusal to take the oaths required by the returning 140 Public Schools Act. Sees. 1C3, officer, and the reception of such votes notwithstanding, is '°'*" a good ground for setting aside an election if the relator would otherwise have had a majority. (Reg. ex rel. Dillon v.McXeil,sC.V. 137.) An agent of a candidate at an election, though not an elector himself, may object to voters and require the returning officer to administer the qualification oaths. (Reg- ex rel. Gordanier v. Perry et al., 3 L.J. 90.) Full age is twenty-one years, and is completed at any moment on the day preceding the anniversary of a person's birth. (Anofi., i Salk. 44; Toder \. Saf/sam, i Brown P.C 468.) If, therefore, one is born on the ist of January, he is of age to do any legal act on the morning of the last day of December, though he may not have lived twenty-one years by nearly forty-eight hours. (Tomlin, " Infant," I.) Upon a question of age of a voter, the written memorandum of the clergyman who married his parents was held better evidence than the memory of individuals, unaccompanied by such memorandum. (Reg. ex rel. Forivard v. BartelSy 7 C.P. 533-) The oath may be administered by the returning officer or deputy-returning officer, as the case may be, at the request of any candidate or his authorized agent (55 Vict., c. 42, s. 106.) The returning officer should, on request of either of the candidates or his agent (whether such agent be or be not a duly qualified elector), administer the necessary oaths or affirmations. (Reg. ex rel. Gordanier v. Perry^ 3 L.J. 90 ; Reg. v. Spai/lding, Car. & M. 568.) See as to prosecutions for false oaths, under enactments corresponding to the above : Reg. v. Dodstvorth, 2 Moo. & R. 72 ; 8 C. & P. 218, where form of indictment is given. See also Reg. v. Ellis., Car. & M. 564 ; Reg. v. Thompson^ 2 Moo. cS: R. 355, as to the evidence. ^fficfohrlTstees. 104. In case of any vacancy in the office of trustee of any Public School board arising from any cause, the remaining trustees shall forthwith take steps to hold a new election Complaints as to Elections. 141 in the manner provided by this Act for the ^^'^^^ ^°4. ^ •' 105. annual election of trustees to fill the vacancy so created and the person thereupon elected shall hold his seat for the residue of the term for which his predecessor was elected, or for which the office is filled. If the trustee retiring was elected to office under the provisions of section 102, the provisions of that section must be appHed in conducting the new election. If, on the contrary, the former election was by ballot, the new election must be conducted according to the provisions of section 103. 105. The Judge of the County Court, inJudgeofcoumy •^ P -^ Court to re- case any complaint respecting the validity or j'^^^^tf^^'lg mode of conducting the election of any trustee ''°'°^'*'"'^" of a Public School board in any municipality within his county, is made to him within twenty days after such election, shall receive and investigate such complaint, and shall thereupon, within a reasonable time, in a summary manner, hear and determine the same ; and may by order cause the assess- ment rolls, collector's rolls, poll books, and any other records of the election to be brought before him, and may inquire into the facts on affidavit or affirmation, or by oral testimony, and cause such person or persons to appear before him as he may deem expedient, and may confirm the said election or set it aside, or order that some other candidate was duly elected ; and the Judge may order the person found by him not to have been elected to be removed; and incase the Judge determines 1^2 Public Schools Act. Sees. 105, that any other person was duly elected, the ie6. •' , , . , 1 • J J • Judge may order him to be admitted; and, in case the Judge determines that no other person was duly elected instead of the person removed, the Judge shall order a new election to be held, and shall report such decision to the secretary-treasurer of the Public School board. In the case oi Foster et al. v. Stokes et a/., 2 O.R. 590, certain persons were elected school trustees ; but owing to informalities in the election in not fixing the day for the nominations and election, the appointing of returning ofificer, etc., as required by the statutes, protests in writing in respect of the election were duly served. At a meeting of the board, however, held subsequently to the election, they were declared duly elected, but did not make the declaration of office, nor take their seats. At a subsequent meeting of the board, the parties so elected acquiesced in the conclusion of the board to hold a new election, and became candidates again, and canvassed as such until the twenty days allowed as above for complaint to be made to the County Judge in respect of their said election had elapsed, proceedings having been dropped in view of the second election. At the second election they were defeated, and then claimed their seats under the first election. It was held that they could not maintain suit to have it declared that they were the duly elected trustees. First meeting 106. (i). Thc mcmbcrs of every board of of board. , , . , . . . ^ i school trustees in townships, cities, towns and incorporated villages shall hold their first meeting on the third Wednesday in January, or if a board of education, then on the first Wednesday in February, at the hour of seven o'clock in the afternoon, or at such other hour on the same day as may have been fixed by Meeting of Board. 143 resolution of the former board, at the usual See. 106. place of meeting of such board. As to what constitutes a board of education, see section 8. The resolution changing the hour of meeting must have been passed at a regular meeting of the board retiring from office. This can be done at any time during their year of office, and only affects the meeting for organization. Sub- sequent meetings of the board are generally regulated by the by-laws of the respective boards. (2). At the first meeting in each year ofL'"!^*°'.^' every Public School board, the secretary of the board shall preside at the election of chair- man, or, if there be no secretary, the members present shall appoint one of themselves to preside at such election, and the member so appointed to preside may vote as a member. Though not specifically mentioned in this section, it is clear, from a comparision with section 2>Z, that the first duty of the board is the election of the chairman. (3). In case of an equality of votes at the ^^'''"^ ''°'^- election of chairman, the member who is assessed as a ratepayer for the largest sum on the last revised assessment roll shall have a second or casting vote in addition to his vote as a member. In order to comply with the provisions of this section, the secretary of the board must obtain from the proper municipal officer the necessary information as to the properties, rated on the last revised assessment roll, of each of the members composing the board. This has been found, in large cities, to be a matter difficult of ascer- tainment. 144 Public Schools Act. Sec^o6. ^_|^^ ii-i i-iie absence of the chairman any per- of boardf'"*"' son appointed to act as chairman by the majority of those present shall preside, and the chairman or person so acting may vote with the other members on all questions, and any question on which there is an equality of votes shall be deemed to be negatived. scbool boards, etc. Ehoo"'boards (s)- A majority of the mcmbcrs of the board, when present at any meeting, shall constitute a quorum, and the vote of the majority of such quorum shall be necessary to bind the corpora- tion. This follows the usual provisions adopted in the case of municipal corporations. (See section 234 of The Con- solidated Municipal Act, 55 Vict., c 42.) Assuming the whole number of members of the board to be twelve, there must be seven present to constitute a quorum. (-Reg. ex. rel. jEvans v. Starmtt, 7 C.P. 487.) So that an election by six in such a case, though unanimous, would be void. (Lockwood v. Mechanics' JVational Bank, II Am. 253.) Acts done with less than a legal quorum are generally void. (Rex v. Bellringer, 4 T.R. 810; Rex v. Miller, 6 T.R. 268 ; Reg. ex rel. Evatis v. Starratt, 7 C.P. 487.) See also Price v. R.W. Company, 13 Ind. 58 ; Ferguson v. Crittenden, i Eng. (Ark.) 479 ; Logansport V. Legg, 20 Ind. 315 ; McCracken v. San Francisco, 16 Cal. 591 ; Piemental v. San Francisco, 21 Cal. 351. In one case, however, the Court, in the exercise of its discretion, refused to quash a by-law upon proof that a quorum was not present at the time of its passing. (Sutherland v. East Missouri, 10 Q.B. 626.) The Court will presume, until the contrary be clearly shown, that there was a quorum present at the doing of a corporate act. (Citizens' Mutual Fire Ins. Co. v. Sortivell, 8 Allen (Mass.) 217.) Duties of Trustees. 145 DUTIES OF TRUSTEES. Sec^07. Duties of board. 107. It shall be the duty of the board of trustees of cities, towns and incorporated villages, and they shall have power — (i). To appoint a secretary and treasurer or ^^PP°i^tme"^t^of secretary-treasurer, and one or more collectors, '=°"'^='°'"- if requisite, of such school fees or rate bills as the board may have authority to charge, and such other officers and servants of the board as they may deem expedient. See remarks under section 33 as regards secretary- treasurers; and remarks under section 51 as regards collectors. (2). To fix the times and places of the board Jo^fi^^ne^eungs meetings, the mode of calling and conducting them, and of keeping a full and correct account of the proceedings of such meetings. This is exclusive of the time fixed for the first meeting, as provided by section 106. Compare section 40 (11), and see remarks thereunder. (i). To provide adequate accommodation for to provide ade- \^/ r 1 quale accom- all the children between the ages of five and ™°'^^"°"- sixteen years, resident in the municipality, as ascertained by the census taken by the muni- cipal council for the next preceding year ; provided always, such residents are not to include the children of persons on whose behalf a Separate School or schools have been estab- lished under the provisions of T/ie Separate Schools Act. See section 40(3), and remarks thereunder. 146 Public Schools Act. Sec^o;. (^^-^^ 'fQ purchase or rent school sites or ^h^Tpremises, premises, and to build, repair, furnish, and p?rze'bo"o^ks keep in order the school houses and appenda^ijes^ and library. 111. 1 and to keep the well, closets and premises generally in a proper sanitary condition, lands, enclosures, and movable property, and procure registers in the prescribed form, suitable maps, apparatus, and prize books, and, if they deem it expedient, establish and maintain school libraries. Where one school trustee, by desire of the board of school trustees, bought for the board a piece of property for a school site, and signed the contract with his own name only, and the board subsequently on several occasions by resolution recognized the purchase as their own, and paid three instalments of the purchase money, but the purchase was repudiated by a new board, the person in whose name the purchase was made was held to be entitled to be indemnified by the new board in respect of the remainder of the purchase money. (Smith v. The School Trustees of Belleville, i6 Chy. 130.) Compare sections 40 (2) and 40 (6), and see remarks thereunder. The scope of the sanitary duties of the trustees seems to be confined simply to the sanitary arrangements in and about the school buildings and premises. The health of the children is a matter coming within the purview of The Public Health ^Ict, and the teacher, under section 131 (11), is bound to notify the local board of health direct when he has reason to believe that any pupil attending the school is suffering from or exposed to any contagious disease. IVie Public Health Act, R.S.O.^ 1887, c. 205, s. 94, enacts as follows : "(1) Whenever a case of smallpox, cholera, scarlatina, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, mumps, glanders, or other contagious disease, exists in any house or household belonging to which are persons attending school, the house- Duties of Trustees. 147 holder shall, within eighteen hours of the time such disease Sec. 107. is known to exist, notify the head teacher of such school or schools, and also the secretary of the local hoard of health, of the existence of such disease ; and no member of such household shall attend school until a certificate has been obtained from the medical health officer, or legally (jualified medical practitioner, that infection no longer exists in the house, and that the sick person, house, clothing, and other effects, have been disinfected to his satisfaction ; and until such certificate shall have been obtained, it shall be the duty of every member of the household, and of the teacher, to use all reasonable efforts to prevent the association of members of the said house- hold with other children. "(2) Whenever the local board of health or any of its officers or members know of the existence in any house of smallpox, cholera, scarlatina, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, mumps, glanders, or other contagious disease, they shall at once notify the head or other master of the school or schools at which any member of the household is in attendance ; and should it not be evident that said mem- ber has not been exposed to said diseases, or any of them, the teacher must forthwith prevent such further attendance until the several members present a certificate stating that infection no longer exists, as provided in the preceding sub-section. "(3) Whenever a teacher in any school has reason to su.s- pect that any pupil has, or that there exists in the home of any pupil, any of the above-mentioned diseases, he shall be required to notify the medical health officer, or, where none such exists, the local board of health, on forms supplied by the school authorities, in order that evidence may be had of the truthfulness of the report ; and he shall further be required to prevent the attendance of said pupil or pupils until medical evidence of the falsity of the report has been obtained.'' But by virtue of section 16 of The Act respecting Vaccination and Inoculation, R.S.O., 1887, c. 206, "it shall be lawful for the trustees of any public. 148 Public Schools Act. Sec. 107. separate, or high school to provide that no children shall be permitted to attend any school without producing a certificate of successful vaccination when demanded of him or her by the teacher." Tc determine number of schools, etc. Kindergarten schools. Dismissal of refractory pupils. . , > or both combined ; rirls, ) (5). To determine the number, grade and description of schools (such as central, ward, or night schools) to be established and main- tained ; the teachers to be employed ; the terms on which they are to be employed, and the amount of their remuneration ; and to provide, as they may deem expedient, for children between four and seven years of age, kindergarten schools. The board is authorized under this clause to " deter- mine the number, grade, and description of schools," etc., namely : — (i) A central school for boys, (2) A central school for girls, (3) A primary school in each ward for boys and girls, or infants ; (4) Intermediate schools in convenient localities for boys and girls ; (5) Kindergarten schools ; and, (6) Night schools. As to night schools, see section 1 1 of the Departmental Regulations. Also section 3 (3) of The Education Depart- metit Act, i8gi. The school trustees under this section have unlimited discretion as to the number of schools to be kept up, and are not subjected to the restrictions in this respect imposed upon the school trustees in townships. (School Trustees of Brockville v. Town Council of Brockville, 9 Q-B. 302.) (6). To dismiss from the school any pupil who shall be adjudged so refractory by a Duties of Trustees. 149 majority of the trustees and the teacher that See. 107. his presence in school is deemed injurious to the other pupils, and, where practicable, to remove such pupil to an industrial school. See remarks under section 40 (5). (7). To collect, at their discretion, from the 'r';';'^'^^^"^^^ ^' ' ' ' collect a fee parents or guardians of the pupils attending Jo^Uoks^etl. any Public School under their charge, a sum not exceeding twenty cents per month, per pupil, to defray the cost of text-books, sta- tionery and other school supplies ; or, at their discretion, to purchase for the use of pupils attending such schools text-books, stationery and other school supplies at the expense of the corporation. The latter part of this section is the authority for the introduction of free text-books, the system now adopted in the City of Toronto. (8). To appoint of their number, and under JJJ^S^e'for such regulations as they think proper, a com-''^''''"''''""'' mittee for the special oversight and manage- ment of the schools under their charge, and to see that all such schools are conducted according to the regulations of the Education Department. As to proper conduct of schools, see Departmental Regulations, sections 4, 5, and 6. If the trustees fail to perform their duty in this respect, their school will not be entitled to share in the school fund applicable to them. (9). To constitute at their discretion onef^°teacher°s°'' 150 Public Schools Act. Sec. 107. Qi- more of the Public Schools to be a Model school for the training of teachers. As to City and County Model Schools, see Depart- mental Regulations, sections 46 to 51 ; as to Provincial Model Schools, see Departmental Regulations, section 62. Toiaybefore (iq). To submit to thc municioal council, council estimaie '■ foi moneys. qj-j qj- bcforc the first day of August, or at such time as may be required by the muni- cipal council, an estimate of the expenses of the schools under their charge for the current year. See remarks under section 40 (8). Public school boards should prepare from time to time, and lay before their municipal council, an estimate of the sums which they think necessary for paying the whole or part of the salaries of the teachers ; for purchasing or renting school sites or premises : for building, erecting, enlarging, repairing, warming, furnishing, and keeping in order the schoolhouses and their appendages and grounds ; for purchasing or building teachers' residences ; for pro- curing suitable apparatus and text-books for the schools ; for the establishment and maintenance of free public school libraries ; and for all necessary expenses of the schools under their charge. It would appear from the wording of this Act (see section no) that where it is intended tliat the estimates, so sent in for the purposes above mentioned, are to be raised out of the general rate struck for the year, the municipal council has no option but to raise the amount so required ; but should the trustees apply to the council for the issue of debentures for the purchase of a school site or sites, the erection of a schoolhouse or houses, or any addition thereto, or for the purchase or erection of a teacher's residence, being a part of their estimates so sent in, the provisions of section 115(1) as regards boards of rural school trustees, and section 116(1) and (2) as regards Dlties of Trustees. 151 township boards of trustees, or the trustees of any city, Sec. 107. town, or incorporated village, will api)ly to such part of the estimates. For form of requisition on municipal council, see Form 75, Appendix A. (ii). To submit all accounts, books, and Jj.°oun"\o vouchers to be audited by the municipal*" "°"" auditors, and it shall be the duty of such auditors to audit the same. See section 37 (2), and remarks thereunder; also section 59 (2), and remarks thereunder. Negligence of the auditors in examining and reporting upon accounts will not, under ordinary circumstances, relieve those indebted to the corporation from the payment of their liabilities. (In re Eldoii and Ferguson, 6 L.J. 207.) " It seems to me to be a monstrous proposition, that an officer of the corporation may wilfully or even negligently omit to enter the receipt of moneys ; and because the auditors have not been able to discover the omission, and the corporation approves of the report, that when the omissions are discovered the officer may set up the audit to cover his own fraud or neglect." ( II) .201^, per Richards, J.) A surety for the due performance of a treasurer's duties is not relieved from liability by the negligence of the auditors in proving the treasurer's accounts. ( Frontenac v. Bredeti, 17 Chy. 645.) The fact of the treasurer having become reduced in his circumstances after the auditing and passing of his accounts, and before the discovery of an error in them, is no bar to an action against the surety. (lb.) (12). To publish at the end of every year, to publish ^ J J ^ auditors' in one or more of the public newspapers, or'^^P""- otherwise, the annual report of the auditors, and to prepare and transmit before the 15th of January, the annual report of the school Annual report -'-''_ ^ to .Minister. to the Education Department. See sub-sections 12 and 13 of section 40, and remarks thereunder. 152 Public Schools Act. Sees. 107, Public school boards are required to report annually to the Minister of Education according to a form provided by him (see Form 41, Appendix A) ; and to their constituents through the medium of the public newspapers or otherwise. They are not required to report at the annual meeting of their constituents, but only in the public newspapers, in a pamphlet, or on a printed sheet, as may be deemed most satisfactory and convenient. Cj^stod^y^nd {i^i^. To take possession and have the school property. ^^g^.Q^y and safc keeping of all Public School property which has been acquired or given for Public School purposes in the section, in- cluding movable property, moneys or income given or acquired at any time for Public School purposes, and to hold or apply the same according to the terms on which the same were acquired or received ; and to dis- pose, by sale or otherwise, of any school site or school property not required by them in consequence of a change of school site, or other cause ; to convey the same under their corporate seal, and to apply the proceeds thereof to their lawful school purposes, or as directed by this Act. See remarks under section 40 (i). School sites. 108. Every Public School board in a city, town or incorporated village, shall have power to take and acquire land for a school site or for enlarging school premises already held. In the event of any dispute between the owner of the land selected and the trustees, with regard to the price of such land, sections 67 to 72 of this Act shall apply. Duties of Trustees. 153 Besides the duties above enumerated, there are certain Sec. 108. other duties cast upon the trustees of public schools in cities, towns, and incorporated villages l)y virtue of certain other enactments of the Legislature of this Province. They are required, under The Free Libraries Act, to Duties of • . .1 ^.11 11- 1 trustees under appomt three persons to the board havnig the manage- The Free ment, regulation, and control of the free library of the city, ^'^"'■'^^ '^'='- town, or incorporated village over which their board has jurisdiction. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 189, s. 3, s-s. i.) They can- not, however, appoint one of their own body to be a member of such board of management. (lb., s-s. 2.) Of the persons so appointed, one shall retire annually, but he may be reappointed. (lb., s-s. 2.) One member of such board holds office until the ist February following his appoint- ment ; one until the ist February in the following year ; and one until the same day in the year next thereafter. (lb., s-s. 4.) In case of a vacancy occurring by the death or resignation of a member, or from any cause other than the expiration of the time for which he can hold office as above, the member appointed to fill such vacancy only holds office for the remainder of the term of the member causing the vacancy. (^7/--., s-s. 5.) Subject as above, each of the members appointed by the trustees shall hold office for three years from the ist February of the year in which he was appointed. {lb., s-s. 6.) The first appoint- ments are made at the first meeting of the public school board after the final passing of the by-law establishing the free library ; and the annual appointments thereafter to be made are to be made at the first meeting of the school board after the ist January in every year (lb., s-s. 7.) Appointments to fill a vacancy are to be made at the first meeting of the board after such vacancy occurs. (lb.) If the appointments are not made at the dates fixed for making the same, they are to be made as soon as may be thereafter. (lb.) Under The High Schools Act, i8gi, the trustees are also Duties of required to appoint annually one trustee to the board ofTheH^gh" ^^ the high school situated in the city, town, or incorporated village over which their jurisdiction extends ; hut this 154 Public Schools Act, Sec. io8. provision does not apply to boards of education. The trustee so appointed holds office for one year. (54 Vict., c. 57, s. II, s-s. 6.) Duties of Under The Industrial Schools Act, the public school trustees under , , . _ •. ^ u i_ The Industrial board of trustecs for any city or town have power to Sc 00 s ct. gstaijii^I-, an industrial school, and provide the necessary building or buildings, either by purchase, lease, or otherwise, and provide the oiher requisites for such .schools. They must cause notice thereof to be made or given to the city inspector of public schools, who must make an examina- tion of the school buildings so provided, and of their fitness for the reception of children, and inquire as to the other requisites provided, and into the means adopted for carrying on the school, and report thereon to the Minister of Educa- tion. If the Minister of Education is satisfied with the inspector's report, he may certify in writing that the school is a fit and proper one for the reception of children to be sent there, and such school shall then be deemed a certified industrial school. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 234, s. 3.) The bi>ard of school trustees may, however, delegate the powers, rights, and privileges conferred upon them by the above Act respecting the establishment, control, and management of an industrial school to any philanthropic society or societies incorporated under The Act respecting Benevolent, Provident, and other Societies, R.S.O., 1887, c. 172, or under any other Act in force in the Province of Ontario ; but the chairman and secretary of the board of public school trustees in the city or town in which the industrial school is situated, or under whose control it is placed, and the public school inspector of such city or town, are to be members of the board of management of the society when acting under powers delegated by the board of public school trustees. (lb., s. 5, s-s. I.) The trustees of the public school board must also provide the teachers necessary for the industrial school, and shall, when practicable, choose the general superintendent of the school from the teachers appointed by them. (lb., s. 6.) The school trustees may also admit to the industrial schools established by them all children apparently under the age of fourteen years who are com- Duties of Trustees. 155 niitled to the school by a Judge or magistrate; and they have Sec. 108. power to place such children at such employments and cause them to be instructed in such branches of useful knowledge as are suitable to their years and cai)acities. (^//;.,s. 10.) The trustees may also allow a child sent to their industrial school to live at the dwelling of any trustworthy and respectable person, but in every instance in which this is done a report thereof must be at once made to the Minister of Education, to his satisfaction. ( Ih., s. 13.) This permission to reside out of school may be revoked at any time by the trustees, and the child to whom the per- mission relates must return to the school. (Il>., s. 14.) The school trustees may also, at any time during the period of detention of a child in an industrial school, exercise all the powers conferred by sections 2 and 6 of The Act respecting Apprentices and Minors, R.S.O., 1887, chapter 142, upon the charitable societies therein mentioned. (Il>., s. 20.) Section 2 above mentioned declares that "any parent, guardian, or any other person having the care or charge of a minor, or any charitable society authorized by the Lieutenant-Governor to exercise the powers conferred by this Act, and having the care or charge of a minor, may, with the minor's consent, if the minor is a male not under the age fourteen years, or is a female not under the age of twelve years, and without such consent if he or she is under such age, constitute, by indenture, to be the guardian of the child, any respectable, trustworthy person who is willing to assume, and by indenture or other instrument, in writing, does assume, the duty of a parent towards the child, but the parent shall remain liable for the performance of any duty imposed by law in case the guardian fails in the performance thereof." And said section 6 declares that " a parent, guardian, or any char- itable society being authorized by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to exercise the powers conferred by this Act, and having the care or charge of a minor, the minor being a male and not under the age of fourteen years, may, with the consent of the minor, put and bind him as an appren- tice by indenture to any respectable and trustworthy 156 Public Schools Act. Sec. 108. master mechanic, farmer, or other person carrying on a trade or calling, for a term not to exceed beyond the minority of the apprentice ; or, in case of a female not under the age of twelve years, may, with her consent, bind the minor to any respectable and trustworthy person carrying on any trade or calling, or to domestic service with any respectable and trustworthy person, for any term not to extend beyond the age of eighteen years." The school trustees may also, from time to time, make rules for the management and discipline of the industrial school, which rules must be consistent with the provisions of The Industrial Schools Act, and must be approved by the Education Department, and, when approved, must only be altered with the approval of the Department. (lb., s. 21.) The school trustees, or their agent, also have power at any time during the detention of a child at their indus- trial school to issue a summons (for form of which, see Form 42, Appendix A) against the parent, step-parent, or guardian of the child in the Division Court of the division in which such parent, stepparent, or guardian resides, which is to be served according to the practice of the Division Court, and may examine the parent as to his ability to maintain the child before the Judge of such Division Court, who may, if he thinks fit, make an order on such parent, step-parent, or guardian for the payment of a weekly sum, not exceeding $1.50 per week, to the school trustees, during the whole or any part of the period of the child's detention in the school. (lb., s. 22.) This order has the same effect as a judgment in the Division Court. (lb.) The order may be varied from time to time by the Judge, as circumstances require, on the application of either the school trustees or the person on whom the order is made, fourteen days' notice of the application being first given to the other party. (lb., s. 23.) And when a child has been sent by a Judge or magistrate to an industrial school, who has not resided in the city or town in which such school is situated, or to which it is attached, for a period of one year, but has resided in some other county, city, or separated town, the Duties of Trustees. 157 school trustees may recover from the corporation of such Sec. io3. county, city, or separated town, the expense of maintaining the child. ( H'-, s. 25, s-s. i.) If the child has resided for one year in the city in which the school is situated, or to which it is attached, but has since such residence resided in some other municipality for one year, the school trustees may recover the expense of maintenance for one year from the corporation of the county, city, or separated town in which the child last resided. ( Ih.^ s. 25, s-s. 2.) And when the child has resided for one year, i)revious to its admission to the school, in the city or town in which such school is situated, or to which it is attached, such city or town must pay at least $2.00 per week towards the cost of maintaining such child, if its maintenance is not otherwise provided for ; and such city or town can recover from the child's parents, if able to pay it, the amount so paid by them. (Ib-^ s. 25, s-s. 3; 51 Vict., c. 39, s. I.) The trustees, on receiving satisfactory evidence that the parents of any child in the school are in every respect fit and proper persons to have the custody, control, and training of such child, can discharge said child to the parents. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 234, s. 29.) They can also do so where, the child's parents being dead, some person comes forward and offers to make suitable provision for the care, nurture, and education of such child, giving satisfactory security for the performance of the obligations such person takes upon himself. (lb.) The duties of school trustees under The Act resfiectins' Duties of -« "J trustees under Vaccination and Inoculation, R.S.O., 1887, chapter 206 The Vaccina- " ^ ' tion Act. have already been referred to under sub-section 4 of section 107 of the principal Act ; ante p. 147. And public school trustees may also borrow money P°wers of ■' ^ trustees under from municipal corporations for school purposes under The Consoii- ' ' dated Munici- The Consolidated Municipal Act, 55 Vict., c. 42, section pa' Act. 379 of which provides that "any municipal corporation having surplus moneys set apart for educational purposes may, by by-law, invest the same in a loan or loans to any board of school trustees within the limits of the munici- pality for such term or terms, and at such rate or rates of 158 Public Schools Act. Sees. 108, interest, as may be agreed upon by and between the parties ^°^' to such loan or loans respectively, and may be set fonh in such by-law; or may, by by-law, grant any portion of such moneys, or other general funds, by way of gift to aid poor school sections within the municipality." It will be noticed that the first part of the section only applies to municipal corporations " having surplus moneys set apart for educational purposes"; while the latter part contains no such restrictions. The grant may be out of the moneys mentioned in the first part of the section, or out of " other general funds." SCHOOL ASSESSMENT. Township 109. (1). The municipal council of every council to levy for"c/ho''o"''^'* township shall levy and collect by assessment, purfoses. ^^^^ ^j^^ taxablc property of the Public School supporters of the whole township, in the manner provided by this Act, and by the municipal and assessment Acts, the sum of ^100 at least for every Public School therein in which a Public School has been kept open the whole year exclusive of vacations. Where the Public School has been kept open for six months or over, a proportionate amount of the said sumi of $100 at least shall be levied and collected by assessment upon the taxable property of the whole township. An additional sum of $50 at least shall be levied and col- lected in a similar manner for every assistant teacher engaged for the whole year, and a proportionate amount if such assistant teacher is engaged for six months or over. In townships, cities, towns, and incorporated villages, the assessment is made by the regular municipal assessors; School Asshssmiint. 159 in cities, towns, and incorporated villages, for an aniuuni Sec. 109. sufficient to cover the estimates sent in by the school boards of the same respectively (s. 107, s-s. 10); in town ships, in the manner provided hy the above section. In unorganized townships a duly qualified person is appointed by the trustees of all the sections in such township to make out the assessment roll for the township (s. 45). An appeal lies against the certified assessment roll to the Stipendiary Magistrate or Judge of the district or county (s. 49). In the other cases the assessors are the municipal assessors, and the procedure, in case of appeal, is regulated by The Consolidated Assessment Act. The above section regulates the minimum sum which is to be raised by assessment in every township. The muni- cipality may be required by the trustees to raise further sums. (See sub-section 3 of this section.). (2). In the case of union school sections the municipal council of each municipality of which the union school section is composed shall levy and collect upon the taxable prop- erty of the respective municipalities the said sum in the proportion fixed by the equaliza- tion provided under section 95 of this Act. (3). The municipal council of the township shall collect from the taxable property in each section such other sums as may be required by the trustees thereof for school purposes. See remarks and cases under section 40(8) and section 107 (10). See also, as to equalization of school assessments, sections 95 and 96 ; and as to the provisions in regard to land situated in two or more school sections, section 12 (2). The meaning of this section is explained hy section 2 of 55 Victoria, chapter 60, as follows : "To remove doubts, section 109 of T/w Public Schools Act, iSgi, shall be con- strued to mean that union school seciions composed of i6o Public Schools Act. Sees. 109, part of a township, and any incorporated village or town, 110, III. ^j^^^jj ^^^^ ^^ included within the provisions of said section 109." City, town or village council to levy sums required for school pur- poses. Clerk to give copy of assess- ment to inspector. 110. The municipal council of every city, town and incorporated village shall levy and collect upon the taxable property of the municipality, in the manner provided in this Act, and in the municipal and assessment Acts, such sums as may be required by the Public School trustees for school purposes, subject to sections 116 and 117 of this Act. Section 116 provides (i) for the submission of the question to the vote of the electors where the municipal council refuses to raise or borrow the sum required ; or (2) that the council may pass a by-law for the purpose of raising or borrowing money on the requisition of the public school board for any of the purposes named in section 115; and section 117 provides for the form and term of the debenture. Under the Acts relating to public schools, trustees may at any time require their municipal council to impose and levy a rate for school purposes ; they are not bound to wait until a copy of the revised assessment roll for the particular year has been transmitted to the clerk of the municipality, but may and can use the existing revised assessment roll. ( Chief Superintendent of Education, In re Hoggw Rogers, 15 C. P. 417) For form of requisition on municipal council for school moneys, see Form 75, Appendix A. 111. (i). The clerk of every municipality shall upon request, furnish the Public School inspector with a statement of the assessed value of each school section as shown by the revised assessment roll for that year. Such School Assessment. i6i clerk shall be entitled to reasonable payment ^ecs. m from the council for the above mentioned services. The trustees are also entitled to see the original assess- ment roll, and, where the clerk of the township refuses to produce it for their inspection, he can be compelled to do so by mandamus. (In re Trustees of Union School Sections Nos. II Otonabee, lo Douro, and ii Asphodel v. Casement, 17 Q.B. 275.) (2). The clerk of every municipality shall, be^/urSed to at the request of any board of trustees, furnish ^°^'^'^ ^>' '='*''■''• the board with a statement showing the several parcels or lots of land composing the school section for which they are trustees, the assess- ment of such parcel or lot and the amount of taxes entered on the collector's roll against each parcel of such lands. The cost of pre- paring such statement shall be paid by the board of trustees applying for the same. If the township clerk neglects to perform the duties prescribed in the foregoing section for a period of one month, he is liable to a penalty of $10.00 (s. 186). 112. The council of every municipality ^^^,'5^'^']^!^™^"' may, in addition to any demand made by requisition of the public school trustees, raise by assessment such other sums as it may deem expedient for the establishment and maintenance of a Public School library, or for aiding new or weak schools within such municipality, or for the support of Model schools, or for supplementing teachers' sal- aries. It does not seem necessary under this section for the i62 Public Schools Act. Sees. 112, trustees to requisition the council to raise sums for the ^' ' above purposes ; but the council have the power to raise such sums over and above the amount of the estimates furnished by the trustees. S"ofcep-'"^ 113. The clerk of every municipality m supports" which any Separate School section or part of a section is situate, shall, not later than the first day of December in each year, make out and transmit to the county school inspector a list of the supporters of Separate Schools against whom any county rate for Public School purposes has been erroneously placed upon the collector's roll showing the amount so rated against each and the total amount so Separate school rated. Thc countv inspector shall, before amounts to be _ _ _ -^ deducted. issuing his order for the payment of the county grant to the Public School sections, deduct therefrom the amount so certified to him by the clerk of such municipality, and shall give the trustees of the Separate School section an order on the township treasurer for the amount thereof, and it shall be the duty of such treasurer to pay over the same. As to the payment of the county grant, see sections 122 and 123, and remarks thereunder. If the township clerlj makes default in the performance of above duty for one month, a penalty not exceeding $10.00 may be inflicted upon liim (s. 186). ci.rk to trans- 114. It shall bc thc duty of every county init minutf s of j j j MilTis'ter'^' '" clerk to furnish the Minister of Education with a copy of the minutes of the council relating to school assessments and other School Debentures. 163 educational matters and to transmit to the Sees. 114, 115. Minister, on or before the first day of March in each year, a certified copy in the form provided, of the abstract of the report of the auditors for the precedini^ year. SCHOOL DEBENTURES. 115. (i). On the apphcation of any board Township ^ _ -^ school deben- of rural school trustees for the issue of deben- '"'^^^• tures for the purchase of a school site or sites, for the erection of a schoolhouse or school- liouses, or any addition thereto, or for the purchase or erection of a teacher's residence, the municipal council of the township shall pass a by-law for the said purpose, and shall forthwith issue a debenture or debentures to be repayable out of the taxable property of the school section concerned, and subject to the limitations contained in this Act, provided P-^o^iso. always the proposal for such loan has been submitted by the trustees to and sanctioned at a special meeting of the ratepayers of the section, called for the purpose. The Consolidated Miniicipal Act, 55 Vict., c. 42, s. 340 (3), provides that any by-law passed for contracting debts by borrowing money or otherwise, and for levying rates for the payment of such debts, " shall settle a specific sum, to be raised annually, for the payment of interest during the currency of the debentures ; also a specific sum for the payment of the debt ; such sum to be such as will be sufficient, with the estimated interest on the investments thereof, to discharge the debt when payable." The by-law is to settle a specific sum to be raised annually ; it is not to leave it to a municipal officer to be 164 Public Schools Act. Sec. 115. computed. (Canada Co. v. Middlesex, 10 Q.B. 93.) This section of the Municipal Act is applicable to by-laws granting to trustees of school sections authority to issue debentures for the erection of a schoolhouse. (In re Mclntyre and Elderslie, 27 C.P. 58.) It is provided by section 342 of The Consolidated Alunicipal Act that the council may, in its discretion, make the principal of the debt payable by annual instalments. It has been held that municipal corporations cannot raise money at a rate of interest exceeding six per cent. ( Wilsoti and the Munici- pal Council of Elgin, 13 Q.B. 218.) But see now North Givillimbury v. Moore, 15 C.P. 445 ; In re Nichol and Alnwick, 41 Q.B. 577 ; Scottish American Investment Co. V. Elora, 6 A.R. 628. The sinking fund for the payment of debentures is a debt, and a corporation can be compelled by mandamus to levy the rate. (Clarke v. Palmerston, 6 O.R. 616.) It does not appear to be necessary that the by-law should set forth the estimates on which it is founded. The Court will intend that proper estimates have been made, in the absence of evidence that they are wanting. If the rate is demonstrated to be insufficient, the by-law may be quashed. The corporation has no power by resolution to appropriate money from the investment of the sinking fund to any other purpose. (Re Barber and Ottaiva, 39 Q.B. 406.) As to what is a sufficient submission by the trustees to the ratepayers, see In re McCormick and the Township of Colchester South, 46 Q.B. 65. By-laws substituting a different system for the support of public schools from that laid down by the School Acts are bad, as are also by-laws carrying out such a system. (In re Danlop and the Cotporation of the Totvnship of Douro, 18 Q.B. 227.) The school meeting has the right to object to a loan by the trustees, or to a levy of a rate by the township council, for the purposes mentioned in above section. In other words, it has full power to discuss with the trustees and decide with them upon the expediency of the proposed \ outlay, its amount, or any particular item in the estimate. School Debentures. 165 The final result of the discussion at the meeting should be Sec. 115. embodied in formal resolutions for the guidance of the trustees, and on which they can, if the outlay be approved, base their estimate and requisition to the township council. (2). All applications for a loan, for the pur- f„pp'^^^\;°'j^\*^°[ poses herein mentioned, shall be made by the [Srlslfued by P . , . . . council. trustees 01 a union school section to the council of the municipality within which the schoolhouse or site of such union section is situated, and all debentures for the payment of such loan shall be issued by such munici- pality. Any other municipality or munici- palities forming part of the union school section shall pay, on the requisition of the clerk of the municipality, by which the debentures were issued, as they come due, its or their share of the loan, including interest, so made according to its or their liability for school purposes, as determined by section 95 of this Act. (3). Where application is made by a union section composed of a town or incorporated village and part of the adjoining township or townships and the schoolhouse is situated in such town or village, all applications for the issue of debentures for school purposes shall in such cases be subject to the provisions of sections 116 and 117 of this Act. (4). Notwithstanding any alteration which ,^'3^„^;"'y^°'' may be made in the boundaries of any school section, the taxable property situated in the i66 Public Schools Act. Sec. 115. school section at the time when such loan was effected, shall continue to be liable for the rate which may be levied by the township council for the repayment of the loan. Expenses of (^)_ Thc cxpcnses of preparing and pubHsli- by-iaws. -j^g ^^y by-law or debentures under the said section 115 and all other expenses incident thereto, shall be paid by the school section on whose behalf such debentures were issued, and the amount of such expenses may be deducted from any school rates collected by the municipal council for such school section, anything in T/ie Public ScJiools Act to the contrary notwithstanding. This sub-section has been added by 55 Vict., c. 60, s. 3. By section 118 of this Act all sums levied under section 115 are to be paid over to the secretary-treasurer of the trustees on or before the 15th December in each year, with- out any deduction whatever ; but that section is now over- ridden to the extent indicated by above sub-section. Submission question to vote of 116. (i). Where application is made by a 'of'dec'tSrs°'^°"' township board of trustees, or by the trustees of any city, town or incorporated village for any of the purposes mentioned in the pre- ceding section, and where the municipal council refuse to raise or borrow the sum retiuired, then the question shall be sub- mitted by the municipal council, if requested by the board of trustees, to the vote of the electors of the municipality who are sup- porters of Public Schools, in the manner provided by The Municipal Act for the School Debentures. 167 creatinor of debts, and in the event of the ^^^s- "6- assent of such electors being thereby obtained, then it shall be the duty of such council to raise or borrow such sum. Under The Consolidated Municipal Act, the voters under a by-law are not in all cases the same as ordinary electors. By-laws creating debts, not payable in the same municipal year, usually provide for the payment of the debt in a term of years mentioned in the by-law. Leaseholders whose leases are for a less term than the term mentioned in the by-law, or in which the lessee is not bound to pay munici- pal taxes, have no right to vote. (Erwin v. Tozvnsend, 21 C.P. 330.) But under the foregoing section, every elector of the municipality who is rated as a supporter of public schools is entitled to vote. See sections 340, et set/., of T/ie Consolidated Municipal Act respecting by-laws creating debts. By-laws creating debts are required to be registered within two weeks after the final passing thereof in the proper county or other registry ofiice. (55 Vict., c. 42, s- 35'-) For form of by-law to raise money under this section, see Form 4j, Appendix A. (2). The municipal council may, if deemed expedient, without submitting the same to a vote of the ratepayers of such municipality, as required by The Alimicipal Act^ for the creating of debts, pass a by-law for the pur- pose of raising or borrowing money, on the requisition of the Public School board, for any of the purposes named in the preceding section, 117. Any debenture issued by any munici- ^>™ ^"<^ '^'■"^ ^ ■J J of debenture. pality for school purposes may be in the form i68 Public Schools Act. Sees. 117, given by this Act, and for such term of years 118. t> J ' J and for such amount as the council shall see fit, not exceeding thirty years, or the municipal council may in its discretion make the prm- cipal and interest of such debt repayable by annual or other instalments, in the manner Rev.stat..c.i84.pj.Q^l^g^ in The Municifol Act . See sections 340 and sub-sections thereof, and 342 and sub-sections thereof, of The Consolidated Miadcipal Act i8g2. For form of debenture, see Form 44, Appendix A. School moneys Hg. All sums Icvicd and collected by the —when to be ■' paid over. municipal council of any township for school purposes shall be paid over to the secretary- treasurer of the board of trustees, without any deduction whatever, on or before the 15th day of December in each year. See sub-section 5 of section 115, which provides for the deduction from above sums of the expenses of pubHsh- ing by-laws, and which to that extent overrides this section. Where the municipal council collect and receive from the school rate necessarily imposed by them to procure the amount demanded by the school trustees a small surplus over and above such amount, the school trustees are entitled to such surplus, which may be said to be the necessary increment or addition produced by a rate in good faith imposed and levied by the township to raise the sum demanded. (Public School Trustees of Section p, Nottaivasaga v. The Corporation of the Toivnship of Notta- zvasaga, 15 A. R. 310.) If the rate is substantially excessive, it, or the by-law imposing it, may be quashed or set aside ; but it is not objectionable merely because it will produce, if levied and collected from all the parties assessed, a sum slightly in School Debenturks. i6g excess of that required. (In re Hawkins v. The Municipal Sees. ii8, Councils of Huron, Perth, and Bruce, 2 C.P., at p. 89 ; /;/ re De La Have and the Municipality of the Gore of Toronto, 3 C.P. 23.) The surplus incidentally arising from the collection of a school rate cannot be appropriated to the general purposes of the township. (Public School Trustees V. Nottawasaga, supra.) 119. When, in the opinion of any rural •'^pp''':fi°"*° ' I J council for school corporation it is not desirable to apply *''''°°'"'°"^^^- to the municipal council for the issue of debentures for any of the purposes mentioned . in this Act, such trustees may, without a vote of the ratepayers of the section, require the municipal council to raise, by one yearly rate, such sums as may be necessary for the pur- chase of a school site, the erection, or purchase of a schoolhouse or teacher's residence. 120. No township council shall levy or pg°."y"„";^,.^°'ba°n collect in any school section during any one °n certafn''c''a's73! year more than one school rate except for the purchase of a school site, or for the erection of a schoolhouse. Discretion is given by this section to the township council in regard to the time at which the debentures necessary for these purposes shall be issued. Olrt- ay bor- 121. Any rural school corporation may, |j^|5°°^^°'^p^ with the consent of the ratepayers of their ',°o'' ^"''^'"^ school section first had and obtained at a special meeting duly called for that purpose, by resolution authorize the borrowing from any municipal corporation of any surplus moneys derived from the Ontario municipali- 170 Public Schools Act. Sees. 121, ^-jgs fund, or from any other source, for such 122. ^ . term and at such rate of interest as may be set forth in such resolution, for the purpose of purchasing a school site or school sites, or erecting a schoolhouse or schoolhouses ; and any sum or sums so borrowed shall be applied to that purpose, and to that only. " The Ontario Municipalities Fund " is a fund formed from moneys arising from the Clergy Reserves in Ontario. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 30, s. I.) The moneys forming this fund are paid into the hands of the Provincial Treasurer, to be by him applied for certain purposes. (lb., s. 2.) The amount of the fund remaining unexpended and unappro- priated on the 31st December in each year shall be added to the amount voted by the legislature for the support of public and separate schools for the succeeding year, and sliall by the Minister of Education be included in the distribution of the legislative grant to the several munici- palities, as provided by this Act. (lb., s. 3.) LEGISLATIVE AND COUNTY GRANT. Appomonment 122. (i). All sums of moncy voted by the Legislative Assembly for the support of Public and Separate Schools shall be apportioned annually on or before the first day of May by the Minister of Education to the several counties, townships, cities, towns, and incor- porated villages according to the population in each as compared with the whole population of Ontario, as shown by the last annual returns received from the clerks of the respective counties, cities and towns separated from a county, of which apportionment due notice I Legislative and County Grant. 171 shall bei^jiven to the clerks of the municipalities ^ecs. 122, J ^ 123. concerned. For form of notice of apportionment, see Form ^y, Appendix A. (2). The money so apportioned shall be G>ant payable ^ ' J I I on the first of payable by the Provincial Treasurer on or {"3^^.'" '''"''' before the first da}' of July in every year to the treasurer of every county, city, town and village in such way as the Lieutenant-Governor ma}- from time to time direct. (3). The county council shall cause to be to raise equKa- lent to LcisIr- levied yearly upon the several townships of '''^^J''^°°^ the county, such sums of money for Public School purposes as shall be at least equal (clear of all charges of collection) to the amount of school money apportioned by the Minister of Education to the several town- ships of the said county for the year, such sums to be payable to the township treasurer on or before the fourteenth day of December in each year. 123. (i). The county inspector shall, half- distribution into sections yearl}', unless otherwise directed by the ^"'^ '^''■'''°"^- Minister of Education, distribute among the school sections and divisions of each township under his jurisdiction their respective portions of the Public School grant voted by the Legis- lative Assembly or raised by county rate according to the average attendance of pupils at each Public School as compared with the whole average number of pupils attending the 172 Public Schools Act. Sec. 123. Public Schools of every such township, and all such sums shall be payable by the township treasurer to the order of the secretary or secretary-treasurer of the board of trustees on the inspector's order. Notice of the amount payable to each school section shall be given by the inspector to the secretary or secretary- treasurer of the section. Although the county inspector is required to distribute among the school sections and divisions of each township under his jurisdiction their respective portions of the public school grant voted by the Legislative Assembly or raised by the county rate as above provided, yet he should not give an order to pay any portion of the fund to the trustees of any rural school section should they have neglected to transmit to the county inspector their half- yearly returns on 30th June and 31st December (s. 206). Nor shall the inspector pay any portion of the legislative or municipal grant to any school in which the use of unauthorized text-books has been permitted by the teacher (s. 1 74) ; nor where the school has been open for less than six months in the year (s. 155, s-s. 4^) ; nor where the trustees fail to comply with the School Act, or the regula- tions of the Education Department (s. 155, s-s. 4c). It is the duty of the township treasurer to pay the order as above ; and if, having the money in his hands, he refuses so to do, a mandamus will lie. ( Welsh v. Leahy, 18 C.P. 48.) The order must be strictly drawn in accordance with the statute ; otherwise it cannot be enforced. (I^>-) For form of inspector's warrant for the payment of the school grant, see Form 46, Appendix A. (2). The county inspector shall apportion any sum voted by the Legislative Assembly for improving the fifth form of Public Schools as may be directed by the regulations of the Education Department. Treasurers of School Moneys. 173 treasurers of school moneys. ^^'^^- "4. 125. 124. (i). For all school purposes in town- coumTT^eas- 1 • 1 1 • i lit! "■'6'' '° p*y ships the township treasurers shall be con- sciiooi assess- ^ ment to town- sidered sub-treasurers of the county treasurer: ship treasurer. provided always that the county council may by by-law constitute the county treasurer, the sub-treasurer for such municipalities within the county as may be deemed expedient. reasurer s es, etc. (2). Every sub-treasurer shall be subject to^JiJiJ, the same responsibilities and obligations in respect to the accounting for school moneys, and the payment of lawful orders for such moneys given by any county inspector as are imposed by this Act upon every county treasurer, in respect to the paying and accounting for school moneys. 125. The treasurer and his sureties shall J^rS^^respon- b-i 1 1 j_ I ^ r 11 sible to niuni- e responsible and accountable tor school dpaiity. moneys to the county, city or town, and any bond or security given by them for the duly accounting for and paying over moneys coming into his hands, belonging to the county, city or town, shall be taken to apply to all Public School moneys, and may be enforced against the treasurer or his sureties, in case of default on his part. No power is conferred by T/ie Consolidated Mimicipal Act upon treasurers authorizing them to accept orders for the payment of school teachers' salaries, nor can a treasurer bind a corporation by his acceptance of such orders. ( Munson V. Col/ingivood, 9 C.P. 497 ; Smith v. Colli ngivood, 19 Q.B. 259.) 174 Public Schools Act. Sees. 125, Accounting for moneys includes payment over. '"^- (Mailing V. Chalkiii, 3 M. & S. 502.) It is the duty of the treasurer to receive and keep safely moneys belonging to the corporation, and to pay out the same in such a manner as is appointed either by statute, or by-law, or resolution of his municipality. (55\'ict.,. c. 42, s. 250.) The treasurer should not pay money on an illegal order or resolution, for an Act of Parliament should be regarded by him as a higher authority than the by-law or resolution of a corporation (Daniels v. Burford, 10 Q.B. 480) ; and if a treasurer so pay money on an illegal order or resolution, he would be probably subject to criminal prosecution. ( East Nissouri \ . Horseman^ 16 Q.B. 580.) And under section 250 of The Consolidated Municipal Act, a treasurer is not liable to an action for any moneys paid by him in accordance with any by-law or resolution passed by the council of the municipality of which he is treasurer, unless where another disposition is expressly made of such moneys by statute. (^55 Vict., c. 42, s. 250.) The by-law or resolution referred to here, whether legal or illegal, if requiring him to pay the money, is a protection to him. In an action by the corporation of a county against their treasurer on his bond, where it was proved that government money, charged by him as paid over to the government, was not so paid, it was held unnecessary to show a demand of the government upon him for the money in order to entitle the corporation to recover. (Essex v. Park, 11 C.P. 473.) And where certain moneys are paid to the treasurer cf a municipality through his agents, for the purposes of a certain school, and he admits the receipt of the same for that special purpose, and his agents become insolvent before paying over the money, an action for this money will lie against the treasurer. ( The Joint Board of Grammar and Common School Trustees of the Village of Caledonia v. Farrell, 27 Q.B. 321.) Bonds to apply 126. Tlic bond of tlic trcasurcr and his to school moneys. etc. surctics sHall apply to school moneys, and ail public moneys of the Province, and, in case TUEASUKEKS OF SCHOOL MONEYS. 1 75 of any defciult, Her Majesty may enforce the ^^^^- ^^^' responsibility of the county, city or town, either by stopping a like amount out of any public moneys payable to the county, city, or town, or to the treasurer thereof, or by action against the corporation. Where a bond, instead of using the words in the statute, limited the responsibih'ty to moneys coming into the treasurer's hands, applicable to the general uses of the municipality, it was held that Clergy Reserve moneys and money derived from the distribution of the Provincial surplus which had by by-law been specifically appropriated to educational purposes, were not within the condition of the bond, and that the operation of the bond was not extended by R.S.O., 1877, c. 204, s. 221, which is identical with above section. ( Oakland \. Proper, 1 O. R. 330.) If the condition of the bond of a public officer substan- tially comply with the requirements of the statute, Courts will endeavor to sustain the bond as against technical defences. (Baby v. Baby, 8 Q.B. 76.) It is no objection to the bond that it was executed before appointment to office was made. (Essex v. Strong, 21 Q.B. 149.) The invalidity of the appointment cannot be set up as a defence to an action on a bond where moneys have been collected. (Hoboke)i V. Harrison, i Vroom. (N.J.) 73 ; Seiple v. Eliza/>efh, 3 Dutch. (N.J.) 407); nor can irregularities in the mode of appointment. (Whitby v. Harrison, 18 Q.B. 603 ; Wliitly V. Flint, 9 C.P. 449 ; Todd v. Perry, 20 Q.B. 649.) See also Keith v. Feneloti Falls Union School Section et al, 3 O.R. 194, cited under section -XtZ (2). 127. Any person aggrieved by the default cuy. etc.^^ ^^^ of the municipal treasurer may recover from f/e'rs"ur°/, etc. the corporation of any city, county or town, the amount due or payable to such person as money had and received to his use. 176 Public Schools Act. Sees. 128, 128. Any collector appointed by a board of 129, 130. -' \ * ■' c u \ — ., . trustees for the collection of school fees, or bcbool collector ' same obiiga-"° any trcasuTcr or secretary-treasurer having coiilctorl "^ the custody of school moneys shall discharge similar duties and be subject to similar obligations and penalties and have similar powers as the like officers in the municipality. The collector and treasurer or secretary-treasurer should make a declaration of office (Form 22, Appendix A) similar to that required to be made by collectors, treasurers, and other officers of municipal corporations under section 271 of The Cotisolidated Municipal Act ; but it seems that the effect of the collector or treasurer not making and sub- scribing such declaration is not to make his acts void. (Lewis V. Brady, 17 O.R. 377.) Clerks to make 129. Thc clcrk of cvcry county shall make a returns of ■' ■' population. return to the Minister of Education showing the population of each minor municipality within the county, and the clerk of every city and of every town separated from a county shall make a return showing the population of such city or town, as shown by their respective assessment rolls for the previous year, said returns to be made on or before the first day of April in each year. JnSy-iaws"^ 130. (i). Trustccs shall not be liable to not liable. ^^^, prosccution, or the payment of an}- damages, for acting under any by-law of a municipal council before it has been quashed. (2). In case a by-law, order or resolution of a municipal council is illegal, in whole or in part, and in case anything has been done Duties of Teachers. 177 under it, which by reason of the illegality See. 130. gives any person a right of action, no such action shall be brought until one month has elapsed after the by-law, order or resolution has been quashed or repealed, nor until one month's notice in writing of the intention to bring such action has been given to the cor- poration. It is absolutely necessary that the by-law should be either quashed or repealed, ajidz. month's notice of intention to bring action be given before such action can be brought. ( Carmichael v. Slater et al.^ g C.P. 423 ; Smith v. The Cor- poration of the City of Toronto, 11 C.P. 200.) The above enactment applies only to suits for damages, not to replevin. ( Wihon V. Corporation of the County of Middlesex, 18 Q.B. 348.) (3). Every such action shall be brought against the municipal corporation alone, and not against any person acting under the by- law, order or resolution. The action must be brought against the municipal cor- poration alone, and not against the individuals acting under the by-law. ( Carmichael \. Slater, 9 C.P. 423.) DUTIES OF TEACHERS. See remarks as to teachers under section 2(1). By the Departmental Regulations, it is provided that where, in a public school, more than one teacher is employed, the head teacher shall be called the Principal, and the other teachers. Assistants. (D.R., s. 6, s-s i.) It is the duty of the principal to prescribe, with the concurrence of the board of trustees, the duties of the assistants, and he is responsible for the organization and discipline of the whole school. He should consult the inspector, when deemed necessary, with regard to a time table, the course of study, or any 178 Public Schools Act. Duties of public school teacher. Sees. 130, other matter affecting the organization of the school. (D.R., s. 6, s-s. 2.) 131. It shall be the duty of every teacher of a Public School : — In addition to the duties of a school teacher set out in the following sub-sections, certain additional preliminary duties are prescribed by the rules of the Education Depart- ment. The teacher should see that the schoolhouse is ready for the reception of pupils at least fifteen minutes before the time prescribed for opening the school in the morning, and five minutes before the time for opening in the afternoon (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 1); he should classify his pupils strictly according to the programme of studies prescribed by the Education Department, and should make no departure from such classification without the consent of the board of trustees and the inspector (lb., s-s. 2) ; he should prepare a time table to be posted in some conspicu- ous part of the room for the guidance of himself and his pupils (lb., s-s. 3); and he should prevent the use by pupils of unauthorized text-books (lb., s-s. 4) ; otherwise his school will not receive any portion of the legislative grant (s. 174). (1). To teach diligently and faithfully all the subjects required to be taught in the school, according to the terms of his engage- ment with the trustees, and according to the provisions of this Act and the regulations of the Education Department. The subjects required to be taught in the public schools are prescribed from time to time by the Education Depart- ment. For those in use at the present time, see D.R., s. 8. The teacher should conduct every exercise and recitation from the text-books prescribed for public schools (see Appendix) in the English language. All communications between teacher and pupil in regard to matters of discipline To teach ac- cording to law. Duties of Teachers. 179 and in the management of the school shall be in English, Sec. 131. except as this may be impracticable by reason of the pupil not understanding English. Recitations in French or Ger- man may be conducted in the language of the text-book. (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 13.) Teachers are also required by the Education Depart- ment to make suitable comments upon the Act respecting the use of Tobacco by Minors, 55 Vict., c. 52, two or three times each school term, so that it may be brought more prominently to the notice of both scholars and parents, and thus become more effective in accomplishing the good aimed at. It is the duty of inspectors and principals to give instructions to this effect to the teachers. See Appendix for the text of the Act. It is the duty of the trustees to see that the prescribed programme is carried out (s. 40, s-s. 4 ; s. 107, s-s. 8). The regulations in regard to teachers should be em- bodied in the by-laws of the school board, and, under the agreement with the teachers, should be made part and parcel thereof, so as to bring it within the provisions of this section, both for the legal protection of the board and the teachers. (2). To keep in the prescribed form the ^o keep the ^ ' J^ ^ register of the general, daily, class, or other registers of the^''^°°^- school, and to record therein the attendance, promotion or removal of the pupils of the school. The teacher should make at the end of each school term, or at such other time as may be approved by the inspector, and subject to revision by him, such promotions from one class to another as he maydeem expedient. (D.R., s. 7,s-s. 5.) As to penalty for keeping false registers, see s. 208 (i). (3). To maintain proper order and discipline To^mamt^ain in his school, according to the prescribed '^'"'"'p''"^- regulations. The teacher should practise such discipline in his i8o Public Schools Act. Sec. 131. school as would be exercised by a kind, firm, and judicious parent ; he should reprove his pupils with tenderness and becoming deliberation, and should aim at governing them through their affections and reason rather than by force ; he should encourage his pupils to entertain kindly feelings pne towards another, to respect each other's rights, to be polite in and out of school, to form habits of honesty and truthfulness, to obey all persons in authority over them, to cultivate a patriotic interest in their country, and to dis- countenance quarrelling, cruelty to animals, and the use of profane or other improper language. (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 6.) The teacher may, in case any pupil is guilty of per- sistent truancy ; violent opposition to authority ; the repetition of any offence after being warned ; habitual and wilful neglect of duty ; using profane or improper language ; cutting, marring, destroying, or defacing any part of the school property ; writing any obscene words on the fences, water-closets, or any part of the school premises ; or of general bad conduct, injurious to the moral tone of the school, suspend such pupil for one month, or until such suspension is removed on assurance of better conduct, or by order of the board of trustees. (D.R., s. 6, s-s. 6.) And see D.R., s. 6, s-s. 16. And where a pupil has been sus- pended, the Court should not interfere unless they can come to the conclusion that no discretion rested in the teacher or trustees, and that no official judgment was re- quired or permitted. (High on Extraordinary Legal Reme- dies, 2nd. ed., p. 26.) These regulations as to suspension should be strictly followed. It would be very unwise of the teacher to depart from them, and order something to be done by the pupil not thereby contemplated. (Re McCallum and Board of Public School Trustees of Section 6, Towtiship of Brant, 17 O.R. 451.) The teachers have only the power to suspend pupils, and they cannot deny the right of attendance at the school, and their action in so doing would be illegal. (In re the Minister of Education, Mclntyre v. Public School Trustees of Section 8, in the Township of Blanchard, 11 O.R. 439.) In Pe Yuill, an unreported case, it was held that an Duties of Teachers. i8i application for mandamus would not lie to correct a sup- Sec. 131. posed error of teacher or trustee in a matter of discipline, and that such an application was practically an appeal from the decision of the teacher and trustees. A pupil who refuses to give information in his possession concerning the obscene defacement of a school building by another is properly suspended. (Board of Education v. Helston, 32 111. App. 300.) And a pupil under suspension who insolently defies and applies profane and obscene epithets to a board of school trustees before whom he has been summoned forfeits his rights, if any, to reinstatement. » (Id.) The suspension of a pupil until his compliance with the requirements of the board of school trustees will not be construed to continue beyond the current school year. (Il>.) In England, a schoolmaster of a board school has the right to corporally punish pupils for misconduct, and for that purpose stands, for the time being, in loco parentis. In Cleary v. Booth., (1893) i Q.B. 465; 29 C.L.J. 286, it was decided that a l)oard schoolmaster has authority to inflict corporal punishment on a pupil for misconduct to another pupil when both are on their way to, but outside and at a distance from, the school premises. Mr. Justice Lawrence stated that upon this point there was no distinct authority. The question was whether the head-master of of a board school might administer corporal punishment for something done outside the limits of the school. The facts were these : — Booth, a pupil at the board school, was on his way to school when he came across another boy of the same school, and it was complained that Booth threw a piece of putty, and with it hit the other boy. For this he was promptly caned by the master on his arrival at the school, on evidence brought before him by a witness. The learned judge was of opinion that a schoolmaster had authority delegated to him from the father, who must have been taken to delegate the authority exercised by the school- master here. The Education Code of 1892 provided that all " reasonable care " was to be taken in the management of the school "to bring up the children in habits of 'to i82 Public Schools Act. Sec. 131. punctuality, of good manners and language, of cleanliness and neatness, and also to impress upon the children the importance of cheerful obedience to duty, of consideration and respect for others, and of honor and truthfulness in word and act." How could this be carried out if the authority of the master was said to apply only to treatment of the children in school? If, for instance, a cleanly boy, at a distance of a yard outside the school, were to roll in the mud, and make use of bad language, should not the master have authority over him, and be able to inflict punishment at once ? It was not reasonable to hold that the parent's authority ended at the house door, and the schoolmaster's did not begin till at the school door. There must be authority in the schoolmaster to punish, especially for misconduct to another pupil. When giving judgment in Regina v. Hopley, 2 F. & F. 202, Lord Chief Justice Cockburn said : " By the law of England, the parent, or schoolmaster, who for this purpose represents the parent, and has parental authority delegated to him, may, for the purpose of correcting what is evil in the child, inflict moderate and reasonable corporal punish- ment, always, however, with the condition that it is moderate. If it be administered for the gratification of passion or rage, or if it be protracted beyond the child's power of endurance, or with an instrument unfitted for the purpose, and calculated to produce danger to life and limb, in all such cases the punishment is excessive and violent, and is unlawful ; and if evil consequence to life and limb ensue, then the person inflicting it is answerable to the law, and, if death ensue, it will be manslaughter." And in Fitzgerald v. Northcote, 4 F. & F. 656, it was held that the authority of the schoolmaster is, while it exists, the same as that of the parent ; and that it is for the general benefit of society, and especially of its youth, that the authority of those charged with the care of great scholastic establishments should be maintained, and, on the other hand, it is of ecjual importance that it should not be exercised arbitrarily. Duties of Teachers. 183 (4). To keep a visitors' book (which the Sec^ai. trustees shall provide) and enter therein the Ji°S book, visits made to his school. The visitors allowed by law are all judges, members of the Legislature, members of county councils, aldermen, and clergymen, who reside in the municipalities in which the schools are situate (s. 184). Besides these, there are also the trustees (s. 40, s-s. 4 ; s. 107, s-s. 8), and inspectors (s. 155, s-s. i). It would seem from the wording of the Act that no other persons have a legal right to visit the schools except those named (s. 1S5). See also remarks under sub-section 4 of section 40. (5). To give the trustees and visitors access To^gi^access at all times, when desired by them, to the ^'"'°'^^"°°'^- registers and visitors' book appertaining to the school ; (6). To deliver up any school registers, ^^^el^^^l^^up^^ visitors' book, schoolhouse key, or other ''''^" school property in his possession, on the demand or order of the majority of the cor- poration employing him. Any teacher who refuses to give up possession of any visitors' book, school register, schoolhouse key, or any other school property in his possession, shall not be deemed a qualified teacher until restitution is made, and shall also forfeit any claim he may have against the trustees employing him (s. 210, s-s. 2). (7), To hold during each term a public examination of his school, of which he shall give due notice to the trustees of the school, to any school visitors who reside in the school To hold public examinations. 1 84 Public Schools Act. Sec. 131. section and through the pupils to their parents or guardians ; To furnish in- (g) ^ fo fumish to the Minister of Educa- formation to V- / inlp^icwr""'^tion, or to the school inspector, from the trustees' report or otherwise, any information which it may be in his power to give respect- ing anything connected with the operations of his school, or in anywise affecting its interests or character. It is the duty of the teacher to make up all returns to the inspector or the Education Department, as far as the information required can be supplied from the school register, and to furnish such other information affecting the interests of his school as may from time to time be required by the Education Department or the inspector. (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 10.) To prepare reports. (g). To prepare, so far as the school registers supply the information, such reports of the corporation employing him as are required by the Education Department. See remarks under previous sub-section. for making false reports, see s. 208 (i). As to penalty t^es"o°funsani-" (lo)' To uotify thc trustccs, and in case of oldosTts'eu" their neglect, to notify the local board of health when the closets or outhouses belong- ing to the school are dangerous to the health of the pupils. The school teacher should give strict attention to the proper ventilation and cleanliness of the schoolhouse, and should make and enforce such rules as will ensure the keeping of the school grounds and outbuildings in a neat Duties of Teachers. 185 and cleanly condition. (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 7.) He should see Sec. 131. that the school grounds, sheds, and water-closets are kept in proper order ; and should give notice in writing to the trustees of any repairs required to be made to same. (lb., s-s. 8.) (11). To notify the medical health officer J,°{?„';^/;«;i„^, of the municipality, or where there is none to tTousiiseVse!"" notify the local board of health, whenever he has reason to believe that any pupil attending school is affected with or exposed to small- pox, cholera, scarlatina, diphtheria, whooping- cough, measles, mumps, glanders or other contagious disease, and to prevent the attend- ance of all pupils so exposed, or suspected of being exposed, until furnished with the written statement of the health officer, or of the local board of health, or of a physician, that such contagious diseases did not exist, or that all danger from exposure to any of them had passed away. Under this section, the teacher would appear to be a quasi officer of the medical health department of the municipality in which his school is, as he has to report direct to the medical health officer oi such municipality instead of to the trustees. The duty of the trustees in sanitary matters seems to be confined to looking after the sanitary condition of the schoolhouses and appendages (s. 40, s-s. 2 ; s. 107, s-s. 4). The general health of the children seems to be under the supervision of the medical health officer of the municipality or the local board of health, to which the teacher reports direct, as stated above. The Public Health Act, R.S.O., 1887, chapter 205, section 94, provides that "(i) Whenever a case of smallpox, cholera, scarlatina, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, mumps glanders, or i86 Public Schools Act. Sec. 131. other contagious disease, exists in any house or household belonging to which are persons attending school, the householder shall, within eighteen hours of the time such disease is known to exist, notify the head teacher of such school or schools, and also the secretary of the local board of health, of the existence of such disease ; and no member of such household shall attend school until a certificate has been obtained from the medical health officer, or legally qualified medical practitioner, that infection no longer exists in the house, and that the sick person, house, clothing, and other effects have been disinfected to his satisfaction ; and until such certificate shall have been obtained, it shall be the duty of every member of the household, and of the teacher, to use all reasonable efforts to prevent the association of members of the said house- hold with other children. "(2) Whenever the local board of health or any of its officers or members know of the existence in any house of smallpox, cholera, scarlatina, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, mumps, glanders, or other contagious disease, they shall at once notify the head or other master of the school or schools at which any member of the household is in attendance ; and should it not be evident that said member has not been exposed to said diseases, or any of them, the teacher must forthwith prevent such further attendance until the several members present a certificate stating that infection no longer exists, as provided in the preceding sub-section. "(3) Whenever a teacher in any school has reason to suspect that any pupil has, or that there exists in the home of any pupil, any of the above-mentioned diseases, he shall be required to notify the medical health officer, or, where none such exists, the local board of health, on forms supplied by the school authorities, in order that evidence may be had of the truthfulness of the report ; and he shall further be required to prevent the attendance of said pupil or pupils until medical evidence of the falsity of the report has been obtained." See, however, the powers of trustees as to vaccination, Duties of Teachers. 187 R.S.O., 1887, c. 206, s. 16, which provides that "it shall Sees. 131, be lawful for the trustees of any public, separate, or high ^ school to provide that no children shall be permitted to attend any school without producing a certificate of successful vaccination when demanded of him or her by the teacher.'' Teachers are further required by the rules of the Educa- tion Department to see that no damage is done to the furniture, fences, outbuildings, or other school property, and to give notice in wnting to the trustees of any necessary repairs (D.R., s. 7, s-s. 8) ; to employ, unless otherwise pro- vided for by the board of trustees, a suitable person to make fires, sweep the rooms, dust the walls, seats, desks, and other furniture (lb., s-s. 9); to attend r^ularly the teachers' institutes held in this country, and to contribute from his experience and obserNation to their general useful- ness (Fp., s-s. 1 1 ) ; to give immediate notice to the trustees and inspector of his absence from school through illness or other unavoidable cause (lb., s-s. 12) ; to take up no col- lections or subscriptions from the pupils, make no announce- ments, nor distribute bills or advertisements, except for school purposes, without the consent of the board of trustees (To., s-s. 14) ; to receive no presents fix)m the pupils, except when severing his connection with the school ; nor to give any medal or prize to any pupil without the consent of the board of trustees (lb., s-s. 15); and to avoid making up lost time by teaching on a hohday or during vacations. Any attendance during such time shall be disallowed by the inspector (lb., s-s. 16). AGREEMENTS. 132. All as^reements between trustees and ^»" teachers shall be in writing, simed bv the"***^ parties thereto, and sealed with the corporate seal of the trustees. The trustees under this section only act in their public i88 Public Schools Act. Sec. 132. corporate capacity, and, if acting within the scope of their authority, can only be charged in their corporate capacity, and not individually, under any agreement made between them and the teacher. (Anderson v. Vansittart et a!., 5 Q-B. 335; Sheriff v. Patterson et u/., 5 Q.B. 620.) See also remarks under section 7. It is necessary that the trustees, in order to be bound, should contract under their corporate seal, and a teacher in bringing an action against them under an agreement should allege that the agreement was so made. (Quin v. The School Trustees, 7 Q.B. 130.) The trustees and teacher cannot be regarded as master and servant under the Act respecting Master and Servant, R.S.O., 1887, c. 139; and a teacher cannot take proceedings under that Act against the trustees for the recovery of his salary. (In re Joice, 19 Q.B. 197.) Under the above section, a person can only become a pub- lic school teacher by agreement under seal, and any other agreement, verbal or written, would not be an agreement for that purpose with the school corporation. And no person should e.xpect to become a teacher under the school cor- poration, or should commence the performance of any duties, with a view to remuneration from the corporation, without the essential preliminary of a contract under seal. (Bir- mingkani v. Hungerford et ai., 19 C.P. 411.) A teacher, in order to recover in an action under the agreement between him and the trustee corporation employing him, must hold a legal certificate under section 134. (Wright v. The Trustees of School Section No. j, iti the Township of Stephen, 32 Q.B. 541.) An agreement by a rural school corporation to employ a teacher must be adopted at a regular or special meeting of the trustees, of which proper notice has been duly given, and a minute of the act must be made in writing and signed by at least two of the trustees ; otherwise it is invalid (s. 2,^-^). .■\.nd where an agreement to employ a teacher was made in writing, under seal, and signed by two of the three school trustees, but not at the same time, or at any meeting of the trustees called for the purpose of transacting school Agreements. 189 business, it was held to be void under said section 36. Sees. 132, TOO ( Liiinbiere v. The School Trustees of Section No. j, South Cayuga, 7 A.R. 506.) And a county superintendent signing, together with trustees, a contract with a teacher will be considered to have signed only as approving of the appointment, and not as contracting with the teacher. (Campbell v. Elliot et al., 3Q.B. 241.) In cities, towns, and incorporated villages, an agreement to employ a teacher must be adopted and assented to, by a majority, at a meeting of the board, which meeting can only properly act so as to bind the board when a majority of the members of such board are present, that majority constituting a quorum (s. 106, s-s. 5). Any action brought by a teacher against a board of school trustees under an agreement with them, for arrears of salary, must be brought within three months from the time such salary is due and payable by the trustees (s. 137). For form of agreement for engagement of a public school teacher, see Form ^7, Appendix A. 133. Any teacher who enters into an agree- f^/Ete'fof ment with the trustees of any Public School, ment.'°'''"" and who wilfully neglects or refuses to carry out such agreement shall, on the complaint of such school trustees, be liable to the suspen- sion of his certificate by the inspector under whose jurisdiction he may be for the time being. This section, together with section 144(1), provides a proceeding by which the status or qualification of the teacher may be determined ; and the result of such proceeding may be, in effect, the same as dismissal ; but the above sec- tion does not deprive the trustees of the inherent right to dismiss which necessarily arises from the relation of the parties as employer and person employed. (Raymond v. School Trustees of the Village of Cardinal, 14' A.R. 562.) igo Public Schools Act. t Sees. 133, For form of trustees' request to inspector to suspend a ■ teacher's certificate, see Form 48, Appendix A. ?eacher defined. 134. No persoH engaged to teach a Public School shall be deemed a qualified teacher who does not at the time of his engaging with the trustees, and during the whole period of such engagement, hold a legal certificate of qualification. See remarks under section 2, sub-section i. A teacher cannot recover against a trustee corporation on a claim for salary unless he holds the certificate men- tioned in above section. ( ]Vrii:^ht v. The Trustees of School Section No. j, i?i the Toivtishtp of Step heft, 32 Q.B. 541.) And any teacher who refuses to give up possession of any visitors' book, school register, schoolhouse key, or any other school property in his possession, shall not be deemed a qualified teacher until restitution is made, and shall also forfeit any claim which he may have against the trustees (s. 210, s-s. 2). Proportion of 135. Evcrv tcachcr who serves under an salary to which teacher entitled, agreement with a board of trustees for three months or over shall be entitled to be paid his salary for the authorized holidays occurring during the period of such service in the pro- portion which the number of days during which he has taught in the calendar year, bears to the whole number of teaching days in such year. ness caceofsick- 136. Evcry teacher shall be entitled to his ness. -^ salary during sickness, certified by a physician, for a period not exceeding four weeks for the Agreements. igi entire year ; this period may be increased at ^^'^s. 136, , , r ^ ^37. 138. 139- the pleasure 01 the trustees. The period should be increased by a formal resolution of the board, which should be entered upon the minutes of the board. 137. If at the expiration of a teacher's p-'o'^ction of ^ teachers in re- agreement with a board of trustees his salary ^^''"^'°'^'"^- has not been paid in full such salary shall continue to run at the rate mentioned in such agreement until paid, provided always that an action shall be commenced within three months after such salary is due and payable by the trustees. 138. All matters of difference between trus- Provisionin case of differ- tees and teachers, in regard to salary or other SeVaTcf" remuneration, shall be brought before the''"''^^'' Division Court of the district where the cause of action arose, subject to appeal, as provided by this Act. As to appeals from Division Court decisions, see sec- tions 179 to 183. 139. In pursuance of a iudf^ment or decision '^sueof '■ Jo execution given by a County Judge in a Division Court, under the authority of this Act, and not appealed from, execution may issue from time to time to recover what may be due of the amount which the Judge may have decided the plaintiff entitled to, in like manner as on a judgment recorded in a Division Court for a debt, together with all fees and expenses ig2 Public Schools Act. Sees. 139, incidental to the issuinsj thereof and levy 140. ^^ J thereunder. CERTIFICATES. Three classes |40. Evcrv Certificate to teach a Public of certificates. » »v. j School shall be ranked as of the first, second, or third class, and shall be issued only to such persons as furnish satisfactory proof of good moral character, {a) are at least eighteen years of age, {h) are natural born or naturalized subjects of Her Majesty, (c) and pass the examinations prescribed by the Education Department. A.S to the authority for holding examinations, see The Education Department Act, 54 Vict., c. 54, s. 4 (3). See also section 134 of this Act, and remarks thereunder. {b) It is to be presumed that resident and assessed inhabitants of this Province are British subjects till some- thing is shown to the contrary from which it can be deter- mined that they are aliens. (Reg. ex rel. Carroll v. Beckwith, I P.R. 284.) A person born in New York in 1830, the son of a British subject, who had emigrated from Ireland a short time previously, and a year or two after his birth came to Upper Canada, and ever since resided here, was held to be a British subject within the meaning of above clause. (Reg. ex rel. McVean v. Graham, 7 L.J. 125.) But a person born in the United States before the Revolution, who con- tinued to reside there afterwards, was held to be an alien. (Doe d. Patterso7i v. Davis, 5 O.S. 494.) The son of a British subject who was married to an alien residing out of British possessions at the time of his birth was held to be an alien. (Doe d. Robinsoti v. Clarke, i Q.B. 37.) But the son of an alien, once naturalized, continues a British subject, notwithstanding the residence of his father beyond British allegiance. (Doe d. Hay v. Hunt, 11 Q.B. 367; Montgomery v. Graham, 31 Q.B. 57.) Certificates. 193 141. Certificates of the first and second ^ecs. 141, 142. class shall be granted by the Minister of Edu-_. , — _, o J First, second, cation on the report of examiners appointed cmificat'es!"^ by the Education Department, and shall be valid during good conduct in the Province ; certificates of the third class shall be granted by the county board of examiners and shall be valid in the Province for a period of three years. Every third-class certificate shall have the signature of at least one Public School • inspector. See as to power of Education Department to accept other examinations or certificates in lieu of above, 54 Vict., c. 54, s. 5(4) and (6); D.R., s. 61, as to instructions to examiners; D.R., ss. 50, 51, 52, 60, and 68, as to examina- tions. As to examinations by county board of examiners, see section 145 of this Act. D.R., s. 52 (4 and 5), as to the extension of third class certificates; D.R., s. 55, as to the training of French and German teachers ; and D.R., ss. 44 and 45, as to kindergarten directors and assistants' cer- tificates. 142. District certificates shall be valid onlyxhird-dass 1 T • r II district m the districts following, namely : Rainy River, certificates. Thunder Bay, Nipissing, Algoma, Parry Sound, Muskoka, Haliburton, and the counties of Victoria, Peterborough and Hastings, and all counties lying east thereof. In the districts aforesaid, the board of examiners for granting such certificates shall consist of the inspector, the district Judge and Stipendiary Magistrate ; and in the counties aforesaid of the county board of examiners. See D.R., s. 54, as to the boards of examiners and examinations under this section. 13 194 Public Schools Act. Sees. 143, 143. (i). AH teachers' certificates granted 144. ^ ' ° . FormeT~ bcfore the fifteenth day of February, in the con'tfnued^ year 187 1, shall remain in force on the terms and conditions of the Act under which they were granted ; and upon their ceasing to be valid, as provided by law, other than by the confirmation of their suspension, they may be renewed from time to time under the regula- tions of the Education Department. Same subject. ^2). Evcry first-class Certificate issucd undcr any Act of this Province by a county board, before the fifteenth day of February, 1871, and valid in any city or county, on the 24th day of March, 1874, shall be valid in the Province during the good conduct of the holder thereof. Same subject. ^2). Evcry sccond-class certificate issued before such time, and under like authority,, and valid in any city or county, on the 24th day of March, 1874, shall, when such teacher has taught for a period of not less than ten years in Ontario, continue to be valid during good conduct in such city or county. cenilcllTteT 144. (1). The inspector may suspend the misconduct, etc. ^gj.^j|^^g^^g of any tcachcr under his jurisdiction for inefficiency, misconduct, or a violation of this Act or of the regulations of the Education Department. In every case of suspension, he shall notify in writing the trustees concerned,, and the teacher, of the reasons for such sus- pension. Officers required by law to exercise their judgments are Certificatp:s. 195 not answerable for mistakes in law or mere errors in judg- Sec. 144. ments, in the absence of any fraud or malice on their part. See D.R., s. 74 (14), as to duty of a county inspector to suspend a teacher's certificate. Under section 8 of The Education Departmetit Act, the Minister of Education has power to decide upon and settle all disputes laid before him for settlement, and upon all appeals made to him from the decision of any inspector or other school officer. See Raymond v. School Trustees of Cardinal, cited under section 133. A representation by the assessed inhabitants of a school section as to the character of the teacher, made with the view of obtaining redress, is a privileged communication, which it is of importance to the public to protect, and such a statement would not be the less privileged if made by mistake to the wrong quarter ; e.g., to the local superin- tendent of schools. (Mclntyre v. AlcBean, 13 Q.B. 534.) For form of notice of suspension of certificate, see Form 4g, Appendix A. (2). If the certificate so suspended was issued suspension to i • be reported. by the Chief Superintendent or Council of PubHc Instruction, or by the Education Department or Minister of Education, the inspector shall forthwith report to the Minister of Education, and such suspension shall con- tinue until the case is decided by the Minister. For form of notice to Minister of Education, see Fortn JO, Appendix A. (3) . I f the certificate was granted by a county ^^"^ subject. board of examiners, the inspector shall forth- with call a meeting of such county board of examiners for the consideration of such sus- pension, of which due notice shall be given 196 Public Schools Act. Sees. 144. to the teacher concerned, and the decision of 145 • such board shall be final. See section 145 (i) and (5) as to persons constituting the county board of examiners. For form of notice to teachers of the meeting of the county board of examiners to consider his case, see Form 57, Appendix A. COUNTY BOARDS OF EXAMINERS. Toexamine 145^ (i). Thc munlcipal council of each teachers and ^ give certificates. ^Q^j^^y shall appoint a board of examiners, consisting of the inspector or inspectors having jurisdiction within the county or any part thereof, and not more than two other persons holding first-class certificates of qualification, for the purpose of examining candidates for teachers' third-class certificates and for such other purposes as may be pre- scribed by this Act. The board shall hold at least one examination each year. A majority of the board shall form a quorum. This board is only appointed for the purpose of con- ducting examinations for the granting of third-class 'to certificates. The regulations of the Department of Education pro- vide that " the examination for third-class certificates shall be conducted by the county board of examiners, which shall have authority to elect its own chairman and secretary. No principal of a county model school shall be a member of the county board of examiners. The secretary shall be paid such remuneration as may be approved l)y the county council." (I).R., s. 46.) Additional (2). Where deemed necessary from the examiners. •' general use of the French or German County Board of Examiners. 197 language, the county council may appoint s^'^s. 145, additional examiners, not exceeding two, for the purpose of conducting the examination of candidates for a teacher's certificate in either of the languages aforesaid. (3). The treasurer of the county shall, on^^p^P^^^of •^ J ' examination. the requisition of the chairman of the board, pay all the incidental expenses of the exami- nation of third-class teachers. He shall also, on a like requisition, pay each member of the board the sum of ^4 per diem and travelling expenses while engaged as examiner. For form of requisition, see Form 52, Appendix A. (4). Every member of a county board of^^^?°^^^?™'- ^*' ■J J ner investiga- examiners while engaged in conducting anlla^heT'^'"^"^ investigation affecting the standing of any teacher within the jurisdiction of the board shall be paid the sum of $4 per diem and travelling expenses by the treasurer of the county. (5). After the passing of this Act no person None bm .... . ■'■ teachers to be shall be appomted a member of a county ^''^™'"^''^- board of examiners who is not actually en- gaged in teaching and who has not had at least three years' experience as a teacher in a Public or Separate School. MODEL SCHOOLS. 146. (I). The board of examiners of every one school in 1 11 1 • 1 • r 1 each county to county shall, subject to the regulations of the ''^^^'^p^'-; as ■I ' ■> o county model Education Department, set apart at least one"""""'- igS Public Schools Act. Sec. 146. Public School in each county as a county Model School for the training of teachers for third-class certificates. As to the powers of the Education Department to estabHsh model schools, see The Education Department Act, i8gi, s. 3 (6). See Departmental Regulations, section 47, as to the establishment of City and County Model Schools. See D.R., s. 62, as to Provincial Model Schools. As to the powers of trustees in cities, towns, and incor- porated villages to establish model schools for the training of teachers, see s. 107 (9). The county board of examiners are not confined to the establishment of one model school where more than that number would be necessary (s-s. 2). As to the appointment and duties of inspectors of model schools, see same Act, s. 5(1), and D.R., ss. 77 and 74(15)- sdl'o^o'isTaybe ^^^^ Whcrc morc Model Schools than one discoatiaued. j^^^g ^^^^ established in any county and where the teachers in training for the two preceding years at such schools have not exceeded twenty-five, the county board of examiners may, with the approval of the Education Department, discontinue one or more of such schools, but not so as to reduce the number below that required by this Act. mode? schools ^^^ ' ^^^ muuiclpal council of each county shall pay to the treasurer of each Public School within the county to which a county Model School is attached an amount at least equal to the sum voted by the Legislative Assembly for each county Model School, but Teachers' Institutes. igg the amount to be provided bv the county ^^'^^^ ^^^' council shall not be less than the sum of $150 annually and the council may, if it sees fit, provide a larger amount of aid. The Cofisolidated Municipal Act contains no provisions authorizing the county council to pass by-laws for above purpose. teachers' institutes. 147. (i) The teachers of one or more organization or teachers institutes. institutes. inspectoral districts may organize themselves into a Teachers' Institute for the purpose of receiving instruction in methods of teaching and for discussing educational matters, sub- ject to the regulations of the Education Department. As to the power of the Education Department to establish Teachers' Institutes, see 54 Vict., c. 54, s. 3 (9). As to regulations respecting the same, see D.R. 73. (2). The Minister of Education may appor- a^^|^° ^g, tion out of any moneys voted by the Legisla-'"^"' tive Assembly for that purpose the sum of $25 to each teachers' institute organized and conducted according to the regulations of the Education Department and the municipal council of each county or city shall pay annually to the order of the president of each teachers' institute within the county or city a sum at least equal to the amount so appor- tioned by the Minister of Education. There is no provision in The Consolidated Municipal Act authorizing the county council to pass a by-law for the 200 Public Schools Act. Sees. 147, purpose mentioned in above section ; but under s. 489(10) ' ' of that Act, the city council would have power to pass such a by-law. LEAVING EXAMINATION. Leaving exami- 148. Thcrc shall bc ail annual leavino: nations to be »*.w. j^ pfiwirs^clfooij." examination in the Public Schools, on such subjects and according to such regulations as may be prescribed by the Education Depart- ment. The subjects of examination are prescribed from time to time by the Education Department. For those in use at the present time, and regulations regarding the same, see D.R., s. 9. INSPECTORS. El?\'ppoSent 149. No person shall be appointed inspector as inspector, ^f Public Schools who docs not hold an in- spector's certificate of qualification, and no teacher or trustee of any Public, High or Separate School shall be appointed inspector while acting as teacher or trustee. The qualification for a public school inspector's certifi- cate shall be {a) five years' successful experience as a teacher, of which at least three years shall have been in a public school ; and {I?) a specialist's certificate obtained on a university examination, or a degree in arts from the University of Toronto, with first-class graduation honors in one or more of the recognized departments in said univer- sity, or an equivalent standing in any other university of Ontario, with a certificate of having passed the final examina- tion of the Provincial School of Pedagogy. (D.R., s. 72, s-s. 5.) This regulation only remains in force till January ist, 1894. (D.R., .s. 69.) mber of specters. Inspectors. 201 150. (i). The municipal council of each See. 150 county shall appoint an inspector for such [^s county, providinf^ alwa3's that any inspector appointed hereafter for a county or part of a county, shall be the inspector of the schools of any town not separated from the county in the district to which he has been appointed. See section 154 as to the appointment of inspectors in territorial districts. No inspector of schools shall, during his tenure of office, engage in or hold any other employ- ment, office, or calling which would interfere with the full discharge of his duties as inspector (s. 159). A. somewhat similar provision is made by section 189 with regard to trustees. (2). One inspector shall not have charge ofJy>'^'"'°n r o of inspectors more than one hundred and twenty schools or less than fifty but it shall not be necessary to appoint more than one inspector in each riding of a county. (3). In counties containing any municipality oerman?'^ wherein the French or German language is the common or prevailing language, an in- spector may have charge of any number of schools not less than forty. (4). In counties where there are more than counties may appoint addi- fifty Public Schools, the county council may ^\°"tnd'change appoint two or more inspectors, and prescribe '"'^^'''°"' and number the territorial limits of each, and change or remove the inspectors from one district or riding of the county to another. 202 Public Schools Act. Conditions of dismissal of inspector. Sees. 151, J5j[^ In ii-^Q event of a vacancy occurring in 152, 153. . ^ ^ „, ^ — the office of county inspector, the warden of Warden may -' ^ ' ci«mlhe office the county may appoint any person legally o inspector, qualifted to fill such vacancy until the next ensuing meeting of the county council. Notice of such appointment or of any ap- pointments by the county council shall be given to the Minister of Education forthwith. As to qualification required for office of inspector, see s. 149. 152. Every county inspector shall, in case of misconduct or inefficiency, be subject to dismissal by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, or by a majority of the members of the council appointing him, or without cause by a vote of two-thirds of such council, and no such inspector shall be reappointed without the concurrence of the party who dismissed him. The county inspector must deliver over to his successor, on retiring from office, copies of his official correspondence, and all school papers in his custody, on the order of the county council or public school board appointing him (s. 155, s-s. 10). 153. The Lieutenant-Governor may direct the payment annually out of the Consolidated Revenue of the sum of ^55 per school to each county inspector, and the county council shall pay quarterly at the rate of not less than an equal amount per school, and in addition thereto reasonable travelling expenses, the amount to be determined by the county council. Additional allowance by Lieutenant- Governor. Inspectors. 203 154. The Lieutenant-Governor in Council ^^^^- ^54, may appoint such inspectors as may be^^^j^— , deemed expedient for the purpose of inspect- [nspeS'i°n'° ing schools in the territorial districts and"^"' encouraging the establishment of new schools, and also for conducting any examination pre- scribed by the Education Department, or reporting on any school matter, and any per- son or persons so appointed shall be paid out of any moneys appropriated by the Legisla- ture for educational purposes. 155. It shall be the duty of every county J^^|,'|^\°[3 inspector : — (i). To visit every Public School within his J^°hoofo^^^^ jurisdiction once in each term, unless required to do so oftener (for the adjustment of dis- putes or other purposes) by the county council which appointed him, and to see that every school is conducted according to this Act and the regulations of the Department. The remarks under sub-section 4 of section 40 and sub- section 8 of section 107 can be applied to this sub-section. The inspector, while officially visiting a school, has supreme authority in it, and may direct teachers and pupils in regard to any or all of the exercises of the schoolroom. He may either examine the classes himself or direct the teachers to do so. He is at liberty to give such advice to the pupils or to the teacher as he may deem necessary. All his counsels, however, should be given in a spirit of kindness, and his authority should be exercised, not with a view to over-awe or intimidate, but to reform abuses, cor- rect mistakes, and inspire confidence and respect. He should be courteous and considerate, and, when reproof is once a term. 204 Public Schools Act. Sec. 155- Examine the state of the school. Deliver lectures. necessary, it should be tempered 'vith gentleness and sympathy. (IXR., s. So.) (2). To examine at his visits of inspection, into the condition of the school, as respects the progress of the pupils in learning ; the order and discipline observed ; the system of instruction pursued; the mode of keeping the school registers ; the average attendance of pupils ; the character and condition of the building and premises ; and to give such advice to the teachers, pupils and officers of the school as he may consider proper. It is the duty of the teacher to furnish the inspector with any information he may require under this section (s. 131, s-s. 8). Inspectors of county public schools are required by the regulations of the Education Department to satisfy them- selves as to the progress made by the pupils from time to time ; to examine into the methods of instruction pursued by the teacher ; to teach a few model lessons themselves ; to ascertain the nature of the discipline exercised by the teacher ; to examine the registers, maps, seats, and all internal and external equipment of the schoolhouse ; to report to the trustees in regard to such matters as require their attention ; to give such advice to teachers as may be deemed necessary ; and to see that no unauthorized text- books are used in the school. (D.R., s. 74, s-s. 2 to 9.) (3). To deliver from time to time, public lectures in his district on some subject con- nected with Public School education. To withhold order for grant in certain cases. (4). To withhold his order for the amount apportioned from the legislative or municipal grant to any school section ; (^7) When the Inspectors. 205 school was kept open for less than six months See. 155. in the year ; or {b) When the trustees fail to transmit the annual or semi-annual school returns properly filled up ; or {c) When the trustees fail to comply with the School Act, or the regulations of the Education Depart- ment ; or {d) When the teacher uses, or per- mits to be used, as a text-book any book not authorized by the Education Department, and in every case to report to the trustees and to the Education Department his reasons for so doing. See section 123 as to the distribution of the pubhc school grant on the order of the inspector. See D.R., s. 74, s-s. 10, as to steps to be taken by the inspector before with- holding the school grant. See also D.R., s. 74, s-s. 11, as to the division of the school grant by the inspector. (5). To give when desired any inform ationTogiveinforma- 1 • 1 T\T- • r T-> 1 • tion and report m his power to the Mmister of Education, 'o^'inister. respecting any Public School matter within his jurisdiction, and to prepare and transmit to the Minister of Education, on or before the first day of March, an annual report in the form prescribed by the Education De- partment. He can obtain this information from the teacher, who must furnish same on the inspector's request (s. 131, s-s. 8). He can also obtain it from the school registers prepared by the teacher (s. 131, s-s. 9). For form of report, see Form jj, Appendix A. (7). To recommend to the county or town- Aid top ship council such special aid as he may deem oor schools. 206 Public Schools Act. Sec. 155. advisable to be given to new or weak school sections in the county. There is an error in the numbering of this sub-section ; the same should be 6, and the following sub-sections 7, 8, and 9 respectively. Call special (S). To appoint, in his discretion, the time school meeting. i l ' j and place for a special school meeting. In default of the first or annual meeting not being held at the proper time, the inspector may call a school meeting (s. 18). May give tem- porary certifi- cates to teachers. Deliver up papers on retiring from office. (9). To give, at his discretion, any candi- date, on due examination, a certificate of qualification to teach a school within his district until the next ensuing professional examination of teachers. These certificates should be granted only [a) when petitioned for by a board of trustees, and only for the school over which such board has jurisdiction ; and {l>) until the date of the next ensuing Departmental examinations ; and {c) when it appears that a teacher holding a regular certifi- cate is not available. The consent of the Minister of Education is also necessary in every case. (D.R., s. 74, s-s. 13.) For form of temporary certificate to teacher, see Form ^4, Appendix A. (10). To deliver over to his successor, on retiring from office, copies of his official cor- respondence, and all school papers in his custody, on the order of the county council or Public School board appointing him. It seems that this would also have to be done in the event of his dismissal under section 152. Inspectors. 207 Besides the above duties, the following other duties are Sec. 155. imposed by the Act upon the inspector by virtue of his office : In default of the first or annual meeting not being held at the proper time, the inspector may call a school meeting (s. 18). He should see that he receives promptly a correct copy of the first and of every annual and of every special school meeting, and a copy of the poll book where a poll has been taken at such first meeting (s. 31). He must investigate all complaints as to elections, if made to him within twenty days after the election (s. 32). See alsD D.R., s. 74 (12). In case of a difference of opinion between the auditors on matters of account, the same must be referred to and decided by the county inspector (s. 38, s-s. 2). Under section 40, subsection 13, he is to receive from the board of trustees the half-yearly and annual returns as therein provided. He is empowered to form a township, or two or more adjoining townships, into a school section (s. 41). Under section 44 (3), he can divide the school section into groups of three sections in every group. Where there is a difference in regard to the selection of a school site, and the majority of the school trustees, or the majority of a public school meeting, neglects or refuses to appoint an arbitrator, or the owner of the land selected for the site neglects or refuses to appoint one, the inspector, with the arbitrator appointed, are empowered to meet and settle the matter (s. 68). Under section 81 (3), in the matter of the alteration of school boundaries, the county inspector is to form one of the board of arbitrators to revise, determine, or alter the boundaries of the school sections. Under section 87 (i), notice of the petition to municipal councils asking for the formation, alteration, or dissolution of a union school section must be sent to the inspector or inspectors of the district or districts concerned, who is, or are, also to act as arbitrators. And, by sub-section 3 of said 2oS Public Schools Act. Sec. 155. section, the inspector representing the greatest numl)er of schools is to call the first meeting of the arbitrators, and is to give ten days' notice of such meeting to the clerks of the municipalities concerned. By section 95, in case of a disagreement as to the equalization of union school assessments, arbitration is provided to settle the matter; and the inspector is authorized to name an arbitrator. Under section in, the inspector is empowered to receive from the clerk of every municipality, upon request, a statement of the assessed value of each school section, as shown by the revised assessment roll for that year. Under section 113, the inspector is to receive from the clerk of every municipality a list of the supporters of separate schools against whom any rate for public school purposes has been erroneously placed upon the collector's rolls ; and the inspector, before issuing his order for the payment of the county grant to the public school sections, is to deduct therefrom the amount so certified to him. The inspector is to distribute the respective portions of the public school grant voted by the Legislative Assembly or raised by county rate among the school sections and divisions of each township under his jurisdiction, and give notice of the amount payable to each school section to the secretary-treasurer thereof (s. 123). The inspector may suspend any teacher who enters into an agreement with the trustees of any public school, and wilfully neglects or refuses to carry out such agreement (s. 133). He may also suspend him for misconduct, inefficiency, or a violation of the Act, or of the regulations of the Education Department. When a teacher is sus- pended, the inspector is to notify him and the trustees con- cerned, in writing, of the reasons for such suspension (s. 144, s-s. i). As to approval of change in authorized text-books, see s. 175. See also D.R., ss. 23 and 27 (3). J towns. Inspectors of CiTiiis and Towns. 209 INSPECTORS OF CITIES AND TOWNS. ^^^^- ^56. 157- 156. Inspectors of cities and of towns Powers and ^ duties of separated from the county, shall possess the|,'?;^Pf^°';j* '" same qualifications and powers and shall be subject to the same duties as county in- spectors under this Act, so far as the same are applicable. They shall also discharge such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of school trustees, by whom they are appointed, or by the regulations of the Edu- cation Department. Inspectors in cities and towns shall perform similar duties as county inspectors, as far as practicable, and shall, in addition, perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of trustees. In cities with more inspectors than one, each inspector may be required to report se[)arately to the Education Department. (D.R., s. 75.) 157. (i). Inspectors in cities and in towns Appointment of ^ i inspectors in separated from the county shall be appointed '^'""''"'*'°'"'^' by the board of Public School trustees, and shall be subject to dismissal by the Lieutenant- Governor in Council or by a majority of the members of the board, in case of inefficiency or misconduct, or by a vote of two-thirds of the board without cause, and no such in- spector shall be reappointed without the concurrence of the party who dismissed him. Compare with section 152. (2). When the teachers engaged by thCj^j^f^^^"''^ trustees of any city exceed three hundred inLplfoln^ed!" number the board shall appoint two inspectors, 14 210 Public Schools Act. Sees. 157, ^^n(j likewise an additional inspector for every 158, 159. ^ / three liundred teachers on the staff above six hundred. Payment of 158. (i). Whcn thc PubHc School board inspector s not"sepa" at°eT^ of any town not separated from the county has before the passing of this Act appointed an inspector, other than the county inspector within whose district such town is situated, the county treasurer, on demand, shall pay to the order of such board a sum of money equal to the amount collected within such town for the payment of the salary of the county inspector. Grants in aid of (2). Thc Lieutenant-Govcmor in Council inspector s '^ salary. ^^^^ dircct aunually the payment out of the Consolidated Revenue of a sum not exceeding $5 for every teacher occupying a separate room with a separate register, to the school board of any city or town separated from the county, towards the payment of the salary of the Public School inspector. hold other oflSces. hoido*th°er"°"° 159. No inspector of schools shall, during his tenure of office, engage in or hold any other employment, office or calling which would interfere with the full discharge of his duties as inspector. The inspector may not become or act as agent for any person or persons to sell, or in any way to promote the sale for such person or persons, of any school library, prize, or text-book, map, chart, school apparatus, furniture, or stationery, or to receive compensation or other remuneration Inspectors of Citijls and Towns. 211 or equivalent for such sale or for the promotion of sale in Sees. 159, any way whatsoever (s. 210, s-s. i). messes in certain cases. 160. In cases where any inspector re(|uireSs;i,';PfwTtne. the testimony of witnesses to the truth of any fact alleged in any complaint or appeal made to him or to the Minister of Education or the Education Department, it shall be lawful for such inspector to administer an oath to such witnesses, or to require their solemn affirma- tion before receiving their testimony. An affirmation may be accepted in place of an oath in certain cases. Persons belonging to certain religious sects, namely, Quakers, Mennonists,or Tunkers, or members of the church known as the "Unitas Fratrum," often called the Moravian Church, after making the following declaration or affirma- tion, namely : " I, A. B., do solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm that I am oneof the society called Quakers, Mennonists, Tunkers, or Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians" {as the case may be), may make an affirmation or declaration as follows : " I, A. B., do solemnly, sincerely, and truly affirm," etc., and such affirmation shall have the same force and effect, to all intents and purposes, as an oath taken in the usual form. (R.S.O., 1887, c. 61, s. 12.) Persons called as witnesses, who refuse or are unwilling from alleged conscientious motives to be sworn, may, instead of being sworn, make their solemn affirmation or declaration as follows, namely : " I, A. B., do solemnly, sincerely, and truly affirm and declare that the taking of an oath is, according to my religious belief, unlawful ; and I do also solemnly, sincerely, and truly affirm and declare," etc., and this solemn affirmation and declaration shall be of the same force and effect as if such persons had taken an oath in the usual form. (lb-, s. 13.) Persons who object to take an oath, or who are objected to as incompetent to take an oath, may, on the 212 Public Schools Act. Sees. i6o, presiding officer being satisfied that the taking of an oath ^^^' would have no binding effect on their conscience, make the following promise, affirmation, and declaration, namely : " I solemnly promise, affirm, and declare that the evidence given by me to the Court shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth." And upon such persons taking such solemn affirmation and declaration, their evidence shall be taken. (//>., s. 14.) See also 56 Vict. (Dom.), c. 31, ss. 22 to 24. ALLOWANCE TO ARBITRATORS AND INSPECTORS. 161. (i). All persons engaged as arbitrators on any matter arising under this Act shall be paid the sum of four dollars per diem and travelling expenses. In making their award the arbitrators shall, among other things, determine the liabilities of the parties con- cerned therein for the costs of such arbitra- tion, and such determination shall be final and conclusive. Allowance to arbitrators and inspectors. Arbitrators have no power to fix the amount of their own fees. (Boyle v. Humphrey, i P.R. 187 ; McCulloch v. [F>^/Ve, 33Q.B. 331.) Allowance to inspectors in certain cases. (2). When any complaint is made to an inspector with regard to any matter affecting the validity of the election of a Public School trustee, or the procedure of a school meeting requiring the taking of evidence where the cause of complaint arose, the trustees of the school section concerned shall pay the in- spector while conducting such investigation the sum of f>4 per diem and travelling ex- penses. Superannuation. 213 SUPERANNUATION. Sees. 162, 163. 162. Every teacher or inspector whose superl^uation name is entered as having paid into the fund for the support of superannuated teachers, may contribute to such fund in such manner as may be prescribed by the Education De- partment, the sum of at least $4 annually. In order to be entitled to any portion of the legislative appropriation for superannuated teachers, every teacher of a high, public, or separate school, and every inspector, must have contributed $4 annually to the Superannuation Fund during the whole time of his professional service, or have paid all arrears before ist July, 1886. Should a subscriber neglect to pay his contribution before the 31st December in any year, the payment to be made shall then be $5. (D.R., s. 84, s-ss. I, 2.) 163. (I). On the decease of any teacher or^?p*y°^^"V' inspector, his wife her husband, or other legal feS^r."^ representative, shall be entitled to receive back the full amount paid into the super- annuation fund by such teacher or inspector, with interest at the rate of seven per cent, per annum. (2). No teacher or inspector who has reached the age of sixty years shall be held to be disqualified from superannuation by reason of his having retired from active ser- vice before reaching the age of sixty, provided that such teacher or inspector has served for a period of thirty-five years, and that no pay- ment shall be made to such teacher or in- spector until he has reached the age of sixty. 214 Public Schools Act. Sees. 163, A case might happen under tliis section of a teacher who, although having served thirty-five years, dies before attaining sixty years, and who would, in consequence, not be entitled to share in the fund ; but under the preceding sub-section his wife, or her husband, or other legal repre- sentative, would be entitled to receive back the money paid by him or her into the fund, with interest at seven per cent. Although under sixty years of age, however, if the teacher furnishes proof of disability annually to the Depart- ment, he is entitled to share in the fund (s. 165). The retiring allowance is withdrawn whenever the disability ceases. (I).R., s. 84, s-s. 4.) fo''re[i?Ion'''"' 164. (i). EvuTv teachcr or inspector who, yearsofage!^ whilc engaged in iiis profession, contributes to tlie superannuated teachers' fund as provided by this Act, shall, on reaching the age of sixty years, be entitled to retire from the profession at his discretion, and receive an allowance or pension at the rate of $6 per annum, for every year of such service in Ontario, upon furnish- ing to the Education Department satisfactory evidence of good moral character, of his age, and of the length of his service as teacher or inspector. In the case of inspectors, or local superintendents, who are now inspectors, services as an inspector shall be con- sidered equivalent to services as a teacher. (D.R., s. 84, s-s. 3.) Teachers or ins{)ectors, sixty years of age, are entitled to superannuation, provided the regulations mentioned under section 162 regarding payment and arrears have been complied with, without proof of disability. In all cases, evidence of good moral character is required. (/^., s-s. 5.) Payments on account of superannuation commence Sui'liRANNUATION', 215 with the year following that in which applications were Sees. 164, approved by the Education Department, f//;., s-s. 6.) '^^' '^^' (2). Every pension payable under this Act ^;'pp>„"'«"'*'^> may be supplemented out of local funds by any municipal council or Public School board at its pleasure. This is optional, in the discretion of the council or school board. (3). To remove doubts — nothing- in this '^pp.'''^*"''" °f ^■~'' & w Kj section. section contained shall be held as applying to any person who, prior to 1871, had ceased to be engaged in his profession as a teacher, and had not, prior to the 30th day of March, 1885, contributed to the said fund, and no payment for arrears shall be hereafter received. 165. Every teacher or inspector, under sixty ^^^^^^^^^ years of age who has contributed as aforesaid, and who is disabled from practising his pro- fession, shall be entitled to a like pension, or local supplementary allowance, upon furnish- ing the like evidence, and upon furnishing to the Education Department from time to time, in addition thereto, satisfactory evidence of his being disabled. " From time to time" means "annually." (D.R., s. 84, s-s. 3.) uni extra to certain 166. Every teacher or inspector entitled to*rperann ' extra to re receive an allowance from the superannuated '''^''''*" teachers' fund, who holds a first or second-class provincial certificate, or a first-class county 2i6 Public Schools Act 167, 168, 169 Sees. 166. board certificate, or who is a principal of a High School or Collegiate Institute, shall, in addition to said allowance or pension, be en- titled to receive a further allowance at the rate of $1 per annum for every year of service while he held such certificate, or while he acted as principal of a High School or Collegiate Institute. Proviso in re- 167. Thc retiring allowancc shall cease at gard to good <-• moral character, ^^g ^lose of the ycar of the death of the re- cipient, and may be discontinued at any time should the pensioned teacher fail to maintain a good moral character, to be vouched for (when requested) to the satisfaction of the Education Department. i^e^'^rofeS"' 168. If any pensioned teacher or inspector shall, with the consent of the Education De- partment, resume the profession of teaching or inspecting, the payment of his allowance shall be suspended from the time of his being so Again retiring, engaged. In case such teacher or inspector is again placed on the superannuation list a pen- sion for the additional time of service shall be allowed him, on his compliance with this Act, and the regulations of the Education Depart- ment. da[mi'""°^ 169. Any teacher or inspector who, having resumed his profession, draws or continues to draw upon the superannuation fund for any part of his allowance as a superannuated NoN-RliSIDENT PUFILS. 217 teacher, shall forfeit all claim to the fund, and s^'^^- ^^9- . 170, 171, 172. his name shall be struck off the list of super- annuated teachers. 170. In the case of those teachers or in- JvtiiSh"em- 1 , -1.1 1 r ^1 selves of Act. spectors who may not avail themselves 01 the provisions of section 162 or 171 of this Act, the provisions of sections 163 to 171 inclusive shall apply so far as relates to all sums of money already paid into the fund for the sup- port of superannuated teachers. ent to tors. 171. Any teacher who retires from the pro-^^j;PX fession, or any teacher or inspector who desires to remove his name from the list of contributors to the superannuated teachers' fund, shall be entitled to receive back from the Minister of Education one-half of any sums paid by him or her to the fund, through the Public School inspector, or otherwise. NON-RESIDENT PUPILS. 172. (I). The trustees of every Public Admission of ^ ■' non-resideof School shall admit to their school any non-^"''''''- resident pupils who reside nearer such school than the school in their own section, providing always the inspector reports the accommoda- tion of the school room sufficient for the admission of such pupils. In case of dispute as to the distance from the school, the decision of the inspector shall be final. Two requisites are necessary under this section for the children of a non-resident to attend a school other than the school of the section in which they reside: — (i) There 2i8 Public Schools Act. Sec. 172. must be accommodation, certified to by the inspector, in the school to which such pupils wish to go ; and (2) they must reside nearer to such school than to the school in their own section. In case of any dispute in regard to distance, the decision of the inspector is final. re's1dent"p°u"piis. (2). The paFcnts or f^uardians of such non- resident children shall pay to the trustees of the school to which their children have been admitted such fees monthly as may be mutually agreed upon, provided such fees, together with the taxes paid to such school (if any), do not exceed the average cost of the instruction of the pupils of such school. one^ficdon°^ (3). Any pcrson residing in one school sec- ch"id'r°en^to tion, and sending his children to a neighbor- erseci "• jj^^ school, shall, be liable for the payment of all rates assessed on his taxable property for the school purposes of the section in which he resides, but it shall be lawful for any board of trustees to remit so much of the school rates of any such person as would be the equivalent of the fees paid to the trustees of the neighboring section. Pupils in Louse (4). In case a county council establishes a of refuge. ' ■' house of refuge in any county any person of school age maintained in such house of refuge shall for the purposes of this Act be deemed a non-resident, and the county council shall pay to the trustees of the school attended by such person or persons such monthly fees as may be mutually agreed upon, provided such Holidays. 2ig fees do not exceed the avera^fe cost of the ^^*^^- ^72, 173. instruction of the pupils of such school. As the name indicates, a house of refuge is intended for the poor, the destitute, and the idle. As to the powers of municipal corporations to establish such houses, see The Consolidated Municipal Act, s. 460. HOLIDAYS. 173. (i). The Pubhc School teaching year shall consist of two terms: in townships the first shall begin on the third Monday of August, and end on the 22nd day of Decem- bsr ; the second term shall begin on the 3rd day of January, and end on the 30th day of June. (2). In cities, towns and incorporated villages Terms, the first term shall begin on the last Monday of August, and end on the 22nd day of December ; the second term shall begin on the 3rd day of January, and end on the 30th day of June, with holidays during the week following Easter Sunday. (3). Every Saturday, every public holiday? and every day proclaimed a holiday by the authorities of the municipality in which the school section is situated, shall be a holiday in Public Schools. As to the payment of teacher's salaries for the authorized holidays occurring during the period of his service, see section 135. Teachers are forbidden to make up lost time by teaching on a holiday or during vacations ; any attendance 220 Public Schools Act. 173- during such time should be disallowed by the inspector. Sees. '^'*' '^5' (D.R., s. 6, s-s. i6.) AUTHORIZED BOOKS. °x'Jbo"oKbe ^'^^' ^^^ teacher shall use or permit to be "**'^' used as text books any books in a Model or Public School, except such as are authorized by the Education Department, and no portion of the legislative grant shall be paid by the inspector to any school in which unauthorized books are used. As to the powers of the Education Department to authorize the use of certain text-books, see T/ic Educaiion Department Act, i8gi, section 4(2). Under section 40 (6), the trustees of rural public schools are required to see that the pupils of their schools use only the authorized text-books. And it is also the duty of trustees in cities, towns, and incorporated villages to see that the same thing is done in their schools (s. 107, s-s. 8). See section 210(1) as to sale of text-books, etc., by teachers, trustees, or inspectors. And see D.K.., s. 83, as to mode of authorizing text-books. As to text-books now authorized for use in public schools, see Appendix. Change of .ex.. ^75^ ^^^^, authorizcd tcxt book in actual use in any Public or Model School may be changed by the teacher of such school for any other authorized text book in the same subject on the written approval of the trustees and the inspector, provided always such change is made at the beginning of a school term, and at least six months after such approval has been given. I Special iNguiRiiis. 221 176. In case any teacher or other person ^^<=^ '76, 1 ,1 1- .1 -ir 11 1 • '77. 173- shall nefi;hf]^ently or wiltully substitute any, , . — , (^ o y J J Substitution of unauthorized text book in place of any "e'','*X'okl"'^ authorized text book in actual use upon the same subject in his school, he shall for each such offence, on conviction thereof before a Police Ma^^istrate or Justice of the Peace, be liable to a penalty not exceeding ^10 payable to the municipality for Public School pur- poses, together with costs, as the Police Magistrate or Justice may think fit SPECIAL INQUIRIES. 177. The Minister of Education shall have R=;">"nerAtion. power to appoint one or more persons, as he may deem expedient, to inquire into and report to him upon any school matter ; such inspector or other person or persons shall be entitled to such remuneration out of any moneys appropriated by the Legislature for that purpose as may be deemed just and equitable, considering the nature and extent of the duties to be performed. Such person Power to com- niissioners to or persons, or any of them, shall have power ^l^^l^^"'^'^'' to administer oaths to witnesses, or require them to make solemn affirmation of the truth of the matters they may be examined upon. See remarks under section 160, p. 211. 178. In any matter of inquiry which the ^3^^'^^;?^, Minister is by law authorized to institute, """""'"■ make or direct, a writ or writs of subpama ad 222 Public Schools Act. Sees. 178, test ijicand 11)11 and also duces tecum may issue from the Hioh Court upon the -prcccipe of the Minister of Education therefor, containing the names of the witnesses intended to be sum- moned thereby, to be directed to such person or persons for him or them to attend and give evidence under oath, at such times, and places, and before such person or persons as the Minister shall appoint, and any default of any such person in obeying any such subpoena shall be punishable as in the like case in any action or cause in the said Court. Any number of names may be included in one subpoena (Con. Rule 561); but it is not necessary that the copies served should confain the name of any other witness than the one on whom the copy is served. A sufificient sum must be paid or tendered to the per- son so served for his fees as a witness, and if they are not paid he may refuse to attend for examination, or, if attend- ing, may refuse to be sworn, until paid. ( Brocas v. L/oyd, 23 Beav. 129; Wiltshire v. Marshall, W.N., 1866, 80; Davey v. Durrani, 24 Beav. 493 ; Robins v. Carsons, 2 Chy. Ch. 343; Bolkow v. Foster, 7 P.R. 388; Smith v. Greey, 11 P.R. 345.) If the person so served as above does not attend for examination, he may be committed to jail. (Con. Rule 499.) The defaulting party is entitled to two days' notice of a motion to commit him (Con. Rules 479, 879); which motion should be made in open Court. (Soutlrwick v. Harectal., 15 P.R. ^^x.) APPEALS FROM DIVISION COURT DECISIONS. tefoncoCrts ^'^^* ^^'^^ J^dgc of any Division Court wherein any action between teachers, in- spectors, trustees, or others acting under this Appeals. 223 Act, or The Ilio-h Schools Ac/, is tried, may, ^^*=^- '79. ' '^ . . ' ^ ' 180, 181. at the recjuest of either party, order the entering of judgment to be delayed for a sufficient time to enable such party to apply to the Minister of Education to appeal the case. Under section 138 all matters of difference between trustees and teachers in regard to salary or other remunera- tion shall be brought before the Division Court of the district where the cause of action arose, subject to the appeal provided by this and the following sections. 180. The Minister may, within one month Minister may -' ' appeal to Hr);h after the rendering of judgment in any such*-°""- case, appeal from the decision of the Division Court Judge to the High Court at Toronto, by serving notice in writing of such appeal upon the clerk of the Division Court appealed from, which appeal shall be entitled "The Minister of Education for Ontario, Appellant, in the matter between (A. B. and C. D.)." But nothing herein contained shall be held to interfere with the right of any of the parties to the action exercising the ordinary right of appeal. 181. The Judge whose decision is thus judge to send -' ^ _ papers to Higb appealed trom, shall thereupon certify under ^^ his hand, to the Registrar of the Division of the High Court appealed to, the summons and statement of claim and other proceedings in the case, together with the evidence and his own judgment thereon, and all objections ^ourt. 224 Public Schools Act. Sees. i8i, niade thereto. After notice of appeal has •Of tAo iSa ^, ' — -' been served as hereinafter provided no further No furiher pio- '■ uken"a*fter°i!'o^- procceding shall be had in such case until iiceo appea. ^j^^ matter of appeal has been decided by the High Court. J ujge to certify ^32, On thc Tudgc rccciving a notice of proceedings to *w— j ^ q .he Minister, ^ppg^i from his dcclsion (under the authority of this Act), he shall thereupon certify under his hand, to the Minister of Education, the statement of claim and other proceedings in the case, together with the evidence and his own judgment thereon, and all objections orderofcourt. thcrcto. The High Court shall give such order or direction to the Court below, touch- ing the judgment to be given in the matter, as the circumstances of the case require. Div"on"cou" Upon receipt of such order, direction, and dedde^cL^^^' certificate, the Judge of the Division Court shall forthwith proceed in accordance there- with. Costs. 183. The Court may also in its discretion award costs against the appellant, which costs shall be certified to and form part of the judgment of the Court below. All costs awarded against an appellant, and all costs incurred by him, shall be paid by the Minister, and charged as contingent expenses of his office. SCHOOL VISITORS. rs'Sed. 184. All judges, members of the Legisla- ture, members of county councils, and alder- s' ! 'Ic 8;hool School \'isitors. 225 men shall be school visitors in the muni- Sees 184, ,. . , . i85> 186. cipalities where they respectively reside. All cler^^ymen shall he school visitors in the municipalities where they have pastoral charge. See section 131 (4). and remarks thereunder. 185. All school visitors may visit the Public 7'^^.'^.^""'?.''''y .' to visit public Schools as in this Act provided. They may ''''^'°°'^" also attend the examination of schools, and at the time of any such visit, may examine the progress of the pupils, and the state and management of the school, and give such advice to the teacher and pupils, and any others present, as they deem expedient. The advice tendered to teachers, or other comments, may be entered in the visitors' or any other book provided for that purpose, at the option of the visitors. PENALTIES AND PROHIBITIONS. 186. If any township clerk neglects or re- information ■I I ^ to County fuses to prepare and furnish the map of the^'"''- school sections of his municipality as required by this Act, or if he neglect for one month to make any return required by this Act, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding %io, to be recovered before a Justice of the Peace, for the school purposes of his municipality, at the instance of any ratepayer thereof. As to duties of the township clerk to prepare in dupli- cate a school map of the township section, see section 13. As to his duties in making returns, see ss. 1 1 1 and 113. 15 226 Public Schools Act. Sees. 187, 137 \^Q person shall wilfully make a false i83, 189. . \ . . . . „ ,— - declaration of his rie^ht to vote at any school Penalty for ~ •-' dTdSon."'^ meeting or election of school trustees ; and any person convicted of a contravention of this section, upon the complaint of any per- son, shall be punishable by fine or imprison- ment, at the discretion of the Court of General Sessions; or by a penalty of not less than $5 or more than $10 to be sued for and recovered with costs before a Justice of the Peace, by the Public School trustees of the city, town, village, school section, or other division, for its use. See section 22, and remarks thereunder. Fineondis- IgS. If anv pcrson elected as a school qualified person -' -^ tSe*' trustee attends any meetings of the school board as such, after being disqualified under this Act, he shall be liable to a penalty of $20 for every meeting so attended. As to reasons of disqualification, see sections 190, 191. As to qualification, see ss. 15 and 1S9. h^T.?4A°"° ^89* ^'o trustee of a school section shall noid certain offices. hold the office of Public School inspector, or be a master or teacher within the section of which he is a trustee; nor shall the master or teacher of any Public, High, or Separate School hold the office of trustee, nor shall an inspector be a teacher or trustee of any Public, High or Separate School while he holds the office of inspector. Penaltii:s and Prohibitions. 227 190- Any trustee who is convicted of any ^ecs. 190, felony or misdemeanor, or becomes insane, or^ — , -' ' ' Seat vacated by absents himself from the meetings of the board "Sef" ^°' for three consecutive months, without beino; authorized by resolution entered upon its minutes, or ceases to be an actual resident within the school section for which he is a trustee, shall ipso facto vacate his seat and the remaining trustee or trustees shall declare his seat vacant and forthwith order a new election. It is essential that the seat should be declared vacant by the remaining trustee or trustees. See Chaplin v. Public School Board of the Toivn of Woodstock et a/., 16 O.R. 728, cited under next section. 191. Any trustee who has any pecuniary f„^j|'reTf;^^^„^„y interest, profit or promise or expected benefit po^^tron!'"''" in, or from any contract, agreement or engage- ment, either in his own name, or in the name of another with the corporation of which he is a member, or who receives, or expects to receive any compensation for any work, engagement, employment or duty, on behalf of such corporation, shall ipso facto vacate his seat, and every such contract, agreement, engagement or promise shall be null and void, and on the complaint of the remaining trustee or trustees, the County Judge may declare the seat vacant, and forthwith order a new election, provided always that it shall be lawful for the trustees of any rural school section to allow the secretary or secretary- 22S Public Schools Act. Sec.igi. treasurer such compensation for his services, for the purposes specified in this Act as may be approved at the annual meeting of the ratepayers and duly entered in the minutes. The object of this section is clearly to prevent all deal- ings on the part of the trustee corporation with any of its members in their private capacity ; or, in other words, to prevent a member of the corporation, who stands in the situation of a trustee for the public, from taking any share or benefit out of the trust fund, or in any contract in the making of which he, as one of the corporation, ought to exercise a superintendence. See Reg. v. Francis, i8 Q.B. 526. It is not necessary that the contract should be a contract binding on the corporation. (lb-) As to what interest in a contract with a corporation would cause disqualification, see Reg. ex rel. Lutz v. Williamson, i P.R. 94 ; Reg. ex rel. Moore v. Miller, 11 Q.B. 465 ; Reg. ex rel. Rollo v. Beard, I L.J.N.S. 126 ; Reg. ex rel. Fluett v. Gauthier, 5 P.R. 24 ; Reg. ex rel. Piddington v. Riddell, 4 P.R. 80 ; Reg. v. Franklin, 6 Ir. C.L.R. 239 ; Reg. ex rel. Patterson v. Clarke, 5 P.R. 337; Reg. ex rel. Coleman v. O' Hare, 2 P.R. 18; Reg. ex rel. McLean v. IVatson, i L.J.N.S. 71 ; Reg. ex rel. Hanerw Roberts, 7 P.R. 315 (but see Reg. ex rel. Ford v. McRae, 5 P.R. 309); Reg. ex rel. Ferris v. Her, 15 L.J.N.S. 158 ; Reg. ex rel. Davis v. Carruthers, i P.R. 114 (but see Roysc V. Birley, L.R. 4 C.P. 296) ; Reg. ex rel. Bland v. Figg, 6 L.J. 44 ; Reg. ex rel. Ale Mullen v. De Lisle, 8 L.J. 291. As to what interest does not disqualify, see Reg. ex rel. Armour v. Coste, 8 L.J. 290 ; Reg. ex rel. Hill v. Belts, 4 P.R. T13. Whether the contract is in the name of the party himself or another is immaterial. (Collins v. Swindle, 6 Chy. 282 ; Citj of Toronto v. Boives, 4 Chy. 489 ; 6 Chy. I.) The discjualification does not merely relate to the time of acceptance of office, but to the time of the election. (Reg. ex. rel. Hill v. Belts, 4 P.R. 113 ; Reg. ex rel. Rollo V. Beard, i L.J.N.S. 126.) Penalties and Prohibitions. 229 It is not enough to disqualify a person to show that he Sec. loi. is the agent of the person who is really the contractor. Thus, an agent of an insurance company, paid by salary or commission, who, both before and since the election, had, on behalf of his company, effected insurances on several public buildings, the property of the corporation, and who at the time of the election had rented two tenements of his own to the board of school trustees for school purposes, was held not to be disqualified. (J^eg. ex re/. Bi/gg v. S/nith, I L.J.N.S. 129.) Where any trustee, through being interested in certain contracts with the board of trustees, has ipso facto vacated his seat, it does not, under the above section, actually become vacant until the other members of the board have declared it by a formal resolution, properly passed, to have become so vacant; and, until this is done, no remedy will lie by way of injunction to restrain such trustee from filling the seat. Quo tvarranio proceedings remain the only means, under such circumstances, by which the seat can be , declared vacant. (Chaplin v. Fublic School Board of the Toivti of Woodstock et al., 16 O.R. 728.) See also similar ruling in Hardtvick v. Brown., L.R. 8 C.P. 406, and cases commented on in above case, Regina v. Afayor of Hereford, 2 Salk. 701, and Rex v. Smith, 2 M. & S. 583. Where a school trustee was engaged professionally by the board to examine the pupils attending the school under his control as to the prevalence of an infectious disease among them, and he acted as instructed and rendered an account for his professional services, which the board ordered to be paid, it was held that, notwithstanding he afterwards declined to accept payment, on ascertaining that the law would not allow his receiving a fee, this dis- qualified him as a trustee and rendered his seat vacant. (Regina ex rel. Stewart v. Standish, 6 O.R. 408.) In Lee v. The Public School Board of the City of Toronto, 32 C.P. 78, the Public School Board of Toronto had entered into an agreement with and were purchasing during a certain year their stationery and school supplies from a publishing com- pany, of which, at and prior to the time of his election in 230 Public Schools Act. Sees. 191, the same year, the plaintiff was a shareholder. He was 192. 193- ^■^^Q ^ shareholder in certain insurance companies wiih whom the board had effected insurance, and of The Con- sumers' Gas Company, which supplied the board with gas. It was held that his position as a shareholder in the several companies did not disqualify him from acting as a trustee of the school board or render his seat vacant, and that he had not entered into any contract by himself or with another with the board. And a school trustee cannot, even with the consent of his co-trustees, be a contractor for the building of a school- house. (Lamont v. The School Trustees of Section No. j, Aldbnro, 5 L.J. 93.) This section does not, however, apply to the contract of the secretary-treasurer of a board of rural school trustees, who is a member of such board, with his board for com- pensation for his services, such a contract being allowed by section 33 (3). caiHn?sc°hoo°' ^92. In casc any annual or other rural meetings. scliool meeting has not been held for want of the proper notice, every trustee or other person whose duty it was to give the notice, shall forfeit the sum of $5 to be sued for and recovered before a Justice of the Peace, by any resident inhabitant in any rural school section, for the use thereof. See section 18 and section 40 (11). Penalty for dis- 193. Aiiv Dcrsonwho wilfullv disturbs, in- turbintj a school -^ ' -J ' mee'tS' tcrrupts, or disquiets the proceedings of any school meeting authorized to be held by this Act, or any one who wilfully interrupts or distjuiets any Public School established and conducted under its authority, or other school, by rude or indecent behavior, or by making a Penalties and PRoiinnrioNS. 2ji noise either within the phice or where such ^*<^^- '93. '■ 194, 195, 196. school is kept or held, or so near thereto as to disturb the order or exercises of the school, shall, ior each offence, on conviction thereof before a Justice of the Peace, on the oath of one credible witness, forfeit and pay for Public School purposes to the school section, city, town, or village within which the offence was committed, a sum not exceeding $20 together with the costs of the conviction, as the said Justice may think fit. 194. If anv person chosen as trustee re- fenaity for re- *^ ^ I fusing to serve fuses to serve he shall forfeit the sum of f 5. as trustee. See remarks under section 26. 195. Every person so chosen who has not Peiiaity for re- ■*^"'*^' J I fusing to per- refused to accept the office, and who at any '°™ '*"""• time refuses or neglects to perform its duties, shall forfeit the sum of $20 to be sued for and recovered before a Justice of the Peace, by the trustees of the school section or division, or by any person whatsoever for its use, as authorized by this Act. But where persons chosen as trustees had left a meeting of the board, refusing to act further while one M — , a member whose seat had become vacant by reason of his having absented himself from three consecutive meetings, continued to sit and vote as a trustee, it was held that such persons could not be convicted for neglect of duty under this section. (J^eg. v. Henderson et a/., C.V. Divisional Court, December 5th, 1892.) 196. If the trustees of any Public School S''5;J°;^^: wilfully neglect or refuse to exercise all the powers'."""^*'* 232 Public Schools Act. Sees. 196. corporate powers vested in them by this Act, for the fulfilment of any contract or agree- ment made by them, any trustee or trustees so neglecting or refusing to exercise such power shall be held to be personally respon- sible for the fulfilment of such contract or agreement. In a case where a mandamus nisi was issued to school trustees to levy the amount of a judgment obtained against them, no return was made, and a rule nisi for an attachment issued. In answer to this rule, one trustee swore that he always had been and still was desirous to obey the writ, and had repeatedly asked the others to join with him in levying the rate, but that they had refused. Another swore that owing to ill-health, with the consent of his co trustees and the local superintendent, he had resigned his ofifice before the writ was granted. The court, under these circumstances, discharged the rule nisi as against these two on payment of costs of the application, and granted an attachment against the other trustee, who had taken no notice of either the mandamus or rale. (R^g- v. Trustees 0/ School Section iVo. 27, Tyendinaga, 20 Q.B. 528.) The trustees can only be personally liable when they have wilfully neglected or refused toexercise their corporate powers. ( Kentiedy v. Burness, 15 Q.B. 473; Kennedy v. Halt, 7 C.P. 218 ; Ranney v. Mackleinet al., 9 C.P. 192 ; VanBiiren V. Bull et al., 19 Q.B. 633.) But where trustees decline in good faith to exercise their corporate powers on account of any doubt or legal difficulty which they suppose to exist, they are not personally liable. (VanBuren v. Bud et. al., 19 QB. 633.) Penalty on 197. Auy chaimian who neglects to trans- cnairinan for -' O neglect. j^j|. |-q y\^^ county inspcctor a minute of the proceedings of an annual or other rural school section meeting over which he has presided, Penalties and Pkohikitions, 233 within ten days after the holding; of such Sees. 197, 1 11 1 1*11 1 ^9^' '99- meeting shall be liable, on the complaint ol any ratepayer, to a fine of not more than $5 to be recovered as provided by this Act. See section 31. 198. If any trustees of any school section liability for •' -^ neslect to take refuse or neglect to take proper security from ^^''"''''^■ the secretary-treasurer, or other person to whom they entrust school moneys, they shall be held personally responsible for the moneys. See section t^t^ (2). 199. If any part of the Public School fund •^"P°"%''i'"y ■J i- in case of lost or money is embezzled or lost, through the "'''°°' "'""''■'■ dishonesty or faithlessness of any trustee, secretary-treasurer, or other person to whom it has been intrusted, and proper security against the loss has not been taken, the person or persons whose duty it was to have exacted the security shall be personall}^ responsible for the sums so embezzled or lost ; and such sums may be recovered from him or them by the person entitled to receive the same, by action in any Court having jurisdiction to the amount, or by information at the suit of the Crown. See section 33 (2). A school trustee having money in his hands, not as secretary and treasurer of a board, or in any official capacity, cannot be said to embezzle such money, his duty as a trustee not requiring or authorizing him to receive it. (Ferris v. /nvi?i, 10 C. P. 116.) 234 Public Schools Act. Sees. 200, 201. Penalty or. secretary- treasurer or : ■ -i'e for ;ng to . ^. jni. 200. No secretary-treasurer appointed by the school trustees of any school section, and no person having been such secretary- treasurer, and no trustee or other person who may have in his possession any books, papers, chattels, or moneys, which came into his possession as such secretary-treasurer, trus- tee or otherwise, shall wrongfull)' withhold, or neglect or refuse to deliver up, or account for, and pay over the same or any part thereof to the person, and in the manner directed by a majority of the school trustees for the school section then in office, or by other competent authority ; and such withholding, neglect or refusal to deliver up or account for, shall be punishable, as provided in the three following sections of this Act. Mode of proceeding. 201. (I). Upon application to the Judge of the County Court, by a majority of the trustees, or any two ratepayers in a school section supported by their affidavit made before some Justice of the Peace, of such wrongful withholding or refusal, the Judge shall make an order that such secretary- treasurer, or person having been such secre- tary-treasurer or trustee, or other person, do appear before him at a time and place to be appointed in the order. (2). Any bailiff of a Division Court, upon being required by the Judge, shall serve the order personally on the person complained Penalties and Prohibitions. 235 against, or leave the same with a grown-up ^^^^^ ^oi, ^ . . 01 202, 203. person at his residence. 202. At the time and place so appointed, |,^^|^'°'s^"« tlie Judi:,^e being satisfied that service has been made, shall, in a summary manner, and whether the person complained of does or does not appear, hear the complaint, and if he is of opinion that the complaint is well founded, the Judge shall order the person complained of to deliver up, account for, and pay over the books, papers, chattels, or moneys as aforesaid, by a certain day to be named by the Judge in the order, together with such reasonable costs incurred in making the application as the Judge may tax. 203. In the event of non- compliance with Effect of non- r compliance the terms specified in such order, or any or ^rjer "'^^^^ either of them, the Judge shall order the said person to be forthwith arrested by the sheriff of any county in which he may be found, and to be committed to the common gaol of his county, there to remain without bail until the Judge be satisfied that the person has de- livered up, accounted for, or paid over the books, papers, chattels or moneys in question, in the manner directed by the majority of the trustees, or other competent authority as aforesaid ; upon proof of his having so done, the Judge shall make an order for his dis- charge, and he shall be discharged accord- ingly. Other remedy not affected. 236 Public Schools Act. Sees. 204, 204. No such proceeding shall impair or 205, 206. ' ^ . ^ . affect any other remedy which the said trustees, or other competent authority, may have against the secretary-treasurer, or person having been such secretary-treasurer or his sureties, or against any trustee or other person as aforesaid. Penalty on 205. Thc trustecs, or their secretarv trustees refusing •' eic™audUor. treasurcr in their behalf, shall not refuse to furnish the auditors of any accounts of a rural school section, or either of them, with any papers or information in their power, and which may be required of them relative to their school accounts, and any contravention of this section upon prosecution therefor by either of the auditors, or any ratepayer, shall be punished by fine or imprisonment, as pro- vided by this Act. See section 37 (2). Secftosend 206. lu casc thc trustees of any rural retu'rnT'^ school scction neglect to transmit to the county inspector, on or before the 30th day of June, and the 31st day of December in every year, a correct and verified statement of the average attendance of pupils in each of the schools under their charge during the six months then immediately preceding, then the school section shall not be entitled to the apportionment from the school fund for the said six months, and the trustees so neglect- Penalties and Prohibitions. 237 ini:^ shall be personally responsible for the Sees. 206, r I 1 r 1 • 207, 208. amount ot the loss ot such apportionment. See section 40 (2). 207. In case the trustees of any school ^irayinV°y'-ariy section neglect to prepare and forward the''^^""' aforesaid annual report to their count}' in- spector by the 15th day of January in every year, each of them shall, for every week after such 15th day of January, and until such report has been prepared and presented, for- feit the sum of $5 to be sued for by the county inspector, and collected and applied in the manner provided for by this Act. See section 40 (13). 208. (i). If any trustee of a Public School 3P,^h"ooi''repom^ knowingly signs a false report, or if any teacher *"** ^^sisters. of a Public School keeps a false school register, or makes a false return, with the view of obtaining a larger sum than the just proportion of school moneys coming to such school, the trustee or teacher shall, for every offence, forfeit to the Public School fund of the numicipality the sum of $20 for which any person whatever may prosecute him before a Justice of the Peace, and the trustee or teacher may be convicted on the oath of one credible witness other than the prosecutor. See section 40 (13), and section 131 (2) and (9). (2). If upon conviction, the penalty is not Recovej-y by forthwith paid, the same shall, under the 238 Public Schools Act. Sees. 208, warrant of the justice, be levied with costs by 2og, 210. distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the offender. Jfnihy.""" °^ (3). The penalty, when so paid and col- lected, shall by the Justice be paid over to the said Public School fund. s'onany'respon- 209. (i). The trustccs of cvcry school losi! °'™°"^^^ section shall be personally responsible for the amount of any school moneys forfeited by or lost to the school section in consequence of the neglect of duty of the trustees during their continuance in office. (2). The amount thus forfeited or lost shall be collected and applied in the manner pro- vided for by this Act. GENERAL PROHIBITIONS. No inspector, 210. (i). No teaclicr, trustee, inspector, or trustee, teacher, ' ' . aeent'°fo\''lhe othcr pcrson officially connected with the mars" etc° ^' Educatiou Department, the Normal, Model, Public, or High Schools or Collegiate Insti- tutes, shall become or act as agent for any person or persons to sell, or in any way to promote the sale for such person or persons, of any school, library, prize or text-book, map, chart, school apparatus, furniture or stationery, or to receive compensation or other remunera- tion or equivalent for such sale, or for the promotion of sale in any way whatsoever. up'key! e?c^"* (2). Any teacher who refuses to give up possession of any visitor's book, school register, Recovkky of Penalties. 230 schoolhouse key or any other school properu Sees 210, in his possession shall not be deemed a c^uali- fied teacher until restitution is made, and shall also forfeit any claim which he may have against the said trustees. It is the duty of the teacher to deHver up the school registers and keys on the demand or order of the majority of the trustees employing him (s. 131, s-s. 6). HOW FINKS AND PENALTIES MAY BE RECOVERED. 211. (t). Unless it is in this Act otherwise how penalties •ij nr 1- ,-.. under this Act provided, all hnes, penalties, and forfeitures ^^aii be ^ ' 1 ; ^ recoverable. recoverable by summary proceedings, may be sued for, recovered, and enforced with costs, by and before any Police Magistrate or Justice of the Peace having jurisdiction within the school section, city, town, or village in which such fine or penalty has been incurred. (2). If the fine or penalty and costs are not forthwith paid, the same shall, by and under the warrant of the convicting Justice, be enforced, levied and collected with costs, by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the offender, and shall be by the Police Magistrate or Justice paid over to the school treasurer of the school section, city, town, or village, or other party entitled thereto. (3). In default of such distress, the Police Magistrate or Justice shall, by his warrant, cause the offender to be imprisoned for any time not exceeding thirty days, unless the fine and costs, and the reasonable expenses of 240 Public Schools Act. Sees 2 ;cs. 211, endeavoring: to collect the same, are sooner 12. 213. _ " paid. rONFIRMINC; AND SAVING CLAUSES. fr'amed'be^^^e 212. All lands wliicli prcvlous to the 24th m'stles'foV' day of July, 1850, were granted, devised or s:lioolpurpnses. , . , Otherwise conveyed to any person or persons in trust for common school purposes, and held by such person or persons and their heirs or other successors in the trust, and have been heretofore vested in the Public School trustees of the school section or division in which such lands are respectively situate, shall continue vested in such trustees, and shall continue to be held by said trustees and their successors upon the like trusts and subject to the same conditions and estates upon or subject to which the said lands are now respectively held. Rr.anca.hoiic 213. Chapter 225 of the Revised Statutes nraffeae'd'°°''of Ontario, 1887, and Chapter 51 of the Statutes passed in the 52nd year of Her Majesty's reign, are hereby repealed, but such repeal shall not in any manner or for any purpose be deemed or taken to alter, vary, affect or repeal any provision of law relating to Roman Catholic Separate Schools or the supporters thereof. Sec. I. AN ACT RESPECTING TRUANCY AND COMPULSORY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 5'. j ceed.ngs. appoiutcd uudcr this Act to institute, or cause to be instituted, proceedings against any parent, guardian or other persons having legal control or charge of any child, or against any corporation, or against any child violating any of the provisions of this Act. No complaint shall be entertained for any violation of this Act, unless it appears to the satisfaction of the Court that the alleged defender was duly warned in writing of the consequences of his offence bv the truant officer. A proviso in a statute making it the duty of certain ofificers to cause proceedings to be instituted for the viola- tions of its provisions requiring the attendance of children at school a certain portion of each year, that the law shall not apply in any school district where there is not sufficient seating accommodation for children required to attend, exempts such officers from the performance of that duty if the seating capacity is insufficient for those desiring to attend, and not only when it is insufficient for all who might of right attend, including those attending private or parochial schools. (Qnigley v. State, 5 Ohio C.C. 638.) No complaint can be entertained under this Act until the notice required by section 8 has been given to the offender. Truancy and Compulsory Attendance. 249 See section 15 as to penalty for neglect of the duty pre- Sees, n, 12. scribed by this section. 11. The assessors of every municipality Assessors »o •' ^ ^ •' make annual shall annually, when making their assessment, ofschoo/a'^'e''" enter in a book, to be provided by the clerk of the municipality, in the Form A, in the schedule to this Act, the name, age and resi- dence of every child between the age of eight and fourteen years, resident in the munici- pality, and the name and residence of such child's parent or guardian and return the said book to the clerk of the municipality with the assessment roll for the use of the truant officer. For Form A referred to in above section, see Form j d, Appendix A. 12. It shall be the duty of the trustees o{^r\nc\pK\siore. J port to truant every school to report to the truant officer of °®"''- the municipality in which their school is situated, the name, age and residence of all pupils on the school register, who have not attended school as required by this Act, together with such other information as said officer may require, for carrying out the pro- visions of this Act. Such reports shall be made in the last week of June and December in each year ; and it shall be the further duty of the trustees to report forthwith to the truant officer all cases of truancy or expulsion in their respective schools. If the trustees neglect the duty laid on them by above 250 Truancy and Compulsory Attendance. Sees. 12, 13, section, they will be liable to the penalty mentioned in ^^' section 15. For form of notice of truant children, see J^orm j/, Appendix A. A« by°c"o'rpora- 13. WhcH any of the provisions of this "°°'' Act are violated by a corporation, proceedings may be had against any of the officers or agents of the corporation, who in any way participate in such violation by the corporation of which they are the officers or agents, and such officers or agents shall be subject to the same penalties as individuals similarly offend- ing. Service of \^ Anv noticc or warning required or notices by -' o t truant officers, authorlzcd to bc givcn by a truant officer, for the purposes of this Act may be given by delivering the same to or at the residence of the person to whom it is to be given, or in the case of a company or corporation by deliver- ing the same, or a true copy thereof, to any agent or person employed by such company or corporation ; it may also be given by post by a prepaid letter, and if given by post shall be deemed to have been given and received respectively at the time when the letter con- taining the same would be delivered in the ordinary course of post, and in proving such sending, it shall be sufficient to prove that it was properly addressed and put into the post ; and where it is required to be sent to any company or corporation it shall be deemed to be properly addressed if addressed to any office Truancy and Compulsory Attendance;. 251 or agency of such company or corporation, Sees. 14, 15, with the addition of the proper postal address. or lit; 10 15. Any person or officer mentioned in this^''^7"y.^°'' Act, and designated as having certain duties ^"^°'"'^'-'^*"' to perform in the enforcement of any of its provisions, neglecting to perform any such duties, shall be liable to a fine of not less than ^25 nor more than $50 for each and every offence. 16. All prosecutions under this Act may be P''°^«<="''°°^- brought and heard before any of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace in and for the county where the penalty was incurred or the offence was committed or wrong done, and in cities and towns, in which there is a police magis- trate, before such police magistrate; and save Rev. stat., c. 74. where otherwise provided by thi.s Act the pro- cedure shall be governed by The* Act respect, ing Siimiiiary Convictio7is before yustices of the Peace and A-ppeals to Getieral Sessions. For text of Act, see Appendix. 17. A conviction or order made in any convictions not -' to be quashed matter arising under this Act, either originally ^°'''"f°'''°^'''y- or on appeal, shall not be quashed for want of form, and a conviction or order made by a Cotirt of summary jurisdiction against which a person is authorized by this Act to appeal, shall not be removed by certiorari or other- wise, either at the instance of the Crown or of any private person, into the High Court 252 Truancy and Compulsory Attendance, Sees. 17, 18, except for the purpose of the hearing and determination of a special case. O"j'sofproofof 18^ With respect to proceedings for any offence or penalty under the provisions of this Act, where a child is apparently of the age alleged, for the purpose of such proceeding it shall lie with the defendant to prove that the child is not of such age. rompeiied°to 19- Nothing hcrcin shall be held to require separate" "^ ""^ any Roman Catholic to attend a Public schools. oil • T^ School, or to require a Protestant to attend a Roman Catholic Separate School. There shall be no penalty in respect of the absence of any child from school on any day regarded as a holy day by the church or religious denomination to which such child belongs. ofTcr""""^"' 20. This Act shall not come into force until the ist day of July, 1891. Sees. I, 2. THE HIGH SCHOOLS ACT, 1891. 5^ Victoria^ Cha-pter ^j. AN ACT CONSOLIDATING AND REVISING THE HIGH SCHOOLS ACT. This Act is the final revision of the many Acts and amendments thereto heretofore passed respecting high schools. Previous to the year 1854, no separate legislative enact- ments were passed respecting high, or, as they were then called, grammar schools, but in that year separate legislation respecting their establishment and management went into effect. See 16 Vict,, c. 186. HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows: — GENERAL. 1, This Act may be cited as " The //^^/^ short tuie. Schools Act^ i8giy See remarks under section i of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. 2. Where the words following occur in this interpretation. Act they shall be construed in the manner 254 High Schools Act. Sec. 2. hereinafter mentioned, unless a contrary in- tention appears. See remarks under section 2 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. "HjRh (I). " Hio;h Schools " shall include Col- Schools. ^ ' ^ legiate Institutes, unless a contrary meaning appears. Previous to the 15th February, 1871, high schools were designated and known as " Grammar Schools," but by 34 Vict., c. ;^^, s. 34, the term " High School " was introduced. "Municipality." (2). " Municipality " shall mean a city, town, incorporated village or township, but shall not mean a county; "County." (3). "County" shall also include counties united for municipal purposes. "District." ^y "District" shall mean the municipali- ties and parts of municipalities over which the High School board of trustees has juris- diction as a corporation; ^X"^ (5)- "County pupils" shall mean pupils whose parents or guardians reside in the county in which the High School attended by such pupils is situated, but not within the limits of any High School district of such county; pu'ilu'^'^"' (6). " Resident pupils " shall mean pupils whose parents or guardians reside in the district in which the High School attended General. 255 by such pupils is situated, or luhose paj'eji/s ^^^- 2- or guardians are assessed for an amount equal to the average amount of resident ratepayers of the district. The words in italics indicate the amendment made to above sub-section by 56 Vict., c. 52, s. i. The amendment does not, liowever, affect any action now pending in any Court of this Province with respect to any question raised under this Act previous to the coming into force of the amendment. (56 Vict., c. 52, s. 5.) (7). "Non-resident pupils" shall mean M ^S.-- '"'"' pupils whose parents or guardians do not reside in the county, city or town separated from the county in which the High School attended by such pupils is situated; or (b) pupils whose parents or guardians reside in a High School district of the county other than the district in which the High School attended by such pupil is situated. (8). "Permanent improvements" shall ;;p;™.|Ss.' mean such expenditure as may be neces- sary for the purchase or rental of a residence for the teacher or for the purchase or rental of a school site and the erecting or rental of a schoolhouse, or for the enlarge- ment of both or either of them, or for per- manently changing the system of heating and ventilation, the erection of fences, outhouses and gymnasium, or for the purchase of school furniture, maps and apparatus, library, and all other appliances required by the Regula- 256 High Schools Act. Sees. 2, 3. tions of the Education Department for High Schools. The clearing of land necessary for any of above pur- poses might come under the head of " Permanent improve- ments." See Robinet v. Fickeri?ig, 44 Q.B. 337. "Maintenance. ^^^^ "Maintenance" shall mean such ex- penditure as may be necessary for ordinary repairs in the teacher's residence or for the improvement of the grounds attached thereto, and for the salaries of teachers, officers and servants of the board and for conducting the entrance examination prescribed by this Act and for repairs to school buildings, outhouses, gymnasium, and fences and for the improve- ment of the school grounds, the repair of school furniture, and sundry expenses for ordinary school purposes and such annual additions to the librar}', apparatus, and other school appliances as may be required by the Regulations of the Education Department for High Schools. See The Niagara School Board, i A.R. 288, and Re Oakwood and the Township of Mariposa, 16 A.R. 87. Srp"rffion''^^ 3. The trustccs of every High School dis- trict shall be a corporation, by the name of "The High School Board," (prefixing to the term " High School," or " Collegiate Institute," the name of the municipality within which such High School or Collegiate Institute is situated), and shall have and possess all the powers usually enjoyed by corporations, so Boards of Education. 257 far as the same are necessary for carrying out ^ecs. 3, 4. the purposes of this Act. The trustees of every High School shall hold office until their successors are appointed and the new board is organized. See remarks under section 7 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi (ante, p. 18). UNION OF PUBLIC AND HIGH SCHOOL BOARDS. 4. (I). The union of the trustees of any Boards of education. Public and High School for the joint manage- ment of the Public and High Schools of any municipality shall form one corporation under the name of " The Board of Education " for the city, town, incorporated village or town- ship of (as the case may be). Such board shall have the powers of trustees of both Public and High School trustees. A majority shall form a quorum. See remarks under section 8(1) of The Public Schools Act, i8gi (ante, p. 20). (2). If at any meeting of a board of educa-D'ssoiuticnof •' ^ _ boards. tion called for that purpose a majority of all the members thereof, vote in favor of the dis- solution of the board such board shall be dis- solved on and after the close of the current year. This sub-section differs somewhat from the correspond- ing sub-section of section 8 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi. The latter sub-section makes the additional provisions that the board may be dissolved on a two-thirds vote of the high school trustees, or a two-thirds vote of the public school trustees. 17 2^8 High Schools Act. Sees, 4. 5. Members of board for high school to be high school trustees. Division of property at dissolution. (3). In case any board of education is dis- solved, the members of such board of educa- tion who were appointed on behalf of the High School shall be the board of trustees for such High School, to hold office the full term of their appointment or until changed according to the provisions of this Act. (4). In the case of such dissolution as afore- said all school property held by the corpora- tion for High School purposes shall be vested in the High School board of trustees, subject to any trust for Public School purposes attached thereto; and any other property held or possessed jointly by the corporation before dissolution shall be divided as may be agreed upon by the trustees of the High School and Public School respectively at a meeting called for that purpose. If no division is made within six months, then the division shall be made forthwith by the council of the muni- cipality within which the High School is situated. an"dh"gteoois (5^- ^t shall not be lawful for the trustees unlawful. of any High School to unite hereafter with the trustees of any Public School to form a board of education. This section, and the sub-section.s thereof, are materially the same as section 8, and the sub-sections thereof, of The Public Schools Act, i8gi (ante p. 19, et seq.). Existing high school organiza- tions continued. 5. All appointments, agreements, contracts, assessments, and rate-bills, her'etofore duly High School Districts. 259 made in relation to High Schools existing at ^*<=s- 5. 6. the passing of this Act, and all powers and duties connected therewith, shall continue in full force and effect, subject to the provisions of this Act. HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 6. (i). All High School districts in exist- "'^^.5'=*'°°' ^ ' " districts con- ence on the passing of this Act shall remain''""^''' as then constituted until changed by the municipal council of the county by which they were established, or until altered as is hereinafter provided, but nothing herein con- tained shall be construed as interfering with any suit or action now pending before any court of competent jurisdiction in which the validity of any High School district is called in question. It was decided under section 40 of 34 Vict., c. 33, which provided that all high school districts existing at the time of the passing of that statute should continue as such un^iV otherivise altered by by-laiv of the county council, that such council had impliedly the power, from time to time, to change the limits of a high school district, and not merely to do so once, or when an additional school was established. (Re William Tyrell and The Corporation of the County of York, 35 Q.B. 247.) (2). Where prior to the first day of Tanuarv, sy-iaws setting ^ ' ^ J J J ^ apart portions 1878, the municipal council of any county did hlg"""""''" '""^ by by-law set apart and constitute any portion^" of the county as a separate district for High School purposes, the by-law, if not heretofore set aside, repealed, or quashed by any lawful authority in that behalf shall, to all intents gh school rposes. 26o High Schools Act. Sees. 6, 7. a^n(j fQj- ^11 purposes be considered and taken as valid, legal and binding, and the High School districts thereby constituted or in- tended to be constituted, shall also for all purposes be deemed, and taken as having been lawfully and validly constituted. The repeal of a by-law can operate only prospectively, and cannot disturb rights which have been acquired under it. (Re Wolverton and the Townships of North and South Grimsby, 3 O.R., at p. 297.) purposes. KruinSs (3)- Any right of appeal from any Judge of revived. ^^ High Court of Justice or from a Divisional Court of the said High Court which any party or corporation had on the seventh day of April, 1890, with regard to the validity of any by-law establishing a High School district is hereby revived. iVonsof°mSni: 7. (i). On the petition of two-thirds of the highschooi'' ratepayers of any municipality contiguous to a High School district, or, on the petition of two-thirds of the ratepayers of any portion of a municipality contiguous to a High School district, the municipal council of such muni- cipality shall, by by-law, unite the whole, or such portion thereof as is set forth in the said petition, to such High School district for High School purposes, and such union shall take effect on the first of January next follow- ing the lapse of six months after the adoption of such by-law. Reading this sub-section with the following, its effect is High School Districts. 261 to give power to the council of any municipality to unite Sec. 7. by by-law the whole or any portion thereof to an adjoining high school district, witliout its being necessary for the municipality or municipalities composing such high school district to pass any by-law assenting to such union ; and also power to withdraw from such high school district without the concurrence, in the form of a by-law, of the other municipality or municipalities composing such high school district. The union or withdrawal cannot, of course, take effect unless the provisions of this section are strictly complied with by the municipality uniting with, or with- drawing from, the high school district. Formerly, such union or withdrawal would have required the passing, on the petition of two-thirds of its or their ratepayers, of a by-law by both the municipalities uniting or withdrawing for such union or withdrawal, and the other municipality or municipalities forming the high school district assenting to such union or withdrawal. See Re Wolverton and the Totvnships of North and South Grimsby^ 3 O.R. 293. (2). In like manner and on like petition any withdrawal ^ ^ ■' from union. municipality or any portion thereof forming part of a High School district, may withdraw from such High School district without the concurrence or any other act on the part of the other municipality or municipalities com- posing the High School district, but any by- law for such withdrawal shall not come into operation until the first day of January next following the lapse of six months from the passing thereof, and such withdrawal shall not relieve the municipality or any portion thereof so withdrawn from any rates legally imposed for the issue of debentures or from any other debts incurred while, such municipality or part 262 High Schools Act. Sees. 7, 8. thereof was attached to such High School district. See remarks under previous sub-section. cier'Sr^ (3)- The certificate of the clerk of the numberof^'° municipality with respect to the number of ratepayers. . , . . , . ratepayers m such municipality, or part thereof to which the petition heretofore men- tioned is intended to refer, shall be final and conclusive. NEW HIGH SCHOOLS. Establishment g. (i). Oh or beforc the first of July in any and discontinu- _ j j j schoo'is.'"^'' year, the municipal council of any county may, subject to approval by the Lieutenant- Governor in Council, pass a by-law for the establishment of a new High School in any municipality, containing not fewer than one thousand inhabitants, according to the last municipal census, and the municipal council of any county may in like manner discontinue, at the end of the current calendar year, any High School already established. The Cofisolidated Mmiicipal Act, i8g2, gives the council of any county, city, and town separated from the county for municipal purposes power to i)ass by-laws " for estab- lishing high schools and appointing high school trustees, subject to The High Schools Act, and for obtaining in such part of the county, or of any city or town separated within the county, as the wants of the people may most require, the real property requisite for erecting high school houses thereon, and for other high school purposes, and for preserving, improving, and repairing such schoolhouses, and for disposing of such property when no longer required." (55 Vict., c. 42, s. 495, s-s. 5.) New High Schools. . 263 (2). Where it is proposed to form a High Sees. 8, 9. School district to be composed of more muni- ^° *='''"• cipahties than one, the county council may pass a by-law for the establishment of a High School in any incorporated village, although containing less than one thousand inhabitants, within the proposed district, but such by-law shall not be operative until it is shown to the satisfaction of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council that the adjoining municipalities have passed by-laws as provided by section 7 of this Act, for uniting with such incorporated village so as to constitute a district containing at least 3,000 inhabitants according to the last Dominion census. See remarks under previous sub-section. (3). The municipal council of a city may establish as many High Schools in such city as it may deem expedient, subject to the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. 9. (i). In every High School, instruction instruction t? y o ' be given in high shall be given in the higher branches of a^'^^""'"- practical English and commercial education ; the natural sciences, with special reference to agriculture; the elements of mathematics and physics, and the Latin, Greek, French and German languages, so far as to prepare students for matriculation into the University of Toronto. The course of study is prescribed by sections 17 to 20 of the Departmental Regulations. 264 High Schools Act. Sees. 9, 10, (2). Preparatory schools or classes shall be „ — abolished on and after the ist of January next Preparatory _ -' -' abolished. ensuing after the passage of this Act. Collegiate in- ^Q. On the rcport of the Minister of Edu- stitute, how i constituted, catiou, and subject to the regulations of the •Education Department, any High School having (i) suitable school buildings, out- buildings, grounds and appliances for physical training; (2) a library, containing standard books of reference in the subjects of the High School curriculum; (3) a laboratory, with the necessary chemicals, and apparatus for teach- ing the elements of the sciences ; (4) a staff of at least, five teachers ; four being special- ists one in each of the following departments: Classics, Mathematics, Natural Science, Modern Languages, including English, and any one of the staff being a specialist in the Commercial Department ; (5) such other assistants as will secure thorough instruction in all the subjects on the curriculum of studies approved by the Education Department for Collegiate Institutes ; may be constituted a Collegiate Institute by order of the Lieutenant- Governor in Council. The Rules of the Education Department applying to high schools also apply to collegiate institutes. See D.R., ss. 12 to 29. TRUSTEES. Number and H, Evcry High School corporation shall appointment of y o x i''rus'tees'!''°' cousist of at Icast six trustees. In the case of High Schools situated in any municipality Trustees. 265 within the jurisdiction of the county, three of such trustees shall be appointed by the county council, and additional trustees shall be ap- pointed by the municipalities composing the High School district as follows, that is to say: — A member of the municipal council of the municipality or county in which a high school is situated is not qualified to serve as a trustee for such high school (s. 12, s-s. 2), nor can any high school trustee be a member of the county council. (52 Vict., c. 36, 3. 4; 55 Vict., c. 42, s. 77, s-s. i.) The appointment of the trustees must be by by-law, (Dawson v. The Corporation of the Toivn of Smilt Ste. Marie, et al., 18 O.R. 556.) (i). Where a High School district is com- posedof onemunicipality the municipal council thereof shall appoint three additional trustees; where a High School district iscomposedoftwo municipalities, each municipality shall appoint two additional trustees ; and where a district is composed of more than two municipalities, each municipality shall appoint one additional trustee. Any portion of a municipality assessed for ^50,000, included in a High School district, shall be considered a muni- cipality for the purposes of this section. In every case one of the trustees appointed by the county council and one trustee in each municipality composing the High School dis- trict shall retire each year. (2). Where a High School district is com- posed of a county, the county council shall Sec. II. 266 High Schools Act. Sec. II. appoint six trustees for such district, two of whom shall retire every year. (3). In cities and in towns separated from the county, the municipal council thereof shall appoint six trustees for each of the High Schools of such city or town ; where the High Schools in a city do not exceed three in number the municipal council shall appoint six trustees for each High School, and the trustees so appointed shall, with such addi- tional trustees as are authorized by this Act,' form one corporation. The municipal council of every city and town shall, by by-law, pro- vide for the annual retirement of so many of the trustees appointed by the council as shall secure a complete rotation every three years. See sub-section 6 as to the appointment of a trustee by public school trustees. (4). Where the trustees of any High School situated in a city or in a town separated from the county, notify the county clerk that such High School is open to county pupils on the same terms as High Schools in the munici- palities not separated from the county, the county council may, from time to time, ap- point three additional trustees of and for such High School so long as the school is open to county pupils on the terms aforesaid. 5). The Separate School board of the city, town, or incorporated village in which a High School is situated, may appoint one trustee Trustees. 267 of and for such High School board, who shall s«cs. n, 12. hold office for one year, provided always, in the case of a board of education, that such trustee, shall not take part in any of the pro- ceedings affecting the Public School. (6). Except in the case of a board of edu- cation, the Public School trustees of every city, town, or incorporated village in which a High School is situated, may appoint annually one trustee of and for such High School board, who shall hold office for one year. 12. (i). Vacancies arisincj from the annual yacandes now \ ' o filled. retirement of trustees shall be filled at the first meeting thereof after being duly organized in each year by the municipal councils or by the boards of trustees empowered under this Act to make the appointments ; and vacancies arising from death, resignation, or removal from the High School district or county, or otherwise, shall be filled forthwith by the municipal council or board of trustees having the right of appointment, and the person appointed to fill such vacancy shall hold office only for the unexpired term of the person whose place has become vacant. (2). Any ratepayer 21 years of age, rt^^/VZ/V/o' Qualification of in the county or municipaUty in ivhich the High School is situated^ who is not a member of the municipal council of the municipality (^r county in which the High School is situated shall be qualified to serve as a High School 268 High Schools Act. Sees. 12, 13- trustee, or as a member of a board of educa- tion. This sub-section shall not apply to anv person now serving as a High School trustee or as a member of a board of education until his present term of ofhce as trustee has ex- pired. The original section was amended by 55 Vict., c. 60, s. 6, by omitting the word " resident " before ratepayer, and adding the words in itah'cs. First meeting of board. Quorum. First Meeting. 13. (i). The first annual meeting of every board of trustees or board of education shall be held at the hour of seven o'clock in the afternoon of the first Wednesday of February or at such hour of the same day as may have been determined by resolution of the former board, and shall be organized by the election of a chairman, who shall be a member of the board, and a secretary and treasurer or secretary-treasurer. A majority of the board shall form a quorum. The resolution changing the hour of meeting must have been passed at a regular meeting of the board retiring from office. This can be done at any time during their year of office, and only affects the meeting for organization. Subsequent meetings of the board are generally regulated by the by-laws of the respective boards. pfes?deaVfirst ^'^) • '^^^ sccrctary or secretary-treasurer for Smln"'*' the previous year shall preside at the first meeting of the board until the chairman is elected, or if there be np secretary or secretary- Duties of Trustees. 269 treasurer then such member of the board shall secs. 13. 14. preside as may be appointed for that purpose. Though not specifically mentioned in this sub-section, it is clear, from a comparison with the preceding sub-section, that the first duty of the board is the election of the chairman. (s). In case of an equality of votes at theEquaiuyof ^^' _ ■"■ -^ votes on the election of chairman, the trustee who is^E.n"n! assessed for the largest sum on the last revised assessment roll shall have a second or casting vote, in addition to his vote as a member of the board. See sub-section 3 of section 106 of T/ie Public Schools Act, iSgi, and remarks thereunder. vote. (4). The chairman or presiding officer of the chairman to board may vote with the other members of the board on all questions, and any question on which there is an equality of votes shall be deemed to be negatived. Compare section 106(4) of ^/^t' Public Schools Act, i8gi. Duties of Trustees. 14. It shall be the first duty of every board Duties of -' -' trustees. of trustees and they shall have power: — trustees. (i). To fix the times and places of the F'^ meetings of ^ board. board meetings, the mode of calling and con- ducting them, and of keeping a full and correct account of the proceedings of such meetmgs. This is similar to the duty of trustees in cities, towns. 270 High Schools Act, Sec. 14. and incorporated villages under section 107(2) of The Public Schools Act, i8gi {ante, p. 145). ^chll\.°^^'^^ (2). To take charge of the High School for which they have been appointed trustees, to keep the school buildings in proper repair, to provide from time to time suitable furniture and equipment, and to see that the grounds and all the property of the corporation are duly protected. Compare sub-sections 2 and 6 of section 42, and sub- sections 4 and 13 of section 107, of The Public Schools Act,. i8gi, as to the somewhat similar duties of trustees under that Act. See also remarks under those sections. Collection of (o). Xo scttlc the amount to be paid by fees for tuition. ^ * ^ parents and guardians for each pupil attend- ing the High School, subject to the provisions of this Act, to fix the times of payment, and^ when necessary, to sue for and recover such amounts. Orders for (4). To glvc thc ucccssary orders upon the expenses. trcasurcr of the board for the payment of the salaries of the teachers and other officers and servants of the High School, and for any other necessary expenses. Application to (<;). To applv to tlic municipal council or council for . i 1 ./ x m.Tn.ln'.n.p couuclls, Hablc undcr this Act, on or before the first day of August, for such sums as the board may require for the maintenance of the High School, or for any sums not exceeding^ five hundred dollars in one year for per- manent improvements. It is not necessary for the trustees to submit to the Duties of Trustees. 271 municipal council an estimate, similar to that required from Sec. 14. trustees under The Public Schools Act^ showing how the sum required is made up. (In re The Trustees of Port Rowan High School and the Corporation of the Township of Walsinghant, 23 C. P. 11.) A demand made by the secretary-treasurer of a high school board, as such, is sufficient, especially if it is in any way recognized by the municipal council as a demand made by the board. (lb.) As to the duties of trustees under The Public Schools Act, see section 40 (8) and 107 (to) of that Act. And where the county municipality consists of three united counties, the amount required for the equivalent of the Government grant to the several high schools in the municipality is a charge upon the county municipality, and must be levied by an equal rate upon the whole assessable property in the municipality constituting the county of the three united counties. (Pe Chamberlain and the Corporation of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry, 42 Q.B. 279.) But see now 55 Vict., c. 42, s. 495 (6). (6). To take such security from the treasurer security from ■' treasurer. of the board as they may deem expedient. See sub-section 2 of section 33 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. And, by sub-section 2 of section 36 of this Act, it is the duty of the secretary- treasurer to give security to the board appointing him for the due and faithful performance of his duties. For form of bond to be given by secretary-treasurer, see Form 8, Appendix A. (7). To expel, on the report of the principal, pup^iS'"""^ any pupil whose conduct may be deemed injurious to the welfare of the school ; and to expel any pupil whose parents or guardians neglect or refuse to pay the tuition fees of such pupil after reasonable notice. It is submitted that, unless the words "dismiss" and 2/2 High Schools Act. Sec. 14. " expel " are accepted as synonymous, greater power is conferred upon the trustees under above sub-section than that conferred upon pubHc school trustees under the somewhat similar provisions of The Public Schools Act, iSgi {ante, pp. 57, 148), for to "expel" a pupil is to cut such pupil off from further connection with the school, and this the high school trustees have power to do effectually, for no provision is made for the readmission of the pupil ; whereas the power of the public school trustees is limited to "dismissal," and the pupil may be readmitted upon purging himself of his offence. The presumption is afforded that the words " dismiss " and " expel " are synonymically intended, for the Depart- mental Regulations provide that any pupil in a public school " who shall be adjudged so refractory by the board of trustees, and by the teacher, that his presence in the school is injurious to the other pupils may be expelled,'^ and, under certain conditions, readmitted. (D.R., s. 5, s-s. 9.) It is well to notice that the high school trustees have not the power the public school trustees have of removing a hopeless character to an industrial school. Pupils may also be precluded from attending a high school under the provisions of the Act respecting Vaccina- tion and Inoculation, R.S.O., 1887, c. 206, section 17 of which provides that " in all cases, when it is deemed neces- sary by the medical health officer of any municipality, owing to the presence or threatened presence of smallpox, he may, with the approval of the local board of health, require certificates of successful vaccination, or of insus- ceptibility on re-vaccination within seven years, of all students of high schools, collegiate institutes, * * +^ within the municipality, to be presented to the proper authorities of the said institutions, and no student, refusing to present such certificate on demand, shall be admitted to further attendance on classes in said institutions until such certificate is furnished." They may also be deprived of the right to attend by action taken under The Public Health Act, R.S.O., 1887, c. 205, s. 94, owing to their Duties of Trustees. 273 suffering from a contagious disease. For text of section Sec. 14. 94, see ante, pp. 146 and 185. (8). To appoint and remove such teachers, ^'^ppoin'mem ' and removal of officers and servants as they may deem ex-'^^''^^"- pedient, and to fix their salaries and prescribe their duties. As to the appointment of high school teachers, see section 39 ; as to the suspension of teachers for neglect of duty, see section 40 (3) ; as to the duties of teachers, see D.R., sections 16, 6, and 7. (q). To provide adequate accommodation Accommodation ^ for pupils. according to the regulations of the Education Department for all resident pupils, and in the case of High Schools receiving aid from the county for county pupils also, subject to section 33 of this Act. Compare sections 40(3) and 107(3) of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and see remarks thereunder. Section 2)2> of this Act provides that "all sums of money required by the trustees of any high school for permanent improvements exceeding five hundred dollars shall be raised by assessment on the ratepayers of the municipality or municipalities composing the high school district, on the application of the board of trustees to the municipal council or councils of the district, made on or before the first of August in each year; and in the event of the municipal council, where the high school district is com- posed of one municipality, or in the event of a majority of the municipalities composing the high school district approving of such application, the municipality within which the high school is situated shall issue debentures therefor in the manner provided for the issue of municipal debentures under The Municipal Act oi 1887." 274 High Schools Act. Sees. 14, 15. (^10). To certify to the treasurer of the S'to^county count}' OH or before the first of August each year, the amount of fees collected from county pupils for the calendar year next preceding. Certi ceived to county treasurer Conduct of school. Annual report to Minister. (II). To see that the High School is con- ducted according to the provisions of this Act, and the regulations of the Education Depart- ment. If the trustees fail to perform their duty in this respect, the high school will not be entitled to receive any part of the high school grant (s. 44). As to the proper conduct of schools, see D.R., sections 4, 5, 6, and 16(3). (12). To prepare and transmit to the Min- ister of Education, the annual report before the 15th of January, and the semi-annual reports at the close of each half year, in accordance with forms provided by the Education Department. Form 41, Appendix A, can be used. Selection of site restricted. SITES FOR HIGH SCHOOLS. 15. A High School site shall not be selected in a township within a hundred yards of the garden, orchard, pleasure ground, or dwelling house of the owner without his consent. The site must have no connection with a public school as regards premises. (D.R., s. 12, s-s. i.) It must be half an acre in extent, well fenced, well drained, planted with shade trees, and suitably provided with walks in front and rear. (11^., s-s. 2.) This is an additional statutory requisite required in the High School Sites. 275 case of the selection of new sites in a township, and is not Sees. 15, 16, prescribed by the Rules of the Education Department. ^' 16. It shall be competent for the trustees Enlargement oi '^ _ school site. to enlarge any existing High School site, as required by the regulations of the Education Department, provided no such enlargement shall be made in the direction of, or including an orchard, garden, pleasure ground or dwell- ing house, without the consent of the owner of the land required, unless the school site cannot be otherwise enlarged. See sections 67 and 74 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. 17. If the owner of any land selected by ^■^''"■■fi?" '° -' J case of dis- the board of trustees of any High School for ^^''^^"^"'• a site, or for High School purposes or for the enlargement of the High School premises, refuses to sell the same, or demands therefor a price deemed unreasonable by the trustees . of such High School, then such owner and trustees shall each forthwith appoint an arbi- trator, and the arbitrators thus appointed, together with the Senior County Judge of the county in which the site in dispute is situated, or in the case of his inability to attend, any person appointed by him on his behalf as third arbitrator, or any two of them, shall appraise the damages for such land. See section 67 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. In the case provided for in that section, the inspector acts as third arbitrator. Under the 276 High Schools Act. Sees. 17, 18, above provision, and also under the next section, the senior ^^' county judge takes the place of the inspector. whTnowner re- 18. If thc owncF of land selected for a school ^""rbi°ra^or.""site, as pFovidcd by the preceding section, an art neglects or refuses to appoint an arbitrator, it shall be competent for the County Judge, with the arbitrator appointed by the trustees, to meet and determine the matter ; and in such cases the County Judge shall have a second or casting vote, if he and such arbitrator do not agree. See similar provision made by section 68 of T/ie Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks under that section. Under above section, the county judge takes the place of the inspector mentioned in section 68. Powers of 19 Xhe arbitrators aforesaid, or any two arbiirators. ' -^ of them, shall have the power to settle all claims or rights of encumbrancers, lessees, tenants, or other persons, as well as those of the owner, in respect of the land required for the purpose of the High School site, upon notice in writing to every such claimant, and after hearing and determining his claims or rights, and, upon tender of the amount of such damage to the owner or other person entitled thereto, or to any part of such amount, by the trustees, the land shall be taken and used for the purpose aforesaid. See sub-sections i and 2 of section 69 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. For form of notice by arbitrators to claimants, see Form 2j, Appendix A. High School Sites. 277 20. If only a majority of the arbitrators Sees. 20, 21 appointed to decide any case arising under p^.^^^— ^ the authority of this Act are present at anybitrTtoTfs"" lawful meeting, in consequence of the neglect* ^*'"' or the refusal of the other arbitrator to meet them, it shall be competent for those present to make and publish an award upon the matter or matters submitted to them, or to adjourn the meeting for any period not ex- ceeding ten days, by giving the absent arbi- trator notice of the adjournment. See section 70 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi, and remarks thereunder. 21. Any award for a High School site made^«;ard^tocon- and published under this Act, if there be no conveyance, shall thereafter be deemed to be the title of the trustees to the land mentioned therein, and shall be a good title thereto against all persons interested in the property in any manner whatsoever, and shall be registered in the proper registry office on the affidavit the secretary of the board of trustees verifying the same. This provision is similar to that made in respect to sites for pubUc schools by section 72 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. For form of affidavit, see Form 24, Appendix A. 22. The costs of arbitration shall be paid'=°*'*- by the parties concerned in such proportion as may be determined by the arbitrators. See section 72 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. 278 High Schools Act. Secs^s, 24. 23. All corporations and persons whatever, ^nvey!*^ tenants in tail or for life, guardians, executors, administrators, and all other trustees whatso- ever, not only for and on behalf of themselves, their heirs and successors, but also for and on behalf of those they represent, whether in- fants, issue unborn, lunatics, idiots, femes- coverts, or other person, seized, possessed of or interested in any land, may contract for, sell or convey all or part thereof to High School trustees for a school site or an addition to the school site, or for a teacher's residence; and any contract, agreement, sale, convey- ance and assurance so made shall be valid and effectual to all intents and purposes whatsoever ; and the corporations or persons so conveying are hereby indemnified for what they respectively do by virtue of or in pur- suance of this Act. See section 75 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and . remarks thereunder. Notice in case 24. If tlic owncr of laud duly selected for owner is absent _ _ -^ or unknown, -j-^e gaid purposc is absent from the county in v.'hich the land lies, or is unknown, the trustees may procure from a sworn surveyor a certifi- cate that he is not interested in the matter ; that he knows the land and that some certain sum therein named is, in his opinion, a fair compensation for the same ; and on filing the said certificate with the Judge of the County Court of the county in which the land lies, accompanied by an affidavit or affidavits which High School Sites. 279 satisfy the Tud^^^e that the owner is absent ^^*=^- ^4, 25, . . 26. from the county and that, after dihgent en- quiry, he cannot be found, the Judge may order a notice to be inserted for such a time as he sees fit in some newspaper published in the county ; and he may, in addition thereto, order a notice to be sent to any person by mail, or may direct service of the same to be effected in such other way as he sees fit. See section 76 of The Piihlic Schools Act, iSgi, and remarks thereunder. For forms of certificate, affidavit, and notice mentioned above, see Forms 25, 26, and 27, Appendix A. 25. The notice shall contain a short descrip- p^r'^cuiars of r notice. tion of the land, and a declaration of the readi- ness of the trustees to pay the sum certified as aforesaid ; shall give the name of a person to be appointed as the arbitrator of the trus- tees if their offer of that sum is not accepted; shall name the time within which the offer is to be accepted, or an arbitrator named by the owner; and shall contain any other par- ticulars which the County Judge may direct. See section 77 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. For form of notice, see For7n 2y, Appendix A. 26. If within such time as the Judge directs, ^rKToTby' °^ the owner does not notify the trustees of the^"'*^^" acceptance of the sum offered by them, or notify to them the name of a person whom he appoints as arbitrator, the Judge shall, on the application of the trustees, appoint a sworn 28o High Schools Act. Sees. 26, 27, sm-veyor to be sole arbitrator for determining the compensation to be paid for the property. See section 78 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi, and remarks thereunder. Responsibility 27. Whcre land is taken by the trustees of trustees as to -' compensation. ^yij-]-jQut thg consent of the owner, the compen- sation to be paid therefor shall stand in the stead of the land ; and after the trustees have taken possession of land any claim to, or in- cumbrance upon the same or any portion thereof, shall as against the trustees, be con- verted into a claim to the compensation or to a proportion thereof, and the trustees shall be responsible accordingly whenever they have paid such compensation or any part thereof to a party not entitled to receive the same, saving always their recourse against such party. See section 79 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. Depositor 28. If the trustees have reason to fear any compensation _ -' tTSs!'^ claims or incumbrance, or if any party to whom the compensation or any part thereof is payable refuses to execute the proper con- veyance, or if the party entitled to claim the same cannot be found or is unknown to the trustees, or if for any other reason the trustees deem it advisable, they may pay the arbitra- tion and other expenses, and deposit the amount of the compensation with the High Court, or in such other manner as the County Judge may direct, with interest thereon for High School Property. 281 six months, and may deliver therewith an ^ecs. 28, 29. authentic copy of the conveyance, or of the agreement or award if there be no conveyance; and such agreement or award shall thereafter be deemed to be the title of the trustees to the land therein mentioned, and shall be a good title thereto against all persons interested in the property in any manner whatever, and shall be registered in the proper registry office on an affidavit of the secretary of the board of trustees verifying the same. See section 80 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. For form of affidavit, see Form 24, Appendix A. Property vested in Trustees. 29. All property heretofore granted, devised »^«^erty?i^^^^ or acquired in any municipality, and vested in'"" any person or persons, or corporation, for High School purposes, or which may hereafter be so granted, devised or acquired, shall be deemed and be taken as having vested ab- solutely in the board of High School trustees and the board shall have full power to con- vey, sell, transfer, or lease such property, upon the adoption of a resolution by the board that such property is no longer required for High School purposes, and the proceeds of such sale, transfer or lease shall be applied for the use of such High School. The buildings and grounds of and attached to every high school are exempt from taxation so long as such buildings and grounds are actually used and occupied by the high school, or if unoccupied, but not if otherwise trustees. 282 High Schools Act. Sees. 29, 30. occupied. (55 Vict., c. 48, s. 7, s-s. 4.) This is not an absolute, Init a (lualified exemption. MUNICIPAL GRANTS FOR MAINTENANCE. Aid to high 30. The municipal council of every county schools from '■ ' -^ coumies. shall on or before the 15th day of December in each year pay for the maintenance of every High School in any town not separated from the county, or in any incorporated village or township within the county, an amount equal to the amount apportioned by the Minister of Education for each of such High Schools. Under The Coftsolidated Municipal Act, the council of any county, city, and town separated from the county for municipal purposes may pass by-laws "for making pro- visions in aid of such high schools as may be deemed expedient." Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, or in The High Schools Act, the county council of any union of counties may pass a by-law for the purpose of apportioning the amount to be levied for high school purposes, so that each county forming such union shall be liable only for the maintenance of the high schools situated within such county. (55 Vict., c. 42, s. 495, s-s. 6.) By Con. Stat. U.C., c. 63, s. 16, the council of each county, city, township, town, or incorporated village was authorized from time to time to levy and collect, by assess- ment, such sum or sums of money as it might deem expedient to purchase the site, or to rent, build, repair, furnish, warm, and keep in order a grammar school house, for providing the salary of the teachers, and all other necessary expenses of such county grammar school. That statute was held to be permissive, not obligatory. (In re Trustees of Weston Grammar School and Counties of York and Feel, 13 C.P. 423.) But now, see above section; /;/ re Trustees Port Rowan High School and the Corporation (f the Township of Walsingham, 23 C.P. 11 ; In re Board of Municipal Grants. 283 Education of Perth and the Corporation of the Totvn of^^cs. 31, 32. Perth, 39 Q.B. 34. 31. ( I ). Where the proportionate cost of the S"fr^m "" . r j_ ■! . TT- 1 county to be maintenance 01 county pupils at any High made. School, exceeds, or is alleged to exceed, the amount of money granted by the county coun- cil under the preceding section, and of the fees received for county pupils, the county shall be liable for a further sum, in the pro- portion as nearly as may be which the average attendance of county pupils enrolled at such High School during the preceding three years bears to the average attendance of all the pupils enrolled at the same school for the same period of three years. In the case of new High Schools the period herein mentioned for which the average attendance is to be reckoned, shall be the number of years for which such school was open, not exceeding three years. (2). Where the trustees of any High School ^'f,'"/^"^"°s$30o- improvements exceeding five hundred dollars shall be raised by assessment on the ratepayers of the municipality or municipalities composing the High School district, on the application of the board of trustees to the municipal council or councils of the district, made on or before the first of August in each year, and in the event of the municipal council, where the High School district is composed of one municipality, or in the event of a majority of the municipalities composing the High School district approving of such application, the municipality within which the High School is situated shall issue debentures therefor in the manner provided for the issue of municipal debentures under the Municipal Act of 1887. An application under this section must be the corporate act of the high school board, not merely the verbal request (however unanimous) of the individuals composing it, and it must specify the purposes for which the money is required. (In re Oakwood High School Board and the Municipal Council of the Township of Mariposa, 16 A.R. 87.) To come within the provisions of this section, an 288 High Schools Act. Sees. 33. 34. application must be an independent application for pur- poses mentioned in the section ; and an application com- bining other purposes with these purposes may be rejected by a simple majority vote. (lb-) muSaf 34. (I). In the case of a High School dis- p?ovide funds. tHct coiTiposed of one municipality, when the council thereof refuses, or when the High School district is composed of two munici- palities, when the council of one municipality refuses,.or when a majority of the municipalities composing the High School district refuse to raise or borrow such sum of money aforesaid by debentures, the said council or councils shall, on the request of the trustees, submit such application to the vote of the munici- pality or municipalities concerned, in the manner provided by The Municipal Act for the creating of debts, and in the event of the assent of a majority of the electors in the High School district qualified to vote upon a by-law for creating debts being thereby obtained, it shall be the duty of the council of the muni- cipaHty in which the High School is situated to raise or borrow such sum. See section 293, et seq., and section 340, et seq., of The Consolidated Municipal Act, i8g2. See also Harrison's Municipal Manual, 5th ed., pp. 220, et seq., and 250, et seq. icquaii/ation of (2). Whcn thc High School district is com- posed of more municipalities than one, the municipal council of each municipality com- posing the district shall pay to the council of the municipality in which the High School is rales. Municipal Grants. 289 situated such proportion of the lonn raised s*^- 34 for High School purposes as the equahzed assessment of each municipahty or part thereof belonging to the High School district, bears to the equalized assessment of the whole district. Provided always that nothing herein contained shall prevent the municipality within which the High School is situated from assuming the full cost of permanent improve- ments, or from undertaking to pay any debentures that may be issued for such pur- pose notwithstanding that such municipality forms only a part of the High School district. (3). The municipal council or councils of any High School district, or a majority of them, may, if deemed expedient, without sub- mitting the same to a vote of the ratepayers of the municipality or municipalities com- prising the district, as required by The Muni- cipal Act, for the creating of debts, pass a by-law or by-laws for the purpose of raising or borrowing money, on the application of the High School board for permanent improve- ments. See ante, p. 255, as to meaning of "permanent improve- ments." (4). Any debenture for any loan of money Term of ' ^ -^ •' debentures. for school purposes may be for such term of years, not exceeding thirty, as the municipal council may think fit, or the municipal council may in its discretion make the principal of 19 290 High Schools Act. Sees. 34, 35- such debt repayable by annual or other instal- ments, in the manner provided by The Mmiicipal Act. See section 1 1 7 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi, and remarks thereunder. Assessments for 35. Thc council of anv countv may raise maintenance or J J J pro^emems™' t)y assessmcut in addition to that required to be raised by this Act, such further sums of money as may be deemed expedient by the council for the maintenance or permanent improvement of any High School. This section was amended by 56 Vict., c. 52, s. 3, by substituting the word "county" in the first h'ne thereof for the word " municipahty " in the Act of 1891, thus extending the scope of this section. See section 2 (3) of this Act. This amendment does not affect any action pending in any Court of this province with respect to any question raised under this Act previous to the amendment coming into force. (56 Vict., c. 52, s. 5.) See ante, p. 256, as to meaning of " maintenance," and p. 255 as to meanmg of "permanent improvements." Where three united counties were formed into five high school districts, it was held that the aid granted to the high schools by the corporation to supplement the Govern- ment grant must be made by an equal rate upon the assess- able property of the united counties, not upon each high school district for the sum apportioned to its schools. (Re Chamberlain and the Corporation of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry, 42 Q.B. 279.) The council of any county" city, and town separated from the town for municipal purposes may pass by-laws " for making a permanent provision for defraying the expenses of the attendance at the University of Toronto, and at the Upper Canada College, in Toronto, of such of Municipal Grants. 291 the pupils of the pubhc high schools of the county as arcSecs. 35. 36, unable to incur the expense, but are desirous of, and, in the opinion of the respective masters of such high schools, possess competent attainments for competing for any scholarship, exhibition, or other similar prize offered by such university or college"; "for making similar provision for the attendance at any high school, for like purposes, of pupils of public schools of the municipality"; and "for endowing such fellowships or exhibitions, and other similar prizes, in the University of Toronto, and in the Upper Canada College, at Toronto, for competition among the pupils of the public high schools in the county, as the council deem expedient for the encouragement of learning amongst the youth thereof." (55 Vict., c. 42, s. 495, s-ss. 7, 8, 9.) 36. (I). All moneys raised under the Pf/-y7\°/^-j[ authority of the Act, shall be paid over to trilTu'rer. the High School treasurer, entitled to receive the same, on or before the 15th day of December in every year. (2). The treasurer of every High School se^^ng'^ be board shall give security to the board appoint- """'""'" ing him for the due and faithful performance of his duties, and shall submit his accounts to the auditors of the municipality in which the High School is situated, whose duty it shall be to audit such accounts in the same way as the municipal treasurer's accounts are audited. It is the duty of the trustees to see that they obtain this security (s. 14, s-s. 6). treasurer. HIGH SCHOOL FEES. 37. (i). County pupils shall pay to the coumy pupiis. treasurer of the High School board such fees 2g2 High Schools Act. Sec. 37. as the municipal council of the county may deem expedient, provided always such fees shall be uniform and shall not exceed one dollar per month. The scale of fees so fixed shall take effect from the beginning of the High School term next ensuing after adoption thereof by the county council, and shall con- tinue in force for three years. Sis!'"'^""' (2). Non-resident pupils shall pay to the treasurer of the High School board such fees as the board of trustees may deem expedient, provided always such fee shall not be greater than the cost of maintenance at such High School, nor less than the fees imposed b}' the council on county pupils. See atite, p. 255, as to who are non-resident pupils. Resident pupils (^j. Rcsidcnt pupils shall pay to the trcasurcr of the High School board such fees as the trustees of the High School may deem ex- pedient. See ante^ p. 254, as to who are resident pupils. (4). The council of any municipality not included in a High School district may pro- .vide by assessment for the payment of any fees imposed by the county council on county pupils or by the board of trustees on non- resident pupils who residein such municipality. Sub-section 4 was added to above section by 56 Vict., c. 52, s. 4. This amendment does not affect any action now pending examination Entrance Examination. 293 in any Court of this province with respect to any question Sees. 37, 38. raised under this Act previous to the 27th day of May, 1893. (56 Vict., c. 52, s. 5.) ENTRANCE EXAMINATION. 38. (i). A uniform entrance examination Kmrance for the admission of pupils to High Schools shall be held annually in every High School district according to such regulations as may be prescribed by the Education Department. Examinations may be held at such other places in every county as shall be recom- mended by the county council of which notice shall be given to the inspector by the county clerk. Such places shall be affiliated for the purposes of the examination with a High School in the same inspectoral division. For regulations affecting the High School Entrance Examination, see D.R., ss. 21 to 27. (2). Every High School district shall be under one board of examiners. The trustees of the Public and Separate Schools of the city, town or incorporated village in which a High School is situated shall on or before the 1st day of June each appoint an examiner, for the purpose of such examination. The in- spector or inspectors of Public Schools of the inspectoral district within which the High School is situated and the principal of the High School shall be ex-officio members of such board. (3). The persons qualified to be appointed 294 High Schools Act. Sec. 38. Examiners' fees. Entrance examination. examiners shall be persons holding certificates as first class teachers actually engaged in teaching, provided always that any person actually engaged in teaching who is the holder of a second class provincial certificate and who has had five years' experience as a teacher may be appointed examiner, where a first class teacher is not available within such High School district. No teacher is eligible as an examiner, who has pupils of his own writing at the Entrance E.xamination. (D.R., s. 21, s-s. I.) (4). The Board of Trustees and the Board of Examiners may agree upon the sum to be paid annually for the examination of such pupils, but in the absence of any agreement, examiners shall be allowed the sum of one dollar per pupil for conducting such examina- tion and this allowance shall include the travelling expenses of the examiners, presid- ing at the examination reading and valuing the papers of candidates and reporting the results to the Education Department. (5). The Board of Education or the trustees of the High School district within which the examination is held shall on the requisition of the chairman of the board of examiners pay all the expenses of the examination at such High School, and such expenses shall be deemed to be part of the cost of mainten- ance of such High School. At affiliated schools the travelling and other expenses of Entran'ce Examination. 295 the presiding examiner shall be paid by the ^^^- 38- county council. The form of requisition (No. 52) used under section 145 (3) of T/ie Public Schools Act, i8gi, may be adopted. (6). Any pupil passing the entrance ex- Pupiis passing amination may be admitted to a High School «''^"»"^''°°- provisionally, but it shall be competent for the Minister of Education to consider the appeal of any candidate with regard to the reading and valuation of his papers or on the report of the High School inspectors, to confirm, or disallow the admission of any pupil, or to require of any pupil further tests of proficiency in any of the prescribed subjects of examina- tion. As to the claim of a candidate to have his papers re- read, see D.R., s. 27, s-ss. 5, 6. (7). County pupils whose examination has Rights of pupiis. been confirmed by the Minister of Education shall have the right to attend any High School aided by the council of the county in which their parents or guardians reside. Resident pupils shall have the right to attend the High School of the district in which their parents or guardians reside. Non-resident pupils may attend any High School at the discretion of the trustees of such school. Pupils can be deprived of their right to attend school imder the provisions of section 17 of the Act respecting Vaccination and Inoculation, R.S.O., 1887, c. 206, on failing to produce certificates of successful vaccination, or 296 High Schools Act. Sees. 38, 39. of insusceptibility on re-vaccination within seven years, when required to do so by the medical health ofificer of the municipality in which the high school they are attending is situate, and also by action taken under section 94 of The Fublic Health Act, R.S.O., 1887, c. 205, owing to their suffering from a contagious disease. (See ante, pp. 146, 185, and 272.) Principals of high schools. Assistant teachers. Teachers HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS. 39. (i). No person shall be appointed principal of a High School unless he is a graduate in Arts of some University within the British Dominions, and furnishes satis- factory evidence to the Minister of Education of his knowledge of the science and art of teaching, and of the management and dis- cipline of schools ; but any person legally qualified and employed as principal in any High School before the twenty-fourth day of March, 1874, shall be deemed qualified not- withstanding this section. No master or teacher in a high school can hold the office of trustee. (54 Vict., c. 55, s. 189.) See also D.R., s. 72(1). (2). No person shall be appointed assistant teacher in any High School who does not possess the qualifications required by the Education Department. (3). Every teacher of a High School shall, in the organization, discipline, management and classification of the pupils be subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the Education Department. Agreements. 297 (4). The provisions of The Public Schools Secs^g, 40. Act^ respecting superannuation shall apply to [jo^^'"'"""^' teachers of High Schools. See sections 162 to 171 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. AGREEMENTS. 40. (i). Every teacher of a High School ^Sys"""^ who enters into an agreement with any board of trustees for one year and who serves under such agreement for three months or over shall be entitled to be paid his salary for the authorized holidays occurring during the period of such service, and also for all other holidays in the calendar year in the proportion which the number of days during which he has taught in the calendar year bears to the whole number of teaching days in such year. This section is somewhat similar to section 135 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, q.v.; ante, p. 190. (2). Every teacher shall be entitled to his sickness, salary during sickness, certified by a physician, for a period not exceeding four weeks for the entire year ; this period may be increased at the pleasure of the trustees. See section 136 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. (3). Any teacher who enters into an agree- Neglect of duty, ment with a board of trustees as teacher, and who wilfully neglects or refuses to carry out such agreement shall, on the complaint of any 298 High Schools Act. Sees. 41. 42. board of trustees, be liable to the suspension of his certificate by the Education Department. See section 133 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. Yox form of request by trustees to inspector to suspend a teacher's certificate, see Fof't?i 48, Appendix A. Disputes be- tween teachers and trustees. Enforcing judgment. Duration of acaiiemic year. 41. (i). All matters of difference between trustees and teachers of High Schools in regard to salary or other remuneration, shall be decided in the Division Court, by the Judge of the County Court, in each county : pro- vided always, that the decision of any County Judge in such cases may be appealed from, as provided for in The Public Schools Act. As to appeals from Division Court decisions, see sec- tions 179 to 183 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. (2). In pursuance of a judgment or decision given by a County Judge in a Division Court, under the authority of this section, and not appealed from, execution may issue from time to time to recover what may be due of the amount which the Judge may have decided the plaintiff entitled to, in like manner as on a judgment recovered in a Division Court for a debt, together with all fees and expenses in- cidental to the issuing thereof and levy there- under. TERMS. 42. The academic year of every High School shall consist of three terms ; the first shall begin on the last Monday of August and Terms. 299 end on the twenty-second day of December ; ^ecs. 42, 43, the second term shall l)e<^nn on the third day of January and end on the Thursday before Easter Sunday ; the third term shall begin on the second Monday after Easter Sunday, and end on the thirtieth day of June. Every Saturday, every public holiday and every day proclaimed a holiday by the council of the municipality in which the High School is situated shall be a holiday in such High School. LEGISLATIVE GRANT. 43. Any sum of money appropriated by the o/'?^°egi'°iaave' Legislative Assembly for High School pur-^""'" poses shall be apportioned by the Minister of Education on the basis of salaries paid to the teachers, the character and equipment of the school buildings and appendages, and the average attendance of pupils, according to the regulations of the Education Department, and all moneys so apportioned shall be pay- able half-yearly to the treasurer of each High School board in such manner as may be deter- mined by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, and notice of such apportionment shall be given to the county clerk. As to the basis upon which the Legislative grant is distributed, see section 15 of the Departmental Regulations. 44. No High School which is not conducted schools duen- G> titled to sharing according to this Act, and the regulations i;;„';i^''''='^°°' prescribed by the Education Department, 300 High Schools Act. Sees. 44, 45, shall be entitled to receive any part of the High School fund. miiha'y"^- 45. It shall bc lawful for the Lieutenant- instruction. --, • r^ •^ . -i Governor in Council to prescribe a course of elementary military instruction for High School pupils, and to appropriate out of any money granted for the purpose a sum not exceeding $50 per annum to any school employing a competent drill instructor, and in which school a class of not less than twenty- five pupils has been taught for a period of at least six months. Such classes and instruc- tion shall be subject to such inspection and oversio'ht as the Lieutenant-Governor in O Council may direct. Jomractlngwiih 46. No High School trustee shall enter into any contract agreement, engagement or promise of any kind, either in his own name, or in the name of another, and either alone or jointly with another, or in which he has any pecuniary interest, profit, or promised or ex- pected benefit, with the corporation of which he is a member, or have any pecuniary claim upon or receive compensation from such cor- poration for any work, engagement, employ- ment, or duty on behalf of such corporation, and every such contract, agreement, engage- ment or promise shall be null and void, and such trustee shall also ipso facto vacate his seat, and a majority of the other trustees shall declare the same vacant forthwith, and notify Prohibitions and Penalties. 301 the clerk of the municipahty, or board of Secs.^46. 47. trustees having authority to appoint such trustee accordingly. See section 191 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. 47. If a trustee of any High School is con- ^hen seat on victed of any felony or misdemeanor, or''^^'^""'^^^^"' becomes insane, or absents himself from the meetings of the board for three consecutive months, without being authorized by resolu- tion entered upon its minutes, or ceases to be a resident within the county or municipality for which he is a trustee, such trustee shall ipso f ado vacate his seat, and the remaining trustees shall declare his seat vacant forth- with, and notify the clerk of the county or municipality or board of trustees having authority to appoint such trustee accordingly. See section 190 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, and remarks thereunder. 48. Any person who wilfully interrupts or Disturbing disquiets any High School established and conducted under the authority of this Act, by rude or indecent behaviour, or by making a noise either within the place where such school is kept or held, or so near thereto as to disturb the order or exercises of the High School shall, for each offence, on conviction thereof before a Police Magistrate or Justice of the Peace, on the affidavit of one credible witness, forfeit and pay for High School purposes to 302 High Schools Act. Sees. 48, 49. the trustees of the High School district within which the offence was committed, such sum not exceeding ^20 together with the costs of conviction, as the said PoHce Magistrate or Justice may think fit. See section 193 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. Text-books, AUTHORIZED BOOKS. 49. No teacher shall use or permit to be used as text books any books in a High School, except such as are authorized by the Educa- tion Department, and no portion of the Legis- lative or municipal grant shall be paid to any High School in which unauthorized books are used. See section 174 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi, and remarks thereunder. hllv.%^ °^ '"'" 50. Any authorized text book in actual use in any High School may be changed by the teacher of such school for any other authorized text book in the same subject on the written approval of the trustees, provided always such change is made at the beginning of a school term, and at least six months after such approval has been given. Teachers sub- 51, In casc any teacher or other person Sooki"^ shall negligently or wilfully substitute any unauthorized text book in place of any authorized text book in actual use upon the same subject in his school, he shall for each such offence, on conviction thereof before a Text-Books. 303 Police Magistrate or Justice of the Peace, as^ecs. 51,52. the case may be, be Hable to a penalty not exceeding $10, payable to the municipality for High School purposes, together with costs, as the Police Magistrate or Justice may think fit. This section is similar to section 176 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. 52. Chapter 226 of the Revised Statutes offaoTs^i'v.'.'c.'a? Ontario, 1887, chapter 37 of the Acts passed repealed. ' in the fifty-first year of Her Majesty's reign, and chapter 72 of the Acts passed in the fifty- third year of the said reign are repealed. .^^^j^ftg^^^ Sec. I. AN ACT TO AMEND AND EXPLAIN CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THE SCHOOL LAWS. ^^ Victoria^ Chapter 60. ^Assented to 14th April., i8g2. Preamble. A ^7" HERE AS a portion of section 123 ot ' ' The Public Schools Act of i8y8 was unintentionally repealed by The Public Schools Act, i8gi ; and whereas it is desirable to make clear the meaning of section 109 of The Public Schools Act., 1891 j and in other respects amend the school laws. Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly enacts as follows : — s in part ^"23^re-enacted !• Thc following words, forming part of section 123 of chapter 225 of the Revised Statutes of 1887, repealed by The Public Schools Act, ^8gi, are hereby re-enacted: — " Where the Public School rate and the " Separate School rate are not the same, if " the owner is compelled to pay a school rate Amending Acts. 305 " in consequence of the default of the tenant s^^^- '-2, 3. " to pay the same, he shall only be liable to " pay the amount of the school rate of the " schools to which in virtue of his right in " this behalf he directed his money to be " paid." 2. To remove doubts, section log of 7'/^gJ'/«*"'"e°f5' ' ^ v., c. 55, s. 109. Public Schools Acl, i) The plaster for the blackboard should be composed largely of plaster of Paris. (c) Before and after having received the first coat of color, it should be thoroughly polished with fine sand paper. (d) The coloring matter should be laid on with a wide, flat varnish brush. (e) The liquid coloring should be made as follows : — Dissolve gum shellac in alcohol, four ounces to the quart ; the alcohol should be 95 per cent, strong ; the dissolving process will require at least twelve hours. Fine emery flour, with enough chrome green or lampblack to give color, should then be added until the mixture has the consistency of thin paint. It may then be applied in long, even strokes, up and down, the liquid being kept constantly stirred. See remarks under next sub-section. (8). Every school should have at least one globe not less than nine inches in diameter, properly mounted ; a map of Canada ; a map of Ontario ; maps of the World and of the different Continents ; one or more sets of Tablet lessons of Part I. of the First Reader ; a standard Dictionary and Gazetteer; a numeral frame; a suitable supply of crayons and blackboard brushes ; and an eight-day clock. It is the duty of the trustees to provide the articles above-mentioned. See sections 40 (6) and 107 (4) of 77ic' Public Schools Act, i8gi, ante, pp. 58 and 146. 3i6 School Hours. School Hours. 4. (i). In rural schools the hours shall be from nine o'clock in the forenoon till four o'clock in the afternoon, but the trustees by resolution may, for the purpose of affording facilities for rehgious instruction or for any other proper purpose, prescribe a shorter period. In Kindergartens the time at school shall not exceed three hours per day. The hours in kindergarten schools should also be fixed by resolution of the beard of trustees. (2). There shall be a recess of not less than ten minutes each forenoon and afternoon, and at least one hour shall be allowed for recreation during the middle of the school day. (3). In cities, towns, and incorporated villages the trustees may, by resolution, order that any Public School under their charge shall be opened at half-past nine in the forenoon, and close at half-past three in the afternoon, with a recess from twelve till half-past one. Duties of Pupils. 5. The following are the duties of pupils in Public Schools: (i). Every pupil whose name is entered on the register of a Public School shall attend punctually and regularly every day of the school term in which his name is so entered ; he shall be neat and cleanly in his person and habits, and diligent, truthful, honest, kind, courteous, respectful and obedient, and shall conform to all the rules of the school. (2). Every pupil shall be present at the time prescribed for opening the school in the forenoon and afternoon. (3). Any pupil absenting himself from school, except on account of sickness, shall be liable to such punishment as the teacher may lawfully inflict, (4). No pupil shall be allowed to leave school before the hour appointed for closing, except in cases of sickness, or at the request, either oral or written, of the parent or guardian. Duties of Pupils. 317 (5). Any pupil once admitted to school, and duly registered, shall continue in attendance regularly until he is withdrawn by notice to the teacher to that effect. (6). Any pupil guilty of any of the following offences, namely : — (a) persistent truancy ; (6) violent opposition to authority ; (c) the repetition of any offence after being warned; (d) habitual and wnlful neglect of duty; (e) the use of profane or improper language ; (/) cutting, marring, destroying, or defacing any part of the school property ; (g) writing any obscene words on the fences, water-closets, or any part of the school premises; (h) general bad conduct, injurious to the moral tone of the school; maybe suspended by the teacher for one month, or until such suspension is removed on assur- ance of better conduct, or by order of the Board of Trustees. (7). Whenever a teacher suspends a pupil for any of the causes herein named, he shall at once notify his parents or guardians, and the Board of Trustees, stating the reasons for such suspension. (8). The parent or guardian of any pupil suspended may appeal to the Board of Trustees against the action of the teacher, and the decision of the Trustees shall be final. (9). Any pupil who shall be judged so refractory by the Board of Trustees, and by the teacher, that his presence in the school is injurious to the other pupils may be expelled ; and no such pupil shall be readmitted to any school without the written consent of the Public School Inspector. As to the powers of trustees to dismiss refractory pupils, see sections 40 (5) and 107(6) of TAe Public Schools Act, i8gr, ante, pp. 57 and 148. (10). Pupils in cities, towns, and incorporated villages shall attend such school as may be designated by the trustees, and no transfer from one school to another shall be allowed without their consent. (11). No pupil who is affected with or exposed to any con- tagious disease shall be permitted to attend school until he 3iS Duties of Pupils. produces the certificate of a medical man that there are no sanitary objections to his readmission. The health of the pupils is a matter coming within the purview of The Public Health Act, and it is the duty of the teacher to take the steps provided by that Act and by section 130(11) of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, to prevent the spread of infectious disease. See ante, p. 185, et seq. (12). Any pupil absenting himself from an examination, or from any portion thereof, without permission of the teacher, shall not be admitted to any Public School, except by authority of the Inspector, in writing. (13). Pupils shall be responsible to the teacher for their conduct on the school premises, and in going to or returning from school, except when accompanied by their parents or guardians, or by some person appointed by them or on their behalf. We have seen— a«/^, p. 181, etseq.—\h.zX a teacher has delegated to him from the father or other lawful guardian of his pupil so much of the parental authority as is necessary to control the pupil and enforce the rules and discipline of the school, and to this extent, and until such authority is revoked, stands in loco parentis, and has the power of a parent to compel obedience to all reasonable commands by chastisement, if necessary, provided such chastisement is reasonable and moderate. The teacher has not, however, the same right to punish a pupil which a parent has to punish his child. lie has no general right to punish for all offences, as a parent has. His right is restricted to the limits of his jurisdiction and responsibility as a schoolmaster. He may exact, within these limits, obedience to all reasonable com- mands, and may, in his discretion, inflict corporal punishment for disobedience to such commands. The punishment should not be excessive or cruel, and should bear some proportion to the gravity of the fault. It should be also graduated according to the age, strength, and mental condition of the pupil. ( Vanvacter v. State, 3 Amer. St. R. 645 ; K. v. Griffin, 11 Cox, 402.) See ante, p. 182, as to what is unlawful punishment. (14). No pupil shall be allowed to remain in school unless he is furnished with the books and other requisites to be used by him in school, but it shall be lawful for the Board of Trustees to supply him with such books and other requisites. (15)., No pupil shall have the right to attend school unless and until he has paid all the fees imposed by the Board of Trustees for the current month or quarter, as the case may be Duties of Ti:achers. 319 for such books, stationery, and other supphes as are authori;^cd under The Public ScJwols Act. (16). Any school property or furniture injured or destroyed by a pupil shall be made good forthwith by the parent or guardian, under penalty of the suspension of the delinquent. (17). Every pupil entitled thereto shall, on application, when he leaves or removes from a school, receive from the Principal a certificate of good conduct and standing. Duties of Teachers. 6. (i). In every Public School in which more teachers than one are employed, the head teacher shall be called the Prin- cipal, and the other teachers, Assistants. (2). The Principal shall prescribe, with the concurrence of the Board of Trustees, the duties of the assistants, and shall be responsible for the organization and discipline of the whole school. He should consult the Inspector, when deemed necessary, with regard to a time-table, the Course of Study, or any other matter affecting the organization of the school. 7. In addition to the duties prescribed by the School Act, the following shall be the duties of every teacher in a Public School : — (i). To see that the schoolhouse is ready for the reception of pupils at least fifteen minutes before the time prescribed for opening the school in the morning, and five minutes before the time for opening in the afternoon. (2). To classify his pupils strictly according to the programme of studies prescribed by the Education Department, and to make no departure from such classification without the consent of the Board of Trustees and the Inspector. (3). To prepare a time-table to be posted in some conspicu- ous part of the room for the guidance of himself and his pupils. (4). To prevent the use by pupils of unauthorized text-books. Should the teacher not perform his duty in this respect, his school will not be ■entitled to share in the legislative grant. A)i(e, p. 220. 320 Duties of Teachers. (5). To make at the end of each school term, or at such other time as may be approved by the Inspector, and subject to revision by him, such promotions from one class to another as he may deem expedient. (6). To practise such discipline in his school as would be exercised by a kind, firm, and judicious parent; to reprove his pupils with tenderness and becoming deliberation, and to aim at governing them through their affections and reason rather than by force ; to encourage his pupils to entertain kindly feelings toward one another, to respect each other's rights, to be polite in and out of school, to form habits of honesty and truthfulness, to obey all persons in authority over them, to cultivate a patriotic interest in their country, and to discountenance quarrelling, cruelty to animals, and the use of profane and other improper language. See remarks under section 5(13), supra. (7). To give Strict attention to the proper ventilation and cleanliness of the schoolhouse ; to make and enforce such rules as will ensure the keeping of the school grounds and cut- buildings in a neat and cleanly condition. (8). To see that the school grounds, sheds, and water-closets are kept in proper order ; that no damage is done to the furniture, fences, outbuildings, or other school property ; to give notice in writing to the Trustees of any necessary repairs or supplies. (g). To employ, unless otherwise provided for, at such com- pensation as may be fixed by the Board of Trustees, a suitable person to make fires, sweep .the rooms, dust the walls, seats, desks, and other furniture ; but no teacher or pupil shall be required to perform such duty unless regularly employed for that purpose as herein provided. (10). To make up all returns to the Inspector or the Educa- tion Department, as far as the information required can be supplied from the school register ; and to furnish such other information affecting the interests of his school as may, from Duties of Teachers. 321 time to time, be required by the Education Department or the Inspector. (11). To attend regularly the Teachers' Institutes held in his county, and to contribute from his experience and observation to their general usefulness. (12). To give immediate notice to the Trustees and Inspector of his absence from school through illness or other unavoidable cause. (13). To conduct every exercise and recitation from the text-books prescribed for Public Schools in the English language. All communication between teacher and pupil in regard to matters of discipline and in the management of the school shall be in English, except so far as this is impracticable by reason of the pupil not understanding English. Recitations in French or German may be conducted in the language of the text-book. (14). To take up no collections or subscriptions from the pupils; to make no announcements, nor distribute bills or advertisements, except for school purposes, without the con- sent of the Board of Trustees. (15). To receive no presents from the pupils, except when severing his connection with the school; nor to give any medal or prize to any pupil without the consent of the Board of Trustees. (16). To avoid making up lost time by teaching on a holiday or during vacations. Any attendance during such time shall be disallowed by the Inspector. Course of Study. 8. (i). The Course of Study for Public Schools shall be taken up in five forms, as set forth below, and shall be followed by the teacher as far as the circumstances of his school will admit. Any modifications deemed necessary shall be made only with the concurrence of the Inspector and the Board of Trustees. 322 Course of Study. (2). In school sections where the French or the German language prevails, the Trustees, with the approval of the Inspector, may, in addition to the course of study prescribed for Public Schools, require instruction to be given in Reading, Grammar, and Composition to such pupils as are directed by their parents or guardians to study either of these languages, and in all such cases the authorized text-books in French or German shall be used. But nothing herein contained shall be construed to mean that any of the text-books prescribed for Public Schools shall be set aside because of the use of the authorized text-books in French and German. (3). The Trustees of any rural school may by resolution, passed at a regular meeting of the board, require the authorized text-book in Agriculture to be used in the Fourth and Fifth forms of the school, and in such cases the Inspector shall report to the Trustees at least annually the standing of the pupils in this subject. The extent of the course in each form shall be determined by the teacher, subject to the approval of the Inspector. (4). The course for the High School Primary Examination, with the Science option, may be taken up in any Public School, with the consent of the Board of Trustees and the Public School Inspector. Form I. Reading. — The use of the Tablets and Parts I. and II. of the First Reader. Spelling and Writing. — From reading lessons, on slates and orally, writing from blackboard copies — simple letters and words. Geography. — Conversations respecting the earth ; explana- tion of any references to places that occur in the reading lessons. Grammar and Composition. — Oral exercises in language, cor- rection of common mistakes in conversation. Course of Study. 323 Arithmetic. — Notation and numeration to 1,000; addition and subtraction ; mental arithmetic. Drawing. — The exercises in First Reader and blackboard exercises. Form II. Reading. — The Second Reader; easy questions in the literature of every lesson. Spelling and Writi^tg. — Oral spelling, and dictation on slates and paper ; writing on slates ; blackboard exercises ; copy- books in senior divisions. Geography. — Local geography and elementary definitions ; map of the world. Grammar and Composition. — Oral and written exercises in language ; correction of common mistakes in conversation. Arithmetic. — Notation and numeration to 1,000,000; multi- plication and division ; mental arithmetic. Physiology and Temperance. — Conversations on temperance, the use of alcoholic stimulants, and the laws of health. Drawing. — Authorized Drawing Course, Nos. i and 2. Form III. Reading. — The Third Reader ; literature of every lesson. Spelling and Writing. — Course in Form II. continued; copy writing ; business forms. Geography. — Definitions; simple Map geography; North America and Ontario ; map drawing. Grammar and Composition. — Classes of words and their inflections ; simple descriptive writing and letter writing. History. — Conversations on British and Canadian History. Arithmetic. — Bills and accounts; elementary reduction; compound rules ; mental arithmetic. Physiology and Temperance. — Conversations on temperance ; 324 Course of Study. the physical effects of intoxicating^ liquors ; importance of exercise, etc. Drawing. — Authorized Drawing Course, Nos. 3 and 4. Form IV. Reading. — The Fourth Reader ; the literature of every lesson. Spelling and Writing. — Systematic orthography and orthoepy; business forms and single entry, without a text-book. Geography. — Geography of the continents, Canada and Ontario ; map drawing. Grammar and Composition. — Elements of formal grammar and composition. Descriptive, narrative, and letter writing. History. — Leading events in Canadian History. Oral teach- ing of British History. Arithmetic. — Review of elementary work, multiples, fractions, percentage, interest, mental arithmetic. Physiology and Temperance. — Digestion, respiration, the cir- culation of the blood, and the nervous system. The effects of alcohol and narcotics. Exercise ; cleanliness. Drawing. — Authorized Drawing Book No. 5. Writing. — Authorized copy book No. 6. Form V. Reading. — A general knowledge of the principles of orthoepy and of elocution ; reading, spelling, and syllabication. Grammar and Composition. — Etymology and syntax ; exer- cises chiefly on passages from prose authors not prescribed ; themes on familiar subjects; familiar and business letters. English Poetical Literature. — Intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the prescribed selections ; memorization of the finest passages ; oral reading of the selections. History and Geography. — The leading events of British His- tory — the nineteenth century more particularly. Commercial Course of Study. 325 and physical geography. Geography of Canada and the British Empire more particularly. Arithmetic and Elementary Mensuration. — Arithmetic in theory and practice ; special attention to commercial problems ; in- surance, simple and compound interest ; averaging accounts ; discount, stock, bonds and partnership ; area of rectilinear figures. Algebra. — Elementary rules ; fractions ; simple equations of one unknown quantity ; simple problems. Euclid. — Book I., propositions 1-26; easy deductions. Commercial Course. — Writing ; bookkeeping, single entry ; commercial forms ; general business transactions. Drawing. — Drawing Book No. 6. Physiology and Temperance. — The course in the Fourth form continued, and including also the other subjects in the text- book. Agriculture. — The course to be determined by the teacher, subject to the approval of the Inspector. Physics and Botany. — The courses in these subjects may be determined by the teacher, subject to the approval of the Inspector. They should be mainly experimental and practical, and without the use of a text-book. SPECIAL DIRECTIONS. First Three Forms. Reading and Literature. — The First Part of the First Reader should be taught from the blackboard and the Tablet Lessons. The pupil should practise reading by phrases with the first lessons, and such explanations should be given as would enable him to read intelligently, and in the easy natural manner which characterizes good conversation. Clearness, fluency, force, and naturalness are essential to good reading. Pupils in every form should be required regularly to commit to memory selected passages in prose and verse, to give the meaning 326 Special Directions. of what they read, and to make, from time to time, a summary of the reading lessons in their own language. Geography. — The schoolhouse and its surroundings, with which the pupils are familiar, should be taken as the first sub- ject of lessons to give correct ideas of boundary and direction. Map drawing should be practised from the beginning. Defini- tions in Physical Geography should be fully illustrated in all cases by blackboard drawings or otherwise. The teacher should teach this subject in the First and Second forms by means of familiar talks about the natural phenomena of different countries, the peculiarities of different races, the birds and animal of different zones, etc. Grammar and Composition. — Grammar should be taught at first mainly as the basis of composition. The essential parts of the simple sentence, the functions and definitions of the parts of speech, and the rules for inflection should be arrived at by induction. Pupils should be practised in sentence-build- ing and the correction of common mistakes in English. Every school exercise, whether oral or written, should, as far as pos- sible, be made an exercise in composition. The teacher should use especial care in requiring good English from his pupils in all their answers in class or in conversation. History. — The principal events in Canadian history, with their bearing upon the progress of Canada, should be discussed. Care should be taken to explain thoroughly our Municipal and Federal forms of Government, and the principal events of British history, without unnecessary details or unimportant dates. A comprehension of leading facts and general principles is more valuable than the most accurate knowledge of details, if unaccompanied by ability to distinguish what is important from what is not. Throughout the course the teacher should bear in mind the interesting and valuable lessons that may be deduced from the lives of the men and women who have played a prominent part in history. Arithmetic.—Sys\.exr\7iLi\c training in mental arithmetic should Special Directions. 327 prevail in all the classes. Accuracy and expertness in performing elementary operations are of the first importance. Problems based on the elementary rules should be given from the commencement. Great stress should be laid on the solution of questions by the Analytic Method. Writing. — Neat and legible writing and the proper formation of the small and capital letters should be aimed at. Drawing. — The drawing exercises in Parts I. and II. of the First Reader and the authorized Drawing Book should be used. Pupils should be encouraged to expand these exercises into original designs. r Fourth Form. Reading. — A general knowledge of the elements of vocal expression, with special reference to emphasis, inflection, and pause. The reading, with proper expression, of any selection in the Fourth Reader. The pupil should be taught to read intelligently as well as intelligibl}^ Literature. — The object of the study is to secure the pupil's intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the lessons in the reader. To this end, he should be taught to give for words or phrases meanings which may be substituted therefor, without impairing the sense of the passage ; to illustrate and show the appropriateness of important words or phrases ; to distinguish between synonyms in common use ; to paraphrase difficult passages so as to show the meaning clearly ; to show the connections of the thoughts in any selected passage ; to explain allusions ; to write explanatory or descriptive notes on proper or other names ; to show that he has studied the lessons thoughtfully by being able to give an intelligent opinion on any subject treated of therein that comes within the range of his experience or comprehension ; and especially to show that he has entered into the spirit of the passage by being able to read it with proper expression. He should be required to memorize passages of special beauty from the selections pre- scribed, and to reproduce in his own words the substance of 328 Special Directions. any of these selections, or of any part thereof. He should also obtain some knowledge of the authors from whose works these selections have been made. Orthography and Orthoepy. — The pronunciation, the syllabica- tion, and the spelling from dictation of words in common use. The correction of words improperly spelt or pronounced. The distinction between words in common use in regard to spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. Writing, — Besides writing the regular copy-book exercises, the pupil should be taught letter writing, simply business forms, and how to keep simple accounts by single entry. Geography. — The form and the motions of the earth. The definitions as contained in the authorized text-book ; divisions of land and water ; circles of the globe ; political divisions ; natural phenomena. Maps of America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Maps of Canada and Ontario, including the railway systems. The products and the commercial relations of Canada. Grammar. — The sentence ; its different forms. Words ; their chief classes and inflections. Different grammatical values of the same word. The meanings of the chief gram- matical terms. The grammatical values of phrases and of clauses. The government, the agreement, and the arrangement of words. The correction, with reasons therefor, of wrong forms of words and of false syntax. The parsing and analysis of simple sentences. Composition. — The nature and construction of different kinds of sentences. The combination of separate statements into sentences. The nature and the construction of paragraphs. The combination of separate statements into paragraphs. Variety of expression, with the following classes of exercises : changing the voice of the verb ; expanding a word or a phrase into a clause ; contracting a clause into a word or a phrase ; changing from direct to indirect narration, or the converse ; transposition ; changing the form of a sentence ; Special Directions. 329 expansion of given heads or hints into a composition ; the contraction of passages ; paraphrasing prose ; the elements of punctuation. Short narratives or descriptions, and famihar letters, to which most attention should be given. History. — The outlines of Canadian history generally, with particular attention to the events subsequent to 1841. The municipal institutions of Ontario, and the Federal form of the Dominion Government. The outlines of British history shall also be taught without a text-book ; but there will be no questions in British history at the High School Entrance Examination. Every Form. Physiology and Temperance. — In addition to the study of this subject as prescribed for the Fourth and Fifth forms, at least one hour per week shall be devoted to familiar conversations with the whole school on the effect of alcoholic stimulants and of narcotics upon the human system. Attention should also be called to the degrading tendencies of their habitual use, and their injury to the individual and society generally. Teachers are also required to make suitable comments upon the Act respecting the use of Tobacco by Minors, the text of which is in this Appendix, two or three times each school term, so that it may be brought more prominently to the notice of both scholars and parents, and thus become more effective in accomplishing the good aimed at. Music. — The Kindergarten songs shall be taught in the First form. Rote-singing; musical notation in the other forms. The study of music should be treated as a matter of primary importance. Drill and Calisthenics. — The different extension movements prescribed in the authorized text-book on the subject should be frequently practised, not only during recess, but during school hours. In addition, the boys should be formed into companies and taught the usual squad and company drill, and the girls should be exercised in calisthenics. Accuracy and promptness should characterize every movement. 330 Leaving Examination. Moral and Religious Instruction. — No course of moral iustruc- tion is prescribed. The teacher shall, however, by his personal example and by instruction as well as by the exercise of his authority, imbue every pupil with respect for those moral obligations which underlie a well-formed character. Respect for those in authority and for the aged, courtesy, manliness, reverence, temperance, truthfulness, honesty, etc., can best be inculcated as the occasion arises for referring to them. The religious exercises of the school should be conducted without haste and with the utmost reverence and decorum. Trustees and teachers will be guided as to the nature and extent of religious instruction by the Regulations on this subject. See ante, p. 24, and s. 81 of these Regulations as to religious instruction. Reviews and Recitations. — Every Friday forenoon should be devoted to a review of the week's work, and the afternoon to exercises tending to relieve the usual routine of the school- room, while promoting the mental and moral culture of the pupils. The teacher should encourage the pupils to prepare dialogues, readings, recitations and songs for the Friday after- noon school sessions. He should also choose some topic for a familiar lecture or for discussion, or read some literary selections, making such comments as are likely to promote a love of reading and quicken the interest of the scholars in the work of the school. Familiar illustrations in Elementary Science should be given. The girls should receive suitable instruction in plain sewing. Public School Leaving Examination. General. 9. (i). There shall be a uniform Public School Leaving Examination to be held at the same time and places and by the same Board of Examiners as the High School Entrance Examination. See ante, p. 200. (2). Candidates who propose writing at the Leaving Exami- Leaving Examination. 331 nation shall notify the Inspector, at the same time as when notices are sent with respect to the Entrance Examination. (3). The provisions of the Regulations and The High Schools Act, 1891, respecting the High School Entrance Examinations shall apply to the Public School Leaving Examinations, mutatis mutandis. See ante, p. 293. (4). The Public School Leaving Examination shall be based on the subjects prescribed for the Fifth form of the Public Schools. See ante, p. 324. (5). Each candidate shall submit for examination his school work in bookkeeping and commercial transactions, to the extent of one set at least of ten foolscap pages or the equivalent thereof, comprising the necessary books of original entry with cash book, journal, ledger and bill book. The set shall be specially suitable for farmers and artisans, or for retail merchants and general traders. Three accounts shall be made from the set in proper form and submitted to the examiners. The candidates shall also submit at least two examples of each kind of commer- cial forms and correspondence pertaining to the set. A descrip- tive index shall accompany the set, and the transactions in a set worked out in a school shall be different from year to year. (6). It is recommended that candidates for the Public School Leaving Examination, who intend to enter a High School shall, before doing so, pass also the High School Primary Examination in Reading, Drawing, and the Commercial Course. (7). In Drawing, candidates will submit Book No. 6 of the Drawing course prescribed for Form V., which book may be substituted for one of the Drawing books, prescribed for the High School Primary Examination in Drawing, Reading, etc., in the case of candidates prepared at Public Schools for both this examination and the Public School Leaving Exammation. Such book and the work submitted in Bookkeeping shall be 332 Leaving Examination. certified by the candidate's teacher or teachers as being the work of the candidate. (8). At the examination in Composition candidates will be required to write an essay or a letter about sixty lines in length, (9). The paper on Literature will be based partly on " Sight work," and partly on one or more passages from prescribed selections. Values of Subjects. (10). In reading the papers the Examiners shall be guided by the following schedule of marks and instructions : — Arithmetic and Mensuration 200 Euclid and Algebra 150 English Grammar 150 English Poetical Literature 150 English Composition (Essay or Letter) 100 History 100 Geography 100 Bookkeeping and Penmanship 100 Physiology and Temperance 75 Drawing 50 Reading 50 (11). Of the marks for Bookkeeping and Drawing, one-half will be assigned to the paper on the subject and the other half may be awarded by the examiners as the result of the inspec- tion of the candidate's works submitted in Bookkeeping and Drawing. Reports, Certificates, and Appeals. 10. (i). Any candidate who obtains one-third of the marks in each subject, and one-half of the aggregate shall be reported by the Board of Examiners as having passed the Examination for a Public School Leaving Certificate. Only those who fail to reach the standard prescribed in some subject, but who have made considerably more than the aggregate marks required Leaving Examination. 333 should be recommended to the favorable consideration of the Minister of Education. (2). Candidates who pass the Public School Leaving Examination shall be entitled to admission into the classes in Form IL of a High School, in the subjects of the Public School Leaving Examination. (3). Candidates who fail at the Public School Leaving Examination but who obtain 25 per cent, of the maximum of marks for each subject thereat, may, on the recommendation of the Board of Examiners, be awarded a High School Entrance certificate. (4). The names of candidates passed or recommended shall not be published until after the decision of the Minister has been received. (5). The report of the Examiners, together with the answer papers of the candidates, shall be transmitted by the Inspector to the Education Department (charges prepaid), on or before the 2oth of July in each year. The Drawing book and Book- keeping sets shall be returned to the candidates at the close of examination. (6). Candidates may claim to have their papers re-read and their Drawing books and Bookkeeping sets re-examined upon the following conditions : — (a) The appeal or claim must be in the hands of the Minister of Education on or before the 15th of August, and the ground of the appeal must be specifically stated. The Exami- ners shall dispose of all appeals without delay, and no appeal shall subsequently be entertained on any ground whatever. (b) A deposit of $2 must be made with the Department, which deposit will be returned to the candidate if his appeal or claim is sustained. (6). Commencement exercises shall be held in each Public School at a suitable time- during the autumn of the year, at 334 Night Schools. which diplomas, medals, or certificates may be presented to the successful candidates. TIME-TABLE. First Day. A.M. 8.45 Readinj^ Regulations. g. 00-11. 00 English Grammar. 1 1. 10-12. 40 Geography. P.M. 2.00- 4.00 English Composition. Second Day. A.M. 9. 00-11. 00 Arithmetic and Mensuration. 1 1 . 10-12.20 Drawing. P.M. 1.30- 3.00 History. 3.10- 5.10 Bookkeeping and Penmanship. Third Day. A.M. g. 00-11, 00 Algebra and Euclid. II. 10-12. 30 Physiology and Temperance. P.M. 2.10- 4.00 English Poetical Literature. Reading may be taken on the above days at such hours as may suit the convenience of the Examiners. Night Schools. 11. (i). The night school term shall begin on the first of October and close on the thirty-first of March. The session shall not exceed two and a half hours per night. (2). The course of study shall be limited to the subjects prescribed for Public Schools. No pupil shall be admitted to a night school who is under fourteen years of age or who attends school during the day. The Regulations of the Educa- tion Department with respect to the duties of teachers and pupils, and the use of text-books, shall apply to night schools. High Schools. 335 (3). Except with the sanction of the Minister of Education, no person shall teach a night school who does not hold a certificate to teach a Public School, and no part of the Legis- lative grant shall be paid to any Board of Trustees until the annual report required by the Department is certified by the Trustees and the Inspector. See ante, pp. 4 and 148. II— HIGH SCHOOLS AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTES. Conditions of Existence. 12. The following are the requirements of a High School established after the first of July, i8gi : — (i). No connection with a Public School as regards premises. (2).. A site of at least half an acre in extent, well fenced, well drained, planted with shade trees, and suitably provided with walks in front and rear. (3). A playground, and all other necessary provision for physical exercise. (4). A well or other means of supplying pure drinking water. (5). Water-closets for the sexes, separate and in separate yards, and properly screened from observation. (6). A building large enough to provide ample accommoda- tion for every pupil in attendance, with all necessary provision for light, heat, and ventilation, and two entrances with covered porches. (7). Suitable separate cloak-rooms for boys and girls, furni- ture, desks, blackboards, and maps, apparatus, and Library of reference of the maximum value recognized for schools with two masters. (8). A Principal, and at least two assistants. 336 Legislative Grants. 13. In case a High School Inspector reports that the equipment of any High School or Collegiate Institute is insufficient or unsuitable ; or that the grounds are too limited in area; or that the school building is inadequate for the accommodation of the pupils; or that the staff or any member thereof is inefficient ; or that the staff is insufficient for the attendance or for the number of subjects taken up ; the Minister of Education will forthwith notify the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, and on the neglect or refusal of the said Board to remedy within a reasonable time the defect complained of, the Legislative grant may be withheld from such High School or Collegiate Institute until such time as the regulations are complied with. 14. (i). No High School shall be raised to the status of a Collegiate Institute without such a minimum equipment in the way of library, physical and chemical apparatus, gymnasium, maps and globes, as is the maximum recognized for High Schools with three or more masters. (2). Any Collegiate Institute that fails to comply with the conditions prescribed herein for the status of a Collegiate Institute may, on the joint report of the High School In- spectors, be reduced to the rank of a High School, and deprived of the special Legislative grant, at the discretion of the Minister of Education. Distribution of Grant. 15. The Annual Legislative Grant to High Schools and Collegiate Institutes shall be distributed on the following basis, so far as the annual appropriation made by the Legislature will admit thereof, namely : — The annual appropriation is payable half-yearly to the treasurer of each High School board in such manner as may be determined by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, and notice of the apportionment is to be given to the county clerk. (Ante, p. 299.) I. — FIXED GRANTS. (i) High Schools and Collegiate Institutes $375 00 (2) Collegiate Institutes, in lieu of grant on equipment. 275 00 Legislative Grants. 337 ii. — condition and suitability of school premises. (i) Hi^h Schools with two masters max., $100 00 (2) Other High Schools " 150 00 (3) Collegiate Institutes " 200 00 III. — EQUIPMENT. (i) Ten per cent, of the total approved expenditure on equipment will be allowed. The maximum recognized in each case shall be as follows : — (a) High Schools with two masters : (a) Library $300 00 (b) Physical and Chemical apparatus 300 00 (c) Maps and Globes 50 00 (d) Gymnasium (not including equipment). 350 00 max., $100 00 (b) High Schools with three or more masters : (a) Library $600 00 (b) Physical and Chemical apparatus 600 00 (c) Maps and Globes 100 00 {d) Gymnasium (not including equipment). 700 00 max., $200 00 (2). When the value of the library has reached the maximum herein recognized, ten per cent, of the yearly expenditure by the High School Board on supplementary reading in English Literature will be allowed. (3). The record of the equipment shall be made from time to time in the prescribed catalogue by the Principal, who shall be responsible for the safe-keeping of both equipment and catalogue. IV. — SALARIES. Ten per cent, of expenditure on salaries over $1,500. max., $600 00 22 338 Legislative Grants. v. — average attendance. The remainder of the Grant, after providing for the other items, shall be distributed on the basis of average attendance. VI. — REQUIREMENTS OF GRADING. There shall be four grades under items (i)-(i4) below, and in items (i), (2), (3), (4), (6), (7), (8), and (9), the grading shall be one degree lower in the case of a Union School building than it would be if the High School were in a separate building. (i). Water Closets. — If outside, to be convenient to the school building, but far enough removed to prevent contamination of the air breathed by the pupils. Separate closets for the sexes, under separate roofs, at least several feet apart, each contain- ing separate compartments with doors (four for the first fifty in attendance, and one for each subsequent fifty) ; the boys' to be of glazed brick or similar material ; or, when of wood, to be painted m a dark color and sanded. Urinals for the boys ; also divided into compartments, and properly placed. In the case of Union Schools, the closets for the use of High School pupils must be separate and distinct from those for the use of Public School pupils. Separate and locked closets for the teachers. Entrances of closets screened from observation. Provision for cleaning and deodorizing the closets and urinals at suitable intervals. Suitable walks from school building to closets, so that they may be reached with comfort in all kinds of weather. A high board fence between boys' and girls' side, from the closets to the school building. If the water-closets are inside the school building, the above conditions must be satisfied mutatis mutandis. (2). Water Supply. — A good well or other supply of pure water on the premises ; water filters or tanks, in the school building, with provision for frequent replenishment ; lavatories in the halls, cap-rooms, or waiting-rooms. If the supply be from waterworks, a sufficient number of suitable taps. Grades I. and II. are given when the water supply is inside the school building ; Grade III. being a good well. Legislative Grants. 339 (3). School Grounds. — To be used for High School purposes only ; well situated and easily accessible ; of not less than one acre. Grounds properly levelled and drained ; planted with shade trees and ornamental trees and shrubs ; laid out with flower beds and grass plots in front of the school building. Separate playgrounds for the sexes. Grounds well fenced (ornamental fence in front), with separate entrances and walks for the sexes. Suitable provision for keeping the grounds in good order. (4). External Appearance of School Building. — Building sepa- rate from Public School building ; placed at least thirty feet from the public highway, and remote from any disturbing noises; of good architectural appearance. Under this head the site and the appearance of the building are considered. (5). Class Rooms. — A room in which all the pupils can assemble. Class-rooms conveniently arranged and tasteful in appearance ; well proportioned and oblong in shape ; twelve square feet on the floor and at least two hundred and fifty cubic feet of air space for each pupil ; ceilings white ; walls colored French gray or a light stone color preferred ; floors in good order ; a suitable platform for the teacher's desk ; in three and more masters' schools a special class-room for the teaching of science ; m two masters' schools, provision for science teaching in one of the rooms ; suitable provisions for cleaning and dusting; separate entrances to each class-room for the sexes. (6). Halls. — Of suitable size and convenient arrangement ; separate and with separate main entrances for the sexes ; with covered porches or other suitable provision of this nature ; separate means of egress to the water-closets ; if the building is of two stories, separate and suitable staircases for the sexes; door mats and scrapers. (7). Waiting Rooms. — Of suitable size and convenient arrange- ment; separate for the sexes ; suitably furnished with benches. (8). Cap Rooms. — Of suitable size and convenient arrange- ment ; separate for the sexes ; furnished with cap-hooks. 340 Legislative Grants. (9). Teachers' Private Rooms.— At least one for the joint use of the staff ; of suitable size and convenient arrangement ; suitably and comfortably furnished. In schools with large staffs, a separate room for the assistant masters and for the female assistants. (10). Desks. — Sufficient for the attendance ; of suitable size and finish ; single preferred, with movable seats and adjustable lids ; placed at proper intervals ; a suitable desk and chair in each class-room for the teacher ; at least two visitors' chairs in each class-room. Suitable tables in the laboratory for ex- perimental work by the teacher and pupils. Single desks are Grade I., double desks Grade II., with suitable provision for practical work in science in each case ; otherwise the grading is one degree lower. (11). Blackboards. — Of sufficient extent and good quality; at a suitable distance from the floor, and properly placed in regard to light. Troughs to hold chalk dust. A proper supply of erasers. (12). Lighting. — Of sufficient quantity ; windows large and numerous, with large panes ; lower ledges on a level with the tops of the heads of the pupils. Grade I. is given, only when the light is from the left. Opaque blinds where needed. (13). Heating. — If by stoves, of sufficient capacity; they and the stove pipes being so placed that all parts of each room may be properly warmed. Stoves surrounded by fire screens, if near the desks. A water-can on each stove. A proper supply of wood or coal boxes. If by hot air, hot water, or steam, the quantity and distribution of heat to be sufficient. Stoves or other heating apparatus in good condition. A thermometer in each class-room. A uniform temperature of 67 degrees maintained in winter. Provision for heating the halls, waiting- rooms, cap-rooms, gymnasium, and teachers' private rooms, as well as the class-rooms. Grades I. and II. are given only in the case of schools heated with hot air, steam pipes, or hot water pipes. Legislative Grants. 341 (14). Voitilatio)!.— 'Proper provision in each room for the ingress of pure warm air, and the egress of foul air, so that there may be a complete change at least three times every hour. Windows (with sashes) adjustable by weights and pulleys, so as to be readily lowered from above and raised from below. Movable fan-lights over each class-room door. The gym- nasium also must be ventilated. (15). Gymnasium. — The sizes best adapted for a gymnasium according to the capacity required are : 80 x 40 ; 70 x 35 ; 60 x 30. The windows in the sides of the building should be placed as high as possible ; each should be about three feet high and about six feet wide and should work on pivots ; there should be as many of them on both sides as can be put in ; there should be a large window or several windows in one end of the building, the other end being a dead wall. The doors should be placed at the end of the building containing the window or windows. The floor may be either, preferably wholly planked and mattresses provided, or partially planked, in which case the end of the building having the dead wall should have a plank floor for about twenty feet from the wall. The trapeze and flying rings should be in the central portion of the building, the point from which they are suspended being sixteen feet from the ground ; the point of suspension for the row of side rings may be any height from thirteen to sixteen feet from the ground. If heated with a stove, it and the stationary gymnastic apparatus should be properly placed at the end of the building containing the doors and windows. In the case of floors partially planked, the flooring, except at the dead wall end of the building, should consist of sawdust or sand about one foot and a half deep ; this should be sprinkled with water every morning about an hour before the first class commences to exercise, and again at noon if necessary ; the supply of sawdust must be frequently renewed. A locker and racks and stands should be provided, where the movable appliances can be securely kept when not being used by the class. 342 Legislative Grants. \'II. — SCHEDULE OF DISTRIBUTION. The Grant on the grading of the school premises shall be distributed according to the following scheme : — - ^ o — o c lO c »o r- (-1 (~ o •uoiiBDJuayY " o 1—1 1.0 C ^.■5 o rH c l-O rH C o o n '=' .'**' IC lO <~ <— (^ o 'SupEaH " c; •-J ut I> >-0 (M o C: o «« ^ ■* cc i-H C2 CC ■* C) C) *-H C-. « fC "S c c C CO ^ LO c- c- t- o •3uijqan i:. <= Ul c I> lO C-J C c o o <«^ c; ■.^ cc 1— c: w -* (N c rH c-. (C M ,; C C c o c: >-0 c: LO o c (— o •spjBoq>iOB|a " a J-l (M o c o ^ <^ C ^ C 1" CO i.O c (~ ^ c •sifs^a t«- C2 c O ^ c: o lO o 05 ,, o c ^ c C LO c >.o o c ^ ^ •suiooy aiEAijfj C-) r-i c: c C Tt eo c; o o o o lO o •o c; o c^ ^ ■ •smooH d83 -1 o o 1-i o C) C: o o ■* 05 ■ c c c C — >o o l.O <- o ,— o •siuooy anijiB^ C-l rH t> c CI c i-O ■>* o . c^ o o O o o o o — c- o ■S115H <- o o 1-H o CI CJ c i-O C o d S o o o o o ,— (— C o •SUlOOy SSBO o C o 'Ti o o o o c r o c C) c 01 'Tl -^ — ^ cc rH -+ 't M c: — ry 3 o l.O <— (- ^ o o c c ■spunojo lOoq^S ««^ '.-5 *-0 T rH to c o >o c »0 l— ' y^ 5-1 f— t i-H c o8 c o c l.O ^ (^ CO c c o ■Xiddns Jaj^M o tH >.': 't CI i-H CC c o rH . o c; c .— c; *-0 c- i-O C~ — O •SJ3S013 iOIV.J^ w- ^ 1--: r- C C: >.o CI CI O c: ci cr c V, 1 H - - 1 -j L. t— 1 — « •■^ M rJ ir. 1— K- ►— ..^ o c t— t-H > t-H Z. hH >— h— ^ > Is: 1 '- 0, Cd a f- (A X u -c < O < c -■: c - c ^ r 1- c o u rJ > ir. t" — M 1- (- u Courses of Study. 343 General. 16. (i). In every Hif,^h School or Collegiate Institute the head teacher shall be called the Principal, and the other teachers, Assistants. (2). It shall be the duty of the Principal to determine the number of pupils in each Form, the division of subjects among his assistants, and the order in which each subject shall be taken up by the pupils, and to make such promotions from one Form to another as he may deem expedient. (3). The regulations respecting the duties of teachers and pupils, and the hours for study in High Schools shall be the same as those prescribed for Public Schools, except as herein otherwise provided. As to the duties of teachers and pupils, see ante, pp. 316 and 318; and as to hours of study, see ante, p. 316. (4). Except when the Public and the High School occupy the same building, the Principal of the High School shall not be Principal of the Public School. Courses of Study. 17. (i). The High School subjects of study shall be taken up in four Forms. The Principal is not restricted in the sub-division of Forms, and he shall arrange the upper limit of Form I. to suit the requirements of his school; but it is recommended that the Commercial Course shall be completed in Form I. (2). The regular subjects of study in Forms I. and II. shall consist of Reading, English Grammar, English Composition, Rhetoric, English Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra, Euclid, the Commercial Course, and Drawing, with Latin, or French, or German, or Physics and Botany; in Form III,, of English Grammar, English Composition, Rhetoric, English Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra, Euclid, and Chemistry, with Latin, or Greek, or French, or German, or Physics ; and in Form YV ., of English Grammar, 344 Courses of Study. Philology, Rhetoric, and Prosody ; English Composition, English Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Algebra, Euclid, and Trigonometry, with Greek and Latin, or French and German, or Chemistry, Physics, Botany, and Zoology. The special subjects required for pass Senior Matriculation into any of the Universities of Ontario may be taken up in Form IV. in addition to the regular subjects prescribed. 18. (i). Every High School pupil shall pursue the course prescribed in the Form to which he is assigned. (2). Candidates for the Primary Examination shall take the full Commercial Course and any two of the books prescribed in the course in Drawing in Forms L and H.; and the mini- mum for all other pupils shall be, in Bookkeeping, the single entry set and any one of the double entry sets, with the com- mercial forms; and, in Drawing, any one of the prescribed books. (3). Pupils in Forms III. and IV. preparing for the Matricu- lation Examination into any of the Universities or the Learned Societies of Ontario, may take those subjects only that are required for their examination. (4). The Commercial Course, Reading, and Drawing may be continued in the higher Forms, and Agricultural Chemistry, Physiology and Temperance, Vocal Music, and Stenography may be taught in any Form, at the option of the Board of Trustees and the Principal. (5). Any pupil may take, in addition to the subjects in the course selected, such other subjects as may be agreed upon by his parents or guardian and the Principal of the High School; but no subject not prescribed in the regular High School courses of study shall be taught in any High School or Col- legiate Institute without the consent of the Minister of Educa- tion. Courses of Study. 345 19. (i). Throughout all the school terms — Writing shall be taught at least twice a week in the lowest division of Form I., each lesson being not less than half an hour in length ; and the subject shall also be taken up in connection with Book- keeping in the other divisions ; Reading shall be taught at least twice a week in each of the divisions of Forms I. and II., each lesson being not less than half an hour in length ; and the subject shall also be taken up in connection with English Literature in all the forms ; Drill, Gymnastics, and Calis- thenics shall be taught, during the regular school hours and in well organized classes, not less than an hour and a half a week in each division of Forms 1. and II. ; and not less than an hour a week in the other Forms ; and additional provision shall be made for practice by the pupils under efficient supervision. In High Schools which have no Gymnasium, Gymnastics is not obligatory, and Drill and Calisthenics shall be taken up only in suitable weather and in accordance with the circumstances of each school. The time required for Reading and Writing shall be separately apportioned on the time-table of the school and devoted to the teaching of them alone ; and when the average number in a class exceeds twenty-five, more time than the minimum pre- scribed shall be given. (2). No pupil shall be exempted from the prescribed course in Drill, Gymnastics and Calisthenics, except upon a medical doctor's certificate, or on account of evident physical defects ; and every pupil in the Forms concerned shall be required to take the course prescribed in Reading and Writing. (3). In the case of a High School with a Gymnasium, no grant will be made on this part of the equipment unless the full time is allowed for Drill, Gymnastics, and Calisthenics, and the work done is of a satisfactory character, as certified by the visiting High School Inspector. 20. The following are the details of the regular High School Courses of Study : 346 Courses of Study. Forms I. and II. Reading. — The principles of Orthoepy and Elocution ; Reading ; Spelling and Syllabication. English Grammar. — Etymology and Syntax ; exercises, chiefly on passages from authors not prescribed. English Composition and Rhetoric. — Rhetorical analysis of passages from prose authors not prescribed; themes on familiar subjects and the prescribed texts ; familiar and business letters. English Poetical Literature. — Intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the prescribed texts ; memorization of the finest passages ; oral reading of the texts; supplementary reading from authors provided in the High School Library or supplied by the pupils under the authority of the High School Board. History and Geography. — The leading events of Canadian and British History — the nineteenth century more particularly. Commercial, Physical, and Mathematical Geography. Geog- raphy of Canada and the British Empire more particularly. Arithmetic and Elementary Mensuration. — Arithmetic in the- ory and practice; special attention to commercial problems; areas of rectilinear figures, and volumes of right parallelopipeds and prisms ; the circle, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Algebra. — Elementary rules; factoring; greatest common measure; least common multiple; fractions; simple equations of one unknown quantity ; simple problems. Euclid. — Book I.; easy deductions. Commercial Course. — Writing; precis writing and indexing; bookkeeping, single and double entry ; commercial forms ; general business transactions. Drawi7tg.—Bk. i. Architecture; Bk. 2, Constructive Draw- ing; Bk. 3, Industrial Design; Bk. 4, Landscape Drawing, Historical Ornament, etc. Courses of Study, 347 Physics. — An experimental course defined as follows : — (a) Properties of matter: — Sensations and things; causes and effects ; absence of chance in the order of nature; matter; the molecule; constitution of matter; physical and chemical changes ; inertia ; force ; energy (as defined in sections 88-92 inclusive of the High School Physics) ; three states of matter ; phenomena of attraction; cohesion; compressibility; elas- ticity, etc. (b) Sound: — Vibrations and waves; production and propagation of sound-waves ; velocity; reflection; echoes; refraction; intensity; pitch; difference between noise and music, (c) Light : — Propagation ; reflection ; images formed by plane and spherical mirrors; refraction; lenses; dispersion; selective absorption ; color, (d) Electricity : — Voltaic cells ; polarization ; heating, luminous, chemical, and magnetic effects produced by the electric current ; the electric bell, the telegraph, the telephone, the electric light ; magnetism. Botany. — The practical stud}- of representatives of the following natural orders of flowering plants : Ranunculaceae, Crucifera^, Malvace^, Leguminosse, Rosaceae, Supindacese, Umbellifera2, Compositse, Labiatae, Cupuliferse, Araceas, Liliceae, Iridaceae, Coniferae, and Gramincae (types contained in text-book). A knowledge of structure obtained with the use of the compound microscope. Drawing and description of plants supplied, and their classification. Comparison of different organs, morphology of root, stem, leaves and hairs, parts of the flowers, reproduction of flowering plants, pollination, fertilization, and the nature of fruits and seeds. Greek. — The Elementary Greek Book, and sight-reading. Latin. — The Elementary Latin Book, grammar, composition, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. . French. — The Elementary French Book, grammar, composi- tion, conversation, dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight- reading. German. — The Elementary German Book, grammar, com- 34S Courses of Study. position, conversation, dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. Form III. English Grammar. — A course consisting chiefly of exercises on passages from authors not prescribed. English Composition and Rhetoric. — Course in Form II. con- tinued, and including themes based upon the prescribed texts. English Poetical Literature. — The course in Form II. con- tinued, and inchiding intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the prescribed texts. History and Geography. — Great Britain and her colonies from the Revolution of 1688 to the peace of i8i5,and the Geography relating thereto. Outlines of Roman history to the death of Augustus, and the Geography relating thereto. Outlines of Greek history to the battle of Chasronea, and the Geography relating thereto. Arithmetic and Mensuration. — Course in Form II. completed. Algebra. — Elementary rules; easy factoring; highest common measure; lowest common multiple; square root; fractions; ratio ; simple equations of one, two and three unknown quantities ; indices ; surds ; easy quadratic equations of one and two unknown quantities. Euclid. — Books I., II., and III.; deductions. Physics. — An experimental course defined as follows, and including an acquaintance with the Metric System of Units: — (a) Dynamics : Definitions of velocity, acceleration, mass, momentum, force, moment, couple, energy, work, centre of inertia; statement of Newton's laws of motion; composition and resolution of forces ; conditions for equilibrium of forces in one plane. Definitions of a fluid, fluid pressure at a point, transmission of fluid pressure, resultant fluid pressure, specii'ic gravity, Boyle's law, the barometer, air pump, water pump, siphon. (6) Heat: Effects of heat; temperature; diffusion of heat; specific heat; latent heat; law of Charles, (c) Courses or Study. 349 l.lectricity : Voltaic cells; chemical action in the cell; magnetic effect of the current ; chemical effect of the current ; ilvanometer; voltameter; Ohm's law; heating effect of the irrent ; electric light ; current induction ; dynamo and motor ; electric bell ; telegraph ; telephone. Chemistry. — Definition of the object of the science. Rela- tions of the physical sciences to Biology, and of Chemistry to Physics. Chemical change, elementary composition of matter. Laws of combination of the elements, atomic theory, molecules, Avogadro's Law. The determination of atomic weight, specific heat, atomic heat, nomenclature, classification. The prepara- tion, characteristic properties, and principal compounds of the following elements : Hydrogen, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Oxygen, Sulphur, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Carbon, Silicon. Greek. — Grammar, Composition, prescribed texts, and sight- reading. Latin. — Grammar, Composition, prescribed texts, and sight- reading. French. — Grammar, Composition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. German. — Grammar, Composition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. Form IV. Grammar and Philology. — A course consisting chiefly of exer- cises on passages from authors not prescribed. English Composition, Rhetoric, and Prosody. — Essay-writing ; a course in Rhetoric and Prosody, consisting chiefly of exer- cises on passages from authors not prescribed. English Poetical Literature. — Course in Form IIL continued, and including intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the prescribed texts. History and Geography. — British History from the discovery 350 Courses of Study. - of America to the Revolution of 1688. Geography to illustrate the history read. M Algebra. — More thorough knowledge of the subjects of Forr^ III. together with variation, progressions, permutations, and combinations binomidal theorem, interest forms with annuities. Euclid. — More thorough knowledge of the subjects of Form III. together with Euclid Bks. IV., VI., and Definitions of Bk. \'.; deductions. Plane Trigonometry. — Trigonometrical ratios with their relations to each other ; sines, etc., of the sum and difference of angles with deduced formulas ; solution of triangle ; expres- sions for the area of triangles ; radii of circumscribed, inscribed, and described circles. Physics. — Course in Form III. continued. Chemistry. — The practical study of the following elements with their most characteristic compounds, in illustration of the outlines of Mendelejeff's classification of the elements : Hydrogen ; Sodium, Potassium ; Magnesium, Zinc ; Calcium, Strontium, Barium; Borax, Aluminium; Carbon, Silicon, Tin, Lead ; Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth ; Oxygen, Sulphur ; Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine ; Man- ganese, Iron, Gold, Platinum. Botany.— The practical study of the representatives of the flowering plants of the locality in which the High School is situated, and of representatives of the chief sub-divisions of cryptograms, such as a fern, a lycopod, a horse-tail, a liver- wort, a moss, a lichen, a mushroom, and a chara. A knowl- edge of structure, such as can be obtained with the use of a compound microscope. Drawing and description of parts of plants supplied, and their classification. Comparison of different organs, morphology of root, stem, leaves and hair, parts of the flower, reproduction of flowering plants, pollination, fertilization and the nature of fruit and seeds. Zoology.~The practical study of the subject as defined in Entrance Examinations. 351 The High School Zoology, but limited by the author's syllabus of work. Greek. — Grammar, Composition, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. Latin. — Grammar, Composition, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. French. — Grammar, Composition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. German. — Grammar, Composition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS. General. 21. In addition to the provisions of The High Schools Act, the following general regulations shall govern the High School Entrance Examination : See section 38 of T/ie High Schools Act, iSgr, ante, p. 293, as to the statutory provisions relating to the Entrance Examination. (i). No teacher who has pupils writing at the Entrance Examination shall be eligible as examiner where such pupils are writing. (2). At every High School and Collegiate Institute, and at such other places as may be recommended by the County Council an examination for admission of pupils to High Schools and Collegiate Institutes, shall be held in July of each year on papers prepared by the High School Inspectors and such other examiners as may be appointed by the Minister of Education. (3). Candidates desiring to be examined at a city or town forming a separate inspectoral district shall notify the Inspector of such city or town. In all other cases notices shall be sent to the County Inspector ; and if more examinations than one are held in the county, the place at which the candidate desires to be examined shall be named. 352 Entran'Ce Examinations. (4). High School Boards shall have power to require each resident or non-resident pupil to pay a fee not exceeding one dollar. County Councils shall have like power regarding county pupils, but any sum thus received from county candi- dates shall be deducted from the amount for which the county is liable for maintenance. (5). When the County Council recommends the holding of an examination at any place other than the High School, the presiding examiner shall be paid the sum of $3 per diem, and travelling expenses for conducting such examination, and the examiners shall be allowed the sum of $1 per candidate for reading the examination papers. It shall be lawful for the County Treasurer to pay all the expenses of such examination on the certificate of the County Inspector. Subjects of Examination. 22. (I). The Entrance Examination will be based on the subjects prescribed in Form IV. of the Public Schools. The exammation in Literature will be based partly on prescribed selections from the authorized Fourth Reader, and partly on the remaining lessons in the same reader; and the candidate will be expected to have memorized prescribed selections from the Fourth Reader. At the examination in Composition the candidate will be expected simply to write a letter and a nar- rative or description, each being of about thirty lines in length. (2). Candidates shall submit their work in Drawing and Writing, covering a period of at least three months. When the authorized books are used. Copy Book No. 6 and Draw- ing Book No. 5 will be accepted; but no discrimination will be made in favor of work contained in the authorized drawing- book or copy-book if the prescribed course is covered. Duties of Inspector. 23. (i). Application shall be received by the Inspector for the examination not later than the ist of May. (2). The Inspector shall notify the Department not later Entrance Examinations. 353 than the 3rd day of May in each year, of the number of persons desiring to be examined at any High School or other authorized place within his jurisdiction. (3). In any city or town forming a separate inspectoral division, the Inspector or Inspectors of such city or town shall preside at the examination, and, in conjunction with the Board of Examiners for such city or town, shall read the papers and report to the Department. (4). In counties in which more High Schools than one are situated, the Inspector for the county shall elect at which High School he will preside, and shall notify the Department of the choice he makes, and in each of the other High Schools the Principal of the High School shall preside. (5). In the case of examinations affiliated with a High School, the Inspector within whose district such affiliated examinations are held, shall appoint Presiding Examiners, who shall be teachers in actual service, notice of which shall be sent to the Education Department ; and such Inspector, together with the Examiners of the High School with which the examination is affiliated, shall be the Board of Examiners in all such cases. (6). Where, from the number of candidates, or any other cause, additional Presiding Examiners are required, the Inspector shall make such appointments as are necessary, preference being given to the other members of the Board of Examiners. The Inspector shall not appoint as Presiding Examiner any teacher who has taken part in the instruction of any of the candidates in the room where he presides, or who is not in actual service. (7). Where more examinations than one are held in an inspectoral district, the papers will be sent by the Education Department to the Inspector, or the Presiding Examiner, as the case may be. (8). The parcel containing the examination papers shall not be opened till the morning of the examination day, nor shall 23 354 Entrance Examinations. any envelope containing the papers in an}- subject be opened until the time appointed in time-table for the examination in such subject. Duties of Presiding Examiners. 24. It shall be the duty of Presiding Examiners : (i). To be in attendance at the place appointed for the examination at least fifteen minutes before the time fixed for the first subject, and to see that the candidates are supplied with the necessary stationery, and seated so far apart as to afiford reasonable security against copying. (2). To open the envelope containing the papers in each subject in full view of the candidates at the time prescribed, and to place one paper on each candidate's desk. The Presiding Examiner will please see that the seal is I'ntaci when the bag con- taining the examination papers is received by him. The l)ag can be opened when required, by breaking the wire close to the seal. (3). To exercise proper vigilance over the candidates to prevent copying, and to allow no candidate to communicate with another, nor permit any person, except a co-examiner, to enter the room during examination. (4). To see that the candidates promptly cease writing at the proper time, fold and endorse their papers properly, and in every respect comply with the regulations herein contained. At the close of the Examination the Presiding Examiners are requested to take charge of all surplus examination papers, and to retain them or hand them to the Public School Inspector for future distribution amongst applicants for them. (5). To submit the answers of the candidates to the Examiners according to the instructions from the Board. The Candidate's answers are to be returned in the bag, which is to be folded and tied so that the words "The property of the Education Department" will be outwards. The shipping tag addressed to the Education Dejwrtment to be securely attached to the strap. Duties of Candidates. 25. The following shall be the duties of High School ICntrance candidates: (I). Every candidate shall be in attendance at least fifteen Entrance Examinations. 355 minutes before the time at which the examination is to bej^in, and shall occupy the seat allotted by the Presiding Examiner. Any candidate desiring to move from his allotted place or to leave the room, shall first obtain permission from the Presiding Examiner to do so. Any candidate leaving shall not return during the examination in the subject then in hand. (2). Every candidate shall write his answers on one side only of the paper, and shall number each answer. He shall arrange the sheets numerically, according to the questions, and fold them once crosswise, endorsing them with his name, the name of the subject, and the name of the place at which he is examined. No paper shall be returned to a candidate after being placed in the hands of the Presiding Examiner. (3). Any candidate who is found copying from another or allowing another to copy from him, or who brings into the examination room any book, note or paper having any reference to the subject on which he is writing, shall be required by the Presiding Examiner to leave the room, and his papers and the papers of all the guilty parties shall be cancelled. (4). Candidates for examination in Drawing and Writing must place their drawing and copy books in the hands of the Presiding Examiner on the morning of the first day of the examination. Every exercise must be certified by the teacher as being the candidate's own work. Duties of Examiners. 26. In reading the papers the Examiners shall be guided by the following schedule of values and instructions : (i). Reading, 50 marks; Drawing, 50; Physiology and Temperance, 75 ; Writing and Neatness, 35 ; Writing, 50 ; Orthography, 30 ; Literature, 100 ; Arithmetic, 100 ; Grammar, 100 ; Geography, 75 ; Composition, 100 : History, 75. The marks for neatness shall be divided equally among the last seven subjects, and shall be added to the value herein assigned to those subjects. Of the marks for Drawing and 356 Entrance Examinations. Writing 25 will be assigned to the paper on these subjects, and a maximum of 25 may be awarded as the result of the inspection of the candidate's drawing and copy books. Two marks shall be deducted for each misspelt word on the Dicta- tion paper, and one mark shall be deducted for each misspelt word on the other papers. (2). Examiners should return the drawing and copy books to the candidates at the close of the examination. (3). The papers of the different candidates shall be so dis- tributed that the same Examiner shall read and value the answers in the same subject throughout. (4). Each Examiner shall mark distinctly in the left hand margin the value assigned by him to each answer or partial answer, shall sum up the total on each page at the foot of the margin, and shall place the general total on the back of the outside sheet, indicating the deductions for misspelt words, and the additional marks for neatness, thus, e.g., History, 60 — 5sp. + 3n. = 58, and initialing each set of papers examined. Reports, Certificates, and Appeals. 2i7 . (i). Any candidate w^ho obtains one-third of the marks in each subject (neatness included) and one-half of the aggre- gate may be admitted provisionally to a High School by the Board of Examiners. Of those who fail, only the following classes of candidates should be recommended : (a) those who fail to reach the standard prescribed in some subject, who have not made a bad failure in any subject, and who have made considerably more than the aggregate marks required ; (b) those who, in the opinion of the Examiners, on account of age or for some special reason, should be recommended to the favorable consideration of the Minister of Education. No candidate should be recommended on the ground of age alone, who shall not have reached at least his fifteenth year before the date of the next Entrance Examination. The reasons for recommendation shall be set forth in full opposite the name of each candidate recommended. Entrance Examinations. 357 (2). The names of candidates passed or recommended shall not be published until after the decision of the Minister has been received. (3). The Inspector shall issue a certificate to each candidate whose admission has been approved by the Minister of Education. (4). The report of the Examiners, together with the answers of the Candidates, shall be transmitted by the Inspector to the Education Department (charges prepaid) on or before the 20th of July in each year. All express charges on parcels sent to the Department are to be prepaid. (5). Candidates may claim to have their papers re-read upon the following conditions : — {a) The appeal or claim must be in the hands of the Minister of Education on or before the 15th of August, and the ground of the appeal must be specifically stated. The Examiners shall dispose of all appeals without delay and no appeal shall subsequently be entertained on any ground whatever. (h) A deposit of $2 must be made with the Department, which deposit will be returned to the candidate if his appeal or claim is sustained. (6). — {a) When at any time during the interval between Entrance Examinations it is considered desirable to admit a pupil provisionally until the next examination, the Principal of the High School and the Public School Inspector shall at once report in detail upon the case to the Minister of Education. Application should be made only in behalf of pupils who could not have presented themselves at the examination ; and as a rule, when the work of the term is considerably advanced, admission should not be granted to pupils only fit for the lowest classes. (6) Pupils proposed for admission under this regulation are not to be enrolled by the Principal or to receive any instruction 358 Entrance Examinations. from the staff until their provisional admission has been sanctioned by the Minister. (c) Pupils provisionally admitted shall not be required to pass the examination in Literature or to submit Drawing and Copy Books at the Entrance Examinations. TIME-TABLE. First Day. A.M. 8.45 Reading Regulations. 9.00-1 1. 00 English Grammar. 1 1. 10-12. 40 Geography. P.M. 2.00-4.00 Composition. 4.10-4.45 Dictation. Second Day. A.M. 9.00-1 1. 00 Arithmetic. 1 1. 10- 1 2. 20 Drawing. P.M. 1.30-3.00 History. Third Day. A.M. 9. 00. 1 1. 00 :. .English Literature. 1 1. 10- II. 40 Writing. P.M. 1.30-3.00 Physiology and Temperance. Reading to be taken on the above days at such hours as may suit the convenience of the Examiners. T/ie Public School Leaving Examination or some modification thereof, will be substituted for the presetit High School Entrance Examination as soon as the results of the present changes in the Public School Leaving Exa/ninatiofi justify the Education Department in adopting this course. Primary Examination in Oral Reading, Drawing, AND THE Commercial Course. 28. (i). {a) This Examination will be held each year on the day preceding the High School Entrance Examination. (6) The examination of the Drawing books and Bookkeeping Pkimakv Examination. 359 sets of all candidates for the Primary shall be conducted in each High School, by the Principal of the Hij;h School and the High School teachers of Drawing and the Commercial Course. For the purposes of this examination, the Drawing books and Bookkeeping sets of candidates who have not been in attendance at a High School shall, in each case, be forwarded to the Principal of the High School nearest the School in which the candidate has been prepared. (c) The examination in Reading and on the papers set by the Department in Drawing and the Commercial Course, will be held at the centres for the High School Entrance Examinations. When the examination is held at a High School, the Examiners in Reading shall be the High School Principal and the High School teacher or teachers of the sub- ject. The Presiding Examiner or Examiners shall examine at the other centres, and shall, immediately after the examina- tion, forward the grading assigned each candidate in Reading, to the Principal of the High School at which the candidate's Drawing books and Bookkeeping sets are being examined. (2). The Examiners shall be guided by the following instruc- tions. (a) Each candidate shall read from the High School Reader one passage of not less than thirty lines, selected by the Examiners, and another from any book chosen by himself. (b) Each candidate shall submit for examination his school work in drawing in the books prescribed for this examination in Reg. 18 (2) or the equivalent thereof in character and amount. (c) Each candidate shall submit for examination his school work in Bookkeeping and Commercial Transactions, which shall consist of the following as a minimum :— Four sets, each of at least ten foolscap pages or the equivalent thereof, and each comprising the necessary books of original entry with ledger and bill book. The sets shall consist of one in single entry and three in double entry, and the books of each set, if written in a blank book, shall be entered together and shall be 360 Primary Examination. wholly separate from the others. The single entry set shall be especially suitable for farmers and artisans or for retail mer- chants and general traders, and shall employ the cash book, journal, ledger, and bill book, in addition to the necessary books of original entry. One of the double entry sets shall be suitable for retail merchants, and shall show transactions covering a period of two months of actual business, the ledger being closed at the end of each month and a statement of resources and liabilities shown. The second double entry set shall be a set in Partnership, embracing transactions in Commission and Brokerage ; and the third shall be a con- tinuation of the single entry set, showing clearly the transfer from single to double entry. Any three accounts in the single entry set shall be made in proper form and submitted to the Examiners. The candidates shall also submit at least two examples of each kind of commercial forms and correspondence pertaining to the sets. A descriptive index shall accompany each of the four sets, and the transactions in each set shall be different from year to year. (d) The Drawing books and Bookkeeping sets shall, in each case, be certified by the candidate's teacher or teachers as being the candidate's work; and not less than the prescribed minimum shall, in any case, be accepted, the examination being on the quality of the work submitted. (3). Each candidate shall pass, in addition, an examination in the subjects prescribed in Drawing and the Commercial Course, the papers being prepared and the answers read and valued by the Departmental Examiners. The maximum for each paper shall be 50 marks, and the pass standard one-third on each paper and one-half of the total of both. The Presiding Examiners at this examination shall be those appointed for the High School Entrance Examination; the rate of remunera- tion shall be the same ; and the cost shall be borne by the same corporations. See aiUd, p. 294, as to examiners' fees and payment of same. (4). The standing of the candidates, which shall range from Primary Examination. 361 I. to IV., those graded IV. being rejected, shall be entered in a form provided by the Education Department. The Principal of the High School shall retain for the use of the next visiting High School Inspector, a copy of the form, and the certificates required from the Principal of the Public or Separate School in paragraph (6) below. (5). The Drawing books and the Bookkeeping sets of High School and other pupils who have passed this examination shall be retained in safe keeping by the Principal of the High School, until the next ensuing visit of the High School In- spector, who shall report specially to the Minister of Education on the character of this examination, and on whose report the Minister may cancel this examination wholly or in part. The answer papers in Drawing and the Commercial Course shall be transmitted (prepaid) to the Education Department im- mediately after the close of the examination. (6). The examination in Reading and the Commercial Course will not be accepted by the Minister unless at least the time prescribed in Regulation ig (i) for Reading and Writing has been allowed in the time-table during the pre- ceding year, as certified by the Inspector and the Principal of the High, Public, or Separate, School, as the case may be. The required certificate shall be forwarded to the Principal of the High School, by the Principal of the Public or Separate School with the Drawing books and Bookkeeping sets of his pupils. (7). Any candidate who passes the Primary Examination in Reading, Drawing, and the Commercial Course, and who, in the opinion of his teachers, possesses a good business educa- tion, shall be entitled to a Commercial certificate signed by the Principal of the High, Public, or Separate School, as the case may be. (8). Candidates who have been awarded Commercial certifi- cates shall not be required to pass the examination in Drawing and the Commercial Course more than once. All 362 Diplomas and Commencement Exercises. candidates shall pass the examination in Oral Reading as often as they may present themselves for examination in the other subjects of the Primary Examination, and shall take again the course in Reading prescribed for Forms I. and II. of the High Schools. TIME-TABLE. Forenoon, 9.00-10.30 Paper in Drawing. /Paper in Bookkeeping and 10.40-12. 10 - Commercial Transactions ( and Penmanship. Oral Reading shall be taken on the same da}- at such hours as may suit the convenience of the Examiners, and shall continue until completed, if necessary, on the following da}'. Diplomas and Commencement Exercises. 29. (i). Every pupil shall be entitled to a High School Graduation Diploma, who passes a Departmental examination in any of the courses in Form IIL or IV. of the High Schools, and who submits to the Minister of Education, through the Principal, a certificate from the Principal that the candidate has attended a High School for at least one year; and a certificate of character signed by the Principal. (2). Commencement exercises shall be held in each High School or Collegiate Institute at a suitable time during the Autumn of each year, at which Diplomas, Medals, or Certifi- cates may be presented to the successful candidates. III. DEPARTMENTAL AND UNIVER- SITY EXAMINATIONS. Examinations and Appointment of Examiners. 30. (i). Examinations will be held annually at each High School and Collegiate Institute, and at such other places as Examinations and Appointmicnt oi-- E\amini;ks. 565 the Minister of Education may designate, in the courses of study prescribed for each of Forms I. and II., III. and IV. These examinations shall be known respectively as the Hij:,'h School Primary, the High School Junior and Senior Leaving Examinations, and the University Pass and Honor Matricula- tion Examinations. (2). The Minister of Education may act in conjunction with the Senate of the University of Toronto in conducting these examinations by means of a Joint Board of the Education Department and University of Toronto, to be appointed as soon after the ist day of October in each year as is practicable. (3). The Joint Board shall elect a chairman from their number who shall retain his right to vote as a member of the Board. In case of any vacancy on the Board the appointing body may fill the same for the remainder of the term. (4). The Board shall appoint Examiners to prepare the examination papers for the Departmental and University Matriculation Examinations, but such Examiners shall not exceed fifteen in number. The Board shall also appoint such Associate Examiners as may be necessary for the reading of the answer papers of the candidates at the said examinations. (5). The Examiners shall be selected from persons qualified by experience as teachers in either a University or a High School to set papers suitable for candidates at such examina- tions. (6). The Associate Examiners shall be selected from a list of graduates of Universities in the British Dominions actually engaged in teaching, such list to be furnished by the Minister of Education and to contain the names of at least double the number of Associate Examiners required. (7). No Examiner or Associate Examiner shall be appointed who is objected to by three out of the four representatives either of the University or of the Department of Education. 364 Duties of Examiners. Duties of Examiners. 31. The following shall be the duties of the Examiners: — (i). To elect at the first meeting a chairman from their number who shall retain his right to vote as a member of the Board. (2). To assign at the first meeting the subjects of examina- tion to the different members, and to arrange for having the manuscript of the examination papers in the hands of the Minister of Education at such dates as he may fix. (3). To revise and approve of all examination papers and to assign values to the questions. The Examiners are jointly and severally responsible for the character of the questions in each of the papers. (4). To arrange in alphabetical order the names of the Examiners in each department at the head of each paper in that department, and to give, as far as possible, instructions to candidates in the same form at the head of each paper. (5). To avoid, as far as possible, questions that consist of numerous parts with different values for each part. (6). To use capital letters. A, B, etc., to denote the sections of the papers, and figures i, 2, etc., consecutively throughout, to mark the individual questions. To space in printing and to mark with letters (a), (b), etc., the several sub-sections under each number. (7). To place, as far as the nature of the paper allows, optional questions, if any, at the end of the paper. (8). To take the general management of the work of the Associate Examiners and to settle such questions connected therewith as may be referred to them by the chairmen of the sections. (g). To assist the Associate Examiners in each section in reading the answer papers and to report to the Minister of Education and Joint Board the results of the examinations. Duties of Associate Examiners. 365 (10). To settle the results of the examinations in accordance with the standards and regulations of the Education Depart- ment and the Senate of the University respectively. (11). To decide and report upon all appeals in conjunction with such persons as may be appointed for that purpose. Duties of Associate Examiners. 32. (i). The Associate Examiners shall be classified into sections according to the subjects of examination. An Examiner shall be the chairman of each section, or, where an Examiner is unable to act, such person as may be appointed for that purpose by the Joint Board. (2). The chairman of a section shall have general oversight of the work done thereby, and shall spend so much of his time as may be necessary in revising the work of his colleagues, with a view to remove clerical errors and secure practical uniformity in valuing the answers. (3). Before commencing the actual work of examination the Associate Examiners of each section shall spend sufficient time in discussing the answers and reading answer papers jointly, to enable the members to arrive at a consensus of opinion as to the valuation of answers, especially of partial or imperfect answers. (4). When a section finds that the values assigned to the questions on the examination papers are unsatisfactory, or when it is evident that the Examiner has not followed the Course of Study prescribed by the Education Department or by the Curriculum of the University of Toronto, it shall report through its chairman to the chairman of the Examiners or the person acting on his behalf. (5). No Associate Examiner shall have in hand more than twenty papers at one time, nor shall he have more than one envelope opened upon his table at one time, except in cases of suspected copying, in which case he shall return each sheet to its proper envelope. The papers shall be returned in the 366 Duties of Associate Examiners. numerical order in which they were received. In cases of suspected copying, the Associate Examiner shall note on the face of the envelope : " Copying, see No. question ." (6). One mark shall be deducted for each misspelt word and for each instance of bad English from the marks obtained in each subject. At the Primary and the Junior Leaving Examination in English Composition an essay will be expected of about sixty lines in length, and at the Senior Leaving Examination, of about ninety lines, (7). At all the examinations in Arithmetic, either arithmetical or algebraic solutions shall be accepted. (8). In reading the papers each Associate Examiner shall mark distinctly, in the left-hand margin, the value assigned by him to each answer or partial answer, shall sum up the total on each page at the foot of the margin, and shall place the result on the face of the envelope, indicating the deductions for misspelt words and incorrect English thereon, thus, e.g.. History 80 — 2 sp. — 4 f.s.^= 74, and initialing the enveloping of each paper examined. (9). The hours of work shall be from 9 o'clock a.m. to 12 noon, and from 2 o'clock p.m. to 5 p.m. Examiners shall begin and stop work promptly, and shall abstain from all unnecessary conversation during working hours. The work of the examination shall be strictly confidential. (10). .\ssociate Examiners shall be paid the sum of $6 per day, the payment being subject to the restriction that the whole amount paid for the examination shall not exceed the sum of $1.50 per candidate. (11). Associate Examiners who do not reside in Toronto will be allowed their actual railway expenses to and from their usual residences in Ontario. Examination Papers. 33. ( 1 1. At all the examinations, each paper on the Latin, Greek, French and German authors shall contain, in addition Examination Papers. 367 to questions on passages from the prescribed texts, questions on passages from works not prescribed but similar in style and of equal difficulty ; and the meaning shall be given of words not likely to have been met with by the candidates. The examinations in the "Sight-work" shall determine, not whether the candidate has read more than the prescribed texts, but whether he is familiar with the idioms and con- structions met in the prescribed course. (2). At the Primar}- and Junior and Senior Leaving Examinations in Poetical Literature, " Sight-work" shall also be given ; but at the Leaving Examinations the examination papers shall consist of three sections, two being on the pre- scribed texts, and the third on an " unseen " passage ; of these, University candidates shall take the first and second, and Departmental candidates the third, with one of the others prescribed by the Examiners. (3). In the subjects of Mathematics, English, and History and Geography the papers for pass matriculants either shall be distinct from those for the Junior Leaving Examination, or shall be supplemented by questions specially adapted to the latter class of candidates. (4). At the Primary and Junior Leaving Examinations the value of the questions on Grammar in the paper on Grammar and Rhetoric shall be two-thirds of the value of the whole, and at the Primary Examination the value of the questions in Algebra in the paper on Algebra and Euclid shall also be two- thirds of the value of the whole. The questions in Mensura- tion are for the Junior Leaving Examination only. (5). At the Senior Leaving and Honor Matriculation examinations in Botany and Zoology, the specimens for description and identification shall be sent from the Educa- tion Department where required, and at the Primary examination in Botany they shall be provided by the Presiding Examiner. 368 Examination Papers. (6). The subjects, number, and values of the papers for the different examinations shall be as follows : — I. Primary Examination. No.ofpapers. Valueof subject. English Grammar and Rhetoric... One 200 English Composition (Essay) " 100 English Poetical Literature " 200 History and Geography " 150 Arithmetic, Mensuration, and Com- j ^^ mercial Transactions i Algebra and Euclid " 200 Physics *' 100 Botany " loo [ Two — one on Authors Latin and one on Composition ' and Grammar 200 French " " 200 German " *' 200 2. Junior Leaving Examination. No. of papers. English Grammar and Rhetoric... One English Composition (Essay) English Poetical Literature History and Geography Arithmetic and Mensuration Algebra. Valueof subject. 150 100 200 150 200 150 150 200 200 Euclid Chemistry Physics f Two — one on Authors Latin and one on Composition land Grammar 200 French " " 200 German " " 200 Greek '* " 200 Primary and Leaving Examinations. 369 One. 3. Senior Leaving Examination. No. of papers. English Grammar, Philology,) Rhetoric, and Prosody / English Composition (Essay) English Poetical Literature History and Geography Algebra Euclid : Trigonometry Chemistry ^ Physics \ Botany j Zoology Valueof subject. Four. 4OO-; ^ Latin rTwo — one on Au-^ I thors and one on I 1 Composition and j ^Grammar ; Greek ... French.. German. 200 100 200 150 150 150 150 125 125 75 75 200 200 200 200 Primary and Leaving Examinations. 34. (i). In addition to Reading, Drawing, and the Com- mercial Course, the subjects of examination for the Primary Examination shall consist of English Grammar and Rhetoric, English Composition, English Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra and Euclid, with Latin, or French, or German, or Physics and Botany. The subjects of examination for the Junior Leaving Examination shall consist of English Grammar and Rhetoric, English Composition, English Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra, Euclid, and Chemistry, with Latin, or Greek, or French, or German, or Physics ; and for the Senior Leaving Examination, of English Grammar, Philology, Rhetoric, and Prosody; English Composition, English Poetical Literature, History and 24 370 Matriculation Examinations. Geography, Algebra, Euclid, and Trigonometr}-, with Greek and Latin, or French and German, or Chemistry, Physics, Botany and Zoology. (2). Any candidate who obtains one-third of the marks in each paper and one-half of the aggregate marks obtainable, shall be entitled to the certificate for which he has been examined. (3). Only those candidates are eligible to write at the Junior Leaving Examination who have passed the Primary Examina- tion, or who having made the aggregate marks required, have been recommended by the Principal of the High School. (4). Any candidate who has passed the Primary Examina- tion in Oral Reading, Drawing, and the Commercial Course shall, on the recommendation of the Principal, be eligible to write at the Senior Leaving Examination without passing the Junior Leaving Examination or the rest of the Primary Examination. Matriculation Examinations. 35. (i). All candidates for Junior Matriculation shall take the pass subjects in Latin, Mathematics, English, History and Geography, and in one of the following groups: (a) Greek; (6) French and German ; (c) French and either Physics or Chemistry ; (d) German and either Physics or Chemistry. (2). The standard for pass shall be twenty-five per cent, on each paper and forty per cent, on the whole examination. The standard for honors shall be for Second Class, fifty per cent., and for First Class, sixty-seven per cent, of the aggregate of marks obtainable. The honor standing of each candidate shall be determined by the marks obtained on both his honor and his pass papers, and the names of honor matriculants shall be arranged alphabetically in each department. Notice by Candidates'. 36. (I). Every person who purposes to present himself at the Primary or Junior or Senior Leaving Examination, or the Matriculation Examinations. 371 Matriculation Examination shall send to the Inspector within whose inspectoral division he intends to write, not later than the 24th of May preceding, a notice stating the class of cer- tificate for which he is a candidate, and what optional subject or subjects he has selected. Such notice shall be accompanied by a fee of $5. (2). In the case of those candidates who apply for examina- tion in one or two subjects only, for the purpose of completing a course for pass matriculation into any University or Learned Profession, a fee of $2 shall be charged, $1 of which shall be sent to the Department. (3). Where a High School is situated in a city or town constituting a separate inspectoral division, the Inspector of such city or town shall be responsible for the conduct of the examination held thereat, and shall receive applications from intending candidates, and report to the Department ; but in all other cases the County Inspector shall be responsible and shall receive the necessary applications. Duties of Inspector and Presiding Examiners. 37. The following shall be the duties of Inspectors and Presiding Examiners : (i). When the Inspector is unable to preside at the examina- tion, or where more examinations than one are held in his inspectorate, he shall appoint, one month before the examina- tion, subject to the approval of the Minister of Education, a Presiding Examiner who shall be a teacher in active service (competent to select the plants for the Primary Botany Examination); otherwise the Minister will make the appoint- ment. When more rooms than one are required for the candidates, an Examiner (who shall be a teacher in actual service) approved by the Minister, shall be appointed by the Inspector for each room. The Presiding Examiner shall indicate, in his report to the Department, the candidates who were placed in the several rooms respectively, and shall also 372 Matriculation Examinations. send a diagram of the rooms on the form provided, showin/:;: the position occupied by each candidate and Presiding Examiner during the examination. (2). The Inspector shall not appoint, as Presiding Examiner, an}' teacher employed in a school from which there is any candidate at such examination, or any person who has taken part in the instruction of any of the candidates; nor shall any person, except the Examiners, be present with the candidates, in any room at such examination ; and, at least, one Examiner shall be present during the whole time of the examination in each room occupied by the candidates. (3). Every Inspector shall send to the Education Depart- ment, not later than the 25th of May, a list of the candidates with $3 of the fee of each, the other $2 being sent on the same date to the Treasurer of the High or the Public School Board, as the case may be. (4). Each Inspector, or such other person as may be appointed by the Minister, shall himself, in person, receive from the Department, or the Inspector, the examination papers, and shall thereupon be responsible for the safe keeping of the parcel containing the same, unopened, until the morning of the first day of the examination. (5). No Presiding Examiner shall admit any candidate, either as an additional candidate, or in the place of an absent one, whose notice has not been duly given to the Department ; no candidate who, in his notice to the Department, elects to take any specific optional subject, will be allowed to substitute any other, and no candidate who has given notice to the Department of his intention to be examined at a specified place, will be allowed to appear for examination elsewhere. (6). The Inspector or Presiding Examiner shall transmit to- the Education Department, on the first day of the examination, a copy of the following declaration, signed by himself and the Matriculation Examinations, 373 other Examiners, (but such declaration shall not be required more than once from any Examiner) : — " I solemnly declare that I will perform my duty of Examiner, without fear, favor, affection or partiality towards any candidate." (7). Places shall be allotted to the candidates so that they may be at least five feet apart. All diagrams or maps having reference to the subjects of examination shall be removed from the room ; all arrangements shall be completed, and the necessary stationery distributed at least fifteen minutes before the time appointed for the commencement of the examination. (8). Punctually at the time appointed for the commencement of each examination, the Presiding Examiner shall, in the examination room and in the presence of the candidates and other Examiners (if any), break the seal of the envelope con- taining the examination papers, and give them to the other Examiners and the candidates. The papers of only one subject shall be opened at one time. (g). Should any candidate be detected in talking or whisper- ing, or in copying from another, or allowing another to copy from him, or in having in his possession, when in the room, any book, notes, or anything from which he might derive assistance in the examination, it shall be the duty of the Examiner, if he obtain clear evidence of the fact at the time of its occurrence, to cause such candidate at once to leave the room ; nor shall such candidate be permitted to enter during the remaining part of the examination, and his name shall be struck off the list. If, however, the evidence be not clear at the time, or be obtained after the conclusion of the examina- tion, the Examiner shall report the case to the Department. (10). Punctually at the expiration of the time allowed, the Examiner shall direct the candidates to stop writing, and cause them to hand in their answer papers immediately, duly fastened in the envelopes. (11). The Examiner shall keep upon his desk the certified list of the candidates, and as each paper in any subject is 374 Matriculation Examinations. handed in, he shall check the same by entering the figure " I " opposite the name of the candidate, on the form pro- vided. After the papers are handed in the Examiner shall not allow any alterations to be made in them, and he shall be responsible for their safe keeping until transmitted to the Education Department, or placed in the hands of the Presiding Examiner. (12). The Presiding Examiner, at the close of the examina- tion on the last day, shall secure in a separate parcel the fastened envelopes of each candidate, and on the same day shall forward by express (prepaid), or deliver to the Education Department the package containing all the parcels thus- separately secured. The papers are to be arranged in the alphabetical order of the surnames of the candidates. The. Inspector or Presiding Examiner shall, at the same time, sign- and fonvard a solemn declaration that the examinations have been held and conducted in strict conformity with the regula- tions, and fairly and properly in every respect ; and also a certificate that he has been satisfied as to the personal identity of each candidate. (13). At the Primary Examination in Botany the Presiding- Examiner shall himself provide the specimens to be submitted to the candidates, in accordance with sealed instructions from the Education Department. (14). Two plants will be submitted to candidates at both examinations, one for examination and one for classification. The former shall belong to one of the prescribed orders, but shall not be one of those fully described in the High School Botany; and in the classification of the other, candidates shall be allowed to use the text-book. (15). Specimens of the plant— one for each twenty candi- dates, and each enclosed in a separate envelope — shall be sent by the Presiding Examiner to the Education Department with. the answer papers in Botany. Matriculation Examinations. 375 (16). At the Senior Leaving and Honor Matriculation Examinations, " slides " will be sent from the Education Department with specimens for examination and classification, and the Presiding Examiner is required to arrange that each candidate ma}- have the use of a compound microscope for at least twenty minutes during the examination in Botany and in Zoolog}-. Duties of Candidates. 38. The following shall be the duties of candidates : — (i». Each candidate shall satisfy the Presiding Examiner as to his personal identity before the commencement of the second dav's examination, and any person detected in attempt- ing to personate a candidate shall be reponed to the Depart- ment. (2). Candidates shall be in their allotted places before the hour appointed for the commencement of the examination - If a candidate be not present till after the appointed time, he shall not be allowed any additional time. No candidate shall be permitted, on any pretence whatever, to enter the room after the expiration of an hour from the commencement of the examination. (3). No candidate shall leave the room within one hour after the distribution of the examination papers in any subject ; and if he then leave he shall not be permitted to return during the examination on such subject. (4). Ever}- candidate shall conduct himself in strict accord- ance with the regulations. Should he give or receive any aid or extraneous assistance of any kind, in answering the examination questions, or if he leaves his answers exposed so that any candidate may copy from him he will forfeit any certificate he may have obtained. Should the candidate have failed at the examination he shall be debarred for two years from writing at any Departmental examination. (5). Ever}- candidate shall write the subject of examination ver}' distinctly at the top of each page of his answer papers. 376 Matriculation Examinations. in the middle. If a candidate writes his name or initials, or any distinguishing sign or mark on his answer papers, by which his identity might be disclosed the}' will be cancelled. (6). Candidates, in preparing their answers, shall write on one side only of each sheet, and shall mark the sheets in each subject in the order of the questions, as ist, 2nd, 3rd, etc.; and on the last sheet shall write distinctly the total number of sheets enclosed in the envelope, fold them once across, place them in the envelope provided by the Department, write on the outside of the envelope the subject of examination only, and on the slip provided, his name in full (surname preceding), and then securely fasten the slip to the envelope, as instructed by the Presiding Examiner. (7). Each candidate at the Botany Examinations shall pro- vide himself with a drawing pencil, a hand-lens, and a sharp knife. (8). Each candidate at the examination in Zoology shall provide himself with a pocket-lens and dissecting instruments, namely, one pair of forceps, one pair of fine scissors, one scalpel, and a couple of strong needles. Remuneration of Inspector and Presiding Examiners. 39. (ij. The Treasurer of the High School Board, on the certificate of the Public School Inspector, shall pay all the expenses of the examination, including the sum of four dollars a day and actual travelling expenses, for the Inspector and Presiding Examiners. (2). If an examination is held at a Public School, the Treasurer of the Public School Board, shall, upon the order of the Inspector, pay all the expenses of the examination. Specialists' Certificates. 40. (i). Candidates at the non-professional examination for a Commercial Specialist's Certificate will be examined in July of each year at the Education Department, Toronto ; Specialists' CiiRTiFicATEs. 377 candidates for all other Specialists' Certificates, in May of each year at the University of Toronto. (2). Every person desiring to present himself at the examination for a specialist's certificate shall notify the Education Department on or before the ist of April in each year; such notice to be accompanied by a fee of $5 for each examination, with a statement showing the optional course selected, (3). The examinations for Specialists' Certificates and the Senior Leaving Certificate may be taken in any order the candidate selects, but the Specialist's Certificate shall not be granted until he has passed the examination prescribed for the Senior Leaving Certificate. The subjects prescribed for Specialists' Certificates in the departments of English and History, Mathematics, Classics, French and German, and Science, shall be taken at one or two examinations; and those for a Specialist's Certificate in the Commercial Department, at one examination. (4). The standard for a Specialist's Certificate shall be one-third of the marks obtainable in each paper, and sixty- seven per cent, of the total of the marks obtainable in the papers on the prescribed subjects. (5). The course of study for the examination in each of the following departments shall be in accordance with the cur- riculum of Toronto University, as follows : (a) English and History.— The honor English course of the first and second years, and the pass courses in English and History of the four years. (6) Mathematics. — The pass and honor courses in Mathe- matics and Physics of the first and second years. (c) Classics. — The pass and honor courses in Classics of the first and second years. {d) French and German. — The pass courses in French and 378 University Equivalents. German of the four years, with the honor examination in conversation of the third year. (e) Science. — Either the honor course in Natural Science of the second year with the Physics of the second and third years of the Chemistry and Mineralogy course ; or the honor course in Chemistry and Mineralogy of the second year with the Physics of the third year of the same course and the Biology of the second year of the Natural Science course. (6). The course of study for a certificate as a Commercial Specialist shall be as follows : — Precis of correspondence,. Departmental papers, etc.; indexing of invoices, receipts, cor- respondence, and legal documents. Penmanship and the principles of Penmanship ; Practical Bookkeeping in all its branches — particularly the Bookkeeping of Joint Stock Com- panies, Loan and Savings' Societies, Manufacturing Industries, and Municipalities, auditing of Books and Accounts. The Banking s}'stem of the country and its relation to commerce; annuities and exchange. The " corresponding style " of Isaac Pitman's system of Phonography ; writing from dicta- tion. The course prescribed for the Art School examination in Freehand ; Industrial; Primary and Advanced Geometry; Parallel, Angular and Oblique Perspective ; Model, Black- board, and Memory Drawing. University Equivalents. 41. (i). The standing of the fourth year in Arts after a regular course in any chartered University in the British Dominions will be accepted in lieu of the Senior Leaving Examination. (2). The examination of any University in the Province of Ontario will be accepted by the Education Department for a Speciahst's Certificate on the following conditions : — («) Candidates shall take the regular University examina- tions : no special or supplemental examinations will be accepted. Appeals. 379 (6) Each candidate shall submit to the Education Depart- ment, with his application, a copy of the time-table of each examination, and of the examination papers on which he wrote, both being certified by the Registrar of the University; a confidential statement from the Registrar of the University, of the marks obtained by the candidate on each paper, and of such other marks as may have been awarded him at each oral or practical examination. (c) Should the standard set by the University be higher or lower than the Departmental standard, the Education Depart- ment shall value the papers as it may consider necessary. Appeals. 42. Candidates may claim to have their papers re-read upon the following conditions : — (i). The appeal or claim must be in the hands of the Minister of Education on or before the 15th day of September; and the ground of the appeal must be specifically stated. No appeal shall subsequently be entertained on any ground what- ever. No appeal shall be allowed in the case of a candidate for a Specialist's Non-professional Certificate. (2). A deposit of two dollars must be made with the Department, which deposit will be returned to the candidate if his appeal or claim is sustained. IV.— PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EXAMINATIONS. 43. Professional certificates shall be classed as Kinder- garten Directors' and Assistants' certificates ; Third Class, Second Class, First Class, Specialists', and High School Assistants' certificates; and certificates to Principals of High Schools and to Public School Inspectors. 380 Kindergartens. Kindergartens. 44. (i). No person shall be appointed to take charge of a Kindergarten in which assistant teachers or teachers-in- training are employed, who has not passed the examination prescribed for Director of Kindergartens; and no person shall be paid a salary or allowance for teaching under a Director who has not passed the examination prescribed for assistant teachers. (2). No candidate shall be admitted to the course of train- ing prescribed for assistants who is not seventeen years of age and who has not passed the High School Entrance Examina- tion ; and, after the first day of Jul}', 1892, no person shall be admitted to the course prescribed for Directors unless such person has obtained an Assistant's certificate. (3). Any person who attends a Kindergarten for one year and passes the examinations prescribed by the Education Department shall be entitled to an Assistant's certificate ; and the holder of an Assistant's certificate shall, on attending a Provincial Kindergarten one year and on passing the pre- scribed examinations, be entitled to a Director's certificate. (4). Any person holding a Second Class Certificate, who has taught successfully for one year, shall, on attending a Provin- cial Kindergarten one year and passing the examinations required by the Education Department, obtain a Director's certificate. (5). Any candidate for an Assistant Kindergarten certificate who failed in one subject, but who attained the aggregate number of marks required, shall be permitted to write for a Director's certificate. (6). The Minister of Education may, at his discretion, accept the certificate of any other training school for Kinder- garten work, as the equivalent of the Departmental Kinder- garten Examinations, or he may limit Kindergarten certificates to any city or town, as he may deem expedient. City and County Model Schools. 381 Examinations. 45. (i). The Minister of Education shall prescribe the time and place for Kinderj^'^arten Examinations, and shall appoint such Examiners in the Theory and Practice of Kin- dergarten work as he may deem expedient. The examination for Directors shall embrace the General Principles of Froebel's System, 150 marks ; Theory and Practice of the Gifts and Occupations, 100 marks; Muter and Kose-Lieder, 100 marks; Miscellaneous Paper, 100 marks ; Practical Teaching, 500 marks ; and Book-work for those taking one year's course, 400 marks. The examination for Assistants shall embrace the Theory and Practice of the Gifts, two papers ; Theory and Practice of the Occupations, one paper ; Miscellaneous Paper ; each paper 100 marks ; Book-work, 400 marks. (2). The Director of each Kindergarten sending up candi- dates to the examination for Assistants' certificates shall be required to certify to the Education Department that the Pease-work and Modelling have been satisfactorily completed. (3). Candidates who obtain one-third of the marks in each subject of the written examination and half of the total marks obtainable, and half of the marks in Practical Teaching and Book-work, shall be entitled to a certificate. City and County Model Schools. 46. The examination for Third Class Certificates shall be conducted by the County Board of Examiners, which shall have authority to elect its own chairman and secretary. No Principal of a County Model School shall be a member of the County Board of Examiners, The secretary shall be paid such remuneration as ma3^ be approved by the County Council. Establishment. 47. (i). The Board of Examiners for any county may, with the approval of the Education Department, set apart any Public School to be a County Model School for the professional training of Third Class teachers on the following conditions: — The board of examiners are obliged to establish at least one Model School in each 382 City and County Model Schools. county, subject to such regulations as to their establishment as the Education Depart- ment may make. The board has no discretion. See ante, p. 197. {a) The Principal shall hold a First Class Provincial Cer- tificate issued by the Education Department, and shall have had at least three years' experience as a Public School teacher. (6) There shall be not fewer than three assistants holding at least Second Class Provincial Certificates. (c) The equipment of the school shall be equal to that required by the Regulations for the Fourth form of a Public School. {d) A room for Model School purposes, in addition to the accommodation required for the Public School, shall be pro- vided either in the same building or equally convenient. (e) The Principal shall be relieved of all Public School duties, except management, during the Model School term. (2). The County Board of Examiners shall distribute the teachers-in-training among the different Model Schools, where more schools than one are established in a county ; and, in cases where there may be a deficiency of room in any Model School, the Board shall give the preference of admission to such as have obtained the highest number of marks at the non-professional examination. (3). The Board of Trustees for any city may, with the approval of the Minister of Education, establish a Model School for the training of teachers who are residents of such city ; and in all cases such teachers-in-training shall, during the first term, take the course of studies prescribed for Model Schools and be subject to a similar inspection and examination. The board of trustees are not, like the county board of examiners, obliged to establish a Model School, but may do so in their discretion. See ante, p. 149. (4). Boards of Trustees may impose a fee of not more than five dollars on each teacher-in-training, and in addition thereto thu County Council may impose a fee on each teacher-in- training not exceeding two dollars as an examination fee in City and County Model Schools. 383 lieu of the amount chargeable against the county for conduct- ing the professional examination. Duties of Teachers-in-Trainin"-. 48. (i). Only persons holding at least a High School Primary Certificate shall be admitted to a County Model School, and applications for admission, stating age last birth- day and choice of school, if any, shall be received by the In- spector not later than the 25th of August ; but no person shall be admitted who will not be eighteen years of age on or before the close of the term. (2). The teachers-in-training shall attend regularly and punctually from the first day of September till the final examination in December, and shall be subject to the dis- cipline of the Principal, with an appeal, in case of dispute, to the Chairman of the County Board of Examiners. (3). The teachers-in-training shall make no presentation to anv member of the Model School staff. Course of Study and Text-Books. 49. The Course of Study in County Model Schools shall embrace the following:— A course in School Organization and Management, based on Baldwin's Art of School Management (Canadian Edition), and Methods of Instruction in all the subjects prescribed for Forms I. -IV. of the Public Schools ; such practice in teaching as will cultivate correct methods of presenting subjects to a class and develop the art of school government ; a course in Temperance and Hygiene, based on the Manual of Hygiene for Normal and Model Schools, omit- ting chapters I., VII., VIII., IX., and XVI.; a knowledge of the School Law and Regulations, so far as they relate to the duties of Public School teachers and pupils ; Music, as pre- scribed for Forms I. -IV. of the Public Schools; Drill and Calisthenics, as contained in Houghton's Physical Culture. 384 City and County Model Schools. Examinations. 50. (i). The teachers-in-training shall be subjected to an examination in Practical Teaching during the last week of the session, and also to a written examination on papers prepared by Examiners appointed b}' the Minister of Education, the results of which, on the percentage fixed by the County Board of Examiners, and the report of the Principal on the standing of each student as shown by the register, shall determine their final standing. (2). At the final examination each teacher-in-training shall teach two lessons, of twenty minutes each, one of which shall be assigned the day before, and the other forty minutes before, it is to be taught. These lessons shall be assigned by the Presiding Examiner, shall be appraised by different Examiners, and shall not be taught in the same form nor in the same subject. (3). At the close of the examination the Chairman of the Board shall forward to the Education Department a full report of the examination on the form provided, and shall also forward the written answers of the candidates in all subjects, with the values awarded by the Examiners to the several answers marked on the margin. 51. The final examination of each County Model School shall be conducted by the County Board of Examiners on the following subjects and in accordance with the following schedule of marks: — Methods of Instruction, 250 marks; Theory of Education, 150 marks; Temperance and Hygiene, School Law and Regulations, Music, Drill and Calisthenics, 50 marks each ; Teaching ability, 500 marks — 250 by the Board and 250 by the Principal (report based on the practical work done in the Public School and the sessional answer papers on professional work). In the first four subjects, papers will be submitted by the Education Department. In Music, and Drill and Calisthenics the Board shall accept the results of an examination held by the Principal, or shall conduct a Third Class Certificates. 385 special examination, as it may deem expedient. The Board shall have power to reject any candidate who may show him- self deficient in scholarship. Third Class Certificates. 52c (i). When a Third Class Certificate has expired, the holder thereof may, on passing the High School Primary Examination or an examination of a higher grade, and on proof of good character and of efficiency as a teacher, obtain from the Board of Examiners of the county in which he has last taught, a renewal of the same for a period not exceeding three years, at the discretion of the Board. A third-class certificate is only valid in the province for three years from the date it is granted. Attte, p. 193. (2). Where the holder of an expired Third Class Certificate, though failing in one or more subjects, obtains the aggregate marks required at the Primary Examination or Junior Leaving Examination, the Board of Examiners may, if satisfied with the efficiency and aptitude of such candidate as a teacher, renew such Third Class Certificate for a period not exceeding three years. (3). Where a teacher, on account of illness or any other reason satisfactory to the Board of Examiners, was prevented from teaching on his certificate for the full time of its duration, the Board may extend, by endorsement, such certificate for a period not exceeding the time such teacher was unable to avail himself of his certificate. (4). In case of an emergency, such as a scarcity of teachers, or for any other special cause, Third Class Certificates may be extended by the Minister of Education, on the joint request of any Board of Trustees and the Public School Inspector; but all such extensions shall be limited to the school on whose behalf the request is made, and shall be granted only where it is shown that trustees have used reasonable diligence to obtain a duly qualified teacher. 25 386 District Training Schools, (5). Third Class Certificates may, on the petition of an\ Board of Trustees, be extended by the Minister of Education during good behavior on satisfactory evidence being supplied : — {a) That the applicant has taught for a period of ten years ; (b) That he has shown reasonable ability and efficiency as a teacher ; (c) That he is physically competent for the duties of the profession. District Training Schools. Establishment. 53. (i). The Minister of Education may set apart not more than two schools in each of the Districts of Thunder Bay, Algoma, Parry Sound and Nipissing as training schools for candidates for Public School District Certificates. (2). No school shall rank as a District Training School except upon the following conditions : — (a) The Principal shall hold at least a First Class Provincial Certificate, (6) There shall be in addition to the Principal two other teachers on the staff, one of whom shall hold a Second Class Provincial Certificate. (c) There shall be an attendance of not less than ten candi- dates preparing for the examination at the close of the next ensuing summer term of the school, and the course of study shall be limited to the subjects prescribed for the Fifth form of Public Schools. (d) The accommodations and equipment of the school shall be approved by the Minister of Education. Boards of Examiners and Examinations. 54. (i ). The Boards of Examiners constituted under sec- tion 142 of The Public Schools Act, may issue certificates, valid only in such portions of their respective district or districts District Training Schools. 387 as they may deem expedient, for a period not exceeding three years. These certificates, which are of the third class, are valid only in the Districts of Rainy River, Thunder Bay, Nipissing, Algoma, Parry Sound, Muskoka and Ilali- burton ; and in the counties of Victoria, Peterborough, Hastings, Renfrew, Lennox, and Addington, Frontenac, Leeds, Lanark, Carleton, (Irenvillo, Dundas, Stormont, Russell, Glengarry, and Prescott. Ante, p. 193. In the above districts, each board consists of the inspector, the district judge, and the stipendiary magistrate ; and, in the above counties, of the county board of examiners. Ante, p. 193. (2). The Board of Examiners shall prepare the examination papers or determine their equivalents ; fix the time and place for examinations, and read and value the answers ; determine the fees to be paid by candidates ; and generally exercise all the powers of County Boards of Examiners. (3). Each Board of Examiners shall, as soon after the examination as possible, report to the Minister of Education the names and residences of the candidates examined, the number of certificates granted, and enclose therewith a full set of the examination papers. (4). The Board of Examiners may require attendance at a County Model School or such other professional training as may be deemed expedient, or may, without re-examination, extend a certificate for the District for a period not exceeding three years. (5). The members of District Boards of Examiners shall be entitled to the same remuneration as the members of County Boards, where the two Boards are identical. In all other cases the members of District Boards shall be allowed the sum of $3 per diem for presiding at the examination, and a further sum of $1 per candidate for reading the answer papers. Where county organization exists, all the expenses of the examina- tions, so far as they may not be covered by fees, shall be paid by the County Council. The members of county boards are entitled to the sum of $4 per diem and travelling expenses. Ante, p. 197. 388 Training of French and German Teachers. Training of French and German Teachers. 55. In counties where there is a scarcity of teachers quali- fied to teach in the EngHsh language, the Board of Examiners for the county, with the approval of the Education Department, may establish a Model School for the special training of French or German teachers. Such schools shall hold two sessions each year, and shall in addition to the ordinary professional course required for County Model Schools, give a full literary course in English in all the subjects prescribed for Third Class Teachers' Certificates or for District Certificates, as the Board may direct. The final examination for certificates to teach shall be conducted in the English language. There shall also be a final examination in the French or the German language, in reading, grammar, and composition. Boards of Examiners shall possess all the powers with respect to such schools as they now possess with respect to County Model Schools. The Regulations governing the inspection of County Model Schools by the County and Departmental Inspector shall apply to these schools. Provincial Normal Schools. 56. The sessions of the Provincial Normal Schools shall begin and end on dates to be fixed by the Minister of Educa- tion. 57. (i). Teachers who hold at least a High School Junior Leaving Certificate, and who have passed the final examination of the County Model School and taught successfully for one year, shall be admitted to a Normal School, and on passing the examinations prescribed shall be awarded a Second Class Cer- tificate. Teachers-in-training who fail on the written exami- nation only, may be granted a temporary certificate by the Minister of Education until the next ensuing examination of the Normal School. (2). Teachers-in-training whohave passed the Junior Leaving Examination or the examination of a higher grade, who obtain a Third Class Certificate at a City Model School, and who Provincial Normal Schools. 389 continue under the instruction of the Principal for one full school term thereafter, shall be admitted to a Provincial Normal School. (3). Before being permanently admitted, teachers-in-train- ing shall be examined at the opening of the session orally and in writing by the Normal School masters, with such assistance as the Minister of Education may think necessary, upon the following works : — Hopkins' Outline Study of Man ; the first seven lectures. Quick's Educational Reformers (International Educational Series, i8go Edition); the first sixteen chapters. Fitch's Lectures on Teaching ; the first five lectures. (4). Teachers-in-training shall each pay an entrance fee of $5.00. Duties of Principals and Masters. 58. (i). The Principal shall be responsible for the discipline and organization of the Normal School students ; he shall prescribe the duties of the Masters, subject to the approval of '. the Minister of Education ; he shall cause such sessional j examinations to be held as he may deem necessary, and shall i keep a record of the same ; he shall give such directions to the : officers of the Normal School as will secure the efficiency of ' the service. 1 (2). The Masters shall be responsible to the Principal for the i discipline and general progress of their classes; they shall -report monthly to the Principal the standing of each teacher- lin-training in the subjects of their departments, and daily, the [absence of any student from their classes. Duties of Teachers-in-T raining. (i). Teachers-in-training shall lodge and board at such houses only as are approved by the Principal. Ladies and gentlemen shall not board at the same house. Communication between the sexes is strictly prohibited, except by permission of the Principal or one of the Masters. (2). Teachers-in-training shall attend regularl}' and punctually 390 Provinxial Normal Schools. throughout the session, and shall submit to such discipline and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Principal. (3). The teachers-in-training shall make no presentation to any member of the staffs of the Normal or the Model Schools. Course of Study and Text-Books. 59. {i). The course of study and training shall be as follows : — History of Education ; Science of Education ; School Organization and Management ; Methods of teaching each subject on the programme of studies for Public Schools ; practice in managing classes and in teaching in the Model School ; instruction in Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Drawing, Music, Drill and Calisthenics, and such other subjects as may be prescribed by the Minister of Education. (2). In addition to the books prescribed for Forms I. -IV., of Public Schools, the following are authorized for Normal Schools : — McLellan's Applied Psychology, Fitch's Lectures on Teaching, Manual of Hygiene, Houghton's Physical Culture, Quick's Educational Reformers (International Educational Series, i8go Edition). Examinations. 60. (i). Teachers-in-training shall take the following examinations -.—{a) At least two written examinations con- ducted by the staff of each Normal School on the work of the session ; (b) a final written examination conducted by the staffs of the Normal Schools and Examiners appointed by the Minister of Education, in the History of Education, the Science of Education, School Organization and Management, and Methods of Teaching ; (c) a final examination in Practical Teaching, conducted by Examiners appointed by the Minister; and (d) a final examination in Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Drawing, Music, Drill and Calisthenics, conducted by the staff of each Normal School, unless otherwise ordered by the Minister of Education. Provincial Normal Schools. 391 (2). Tlie following schedule of marks shall be the basis for determining the standing of each teacher-in-training: History of Education, 150; Science of Education, 200; School Organization and Management, 150; Methods in English, and Mathematics and Natural Science, 200 each ; Teaching ability on the report of the staff of each Normal School (estimate based on the practical work done in the Model School and the Sessional Examination papers on professional work), 500 ; Practical examination in the Model School (estimate made by Examiners appointed by the Minister), 200 ; Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Drawing, Music, and Drill and Calisthenics, 50 each. (3). Teachers-in-training who have passed the Sessional Examinations shall be entitled to certificates on obtaining (a) one-half of the marks at the final Practical Examination in the Model School ; (b) one-third of the marks in each subject at the final Written Examination conducted by the staffs of the Normal Schools and Examiners appointed by the Minister; (c) one-half of the marks for teaching ability, on report of the staff of each Normal School ; {d) one-half of the aggregate marks given under (a) {b) and (c) ; and (e) one-third of the marks in each subject at the final examination in Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Drawing, Music, and Drill and Calisthenics, with one-half of the aggregate marks in these subjects. Any candidate who obtains fifty per cent, in each subject and seventy per cent, of the aggregate shall be entitled to a certificate with honors. The Examiners shall have power to reject any candidate who may show him- self deficient in scholarship. Instructions to Examiners. 61. At the final examination in Practical Teaching, the Examiners shall be guided by the following instructions :— (i). The Presiding Examiner appointed by the Minister of Education shall, on consultation with the Principal of the Normal School, arrange a time-table for the examination; and 392 Provincial Normal Schools. shall, on consultation with the teachers of the Model School, assign the lessons to the students who are to teach before the Examiners. Both lessons shall not be assigned in the same form or in the same subject, and no lesson shall be assigned more than once in any class. (2). The subject of the first lesson shall be given by the Presiding Examiner to the teacher-in-training the day before, and the subject of the second lesson forty minutes before, the lesson is to be taught. (3). After a lesson has been assigned, no hint or assistance of any kind shall be given to a teacher-in-training by any Examiner, or teacher on the staff of the Normal or the Model School. (4). The full time of twenty minutes shall be given to each lesson taught by a teacher-in-training. (5). The lessons taught by a teacher-in-training shall be appraised by different Exammers. (6). Not more than six lessons shall be taught before an Examiner in the forenoon, and not more than four in the afternoon. (7). The regular hours for assembling and dismissing the Model School divisions shall be strictly adhered to. (8). Unless absolutely necessary, the regular teacher in charge ^f the form should not be present during the examina- tion of the teachers-in-training in practical teaching. (g). In practical teaching, the Examiners shall assign the marks according to the aptitude and efficiency of each teacher-in-training, and in all doubtful cases they shall in writing also set forth in detail their opinion of the qualifica- tions of the teachers-in-training. (10). After a lesson has been taught, no information or opinion shall be given to the candidate as to his standing or marks. All reports in connection with the examination shall be considered by the Examiners as strictly confidential, and Provincial Model Schools. 393 no certificate shall be given to any of the teachers-in-training by any of the Examiners or mennbers of the Normal or Model School staffs. (11). Immediately after the close of the examination each Presiding Examiner shall send to the Education Department a return of the practical examinations in the prescribed form. (12). If, from any unforeseen cause, the Regulations of the Department are varied in any particular case, the Presiding Examiner shall report such variation fully to the Minister of Education at the close of the examination. Provincial Model Schools. 62. (i). The Principal and Head Mistress of each Model School shall act under the direction of the Principal of the Normal School to which the Model School is attached, and shall be responsible to him for the order, discipline, and progress of the pupils attending the boys' and girls' Model Schools respectively. (2). The terms of the Model Schools shall correspond to those in High Schools, and, except to fill up vacancies, pupils shall be admitted only at the beginning of a term. The hours of daily work shall be from 9.30 a.m. to 12. m., and from 1.30 P.M. to 3.30 P.M. (3). The Regulations respecting pupils in Public Schools shall apply to the pupils of the Model School, subject to such modifications as may be approved by the Minister of Educa- tion on the report of the Principal of the Model School. (4). All teachers on the Normal or Model School staff who may be out of the city during any vacation shall return to duty not later than the day before the reopening of the school. General. 63. (i). The session of the Provincial School of Pedagogy shall begin on the first of October and end on the thirty-first 394 General. of May. Application for admission to the school shall be made to the Minister of Education on or before the first of September. (2). Teachers-in-training, on admission to the School, and other candidates, on admission to the final written examination, shall each pay a fee of $10.00. The fee must in every case accompany the application. 64. (i). A candidate for admission to the School of Peda- gogy nnist show that he is (a) the holder of a Senior Leaving Certificate, or that he is an undergraduate of the standing of the fourth year, or that he is the holder of a Degree in Arts, obtained after a regular course, from a University in the British Dominions ; and (6) that he will be twenty-one years of age before the close of the session. (2). {a) The following classes of persons, being twenty-one years of age, shall be eligible without attendance at the School of Pedagogy, for admission to the final examination of the School or to a special examination for such persons in Decem- ber of each year : — Holders of Second Class Certificates who hold the non-professional qualification prescribed in 64 (i) above, and who have taught successfully for two years in a Public School ; and holders of First Class Certificates or High School Assistants' Certificates. (6) A candidate at the non-professional examination for specialists in any year, who holds a High School Assistant's Certificate and has taught a department in a High School, may, on the recommendation of the High School Inspectors, write upon the professional papers in such department at the final examination of the School of Pedagogy in the same year. (3). The following certificates for Public School purposes may be awarded to candidates who pass the prescribed examinations of the School of Pedagogy : — (a) Inspectors' certificates to teachers with First Class Cer- tificates, who have passed the written examination in methods prescribed for specialists, and have the non-professional General. 395 qualifications required for specialists in any except the com- mercial department, or a Degree in Arts from the University of Toronto with first-class graduation honors in any one of the recognized departments in said University, or an equivalent standing in any other University of Ontario ; and who have had at least five years' successful experience in teaching, at least three of which shall have been in a Public School. (b) First Class Certificates to those who have had at least two years' successful experience in a Public School, as certified by the Public School Inspector or Inspectors under whom they have taught. (c) Second Class Certificates to those who have not had the experience required in (b) above. (4). The following certificates for High School purposes may be awarded to candidates who pass the prescribed examina- tions of the School of Pedagogy : — (a) Interim Specialists' certificates. (6) Interim Assistants' certificates. (5). {a) The holder of an Interim certificate may be awarded a full certificate of the same grade after at least two years' successful experience, subsequent to the date of his certificate, and as certified by the High School Inspector or Inspectors under whom they have taught. (6) High School Principals' certificates may be awarded to University graduates in Arts who have had at least three years' successful experience, at least two of which shall have been in a High School, as certified by the Inspector or In- spectors under whom they have taught. (c) The holders of Second Class Certificates obtained as in (3) (c) above, may be awarded First Class Certificates after at least two years' successful experience in a Public School, as certified by the Public School Inspector or Inspectors under whom they have taught. (6). The holders of First Class Certificates or of Public School 396 Duties of Staff. Inspectors' certificates, granted under the regulations requiring Specialists' certificates, may receive, on application to the Minister, Interim High School Assistants' or Specialists' certificates, as the case may be. Duties of Staff. 65. (i). The Principal shall be the chief instructor in the theoretical and critical course, and shall be responsible for the organization and management of the school. He shall have charge of the teachers-in-training and determine the hours for instruction, observation, and practical teaching. He shall prescribe the duties of the staff and shall from time to time be present at their instructions, and at the practice-teaching of the teachers-in-training. He shall, with the assistance of his staff, furnish the Minister of Education with a statement in the prescribed form, of the standing of each teacher-in- training at the close of the session and with copies of all the sessional examination papers. (2). Each Lecturer shall develop systematically the best method of dealing with each branch of his department in the various stages of a pupil's progress, and shall, as far as pos- sible, explain and justify his methods on scientific principles, giving model lessons for classes in different stages of advance- ment. He shall also criticize the practice-teaching of the teachers-in-training, and shall keep a record of the standing of each teacher-in-training. (3). No certificate or testimonial shall be given to any teacher-in-training or other candidate at the final examination, by any of the Examiners or members of the staff of the School of Pedagogy. Duties of Teachers-in-Training. 66. (i). Teachers-in-training shall lodge and board at such houses only as are approved by the Principal. Ladies and gentlemen shall not board at the same house. Com- Courses of Study and Text-Books. 397 munication between the sexes is strictly prohibited, except by permission of the Principal or one of his staff. (2). Teachers-in training shall attend regularly and punc- tually throughout the session, and shall submit to such dis- cipline and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Principal. Each teacher-in-training shall take the lectures and practice-teaching in all the subjects required for his final examination. (3). The teachers-in-training shall present no address or similar mark of approbation to any member of the staff of the School of Pedagogy. Courses of Study and Text-Books. 67. (i). The course of study and training shall be as follows : Psychology, the history and criticism of Educational systems, the Science of Education, lectures with practical illustrations of the best methods of teaching each subject on the programme of studies for High Schools, lectures on School Organization and Management, Observation and Practice- teaching; instruction in Reading, Physiology and Temperance, Writing, Drawing, and Stenography ; Drill, Gymnastics and Calisthenics for male teachers ; and Drill and Calisthenics for female teachers; and such other subjects as may be prescribed bv the Minister of Education. (2). In addition to the text-books prescribed for Collegiate Institutes and High Schools, the following are authorized for the School of Pedagogy : Quick's Essays on Educational Reformers (International Educational Series, 1890 Edition), McLellan's Applied Psychology, Spencer's Education, Lan- -don's School Management, Fitch's Lectures on Teaching, Manual of Hygiene ; Infantry Drill as revised by Her Majesty's command (ed. 1892)— for male teachers, Parts I. and II., and, for female teachers. Part I., pp. 1-31 ; for male and female teachers, Houghton's Physical Culture (omitting Squad Drill) ; and, for male teachers, MacLaren's Physical Educa- tion, Part II., Sections II. and III. 398 Courses of Study and Text-Books. (3). The following are recommended for reference : Mahaffy's Old Greek Education, Compayre's History of Pedagogy, Gill's Systems of Education, Radestock's Habit in Education, Dewey's Psychology, Sully's Teachers' Handbook of Psy- chology (Appleton), Ladd's Outlines of Physiological Psychology. 68. (i). During the session the teachers-in-training shall be required to take at least two written examinations, one in December and the other in March, to be conducted by the staff of the school on the work of the session. They shall also take such oral examinations from time to time as may be pre- scribed for the purpose of testing their knowledge of methods and their teaching ability. The maximum of marks in each subject used by the staff for the combined results of the oral and written examinations, and the number of papers at each written examination shall be the same as those prescribed for the final written examination. No teacher shall be recom- mended for a certificate against whom the staff reports unfavorably on account of defective teaching ability. (2). At the close of the session a written examination shall be conducted by Examiners appointed by the Minister of Education. At this examination all candidates shall be required to write on Psychology, Science of Education, History of Education, School Organization and Management, Methods in Mathematics, and Methods in English. Candidates who have University qualifications shall take in addition. Methods in Latin and in Science (subjects covered by non-professional certificate) and Methods either in Greek or in French and German. Holders of Senior Leaving Certificates, obtained on Departmental examinations, shall take methods in Science, (subjects covered by non-professional certificate) or Classics, or French and German, in addition to the compulsory subjects above mentioned. Candidates for a Commercial Specialist's Certificate shall also be examined in Methods in the Commer- cial subjects at the time they take the non-professional exami- nation. The Report of the Special Instructors in Reading, Courses of Study and Text-Books. 399 and Drill, Gymnastics, and Calisthenics will be accepted, unless otherwise ordered by the Minister of Education. (3). (a) In order to obtain a certificate, every teacher-in- training shall make at least one-third of the marks in each subject at the sessional (oral and written) and the final examinations taken together, and one-half of the aggregate of these examinations. For Specialists' Certificates, the standard shall be two-thirds of the marks in the candidate's special department. (b) Candidates who are exempt from attendance shall take the final written examination, and an examination in Reading and, for male teachers, in Drill, Gymnastics and Calisthenics, and, for female teachers, in Drill and Calisthenics. In Reading, and in Drill, Gymnastics, and Calisthenics, the standard shall be 50 per cent, on each subject ; and in the other subjects and in the total, the standard shall be the same as for teachers-in- training. (c) Any candidate who obtains fifty per cent, in each subject and seventy per cent, of the aggregate, shall be entitled to a certificate with honors. The Examiners shall have power to reject any candidate who may show himself deficient in scholarship. (4). The schedule of marks for determining the standing of candidates at the sessional and final examination shall be as follows: — Psychology, 200; Science of Education, 200; His- tory of Education, 150 ; School Organization and Manage- ment, 150; Methods in English and Mathematics, 150 each ; Methods in Science, Classics, and French and German, 100 each ; and Reading, and Drill, Gymnastics and Calisthenics, 100 each. 69. The regulations herein contained shall apply to all candidates entering the School of Pedagogy at the next session in October, and Regulations 63 to 71 and 72 (i) and (5) approved 400 Instructions to Examiners. by Minute of the Education Department 14th July, 1892, are hereby repealed on and after ist January, 1894. 70. (i)- -f^t Collegiate Institutes to be selected by the Minister, candidates who are exempt from attendance at the School of Pedagogy, shall pass the final written examination in December of the School of Pedagogy, and an examination in Reading, and in Drill, Gymnastics and Calisthenics, con- ducted by Examiners appointed by the Mmister. They shall also pass the June Examination in Practical Teaching. (2). The results of the examinations of such teachers shall be determined on the same basis as that prescribed for teachers- in-training, omitting the marks for Teaching ability. The whole of this section is repealed on and after ist January, 1894. See ante, D.K., s. 69. Instructions to Examiners. 71. The Examiners at the practical examination shall be guided by the following instructions : — (i). Each candidate shall teach at least three lessons of thirty minutes each, and the full time of thirty minutes shall be allowed by the Examiner for each lesson. (2). The subjects of the lessons assigned shall be such as are suitable for High School pupils, or for pupils of the Fifth form of the Public Schools, due regard being had to the char- acter of the candidate's non-professional certificate. No lesson shall be assigned more than once in any class. (3). One of the three lessons shall be in the department of English, and one in the department of Mathematics. The subject of the third lesson shall be determined by the depart- ment covered by the candidate's non-professional certificate : in the case of candidates who hold University non-professional qualifications, it shall be in one of the following departments: {a) Latin and Greek, and (6) Latin, French and German; and in the case of other candidates, it shall be in one of the following departments: (a) Latin and Greek, (6) French and Instructions to Examiners. 401 German, and (c) Physics, Botany and Chemistry, and in Zoology (in the case of Senior Leaving Certificates obtained in July, i8go, and thereafter), (4). For a candidate for a Specialist's Certificate, subjects shall be assigned in his specialty of a more difficult character than would be assigned for a pass candidate ; and, if this department be not one of those in which he would be assigned a lesson in the ordinary course of the examination, the Pre- siding Examiner may substitute one or more in the Specialist's department for any one of the three regular lessons. (5). The Examiners appointed by the Minister of Education will present themselves at the Schools to which they are respectively assigned, on the afternoon of the day preceding the practical examination. (6). The Presiding Examiner shall arrange a time-table for the examination, and shall, on consultation with the other Examiners, select the lessons for the candidates. (7). The time-table shall be posted in a suitable place on the afternoon of the day preceding the practical examination, and shall indicate the hours at which, the forms in which, and the Examiners before whom, the candidate is to teach his three lessons. (8). The subject of one of the lessons shall be given the candidate by the Presiding Examiner the day before, and the subjects of the other lessons one hour before the time he is required to teach ; and in the case of each of the three lessons, it shall be the duty of the candidate to apply to the Examiner for the subject at the proper time. (9). After a lesson has been assigned, no hint or assistance of any kind shall be given to a candidate by any Examiner or Collegiate Institute master. (10). The candidate shall teach before at least two Ex- aminers, one of whom shall be the Presiding Examiner. (11). In practical teaching, the Examiners shall assign the 26 402 Certificates. marks according to the aptitude and efficiency of each teacher- in-training, and in all doubtful cases they shall in writing also set forth in detail their opinion of the qualifications of the teachers-in-training. (12). Immediately after the close of the examination each Presiding Examiner shall send to the Education Department, a return of the practical examination in the prescribed form. (13). After a lesson has been taught, no information or opinion shall be given to the candidate as to his standing or marks. All reports in connection with the examinations shall be regarded by the Examiners as strictly confidential. (14). If, from any unforeseen cause, the Regulations of the Education Department are varied in any particular, the Presiding Examiner shall report such variation fully to the Minister at the close of the examination. (15). Regulations 63 to 71, formerly adopted with regard to the School of Pedagogy, are hereby repealed. Sections 70 and 71 are repealed on and after ist January, 1894. See section 69. High School Principals' and Assistants' and Public School Inspectors' Certificates. 72. (i). The professional qualification of a Principal of a High School shall be at least two years' successful teaching in a High School or Collegiate Institute. This sub-section is repealed on and after 1st January, 1894. See section 69. (2). Special teachers of Music, Drawing, and Drill, Gym- nastics and Calisthenics shall possess qualifications satisfactory to the Minister of Education. (3). Teachers of ten years' experience, who are now in charge of the Commercial Course in High Schools or Col- legiate Institutes and who have taught all the subjects of the course herein prescribed for a certificate as Commercial Specialist and obtained therein First-class grading on inspection, before the first day of July, 1891, shall be entitled Teachers' Institutes. ^03 to certificates in the Commercial Department without examina- tion. All other teachers now in charge of the Commercial Course in Collegiate Institutes shall be regarded as legally qualified specialists in the Commercial Department so long as they retain their present positions. (4). If, after due advertisement, a High School Board is unable to obtain a legally qualified High School Assistant, a permit may be granted by the Minister of Education for the then current half year to a suitable applicant on a statement of the case by the High School Board, submitted to the Minister before such appointment. (5). The qualifications for a Public School Inspector's Cer- tificate shall be (a) five years' successful experience as a teacher, of which at least three years shall have been in a Public School ; and (b) a Specialist's Certificate obtained on a University examination, or a Degree in Arts from the Univer- sity of Toronto with first class graduation honors in one or more of the recognized departments in said University, or an equivalent standing in any other University of Ontario, with a certificate of having passed the final examination of the Provincial School of Pedagogy. This sub-section is repealed on and after ist January, 1894. See section 69. Teachers' Institutes. 73. (i). The officers of a Teachers' Institute shall be a president, vice-president and secretary-treasurer. There shall be a management committee of five. The officers of the Institute and the management committee shall be elected annually. (2). There shall be one meeting of the Institute each year, extending over two or more days, for the election of officers and the discussion of such matters as may be submitted by the management committee. (3). The first day's session shall be from 10 a.m. to 12 m., and from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m.; on the second da}' from g a.m. to 404 Teachers' Institutes. 12 m., and from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. A copy of the programme shall be sent to every teacher in the county or inspectoral division, at least one month before the time of the meeting. All questions and discussions foreign to the Teachers' work shall be avoided. (4). A portion of the afternoon of the second day should be set apart for discussing such matters as affect the relations between the Teacher and the Trustees, of which special notice should be given by the Secretary to every Board of Trustees in the county or inspectoral division. The actual travelling expenses of one representative from each Board of Trustees mav be allowed by the Board for attendance in all such cases. (5). Every Public School teacher shall attend continuously all the sessions of the Institute of his county or inspectoral division, and, in the event of his inability to attend, shall report to his Inspector, giving reasons for his absence. (6). The Inspector shall furnish the Secretary of the In- stitute with a list of the teachers in his county or inspectoral division. From this list the roll shall be called at the opening of each session. He shall also report to the Department on the form prescribed. (7). Any teacher who has been elected a delegate, by the association of his county or inspectoral division, to the Pro- vincial Teachers' Association shall be at liberty to attend the meeting of such association for any time not exceeding one week each year, providing always he shall report to the Trustees such attendance, certified by the Secretary of said Provincial Association. v.— INSPECTION. County Public Schools. 74. It shall be the duty of every County Inspector: — (i). To spend at least half a day each term in each school. Where a school has several departments, the Inspector should devote County Public Schools. 405 half a day to each department. When, however, from the character of the work done, an Inspector thinks it would be in the interest of the school to extend his visit over the whole day, he should do so. (2). To satisfy himself as to the progress made by the pupils from iime to time. This cannot be done without many memoranda of the standing of each class. It will therefore be necessary for the Inspector to make copious notes in regard to each recitation, showing the condition of each class and the proficiency attained in the several subjects of the curriculum. This part of the work should be thorough and searching; and the conclusions arrived at should be based on the Inspector's •own observation. (3). To examine into the methods of instruction pursued by the teacher. To do this the Inspector should require the teacher of the school to teach several lessons in his presence. In this way the teacher's methods can be observed and hints given for I improvement should he evince any faults of method or of manner. Great attention should be paid to methods ; the proper and logical presentation of a subject is so important j that success is impossible without it. He should see that the prescribed time for instruction in Temperance and Hygiene is observed. (4). To teach a few model lessons himself. The proper methods -of teaching subjects that are found to be neglected or badly taught by the teacher should be exemplified by the Inspector. I Here all the . qualities which go to form the niodel teacher should be exercised. His methods of questioning and of receiving answers, of arousing the enthusiasm of the class, of securing attention, of reaching by apt illustration the judgment of the pupils, should serve the teacher both as a model and as a stimulus. (5). To ascertain the nature of the discipline exercised by the teacher. This no doubt will appear from the attention and ■diligence of the pupils, without special enquiry. The manner 4o6 County Public Schools. of the teacher will very soon indicate the nature of the discipline. It would be well, nevertheless, to ascertain whether corporal punishment is frequently resorted to, and if not, what are the punishments (if any) usually inflicted. (6). To examine the registers, maps, seats, and all the internal and external equipment of the schoolhouse. He should see {a) that the register and class book are properly and neatly kept, and ascer- tain whether or not entries are made therein daily ; (6) that the maps are suitable and well preserved; (c) that blackboards are in proper repair, and that crayons and brushes are fully supplied ; {d) that the furniture is generally adequate ; {e) that proper attention is paid to the heating and ventilation of the rooms ; (/) that the fences and outhouses are in proper repair ; {g) that the School Library is suitably cared for. (7). To report to Trustees in regard to such matters as require their attention. This duty the Inspector should never neglect. The Trustees of a school expect to be informed and directed as to many matters coming under the cognizance of the Inspector, who is, in a certain sense, their officer, and is appointed for the very purpose of aiding them in the discharge of their duties. His report, therefore, on the school should be full. Every necessary change coming within the scope of the duties of the Trustees should be mentioned in detail; and in no case should the school grant be withheld, until they have had an opportunity of removing any defect to which their attention has been called. (8). To give such advice to teachers as may be deemed necessary. This part of the Inspector's duty should be performed with tact and delicacy, and perfect frankness. Whatever defects in the teacher's manner, or in his discipline of the pupils, or methods of instruction, are discovered during the inspection of the school, should be plainly pointed out. Wherever the Inspector has reason to believe that there is any defect in the organization of the school, or in its classification, or in atten- tion on the part of the pupils, it should be referred to, and County Public Schools. 407 the proper remedy suggested. This, of course, should be done privately — not in the presence of the pupils. (g). To see that no unauthorized text-hooks are used in the school. No text-books should be placed in the hands of the pupils, except those authorized for their use. Under the disguise of being books for "home study," many unauthorized text-books are introduced into the school. This should be prevented by the Inspector in the exercise of his authority as an officer of the Education Department. (10). To withhold the school grant in certain cases. Before the school grant is withheld : {a) An opportunity should be afforded the Board of Trustees to remedy the wrong complained of. (6) A full statement of the case should be sent to the Depart- ment, and the consent of the Minister of Education obtained. As the grant can be withheld for any violation of the School Act or Departmental Regulations, the power thus conferred should be exercised judiciously, and only when other remedies fail. (11). To divide the school grants. Care should be taken to see that the semi-annual returns of the Boards of Trustees are properly added up, and if any doubt exists as to their accuracy they should be compared with the school register. When the division of the grant is made, as required by law, it will be sufficient for the Inspector to send a statement to the Town- ship Treasurer of the amount due each school section, and at the same time to notify the Secretary-Treasurer of each Board of Trustees of the amount due its section. The Board of Trustees can then give an order either to the teacher or to some other person to whom it desires to have the money paid, and on this order the Township Treasurer is authorized to pay the money. (12). To decide complaints made within twenty days in regard to the election of Trustees and other matters. In discharging this duty the Inspector should remember that he is exercising judicial functions and should accordingly proceed with due 4o8 County Public Schools. deliberation. He has a right to withhold his decision until such evidence is produced as he may deem necessary in regard to the question at issue. (13). To grant, on examination, temporary certificates. These certificates should be granted only (a) when petitioned for by a Board of Trustees, and only for the school over which such Board has jurisdiction; and {h) until the date of the next ensuing Departmental Examination ; and (c) when it appears that a teacher holding a regular certificate is not available. The consent of the Minister of Education is also necessary in every case. (14). To suspend a teacher's certificate. This should be done only when the Inspector is fully satisfied that the teacher is incompetent or immoral, or has wilfully violated the School Law or the Regulations of the Educational Department. In the final investigation by which such suspension is to be con- firmed or set aside, the fullest opportunity should be afforded the teacher to vindicate himself. Judicial fairness should in this instance also characterize the conduct of the Inspector. (15). To visit the County Model School at least twice in each term. It is very desirable that the Inspector should be present at the opening of the Model School and assist the Principal in its organization. He should also visit the school during the term, and by his presence and counsel encourage the teachers-in- training in the pursuit of their studies. For two such visits he should be paid by the county council at the same rate as he is paid for Public School Inspection. (16). To examine carefully in English every pupil according to the course of studies prescribed for Public Schools ; but he shall be at liberty to use his own discretion as to what expla- nations he will give in any other language that appears to be better known by the pupil. The standard of efficiency recog- nized in Public Schools where the English language only is taught shall be the standard for French and German schools, reasonable allowance being made for pupils whose mother City and Town Public Schools. 409 tongue is French or German. The Inspector shall report at once to the Education Department any school in which the regulations respecting the study and use of English are disre- garded by the teacher or trustees. As to the statutory duties of county inspectors, see section 155 of The Public Schools Act, iSgr, and suV)-seclions thereof, atite, pp. 203-208. City and Town Public Schools. 75. Inspectors in cities and towns shall perform similar duties as County Inspectors so far as practicable, and shall in addition perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Trustees. In cities with more Inspectors than one, each Inspector may be required to report separately to the Education Department. See section 156 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, ante, p. 209. Separate Schools. 76. Inspectors of Separate Schools shall perform the like •duties as Inspectors of Public Schools, and shall, with regard to Separate Schools, have, so far as the same is practicable, like power and authority as Public School Inspectors have with regard to Public Schools. Model Schools. 77. The Inspector of Model Schools shall visit each Model School at least once in two years, and shall devote a full day to the examination of the teachers-in-training, and the inspec- tion of the departments used for Model School purposes, and shall report annually to the Minister of Education on the standing of each Model School and all other matters affecting the efficiency of the schools. Normal Schools. 78. The Inspector of Normal Schools shall visit each Normal School at least once in each year, and shall spend not less than four weeks in the inspection of the work of each 410 Powers of Inspectors. Normal and M : ~ :hool and shall report annually to the Minister of Education with regard to the efficiency of the schools and the standing of each teacher of the staff and all other matters affecting the interests of the schools. High Schools. 79. ^^i). Each High 'School Inspector shall visit the High Schools and CoUegiate Institutes in the section of the Province assigned to him, at least once in each year : and shall spend not less than one day in each school having two or three masters, and such additional time in a school with four or over four masters as the interests of the school may require. (2). At each visit he shall ascertain the character of the teaching in the different departments of study ; and shall make enquiry and examination, in such manner as he may think proper, into the efficiency of the staff, the accommodation and equipment of the school, and all matters affecting the health and comfort of the pupils. He shall also report any violation of The High Schools Act or the Regulations of the Education Department in reference to High Schools, after making such enquiry as he may think proper. C3). He shall report to the Minister of Education, within one week after his inspection, the result of his observations and enquiry in a form prescribed for that purpose. Powers of Inspectors. 80. The Inspector, while officially visiting a school, shall have supreme authority in the school, and may direct teachers and pupils in regard to any or all of the exercises of the school- room. He may either examine the classes himself or direct the teachers to do so. He is at liberty to give such advice to pupils or to the teacher as he may deem necessary. All his counsels, however, should be given in a spirit of kindness, and his authority should be exercised, not with a view to overawe or intimidate, but to reform abuses, correct mistakes, and inspire confidence and respect. He should be courteous and Religious Exercises. 411 considerate, and when reproof is necessary it should be tem- pered with gentleness and sympathy. VI.— MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS. Religious Exercises. As to the statutory enactments respecting religious instruction, see ante, p. 25. 81. (i). Every Public and High School shall be opened with the Lord's Prayer and closed with the reading of the Scriptures and the Lord's Prayer, or the prayer authorized by the Department of Education. (2). The Scriptures shall be read daily and systematically without comment or explanation, and the portions used may be taken from the book of selections adopted by the Depart- ment for that purpose, or from the Bible, as the Trustees, by resolution, may direct. (3). Trustees may also order the reading of the Bible or the authorized Scripture Selections by both pupils and teachers at the opening and closing of the school, and the repeating of the Ten Commandments at least once a week. (4). No pupil shall be required to take part in any religious exercise objected to by his parents or guardians, and in order to the observance of this regulation, the teacher, before com- mencing a religious exercise, is to allow a short interval to elapse, during which the children of Roman Catholics, and of others who have signified their objection, may retire. (5). If in virtue of the right to be absent from the religious exercises, any pupil does not enter the schoolroom till fifteen minutes after the proper time for opening the school in the forenoon, such absence shall not be treated as an offence against the rules of the school. (6). When a teacher claims to have conscientious scruples 412 Grants to Schools in New and Poor Townships. in regard to opening or closing the school as herein prescribed, he shall notify the Trustees to that effect in writing; and it shall be the duty of the Trustees to make such provision in the premises as they may deem expedient. (7). The clergy of any denomination, or their authorized representatives, shall have the right to give religious instruc- tion to the pupils of their own church, in each schoolhouse, at least once a week, after the hour of closing the school in the afternoon ; and if the clergy of more than one denomination apply to give religious instruction in the same schoolhouse, the Board of Trustees shall decide on what day of the week the schoolhouse shall be at the disposal of the clergymen of each denomination, at the time above stated. But it shall be lawful for the Board of Trustees and clergymen of any denomination to agree upon any hour of the day at which a clergyman, or his authorized representative, may give religious instruction to the pupils of his own church, provided it be not during the regular hours of the school. Emblems of a denominational character shall not be exhibited in a Public School during regular school hours. GRANTS to schools IN NEW AND POOR TOWNSHIPS. 82. All sums of mone}'^ appropriated by the Legislative Assembl)' in aid of schools in new and poor townships, will be ■distributed by the Minister of Education, subject to the fol- lowing conditions : — (i). That a school section with definite boundaries has been set apart by the Township Council, having jurisdiction, or, where no municipal organization exists, by the Stipendiary Magistrate, or by him and the Public School Inspector, if any, under the authority of The Public Schools Act, 1891. (2). That Trustees have been duly elected for such section. (3). That a building and other suitable accommodation for the school have been provided by the Trustees. Text-Books. ^13^ (4). That a teacher holding a vaHd certificate has been employed by the Trustees for at least six months of the year. (5). That the half-yearly and yearly reports in the prescribed forms have been sent in to the Inspector, at the time specified, and certified by him as satisfactory. (6). That the assessed value of the section and the financial condition of the ratepayers are such as to render additional aid absolutely necessary. (7). That in townships with municipal organization the grant made by the Minister of Education shall not exceed the special grant made by the township or county, except in such cases as are reported exceptional by the Inspector. (8). That nothing in these Regulations shall be construed as establishing the claim of any school upon the Poor School Fund beyond the discretion of the Minister of Education. TEXT-BOOKS. 83. (i). No book shall be authorized as a text-book in any Public School until the copyright thereof has been vested in the Education Department. (2). Every text-book for Public or High Schools printed and published in Canada, shall be subject, at any stage of its manufacture, to the inspection and approval of the Department in regard to printing, binding and paper; in case of using any book not published in Canada, the English edition shall be preferred to any other. (3). A sample copy of every edition of every authorized book shall be deposited in the Education Department by the publisher, and no edition of any book shall be considered as approved without a certificate from the Minister of Education approving thereof. (4). Every authorized book shall bear the imprint of the publisher, and shall show upon the cover or title page the authorized retail price, and no part of the book shall be used 414 Text-Books. for advertising purposes, without the v/ritten consent of the Department. (5). The Education Department may require the pubhsher of any text-book to make such alterations from time to time as may be deemed expedient ; but no alterations in contents, typography, binding, paper, or any other material respect, shall, in any case, be made by the publisher, without the con- sent of the Education Department. (6). Every publisher of an authorized text-book shall, before placing any edition of such authorized book upon the market, execute such agreements and give such security for the due fulfilment of these Regulations, as may be required by the Education Department. (7). All authorized text-books may be published by any firm or publishers in Ontario on the payment to the original pub- lishers of such sum or sums of money as may be agreed upon between the publishers concerned and the Minister of Educa- tion respectively. (8). The Minister of Education may, at his discretion, after making full enquiry into the cost of manufacture, reduce the retail price of any authorized text-book ; he may also remove such book from the list of authorized text-books, if the pub- lisher fails to comply with the Regulations of the Education Department, or if it be considered to be in the public interest so to do. (9). In case the Education Department shall at any time recommend any books as aids to the teacher for private reference or study, it is to be distinctly understood that such books are not to be used as text-books by the pupils, and any teacher who permits such books, or any other book not authorized as a text-book for the Public Schools, to be used as such, shall be liable to such penalties as are imposed by the School Act. As to the use and change of authorized text-books, and the substitution of unauthorized text-books, see ante, p. 220, et seq. Superannuated Teachers' Fund. 415 superannuated teachers' fund. 84. (i). In order to be entitled to any portion of the Legislative Appropriation for Superannuated Teachers every Teacher of a High, Public or Separate School, and every Inspector, must have contributed $4 annually to the Super- annuation Fund during the whole time of his professional service, or have paid all arrears before ist July, 1886.. See section 162 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi, ante, p. 213. (2). Should a subscriber neglect to pay his contribution before the 31st December in any year the payment to be made shall then be $5. (3). In the case of Inspectors, or Local Superintendents, who are now Inspectors, services as an Inspector shall be considered equivalent to services as a Teacher, (4). In the case of Teachers or Inspectors under sixty years of age proof of disability must be furnished annually to the Department, The retiring allowance shall be withdrawn whenever the disability ceases, and the recipient shall annually present himself to the Inspector, in order that he may report thereon to the Minister. See section 165 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, ante, p. 215. (5). Teachers or Inspectors, sixty years of age, are entitled to superannuation, provided the regulations aforementioned regarding payment and arrears have been complied with, with- out proof of disability. In all cases evidence of good moral character is required. (6). Payments on account of superannuation commence with the year following that in which applications were approved by the Education Department. GENERAL DIRECTIONS TO TRUSTEES. School Meetings. 85. (i). The notice calling an annual or special meeting should be signed by the Secretary by direction of the trustees, 4i6 General Directions to Trustees. or by a majority of the trustees themselves. The corporate seal need not be attached to it. (2). Anv ratepayer may call the meeting to order as soon as the hour appointed arrives, and nominate a chairman. 86. The business of all school meetings shall be conducted according to the following rules of order : — (i). Addressing Chairman. — Every elector shall rise previously to speaking, and address himself to the chairman. (2). Order of speaking. — When two or more electors rise at once, the chairman shall name the elector who shall speak first, when the other elector or electors shall next have the right to address the meeting in the order named by the chairman. (3). Motion to be read. — Any elector may require the question or motion under discussion to be read for his information at any time, but not so as to interrupt an elector who may be speaking. (4). Speaking twice. — No elector shall speak more than twice on the same question or amendment without leave of the meeting, except in explanation of something which may have been misunderstood, or until every one choosing to speak shall have spoken. (5). Protest. — No protest against an election, or other proceed- ings of the school meeting, shall be received by the chairman. All protests must be sent to the Inspector within twenty days at least after the meeting. (6). Adjournment. — A motion to adjourn a school meeting- shall always be in order, provided that no second motion to the same effect shall be made until after some intermediate proceedings shall have been had. (7). Motion to be in writing and seconded. — A motion cannot be put from the chair, or debated, unless the same be seconded. General Directions to Trustees. 417 If required by the chairman, all motions must be reduced to writing. (8). Withdrawal of a motion. — After a motion has been announced or read by the chairman, it shall be deemed to be in possession of the meeting; but may be withdrawn at any time before decision, by the consent of the meeting. (9). Kind of motions to be received. — When a motion is under debate no other motion shall be received, unless to amend it, or to postpone it, or for adjournment. (10). Order of putting motion. — All questions shall be put in the order in which they move. Amendments shall all be put before the main motion; the last amendment first, and so on. (11). Reconsidering motion. — A motion to reconsider a vote .may be made by any elector at the same meeting; but no vote •of reconsideration shall be taken more than once on the same •question at the same meeting. 87. (i). At the end of every annual or special meeting the chairman should sign the minutes, and send forthwith to the Inspector a copy of the same signed by himself and the Secretary. (2). Every Trustee declared elected by the Chairman of the ■school meeting is a legal Trustee until his election is set aside by proper authority. 88. The seal of the school corporation should not be affixed to letters or notices, but only to contracts, agreements, deeds, or other papers, which are designed to bind the Trustees as a corporation for the payment of money, or the performance of any specified act, duty or thing. Care of School Property. 89. (i). The Board of Trustees should appoint one of its own number or some responsible person to look after petty repairs, such as repairing fences, outhouses, walks, windows, seats, blackboards, and stoves. 27 4i8 General Directions to Trustees. (2). No Public Schoolhouse or school plot (unless otherwise provided for in the deed), or any building, furniture, or other thing pertaining thereto, shall be used or occupied for any other than Public School purposes, without the express per- mission of the Board of Trustees, acting as a corporation. (3), Provision should be made by every school corporation for scrubbing and sweeping the schoolhouse regularly, for whitewashing walls and ceilings at least ar nually during the summer holidays, and for making fires one hour before the time for opening school, from the first of November until the first of May in each year. Arbor Day. 90. The first Friday in May shall be set apart by the Board of Trustees of every rural school and incorporated village for the purpose of planting shade trees, making flower beds and otherwise improving and beautifying the school grounds. Fire Drill. 91. In every schoolhouse consisting of more than one story the pupils shall be regularly trained in the fire drill, in order to prevent accidents from the alarm of fire. 92. All former Regulations whatsoever of the Education Department are hereby repealed on and after the 31st Decem- ber, 1 89 1. TEXT-BOOKS AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, HIGH SCHOOLS, AND. TRAINING SCHOOLS. 1. The text-books named in schedules " A," " B," and " C " shall be the authorized text-book for the Public Schools, for Forms I., II. and III. of Collegiate Institutes and High Schools, and for the Training Schools respectively, of the Province of Ontario. 2. The text-books in French and German mentioned in schedule " A " are authorized only for Schools where the French or German language prevails, and where the Trustees, with the approval of the Inspector, require French or German to be taught in addition to English. 3. The text-books prescribed or required for senior matricu- lation or for the courses in Form IV. of High Schools and Collegiate Institutes may be used in addition to those men- tioned herein. 4. The text-books in schedules " B " and " D " used in any school on the ist July, 1893, and recommended by resolution of the trustees to be continued in use, shall be deemed as authorized in such school until further notice. 5. For religious instructions, either the Sacred Scriptures or the Scripture Readings adopted by the Education Depart- ment, shall be used by teachers and pupils as prescribed b)- the Regulations of the Education Department. 420 Authorized Text-Books. Public Schools. (Schedule A.) First Reader, Part I $o lo First Reader, Part II o 15 Second Reader o 25 Third Reader o 35 Fourth Reader o 45 High School Reader o 60 Pubhc School Arithmetic o 25 Public School Algebra and Euclid o 25 Public School Geography o 75 Public School Grammar o 25 Public School History of England and Canada.... o 30 Public School Drawing Course — each number o 05 Public School Physiology and Temperance o 25 Public School Agriculture o 40 Public School Writing Course — (after July, 1894, five cents) o 06 French-English Readers. First Reader, Part I $0 10 First Reader, Part II o 15 Second Reader o 25 Third Reader o 35 Les Grandes Inventions Modernes o 50 Robert's French Grammar o 25 German-English Readers. Ahn's First German Book |o 25 Second " " o 45 Third " " o 45 Fourth '' " o 50 " First German Reader o 50 Klotz's German Grammar o 60 Authorized Text-Books. 421 Collegiate Institutes and High Schools, (SchedulI': B.) English. High School Reader $0 60 High School English Grammar o 75 High School Composition o 50 High School Geography i 00 High School History of England and Canada o 65 Schmitz's History of Greece and Rome o 75 Mathematics. High School Arithmetic $0 60 High School Algebra o 75 Elements of Algebra (McLellan) o 75 High School Euclid (McKay), Books L, H., HI., 50 cents) 75 Classics. First Latin Book (Henderson & Fletcher) $1 00 Primary Latin Book (Carruthers & Robertson).... i 00 Bradley's Arnold's Latin Prose i 50 Goodwin's Greek Grammar i 25 Harkness' First Greek Book o 90 Moderns. High School French Grammar $0 75 High School French Reader o 50 High School German Grammar o 75 High School German Reader o 50 Lessons in French, complete (Fasquelles-Sykes)... o 75 Science. High School Physics $1 00 High School Botany i 00 High School Chemistry o 75 422 Authorized Text-Books. Bookkeeping and Drawing. High School Bookkeeping $o 65 High School Drawing Course (new series) o 10 Training Schools. (Schedule C.) Baldwin's Art of School Management (Canadian Edition) $0 75 Hopkins' Outline Study of Man i 25 Fitch's Lectures on Teaching i 00 Quick's Educational Reformers, Edition 1890 i 25 McLellan's Applied Psychology i 00 Spencer's Education o 50 Landon's School Management i 50 Manual of Hygiene o 50 Houghton's Physical Culture o 50 Infantry Drill as revised by Her Majesty's Command (ed. 1892) o 40 MacLaren's Physical Education, Part H.: Sections II. and III 2 00 First Year at School (Sinclair) o 50 (Schedule D.) High School English Word Book $0 50 Ayres and Armstrong's Orthoepist o ^j Mason's Advanced English Grammar o 75 Ayres and Armstrong's Verbalist o 35 Public School History of England and Canada (old series) o 35 Green's Short History of the English People i 50 Edith Thompson's History of England o 65 Jeffer's History of Canada (Primer) o' 30 Campbell's Modern School Geography o 75 Pillan's First Steps in Classical Geography o 40 Hamblin Smith's Arithmetic o 60 Todhunter's Euclid (Books I., n. and III., 40 cents), o 75 Curtius's Smaller Greek Grammar i 00 Authorized Text-Books. 423 White's First Lesson in Greek $1 00 Allan and Greenough's Latin Grammar i 00 Harkness' Introductory Latin Book, Revised Standard o 50 Harkness' Latin Grammar i 00 Leighton's First Steps in Latin i 00 De Fivas' Grammaires des Grammaires o 75 Bu^s' First French Book o 25 De Fivas' Introductory French Reader o 60 Aue's German Grammar i 00 Huxley's Introductory — Science Primer Series o 30 Balfour Stew^art's Physics o 30 The Standard Bookkeeping and Precis Writing.... o 65 McGuirl's Prospective and Geometrical Drawing... o 40 Public School Music Reader o 40 High School Music Reader o 75 Canadian Drawing Course (old series) o 06 Temperance and Hygiene (old edition) o 25 '^m Sec. I. AN ACT RESPECTING THE USE OF TOBACCO BY MINORS. 5^ Victoria^ Chapter §2. [Assefited to i^th A-pril^ i8g2. TIER MAJESTY, by and with the advice ^ -^ and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, enacts as follows: — Supplying 1, Any person who either directly or indirectly Tobacco to \ '■ ... . i • i persons under sells or ^ivcs, or lumisnes to a minor under eie^nteen eighteen years " . . . of age. years of age, Cigarettes, Cigars, or Tobacco in any form, shall, on summary conviction thereof before a Penalty. Justice of the Peace, be subject to a penalty of not less than $10, or more than $50, with or without costs of prosecution, or to imprisonment, with or without hard labor, for any term not exceeding thirty days, or to both fine with or without costs and imprisonment to the said amount and for the said term, in the discretion of the convicting Magistrate. And in case of a fine, or a fine and costs being awarded, and of the same not being upon conviction forthwith paid, the Justice may commit the offender to the Common Gaol, there to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding thirty days, unless the fine and costs are sooner paid. Use of Tobacco by Minors. 425 2. This Act shall not apply to a sale to the minor Secs^ 3, 4. for his parent or guardian under a written request or ^rchas^'for order of the parent or guardian. fua?dian'. 3. A person who shall appear to the Magistrate P'"esumption aa to be under eighteen years of age, shall be presumed to be under that age unless it is shown by evidence that he is in fact over that age. 4. This Act shall go into affect on the ist day ofcommencement ° •'of Act. July, 1892. , ./^^,„ Sec. I. Ax Act respecting Summary Convictions BEFORE Justices of the Peace and Appeals to General Sessions. R.S.O., 1887, Chapter 74. Procedure before Justices, ss. 1-3. Except in appeals, to be ac- cording to the practice under the Acts of Canada, from time to time in force, ss. i, 2. Costs, s. 2. Appeals from Justices to General Sessions, ss. 4-8. In case of Amendment of Acts of Canada, when Amended Acts to Apply, ss. 8, 9. HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows: — PROCEDURE BEFORE JUSTICES. Procedure be- 1. (i). Where a penalty or punishment is imposed at" to^be^the undcr the authority of any statute of the Province Dominion Acts of Ontario, or of any other statute or law in force respecting pro- • r^ . • 1 i • • 1 • i 1 • cedure in sum- m Ontario, and relatmg to matters withm the legis- inary convic- ,. ,. rir-i /-it-.- tions. lative authority of the Legislature of the Province, and is recoverable before, or may be inflicted by, a Justice of the Peace, or a Police or Stipendiary Magistrate, the like proceedings, and no other, shall and may be had for recovering the penalty, compel- ling the attendance of the parties or witnesses, hearing the complaint, and for the conduct of the Court, the taking and estreating of recognizances, Procedure before Justices. 427 and the infliction of the punishment, and otherwise Sees, i, 2. in respect thereof, and the convicting^ Justice, or PoHce or Stipendiary Magistrate, shall perform the like duties in respect thereto, and in respect of any conviction or order made by him or them by virtue of such statute, as, under the statutes of the Dominion of Canada then in force, might be had and should be performed, if the penalty or punish- ment had been imposed by a statute of Canada unless in any Act hereafter passed imposing the penalty or punishment, it is otherwise declared. (2). Nothing in this section contained shall confer Procedure on 1 -1 1 • 1 r • 1 appeals not upon any person who considers hmiself aggrieved affected. by a conviction or order made by any Justice, or Police or Stipendiary Magistrate, the right of appealing to the General Sessions of the Peace, or shall affect procedure on appeals. 2. (i). In all cases of summary conviction, or of Mag's'ra'e may ^ _ •' order defendant orders made by a Justice of the Peace, Police '» pay costs. Magistrate, or Stipendiary Magistrate under this Act, the Justice, Police Magistrate or Stipendiary Magistrate may, in his discretion, award and order, in and by the conviction or order, that the defendant shall pay to the prosecutor or complainant, such costs as to the said Justice, Police Magistrate or Stipendiary Magistrate seems reasonable in that behalf, the same not being inconsistent with the fees established by law to be taken on proceedings had by and before Justices of the Peace. (2). In cases where the Justice or Police Magis- ^[asis|[^a^t|^^^ay trate or Stipendiary Magistrate, instead of convicting '<"" to pay costs, or making any order, dismisses the information or complaint, he may, in his discretion, in and by the order of dismissal, award and order that the prose- cutor or complainant shall pay to the defendant 428 Procedure before Justices. Recovery of costs with penalty. Sees. 2, 3, 4. such costs as to the said Justice, or PoHce Magis- trate or Stipendiary Magistrate, seems reasonable and are consistent with the law. (3). The sums so allowed for costs shall be specified in the conviction or order, and shall be recoverable in the same manner and under the same warrants as a penalty adjudged to be paid by conviction or order is recovered. (4). Where there is no penalty to be recovered, such costs shall be recoverable only by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the party. Recovery of costs where no penalty. Convictions and 3, jhe Clerk of the Peace for the county shall be recognizances J miued"rcierk^^^ proper officer to whom shall be transmitted of the Peace, couvictious to be filed, and recognizances in respect of which proceedings require to be taken at the General Sessions of the Peace. Appeal from convictions to the General Sessions. APPEALS TO GENERAL SESSIONS. 4. Any party who considers himself aggrieved by a conviction or order made by a Justice of the Peace, or by a Police or Stipendiary Magistrate, under the authority of any statute in force m Ontario, and relating to matters within the legisla- tive authority of the Legislature of Ontario, may, unless it is otherwise provided by the particular Act under which the conviction or order is made, appeal therefrom to the General Sessions of the Peace. Practice and proceedings on appeal. 5. In case an appeal lies to the Court of General Sessions of the Peace from a conviction or order made, as aforesaid, under the authority of a statute of the Legislature of Ontario or other statute or law in force in the Province of Ontario, and relating to matters within the legislative authority of the said Appeals to Sessions. 429 Legislature, the practice and proceedings on the Sees. 5, 6, 7. appeal and preliminary thereto, and otherwise in respect thereof, save as is herein otherwise expressed, shall be the same as the practice and proceedings under the statutes of the Dominion of Canada then in force, on an appeal to the General Sessions of the Peace from a conviction before a Justice of the Peace, made under the authority of a statute of Canada; except that either of the parties to the Evidence on 'I r ^ appeal. appeal may call witnesses and adduce evidence in addition to the witnesses called, and evidence adduced at the original hearing. 6. (i). Where an appeal lies to the General Notice of ^ ^ ' appeal. Sessions of the Peace from a conviction or order made by a Justice of the Peace, or by a Police or Stipendiary Magistrate, under the authority of any statute in force in Ontario, and relating to matters within the legislative authority of the Legislature of Ontario, the notice of appeal may be given within ten days after the conviction or order. (2). If the conviction or order is made more than fourteen days before the sittings of the General Sessions, the appeal shall be made to the then next sittings of the Court, but if the conviction or order be made within fourteen days of the sittings of the Court, then to the second sittings next after the conviction of order. 7. If upon the trial at the General Sessions of ^^^ene/^j^ ^^^ the Peace of an appeal from a decision of a Justice{,'g^f,';%°"„riP: of the Peace upon any matter within the legislative "o*be'^ev?den°"^ authority of the Legislature of Ontario, it is proved upon the oath or affirmation of any credible witness that a person whose deposition has been taken upon the original hearing, is' dead, or is so ill as not to be able to travel, or is absent from Ontario, or if it is ce in certain cases. 430 Appeals to Sessions. Sees. 7. 8, 9. proved in like manner that after diligent inquiry such person cannot be found to be served with a subpoena, and if it is also proved that such deposi- tion was taken in presence of the person accused, and that he, his counsel or solicitor, had a full opportunity of cross-examining the witness, and if the deposition purports to be signed by the Justice by or before whom the same purports to have been taken, it shall be received as evidence in the prose- cution without further proof thereof, unless it is proved that the deposition was not in fact signed by the Justice purporting to have signed the same. Abandonment 8. Anv appellant may abandon his appeal by of appeal; costs. , . "^ . ^ , . . . . givmg the opposite party notice of his intention in writing six days before the Sessions appealed to ; and thereupon the Justice, or Police or Stipendiary Magistrate, may tax the additional costs if any, of the respondent, and add the same to the original costs, and proceed on the original conviction, or order, in the same manner as if there had been no appeal thereon. WHEN AMENDED ACTS OF CANADA TO APPLY. When amend- 9. If the Parliament of Canada amends arty iiients of Do- . . . minion Acts statutc, the Operation whereof is extended by virtue shall take effect ' ^ ■' under this Act. of this Act, no such amendment shall have any force in Ontario, by virtue of this Act, until after the termination of the Session of the Legislature of Ontario held next after the passing of the amending statute. '^^.' APPENDIX A. FORMS. 1. Notice of Annual School Meeting. As required by The Public Schools Act, the undersigned Trustees of School Section No. , in the Township of- •, hereby give notice that the Annual School Meet- ing of the Supporters of the Public School in the section will be held at on Wednesday, the day of December, i8 — , at the hour of ten o'clock in the forenoon, for the trans- action of the business prescribed by the nineteenth to the twenty-fourth sections inclusive of said Public Schools Act. A. B.,| C. D., i- Trustees. E. F.,) Dated this day of , i8 — . If the last Wednesday of December be a holiday, the Trustees should insert Thursday in the foregoing notice. 2. Notice of Annual School Meeting, when Proper Notice Not Given. The Annual School Meeting for School Section No. , in the Township of , not having been held for want of proper notice thereof, the undersigned [Inspector, or two rate- payers, as the case may be] as authorized by the eighteenth section of The Public Schools Act, hereby gives [or give] notice that the Annual School Meeting of the Supporters of the Public School A3- Forms. in the section will be held at on the day of , i8 — , at the hour of ten o'clock in the forenoon, for the trans- action of the business prescribed by the nineteenth to the twenty-fourth sections inclusive of said Public Schools Act. A. B., Pub. Sell. Inspector, or C. D., 1 Ratepayers of the E. F.J Section. Dated this day of , i8 — . 3. Notice of Special School Meeting. The undersigned Trustees of School Section No. , in the Township , \or the Public School Inspector, as the case may be,] as authorized by The Public Schools Act, hereby give [or gives] notice that a Special School Meeting of the Supporters of the Public School in said School Section will be held at , on , the day of , i8 — , at the hour of in the for the transaction of the following special busi- ness, namely — [Here state it in full]. A. B.,| C. D., [ Trustees. E. F.J (or G. H., Public School Inspector.) Dated this day of , i8 — . No business but that mentioned in the notice can be lawfully transacted at the special meeting thus called. 4. Notice to Person Elected as School Trustee. , i8— . Sir, — At a meeting of the ratepayers of School Section No. , in the Township of , held on the of , i8 — , you were duly elected as a Trustee for the aforesaid School Section. Forms. 433 Please acknowledge the receipt of this intimation. To C. D. A. B., Secretary of the School Meeting. Should no reply be received by the Secretary of the School Meeting within twenty days, the parly concerned will be held to have accepted the office of School Trustee. See section 24. 5. Concurrence in Resignation of Trustee. A. B., our colleague, as Trustee of School Section No.- Township of , having intimated to us his desire to resign his office as such Trustee, we the undersigned remain- ing Trustees of the School Section named do hereby consent to his resignation, as authorized by the twenty-sixth section of The Public Schools Act, such resignation to take effect on the election of his successor at a meeting of the ratepayers of the Public School in the section called by us, and to take place on the day of , 18—. A. B., C. D., Remaining Trustees. Dated this day of , 18 — . This document is to be given to the retiring Trustees for presentation to the Chairman of the School Meeting called as above. 6. Notice to the Ratepayers by Township Clerk calling a First School Section Meeting, Township Clerk's Office, , 18—. The Municipal Council of this Township has formed a School Section to be known as No. . The boundaries of this new School Section are as follows, namely : [Insert them in full detail.] ■ The ratepayers of the aforesaid newly formed School Sec- 434 Forms. tion are hereby notified that a meeting of the legally qualified School Voters of Section , will be held at on the day of December, 189 — , at the hour of ten of the clock in the forenoon, for the purpose of electing Trustees of the Section, and for the transaction of other necessary business, as authorized by sections nineteen to twenty-four inclusive of The Public Schools Act. A. B., Township Clerk. Dated this day of , 18 — . If the last Wednesday in December be a holiday, the Township Clerk should insert Thursday in the foregoing notice. 7. Transmission of Copy of School Meeting Minutes TO THE County Inspector. , 18—. Sir, —I send herewith the following correct copy of the minutes of proceedings and poll book of the annual [or special] meeting of the ratepayers of School Section No.— — , in the Township of , held on the day of , 18 — . [Insert the Minutes in full, and also send a transcript of the Poll Book where an election has been held.] A. B., To C. D., Chairman of the School Meeting. Public School Inspector. 8. Bond of Secretary-Treasurer. Know all men by these presents that we, A. B., of the — of in the County of , Secretary-Treasurer [or Col- lector of School Rates] of the Board of Public School Trustees for School Section of the Township of in the County of [or The Public School Board] ; CD., of the ■ of in'the County of [business or calling]; and E. F., of the of in the County of [business or calling], bind ourselves and each of us, our and each of our heirs, Forms. ^35 executors, and administrators, to the said Board of Public School Trustees for School Section of the Township of in the County of [oy The Public School Board], in the sum of dollars, to be paid to the said Board of Public School Trustees for School Section of the Township of in the County of \or The Public School Board], their successors and assigns. Sealed with our seal. Dated this day of , i8g — . Whereas the said A. B. has lately been appointed to, and now holds, the office of Secretary-Treasurer [or Collector of School Rates] of the above-named Board. Now the condition of the above-written bond or obligation is such that if the said A. B. shall, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, so long as he shall hold the said office of Secretary-Treasurer [or Collector of School Rates], duly and regularly account for and pay to the said Board or to any person or persons who may be appointed for this purpose, all moneys which shall come to his hands either in the capacity of Secretary-Treasurer [or Col- lector of School Rates] of the said Board, or by any other means on account of the said Board, and in every other respect fully and faithfully perform and discharge the duties and obligations which, from time to time, shall devolve on him in such capacity as aforesaid, then the above-written bond or obligation shall be void; otherwise the same shall remain in full force and virtue. .Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of A. B. [L.S.] C. D. [L.S.] E. F. [L.S.] 9. Notice of School Meeting. -, 189—. Sir, — You are hereby notified that a meeting of the Board of Public School Trustees for School Section of the Township of in the County of [or The Public School Board] will beheld at on day the day 436 Forms. of , i8g — , at the hour of o'clock in the noon ; which meeting you are hereby requested to attend. C. D., To A. B., Secretary-Treasurer. School Trustee. 10. Request to an Inspector by any Two Ratepayers TO appoint a School Section Auditor. , 18-. Sir, — The Trustees [or the School Meeting, as the case may be,] having neglected to appoint a School Auditor [or the Auditor appointed having refused to act] the undersigned Ratepayers of School Section No. , in the Township of , hereby request that you would appoint a School Auditor for the Sec- tion, as authorized by the thirty-seventh section of The Public Schools Act. We are, Sir, your obedient servants, A. B., C. D., To E. F., Ratepayers of the Section. Public School Inspector. 11. School Auditor's Notice to Person Interested in THE School Accounts of a Section. , 18-. Sir, — As authorized by the thirty-ninth section of The Public Schools Act, the undersigned Auditor of the Accounts of School Section No. , in the Township of , hereby requires your attendance at the audit of these accounts, to be held at , on the day of , 189 — , at the hour of o'clock in the . You are also hereby required by said School Act (under penalty for refusal or neglect) to bring with you any books, papers or writings connected with Forms. 437 such accounts, and to lay them before the Auditor or Auditors of the Section. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, A. B., To CD.,'! Trustee. Auditor of School Section. E. F., |- Secretary-Treasurer. G. H.,j other person [as the case may be]. 12. Warrant to Enforce Collection of Moneys Awarded to be Paid by School Auditors. The undersigned Auditor, [or Auditors] of the School Accounts of School Section No. , in the Township of , by virtue of the powers vested in me [or us] by the thirty-ninth section of The Public Schools Act, hereby authorizes and requires you, [insert name of Collector] after ten days from the date hereof, to collect from the person [persons, or corporation] named below the sum [or sums] of money, set opposite his [their or its] name [or names] being the sum or sums awarded by the under- signed Auditor [or Auditors] aforesaid, to be paid by such per- son [persons, or corporation], and to pay within days from the receipt thereof the amount so collected, after retaining your lawful fees, to whose discharge shall be your acquittance therefor. And in default of payment on demand by the person [persons, or corporation] named below, you are hereby authorized and required, within three days after such default •of payment, to levy the amount by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the person [persons, or corporation] making said default. Given under my hand as Auditor [or our hands as Auditors], this day of , 18 — . To E. F., Collector of moneys awarded by Auditor [or Auditors] to he paid. A. B.,] Auditor [or Auditors] of the [C. D.,]j School Section aforesaid. [Insert here the names and amounts, as above intimated.] 438 Forms. The thirty-ninth section of the said Act cited above, sub-section 3, declares that the person named in the foregoing warrant " shall have the same power and authority to " enforce the collection of the moneys mentioned in the said warrant, with all " reasonable costs, by seizure and sale of the property of the party or corporation " against whom the same has been issued, as any bailiff of a Division Court has in " enforcing a judgment and execution issued out of said Court." 13. Deed to School Trustees. This Indenture made (in duplicate) the day of- one thousand eight hundred and ninety , in pursuance of the Act respecting Short Forms of Conveyances, and of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, between A. B., of the city [town, village, or township, as the case may be] of in the County of , [btisiness or calling], of the first part : C. D., the wife of the said A. B., of the second part ; and the Board of Public School Trustees of School Section of the Township of in the County [or. The {name of city\ town, or incorporated village) Public School Board, as the case may be], hereinafter called the " Board," of the third part. Witnesseth that, in consideration of dollars of lawful money of Canada now paid by the said Trustees to the said party of the first part (the receipt whereof is hereb}' by him acknowledged), he, the said party of the first part, doth grant unto the said Board, in fee simple, all and singular that certain parcel or tract of land and premises situate, lying, and being in the of in the County of , being composed of [description of land in full] ; to have and to hold unto the said Board, their successors and assigns, to and for their sole and only use forever. Subject, nevertheless, to the reservations, limitations, provisoes, and conditions expressed in the original grant thereof from the Crown. The said party of the first part covenants with the said Board that he has the right to convey the said lands to the said Board notwithstanding any act of the said party of the first part. And that the said Board shall have quiet possession of the said lands free from all incumbrances. And the said party of the first part covenants with the said Board that he Forms. ^^g will execute such further assurances of the said lands as may be requisite. And the said party of the first part covenants with the said Board that he has done no act to incumber the said lands. And the said party of the first part releases to the said Board all his claims upon the said lands. And the said C. D., the wife of the said A. B., hereby bars her dower in the said lands. In witness whereof the said parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals. Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of I 14. Notice of Exemption to Township Clerk. -.-- 1 Sir, — As authorized by the fortieth section of The Public Schools Act, the undersigned trustees of School Section No. , in the Township of , at a meeting held on the day of , exempted as " indigent " the following persons resident in the School Section, from the payment of all school rates, [0/ above mills on the dollar, as the case may be,] in support of the school. [Here insert list of indigent or other exempted persons.] [In the case of unorganized townships, the trustees concerned can substitute the following in the place of the words in the above, begin- ning with *' as ' indigent,' " etc.] : — Mr. I. K., whose place of residence is more than three miles from the schoolhouse of the section. A. B.,] Trustees C. D.,;- of the E. F.,) Section. To G. H., Township Clerk, Post Office. This intimation must be given by the School Trustees to the Township Clerk 440 Forms, " on or before the first of August " in any year, as required by sub-section 7 of section 40 of The Public Schools Act. The Trustees of unorganized townships, in iving notice under section 42, as above, should see that the conditions of exemption under that section are com- plied with. 15. Requisition on the Municipal Council for School Moneys. In terms of the fortieth [or, in the case of cities, towns and incorporated villages, the one hundred and seventh] section of The Public Schools Act, the Board of Public School Trustees for School Section No. of the township [or The Public School Board, or The Board of Education for the city, town, incorporated village, or township of ,] hereby applies to the Municipal Council of the township [city, town or incorporated village, as the case may be] for the sums of money set forth in the accompanying estimate for the support and maintenance of the Public School [or schools] in the aforesaid section [city, town or incorporated village] for the year ending on the 31st December, 18 — . [Here follows the estimate.] The school corporation as aforesaid hereby respectfully requests that the Municipal Council of the township [city, town, etc.] shall, as required by the one hundred and tenth section of The Public Schools Act, provide by assessment the foregoing amount of dollars for the current expenses of the school [or schools] under charge of the Board, as per estimate herewith. A. B., Chairman,] Corporate C. D., Secretary. ) Seal. To the Clerk of the Municipal Council of the of . This requisition, in the case of Rural School Trustees, must be sent to the Clerk of the Council concerned not later than the end of July, and in time for the August meeting. See sub-section 8 of the 40th section of The Public Schools Act. In case moneys are required for the erection of schoolhouses, purchase of site, etc., the words "provide by assessment" in the foregoing requisition should be altered to " provide by debenture for the purchase of a school site " (or the " erection of a school building," as the case may be). See sections 1 15- 121. Forms. 441 16. Promissory Note of Rural School Trustees for Teachers' Salaries. , i8— . days [or months] after date, The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of , promises to pay to the sum of dollars, advanced to it by the said for the pay- ment of Teachers' Salaries, and hereby agrees to pay interest at the rate of per cent, per annum for such advance. ( A. B. 1 School Trustees, J C. D. l [L.S.] I I E. F. ) Not more than eight per cent, per annum can be lawfully paid by Trustees for loans of this nature. The form of note may be varied so that the amount of interest •or discount can be included in the face value of the note. The seal of the section should in all cases be affixed to the note in the place indicated above. 17. Notice to Inspector and Township Clerk. , i8— . Sir, — The following are the names and post-office addresses of the Trustees of School Section No. , in the Township of , now in office : — Post Office Address. A. B . CD . E. F . The name [or names] of the Teacher [or Teachers] employed by the Board of Trustees is [or are] as follows : — G. H . I. K., etc • L. M., To N. O., Secretary-Treasurer of the School Board. Public School Inspector. To P. Q., Township Clerk. This notice should be given before the 15th January in each year. 442 Forms. 18. Petition to Trustees to Call a Special School Meeting. To the Trustees of Public School Section No. — , in the Township of . The Petition of the undersigned ten ratepayers of the School Section aforesaid, respectfully showeth : — That they think it desirable that the trustees, on receipt of this petition, should call a meeting of ratepayers of the section, for the consideration and disposal of the following business: — [Here name the business in full.] Dated this day of , i8 — . This Petition should be signed by at least ten ratepayers of the section con- cerned, and sent direct to the senior Trustee, or to the Secretary of the school corporation. (See section 4.0, subsection 11. ) 19. Notice of a First School Meeting in an Unor- ganized Township. The undersigned heads of families of a School Section, set apart by the Stipendiary Magistrate [or Public School Inspector], and known as School Section in the Tow^nship of ^ as authorized by law, hereby give notice to the ratepayers of the Section, that a Public School meeting will be held at , on the day of , 189 — , at the hour of ten of the clock in the forenoon, for the election of Trustees and for the transaction of other necessary business as authorized by the nineteenth and twenty-fourth sections inclusive of The Public Schpols Act. A. B. ) ' ''I Heads of Families of the School Section. Dated at this day of , 18 — . 20. Notice of Division of School Sections in Unor- ganized Townships. Office of the Inspector of Schools for the District of , , 189—. Sir, — I beg to inform you that, in accordance with sub- Forms. 443 section 3 of section 44 of The Public Schools Act, 1891, I have divided the School Sections formed under section 41 of the said Act into the following groups : — I. S.S. No. S.S. No. S.S. No. Group I. -I 2 I 3 Group II. i 3 S.S. No. S.S. No. S.S. No. {Ajid so on.) Your School Section forms part of Group- Yours truly, To the Secretary of the Trustees of S.S. No. 21. Notice of Appeal against Assessment. The Public Schools Act, i8gi. Public notice is hereby given that, in pursuance of section 46 of the above Act, the Court of Revision appointed under sub-section 2 of section 44 of the said Act will sit for the purpose of hearing appeals against the assessment rolls of School Section No. at the of on the day of , 189—, at the hour of o'clock in the noon, of which said sitting all persons are hereby required to take notice. Dated this day of , iSg— . Secretary-Treasurer of S.S. No. 22. Declaration by School Collector. I, , do solemnly promise and declare that I will truly, faithfully, and impartially, to the best 444 Forms. of my knowledge and abilit}-, execute the office of School Collector, to which I have been appointed, in School Section No. in ; and that I have not received, and will not receive, any payment or reward, or promise of such, for the e.xercise of any partiality, or malversation, or other undut; execution of the said office, and that I have not by myself or partner, either directly or indirectly, any interest in any con- tract with or on the said Board of Trustees of said School Section. 23. Notice by Arbitrators to Parties interested in A School Section. The undersigned Arbitrators appointed to appraise the damages and determine the claims of all parties concerned in regard to the Public School Site selected for Section No. , in the Township of , known as part of lot No. in the said Township, hereby give notice to all such parties that they will meet to hear and determine the claims on such part lot at on the day of , i8 — . You are hereby notified to attend such meeting or submit your claim in writing to the Arbitrators on the day named. Dated at this day of , i8 — . A. B.,| '^ Arbitrators for proposed C. D., r fc^ School Site. To G. H., owner. E. F.,j '— ' No. , Tp. of . I. J., lessee. K. L., tenant. M. N. (other party concerned). 24. Affidavit Verifying Award. The Public Schools Act, i8gi. County of- To Wit I, of the of- in the County of 445 Forms. the Secretary-Treasurer of the Board of Trustees for , make oath and say : — 1. That the paper writing attached hereto is the award made and pubHshed in respect to the school site therein mentioned^ under the above Act, by the Arbitrators therein mentioned. 2. That the said award was made and pubHshed at . 3. That I know the said Arbitrators, and that they are the parties making and publishing the said award. 4. That the names , , , areofthe proper handwriting of the said Arbitrators respectively. Sworn before me at the of in the County of this day of 189—. A Commissioner, etc. 25. Surveyor's Certificate on Selection of a School Site. The Public Schools Act, i8gi. In the matter of all and singular that certain parcel or tract of land and premises situate, lying, and being in the of in the County of , and being [describe lands accurately] duly selected for a school site under the provisions of the above Act. I of the of in the County of do hereby certify that I am a duly qualified surveyor, authorized to practise as such under the provisions of the Act respecting Land Surveyors and the Survey of Lands ; that I am well acquainted with the above-described lands, and have no interest whatever in the above matter; and that I consider the sum of dollars a fair compensation for the said lands. As witness my hand this day of , 189—. , O.L.S. 446 Forms. 26. Affidavit Proving Absence from Country of Owner OF Land Selected for a School Site. {Same style as in Form 25.) I of the of in the County of [occupation], make oath and say :— 1. That I am well acquainted with [name of owner], the owner of the above-described lands, and know that at present he is residing at {here state, as accurately as possible, his present place of residence), [or, and have made diligent enquiry as tu his present place of residence by {here describe means taken to ascertain residence), and have been unable to find him]. 2. That to the best of my knowledge and belief the said is not a resident of this country. Sworn before me at the of in the County of this day of , I 189—. ) A Commissioner, etc. 27. Notice to Absent Owner of Land Selected for a School Site. {Same Style as in Form 25.) You are hereby required to take notice that in pursuance of a certificate given by , a duly qualified surveyor, certify- ing that the sum of dollars is a fair compensation for the above-described lands, duly selected for a school site, the Trustees of School Section No. in the are ready to pay the said sum so certified as compensation for the said lands ; and you are required on or before the day of , 189 — , to notify the Secretary of the said Trustees of your acceptance of the said sum as compensation for the said lands. In the event of your refusing to accept the said sum, you are Forms. 447 further required to take notice that in pursuance of section 77 of the said Act the said Trustees have appointed of the of in the County of as their Arbitrator in this matter ; and you are hereby required to name your Arbi- trator on or before the said day of , Dated the day of , 189—. To J^"^(i^ of the County Court of . the County of- 28. Notice by Township Council of its Intention to Alter THE Boundaries of a Public School Section, Etc. Township Clerk's Office, , 18 — . The Municipal Council of the township of hereby gives public notice to the ratepayers and other parties concerned of School Section [or School Sections] No. — , [or Nos.] in this township, that it is the intention of the Council to alter the boundaries [divide, alter or nnite such section or sections, as the case may be,] of that section at a meeting of the Council to be held on the day of , 18 — . A. B., Township Clerk. This intimation may be posted in the School Section or School Sections concerned, •or published in a local newspaper ; or it may be sent to the School Trustees of the Sections to be affected by the proposed change. The eighty-first section, sub-section 2, of T/ie Public Schools Act authorizes the Council to give the notice " in such manner as the Council may deem expedient," 29. Appeal to County Council in Regard to School Section Boundaries, Union or Otherwise. The undersigned trustees [or five ratepayers or Public School Inspector], of [Union] School Section No. , in the Town- ship of , as authorized by the eighty-second [or eighty- eighth] section of The Public Schools Act, hereby appeal to the Municipal Council of the County of , against the action 448 Forms. [or refusal to act — as in the case of ordinary School Sections — on application being duly made to it, on the part] of the Council of the Township of in regard to the boundaries of our School Section. Dated at this day of , 18 — . A. B.,| Trustees of CD.,- [Union] School Sec. E. F.,1 No.—. [or signed by five ratepayers of the Section, or by the Pubhc School Inspector, in case of Union Sections.] To the Clerk of the Municipal Council, County of . 30. Notice of the Decision of the Arbitrators in: Regard to an Appeal to a County Council. The undersigned Public School Inspector, one of the Arbi- trators appointed by the Municipal Council of the County of , to consider and decide upon an appeal to the Coun- cil in regard to the boundaries of School Section No. , in the Township of , hereby gives notice to the trustees of the Section [or other Section, and to the Clerk of the Township con- cerned] that the Arbitrators have agreed to the following award in the case : — [Insert it in full.] A. B., Public School Inspector, Arbitrator. To the Trustees of School Section No. and To the Clerk of the Township of . This form may be altered so as to meet the case of Union School Sectioi* Appeals, provided for in section 88. Forms. ^^q 31. Deed kv School Trustees. This Indenture made (in duplicate) the day of , one thousand eight hundred and ninety , in pursuance of the Act respecting Short Forms of Conveyances and The Public Schools Act, i8gi. Between- The Board of Pubhc School Trustees of School Section of the Town- ship of in the County of [or The Public School Board, as the case may be], hereinafter called the •' Board," of the first part ; and A. B., of the township [city, town, or village] of in the County of , [business or calling,] of the second part. Witnesseth that, in consideration of dollars of lawful money of Canada, now paid by the said party of the second part to the said Board (the receipt whereof is hereby by them acknowledged), they, the said Board, do grant unto the said party of the second part, in fee simple, all and singular that certain parcel or tract of land and premises situate, lying, and being in the of in the County of , being com- posed of [description of lands in full]; to have and to hold unto the said party of the second part, h — heirs and assigns, to and for h their sole and only use forever. Subject, nevertheless, to the reservations, limitations, provisoes, and conditions expressed in the original grant thereof from the Crown. x\nd the said Board covenant with the said party of the second part that they have done no act to incumber the said lands. And the said Board release to the said party of the second part all their claims upon the said lands. In witness whereof the said Board have hereunto affixed their corporate seal by , Chairman, countersigned by , Secretary-Treasurer, of the said Board. Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of i 29 450 Forms. 32. Petition to Township Council in Regard to Union School Sections. The petition to the Council of the Township of of [five] ratepayers of said Township respectfully showeth : That they are desirous that a Union School Section should be formed out of parts of Townships of [or they are desirous that the boundaries of Union School Section No. , in the Town- ships of , should be altered {or dissolved), as the case may be]. Your petitioners, therefore, pray that the request which they have herein made may be granted, so far as the Council of your Township is concerned, in terms of the eighty-seventh section of The Public Schools Act, 1S91. A. B., I CD., y Petitioners. E. F., etc.] To the Clerk of the Council, Township of . An original copy of the foregoing petition must be sent to the Clerk of each of the Townships concerned, not later than August or September of any year, so that the respective by-laws required can be passed not later than the 25th December, as required by law. Section 87, sub-section 10. 33. Notice of Appointment of Arbitrator on Altera- tion OF Union School Section. To , Inspector of the District of . You are hereby required to take notice that in pursuance of sub-secticn i of section 87 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, the Municipal Council of have appointed Mr. as their Arbitrator, on the joint petition of [insert names of five ratepayers petitioning], for the formation [or alteration, or dissolution, as the case may be] of School Sections into a Union School Section [or of Union School Section ], a copy of which petition is hereto annexed. Dated at this day of , 189 — . Clerk. It is suggested that a copy of the petition should accompany this notice. Forms. 451 34. Inspector's Notice to Township Clerks. Public School Inspector's Office, -, 18—. Sir, — I hereby notify you that a meeting of the Arbitrators appointed to form [alter or dissolve] a Union School Section [or the Union School Section No. , intheTownshipof ,] as requested by the ratepayers concerned, will be held at , on the day of , 18 — , at the hour of in the forenoon. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, A. B., Public School Inspector. To C. C, Clerk of the Township of . 35. Award. To all to whom these presents shall come : We, A. B., of the of in the County of , {business or calling) ; C. D., of the of in the County of , (business or calling) ; and X. Y., of the of in the County of , {the senior County Court Judge, or the person appointed by him, or as the case may be,) send greeting : Whereas under and by virtue of the eighty-seventh section of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, the matter of formation (alteration or dissolution) of Union School Section No. has been referred to the award and final determination of us, the said A. B., C. D., and X. Y., the Arbitrators appointed under and by virtue of sub-section i of the said eighty-seventh section of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, the said award to be made in writing on or before the day of , i8g — . [ (Where the time for making the award has been enlarged, insert:) And whereas we, the said Arbitrators, have enlarged the time for making our award until the day of , i8g — .] Now we, the said Arbitrators, having taken upon ourselves the burden of this reference, and having duly weighed and A. B. [L.S.] C. D. [L.S.] X. Y. [L.S.] 452 Forms. considered the matter of the formation (alteration or dissolu- tion) of said Union School Section No. , and the several allegations of the parties interested therein, and also the proofs, vouchers, and documents which have been given in evidence before us, do hereby make and publish this our award, in writing, of and concerning the matter above referred to us in manner following, that is to say : We award and judge — {here follow the particulars of the finding and award). (See subsections 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of said section 87.) In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands (and seals) this day of , 189 — . Signed and published {or signed, sealed, and published) in the presence of 36. Notice of Equalized Assessment of Union School Sections by the Township Assessors. The undersigned Assessors of the Township of , as authorized and required by the ninety-fifth section of The Public Schools Act, hereby give notice to the Clerks of the above said Townships that they have met and determined the proportion of the annual requisition for school purposes of the Public School Trustees of Union Section Np. , of the said Townships, which shall be levied upon and collected from the taxable property of the respective Municipalities out of which the Union School Section is formed. This proportion of assessment^ so fixed and determined by us, shall remain in force for three years from the date of this notice. Dated at this dav of , 18 — . A. B., ) Assessors as C. D., etc. j aforesaid. To the Clerk of the Council, Township of . An original copy of this notice, signed by the agreeing Assessors, should be sent forthwith to the Clerk of each of the Township Councils concerned. Forms. 453 37. Notice to Quash By-Law, or to Set Asidic Award. In the matter of By-Law No. of The Corporation of the Township of , in the County of , intituled " ,\ By-Law for forming (altering or dissolving) School Section , or School Sections , and (as the case may be) in said Township." [ (Or, if notice is to set aside Award:) In the matter of the Award of A. B., C. D., and E. F., the Arbitrators appointed to hear the appeal of {the Trustees, or five ratepayers, of the section, or the Inspector or Inspectors) to the County Council of the County of , against the formation (alteration or dissolution) of School Section No. , in the Town- ship of , or against the neglect, or, refusal, of the Township or Townships of to appoint Arbitrators as provided by section 87 of The Public Schools Act, i8gi {as the case may be). ] ft. Notice is hereby given, in pursuance of section g6 of The Public Schools Act, iSgi, that the undersigned will apply to quash By-Law No. of The Corporation of the Township of , above mentioned {or, to set aside the Award of A. B., C. D., and E. F., above mentioned). Dated at this day of , iSg— . To X. Y., Clerk of the Township of . 37. Declaration of Returning Officer. The Public Schools Act, iSgi. Dominion of Canada Province of Ontario, County of . In the matter of the Election of Public School Trustees for Ward , of the City (Town or Village, as the case may be). To Wit : I, , of of , in the County of f the Returning Officer for {or person presiding at) Polling Sub- division , in said Ward, do solemnly declare that the poll 454 Forms. book attached hereto, and marked " A " as an exhibit to this my declaration, has been correctly kept, and contains a true record of the votes given at the said PolliniE: Subdivision, for Avhich I was the Returning Officer ; and I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing it to be true, and knowing that it is of the same force and effect as if made under oath and by virtue of The Canada Evidence Act, 1893. Declared before me at the"! of , in the County of , this- day , A.D, 189— A Counnissioner, etc. 38. Notice to the Candidates for Election as School Trustees in Cities, Etc. , 18—. Sir, — I hereby notify you that at the election of Public School Trustees for this City [Town, etc.], the number of votes polled for the respective Candidates for election was as follows : — Votes. A. B C. D E. P., etc G. H., Secretary-Treasurer of the School Board. To A. B., Candidate, etc. . The Secretary-Treasurer is required to add up the votes polled for each Candi- date and to notify him accordingly, as above. 39. Notice of the Discontinuance of School Election BY Ballot. , 18-. Sir,— The Board of Public School Trustees for the City [Town or Incorporated \'illage] of hereby notifies the Forms. 455 Municipal Council of the City, [Town, etc.,] of that the said Board has decided to discontinue the use of the ballot at the election of the Public School Trustees for this City [Town, etc.]. A. B., Secretary of the Public School Board. To the Clerk of the Municipal Council of the City, [Town, etc.,] of . This notice should be sent to the Clerk of the Council concerned on or before the first day of October. See section 103, sub-section i, of 7'he Public Schools Act. 40. Notice Requesting that School Election shall be HELD ON Same Day as Municipal Election. , 18—. Sir, — The Board of Public School Trustees [or Board of Education] for the City [Town, Incorporated Village or Town- ship] of hereby notifies the Municipal Council of the City [Town, dc,,] that the said Board has passed a resolution requesting that the next election of Trustees to such Board shall take place on the same day as that on which the election ' of Municipal Councillors takes place. A. B., Secretary of the Board. To the Clerk of the Council, Township [City, etc.,] of . 41. Annual Report of Trustees. This form, which will be supplied by the Department of Education on applica- tion thereto, is too voluminous and complex for insertion in this book. 42. Summons for Maintenance in Industrial School. In the Division Court of the County of . Between '' The Public School Board," and Plaintiffs ; C. D., Defendant. You, the above-named Defendant, are hereby summoned to ^56 Forms. appear at the next sitting of this Court, to be holden at in the County of on the day of , A.D. 189 — , at the hour of ten o'clock in the forenoon, to answer the allegation of the Plaintiffs, that you, the said C. D,, arc liable for the expense of maintaining one E. D., a boy detained in the Industrial School, under the charge of the above-name. 1 Plaintiffs, in the of . And, further, you are hereby required to take notice that the Plaintiffs claim that you are able to pay the sum of $ per week towards the said expenses ; and that, if you do not appear at the said time and place, such order will be made in your absence as may seem just. Dated this day of , A.D. 189 — . By the Court. X. Y., Clerk. 43. By-Law to Raise Money by the Issue of Debentures. A By-Law to raise the sum of $ for the purpose of and to authorize the issue of debentures therefor. Whereas it is necessary to raise the sum of dollars for the purpose of [state in brief and general terms the object for which the debt is to be created] ; and, in order thereto, it will be necessary to issue debentures of the Municipality of of for the sum of dollars, payable as herein provided. And whereas it will be requisite to raise annually during the term of twenty [or as the case may be] years by special rate for paying the said debt and interest the sum of dollars. [ (Or, if the debt is payable by annual instalments, substitute the following :) And whereas it will be requisite to raise annually the several sums in each year respectively set forth in the schedule to this By-Law.] And whereas the amount of the whole ratable property of Forms. 457 the Miinicipalit)', according to the last revised {or revised ,-uid equalized) assessment roll, amounts to dollars. And whereas the existing debenture debt of this Munici- pality amounts to dollars, and no principal or interest is in arrears [or as the case uiay be\ Therefore the Municipal Council of the Corporation of the of- enacts as follows : — 1. It shall be lawful for the Mayor {or Reeve) of the said Municipality, for the purposes aforesaid, to borrow the said sum of dollars and to issue debentures of the said Muni- cipality to the amount of , in sums of not less than one hundred dollars each, payable at the end of twenty [or as the case may he'] years from the date on which this By-Law takes effect, and to bear interest at a rate not exceeding per cent, per annum, payable half-yearly, on the days of and in each and every year during the currency of the said debentures. [ (If the debt is payable by annual instalments, substitute after the words " one hundred dollars each ":j payable in the manner, for the amounts, and at the times respectively set forth in the schedule to this By-Law.] 2. The said debentures, as to principal and interest, shall be payable at . 3. It shall be lawful for the Mayor (or Reeve) of the said Municipality, and he is hereby authorized and instructed to sign and issue the said debentures hereby authorized to be issued, and to cause the same and the interest coupons attached thereto to be signed by the Treasurer of the said Municipality ; and the Clerk of the Municipality is hereby authorized and instructed to attach the seal of the said Municipality to the said debentures. 4. There shall be raised and levied annually by a special rate on all the ratable property in the said Municipality the sum of dollars for the payment of interest during the currency 458 Forms. of the said debentures, and also the sum of dollars for the payment of the said debt. [ (Or, if the debt is payable by annual instalments, substitute the following :) There shall be raised and levied in each year, by special rate on all the ratable property in the said Municipality, a sum sufficient to discharge the several instalments of princi- pal and interest accruing due on the said debt as the same becomes respectively payable, according to the schedule to this By-Law.] 5. This By-Law shall take effect on the day of , A.D. 189—. 6. The votes of the ratepayers of the said Municipality shall be taken on this By-Law at the following times and places, that is to say: on day the day of next, at the hour of nine o'clock in the forenoon, and continuing until five o'clock in the afternoon of the same day. [Here insert the polling places and the name of the deputy return- ing officers.^ 7. On day the day of , 189 — , the Mayor [or Reeve] shall attend at the Council Chambers at ■ o'clock in the noon to appoint persons to attend at the various polling places and at the final summing up of the votes by the Clerks respectively, on behalf of the persons interested in and promoting or opposing the passing of this By-Law. 8. The Clerk of the Council of the said Municipality shall attend at the in the of at o'clock in the noon of day the day of , 189 — , and sum up the number of votes given for and against this By- Law. Dated at the of this day of , 189—. A. B., ) Mayor (or Reeve). , C. D., j Clerk. ^ ^^ IV/iere the by-law provides for the payment of the debentures by instalments, insert a schedule showing the amount payable in each year. Forms. 459 44. School Debenture. Province of Ontario. No. Debenture of the- -of- -in the County of- School Loan. The Corporation of the- -of- for -hereby promises to — , the sum of pay to bearer at the Bank of , at — dollars, lawful money of Canada, year (s) from the date hereof; and to pay interest at the rate of per cent, per annum, half-yearly, to the bearer of the annexed Coupons respec- tively, upon the presentation thereof at the said Bank. Issued at , this day of , 189—, by virtue and under the authority of The Public Schools Act, 1891, of Ontario, and pursuant to By-Law No. of said of , passed on the day of , A.D. 189 — , intituled, " A By-Law to raise by way of loan the sum of dollars for the purpose therein mentioned " {or as the case may be). A. B., Reeve or Mayor. C. D., Treasurer. COUPON No. The Corporation of the bearer at the Bank of , at- day of , 189 — ,'the sum of — on that day on Debenture No. . -of- will pay the — , on the -dollars, interest due C D., Treasurer. 45. Notice of Apportionment. The apportionment of the Legislative Grant to the several municipalities is based upon the latest returns of population in the previous year, and the division between the Public and Separate Schools on the average attendance of that year, as reported by the Inspectors, Public School Boards, and Separate School Trustees respectively. While the Separate Schools receive their portion of the grant direct from the Department of Education, that of the Public Schools is paid, according to a 460 Forms. schedule, through the respective County, City, Town, and Village Treasurers, ti whom a copy of the schedule is sent. This constitutes the notice above referred to. The County Councils are also notified that it is their duty to raise from the several Townships in their counties a sum at least equal to the amounts respectively apportioned to each county, and that all the supporters of the Roman Catholic Separate Schools are exempt from any rate to be levied for this purpose. 46. Inspector's Warrant for the Payment of the School Grant. Inspector's Office, , iS — . To the Treasurer of the Township of . Sir, — You are hereby authorized to pay to the order of the Trustees of the several School Sections the sums set respec- tively opposite the numbers of such section as per this schedule. , Inspector. No. of School Amount. Name of Trustees or Secretary-Treasurer. To be filled up by Treasurer. Section. Date of Payment. To whom Paid 47. Agreement for Engagement of a Public School Teacher, Memorandum of Agreement made this- ■day of- 18 — . Between The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , in the Township of , in the County of [or The Public School Board], hereinafter called the " Board," of the first part; and of , the holder of a — — Class Certificate of qualification as a Public School Teacher in Ontario, hereinafter called the " Teacher," of the second part. The Board hereby employ the said Teacher in the schools under their charge, and in such school or division of the same Forms. 461 as they may appoint, at the yearly salary of dollars, for the term of one year, beginning on the day of , one thousand eight hundred and , and ending on the day of , one thousand eight hundred and ; and further agree that they and their successors in office will pay such salary to the said Teacher (at least quarterly), and will exercise all powers and perform all duties under The Public Schools Act, iSgi, and the Regulations of the Education Department, which mav be requisite for making such payment. The Teacher agrees with the said Board to teach and con- duct the said division or school assigned to him (or her) (Juring the said term, according to the said Law and Regulations in that behalf [and the Regulations of the said Board from time to time in force]. The foregoing is subject to the following conditions :— (i) That the Teacher shall continue to be the holder of a legal certificate of qualification as a Public School Teacher in Ontario. (2) That holidays and vacations prescribed by the Law and Regulations are excepted from the said term. (3) That the days on which the Teacher has attended the meetings ■of Teachers' Associations or Listitutes, as certified by the Inspector or Chairman thereof, shall be allowed him as if he had actually taught in the said school ; and (4) That in case of sickness, as certified by a registered medical practitioner, he shall be entitled to receive his salary without deduction, for such period as may be authorized under the Statute in that behalf. (5) That the Regulations of the said Board for the government of the schools under their charge, both as relates to pupils and teachers, in force during the continuance hereof, shall form part and parcel hereof as if embodied herein. The Board and the Teacher may, at their option, respec- tively terminate this engagement by giving notice in writing to the other of them at least calendar months previously, and so as to terminate on the last day of a calendar month [or by giving notice as is provided in such cases under the said 462 Forms. Regulations relating to Teachers passed by the Board, as afore- said]. This agreement shall also be construed to continue in force from year to year, unless and until it is terminated by the notice hereinbefore prescribed. As witness the Corporate Seal of the said Board and the hand and seal of the Teacher, on the day and year first above mentioned. [Corporate Trustees. c> 7 n beal.] Teacher. [Seal.] In presence of [In Duplicate.] One copy to be retained by the Trustees and the other by the Teacher. 48. Trustees' Request to Inspector to Suspend the Certificate of a Teacher. , 18—. Sir, — The Trustees of School Section No. , in the Township of , hereby inform the Public School Inspector that , a teacher holding a certificate of qualification valid in this County, has wilfully neglected [or refused] to carry out an agreement entered into with us as Trustees. We^ therefore, request you to suspend the certificate of such teacher in terms of the one hundred and thirty-third section of The Public Schools Act, i8gi. A. B., Trustees of CD., y School Section E. F., No.-. To the Public School Inspector. Forms. 463 49. Notice to Trustees and Teacher of thi-: Suspension OF Teacher's Certificate. Public School Inspector's Office, , 18-. Sir, — By virtue of the authority vested in me by the one hundred and forty-fourth section of The Public Schools Act, I hereby notify you that I have suspended your certificate of qualification [or the certificate of qualification of ] as a Public School Teacher in School Section No. , in the Township of , and within my jurisdiction. My reasons for doing so are as follows, namely : — [Insert tliejii], A. B., Public School Inspector. To C. D., Public School Teacher, and to the Trustees of School Section No. . 50. Inspector's Notice to the Minister of Education of THE Suspension of a Teacher's Certificate. Public School Inspector's Office, , 18-. Sir, — The undersigned. Inspector of Public Schools in the ■of , hereby notifies the Honorable the Minister of Education, that by virtue of the authority vested in him in that behalf he has suspended the certificate of qualification held by , a Public School Teacher within his juris- diction, for the following reasons, namely : — [Insert them] . The certificate suspended was issued by the late Chief Super- intendent of Education [Council of Public Instruction, Educa- tion Department, or the Minister of Education, as the case may be], and is dated the of , 18 — . It is of the class, grade . A. B., To the Honorable Public School Inspector. The Minister of Education. 464 Forms. 51. Notice to a Teacher of the Meeting of the County Board of Examiners to Consider His Case. Public School Inspector's Office, , 1S9— . The Public School Inspector hereby notifies , a school teacher, whose certificate of qualification was suspended by him on the day of , 18 — , that a meeting of the County Board of Examiners will be held at , on , the day of , 18 — , at o'clock in the noon, to consider the suspension of such certificate. A. B., To C. D., Public School Inspector. Public School Teacher. 52. Requisition for County Examiner's Expenses. To the Treasurer of the County of . You will please pay to , of , as required by sub-section 3 of section 145 of The Public Schools Act, 1891, the sum of $ , his incidental expenses incurred in the Examination of Third-Class Teachers as per account herewith [ (or) $ for fees and travelling expenses incurred by him as Examiner in connection with the Examination of Third- Class Teachers]. Dated at the day of , 189 — . A. B., Chairman 0/ Board of Examinee's. 53. Inspector's Annual Report. This form, which will be supplied by the Department of Education on applica- tion thereto, is too voluminous and complex for insertion in this book. Forms, 4^'; 54. Temporary Certificate Issued to a Teacher by a Public School Inspector. This is to certify that I, , as Pubhc School Inspector of the County of , having received an apphca- tion from the Trustees of School Section No. , desiring that the services of [name in full] may become legally available for such school, and, having obtained the approval of the Minister of Education, do hereby grant under the authority of The Public Schools Act, 1891, a certifi- cate of qualification to the said to teach such school until the next ensuing meeting of the Board of Examiners in the month of , 18 — . As witness my hand at this in the presence of . A. B., Public School Inspector. 55. Notice to Parent or Guardian of Neglect to Educate Child or Children. Sir, — At the request of the Board of Public School Trustees for [or the School Inspector, or Mr. , a rate- payer], I hereby inform you that , your child [or children, or , under your care or guardianship] has [or have] not attended any school, or has [or have] not otherwise been under efficient elementary instruction, as required by the second and following sections of The Truancy Act. Before bringing this neglect on your part before the magis- trate having jurisdiction in such cases, you are hereby notified that it is your duty to have the child [or children] named to attend some school, or send some explanation of the alleged neglect as you may deem necessary and proper. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, To C. D., A. B., Parent [or Guardian] of . Truant Officer. This notice may be given by personal delivery, by leaving the same at the residence of the party concerned, by delivery to the agent of a company or corpora- tion concerned, or by a letter by post, prepaid. See section 14 of The Truancy Act. 30 466 56. Forms. Form A. (To be used under section ii of The Truancy Act, 189 1.) Census of all children between the ages of eight and fourteen in the (city, town, incorporated village or township), {as the case may be) of . Name of Child. Age. Parent or Guardian. Residence. 57. Notice of Truant Children. -, 18—. Sir, — As required by section 12 of The Truancy Act, 1891, the Board of School Trustees of hereby notifies you that the following pupils enrolled on the register of its school have not attended its school as required by the aforesaid Act, namely : — Age. Residence. A. B C. D., etc The Trustees also desire to inform you — [Here give such other infc/mation as the Truant Officer may require], E. F., To G. H., Secretary-Treasurer of the School Board. Truant Officer. 58. Agreement with Caretaker. Memorandum of agreement made this day of , A.D. 189 — , between "The Public School Board," here- mafter called the " Board," of the first part, and , of the of , in the County of , hereinafter called the " Caretaker," of the second part. Forms. ^5^ The Board hereby employ the said Caretaker to take charge of School, in the said of , at the yearly salary of dollars, for the term of one year, be-inning on the day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety , and ending on the day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety , said salary to be paid at the times and in the amounts provided under the laws of the Board hereinafter referred to for the payment of Caretakers. The Caretaker covenants and agrees to and with the said Board to perform the duties of the said office in a workman- like and proper manner (and in accordance with and subject to the By-Laws of the Board under the head of " Duties of Caretakers," which are hereby made part and parcel of this agreement as if embodied therein). The Board and the Caretaker may, at their option, respec- tively, terminate the engagement by giving the one to the other one month's notice in writing to such effect, when this agreement shall cease. In witness whereof the Board have hereto affixed their corporate seal, and the Caretaker his hand and seal, the day and year above written. ■Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of f 59. Contract for Supplies. Articles of agreement made (in duplicate) this day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety , between , of the (Township, Village, Town, or Cit}', as the case may be), of- , in the County of , {occupation,) hereinafter called the Contractor, of the first part; and "The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," {or, "The Public School Board," as the case may be,) hereinafter ^called the " Board," of the second part. 468 Forms. Whereas the Committee on , of the said Board, having called for tenders for the supplies for the said Board during the year ending the day of , A.D. 189 — , according to the specifications hereto annexed, the said Contractor did put in the tender hereto annexed, marked "One," which said tender was accepted so far as relates to the articles hereunder written, that is to say : — {Insert here so much 0/ said tender as is accepted). Now these presents witness that the said Contractor covenants with the said Board to supply to the said Board all or any of such articles mentioned above, or any portions or quantity thereof, which may be required by the said Board, at the rates mentioned in the said tender, and that the said articles, and each of them, shall be of the best quality and in strict accordance with the said specification, which is incor- porated with and made part of this contract. And shall be delivered by the said Contractor at such times and places, and in such manner and quantities, as shall be directed by the Secretary-Treasurer of the said Board. And the said Board covenant with the said Contractor that if he shall duly and properly execute and perform the said work to the satisfaction of the said Secretary-Treasurer and the Board, and shall observe and keep all the conditions and covenants herein contained, they, the said Board, will pay for the articles so supplied, at the rates mentioned in the said tender, such payments to be made upon the certificate of the said Secretary- Treasurer and the Chairman of the Committee aforesaid. Provided that a drawback of per cent, of the price of the articles so supplied shall be retained by the said Board until the completion of this contract ; and provided, also, that if at any time the articles supplied under this contract, or any of them, shall not, in the opinion of the said Secretary- Treasurer or of the Committee, be suitable or satisfactory, either in quantity or quality, or in the time or manner of delivery, or in any respect whatever, the said Secretary- Treasurer shall immediately give notice thereof to the Con- Forms. 469 tractor, and report the same with all convenient speed to the Committee aforesaid, who may, at the expiration of days from the giving of such notice, declare this contract forfeited, and make new provision for the supply of the articles hereby contracted for during the remainder of the term, and the expenses occasioned b}' and incidental to the granting of such new contract may be recovered from the said Contractor or his sureties, as money paid at his or their request, and the said Contractor shall also forfeit as liquidated damages any money due hereunder then remaining in the hands of the said Board. And it is also understood and agreed that the Board shall not be liable for, and will not pay for, any articles rejected or condemned by the said Secretary-Treasurer or Committee, and will not pay any or other estimate unless the articles so rejected have been promptly replaced by others, to the satisfaction of the said Secretary-Treasurer. In witness whereof the said Contractor has hereunto set his hand and seal, and the said Board have hereunto affixed their corporate seal, by , Esquire, Chairman, counter- signed by , Esquire, Secretary-Treasurer, of the said Board. Signed, sealed, and delivered! i in the presence of Chairman. Secretary -Treasurer 60. Bond of Contractor. Know all men by these presents that , of the of , in the County of , hereinafter called the 470 Forms. Principal, and , of the same place, and , of the same place, severally held and firmly bound unto " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," {or, " The Public School Board," «s the case may be,) each in the penal sum of dollars of lawful money of Canada, to be paid to the said " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," {or, "The Public School Board," as the case may be,) or to their certain attorneys, successors or assigns, for which payment, well and truly to be made, we severally bind ourselves, and each of us, our several and respective heirs, executors, and administrators forever, firmly by these presents- Sealed with our several seals. Dated this da}' of , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety . Whereas, by the annexed written articles of agreement, the said Principal having contracted with " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," {or, "The Public School Board," as the case may be,) for the supply of certain articles to the said Board at the prices and upon the terms and conditions, and for the period in the said articles of agreement more fully set forth, and having been required to furnish satisfactory security for the fulfilment of the said agreement, the said sureties have consented to become sucb security, and to execute these presents. Now the condition of this obligation is such, that if the said Principal shall well, truly, and faithfully execute, com- plete, and carry out the said contract, and all the terms and conditions thereof for the period therein mentioned, to the satisfaction of the , of the said " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Town- ship of , in the County of ," {or, " The Public School Board," as the case may be,) and shall indemnify and keep indemnified the said "The Board of Public School Forms. 471 Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," {or, "The Public School Hoard," as the case may be,) and all the officers, servants, and agents thereof, from all and all manner of damage, loss, expense, suits, claims, and demands arising out of any breach of the said contract, or of any of the covenants or conditions therein contained, then this obligation shall be void, else to remain in full force. And it is hereby declared and agreed that the above bounden sureties shall be liable as principals, and nothing of any kind or matter whatsoever that will not discharge the said Principal shall operate as a discharge or release of liability to the said sureties, or any or either of them, any law or usage relating to the liability of sureties to the contrary notwithstanding. Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of 61. Contract for School Buildings. This agreement, made and entered into this day of , one thousand eight hundred and ninety , between -, of the of , in the County of , here- inafter called the Contractor, of the first part ; and " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," [or, "The Public School Board " (as the case may be),] hereinafter called the " Board," of the second part. Whereas the said Board, through their Committee on Sites and Buildings, having advertised for tenders for on land and premises of the Board, situated on [here state location of premises in the township, village, town, or city, as the case may bc\ according to the specifications hereinafter referred to, the said Contractor did put in the tender, hereto annexed, and marked " One," for the said work, at the rates therein mentioned, which said tender was accepted. 472 Forms. Now these presents witness that the said party of the first part, the Contractor, for the consideration hereinafter men- tioned, does hereby for his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, covenant, promise, and agree to and with the said Board, their successors and assigns, in manner following, that is to say : To well and sufficiently execute and perform the whole of the work mentioned in such tender, and in the specifications, plans and profiles relating thereto, (and which specifications are numbered " Two," and the plans and profiles identified by the signature of the said Contractor) in a true, perfect, and thorough workmanlike manner, in strict accord- ance with the said specifications, plafis and profiles, which are hereby made part of this contract as if imbodied herein [except in so far as they may be inconsistent herewith, in which case the provisions of this contract shall prevail] according to the directions and to the satisfaction, and under the direction and personal supervision of the Superintendent of Buildings of the said Board, in charge of the said works, and to the satisfaction of the said Board ; finding all proper and sufficient material, tools, plant, labor, and workmanship necessary for the proper execution of the same in the manner aforesaid. And that the said works shall not be commenced until a written order there- for has been signed by the said Superintendent of Buildings, and shall be fully and satisfactorily completed as aforesaid, and possession thereof given to the said Board on or before unless a longer period shall be allowed therefor b}^ resolution of the said Committee on Sites and Buildings. And the said Board for themselves and their successors covenant with the said Contractor that if the said work and every part thereof shall be duly and properly executed as afore- said, according to the directions of the said Superintendent of Buildings and to his satisfaction and that of the said Board, and if the said Contractor shall strictly observe, keep and perform all the terms, covenants and conditions of this con- tract hereinafter contained, they, the said Board, will pay the said Contractor therefor at the rates mentioned in the said Forms. 473 tender (which are to include all extras except as hereinafter provided), by payments, to be made during the progress of the work, upon the certificate of the said Superintendent of Buildings and the Chairman of the Committee aforesaid ; said payments so to be made that when the work is completed and I ready for the Board's acceptance, there shall remain in the ! hands of the Board twenty per cent, of the contract sum. Provided that no money shall become due or payable on this contract until such certificate shall have been granted, and that a drawback of ten per cent, of the amount appearing by any certificate to be due shall be retained by the said Board for thirty-one days from the date of the final certificate show- ing the satisfactory completion of the said works. Provided also that the Board shall not be liable to pay for any work rejected or condemned by the said Superintendent of Buildings, or to pay any money upon any certificate until the work so rejected or condemned has been replaced by new material and workmanship, to the satisfaction of the Superintendent of Buildings, or to pay for any extras not included in the specifi- cations, unless ordered in writing by the said Superintendent of Buildings. And it is further understood that in case of several con- tractors being employed, the work of no trade is to be con- sidered complete till all the other contracts are also completed. Provided that in respect of the said payments, a progress certificate shall be obtained from and signed by the said ! Superintendent of Buildings, that he considers the payment properly due, said certificate, however, in no way lessening the total and final responsibility of the Contractor, neither shall it exempt the Contractor from Hability to replace work if it be afterwards discovered to have been badly done, or not according to the drawings and specifications, either in execution or materials. It is hereby further agreed by and between the said parties as follows, that is to say : — ist. The said Contractor to indemnify and keep indemni- 474 Forms. fied the said Board, and the officers, servants, and agents thereof, from all and all manner of loss, damage or injury, suits, claims, liens and demands on account of the said works,. or incurred by reason or in consequence of the execution there- of, or the supply of material therefor. And to pay to the said Board on demand any expenses sustained by them in con- sequence of such suits or claims, or any money paid by them in settlement thereof or in discharge of any lien upon the said works which may be registered under the provisions of the statutes in that behalf; or that the amounts so paid or payable by the said Board may be deducted by them from any moneys of the said Contractor then remaining in their hands, or may be recovered from the said Contractor or his sureties as money paid at his or their request. And the said Contractor doth hereby authorize and empower the said Board or their solicitor for the time being to settle or defend any of such claims or suits as the said Board or solicitor may deem expedient, hereby agreeing to ratify and confirm the acts of the said Board or their solicitor in that behalf, and to pay to the said solicitor on demand their reasonable cost of defending such suits as they may deem it expedient to defend. 2nd. The said Contractor to pay to the said Board on demand the sum of dollars per day for every day's delay beyond the day above named for the completion of any of the said works to the satisfaction of the said Superintendent of Build- ings, or that the same may be deducted from the amount due to the said Contractor on this or any other contract, or recovered as liquidated damages from the said Contractor or his sureties. 3rd. That all differences that may arise in the carrying out of this contract shall be referred to the award, order, arbitrament, final end and determination of the Superintendent of Buildings, in charge of the said work, so as the said Arbitrator shall make and publish his award in writing of and concerning such differences within the space of fifteen days after he shall have been requested in writing by either party to decide concerning Forms. 475 the matter in difference, and that each of the said parties hereto shall obey, perform, observe, fulfil, and keep the award of such Arbitrator so as to be made as aforesaid, and shall not nor will do any act, matter, or thing to delay, hinder, or pre- vent the said Arbitrator from making his award, and that this submission and reference may be made a Rule of Court. 4th. In case the works are not carried on with such expedi- tion and with such materials and workmanship as the Super- intendent of Buildings may deem proper, then, with the special and written consent of the Committee on Sites and Buildings, the Superintendent of Buildings shall be at liberty to give the Contractor two days' notice in writing to supply such additional force or material as in the opinion of the said Superintendent of Buildings is necessary, and the Contractor failing to supply the same, it shall then be lawful for the said Committee to dismiss the said Contractor and to employ other persons to finish the work ; and all payments made on account thereof to such other persons shall be deemed pay- ments on account of the contract, but without prejudice to the right to recover from the said Contractor any money in excess of the contract price, which may be paid for so finishing the works, or any other damage caused by breach of this contract. But if any balance on the amount of this contract remains after completion, in respect of work done during the time of the defaulting Contractor, the same shall belong to or the person legally representing . 5th. And the said Contractor, upon receiving notice that the contract has been so declared forfeited, will forthwith give peaceable possession of the said works to the said Board, and that the costs and expense occasioned by and incidental to the making of such new arrangements for the completion of the said work maybe deducted from any moneys of the said Contractor in the hands of the said Board, or recovered from the said Contractor or his sureties as money paid at his or their request ; and that the said Con- 476 Forms. tractor shall also forfeit to the said Board any money due or to become due under this or any other contract. 6th. If required, a certificate shall, in each case, be obtaine '. by the Contractor from the proper Registrar of the of , and from any other office, where Mechanics' liens or cautions ma}' be recorded, signed by said Registrar, Master of Titles, or other officer, that he has examined the records and finds no Mechanics' liens, cautions or claims recorde'. against the land of the proprietors, on account of the said Contractor ; and thereupon, and on or before the expiration of said thirty-one days after the completion of the said works, a final certificate shall be obtained from and signed by the said architect, certifying to the balance due to the Contractor on the said contract, and for all extras in respect thereof. But if such final certificate shall be refused by said architect fraudulently or in collusion with the said Board, the said Con- tractor shall, nevertheless, after the expiration of the said thirty-one days, be entitled to proceed at law to enforce pay- ment of the balance due to him under the said contract, and for all extra works in respect thereof, and the production of a final certificate shall not in that case be a condition precedent to the right of the said Contractor to recover the amount justly due and owing to him, and such balance and the amount due in respect of extras shall be recovered, if justly due, without the necessity for the production in evidence of an}- final certifi- cate, if refused for any of the causes aforesaid, and the right of action hereby given shall not be controlled by the arbitration clause hereinafter set forth, 7th. The Contractor, at his own proper cost and charges, is to provide all manner of labor, material, apparatus, scaffold- ing, utensils and cartage of every description, needful for the due performance of the several works, and render all due and sufficient facilities to the Superintendent of Buildings and the Clerk of the Works for the proper inspection of the work and materials which are to be under their control ; and the Super- intendent may require the Contractor to dismiss any workman Forms. 477 or workmen who may be incompetent, uncivil or abusive, the workmen and Contractor being only admitted to the j^round for the purpose of the proper execution of the works ; and the Contractor shall and will during the whole time of building give due personal attendance, either by or by a competent foreman for each trade as may be required upon the execution of all the works aforesaid, and take effectual care that the same be carried on, executed, and performed with such expedition and despatch so as to be in ever}- respect completed by the day provided for the completion thereof, subject onlv to such pro- \'ision for an extension of time as is herein provided. The Contractor shall deliver up the works to the Board in perfect repair, clean and in good condition, when complete. The Contractor shall not sub-let the works, or any part thereof, without the consent, in writing, of the Sites and Buildings Committee. 8th. Should the said Committee at any time during the progress of the said works require any alterations of, or deviations or omissions from, or additions to the said plans and specifications, the Superintendent of Buildings, with the written consent, in ever}' case, of the said Committee, shall have the right and power to make such change or changes, and the same shall in no w4se affect or make void the contract, but the value of work omitted shall be deducted from the amount of contract by a fair and reasonable valuation, and as to any additional work required in alterations the amount to be paid therefor shall be agreed upon in writing before commencing such additions, and such agreement shall state also the extension of time (if any) which is to be granted by reason thereof ; pro- vided that in estimating the value of such alterations or additions regard shall be had to any loss, outlay, or damage necessarily and reasonably sustained by the Contractor in the preparations to comply with the original drawings and speci- fications. 9th. In event of the Contractor at any time during the progress of the work delivering any material at the works not 478 Forms. in strict accordance with the provisions of the specifications as regards quahty or otherwise, the Superintendent of Buildini^s shall be at liberty to order the removal of such objectionable material forthwith by the Contractor or his agent ; and in the event of the Contractor or his agent refusing or neglect- ing to comply with any order so given, the said Superin- tendent of Buildings shall cause such objectionable material to be removed at the expense of the Contractor, and give orders on the Board, as occasion may require, for the cost of and incidental to such removal, and the amount of all such orders so given shall be deducted from any moneys due or to accrue due to the Contractor, or may be recovered by action by the said Board from the Contractor or his sureties in any Court of competent jurisdiction. loth. All figured or written dimensions on drawings or specifications to supersede the measurement by scale. nth. The Board will not in any manner be answerable or accountable for any loss or damage by fire or otherwise that shall or may happen to the said works, or any part or parts thereof, respectively, or for any of the materials or other things used and employed in finishing and completing the said works, or for injury to any person or persons, either workmen or the public, or for damage to adjoining property from an}^ cause which might have been prevented by the Contractor or his workmen, or any one employed by him, against all which injuries and damages to persons or property the Contractor having control over such work must properly guard and make good all damage from whatever cause, whether by fire or otherwise, and be strictly responsible for the same. 1 2th. The Board may insure the building from time to time during the course of erection. 13th. All work and material, as delivered on the premises to form part of the works, are to be considered the property of the Board, and are not to be removed without their consent ; but the Contractor shall have the right to remove all surplus material after he has completed the works herein contracted for. Forms. 479 14th. Should any work be delayed beyond the time men- tioned in this agreement, by reason of the inclemency of the weather, or by reason of general strikes of a particular trade, the Superintendent of Buildings shall have full power, with the written consent in such case of the Committee, to extend the time for the completion of the works, making a just and reasonable extension for that purpose. 15th. All drawings and specifications in possession of the Contractor shall be returned to the Superintendent of Build- ings by the Contractor before the final certificate is issued. i6th. And it is further agreed that, in every case herein- before mentioned, time shall be the essence of this contract. 17th. Provided always, and it is further covenanted between the parties hereto, that if from any cause whatsoever the said Contractor shall make default or shall abandon the contract entered into by these presents, or depart this Province before the same is completed, being indebted to the agents, workmen, or laborers employed by him for work done under this con- tract, or if upon the completion thereof by the said Contractor shall be so indebted to such agent, workmen, or laborers, it shall and may be lawful for the said Board, and they are hereby expressly authorized by the said Contractor, out of any money or moneys that may be in their hands coming to the said Con- tractor, under this contract, to pay such agents, workmen and j laborers on account of such indebtedness an amount equal to I one fortnight's wages, provided so much shall be owing to them i as aforesaid, and the receipt or receipts of such agents, work- men, or laborers, for the said fortnight's wages, or so much thereunder as shall have been so due as aforesaid, shall be a good and valid discharge and discharges of and for so much money due to the said Contractor under these presents. In witness whereof the said parties to these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written, that is to say, the said party of the first part proper hand and seal, and the said parties of the second part 480 Forms. their corporate seal, by , Esquire, Chairman, countersigned by , Secretary-Treasurer, of the said Board. Signed, sealed, and delivered] in presence of 62. Bond of Contractor. Know all men by these presents that we , of the , in the County of '—, hereinafter called the Principal , and , of the same place, and , of the same place, hereinafter called the sureties, are severally held and firmly bound unto " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of — , in the County of ," [or, "The Public School Board" {as the case may be),] each in the penal sum of dollars of lawful money of Canada, to be paid to the said "The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," [or, " The Public School Board " (as the case may be),] or to their certain attorne}^ successors or assigns, for which payment, well and truly to be made, we jointly and severally bind ourselves, our and each of our several and respective heirs, executors and administrators, and every one of them forever, firmly by these presents. Sealed with our several and respective seals. Dated this day of , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety . Whereas, by certain articles of agreement, bearing even date with the above obligation, the above bounden Principal having contracted and agreed with the above named, " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," [or, "The Public School Board " {as the case may be),] to in the said articles of agreement, and in the plans and specifi- cations belonging thereto, more particularly mentioned and Forms. 481 described, at the prices and upon the terms and conditions in the said articles of agreement and specifications more fully set forth, and, having been required to furnish good and sufficient security for the due and proper fuHilment of the said agree- ment, the above bounden sureties have consented to become such security, and to execute these presents. Now the condition of the above obligation is such, that if the above bounden Principal shall, well and truly, faithfully in all respects perform, execute, and carry out the said contract and all the terms and conditions thereof to the satisfaction of the Superintendent of Buildings in charge, and of the said " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Township of , in the County of ," [or, "The Public School Board " {as the case may be),] and shall indemnify and keep indemnified the said " The Board of Public School Trustees for School Section , of the Town- ship of , in the County of ," [or, " The —Public School Board " {as the case may be),] and all the officers, servants and agents thereof, from all and all manner of loss, damage, expense, suits, claims, liens and demands arising out of the said contract, or incurred by reason of the execution of the said works, or the supply of material therefor, according to the terms of the said contract, then this obligation to be null and void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue. And it is hereby declared and agreed that the above bounden sureties shall be liable as principals, and nothing of any kind or matter whatsoever that will not discharge the said Principal shall operate as a discharge or release of liability to us, the said sureties, or any or either of us, any law or usage relating to the liability of sureties to the contrary notwithstanding. Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of 31 BY^ LAWS. I. PROCEEDINGS AT THE INAUGURAL MEETING. 1. The Inaugural Meeting of the Board shall be held on the third Wednesday in January at the hour of seven o'clock in the afternoon, or at such other hour on the same day as may have been fixed by resolution of the former Board, at the usual place of meeting of the Board. The Secretary of the Board shall preside at the election of Chairman, and read the returns of elections to the Board as certified to him by the City {or Town) Clerk. 2. The Board shall then proceed to elect a Chairman. The vote shall be by ballot, without nominations {or, as the case may be). A majority of the votes cast shall be necessary to an election, and, in case of an equality of votes, the member who is assessed as a ratepayer for the largest sum on the last revised assessment roll shall have a second or casting vote in addition to his or her vote as a member. 3. Immediately following the election of Chairman the Board shall adjourn for a short time, and the senior members present shall be a Special Committee to meet at once for the purpose of striking the Standing Committees. The Board resuming, the report of the Special Committee shall be presented. The Standing Committees shall be constituted as follows : — (i) Finance — the Chairmen of the Standing Com- mittees and three other members. (2) Management — two members from each ward. By-Laws. ^^3 (3) Property— two members from each ward. (4) Supply — six members. (5) Night School— six members. 4. Immediately following the adjournment of the Board the Chairman of the Board shall call each of the Standing Com- mittees to order, and each Committee shall then appoint a Chairman for the ensuing year. 5. The Chairman of the Board shall be ex officio a member of all Committees. II. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. The officers of the Board shall consist of a Chairman and the following salaried officials :— Two Inspectors, Secretary- Treasurer, Superintendent of Buildings, and Solicitor, who shall hold office during pleasure. III. MEETINGS OF THE BOARD. 1. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the first and third Thursday of each month, commencing at 7.45 o'clock P.M., unless otherwise ordered by special motion, or unless such Thursday shall fall on a statutory or civic holiday, in which case the Board shall meet on the evening of the following day at the same hour. 2. Unless there shall be a quorum present within one-quarter of an hour after the time appointed for the meeting of the Board, it shall stand adjourned until the next day of meeting; and the Secretary shall record the names of the members present at the expiration of such quarter-hour. 3. The Board shall not remain in session later than 11 o'clock P.M., unless it is otherwise determined by a two-thirds vote of the members present. 4. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the 484 By-Laws. Chairman on his own responsibihty at any time, and it shall be his duty, or, in his absence, the duty of the Secretary, to convene such special meetings whenever requested to do so by a written requisition, signed by members of the Board. IV. RULES OF ORDER. 1. A majority of the members of the Board, when present at any meeting, shall constitute a quorum, and the vote of the majority of such quorum shall be necessary to bind the Board. 2. At the hour of meeting the Chairman shall take the chair, and the members shall be called to order. 3. In case the Chairman shall not be in attendance, the Secretary shall call the meeting to order until a chairman shall be chosen, who shall preside until the arrival of the Chairman. 4. In the absence of the Chairman, any person appointed to act as chairman by the majority of those present shall preside, and the Chairman or person so acting may vote with the other members on all questions, and any question on which there is an equality of votes shall be deemed to be negatived. 5. When the Chairman is called on to decide a point of order or practice, he shall state the rule applicable to the case, without argument or comment. 6. The ruling of the Chairman shall be subject to an appeal to the Board without debate. 7. Upon a division of the Board, the names of those who vote for and of those who vote against the question shall be entered upon the Minutes when any member demands the yeas and nays before the vote shall have been taken. 8. If the Chairman desires to leave the chair for the purpose of taking part in the debate, or for any other purpose, he shall By-Laws. 485 call one of the members to fill his place until lie r('<;iimes the chair. 9. Any member desiring to speak must rise in his or her place, and, standing uncovered, address the Chairman. The latter, on being addressed, shall call the member by name, and such member may then, but not before, proceed to addro<^'^ the Board. 10. No member while speaking shall be interrupted by another, except upon a point of order, or for the purpose of explanation. The member so interrupting shall coniine him- self strictly to the point of order or the e.xplanation. 11. Any member called to order from the chair shall sit down, but may afterwards explain, and the Board, if appealed to, shall decide the case, but without debate ; if there be no appeal, the decision of the Chairman shall be final. 12. No member shall speak longer than a quarter of an hour on the same subject without leave of the Board, nor shall any member, except in explanation, speak more than once upon any question or motion ; but the mover shall be allowed to reply. 13. Any member of the Board may require the question under discussion to be read at any part of the debate, but not so as to interrupt a speaker. 14. Notice in writing shall be given of all motions for intro- ducing new matter, other than matters of privilege and petitions, at a meeting previous to that at which it comes up for discus- sion, unless such notice be dispensed with by a two-thirds vote of the members present. 15. Any matter, when once decided by the Board, shall not be reintroduced during the year, unless by a two-thirds vote of the members then present. 16. No matter shall be entertained and considered by the Board until it has been referred to the Committee having proper 486 By-Laws. cognizance of the same, and until such Committee has reported thereon, unless by a two-thirds vote of the members present. 17. A motion must be put in writing, and seconded, before it is stated by the Chairman, and then it shall be disposed of only by a vote of the Board, unless the mover, by permission of the Board, withdraws it. 18. Any member who has given notice of a motion may withdraw the same with the unanimous leave of the Board, or, in like manner, it may be allowed to stand. 19. No member of the Board shall have more than one vote on any question, whether in Committee of the Whole, or any other Committee. 20. The Order of Business shall be as follows : — (i) Calling Roll and Noting Members Absent. (2) Prayer. (3) Reading the Minutes. (4) Reading Communications, Petitions, etc., to the Board. (5) Reports of Standing and Special Committees, and of the Inspectors. (6) Enquiries. (7) Notices of Motion. (8) Consideration of Reports. (9) Unfinished Business from Previous Meetings. (10) Motions. (11) General Business. No variation in the foregoing Order of Business shall be permitted, unless by a two-thirds vote of the members present, which shall be taken without debate. By-Laws. 487 21. When a question is under debate, no motion shall l>u received except : — (i) To adjourn. (2) The previous question. (3) To lay on the table. (4) To postpone. (5) To commit. (6) To amend. A motion to adjourn, for the previous question, or to lay on the table, shall be put without debate. 22. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order, but no second motion to the same effect shall be made until some business shall have intervened. 23. A motion for commitment, until it is decided, shall preclude all amendments of the main question. 24. The previous question, until it is decided, shall preclude all amendments of the main question, and shall be put without debate in the following words : " Shall this question be now put ? " and if the motion be carried the original question shall be put forthwith, without any amendment or debate. 25. All amendments shall be put in the reverse order in v/hich they are moved, except in tilling up blanks, when the longest time and the largest sum shall be put first ; and every amendment submitted shall be in writing, and be decided upon, or withdrawn, before the main question is put to the vote. Only one amendment shall be allowed to an amendment, and any amendment more than one must be to the main question. 26. In all motions for the appointment of any member of the Board, or of any other person, to any office other than that of Chairman, the names of all candidates shall be submitted before any vote is taken, and the candidates shall be voted on separately in the order in which they are proposed. 488 By-Laws. 27. When the question under consideration contains distinct propositions, the vote upon each proposition shall be taken separately, upon the request of any member. 28. No member shall speak to the question after it is finally put by the Chairman, nor shall any other motion be made until after the result is declared ; and the decision of the Chairmari as to whether the question has been finally put shall be conclusive. 2g. Whenever the Chairman is of opinion that a motion offered to the Board is contrary to the rules and privileges thereof, he shall apprise the members immediately before putting the question thereon, and quote the rule or authority' applicable to the case, without argument or comment. 30. A report from the Committee of the Whole may be amended by a majority of the Board, before its adoption, with- out going back into Committee of the Whole for that purpose. 31. Whenever the Chairman shall adjourn the Board for w^ant of a quorum, the time of adjournment, and the names of the members then present, shall be recorded in the Minutes. 32. When the Board shall determine to go into Committee of the Whole, the Chairman shall name, in alphabetical order^ the member who shall take the chair. 23- The member introducing a petition or motion upon any subject which may be referred to a Special Committee shall be one of the Committee without being named by the Board,, and be the Chairman thereof. Any member of the Board may be placed upon a committee. 34. All petitions or communications on any subject within the cognizance of a Standing Committee shall, on presenta- tion, be referred by the Chairman to the proper committee without any motion ; but it shall be competent for the Board, by a two-thirds vote, to enter upon the immediate considera- tion thereof. 35. The rules of parliamentary practice not inconsistent with By-Laws. 489 these rules shall g^overn the Board in all cases to which they are applicable, « V. COMMITTEES, 1. The rules of the Board shall be observed in Committee of the Whole, except the rules respecting the yeas and nays, and limiting the number of times of speaking; and no motion for the previous question, or for an adjournment, can be received ; but a member may at any time move that the Chairman leave the chair, or report progress, or ask leave to sit again ; and all original motions shall be put in the order in which thrv are proposed, and shall not require to be seconded, 2. On motion in Committee to rise and report, the (lucstion shall be decided without debate. 3. Committees appointed to report on any subject referred to them by the Board shall report a statement of facts, and also their opinion thereon in writing; and it shall be the duty of the Chairman, or acting Chairman, to sign and present the report. 4. A minority of any Committee may have a Minorit\- Report presented by the Chairman of the Committee in the same manner as the Majority Report is presented, 5. Committees shall have power, in cases of emergency, to spend an amount not exceeding fifty dollars, but no Committee shall enter into any contract or agreement involving the pay- ment of money to an amount exceeding fifty dollars until such contract or agreement has been approved of by the Board, 6. No Committee shall exceed the appropriation made to such Committee for any purpose, nor shall a Committee, with- out the approval of the Finance Committee and of the Board, expend money appropriated to any one purpose on any other work or service.- 7. The Secretary shall produce to the respective Committees all documents referred to such Committees. 490 By-Laws. 8. Reports of all Standing Committees shall be printed before presentation to the Board, and shall contain the names of the members of such Committees'present at the meetings at which such reports were adopted ; and if at any time a meeting of any of the Committees shall be called, but at the time appointed a quorum is not present, the Chairman, or, in his absence, the Secretary, shall report the fact to the Board at the next meeting, giving the names of the members present. 9. A majority of the members appointed to compose any Standing or Special Committee, exclusive of any ex ojficio member, shall be a quorum, competent to transact business. 10. Special meetings of a Standing Committee may be called by the Chairman thereof whenever he shall consider it neces- sary to do so ; and it shall be the duty of the Chairman, or, in his absence, of the Secretary, to summon a special meeting of a Committee whenever requested in writing to do so by a majority of the members thereof. 11. The business of the respective Standing and Special Committees shall be conducted under the following regula- tions : — (i) The Rules of the Board, as far as maybe applicable, shall be observed. (2) No motion shall be required to be seconded. (3) No motion for the previous question shall be allowed. (4) The number of times of speaking on any question shall not be limited. (5) The Chairman shall preside at every meeting, and vote on all questions submitted. (6) Any question on which there is an equality of votes shall be deemed to be negatived. (7) In the absence of the Chairman, one of the other members shall be elected to preside, and shall discharge the duties of the Chairman for the meeting, or until the arrival of the Chairman. By-Laws. ^,^, (8) The Chairman shall sip^n all such orders and dcKU- ments as the Committee may properly order. <9) The minutes of all transactions of every Committee shall be accurately entered in a book provided for that purpose, and at each meeting the minutes of the preceding meeting shall be submitted for confirmation or amendment, and after they have received the approval of a majority of the members present they shall be signed by the Chairman. v-Lavvs. Board ; give all the necessary notices of application for such Acts, and attend to the passage thereof through the Legislature. 3. Prepare all contracts as hereinafter provided, and agree- ments between the Board and the officers, teachers, and care- takers. 4. Prepare all contracts for building and repairing in dupli- cate; when completed, deposit one with the Secretary-Treasurer and the other with the Superintendent of Buildings. Contracts for supplies need not be in duplicate, and, when completed, will be lodged with the Secretary-Treasurer. 5. Prepare or revise all advertisements for tenders before the same are published, revise all draft reports of Committees recommending the acceptanceof tenders before same are signed, and generally revise and promptly report upon every contract matter or act by which the Board could in any way incur liability before the same has been finally passed upon by the Board. 6. With the Secretary attend at the office of the Assessment Commissioner, or other proper officer, at the proper times in each year, and examine the names and addresses of all persons and corporations rated as supporters of other than Public Schools, and see that all persons and corporations who should be rated as supporters of Public Schools are so rated, and report at the earliest possible date to the Finance Committee the result of his investigations. In the absence of special instructions to the contrar3^ it shall be the duty of the Solicitor in each case of incorrect assessment to take all necessary steps to appeal therefrom, and have all errors rectified and forthwith report to the Finance Committee that he has done so. 7. Advise the Board and Committees, and the Chairman of the Board, on any question of law submitted for that purpose ; and generally give due and proper attention to all the business pertaining to the Law Department of the Board, as may be required. Bv-Laws. 505 WI. DUTIES OF THE SUPERINTKNDEN i ()l i;r 1 1.1 >INGS. The Superintendent of Buildings sliall :^ 1. Attend all meetings of the Board and of the Propcrtv and Supply Committees, and of any other (ronimittee to which he may be called. 2. Make an Annual Report, and submit the same to the Board on or before the 15th day of January in each year, recording the value of the school buildings, sites, and furniture of the Board, noting the increase or depreciation in value as compared with the report of the previous year ; how each school is seated, and the condition of the seats and desks ; the system of heating and the amount of fuel consumed, and such other matters as should be reported. 3. Have charge of all supplies for the use of caretakers in the performance of their duties ; and, under the Supply Com- mittee, superintend the distribution of the same ; and keep a separate account thereof with each school, 4. Have, under the said Committee, the care of the furniture of the schools, and see that all furniture supplied to the schools is strictly according to the contract under which it is purchased. 5. Report in detail to the Property Committee on or before the first day of April in each year the improvements and repairs which, in his opinion, shall be undertaken by the Board during the year. 6. Prepare all necessary plans and specifications, and work- ing drawings with proper tracings, estimates, etc., for all build- ings of whatever kind to be erected by the Board, and also of the repairs when ordered by the Property Committee, such plans to be the exclusive property of the Board. 7. Superintend all buildings in course of erection, visit them as often as may be deemed advisable, and see that all work and materials conform strictly to contract. 5o6 Bv-Laws. 8. Report to the Property Committee at meetings thereof the progress of buildings in course of erection, and that in respect to character and time they are being erected according to the contract, as the case may be. g. Certify all accounts passing through his office, and be responsible for the correctness thereof. 10. Superintend all repairs ordered by the Property and Supply Committees. 11. Have authority to order any small repairs requiring immediate attention, not involving an expenditure of more than ten dollars, and report the same to the proper Committee at the next meeting thereof. 12. Have charge, under the proper Committee, of all the supplies and materials for repairs, superintend the distribution of the same, keeping a proper record thereof for each school, in books provided for the purpose. 13. Have the supervision and control, under the direction of the Property Committee, of all caretakers employed by the Board. 14. Have authority, with the approval of the Chairman of the Board, to suspend any caretaker neglecting duty, supply the vacancy, and report the same to the Property Committee at the next meetinsr thereof. 'h 15. See that all buildings, grounds, and other property belonging to the Board, in charge of caretakers, are kept in a good and cleanly condition, and that the caretakers fulhl their duties in all respects according to the By-Laws. 16. Attend to the proper warming and ventilation of the schools, and to repairs in steam-heating apparatus, furnaces, stoves, and stove-pipes. 17. Inspect all school buildings periodically, and keep a record of the condition thereof at the time of such visit in a book to be kept for that purpose. By-Laws. 507 18. Provide himself with a horse and conveyance, and keep and maintain the same at his own expense. ig. Have charj^e, under the direction of the Property Com- mittee, of all mechanics and laborers employed by the Hoard, and keep a record of their services. 20. Attend in his office from 2 to 4 p.m. on Mondavs, Wednesdays, and Fridays. XVII. DUTIES OF THK SPECIAL TEACHERS AND THE DKILI. INSTRUCTOR. 1. Each of the special teachers shall, at the close of each term, report fully to the Senior Inspector upon the work under the charge of the teacher during the term. 2. The Drill Instructor shall :— {a) Give instruction in drill to the pupils of the Public Schools, under the direction of the Management Committee. (b) Attend all meetings of the Board and perform such other duties as may be required of him. XVIII. AMENDMENTS. No amendment or addition to any by-law or regulation or resolution of the Board shall be made unless due notice setting forth the proposed amendment or addition shall havr been given at a meeting previous to that at which the same comes up for discussion, and it shall require a two-thirds vote- to carry any amendment or addition, and all by-laws, regula- tions, and resolutions of the Board inconsistent with these By-Laws are hereby repealed. 5o8 Bv-Laws. SCHEDULE '*A." Return of Expenditure and Liabilities incurred by Committee on. up to i8. . . . I certify the above to be a correct Return. Committee Room, li AVAILABLE. Expended. Asc'rt'ned and Esti- mated Lia- bilities. Total Ex- penditure and Lia- bilities. BALANCE. SERVICE. Balance from 1 8 — . Appropr'ns i8— . Total. Surplus. Deficit. Chairmav. SCHEDULE '*B." Return by the Finance Committee of the Expenditure and Liabilities incurred by the several Committees up to i8 . . . . (Part I. Per Treasurer's Books.) Expended. (Part 2. Per Returns from Committees, etc.) SERVICE. AVAILABLE. Asc'rt'ned and Esti- mated Lia- bilities. Total Ex- penditure and Lia- bilities. Balance. Balance from 1 8 — . Appropr'ns i8— . Total. Surplus. Deficit. Treasurer's Office, i8. Chairman. INDEX. INDEX. A ABSENCE From board meetings, when officeof trustee vacated \>), 34, 2^7,301. Seat of trustee vacated by, must be declared vacant by remaining trustees, 227, 301, Departmental Regulations as to, of pupils from Public Schools, 316. " " " " " examinations, 31S. ABSENT OWNER (See Rural School Sites.) ACCEPTANCE Of ofifice by trustees, what constitutes, 33. ACCOMMODATION To be provided by Rural School trustees, 53. For whom to be provided, 54, 55. What is adequate, 54, 55. Trustees to decide what, to be provided, 55. Trustees in cities, etc., to provide adequate, 145. Want of, excuses attendance under The Truancy Act, 243. High School trustees to provide adequate, 273. ACTIONS By teacher for salary to be brought within three months, 189, iqi. Pending proceedings not affected by amendments to The High Schools Act, i8gi, 309. ACTS One part may be construed by another, 14. Existing law to be considered in construing, 14- Cannot be altered by partial legislation without special reference, 14. General, rule of construction, 14. Particular, " " M- Court to determine intention of amending and repealing, 14. Interpretation of words in, 14. 51-2 Index. ADMISSION Must be accommodation to entitle children to, 22. Proper application must be made for, 22. Subject to provisions of The Public Health Act, 22. Of children entitled to attend Separate Schools, 22. Of non-resident pupils, 23. Who entitled to, 54, 55, 56. Children for whom Separate School established not entitled to, 54, 56. Children of indigent persons entitled to, without payment of rates, 56. Where no Separate School established for a class, children of such class entitled to, 56. Establishment of Separate School only suspends right to, 56. AFFIRMATIONS May be accepted from certain religious sects in lieu of oath, 211. From persons refusing or unwilling to take oath, 211. From persons incompetent to take oath, 211, 212. AGE Onus of proof of, lies on defendant in proceedings under The Truancy Act, 252. (See Full A:^e : School Age.) AGREEMENTS Between trustees and teachers to be in writing and under corporate seal, 187, 188. Trustees can only be charged in their corporate capacity under, 188. Teacher party to, must hold legal certificate, 188, 190. Between rural trustees and teacher must be adopted at regular or special school meeting, 188. Must be signed by two trustees, 188. Superintendent signing with trustees, not a contracting party, 189. Between trustees in cities, etc., and teacher must be assented to by a majority at a proper meeting of the board, 189. Action under, by teacher for salary, to be brought within three months, 189. Certificate of teacher refusing to carry out, may be suspended, 189. 'I'eachers in High Schools refusing to carry out, may be suspended by Education Department, 297. Index. 5,^ AGRICULTURE Education Department to regulate study of, 6. AID Prom municipal corporations to poor school sections, 158. ALCOHOLIC STIMULANTS Education Department to make regulations as to study of, 6. ALIENS t Who are, 192. ALTERATION IN BOUNDARIES Will not relieve trustees from liability for erection of schoolhousc, 53. (See School Boundaries.) ANNUAL MEETINGS In Rural School sections, to be called by trustees, 63. Notice of time, place, and object of, to be posted by trustees, 63. Trustees liable to fine for not giving proper notice of, 63. 230. Trustees to present annual report at, 64. What report to contain, 64. To be signed by trustees and auditors, 64. Resolution passed at, may be rescinded at special meeting, ')4. ANNUAL REPORTS To be presented by rural trustees at annual meeting, 64. What to contain, 64. To be signed by trustees and auditors, 64. Penalty for not sending, 64, 65, 237. Penalty for signing false, 64, 65, 237. Trustees in cities, etc., to transmit to Minister of Education. 151. When, 151. Penalty for not sending, 237. Penalty for making false, 237. ANNUAL RETURNS Rural trustees to transmit to inspector, 64. When, 64. Penalty for not sending, 64, 237. " " making false, 65, 237. How penalty recovered, 65, 237. APPARATUS (See School Apparatus. ) 33 514 Index. APPEALS To county council against township by-law altering school section, 105. To county council against neglect or refusal of township council to alter school section, 106. Who may appeal, 105. Time for appealing, 105, 106. Appointment of jirbitrators to hear. 106. Powers of arbitrators, 106. Against award for formation, etc., of union section, 1 17. Against refusal of township councils to appoint arbitrators, 115. When to be made to county council, 115. " " " Minister of Education, 116. Who may appeal, 115, 116. How appeal to be made, 115, 116. Time for appealing, 115, 116. To Minister of Education from decision of inspector suspending teacher's certificate, 195. From action in Division Court between teachers, inspectors, and trustees, 222. Stay of judgment to allow appeal to Minister, 223. Minister may appeal to High Court, 223. Division Court Judge to transmit suit papers to High Court, 223. Proceedings stayed after notice of appeal, 224. Certified copy of pleadings, etc., to be given to Minister, 224. Decision of High Court on appeal, 224. Proceedings in Division Court when appeal decided, 224. Costs of appeal, 224. From conviction under The Truancy Act to be heard as a special case, 251, 252. Revival of right to appeal with regard to validity of by-law establish- ing High School district, 260. Of pupil passing High School entrance examination to Minister, 295. Departmental Regulations respecting claims by candidates to have their papers re-read, 379. (See Unorganized Townships ; School Sections. ) APPRENTICES AND MINORS Powers of trustees in cities and towns over, 155. 156. Index. cjr ARBITRATION For adjustment of all claims on establishment of .1 i.-wn^hip hoard, 81, 82. Appointment of county inspector and two other arbitrators by township council, 8r. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 81, 82. For adjustment of claims on disunion of parts of municipalities on establishment of township board, 82, 83. Appointment of arbitrators to act with inspector, 82. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 83. To settle claims of school sections on repeal of by-law establishing township board, 83, 84. On disagreement as to selection of a school site, 88. Appointment of arbitrators, 88, 93. Inspector to act as arbitrator, 88, 207. Should be appointed at a special meeting, 88. May be appointed at a subsequent meeting, 87. Powers of, 88, 93. Who may be, 88. Should be notified by appointment in writing, 88. " accept office in writing, 88. Majority of arbitrators decides matter, 88. When inspector to act as umpire, 89. Arbitrators to be notified of meetings, 8g. Proceedings when one or more arbitrators absent, 89. 95. Meeting to be adjourned for ten days, 89, 95. Notice of second meeting to be sent to absent arbitrators, 89^ 95- When arbitrators may act in absence of other arbitrator, 89, 95. Neglect to notify absent arbitrator vitiates award, ijf. Duties of arbitrators, 89. To what extent arbitrators judges of admissibility of evidence, 89. When arbitrators may proceed ex parte, 89. Arbitrators to take evidence before parties or counsel, 89. " " receive all evidence tendered before closing, 89. " cannot delegate their powers, 89. " may delegate ministerial acts, 89. If no time fixed, award to be made in three months, 89. Time for making award may be enlarged, 89. 5i6 Index. ARBITRATION (Continued) Binding award cannot be made after expiration of time limited, 89. When time for making award may be extended, 90. Award to be in writing, 90. Arbitrators to execute award in presence of each other, and at same time, 90. Award may be made orally, 90. When award made, 90. Authority of arbitrators ceases after making award, 90. When corrections or alterations in award may be made, 90. When award published, 90. Form of award, 90. Arbitrators not bound to give reasons for their award, 90. Arbitrators may be called as witnesses to prove facts occurring during the reference, 90. Rights of parties to an arbitration, go. Costs of arbitration, 90, 96. When award bad, 91. Revocation of submission to arbitration, 91, 92. Fees of arbitrators, 91. Reconsideration of award as to selection of a school site, 92. Award to be binding for five years, 92. Powers of inspector when party neglects to appoint arbitrator, 93. When owner refuses to sell land selected for a school site, 92-98. Arbitrators to be appointed by owners and trustees, 92. Inspector to act with them to appraise damages, 92, 207. When owner can refuse to submit to, 93. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 94. To settle rights of claimants, 94. To notify claimants, 94. Award of arbitrators to constitute trustees' title, 95. Award to be registered, 95. When owner of land selected for a school site is absent, 98, 99. Proceedings to be taken by trustees, 98. Appointment of sole arbitrator by County Judge to determine com{)ensation, 99. Awird to constitute trustees' title to land, 100. " be registered, 100. Index. 317 ARBITRATION (Continued) On formation, dissolution, division, union, or alteration of school sections, 105. Appointment of arbitrators to hear appeal to county council against by-law of township council, 105. Appointment of arbitrators to hear appeals to county council against neglect or refusal of township council to alter, etc.. school boundaries, 106. Appointment of arbitrators, 106. Number of arbitrators, 106. Inspector to act as arbitrator, 106, 207. Duties and powers of arbitrators, 106. Who may be arbitrators, 107. When award of arbitrators to take effect, 107. How long an award to continue in force, 107. For adjustment of claims on formation, etc., of school sections, 108. Appointment of arbitrators by township council, 108. Duties and powers of arbitrators, loS. On formation, alteration, or dissolutionof union school sections,! 10. Appointment of arbitrators, no. Member of municipal council may not be an arbitrator, 1 10. Notice of appointment of arbitrators to be sent to inspectors, no. Inspectors to be ex officio arbitrators, no, 207. When County Judge to act as arbitrator, n 1 . First meeting of arbitrators : how, when, and l)y whom called, III, 208, Notice of first meeting to be given to municipal cleric; bv inspector, in, 208. Duties of arbitrators, 111-113. What award to set forth, 1T1-113. What arbitrators to determine, 112, 113. Award, or certified copy, to he filed with clerks of munici- palities concerned, 114. Award binding for five years, 114. On appeal to county council against award for the formation, etc., of union school sections, 115; or, against neglect or refusal of township councils to appoint arbitrators, 1 15. Appointment of arbitrators, 115. 5i8 Index. ARBITRATION (Continued) Who may not he arbitrators, 115. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 115. First meeting of arbitrators, 115. On appeal to Minister of Education against award for alteration or dissolution of a union school section lying within two or more counties, 115. Or, against refusal or neglect of township councils concerned to appoint arbitrators, 116. Appointment of arbitrators, 116. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 116. First meeting of arbitrators, 116. On adjustment of claims on annexation to a city or town of part of a school section, 119. Appointment of arbitrators, 119. Duties of arbitrators, 119. For equalization of union school assessments, 120, 121. Appointment of arbitrators, 120, 208. Duties of arbitrators, 120, 121. Award of arbitrators to be binding for three years, 120, 121. Reconsideration of award, 121. Procedure on, 121. Time for, 121. Award, altering sections, to be valid unless notice to set aside filed with township clerk, 121. Length of notice, 122. Who may give notice, 122. Applicant may attack award or by-law, 122. What deemed publication of award, 12^. When award confirmed, binding for three years, 123. Allowance to arbitrators, 212. Arbitrators to determine costs of, 212. Arbitrators cannot fix their own fees, 92, 212. On disagreement as to selection of High School sites, 275-277. Trustees and owner each to appoint arbitrator, 275. Senior County Judge to act as third arbitrator, 275. Duty of arbitrators, 275. Proceedings when owner refuses to appoint arbitrator, 276. Senior County Judge has casting vote, 276. Index. 51^ ARBITRATION (Continued) Powers of arbitrators, 276. Arbitrators to notify clainiaius, 276. Proceedings when one arbitrator absent, 277. Notice to absent arbitrator to be given, 277. Award of arbitrators to constitute title of trustees to land, 277. Award to be registered, 277. Costs of arbitration, 277. When owner of land selected for High School site absent, 278 280. Proceedings to be taken by trustees, 278-280. Appointment of sole arbitrator by County Judge, to determine compensation, 279. Award of arbitrator to constitute trustees' title to land, 28 1. Award to be registered, 281. ARBITRATORS (See Arbitration.) ARBOR DAY, 418 ART SCHOOLS How established, 4. ASSESSMENT Township councils to levy certain sums for school purposes, 1 58, 1 51;. How assessment made, 158. Who are to be assessors, 158, 159. Appeal from assessment, 159. Mode of, in certain union sections, 159. • City, town, or village councils to levy sums required for school purposes, 160. Necessity for assessment for school purposes may be submitted u- vote of electors, 160. Trustees may require municipal councils to raise money at any time by, 160. Municipal clerk to give copy of assessment to inspector, 160. Trustees entitled to see original, 161. Municipal clerk to furnish statement of assessment to each board of trustees, 161. Penalty to which clerk liable for neglect to do so, 161, 225. By municipal councils to establish Public School library, 161. 520 Index. ASSESSMENT (Continued) By municipal councils for aiding new or weak schools, i6i. " " " " support of Model Schools, i6i. " " " " supplementing teacher's salary, i6i. Municipal clerk to transmit to inspector statement showing rating of Separate School supporters, 162. Penalty to which clerk liable for neglect to do so, 162, 225. Separate School accounts to be deducted by inspector before payment of county grant, 162. Trustees of Separate School to receive payment of amount deducted, 162. Minutes of township council relating to school assessment to be sent to Minister of Education, 162. When, 163. (See School Sections ; Union School Sections ; Unorganized Townships Rates; School Rates.) ASSESSMENT ROLLS ( See Assessment ; School Sectiotis ; Unorganized Toivn ships.) ASSESSORS To make annual list of children between eight and fourteen years for purposes of The Truancy Act, 249. To return list to municipal clerk for use of truant officer, 249. (See Union School Sections; Assessment ; School Sections; Unor- ganized Townships.) ASSETS Of section dissolved to be disposed of by municipal council, 35. ASSISTANT TEACHERS Regulations respecting, in High Schools, 402, 403. " " qualification of, 402, 403. ASSOCIATE EXAMINERS Regulations respecting appointment of, to conduct Departmental examinations, 363. Regulations respecting duties of, 365, 366. B BALLOT (See Elections ; Trustees.) Index. 521 BOARDS Of trustees, what, 17. Of Rural School trustees, organization of, ;,(). Majority of, to form quorum, 39. To take security from secretary-treasurer, 39. Responsibility of, in case of neglect to take security, 39. May allow secretary-treasurer compensation for services, 41, May appoint secretary-treasurer school collector, 41. Special meeting of, to be called by secretary-treasurer, 4.-. In municipalities without county organization, how establishi il -(^ Powers of, 77. When to provide accommodation, 77. Of trustees, in cities, etc., first meeting of, 142. When to be held, 142. Change in hours of meeting, how made, 143. Who to preside at, 143. Election of chairman at, 143. Casting vote at, 143 Presiding officer of, 144. What constitutes a quorum, 144. Majority of quorum necessary to bind, 144. Acts of, done without a legal quorum, void, 144. Presumption as to quorum, 144. Meetings of, to be fixed by trustees, 145. Proceedings of, trustees to keep record of, 145. Of High School trustees. First meeting of, 268. When held, 268. Quorum at, 268. Change of hour of, how made, 26S. Secretary to preside at until election of chairman. :'''S First duty of, to elect chairman, 269. Casting vote at election of chairman, 269. Chairman of, to vote on all questions, 269. Meetings of, to be fixed by trustees, 269. (See Trustees : Boards of Education. ) BOARDS OF EDUCATION Constituted by union of Public and High Schools. 17. Now unlawful, 17, 22, 258. 522 Index. BOARDS OF EDUCATION (Cuntiniied) At present existing, continued, 17. How composed, 19, 257. Are a corporation, 19, 257. Name of, 20, 257. Powers of, 20, 257. Quorum, 20, 257. Powers to contract and be sued, 20. " " change school site, 20. Extent of powers, 20. Power to make requisition for levying money, 20. Member of municipal council cannot be member of, 20. Dissolution of, 21, 257. Trustees representing Public School at dissolution to continue in office, 21. Members of board for High School to be High School trustees, 258. Disposition of property on dissolution of, 21, 258. BOARD OF EXAxMINERS Jurisdiction over High School district, 293. Constitution of, 293. Qualification of members of, 293, 294. Fees of members of, 294. (See County Board of Examiners.) BOND Of county treasurer to apply to Public School moneys and public moneys of Province, 173, 174. Of county treasurer should be drawn in words of statute, 175. Of county treasurer may be executed before appointment to office made, 175. Invalidity, or irregularity in mode, of appointment of treasurer no defence to action on, 175. BOOKS (See Text-Books.) BOOKS OF REFERENCE Department to select, 6. IM.KX. 523 BOUNDARIES School section meeting to appoint new trustees on altcraiion in, need not be called, 28. (See School Boundaries.) BRITISH SUBJECTS Who are, 192. BY-LAWS Township councils may pass, for school purposes, 5 1 . To establish township boards, 77. Township council to pass, 77. Division of township into wards, 78. When by- law to take effect, 77. When and how repealed, 83, 84. When repeal to take effect, 83. To unite school sections in same township, 100. Township council has power to pass, 100. When, 1 01. By-law must be under corporate seal, etc., 10 1. Must define limits of united sections, loi. Parties to action to quash by-law, i o i . Action to quash by-law must be brought without delay, 101. Appeal to county council against, 105. Who may appeal, 105. Time for appealing, 105, to6. How appeal heard, 106. To alter boundaries of school section, 102. " divide existing section, 102. " unite part of one section to another, 102. Township council may pass, mo What will invalidate, 102. When application to quash will be refused, 103. Persons affected to be notified, T02, 103. When by-law to take effect, 104. Appeal to county council against, 105. Who may appeal, 105. Time for appealing, 105, 106. How appeal heard, 106. 524 Index. BY-LAWS (Continued) Forming, altering, or dissolving a school section to be valid unless notice to quash given, 121. Notice to be filed with township clerk, 121. Length of notice, 122. Who may give notice, 122. When by-law will be quashed, 123. " " " not be quashed, 122, 123. Applicant may attack by-law or award, 122. Quashing of, discretionary, 123. What deemed publication of, 123. When confirmed, binding for five years, 123. For raising loans by issue of debentures, 163-167. Necessity for by-law, 163. What by-law to contain, 163, 164. To settle a specific sum to be raised annually for payment of debt and interest, 163. Need not set forth estimates on which it is founded, 164. When by-law can be quashed, 164. By-law substituting system for aiding schools different from that laid down by statute, bad, 164. Expenses of publishing by-law, by whom to be paid, 166, 305. By-law must be registered, 167. When, 167. Trustees acting under, before it has been quashed, not liable, 176. Trustees acting under illegal, when not liable, 176, 177, Action arising out of illegal by-law, when to be brought, 177. Notice of intention to bring to be given, 177. Length of notice, 177. To be brought against municipal corporation alone, 177. Regulations respecting teachers to be embodied in by-laws of board of trustees, 179. Constituting High School districts prior to 1878 confirmed, 259. Repeal of, can only act prospectively, 260. Revival of right of appeal with regard to validity of by-laws establishing High School districts, 260. Establishment or discontinuance of High Schools must be by by-law, 262. Index. 5.^5 BY-LAWS (Continued) Appointment of High School trustees by county and other municipal councils to be liy by-law, 265. County and citycouncils may pass by-laws to aid High Schools, 282. United counties may pass by-laws for apportioning amount to be paid for maintenance by each county, 282. Councils may pass by-laws without submission to vole of electors to raise loans for permanent improvements, 289. Exemption of ratable property from taxation by municipal by-law not to affect liability of property for school rates, 306. c CANDIDATES Departmental Regulations respecting notice for examinations by, 370. 371- Departmental Regulations respecting duties of, at examinations, 375. 376. CARETAKERS May be employed by teachers, 187. CASTING VOTE When chairman of Rural School Board allowed, 29, 33. At election of trustees in cities, etc., who has, 133. " " chairman, who has, 143. « " « of High School Board, 269. When Senior County Judge has, on selection of High School site, 276. CERTIFICATE Of municipal clerk to be evidence of number of ratepayers in municipality, 262. CERTIFICATES Department to regulate extension of third class, 6. may accept other certificates in lieu of Departmental, 7 Must beheld by teacher during engagement, 15, 188. Three classes of, 15, 192- How granted, and to whom, 15, 192. Of teacher refusing to carry out agreement with trustees may t.e suspended, 189, 297. 526 Index. CERTIFICATES (Continued) Of first and second class granted by Minister of Education, 193. Period of validity of, 193. Of third class granted by County Board of Examiners, 193. Period of validity of, 193. Of third class must be signed by a Public School inspector, 193, Granted prior to 187 1 to remain in force, 194. May be suspended by teacher for misconduct, 194, 208. Duty of county inspector to suspend, 195. Appeal to Minister of P^ducation from suspension of, 195. In certain cases, inspector to report suspension of, to Minister, 195. " " " call meeting of County Board of Examiners to consider suspension of, 195. Inspector to notify teacher of meeting of County Board to consider suspension of, 195. Regulations respecting examinations for third class, 381. " " extension and renewal of third class, 385, 386. (See Professional Certificates ; District Certificates.) CERTIORARI No application under The Truancy Act, 251. CHAIRMAN At Rural School meetings. Election of, 29, Duties of, 29, 30. When allowed casting vote, 29, 32. To receive no nominations for election of trustees, 30. May not reject vote tendered, 30. May require voter to make declaration, 30, 31. May declare vote bad on voter's refusal to make declaration, 3o> 31, 32. Cannot receive protest against legality of meeting, 30. When to grant poll, 30. To sign copy of minutes and poll book, 37. " send copy of minutes of meeting to county inspector, 37. " " '' poll book to inspector, 37. Liability to penalty for not sending, 37, 232. Indhx. 527 CHAIRMAN (Continued) Of Board of Rural School Trustees. First duty of board to elect, 39, 143. To transmit copy of minutes and poll hook to inspector, 37. Liability to penalty for not sending, 37, 232. Of trustees in cities, etc. Election of, at first meeting of board, 143. Secretary-treasurer to preside at, 143. Casting vote at election of, 143. Who to act as chairman, if chairman absent, 144. Of County Board of Examiners. Election of, 196. Duties of, 197. Of Board of High School Trustees. Election of, 269. Casting vote at, 269. May vote on all questions, 269. CHARACTER Conditions as to good character of teacher, sharing in superannua- tion fund, 216. CHILDREN Right of, to attend Public Schools, 54, 55, 56, 57. How deprived of right, 58. Health of, comes under purview of teacher, 146. " " outside jurisdiction of trustees, 146. From eight to fourteen years to attend I'ublic Schools, 242. Reasons excusing attendance, 243. Employment of, during school hours, 244. Penalty on employer, 244. Between eight and fourteen years may be sent to Industrial School for certain causes, 245. CITY COUNCILS To levy by assessment sums required for .school purposes, 160. Question of necessity of assessment may be sul)mitte(l by, to vote of electors, 160. May be required by trustees to raise money at any time, K.o. May establish High Schools in cities, 263. 528 Index. CITY COUNCIL (Continued) Appointment of High School trustees by, 266. Term of office of High School trustees to be fixed by by-law of, 266. Powers of, under The Municipal Act, to aid High Schools, 282. May make provision for attendance at University of Toronto and Upper Canada College, of High School pupils, 290. For attendance at High Schools of Public School pupils, 291. For endowing fellowships in University of Toronto and Upper Canada College, for competition among High School pupils, 291. CITY OF TORONTO Election of Public School trustees in, 125, 126. Number of Public School trustees in, 125, 126. Term of office of Public School trustees in, 126. CLAIMS Adjustment of, on formation, etc., of a school section, T07. CLOSETS Teachers to report to trustees unsanitary condition of, 184. COLLECTORS Of school rates in union school sections, who to be, 116. Duties of, 116. (See School Collectors.) COLLEGIATE INSTITUTES How established, 4. Age of pupils at, 4. Constitution of, 264. Departmental Regulations respecting, 335, et seq. COLLUSION Proceedings in case of, between trustees and auditors, 47. On the part of arbitrators, ground for setting aside award, 91. COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES Departmental Regulations respecting, 362. COMMITTEE Trustees in cities, etc., to appoint for each school, 149. Index. 5^c^ COMPENSATION To owner refusing to sell land for Public School site, 92, 93. How ascertained, 93. Powers of trustees on tender to owner of amount of, 94. Encumbrances may be paid out of, 95, 99. To absent owner of land selected for a Public School sjti-, (jS 100. How ascertained, 98, 99. Responsibility of trustees to, 99. Stands in place of land and subject to encumbrances, 99. Payment of, into Court, 100. To owner refusing to sell land selected for a High School site, 275, 276. How ascertained, 276. Powers of trustees on tender to owner of, 276. To absent owner of land selected for High School site, 278, 279. How ascertained, 278, 279. Responsibility of trustees as to, 280. Stands in place of land and subject to encumbrances, 280. Payment of, into Court, 280, 281. COMPLAINTS As to election of rural Public School trustees or proceedings at school meetings, 37, 39. To be made to inspector, 37, 38. Inspector may investigate, 38, 207. Power of inspector to confirm or set aside election or proceed- ings, 38. Allowance to inspectors investigating, 212. Time for making, 38, 39. As to elections of Public School trustees in cities, etc., Mi- May be received and investigated by County Judge, 141. Under The Truancy Act, to be laid by truant officer before Justice of the Peace or Police Magistrate, 247, 248. COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE Act respecting Truancy and, 241. Meaning of "school'' in, 241. " " "inspector" in, 241. " " " principal" in, 241. Children between eight and fourteen years to attend school, 242. 34 530 Index. COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE (Continued) Statutory enactments as to, not unconstitutional on certain grounds, 242. In proceedings to compel, onus of proof of age of child lies on parent, 242. Duties of persons with whom children between eight and fourteen years reside as to, 242. Liability of, for not complying with provisions of Act respecting, 243. Reasons excusing, 242, 243, 244. Child under efficient instruction at house or elsewhere, 243. What is efficient instruction, 244. Child unable to attend on account of sickness, 243. No school within certain distances, 243. No accommodation at school which child has right to attend, 243- If excused by Justice of the Peace or principal of school, 243. If child has passed entrance examination for High School, 243. " is a Roman Catholic, from attendance at Public School, and vice versa, 244. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Province of Ontario may make law respecting education, i, 12. Such laws not to affect denominational schools, i. Dissentient Protestant and Roman Catholic schools in Quebec, 2. Appeal by denominational schools from legislative Acts, 2. Separate Schools to have same right of appeal as Public Schools, 2. Parliament of Canada may make remedial laws, 3. Statutes compelling attendance of children under fourteen years at school not unconstitutional on certain grounds, 242, CONTAGIOUS DISEASE Pupils suffering from, may be prevented from attending school, 146, 147, 185, 186, 296. Teachers to take precautions against spread of, 145, 185, 186. Departmental Regulations respecting, 317. CONTRACT For erection of schoolhouse must be under seal, 53. Office of trustee vacated by interest in contract with board, 34, 227, 300. Index. 531 CONTRACT (Continued) Exception in case of secretary-treasurer, 227. Need not be binding on board, 228. What interest will cause disqualification, 228, 221;. " " " not disqualify, 228, 229, 230. Immaterial that name of trustee in or not in contract, 228. Time to which disqualification relates, 228. Proof of agency alone will not disqualify, 229. Trustee cannot be party to contract for building schoolhouse, 230. Seat of trustee having interest in contract must be declared vacant by formal resolution, 229. Quo warranto proceedings to declare seat of trustee having intcroi in contract vacant, 229. CONTRIBUTION Towards "maintenance" by several municipalities composing High School district, 286, 287. CONVICTION Of parent or guardian for violation of The Truancy Act, 247. Liability of parent or guardian to fine on, 247. Parent or guardian may be bound over to cause child to attend school on, 247, 248. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT Right of teachers to administer to pupils, 181, 182, 318. What is excessive, 182, 318. CORPORATE ACTS Must be adopted at a legal board meeting, 44, 144- CORPORATE POWERS Liability of trustees for refusing or neglecting to exercise, 231. Refusal or neglect to exercise must be wilful to render trustees personally liable, 232. CORPORATE SEAL School lands to be conveyed by trustees under, 50, 151. Promissory note of trustees made for paying teacher's salary must be under, 62. Agreements between trustees and teachers must be under, 187, 188. 532 Index. CORPORATION Rural School trustees are a, i8. Style of, 1 8. What it is, i8. Purpose of, i8. Limit of power, 19. Statutory powers under The Interpretation Act, 19 Jurisdiction of Courts respecting, 19. Boards of Education are a, 19, 257. Style of, 19, 257. Powers of, 20, 257. Public School trustees in cities, etc., are a, 123. Style of, 123, Powers of, 124. High School trustees are a, 256 Style of 256. Powers of, 256, 257, Liability of, for violation of The Truancy Act, 250. CORRUPT PRACTICES At elections, 138. COUNCILS (See Municipal Councils ; County Councils ; Toumship Councils ; and City Councils.) COUNTY Meaning of, in The Public Schools Act, 15. " " The High Schools Act, 254. COUNTY BOARD OF EXAMINERS May grant third-class certificates, 193. " " district certificates, 193. Constitution of board granting district certificates, 193. Districts for which board may grant certificates, 193, 387. Inspector to call meeting of board to consider suspension of teacher's certificate, 195. When, 195. Inspector to notify teacher of meeting, 195. To be appointed by county council, 196. Constitution of, 196, 197. INDKX. 53^ COUNTY BOARD OF EXAMINERS (Continued) To conduct examinations for granting third-class certificates, 196. Examinations to be held yearly, 196. Fees and expenses of members conducting examinations, 197. Majority of board to form quorum, 196. Election of chairman and secretary of, 196. Duties of chairman of, 197. Remuneration of secretary, 196. Principal of County Model School may not be a member of, 196. Appointment of additional members by county council, 197. Fees and expenses of members investigating standing of teacher, 197. Qualification of members of, 197. To establish one Model School in each county, 197. May establish more than one County Model School, in their discre- tion, 198. Departmental Regulations respecting duties of, 381, e/ set/. COUNTY CLERK To furnish Minister of Education with copy of minutes of council relating to school assessment, 162. When, 163. To make returns of population of county to Minister of Education, 176. When, 176. COUNTY COUNCILS Appeal to, against township by-law altering school section, 105. Appeal to, against neglect or refusal of township council to alter school section, 106. Who may appeal, 105. Time for appealing, 105, 106. Appointment of arbitrators to hear, 106. Powers of arbitrators, 106. Appeal to, against award for formation, etc., of union section. 115. Appeal to, against neglect or refusal of township council to appoint arbitrators, 115. When to be made to county council, 1 15. Who may appeal, 115, 116. How appeal to be made, 115, 116. 534 Index. COUNTY COUNCILS (Continued) Time for appealing, 115, 116. Appointment of arbitrators by, to hear appeal, 1 15. Copy of minutes of, relating to school assessment, to be sent to Minister of Education by clerk, 162. When, 163. To appoint County Board of Examiners, 1 96. Who may be appointed, 196, 197. May appoint additional members to board, 197. To grant aid to Model Schools, 198. To grant aid to Teachers' Institutes, 199. To appoint one inspector for each county, 201. Proviso as to appointment of, 201. May appoint additional inspectors, 201. " change inspectors, 201. Notice of appointments to be sent to Minister of Education, 202. To pay fees of non-resident pupils from House of Refuge, 218. Can change limits of High School districts from time to time, 259. May establish or discontinue High Schools, 262. Establishment or discontinuance must be by by-law, 262. Powers of, under The Municipal Act, to establish High Schools, 262. Establishment of High Schools in incorporated villages by, 263. When establishment to go into effect, 263. Appointment of High School trustees by, 265, 266. Member of, cannot be High School trustee, 265. Appointment must be by by-law, 265. Term of office of trustees appointed by, 265, 266. To provide sums for maintenance of High Schools, 282, 283. Powers of, under Tlie Municipal Act, to aid High Schools, 282. Liability of, of united counties for " maintenance," 282. To make further grant to High Schools in certain cases, 283. To pay proportionate cost of maintenance of county pupils in High Schools, 283. Settlement of cost by agreement, 284. Disputes as to cost to be referred to County Judge, 284. Duty of county council in case of dispute, 284. Costs of reference, 284. Rate for county pupils to be levied by, 285. Index. 5j5 COUNTY COUNCILS (Continued) Municipality outside High School district may provide for mam tenance of county pupils instead of, 285, 307. Such municipality not liable for other rates for maintenantc, 286, 308. May raise further sums for maintenance, 290. " make provision for attendance at University of Toronto and Upper Canada College of High School pupils, 290. For attendance at High Schools of Public School pupils, 291. " endowing fellowshi[)s in University of Toronto and Upper Canada College for competition among Hi.uh School pupils, 291. COUNTY GRANT What it is, 171. County councils to raise equivalent to legislative grant for school purposes, 171. How, when, and to whom paid, 172. Amount rated against Separate School supporters to be deducted from, 162, 208. (See Legislative Grants; Municipal Grants.) COUNTY JUDGE Senior, to be arbitrator on selection of High School site, 275. May appoint person to act for him, 275. Has casting vote on arbitration, 276. COUNTY PUPILS Meaning of, 254. Maintenance of, at city and town High Schools i)y county council, 283. Settlement of amount of maintenance by agreement, 284. Disputes as to, to be referred to County Judge, 284. Award of referee binding for three years, 284. Costs of reference, 285. Rate for, to be levied by county council, 285. Maintenance of, by municipality outside High School district, 285, 307. Fees of, 291. Payment of fees of, by county council, 292, 308. 536 Index. COUNTY PUPILS (Continued) Right of, to attend any High School aided by council of county in which they reside, 295. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT Signing contract between teacher and trustees, not a contracting party, 189. COUNTY TREASURER Township treasurer to be sub-treasurer of, 173. May act as sub-treasurer for certain municipalities, 173. To pay school assessment to township treasurer, 173. Liability of treasurer and his sureties to his municipality, 173. Bond of treasurer and his sureties to apply to Public School moneys and public moneys of the Province, 174. Cannot accept orders for payment of teacher's salary, 173. Duty of, as to receiving and paying money, 174. Liability for money paid by, under illegal order or resolution, 174. Liable for loss of money through insolvency of agent, 174. Liability of municipal corporations for default of, 175. Bond of, should use words of statute, 175. " may be executed before appointment to office made, 175 Invalidity, or irregularity in mode, of appointment no defence to an action on bond of, 175. COURSE OF STUDY In Public Schools, regulations respecting, 321-330. " High Schools, " " 343-351- " Model Schools, " " 383. " Normal Schools, " " 390. " School of Pedagogy, " " 397-400. COURT OF REVISION In unorganized townships, constitution of, 67. Powers of, 67. Members of, entitled to travelling expenses, 67. Inspector may act as, in certain cases, 67, 68. CRIME Conviction for, disqualifies trustee, 34, 227, 301. Seat of trustee must he declared vacant by remaining trustees 227, 301. INDKX. 537 D DAMAGE To school property to be prevented by teachers, 187. DAMAGES (See Compensation.) DEBENTURES Apph'cation by rural trustees to township council for issue of, xdy Purposes for which issue allowed, 1 63. By-law must be passed for issue of, 163. What by-law to set forth and contain, 163, 164. How repayable, 163. Proposal to issue must be sanctioned by ratepayers, 163. Right of ratepayers to object to issue of, 164. Specific sums to be raised annually for payment of inlcrcst and debt, 163. Rate of interest of, 164. Sinking fund for payment of, 164. Application by trustees of union school section for issue of, To be made to municipality in which schoolhouse lies, 1^)5. Such municipality to issue, 165. Contribution by other municipalities forming union section towards payment of, 165. Application by trustees of certain union sections for issue of. How to be made, 165. Liability of taxable property in school sections for payment of, i6f.. Expenses of publishing by-law for issue of, 166, 305. By whom and hosv paid, 166. Issue of, when to be submitted to vote of electors, 1 66. Mode of voting, 166. Who may vote, 167. By-law for issue of, to be registered, 167. Time for registration of, 167. Issue of, without submission to vote of electors. 107. Form and term of, 167, 168. Issue of, by municipal councils, to raise loan for " permanent improvements," 287. Term of, 289. 538 Index. DECLARATION Of right to vote, 30. When to be made by voter, 30, 31. Form of, 31. Penalty for false, 32. DECLARATIONS OF OFFICE, 138 DEDICATION Of land for school purposes vests property in school trustees, 51. DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS Provincial laws respecting education not to affect, 1. Powers of, in Quebec, 2. Appeals by, from legislative Acts, 2. Have same right of appeal as Public Schools, 2. Parliament of Canada may grant remedial legislation to, 3. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (See Education Department.) DEPARTMENTAL REGULATIONS To be laid before Legislative Assembly, 8. To apply to The Public Schools Act, 17. Power of Department as to, 17. Respecting Public Schools, 312-335. " High Schools, 335-362. " Collegiate Institutes, 335-362. " Departmental and University Examinations, 362-379. " Professional training and examinations, 379-404. " Inspection, 404-411. " Miscellaneous provisions, 411-418. DIPLOMAS Departmental Regulations respecting, 362, DIRECTORS Of Teachers' Institutes, Department to appoint, 7. Of Kindergarten Schools, regulations respecting, 380. DISABILITY (See St( per animation : Teachers ; Inspectors.) Index. 5J9 DISCIPLINE Of pupils, Departmental Regulations respecting, 318. 320. Teachers to maintain, 179. DISCRETION Of trustees in dismissing pupil not interfered witli l)y Courts, 58. DISMISSAL Trustees may dismiss refractory pupil, 57, 148. Pupil may be readmitted, 57. Of inspectors, conditions of, 202. " in cities and towns, conditions of, 209. Conditions of reappointment of inspectors after, 209. DISPUTES Between trustees and teachers as to salary to be settled in Division Court, 191, 298. DISTANCE No school within certain distance excuses child between eight and fourteen years from attendance at school, 243. DISTRICT Meaning of, 254. DISTRICT CERTIFICATES To be granted by Board of Examiners, 193. Constitution of board, 193. Districts in which valid, 193, 387. Departmental Regulations respecting, 386, et seq. DISTRICT TRAINING SCHOOLS Departmental Regulations respecting establishment of, 386. <« " " examinations of, 386, 387. DIVISION (See School Boundaries.) DIVISION COURT Has jurisdiction to settle disputes as to salary between trustees and teachers, 191, 298. 540 IXDKX. EDUCATION Province of Ontario has power to legislate as to, i, 12. EDUCATION DEPARTMENT How constituted, 3. Duties and powers of, 4-8. To regulate establishment of Kindergarten Schools, 4. " Public Schools, 4. " Night Schools, 4. " High Schools, 4. " Collegiate Institutes, 4. " Art Schools, 4. " Model Schools, 5, 198. " Normal Schools, 5. " Training Schools, 5. " Teachers' Institutes, 5, 199. " Mechanics' Institutes, 5. " Industrial Schools, 5. To make regulations respecting management of schools, 6. " " as to use of text-books, 6, 220. " " " qualification of school officials, 6. " " " payment of superannuation, 6. " " respecting extension of third-class cer- tificates, 6. " " respecting study of agriculture, 6. " " " " temperance, 6. To appoint inspectors and directors, 7. " affiliate certain schools, 7. " regulate fees for examinations, 7. " dispense with Departmental examinations, 7. " prescribe forms for registers and reports, 7. " accept British Normal School certificates, 7. " convert Separate into Model School, 7. " appoint member of County Board of Examiners, 7, 8. ELECTIONS Of chairman at first Rural School meeting, 29. " of Rural School Board, 39. " " Public School Board in cities, etc., 143. INDKX. ^^, ELECTIONS (Continued) At first meeting of hoard, 143. Casting vote at, 143. Of chairman of High School Board, 268, 269. When held, 268. Casting vote at, 269. Of members of township boards, time and manner of, 79. " Rural School Trustees, 30. Modes of, 30. Qualification of electors, 27. When poll may be granted, 30. Proceedings in case of a poll, 31. Entries to be made in poll book, 31. Duty of chairman on voter being objected to, 31, 1^2. Duties of chairman on closing of poll, 32. " secretary " " 32. Chairman to declare trustee elected, 32, Effect of chairman's declaration, 33. When trustees estopped from questioning validity of. ;^^. Trustee elected to be notified by secretary, ;^^. What constitutes acceptance of office l)y trustees, 33. Complaints as to, to be made to inspector, ;^-j, 38, 207. Inspector may investigate complaints as to, 38. Power of inspector to confirm or set aside, 38. Time for making complaint as to, 38, 39. When inspector may appoint time and place for new, 3S. Allowance to inspector investigating complaints as to, 212. Of trustees in cities, towns, and incorporated villages. Provisions for, 125, 127-140. First election of, 124. Qualification of trustees, 124. Nominations, 127. When and where meeting for, to be held, 128. What is a proper meeting, 128. What is a nomination, 128. Must be made at place fixed, 1 28. Returning officer, when and how appointed, 1 28. Duties of, 128, 129. Appointment to be by resolution, 128, 129. 542 Index. ELECTIONS {Continued) Notice of meeting for nomination to be given by trustees, 129. Length of notice, 129. Proceedings at nomination, 129, 130. When an election commenced, 130. Hours of polling, 130. Demanding a poll, 130, 131. Electors entitled to free access to polling place, 131. When voters' list to be furnished to trustees, 131. What voters' list to contain, 131. Certified copy of list and polling book to be provided for each polling place, 132. Entries by returning officer in poll book, 132. Duties of returning officer after close of election, 132. Duties of secretary-treasurer after close of election, 132. Casting vote at, 133. Of trustees in cities, etc., by ballot, 133-140. May be held on same day as municipal elections, 133. Use of ballot may be discontinued by trustees, 133, 134. How, 133. Change binding for three years, 134. Mode of conducting, 134, 138. When election to take place, 135. Place for holding election to be fixed by by-law, 135, 136. Election void if not held there, 135. Must be held in proper municipality, 135. Who is to be returning officer, 135. Provision for death or absence of, 135, 136. Duties of, at nomination meeting, 136, 137, " when election commenced, 137. Meeting to receive nominations, when held, 135. Notice of meeting to be given by returning officer, 136. Length of notice, 136. Poll need not be demanded, 137. Ballot boxes, 137. Mode of voting, 137. Corrupt practices at, 138. Form of ballot papers, 138. Separate School supporters not to vote, 138. Index. 5^3 ELECTIONS {Continued) Oath to be administered when voter (jhjeclcd to, 139. Form of oath, 139. By whom administered, 140. False swearing by voter not perjury, 139. Refusal of voter to take oath may be a ground for selling aside election, 140. Who may object to voter, 140. Qualification of voter, 139. Full age, what it is, 140. County Judge to investigate complaints respecting, 141. Proceedings at investigations, 141, 142. Of trustees to fill vacancies, 13S. ELECTIONS BY BALLOT (See Elections.) ELECTORS In Rural School sections, qualification of, 27. EMBEZZLEMENT When trustees cannot be guilty of, 41, 233. ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS To be held annually in High Schools, 293. Places at which held, how determined, 293. Expenses of, how to be paid, 294. Provisional admission to High School of pupil passing, 295. Departmental Regulations respecting, 351-358- Subjects of examination, 352. Duties of inspector at, 352-354. " " presiding examiner, 354. " " candidates, 354. " " examiners, 355, 356. Reports, certificates, and appeals, 356-358. Time-table, 358. Children between eight and fourteen years who pass, excused from compulsory attendance at school, 243. EQUALIZATION OF ASSESSMENTS, \20,dscq. (See Union School Sections.) 544 INDKX. ESTIMATE^ To be furnished by Rural School trustees applying for school moneys, 60. What are insufficient, 60, 6x. When insufficient estimates cannot be objected to, 60. Public School trustees in cities, etc., to submit to council, 150 When, 150. What to contain, 150. Submitted to municipal council by High School trustees, 270. When, 270. Need not show how sum required made up, 271. EVIDENCE Certificate of municipal clerk of number of ratepayers in munici- pality to be, 262. EXAMINATIONS Departmental, fees of, to be fixed by Department, 7. What examinations accepted in lieu of Departmental, 7. By County Board of Examiners, 196, 197. Held for granting third-class certificates, 196. To be held yearly, 196. Expenses of, 197. Leaving, to be held annually in Public Schools, 200. Regulations respecting Departmental, 362, 363. Appointment of examiners and associate examiners to con- duct, 363. Number of, 363. Qualification of, 363. Duties of, 364, 365. " associate examiners, 366, 367. Examination papers, 366-369. Primary and leaving, 369, 370. Matriculation, 370, 371. Duties of inspectors and presiding examiners, 371-375. Remuneration of, 376. Notice by candidates, 370. Duties of candidates, 375, 376. For third-class certificates, regulations as to, 381. In Schools of Pedagogy, regulations as to, 398, 399. Index. 5^5 EX A M I N AT IONS (Contin iicd) In Model Schools, regulations as to, 384. In Normal Schools, " " 390, 391. Instructions to examiners at, 391-393. (See Entrance Examinations ; Leaving Examinations ; Afatrinilatiom Examinations ; and Primary Examinations.) EXAMINERS Department to appoint, 6. " " determine qualification and duties of, 6. Regulations respecting appointment of, to conduct Deparimenial examinations, 363. Number of, 363. Qualification of, 363. Duties of, 364, 365. " associate examiners, 366, 367. " presiding examiners, 371-375. Remuneration of presiding examiners, 376. EXECUTION Public School property cannot be sold under, 51. May issue out of Division Court for teacher's salary, 191. EXEMPTIONS School property exempt from taxation, 51. Of indigent persons from school rates, 59. High School property exempt from taxation, 281. Qualification as to exemption of, 282, Of ratable property from taxation by municipal by-law, not to afTt-ct liability of property for school rates, 306. EXPENDITURES Meaning of, 46. What it includes, 46. EXPULSION Cases of, to be reported by trustees to truant officer, 349. High School trustees may expel pupils, 271. u <« have greater power as to, than Public Sch(X)I trustees, 272. Departmental Regulations respecting, 317. 546 Index. F FALSE REPORTS Penalty for signing, 65, 237. How recovered, 65, 237, 238. FALSE RETURNS Penalty for signing, 65, 237. How recovered, 65, 237, 238. FEES Trustees in cities, etc., may collect fees for books, 148. For tuition in High Schools, to be fixed and collected by trustees, 270. High School trustees to certify fees collected to county treasurer, 274. When, 274. To be paid to treasurer of High School, 291, 292. Of county pupils, 291. " non-resident pupils in High Schools, 292. " resident pupils in High Schools, 292. Payment of fees of county and non-resident pupils by county council, 292. FINES (See Penalties.) FIRE DRILL, 418 FORMS 1. Notice of annual school meeting, 431. 2. " " " when proper notice not given, 431. 3. Notice of special school meeting, 432. 4. " to person elected as school trustee, 432. 5. Concurrence in resignation of trustee, 433. 6. Notice to the ratepayers by township clerk calling a first school section meeting, 433. 7. Transmission of copy of school meeting minutes to the county inspector, 434, 8. Bond of secretary-treasurer, or collector, 434. 9. Notice of school meeting, 435. Index. ^^^ FORMS (Continued) 10. Request to an inspector by any two ratepayers to appoint a school section auditor, 436. 11. School auditor's notice to person intL-rcstcd in the school accounts of a section, 436. 1 2. Warrant to enforce collection of moneys awarded to l>c paid by school auditors, 437. 13. Deed to school trustees, 438. 14. Notice of exemption to township clerk, 439. 15. Requisition on the municipal council for school moneys, 440. 16. Promissory note of Rural School trustees for teachers' salaries, 441. 1 7. Notice to inspector and township clerk of addresses of trustees and teachers, 441. 18. Petition to trustees to call a special school meeting, 442. ig. Notice of a first school meeting in an unorganized township, 442. 20. " division of school sections in unorganized townships, 442. 21. Notice of appeal against assessment, 443. 22. Declaration by school collector, 443. 23. Notice by arbitrators to parties interested in a school section.444. 24. Affidavit verifying award, 444. 25. Surveyor's certificate on selection of a school site, 445. 26. Affidavit proving absence from country of owner of land selected for a school site, 446. 27. Notice to absent owner of land selected for a school site, 44O. 28. Notice by township council of its intention to alter the boundaries of a Public School section, 447. 29. Appeal to a county council in regard to school section boundaries, union or otherwise, 447. 30. Notice of the decision of the arbitrators in regard to an appeal to a county council, 448. 31. Deed by school trustees, 449. 32. Petition to townsiiip council in regard to union school sections, 450. 2,7,. Notice of appointment of arbitrator on alteration of union school section, 450. 34. Inspector's notice to township clerks. 451. 35. Award, 451. 548 Index. FORMS (Continued) 36. Notice of equalized assessment of union school sections by the township assessors, 452. 37. Notice to quash by-law, or to set aside award, 453. 37. Declaration of returning officer, 453. 38. Notice to the candidates for election as school trustees in cities, etc., 454. 39. Notice of the discontinuance of school election by ballot, 454. 40. Notice requesting that school election shall be held on same day as municipal election, 455. 41. Annual report of trustees, 455. 42. Summons for maintenance in Industrial School, 455. 43. By-law to raise money by the issue of debentures, 456. 44. School debenture, 459. 45. Notice of apportionment, 459. 46. Inspector's warrant for the payment of the school grant, 460. 47. Agreement for engagement of a Public School teacher, 460. 48. Trustees' request to inspector to suspend the certificate of a teacher, 462. 49. Notice to trustees and teacher of the suspension of teacher's certificate, 463. 50. Inspector's notice to the Minister of Education of the suspen- sion of a teacher's certificate, 463. 51. Notice to a teacher of the meeting of the County Board of Examiners to consider his case, 464. 52. Requisition for county examiner's expenses, 464. 53. Inspector's annual report, 464. 54. Temporary certificate issued to a teacher by a Public School inspector, 465. 55. Notice to parent or guardian of neglect to educate child or children, 465. 56. Form A, under section 11 of The Truancy Act, 466. 57. Notice of truant children, 466. 58. Agreement with caretaker, 466. 59. Contract for supplies, 467. 60. Bond of contractor, 469. 61. Contract for school buildings, 471. 62. Bond of contractor, 480. By-laws of a Public School Board, 482. Index. 5^q FREE LIBRARIES ACT Duty of trustees in cities, etc., under, 153. FULL AGE What is, 140. G (.RANTS To trustees in cities and towns to aid in payment of insf)ectors* salaries, 210. For maintenance of High School, 282-287. County council to provide certain sums for, 282, 283. Powers of county council under The Municipal Act to aid High Schools, 282. Liability of united counties for "maintenance," 282. Maintenance of county pupils by county councils, 283. Settlement of amount of, by agreement, 284. Disputes as to, to be referred to County Judge, 284. Award of referee to be binding for three years, 284. Costs of reference, 285. Rate for, to be levied by county council, 285. Maintenance of county pupils by municipality outside High School district, 285, 307. Such municipality not liable for payment of other rates 286, 308. Councils in High School districts to levy certain sums for aidini; High Schools, 286. Contribution to, in case of several municipalities composing one High School district, 286, 287. County councils may raise further sums for maintenance, 290. Apportionment of, among united counties, 290. Departmental Regulations respecting grants to schools in new and poor townships, 412, 413. (See County Grant; Legislative Grant; Municipal Grants.) GUARDIANS Duty of, to compel attendance at school of children between ei^ht and fourteen years, 243. Reasons excusing, from liability for non-attendance of child at school, 243. 550 Index. GUARDIANS (Continued) Child under efficient instruction at home or elsewhere, 243. What is efficient instruction, 244. Child unable to attend school on account of sickness, 243. No school within certain distances, 243. No accommodation at school which child has a right to attend, 243- If child excused by a Justice of the Peace or principal of school, 243. If child has passed High School entrance examination, 243. Liability of, for neglect of duty under The Truancy Act, 243, 247. Complaints by truant officer against, for violation of The Truancy Act, 247. May be bound over to cause child to attend school, 247, 248. H HEADINGS No part of statutes, 12. HIGH SCHOOLS How established, 4. Age of pupils in, 4. Department may make regulations respecting, 6. Existing organization of, continued, 17, 258. Meaning of term, 254. County council may establish or discontinue, 262. " " must pass by-law to establish or discontinue, 262. Powers of county council under The Municipal Act to establish, 262. Establishment of, by county council, in incorporated villages, 263. When establishment to go into operation, 263. City council may establish in cities, 263. What instruction to be given in, 263. Course of study in, 263, 343-351- Preparatory classes in, abolished, 264. When, may be constituted Collegiate Institute, 264. Trustees of, to have charge of, 270. " to see to proper conduct of, 274. Terms in, 298, 299. Index. cei HIGH SCHOOLS (Continued) Departmental Regulations respecting, 335-^)2. Conditions of existence, 335, 336. Equipment, 335, 336. Distribution of legislative grant to, 336-341. Basis of distribution, 336-341. Schedule of, 342. Principals and assistant teachers in, 343. Duties of teachers in, 343. pupils in, 343. Course of study in, 343-351. Entrance examinations, 351-358. Subject of examination, 352. Duties of inspectors, 352-354. " presiding examiners, 354. " candidates, 354-355- " examiners, 355, 356. Reports, certificates, and appeals, 356-358. Time-table, 358. Oral primary examinations, 358-362. Diplomas and commercial exercises, 362. HIGH SCHOOLS ACT Duty of Public School trustees under, 153. HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICTS Constitution of existing districts confirmed, 259. Countycouncilshave powertochange limitsof,fromtimetotime, 259. By-laws constituting, prior to 1878, confirmed, 259. Revival of right of appeal with regard to validity of by-inw establishing, 260. Union of portions of municipalities to, for school purposes, 260. Proceedings to form union, 260. When union to go into effect, 260. Uniting municipality only need pass by-law, 261. Withdrawal of portion or whole of municipality from, 261. Proceedings on withdrawal, 261. When withdrawal to go into operation, 261. Withdrawing municipality only need pass by-law, 261. Relief of withdrawing municipality from rates, 261. 552 Index. HIGH SCHOOL SITES Selection of, restricted, 274. Must have no connection with Public School, 274. Extent of, 274. Regulations as to fencing and draining, 274. Enlargement of, 275. Restrictions as to, 275. Arbitration on disagreement as to selection of, 275. Proceedings when owner refuses to sell land selected for, 275. Trustees and owner each to appoint an arbitrator, 275. Senior County Judge to act as third arbitrator, 275. Duty of arbitrators, 275. Proceedings when owner refuses to appoint arbitrator, 276. Powers of arbitrators, 276. Arbitrators to notify claimants, 276. Land may be taken by trustees on tender of amount of damages to owner, 276. Proceedings when one arbitrator absent, 277. Notice to absent arbitrator, 277. Award to constitute trustees' title, 277. " " be registered, 277. Costs of arbitration, 277. Proceedings when owner of land selected for, absent, 278-281. Steps to be taken by the trustees, 278, 279. Responsibility of trustees as to compensation, 280. Payment of compensation into Court, 280. Title of trustees to land of absent owner, 281. (See School Sites.) HIGH SCHOOL TRUSTEES (See Trustees.) HOLIDAYS In Public Schools, 219. Public School teachers not to make up lost time by teaching on, 219, 321. Payment of teacher's salary for authorized, 190, 219. HOURS Of board meeting, change in, how made, 143. (See School Hours.) Index. 35^ HOUSE OF REFUGE What is a, 219. People of school age in, to be deemed nonresident pupils, nH I IMMORAL CONDUCT Children between eight and fourteen years may be sent to Indus- trial School for, 245. INDIGENT PERSONS Children of, entitled to attend school without payment of rates, 56. Trustees may exempt from school rates, 59. " to provide free text-books for children of, 59. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS Establishment of, 5. Purpose of, 5. When pupil may be sent to, 57, 149. High School trustees cannot send refractory pupils to, 272. When children between eight and fourteen years may be sent to, 245. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS ACT Duties of Public School trustees in cities, etc., under, i54-'57- INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pupils suffering from, may be prevented from attending school, 1 ;5. 146, 185, 186, 296. Teachers to take precautions against spread of, 147. '^5- '^'^• Departmental Regulations respecting, 317. INJUNCTION • Trustees may be restrained from permitting use of schoolhouse other than for school purposes, 52. INSANITY Of trustee disqualifies him, 34, 227, 301. Seat of insane trustee must be declared vacant by remaining trus- tees, 227, 301. INSPECTORS Department to determine duties and qualifications of, 6. " regulate payment of pensions of superannuated. 6. 55A Index. INSPECTORS (Continued) Of High Schools, Department to appoint, 7. " Separate Schools, " " 7. " Model Schools, " " 7. To call special meeting if first or annual Rural School meeting not held, 28, 206, 207. Penalty for not calling, 230. Complaints as to rural elections or school proceedings to be made to county, 30, 31, 37, 38. Power to investigate, 38, 207. Discretion as to nature of investigation, 38. May confirm or set aside election or proceedings, 38. May appoint time and place for new election, 38. May examine witnesses, 38. Allowance to inspector for investigating, 212. Time for making complaints to, 38, 39. To receive copy of minutes of first, annual, and special Rural School meetings, 37, 207. And of poll book, 37, 207. Duties of county, in case of want of trustees, 35. When to appoint auditors, 45. Differences between auditors to be referred to and decided by county, 47, 207. May require trustees to provide "accommodation" in Public Schools, 55. To receive half-yearly and annual returns from rural trustees, 64, 207. " form certain school sections, 65, 207. May divide school sections in unorganized townships into groups, 67. To notify secretary-treasurer of, and of group to which they belong, 68. To act as arbitrator in selecting school site, 88, 207. May appoint a person to act for him, 88. Powers of, in case of neglect of either party to appoint an arbitrator, 93, 94. To act as arbitrator when owner of land selected for a school site refuses to sell, 92, 207. May appoint a person to act for him, 92, 93. Powers of, in case of neglect of either party to appoint an arbitrator, 93, 94. Index. 555 INSPECTORS (Continued) To call meeting of ratepayers to consider union of school sections in same township, loi. To act as arbitrator on alteration of school boundaries, 106, 207. To give notice of alteration of school boundaries to township clerk, 107. To act as arbitrator on adjustment of claims arising out of forma tion, etc., of school section, 107, 108. To be ex officio an arbitrator on formation, etc , of union school section, no, 207. To call first meeting of arbitrators to decide on formation, etc., of a union section, iii, 208. May appeal against award for formation, etc., of a union school section, 115, 116. To appoint arbitrators to settle disagreements as to equali/,atiun of union school assessments, 120, 208. To receive from municipal clerk statement of assessment, 160, 208. And list of Separate School supporters, 160, 208. To distribute legislative and county grant among sections and divisions of each township, 171, 208. How and when distribution to be made, 171. How payable, 171. Notice of amount due each section to be sent to secretary- treasurer thereof, 172, 208. Duties of, before paying, 172. To apportion legislative grant for improving the fifth form of Public Schools, 172. To deduct from county grant amount due Separate School trustees, 162. To give order on township treasurer for amount of deduction, 162. Signing contract between teacher and trustees not a contracting party, 189. May suspend certificate of teacher refusing to carry out agreement with trustees, 189. May suspend certificate of teacher for misconduct, etc., 194. 208. To notify trustees and teacher of suspension. ig4. 208. Duty of, as to suspension, 195, 208, 408. Not liable for mistakes in law or errors in judgment, 195. 556 Index. INSPECTORS (Continued) Appeal from decision of, to Minister of Education, 195. To report suspension to Minister in certain cases, 195. When to call meeting of County Board of Examiners to con- sider, 195. To notify teacher of meeting, 195. Qualification for appointment, 200. No acting teacher or trustee can be appointed, 200, 226. Each county council to appoint one for that county, 201, Proviso as to appointment in certain cases, 201. Jurisdiction of, 201. County councils may appoint additional inspectors, 201. " " " change inspectors, 201. County warden may fill vacancy in office of, 202. Notice of appointment of, to be sent to Minister of Education, 202. Conditions of dismissal of, 202. Duty of, on retiring from office, 202, 206. Additional allowance to, by Lieutenant-Governor, 202. Appointment of, in territorial districts, 202. Additional remuneration to, 202. Duties of county, 203-208. To visit each schoolhouse once each term, 203. Have supreme authority in schools when visiting, 203. May advise teachers or pupils, 203. To examine state of school when visiting, 204. To deliver lectures, 204, To withhold order for payment of grant, when school open for less than six months in year, 205. When trustees fail to comply with school law, 205, When teacher allows use of unauthorized text-books, 205, 220. To give information and report to Minister, 205. To recommend aid to new or weak schools, 205. To call special school meetings, 206. To give temporary certificates to teachers, 206. When temporary certificates may be granted, 206. To deliver up all papers when retiring, 206. May approve of change in text-books, 208, 220. Index. 557 INSPECTORS (Continued) Of cities and towns, 209 211. Powers and duties of, 209. Appointment of, by Public School trustees, 209. Dismissal of, by trustees or Lieutenant-Governor, 209. Conditions of reappointment, 209. When more than one may l)e appointed, 209. Payment of salaries of, 210. Grants in aid of salaries of, 210. Not to hold other offices, 210. May swear witnesses in certain cases, 211. Superannuation of. Contribution to superannuation fund by, 213. Conditions entitling, to share in fund, 213. Repayment of contributions to fund to wife of deceased, 213. Retiring before sixty not disqualified from sharing in fund in certain cases, 213. Proof of disability to be furnished by, under sixty, 214. Right of, contributing to fund to retire on reaching sixty, 214. When entitled to payment from fund, 214. Under sixty entitled to share in fund under certain conditions, 215- Extra allowance to, from fund in certain cases, 215. Suspension of allowance from fund on resuming teaching, 216. Continuance of allowance on again retiring, 216. Forfeiture of claims to fund, 216. Result of not taking advantage of Act, 217. Repayment to contributors of amount of, 217. To settle disputes as to distance from school of non-resident pupils, 217. Not to act as agent for sale of books, map-^, etc., 238. Meaning of " Inspector " in T/ie Truancy Act, 241. Departmental Regulations respecting duties of, at Departmental examinations, 371-375- Remuneration of, 376. Departmental Regulations respecting qualification of, 403. " '. " duties of county, 404409. To furnish secretary of Teachers' Institute with list of teachers, 404. 55^ Index. INSPECTORS (Continued) To spend half a day each term in each school, 404. To satisfy himself as to progress made by pupils, 405. To examine into methods of instruction, 405. To teach model lessons, 405. To ascertain nature of discipline exercised by teacher, 405. To examine equipment of schoolhouse, 406. To report to trustees matters requiring their attention, 406. To give advice to teachers, 406. To see that no unauthorized books used, 407. To withhold school grant in certain cases, 407. To divide school grants, 407. To decide complaints as to elections, 407. To grant temporary certificates, 408. To suspend teacher's certificates, 408. To visit County Model School, 408. To examine pupils, 408. Departmental Regulations as to duties of, in cities and towns, 409. " " " " " Separate Schools, 409. " Model Schools, 409. " Normal Schools, 409. " High Schools, 410. " " respecting powers of, 410. INSTRUCTION What to be given in High Schools, 263. INSURANCE Rural School trustees to insure schoolhouse, 52. INTERPRETATION CLAUSE Purpose of, 13. J JUSTICE OF THE PEACE Penalties under The Public Schools Act may be recovered before a, 225, 226, 230, 231, 237, 239. May excuse child between eight and fourteen years from attendance at school, 243, 245. Summary convictions before, 426-428. Appeals from, to CJeneral Sessions, 428-430. INHKX. 555 K KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS Establishment of, 4. Age of pupils in, 4, 22. Course of instruction in, 23. Regulations respecting certificates of directors and assistants in, 380. Regulations respecting examinations, 381. L LEAVING EXAMINATIONS To be held annually in Public Schools, 200, Subjects of, 200, 330-332. Regulations respecting, 330-334. Regulations respecting High School, 369, 370. " " acceptance of certain University exam- inations in lieu of Senior, 378. LECTURES Inspectors to deliver, 204. ' LEGISLATION Repealed Acts relating to Public Schools, 10-12. Separate, respecting High Schools, 253. LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Departmental Regulations and Orders in Council to be submitted to, 8. May disapprove of, 9. LEGISLATIVE GRANT Department to regulate distribution of, 6. Apportionment of, when and how made, 170. Notice of apportionment to be given to municipal clerks, 1 70. How and when paid, 171. County inspector to distribute among sections and divisions of each township, 171, 208. How and when distribution to be made, 171. How' payable, 172. Notice of amount of, payable to each section, to he givtn to secretary-treasurer, 172, 208. Duties of inspector before paying, 172. Duty of township treasurer to pay order of inspector, 17-'. 560 Index. LEGISLATIVE GRANT (Continued) For improving fifth form of Public Schools, 172. How inspector to apportion, 172. Aid to Teachers' Institutes from, 199. May be withheld by county inspector, When school open for less than six months in a year, 205. When trustees fail to comply with school law, 205. When teacher allows use of unauthorized text-books, 205, 220. Inspector to deduct amount due Separate Schools from, 208. Apportionment of, by Minister of Education among High Schools, 299. Basis of apportionment, 299. To be paid to treasurer of High School Board, 299. When, 299. Notice of apportionment to be given to county clerk, 299. Schools disentitled to share in, 299. Departmental Regulations respecting distribution of, 336-341. Basis of distribution, 336-341. Schedule of distribution, 342. (See Grants ; Municipal Grants ; Legislative Grant.) LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR Additional allowance to inspectors may be made by, 202. Appointment of inspectors in territorial districts by, 202. Remuneration to inspectors, 202. LIBEL What is a privileged communication respecting teachers, 195. LIBRARIES Municipal councils may raise money for establishment of, 161. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS Action by teacher for salary to be brought within three months, 189, 191. LOANS From municipal corporations to poor school sections, 158. By issue of debentures, 163-168. Rural School trustees may apply to township council for, 163. Index. "^ftT LOANS (Continued) Application for, must be sanctioned by ratepayers, 163. Right of ratepayers to object, 164. Purposes for whicli loans can be made, ir»^. How loan to be repayable, 163. Township council must pass by-law for raising, 163. Contents and form of bylaw for raising, 163, 164. Rate of interest to be paid for, 164. Applications for, by union school section, 165. What municipality to pass by-law for, 165. Contribution by other municipalities for i)aynicnt of. 165. Liability of taxable property in school section for, notwith- standing alteration, 165, 166. Expenses of raising, by whom to be paid, 166. Applications for, by township board and trustees of cities, etc., 166. To be made to municipal council, 166. When question of, to be voted on, 166. Who may vote, 167. When question of, need not be voted on, ih-. From Ontario Municipalities Fund, 169, 170. Terms of, 1 70. M MAINTENANCE Meaning of, 256. High School trustees to apply to municipal councils for, 270. When, 270. Estimates need not show how sums required made up, 271. What is a sufificient application, 271. Collection of sum required for. in case of united counties. 271, 290. Municipal grants for, 282-287. What to be paid by county councils, 282. When, 282. Powers of county, city, and town councils under T/ir Mum cipal Act to aid High Schools, 282. Liability of united councils for, 282. Of county pupils in city or town High Schools, 283. Settlement of amount of, by agreement. 284. 36 562 Index. MAINTENANCE (Continued) Disputes as to, to be referred to County Judge, 284. Duty of trustees in case of dispute, 284. " chairman " " 285. Award of referee binding for three years, 285. Costs of reference, 285. Rates for, to be levied by county council, 285. Of county pupils by municipality outside High School district, 285, 307. Such municipality not liable for other rates, 286, 308. Councils in High School districts to levy and collect certain sums for, 286. Contribution by several municipalities composing High School district for, 286, 287. County councils may raise further sums for, 290. MANDAMUS Township council may be compelled to levy school moneys by, 60. When refused, 60, 61. When granted, 61, 62. Trustees may be compelled to raise money to pay teacher's salary by, 62. MAPS Township clerk to prepare map of school sections, 25. Penalty for not preparing, 26, 225. Evidence of division of township into school sections, 25. Teachers, trustees, and inspectors not to act as agent for sale of, 238. MASTERS Of Normal Schools, Department to appoint, 7. Of Model " " " 7. MASTER AND SERVANT Trustees and teacher cannot be regarded as, under Act respecting, 188. MARGINAL NOTES No part of statute, 12. MATRICULATION EXAMINATIONS Regulations respecting, 370, 371. (See Examinations.) Index. 563 MFXHANICS' INSTITUTES Establishment of, 5. Purpose of, 5. MEDICAL HEALTH OFFICER Duties of, under The Public Health Act, 147, 185, 186. MEETINGS In Rural School sections. When held, 27, 28. Notice for, 28. Ratepayer may call to order, 28. Rules for conducting, 28, 29. Penalty for not calling, 29. Duties of chairman at, 29. " secretary at, 29. On formation of new school section. How called, 35. By whom called, 35. Organization of, 36. What is a lawful school meeting, 44. For election of trustees in cities, etc., 127. When held, 128. First meeting of board of trustees in cities, etc., 142. When held, 142. First meeting of Board of Education, when held, 142. First meeting of Board of High School Trustees, 268. When held, 468. MILITARY INSTRUCTION May be given in High Schools, 300. MINISTER OF EDUCATION How appointed, 3. Annual report to Lieutenant-Governor by, 8. Submission of special case to Judge by, 8. May settle disputes and complaints in certain cases, 8. Powers of, as to Separate Schools not affected by The Educatton Department Act, 9. Questions of expenditures by Rural School trustees to be sub- mitted by auditors to, 48. 564 Index. MINISTER OF EDUCATION (Continued) May decide appeal from award for formation, etc., of a union school section, 116. May appoint arbitrators to determine matter of formation, etc., of union section, 116. To call first meeting of arbitrators, 116. To apportion legislative grant, 170. When and how, 170. May hear appeal from suspension of teacher's certificate by in- spector, 195. Suspension of certain certificates to be reported to, 195. May give aid to Teachers' Institutes from legislative grant, 199. Appeal by, to High Court from Division Court, 223. Duties of Division Court Judge on, 223. High School trustees to report yearly and half-yearly to, 274. May confirm or disallow provisional admission of pupils to High School, 295. To apportion legislative grant among High Schools, 299. Basis of apportionment by, 299. MINUTE BOOK Secretary-treasurer of rural trustees to keep, 41. MINUTES Copy of, signed by chairman and secretary of Rural School meet- ing, to be sent to county inspector, 30, 37. To be sent by chairman, 30, 37. Penalty for not sending, 37, 232. How recovered, 37, 233, 239. MODEL SCHOOLS Establishment of, 5. Purpose of, 5. Department may convert Separate Schools into, 7. Examiners for, how appointed, 8, Trustees in cities to constitute, for training teachers, 149. Municipal councils may raise money for support of, 161. Establishment of, by County Board of Examiners, 197. One school in each county to be set apart as, 197. Discretion as to establishment of more than one, 198. Indkx. 565 MODEL SCHOOLS (Continued) Discontinuance of, by County Board of Examiners, !o8. When may be made, 198. Aid to, from county councils, 198. Departmental Regulations respecting establishment of, in counties, 381, 382. Purpose of, 381. Conditions under which established, 382. Departmental Regulations respecting establishment of, in cities,382. " " £rs to duties of teachers in training in, 383- Course of study in, 383. Examinations in, 384. "iMONEY HAD AND RECEIVED" Action against secretary-treasurer for, 42. MONEYS Raised for High School purposes to be paid to High School treasurer, 291. (See School Moneys.) MOTIONS When names of members voting " yea " and " nay " entered on minutes, 30. MUNICIPAL ACT Powers of trustees under, 157, 158. May borrow from municipal corporations for school purposes, 157- Powers of county council to establish High Schools under, 262. MUNICIPAL CLERK (See Municipal Councils.) MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS May lend to Public School trustees, 157. May grant aid to poor school sections, 158. Liabihtyof, for default of treasurer, 175. 566 Index. MUNICIPAL COUNCILS Member of, cannot be member of Board of Education, 21. In municipalities without county organization may form schoo sections and establish board of trustees, 76. May appoint arbitrators to determine on formation, etc., of a union section, no. When, no. Notice to be sent to inspectors, no. Award or certified copy to be filed with clerk of, 114. Award binding for five years, 114. May enlarge boundaries of union section, 114. May grant aid to poor school sections, 158. May raise money by assessment for establishment of Public School libraries, 161. For aiding new or weak schools, 161. " support of Model Schools, 161. " supplementing teachers' salaries, 161. Duties of clerk of, 160-162. To give copy of assessment roll to inspector, 160. To furnish statement of assessment to each board of trustees, 161. To make return to inspector showing rating of Separate School supporters, 162. Penalty for failure or neglect of, 161, 162, 225. Appointment of High School trustees by, 265, 266. Memb'tr of county council cannot be a trustee, 265. Must be by by-law, 265. Term of office of trustees, 265, 266. Applications to, by High School trustees, for " maintenance," 270. Estimate need not show how sum required made up, 271. What is a sufficient application, 271. Collection of sum required for, in case of united counties, 271. (See City Council ; County Council ; Township Council.) MUNICIPALITY Meaning of, 254. MUNICIPALITIES WITHOUT COUNTY ORGANIZA- TION, 76 Index. 567 N NARCOTICS Department to regulate study of, 7. NIGHT SCHOOLS Establishment of, 4. Age of pupils in, 4. Departmental Regulations respecting, 334, 335. NOMINATIONS (See Trustees; Elections.) NON-RESIDENTS Attendance of children of, at Public Schools, 23. NON-RESIDENT PUPILS Admission of, to Public Schools, 23, 217. Disputes as to distance from school in case of, to be settled by inspector, 217. Conditions of attendance of, 217, 218. Fees of, 218. LiabiUty of parents of, for school rates, 218. Children in House of Refuge to be deemed, 218. Payment of fees of, by county council, 218. Meaning of, in The High Schools Act, 255. Fees of, attending High School, 292. Payment of fees of, by county council, 292, 308. Right of, to attend any High School in discretion of trustees, 295. NORMAL SCHOOLS Establishment of, 5. Purpose of, 5. Departmental Regulations respecting, 388-393- NOTICE ^ n J i (See Arbitration; By-Laivs ; Candidates; County hoard oj Examiners; County Councils; Elections: Esammattons ; Forms; High School Sites; Inspectors: Ugishttvc Grant: Meetings; Municipal Councils ; Owner: Police Comnmswn^rs. Rural School Sites ; Secretary; Secretary-Treasurer : Tmvnshp Councils ; Truant Officers ; Trustees ; Union School Sections ; Unorganized Toivnships.) 568 Index. O OATH (See Affirmations ; Trustees : Election of Trustees.) OFFICE Acceptance of, by trustee, what constitutes, ^tZ- Term of office, Of Rural School trustees, 36, 37. " trustees in cities, etc., 125, 126, 127. " " " city of Toronto, 126. " High School trustees, 265, 266, 267. " trustee elected to fill vacancy, 34, 141, 267. Resignation of, by trustee, when allowed, 34. Of trustee, how vacated, 34, 227, 231. OFFICERS Necessary, to be appointed by trustees, in cities, etc., 145. ONTARIO MUNICIPALITIES FUND What it is, 170. Loans from, to Rural School trustees, 169, 170. ONUS OF PROOF Of age of child lies on defendant in proceedings under The Truancy Act, 252. ORDER Action arising out of illegal order, when to be brought, 177. Notice of intention to bring, to be given, 177. Length of notice, 177. To be brought against municipal corporation alone, 177. ORDER OF BUSINESS At Rural School meetings, 29. Regulations respecting, at all school meetings, 416. ORDERS IN COUNCIL To be submitted to Legislative Assembly, 8. OWNER Meaning of, 16. Refusing to sell land selected for a Public School site, 92-98. Arbitrators to be appointed by trustees and, 92. Inspector to act with them to appraise damages, 92, 207. In'I)I-:x. 56*) OWNER (Coniimicd) When owner can refuse to submit to arhiiration, 93. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 94. To settle rights of claimants, 94. To notify claimants, 94. Award of arbitrators to constitute trustees' title to lan'! ■ •' ■•' Award to be registered, 95. Absence of owner of land selected for a Public School site, 98, 99. Proceedings to be taken by trustees, 98. Appointment of sole arbitrator by C'ounty Jud^c to deter mine compensation, 99. Award to constitute trustees' title to land of, 99. Award to be registered, 99. Refusing to sell land selected for a High School site, 275. Proceedings to be taken, 275-277. Absence of owner of land selected for a High School site, 278. Proceedings to be taken by trustees, 278-280. Liability of, to pay school rate on default by his tenant, 304. (See Arbitration ; High School Sites ; Rural School Sites.) P PARENTS Duty of, to compel attendance at school of children between eight and fourteen years, 243. Reasons excusing, from liability for non-attendance of child at school, 248. Child under efficient instruction at home or elsewhere. -'43- What is efficient instruction, 244. Child unable to attend on account of sickness, 243. No school within certain distance, 243. No accommodation at school which child has a right 10 attend, 243. • • 1 <■ If child excused by Justice of the Peace or prmcipal ..I school, 243. If child has passed High School entrance exammalion. 243^ If a Roman Catholic, from attendance at a Public School, and vice versa, 244. Complaints by truant officer against, for violation of The Inuincy Act, 247. D/ o Index. PARENTS (Continued) Liability of, to fine on conviction, 247. May be bound over to cause child to attend school, 247, 248. PENALTY For failure by township clerk to give copy of assessment rolls to inspector and trustees, 161. For failure by township clerk to make return showing rating of Separate School supporters, 162. For allowing use of unauthorized text-books, 178, 220, 302. " " substitution of unauthorized text-books, 59, 221, 302. Recovery of, 221, 302. For neglect or refusal by township clerk to prepare and furnish school section map, 26, 225. Recovery of, 26, 225. For mkking false declaration of right to vote, 32, 226. Recovery of, 32, 226. For disqualified person acting as trustee, 226. For not calling school meetings, 26, 63, 230. Recovery of, For neglect of secretary-treasurer to notify trustees of meetings, 43, 230. Recovery of, 44, 230. For disturbing school meetings, 230, 301. Recovery of, 231, 301. For refusal to serve as trustee, 79, 231. " refusal or neglect by trustee to perform duties of cfifice, 231. Recovery of, 231. What is not a neglect to perform duties of office, 231. For refusal or neglect by trustees to exercise corporate powers, 231. Refusal or neglect must be wilful to render trustees personally liable, 232. For neglect by chairman to transmit minutes of annual school meeting to inspector, 37, 232. Liability of trustees for neglecting to take security from secretary- treasurer, 39, 233. Liability of trustees for lost or embezzled school moneys, 233. When a trustee cannot embezzle, 42, 233. InDKX. cyi PENALTY (Continued) For refusal or neglect of trustees or secretary treasurer to account for school papers or moneys, 42, 234. Proceedings to recover school papers or moneys, 42, 234. : •- Other proceedings against secretary or sureties not afff< ted, 3 j<)- For refusal by trustees to give information to auditors. 45, 236. For neglect by rural trustees to send semi-annual returns to inspector, 65, 236. For neglect by trustees to send yearly returns to inspector, 65, 237. For signing false reports, 65, 237. For keeping false school register, 179, 237. For making false returns, 65, 184, 237. Recovery of penalty, 65, 237. Application of penalty, 65, 238. Personal liability of trustees for moneys lost through neglect of duty, 238. Recovery and application of amount lost, 238. For refusal by teacher to give up visitors' book, 183, 190, 238. " " " schoolhouse key, 183, 190, 238. " " '* school register, 183, 190, 238. " " " school property, 183, 190, 238. Recovery of fines and penalties under T/ie Public Schools Act, 239. For employing children during school hours, 244. On conviction by parent or guardian for violation of The Truancy Act, 247. For neglect by truant officer to perform duties, 247, 251. For neglect by trustees to report truancy cases to truant offircr. 249, 251. Not imposed in certain cases, 252. For neglect of duty by High School teacher under agreement with trustees, 298. PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS Meaning of, 255. Sums required for, to be raised by municipalities comprising High School district, 287. Applications by High School trustees to county council for. 287- When to be made, 287. Must be corporate act of board, 287. Must be independent, 288. 572 Index. PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS (Continued) Issue of debenture by municipal councils for, 287. Term of debentures, 289. Proceedings on refusal of council to issue, 288. May issue without sul)mission to vote of electors, 289. Apportionment of loan for, among municipalities forming High School district, 288, 289. County councils may raise further sums for, 290. Apportionment of grant for, among united counties, 290. POLICE COMMISSIONERS May appoint truant officers, 245. " make regulations respecting truant officers, 246. To give notice of appointment of truant officers to Department, 246. POLL (See Elections : Trustees. ) POLL BOOK (See Chairmati : Elections ; Trustees.) PREPARATORY CLASSES Abolished in High Schools, 264. PRESUMPTION Of proper appointment of secretary-treasurer, 43. As to legal quorum, 144. PRIMARY EXAMINATIONS Departmental Regulations respecting oral, 358-362. 369-370. PRINCIPAL To prescribe duties of assistant teachers, 177. Responsible for organization and discipline of school, 177. To consult with inspector on certain matters, 177. Meaning of, in The Truancy Act, 241. May excuse child between eight and fourteen from attendance at school, 243, 245. Of High School, qualification for, 296. " " Departmental Regulations as to, 402. PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION What is, respecting teachers, 1 95. iNni-x. 573 PROCEEDINGS At school meetings, complaints as to, to be made to inspector, ,;o, 3I' 37, 38- Inspector may investigate, 38, 207. May confirm or set aside, 38. Time for making complaints, 38, 39. Allowance to inspector investigating, 212. PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATES Departmental Regulations respecting classification of, 379. PROHIBITIONS Trustee of a school section not to be an inspector, master, or teacher, 226. Master or teacher not to hold office of trustee, 226. Inspector not to be teacher or trustee, 226. Seat of trustee vacated by conviction for crime, 34, 227, 301. " " " insanity, 34, 227, 301. " " " absence from hoard meetings for three months, 34, 227, 301. Must be declared vacant by remaining trustees, 227, 301. Seat of trustee vacated by interest in contract with corporation, 34, 227, 300. Exception in case of secretary-treasurer, 227. Contract need not be binding on board, 228. What interest will disqualify, 228, 229. " not " 228, 229, 230. Immaterial that name of trustee in or not in contract, 228. Time to which disqualification relates, 228. Proof of agency alone will not disqualify, 229. Seat must be declared vacant by formal resolution, 229. Quo warranto proceedings to declare seat vacant, 229. No teacher, trustee, or inspector to act as agent for sale of l)Ooks, maps, etc., 238 PROMISSORY NOTE . , , . Rural trustees may borrow money on, to pay teacher s salary. 62. Not to bear interest at more than eight per cent., 62. Must be under corporate seal, 62. T~i T^) /~\ T^ Hj* CZ T* Against legality of school meeting, chairman cannot receive. 30. 574 Index. PROTESTANTS Not required to attend Roman Catholic Separate School, 252. PROVINCIAL MODEL SCHOOLS (See Model Schools.) PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOLS Departmental Regulations respecting, 388-393. Duties of principals and masters in, 389. " teachers-in-training in, 389. Course of study in, 390. Examinations in, 390, 391. Instructions to examiners, 391-393. PROVINCIAL TREASURER To pay legislative grant when apportioned, 171. When and to whom, 171. PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS To be held by teachers every term, 183. PUBLIC HEALTH ACT Duties of teachers under, 185, 186. " medical health officer under, 185, 186. PUBLIC MONEYS Bond of county treasurer to apply to, 174. PUBLIC SCHOOLS Department may make regulations for, 6. Existing constitution affirmed, 17. Establishment of, 4. Age of pupils at, 4, 22. To be free, 22. Admission to, 22. Must be accommodation, 22. Proper application for, to be made, 22. Subject to provisions, of The Public Health Act, 22. In case of children entitled to attend Separate Schools, 23. Attendance at, when compulsory, 22, 242. Reasons excusing compulsory attendance, 22, 243. Trustees to provide adequate accommodation in, 22, 145. Right of pupile to attend, 22, 54, 55, 56, 57. Index. 57c PUBLIC SCHOOLS (Continued) Course of instruction in, 23, 321-330. Admission to, of non-resident pupils, 24, 217, 218. Departmental Regulations as to site and outside premises of, 31 j. " schoolhousc, 313. " school furniture and equipments, 313-315- Departmental Regulations as to school hours, 316. " " " duties of pupils, 316-319. Attendance at school, 316, 317. Absence from school, 316. Suspension of pupils, 317. Expulsion of pupils, 317. Transfer to other schools, 317. Suspension of a pupil suffering from, or exposed to, a con- tagious disease, 317. Absence from examinations, 318. Obedience to teachers, 318. Pupil must possess proper school books, 318. Payment of fees by, 318. Injuring school property, 319. Certificates of good conduct of, 319. Departmental Regulations as to duties of teachers in, 3 19-32 1- Principals and assistants, duties of, 319. To see that schoolhouse ready for reception of pupils, 319. To classify pupils, 319. To prepare time-table, 319. To prevent use of unauthorized text-books, 319. Penalty for non-performance of this duty, 319. To make promotions, 320. Discipline and management of nupils, 320. Ventilation and cleanliness of schoolhouse, 320. To see that school grounds, etc., kept in order, 320. To see no damage to school property, 320. To notify trustees of necessary repairs or supplies, 320. To employ caretakers, 320. To make returns and furnish information to inspector and Education Department, 320. To attend Teachers' Institutes, 321. 5/6 Index. PUBLIC SCHOOLS (Continued) To notify trustees of absence through sickness, 321. To conduct schools properly, 321. To take no collections, etc., from pupils. 321. To make no announcements except for school purposes, 321. Not to make up lost time by teaching on holidays, 321. Departmental Regulations as to course of study in, 321-330. " " " leaving examination in. To be held at same time and by same examiners as High • School entrance examination, 330. Provisions respecting, 330-334. Time-table for, 334. (See Schools.) PUPILS Right of, to attend school, 54, 55, 56, 57. When refractory, may be dismissed by trustees, 57, 148. Readmission of, 57. How deprived of right to attend school, 58. Teachers to classify, 178. Suspension of, by teachers for misconduct, etc., 180, 181. Teachers have only power to suspend, 180. Right of teachers to administer corporal punishment to, 181, 182, 318. Must not be excessive, 182, 318. Teachers to look after health of, 185, 186. Admission of non-resident pupils to Public Schools, 24, 217. Fees of non-resident pupils, 218. From House of Refuge, 218. Fees of, to be paid by county council, 218. Liability of parents of non-resident pupils for school rates, 218. High School trustees may expel, 271. Extended power of High School trustees, 272. High School trustees may suspend for refusal to produce certificate of vaccination, 272, 295. May be prevented from attending High School if suffering from or exposed to a contagious disease, 296. Provision for attendance of High School pupils at Toronto University and Upper Canada College, 290. Index. 577 PUPILS (Continued) Fellowships in Toronto University and Upi)er Canada College for competition among High School, 291. Departmental Regulations respecting duties of, in I'uhhr <■ h^A%, 316 319. (See Public Schools.) Departmental Regulations respecting duties of, in High Schools, 343. Q QUALIFICATION Of Rural School trustee, 27. Of members of township board, 78. Of Public School trustees in cities, etc., 124. Of High School trustees, 267. QUORUM Majority of board of rural trustees forms, 39. " township board forms, 79. Of board of trustees in cities, etc., 144. What constitutes, 144. Majority of quorum necessary to bind board, 144. Acts of board without a legal quorum void, 144. Presumption as to legal quorum, 144. Of County Board of Examiners, what, 196. Of Board of High School Trustees, what, 268. QUO WARRANTO Proceedings to declare seat of trustee vacant, when to be taken, 229. R RATES For Public Schools not to be collected from supporters ul Separate Schools, 17. How raised for Separate Schools, 17. RATEPAYER Meaning of, 16, 27. Who is a, 16, 27. Must be resident to be elected trustee, 1 7. Voluntary subscription by, for e.\penses of school, illegal, 6j. Concurrence of, needed in selection or change of school site, 86. Certificate of municipal clerk to be evidence of number of. m municipality, 262. 37 578 Index. REFERENCE To County Judge to settle amount due by county council for main- tenance of county pupils, 284. Decision of Judge to be binding for three years, 284. Costs of reference, 285. REGISTER (See School Register.) RELIGIOUS EXERCISES Departmental Regulations respecting, 411, 412. RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION None required if objected to by parents, 24. Parents may decide on, 24. What authorized, 24. REPAIRS Teachers to notify trustees if necessary, 187. REPORTS Department to prescribe forms of, 7. To be made by teachers to Department, 184. Penalty for signing false, 184, 237. To be made by trustees in cities, etc., to Minister of Education, 151. Penalty for not sending, 237. " " making false, 237. To be sent by High School trustees to Minister of Education, 274. When, 274. RESERVATION Of land for school purposes vests property in trustees, 51. RESIDENT PUPILS Meaning of, 254. Fees of, attending High Schools, 292. RESOLUTION Passed at annual meeting may be rescinded at special meeting, 64. Action arising out of illegal, when to be brought, 177. Notice of intention to bring, to be given, 177. Length of notice, 177. To be brought against municipal corporation alone, 177 Index. 570 RETURNS To be made by Rural School trustees to inspcct(jr, (14. Penalty for not sending, 64, 65, 236, 237. " " making false, 65, 237. To be made to Education Department by trustees in cities etc., Penalty for not sending, 237. " " making false, 237. To be made by teacher, 184. Penalty for making false, 184, 237. RETURNING OFFICER (See Elections : Trustees.) ROMAN CATHOLICS Repeal of certain Acts respecting Public Schools not to affect Separate Schools for, 240. Children between eight and fourteen years being excused from attendance at Public School, 244, 252. RURAL SCHOOL SITES Selection of, and taking land for, 85-100. Special school meeting to be called to consider change of school site or selection of new site, 85, 86. Notice calling meeting, stating reasons therefor, to be sent out, 86. When question of school site arises, 86. Trustees can enlarge school site without concurrence of rate- payers, 86, 96. Concurrence of freeholders necessary in the selection of new site, 86. Selected site may be changed by .1 subsequent meeting, 86. No limitation to change in selection of a school site, 86, 87. What special meeting to change or select site to pass upon, 87. Change or selection of school site should be presented free from other questions, 87. When relief granted against trustees wrongfully buUding on site, changed by competent authority, 87. When majority of ratepayers disagree, arbitrators to W named by each party, 87, 88. 580 Index. RURAL SCHOOL SITES (Continued) County inspector to act as third arbitrator, 88. If arbitrators not named at meeting rejecting site, may be named at subsequent meeting, 87. Arbitrators to award on matters submitted to them, 88. Who may be chosen as arbitrators, 88. Fraud or collusion on part of arbitrators voids award, 88. Arbitrators to be notified of their appointment in writing, 88. Should accept office in writing, 88. Majority of arbitrators decides matters submitted to them, 88, 89. Notice of meeting to be given to arbitrators, 89. Meeting should be adjourned for ten days if any arbitrator absent, 89, 94. Notice of adjourned meeting to be sent to arbitrators, 89, 94. Two arbitrators can act at subsequent meeting, and make award, 89. Award made at subsequent meeting, without notice thereof to absent arbitrator, invalid, 94. Arbitrators to hear evidence on both sides, 89. Judges of the admissibility of evidence, 89. When arbitrators can proceed and make award ex parte, 89. Evidence to be taken in presence of parties or their counsel, 89. Arbitrators cannot delegate their power, 89. But may delegate ministerial acts, 89. When award to be made, 89. Time for making may be enlarged, 89, 90. Award not binding if made after the time limited, 89. Award to be in writing, 90. Execution of award, 90. When award made, 90. Authority of arbitrators ceases when award made, 90. When corrections and alterations allowed, 90. Arbitrators not bound to give reasons for their award, 90. Arbitrators may be called as witnesses to prove y^^/x occurring during reference, 90. Rights of parties to arbitration, 90. Costs of arbitration, 90, 96. Index. 581 RURAL SCHOOL SITES (Continued) When award may be set aside, 91. Restrictions as to revoking submission lo arbitration. 01. 'i.v When award may be reconsidered, 92. Award binding for five years, 92. When either party refuses or neglects to appoint arbitrator in- spector with arbitrator appointed may act, 93. Powers of inspector in such case, 93, 94. Owner refusing to sell site selected for a new school site. Owner and trustees each to appoint arbitrator to appraise damages, 92. Inspector to act as third arbitrator, 92. When trustees can demand arbitration, 93, 96, 98. When owner may refuse to sell or submit to arbitration. In case of enlarged school sites owner has only a restn. un right, 93, 97- Powers of arbitrators, 94. Arbitrators to notify claimants in writing, 94- Who are " claimants," 94. Land may be taken by trustees on tender of amount of dam ages to owner, 95. Trustees to retain out of damages amount sufficient to pay on any encumbrances, 95. Award of arbitrators to constitute title, 95. " to be registered, 96. Limits of new school site, 96. Who may convey school sites, 97. Proceedings in case of absence of owner of land selected (..r school site, 98, 99. How compensation for land ascertained, 98- Proof of absence of owner required, 90. Notice to owner, 98. How served, 98. Contents of notice, 98, 99. Appointment of arbitrator by County Judge, 99- Responsibility of trustee as to compensation. 99- Compensation to stand in place of land, 99- liable to encumbrances against land, 99- 582 Index. RURAL SCHOOL SITES (Continued) When compensation money to be paid into Court, loo. Award to constitute title and to be registered, loo. (See School Sites.) s SALARY Municipal council may raise money for supplementing teacher's, i6i. Amount to which teacher entitled, 190. Period for which teacher entitled to, during sickness, 190. Protection of teachers in regard to, 191. Differences between trustees and teachers as to, to be settled in Division Court, 191. How recovered under judgment against trustees, 191. Of inspectors in cities and towns, payment of, 210. " " " grants in aid of, 210. Of High School teachers, trustees to give order on treasurer for, 270. Amount to which High School teacher entitled, 297. Period for which High School teacher entitled to, during sickness, 297. Differences between High School trustees and teacher as to, to be settled in Division Court, 298. How recovered under judgment against High School trustees, 298. SANITARY ARRANGEMENTS Duties of trustees in cities, etc., as to, 146. SCHOOLS Number and grade of, to be determined by Public School trustees in cities, etc., 148. Trustees unlimited discretion as to number of, 148. Teachers to see that schools ready for reception of pupils, 178. Meaning of "school" in The Truancy Act, 241. (See Public Schools : Compulsory Attendance.) SCHOOL AGE In Kindergarten Schools, 4, 148. In Public Schools, 4, 22. In Night Schools, 4. Assessors to make annual list of children of, under The Truancy Act, 249. lNi)i:x. 5g_j SCHOOL APPARATUS Public School trustees in cities, etc., to provide, 14^1. SCHOOL ASSESSMENT (See Assessment.) SCHOOL BOUNDARIES Powers of township councils to make territorial changes for school purposes, 100-105. Township council may pass by-laws, To unite existing school sections, 100. When, loi. Must be by by-law, loi. By-law must be under cori)orate seal, etc., loi. " " define limits accurately, loi. To alter boundaries, 102. To divide an existing section, 102. To unite part of one section to another, 102. Persons interested in alteration to be notified, 102, 10 j. What is a sufficient notice, 102, 103. By-law invalid if notice not given, 103. " need not state notice given, 103. Powers of municipalities to alter boundaries within their townships, 103. Alteration in, does not necessitate appointment of new trustees. 103. i°5- When by-law altering school boundaries takes effect, 104. 105 By-law need not state when it goes into force, 104. How long effective, 104. Copy of by-law altering, to be sent to trustees, 104. Effect of alteration on original section, 104 What part continues to be original section, 104. Effect of alteration on trustees, 104. Responsibility of trustees of original section on alteration of, 105. Liability of taxable property in original section on alteration of, 105. Appeal to county council against township by-law altering, 105. <' «' « " neglect or refusal of township council to alter, 106. Who may appeal, 105. Time for appealing, 105, 106. 584 Index. SCHOOL BOUNDARIES (Continued) Appointment of arbitrators bycountycouncil tohearappeal, 106. Powers of arbitrators, 106. Who may be arbitrators, 107. When alteration to take effect, 107. Period during which alteration of, remains in force, 107. Township clerk and trustees to be notified by inspector of determination of arbitrators, 107. Adjustment of claims between unions in same township, 107, 108. Appointment of arbitrators to settle, 108. Who may be arbitrators, 108. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 108. Disposal of school property on alteration of, 108. SCHOOL COLLECTOR In school sections in unorganized townships. Trustees to appoint, 72. Who may be, 72. Remuneration or commission of, 72, 73. Should make declaration of office, 72. Effect of not making declaration, 75. To give security, 72. Nature and form of, 72. Extent of surety's liability, 72, 73. Powers and liabilities of, 73-76. May collect school rates under warrant from trustees, 74. But not from non-residents, 74. Cannot sue in his own name for rates, 74. Can collect taxes in arrear when no return made, 75. Appointment of a person as, does not void appointment of previous collector, 76. Need only demand taxes once, 76. To be appointed by trustees in cities, etc., 145. Duties and liabilities of, 176. Should make declaration of ofiice, 176. Effect of not making declaration, 176. SCHOOL CORPORATION Existence not to cease from want of trustees, 34. Index. 585 SCHOOL EQUIPMENT Trustees to attend to, 58, 146. Trustees to decide expense of, 59. SCHOOL FUND (See Legislative Grant ; County Grant. ) SCHOOL FURNITURE In Public Schools, Departmental Regulations respecting, 31.^, 315. In High " " " " 335. SCHOOL HOURS Departmental Regulations respecting, 316. Employment of children during, 244. Penalty for, 244. SCHOOLHOUSE Department to regulate equipment of, 6. For what purpose to be used, 52. Trustees to keep in repair, 52, 146. " " rent or build, 52, 146. '* " insure if required, 52. " not to permit use of, for other purposes, 52. " may be restrained from doing so, 52. Liability of trustees for erection of, 53. Trustees to sue for trespass on, 53. When schoolmaster may sue for trespass on, 53. Position of, in school sections in unorganized townships, 66. Money may be raised for purchase or erection of, 163. By issue of debentures, 163. " yearly rate, 169. " borrowing from Ontario Municipalities Fund, 169. Departmental Regulations respecting, 313. High, 335- SCHOOLHOUSE KEY Teacher to deliver up, 183. Penalty for refusing, 183, 190, 238. SCHOOL LANDS Who may convey, 50, 278. Lands granted before 1850 for school purposes still vested in trustees, 240. 586 Index. SCHOOL LAW Questions of, may be submitted by Minister of Education to Judge of High Court, 8. SCHOOL MEETING Penalty for disturbing, 230, 301. Recovery of penalty, 231, 301. (See Meetings.) SCHOOL MONEYS To be produced by secretary-treasurer when required, 41. Cannot be embezzled by trustee not authorized to receive same, 41. To be paid to secretary-treasurer, 41, 42, 168. " disbursed by secretary-treasurer, 41. How collected by auditors, 48. Rural School trustees to apply to township council for, 60. Application to be sent to township clerk, 60. " " made in due form, 60. Proper estimates for, to be submitted, 60, 61. Cannot be raised by voluntary subscription among ratepayers, 62. Trustees cannot enforce payment of voluntary subscription for, 6 2. Expenses of publishing by-laws may be deducted from, 166, 168. School trustees entitled to surplus in hands of township council arising from collection of, 168. Surplus, cannot be appropriated to general purposes of town- ship, 169. Rural trustees may apply to township council to raise by yearly rate, 169. May only be raised for certain purposes, 169. Duty and liability of county treasurer to account and pay over, 173, 174. Liability of county treasurer and sureties to municipality for, 173. County treasurer responsible for loss of, through insolvency of agent, 174. Liability of municipal corporation for treasurer's default in, 175. Bond of county treasurer to apply to, 173, 174. Duties and liabilities of secretary-treasurer with respect to, 176. Liability of trustees and secretary-treasurer for refusing to account for, 234. Index. 587 SCHOOL MONEYS (Continued) Proceedings to recover, 234, 235. Other remedies against trustees and secretary-treasurer not affected, 235- {See Secretary -Treasurer : County Treasurer; Towns/tif* 'Treasurer.) SCHOOL PAPERS Liability of trustees and secretary-treasurer for neglecting or refusing to account for, 234. Proceedings to recover, 234, 235. Other remedies against trustees and secretary-treasurer not affected, 235- SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY Establishment of, 5. Purpose of, 5. Afifiliation of, with High Schools, 7. Departmental Regulations respecting, 393-402. Duties of staff in, 396. " teachers-in-training in, 396, 397. Course of study in, 397-400. Examinations in, 398, 399. Instructions to examiners in, 400-402. SCHOOL PREMISES Trustees in cities, etc., to provide, 146. SCHOOL PROPERTY Trustees to have custody and disposal of, 49. 152. Who may convey to trustees, 50, 278. Exemption of, from taxation, 51. " " High School property from taxation, 281. Qualification as to exemption, 2S2. Not seizable under execution, 51. To be conveyed by trustees under corporate seal, 50, 152. Disposal of, on alteration or union of sections, 108. Teacher to deliver up, 183. Penalty for refusing to deliver up, 185, 190, 238. Damage to, to be prevented by teachers, 187. Liability of trustees and secretary-treasurer for ncglecimg or refusing to account for, 234. Proceedings to recover, 234, 235. 588 Index. SCHOOL PROPERTY (Continued) Other remedies against trustees and secretary-treasurer not affected, 235. Vested in High School trustees, 281. May be disposed of by High School trustees when not needed, 281. SCHOOL RATES Persons in school sections in unorganized townships exempt from, 66. Can be collected by collector under warrant from trustees, 74. But only within limits of section for which trustees appointed, 75- Property of non-resident cannot be levied on for, 74. Cannot be sued for by collector in his own name, 74. Action for, must be brought by trustee corporation, 74. Promissory note not legal payment for. 74. Replevin may be brought upon distress for, 75. Need only be demanded by collector once, 76. Collection and payment of, in union school sections, 116. Payment over to trustees, 116. When council has and has not option to raise moneys for, 150. Township council not to levy more than one yearly rate, 169. Except for purchase of school site or erection of schoolhouse, 169. Liability of parents of non-resident pupils in Public Schools for, 218. Liability of owner to pay, on default by tenant, 304. SCHOOL REGISTER Department to prescribe form of, 7. To be kept by teacher, 179. Penalty for keeping false, 179, 237. Recovery and application of penalty, 237, 238. Teacher to deliver up, 183. Penalty for refusing to deliver up, 183, 190, 238. SCHOOL SECTIONS Meaning of, 16. Formation of, 16. Powers of township council regarding, 16. Inukx. 589 SCHOOL SECTIONS (Continued) Formation of, in townships, 24. To be designated by a number, 24. Limits of, to be defined accurately, 25. Assessors to value land in, 25. Area of new, 25. Township clerk to prepare map of, 25. Penalty for not preparing, 26, 225. Map as evidence of division of township into, 26. Effect of alteration of boundaries of, 28. Formation of new, proceedings on, 35. Dissolution of, by council when no trustees elected, 35. Disposition of section so dissolved, 35. Assets of, on dissolution, 35. Term of office of trustees of new, 36. In unorganized townships, 65-76. (See School Boundaries ; Unorganized Tmvnships : Union School Sections.) SCHOOL SITES Meaning of, 15. Regulations as to, 15. Securing and changing, 16. Liability of trustees for purchase of, 146. Trustees in cities, etc., may acquire land for, 152. Money may be raised by issue of debentures for purchase of, lOj Or, by yearly rate for purchase of, 169. Or, may be borrowed from Ontario Municipalities Fund, i^.j. Departmental Regulations respecting public, 312. (See Rural School Sites; High School Sites.) SECRETARY Of Rural School meetings. Duties of, at Rural School meetings, 29. " " election of Rural School trustee. 31. To notify trustees when elected, 33. To sign copy of minutes and poll book, 37. Of County Board of Examiners, election of, 196. Remuneration of, iy6. 590 Index. SECRETARY-TREASURER Board to elect, 39. To give security to trustees, 39. Liability of trustees for neglecting to take securityfrom, 39, 233. Liability of surety for, 39, 40. May receive compensation for services, 41. May be appointed school collector, 41. Duties of, 41-43. To keep minutes, etc., 41. To receive school moneys, 41. To disburse school moneys, 41. To produce papers and moneys belonging to board, 41. Refusal to produce moneys, etc., punishable, 42, 45, 234. Proceedings to recover papers and moneys from, 42, 234, 235. Other remedies against not affected, 235. To call special meetings of board, 42. To give notice of meetings to trustees, 42, 43. Maybe fined for neglect to give notice, 43. To receive moneys levied and collected by council, 42. To make afifidavit for registration of award, 42. May be liable to an action for " money had and received,'" 42. Presumption of proper appointment and right to act as, 43. To lay accounts before and furnish information to auditors, 45. Penalty for neglect or refusal to do so, 45, 236. Appointment of, by trustees in cities, etc., 145. To receive school moneys from township council, 168. When, 168. Duties and liabilities of, with respect to school moneys, 176. Of High School Board, to give security to trustees, 271, 291. SECURITY Trustees to take from secretary-treasurer, 39. Meaning of, 39. Responsibility of trustees neglecting to take, 39, 233. May be taken from a guarantee company, 40. Trustees to take security from school collector, 72. Nature and form of, 72. Extent of surety's liability, 72, 73. High School trustees to take security from treasurer, 271, 291. INDKX. jg, SEMI-ANNUAL RETURNS Rural trustees to transmit to inspector, 64. When, 64. Penalty for neglect to do so, 64, 236. Result of neglect to send, 64. Penalty for making false, 65, 237. SEPARATE SCHOOLS Powers of Minister of Education as to, not affecied hy The Edma Hon Departintnt Act, iSgr, 9. Except in certain matters, 7, 8, 9. Children for whom established, not entitled to attend Public School, 54, 56- Where none established, children of that class entitled to attend Public School, 56. Creation of, only suspends right of admission to I'ublic Schools, 56. Repeal of certain statutes not to affect Roman Catholic, 240. SEPARATE SCHOOL SUPPORTERS Not to vote at election of Public School trustees in cities, etc., 138. Return showing rating of, to be given to county inspector, 162. When, 162. SEPARATE SCHOOL TRUSTEES Appointment of High School trustees by, 266. Term of office of High School trustees appointed by, 2O7. SICKNESS Period for which teacher entitled to salary during, 62, 190, 297. Extension of period, 62, 190, 297. Will excuse compulsory attendance at school, 243. SPECIAL INOUIRIES Minister of Education may appoint persons to conduct, 221. Remuneration to such persons for conducting, 221. Power of persons conducting to administer oaths, 221. Compelling attendance of witnesses on, 221, 222. Payment of witness' fees in, 222. Punishment of witnesses not attending on, 222. 592 Index. SPECIAL MEETINGS In Rural School sections to be called by trustees for filling vacancy in board, 63. For selection of school site, 63. For appointment of school auditor, 63. For any lawful school purpose, 63. Trustees to post notice of time, place, and object of meeting, 63. Trustees liable to fine for not giving proper notice of, 63, 230. Resolution passed at annual meeting may be rescinded at, 64. County inspector to call in certain cases, 28, 206, 207. SPECIALISTS' CERTIFICATES Departmental Regulations respecting, 376-379. Examination of university in Ontario accepted for, 378. Subject to certain conditions, 379. STATUTES British North America Act, iSdy, s. 93, i. 4 and 5 Vict., cap. 18, 10. 7 9, 10. 12 ' 83, 10. 12 ' 200, 10. 13 ' 48, 10. 14, 15 ' III, lO. 16 ' 182, 10. 16 ' 185, 10. 16 ' 186, 253- 18 ' 121, II. 18 ' 131, II. 18 ' 132, 11. C. S. U. C, c. 63, s. 16, 282. C. S. U. C, c. 64, II. 23 Vict., cap. 49, II. 32 34 34 35 37 39 44, II- 2>3, II- 2>Z, s. 40, 259. 22, 1 1. 27, ss. 44, 45, 287. 16, S. I, II. Index. STATUTES (Continued) 593 40 Vict., cap. 16, II. 40 " (( 16, s. II (4), 109. R. S. 0., 1877, cap. 204, II. (( (C It 204, s. 97, 44. (( It II 204, S. 221, 175. 41 Vict., cap. 20, I 42 " ( 42, s. 115, 136. 55 u V . 42, s. 116, 137. 55 u il 42, s. 117, 137. 55 a U 42, s. 118, 137. 55 u u 42, s. 120 (5), 137. 55 a c( 42, s. 142-160, 137. 55 u ii 42, s. 234, 144. 55 (I (( 42, s. 254-257, 74. 55 u <( 42, s. 263, 80. 55 u (t 42, s. 271, 72, 75, 176. 55 (( u 42, ss. 282, 288, lOI. . 55 l( u 42, s. 340 (3), 163. 55 u (( 42, s. 293, 280. 55 u (( 42, s. 340, 167, 168, 288. 55 (( u 42, s. 342, 168. 55 t( (( 42, s. 351, 167. 55 (( (( 42, s. 379, 157. 55 u (( 42, s. 396, 88. 55 (( (( 42, s. 404, 90. 55 tl (I 42, s. 460, 219. 55 1< (( 42, s. 489 (10), 51. 55 (( a 42, s. 495 (5). 262. 55 u u 42, s. 495 (6), 282. 55 (( (( 42, s. 495, ss. 7, 8, 9, 291. 55 11. (C 48, s. 7 (5), 51. 55 (( u 48, s. 12, 73, 76. 55 (( u 48, ss. 14, 14a, 14/', l:\C, 69 Index. -q- STATUTES (Continued) 55 Vict, cap. 48, ss. 64-61;, 70. 55 " " 48, ss. 68-76, 71. 55 " " 48, ss. 122-137, 74. 55 " " 52, 179. 55 " " 52, 60, 304. 56 " " 52, 307, 424. TAe Elementary Education Act, 7^79 (Imperial), 244. STUDY (See Course of Study.) SUPERANNUATION Annual contribution by teachers and inspectors to fund, 213. Conditions entitling teachers and inspectors to share in fund, 213. Repayment of contril)utions to fund to wife or legal representative of deceased teacher or inspector, 213. Teachers and inspectors retiring before sixty not disqualified frdin sharing in fund in certain cases, 213. Proof of disability to be furnished by teachers under sixty, 214. Right of teacher or inspector contributing to fund to retire on reaching sixty, 214. When payments from fund commence, 214. Supplementary pensions from fund, 215. Teachers under sixty entitled to share in fund under rcrtain conditions, 215. Extra allowance to teachers and inspectors from fund in certam cases, 215. Conditions as to good character of teacher sharing in fund, 216. Suspension of allowance from fund on teacher or ins|)Cctor resuming teaching, 216. Continuance of allowance from fund on teacher or insi)ector acain retiring, 216. Forfeiture of claims of teacher and inspector to fund, 216. Proviso as to teachers and inspectors not availing themselves of Act, 217. Repayment to contributors to fund, 217. Provisions of The Public Schools Act, 1891, as to, to apply to teachers in High Schools, 297. Departmental Regulations respecting, 415- 596 Index. SURETY Liability of, for default of secretary-treasurer, 39, 40. SURPLUS MONEYS Trustees entitled to, arising from collection of school moneys, 168. Arising from collection of school rate cannot be appropriated to general township purposes, 169. From Ontario Municipalities Fund, Rural Schools may borrow from, 169. Special meeting of ratepayers to be called, 169. Consent of ratepayers necessary, 169. Terms of loan, 170. Purposes for which money may be borrowed, 170. SUSPENSION Of pupils for misconduct, 180, 181. Teachers have only power to suspend, 180. Of pupils in High Schools for refusing to produce certificate of vaccination, 272. Of pupils in Public Schools, Departmental Regulations as to, 317. SUSPENSION OF CERTIFICATES Teacher's certificate may be suspended by inspector for misconduct, 194, 208. Or, for refusing to carry out agreement with Public School trustees, 189. Duties of inspector as to, 194, 195, 208. Appeal to Minister of Education from, 195. Of teachers in High Schools for refusing to carry out agreement with trustees, 297. ( See Inspectors ; Certificates: Board of Examiners.) T TAXES Public School property exempt from, 51. High School property exempt from, 281. Qualification as to exemption of, 281. Ratable property exempted from, by municipal by-law, not to affect liability of property for school rates, 306. Index. ^ TEACHERS Department to determine qualification and duties of, U. " " pay pensions of, 6. Meaning of "teacher," 15, 190. Certificate of qualification necessary for, 1 5. To be provided by trustees, 53, 148, 273. Names and addresses of, to be sent to township clerk by Rural School trustees, 63. Salaries of, trustees to provide for payment of, 02, 148,273. Rural trustees may borrow on their promissory note for, 6a. Note to be under corporate seal, 62. No rate can be imposed for unqualified, 62. Trustees may be compelled by mandamus to raise money to pay, 62. Amount to which entitled, igo, 297. Allowed during sickness not exceeding four weeks in year, 62, 190, 297. Period may be increased by trustees, 62, 190, 297. Protection of teachers in regard to salary, 191. Differences between trustees and teachers as to, to be settled in Division Court, 191, 298. Duties of, 177-187. Principal and assistant, 177. " to prescribe duties of assistant, 177. " responsible for organization and discipline of school. 177. Principal to consult with inspector on certain matters, 1 7 7i 3 ' M- To see that schools ready for reception of pupils, 178, 319. To classify pupils, 178, 319. To prepare time-table, 178, 319. To teach according to law, 178. To prevent use of unauthorized text-books, 178, 319. Penalty for allowing use of, 178, 220. Comments by, on use of tobacco by minors, 179. Regulations relating to, to be embodied in by -Jaws, 179. To keep register of school, 179. Penalty for keeping false register, 179, 237. " " making false returns, 237. Recovery and application of penalty, 237, 238. 59^ Index. TEACHERS (Continued j To maintain order and discipline, 179, 318, 320. Suspension of pupils by, for misconduct, etc., 180, 181, 317. Have only power to suspend pupils, 180. Corporal punishment by, 181, 318. Right of teachers to administer, 181, 182, 318. Excessive, 182, 318. Unlawful, 182. To keep a visitors' book, 183. To give access to register and visitors' book, 183. To deliver up registers, keys, and other school property, 183. Penalty for refusing to deliver up, 183, 238. To hold public examinations, 183. To furnish information to Minister and inspector, 184. To prepare reports, 184. To notify trustees of unsanitary condition of closets, 184, 320. To take precautions against spread of infectious disease, 146, 147, 185, 186, 317. Duties of, under T/ie PiihlicHealth Act, 146, 147, 185, 186, 318. To prevent damage to school property, 187, 317. May employ caretakers, 187, 320. To attend Teachers' Institutes, 187, 321. To notify trustees and inspector of absence through sickness, 187, 321. To take no subscriptions or presents from pupils, 187, 321. To make no announcements, etc., except for school purposes, 187, 321. To give no medal or prize to pupils without consent of trustees, 187, 321. Not to make up lost time by teaching on holidays, 187, 321. Suspension of certificates of, for refusing to carry out agreement with trustees, 189, 297. For misconduct, 194, 208. Inspector to notify teacher of, 194, 208. For refusal to give up schoolhouse key or school property, 183, 239. Duty of county inspector as to, 195. Appeal by teacher to Minister of Education from, 195. Not to hold office of trustee, 226. lN-ni:x. 5^ TEACHERS (Continued j Acting as such cannot be appointed as inspectors, 200. Not to act as agent for sale of maps, books, etc., 238. Privileged communications respecting, 195. Superannuation of, 213-217. Contribution to superannuation fund by, 213. Conditions entitling, to share in fund, 213. Repayment of contributions to fund to wife of de5 TOWNSHIP COUNCILS (Contmucdt Appeal from assessment, 151). How assessment to be made in certain union school section*. 159- Duties of clerk as to furnishing statements of assessment, 160 162. To pay over school moneys collected by them t«i secretary- treasurer, 168. When, 168. May deduct expenses of publishing by-laws from, l>eforu pa) ing, 166, 168, 305. Cannot retain surplus arising from collection of school moneys or appropriate to purposes of township, 168, 169. May raise school moneys by yearly rate on application of trustees, 169. For purchase of a school site, 169. " " or erection of a schoolhouse, 169. " " " " teacher's residence, 169. Not to levy more than one yearly rate, 169. Exceptions, 169. To pay to trustees of Separate Schools amount deducted from county grant, 162. How to be paid, 162. TOWNSHIP TREASURERS Are sub-treasurers of county treasurer, 173. Responsibilities and obligations of, as to school moneys, 17;,. To account for school moneys, 173. To pay lawful orders of county inspector, 173. TREASURER High School trustees to elect, 268. « " " take security from, 271. 29»- Moneys raised for High School purposes to be paid to, ri,i. When, 291. To submit his accounts to municipal auditors, 201. (See Secretary-Tnasura: ) TRESPASS Trustees to sue for, on schoolhouse, 53. When schoolmaster may sue for, 53. 6o6 Index. TRUANCY Act respecting, and Compulsory School Attendance, 241. Cases of, to be reported by trustees to truant officer, 249. TRUANCY ACT Violations of, by corporations, 250. Liability of corporation for violations of, 250. How prosecutions under, brought and heard, 251. Convictions under, not to be quashed for informality, 251, Commencement of, 252. TRUANT OFFICERS Appointment of, 245, 246. In cities, towns, and villages, 245. In townships, 246. Notice of appointment to be given to inspectors and trustees, 246. Regulations respecting, may be made by persons appointing, 246. Powers of, in cities, towns, and villages, 245. " " townships, 246. To report annually to Education Department, 246. Duties of, 246. Penalty for neglect to perform, 246, 251. To institute proceedings against persons violating The Truancy Act, 248. To warn offenders before lodging complaint against, 248. Need not institute proceedings when school accommodation in- sufficient, 248. Service of notices by, 250. TRUSTEES In office at passing of The Public Schools Act, i8gi, to continue in office, 18. Office of, how vacated, 34, 227. By absence from board meetings for three months, 34, 227, 301. By conviction for crime, 34, 227, 301. " insanity, 34, 227, 301. " interest in contract with corporation, 34, 227, 300. Exception in case of secretary-treasurer, 227. Contract need not be binding on board, 228. IxnKX. (xtj TRUSTEES (Continued) What interest will cause dis(iiialification, 228, 229. *' " " not disqualify, 228, 229, 230. Immaterial that name of trustee in or not in contract, 22H Time to which disqualification relates, 228. Proof of agency alone will not disqualify, 229. Trustee cannot be party to contract for l)uildin^; sctjooi house, 230. Seat of trustee having interest in contract must he declared vacant by formal resolution, 229. Qua warranto proceedings to declare scat of trustee- having interest in contract vacant, 2 2(j. By refusal to act, 34. Penalty for, 34, 231. Who may convey land to, 50, 97. Land conveyed to, exempt from taxation, 51, 281. Qualification as to exemption of High School proix:riy. 282 Land conveyed to, not seizable under execution, 51. Reservation or dedication of land for school pur|H)ses vol* property in, 51. Certain lands to continue vested in, 51, 240. Should sue in case of trespass on schoolhouse, 53. When teacher may sue, 153. Cannot enforce payment of voluntary subscription for expenses of a school, 62, Entitled to surplus arising from collection of school moneys. 168. When not liable for acting under by-law, 176. Must contract under corporate seal with teacher, 1S7, 1S8. Can demand suspension of certificate of teacher refusing to carry out agreement, 189. Inspector to notify trustees of teacher's suspension. 194. Have an inherent right to dismiss teacher, 1S9. And teacher not regarded as master and servant under Act respecting, 188. Differences between trustees and teacher in regard to salary to Im settled in Division Court, 191. How salary recovered under judgment against, 191. Action by teacher against, to be brought within three months. i8.^ 191. 6o8 Index. TRUSTEES (Continued) Can only be charged in their corporate capacity under agreement with teacher, i88. May increase period for which teacher is entitled to salary during sickness, 62, 191. Acting as such cannot be appointed as inspectors, 200. Must see that only authorized text-books used, 58, 149, 220. Text-books may be changed with approval of trustees and inspector, 220. Proviso as to time of change, 220. Not to be inspectors, masters, or teachers, 226. Not to act as agents for sale of school books, maps, etc., 238. Liability of disqualified person for acting as trustee, 226. " " for neglecting to perform duties of office, 231. Recovery of penalty, 231. What is not a neglect to perform duties, 231. Liability of, for neglecting or refusing to exercise corporate powers, 231. Neglect or refusal must be wilful to make trustee personally liable, 232. Liability of, for neglecting to take security from secretary- treasurer, 39, 233. Responsibility of, in case of lost or embezzled school moneys, 233. Not authorized to receive school moneys, cannot embezzle same, 41, 233. Liability of, for refusing or neglecting to account for school papers and moneys, 42, 45, 46, 234. Proceedings to recover school papers or moneys from, 42, 45, 46, 234, 235. Other proceedings against not affected, 235. Liability of, for signing false reports, 65, 237. Recovery and application of penalty, 65, 237, 238. Personal liability of, for moneys lost through neglect of duty, 238. May appoint truant officers, 245, 246. " make regulations respecting truant officers, 246. To give notice of appointment of truant officers to Education Dei)artment, 246. To report cases of truancy to truant officer, 249. " " '■ expulsion to truant officer, 249. INDKX. 60Q TRUSTEES (Continued) When reports to be made, 249. Penalty for neglecting to report, 249, 251. In Rural School sections. To be a corporation, 18. Number of, 26. Term of office of, 18, 26. " " " trustee elected to fill vacancy, 34. " *' " in new school sections, 36, 37. Qualification of, 27. Persons disqualified from acting as, 26. Election of, 30-33. Modes of, 30. Qualification of electors, 27. Poll to be granted on application of two ratepayers, 30 Time of closing poll, 32. Duties of chairman on closing poll, 32. " secretary " 32. Chairman to declare trustee elected, 32. Effect of chairman's declaration, 23- When trustees estopped from questioning validity of, 33 Secretary to notify trustees elected, 33. What constitutes acceptance of otifice by, ^^. Complaints as to, to be made to inspector, 37, 38, 207. Inspector may investigate complaints, 38. Discretionary powers of inspector, 38. Power of inspector to confirm or set aside election, 38. Time for making complaint as to, 38, 39. Can appoint time and place for new election, 38. Resignation of, when allowed, 34. Re-election of, 34. Exemption from serving, 34. Existence of school corporation not to cease by want of. 34 When no election of, township council may appoint, 35 Term of office of, appointed by township council, 35. Proceedings to be taken in case of want of, 35. Notice of all meetings to be given by, 43. Penalty for not giving notice, 44, 230. 39 6io Index. TRUSTEES (Continued) Acts of, must be adopted at a legal meeting, 44. What is a legal meeting, 44. Minute of act to be made in writing and signed by two of the trustees, 44. To appoint auditors, 45. To lay accounts, etc., before auditors, 45. Penalty for refusal to do so, 45, 236. Cannot be deprived of authority by auditors, 46. Remedy in case of collusion between auditors and, 47. Are sole judges as to expediency of expenditure, 48. Duties of, 49-65. To have custody and disposal of school property, 49. To obtain deed or other instrument of title to property and register, 50. Non-registration does not affect right to collect money for school purposes, 50. To keep schoolhouse and buildings in repair, 52. Should authorize some person to see that schoolhouse kept in repair, 53. Duties as to sanitary condition of school premises, 52. To build or rent schoolhouse if necessary, 52. To insure schoolhouse if required, 52. May permit use of schoolhouse for other purposes, 52. May be restrained from so doing, 52. Must contract under seal for erection of schoolhouse, 53. Alteration in boundaries of section does not release trustees from liability for erection of school- house, 53. To provide adequate accommodation, 53. " qualified teachers, 53. To decide what accommodation to be provided, 55. May be required to provide accommodation by inspector, 55- School fund may be withheld when proper accommoda- tion not provided, 55. When to admit children of resident ratepayers, 56. To visit schools, 57. To see that schools properly conducted, 57. Indkx. 5„ TRUSTEES (Continued) Must not interfere with teachers, 57. To dismiss refractory pupils, 57. To remove refractory pupils to Industrial School. ;- May readmit pupils, 57. Not liable to an action for dismissal of pupil by teacher. 58. Court will not interfere with discretion of trustees in di'smiw. ing, 58- To notify parent of investigation into miscondiici of his child 58. To exempt indigent persons from school rates, 59. To notify clerk of municipality of exemption, 59. To provide text-books for children of indigent persons, 59. To see that authorized text-books are used, 58, " " school properly equipped, 58. " decide expenses of school equipment, 59. To apply to township council for school moneys, 60. Application to be made to township clerk, 60. " " " in due form, 60. Proper estimates to be submitted, 60, 61. To provide for payment of teachers' salaries, 62. May borrow on their promissory note to pay same, 62. Note not to bear more than eight per cent, interest, 62. Note must be under corporate seal, 62. Cannot impose rate for salary of unqualified teacher, 02. May be compelled by mandamus to raise money to pay, 62. To appoint place of annual meeting, 63. " call special meetings, 63. For filling vacancies in board, 63. " selection of school site, 63. 86. " appointment of school auditor, 63. " any lawful school purpose, 63. To post notices of time, place, and object of nieetings, 63. Liable to fine for not giving proper notice, 63, 230. Names and addresses of teachers and trustees to be sentjio township clerk, 63. To transmit annual and semi-annual returns to inspector, 6^ When, 64. 6i2 Index. TRUSTEES (Continued) Penalty for not sending annual returns, 64, 237. " " " semi-annual returns, 64, 236. Result of not sending semi-annual returns, 64, 236. Penalty for signing false report, 65, 237. Recovery and application of penalty, 65, 237, 238. To present annual report at annual meeting of ratepayers, 64. What report to contain, 64. Report to be signed by school auditors and, 64. Cannot select or change school site without concurrence of ratepayers, 86. To call special meeting to consider selection or change of site, 86. Can call subsequent meeting to consider change of site selected, 86, 87. Should state reason of meeting in notice calling meeting, 86. Can demand arbitration where owner refuses to sell, 92. Cannot select school site within certain limits, 93, 96. Can enlarge school site without concurrence of ratepayers, 86, 93, 96. When trustees can enlarge school site, 93, 97. May take land selected for site on tender to owner of sum fixed as damages, 94. To retain sufficient amount therefrom to satisfy encumbrances, 95. 99- Responsibility of trustees as to encumbrances, 95, 99. Title of, to land selected for school site, 96. To register award, 96. Who may convey land to, 50, 97. Proceedings by trustees where owner of land selected for a school site absent, 98, 199. Responsibility of trustees as to compensation, 99. Payment of compensation money into Court by trustees, 100. Title of, to land of absent owner, 100. To register award, 100. To call meeting of ratepayers to consider union of section of same township, loi. Index. 613 TRUSTEES (Continued) May appeal to county council against hy law altering school boundaries, 105. When appeal to be made, 105. Time for making appeal, 105, 106. May apply to township council for issue of debentures, xtty For purchase of a school site, 163. " erection of a schoolhouse, 163. " purchase or erection of a teacher's residence, 163. Must call special meeting to sanction application, 163. Right of ratepayers to object to application, 164. May apply to township council to raise school moneys by yearly rate, 169. For purchase of a school site, 169. " erection of a schoolhouse, 169. Sanction of ratepayers not necessary, i^ig. May borrow surplus moneys from Ontario Municipalities Fund, 169. For purchase of a school site, 170. " erection of a schoolhouse, 1 70. Consent of ratepayers necessary, 169. In Sections in Unorganized Townships. Election of, 66. Powers and obligations of, 67. To appoint an assessor, 68. To appoint school collector, 72. " pay him a commission, 72. " take security from him, 72. Nature and form of security, 72. May give warrant to collector to collect taxes imposed by them, 74. But only within the limits of the section for which they arc appointed, 75. Can sue for school rates as a corporation, 74- In Union School Sections. Election of, 113, 114. i^?. "S. Application by, for loan and issue of debentures, 1O5. To what municipality to be made, 165. Township Board of (See Township Boards). 6i4 Index. TRUSTEES (Continued) In Cities, Towns, and Incorporated Villages. To be a corporation, 123. Style of, 124. Powers of, 124. Number of trustees in cities, etc., divided into wards, 125. Term of office of, 18, 125, 126. Number of trustees in City of Toronto, 125, 126. Term of office, 126. Number of, in villages, not divided into wards, 127. Term of office of, 127. Election of, Provisions for, 125, 127-140. First election of, 124. Qualification of trustees, 124. Nominations, 127. When and where meeting for, to be held, 128. What is a proper meeting, 128. What is a nomination, 128. Must be made at place fixed, 128. Returning officer, when and how appointed, 128. Duties of, 128, 129. Appointment to be by resolution, 128, 129. Notice of meeting for nomination to be given by trustees, 129. Length of notice, 129. Proceedings at nomination, 129, 130. When an election commenced, 130. Hours of polling, 130. Demanding a poll, 130, 131. Electors entitled to free access to polling place, 131. When voters' list to be furnished to trustees, 131. What voters' list to contain, 131. Certified copy of list and polling book to be provided for each polling place, 132. Entries by returning officer in poll book, 132. Duties of returning officer after close of election, 132. Duties of secretary-treasurer after close of election, 132. Casting vote at, 133. Index. 615 TRUSTEES (Continued) Election of, by ballot, 133 140. May be held on same day as municipal elections, 133. Use of ballot may be discontinued by trustees, 133, 134 How, 133. Change binding for three years, 134. Mode of conducting, 134, 138. When election to take place, 135. Place for holding election to be fixed by by-law, 135. 136. Election void if not held there, 135. Must be held in proper municipality, 135. Who is to be returning officer, 135. Provision for death or absence of, 135, 136. Duties of, at nomination meeting, 136, 137. " when election commenced, 137. Meeting to receive nominations, when held, 135. Notice of meeting to be given by returning officer, 136. Length of notice, 136. Poll need not be demanded, 137. Ballot boxes, 137. Mode of voting, 137. Corrupt practices at, 138. Form of ballot papers, 138. Separate School supporters not to vote, 138. Oath to be administered when voter objected to, 139. Form of oath, 139. By whom administered, 140. False swearing by voter not perjury, 139. Refusal of voter to take oath may be a ground for setting aside election, 140. Who may object to voter, 140. Qualification of voter, 139. Full age, what it is, 140. County Judge to investigate complaints resiJccting. 141 Proceedings at investigations, 141, 142. Vacancy in office of, how filled, 140, 141. First meeting of board of, 142. When to be held, 142. 6i6 Indiix. TRUSTEES (Continued) Change in hours of meeting, how made, 143. Who to preside at, 143. Election of chairman at, 143. Casting vote at, 143 Presiding ofificer of board of, 144. What constitutes a quorum, 144. Majority of quorum necessary to bind, 144. Acts of, done without a legal quorum, void, 144. Presumption as to quorum, 144. Duties and powers of, 145-158. To appoint secretary-treasurer and collector, 145. " " such other ofificers as are necessary, 145. " fix meetings of board, 145. " keep account of proceedings of board, 145. " provide adequate accommodation, 145. " " school premises and apparatus, 146. " build, repair, and furnish schoolhouse, etc., 146. Liability of, for purchase of school site, 146. Duties of, as to sanitary condition of premises, 146. Health of children not under purview of, 146. " " under purview of teacher, 146, 185. Duties of trustees as to vaccination, 147, 157, 186. To determine number and grade of schools, 148. Have unlimited discretion as to number of schools, 148. To dismiss refractory pupils, 148. To notify parent of investigation into misconduct of his child, 58. To remove refractory pupils to Industrial School, 149, To collect fees from parents for books, 148. Free text-books in Toronto, 149. To appoint committee for each school, 149. To constitute Model Schools for teachers, 149. To submit estimate to council for school expenditure, 150. When, 150. What estimate to contain, 150. When council has and has not option to raise money for school rates, 150. Indf-X. <,i- TRUSTEES (Continued) To submit accounts to auditors, 151. Who are to be auditors, 151. Liability of corporation for negligence of auditory 151 Effect of negligence of auditors on treasurer's surety, 151. To publish auditor's report, 151. When, 151. How to be made, 152. To transmit annual report to Minister of Education, 151. When, 151. To have custody and disposal of school property, 152. May convey school property under corporate seal, 152. May take and acquire land for school sites, 152. Duties of, under T/ie Free Libraries Act, 153. " " The High Schools Act, \ii. " *' The Industrial Schools Act, x^G, \y,. Powers of, apprenticing minors, 155, 156. " under The Municipal Act, 157, 158. May borrow money from municipal corporation, 157. Application by, to municipal council for issue of debentures 166. On refusal of council to grant loan, question of to be sub- mitted to vote of electors, 166, 167. Appointment of inspectors by, 209. Dismissal of inspectors by, 209. When more than one inspector may be appointed by, 209. Of High Schools, To be a corporation, 256. Style of, 256. Powers of, 256. Term of office of, 257. Number of, 264. Appointment of, by county and other municipal councils, .".5 Appointment must be by by-law, 2^)5. Term of office of, 265, 266. Member of county council cannot be, 265. Appointment of, by city and town council, 266. Term of office of, to be fixed by by-law, 266. 6i8 Index. TRUSTEES (Continued) Appointment of, in cities, by county council, in certain cases, 266. Appointment of, by Separate School Board, in cities, 266, 267. Term of office of, 267. Appointment of, by Public School trustees, 267. Term of office of, 267. No appointment to be made when Public School Board united with High School Board, 267. Qualification of, 267. Vacancies from annual retirement of, how filled, 267. First meeting of board of, 268. When held, 268. Quorum at, 26S. Change of hour of, how made, 268. Secretary to preside at until election of chairman, 268. First duty of, to elect chairman, 269, Casting vote at election of chairman, 269. Chairman of, to vote on all questions, 269. Duties and powers of, 269-274. To fix meetings of board, 269. To take charge of High School and buildings and grounds, 270. To settle amount of, and collect fees for tuition, 270. To give orders on treasurer for salaries and expenses, 270. . ^ To apply to municipal council for sums for maintenance, 270. Estimate need not show how sum required is made up, 271. What is a sufficient application, 271. Collection of sum required in case of united counties, 271. To take security from treasurer, 271, 291. To expel pupils in certain cases, 271. Greater power as to expulsion conferred on High School trustees than on Public School trustees, 272. No power to send refractory pupils to Industrial School, 272. iNl.HX. 6,g TRUSTEES (Continued) May suspend pupil refusing lo prcduce certificate ui vaccination, 272. To appoint and remove teachers and other ofticers. 2:1 To provide adequate accommodation for pupils, 27 ^ To certify fees received to county treasurer, 274. When, 274. To see that school is properly conducted, 274. To report to Minister of Education, 274. When, 274. Enlargement of school site by, 275. Cannot enlarge without consent of owner in certain cases, 275. Arbitration in case of disagreement as to enlargement between owner and, 275. Arbitration on disagreement as to selection of school site between owner and, 275. Trustees and owner to appoint arbitrators, 275. Senior County Judge to act as third arbitrator, 275, Duty of arbitrators, 275. Proceedings when owner refuses to appoint, 276. Senior County Judge has casting vote, 276. Powers of arbitrators, 276. Arbitrators to notify claimants, 276. Land may be taken by trustees on tender of damages to owner, 276. Award to constitute title, 277. " " be registered, 277. Costs of arbitration, 277. Proceedings by, when owner of land selected for a school site absent, 278, 279. Responsibility of trustees as to compensation, 280. Payment of compensation into Court, 280. Title of, to land of absent owner, 281. Who may convey lands to, 278. High School property vested in, 281. May dispose of school property when not needed, 281. Duties of, in case of dispute as to maintenance of county pupils, 284. 620 Index. TRUSTEES (Continued) Application for sums for permanent improvements to county council, 287. When application to be made, 287. Must be corporate act of board, 289. Must be an independent application, 288. Difference between, and teacher, to be settled in Division Court, 298. How judgment against, enforced, 298. Departmental Regulations for guidance of, 415-418. u UNION SCHOOL SECTIONS Existing union sections legalized, 109, no. What unions may be formed, no. Procedure for formation, alteration, or dissolution of, 110-114. Petition from five ratepayers to municipal councils asking for, r no. Appointment of arbitrators by each council, no. Arbitrator must not be member of council, no. Notice of appointment to be sent by clerks to inspectors, no. Inspectors to be ex officio arbitrators, no. When County Judge to act as arbitrator, ni. First meeting of arbitrators, how, when, and by whom called, in. Duties of arbitrators, ni-n3. What award to set forth if formation of new union section determined on, in. If dissolution of existing union section determined on, 1 1 2. If alteration of existing union section determined on, 112. Arbitrators to determine proportion of which part of new sec- tion in each municipality to pay for school expenses, 112,113. Arbitrators to adjust all rights and claims consequent on formation, etc., of, 113. Award of arbitrators to be filed with municipal clerks, 114. " " binding for five years, 114. But boundaries of, may be enlarged, 114. When union, alteration, or dissolution of, to go into opera- tion, n4. Index. 621 UNION SCHOOL SECTIONS (Continued) Appeal to county council a;jjainst award for formation, etc., of, wiihin a county, 115. Or, against refusal or neglect of township councils to appoint arbitrators, 1 15. Or, against award to settle formation, «-tc., of, within a county, 115. Who may appeal, 115. Time for appealing, 115. Appointmentof arbitrators bycountycoundl i<> hrnrap{)cal, 115. Who may not be arbitrators, 1 15. Powers and duties of arbitrators, 1 15. County clerk to call first meeting of arbitrators, 1 1 5. Appeal to Minister of Education against award for formation, etc., of, within two or more counties, 115, 116. Or, against refusal or neglect of township councils to ap{X}int arbitrators, 116. Powers of Minister, 116. May appoint arbitrators, 116. Duties of arbitrators, 116. Minister to call first meeting of arbitrators, 116. Collection and payment of school rates in, 1 16. How paid to trustees, 116. Formation of union sections by division of a township by legis- lation, 117. Formation of union sections by incorporation of a portion of one or more school sections as a village or town, 117. 118. Not formed by annexation of part of a township to a city or town by proclamation, 118. Elections of trustees in, 35, 113. iM, "7. I'S. Inspection of, 117. Equalization of assessments in, 120. Assessors of municipalities to meet and determine proportion of annual requisition to be levied by each munici,ulity. i JO. 121. When, 120. By whom meeting of assessors to l>e called. i2J. Notice of assessors' decision to be given to sccrctar)--trc.isurer of union school section concerned, 120. 6-22 Index. UNION SCHOOL SECTIONS (Continued) Arbitration where assessors disagree, 120. " when school section Hes in two counties, 121. Award of arbitrators to be binding for three years, 120, 121. Reconsideration of award, 121. Procedure for, 121. Time for, 121. Application to municipal council for loan by trustees of, 165. To be made to council of municipality in which schoolhouse lies, 165. What municipality to pass by-law for raising loan, 165. Contribution by other municipalities in, for payment of loan, 165. (See By-Laivs ; School Boundaries.) UNITED COUNTIES Collection of sum required for maintenance of High Schools in case of, 2 7 1 . UNIVERSITY EQUIVALENTS Regulations respecting, 378, 379. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO City, town, and county councils may provide for attendance of High School pupils at, 290. May endow fellowships in, for competition among High School pupils, 291. UNORGANIZED TOWNSHIPS School sections in, formation of, 65. Limits of section, 66. May be altered, 66. When alteration to go into effect, 66. Position of schoolhouse in, 66. Persons exempt from school rates, 66. Election of trustees in, 66. Powers and obligations of trustees, 67. To be divided into groups by district inspector, 67. Inspector to notify secretary-treasurers in writing of group to which they belong, 68. Indkx. 6ii UNORGANIZED TOWNSliU'S (Coniiuued) Trustees to annually appoint person to make out asMttmcni roll, 68. Secretary-treasurer to submit certified copy to Court «•( Revision, 68. Duties of assessor, 68. Appeals against assessments in, 69. Assessment roils to he open to inspection, 69. Notice of place of inspection to be given by secretary- treasurer, 6g. Notice of sitting of Court of Revision to be given by secretary-treasurer, 69. When Court to sit, 69. How appeals to be made, 69-71. Confirmed roll to be binding, 71. Trustees to appoint school colh.-ctor for, 72. Who may be school collector, 72. Collector's remuneration or commission, 72, 73. Collector to give security, 72. Nature and form of security, 72. Collector to make declaration of office, 72. Effect of not making declaration, 75. Powers and liabilities of collector, 73-76. Court of Revision in, constitution of, 67. Powers of, 67. When inspector to act as, 68. Appeals again.st assessment roll in, 71. Formation of union sections between organized and. 71. UPPER CANADA COLLEGE City, town, and county councils may provide for attendance oi High School pupils at, 290. May endow fellowships in, for competition amony High School pupils, 291. V VACANCIES In office of trustee, how filled, 140, 14 '• Term of office of trustees elected to fill, 34. >4'- Arising from annual retirement of High School trustees, how filled, 267. 624 Index. VACANCIES (Continued) Arising from death, resignation, or removal of High School trustees, how filled, 267. VACCINATION Duties of Public School trustees as to, 147, 157, 187. High School trustees may require pupils to produce certificates of, 272. Suspension of pupil for refusing to produce, 272, 295. VILLAGE COUNCILS To levy by assessment sums required for school purposes, 160. Necessity of sums required may be submitted to vote of electors, 160. May be required by trustees to raise money at any time, 160. VISITORS Who are school, 57, 149, 183, 203, 224. Authority of, to visit Public Schools, 225. Powers of, in Public Schools, 225. VISITORS' BOOK To be kept by teachers, 183. Teachers to give access to, 183. " " deliver up when required, 183. Penalty for refusing to deliver up, 183, 193, 238. VOLUNTARY SUBSCRIPTION For expense of school, illegal, 62. VOTE (See Electio7is : Casting Vote.) VOTER (See Elections.) VOTERS' LIST (See Elections ; Trustees.) VOTING (See Elections.) W WARDEN Of county may fill vacancy in office of inspector, 202. To give notice of such appointment to Minister of Education, 202. Inukx. 625 WITNESSES Examination of, by insi)cctor, invcsti^'aling cpmplainis as lo election or school proceedings of rural trustees. 38. May be summoned and examined under oath by audittim of Rural School corporation, 48. Inspectors may in certain cases swear, 211. Compelling attendance of, on special in(|uiries, 221, 222. Service of subpoena on, 222. Payment of conduct money to, 222. Punishment of, for not attending, 222. WORDS Where meaning of, to be found, 1 3. Object of Legislature to be obtained from, 13. Natural meaning to be taken, ,13. Legal interpretation of, to be taken, 13. How construed when intention of Legislature collected from Act, 1 3. Construction of, must not alter previous policy of law, 14. / AA 000 712 076 9