Hcc ...; BANCROFT LIBRARY ' -.-> OOTE, M, D., ilphiu. IM. SENATORIAL EXCURSION PARTY UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, E. D. SIPIE E OKIES OF SENATORS YATES, CATTELL, CHANDLER, HOWE AND TRUMBULL; Ho.v. J. A. J. CRESWELL, HON. JOHN COV'ODE. M.C.. AND Hox. WM. M. McPHERSON. ox THE PACIFIC RAIL ROAD QUESTION. DELIVERED AT THE BANQUET GIVEN TO THEM BY THE CITY COUNCIL AND MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, AT THE SOUTHERN HOTEL, ST. LOUIS. JUNK 14, 1867. HELL) AT FORT BARKER. KA\., JUNE 7 and 8, 1HG7. BCHKS OK SRNATOKS CAMEROX AND HEXDKRSOX. KEPRKSKNTATIVES OUTH, XIBLACK, STKVENS, LAFLIX, HUBBARD, NICHOLSON, KITCHEN, MA.I.-GEN. HANCOCK, AND Hox. P>. H. BREWSTKR, ATT'V-GKN'L OF PENNSYLVANIA. Proceedings of Meeting of Citizens of New Mexico, held at Santa Fe, September 21, 1867, and Address of Gen. Wm. J. Palmer. UKl'OKT OF PRESIDENT OF UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, E.D. MADE TO SflCRKTARV OF THK INTERIOR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 80, is<>7. OF E .A. It IT I 3ST G- S , Sc C . ST. LOTJIS: . LEVISON, PRINTER, Nos. 5, 7 & 9 OLIVE STREET. SENATORIAL EXCURSION PARTY UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, E. D OIF 1 SENATORS YATES, CATTELL, CHANDLER, HOWE AND TRUMBULL; HON. J. A. J. CRESWELL, HON. JOHN COVODE, M.C., AND HON. WM. M. McPHERSON, ON THE PACIFIC RAIL ROAD QUESTION. DELIVERED AT THE BANQUET GIVEN TO THEM BY THE CITY COUNCIL AND MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, AT THE SOUTHERN HOTEL, ST. LOUIS, JUNE 14, 1867. HELD AT FORT HARKER, KAN., JUNE 7 and 8, 1867. SI-KKCHES OF SENATORS CAMERON AND HENDERSON, REPRESENTATIVES ORTH, NIBLACK, STEVENS, LAFLIN, HUBBARD, NICHOLSON, KITCHEN, MAJ.-GEN. HANCOCK, AND HON. B. H. BREWSTER, ATT'Y-GEN'L OF PENNSYLVANIA. Proceedings of Meeting of Citizens of New Mexico, held at Santa Fe, September 21, 1867, and Address of Gen. Wm. J. Palmer. REPORT OF PRESIDENT OF UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, E.D. MADE TO SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER SO, 1867. EXHIBIT OIF E A. IR, IsT I 2sT i ST. LOUIS: S. LEVISON, PRINTER, Nos. 5, 7 & 9 OLIVE STREET. 1867. UNIVERSITY SL^LJFORH\K (From tlio MISSOURI REPUBLICAN, Juno 15, 1867.) VICE-PRESIDENT WADE'S - SENATORIAL EXCURSION PARTY. A BRILLIANT RECEPTION GIVEN THEM GRAND BANQUET AT THE SOUTH ERN HOTEL SPEECHES BY HON. WM. M. M'PHERSON, SENATORS YATES, A. G. CATTELL, Z. CHANDLER, LYMAN TRUMBULL, T. O. HOWE, HON. J. A. J. CRESWELL, HON. JOHN COVODE, AND OTHERS. On Friday, our city was again -called upon to welcome and entertain a distinguished party of excursionists, and we think it may be said the pleasant duty was performed with that genuine courtesy and emphatic hospitality which ever characterize the receptions given by our city au thorities. Our readers are already apprised of the fact that some weeks ago, Senator WADE and a distinguished party of excursionists from the East left Omaha on a pleasure trip over the Union Pacific Railroad. Having explored the beauties of the country in this direction as far as possible, the party returned and went over the Union Pacific, Eastern Division, as far as Fort Hiley, Kansas. As the excursionists returned Eastward by way of St. Louis, our city authorities, in connection with the Directors of the St. Louis Exchange, took the necessary steps to give them a fitting reception. The following Committee of Arrangements was appointed by the Mayor and Mr. AMES, Vice President of the Exchange : On the part of the city Hon. A. KRIECKHAUS, Mr. ERASTUS WELLS, Mr. CHARLES A. MANTZ, On .the part of the Exchange Mr. THOMAS RICHESON, Mr. H. R. WHITMORE, Mr. C. B. LAMBORN, Mr. C. C. FURGESON. JAMES S. THOMAS, Mayor, was requested to act as Chairman of the Committee. The following gentlemen were requested to act as a Committee of Re ception, and to be at the Seventh Street depot at 7:30 A. M., to take the train going west to meet the excursionists at Meramec Station : Messrs. GEORGE R. TAYLOR, JOHN D. PERRY, ISAAC H. STURGEON, THOMAS ALLEN, H. C. MOORE, JAMES HILL, S. K. KNIGHT, F. M. COL- BURN, EDGAR AMES, ADOLPHUS MEIER, E. W. Fox, H. T. BLOW, JAS. B. EADS, BARTON ABLE, JOHN How, C. S. GREELEY, Judge SAMUEL TREAT and Gr. B. ALLEN. The train bearing the excursion party arrived about 10:30 A. M., and a considerable number of the above named gentlemen were in attendance. Carriages were in waiting, and the party were transported to the Southern Hotel, where all suitable arrangements for their entertainment and accom modation had been elaborately carried out. The following are the names of the excursionists, as registered at the Southern : Hon. BEN. F. WADE and wife, U. H. PAINTER, Phil Inq. and wife, LYMAN TRUMBULL and wife, Gren'l H. V. N. BOYNTON, Cm. Gaz. y Z. CHANDLER and wife, W. S. SMITH, Gin. Times, " A. Gr. CATTELL and wife, ED. SEYMOUR, JV. Y.' Times, and wife, J. A. J. CRESWELL and wife, THOMAS WHITNEY, Chic. Repvib., RICHARD YATES, A. J. CATTELL, JR., T. 0. HOWE, Miss M. CHANDLER, JOHN COVODE, Miss M. WADE, D. C. CADWELL and wife, Miss A. STAGER, GrEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN, MRS. L. Gr. CALHOUN, N. Y. Trib., H. E. PARSONS and wife, Mrs. HICKOX, of Cleveland. Gren'l A. STAGER, Supt. W. U. Tel., During the afternoon, the party, accompanied by the Mayor and other well known citizens, rode out to visit the extensive and beautiful gardens belonging to HENRY SHAW, Esq. The day, although somewhat warm, was charming, and a soft cooling breeze prevented sultriness in the atmos phere. Never perhaps did Tower Grove appear to better advantage, and the visitors expressed the warmest admiration of the exquisite grounds. The courteous proprietor was present and gave a warm welcome to the parly. Elegant refreshments were provided, and in every respect the visit was a most pleasant and memorable occasion, and every member of the party appeared to participate in the general enjoyment. In fact, so pleasant were the surroundings that a longer delay took place than antici pated, and it was near seven o'clock before the carriages returned to the Southern. THE BANQUET. The banquet prepared for the excursionists was appropriate to the occa sion, and worthy of the splendid hotel where it was given. About seven o'clock, the carriages arrived from Tower Grrove, and shortly afterwards there was a general adjournment on the part of the invited guests to the spacious parlors up stairs. Here, between seven and eight o'clock, the whole party of excursionists and tire other guests gathered, and the rooms, the broad lobby at the head of the stairway, asumed quite an animated appearance. Half an hour or so was consumed at this stage of the pro ceedings in pleasant intercourse, introductions, etc., and the hum of voices indicated that the occasion was one of unusual social interest. At about eight o'clock the broad doors of the magnificent dining hall were thrown open, and the large party filed into the lofty room, brilliant with the glow of numerous lights and the glitter of costly wares and adorn ments. The ladies, of course, went first, escorted by gentlemen, and were conducted to seats at the different tables. On entering the spacious hall the scene was one of great brilliancy and attractiveness. Three long tables, tastefully decorated with flowers, silver and porcelain, standards bearing rich-hued fruits, and the sparkle and glitter of glasses and elegant silver wares, formed, of course, the main feature of the attraction. But, as the room filled with the brilliant company, the animation and beauty of the scene was much increased. A peculiar feature in this splendid hall is the effect produced on such an occasion as last night by the glowing multipli cation of the lights, the sparkling tables and the moving figures in the 6 magnificent mirrors which adorn the sides and southern end of the room. Besides the distinguished excursionists, whose names are given above, we observed a number of our prominent citizens who were seated at the banquet tables, among whom were His Honor, Mayor THOMAS, and the members of the Board of Aldermen, including Messrs. WELLS, BOSBY- SHELL, BABCOCK, PARKER, SCHOENBECK, KRIECKHAUS, MANTZ, HOGAN. POWERS, ETTLING and LANCASTER; CHARLES L. TUCKER, President of the Merchants' Exchange ; E. 0. STANARD, WM. M. MCPHERSON, CAR LOS S. GREELEY, ADOLPHUS MEIER, BARTON ABLE, J. C. BARLOW, THOMAS RICHESON, Hon. JOHN M. KRUM, Hon. H. T. BLOW, General HARNEY, Gen'l E. B. BROWN, G-en'l PILE and Gen'l FISK. Some time was passed in the more substantial duties of the hour, and there was little to be heard but the music of prandial instruments, and the murmuring sound of the desultory conversation incident to a tempting- banquet. It was the general impression during the early part of the evening that when the banquet was concluded, Senator WADE, and others of the dis tinguished gentlemen connected with the excursion party, would deliver speeches appropriate to the occasion on the balcony, in front of the hotel, and during the progress of the entertainment, quite a crowd collected on the street. This part of the programme, however, was not carried out, principally, we presume, owing to the unfavorable character of the evening, which was gloomy and threatening rain. A little after nine o'clock, the practical part of the festivities being terminated, the Hon. WM. M. McPnERSON, rose and said : SPEECH OF HON. WM. M. M'PHERSON. SENATORS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : The duty has, upon short notice, been imposed upon my be his Honor, the Mayor, and the President of the Union Merchants' Exchange, to welcome these, our distinguished guests, to the hospitalities provided by the City and the Merchants' Exchange for this occasion. We consider it a privilege to entertain guests so distin guished, and many of them so prominent in the councils of the nation. We are glad you have come among us, where you can see and judge for yourselves of the character and progress of the Great West, and to con template its mighty future. We are glad to see you here, in this central city of the Mississippi Valley, a city that is now, and must ever remain, the commercial centre of this valley, unless we lose it from want of enter prise among our people. In making this claim for St. Louis, I seek no contest or controversy with our sister city of the lakes (Chicago); that city has shown an energy of which her people may well be proud ; her enterprise deserves success, and I have no jealousy of her prosperity her vocation need not conflict with ours. She stands at the head of that vast chain of inland seas that forms such a remarkable feature in the commerce of our country, and with her net-work of railroads, Chicago must continue to prosper so long as Anglo-Saxon enterprise continues to exist Saint Louis has a destiny of her own. Standing in the midst of this great valley, on the banks of this mighty river, on which, with its tributaries, our steamboats can find over thirteen thousand miles to navigate with cargoes of produce and merchandise, with this vast western country stretching beyond us, I have no doubt about the prosperity of our city, and no jealousy of the success of others. If we do nor prosper in the future, it will be our fault. We have now a great city, and are glad to welcome you, our guests, to it. It is unnecessary at this late hour to speak of the history of St. Louis. Although old as an Indian trading post, it is comparatively young as a commercial city. When I came here twenty-six years ago, there were but 17,000 inhabitants; to-day there are 225,000. I speak of this as a feature in the progress we are making. Twenty-six years ago, Kansas and Ne braska belonged to the Indians, and Missouri had but a population of 385,000; to-day there are two States west of us, with Colorado knocking for admission, and we have a population of a million and a half. (Al- plause.) Thus it is that the progress of the West is exemplified, and we are gratified when those of the older States come among us and see for themselves the progress we are making, and see the enterprise of our people, devoted as it is to the development of a country that still offers the best inducements for additional enterprise. The West may truly be called a country of progress, but one of the most striking proofs of that progress is in the construction of our railroads. I will be justified in alluding to this subject, because our honored guests here to-night compose a railroad party. A few years ago, our newspapers treated a letter from Fort Kiley as news from the "Far off Flaws!" At that time it was news; then, by the fastest modes of travel, it was a journey of eight or nine days, while the excursion party that left there yesterday morning, stopping on the way at Topeka, Lawrence and Wyandotte, arrived here this morning at half-past ton o'clock, making the trip (including all delays) in twenty-seven hours. 8 Express trains will soon make it in twenty hours. This gives some idea of what we are accomplishing. Three years ago, a spade had not been struck in the ground for the construction of a railroad in Nebraska; now they have three hundred and ninety miles of road constructed towards the mountains, and the work is progressing at the rate of two and three miles per day, a progress that is without a parallel in the annals of railroad building. On the Eastern Division, or Kansas Branch, we are making good progress; our road is completed 220 miles west of the Missouri River, and we might be well satisfied if our Omaha friends did not keep ahead; and I assure you we are getting restless under the idea that anybody else is building roads faster than we are. We expect within the present year to reach Pond Creek; we have made our .arrangements for the funds, have purchased the iron, and unless the men get frightened away by the Indians, we shall be able, before the next regular session of Congress, to transport freight and passengers to Pond Creek, 390 miles west of Kansas City, and six hundred and seventy-five miles west of St. Louis. (Applause.) This is progress that would have startled the old fogies of a few years ago. Then, to talk about building roads in the new States, with a sparse population, was considered bold if not chimerical, arid the man who would then have talked of a railroad through the Prairies beyond the States, open ing up the way for emigration, would have been called crazy. But this en terprise is demonstrating practical facts. We are stretching out our road over the prairies, among the buffalo and the antelope, and the population is fast following. Towns spring up as if by magic, and the frontier land offices are crowded with emigrants, selecting land for settlement. Another practical fact is demonstrated in the great saving in cost to the Government in the transportation of supplies across the plains ; the difference in cost to the Government between this road and the use of teams will more than pay the interest on all the bonds loaned by the Government to the road, to say nothing of the advantage of transporting supplies as far in one day as teams could carry them in two weeks. The earnings of the road have exceeded the most sanguine hopes of its managers. Last month, they amounted to $172,000. $51,000 of this amount was for the Government; one half of the Government business being credited to the account of the bonds issued by the Government to this Company, pays the month's interest, and leaves a surplus, which, at the same monthly rates, would pay off all the bonds to be loaned by the Government to this road in about twenty years. Another practical fact is fast being established by the construction of this road. Fort Rlley is no longer of any use as a military post, and in forty days from this date, Fort Harker will be equally useless, as in that 9 time the road ought to be extended fifty miles beyond. With the exten sion of the road to Pond Creek, any military man would tell you that at least one regiment of troops could be dispensed with in protecting the commerce and travel of the plains. And here is another great saving to the Government. It has been ascertained that it cost one million dollars a year to keep an infantry regiment of a thousand men at Washington City. Now, if you allow fifty per cent advance for the cost of a regiment of cavalry on the plains, then the saving of the cost of one regiment would be equal to the interest on twenty-five million dollars of Government bonds, and if the extension of this road, through to the Pacific, saves to the Government the expense of only two regiments, that saving will be equal to three millions of dollars per annum, or the interest on fifty mil lion dollars of Government bonds ! Another reason for the building of this road is the development of the magnificent country along up the Kansas Valley. Our distinguished guests will bear me witness that the country they have just traveled over is equal in beauty and fertility to any on this continent; and I am told that this fertile country extends for at least three hundred miles west of Missouri. The rich valleys and uplands of Kansas must soon teem with an active and thrifty population that will give business sufficient to sup port the railroad to Pond Creek, if it never goes beyond. We shall reach Pond Creek by December, unless the Indians prevent us, and I have full faith that General Hancock, with Sherman to back him, will take care of them; we shall then be within 187 miles of Denver, and 383 miles of Santa Fe, both important points in our Western Territories, and both to become centres of great mining regions. Colorado is fast being developed by Eastern capital and enterprise; New Mexico is known to be rich in. minerals, and many of her mines were successfully worked fifty years ago; but the inert native population have abandoned the best mines because of Indian troubles; rich placers and paying leads are no longer worked, because the wild savage prefers the stillness of the forest to the sound of the pick and hammer. That country awaits the coming of the railroad, and with it, Anglo-Saxon enterprise to develope its mines and stock its rich grazing lands with herds and flocks, that the Indians dt'ire not drive away or destroy. It may not be out of place to say, that the true interests of the country require that this road should be extended not only to Denver City, devel oping on its way the extensive Pineries that stretch along the route some sixty or eighty miles, giving the much needed lumber for the fertile plains of Kansas, and developing all south-east Colorado, but the main road should go in, the direction of Santa Fc, Albuquerque and on to llie Ocean,, 10 by a route covered by a milder climate, less elevations, with more wood, water and agricultural land, than any yet discovered. On the route of the thirty-fifth parallel, the highest elevation does not reach seven thou sand feet, through a pass so broad that it resembles a valley, and where snows can never obstruct a train. There are broad commercial reasons why this road should be so ex tended. It opens up to our people the trade of New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California, to say nothing of the rich provinces of old Mexico along our borders. When I came here twenty-six years ago, St. Louis had a large trade with Chihuahua, within a few years thereafter, that trade was lost to us because a shorter land transit was found from about the mouth of the Rio Grande. With a road extended to Albuquerque, this trade, as well as that of some of the adjoining provinces, can again be secured to swell our commerce and increase the wealth of this enterprising nation. This country west of the great Mississippi has interests that cannot be comprehended without seeing it. This country has claims that ought not to be overlooked nor neglected. It is stated on good authority, that there are but 860,000 square miles of territory belonging to the United States east of the Mississippi river; that west of the Mississippi we have 2,070,000 square miles; that is, the section that controls the legislation and wealth of the country is only equal in extent to 40 per cent, of the territory west of the Mississippi. The building of these national roads across the continent must develope this vast territory; giving it popula tion, wealth and political power, and the time is not distant when the voice of this empire of the west will be heard, and its power felt by those who choose to disregard its claims upon the nation for development and protection. I confess that the subject of a railroad across the continent is one in which I feel great interest; had I known in time that I should be called upon to preside to-night, I would have prepared some statistics showing the advantages of the route crossing the mountains on the thirty-fifth parallel, but this I must pass by. A route from this city by way of the south-west branch to Springfield, and thence to Neosho, and up the Cana dian river, following out the thirty-fifth parallel, would make the route 120 miles shorter. But the Kansas road has the advantage of at least three years in construction, which will more than compensate for the addi tional distance, if we want the road; the road from Pond Creek can be extended to Albuquerque before a road by Springfield could be constructed to the first crossing of the Canadian. In commending a more southern route, I would not be understood as 11 having auy objection to what is known as the Omaha route, now making such onward strides toward the Pacific. Congress has made provision for the early construction of that road, and the men engaged in its buildin g seem to comprehend the magnitude and grandeur of the work. Indeed, the law for constructing a road and branches to the Pacific, was passed under circumstances that add to the grandeur and glory of the nation. It was passed in the midst of the nation's life-struggle, when one-third of the country had risen in rebellion. In the midst of a civil war that re quired the expenditure of millions each day, when our bankruptcy was predicted, and with that bankruptcy the nation's overthrow! I say it was at such a time that Congress seemed to comprehend the magnitude and importance of this scheme, and passed the law pledging the nation's faith to the extent of fifty million dollars to secure a road to the Pacific through the national domain, and providing for the defense of our possessions on that far-off shore against all foreign foes. This highway is not one-third completed, and yet the nation is being amply compensated not only in the return of interest on the bonds issued, but in the facilities for transport ing troops and supplies needed for the protection of our commerce and emigration on the plains. The developments already made in the construction of this road, show the necessity of additional roads, one north and another south of the cen tral route, not as rivals or competitors, but as necessary for the commerce of our country and the protection of our Mexican and British frontiers against invasion. The roads are needed to accommodate the energy and enterprise of a mighty people. Gentlemen, I hope the day is not far distant when we shall be able to form other excursion parties destina tion, the Rocky Mountains and that we will be able to ascend by rail to an altitude where we can defy the summer's heat on the plains below. Thanking you for your kind attention to my desultory remarks, I will resume my seat, but before doing so, I have to regret that our distin guished guest, Vice-President Wade, is absent from sudden indisposition; he wanted to address you upon these great railroad interests, but being too unwell to be present he has requested another distinguished guest, Governor Yates, of Illinois, to represent him, Governor Yates will now address you, and not only speak for the Vice President, but also for the great State of Illinois, which he in part represents in the Senate of the United States. SPEECH OF SENATOR YATES, OF ILLINOIS. Mil. PRESIDENT: I desire to say to you, and through you to the City 12 Council and the members of the Merchants' Exchange, that no one can regret more than I the indisposition of Senator Wade, and especially upon this occasion. It is truly embarrassing to be thus suddenly called upon to respond in the place of one whom you are all so anxious to hear, and whom I believe now to be more loved and honored than any other public man, for his firm devotion to the principles of human liberty throughout a long and illustrious life. (Cheers.) As to replying as the Chairman has said for our distinguished gentlemen here, I do not take that upon myself at all. They are here and can reply for themselves. They are far abler to do it than I am, and I trust we shall hear from each and all of them. I cannot claim the credit of having journeyed so far in my pilgrimage to behold this fair heritage of the valleys of the Mississippi, Missouri, the Kansas and the Platte, this blooming Eden in which your lot has been cast, as my Eastern friends; but none of them could have had a greater desire to see the country and contemplate its grand and gorgeous beauties and its abounding fertility, or feel a greater pride in the contemplation of your present prosperity and your sure and certain march to future unex ampled wealth and power, than I have. I have only crossed the river of the Mississippi; though a citizen of the State of Illinois, I never was west of the Mississippi river three miles before this journey; though I have been hundreds of times East, and down and up the river, I have never before traversed this country three miles west of this river; and, sir, I was totally unprepared to witness such a country as I beheld. Why, sir, I must confess to a little jealousy when I have heard some of our friends comparing Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas favorably with Illinois, just as though any portion of God's habitable globe was to be compared with that garden of the earth, that young giant of the North west, the beautiful and prosperous and glorious State of Illinois. (Laugh ter.) But, sir, I confess I must surrender a good deal. I must confess, sir, I have seen a country which astonished me. I confess, moreover, sir, that I feel now that I was totally unfit and unprepared to legislate for the great interests west of Mississippi, and this country, its future des tiny and its future history, until I had seen and contemplated this Great West in its true importance and its true magnitude. Sir, we have just emerged from a great war. By the valor of our troops we have planted our flags on every stronghold of the enemy. Peace is restored. Sectional jealousy is removed. The South has acquiesced to a reasonable extent. as far as we could expect in the verdict of the war; and the measures adopted by Congress, reinforced by the verdict and sanc tion of the American people, will, I believe, result in the speedy return 13 of every wayward State to its appropriate place, and we all trust and be lieve that the day is not far distant when our Union will again be restored with not a star obscured or a strips erased. (Applause.) But, sir, the war being over, there is something else for us to do. There must be another theatre of action. And now, sir, that a lasting peace, as I trust, is to be the heritage of this country, its future achieve ments are to be those of peaceful industry, of commerce, of agriculture, of the arts and sciences, and of religion. We are to carry, I believe and trust, the institutions which our fathers established, our free schools, our churches, our religion, all the recognized institutions of free, enlightened and civilized society, to the Kansas, to the Platte, to the Rio Grande, to the peaks of the Rocky Mountains, to the golden shores of the Pacific ocean, to the Russian possessions, and to every portion of the continent of North America. (Loud applause.) Mr. President, I consider that the vast country west of the Mississippi is the valley wherein these achievements of peace are to be wrought. I will venture the assertion that there is no portion of the earth, where, during the present decade, the triumphs of peaceful industry, and the advance of improvement and mate rial progress will be more visible and marked, than in this heaven-favored region west of the Mississippi river. If "the lines ever fell to a people in pleasant places," they have fallen to these people out on the western plains, who occupy these grand outposts of settlement in the progress of civilization and Christianity, and in the triumphal march of the star of empire on its western way. (Applause.) Mr. Chairman, a good deal has been said and published about the re moval of the Capitol west, and more especially since, during the war, it was accessible only by a single railroad, and when, by the tearing up of a single track, the whole United States and all its armies and munitions of war, were cut off from the capital. But, so far, this talk has been consid ered mere gasconade; but since I have seen this western country in the vastness of its extent, fertility and resources almost the first thought that strikes me is, that before another century shall elapse, yes, perhaps in less than a quarter of a century, we western Senators will be materially reduced in our mileage, and friends Cattell and Covode will have their mileage very extansively increased by long distance from their homes to the Capitol. [Laughter.] For here, sir, in the mighty West, is to be found the power of the con tinent. [Applause.] We are here on the central line of the temperate clime of the continent within that vast belt running from the Alleghames to the Pacific; all that is most valuable in the animal, vegetable and min eral kingdoms, is to be found in the most unparalleled profusion and 14 perfection. Here is a domain of more than Roman or Russian boundless ness, grand in its mighty outlines, beautiful, yea, gorgeous in its scenery, chequered over with "deep blue lake and mighty river," destined to be the theatre for grand achievements in American enterprise and to be the homes of the spreading millions of American freemen. Yes, Mr. Presi dent, there are broad valleys there, mighty lakes and rivers, and beautiful prairies; mines of inexhaustible wealth; beds of lead, zinc and copper; mountains of iron; coal enough to supply the world; and above all, a rich, deep productive soil capable of producing, with little labor, more of those staple articles which promote the subsistence and constitute the commerce of the world, than any other portion of the earth. Here HERE, upon these mighty plains, agriculture is to have her milleniuni and to reap har vests such as the word never saw before. Now, sir, when I see this country, when I see its vastness and its almost illimitable extent, when I see the keen eye of capital and business fastened with steady interested gaze upon the trade of the West, and all our Eastern cities in hot rivalry are reaching out their iron arms to secure our trade; when I see the railroads that are centring here in St. Louis, when I see this city with 60,000 miles of railroad communication and 100,000 miles of telegraphic communication, when I see that she stands at the head wa ters of navigation, extending to the north 3,000 miles, and to the south 2,000 miles, and when I see that she stands in the centre of the continent as it were, when I see the population moving to the West in vast numbers, when I see immigration rolling 'toward the Pacific, and all through these temperate climes I hear the tramp of the iron horse on his way to the Pacific Ocean; when I see towns and villages springing up in every direc tion ; when I see States forming into existence, until the city of St. Louis becomes the centre as it were of a hundred States, the centre of the popu lation and the commerce of this country; when I see all this, sir, I feel convinced that the seat of empire is to come this side of the Alleghanies; and why may not St. Louis be the future capital of the United States of America ? [Prolonged applause.] Why may not Chicago be that capital ? [Applause.] Why may not Omaha be that capital? [Applause.] Why may not Leavenworth be that capital? [Applause.] Already, two gigantic railroad enterprises have been completed to the Missouri, and for hundreds of miles beyond; already the locomotive is on the sun-set of the continent, and with the certainty of completion clear on and on to the golden shores of the Pacific; and here we are, half-way stations, to find a market for our produce and wares upon both the Atlantic and Pacific; and from Europe will come her untold millions .to people our plains, and we will be within fifteen days travel by railroad 15 and steamship navigation of the accumulated wealth of the 6,000 years, and of the six hundred million people, of Asia and the Indies. [Ap plause.] Now, when we reflect that, as the Pacific Railroad moves for ward on its Western way, settlements and population will nestle along its track, and villages, and cities, and strong and powerful States, will spring up, and the preponderance of population, the numerical strength of the nation, shall be on this side of the Alleghanies, who will doubt that the Capitol of the United States will also be here? [Applause.] We have a new agency born in the world. It is not now the fashion first to settle a country, and then to build roads to it and through it, but. the fashion now is, to build the roads far into the wilderness, and then draw population and settlement to and after them. In war, the railroad is our cheapest and most effectual defence, sending her locomotives thun dering across our mountains and prairies to the relief of our armies and the triumph of our flag. In peace", our strongest bond of union;, stronger than armies or navies, or all the constitutions man ever formed. The locomotive is the new pioneer of population and settlement. The railroad is the new agent of civilization. The railroad is carrying our in stitutions far into the centre of the West. We need nobody to fight the Indians, when the whistle of the locomotive shall frighten the wolf and the antelope before it. My friend, the Chairman, has referred briefly to the history of railroads. I do not chose now to say what shall be the policy of the Government of the United States; I will, however, say what has been its policy. When the United States gave a grant of land for the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, reserving every alternate section to the Govern ment, the result was, the doubling in price of that alternate section, and the Government lost nothing. The result of the enterprise was this, that the Government lands were sold immediately, almost for the full price that the Government had charged originally for all this land; and they were sold within a much less time, for the lands had already been on the market as refused lands, and they would not have been sold to-day, but for this grant in behalf of this railroad. This grant was made, the railroad built, and in a short time cities and villages sprang up along the line of this railroad, and now it is almost one continuous farm from one end of the railroad to the other. That policy on the part of this Government should be continued. We should not hesitate a moment in the policy that should be adopted by the Government, and that policy should be, to press forward these railroads immediately to the Pacific Ocean [loud applause] by an appropriation from the Government, if it is necessary, to carry this railroad over the difficult portions of its course to the Rocky mountains. 16 And this Government, now, as this is the time of peace, and the ener gies of the nation must be employed in some way in the place of war; now, this Government should turn its attention to the great importance of the improvement of our rivers and our harbors. [Loud applause] We said to our Southern brethren, in the beginning of the war, that we would never give up the mouth of the Mississippi; that sooner than do this, that stream should flow with the commingled blood of patriots and trait ors; and we have maintained our position. We have carried every stong- hold, and our flag waves as proudly at New Orleans as it does at St Louis to-day. Now, let us say to our Southern brethren for they are our Southern brethren now, or will be, very soon let us say to them that we will do everything to make them neighbors; we will clean out your rivers, repair your levees, give you all the necessary transit for a market, all the necessary market facilities for your sugar, your cotton, and other pro ductions. [Applause.] I agree with you, Mr. Chairman, and I will con clude by saying that I expect, in a short time, from all the calculations which have been made, that in five years time we shall have a continuous railroad line from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. [Loud applause.] I expect then, sir, you will see, in the same cars, traveling through the city of St. Louis, the merchants of Canton and Pekin, in China, and of San Francisco and New York, in America, and of London and Liverpool, in England, all traveling through the city of St. Louis, across the great con tinental thoroughfare of America. [Applause.] I expect, in five years from now, to be able to continue my journey to the Pacific ocean, and to reach that point upon the Rocky Mountains which Mr. Benton once de signated as the point where he was to erect the statue of Columbus. I expect to stand at the foot of some such statue as that, and, as I look back over this beautiful land in the East, and as I look over the golden shores of the Pacific on the West, and as I look on the cities, and towns, and States which are now rising into existence, and which are to consti tute the future power and glory of the country; I expect, then, from this height, to be able to exclaim of this land, this glorious land ! this land of a hundred States! this ocean-bound Republic! "How beautiful are thy tents, Israel!" [Applause.] Mr. Chairman, in behalf of Senator Wade and of the party, I cannot close without referring to the cordialities that have been extended to us. Our party will not soon forget you, Mr. Chairman, for the hospitalities you have extended to them. They will always remember Gen'l Palmer, the efficient Treasurer of the road, for his kind attentions, and for the perfect regularity and system maintained by him during our excursion. [Applause.] I will not refer to your city, so often described as one of 17 the great emporiums of the West; I will not attempt to depict its future destiny, when, as it were, the commerce of the continent shall pour into your commission houses, after the construction of this railroad; but I will refer, and do refer, to that pleasure which has been excited in all our bosoms, to-day, by the beautiful scenes which surround your city. Cer tainly, none more beautiful have I seen anywhere, in the East or the West. And to the Mayor, City Council and Merchants' Exchange, I re turn, for Judge Wade and for myself, leaving my brother associates to re turn their own thanks, I return you our heartfelt thanks for the cordial hospitality which you have extended to us on this occasion. [Applause.] SPEECH OF SENATOR CATTELL, OF NEW JERSEY. MR. PRESIDENT : It strikes me there is something a little out of place in the course things have taken this evening I supposed that the modest little State of New Jersey, or rather the humble representative of that State, would not be called upon till a much later hour in the evening I presumed that these grand States of the West, so ably represented here, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, would have been heard from first, and that they would have been followed by my eloquent friend from Maryland; I am therefore quite unprepared for your unexpected call, for I confidently expected to catch enough inspiration from the eloquence of these gentlemen, as they traveled along, to enable me to speak when my time should come. [Laughter ] What, therefore, Mr. Chairman, is to be done in such a crisis as this? There is nothing left me, I think, sir, but simply to return to you, and through you to the City Council and Merchants' Exchange, and to the people of St. Louis, my heartfelt thanks for the hospitality and kindness which have been extended to the party of which I am a member, ever since our arrival in your beautiful and flourishing city. I can say, with my friend of Illinois (Senator Yates) that this is my first visit to the great West, and that I have been delighted, nay more, that I have been absolutely bewildered, by the grandeur and magnificence of the scenes which have met my eye, en this grand excursion along the lines of the two Pacific Railroads I confess that I have been both delighted and instructed, and I believe no more truthful sentiment could have fallen from the lips of the Senator from Illinois than that in which he expressed a doubt whether he or any other gentleman is fully prepared to legislate intelligently for this nation without first having seen with his own eyes something of the magnitude and grandeur of the country which is unfolded to him in such an exten- 18 ded trip as we have been favored with, through the politeness of the offi cers of the Pacific roads. And, therefore, Mr. Chairman, Senator Wade has not only, in the language of our traveling companion, Mr. Train, "had this Senatorial party out, teaching them geography," but I am ab solutely convinced that we are being taught how to legislate in view of the boundless extent of our territory, its limitless resources, and the in domitable energy of our people. A personal observation of this immense territory through which we have traveled cannot but impress the mind of the legislator with the conviction that it is OK?' interest and duty to bend the energies of this nation to the completion of these great lines of railways, and speed the iron horse in his chase after the setting sun, until his on ward course is arrested by the waters of the Pacific ocean. Since I have been sitting at the table, Mr. Chairman, I have been lis tening to, and participating somewhat in, the discussion between my friends opposite, on the question, How are we to pay our national debt? Well, sir, the answer to that question is, It can easily be done, without pressing hard upon our people, simply by developing the limitless resour ces of our great country, and especially by opening up our rich domain west of the Missouri. I remember having had, during the war, and near its close, a discussion with one of my English correspondents in regard to our national debt. He seemed alarmed at its magnitude, and doubted the ability of a new country like ours to stand up under such a load. I endeavored, in good plain honest style, to convince him of his error, by telling him the re sources of our country, and assuring him that a debt of even three thou sand millions of dollars, for such a country as ours, and especially with such a people, that such a debt was of far less consequence to us, and a far lighter burden, than the four thousand millions they owed themselves. Finally, I lost patience, and closed the discussion one day by saying to him: "My dear sir, permit me to say, in just one sentence, in reply to your strictures on our national debt, that there is enough of value in the minerals thnt lie buried in the hills and mountains of America, as yet un trodden by the foot of civilized man, at their normal value in the ground (if there were money enough in the world to buy them), not only to pay the three thousand millions which we owe, but to pay your little debt of four thousand millions, and have enough left to buy and pay for the king dom of Great Britain. [Great applause.] And I have been disposed, in the course of the journey we have made, Mr. Chairman, to say that there is not only mineral wealth lying within our continent, and belonging to us, inviting the skill of the miner and the enterprise of the capitalist, sufficient to make the payment of our debt secure, but that there is 19 latent wealth enough in those beautiful, broad prairies, which have never yet been turned by the plow, and in the magnificent hill-sides and val leys which lie along the thousands cf miles we have traveled, to assure the most skeptical bond-holder that the public debt of the United States not only can be paid but will be paid, to the uttermost farthing. [Ap plause.] What we need, in the present condition of affairs, is the rapid develop ment of these great resources; -and there is nothing under heaven that will do so much toward this as the completion of these two great lines of railway which you are pushing on to the Pacific Ocean. [Cheers.] And I am free to say, here, to-night, after the opportunities which have been afforded me for observation on both these lines of road, that the Govern- msnt has acted wisely in giving a helping hand to these great enterprises; that every dollar which has been given, or rather loaned, to aid this work, will IJK more than repaid to the Government, in two ways: 1. By the great saving in the transportation of supplies for the frontier forts and garrisons, wagon transportation Icing very expensive; and, 2. By finally enabling you to abrogate the whole line of posts in the country through which the roads pass. For of what earthly use will these forts be, when you have railroads running through the heart of that country, carrying our civilization, and dotting its whole line with the homes of the hardy pioneers, and laying the foundation of villages, towns and cities. As a national question, in its direct relation to the Government, every dollar that has been given in aid of this enterprise has been wisely bestowed, and will be amply repaid. But, more than this, the nation will gain immensely by the development of the resources of the mighty West. These roads will open up the vast domain which belongs to us, inviting not only the enterprise of our own people to its fertile acres, but enabling us to spread out our hands to the whole earth, and say to the oppressed of all lands, "Come, there is room enough, and to spare!" Who can estimate the increase of our national wealth, when the min eral and agricultural resources of this vast region shall come to be devel oped, and when the commerce of the Indies shall find its way to the na tions of Europe across our continent? Mr. Chairman, without trespassing further upon your indulgence, I close by saying, God speed both lines of the Pacific Railroad, and give prosperity to your great city ! SPEECH OF SENATOR CHANDLER, OF MICHIGAN. MR. PRESIDENT: Twenty-seven years ago I was seeking a location in 20 the far West. Detroit was beginning to be rather of an eastern city. I was looking for something farther West. I did not like Chicago, and I took another stage coach and traveled over the prairies some 120 miles, and continued along the Illinois river, and at last came down to a little city by the name of St. Louis, situated upon the Mississippi river, a few miles below the junction of the Missouri river. St. Louis then possessed a population, I believe, of about 16,000 inhabitants; but real estate was then so very high here in St. Louis, that the old and judicious men ad vised that no investment should be made at that time. They were feeding cattle up here on Fourth street, about where this hotel now stands, and I suppose it would have cost one hundred dollars per acre, to have bought land here at that time. But real estate was too high to make an invest ment at that time. That was in the year 1840. Mr. Chairman, at that time it took about two weeks to come from Detroit to St. Louis; by the shortest practicable route, from eight to fourteen days depending on the state of the roads and the stage of water in the rivers. Since that time, Mr. Chairman, I have seen these three cities, Detroit, Chicago, and St. Louis increase somewhat in population, somewhat in their business, and somewhat in their hopes and prospects. Detroit was the oldest of the three, and, perhaps, at that time, the most pretentious. But having a very modest population in the State of Michigan, and recognizing the extraor dinary speed of our neighbors, and the fast time they have made, and that they propose to make, we have rather retired and make no preten sions in the future. Now, Mr. President, I can start from Detroit and reach St. Louis in twenty-four hours, and now instead of passing through a small village, containing two or three thousand people, I pass through a city of one hundred and fifty, two hundred or three hundred thousand inhabitants I don't know which. [Laughter.] The last time I inquired I forget how many there were. I arrive here in St. Louis and find that it is not gener ally known how many hundred thousand there are. I inquired what the population was, yesterday, and they told me it was two hundred and fifty or three hundred thousand. I asked again to-day, and they said the in crease was so rapid that they couldn't tell, but they thought it was about five hundred thousand. [Great applause.] Well, Mr. President, there has been a great talk about rivalry between these great cities of the West. You need but to travel as I have, during the past two or three weeks, to hoot at the idea of rivalry between any of these cities. Why, sir, I traveled through the parallel directly west of this city, 400 miles, perhaps 500 miles, through Missouri and through Kansas, and I see a country there, sir, out of which they might make 21 three empires in Germany, and a great empire anywhere else on the face of the earth. [Applause.] Why, Mr. Chairman, I believe that this State of Missouri alone, is competent to-day to feed the whole population of the earth, if the lands were all cultivated. Rivalry, sir, between St. Louis and Chicago? It is an absurdity! It is simply ridiculous. Why, sir, the land lying West of St. Louis and Chicago is capable of sustaining ten cities ten times larger than Chicago and St. Louis both are to-day, or will be fifty years hence. Then, sir, with regard to these great veins of traffic and trade, your railroads. It is a well established fact, that a railroad through such a country as this will pay, on a parallel on each and every degree; you may build a railroad, sir, through the paralled of 39, and in five years the increase on that parallel will sustain that railroad and make your stock profitable; and so you may go on. Any parallel in this beau tiful and magnificent country will sustain your railroad, and that within ten or fifteen years from the date when you build the road, and in most cases from the date when it is built. Mr. President, I have read most of the works that have been written about this Western country, but I never crossed the Mississippi river but once. I never traveled into the interior of this country but once, and that was in the fall of 1861. I thought I understood the resources of this country west of the Mississippi, but, Mr. President, this whole jour ney has been to me a continual astonishment. I traveled for the first time through the State of Iowa, and I found such a State as no writing can describe. Mr. President, if I had my way, I would take these Eastern members of Congress, Senators and members of the House of Representatives, and I would treat them as you in your early residence in this city of St. Louis used to treat the Indian tribes. You, sir, after making a treaty with these wild Indians, used to send Mr. Chouteau, or some other Indian trader, to talk with the principal Chiefs of the principal tribes, and show them the forts and the arsenals, and show them your cities and towns, and show them your immense population, to satisfy them, that there was no use for them in contending against this great Government of the United States. Sir, I would take these Yankees and I would trot them over your prairies, and through your great cities [applause], and I would show them something away off beyond what their imagination reaches too vast for their comprehension, except by personal examination. Mr. President, we have passed through such a conflict as the world never saw before, and I suppose it was nescessary for us to pass through that conflict. I believe, sir, that God Almighty intended that this nation, this continent, and this identical people I believe, sir, in the wisdom of Omnipotence, that this Government was preserved to demonstrate the problem now being wrought ihe capability of man for self-government. The late war was not a war between the North and South. That was not the issue to be settled in this terrible war that has taken place daring the last seven years. We were to decide whether man was capable of self- government whether man could govern himself or was a thing to be governed; whether he was born to rule or to be ruled. That was the issue, and that has been settled, and the problem has been wrought out. Mr. President, during this great rebellion, during this war, the Gov ernment of the United States had no friends among the governments of the earth saving and excepting only the little Republic of Switzerland, and there was not a government on the face of the earth that did not desire our overthrow. We had, it is true, the good wishes of Russia and why? Russia was fearing a war with the Eastern powers of Europe, and it was very well for Russia to make a flank movement, by a sort of friendship with the United States, but there was no cordial sympathy between the Government of Russia and the Republic of the United States. I say sir, during that fearful struggle we had no friend among the govern ments of the earth when we needed friends. To-day we have no enemies among the governments of the earth. They were not our friends when we needed friends. They dare not be our enemies when we do not require their friendship. [Applause.] Mr. President, a nation that has put two millions of armed men in the field, and maintained them there four years; a nation that has put the largest and most formidable navy afloat, within the short space of four years, that the world has ever saen, is it not a nation to be at enmity with. In our trouble and during our tribulation, nations dared to defy u:i. France dared to send her troops into Mexico, to establish an empire there. Mr. President, this country is not large enough for an empire there. [Cheers.] There ain't land enough on the continent of North America to hold an empire. After our difficulties were settled, after we had got through with our little family quarrel, we notified Louis Napoleon tli.it the empire would be unhealthy for the soldiers of an empire, and, sir, he believed that it would be unhealthy, and he took away his soldiers, and his empire too. Well, sir, during our troubles and our weakness, Great Britain saw fit to not only insult and injure us, but Great Britain dared, sir, to send her privateers abroad to burn our peaceful commerce. Three years ago, sir, I offered a resolution in the Senate of the United States instructing our Secretary of State to make out a bill for damages, and to present it to Great Britain and ask her to pay it. Well, sir, the Secretary of State made out the bill, according to the request, and with his hat in his hand 23 and on his knees, he approached the British Premier and said: "My dear sir, will you pardon, me? but I would like for you to look at that bill and to have it paid." Well, the British Premier said, "I won't I won't look at that bill, nor will I refer it to anybody/' and we were turned out of court. Well, sir, since that time Great Britain has been very anxious to have the bill examined, and within the last few months she has in formed the Secretary of State that she would be willing to arbitrate. Mr. President, when I offered that resolution, this Government was spending money at the rate of $1,000,000,000 a year, arid a little matter of thirty or forty millions of dollars was then of great importance to us. Since that time we have been paying off our national debt at the rate of one to three hundred millions of dollars a year, and we can wait now. I am not in as great a hurry now as I was then. I am willing, sir, to wait until England gets ready to pay. I am not willing to arbitrate with any body. Mr. President, that bill must be paid, with interest from its date, and there is no discount upon it. [Applause.] And, sir, I am disposed to be liberal with Great Britain. She is a very old power, and she is a very feeble power now. She has ceased to command the repect of the nations of the earth. When the German question was being settled, was Great Britain invited in to consult or advise, or help arbitrate? Not at all, sir. She was left out. We must be kind to Great Britain, and I, sir, am willing to wait till she gets able to pay 5 and what is more, Mr. Presi dent, I am willing to take collateral security. Great Britain owns a little land up north of us, and T, sir, am willing to consider this a first mortgage on the little debt that Great Britain owes us. I do not want it paid. I do not want it arbitrated. I want to let it rest till the time comes to foreclose that mortgage. There was an iceberg up north that we bought the other day. It is a great territory, they tell me. I don't know what they raise up there, nor I don't care much. It is a part of this continent, and we want, it. [Cheers.] And, therefore, sir, I voted for the treaty that acquired it. I don't know, as I said before, what they raise. I am told that it is a great country for walruses, sea-horses and whales [laugh ter], and that it has some ice; but no matter, it is a part of this continent of North America, and we want the whole of it, and we will have no co partnerships. [Laughter.] And as we have allied with Russia, I prefer to pay a small sum to Russia, and take possession of what little land she owns there. The day after that treaty was signed, on the 4th of March, I met Mr. Seward, and he said : "What do you think of the treaty?" Said T, "What is the land good for?" Says he, "It's fisheries are splendid, and there is a good deal of min eral wealth." Said I, "Can you get a farm out of it?" Said he, "I don't know, but it is worth more than we paid for it, a great deal more. " Said I, "Governor, I am rather disposed to vote for your treaty, but when we settle with Great Britain, not one single dollar will I vote to pay her for her North American section. Not one dollar. " I will let that mortgage stand, let the Alabama claims remain, and when the proper time arrives it has not arrived yet, and I am in no hurry; we can wait one year, two years or five years, it is a mere question of time but, Mr. President, when the proper time arrives, we will foreclose that little mortgage on Great Britain and take the small territory that lies north of us. This North American continent belongs to us, and ours it must be. Why, sir, no nation will go to war with us for any strip of land upon this continent. Mr. President, I have occupied your time too long. I simply wish to thank you, and the citizens of St. Louis, and the Railroad Companies, whose guests we have been, for the courtesy and kindness, and the abundant hospitality that has been extended to us, and again to assure you that there is no cause for rivalry between any of the cities of the Northwest, but that you all have room to grow and expand, and become Londons, if you please. SPEECH OF SENATOR TRUMBULL, OF ILLINOIS. MR. PRESIDENT : Illinois being a modest State, and not making much pretension, as you know, I did not suppose she would be called upon after the eloquent remarks of my colleague; but I shall detain you but a moment, confining myself chiefly to this railroad enterprise, and what I suppose ought to be the policy of the Government in regard to these great national works. Within the last three weeks we have passed through the great States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Mis souri five States covering more territory twice over than the whole empire of France, and I think I may say a more fertile country, and one capable of sustaining a greater population. Some gentlemen who have spoken to you to-night, have told you we are to have a London here. I will not be so extravagant as some of my enthusiastic friends, but is it reasonable, fellow-citizens, to believe that a country twice the extent of France, in the heart of this continent, with this great river running through it, will not be able to sustain a population as great as France? We have all been astonished at the progress of this Western country. It is within my recollection, and you all see that I am still a young man, yet it is within my recollection, that all the railroads of this country have 25 been constructed. It is within my memory when there was not a railroad in the United States, and it is but a few years since we had a struggle, across the river, in reference to one railroad across the State of Illinois. Now, we have so many that I would have to stop to count, to state the number, and we will have these railroads to the Pacific not one, two or three, but we shall have a northern route, a central route, this route from St. Louis, and one still further South, and, perhaps, half a dozen more within the same period within which the other roads have been built. And if I ever had a doubt as to the propriety of fostering these railroads by the Federal Government, it would have been removed during the trip over these railroads. [Applause.] My object in coming upon this expe dition, was, not merely one of curiosity, but I wanted to see the Western country; and although a Western man for the most of my life and I have passed a good portion of it almost within a stone's throw of your city I had never traversed these Western plains until upon this excur sion. I had heard of an American desert in the West, and I confess that I believed there was a region of country somewhere West on these plains, which could not be profitably cultivated; but I am satisfied that this is a mistake. This portion which we supposed was of no -value, and never could be inhabited, contains, as we have learned within a few years, untold treasures in the way of minerals. These plains, that it was said were a desert, when we came to traverse them, we found to be all of the same character as our Illinois prairies; and when I speak of any country as equal to the prairies of Illinois, I speak of the best country on which the sun shines. [Applause.] Now, my friends, these railroads are to be built. How much the Government can do, or ought to do, in aiding them, is the question. It ought to do all that it reasonably can. The Government has its lands along the line of these roads, and it ought to give liberally, and such has been its policy for years. No very large subsidies may be required of the Government. I hope that the capital and the enterprising men of the country will take hold of these roads and complete them, and I think they will find their reward in the return of profits from the business done on the road. But the Govern ment has always manifested a great interest in these roads, and in all these works. The completion of these roads will reduce very largely our expenses in the transportation of army supplies and munitions of war, for we are now threatened with an Indian war, and there is, in my judgment, great danger of a general war with the Indians, growing out of the ad vances of the whites upon their hunting grounds. As these inroads are made upon the hunting grounds of the Indians, they will be left to starve or to gather into predatory bands, such as are now roving through that 26 western country in small bodies. I think there is, at this time, no large organized body of hostile Indians anywhere; and I found the farther west we went, the nearer we approached to the Indians, and accounts of hostilities and depredations by the Indians came to us. A few murders had been committed by a very few Indians perhaps not more than half a dozen in number. These murders appeared to have been committed in the attempt to drive off stock; and in accomplishing that object when it was necessary, and, perhaps, sometimes, when it was not necessary, they have murdered a few persons when they had it in their power. If we could have upon the western frontier, at this time, a strong force of cavalry which I trust General Sherman, who traveled with us over the road from Omaha west, will forward to General Hancock with this force of cavalry I think he would be able to restrain these Indians and prevent a war, which, if brought on, will cost more than the money that it would require to build these roads. If we are to have a war with the Indians, the Gov ernment is interested in the success of these roads. If we are not to have a warj the Government is equally interested, became then, by the building of these roads, it will be relieved of the necessity of maintaining forts. It will relieve us of the vast expense in carrying our mails through to the Pacific coast The expense of transportation which the Government is di rectly interested in, will be greatly reduced. Therefore, in fostering these railroads, the Government will be greatly benefited. As I have said to you before, these five States are capable of sustaining a population equal to the population to-day in the empire of France. We have been all astonished at the progress of this country. Why, I have ridden over the prairies of Illinois year after year, practising at law, where it was said that the land never could be made profitable, and you could ride a whole day without seeing more than two houses, and where it was said that there was no timber. Well, how is it now? These prairies are covered with farms, and land that could be bought at $1.25 per acre, cannot now be bought at $25 to $100 an acre. These plains, where the buffaloes have lived and grown fat, cattle can live on also. The ingenuity of our people will reduce and cultivate all these plains whose population will speedily spread across the mountains to the Pacific coast. These railroads are to span the mountains in a very few years, and the magnificence of this country no man can fully realize. I will not undertake to say what it will be. We have all been astonished at what we have seen, and doubt less those who are to follow after me will be as much astonished as we have been. We have lived in extraordinary times the most extraordi nary the world has ever seen. The great war is over. The great evil in our system of government has been wiped away forever. I shall not take 27 up your time tonight by discussing political questions or obtruding upon the assembly partisan views, but we all agree, now, that that institution, which put at hazard the peace of this country, and came nigh destroying- it, is destroyed forever. Peace has come upon our country once more. That portion of it which was in hostility to the Government is being reorganized, and I trust it will be speedily accomplished. This organization I want to see at an early day at the earliest practical moment that it can be done with safety to the Union. I want it done by putting the power into the hands of men true to the Union. I want also all these States restored to their former position. I want to see trade and commerce opened with the South. This city wants to see it, the whole nation wants to see it. Let the en. ergy of this country, which astonished the world when engaged in war, be now turned to improvements in time of peace, and to the developing of the great resources of this nation. (Cheers.) I feel, fellow-citizens, that it would be unjust to you to detain you in discussing these questions. There are other gentlemen here, from other States more remote, whom I know you would prefer to hear, I shall there fore thank you, gentlemen of these railroads, both the Union Pacific Railroad, Eastern Division, and the Pacific Road from Omaha, for the opportunities they have afforded me to see this country, for their courtesy and kindness, and their liberality, for their provision for all our wants and comforts. SPEECH OP HON. JOHN COVODE, OF PENNSYLVANIA. MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: It is too late for me to make a speech, to-night, and after having listened to those able Senators, and desirous as you are, no doubt, to hear from other distinguished mem bers of the Senate here, I will not detain you long; but, as my friend from Michigan (Mr. Chandler) was calling your attention to his first visit to St. Louis, I think I had better date a little farther back, and give you my first visit here. I came here in April, 1839, over twenty-eight years ago, when St. Louis only extended to Fourth Street, or, if it did extend further, it was of very little consequence beyond that. I was at the bank of the river, when a man who had been murdered in a house near by was being dragged down to the river, to be thrown in. Next morning, I saw two parties go over the river to fight a duel, which was Sunday morning at that, and the same evening, nearly the whole city was out to see a horse race. I was then on my way to the upper Mississippi, and went up on the first boat that summer, in company with Col. Davenport, (who was 28 murdered the 4th day of July of the next year), to locate a proper place for a railroad to cross the Mississippi river. I selected Davenport as the place, and the cars are passing over there now. Ten years ago, I returned to the Mississippi valley, as I have come out every few years, to spread out my comprehension. If I am at home, my notions become contracted, and I cannot believe this country is as large as it really is; so I have to come out and see it again. Ten years ago, I came out with a party to ex amine the Platte Valley, in view of having the Eastern railroads concen trated at some point preparatory to crossing the Rocky Mountains, having had a promise from members of Congress from the South, that they would give us a land grant, to commence the construction of these roads, if we had territorial organization in Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, the party that went up to examine that country was furnished with transportation by you, free of charge, over the railroad and upper Missouri, and accompanied part of the way by you. We ex amined the Platte Valley. We crossed the country to the Republican, came down the valley of the Kaw to its mouth, through the very country on the very line, that we have been travelling on to-day. I was among the first engaged in this business, now in the hands of enterprising capi talists, who need my assistance no more. I have aided it in every possi ble way. I am not confined to one road. I believe that the Kansas road has as good a right to the aid of the Government as the Union Pacific Railroad. I go for both. I believe that Kansas and Nebraska have just as good a claim, and as much need, for railroads, as New York and Pennsylvania have. Now, gentlemen, I will give a reason that I have, for furthering your route, or insisting that it should go on, and go rapidly. The valley of the Platte is the best territory I have seen, or, as I believe, that is to be found on the continent, to lay down a railroad track in. The valley of the Kansas is also favorable, but the road bed is made at a greater expense. The Union Pacific Railroad, up the Platte Valley, will be obstructed in the winter, a portion of the time, with snow. Last winter the route was impassable for some time, on account of the snow. We will have to contend with the snow on the summit of the mountains also. Bridger's Pass is liable to be snowed up for many months. This road has been built up the valley to lead farther South, and to build up the trade of Santa Fe, crosses the mountains at a lower summit, and thereby avoids many of the difficulties that they had been contending with last winter; and I tell you, gentle men, to-night, that it is the interest of the Platte Valley, or the Union Pacific road that this road should be built also. There should be no rivalries or competition with one another. We want to make a great 29 thoroughfare across the continent. Suppose that two hundred millions of people in Europe, and six hundred millions in Asia, with whom we expect to trade across our continent, get to understand that we are blockaded with snow for three months of the year, can we secure their commerce ? They will hesitate to put their commerce on a line, which is liable to be so obstructed. But suppose we have a road that will be in running order every day of the year, we may then reasonably expect to realize the grand idea of securing the commerce of Asia and Europe across our continent, Therefore, gentlemen, the Union Pacific Railroad will be benefited instead of disadvantaged by the security given to the world that we have a road that will not be obstructed with snow. Gentlemen, I cannot detain you long on this question. I am in favor of aiding both roads in their purpose of completing them in the shortest possible time. Why, along the valley of the Platte, I have seen three forts blotted out already. Forts Kearney, Sedgwick, and McPherson, are all superseded by the building of the Platte Valley road and the establishment of a station at the North Platte. This road has developed a population that has utilized the In dian as far as that is concerned. In the Kansas valley I saw Fort Riley, a beautiful, well laid out, well built military post, standing on the moun tains to protect the frontier. There is now no necessity for it. No use in sending troops there. Junction City has sprung up in sight of it and seems to laugh at the now useless, but costly works. The forts are no longer necessary, and there is where the Government has a great and para mount interest in the construction of these roads, that will settle the Indian question for all future time, and that, too, without expense to the Government. Many think the Government has made large donations to these Companies, but, gentlemen, the Government is getting its money back again in advance of the time at which the interest is due. They have done it on both these roads. A word more to you, gentlemen, in regard to your home interest. This subject has been pretty well discussed to-night, but after all, this broad country is only one story high out here. In Pennsylvania, our country is two or three stories. We have one man or a family with a hundred acres, and five hundred men on the lower strata after minerals. You have minerals in Missouri, enough to double the population of St. Louis in five years, and enough to double the value of every acre of land on each of the rivers at the same time. This, gen tlemen, has been the experience of our mining and manufacturing districts. I talk advisedly. Gentlemen here know that I have aided in organizing and built up the most successful mining company in Pennsylvania, and we are shipping to-day over two thousand tons of coal per day, over the Pennsylvania Railroad to Philadelphia, giving it a transportation that 30 would pay three per cent, on its cost alone. Now, gentlemen, what do you want out here? Probably some of my friends in Pennsylvania think I ought not to tell you all this, because you are bringing all your rails from our section. Perhaps they think I ought not to be posting you up on these matters. But I am liberal. You want capital invested in making Iron. You have the greatest iron mine on the continent, just within reach. You have iron enough to make rails for all the roads to the Pa cific; and, while you have all that, you have some gentlemen among you who do not believe in protection. I was at Troy a few weeks ago, to wit ness the Bessemer steel process. I there saw your pig iron made into steel twenty tons per day with three tons of coal, at a cost of less than four dollars a ton, to make rails. Why, gentlemen, we take your ore to Troy, in the State of New York, and we make it into steel, rolling it into rails to lay steel roads in Pennsylvania, and, after a while, to send it out here to lay steel roads across the continent. You see the interest you have in these mines, if properly developed. Why, the mining men, familiar with this business, tell me that the best iron comes from the Iron Moun tain. "Why/' said I, u Why does not St. Louis make the rails for these roads. It is the best place on the continent to do it. " And yet you buy foreign rails, made by pauper labor, that enriches only your enemies. They all agreed with me on that point. Common sense will dictate this to you all. Now, gentlemen, look out for this iron question. Manufac ture your own steel, and the steel that is required in the Western States. We take your flour from Chicago, your wool from Iowa, and your bacon from the West. We take it down to Pennsylvania and New England. While we manufacture at the East, the raw material is taken from the West, and the goods are sent back to you for sale, and you are paying- transportation both ways. Why, gentlemen, will you never learn that you have an interest in the tariff? Do you not understand this question ? I say that this is a question as to whether you will manufacture your own iron and so increase your wealth to double its present amount in five years. Then, why send men to Congress, to vote against protecting American industry? Excuse me, gentlemen; it is growing late and I will detain you no longer. SPEECH OF HON. TIMOTHY O. HOWE, OF WISCONSIN. MR. CHAIRMAN AND GENTLEMEN : A great city is always, under all circumstances, an august spectacle. To see a great many thousand people separated from the rest of the world, with a view of becoming the focus o of a great country, is, itself, a great sight. It is sublime in all its aspects, in its industries, in its avocations; but I think that when a great city undertakes to dispense its courtesies, it is about as sublime as any phase in which a city can be regarded. When a hundred or two hundred thous and people get up to bow to their fellow beings, in compliment to them, it is quite as great a spectacle as I care to look upon. This is one of those occasions, the one to which I am now responding. For the first time in my life, I set my foot in St. Louis, to-day. I can only compre hend this city in one aspect, that of its courtesy. I find this great city with its cap in its hand, to do honor to its visitors. I am gratified for this very distinguished compliment which you have paid me, in common with my fellow-travelers. I can prove to }^ou my gratitude, not only by telling you of it, but resuming my seat at once, without saying anything more. (Applause.) SPEECH OF HON. JOHN A. J. CRESWELL, OF MARYLAND. MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : The great dramatist has said that "brevity is the soul of wit." Whether or not this saying be universally true of wit, I shall not stop to determine; but I think I can safely say that brevity should be the main feature of a speech made after twelve o'clock at night, on a festive occasion. It therefore behoves me to be very brief Of compliments, the people of St. Louis have had a surfeit to-night. The Senator from Michigan has confidently predicted that, within the next five years, your city will contain a population of 500,000 souls; and his distinguished associate from Illinois, after modestly alluding to his own State, as the State of the Union, and, indeed, as the paradise of the world, also donned the mantle of the prophet, and asserted that Illinois, together with the States of Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, will very soon contain a population greater, and more wealthy, than that of the empire of France. I hope all these predictions may be verified. Gentlemen of the West! you are a great people, to be sure, but you are not all the people in the universe. [Laughter.] Remember that there is still an East, and that, without that East or rather, without it and the rest of the Union you cannot complete your great railroad sys tem, nor construct your other extensive works of internal improvements you cannot even continue successfully what you have so well begun. You cannot rejoice more in your prosperity than we do; because it is as much our work as yours. Consider what we have done in the past and in this connection I shall only speak of my little State of Maryland, scarcely a speck on the map when compared with the measureless area of this great country. Some thirty years ago, Maryland entered upon an enterprise, so bold in its conception, and requiring such immense treasure to insure its success, that many of the most courageous in the land shrunk from it and predicted that it would result in irretrievable disaster. Nevertheless, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, in time, surmounted the Alleghany Moun tains, and accomplished so much for the West, that you should never cease to honor the men who led in that pioneer railroad movement. That work struck the Alleghany range, before deemed impassable by railroads, from the map; and it no longer stands as an obstacle across the track of progress. The course of emigration, thus relievd, flowed Westward with increasing current, rapidly filled up the magnificent valley of the Mis sissippi. To accomplish all this, we expended over $30,000,000 more than one-tenth of the aggregate assessable property of our States and that, too, without one dollar of aid from the general Government, by way of either lands or subsidies. This is only one of the many good things which the East has done for the West. Without detracting in the least from your enterprise and business capacity, I venture the assertion, that you must seek for further aid from the public men and capitalists of the East. An Eastern man, but with a heart full of sympathy and kindness for the people of the West, I have come among you for the. purpose of verifying with my eyes, that which has heretofore been attested to my ears; and I am free to confess that my most sanguine expectations have been more than realized. Like the Shebaen queen, after she had seen the glories of Solomon, I can well say of the mighty West, "The one half was not told me." I have gazed with speechless amazement upon your boundless prairies, decked with the richest herbage and the most gorgeous flowers; upon your mighty rivers, burdened with the fatness of the land, and coursing onward, with untiring current, to the sea ; upon the brilliant azure of your pellucid sky so clear, and yet so fathomless, that I have thought it but a veil of gauze which God has spread between man and the dread arcana of his handiwork; upon the unequaled splendor of that sun which, by day, lights up your hill tops and your valleys with a flood of glory, and then upon the countless hosts of heaven, whch dissipate the night in the lustrous glittering of your rejoicing stars; and, overwhelmed by the prodigality of nature, I have been forced to the conclusion, that this valley of the Mississippi has been prepared by God for the centre of the great Republic of Freedom. [Great applause.] But, you ask, what about the Pacific Railroad? So far as I have been able to form an opinion, I believe that the Eastern Division of the Union Pacific Railroad must be made a through line of itself, and that it must 33 deviate considerably from the location originally assigned to it. If I un derstand the position of affairs, it is this: When Congress began to legis late in regard to the Pacific Railroad, your road, known as the Eastern Division, was considered a mere adjunct of the great central line, to be projected westward, from Omaha to the Pacific Sea. Your road was obliged to form a junction with the main line at the hundredth meridian of longitude. Both roads were aided by the Government to the extent of a loan of $16,000 and a grant of 12,800 acres of land per mile east of the Rocky Mountains. The impression is now general, that the line of the Eastern Division must be deflected more to the southward than was at first supposed. Able engineers are now in the field, making surveys, in order to ascertain the most favorable route. In the opinion that your road should go southward, I fully concur. The precise location is a matter of detail which the engineers can best determine. If pushed to the Pacific, this road will draw, from the shores of both oceans, such numberless trains of immigrants that they will soon American ize the whole country acquired under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase. When that old Mexican territory shall be filled up with a population of freemen, "who know their rights, and know ing, dare maintain them," and who have been taught to bow with sub mission to the sovereignty of the law, new States will spring, as it were, spontaneously into being, from the Arkansas to the north of the Rio Col orado. I am sure that every dollar expended by the Government, in building, not merely one, but several, railroads to the Pacific, will be re paid ten fold in the direct returns, and an hundred fold in organizing so ciety, and establishing States, in the course of their progress. By the facilities which they will create, they will carve the wilderness into happy homes for many millions. [Cheers.] What I assert is no longer speculation. Conjecture lias been superseded by certainty. Figures, based uqon actual expenditures and receipts, prove, beyond doubt, that whatever the Government may give ivill not be an ad vance upon doubtful security, but a loan from which it will derive a vast return. 1 therefore my, unreservedly, that I am in favor of making your road a through line to the Pacific, and of lending to it the aid of the Gov ernment to the extent of that given to the Omaha line; and, if that be not sufficient, then I am in favor of giving to both roads such further aid as may be necessary to insure their completion at the earliest practicable day. [Long continued applause.] It is necessary that you, the people of St. Louis, and of all Missouri and Kansas, should use your utmost exertions to complete the Kansas line to 34 the Pacific. Get up a spirit of emulation. Let no obstacle stand in the way. Snow drifts on the upper line will not win your battle. The men who control the Union Pacific line are endowed with superhuman energy They will conquer the snowy mountains as certainly as they have con quered the wide prairie. They will go through, or over, or under any barrier that may present itself. They will either excavate it, or bridge it, or tunnel it. This nation will not wait because the timid fear a storm in the Rocky Mountains. In short, you must succeed by your courage and enterprise. We of the East will help you all we can; and no man, who considers what we have done in the past, can doubt the sincerity with which we proffer you our assistance in the future. (Applause ) These Continental Railroads, when completed, will bind together this Republic with their iron ligaments. No political convulsion will ever be strong enough to separate the East from the West. Hundreds of millions of treasure will appeal to the interests of the people in unison with the dictates of patriotism. The telegraph and the railroad the one far out stripping, and the other rivaling, the speed of the flying hours will more effectually consolidate our Union than all the enginery of "grim visaged war" combined. Hence, I advocate the speedy construction of these roads, in order that the meridians which stretch from the equator, north ward to the pole may be bound together by iron parallels of latitude, so strong as to render disruption impossible. Men of Missouri! recent events have wedded you more closely to us of Maryland. Our States have learned to love each other more dearly, be cause of the bloody ordeal through which they have lately been required to pass. We know, now, full well, the value of the Union, and the fear ful results which would flow from its destruction. Having learned our duty in the same severe school, let us swear this night then, when these roads shall have linked the Atlantic to the Pacific, and their iron girders shall have spanned nearly one-eighth of the earth's circumference, they shall never be severed by the division lines of hostile States. (Immense applause.) RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE SENATORIAL PARTY, A meeting of the Senatorial party of Vice-President WADE, was held at the Southern Hotel, on June 15th, 18G7. Hon. B. F. WADE, Chairman. Hon. J. A. J. CRESWELL, Secretary. 35 Ou motion of Hon. Z. CHANDLER, a Committee was appointed to pre pare suitable resolutions. Mr. WADE appointed the following: Hon. Z. ('HANDLER, of Michigan. Hon. T. 0. HOWE, of Wisconsin. General 11. V. N. BOYNTON, of Ohio. Hon. JOHN COVODE, of Pennsylvania. Hon. H. E. PARSONS, of Ohio. General ANSON STAGER, of Ohio. Hon. E,. YATES, of Illinois. U. H. PAINTER, of Pennsylvania. Hon. A. G. CATTELL, New Jersey. Hon. LYMAN TRTJMBULL, Illinois. Mr. CHANDLER, Chairman of the Committee, reported the following Resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : Resolved r , 1. That we highly appreciate and applaud the wisdom, fore sight and courageous persistence of the patriotic men who inaugurated the grand enterprise of the Pacific Railway, and believing that its feasi bility and utility have been already clearly demonstrated, we congratulate them and the country upon the success which has crowned their efforts. 2. That, being fully satisfied of the many advantages attending the location of the road through Kansas, by reason of the inexhaustible fer tility of the soil, the salubrity of the climate, and the industry and intel ligence of its rapidly increasing population, we earnestly recommend it to the cordial support of the Government and the capitalists of the country. 3. That after a personal survey of a part of the country through which the Eastern Division of the Pacific Railway is located, we confidently pre dict that the successful prosecution of that road, will effect the best and most economical solution of the Indian question, by uniting a continuous line of settlements across the continent) and by affording at every station a base of operations for such military movements as may hereafter become necessary. -i. That this railway to the Pacific, by a large reduction in the cost of transportation, will more than repay the Government of the United States for the bonds loaned to aid in its construction, and that the American people require that this road should be completed to the Pacific coast, in the short- tcxt practicable time. 5. That we return our sincere thanks to Win. M. McPhersou, Esq., 36 General Wm. J. Palmer, Judge J. P. Usher, and the other officers and employees of the road, for their kindness and attention to us during the excursion, and especially for the cheerful readiness with which they com municated to us all needful information concerning their road, its work and prospects. 6. That we also acknowledge our indebtedness to the Mayor, City Council and Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, for the generous recep tion and very nattering entertainment given us on the night of our arrival in this city; also to the Pacific Railroad Company, of Missouri, and its offi cers, for special cars furnished to our party and the opportunity afforded us of examining their road, and the fertile and prosperous country through which it runs; and to the Iron Mountain Railroad Company, for its liber ality in placing at our disposal a special train, by which we were enabled to visit Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob. BENJAMIN F. WADE, President. JOHN A. J. CRESWELL, Secretary. ST. Louis, June 15^, 1867. MEETINGS OF EXCURSIONISTS, HELD JUNE 7th and 8th, 1867, AT THE WESTERN END OP THE TRACK OP THE UNION PACIFIC B&ILW&Y, E.D, PROCEEDINGS AT FORT BARKER, OUST JUNE Tth, 1867". From the MISSOURI REPUBLICAN. Hon. H. A. RISLEY, Assistant Solicitor United States Treasury, called the meeting to order, and nominated Hon. SIMON CAMERON, United States Senate, for President, which was unanimously agreed to. The following named officers were then elected : VICE PRESIDENTS. Hon. A. F. STEVENS, New Hampshire, " J. A. NICHOLSON, Delaware, " A. H. LAFLIN, New York, " C. H. VAN WYCK, New York, " B. M. KITCHEN, West Virginia, " C. D. HUBBARD, ' J. L. THOMAS, Maryland, " G. S. ORTH, Indiana, Major General HANCOCK, U. S. A., General HAINES, U. S. A., " HAZEN, U. S. A., " DONALDSON, U. S. A., Hon. G. W. MORGAN, Ohio, " J. B. HENDERSON, Missouri, " MR. NEWCOMB, " W. E. NIBLACK, Indiana. SECRETARIES. ALEXANDER K. PEDRICK, of Pennsylvania, C. C. FULTON, of Maryland. 40 CHAS. H. ROGERS, President of the Tradesmen's Bank, Philadelphia, moved the appointment of a Committee to draft resolutions expressive of the views of the excursionists. The motion was agreed to. The following Committee was appointed, viz : CHAS. H. ROGERS, Pennsylvania, TV. TV. TAYLOR, President National Bank, Baltimore, J. B. LIPPINCOTT, Pennsylvania, FRED. SCHLEY, Maryland, Colonel J. E. SCHLEY, Maryland, CYRUS YALE, New Orleans, Hon. FRANK JORDAN, Secretary of State, Pennsylvania. During the absence of the Committee to prepare resolutions, the Presi dent, Hon. SIMON CAMERON, spoke as follows: SPEECH OF SENATOR CAMERON, OF PENNSYLVANIA. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : For the last four or five days we have been traveling through a country so magnificent, passing through Missouri and Kansas, that I scarcely know how to speak in terms strong enough, of this Western country. TVe are now about fifteen hundred miles from the At lantic Ocean, and for some days we have been passing through what used to be called the Far West; so far, indeed, that within the last few years, this region, now so full of the evidences of mighty progress, was consid ered far beyond the limits of civilization only fit for the home of the savage Indian, and his proper companion, the wild buffalo. And yet, here we have come over an excellent railroad, in the same cars in which we started from the banks of the Delaware, almost within hearing of the sound of the waves of the Eastern Ocean. We have traveled through this long distance scarcely aware that we have left our homes. Every where we have been welcomed by the evidences of the most refined civil ization, and entertained with the most lavish hospitality. We have slept well and regularly; we have dined at tables, furnished not only with deli cious viands, equal to the best hotel tables of the East, but replete with every kind of luxury, and served to us in the most inviting forms. The cities which we have seen, some of them the growth of weeks only, are crowded with business, and so bear the marks of years of industry, under the magic of enterprise and self-reliance. When we return to our homes, and tell of what we have seen, we shall be told that we have as serted the traveler's privilege, and drawn on our imagination for our facts. 41 All this wonderful prosperity I ascribe, first, to our Republican institu tions, which allow all to choose their own destinies; and next, to the unpar alleled fertility of your soil. The State of Missouri, which we have left behind us, has before her such a future as the brightest imagination cannot picture. Just relieved of the incubus of slavery, her fertile soil, her extraordinary mineral re sources, and her genial climate, and her commanding geographical position, will attract, is now attracting, to her a population of intelligent and adven turous men, who will place her at once in the first rank with the most opulent States of our Union. And, in passing, I desire to say to men of capital, that no safer or more profitable investment can be made than in her advancement and in her obligations. No where else can larger re wards await investments, nor can any State offer greater certainty to her public creditors. Freemen never become repudiators when they are able to pay, and with such a soil and climate, men of industry and thrift never remain poor. We are now in the State of Kansas. We will say it contains about two hundred thousand inhabitants We have traveled nearly across it, and we have scarcely seen an acre of land which was not capable of culti vation, and of producing as abundantly as land in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, where over two hundred dollars is paid for an acre of land, and where every owner of a farm is the possessor of a fortune. This soil which I have passed over, far surpasses anything we have in the Eastern States. It is not broken by rocky mountains, but is everywhere cultivable. The very hills from which we saw those veins of limestone cropping out, contain just what is required to make the habitations of man beautiful and luxuriant. Imagine quarries of more than a hundred miles in extent, upon a slight acclivity, and in sight of the railroad, containing stone only equalled in beauty by the purest marble, cropping out in full view of the passer-by, so soft when taken from its bed, that it can be fashioned into any shape by the saw, and yet, by exposure, becoming as hard as granite; does not this appear to be given to you by an All-wise and beneficent Providence, to compensate for the absence of timber on the fertile plains below? Kansas has a territory extending four hundred miles in length, from east to west; and two hundred and fifty miles in width from north to south. Have I over-stated your probable future, when I say that you will at some future day, not very far distant, contain a population une- qualed by any similar portion of Europe or America? Think for a mo ment, that the great Pacific Ilailroad will traverse your State from its eastern to its western border, carrying not only the product of the teem ing region between the Atlantic and the Pacific, but bringing through 42 this State the wealth of China, Japan and distant India on its way to the markets of the world. If you still doubt, look to the region South of Kansas, containing hundreds of thousands of square miles,^n which the productions of the tropics are grown; then turn your eyes to the north ward, where the incalculable wealth, consisting of precious minerals, must be brought to your doors, and so stimulate the enterprise, and increase the wealth of your great State. if;***********:}; I have only to add, that I have been highly gratified at witnessing the manner in which the Pacific Railroad has progressed. I have been pleased with the energy which has actuated its managers. To Mr. Perry, its President, whose public spirit and courage in investing his private for tune; to the energy of its directors, and to their excellent Superintendent, Mr. Shoemaker, whose ability is not surpassed by any man in our railroad enterprise, does this great work mainly owe its amazing progress. I profess to have some knowledge of railroad affairs, and coming here with a wish to see the great road built in the shortest possible period, I could scarcely believe that such progress was being made as the news papers chronicled; nevertheless, I have seen it fully verified, and I have witnessed one of the most wonderful feats performed in the history of commerce. In my public capacity, I shall continue to be the warm friend of this road, and I shall not stop at that, for I will extend the largest measure of assistance to that other road on your northern side, which is being so rapidly pushed to completion. In my judgment, formed after an examination of the geography of this continent, this road, on which we now stand, will diverge to the south ward, and strike the Colorado at or about Albuquerque, and so pass down to the Gulf of California, reaching the Pacific in the region of San Diego. By this route, I am informed lighter grades will be required, a milder climate will be met, and obstructions from snow be less frequent. In ad dition to this, such a line will form the back-bone or main stem, for a great number of roads running from the North to the South, to accommo date the traffic of that immense region on either side of it. And when all this is done, it will be found that your two lines to the Pacific will be inadequate to the enormous trade which will seek the Atlantic over their lines. True to that which I conceive to be my duty, I shall always be found ready to afford the greatest protection to manufacturing, and the largest facilities to commerce and agriculture, believing, as I firmly do, that each depends on the other, and so intimately, that if we permit either of these vast interests to suffer, we injure the other in equal ratio, and must endure the penalty of our folly. 43 I recognize in this improvement a work which will benefit all three : and I shall continue to extend the public aid to every railroad to the Pa cific. I can conceive of nothing so properly entitled to the fostering care of our Government. In building these roads, we quicken agriculture by creating markets; awaken manufactures when they scarcely exist, and we increase the ever widening and deepening stream of commerce which builds cities like magic in our land. Trusting that we may all meet four years hence at St. Louis, to make a trip to San Francisco, by rail all the way, I now give way to enable other gentlemen to address you on the subject in hand, as it strikes their obser vation. RESOLUTIONS. Mr. FREDERICK SCHLEY, on behalf of the Committee on Resolutions; presented the following Preamble and Resolutions, viz : WHEREAS, An excursion party from the States of New York, Penn sylvania, New Hampshire, Maryland, District of Columbia, Ohio, Indiana,. Illinois, Missouri, West Virginia, Michigan, and Kansas, has this day reached Fort Harker, Kansas, a point on the Union Pacific Railway, East ern Division, 1525 miles west of the Atlantic Ocean, on the direct route to California, and the shores of the Pacific, and now desire to give expres sion to their views in regard to the Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, and the courtesies which they have received in the West; and, WHEREAS, they realize as their own belief, and that of the American people, that our mission extends, as a nation, not only to the promotion of liberty, fraternity and equality, but to the encouragement of great works of art, which shall be as enduring as our national fame, and which shall bind together by the strong ties of commercial interest, the cities on the shores of two widely separated Oceans; and, WHEREAS, Foremost among these works is a Pacific Railway, a project bold and daring in its inception, and worthy of a people whose enterprise has already studded the mountains and plains of a continent with the evi dences of national prosperity. Therefore, we, the excursionists, assembled at a point almost in the centre of the American continent, have Resolved, That, as guests of the Union Railway Company, Eastern Di vision, having traveled over fifteen hundred miles in the same cars, with every possible comfort, receiving a generous hospitality, and enjoying a constant succession of agreeable and instructive incidents, we hereby tender our acknowledgments to the President, Directors, Ofiicers and 44 Agents of the Company, for the rare opportunity, the liberal provisions for our comfort, and all the realizations of this remarkable journey from the seaboard almost to the base of the Rocky Mountains. Resolved, That we congratulate the President and Managers of the Eastern Division of the Pacific Railway, upon the rapid and substantial progress of their work, a miracle of labor, art and capital, and a splendid monument of their energy and enterprise, and that we congratulate the nation upon the prospect of an early completion of this magnificent avenue of commerce , which promises so much for the rapid settlement of an almost boundless domain for enlarging the field of labor and production, and which will be at all seasons of such immeasurable value and importance to our country in times of war and of peace. Resolved, That we commend to the fostering care of the Government and the people of the United States, this great undertaking as one that will ma terially promote the development of the mineral, agricultural and commer cial resources of the extreme Western States and Territories, and as a great highway between the Oceans, believing that it will add immeasurably to the wealth and prosperity of the nation, to provide the necessary aid for its early completion. Resolved, That our acknowledgments are also due to the citizens of St. Louis, Leavenworth, Lawrence, Topeka, Salina, Junction City, Kansas City, Hermann, and the various cities and towns on our way, and to Gen eral Hancock, U. S. A., commanding the Department of Missouri, and his associate officers on the line of the Pacific Railway, for civilities and cour tesies gracefully and generously bestowed, which lent additional charm to our journey, and will be long remembered. Resolved, That our thanks are tendered to the officers of the Pennsyl vania Central, Pittsburgh, Columbus & Cincinnati, Columbus & Indian apolis, Terre Haute & Indianapolis, St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute, and the Pacific and Missouri River Railroads, for facilities and courtesies re ceived on the roads respectively under their supervision, each of them an important link in the lengthened line we have so happily traversed. Hon. W. E. CHANDLER, of Washington, moved the adoption of the Resolutions, and they were unanimously adopted. Hon. BENJ. H. BREWSTER, Attorney General of Pennsylvania, sus tained the Resolutions in an address. Mr. JOHN D. PERRY, President of the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, acknowledged the compliment to the Company. 45 Judge USHER, of Indiana, spoke on behalf of the Company and of the West. The meeting then adjourned to reassemble at a convenient opportunity. PROCEEDINGS AT FORT HARKER, JUNE 8th, From the MISSOURI REPUBLIC AW. After the party had visited the various points of interest at the Fort, it was announced that General Hancock would be called upon for a speech, and in order that he might be heard, the excursionists retired to a little hill on the bank of the river, and were soon seated on its western slope, in regular camp-meeting style. Hon. W. E. NIBLACK, of Indiana, called the party to order, and nomi nated Senator JOHN B. HENDERSON, of Missouri, as President. SPEECH Or SENATOR HENDERSON, OF MISSOURI. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : We assemble here this morning at what we suppose may now be termed the Western end of civilization. Civili zation certainly will follow this road as rapidly as it is completed. During the last week or two, I understand the buffalo might have been seen near here by any of us. Now, we cannot see them, because they are driven away by the whistle of the locomotive. If we go ten or fifteen miles West, we can see them in the greatest numbers. In the course of ten or fifteen days more, they will be driven still further West. The building of this road is a great enterprise, looking to the connection of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; and the purpose of our coming here has been simply to see how Mr. Perry is getting along with this work. We want to see whether he has discharged his duty to the Government. We want to see precisely whether it is advisable to aid him any further by the Govern ment. That is my object, and I believe that it is the object of all. Now, 46 fellow-citizens, I live West of the Mississippi river, and as Colonel Benton used to say, "on tlie sunset side of the Father of Waters," and it is not for me to make speeches. You, gentlemen, that are from the east of that river, are our guests, and we are your hosts, and it would be improper for me to make a speech at all until you have been heard. Fellow-citizens, I will call upon General Hancock to address you. [Cheers.] It matters not where General Hancock lives. It makes no difference whether East or West, he belongs to the great Republic. [Cheers.] He is one of those men who are at home everywhere, in every locality, and in every State. If I am in Missouri, I would say he is a citizen of Missouri; if I am in New York, I would say he is a citizen of New York; but being away out among the buffalo, I will say that Gen eral Hancock belongs to the Western part of Kansas. I now introduce to you Major General W. S. Hancock. SPEECH OF GENERAL HANCOCK. In the presence of so many ladies, I do not propose to make a speech, while there are so many here that have the ability to make a speech, and to entertain every lady and gentleman here assembled much better than I can pretend to; but I do feel it a privilege to be able to welcome you here to the confines of the land of the buffalo and of the wild Indian. It has been but a few days since that the buffalo were right here in sight of the post. This may never occur again. It has been but a year or so that a careless soldier was scalped by Indians, on the bank of the little stream where you encamped last night. This will never occur again. This great railroad brings civilization with it. It has brought civilization here. Such has been the result, and as it goes West it will continue to carry civilization along with it, so that when the Rocky Mountains are reached, the wild Indian and the buffalo will have passed away. It is necessary, however, for the safety of these great roads, that the Indians should be prevented from committing depredations upon them. The young men who cannot be controlled by their chiefs, will commit these depredations if not restrained or prevented. It may be a hard thing to say, that the Indian should be driven from his hunting grounds, but we cannot help it; we cannot stop the march of civilization; it must proceed, the Indian must be placed on reservations and kept there, that people may travel from this post across the plains in safety, and without hourly expecting to be at tacked and perhaps killed. This is a great enterprise which you are here to-day to see, but if the present system goes on if we allow these Indians to live upon this line 47 of railroad, to make raids upon it from time to time, one half of them will interfere with your progress; but it is possible to prevent them from doing this, and also, to prevent them from extermination. The Government must take wise measures to protect these Indians, and to prevent them from making encroachments. Every man who takes his family out upon the plains, feels that he has a right to go there, and to feel that himself and his wife and children are safe; and when they are not safe from being scalped, he feels that he hcis the right to demand that Government should protect him and his family, and should punish the Indians, even to exter mination, if necessary, for the crimes committed by them. We all know that such is the feeling, and we cannot prevent it. "We should take the Indian and save him from extermination; place him upon a reservation and give him the elements of civilization, and cause him to live as the people of this great country do, and not to be an obstacle in the march of civilization. It is necessary that this country should have a railroad to the Pacific, and if we can have two, surely it would be better than one; but let not the wild Indian be the barrier that shall separate the Atlantic from the Pacific. [Cheers.] The Chairman next introduced Hon. C. D. Hubbard, M.C., from West Virginia. SPEECH OF HON. C. D. HUBBARD, OF WEST VIRGINIA. FELLOW-CITIZENS OF THE UNION, EEPRESENTATIVES OF THE STATES THAT NOW ARE, AND OF THE STATES THAT ARE YET TO BE: For I verily believe there are in this assembly, many of the representatives of States, which shall yet be organized along this great highway, over which we have been enjoying the present excursion. I know not in what words to answer to the call you have made upon me. Standing, as I do to-day, in the centre of the great Republic of North America, and by consequence in the centre of the world, it were no great stretch of fancy to imagine that we feel the eternal currents of the trade winds; that we hear the restless roar of the Ocean tides; or, that we can behold the grand proces sion of the centuries. We do behold, in reality, the progression of the noblest and the grandest work mankind has ever seen the Union Pacific Railway a work of untold benefit to our country and the world. Mr. Chairman, we have often heard of "Young America/' the young man for whom the world has been waiting these nearly 6,000 years. I am glad to say, sir, the young man is here to-day, and I propose that here, on the virgin soil of this young State, we plant a second garden of Eden, and place this young man in possession, for its culture and development. 48 And the help-meet for this young man, I am proud to say, the young woman, is here, also; [cheers,] and I am satisfied that with fifty-nine centuries experience of sour apples, she will prove no unworthy help-meet in working out the glorious future, which we believe is now dawning on our race. This is the proper place where she should be installed in her true position; here, on the soil of Kansas, where, ere another year, she is to be allowed to take her share, and exercise her right, in the control and power of the Government; thus being restored to that position as signed her by the Creator, when he gave, not him, but "them, dominion over all the earth. " I may be pardoned a brief reference to the State from which I came. I know that the constituents of my friends, Messrs. Orth and Niblack, when they came to our rescue in the dark days of ' 61, used to tell us that "our prairies stood on edge," while our boys could only respond, "So much the better, we can cultivate both sides. " Yet these mountain sides pro duce earnest men, and true women; and I am glad to say, we have a representative man here to-day, in the President of your Railway Company, a man who owes his birth and early manhood to West Virginia, but who has given his mature manhood to Missouri and Kansas, to the whole country and the world; for with his associates, he builds a pathway over which shall yet flow the commerce of the world. All honor to John D. Perry, President of the Union Pacific Railway. [Cheers for Mr, Perry.] This road, Mr. Chairman, will settle the Indian question, the Utah question questions now pressing for solution at the hands of the American people, and will bind together more firmly the Union, saved to humanity at such a terrible cost of blood and treasure. A work, thus involving so much of the nation's welfare, should be considered a national work, and receive a nation's support. It could hardly be expected, that a man, coming as I do, from a land of hills and mountains, should have any adequate conception of the bound less resources of your plains and prairies; but I believe I can appreciate that good feeling and hospitality, which are even more boundless than your prairies. It will not do for this '' goodlie companie" to talk any more of " the good time coming." We shall talk hereafter of that good time we are now enjoying, and our memories will be full of pleasant recol lections while we render our grateful thanks to the earnest men who have planned for us this great enjoyment, and who are doing so much for our common country. SPEECH OF HON. B. H. BREWSTER. MR. PRESIDENT, AND LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: With diffidence and reluctance, I have consented to speak on this occasion. It has been the business of my life for now near thirty years to speak in public, both in the pursuit of my profession and for other purposes of a kindred public nature, but I never felt that I was more out of place, or that I had a task assigned to me that I was less able to accomplish, than that of speaking to this object and before this remarkable assemblage of ladies and gentle men. We have been gathered in from the cities on the sea, from the large inland towns of the Middle and W T estern States, from the great metropolis on the banks of the Father of Waters, from the new cities that have sprung to life in the wilderness as if by the stroke of a necromancer's wand, and here we are in this large tent far out on the plains beyond the geographical centre of the continent, attended by the brave general offi cers and soldiers who have saved our country protected and cheered by our flag, that brilliant symbol of our nation's glory ami renown. Here we are, where one year ago a hurricane of buffaloes enveloped the plains with clouds of dust, and made the earth quake with their fierce charges here we are, after only six day's journey, almost beneath the shadow of the Rocky Mountains, with a gigantic railway marching on to the shores of the Pacific. To speak to you of this enterprise of uniting the two oceans by an iron way, and in so speaking to convey to the minds of a whole people a proper conception of this majestic work, is the object of this meeting. We were brought here to see and then to testify; and this is the first occasion on which we are called to bear witness. Properly to say all that we feel and to describe all that we have seen would hardly be within the power of words. To express the whole train of reflection that these sights have excited would carry us back to those days when America was unknown. We would have to look back beyond 1492 and remember what European civilization was then, and what savage America was then. Reaching that, we shall, step by step, with hurried strides, sweep on to where we now are; see and feel what grand things we have done, and what grander things we are doing when we have thus subdued this wilderness, and created a higher and nobler civilization than Europe ever knew. Our great works are such as these. We boast no conquests over subjugated people or subverted dynasties. We exhibit no decorated capitals or marble palaces, to build which a million peasants starved. We show a continent filled with a happy, prosperous, honest people, and show works of engi- neering the like of which the world never before exhibited in boldness of conception or skill in execution. These public works, after all, are the only true monuments of a nation's career and signalize the national genius. In other countries, and in all ages, they have been constructed by public authority and at vast cost. They commemorated the reigns of great sovereigns, but testified to the subjection of the people. Here private enterprise and bold public spirit prompts individuals to attempt and effect that which in other nations is done by monarchs alone. Companies of heroic adventurers in free commonwealths have oftentimes perfected that which the treasury of an empire could not have achieved. Think for a moment of the great commercial enterprises, vast manufactories, and stu pendous public works that have made England all that she is, and remem ber that they were all made by private citizens, stimulated by a bold spirit and a sense of public duty. It made England a glowing planet in a sky filled with glimmering nationalities. It was because her institutions were of the nature of a free commonwealth and because her laws acknowledged individual right, above all royal or aristocratic privileges, and thus stimu lated the subject to deeds of more than royal dignity or noble daring. While I thus casually invite your reflections to this train of thought, let us not leave it, but look still further back look to the free commonwealths of the great past: look to Athens in her glory, intellectual and political; look to Carthage : look to Rome : look to Venice and Genoa : look to the free cities of the continent in the Middle Ages; look to Holland, that rose from the sea and crowned herself with jewels, "the wealth of Ormus or of Ind," the result of her free institutions and her free spirit, that fostered individual enterprise and protected individual gains; and then let us look at our glory and our grandeur, and say if all these things were not the fruit of free institutions, that recognized and protected liberty of con science, the right of private judgment, and freedom of speech. All history in the past, as well as our grand example, cries out, Yes! yes ! All this has been given, and more will be added in the great future that lies before such a people. Now let me here, in this rambling and desul tory fashion, follow these thoughts in another direction. I have said that these great works are the only monuments of a nation's history, and are typical of its genius. Are they not also the only living evidence handed to posterity of its civilization ? Let us think for a minute of Egypt, with her Pyramids, of which the great Napoleon said, with inspiring words : u Soldiers, from the top of yon Pyramids forty centuries look down upon you," and Jerusalem, with her majestic temple to the great Jehovah, Athens, with her Parthenon and her statuary, almost divine in its beauty and force of expression, and her sublime works of architecture, beyond which the skill of all succeeding generations has never gone nor ever will go, and her great works of public usefulness : China, with her stupen dous wall and her vast canals; Babylon, the city of the plains, the city of Semiramis and of Nitocris, with her enormous defences, her immense wall with its hundred brazen gates, and its mighty rivers flowing through it, controlled and directed by superhuman engineering skill her temple of Belus, her sumptuous palaces, her hanging gardens, in all their fabu lous luxury and splendor; India, with her huge, mysterious temples and her vast palaces, grotesque and florid with their Oriental grandeur ; Rome, with her temples, her columns, her Capitol, her majestic ways stretching out, as our ways stretch out, into the savage wilds ; her aqueducts, her Coliseum, and her theatres; Gothic Europe, rising from the night of Gothic desolation, humanized by the superhuman and mysterious power of Christian faith, and leaving as the trace of its only thoughts the insti tutions of feudality and the sublime cathedrals and minsters that to this day astound all beholders, and which men can hardly imitate, and never can improve or excel. The first evidence of modern civilization after these grand pietistic achievements of a race of awakened savages, inspired by the sublime power of a divine faith, were the canals of France and Italy the works of architecture and art that make glorious Rome not Rome of the Empire and Conquest, but Rome of the Holy Church of Christianity, And Holland not the Batavians and the brutish inhabi tants of her fens, but the Christianized bold thinkers of her heroic Church, faithful to God and lovers of liberty Holland, herself a country every inch of which was rescued from the sea by stupendous works of engineering skill. Think, too, of the remnants of architecture that lie scattered in the far off wildernesses of South and Central America, and the works with which Mexico was adorned when Cortez invaded it with his brutal soldiery, and the huge temples that towered in majestic grandeur when Pizarro, with his handful of adventurers, cast down the idol of the Inca and exalted the cross. Think of all this, and we must say that so it is that nations only perpetuate their names. They give us these works and monuments; facts that testify to their being and their thinking. All else is tradition and conjecture. Let us, then, hope that we shall continue as we began, with temples to God, erected by wealth, with works of public usefulness constructed by private enterprise and with private means, but fostered by liberal public donations. In the beginning, here, the States were obliged to embark in these works, but even then, when the necessities of a young people required the power of the State to con struct them even then they led to serious and dangerous abuses, and with the wisdom that characterizes the practical working of free insti tutions, they were abandoned, and the State only intervened to encourage and protect, as the Government should intervene here to encourage by generous donation to aid this stupendous work. Our great enterprises cover the face of our nation : our coast is studded with safe harbors, where natural advantages have been improved by science and art: our inland rivers have been made navigable ; canals connect streams and open ways to market; railroads leap our valleys, and pierce our mountains, and bind us with bands of iron. We would have been long since divided in dis cord had it not been for their facilities and for their social influence. Here I will venture to affirm that had we not been connected by these iron ways we never could have overcome the late wicked and bloody re bellion. By these iron links we were united in the bonds of affection, and association the descendants of the emigrants to the West and the people of their fathers in the East. Thus were they kept together in one common cause more strongly because they were bound by the sympathies of a common pedigree. Iron ways prevented isolation; iron ways invited intercourse; iron ways gave facilities for commercial, social and political community of feeling and thought, and that made the East, the North, the Middle, and the West, as one people to subdue a rebellious and stiff-necked generation, who had with fierce impiety raised their bloody hands against the life of our common country. It was the old fight of the Puritan and the Cavalier. The South, filled with another race of men men descended from the followers of Charles and his kingly tyrannies, and believers in Hobbes and Sir Robert Filmer and their despotic doctrines the South, that kept alive a bondage more cruel than the Spartan helots or Roman-Saxon serfdom or slavery, the vassalage of feudality the South, gay, prodigal, luxurious, cruel, and tyrannical the South made one last effort on this continent to regain that which the Cavalier had lost at Marston Moor, now two centuries gone the supremacy of caste and the degradation and subjugation of labor. The North, peopled by Puritans and by Reformers from Germany and persecuted men from Ireland, true to the instincts of their lineage and the traditions of their ancestors, stood by liberty and law, and en forced obedience to the latter, that it might for the dignity of the human race transmit the former to a world of freemen and to millions yet unborn. This great victory, under God's Providence, we owe to the civilizing, in fluence of our commercial and social relations, kept alive and made strong by those vast iron ways that bound us together. May we not rather say that it was we of the North and West who were civilized and elevated by the political and social principles of equality and justice, of religious liberty and civil liberty, and that one of the first results of those princi ples was to instigate these works that represent our genius as they have helped to make our history illustrious ? For a long while in this careless way can we go on thinking and speculating over these inviting subjects of recollection and reflection; but I must pause, and here end my discourse. Before I do that, let me ask you now to think not of the past but of the future to think of what will be the result of this majestic and almost superhuman enterprise. What will this Pacific Railway do for us as a people, and as the missionaries and propagandists of free institutions? What will it do for our wealth and prosperity? What will it do to spread the blessings of comfort and relieve the fierce fight that men have to make to earn a mere subsistence to lift the laborer above the grade of a social slave to the level of a freemen ? We are on our way to India. Think of it. Think of how all nations have struggled to reach that far-off" treasury of wealth. From the remotest antiquity the then great warriors went in their bloody track of conquest and rapine. Alexander the Great and his hosts, with the Macedonian phalanx, went there; the Roman co horts and their eagles spread far, far away in the march to India. The Crusaders were but another symptom of that same desire to possess the wealth and luxuries of the East for the impoverished West; and Venice, and Genoa, and all of the large cities of Germany that rose up in the Middle Ages, were enriched by the very drippings of the caravans that toiled from the far-off India over those warlike regions in those dark and troublous days. The search for the way to India led Yasco de Gama around the Cape of Good Hope, and raised an insignificant people, the Portuguese, to the first commercial rank in Europe, and made Goa and Lisbon centres of commercial wealth and financial power. Holland, too, from poverty became a treasury of riches. England owes all of her mo dern power, and all of her untold millions of gold, and all of her miracu lous commercial supremacy to the possession of "turbaned India with her jewelled front." Russia, from a wild race of barbarous Tartars, without outlet to the sea, has become a mighty empire, advancing in wealth and civilization, and all because of her direct connection with Oriental com merce. "Whoever possesses the road to India, possesses the commerce of India, and holds the wealth of the world at its command. France felt this to be so, and she once ruled from the river Kistna to Cape Comorin, and, in her name, Duplex reigned there with the wealth and power of a potentate. She intrigued and she fought for it, and she lost it with Pondicherry, when the genius of Clive rose triumphant, and for it she sent Napoleon to Egypt. Russia feels it, and she marches on to Constantinople. France still feels it, and she strives for power in Egypt to this day, and constructs her canal on the Isthmus. We know it, and we open intercourse with Japan. We make treaties with China, and we make this iron track over our own continent to the Pacific Ocean, across which our own steamers will yet bear to us the accumulated wealth of ages, and we will distribute to Europe the spices, and the gems, the perfumes, and the potent drugs of that marvelous and mysterious treasury of God's greatest and rarest gifts. We will adorn your ladies with these trophies of our commercial enterprise. We will lay at your feet these brilliant jewels, these luxurious fabrics of silk, and wool, and cotton; these brocades these priceless shawls these delicate fabrics of cotton of fairy-like fineness and beauty. We will make your dwellings aromatic with the sweet perfumes of their flowers and their scented woods. All these we will bring to you, and the daughters of America shall be clothed as queens even were not; and shall, to the beauty of their persons, the refinement and graces of their educa tion, add the elegancies of attire that have before this been the mono polized privilege of the wealthy and titled few. Again I say, whoever possesses the way to India, possessess the commercial wealth of the world ; and here we have it, and, with the blessing of God, let us keep it and use it, and not abuse it. Let us do all that we can to aid this great instru ment of civilization; for I hold that all of our resources must be thus applied to elevate, refine, embellish life, and exalt and humanize the race. They must be for the public good, and not for private aggrandizement; for the true philosophy of our political creed is to distribute wealth so as to improve and exalt the whole, not to accumulate fortunes, to enervate the few, and debase and impoverish the many. Before I shall be done, permit me to thank you for your kind attention; and as I shall soon say good-bye and start on my way East before the rest of you, let me also add how happy I have been in you gracious and courteous society. Here we are gathered in from all parts, strangers to each other, traveling together by night and by day for a week, and yet not one incident has occurred to disturb the harmony and happiness of this large party. Where could this have happened but in this country and with this people? We owe it to our civilization that we dare thus to invite persons from all occupa tions of life, and feel asured that there will be but one grade, and that grade the grade of lady and gentlemen. Ladies, adieu; from you I have received such never-ceasing evidence of courtesy and refined acceptance that I feel touched at the thought that I must now say adieu, and perhaps forever. To you we owe all that has given a grace to this adventure. You have been its light and its joy, as you are the darlings of our hearts and our homes. Gentlemen, let us reverence and honor and love woman. She is our mother, our wife, our daughter, our sister, our pretty cousin, and our sweetheart. God bless her ! Adieu, ladies. Adieu, gentlemen. May we meet again, but if we do not we will each cherish the happy recollection of joyful, innocent days spent on the Plains of our mighty country, cheering this work and testifying to the success of the greatest enterprise of the age the opening of the highway to India. 49 SPEECH OF HON. G. S. ORTH, M.C., OF INDIANA. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : We have reached the western limit of our excursion, and will soon retrace our footsteps. To say that thus far we have been exceedingly gratified, is but a feeble expression of the senti ment which I feel satisfied pervades the breast of every one within the sound of my voice. We are indebted to the generous hospitality of Mr. Perry, the ener getic President of this road, and to those associated with him, for the opportunity of visiting these new and interesting, and hitherto almost unexplored regions. We have been furnished with every convenience which could contribute to our comfort, and every facility for our intelli gent appreciation of the country through which we have passed, as also the importance of this great work in which the nation is so deeply interested, and to the completion of which, its faith is so solemnly pledged. (Applause.) So rapidly have we passed from the more densely populated portions of our country; from its cities teeming with all the evidences of advanced civilization; from its rivers and its railroads, busy with the travel and the commerce of millions of our countrymen, to this edge of the "American Desert;" and so new and varied has been our experience, like the shifting scenes of a beautiful panorama, that our minds are almost bewildered, while our hearts are full of the emotions that all this, too, is part and parcel of "our own, our native land." Standing under the shadow of Fort Harker, from whose battlements floats the glorious standard of the free; surrounded by brave officers and men, soldiers of the great Republic, who periled life that the nation might live; in the very heart of the continent, (cheers), with ladies and gentle men from at least one-half of the States of our Union there is everything in the contemplation of the past, the present and the future, to inspire love of country and renewed devotion to the cause of universal freedom and humanity. (Long continued applause.) Where we stand to-day, the Indian and the buffalo but a few days ago held undisputed sway, while the not distant morrow will witness their departure to wilder scenes and more inaccessible recesses. Our good "Uncle Sam" has come here, and he brings with him science and civilization, and he intends to plant permanently a part of his great family; for he is now founding empires, and his mission will not be ful filled on this continent until every foot of its soil will acknowledge his dominion and his power. (Applause.) Less than twenty years ago, the project of a railroad uniting the Atlan tic with the Pacific was regarded by our most practical business men as 50 chimerical, while to-day we look with amazement, even in this fast age, when scarcely anything amazes us, upon the rapidity with which this great work approaches completion. The Pacific Railroad has become a political necessity, and our Government, even if such a thought were harbored, cannot now recede from lending such material aid as will, under wise and judicious management, accomplish its completion at the earliest practicable period. Our vast possessions on the Pacific coast including that valuable do main recently acquired from Russia our territorial interests, stretching from the British possessions on the north to the Republic of Mexico on the south the peopling of these territories and the development of their untold mineral wealth; this vast inland commerce "the commerce of the plains," already greater than that of many of the older nations of the world whose " wagon covers" now whiten these prairies, and soon destined to be increased a thousand fold, all, all demand the speedy com pletion of this road. And when you add to these considerations the trade of the great East, of Japan, of Asia, of the rich isles of the Pacific, which will seek a market over this route, you have opened to you results which the wildest imagination can hardly grasp. The progress and completion of this work will also tend to solve politi cal problems which have troubled, and do yet trouble, the wisest states manship. The Territory of Utah, with its one hundred thousand deluded human beings with its mis-named religion, a shame and a blot upon our fair name will be pierced and crossed by the Pacific Railroad, bringing in its train and scattering along its track a hardy, vigorous, self-reliant people, who by their influence and example will dispel the delusion of the many, and destroy the power of priestcraft wielded by the few, anji thus the cause of Mormonisrn, which now alike defies the authority of the law and outrages the moral sense of the Christian world, will disappear, to be remembered only as among the disagreeable and disgusting things of the past. The wild Indian, who stands in the pathway of civilization, must adopt the habits and pursuits of civilized life, or cease to exist. These vast and beautiful fertile plains can no longer remain mere waste places, on which the savage is to indulge his slothful ease, or gratify his baser passions; these plains are part of God's footstool, and subject to the divine com mand to man "to replenish it and subdue it." These plains and valleys and yonder mountain sides are to be the abodes of industry, of law and order, and of science and civilization. They are to be dotted over with happy homes, teeming fields and busy marts of commerce. This wilderness shall soon blossom as the rose and the days 51 of war-whoop and scalpiug-knife, of Indian treaties, broken as rapidly as made; the days of illicit Indian traffic, of swindling Indian agents and agencies, of civilized robbers and barbaric murder, shall cease, and every good man will say Amen ! (Loud applause.) Another equally interesting problem will be materially affected by the completion of this road. I refer to the future of Mexico. Our neigh boring Republic has been wasted for years with intestine broils, the sport of daily "pronunciamentos." and the concomitant brigandage, and is now heroically struggling against the establishment of a despotism which European monarchists are vainly endeavoring to force upon her people. By these dissensions and wars the energies of her people have become paralyzed and their property ruined and destroyed. Nature has blessed that country with a superabundance of her choicest gifts, with climate and soil and mineral wealth far above that of almost any other nation. For the enjoyment of these bounties the Mexican people require a stable government. They need rest. Peace is their great want. And with peace will come law and order and safety, and the development of her vast mineral and agricultural resources. With peace, she will be able to contribute her portion to the world's wealth and the world's prosperity. A stronger alliance with our government and a more extended commerce with our people will do much to bring this result. The Mexican Repub lic is our neighbor, and we are deeply interested in her existence and her prosperity. We must see to it that no European agency shall be permit ted to rob her people, despoil her fair fields, or change her Republican form of Government. (Applause.) In view of these facts so hastily glanced at and so imperfectly brought to view I submit to you, Mr. Perry, as President of the East ern Division of the Pacific Railroad, whether you are not about reaching that point in your route when a Southern detour becomes necessary? Should you not at once reach out the iron arm of your road and grasp the rich valleys of the Rio Grande and its tributaries ? Should you not furnish an artery for the vast commerce of Northern Mexico, an outlet for her mineral wealth, which equals in richness the best veins of Nevada and Montana? And not only an outlet for Mexico and Mexican products, but as a necessary consequence a market, rich and profitable, for the products of American skill, energy and industry. (Ap plause.) But I shall detain this audience no longer there are others here bet ter qualified than myself to interest and instruct you upon this occasion. (Long continued applause.) 52 SPEECH OF HON. W. E. NIBLACK, OF INDIANA. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : Of course I could not decline appearing before you to-day in response to the call of our distinguished Chairman. I can say with truth, that I came, upon this occasion, to see and to ob serve, and without any thought of being called out to talk for the attempted edification of others. There are many things connected with this excur sion of peculiar interest to me; there are many things connected with the State of Kansas, in which we now are, which recall to me the scenes of other days. When I first entered the Congress of the United States, now near ten years since, Kansas was the theme of almost every tongue, and, practically, absorbed all other questions. I was frequently called upon to vote on different phases of her political affairs; and, finally, had the honor of voting to make her one of the States of this Union. [Cheers.] I am one of a very few members of the present Congress, who can claim this honor; most of those who participated in her admission, have either retired from public life, or been swept down by the swift course of mighty events which have since intervened. I confess, therefore, that it was with some emotion that I entered the borders of this State the other day ; for the first time in my life, and looked out upon her broad plains and fertile prairies. As much as I have heard said and seen written con cerning these, I was not quite prepared to see such beautiful scenery and so grand a country. Had I the power of painting scenery, as only a master hand can paint it, I ieel that I still could not make a picture so beautiful as much that I have seen. The grandeur would, at least, be wanting. I shall return, as I doubt not others will, who live East of the Missis sippi, with impressions as to the scenery and country now around us, which will never be effaced. I shall return, too, under the impression that the Eastern Division of the great Union Pacific Railroad is in the possession of the right men, and that each man is in his right place. [Cheers.] I will ever bear with me the kindest recollections of the cour tesies and hospitalities, which have been so profusely extended to us. What I have seen of the country West of the Mississippi, has more than ever impressed me with the practicability of reaching the Pacific Ocean by railroad, and with the grandeur of the enterprise. From its geo graphical location, if for no other reason, the Eastern Division of this great work, must ever be a favorite route with those amongst whom I live. Come what will, then, I don't want to see it fail. [Cheers.] Whatever therefore, I can, in conscience and honor, do to forward it, I will, I hope, feel ever ready to do. [Cheers,] Of course I do not desire to see this 53 road pressed forward in any way that shall be injurious to other routes. I wish to see the Government extend a fostering hand, to the extent of its ability and power, to all kindred enterprises. There is room for many routes to the Pacific, and there is little danger, I imagine, that too many will be constructed. If I shall live to see the day when this road is completed, I am quite sure that no ordinary emergency would induce me to decline an invitation for another and more grand excursion to the Pacific coast. If I shall not have the honor of an invitation on that occasion, then I shall desire the privilege of buying a ticket; for I shall feel inclined to go in some way that shall be agreeable. [Laughter and cheers.] SPEECH OF HON. A. H. STEVENS, M.C., OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. I do not know, Mr. Chairman, how I can do justice to this occasion and this presence in a speech of five minutes. Such a space, sir, furnishes us with scarce time for personal compliments, much less for the expression of those sentiments which this successful trip to the heart of the Continent naturally awakens in the minds of all. I shall not attempt it, sir. if I could emulate the Western eloquence to which we have just listened, I might essay the trial, though animated only by the cold and frigid spirit of that distant North from which I come. But something is due from me in response to your call upon Eastern men. Yes, sir, there are due from me, (and they are most heartily and sincerely yielded,) my thanks to the gentlemen to whom we are all indebted for the uninterrupted pleasure and enjoyment which have waited on us during this long and rapid jour ney of nearly two thousand miles. I thank them, one and all, for myself and mine. May the enterprise to which they are devoted be cherished and prospered, and its early completion bring them honor and wealth. I have alluded to what Western eloquence can accomplish, and these, our liberal and hospitable friends have taught us what wonders Western enterprise, under the fostering hand of a generous Government, can perfom. And while teaching us this new and strange lesson, our path to knowledge has been one of continued pleasure and recreation. The ever-active spirit of care and anxiety for our wants, aye, sir, and for our comfort, and luxury even, the security of travel, the wide and varied expanse of territory which has greeted our flying career, the fertility and grandeur of these States of our common country, now free, and forever hereafter devoted to freedom, with the presence of those in whose absence our progress would have been a prairie without flowers, all stand in one grand picture, whose very diversity is its harmony, and the lights of which will awaken memo ries of this excursion in all future years 54 Mr. Chairman, I possess no language in which to express my surprise and delight with the scenes through which we have flown in our progress from the sea, and by which we are surrounded to-day. Such scenes can never fail to impress most vividly the feelings and imaginations of those who visit for the first time the fertile fields, the teeming cities and the boundless prairies of the great West. In my own little but gallant State, we are accustomed to boast of natural wonders, which attract and repay the distant traveler; and yet for myself I must say that I do not believe that I should be penetrated by greater astonishment than has been awakened in my mind by this grand proscenium of the continent over which our progress has led us, if on my return I should find the face of the "Old Man of the Mountains" wreathed in smiles, or behold Mount Washington nodding his imperial head in stately courtesy to these expansive prairies. I owe the pleasure of this trip to the call of personal friendship and the curiosity of travel. But I feel, sir,, that it has not been without its prac tical lesson, or its real benefits. And here, sir, on the very centre of the continent, on the historic soil of Kansas with what a price has she pur chased her liberty I am free to say that I recognise the utility, yes sir, the future necessity, of uniting the shores of the Atlantic with those of the great Peaceful Sea, and binding together the industrial East with the Golden Grates of California, by those iron bands which in the future are to bear the burden of a mighty commerce in its transit across the continent. Against all obstacles this great enterprise, this magnificent scheme, must go forward to its completion. I shall be glad to lend my personal and offi cial aid to this great work. I hope it is not now to be interrupted by war. I trust the rising cloud of Indian hostilities will prove a cloud only. Be that as it may, this work must go forward. While the peaceful Indian can rest in security side by side with our own race, the warlike savage, the wild and untamed and untamable Indian, must retire before the ad vancing tread of cultivation. New England found that out two hundred years ago. Let the rest profit by our history, let the country mark our example, and promptly and speedily the barbarities of the Indian and the sensuality of the Mormon, shall give way to the progress of civiliza tion, commerce and Christianity. SPEECH OF HON. A. H. LAFLIN, OF NEW YORK. MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: I feel a personal pride in the success which has crowned the efforts of this great Pacific Rail way. Coming, as I do, from the State containing within its borders the 55 largest number of people in any of the glorious States of this great Union a State represented by a wealth and a commerce of which we may be justly proud; a State which has felt, from its very infancy, the force and effect of the prosperity of the section of country beyond it, at the West, and a State, too, which has somewhat distinguished itself by its works of internal improvement I may say that, coming from that State, I feel that all the States beyond us, at the West, and all the improvements which have developed in them, are part and parcel of our own system. When we remember that it is almost within the lifetime of some of those who are before us, that the mighty Empire State, now numbering within its borders four millions of people, had a population little exceeding the present population of the territory which now constitutes the State of Kansas which, twelve years ago, was an unknown wilderness we are astonished at the progress which our country has made. And when we bear in mind that in a few more years this State of Kansas, containing within its borders more than double the number of square miles of the great State of New York, and possessing far more of the elements of agri cultural wealth, will also count its million of inhabitants, the imagina tion is lost in wonder at the teeming millions of prosperous people who will occupy our Great Republic of America, through the heart of which we have passed on this journey. Indeed, there are persons with us, young it may be, who will scarcely arrive at the age of the majority of us, who will see, occupying this immense territory of the United States, a population nearly equal to one-twelfth of the whole population of the globe. And is it not a matter of pride, should it not be a matter of con gratulation, that those who are the pioneers, those who are to lead on ward the tide of immigration and of population which is bearing West ward, are men of such enterprise, men of such public spirit, and, as we can all testify, men of such eminent private virtue and ability, as those gentlemen who are leading on the enterprise of constructing this railroad through to the Pacific? Now, ladies and gentlemen, I feel it my duty to testify in this way to the kind recollection which I shall ever cherish of the hospitality and of the generous treatment which has awaited us since the commencement of our journey ; and I shall always remember this visit as one of the most joyous of my life. SPEECH OF HON. B. M. KITCHEN, OF WEST VIRGINIA. MR. PRESIDENT : I received an invitation from the honored President of this road, and my first thought was that I could not accept it, for I live in a section of country that has been desolated with war; our people 56 have been impoverished, trade is not fully re-established, and we have not yet got our farms straightened up. But I remembered that this rail road was a great national work; and having the honor to be a member of the Fortieth Congress, as I had previously been of the Thirty-ninth, I deemed it my duty to inform myself upon this important question, that I might be able to vote understandingly; so I made up my mind to accom pany the party. I have now seen the Far West, and have journeyed through beautiful and fertile prairies more than half across this wonderful State of Kansas . We have all been surprised and delighted at the rapid progress made in building this road, and amazed at the beauty and richness of the country throught which it passes. I hope soon to see the day when this great railroad will be pushed on to the Pacific Coast, and had I the voice of the thunder, I would send it forth into the world, and tell those who struggle for a scanty subsistence, in poor and desolate countries, the op pressed and down-trodden of the Old World, to come out into this Great West, where rich lands may be had for little money; to come here and help to build up our Great Republic ! help to push forward our Christian civilization to the confines of this continent, on the Western Ocean ! SPEECH OF HON. JOHN A. NICHOLSON. OF DELAWARE. MR. PRESIDENT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : I had no expectation of being called upon to address you upon this occasion. My first inclination would have prompted me to have avoided the danger; nor do I now in tend to inflict upon you a speech, but I would be doing violence to my feelings did I not make some attempt to respond to the call which has been made. I should exhaust the vocabulary of adjectives in any effort I should make fully to express my admiration and astonishment at all I have witnessed since I left the Atlantic coast; and you will perhaps more fully appreciate my astonishment when I remark, that in Delaware there has lingered, perhaps longer than in any of the Atlantic States, that age of patriarchal simplicity, of which poets have sung as the golden age, which is conducive rather to the virtues of her people, than to the de velopment of that energy and enterprise which result in great works of public improvement. I have been amazed at the stupendous obstacles which nature has interposed in the pathway of human enterprise; but no less amazed at the success which has crowned your efforts in surmounting those obstacles. The most formidable of the difficulties you have had to encounter appears to me to have been immensity of distance and this is vanishing at your touch. You stagger not at apparent impossibilities ; 57 and now this great work of spanning a continent the progress of which we have been brought hither to witness presents every assurance of speedy accomplishment. I desire to extend my warmest thanks to the President, Directors, Offi cers of the Road, and to all others who have so successfully contributed to our pleasure and entertainment; and to assure them that I shall cher ish this as one of the sweetest episodes of my life, the remembrance of which will follow me to the grave, and on which memory will delight to linger. I appreciate the full and princely hospitality which has been ex tended to us, and trust that many, if not all of us, may soon meet upon another excursion, where our journey shall not cease, till, through the Golden Gate, we behold the waters of the Pacific. Short speeches were also delivered by Hon. SIDNEY CLARKE, of Kan sas, Hon. R. T. VAN HORN and Hon. C. A. NEWCOMB, of Missouri, Hon. W. E. CHANDLER, Assistant Secretary U. S. Treasury, Hon. Frank JOURDAN, Secretary of State, Pennsylvania, Hon. JAS. S. THOMAS, Mayor of St. Louis, and others, after which the meeting adjourned. SOME. GENERAL EEMAEKS UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, E. D. It is a fact that the Union Pacific Railway of Kansas, legally designa ted as the Eastern Division, is so happily located, that it accommodates all portions of our country north of the Potomac and the Ohio with so near an approach to equality that it is impossible to say which side, the North or the South, has the advantage. That the distance between New York and Kansas City, by one system of railroads, crossing the Missis sippi at St. Louis, should differ from that over another system, crossing that river at Quincy, but one mile, is very remarkable, and marks this great thoroughfare across the continent, not as a sectional, but as a truly national highway, as accessible to Massachusetts as to Maryland; to the basin of the Great Lakes as to the Valley of the Ohio. In the preceding paragraph, we had reference solely to the Eastern ter minus of our road, which, being very nearly in the geographical centre of the United States, is quite as accessible to many of the States and Cities south of the Potomac and the Ohio, as to those north of these rivers. But, as our road bears southwardly, as proposed, along the south-eastern slope of the llocky Mountain system, roads from Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas can be projected along their respective parallels, and unite with it in Colorado and New Mexico. All that will be required to give to the Southern States, whether washed by the Atlan tic, the Gulf or the Mississippi, direct avenues to the Pacific coast, or to the great mining region drained by the Colorado, will be easily con structed roads across the fertile plains, which stretch from their present 60 railroad systems to the main line of our road, before it enters upon the mountainous portion of the continent. Thus it will bring, as it were, the coast of the Pacific to the border of the great plains of the Mississippi valley. Our road will thus become a grand TRUNK ROAD, the arms of which will radiate far and wide, embracing the Atlantic slope and the val ley of the Mississippi at one end, and a thousand miles of the Pacific coast at the other. Under the existing law of Congress, the Union Pacific Railway, of the Kansas (Eastern Division), is required to form a junction with the Union Pacific Railroad of the Platte, at some point not exceeding fifty miles west of the meridian of Denver. The company have no desire to be freed from this obligation, and it is their intention to make that connection. It will be of great value to the whole country, and add largely to the busi ness of the road. But they are fully persuaded that, by bearing south-west, from some point in the vicinity of Pond Creek, through south-eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and southern California, a route to San Francisco can be found greatly preferable to one directly across the tremendous mountain systems beginning at Denver, and only ending at the Sacramento, with their Alpine heights and overwhelming snows. The company has, as yet, no authority of law for carrying their road by this more southern route ; but they will ask for it, and they feel as sured that, when the fact in the case shall be fully understood, and the incalculable benefits that will flow from the construction of such a thor oughfare, through such a region, shall be laid before Congress and the country, that there will be no hesitation on the part of Congress to grant all the authority and aid that may be required. With these remarks, we proceed to trace, in brief and comprehensive terms, our proposed route; and to notice, with equal brevity, some of the resultant benefits which would flow from the consummation of the great enterprise. Passing up, directly westward, through the beautiful, fertile and salu brious valley of the Kansas and Smoky Hill, to Pond Creek 420 miles west of the Missouri river the route deflects to the south-west, reaching the base of the mountains 170 miles beyond Pond Creek, nearly at the line dividing Colorado from New Mexico. Here there is abundance of timber, and, which is still more valuable, exhaustless deposits of bitumin ous coal, of excellent quality some of the veins being from eleven to thirteen feet in thickness. * * Si>e analysis of this coal on last page. 61 The route, although it bears very considerably to the southward, fol lows very nearly the isothermal line greater altitude, gradually attained, compensating for lower latitude. The climate, therefore, throughout, will be equally removed from scorching heat as from bitter cold. A more de lightful, salubrious or health-giving region is not to be found on this con tinent, or perhaps on the globe, than that through which this road will run. There is, moreover, probably no region on the globe offering to the eye of the traveler greater variety of scenery varying from the surpassingly beautiful, as in Kansas, to the magnificently grand, as in parts of New Mexico, Arizona and Southern California. Nor is there a country in the world, lying along the line of a single railroad, the productions of which are so exceedingly diverse those of soil, pastures and mines. Kansas is a garden; Arizona is not, but it is rich all over in gold, silver and copper; New Mexico produces almost everything, and so does Southern California. Hence it is easy to see that the interchange of commodities between these widely different regions must be enormous, and consequently the local bus iness of the road will be very great. But there is another advantage, of vast national importance, arising from the southern bearing of this road. We have already seen how ad mirably its initial point on the Missouri suits all the country north of the Ohio river. Other roads, running westward over the fertile plains which stretch westward of the Mississippi, can easily be made to reach it, as it flanks the south-eastern base of the mountains, or at Albuquerque, on the Rio Grande, where it is intended our road shall cross that river; thus giv ing to all the States south of the Potomac and the Ohio direct communi cation with the Pacific Coast. Thus our entire country, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, can be made partakers of the benefits arising from this great national enterprise. Nothing can be more desirable than to bring these States into community of interest with us in such a work as this, and in the mutually beneficial rivalry and social intercourse which will result from it. But more than that. By bearing southward into New Mexico and Ar izona, we can reach Mexico in its rich and salubrious interior, and its equally rich western border, without being obliged to take to the sea, and then cross the low, torrid, malarious belt that runs along the entire east ern coast of that country. Doubtless this is the agency that is destined to regenerate and rejuvenate that wretched, yet magnificent country, res tore it to peace and prosperity, and give to it a better rule. It will bring the influence, not so much of our sea-board cities, as those of our great and energetic interior, to bear upon it. There are many points, from the 62 llio Grande, all the way along the valley of the Gila, at which it may be entered, especially in Sonora. The fine port of Guaymas, on the eastern coast of the gulf of California, in Sonora, can and will soon be reached by a branch road from the main line in Arizona, and become our nearest Pacific port hundreds of miles nearer than San Francisco by any route Thus will this road, by a mere incident, do what Napoleon, with his arm ies and his unfortunate viceroy, failed to do give new life and a better government to Mexico. The development of the immense mineral treasures of Arizona a por tion of our territory now most difficult of access would, of itself, war rant the construction of this road. There are probably more and richer mines of gold, silver and copper in that territory especially silver than, in any equal portion of the earth's surface. The working of these mines as they will be worked, when made accessible by rail will add enor mously both to the wealth of the nation and to the business of the road. This, too, is but an incident arising from this wise choice of a route to the Pacific. California is entered at the town of Aubry, on the Colorado river, about 150 miles above the bend of the Gulf of California. Thus far, the river has a good steamboat navigation nearly at all seasons, and above, for more or less of the year. Thence, to San Francisco, the route will fol low the great valley of Southern California, much of which is of such marvelous fertility as to be renowned throughout the world. A branch from some point not far south-west of Aubry, will connect our road with the fine port of San Diego, 456 nautical miles south-east of San Fran cisco, giving us a second Pacific port much nearer than San Francisco. Still, the latter city is our main and ultimate destination, for it is now, and is likely long to remain, the emporium of the Pacific coast. We offer these brief remarks to mark our contemplated route, and to call forth reflection and discussion. We have but glanced, as it were, at the great subject It would require a volume to exhaust it. We believe it to be the grandest work, as a whole, that ever engaged the thoughts and the energies of any people the most far-reaching in its influences, and the most important in its local effects. And we are firmly persuaded that, as soon as it shall be clearly understood, it will commend itself to the favor of all classes of our citizens, whatever may be their own imme diate locality. We could not, if we would, appeal to sectional interests, for all sections are favored alike. The people of each section may claim it as their own, but none exclusively. GENERAL WILLIAM J. PALMER, TJ. P. R. W. CO., E. D., DELIVERED BEFORE A MEETING OF CITIZENS OF NEW MEXICO, AT SANTA FE, SEPTEMBER 21, 1867. YOUR EXCELLENCY AND GENTLEMEN : There was probably no more striking evidence of the faith of the country in the successful termination of the recent war, than the fact that in July, 1862, at a period of great reverses to our army, the Pacific Railroad Act was passed, pledging the Government to assist to the extent of about one-half its cost in the construction of this continental highway. At that time, however, the route through your Territory, although con ceded by the most intelligent authorities to be the best for the whole na tion, was too far south of that line which, east of the Mississippi, was practically the divide between loyalty and rebellion, to be given any con sideration. Accordingly, Congress adopted a route running well to the northerly beginning at Omaha, on the Missouri River, and extending by the Platte valley to the Rocky Mountains, and so on by the natural extension of that line through or near Salt Lake City to Sacramento in California. The great central system of railroads, however, terminating at Leaven- worth and Kansas City, on the Missouri, were given a connection with the main trunk, by means of the Union JPacific Railway, Eastern Division, which was granted the aid of Government for a distance of about 385 miles, to enable it to extend up the valley of Kansas as far as Fort Riley, and thence northwestwardly by the Republican Fork, to a point of con nection with the Omaha line. 64 But the managers of this Kansas Pacific Road and those controlling the great connecting lines eastward to Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York and Boston, became convinced, as soon as the war was over, and the po litical reasons theretofore paramount had ceased to have weight, that this line, instead of deflecting northward from Fort Riley to connect with the Platte route, should be extended as an independent trunk line through to the Pacific, on a latitude free from those wintry obstacles which sur rounded and threatened the success of the northern route. In furtherance of this plan, Congress, on application being made to it in July, 1866, repealed the Republican clause, and allowed the road to go west by such route as the company might choose, but without extending the Government aid beyond the original distance. At its next session, Congress will be asked to lend the same assistance to this line through to San Francisco as has been given to the line from Omaha, and it is in view of this policy, and in order that facts and figures, instead of mere theoreti cal speculations, may be laid before the country and its law-makers, that the company has sent out its engineer parties to make a connected series of levels and chained measurements, from the terminus of its completed line in Kansas through to San Francisco and San Diego. These surveys have now by two routes reached the Rio Grande, and will be immediately extended west to the Pacific by one party on the 35th parallel, and another by the valley of the Gila. They have already de monstrated, after having crossed one great chain of the Rocky Mountains, not only that there are no serious obstacles to the speedy and economical construction of this road, and that those peculiar difficulties of water, timber, fuel, &c., which in some minds had been supposed to render a Pacific Railroad impossible, were to a great extent myths but also that many important advantages exist on this route which had not before been known to the company or the people at large, and that those which had been generally thought to exist, so far from being exaggerated, have really fallen short of the truth. It is unnecessary, gentlemen, to do more than merely name to an audi ence in this Territory, the nature of these advantages; the mildness of the climate, the detached character of the mountains and the low altitude of their passes, the long extent of gentle valleys and nearly level mesas ; the abundance of coal, and the sufficiency of timber and water; the vast local resources of mineral ores, rich pastures and vinelands; the tapping of the well-watered valleys of the Arkansas, upper Canadian, Rio Grande and Great Colorado of the .west; the intersection of the Colorado at a point far below the head of navigation, thus cheapening and doubling the speed with which the road can be built; the fact that enough native labor 65 already exists in your Territory, aud can be cheaply .secured and supplied at home, to construct the road for nearly half of its entire length; and finally, the fact that by the 35th parallel it is at least as short a line to San Francisco from New York City as any other, and that to the Pacific at San Diego or Guaymas it is by far the shortest line. But while it is needless to stop to enlarge upon these facts which are already so well known to you, I may be pardoned for calling your atten tion to certain points which disclose the interest which the whole country has in the immediate commencement and speedy completion of this road apart from the consideration that it is the best route. And in the first place, more than one Pacific Railroad is needed. The managers of the northern road from Omaha to San Francisco, at both ends of the line, have shown the greatest spirit and energy in the prosecution of their work and as American citizens we must admire their courage and persistency, and hope that their efforts will be crowned with the success they deserve. We have no contest with them, except to reach the western Ocean before them. But with all their indomitable Anglo Saxon energy and pluck, they cannot master the elements, and it is feared that their road, even when completed, will for several months of the winter season be blocked up with snow, and fail to meet the wants and expectations of the country. This is the opinion, I think, of at least seven-eighths of all the over-land travelers that have been over that route in winter. I hope that these fears may prove to be exaggerated, and that Yankee ingenuity may find means of overcoming such obstacles. But even if they should, is the necessity of another line to the Pacific in any degree lessened? Not at all. Before either road can be finished, both will be insufficient to carry the trade of the country, and second tracks will be required to be begun on each. Again, the northern line will not in any respect develop the vast Territory of the U. S. lying upon our route, and all communication with Southern Kansas and Colorado, New Mexico, Ari zona, Southern and Middle California, Northern and Western Texas, and the rich Northern States of old Mexico would continue as before to depend upon the slow and expensive wagon train. The country embraced within these limits is probably now inhabited by a population of a half million of souls, greatly exceeding that possessed by all the remainder of the country not tapped by this line between the Missouri River and the Pacific Coast. The local resources of this section are only beginning to be appreciated by our people, but in my opinion they are alone sufficient to warrant the invest ment by private capitalists, if properly aided at the start by a loan from the Government, of the sums required to build a Railroad through it. It is scarcely necessary to point out the benefit that would accrue to the 66 whole nation in enlarging its trade and power, and increasing its taxable wealthy that would accrue from the development of these neglected re sources. Build this road, and the national debt will soon cease to be a matter of concern to statesmen or financiers. Moreover, every section of the country by means of the railway connec tions already existing with the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, at Kansas City and Lcavenworth, and by means of comparatively short branches that can be built from Memphis or Shreveport to intersect our main trunk on the Rio Grande, when the condition of southern trade is such as to warrant it, is put into short and cheap communication with all this territorial wealth, and with the Pacific Coast by this route. Memphis will be only 30 miles farther from Albuquerque than St. Louis, while Chicago will be no farther than St. Louis except by its distance from the Missis sippi river, and New Orleans will be as near as Chicago. Thus every sec tion of our common country will be accommodated. But there is another important respect in which this road will benefit the entire nation, and become almost a matter of necessity to it. I refer to the effect it will have on the Indian question. You are aware of the enormous extent to which the settlement of these Territories and the de velopment of their wealth is retarded by the noble red man, and of the tax which his imaginary suppression has been upon the Treasury of the United States. I don't know that I blame the savage for following out the instincts of his race possibly he is just in conceiving that you pioneers in the west ward march of civilization have no right here, and that the country should revert to him. But if we do adopt the other theory, and conclude that Heaven intended man and all things to improve instead of degenerating, let us at all events be logical in it; and, in the name of consistency, adopt such a course as will prevent this vast territory intervening between our Eastern and Pacific States from being given over to perpetual barbarism. Well, how shall we do this? By sending out two regiments, and expend ing two millions of dollars each, every year, (which is the interest of thirty - three millions of dollars^) to sustain them? By maintaining, at great cost, forts and military posts along a belt of 2,000 miles? Or even by the more humane and less expensive way of cooping up the Indians, or such as will stay, in reservations, and feeding them ? Or shall the Government drop about two regiments from the army, capitalize the annual saving to its Treasury therefrom, and lend the amount to aid in the construction of a Pacific Railroad? Once built, the Railroad will take care of the Indian question. Settle ments will spring up along its line as in Eastern Kansas and Nebraska, that will be strong enough to protect themselves and the surrounding country ; 67 and the Navajos, Apaches and Comanches will either squat down peaceably on their farms as the Delawares and Wyandottes have done or else betake themselves, as I hope and believe, to regular employment on the Railroad itself. Before long, not a 17. S. soldier would be required from the Missouri to the Colorado of the West; but while any troops were required, the economy with which they could be transported on a railroad, and the great efficiency they would derive from their superior mobility, would go far towards com pensating the Government for its railroad loan. Again, the construction of this road would open up the States of Chi huahua, Sonora and Durango to our trade from the only proper direction in which it can be reached ', and, by gradual but certain process, bring about peacefully those relations with Old Mexico which the people of the United States have so much at heart, and which will prevent the possi bility of future European aggression so close upon our borders. Now what is the Government asked to do to ensure all these advanta ges to the country? Simply to make a loan, secured by mortgage on the property, of such an amount per mile of United States bonds bearing 6 per cent, interest, and having thirty years to run, as will, in connection with the private capital that can be raised, build the road. So far from this taking any money out of the United States Treasury, it can be proven that without considering at all the indirect pecuniary benefits which I have already mentioned, the whole amount of principal and interest will be re funded directly to the Treasury by the time the loan matures. The experience already had upon the portion of the line completed in Kan sas, shows that under the provision of the Act which reserves to the Gov ernment one-half of all the charges for transportation of mails, troops, military stores and Indian supplies, as a credit to the loan made to the Railway Company, the Government is at no expense for the interest upon the bonds it has advanced; but, more than tliat, it is receiving back of the principal enough money to pay off" the whole debt in twenty years, while the Government itself does not have to pay those bonds for thirty years Now, gentlemen, we ask your assistance, and that of the citizens of New Mexico generally, in making these facts known, and especially in diffusing information about the resources of your Territory, and her topo graphical and climatic advantages of this route. You can do it through newspapers, by correspondence with those in the East, and by private correspondence with your friends in Congress, and other leaders and representatives of public opinion in the States. It is needless to point out to you the immense stake you have in the result. All classes of your people will be benefited; the poorer classes by the profitable employment 68 it will afford them in the construction and operation of the road, and the cheapening of every article that they wear or consume ; the Ranchero by the great demand that will spring np for all the products of his farm, and the new markets that it will open for his stock the miner by the cheap ening of machinery and all supplies, and the outlet for his ores ; the rich man by the enhanced value of his lands and other property; and all classes by the protection it will afford from the Indians. Let us then ask you to give six months of energetic work, between this and the coming session of Congress, to aid us in obtaining the favor of the country for this route. There is every reason to believe that we shall succeed. The book which I hold contains the resolutions and speeches of a large number of the most influential Senators and Representatives in the country, who visited the line of our road in Kansas last summer. One and all, they committed themselves to the policy of extending the aid of the Government to this as an independent line through to the Pacific Coast, and these men are chief among the leaders of public thought in our country. This great line once completed, it requires no prophetic power to fore see the future of the regions it will develop. Here in New Mexico, where only the miner's ranche is now visible, furnaces and factories will be built, and cities will spring from the earth at the call of intelligent labor. Arizona will then be no longer a terra incognita, but the home of an industrious people, bound with bands of iron to the sister common wealths that surround her. But who shall speak of the effect which it will have on the course of trade throughout the world; that wonderful commerce of the eastern seas, which from time immemorial has built up populous cities along its channels, and enriched every nation through whose hands it has passed. Then shall we see the East India Company communicating orders to its Governors across your plains, and the nabobs from Calcutta returning by the Rocky Mountains to spend their wealth in London. The old dream of Columbus will then have been realized, and the East will have been found at last by sailing to the West. RESOLUTIONS PASSED AT THE ABOVE MEETING, WHEREAS, The Engineer Corps of the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, are now in this Territory engaged in surveying, both on the 32d and 35th parallels, for a route to the Pacific Coast from the road in Kansas : Resolved, 1. That we consider the route through New Mexico prefer able to any other, for the following reasons, viz : 69 1. Because of the low elevations of the mountain summits, and the consequent economy in construction and operation. 2. Because our experience and observations here for a continuous number of years, have convinced us that none of the obstructions and inconveniences of winter exist on this route, and that the road, when built, can be operated every day of the year. 3. Because, while for the above and other reasons it offers the best route to San Francisco, it is also much the shortest route to the Pacific waters, from any city in the Union on or east of the Mississippi river, to the excellent ports of Griiaymas and San Diego. 4. Because it gives every State of the Union a direct communication across the continent; the Northern and Middle States by the railroads already connecting with the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, at Kansas City or Leavenworth; and the Southern States by a direct line from Memphis, Shreveport or New Orleans, connecting with the main trunk on the Rio Grande. 5. Because the abundance of coal, iron ore, limestone and timber along the route at convenient distances, and the fact that an abundance of cheap labor already exists throughout New Mexico, as well as supples to subsist this labor, remove the principal difficulties that have been urged against the practicability, or the cheap construction and operation of a Pacific llailroad. 6. Because the Colorado River, being navigable far above where this road will cross it, whether the 32d or the 35th parallel be adopted, pre sents means of transporting material for the construction of the road which will greatly cheapen its cost and hasten its completion, while it will afford an additional outlet to tide water from the rich mines of New Mex ico and Arizona. Resolved, 2. That in the construction of this road we see a peaceful and permanent solution of the Indian question, which has cost so much life and treasure, retarding the tide of Western emigration and the de velopment of our Territories, besides agitating the whole nation without adding to its honor. Overcome by the settlements which will spring up as the railroad advances, the Indian will be forced to accept the usages of civilization or disappear from the land. Resolved, 3. That we believe the yearly cost of maintaining troops now used in New Mexico and Arizona alone, in a futile effort to keep down the Indians, is sufficient to subsidize the whole of the proposed Railroad, from the Smoky Hill in Kansas to San Francisco, on this route; and that the principal of the money thus annually expended, if assisted by the Government in a loan to this road, secured by a mort- 70 gage on the property, would, instead of being as now entirely unremun- erative, be, in our opinion, not only more than compensated by the greater economy of transportation of troops, supplies and mails for the Govern ment, but would be refunded directly, principal, and interest, to the Unit ed States Treasury as the same became due, and that it would besides open up to the nation innumerable sources of revenue. Resolved, 4. That by this route the rich provinces of Chihuahua, So- nora and Durango can be easily and cheaply reached by branch roads bringing the trade of Mexico again into its former channels towards St. Louis, inducing those social and political relations which will more closely bind us to the neighboring republic of Mexico, and affording a cer tain safeguard against any future European attempts at the invasion of this portion of the continent. Resolved } 5. That the mineral and pastoral resources of New Mexico, Arizona and Southern Colorado, which are unsurpassed in the whole United States, will be developed to such an extent by the construction of this road, as to add immensely to the aggregate wealth and, power of the nation, and, especially that the amount of gold and silver derived from these mines will greatly hasten the, resumption of specie payment. Resolved, 6 That while this route offers a better and shorter communi cation between the two oceans than any other, it will also have tributary to it a population of a half million souls now living in Southern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Northern Texas, and Southern and Middle Cali fornia, besides the Northern States of Mexico. Resolved, 7. That we recommend to the Congress of the United States at its next session, in view of the facts presented in the foregoing resolutions, to extend to the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, the same aid for their road from Kansas by this route to San Francisco, as is now or may hereafter be granted to the line from Omaha via Salt Lake to San Francisco. Resolved, 8. That we pledge our co-operation to the officers and corpo ration interested in this proposed route through this Territory, and our assistance to the great national enterprise in which they are engaged. Resolved, 9. That we return our thanks to the officers of the Railroad, and the organization they represent, for the manner in which they have discharged the duties entrusted to them, and especially to General Palmer for his able and lucid exposition of the purposes of the company which he represents, and of the progress in construction and survey which the company has made. Resolved, 10. That a committee he appointed to collect from the various parts of the Territory, such information as will be useful in the surveying and constructing of a railroad through its borders, and also as to the min eral and other resources of the Territory, and to communicate with the officers of the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, and with other parties, for the purpose of expediting the building of such a railroad. That such committee shall be allowed and instructed to add to their num ber, the names of other persons in the different portions of the Territory, from time to time, as they shall find it advisable, for the purpose of aiding in the enterprise of the construction of a Pacific Railroad through New Mexico. R. H. WHITING, Secretary , ex officio. REPORT THE GOIsTIDITIOliT .A-ItTID IP IR. OGRESS OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, E.D, FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1867, ]VEade to the SECRETARY OF 1 THE INTERIOR. St. Louis, October 11, 1867. HON. 0. H. BROWNING, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C., SIR: In compliance with your letter of the 20th ult., I have the honor to make the following report of the present condition of the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, and of the progress made in the work during the past year. On October llth, the date of my last report, the railroad and telegraph lines were completed and in operation to Fort Riley, 135 miles west of the Missouri River, and of this distance 130 miles had been accepted by the United States Government. On Oct. 15, 1866, the road was open for business to Junction City, 139 miles. " May 8, 1867, " " " Salina, 186 " ' July 15, 1867, " " " Ellsworth, 224 " One hundred and fifty-five miles of road have been built since date of last report, and the railroad and telegraph line are now completed and in operation to Hays City, near Fort Hays, 290 miles west from the Missouri River, and has been inspected by the Commissioners and accepted by the Government to the 259th mile post. Including the branch road of 31 miles between Leavenworth and Lawrence, to aid in the construction of 73 which the Government extended no subsidy, this company has built and equipped 321 miles of railroad; and there is now a continuous line of railroad and telegraph completed to a point 573 miles west from the city of St. Louis. The road has been provided, during the course of construction, with round-house accommodations, repair shops, turn-tables, water tanks, sid ings, &c., to meet the immediate wants of business; and the necessary warehouse and depot buildings have been erected at the stations along the road for the accommodation of passengers and freight. The company have commenced to erect, in the most substantial manner, a large round house, blacksmith shop, machine-shop, foundry and car-building shops, of sufficient size to meet the probable future wants of the company for the eastern end of the road, at Lawrence, 37 miles from the Missouri River. The following equipment for the road has been delivered, and is now in use: 25 Locomotives, 334 Flat Cars, 18 Passenger Cars, 75 Stock Cars, 8 Baggage, Mail and Exp. Cars, 65 Hand Cars, 237 Box Cars, 7 Boarding Cars. In addition, the following rolling stock has been contracted for, but is not yet delivered : 2 Locomotives, 9 Box Cars, 2 Passenger Cars, 25 Stock Cars, 88 Flat Cars, 18 Hand Cars. Iron has been ordered sufficient to complete the road to the 335th mile-post west from the Missouri River; all of which, except 1750 tons, has been delivered on the road in Kansas. All the iron used in constuc- tion of the road is of the best American manufacture, and the rails weigh 56 Ibs. per linear yard. On the 15th October, 1866, the road was turned over to the company by the contractors, completed, equipped and in operation to Junction City, 139 miles. From October 15th, 1866, to August 31st, 1867, a period of 10J months, the earnings of the company have been as follows : 74 TOTAL RECEIPTS. From Government Business. From Merchandise & Passenger Traffic. 1866 Oct 15 to Nov 30 $117 754 10 $25 998 38 $91 755 72 December 61 911 95 7 743 14 54 168 81 1867 January . . . . 66 581 58 7 014 61 59 566 97 61,056 19 20 469 24 40 586 95 March 94 843 18 34 864 98 59 978 20 April 103 784 76 21 002 02 39 782 74 May . 172,106 28 51 230 90 120 875 38 June . 122 306 65 38 980 04 83 326 61 July . 189,570 59 64,545 46 125 025 13 August 236 567 80 87 100 72 149 467 08 $1,226,483 08 $358,949 49 $867,533 59 In my last report, the opinion was expressed " that within a few years the amount of business that will be done over this road for the Grovern- ment, in the transportation of its supplies, mails, &c., will be so large that the fifty per cent, provided by law to be retained of these charges, will nearly if not quite meet the interest paid by the Government on United States Bonds issued in aid of the road." It affords me pleasure to be able to state that this result has already been attained, as shown in the following statement: Total Government business for 10^ months, ending Aug. 31, 1867, $358,949 49 Fifty (50) per cent, retained by the Government ........................ 179,474 75 Total interest paid from United States Treasury up to July 1, 1867, on bonds issued to this Company ....................... . ........... 173,285 22 Leaving excess in hands of U. S. Treasurer, in ten and one-half months, over all interest previously paid on bonds ..... $6,189 53 It will be observed that the amount here given includes interest paid in 1865 and 1866 on bonds issued to this company. The following table will more fully show the relation of the present business of the Government to the interest paid from the National Treasury on bonds issued to this Company: During the month of August, 1867, the road was open for business to Ellsworth ................................................................... 224 miles. Total distance accepted by Government, and Bonds issued thereon, to August 31 .............................. r .................................. 234 " 75 Total Government business $87,100 72 Fifty (50) per cent, retained by U. S. Treasurer $43,550 36 Total Bonds received by this Company from the United States, on 234 miles $3,744,000 00 Interest on all Bonds received, August 31, 1867, for one month, at 6 per cent 18,720 00 Excess retained in Treasury, for month of August $24,830 36 which contributes at the rate per annum of $297,964 32; equivalent to nearly 8 per cent, per annum of the principal of said Bonds, which do not mature for 30 years. The railroad of this company, at the end of the first year of its opera tion, when it bears the material of the Government to a point only 224 miles west from its initial point, not only repays to the Grovernment all the interest expended on the bonds loaned to aid in its construction, but also contributes sufficient to meet the principal of these bonds in about fourteen years, and this from the Government business alone. It is believed that the payment of these bonds at maturity from this source is now fully assured. The statement above given, shows that the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, is being built, so far as the Government is concerned, simply by the loan of its credit for a term of years upon ample security and without the actual expenditure of a single dollar of money from the Public Treasury. In addition to the great saving to the Government in the expense of moving troops and supplies across the Plains, and the rapid settlement of the public lands consequent upon the construction of this road, it is worthy of note that, as the road advances, several large and expensive forts and military posts, formerly required upon the frontier, become no longer ne cessary, and their garrisons and costly equipment are moved to other points. The company has organized and sent into the field during the past year three large surveying parties, and has already had careful instrumental examinations made, covering an aggregate distance of more than 1,300 miles. Two lines have been run from Fort Wallace to Denver, and a practica ble route found. A line has been surveyed from Fort Wallace to the Arkansas River, and thence up the Purgatory valley through the passes of the Ptaton Mountains to Fort Union, and with>two lines thence through the easternmost range of the Rocky Mountains to Albuquerque and Fort Craig on the Rio Grande. Another line has been examined up the valley of the Huerfano River, through the Sangre de Christo pass, via Fort Gar land, to the Rio Grande, and thence, via Santa Fe, to Albuquerque. 76 These surveying parties having been organised into two divisions, are now making a careful survey of two general routes from the Rio Grande to the Pacific ocean; one along the 35th parallel west from Albuquerque, the other from Fort Craig along the 32d parallel, by what is known as the Gila route. As far as these surveys have extended, a practicable route for a railroad has been found. At no point will the grades exceed the maximum allowed by law for the Pacific Railroad; and these will be reached, for short dis tances, at only two or three points between Fort Wallace and the Rio G-rande. The highest altitude attained on this line is 7,846* feet above tide water. Very extensive deposits of excellent coal and iron, and abundance of timber for cross-ties, occur on the route of this survey, south of the Ark ansas river. The hostility of the Indian tribes of the plains, during the past summer, has seriously interfered with the progress of the work of building the road. The military guards were not sufficient to protect our scattered parties, which have been continually menaced; several of our camps have been attacked, seventeen men have been killed, and very many driven off and intimidated; hundreds of head of stock have been seized by the sav ages, and a large amount of working material destroyed. The company, however, having secured a supply of arms and ammunition from the Gov ernment, armed all the employees engaged in grading and tracklaying, and by an increase of wages succeeded in retaining a sufficient force to keep the work advancing. The cholera, which attacked the garrisons of the posts on the plains, also appeared, about June 25th, among our workmen ; and to the fear of Indians was added the terrors of this disease. Had the work not been delayed by the Indians, it is confidently believed the road would have been finished to Fort Wallace by the end of the present year; but notwithstanding these unexpected causes of serious in terruption and delay, the work of construction has advanced satisfactorily, although at largely increased expense, and, we have now every reason to believe, will reach a point 335 miles west from the Missouri River by the 31st of December, 1867.f Respectfully, (SIGNED) JOHN D. PERRY, President. * Since the above was written, the Chief Engineer has made a preliminary Report of the survey from Fort Wallace, Kansas, to Fort Craig, New Mexico. The highest elevation on the proposed line is 7,136 feet, at the head of Canon Blanco, on the plateau dividing the waters of the Pecos River from those which flow into the Rio Grande. f Dfcember 20, 1867. The track is now laid and the road in operation to the 335th mile post west from the Missouri River. EXHIBITS. 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