GIFT F NAVY OEPAKTMKN1 1 t .V, 3. H. 81 LUBRICATING OILS AS PURCHASED BY BUREAU 01 ENGINEERING NAVY DEPARTMENT General Information for Refiners of Petroleum Revised March 1, 1920 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR REFINERS OF PETROLEUM REGARDING TESTS OF LUBRICATING OILS AT THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION, ANNAPOLIS, MD. ALSO INFORMATION CONCERNING TESTS OF GREASES AND SOLUBLE OILS AT THE LABORATORY OF THE MACHINERY DIVISION, NAVY YARD, NEW YORK Revised and issued under date of March 1, 1920, by the Bureau of |MMB Engineering, and subject to change or modification as found desirable WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 GIFT LUBRICATING OILS. 1. Lubricating oils, TJ. S. Navy. Lubricating oils, set forth in the annual proposal to meet the requirements of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, are divided as follows: (a) Kefrigeration ice machine oil. (6) Force feed and motor cylinder oils. (c) Steam engine oils for wick feed and cylinder. (d) Electrical oils for transformers and switches. 2. Navy classification. To meet the requirements of varied types of machinery throughout the naval service, ashore and afloat, these main divisions of lubricants are subdivided into classifications, according to viscosity or adaptability : REFRIGERATION. (1) Ice machine oil 65-75 Saybolt 130 F. FORCE FEED AND MOTOR CYLINDER OILS. Force feed, turbine and recip- rocating. Saybolt @ 130 F. (2) Light 100-115 (3) Medium. 125-145 (4) Heavy 180-200 (5) Extra heavy 240-260 (6) Ultra heavy 300-320 (7) Aviation oil, summer 90-100 @ 210 F. (8) Aviation oil, winter 75-85 210 F. STEAM ENGINE OILS. (9) Marine engine compound above 65 @-210 F., Wick feed (10) Marine engine straight mineral Wick feed. (11) Steam cylinder, mineral . . . .Piston rods and cylinders. (12) Steam cylinder, mineral, superheat ... Shore stations. ELECTRICAL. (13) Transformer oil. (3) 458703 3. Trade name as a specification. There are no specifi- cations for these various grades of lubricating oil. The Bureau prefers to rely on the integrity of character of an oil as specified by the manufacturer's trade name which represents an approved standard of lubricating quality. 4. Test at Engineering Experiment Station. In order to establish the merits of a lubricating oil submitted under any one .of the above classifications, the Bureau of Steam Engineering conducts a laboratory test at the Engineering Experiment Station, Annapolis, Md., and a subsequent service test under operating conditions afloat. If found acceptable the trade name and the name of the manu- facturer and the oil's classification are placed on the Bureau's acceptable list, and remain there permanently so long as the quality of the manufacture is kept standard with the samples submitted for test. 5. Acceptable list. Oils under specified trade name have been submitted by manufacturers from year to year to meet the bureau's requirements. The results of the Bureau's laboratory test and service tests afloat, formulate the Bureau's acceptable list and unacceptable list of lubri- cating oils. 6. It is to the interest of the oil manufacturer to have on the Bureau's acceptable list at least one oil covering each of the classifications enumerated. The Bureau pre- fers to have, if possible, one firm to handle the entire contract for one or both coasts, Atlantic and Pacific. 7. Manufacturer's application for test. The company desiring tests of lubricating oil must make written appli- cation to the Navy Department, Bureau of Steam Engineer- ing, Washington, D. C., and state the trade name of each oil and the classification under which it is offered. The Bureau of Steam Engineering will authorize and direct the Engineering Experiment Station to make the test under conditions that follow. 8. Cost of test. (a) All expenses of tests are borne by the com- pany. (6) Cost of test varies with the labor involved and the number of oils tested, the expense being reduced where an oil proves unacceptable in the early stages of the test. (c) In general, a deposit of $50 is required for a test of one oil and $300 for six or eight oils. 9. Samples for test. Samples are furnished without cost to the Government. Usually the quantities required are: REFRIGERATION. Gallons. Ice machine oil 5 FORCE FEED AND MOTOR CYLINDER OIL. Light 10 Medium 10 Heavy 10 Extra heavy 5 Ultra heavy 5 Aviation 20 STEAM-ENGINE OILS. Marine engine compounded 5 Marine engine straight mineral 5 Steam cylinder mineral 1 Steam cylinder mineral superheat 1 ELECTRICAL OIL. Transformer oil 1 10. Shipment instructions. Sample quantities of oil are to be shipped, with all express or other charges prepaid, to Supply Officer, Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., plainly marked "For test at Engineering Experiment Station." 11. Payment of deposit. Before the test is started, a check to cover the cost of test, payable to Superintendent, U. S. Naval Academy , must be mailed direct to that official at Annapolis, Md. Any unexpended balance will be returned to the exhibitor. 12. Order of precedence. Authorized tests are given a number and are taken up in regular order. 13. Witnessing a test. Representatives of the company for whom tests are being conducted are privileged to be present and witness the methods of testing employed. 14. Confidential nature of tests.- All tests are made with the strict understanding that they are for the information of the Government only, and that the results are not to be used for advertising purposes. 15. Trade name. The trade name of an oil is regarded by the Bureau as a permanent specification, representing characteristics and qualifications as tested and supplied throughout. Oils which are subsequently changed with- out notification to the Bureau are eliminated from further consideration. Manufacturers are urged to adopt for a particular oil a trade name that is permanent, and which has some indica- tion of its character and use, for example: Eskimo Ice Machine, Cetus 200, Monogram Medium, Galena Heavy 500, Ocean Marine Engine, and 600 W. Cylinder. It has been found convenient in classifying force feed oils to have companies affix to the name of an oil the Saybolt viscosity at 130 Fahrenheit. 16. Test at Engineering Experiment Station. In so far as possible all tests on lubricating oils are made in accordance with standard or tentative standard tests of the American Society for Testing Materials. A complete test consists of three parts: chemical, physical, and practical. 17. CTiemical analysis. To successfully pass the chem- ical tests all oils should be neutral in reaction and should not show the presence of moisture, matter insoluble in petroleum ether (hard asphalt), matter insoluble in ether alcohol (soft asphalt), sulphur, charring or waxlike con- stituents, napthenic acids, .sulphonated oils, soap, resin, or tarry constituents, the presence of which indicates adulteration or lack of proper refining. Except in oil for engines without forced lubrication, no traces of fixed oils (animal or vegetable fats) should be found. 18. In lubricating oil for main engines without forced lubrication, approved fixed oils, such as rapeseed, olive, tallow, lard, and neat's-foot oil may be used. When the above fixed oils are used, they will be well refined with alkalies, unadulterated, containing a minimum of free fatty acids, with no moisture or gumming constituents. Olive oil should not have a high specific gravity. If satisfactory emulsifying results can be obtained with straight mineral oils on engines without forced lubrication they may be submitted for service test. 19. The physical tests applied to each oil are as follows: (a) Specific gravity pyknometer. Baume gravity. (b) Flash find fire point (Cleveland open cup). The flash point should not be below 320 F., open cup; and for steam cylinder oil not below 490 F. Aviation oil not below 410 F. (c) Pour test. The pour test should not be above 32 F. The cold test of cylinder oils may exceed 32 F. For ice- machine oils the pour test should be as low as possible, at least low enough for the operating condition of minus 35 F. in a dense-air ice machine. For aviation oil, summer, not above 45 F.; winter, not above 15 F. (d) Viscosity. The Saybolt Standard Universal Vis- cosimeter is used. The viscosity of the oils must be suffi- cient for the purpose intended, and, except for ice-machine oils, must not be less than 100 seconds, at 130 F. Vis- cosity is taken at 100, 130, and 210 F. (e) Carbon: Ice-machine oils and light medium and heavy forced feed and motor cylinder oils must not show a carbon residue of over 0.5 per cent, the extra heavy and 8 ultra heavy force teed and motor cylinder oils not over 1 per cent, and aviation motor oils not over 1.5 per cent; carbon residue to be determined by the Conradson method. The carbon shown must be loose and flaky and must break up easily in the crucible. (/) Emulsion tests. Emulsion tests are made on all straight mineral oils, except cylinder oils. Four emulsion runs are made, using 40 c. c. of oil in each case and (1) 40 c. c. of distilled water. (2) 40 c. c. of 1 per cent sodium chloride solution. (3) 40 c. c. of normal caustic soda. (4) 40 c. c. of boiling distilled water. The mixture is stirred with a paddle for five minutes at 1,500 revolutions per minute, the mixture being kept at a temperature of 130 F. during the stirring and while settling out. On oils used with forced lubrication or on ice ma- chines the oil must completely settle out in less than 30 minutes. Aviation motor oils when stirred as above with distilled water and a 1 per cent sodium chloride solution at 180 F., the bath being maintained at 180 F., shall settle out completely in less than one hour. Compounded marine engine oils when stirred as above with distilled water and a 1 per cent sodium chloride solution at 130 F. ; the bath being maintained at 130 F., the oils should remain completely emulsified for at least one hour; the emulsion should be of a heavy, creamy nature. (g) Evaporation test. All' lubricating oils are tested for evaporation. Into a brass cup lf-| inches outside diame- ter, If-f inches inside diameter, and -^ inch in thickness, are weighed 5 grams of oil, which is then heated in a constant temperature electric oven, the temperature being taken by a thermometer whose bulb is just over the cup. Ice- machine oils should not give an evaporation of over 4 per cent. All other oils should not give over 2.5 per cent of evaporation. 20. Practical tests are of three different kinds: (a) For force feed and motor c} T linder, (i) wick feed tests of marine engine oils, (c) block test of aviation oils. (a) For force feed and motor cylinder oils, tests are made on the experiment station friction machine to deter- mine the relative friction under varying conditions of speed, bearing cap pressures, and temperatures. A test journal 6 inches long by 3yi inches in diameter is lubricated by force feed. The journal is revolved at a speed of 2,000 revolutions per minute, and is maintained under a bearing pressure of 150 pounds per square inch. During the test the circulating oil is not cooled but is allowed to attain any temperature which it may. The lubricating oil is fed to the upper on-side of the bearing at a pressure of 15 pounds gauge and is continuously circulated from the oil reservoir to the test journal and back to the oil reservoir. The oil is tested for a total period of 100 hours, readings are taken hourly of the temperatures of the bearing and circulating oil and hourly calculations are made of the coefficient of friction. The lubricating oil is examined after the test in order to determine its condition and the nature of the changes which take place in the oil during the practical test. Tests of ice-machine oils are made on the ^-ton Allen dense air ice machine for a period of at least 100 hours. (b) Wick feed tests of marine engine oils : The apparatus used for the wick feed test consists of a brass box divided into eight compartments, each compartment holding about 1 quart of the oil to be tested. Each compartment is fitted with a -i-inch internal diameter brass tube which serves as an oilway and feeds into a graduated glass cylin- der, where the quantity of oil fed by eight strands of worsted zephyr is measured. The lift of the wicks is maintained between \ and J inch and is uniform for all 17234620 2 10 the oils being tested. The oils are maintained at the same temperature in the different compartments, generally from 90 to 100 F. The oils undergoing test are compared in their wick-feeding properties with oils which are known to be satisfactory. The test runs continuously for 14 days, and at the end of the fourteenth day the rate of flow should be at least 30 per cent of the rate of flow at the end of the first day. (c) Practical tests of oils for aircraft engine lubrication are made on a Liberty aircraft engine, mounted on a test stand at the Engineering Experiment Station. Upon com- pletion of the test as above, a service test will be run at a designated air station in actual flight. 21. Service tests. Ice-machine oils, all force feed and motor cylinder oils, including aviation, and marine engine oils are, after the Engineering Experiment Station test, subjected to service test under operating conditions afloat. The oil is put in the lubricating system of a vessel and subjected to practical test for not less than 10 days. The bureau does not restrict itself to any conditions governing the service test, but for purposes of illustration the follow- ing table is inserted to show the type of machinery and quantities of oil usually required. Barrels. Ice Machine Oil Allen Dense Air Ice Machine ... 1 Force Feed and Motor Cylinder Oils: Light Turbine Reduction Gear Destroyer. . . 20 Medium Turbine Reduction Gear Destroyer 20 Heavy Force Feed Reciprocating Battleship ... 30 Extra Heavy Heavy Oil Engine Submarine . . 10 Ultra Heavy Heavy Gasoline Motor Launch 4 Aviation Oil High Speed Gasoline Motor . . . Seaplane. . . 4 Steam Engine Oils: Marine Engine Compounded Wick Feed Reciprocating. . 4 Marine Engine Straight Mineral Wick Feed Reciprocating. . 4 Steam Cylinder No service test. Steam Cylinder Superheat No service test. 11 22. Companies expecting service tests should make inquiry of the bureau as to anticipated quantities required and locate stocks on the coast in order to avoid shipment delay when vessels are detailed to make the test. Oil for service test is purchased by the Bureau at a price the same as the existing contract price for corresponding oil under the annual Navy contract. 23. As correspondence and arrangements in connection with test, the actual conducting, of test, and unforeseen contingencies frequently consume many months, prospec- tive bidders should submit their oils for test eight months before they intend to bid for Government contracts. TESTS OF GREASES AND SOLUBLE CUTTING OILS AT NAVY YARD, NEW YORK. 24. Other lubricants in use in the naval service are (a) greases, (6) cutting oils, classified as follows: GREASES. (13) Mineral grease, hard Spec. 14-G-lc, Aug. 1, 1919 (14) Mineral grease, medium... Spec. 14-G-lc, Aug. 1, 1919 (15) Graphite grease, hard Spec. 14-G-2d, Aug. 1, 1919 (16) Graphite grease, medium. Spec. 14-G-2d, Aug. 1, 1919 (17) Petrolatum Spec. 14-P-la, June 1, 1917 (18) Petroleum residuum Spec. 51-P-8a, July 1, 1919 CUTTING OILS. (19) Soluble cutting oil Spec. 14-0-10b, Nov. 1, 1918 (20) Cutting compound paste. Spec. 14-C-3b, Jan. 2,1917 (21) Mineral lard oil Spec. 14-O-9b, Nov. 1, 1918 (22) Lard oil Spec. 14-O-7a, Oct. 1, 1917 25. Specifications. Each of these products is covered by Navy Department specification, number of which is set opposite its name. 26. Purchase. This class of products is not made the subject of annual contract. The Bureau purchases various quantities through the agency of navy yards and shore stations, by means of local contracts, from time to time as required by the individual navy yards and stations. 27. Tests for acceptability. Products submitted by contractor to cover any of the above lubricants are sub- ject to test at the testing laboratory, Navy Yard, New York, to determine conformance to specification. A product must be offered under a trade name by which it will be accurately identified. If found acceptable under Bureau's test at New York, its name and the name of the (12) 13 manufacturer is placed on the Bureau's acceptable list; the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts is notified, and the information published to the service at large for future reference in making purchases. 28. Tests when contract is awarded. The Bureau does not, however, rely entirely on the list of acceptable trade names for this class of material. The unstable nature of their chemical composition makes it necessary for the bureau to conduct a supplementary test of these products as finally delivered under contract. Samples of the material a contractor proposes to furnish may also be required before contract is awarded. It is, therefore, highly essential that a contractor maintain the quality of a product up to the standard of the original sample which placed him on the acceptable list. 29. Application for test. Tests of greases and cutting oils will be authorized by the bureau upon written applica- tion to the Navy Department, Bureau of Steam Engineer- ing, Washington, D. C. After such authorization has been made, the Bureau will notify the Navy Yard, New York, to communicate with the manufacturer as regards quanti- ties of samples to be shipped. 30. Samples. All samples are furnished, express pre- paid, free of all cost to the Government. They should be addressed to " Supply Officer, Navy Yard, New York," and plainly marked "For Test at the Machinery Division Testing Laboratory." 31. Trad.e names. The manufacturer's trade name of his product is regarded by the bureau as a permanent identification of a special lubricant having certain definite characteristics and qualities as established by the Bureau test. Inconsistency of character of a product as shown by a sample for test and the material subsequently furnished under the same trade name is considered sufficient grounds for rejection. 14 MINERAL LUBRICATING GREASE. (Standard Stock Catalogue designation: Grease, lubricating, mineral.) NAVY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS 14Glc, Aug. 1, 1919; superseding 14Glb, Nov. 1, 1916. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS. 1. General Specifications for Inspection of Material issued by the Navy Department, in effect at date of open- ing of bids, shall form part of these specifications. GRADES. 2. Mineral lubricating grease shall be furnished in the following grades, as specified: (a) Hard. (b) Medium. FLOW POINT. 3. (a) Medium lubricating grease shall have a flow point not lower than 75 C., nor higher than 80 C. (b) Hard lubricating grease shall have a flow point not lower than 100 C., nor higher than 105 C. (c) The flow point shall be determined as follows : Spread about 10 grams of grease over the botton of a glass crystallizing dish, 2| inches diameter and about 1 inches high ; place dish on shelf in air oven so that a thermometer inserted in the top of the oven will be just above and over the grease in the dish. The temperature of the oven, starting at about 40 C., shall be raised at a rate of 2 C. per minute and the flow tested at the end of each minute. The temperature at which the grease moves across the bottom when the dish is inclined shall be taken as the flow point. COMPOSITION. 4. (a) Mineral lubricating grease shall be a homogeneous mixture, consisting of a pure mineral oil and a pure odorless lime soap made from pure animal fats or prime yellow cottonseed oil properly saponified with calcium oxide. 15 The mineral oil content shall not be more than 80 per cent for medium grease and not more than 70 per cent for hard grease. (6) Mineral lubricating grease, both medium and hard, shall be free from fillers, unsaponified fats or oils, uncom- bined lime, gritty substance, rosin oil, resin or resinates, mineral or fatty acids, tarry or asphaltic matter, and alkalies or other undesirable or deleterious impurities. (c) Medium mineral lubricating grease shall yield not more than 2.5 per cent of ash and hard mineral grease not more than 3.5 per cent of ash. (d) Mineral lubricating grease, both medium and hard, shall not lose more than 2 per cent of its weight when heated for one hour at 100 C. in a glass crystallizing dish in an air oven. LUBRICATING PROPERTIES. 5. The grease shall possess lubricating properties, de- termined by practical test in a Riehle bearing testing machine as follows: When fed at a rate not exceeding 2 grains (or 130 milli- grams) per minute, through a grease cup on the friction surface of a brass shoe having 9 square inches bearing surface, sustaining a load of 1,926 pounds against a steel journal 6 inches in diameter, revolving at a surface velocity of 405 feet per minute, it shall maintain an even tempera- ture of not more than 50 C. above the surrounding air (which shall be approximately 25 C.), and the coefficient of friction shall be constant during the last hour of the run and shall not exceed 0.03 for medium and 0.04 for hard grease. The run shall be continued until a constant temperature rise has been attained and maintained for one hour. TESTS. 6. Samples from each shipment shall be selected at random by the inspector and forwarded to the New York Navy Yard for tests and analysis. 16 PACKING. 7. Mineral lubricating grease shall be delivered in fric- tion top cans of 10 pounds capacity, properly labeled with name and grade of material, manufacturers' name, and net contents of can. Not more than 100 pounds shall be packed in one box. Boxes shall be strongly constructed of J inch new pine or spruce planed on both sides and property marked with the name and grade of the material, quantity, contractors' name, and number of contract or requisition under which delivery is made. NOTE TO SUPPLY OFFICERS AND OTHERS. 8. Mineral lubricating grease is intended for use in com- pression grease cups for bearings. For rapid-running machines in cool climates, medium grease should be ordered. For hot climates, or heavy-running machinery, hard grease should in general be ordered. Specifications, where obtainable. NOTE: Copies of the above specifica- tions may be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. References. -S. E., 421281-683-S, May 28, 1919; S. & A., 380-329. PETROLATUM. NAVY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS 14Pla, June 1, 1917; superseding 14P1, June 15, 1910. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS. 1. General Specifications for Inspection of Material, issued by the Navy Department, in effect at date of open- ing of bids, shall form part of these specifications. QUALITY. 2. Petrolatum shall be of good quality, clean and refined, and free from acidity or adulteration. White petrolatum will not be accepted. 17 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS. 3. Petrolatum shall possess a melting point not lower than 80 F. nor higher than 120 F. The flash point shall be not lower than 350 F. when tested in an open cup by Tagliabue's method. Loss on heating for one hour be- tween 105 C. and 110 C. shall not exceed 2 per cent. PACKING AND SHIPPING. 4. Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be delivered in friction-top cans of 1, 5, or 10 pounds capacity, as required. Cans of 5 pounds capacity and over must be provided with a suitable bail. The cans shall be packed in .new pine or spruce boxes, planed on the outside. Boxes to be of %-inch material, and each box to contain 100 pounds. MARKING. 5. Each can shall be marked with the word "Petro- latum," the net weight of the contents, and the name of the contractor. On one end of the box shall be stenciled the word "Petrolatum," the net weight of the contents, the stock number as shown by the contract, the name of the contractor, and the contract or requisition number on which the material was purchased. BASIS OF PAYMENT. 6. Payment will be based on net weight, and only the amounts specified on the contracts should be delivered. Specifications, ivhere obtainable. NOTE: Copies of the above specifi- cations can be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. References. Ind. Mgr. Norfolk, Apr. 5, 1917, No. 51404-1; Ind. Mgr. New York, Apr. 14, 1917, No. 1-822-2; C. & R., Z14Pla-M, Apr. 17, 1917; S. & A., 380-606. 18 PETROLEUM RESIDUUM. NAVY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS 51P8a, July 1, 1919; superseding 51P8, Mar. 1, 1917. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS. 1. General Specifications for Inspection of Material, issued by the Navy Department, in effect at date of open- ing of bids, shall form part of these specifications. MATERIAL. 2. The material desired is a black waxlike residue of pure bitumen resulting from the distillation of an asphaltic base petroleum. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS. 3. Petroleum residuum shall have the following proper- ties: (a) The specific gravity at 15.5 C. (60 F.) shall be between 1.002 and 1.02. (b) The melting point (Barrett method) shall be between 93*3 and 96.1 C. (200 and 205 F.). (c) Not less than 74 per cent shall be soluble in 88 naphtha (petroleum ether). (d) Upon ignition the ash (exclusive of traces of sand or dirt present in the original crude oil) shall not exceed 0.2 per cent. CONTAINERS. 4. Petroleum residuum shall be delivered in substantial wooden barrels or kegs, or in suitable sheet-iron drums, containing about 300 or 500 pounds net weight as specified. DELIVERIES. 5. Barrels, kegs, or drums shall be plainly marked with the name of the material, the quantity, the name of the contractor, and the contract or requisition number under which delivery is made. Specifications, where obtainable. NOTE: Copies of the above specifi- cations may be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. References. C, & R., Z51P8(S), May 15, 1919; S. & A., 380-1338. 19 GRAPHITE LUBRICATING GREASE. NAVY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS 14G2d, Aug. 1, 1919; superseding 14G2c, July 2, 1917. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS. 1. General Specifications for Inspection of Material, issued by the Navy Department in effect at date of open- ing of bids, shall form part of these specifications. GRADES. 2. Graphite lubricating grease shall be furnished in the following grades, as specified : (a) Hard. (&) Medium. FLOW POINT. 3. (a) Medium graphite grease shall have a flow point not lower than 75 C., nor higher than 80 C. (6) Hard graphite grease shall have a flow point not lower than'100 C., nor higher than 105 C. (c) The flow point shall be determined as follows: Spread about 10 grams of grease over the bottom of a glass crystalizing dish, 2J inches in diameter and about 1 inches high. Place dish on shelf in an air oven so that a thermometer inserted in the top of the oven will be just above and over the grease in the dish. The temperature of the oven, starting at about 40 C., shall be raised at the rate of 2 C. per minute, and the flow tested at the end of each minute. The temperature at which the grease moves across the bottom when the dish is inclined shall be taken as the flow point. COMPOSITION. 4. (a) Graphite lubricating grease shall be a homoge- neous mixture, consisting of a pure mineral oil, flake graphite containing at least 82 per cent of graphitic carbon, and a pure odorless soap made from clean animal fats or prime yellow cottonseed oil properly saponified 20 with calcium oxide. The mineral oil content shall be not more than 80 per cent for medium grade and not more than 70 per cent for hard grade. The graphite content shall not be less than 2 nor more than 3 per cent for each grade. (6) Graphite lubricating grease, both medium and hard, shall be free from fillers, unsaponified fats or oils, uncom- bined lime, gritty substance, resin oil, resin or resinates, mineral or fatty acids, tarry or asphaltic matter, and alkalies or other undesirable or deleterious impurities. (c) Medium graphite grease shall yield not more than 3 per cent of ash and hard graphite grease not more than 4 per cent of ash. (d) Graphite grease, both medium and hard, shall not lose more than 2 per cent of its weight when heated for one hour at 110 C. in a glass crystalizing dish in an air oven. LUBRICATING PROPERTIES. 5. The grease shall possess lubricating properties deter- mined by practical test in a Riehle bearing-testing ma- chine, as follows: When fed at a rate not exceeding 2 grains (or 130 milligrams) per minute, through a grease cup, on the friction surface of a brass shoe having 9 square inches bearing surface, sustaining a load of 1,926 pounds against a steel journal 6 inches in diameter, revolving at a surface velocity of 405 feet per minute, it shall maintain an even temperature of not more than 50 C. above the surround- ing air (which shall be approximately 25 C.), and the coefficient of friction shall be constant during the last hour of the run and shall not exceed 0.03 for medium and 0.04 for hard grease. The run shall be continued until a constant temperature has been attained and maintained for one hour. 21 TESTS. 6. Samples from each shipment shall be selected at random by the inspector and forwarded to the New York Navy Yard for tests and analysis. PACKING. 7. Graphite lubricating grease shall be delivered in friction-top cans of 10 pounds capacity, properly labeled with name and grade of material, manufacturer's name, and net contents of can. Not more than 100 pounds shall be packed in one box. Boxes shall be strongly constructed of J inch new pine or spruce, planed on both sides, and properly marked with name and grade of material, quantity, contractor's name, and number of contract or requisition under which delivery is made. NOTE TO SUPPLY OFFICER AND OTHERS. 8. Graphite lubricating grease under these specifications is intended for use on gearing of heavy machinery and bearings exposed to weather and heat. GRADES. 9. Graphite lubricating grease shall be specified as hard or medium grease; hard grease shall be used only where high operating temperatures are found to exist. Specifications, where obtainable. NOTE: Copies of the above specifica- tions may be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. References. $. E., 421280-683-S, May 28, 1919; S. & A., 380-328. 22 SOLUBLE CUTTING OILS OR CUTTING COMPOUNDS. (Liquid form.) NAVY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS HOlOb, Nov. 1, 1918; superseding HOlOa, Mar. 1, 1916. GENERAL * SPECIFICATIONS. 1. General Specifications for Inspection of Material, is- sued by the Navy Department, in effect at date of opening of bids, shall form part of these specifications. PURPOSE. 2. Soluble cutting oils or cutting compounds shall be used in emulsion with water for the lubrication of machine cutting tools. MATERIAL: COMPOSITION. 3. Soluble cutting oils or cutting compounds shall be clean and homogeneous mixtures of soluble alkali soap in mineral and fixed saponifiable oils; shall be free from dis- agreeable odors, sediment, mineral acids, or ingredients in- jurious to persons handling: and shall contain not more than 10 per cent of water and not more than 20 per cent of alkali soap. REQUIREMENTS: TEST. 4. Soluble cutting oil or cutting compound shall meet the following requirements: (a) Emulsificaiion. It shall be capable of readily mix- ing with water in all proportions, without the addition of sodium carbonate or any other material, to form a stable emulsion. (b) Lubrication. The emulsion formed shall so lubricate turret and automatic machine tools as to prevent sticking. The solution used shall be suitable for the work being per- formed on the machine, and shall show no tendency to leave a gummy residue. 23 (c) Corrosion. Strips of polished steel or brass shall show no appreciable corrosion after being partly immersed in the emulsion for a period of two weeks. INSPECTION AND TEST. 5. Samples taken at random from each delivery will be mixed together for inspection and test. PURCHASE. 6. Soluble cutting oils or cutting compounds will be purchased by the gallon. CONTAINERS: MARKING. 7. Soluble cutting oils or cutting compounds shall be delivered as required : (a) In heavy barrels of about 50 gallons capacity, suita- ble for foreign shipment ; or, (&) In 5-gallon shipping cans. Barrels shall remain the property of the contractor. All barrels in good condition will be returned by the Govern- ment at the contractor's expense within six months after date of each delivery of oil to shore stations. All barrels not returned within this period will be paid for at the rate of $1 per barrel, chargeable to the appropriation under which the material was purchased or used. In all cases the quality of the containers shall be such as to provide against leakage or deterioration in storage and handling. Con- tainers shall be plainly marked with the name of the mate- rial, the manufacturer's trade-mark, and the quantity con- tained, in gallons. DELIVERIES. 8. All deliveries shall be marked with the name of the material, name of the contractor, and the contract or requi- sition number under which delivery is made. 24 ACCEPTABLE LIST OF OILS. 9. Contractors who propose to furnish soluble cutting oils or cutting compounds under these specifications may have a 5-gallon sample tested at navy yard, New York, and if the test proves satisfactory these oils will be placed on an acceptable list. The contractor shall be required to sub- mit a 1-gallon sample of the oil to be supplied with each new bid and state the approximate date of test. The fact that the oil has been placed on the approved list, and that the tests on the 1-gallon sample submitted with bids are satisfactory, does not in any way preclude the rejection of the delivery in case it fails to pass the tests and inspection as specified in paragraphs 4 and 5. NOTE TO SUPPLY OFFICERS. 10. Mineral lard oil and cutting compounds (paste form) will not be considered in connection with bids for soluble cutting oils, but will be bought under separate specifica- tions. Specifications, where obtainable. NOTE. Copies of the above specifica- tions may be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. References. S. E. 329327-692-S-R, Aug. 22, 1918; C. and R., Z14010-(S), Sept. 17, 1918; S. and A., 380-1171. CUTTING COMPOUND, PASTE. (Standard Stock Catalogue designation: Compound, Cutting, Paste.) NAVY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATIONS 14C3b, Jan. 2, 1917; superseding 14C3a, Feb. 1, 1916. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS. 1. General Specifications for the Inspection of Material, issued by the Navy Department, in effect at date of opening of bids, shall form part of these specifications. PURPOSE. 2. To be used for machine cutting tool lubricant when mixed as directed. 25 COMPOSITION. 3. To be a soluble paste compound consisting of an alkali soap, mineral and fixed saponifiable oils and water. To be free from disagreeable odors, mineral acids, or any in- gredients injurious to persons handling the material. To contain not more than 25 per cent of water, not more than 20 per cent of alkali soap, not less than 40 per cent mineral oil, a r 7 the remainder fixed saponifiable oil. It must form a sta.. ^ emulsion when mixed with water. LUBRICATION. 4. The emulsion must sufficiently lubricate turret and automatic machines to prevent sticking, the solution used to be suitable for work being performed on the machine, and must show no tendency to leave a gummy residue. CORROSION. 5. Strips of polished steel are to show no appreciable corrosion after being partly immersed in mixture for a period of two weeks. PHYSICAL TEST. 6. One pound of the paste will be put into emulsification with 3 gallons of water and the emulsion permitted to flow at the rate of 1 gallon per minute over a steel cylinder heated by an electrical coil consuming 440 watts which maintains a constant temperature of 100 C. in air. After a period of 8 hours, the maximum rise of temperature of the emulsion shall not exceed 12 C. This physical test will be conducted at the New York Navy Yard on samples before approval on the standard apparatus shown in drawing No. 36367-A, which may be obtained from the Engineer Officer at the navy yard, New York. DELIVERY. 7. To be purchased by the pound and delivered in heavy barrels of not more than 500 pounds capacity, suitable for foreign shipment, or in 25-pound friction-top cans packed in wood cases, two to a case. The quality of the containers to be such as to provide against leakage or deterioration in storage and in handling. The barrels to be plainly marked with trade-mark of material, name of manufacturer, contract number, quan- tity, and instruction for use of compound. Prices are net on compound delivered in barrels. Barrels to remain the property of the contractor. All barrels in good condition will be returned by the Gov- ernment at the contractor's expense within six months after date of each delivery of the compound to shore sta- tions. All barrels not returned within this period will be J>aid for at the rate of $1 per barrel, chargeable to the appropriation under which the material was purchased or used. ACCEPTABLE LIST OF CUTTING COMPOUND (PASTE). 8. Contractors who propose to furnish cutting compound (paste) under these specifications may have a 5-pound sample tested at navy yard, New York, and if the test proves satisfactory this cutting compound (paste) will be placed on an acceptable list. The contractor will be re- quired to submit a 5-pound sample of cutting compound (paste) to be supplied with each new bid, and state the ap- proximate date of test. RESTRICTIONS. 9. Mineral lard oil, and soluble cutting oils will not be considered in connection with bids for cutting compounds (paste form), but will be bought under separate specifica- tions. Specifications, where obtainable. NOTE. Copies of the above speci- fications can be obtained upon application to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. X& of MAR Gaylord Bros. Makers Syracuse, N. Y. PAT. JAN. 21, 1908 458703 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY