GIFT OF 
 
REPORT of SUB-COMMITTEE of the LIBRARY 
 COMMITTEE on the system of distributing 
 and managing certain parts of the libraries 
 in other Universities, and the applicability 
 of the system to the Library of the Uni- 
 versity of Glasgow. 
 
 THE Sub-Committee, consisting of the Chairman, Pro- 
 fessors Gibson and Noel Paton (Professor Noel Paton, 
 Convener) appointed by the Library Committee at its 
 meeting upon 13th December, 1912, has considered the 
 remit : "to enquire into the system of distributing and 
 managing certain parts of the libraries in other Univer- 
 sities and to report upon the applicability of the system 
 to the Library of the University of Glasgow," and now 
 begs to report as follows : 
 
 The initiation of such an investigation at the present 
 time is due ( 1 ) to the recent great extension of the Univer- 
 sity which has led to the housing of several of the Scientific 
 Departments in buildings separate from that in which 
 the Central Library is placed (Botany, Chemistry, 
 Physics, Physiology, Pharmacology, Hygiene, Pathology, 
 Engineering and Astronomy are all in such separate 
 buildings) ; (2) to the enormous growth of special work 
 in the various sciences, with the concomitant increase 
 in the publication of books and papers upon each. 
 
 In the teaching, and still more in the prosecution of 
 research, in these different departments constant reference 
 to these special publications is necessary. The question 
 for consideration is whether they are more available for 
 this purpose if lodged in the Central Library or if placed 
 in the Departments. 
 
 285689 
 
.., . rf 
 
 " M xiiiv b at'io?ic atfitirtted that such technical publica- 
 tions are in no sense literature, but that they are rather 
 to be regarded as instruments of research. As such 
 they should be as near the hand of the investigator as 
 is possible. This is specially the case with periodical 
 publications which contain the records of the most recent 
 work, since it is essential that they should be at once seen 
 by investigators lest such records of work, akin to that 
 being prosecuted, should be overlooked. 
 
 The Sub-Committee has directed its enquiries in two 
 directions : 
 
 1. Into the existence, development, and present condi- 
 
 ., 4 tion of collections of books and periodicals in the 
 various departments of observational and experi- 
 mental science in the University of Glasgow. 
 
 2. Into the existence of Departmental Libraries in 
 
 other Universities and their relationship to the 
 Central Library. 
 
 It has to thank the various Heads of Departments in 
 the University for the information contained in Appendix I. 
 It also desires to express its indebtedness to the Librarians 
 of other Universities, many of whom have not merely 
 put themselves to the very considerable trouble of answer- 
 ing the series of questions sent to them (see Appendix II.), 
 but have also furnished a large amount of further informa- 
 tion which has proved of the greatest possible service 
 to the Sub-Committee. 
 
 I. The Existence., Development and Present Condition 
 of Collections of Books and Periodicals in the various 
 Departments of Observational and Experimental Science in 
 the University of Glasgow. 
 
 Appendix I. shows that nearly every Scientific Depart- 
 ment of the University possesses a larger or smaller 
 collection of books and periodicals quite apart from and 
 
independent of the Central Library. The necessity of 
 such departmental collections has been recognised and 
 has been met in various ways. Further, the University 
 Court has recognised their importance, and during the 
 past two years has distributed a sum of 250 a year among 
 various departments of the University. 
 
 II. The Existence of Departmental Libraries in oilier 
 Universities and. their Relation to the Central Libraries. 
 
 In order to elicit information upon these points the list 
 of questions (given with their answers in Appendix II.) 
 was sent to the Librarians of nineteen Universities three 
 in Scotland, five in England, and eleven in America. These 
 Universities were selected on account of their importance 
 and without any previous knowledge of their systems of 
 Library management. Incidentally information has also 
 been obtained as to the system of management in the 
 Universities of Germany and Italy. 
 
 The following short statement of the modes of Library 
 management in these various Universities is based upon 
 Appendix II. and upon letters received from the Librarians 
 and others. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 1. Edinburgh. In Edinburgh a series of Departmental 
 Libraries has developed without any definite relation- 
 ship to the Central Library, and there is no common 
 system of management. Recently attempts have been 
 made to enforce a uniform system, but all that has been 
 arrived at is that the Library Committee should make an 
 annual inspection of these Departmental Libraries. Books 
 purchased for these libraries from funds granted by the 
 Library Committee are requisitioned through the General 
 Library and are then catalogued and stamped before 
 being sent out. 
 
 2. Aberdeen. At Aberdeen the Scientific Departments 
 are in the Marischal College, and the scientific books are 
 kept there. 
 
 A 2 
 
The University collection proper is in a Central Library, 
 but there are twelve Departmental Libraries for which 
 the Central Library Authorities are not responsible. They 
 are not inspected. 
 
 3. St. Andrews. At St. Andrews the Scientific Depart- 
 ments are in two buildings and the Library is between 
 them. The books are kept in the General Library. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 1. Oxford. Apart from the Bodleian Library, the 
 Radcliffe Library contains a collection of scientific books 
 and by arrangement is able to borrow scientific books 
 from the Bodleian for a period not exceeding one month. 
 Certain scientific periodicals are on permanent loan. 
 There are also several other University institutions with 
 separate libraries. 
 
 2. Cambridge. In Cambridge a series of Departmental 
 Libraries has " rather grown than been organised." 
 They are independent of the Central Library, but that 
 Library to some extent avoids buying what is known to 
 be in one of the other libraries. " The subsidiary libraries 
 have been developed to meet the wants of the workers, 
 who, nevertheless, are obliged to fall back upon the 
 Central Library as their main resource." 
 
 A catalogue of periodicals in Cambridge is printed, 
 giving the Library in which each is to be found. 
 
 Further information as regards Departmental Libraries in 
 Cambridge has been furnished by a member of the Univer- 
 sity who has interested himself in Library administration. 
 
 Physiological Department. There is a considerable 
 Departmental Library consisting of books and periodicals. 
 The annual expenditure is between 70 and 80 on 
 periodicals, 10 on binding, 5 for clerical work, and about 
 20 on books, etc. The money is derived from students' 
 fees in the Department. The Library is managed by one of 
 the Staff, and it is open to all senior students and workers. 
 The loss on books, etc., amounts to about 1 a year. 
 
Pathological Department. There is a large Depart- 
 mental Library on which about 100 a year is spent, 
 derived partly from fees and partly from a special fund. 
 
 In the departments of Zoology and Botany there 
 are also considerable Departmental Libraries. In the 
 Chemical and in the Geological Departments, the Libraries 
 are small. Generally speaking, where there is an active 
 prosecution of research the Library is well developed ; 
 where this is not the case the Library in the Department 
 is generally small. 
 
 3. University College, London. Here the Institute 
 of Medical Sciences is apart from, but almost adjoining, 
 the main building which contains the other Departments. 
 In the case of the Medical Sciences only, does the depart- 
 mental collection amount to a Library. The books and 
 periodicals are received and catalogued at the Central 
 Library. 
 
 4. Liverpool. In Liverpool there is a Central Library 
 and seven well-organised Departmental Libraries (see 
 Report). Mr. Sampson, the Librarian, writes, " while the 
 departmentalization of our Library was of course some- 
 thing of an experiment it has proved an entire success." 
 
 5. Manchester. The Librarian states that the whole 
 collection of books belonging to the University is lodged 
 in the Central Library, but adds that some Departments 
 have collections of books. Professor Lorrain Smith 
 writes that there are definite Departmental Libraries in 
 Pharmacology and in Physiology. 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 1. Harvard. In Harvard there is a very fully and well 
 organised system of Departmental Libraries, along with 
 a large Central Library in which all the receiving and 
 cataloguing of books and periodicals is done. 
 
 2. Michigan. Here there is a Central Library with a 
 fully organised series of Departmental Libraries adminis- 
 tered from the Central one. 
 
3. Johns Hopkins. Here there is a well-developed 
 series of Departmental Libraries managed from the 
 Central Library, 
 
 4. California. The main part of the Library is at 
 Berkeley, and the Medical Library at San Francisco. 
 The various Departments have laboratory libraries. All 
 are administered from the Central Library. 
 
 5. Yale. In Yale the main collection of books is in 
 the Central Library. But Departmental Libraries exist 
 in which " to some extent duplicates are placed." Gener- 
 ally speaking the Departmental Libraries have their own 
 funds and sources of income, e.g. University Appropriations. 
 
 6. Princeton. In Princeton five-sixths of the books 
 are stated to be in the Central Library and one-sixth in 
 Departmental Libraries. There are seven Departmental 
 Libraries managed from the Central Library. 
 
 7. Columbia. Here the Departmental system is fully 
 developed and the control is in the hands of the Central 
 Library. 
 
 8. Chicago. Here there is a well-organised system of 
 Departmental Libraries managed from the Central 
 Library. 
 
 9. Cornell. In Cornell there is a Central Library with 
 a fully organised series of Departmental Libraries con- 
 nected with it. 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 1. Toronto. Here there is a Central Library and 
 Departmental Libraries under the control of the Central 
 Library. The Central Library " loans " books to the 
 Departmental Libraries, and the last ten years' volumes 
 of periodicals relating to special subjects may be kept 
 in these Libraries. 
 
 2. M'Gill University, Montreal. The Faculty of Medi- 
 cine has a Library of 25,000 volumes entirely separate 
 from the Central Library. There are a number of small 
 working Departmental Libraries forming part of the 
 Central Library to which books are lent from the Central 
 
?> 
 
 Library. Sets of periodicals in these Libraries^^^iCJJ^ 
 represented only by the last five years of the publi- 
 cations. 
 
 ITALY AND GERMANY. 
 
 A most useful account of the system of Library manage- 
 ment in the Universities of Italy and of Prussia is given 
 by Mr. J. C. M. Hanson in a paper " Some observations 
 on the Departmental Library Problem in Universities 
 with special reference to the University of Chicago." 
 
 He indicates that in these Universities the Libraries 
 are supported by Government grants. 
 
 The development of the departmental problem in Italy 
 and Germany dates back to 1870. Between 1885 and 
 1889 the Italian Government regulations dealt with the 
 relationship of the Central and the Departmental Libraries, 
 and decreed that all books are to be acquired and cata- 
 logued in the Central Library, before being .sent to the 
 Departmental Libraries, and that books and periodicals 
 are not to be duplicated. The approval of appropriations 
 for books by the University was made conditional on the 
 observation of these regulations. To show the extent 
 to which the departmental system had developed it is 
 stated that six-tenths of the appropriation went to 
 Departmental Libraries and four-tenths to the General 
 Library. 
 
 In 1891 somewhat similar regulations were framed for 
 the Prussian Universities. But these have been largely 
 disregarded, and the Departmental Libraries seem to 
 have grown away from the control of the Central Library. 
 This is stated by Dr. Erman in 1909 to be largely due to 
 inadequate Government grants being made to the Lib- 
 raries so that necessary books could not be purchased for 
 the Central Library, and the Departmental Libraries were 
 forced to procure them, sometimes by the heads of the 
 Departments using their influence to secure special 
 appropriation. 
 
8 
 
 Of the nineteen Universities with Scientific Departments 
 in separate buildings only one, St. Andrews, has no 
 Departmental Libraries. Manchester, as is shown by 
 a letter from Professor Lorrain Smith, has such collections. 
 Of the eleven Universities in the United States and 
 Canada all have Departmental Libraries managed from 
 the Central Library. In this country, in Liverpool and 
 in University College, London, only are the Departmental 
 Libraries so managed. 
 
 CONCLUSIONS. 
 
 These investigations show that in the Universities, where 
 scientific teaching and investigation are being actively 
 prosecuted, the necessity of Departmental Libraries has 
 been experienced, and that in all of them, and in our own 
 University, such libraries have been formed. In some 
 cases they have arisen independently of the Central 
 Library, in others they have been outgrowths from it 
 and are co-ordinated with it. When the former mode 
 of development has occurred, considerable overlapping 
 of the collection in one Department with that in another 
 and of each arid all with the Central Library has 
 been noted ; and, as in the case of some of the German 
 Universities, the Departmental Libraries have come into 
 direct competition with the Central Library. On the 
 other hand, where the Departmental Libraries are pro- 
 perly co-ordinated with the Central Library, overlapping 
 has been largely avoided and thus the total expenditure 
 on books and periodicals has been reduced. 
 
 That Departmental Libraries in the Scientific Depart- 
 ments of our University are necessary has been quite 
 clearly shown. 
 
 It has further been sho\\n that it is to the best interests 
 of the University that such Libraries should be co- 
 ordinated with the Central Library. 
 
 Such a co-ordination might be brought about (a) even 
 
if the Departmental Libraries were independent of the 
 Central Library and receiving separate grants from the 
 Court, by consultation with the Library Committee as to 
 the purchase of books and periodicals; or (b) by the 
 Departmental Libraries forming part of the Central 
 Library and being under the control of the Library 
 Committee. 
 
 As regards suggestion (a), it is quite certain that 
 the Court, in the present financial condition of the Uni- 
 versity, would be unable to make adequate Library grants 
 to the various Departments. At present 20 a year is 
 all that has been given to any Department. Further, it 
 is to be feared that the consultations between the Heads 
 of Departments and the Library Committee would be 
 apt to be inconclusive and would thus fail to prevent the 
 purchase of the book or periodical under consideration 
 by both the Department and the Central Library. A 
 spirit of rivalry would be apt to be set up between the 
 Central Library and the Departments, each of which 
 would naturally strive to secure the largest possible 
 grant from the Court, and the interests of the Central 
 Library would suffer. 
 
 Further, without an arrangement for interchange of 
 books between the departments and the Central Library, 
 which could only be effected if all the books were under 
 the control of the Library Committee, the Library 
 accommodation of the Departments would soon prove 
 inadequate and the provision of fresh space would be 
 costly. 
 
 As regards (b), on the other hand, the experience of 
 the American Universities and of the University of Liver- 
 pool indicate that, where the Departmental Libraries form 
 part of the Central Library and are controlled from it, 
 these difficulties are obviated. 
 
 Were this method adopted, all books and periodicals 
 would be ordered by the Library Committee as at present. 
 When received they would be checked and catalogued 
 at the Library and either placed on the Library shelves 
 
10 
 
 or sent to the appropriate Department, a receipt being 
 received for them. 
 
 When in the Department they would be under the 
 charge of a sub-librarian, and the workers in the Depart- 
 ment but not the students, except in special cases 
 would have access to them as they may have at present 
 in the Central Library. The sub-librarian would attend 
 for a definite period each day to give out books and to 
 do work in cataloguing collections of reprints, etc. 
 
 By an arrangement between the Scientific Departments 
 the periodicals which more properly belong to each would 
 be allocated, while those which have a general interest 
 common to two or more Departments would be left in 
 the Central Library. 
 
 Further, by this method it would be possible to arrange 
 that only the more recent numbers and volumes say for 
 the last five years would be kept in the Department, 
 and that the older and less frequently consulted would 
 be returned to the Central Library. 
 
 The catalogue of periodicals would indicate where each 
 is kept, and would thus make them as available as if they 
 were in the Central Library. 
 
 Scientific books would be allocated in the same way, and 
 when two Departments made a claim for any given book, 
 the Library Committee would have to decide whether 
 to buy two copies or simply to place the volume in the 
 Central Library. 
 
 As with periodicals, so with books. After they had 
 remained for a period say of five years in the Depart- 
 ments, they would be returned to the Central Library. 
 
 The Sub-Committee have considered whether the 
 proposed change in the mode of management of the 
 Library would lead to an increased expenditure not 
 commensurate with the increased utility of the Library. 
 While it would probably be necessary to make some slight 
 addition to the staff of the Library, the work of the Central 
 Library would undoubtedly be decreased, since so many 
 
11 
 
 of the recent scientific books and periodicals would have 
 to be applied for at the various departments. 
 
 In conclusion, the Sub-Committee is strongly of the 
 opinion that a definite co-ordination of the Central 
 Library and the various Libraries in the Departments 
 of Observational and Experimental Science, on the lines 
 indicated in this Report, would be to the best interests 
 of the University. 
 
 RECOMMENDATIONS. 
 
 1. That Departmental Libraries, so far as the books 
 contained in them are the property of the University, 
 should form part of the Central Library and be controlled 
 by the Library Committee. 
 
 2. That books and periodicals having special reference 
 to the work of any Scientific Department may be kept 
 in that Department for a period to be decided by the 
 Library Committee in consultation with the Head of the 
 Department. 
 
 3. That all requisitions for books and periodicals re- 
 quired by the various Departments should be sent to the 
 Library Committee for its consideration, and that such 
 books and periodicals should be ordered by the Library 
 Committee. 
 
 4. That all books and periodicals should be received 
 at the Central Library and be catalogued there, whether 
 they are kept in the Central Library or sent to any of the 
 Departments. 
 
 5. That one or more of the Library Staff should attend 
 at each of the Departmental Libraries at specified hours, 
 to be afterwards arranged, to give out books and perio- 
 dicals and to assist in indexing these publications. 
 
 A3 
 
12 
 
 6. That, in the allocation of books and periodicals to 
 the various Departments, the Library Committee should 
 consult with the Heads of the different Departments, and, 
 if a book or periodical is claimed by more than one, it 
 should decide to which Department it should be sent 
 or whether it should be retained in the Central Library. 
 
 ROBERT LATTA. 
 GEORGE A. GIBSON. 
 D. NOEL PATON 
 
 (Convener). 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 STATEMENT as regards the Existence, Develop- 
 ment, and Present Condition of Collections of 
 Books and Periodicals in the various Departments 
 of Observational and Experimental Science in the 
 University of Glasgow furnished by the Professors 
 in charge of each. 
 
 BOTANY. 
 PROFESSOR BOWER. 
 
 " The Department Library now consists of some hundreds 
 of volumes, which have come from various sources, of which 
 the chief are the following : 
 
 (1) Duplicates from the- Walker Arnott Library, about 
 100 volumes, some very valuable. 
 
 (2) Duplicates presented from time to time from the 
 Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 
 
 (3) A long series of ' Gardeners' Chronicle/ given from 
 Royal Gardens, Kew (one of their duplicates). 
 
 (4) A large number of volumes presented from time to time 
 by myself. 
 
 (5) A series of Floras and books of reference bought from 
 my contribution to the equipment fund which was ear-marked 
 for this purpose. The fund is now practically exhausted. 
 
 There are no periodicals taken by the Department at 
 present. But I regularly give 'Nature,' and the ' Botanisches 
 Centralblatt,' both weekly. For other periodicals we have 
 hitherto depended on the Library." 
 
14 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY. 
 PROFESSOR GRAHAM KERR. 
 
 " We have a considerable working Library in my Depart- 
 ment, the bulk of which consists of my private collection. It 
 is my intention that this should remain in the Department 
 when I disappear from the scene. The Library also includes 
 a small collection of pamphlets presented by the executors 
 of the late Professor John Young, and a few text-books pur- 
 chased from time to time. The Library has been " card- 
 catalogued " by my sister, who devoted a great deal of time 
 to the work. 
 
 I have applied for a small grant towards expenses from the 
 University Court, as I fail to see why I should have to pay 
 several pounds a year on this out of my own pocket, but my 
 application has met with no success." 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 PROFESSOR GRAY. 
 
 " The books in the Natural Philosophy Department consist 
 of a few standard treatises on Physics (such as Jamin et 
 Bouty's ' Traite de Physique ') which have been presented 
 to the Department, and such works as Landolt u. Bernstein's 
 ' Physikalische Tabellen,' and Kayser's ' Spectroskopie,' 
 which have been bought for it. They are all works of reference 
 for the use of those at work in the Department, and are not 
 allowed to be removed from the Departmental Rooms. 
 
 I think that this is all the information there is. A few more 
 books of a similar character will be added before long from a 
 list which has been made up." 
 
 ANATOMY. 
 
 PROFESSOR BRYCE. 
 
 " We have in my Department a small fund, Thomson 
 Anatomy Class Library Fund, amounting to about 12 a year. 
 Dr. Cleland subscribed out of this for the ' Journal of Anatomy 
 and Physiology ' and ' American Journal of Anatomy,' and 
 bought a number of books of reference and larger works. 
 Since I came I have spent a good deal of the money in binding 
 
15 
 
 the old Journals and a set of Schwalbes ' Jahresberichte ' 
 which I gave to the Library. I have continued the ' Journal ' 
 and ' Jahresberichte ' and purpose further extending the list 
 of periodicals. I have also purchased some standard works 
 which are more suitable for a class library than the General 
 Library. The fund serves a very useful purpose. I only wish 
 it were larger." 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 PROFESSOR NOEL PATON. 
 
 " The Departmental Library consists of a collection 
 of books and periodicals presented by Professor M'Kendrick 
 on his retirement in 1906, of books, periodicals, and pamphlets 
 belonging to me and of books purchased from grants made by 
 the University Court. 
 
 At present the Library contains : 
 
 Books and bound periodicals, about - - 670 
 
 Unbound periodicals, about - - 1500 
 
 Reprints, about - - 2000 
 
 In 1912 and in the present year the Court have made grants 
 of 20 to the Departmental Library." 
 
 ENGINEERING. 
 PROFESSOR BARR. 
 
 " I recently wrote to the Principal on the subject of our 
 Departmental Library. I enclose a copy. If this does not 
 answer fully all you would like to ask, if you had time to call 
 at the laboratories, Mr. David Thomson, B.Sc., one of my 
 demonstrators, could tell you in more detail than I could how 
 matters stand, as he has had most of the detail work to do in 
 connection with the collection and its upkeep." 
 
 We have in the Library over 500 bound volumes. 
 
 Of these 103 are half-year's volumes of ' Engineering.' 
 52 ' The Engineer.' 
 
 28 'The Electrical 
 
 World.' 
 
 20 ' The Electrician.' 
 
 10 ,, ,, ,, ' Elektro-technische 
 
 Zeitschrift.' 
 
16 
 
 39 are volumes of ' Proceedings of the Institution 
 
 of Civil Engineers.' 
 18 are volumes of ' Proceedings of the Institution 
 
 of Engineers and Shipbuilders.' 
 
 Over 250 are works on the various branches of Engineering. 
 The bulk of these are reference books intended to supplement 
 the matter given in the class lectures and text-books. Most 
 of them are of quite recent publication, nearly all having 
 been bought within the past three years. 
 
 Besides these bound books we have (here follows list of 
 periodicals). 
 
 The books are kept in locked cupboards, and are under 
 the charge of a demonstrator, who issues and receives them. 
 Stock is taken annually. A card-index for the use of students 
 is placed in the Drawing Class-room. 
 
 It cannot be said that the books of the Library are greatly 
 used by the students, due, no doubt, to the facts : 
 
 (1) The average student has very little time for reading 
 
 during the day tune ; 
 
 (2) Books are issued for reading in the Department only. 
 
 Drawing and Laboratory work, together with the lecture 
 classes, fill in the whole of every day of most students, almost 
 to an hour. Books would undoubtedly be far more used if 
 students were permitted to take them home. 
 
 But though the books are not used to a large extent by the 
 average student, it is of great value to the Department to have 
 them there when wanted by such students as have time and 
 occasion to consult them, and they are largely used by members 
 of the Staff who are permitted to take them home. 
 
 I should state that many of the volumes and periodicals 
 have been presented and not acquired by purchase." 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 PROFESSOR STOCKMAN. 
 
 " The Materia Medica Departmental Library was started in 
 1901 with the expenditure of 21 3s. Id., which was part of a 
 grant from the Bellahouston Trustees. Since then a few 
 books have been bought from time to time, as required. We 
 have about 120 books altogether, of which about fifty belong 
 to myself. There is a considerable collection of pamphlets, 
 papers, and odd literature of one kind or another which belong 
 
17 
 
 to me. These are all in use for the Department. All the 
 books are more or less of the nature of reference books. There 
 are no journals or periodicals." 
 
 HYGIENE. 
 
 PROFESSOR GLAISTER. 
 
 " In reply to your letter of the 5th inst., I beg to say that 
 with the exception of about six volumes on the Tropical 
 Medicine Work of the Khartoum Laboratory, all the books, 
 papers, periodicals, Government Reports and Blue-books in 
 the collection of books in my Department are my own pro- 
 perty. 
 
 I applied about a couple of years ago for a grant to provide 
 books from the University Court, but I had no reply then to 
 my communication. I intend again to apply." 
 
 PATHOLOGY (A). 
 PROFESSOR MUIR. 
 
 " In answer to your letter with regard to Departmental 
 Libraries I have to report as follows : 
 
 The late Professor Coats left his Library to this Department, 
 and it is suitably housed. It consists of books and scientific 
 periodicals. Since that time I have continued most of the 
 periodicals and have added one or two others this has been 
 done at my own expense. In this way about a dozen of the 
 most important pathological journals have been coming into 
 the department, and have been used by the workers in the 
 laboratory. I have found that the supply of these journals 
 is essential owing to the distance of the laboratory from the 
 University Library. Last year the Departmental Library had a 
 grant of 20 and this has been entirely expended on periodicals. 
 I, however, consider that a sum of at least 50 annually would 
 be necessary to place the Library on a satisfactory footing so 
 far as current literature is concerned. This system, as you 
 know, means a duplication of certain journals, one set being 
 got for the University Library and one for the Department, 
 and it is desirable, of course, that this waste should be avoided. 
 This might be effected either by (1) the University Library 
 ceasing to take journals got for the Department, or (2) by an 
 arrangement whereby the journals should remain for a time, 
 
18 
 
 say five years, in the Department, and thereafter be removed 
 to the University Library ; that would mean one volume of 
 each journal going up every year or thereby. But whatever 
 arrangement is come to, I consider it necessary that the current 
 numbers of the chief scientific journals should be delivered 
 to the Department and remain there for some time." 
 
 PATHOLOGY (B). 
 PROFESSOR TEACHER. 
 
 " There are practically no books or periodicals in the library 
 of my Department except those I bring there. N.B. We have 
 a Library room ! " 
 
 ASTRONOMY. 
 PROFESSOR BECKER. 
 
 " I enclose the desired statement. The income of the 
 Wilson Fund is now below 40, so that only 20 remain for 
 instruments. If your Committee has to make recommenda- 
 tions as to money grants to Departmental Libraries I should 
 suggest that our Library be included. 
 
 The Library at the Observatory was founded by Professor 
 Patrick Wilson (1760-1784). 
 
 Most of the books are presented to the Observatory, viz. 
 pamphlets, etc., the Annals, Proceedings and Transactions 
 of Observatories and other learned Institutions. 
 
 The remaining books constitute the Professor's and Students* 
 Library, and they are purchased from the income of a fund 
 bequeathed by Dr. Wilson (see Calendar, 1913-14, p. 114). 
 The yearly expenditure amounts to 19 17s. The condition 
 of the older books, especially their bindings, is as good as may 
 be expected considering that they are kept on open shelves. 
 The newer books are kept in glass cases, and they are in perfect 
 condition. The books are duly catalogued up to date, and 
 I estimate their number at about five thousand." 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 PROFESSOR GREGORY. 
 
 ; ' The Geological Department Library consists of : 
 (1) The John Young Library purchased by myself from the 
 
19 
 
 son of the late Under-Keeper of the Hunterian and presented 
 to the Department. It consists mainly of works on local 
 Geology and Palaeontology. 
 
 (2) Miscellaneous books and a few serials presented to the 
 Department by personal donors and the Directors of Geological 
 Survey, Great Britain, of Egypt, Transvaal and Cape Colony. 
 
 (3) Books purchased with the 10 grant from the Court. 
 
 (4) Though not belonging to the University there is a very 
 useful collection of books, mainly current text-books, belonging 
 to the University Geological Society. It is kept in the Labora- 
 tory ; the volumes are lent to the members of the Society, 
 and when not out are available for reference in the Department. 
 
 (5) Geological maps presented by the Directors of Geological 
 Surveys of Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Egypt, etc." 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 Questions sent to the Librarians of other Universities, and 
 the replies received from them. 
 
 The questions will be found on a folded page at the end of the replies. 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 
 1. In separate buildings. 
 
 2. No ; the Class and Departmental Libraries are separate 
 from the Central Library. 
 
 3. i. There is no uniform system, but the Class and Depart- 
 
 mental Libraries are mostly lodged in the various 
 Class-rooms and Laboratories of each Department. 
 n. Nominally they are, but the actual control is very 
 limited. 
 
 (a) Yes, in the majority of cases, but not in all. 
 (6) The Class Libraries are managed under the 
 superintendence of the Head of each Department, 
 the Lecturers, Assistants, etc. No Sub -Librarians 
 are appointed by the Library Committee. 
 
 (e) No, the systems vary in the different Libraries, 
 and in several of the Libraries no books at all are 
 borrowed. 
 
 m. It is difficult to say definitely in some cases, yes. 
 iv. There have been occasional losses of books in some of 
 
 the Libraries. 
 5. The funds are allocated to each Department. 
 
 (Supplemented by letter.) 
 
 F. C. NICHOLSON, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
21 
 
 ST. ANDREWS. 
 
 1. They are in two separate sets of buildings. Mathematics, 
 Physics, Chemistry and Agriculture are at the United College 
 on the north side of the town. Geology, Zoology, Botany, 
 Anatomy and Physiology are in the Bute Buildings on the south 
 side of the town . The Library is about midway between the two . 
 
 2. Yes. 
 
 4. They may work at them in the Library (where there is 
 ample accommodation for all classes of readers) or they may 
 borrow the volumes they require in considerable numbers at 
 a time, and, if necessary, for extended periods. 
 
 5. There is no allocation of Library funds. By a scheme 
 of rotation every Department is periodically represented on 
 the Library Committee, and in this way the claims of all are 
 quite satisfactorily met. 
 
 J. MAITLAND ANDERSON, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY. 
 
 1. The Science books are all in the buildings of Marischal 
 College. 
 
 2. The University collection proper is in a Central Library, 
 but there are twelve Departmental Libraries as well. 
 
 3. i. The latter are housed in the several Departments. 
 
 n. The Central Library Authority is not responsible for 
 the Departmental Libraries ; they are not " in- 
 spected." 
 (a) Yes. 
 
 (6) The Departmental Libraries are managed by 
 the Professors or Lecturers. 
 
 (e) This is in the discretion of the respective 
 Managers, 
 in. Yes. 
 
 iv. It is so believed ; but the Central Library does not 
 " inspect." 
 
 4. In the Central Library the various subjects are arranged 
 in separate alcoves, each with its own stackroom to which 
 out-of-date books retire. 
 
 5. See separate print herewith, pp. 686, 688. 
 
 P. J. ANDERSON, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
22 
 
 OXFORD BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 
 
 1. In separate buildings. (See University Calendar and 
 Reports of University Institutions.) 
 
 2. The main collection of books is in the Bodleian Library, 
 which is entitled to a copy of every book published in the 
 United Kingdom. The following University institutions, 
 which are separate foundations, have important special collec- 
 tions : (1) The Taylorian Institution (foreign languages and 
 literature) ; The Radcliffe Library (scientific books) ; The 
 Indian Institute (Indian books) ; Ashmolean Museum (arch- 
 aeological books). 
 
 n. The Botanic Gardens have a special botanic library. 
 
 (e) No books can be borrowed from the Bodleian 
 by private persons. 
 
 in. The arrangement between the Radcliffe Library and 
 the Bodleian (see below) has proved very satisfactory. 
 iv. Yes. 
 
 4. The Radcliffe Library is allowed to borrow scientific 
 books from the Bodleian for a period not exceeding one month. 
 Certain scientific periodicals (e.g. " Journal of the Chemical 
 Society ") are on permanent loan. (See Statuta Univ. Oxon 
 XX. iii. 11 7.) 
 
 (Supplemented by letter.) 
 
 S. GIBSON, 
 
 Assistant. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 1. Separate buildings and separate controls ; under super- 
 vision by Central Authority of the University. 
 
 2. This used to be so ; but in recent times numerous 
 Departmental Working Libraries have come into existence. 
 
 3. i. In the buildings of the various Departments, 
 n. No. 
 
 in. The subsidiary Libraries have been developed to meet 
 the wants of the workers who, nevertheless, are 
 obliged to fall back upon the Central Library as their 
 main resource. 
 
 iv. No information. 
 
 4. Books and periodicals can in general be borrowed by 
 members of the Senate * and some others, as well as used in 
 the building. 
 
 5. A considerable grant is made to this Library. The funds 
 
23 
 
 of Departmental Libraries are small, and are derived from 
 various sources. 
 
 F. JENKINSON, 
 Librarian. 
 
 1 I.e. graduates with their names on the books of the University. 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON. 
 
 1 . The Institute of Medical Sciences has a building to itself, 
 though almost adjoining the main building. Otherwise the 
 Departments are under one roof. 
 
 2. and 3. I. The overwhelming bulk of the books are in the 
 Central Libraries. A few books are kept for reference in the 
 Departments (largely duplicates, but not entirely). In the 
 case of the Medical Sciences Institute only does this depart- 
 mental collection amount to a Library. The Central Library 
 Is divided into a Reading-room, a Science Library and Arts 
 Libraries ; all adjoining. 
 
 n. Yes. 
 
 (a) Yes. 
 
 (6) The Secretary (a woman) in the Medical 
 Sciences Department has as part of her duties the 
 supervision of the Library, and for this purpose is 
 a member of the Library staff. 
 
 (c) A certain portion of her time between 10-5 
 (not much, as all the organizing is done from the 
 central office). 
 
 (d) 25 of her salary is derived from Library funds. 
 
 (e) Yes. 
 
 m. It is of course a compromise, but I think the best 
 
 possible for us. 
 rv. Yes. 
 
 4. The bulk of the working books are in the Science and 
 Arts Libraries on open shelves. All research workers hold 
 keys of these Libraries and are entitled to borrow. 
 
 5. At the discretion of the Library Committee. 
 
 (Supplemented by pamphlet.) 
 
 R. W. CHAMBERS, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
24 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 1. In separate buildings. 
 
 2. No. 
 
 3. I. See Report. 
 H. Yes. 
 
 (a) Yes. 
 
 (6) Three, one for each Faculty. 
 
 (c) In the two larger Faculties 9.30-5.30, the hours 
 being divided among the several Libraries contained 
 therein ; in the two smaller Libraries of the Faculty 
 of Engineering, a shorter attendance has been found 
 all that is required. 
 
 (d) Varying with the importance of the post. 
 
 (e) Practically the same, 
 in. Yes. 
 
 iv. Yes. 
 
 4. Of. 2 supra. 
 
 5. In the first place to the Faculties, and then by the 
 Faculties to the Departments or Subjects contained therein. 
 
 (Supplemented by letter and Library Report.} 
 
 JOHN SAMPSON, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 1. In separate buildings. 
 
 2. Yes. 
 
 4. Members of the Teaching Staff, and also Research 
 Fellows, are allowed to borrow freely, and may have up to 
 twenty volumes at any one time. 
 
 5. The Library funds are allocated to the various Depart- 
 ments by the Library Committee. 
 
 C. W. E. LEIGH, 
 
 Librarian. 
 (Supplemented by letter from Professor Lorrain Smith.) 
 
 HARVARD. 
 
 DEAR SIR, 
 
 I have your inquiry of March 10th, in regard to 
 methods followed by this Library as to distribution of books 
 and periodicals among departmental or branch libraries. 
 I can probably give you such a brief account of our methods 
 
25 
 
 as will help you better by trying to describe conditions obtain- 
 ing here rather than to answer your questions one by one. 
 
 The Central College Library is a strong all-round collection, 
 except in the departments of Medicine and Law. It is supple- 
 mented, as you will see from a copy of my last annual report 
 sent herewith, by ten large departmental libraries belonging 
 to different departments or scientific institutions of the 
 University (see page 9), and by thirty-six " Special Reference 
 Libraries " (see page 13) connected with laboratories or special 
 departmental buildings, such as Philosophy, Architecture, and 
 the Fogg Museum of Art, or forming small collections for the 
 use in some cases of advanced students, in other cases of younger 
 students in the large elementary courses, in which many 
 copies of certain books are required. All of these smaller 
 collections are scattered, as you will see, in different buildings. 
 Many of them would be better off under the same roof with 
 the general Central Library, and room will no doubt be found 
 for them in the new building which we are soon to have. 
 Others, and hi particular the laboratory libraries, would 
 always be more conveniently used in direct connection with 
 the laboratories to which they belong. 
 
 To a large degree these special reference libraries duplicate 
 books found in the Central Library, but it is also true to a 
 considerable extent that they contain additional material 
 of their own, particularly when the special library has had 
 generous funds of its own for the purchase of books. This 
 is particularly true in the case of numbers 16 (Social Ethics), 
 23 (Semitic), 25 (Mining and Metallurgy), 26 (Engineering), 
 29 (Education which includes a large collection of school 
 text-books), 30 (Business), 32 (Architecture), 32 (Landscape 
 Architecture), 34 (Bureau for Municipal Research). All of 
 these have considerable collections exceeding the collection 
 on the same subject in the main Library, and including in 
 some cases many pamphlets, annual reports, etc. As any of 
 these books become less valuable in the department library 
 and are displaced by new ones, they are turned over to the 
 Central Library and preserved here. 
 
 The funds of the General Library, yielding an income of 
 about $20,000 a year, are in no case used for the building up 
 of these branch reference libraries. The money which supports 
 them is obtained from laboratory fees, from special grants 
 from the Corporations and in many cases from special gifts. 
 All of these libraries are technically branches of the Central 
 
26 
 
 Library, and books for them are bought through the Central 
 Library, and when the branch library has no competent person 
 in charge, the books are also catalogued at the Central Library. 
 When the cataloguing, however, can be satisfactorily done 
 in the branch library, it is done in that way, in order to save 
 time in the Central Library. Most of the libraries specially 
 mentioned above have librarians or curators of their own, and 
 some of the others have attendants in charge. A few of the 
 smaller ones are in rooms accessible only to graduate students 
 interested in their own subject, and these are kept in order by 
 an assistant sent from the main library from time to time. 
 
 The larger department libraries mentioned at first are more 
 independent of the College Library, having their own buildings, 
 their own funds, and their own librarians and attendants. 
 They buy their own books independently, and are only re- 
 quired to send in to the College Library on cards the titles of 
 books acquired, so that the official catalogue in the College 
 Library may contain reasonably complete information in 
 regard to the contents both of the department and of the 
 special reference libraries. 
 
 The Director of the University Library " visits and inspects 
 the Law, Medical and special libraries, and is ex-officio a member 
 of their administrative committees." The position is of 
 somewhat recent creation, and one object of the office is to 
 promote cooperation among the libraries of the University. 
 The administration of the different department and reference 
 libraries varies a good deal from one to the other, in each case 
 being adapted so far as possible to the needs and desires of the 
 department. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 WM. C. LANE. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 ANN ARBOR, MICH., 
 
 26th March, 1913. 
 DEAR SIR, 
 
 I am in receipt of your favor of March 10, and in 
 reply beg leave to enclose my answers to your questionnaire. 
 This subject of departmental libraries is a very vital one, and 
 has recently been well treated by Mr. Henry Bliss in the 
 " Educational Review " for April, 1912, pp. 387-409, and by 
 Mr. J. C. M. Hanson, Assistant Director of the University 
 
27 
 
 of Chicago Library, in a paper read before the College and 
 Reference Section at the Ottawa meeting of the American 
 Library Association, pp. 280-292. I am asking Mr. Hanson to 
 send you a reprint of this article. If he has already done so, 
 my letter will do no harm. The references at the head of Mr. 
 Hanson's article will be found very useful, I think, in connec- 
 tion with my categorical replies to your questionnaire. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 THEO. W. KOCH. 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 1 . In the University of Michigan the Scientific Departments 
 are lodged in separate buildings. 
 
 2. The bulk of the library is contained in the General 
 Library. The following departmental collections are housed 
 in departmental buildings : Law, Engineering (including 
 Architecture), Chemistry, Geology, Mineralogy (in part), 
 Zoology, Botany, Philosophy (in part), Physics (in part), and 
 Astronomy. 
 
 3. The Law library has its own librarian and staff. The 
 Engineering and Chemistry have departmental librarians 
 appointed from the staff of the main library. All of the 
 ordering, classifying and cataloging is done in the main 
 library. The Engineering department has its own library 
 committee, and its own budget of $3,000 per year. The 
 Chemistry department has a library committee, the chairman 
 of which is a member of the library committee of the literary 
 faculty, which has charge in a general way of the main library. 
 
 (a) The books and periodicals are, with the exception 
 of those in Law, received at the Central Library, where 
 bills are checked up, books are classified and cataloged 
 before distribution. In no other way can duplicates be 
 avoided. We ought to be informed as to what is being 
 purchased in the Law library, but we do not learn of it 
 until it is too late. For example, in this way the Law 
 library has duplicated some expensive sets already con- 
 tained in the Central Library. 
 
 (6) As stated above, there are Sub -Librarians in charge 
 of the Engineering and Chemistry libraries. The other 
 departments are in charge of assistants in the various 
 departments, but this is an unsatisfactory arrangement. 
 
28 
 
 The University is asking from the State Legislature a 
 grant for a new science building in which we are to see 
 provision made for a good scientific library to be in charge 
 of a Sub-Librarian with requisite training. (See my 
 article on " The Four Needs of the University Library/' 
 of which I enclose a copy.) 
 
 (c) Forty-two hours per week are expected of all 
 library assistants. The main library is open 14 J hours 
 per day consecutively. We have to have at least two 
 shifts, and since we have had two reading-rooms we have 
 nearly four shifts. 
 
 (d) The salaries of departmental librarians are from 
 $700- $750 per year. At present we have only a sub- 
 stitute in charge of the Engineering library, the regular 
 librarian having resigned three months ago. 
 
 (e) We have one charging system throughout the main 
 library and departments. The workers in the University 
 seem to be fairly contented with library conditions, but, 
 of course, any University librarian cannot expect to 
 satisfy all members of the Faculty. . . . 
 
 We have found comparatively few books missing, but, of 
 course, books disappear for the time being. Members of 
 the Faculty are apt to lay this to the students, but then 
 we know that among the books missing there are many 
 titles which would not interest an undergraduate. . . . 
 
 4. While the whole collection is not in the main library, we 
 have in our upper reading-room sufficient facilities for pursuing 
 work on special subjects in our Faculty reading-room and 
 seminary rooms. 
 
 5. Funds are allotted to various Faculty members and in 
 the literary department are subdivided among special depart- 
 ments. 
 
 (Supplemented by five pamphlets.) 
 
 JOHNS HOPKINS. 
 
 1 . Natural sciences each in a separate building. Humanities 
 together under one roof. 
 
 2. No. 
 
 3. I. Each department, whether of sciences or humanities, 
 
 has its own library attached to itself. Outside of all 
 
29 
 
 these departmental libraries is a general reference 
 library and reading-room. 
 n. Yes. 
 
 (a) Yes. 
 
 (6) A paid woman attendant in each of the follow- 
 ing departments : Medicine, Geology, Philosophy ; 
 paid instructor in History (Economics and Political 
 Science) and Modern Languages ; paid student in 
 Biology ; unpaid professor elsewhere. 
 
 (c) 9 a.m. -5 p.m., with half hour for lunch. Satur- 
 day afternoon free. Forty-two hours per week 
 for full salaried attendants and paid instructor ; 
 tuition for student. 
 
 (d) From $30 to $50 a month. 
 
 (e) Yes. 
 
 m. The departmental library system is here to stay. Its 
 faults we are trying to correct in the new building 
 we are just starting to erect. 
 
 iv. The impression is that our losses have been moderate. 
 5. Not allocated. A library committee composed of the 
 President of the University (Chairman, ex-off,cio), four pro- 
 fessors and the Librarian (Secretary ex-officio) meet monthly 
 and pass upon all requests presented. 
 
 Separate Library Committee and appropriation for Medical 
 School. Librarian is a member of this also, together with the 
 Dean and several professors. 
 
 (Supplemented by letter.) 
 
 M. L. RANEY, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 1. In separate buildings. 
 
 2. All the books belonging to the University are under the 
 control of the Central Library ; but not all are kept in it. 
 
 3. i. The Law Library is separately housed in Boalt Hall of 
 
 Law. Medical library is in San Francisco. The 
 various departments of instruction have " labora- 
 tory " libraries, reinforced with " loans," more or 
 less permanent, from the main library, 
 n. Yes. 
 
 (a) Yes ; and priced and ordered through and by 
 the Centra] Library. 
 
30 
 
 (6) Generally but one person and one who merely 
 has charge ; doing no technical bibliographical work. 
 
 (c) Varies ; average about six hours. 
 
 (d) Small ; student, or graduate student, help. 
 
 (e) In the main the books in the departments do 
 not circulate, but are for reference simply or local 
 use. 
 
 ni. Yes. 
 
 iv. Yes. Now and again a volume temporarily disappears. 
 
 4. Seminary rooms in main library for use of instructors 
 and advanced or graduate students. Stack privileges to those 
 students whose work necessitates granting them. 
 
 5. Funds. I enclose printed " Distribution of Funds," 
 which will give full information as to expenditure for books 
 and periodicals and binding. 
 
 (Supplemented by pamphlet.} 
 
 J. C. ROWELL, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 YALE. 
 
 1. The laboratories, etc., are in separate buildings. 
 
 2. Yes ; to some extent duplicates are placed in the depart- 
 mental libraries in the seminaries and laboratories. 
 
 3. i. Yes. 
 
 n. (a) Generally speaking, yes. 
 
 (e) No books can be withdrawn from the depart- 
 mental libraries. 
 
 in. The majority of the Faculty approve of preserving the 
 main collections of books in the Central Library. 
 
 iv. There is some difficulty in administering the depart- 
 mental libraries. 
 
 4. The reading-rooms of the Central University Library 
 are open from 8.30 a.m. to 10 p.m. 
 
 5. Generally speaking, the departmental libraries have their 
 own funds and sources of income, e.g. University appropria- 
 tions. 
 
 (Supplemented by three Reports.) 
 
 JOHN C. SCHWAB. 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 PRINCETON. 
 
 1. Separate buildings. 
 
 2. Five-sixths in Central Library, one-sixth in Departmental 
 Libraries. 
 
31 
 
 3. n. Yes. 
 
 (a) Yes. 
 
 (b) (a) Two full time ; (6) Various Fellows, etc., 
 part time. 
 
 (c) In general 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. 
 
 (d) (1) $1200; (2) $720.00; (3) Various, but 
 
 slight. 
 
 (e) Borrowings not great ; system simple, 
 m. Yes. 
 
 iv. Controlled by Central Library, with annual census ; 
 
 loss very slight. 
 5. Each department. 
 
 (Supplemented by Report.} 
 
 G. S. RICHARDSON, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 1. In separate buildings. 
 
 2. No. 
 
 3. I. See " Readers' Manual " sent under separate cover. 
 
 Note plate facing page 17. 
 n. Yes. 
 
 (a) Books : yes ; many books are placed in branch 
 collections temporarily only. Periodicals of interest 
 to special departments only are mailed direct to those 
 departments and a check list of numbers received is 
 kept in the department. The bound volumes are 
 cataloged in the General Library, Catalog Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 (b) There are eleven department librarians, each 
 with one or more clerical assistants. 
 
 (c) In the larger department reading-rooms, such 
 as those in the Schools of Law, Fine Arts, Teachers' 
 College, the hours are the same as those in the 
 General Library ; that is, from 8.30 a.m. until 
 11 p.m. 
 
 (d) The salaries of department librarians vary from 
 $900 to $1800. Expenditures for the department 
 libraries are as follows : 
 
 Teachers' CoUege - - - - $6800 
 Law School - 2400 
 
 Political Science - 1800 
 
32 
 
 Philosophy $1200 
 
 School of Medicine 1200 
 
 Natural Science - 1200 
 
 Applied Science - 1500 
 
 Fine Arts - 2460 
 
 School of Journalism - 2640 
 
 Barnard College - 1275 
 
 College Study - 2120 
 
 (e) In the larger department libraries, such as Law, 
 Medicine, Teachers' College, the system of recording 
 loans is the same as in the General Library ; but in 
 the smaller department reading-rooms a less elaborate 
 record is required. 
 
 m. It would be wrong to say that the system has proved 
 perfectly satisfactory to either the users of the 
 Library or the officers of the Library. We are in a 
 process of transition from what may be called a 
 college type of organization to a University type of 
 organization, and the adaptation of the means to 
 the ends must of course proceed slowly, 
 iv. There is more or less unauthorized removal of books 
 from reading-rooms which do not have supervision, 
 as well as from those which have : and there are some 
 losses of books by theft, but probably not more than 
 is to be expected in a community of this size and 
 character. Certainly not enough to warrant expendi- 
 ture for police service or the locking up of the books. 
 5. The book funds are allotted in part to faculties and in 
 part to departments, the tendency being to allot to faculties, 
 and secondarily, to departments within each faculty. 
 
 (Supplemented by two Reports.) 
 
 W. DAWSON JOHNSTON, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 MY DEAR SIB, 
 
 I have your letter of February 24th. I beg leave to 
 reply to your questions as follows : 
 
 1. In separate buildings. 
 
 2. There is a General Library and a number of departmental 
 libraries, as indicated in a copy of the University handbook 
 sent herewith. 
 
33 
 
 3. I. In general the departments of the University are 
 grouped into certain groups, such as the Biological, 
 Classical, Modern Language, etc. Each such group 
 has, or is expected in due time to have, a depart- 
 mental building. In cases in which a departmental 
 building is not yet provided, a portion of a general 
 building is assigned to the department. The depart- 
 mental library is located in this buildiug or portion 
 of a building assigned to the department. Three 
 groups of departments : namely, History and Social 
 Sciences, Modern Language, and Philosophy, are at 
 present given space for their departmental libraries 
 and for seminar rooms in the General Library building. 
 As a natural consequence these libraries are admini- 
 stered more nearly as a part of the General Library 
 than in the case of libraries located in other buildings. 
 It is contemplated, however, that, as the General 
 Library grows, buildings closely adjoining the General 
 Library building, which might rather be called 
 extensions of the building, will be erected for these 
 several departments, and that when this is accom- 
 plished their class rooms, seminar rooms and depart- 
 mental reading-rooms will be transferred to these 
 buildings. The books of these departments, how- 
 ever, will always remain in the same classification 
 as those of the General Library, it being contemplated 
 that the stack rooms of these departments will be 
 physically continuous with those of the General 
 Library. The building plan is shown in a separate 
 pamphlet sent herewith. 
 
 ii. Yes, with the co-operation of Library Advisers repre- 
 senting the departments of instruction concerned. 
 
 (a) Yes. 
 
 (6) At present seven, with five assistant librarians 
 and various student assistants. 
 
 (c) The libraries are open in general from 8 a.m. 
 to 10 p.m., but in some cases close at 6 p.m. The 
 attendants are under the general requirement of 
 forty hours a week service. In exceptional cases 
 libraries are open for even shorter periods, as, for 
 example, in the case of Chemistry which is open 
 only three hours a day. 
 
 (d) From $600 per annum to $2000 per annum. 
 
34 
 
 (e) In the larger ones, yes ; in the smaller ones, no. 
 But we are endeavouring as rapidly as possible to 
 introduce the same system throughout all libraries, 
 in. To a majority of them. Some would prefer a central 
 system to the exclusion of the departmental system. 
 Movement has been in the direction of centralization 
 and will continue to be, but quite certainly not to 
 the extent of extinguishing the departmental libraries, 
 iv. Reasonably well. There have occasionally been 
 rather heavy losses in the past, especially, when much 
 less careful oversight of the departments was exercised 
 by the central administration than at present. It 
 is our expectation eventually to eliminate all un- 
 reasonable losses. 
 
 5. A certain sum to the General Library and a certain sum 
 to each department, orders of the latter being subject to a veto 
 by the Director. 
 
 Very truly yours. 
 
 ERNEST D. BURTON, 
 
 Director of the Libraries. 
 (Supplemented by three Reports.} 
 
 CORNELL. 
 
 1. The scientific departments of Cornell University are 
 lodged in a number of separate buildings. 
 
 2. We have a general Library Building containing the 
 majority of the books, but considerable numbers are deposited 
 in the various scientific departments. 
 
 3. i. All books are first received at the General Library, are 
 
 catalogued in the general card catalogue, and then 
 are transferred to department collections as needed, 
 always subject to recall for use in the library building. 
 n. Yes, in a general way. An attendant from the 
 General Library is sent at intervals to check up the 
 books deposited in the branch collections. 
 
 (a) Yes, as above. 
 
 (6) One attendant for each of the larger depart 
 ment collections, in all about six. 
 
 (c) The hours vary in the different departments. 
 But in all cases these collections are not open so 
 long hours as in the General Library. 
 
35 
 
 (d) The salaries vary greatly ; in some cases the 
 Director's clerk or stenographer takes charge of the 
 collection in the department in addition to other 
 duties. 
 
 (e) Practically the same. 
 
 in. On the whole, yes. There are some complaints about 
 books not being as accessible in the department 
 collections as in the General Library on account of 
 shorter hours and the scattering of the books. 
 
 iv. On the whole, yes. 
 
 4. See Rules 28 and 30 of the printed Rules and Regulations, 
 a copy of which is enclosed herewith (Enclosure A). Practi- 
 cally no limit is placed on the number of volumes that may 
 be transferred to a department collection except other needs of 
 the University. 
 
 5. The distribution of the book funds is made each year by 
 the Library Council, composed of the President of the Uni- 
 versity, the Librarian, one member of the Board of Trustees, 
 and four members of the University Faculty ; seven in all 
 (See copy of distribution for 1912-13 enclosed, Enclosure B). 
 
 (Supplemented by two Reports.) 
 
 G. W. HARRIS, 
 
 Librarian. 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 1. Each Scientific Department has its separate building. 
 
 2. Yes. (But see 3.) 
 
 3 and 4. All books and periodicals are received and cata- 
 logued at the Central Library. On request, books are trans- 
 ferred temporarily to the departmental libraries. The last 
 ten years' volumes of periodicals relating to special subjects 
 may be kept in the departmental libraries. Each department 
 makes its own provision for keeping and handling the books 
 transferred to it. The branch collections are under the autho- 
 rity of the Central Library, in that each department accounts 
 annually for all volumes borrowed. Loss or damage has to 
 be made good to the Central Library. The system has proved, 
 on the whole, satisfactory. Occasional friction occurs between 
 departments in the case of periodicals that cover more than one 
 special field. This may be avoided by duplication of the 
 subscription. 
 
 5. Each year a general appropriation of money for the 
 Library is made. This is divided among the various depart- 
 
36 
 
 ments according to their supposed needs. That having been 
 done, each Department sends in orders for books, etc., up to 
 the extent of its appropriation. All the ordering, receiving 
 and cataloguing is done by the Central Library. 
 
 G. H. NEEDLEB, 
 
 Acting Librarian. 
 
 M'GILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL. 
 
 1. In separate buildings (several). 
 
 2. No. 
 
 3. i. Main collection in Central Library ; branch collections 
 
 varying in size from fifty vols. to 2500 vols. in depart- 
 mental libraries, or in office of the Head of a depart- 
 ment ; sometimes in both, 
 n. Yes ; in every case, except Medical collection. 
 
 (a) Yes ; with above exception. 
 
 (6) No sub-librarians are set apart exclusively for 
 this service. Checking the larger collections is done 
 by assistant of Central Library ; the supervision, etc., 
 by demonstrators and janitors. 
 
 (c) No stated time. The books are often without 
 supervision. 
 
 (d) From $55.00 per month ($660.00 per annum) 
 down. But demonstrators and janitors receive 
 nothing from library for what they do. 
 
 (e) Pretty nearly, in most departments. In two 
 it is different. 
 
 in. Fairly. There being insufficient supervision in certain 
 departments ; books are sometimes misplaced be- 
 tween the weekly checkings. 
 
 iv. On the whole, yes. In one department, which 
 contains a collection of reference books for under- 
 graduate use, no. 
 
 5. The funds are all allocated to the Library Committee, 
 which retains a certain portion for works of general reference, 
 bibliographies, and large and important works for central 
 collection ; the rest of the money is allocated by the Library 
 Committee to the different departments. 
 
 (Supplemented by letter.) 
 
 C. H. GOULD. 
 
 Librarian. 
 
QUESTIONS. 
 
 1 . In your University are the various Scientific Departments 
 lodged in one building or in separate buildings ? 
 
 2. Is the whole collection of books and periodicals belonging 
 to the University lodged in a Central Library ? 
 
 3. If not lodged in a Central Library 
 
 i. How are they disposed ? 
 II. Are the branch collections under the control of the 
 
 Central Library Authority ? 
 In that case 
 
 (a) Are the books and periodicals received and 
 catalogued at the Central Library before distri- 
 bution ? 
 
 (6) What number of Sub -Librarians are required 
 to manage the branch libraries ? 
 
 (c) What are their hours of attendance ? 
 
 (d) What salaries do they receive ? 
 
 (e) Is the system of recording borrowing the 
 same in the branches as in the Central Library ? 
 
 in. Has the system proved satisfactory to the workers 
 
 in the University ? 
 rv. Have the books been properly preserved ? 
 
 4. If the whole collection is in a Central Library, what 
 facilities are given to workers in the various Scientific Depart- 
 ments for the use of books and periodicals ? 
 
 5. How are the funds available for Library purposes allo- 
 cated ? To each Faculty or to each Department ? 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY