T?59 
 
 UC-NRLF 
 
 *B 5T0 7m, 
 
 Iatin Verse Book 
 
 P A 
 
 2331 
 
 R58 
 
 1894 
 
 MAIN 
 
 ..R RH'CUIH 
 
 
 
REESE LIBRARY 
 
 OF THK 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ^^ 
 
 %eceived APR 24 1895 , i8g . 
 
 ^Accessions No.'O^a'/ <> . Cla^s No... 
 
 Wm^ 
 
A FIRST LATIN VERSE BOOK 
 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 First Steps in Latin. Small 8vo. i^. bd. 
 
 Fabulae Faciles. A First Latin Reader. Containing 
 Detached Sentences and Consecutive Stories. With Notes 
 and a Vocabulary. Crown 8vo. "zs. 6d. 
 
 Imitative Exercises in Easy Latin Prose. Based 
 
 on ' Fabula^ Faciles.' Crown 8vo. ts. 6d. 
 
 Exercises in Latin Prose Composition. Crown 
 
 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Latin Clause Construction. Crown 8vo. is. 6d. 
 
 First Steps in Greek. Small 8vo. 2s, 
 
 A Practical Greek Method for Beginners. By 
 
 F. Ritchie, M.A., The Beacon, Sevenoaks; and E. H. 
 Moore, M.A., Amesbury House School, Bickley. Crown 
 Svo. 3^-. 6d. 
 
 A Manual of Greek Verbs. By F. Ritchie, M.A., 
 
 and E. H. Moore, M.A. Crown Svo. 2^. 6d. 
 
 London: LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 
 
 NEW YORK : 15 EAST i6th STREET. 
 
A FIRST 
 
 LATIN VERSE BOOK 
 
 BY 
 
 F. RITCHIE,. M.A. 
 
 THE BEACON, SI-:VENOAKS 
 
 LONDON 
 LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 
 
 AND NEW YORK : 15 EAST i6th STREET 
 1894 
 
 A U rights reserved 
 
sfns- 
 
PREFACE 
 
 
 A KNOWLEDGE of the laws of Quantity and the 
 rules of Scansion is taken for granted in most 
 of the Latin Verse Books in general use. A 
 practical knowledge of these rules, though not 
 very difficult of attainment, cannot be acquired 
 by inerely learning the two or three pages of the 
 Grammar on which they are stated. For want 
 of a few progressive Exercises, the pupil too 
 frequently begins the construction of Latin Verses 
 with a very inadequate knowledge of the Rules 
 of Quantity, and, as a result, wastes a good deal 
 of time in attempting impossible combinations of 
 words. 
 
 The aim of this little book is to supply material 
 for progressive practice in these preliminary rules, 
 and to carry the pupil some little way through 
 the merely mechanical stage of Latin Verse 
 
 Composition. ^^^.- ~^^ 
 
 ^^-^^n^^Jr^^ RITCHIE. 
 
 {universityT 
 
 Sevenoaks, 1894, V OF , y 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/firstlatinversebOOritcrich 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 VowKLS Long by Position — Diphthongs 
 
 Vowels Short by Position — qu and (jv 
 
 Final Vowels .... 
 
 Final Consonants 
 
 Monosyllables — Doubtf ul Syllables 
 
 Combination of Words — Elision 
 ^ Scansion of Hexameters 
 
 Caesura .... 
 
 A Scansion of Pentameters 
 
 Exercises in re- arranging Latin 
 
 Exercises — English into Latin 
 
 And, et and -que 
 
 Exercise on -que ... 
 
 Hexameters (Translation) 
 
 Pentameters (Translation) . 
 
 Elegiac Couplets 
 
 Summary Rules of Quantity . 
 
 Notes ..... 
 
 Vocabulary .... 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 
 10 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 23 
 26 
 28 
 29 
 33 
 34 
 45 
 50 
 51 
 
y^^ OF THE \ 
 
 university; 
 
 THE QUANTITY OR LENGTH OF 
 SYLLABLES. 
 
 Each syllable in a word must contain either : 
 
 (i) a single vowel (a, e, i, o, u, y), 
 or (ii) a diphthong {ae, oe, an, en). 
 
 A diphthong is always long} 
 
 A single vowel is either long or sliori. 
 
 A long vowel (or diphthong) is marked thus : -. 
 A short vowel is marked thus : ^. 
 
 Ex. : mSnere, audlre. 
 
 The length of a vowel may sometimes (but not 
 always) be known by its position,^ thus : 
 
 Rule 1. — A vowel before two consonants, or a 
 double consonant (^.e. x) is /oA7gr.i 
 
 Thus : est, amdnt, propter, rex. 
 
 N.B. — A vowel before a single consonant is not necessarily 
 short. 
 
 1 For exceptions see p. 45. 
 
 2 Pronunciation is no guide to quantity except in the penultimate 
 {i.e. last syllable but one) of a word of three or more syllables. Thus : 
 monere, 'amabat. 
 
First Latin Verse Book 
 
 Exercise 1. 
 Mark thus (-) each vowel that is long by Rule i. 
 
 1. vlrginis— imbrein — regunt — saxum. 
 
 2. mensam — erant — noster— dlle. 
 
 3. missus — noctem — monehtur — rexit. 
 
 4. magister — dentem — ingens---felix. 
 
 Rule 2. — A diphthong (i.e, two vowels forming 
 one sound) is long} 
 
 Thus : aurum, praeter, coelum. 
 
 Exercise 2. 
 Mark the quantity of each syllable that is long by 
 Rules I and 2. 
 
 1. saepe — gaudent — conjux — coenam. 
 
 2. flammae — laus — tumultum — bellum. 
 
 3. haereo — augent — semper — hausit. 
 
 4. currunt — vixerunt — causam — oculus. 
 
 Rule 3.— A vowel before another vowel (or h) in 
 the same word is short} 
 
 Thus : mens, capio, traho. 
 
 N.B, — Each vowel must be sounded separately; if they 
 combine in one sound they form a diphthong. 
 
 ^ For exceptions see p. 45. 
 
The Quantity or Length of Syllables 3 
 
 Exercise 3. 
 Mark the syllables known by Rules i, 2, and 3. 
 
 1 . audiunt — tristior — ingentem — suus. 
 
 2. fuerunt — fugiant — socios — caecus. 
 
 3. moenia — mediae — urbem — gloria. 
 
 4. vocibus — capient — aciem — saevus. 
 
 5. cornua — auxilium — deus — galeae. 
 
 Noit to Rules 2 and 3. 
 
 qu, — The u which always follows q is not sounded as a 
 separate syllable, nor does it form a diphthong with ^e fol- 
 lowing vowel : thus qu6d is one syllable. The u p^fter a q must 
 therefore he disregarded altogether in considering the quantity of 
 a syllable. 
 
 gu. — The same is sometimes the case with u following a g 
 or an 5 : thus sanguis, suddeo, languidus, where the u is 
 sounded like English w. 
 
 Exercise 4. 
 Mark the syllables known by preceding Rules and Note, 
 
 1. quando — aequor — sues — linquit. 
 
 2. anguein — quondam — quoties — eos. 
 
 3. saevior — quaerunt — traxit — quartus. 
 
 4. omnia — faucibus — fugiens — laetus. 
 
 5. gaudium — lingua — viam — saepius. 
 
First Latin Verse Book 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES 
 
 {In words of more than one Syllable). 
 
 VOWELS. 
 
 Rule 4. — A final is short, except in Ablative.^ 
 
 E „ short „ Abl. of 5th Decl.^ 
 
 I „ long^ miM, tibi, sibi, nb%, ib% 
 
 doubtful. 
 „ long.i 
 
 U „ long. 
 
 Exercise 5. 
 Mark the syllables known by preceding Rules. 
 
 1. bella — urbe — alii — deo — omnia. 
 
 2. mare — puellae — pueri — anno — cantu. 
 
 3 . nomina — atque — filio — dubii — regna. 
 
 4. e terra — signa — mea manu — castra. 
 
 5 . audire — domino — ves tri — qu aecunque. 
 
 6. neuter — quisque — quanto — pulvere. 
 
 7. aqua — mihi — facie — tristia. 
 
 8. corpora — nescius — a regina — ipse. 
 
 ^ For other exceptions see p. 46. 
 
Final Syllables 
 
 CONSONANTS. 
 
 Rule 5. — S.^ AS final is long. 
 ES „ long. 
 
 ' IS „ short, except Dat. and Abl. pi. 
 
 OS „ , long. 
 
 US „ short, except in : 
 (i) Gen. Sing, and Nom. Voc. Ace. PL of 4th Decl. : 
 gradus. 
 
 (ii) Nom. Sing, of fern, words of 3rd Decl.: virtus, 
 salus, etc. [but pecits, pecUdis]. 
 
 OTHER CONSONANTS. 
 C final is long, except donee (nee, fde, monosyllables). 
 D, T, L, N, R are short. 
 
 Exercise 6. 
 Mark the syllables known by preceding Rules. 
 -AS, -ES, -IS. 
 
 1 . ingentis — puellis — terras — tauri. 
 
 2. doceas — cives — bellis — amatis. 
 
 3. urbis — bonis — aetatis — mensas. 
 
 4. felicis — tristes — filia — capita. 
 
 5. flores — regitis — alias — meis. 
 
 6. mones — amabis — esse — manu. 
 
 7. qualia — causas — menti — tuo. 
 
 ^ For exceptions see p. 47. 
 
 r ^ OFTHF 
 
First Latin Verse Book 
 
 Exercise 7. 
 Mark the syllables known by preceding Rules, 
 -OS, -US, and other Consonants. 
 
 1. rexit — magnus — auras — pectore. 
 
 2. victo — ^herbae — cornu — proelia. 
 
 3. pugnas — tauros — montibus — monuimus. 
 
 4. socios — solvere — dicimus — hominis. 
 
 5. navibus — virtus — sequentis — teneros. 
 
 6. laudat^docetur — quieto — quantos. 
 
 7. dictu — hastas — dominus — saepius. 
 
 8. dominis — oppida — arma — ferri. 
 
 9. solvitur — flumen — fertur — illud. 
 
 Exercise 8. 
 Recapitulatory, 
 
 1 . nubibus — vocas — medios — coelum — arma. 
 
 2. hostis — auras — quaerit — clausus — moenia. 
 
 3. dexter — tenens — ullae — auctor — nomine. 
 
 4. parcere — gentes — saltu — urbes — oculos. 
 
 5 . ponitur — traxit — ^pater — agmen — amicus. 
 
 6. ducibus — ^nostris — fortia — dictis — nocte. 
 
 7. magno — flumina — tenet — aquas — undae. 
 
Doubtful Syllables 
 
 MONOSYLLABLES. 
 Rule 6.— Words of one syllable are long, except — 
 
 -que, -ne, -ve, and qua {Nora, and Ace), 
 
 words ending in h, d, I, t (but sal, sol). 
 
 fee, nee, an, m. 
 
 fer, ter, per, vjr, eor. 
 
 bis, CIS, is (Norn.), quis (Nom.\ es (thou art). 
 
 Exercise 9. 
 
 1. ab — de — te — nos — tu — ut — vel — si. 
 
 2. pro — ad — in — tres — plus — non — et. 
 
 3. hoc — qui — quo — quod — quid — tot. 
 
 4. ne — sis — dat — se — me — stat — sol. 
 
 5. est — sunt — sit — nee — ob — an — bis. 
 
 DOUBTFUL SYLLABLES. 
 
 The final i is doubtful in miM, Uhl, slhl, ub% ^6^. 
 
 The i of Genitives in -ms is doubtful, as illius ; but 
 alms always long. 
 
 A vowel which is naturally short is doubtful when 
 followed by two consonants, of which the first is a 
 mute and the second is Z or r : pdtrem from pater. 
 
 N.B.—lt must not be concluded that all vowels so placed 
 are doubtful, thus nultrem from mdter is naturally long. 
 
First Latin Verse Book 
 
 COMBINATION OF WORDS. 
 
 CONSONANT + CONSONANT. 
 
 Rule 7. — A short final syllable ending in a con- 
 sonant becomes long when the next word begins 
 with a consonant, because the vowel then stands 
 before two consonants. 
 
 N.B. — h is not a consonant. 
 
 Thus in monet the e is naturally short. 
 „ monet nos, e becomes long. 
 monet ilium 1 
 
 ^ , e remains short. 
 
 w^onet hunc 
 
 Exercise 10. 
 
 Mark the syllables known by preceding rules. 
 
 1. talibus orabat — hortatur soctes — per silvas. 
 
 2. agnovit prolem — conjicit hastam — ab ovo. 
 
 3. frigidus horror — sensit medios — in mare. 
 
 4. exegit caecos — per hostes — mortis imago. 
 
 5. fundit equus — venit dies — trahit silvas. 
 
 6. currus fuit — claudit pecudes — in omnes. 
 
 7. nititur hasta — primus ad auras — unde genus. 
 
 8. respondet curis — semel satis — procul hinc. 
 
Combination of Words 
 
 VOWEL + VOWEL. ELISION. 
 
 Rule 8. — A final syllable ending in a vowel or m is 
 elided (i.e. cut off) when the next word begins with 
 a vowel or h ; thus, 
 
 arm(a) amens. scir(e) aliquid. 
 
 div(um) incedo. terr(am) inter. 
 
 anim(am) hanc. hinc atqu(e) hinc. 
 
 N.B. — A final vowel is not affected when the next word 
 begins a consonant ; thus, 
 
 pondere magno — siste gradum. 
 
 [Exception : a short final vowel would become long before st, sp, 
 but this combination is avoided.] 
 
 Exercise 11. 
 
 Mark the syllables known by preceding rules : indicate 
 elision by brackets, 
 
 1. teri^a) antiqua — pectorfe) ab imo — subit(o) assurgens. 
 
 2. nostrortini' audire — -jamque ascendebant. 
 
 3. templum illi — collecti invadunt — vitam) hominis. 
 
 4. dulci aspirans — molitur iter — inclitus armis. 
 
 5. lenibat dictis — primum a navibus — multi horum. 
 
 6. paulatim evicta — arma tenentem — rapit silvas. 
 
 7. tan turn horrorem — currit iter — procul vastis. 
 
 8. levibus ventis^coUectam exilic — ante oculos. 
 
 9. tantum insane — finemque impone — fessum aetate. 
 10. tantus dolor — excitat iras — ferro accisam. 
 
 < ^ OFTHF ^ 
 
 .tTNIVERSITlf 
 
lo First Latin Verse Book 
 
 Exercise 12. 
 
 Mark all the syllables known by preceding rules. 
 
 1. At regina gravi, jamdudum saucia cura 
 
 2. Vulnus alit venis, et caeco carpitur igni. 
 
 3. Multa viri virtus animo multusque recursat 
 
 4. Gentis honos, haerent infixi pectore vultus 
 
 5. Verbaque, nee plaeidam membris dat eura quietem. 
 
 With Elisions : 
 
 6. Tu faeiem illius noetem non amplius unam 
 
 7. Falle dolo et notes pueri puer indue vultus, 
 
 8. Ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido 
 
 9. Regales inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, 
 
 10. Cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, 
 
 11. Occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno. 
 
 SCANSION OF HEXAMETERS. 
 
 The Hexameter line has six divisions or feet. 
 Each of the first four feet may be 
 
 either (i) a dactyl, i.e. a long and two shorts: - ^ ^. 
 (ii) a spondee, i.e. two longs : — . 
 
 The 5th foot must be a dactyl \ -^^. 
 The 6th foot may be (i) a spondee : — . 
 or (ii) a trochee : - s^. 
 
 — <j \j — 1 
 
Scansion of Hexameters 1 1 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 First four feet all Dactyls: 
 
 Corripi|unt spati|um medi|um f6ri|busque pro j pin- 
 quant. 
 
 First four feet all Spondees: 
 
 Infe|lix sax I is in | procurjrentibus | haesit. 
 
 Dactyls and Spondees mixed : 
 
 Dixit et I aver] si conjtra stetit | ora jujvenci 
 
 Sic ait I et gemi|num pu]gnae pro|ponit lio]n6rem. 
 
 Elision 
 
 Talibus I incujsat, gresjsiimqu(e) ad|moenia | tendit 
 Terr(am) in|ter flii|ctus aper|it, furit | aesttis a|renis. 
 
 Exercise 13. 
 
 First mark all the syllables known by rule : then scan, 
 i.e. divide into six feet as above. 
 
 ' I. DividimiiB miiros et moenia pandimus urbis. 
 
 2. Accingunt omnes operl, pedibusque rotarum 
 
 3. Subjicitint lapsus, et stuppea vincula coUo 
 
 4. Jntendunt, scandit fetalis machina miiros 
 
 5. Ipsa Jovis rapidum jaciilata e niibibus ignem, 
 
 6. Disjecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis. 
 
 7. Ill(^m)e^pirSmem trahsjixo pectore flainmas 
 
 8. Turbine\corripmt scopu^oque iniixit a(!iuto. 
 
12 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 Exercise 14. 
 Mark and scan the following Hexameters, 
 
 N,B. — In this Exercise no quantities are given : first mark 
 those that are known by rule, and the rest will be easily 
 found. 
 
 Observe : 
 
 (i) that the last five syllables are always 
 
 — <j ^ \ — w 
 
 (ii) that the first syllable in the lin^ is always long. 
 
 (iii) that in the first four feet, if there is one syllable 
 known to be short, the syllable before or after it 
 must be short also. 
 
 1. Aspicelbli senp lam 
 
 2. Ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis 
 
 3. Et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere, 
 
 4. Haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum 
 
 5. Aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia velo. 
 
 6. Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 
 
 7. Exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos 
 
 8. Educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella 
 
 9. Stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, 
 
 10. At domus interior gemitu miseroque tumultu 
 
 11. Miscetur, penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes 
 
 1 2. Femineis ululant : ferit aurea sidera clamor. . ' 
 
 13. Talibus incensus dictis senioris amici. 
 
Scansion of Hexameters 13 
 
 14. Insequitiir clamorque virum stridorque rudentum. 
 
 15. Flectit equos curruque volans dat lora secuudo. 
 
 16. Et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. 
 
 17. Hinc portum petit et socios partitur in omnes. 
 
 18. Per varies casus per tot discrimina rerum. 
 
 19. Quis nevus hie nostris successit sedibus hostes ? 
 
 Exercise 15. 
 
 Scan as before : remember the rules for Elision. 
 
 1. Hi summo in fluctu pendent, his unda dehiscens. 
 
 2. InfeHx puer atque impar congressus AchiUi. 
 
 3. Res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt. 
 
 4. Da facilem cursum atque audacibus annue coeptis. 
 
 5. Classem aptent taciti, sociosque ad htora cogant. 
 
 6. Et procul in tenuem ex ocuhs evanuit auram. 
 
 7. Arrectaeque horrore comae et vox faucibus haesit. 
 
 8. Ecce autem subitum atque ocuhs mirabile monstrum. 
 
 9. Vestibulum ante ipsum primisque in faucibus Orci. 
 
 10. Ac veluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum. 
 
 1 1. Limina tectorum et medium in penetrahbus hostem. 
 
 1 2. Condensae et divum amplexae simulacra sedebant. 
 
 13. Verum ubi nuUa datur dextra affectare potestas. 
 
 14. Contremuere undae penitusque exterrita teUus. 
 
 15. Turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem. 
 
 ^ OF THE \ 
 
 ,tri?TIVERSITY) 
 
14 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 CAESURA. 
 
 A Hexameter line generally has a Caesura in the 
 
 third foot, that is, the interval between two words 
 
 occurs in the middle of the third foot. 
 
 ^ r a long syllable is called Strong. 
 Caesura alter < , . ^tt i 
 
 \ a short „ „ Weak, 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 Strong Caesura : 
 
 Dixit, et I aver|tenSy\rose|a cerjvice re|fulsit. 
 Weak Caesura ; 
 
 O pas|si gravi|ora/\da|bit deu^ | his qiioque | finem. 
 No Caesura in third footT 
 
 Corripu|ere vi|(am)/^intere|a qua | semita | monstr^t. 
 
 Exercise 16. 
 Mark the Caesura in the lines given in Ex, 13, 14, 15. 
 
 Exercise 17. 
 
 Point out irregularities in the scansion of the following 
 lines : 
 
 1. Nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes. 
 
 2. Luctus ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago. 
 
 3. Liminaque laurusque del totusque moveri. 
 
 4. Litora jactetur odiis Junonis acerbae. 
 
 5. Pater, hominum rerumque aeterna potestas. 
 
 6. Quid struit aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur. 
 
Scansion of Pentameters 15 
 
 7. Credimus, an qui amant, ipsi sibi somnia fingunt. 
 
 8. Insiilae lonio in magno, quas dira Celaeno. 
 
 9. Et vera incessu patuit dea. lUe ubi matrem. 
 
 10. Pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta. 
 
 11. Constitit atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumspexit. 
 
 SCANSION OF PENTAMETERS. 
 
 The Pentameter line consists of two parts always 
 separated by Caesura. 
 
 The first part consists of : 
 
 Two dactyls or spondees followed by one long 
 syllable. 
 The second part consists of; 
 
 Two dactyls followed by one long (or short i) syllable. 
 
 \y ^ — 
 
 ' W V^ v^ 
 
 nec venit | incep|tis || moUior | aura mejis 
 sume|bant mmi|mos |1 ora co|acta cibjos. 
 
 Exercise 18. 
 Scan the following Pentameters, 
 
 1. Torpuerant molles ante dolore genae. 
 
 2. Flecte ratem ; numerum non habet ilia suum. 
 
 3. Quid vetat et gladios per latus ire meum. 
 
 4. Erigor, et capio tela tremente manu. 
 
 ^ The last syllable rarely ends in a short vowd. 
 
1 6 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 5. Flore novo madidas impediente comas. 
 
 6. Vera loquar, veri vix habitura fidem. 
 
 7. Nullaque de facie nescia terra tua est. 
 
 8. Ardor inexpertum nil sinet esse mens. 
 
 9. Quaeque aderant sacris, tendat in ora faces. 
 
 10. Sed Nymphis etiam curaque amorque fui. 
 
 1 1. Ignis aqua et tellus unus acervus erit. 
 
 12. Veraque judicio est ultima causa meo. 
 
 13. Nee mora: quaesiti reddita causa mihi est. 
 
 14. Nunc minor hie, to to est altior orbe civis. 
 
 15. Squalidaque humanis ossibus albet humus. 
 
 16. Quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo. 
 
 17. Quodcunque est alto sub Jove, Caesar habet. 
 
 Exercise 19. 
 
 Mark the quantities and rearrange the following 
 groups so as to form the first half of a Hexameter or 
 Pentameter : viz,, 
 
 A. Without Elision : 
 
 1. minus parte quarta. patet inane vulnus. 
 
 2. successus alit hos. hie est modus anni. 
 
 3. quaeque cum suo pare. quid mentis est tibi. 
 
 4. hie ceperat alias. iter laevum radit. 
 
 5. ea vix fatus erat. honor est et tiimulis. 
 
 ^ This syllable, if short, must end in a consonant, so that it may be 
 lengthened by position when the line is completed. 
 
Re-arrangement 
 
 17 
 
 B. With Elision : 
 
 1. nunc dicenda est mihi. 
 
 2. iibi solus in silvis. 
 
 3. quern sese ferens ore. 
 
 4. ter toro revoluta est. 
 
 ante aras constituam. 
 ab eventu omen est. 
 mihi posita est ara. 
 animus est perficere. 
 
 Exercise 20. 
 
 Mark and re-arrange so as to form the last half of a 
 Pentameter: viz., 
 
 U. habendus erit durus. 
 
 2. hac remus tibi eat. 
 
 3. refert ad coUa sua. 
 
 4. mihi non licet esse. 
 
 5. fuit in mala nostra. 
 
 6. venis tu quoque ab orbe. 
 
 7. cinis candet in igne. 
 
 vix sanus erit ope. 
 ab arte feres mtinus. 
 vias inire cogor. 
 quum imber venit aqua, 
 trahit per tuta loca. 
 vita nunc data est mihi. 
 tui petenda est nulla. 
 
 Exercise 21. 
 
 Mark the quantities and re-arrange the following 
 groups so as to form the last half of a Hexameter : viz,. 
 
 KJ <J \J ^ •— K^ ^ 
 
 Without Elision : 
 
 1. quern cernis pleno flumine. 
 
 2. amictu glauco velabat. 
 
iS First Latin Verse Book 
 
 3. aut cur cerno haec vulnera. 
 
 4. delapsus in medios hostes. 
 
 5. et igni carpitur caeco. 
 
 6. tot urbes evasisse jiivat. 
 
 7. per umbram jactare voces. 
 
 8. arandum vastum aequor maris. 
 Q. reddita est octilis nostris. 
 
 10. nee dabatur spes uUa opfesj, ^ 
 
 11. resupinus in medio antro. 
 
 1 2. moventem se vasta mole. 
 
 B. With Elision : 
 
 1. haec meta longarum viarum. 
 
 2. pavidae matres longo ordine. 
 
 3. prima aetas vix inceperat. 
 
 4. ferentes coelo alta capita. 
 
 5. meque exsolvite his curis. 
 
 6. recepi a fratre inimico. 
 
 7. quae ignem tantum accenderit. 
 
 8. genus a sanguine alto divum. 
 
 9. ad sidera nequiquam tendunt. 
 
 10. toUit in proelia altum caput. 
 
 1 1. asper ille et ira improbus. 
 
 1 2. voluptas mea sera et sola. 
 
Re-arrangement (Hexameters) 
 
 19 
 
 Exercise 22. 
 
 Re-arrange the following so as to form Hexameters. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 s^ «^ 
 
 — v^ v^ 
 
 — v-/ v^ 
 
 ~" A ~ 
 
 — V^ (^ 
 
 1. Interea magno murmure misceri pontus. 
 
 2. Quis optavit sumere tarn crudeles poenas. 
 
 3. Antrum sub adversa fronte scopiilis pendentibus. 
 
 4. Per summa aequora volat levis curru caertileo. 
 
 5. Dixit, et pinnis allata in silvam refugit. 
 
 6. In hac religione maneant nepotes casti. 
 
 7. Lgo digrediens lacrimis obortis hos effabar. 
 
 8. Postquam videt coelo sei:eno cuncta constare. 
 
 9. Kex accipiebat illos in amplis porticibus. 
 
 10. Et ipse ausus juvenum laborem manu tentare. 
 
 1 1. Post poena non simili commissa mihi luetis. 
 
 1 2. Funduntur lilia, omnis campus strepit murmure. 
 
 With Elision : 
 
 1. Vultum dejecit, et voce demissa locuta est. 
 
 2. Aprum aut fulvum leonem monte descendere optet. 
 
 3. AUoquere, et mea dicta per auras celeres defer. 
 
 4. Ergo celerant iter inceptum secundo rumore. . 
 
 5. Liceat me casus amici insontis misereri. 
 
 6. Et aris positis vota in litore jam solves. 
 
 7 Fertur equis, curruque inani resupi nus haer et. 
 
 f ^ or THE 
 
 (university, 
 
20 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 8. Condensae et amplexae simulacra divum sedebant. 
 
 9. Regnator qui nuinine coelum torquet ac terras. 
 
 10. Vociferans talia replebat tectum omne gemitu. 
 
 1 1. Adsint cuncti, meritaeque palmae praemia expectent. 
 
 12. Ilia rursus conata oculos graves attoUere. 
 
 Exercise 23. 
 Mark and re-arrange so as to form Pentameters. 
 
 v>» v^ — \J \J 
 
 \^ \J — v^ «^ I 
 
 N.B. i. — First decide on the last word, which ordinarily 
 
 (see N.B. ii.) consists of not more and not less than two 
 
 syllables : e.g. such words as m^os^ fuit, petit, etc. ; then com- 
 plete the last half. 
 
 A. Without Elision: 
 
 1. Caetera turba intactis frondibus viret. 
 
 2. Sulcus irriguae aquae non dabitur mihi. 
 
 3. Saxis peter a populo praetereunte. 
 
 4. Ilia solamen fuere malis longis. 
 
 5. Heu ! toto corpora nuUus erat sanguis. 
 
 6. Tu eras requies grata laboris fesso. 
 
 7. Quot tetigit virga tot nuces inde capit. 
 
 8. Flent simul et ferunt geminos ad loca jussa. 
 
 9. Ex illis tamen iste habet plus vigoris. 
 
 10. Ager domino neglectus ferebat pauca. 
 
 11. Dum nudo pede carpit secretum iter. 
 
 1 2. Locus ab inntimero hoste cinctus tenet me. 
 
Re-arrangement (Elegiacs) 
 
 21 
 
 B. With Elision: 
 
 N.B. ii. — Elisions are comparatively rare in Pentameters ; 
 but * est ' not unfrequently stands last after elision. 
 
 II fama pe I tenda tib(i) I est. 
 
 Eadem arnica saepe favit tuis rebus. 
 Fata miseraa sororis grant ante ociilos. 
 En iterum, arena, accipe IS^crimas meas. 
 Albi nunc flores nunc danda est nova rosa. 
 
 5. Venus non dedignata est nomen habere. 
 
 6. Heu ! quanto sors tua melior est rnea sorte. 
 
 I. 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 4- 
 
 Exercise 24. 
 
 Mark and re-arrange so as to form Elegiac Couplets, 
 i.e. Hexameter and Pentameter alternately. 
 
 \^ ^ Vw'V^I — \J \J \ — ^ \J 
 
 A 
 
 ^ 1^ »^N^ <^ \^ *w'V> 
 
 Nunc gaudentia brachia ad caestum loris ligat 
 Nunc pondus missile disci rotat in orbe. 
 
 Sed tu inimicae linguae non debes credere 
 Fabula semper fuit poena formosis 
 
 Et jam Luna coelo totiens descendere negat 
 Nlgraque avis concmit funestum omen 
 
2 2 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 Et vos, mortales, incertam horam faneris 
 Quaeritis, et qua via mors Mitura sit. 
 Sive crines vagi errant in puris frontibtis 
 lo. Quos Indica gemma tenet medio vertice. 
 
 Igitur quandocunque mors nostros ocellos claudet 
 
 Accipe quae acta funeris mei serves. 
 Nee mea pompa longa imagine tum spatietur 
 Nee sit tuba vana querela fati mei 
 15. Nee lectus tunc sternatur mihi eburno fulcro 
 Nee sit mea mors nixa in Attalico toro. 
 Ut ubi in magnis signis non est tangere cS-put 
 
 Hie corona ponitur ante pedes imos. 
 Sic nos nunc culmen laudis conscendere inopes 
 20. DS^mus tiira vilia sacris pauperibus 
 
 Parcis, et te humilem in tenues umbras coUigis 
 
 Ipse plenos sinus velorum subtrahis 
 Hie, ne forent certa signa raplnae manifestae 
 Boves aversos in antra cauda traxit. 
 25. Ascendo iter magnum, sed gloria vires mihi dat 
 Corona e fecili jugo lectS. non jtivat 
 Facie regis et armis regalibus obstupuit 
 Interque manus oblitas arma excidit. 
 
Translation 
 
 Exercise 25. 
 Translate and arrange as follows : — 
 
 N.B, i. — Two or more English words joined by hyphens 
 are to be rendered by one Latin word. 
 
 N.B, ii. — A small figure after a word indicates which of 
 the Latin equivalents given in the Vocabulary is to be used : 
 thus * grove ^^ '—the second of the two Latin words is to be 
 used. Where no number is given, use the first word. 
 
 I. They-sound through all the grove 2. 
 
 The ground will-be-wet with-dew. 
 
 This shall-be the place of the city. 
 
 The proud goddess ^ comes. 
 5. And the light murmur of water. 
 
 The earth is-red with-blood. 
 
 If any friend is-present. 
 
 Thou-wast worthy of-a prison (phi). 
 
 He raised (his) hands. 
 , 10. Arms will-give (that) which thou-seekest. 
 
 He-was about-to-give signs. 
 
 Thrice he beats ^ the ground with-(his)-foot. 
 
 While Eome (Roma, 1) was new. 
 
 The breeze has carried-away ^ my hope. 
 15. The beauty which was before. 
 
 Beware (thou) the treacherous weapons. 
 
 He-comes in-silent night. 
 
24 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 The ground is-white with-bones. 
 In-the-morning he was-seeking the waters. 
 20. Guide 2 (thou) the journey of-the-ship. 
 
 With Elision: 
 
 This also ^ is my fault. 
 It-is time for-thee to go-away. 
 To-write a song is the-same-thing. 
 My complaint is just. 
 
 Exercise 26. 
 Translate a?id arrange as follows : — 
 
 I. He-yokes (his) horses with gold. 
 
 I-shall-die before the day. 
 
 They-themselves ^ will-give arms. 
 
 Again ^ they-climb the horse. 
 5. Hardly had-I-spoken those- things {neut pi.). 
 
 Give-(thou) the right-hand to-a-wretched-(man). 
 
 Now lay-ye-aside (your) swords. 
 
 Go (thou) far hence, he-said (dico). 
 
 There-was an ancient city. 
 10. I fly ^ from (my) fatherland. 
 
 The enemy has (that) which he-seeks. 
 
 I have [there-is to me] a safe house. 
 
Translation 25 
 
 With Elision: 
 
 They wander for-a-hundred years {ace). 
 
 To be led (infin.) within the walls. 
 15. Foremost (nom. sing.) before (them) all. 
 
 He seeks an enormous cavern ^ 
 
 They also ^ return. 
 
 Before the porch itself. 
 
 Where ^ is Hector ? he said. 
 20. But flee, (0) miserable (men). 
 
 He placed a hundred altars. 
 
 He-himself bids (me) bear these-things. 
 
 She also ^ before the others. 
 
 How (quam) wretched (neut) it-is to live. 
 
 Exercise 27. 
 Translate and arrange as follows :- 
 
 I. He-descends from {ah) high heaven. 
 
 He-was-turning the earth with-ploughs. 
 
 She-was-restored to-our eyes ^ 
 
 (He) being adorned {noj)%) with-leaves ^ of-olive. 
 5. He-sent us to thy thresholds. 
 
 Thrice he raises (his) palms to {in -\- ace) the sky ^. 
 
 The goddess 1 is-raised on-dusky wings {ahl), 
 
 (university) 
 
26 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 At the-same-time he-equips (his) comrades with- 
 
 arms. 
 Or why do-I-behold ^ these wounds ? 
 10. A shout strikes ^ the golden stars ^. 
 Give-ye HHes with-fuU hands. 
 (Ye) who drive -away diseases by-art. 
 
 With (occasional) Elision : 
 
 The ivy is very-pleasing to Bacchus. 
 
 Apollo was-stretching (his) bow. 
 15. Soon he-raises himself (sese) into the air ^ {pi.). 
 
 Dismiss (thou) this care from {-de) (thy) breast. 
 
 The priestess calls (them) into the lofty temples. 
 
 On-all-sides seas and on-all-sides sky {coeluni). 
 
 They toss fire to the roofs {fastigium). 
 20. The deep ^ woods resounded (p. 50, Note 3). 
 
 Behold (thou) this suspended rock. 
 
 They fight on this very {ipse) shore. 
 
 The high groves ^ send-back the voice. 
 
 AND 
 
 The English Conjunction a^ic? joins together words or 
 groups of words. 
 
 The Latin Conjunctions et.atque, ae, -que all mean and. 
 
 Et, atque, and ac stand as in English, i.e. between the 
 two words or groups of words. 
 
 Boys and girls = pueri et puellae. 
 
And 27 
 
 Father of gods and king of men. 
 Divum pater atque hominum rex. 
 Seas and ^a7i(is=:maria ac terras. 
 
 [N.B, — Ac is not used before a vowel.] 
 -que is an Enclitic, i.e. cannot stand alone. 
 The position of -que is as follows : — 
 
 1. When the English and connects a single word 
 with that which precedes, -que is attached to that word. 
 
 Niglits and days = noctes || dies-que. 
 
 2. When the English and connects a group of two or 
 more words with that which precedes, -que is attached to 
 the first word which stands first of the group in Latin. 
 
 Boys and tender girls = pueri || tenerae-que puellae. 
 
 N.B. i. — The word which stands first in English is not 
 necessarily placed first in the Latin ; thus, 
 
 Brohen hy war and repulsed hj the fates. 
 Fracti bello || fatis-que repulsi. 
 
 It would be possible here to write repulsique fatis, but this 
 combination would not suit the verse. 
 
 He spoke, and snatched his sword from the sheath. 
 Dixit, II vagina-que eripit ensem. 
 
 N.B. ii. que must not be joined to a word ending in e, 
 
 or to monosyllables ending in c. 
 
 -que (like et) is often doubled = both . . . and. 
 
 ^ ,-, -, -. -, -, f et terra et mari. 
 
 Both by sea and land < . 
 
 •^ (^ terra-que mari-que. 
 
28 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 Exercise 28. 
 Translate and arrange as follows : 
 
 N,B. — Use -que for and ; -que . . , que for both . . . and. 
 
 I. Thou-wast-fearing the waves and winds. 
 
 They return and bring-back peace. 
 
 Beasts and painted birds \ 
 
 Buried (perf. partic.) in-sleep and wine. 
 5. And the caverns ^ gave (Note 3, p. 50) a groan. 
 
 And put-(thou) an-end to-(our)-labour (dat). 
 
 The enemy (pi.) and the hostile camp. 
 
 And it raises the waves ^ to the stars I 
 
 Prepared (partic.) for-the-sword and for-death. 
 lo. And they-foUow from (ex) the whole city. 
 
 And so (Ud) he-speaks ^ with-friendly words. 
 . They-were-preparing fires and altars. 
 
 And he-turned (his) eyes ^ towards the walls \ 
 
 And he-was-sitting on a dry rock^. 
 15. While the fates and the god were-permitting (it). 
 
 Both gods ^ and men were singing. 
 
 Both shields and quivering spears. 
 
 Already they-were-trembling both with-hope and 
 with-fear 2. 
 
 He was calling both the gods ^ and the goddesses^. 
 
And 29 
 
 Use et, atque, or -que as required. 
 
 20. And blind (nom, masc.) with-love of gold. 
 
 And the boundless desire of praise. 
 
 Father of men ^ and of the gods ^. 
 
 Talents of silver and of gold. 
 
 And the bones of the parent himself (ipsms). 
 25. A weight of silver and gold. 
 
 Exercise 29. 
 Translate and arrange so as to form Hexameters. 
 
 A' 
 
 N.B. i. — The last word of a Hexameter should not have 
 less than two, or more than three syllables. 
 
 N.B. ii. — The first foot should be a Dactyl if possible. 
 
 A. 
 
 1. The anchor is-thrown from the prow: the ships 
 stand on-the-shore. 
 
 The companions launch the ships and filU the 
 shores. 
 
 Now the woods put-forth-leaves : now (is) the year 
 most-fair 2. 
 
 The south-winds stretch the sails : we-are-borne by- 
 foaming waves 1. 
 5. He-feigns hope in-(his)-face ^ : he-presses sorrow 
 deep in-(his)-heart. ^^ --^ 
 
 f ^ OF THE ^ \ 
 
 (university) 
 
30 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 All-powerful Jupiter, if thou-art bent by any^ prayers. 
 Deucalion tossed stones into the empty world. 
 He-said, and raised himself into the sky^ with- 
 
 equal^ wings \ 
 We leave the bounds of (our) fatherland and the 
 
 beloved fields ^ 
 10. Neptunus filled the sails with-favourable winds. 
 They-lay-down (their) bodies under the boughs of 
 
 a high tree. 
 (There is) one safety for the conquered : to hope 
 
 (for) no safety (ace). 
 (His) comrades fiy-in-all-directions and are-covered^ 
 
 by thick ^ night. 
 The cold shade of night had scarcely departed 
 
 from-the sky 2. 
 15. The figure 1, thrice seized in- vain, escaped (his) 
 
 hands. 
 And 2 with light wheels he glides-over the tops-of 
 
 the waves. 
 B. With Elision : 
 I. He gives a clear sign from the stern : we move the 
 
 camp. 
 Meanwhile Aurora rising has-left the ocean. 
 The poles have thundered (p. 50, Note 3) and the 
 
 sky ^ gleams ^ with-frequent fires. 
 Then he-takes (his) rod; with-this he calls-forth 
 
 souls from-Orcus. 
 
Hexameters (Translation) 31 
 
 5. And he-threw^ himself 2 (sese) about-to-perish into 
 
 the middle (of the) band. 
 They strive in-sport, and wrestle on-the-yellow sand. 
 Driven ^ by-the-fates they-wjsre- wandering round all 
 
 seas 1 (p. 50, Note 6). 
 Now first the horses of the sun raise themselves 
 
 from-the-deep whirlpool. 
 
 Exercise 30. 
 Translate and arrange as Hexameters. 
 
 "A" 
 
 A. -que. 
 I. She-falls-down Hfeless and leaves ^ (her) life among 
 
 (in + ahl^ the stars ^. 
 This is the place of shadows, of sleep, and of drowsy 
 
 night. 
 Hasten-ye (your) flight and tell these-things to your 
 
 king. 
 There- was a huge altar and close-by a very-old 
 
 laurel. 
 5. And they see armed-men standing on the first 
 
 threshold. 
 They-wander a hundred years and flit around these 
 
 shores (p. 50, Note 6). 
 And now Aurora was-reddening 2, stars ^ being-put- 
 to-flight. 
 
32 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 He cuts 2 (his) way to the ships and revisits (his) 
 
 companions. 
 ^6-was-bearing all the threats both of sea ^ and of 
 
 sky 2. 
 
 lo. And now they- were-approaching the rock, and were 
 
 gaining the goal. 
 There-arises both the shout of men and the bray 
 
 of trumpets ^. 
 They- wish to go and to endure ^ all the labour of 
 
 flight. 
 
 B. Translate 'and' by et, atque, ac, or -que as required. 
 I. He-placed a hundred altars and had-consecrated 
 
 the watchful fire. 
 He-spoke and hurled (his) dart at {in + ace) the 
 
 opposing enemy. 
 (His) companions take-in the sails and turn the 
 
 prows to the shores. 
 The winds fly before and bear the sound ^ to the 
 
 shores. 
 S. How (quam) many thousands of birds hide them- 
 selves in woods. 
 Thou-rulest with eternal ^ sway (pi.) and terrifiest 
 
 with-(thy) thunderbolt. 
 He spoke 2 and vanished from (our) eyes into thin 
 
 air 2. 
 All the grove rings with-the-sound ^ and the hills ^ 
 
 re-echo. 
 
 I 
 
Pentameters (Translation) 
 
 Then the field ^ undergoes ^ cultivation {pi.) and 
 is-renewed by-the-plough. 
 lo. Grant (thou) an easy course and consent to (our)- 
 bold beginnings \ 
 
 Exercise 31. 
 
 Translate and arrange as Pentameters : viz.^ 
 
 N,B, i. — No elision is allowed at the Caesura ; e.g. 
 
 Quaerere | non im|pun(e)Ailla rogjata ve|nit. 
 N.B. ii. — The first half must not end with a monosyllable, 
 except (a) when it is preceded by another monosyllable or 
 by a word of two short syllables ; 
 (6) when the final monosyllable is es>i after an elision. 
 N.B. iii. — The last half must end with a two-syllable word, 
 except when est stands last after elision. 
 
 A. 
 
 I. The countenance of the moon was purple with-blood. 
 
 Unhappy 2, 1-stretch (my) hands across broad straits. 
 
 The hollow rocks ^ were-giving-back thy name. 
 
 And (his) breast was chill with sudden cold. 
 5. Thou- wilt-read these my words with-unwilling eyes^. 
 
 He used-to-hold running waters by-(his)-song. 
 
 And thrice he beats ^ the green ground with-swift foot. 
 
 Fear itself had-taken-away the strength (pi.) of-the- 
 body. 
 
 Sprinkle (thou), I-pray, our breasts with- thy gifts. 
 c 
 
34 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 lo. Our story shall not make long delays. 
 
 Even 1 now the tear-drop falls ^ from {ex) my eyes. 
 He-lives and is himself unconscious of-his life. 
 B. -CLue and Elision. 
 I. It- was the last part of the light and the first (part) 
 of the night. 
 And the slain victim will strike ^ the bloodstained 
 
 ground. 
 And we stray through saored places with-wandering 
 
 {vagus) foot. 
 The house seemed brighter than it-was before. 
 S. The arrow fell-out and was fixed in-(his)-left foot. 
 When she-shall-come, she-is to-be-received {ger- 
 undive) with-pure hand. 
 The fates of (his) unhappy ^ sister were before (his) 
 
 eyes i. 
 A new land is to-be-sought {ger.) by-us exiles 
 {dative). 
 
 Exercise 32. 
 
 Translate and arrange so as to form Elegiac Couplets^ 
 I.e. Hexameter and Pentameter alternately. 
 
 Hex. 
 
 Pent. 
 
 — <^ v^ — vy v-* 
 
 "A 
 
 I. The earth shall- bear ^ stars i, the heaven shall-be-cleft 
 with-the-plough, 
 
Elegiac Couplets 35 
 
 The wave ^ shall-give flames, and fire shall give 
 waters. 
 
 2. Often among (Note 6) the flocks ^ we-have-rested ^ 
 
 covered ^ by-a-tree, 
 And grass^, mingled with leaves^, afibrded a couch. 
 
 3. Perhaps, unhappy -man^, thou-wast-fearing the waves 
 
 and winds, 
 But the sea ^ was safer for- thee than-thy ship. 
 
 4. It was the time, when ^ first with-glassy hoar-frost 
 
 the earth 
 Is-sprinkled, and the birds covered ^ by-leaves ^ 
 (sing.) complain. 
 
 5. Beneath a sunny hill, a grove V very- thick ^ with- 
 
 holm-oak 
 Was standing, and in the branches many a bird ^ 
 lay-hid (imperf.). 
 
 6. Bid-thou the tamed bulls to submit (their) necks 
 
 to-the burden 
 That the curved^ ploughshare may wound the 
 hard ground. 
 
 7. Behold 1 (thou) the streams gliding ^ with-pleasant 
 
 murmur, 
 Behold the sheep cropping the abundant grass 2. 
 
 8. Here the elm is not clothed with purple vines : 
 
 No fruits press the branches with-t heir weig ht. 
 
 X ^ OF THE \ 
 
 (tJNIVERSITY / 
 
36 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 9. Give pardon, I beseech, and forgive (my) excessive 
 fear. 
 The shipwrecked-man shudders-at even^ calm 
 waters {ace). 
 
 10. She compelled the bulls to offer the neck to the yoke, 
 
 Then first the upturned earth saw the sun {pi,). 
 
 11. Neither shall the wave^, which-has-passed {praeteHU) 
 
 be-recalled again, 
 Nor can the hour which has passed return. 
 
 12. And down [per] (my) cheeks the tears falP on-to 
 
 the drawn sword i 
 
 Which soon will have been stained with-blood ] 
 
 instead-of tears. J 
 
 j 
 
 13. By-(lapse-of)-time the spirited horse obeys the I 
 
 i^lmnt {leyitus) reins, | 
 
 And receives the hard bit (pL)X^with-unresisting 
 {placidws) mouth. 
 
 14. Neither do kingdoms delight^ me, nor the Lydian 
 
 {Lydius) gold-bearing river, 
 Nor the wealth which the world ^ contains. 
 
 "If 
 
 15. He {hie) taught (men) to join the tender vine to 
 stakes. 
 He (taught men) to cut ^ the green leaf ^ with-hard | 
 sickle. 
 
 I 
 
Elegiac Couplets 37 
 
 16. But 2/ <^, swelling hills, sink ye down, where ^ she- 
 
 shall come, 
 And, ye-paths, be easy in-the-winding valleys. 
 
 17. A sacred fount (is) in the midst and a cavern ^hang- 
 
 ing with pumice. 
 And from {ex) every side the birds ^ are sweetly 
 complaining. 
 
 18. Thrice the god^ thundered without a cloud, three 
 
 flashes he-sent. 
 The crowd with (their) leader cast-down {pi.) 
 their eyes ^ (Note 3). 
 
 19. When^ the night has passed^ * and the heaven first 
 
 to redden ^ 
 Has begun,* the rustic will go-to his-wonted work. 
 
 20. Wherever she-goes 2, she-fills f all ^ the places with 
 
 piteous complaints. 
 As when ^ the bird ^ moans-for the lost Itys. 
 
 21. jffe joyful and victorious was seeking his fatherland. 
 
 /, conquered and an exile, flee from (my) father- 
 land. 
 
 22. And now the voices hotli of men and of dogs were- 
 
 resting. 
 And the high moon was guiding ^ the horses of- 
 the-night {adj.). 
 
 * Future Perfect. t In Pentameter. 
 
38 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 23. No bull was-panting beneath the curved ^ plough- 
 
 . share, 
 No land was under the sway of the cultivator. 
 
 24. Garments shall-be-rent, gems and gold shall-be- 
 
 broken, 
 The fame, which (my) songs will earn, shall-be 
 eternal. 
 
 25. What is more (magis) hard than rock^ ? what softer 
 
 than the wave ? 
 Yet hard rocks are-hollowed by the soft water. 
 
 26. Why dost-thou weep and spoil (thy) tender eyes^ 
 
 with-tears, 
 And beat ^ (thine) open breast (pi.) with-frenzied 
 hand? 
 
 27. Alone, in the shady valleys of woody Ida, 
 
 Was a white bull the glory of the herd I 
 
 28. More-gently he perishes, who is sunk in-the sudden 
 
 wave 1, 
 Than (he) who wearies his arms in-the swelling 
 waters. 
 
 29. He-had-put on a robe ^ twice dyed in Tyrian purple. 
 
 The string, struck ^ by (his)-thumb gave-back 
 its sounds \ 
 
Elegiac Couplets 39 
 
 30. In the middle (was) grass ^ and, covered^ with-green 
 (vlrens) moss, 
 A never-failing stream ^ of water was flowing 
 from-the-rock. 
 
 Exercise 33. 
 
 N.B. — Where more than one word is given in the Vocabu- 
 lary, the pupil must select the right one. 
 
 1. Sorrowful thou-goest-away : with wet eyes I-foUow 
 
 (thee) going-away, 
 And with low murmur (my) tongue says 'Farewell.' 
 
 2. Lo ! the slender ears-of-corn are shaken by the light 
 
 zephyr; 
 Now the cool breeze shakes the poplar (adj.) leaves. 
 
 3. (Her) robe was white, her hair (pi.) encompassed 
 
 with flowers (sing.), 
 A modest blush had-tinged (her) fair face (pL). 
 
 4. There-is a grove black both with pitch-trees and 
 
 with the leaves of the holm-oak. 
 Scarcely is-it-allowed to-the-rays of the sun to 
 approach it (ille). 
 
 5. Behold the branches curved with the weight of the 
 
 fruit (pi.) ; 
 Soon the tree will scarcely bear the heavy burden 
 Avhich it-has-produced. 
 
40 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 6. She herself gave gems for (my) fingers and gold for 
 
 (my) hair, 
 And herself put-on robes on-my shoulders {dat). 
 
 7. The wave was gleaming with the image of the 
 
 reflected moon, 
 And there-was the brightness of-day {adj.) in the 
 silent night. 
 
 8. And no voice ever came (miperf.) to our ears 
 
 Except the murmur of the water parted by-(my)- 
 body. 
 
 9. Already the battle-array (pi) had stood prepared 
 
 for-the-sword and-for-death ; 
 Already the trumpet was about to give the signal 
 for-the-fight. 
 
 10. The hounds and the hares have often lain beneath 
 
 one shade, 
 And the doe has stood next to the lioness on the 
 rock. 
 
 11. There-is near the purple hills of flowery Hymettus 
 
 A sacred fountain, and ground soft with-green turf. 
 
 12. At-that time the sturdy bull did not endure the 
 
 yoke (pL), 
 Nor did the horse bite the bit (pi) with tamed 
 mouth. 
 
Elegiac Couplets 41 
 
 13. Shall then {ergo) /, about to die (/.), neither see the 
 
 tears of a mother 
 Nor shall there-be (any) who may-close my eyes 
 with-(their)-fingers. 
 
 14. Let the sheep-folds be decorated with-leaves and 
 
 fixed branches, 
 And let a long garland cover the ornamented 
 doors. 
 
 15. Thou-drinkest from-the-fountain, and amazed (/.) 
 
 beholdest thy reflection, 
 And fearest lest the arms which thou bearest 
 may-strike thee. 
 
 16. I myself beneath the leaves of-the-tree {adj.) was 
 
 avoiding the heat, 
 But yet there-was heat beneath the leaf of-the- 
 tree {adj.). 
 
 17. The hunter well knows where to-stretch (jpres. suhj.) 
 
 (his)-nets for-the-stags ; 
 Well he-knows in- what valley the gnashing boar 
 lingers. 
 
 1 8. Spare, I pray, and hide-away thy thunderbolt, (those) 
 
 cruel weapons. 
 Weapons, alas ! too-well known to me, unhappy 
 (man). _ _ 
 
 ^ OF THE ^ 
 
 California- -^ 
 
42 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 19. Ye-bones, rest quiet, I pray, in the safe urn. 
 
 And may the ground be not burdensome to thine 
 ashes (5.) 1 
 
 20. As-long-as thou-art {fnt) prosperous, thou-wilt 
 
 number many friends ; 
 If the weather {pi.) is {fnt perf.) cloudy, thou- 
 wilt-be alone. 
 
 21. Whithersoever I look, there-is nothing but {nisi) \ 
 
 sea and air, j 
 
 The-one threatening with-swelling waves, the | 
 
 other with-clouds. \ 
 
 22. The Trojan fleet is-at-hand equipped with arms and I 
 
 men ; ] 
 
 Already the oar and the breeze will make swift | 
 
 way(^Z.). I 
 
 1 
 
 23. The way is long : nor do ye proceed with equal feet. | 
 
 And the earth lies covered under wintry snow. ] 
 
 24. While I lived with thee, while a light breeze was I 
 
 bearing me, i 
 
 This my bark ran through calm waters. \ 
 
 25. We hate the hawk because he always lives in arms. 
 And the wolves {ace.) accustomed to go against 
 {in + aee,) the trembling {pdvwLus) herd. 
 
 I 
 
Elegiac Couplets 43 
 
 26. Now the grass (pL) is thirsty; now the shade is 
 
 more pleasing to cattle ; 
 On all sides Cancer now is-burning-up the dry 
 fields. 
 
 27. Lo, seeking grass (pi.) mingled with-yarious flowers, 
 
 A white cow stood before my eyes. 
 
 28. Whiter than-the-snows then when they have fallen 
 
 fresh, 
 Which delay has not-yet turned into liquid waters. 
 
 29. Hither a crow gliding thro' the air with light wings 
 
 Came and sat chattering on the green ground. 
 
 30. An iron ring is worn-out by continuous use. 
 
 The curved ploughshare wears-away with the 
 continuous ground. 
 
 3 1. Lo, the boy of Venus bears both (his) quiver reversed. 
 
 And (his) broken bow (pi.), and his torch without 
 a light. 
 
 32. While the steel, and flames, and the juice of poison 
 
 is-at-hand (fut) 
 No enemy of Medea shall be unpunished. 
 
 33. Ah ! may he perish who ever discovered the redden- 
 
 ing grapes. 
 And first (adj.) spoilt the good water with nectar ! 
 
 34. Often great leaders, great tyrants have fallen, 
 
 And Thebes has-stood and lofty Troy has-been. 
 
44 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 35. The sailor talks of winds, the ploughman of bulls, 
 
 The soldier counts (his) wounds, the shepherd 
 his sheep. 
 
 36. Sooner shalt thou be able both to dry (up) the waves 
 
 of the sea (adj,) 
 And to pluck-down the high stars with mortal 
 hands. 
 
 37. Thou shalt not carry any wealth to the waves of 
 
 Acheron, 
 Naked, thou-fool, shalt thou be borne to the 
 infernal raft {pi.). 
 
 2)'^. There were (pluperf.) a^-many colours there as 
 nature has, 
 And the painted ground was shining with varied 
 flower. 
 
 39. I am-driven (forth) an exile, and leave the ashes of 
 
 my husband and my fatherland. 
 And am borne into hard ways, the enemy follow- 
 ing (abl. abs.). 
 
 40. The traveller however weary rises, when you come 
 
 (abl. abs.), 
 And the soldier snatches his arms with arm- 
 bearing hand. 
 
 41. It delights to go into the grove, and the stags being 
 
 driven into nets, 
 To urge the swift dogs over (per) the topmost hills. 
 
Rules of Quantity 45 
 
 42. The sun flies, and the clouds coming up conceal 
 the sky, 
 And heavy rain falls, the waters being poured out. 
 
 RULES OP QUANTITY. 
 
 Rule 1. — A vowel before two consonants or a double 
 consonant (i.e. x) is long : est, sunt, rex. 
 
 Exception : A vowel which is naturally short, 
 becomes doubtful when followed by two con- 
 sonants of which the first is a mute and the 
 second I or r: patris, volucris. 
 
 Rule 2. — A diphthong (i.e. two vowels forming one 
 sound) is long : aurum, praeter, coeluTn. 
 
 Exception : prae in compound words is short be- 
 fore a vowel : praeeunte, praeacutis. 
 
 Rule 3. — A vowel before another vowel (or It) in the 
 same word is short : meus, capio, trdho. 
 
 Exceptions : fw [all parts except fierem, -es, etc., 
 and/^6r^], dius, eheu, der (and other Greek words). 
 Doubtful, in fidei, rei, Diana. 
 
 Genitives in -ius, illius, nulllus, ipslus, 
 etc., but always alius, generally alterius. 
 
46 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES.-VOWELS. 
 
 N,B. — Rules 4 and 5 refer to words of more than one 
 syllable : for monosyllables see Eule 6. 
 
 Rule 4. — A final is short. 
 
 Exceptions : Ablatives of 1st Decl. : mensd, and 
 
 Greek Voc. Aened. 
 Imperative of 1st Conjug. : amd. 
 Indeclinable words, jnxtd, extra [but 
 
 quid, itd]. 
 
 E final is short. 
 
 Exceptions : Ablatives of 5th Decl. : re, specie, also 
 fame (3rd). 
 Adverbs in -e fjd&n adjectives in -us, 
 docte, etc., also fere, ferme [but 
 bene, male]. 
 Imperatives of 2nd Conjug.: Tnone 
 [doubtful in cave]. 
 
 I final is long. 
 
 Exceptions : nis^, quasi, necuM, sicuM. 
 Doubtful in iinihi, tibi, sibl, ib%, ubt 
 final is long. 
 
 Exceptions: egd, modS (adv.) and its compounds, 
 ceW, odd, dud, sciS, and nescid, and occasionally 
 other verbs. 
 
 U final is long. 
 
Rules of Quantity 47 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES.-CONSONANTS. 
 
 Rule 5. — AS final is long. 
 
 Exceptions : Greek nouns of 3rd Decl. Nom. Sing, 
 and Ace. PI. and anas. 
 
 ES final is long. 
 
 Exceptions : Nom. of 3rd Decl. (increasing short) ; 
 miles, ohs^s, seges, pedes [but abies, 
 aries, paries]. 
 Preposition penes. Compounds of es : 
 
 potes. 
 Nom. PL Greek Nouns, 3rd Decl.: 
 Arcades. 
 
 IS final is short. 
 
 Exceptions : Ablat. and Dat. PI. : pnerls, nobis. 
 
 Verbs, 2nd Sing. Pres. of 4th Conj. : 
 ^v/- andls. 
 Compounds of vis and sis: veils, 
 
 malls, noils. 
 Is=es in Ace. PI. 3rd Decl. : omnls — 
 
 omnes. 
 Doubtful in Fut. Perf amaverw. 
 
 OS final is long. 
 
 Exceptions : impSs, compSs, and Greek words as 
 DeWs. ^ _ 
 
 (university 
 ^\ Cal/fornia- 
 
48 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 US final is short. 
 
 Exceptions : Gen. Sing, and Nom. Voc. Ace. PL of 
 4th Decl. : gradus. 
 Nom. of Fern, words of 3rd Decl. 
 (increasing long) ; as, virtus, tellus, 
 senectus, palus, solus, juventus, 
 
 OTHER CONSONANTS. 
 
 C final is long, except donee. 
 
 D, T, L, N, R are short. 
 
 Exceptions : par and compounds, and some Greek 
 words, as aer. 
 
 MONOSYLLABLES. 
 Rule 6. — Words of one syllable are long, except the 
 
 wing : 
 ab 
 
 dat 
 
 id 
 
 ob quod 
 
 stet 
 
 ad 
 
 det 
 
 in 
 
 OS quot 
 
 sub 
 
 an 
 
 et 
 
 is 
 
 per sat 
 
 tot 
 
 at 
 
 es 
 
 it 
 
 qua (any) scit 
 
 lit 
 
 bis 
 
 fiic 
 
 mel 
 
 -que sed 
 
 vel 
 
 cis 
 
 m 
 
 -ne 
 
 quid sit 
 
 vir 
 
 cor 
 
 fer 
 
 nee 
 
 quis Stat 
 
 -ve 
 
Rules of Quantity 49 
 
 Rule 7. — A short final syllable ending in a consonant 
 becomes long when the next word begins with a 
 consonant : 
 
 monet euni, but Tnonet nos. 
 
 Rule 8. — A final syllable ending in a vowel or tyi is 
 elided when the next word begins with a vowel or li, 
 
 drvi(a) dviens. div(nvi) Incedo. 
 
 N.B. — Monosyllables are rarely elided. 
 
 Hexameters 
 
 1. Must have a Caesura, generally in 3rd foot. 
 
 2. Must end with a word of two or three syllables. 
 
 3. Should begin with a Dactyl, if possible. 
 
 Pentameters 
 
 1. Must end with a two-syllable word ; as, eraif, meo, 
 hdbent (except when est stands last after elision). 
 
 2. The last word rarely ends with a short vowel. 
 
 3. The first half must not end with a monosyllable 
 except — 
 
 (i) when preceded by another monosyllable or by a 
 word of two short syllables: non est, simUl est 
 (ii) when est stands last after elision. 
 
 4. No elision is allowed at the Caesura. 
 
 D 
 
50 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1. Verbs. — The quantity of the penultimate (i.e. the last 
 syllable but one) in the various tenses not given in the 
 Vocabulary, may be found from the Grammar ; thus, anidbat, 
 regeret, monehit. 
 
 2. In the Perfect of the 4th Conjugation the v is very often 
 omitted ; thus, audut for audlvif ; this is especially common in 
 compounds of eo ; thus, 7'ediitj subiit, etc. 
 
 3. In the 3rd person plural of the Perfect Indicative of all 
 verbs the form ending in -ere is very commonly used in verses ; 
 thus, monuere for monuerunt 
 
 4. The verb sto (and more rarely other verbs) shorten the e 
 in the 3rd plural of the Perfect ; thus, steterunt for steterunt. 
 
 5. The verb do^ unlike other verbs of 1st Conjugation, has 
 a short a throughout, except in 2nd Sing. Pres. Indie, and 
 Imperat. ; thus, dcibam, ddbo, etc., but das and del. Sto is long 
 throughout. 
 
 6. Prepositions usually stand either before the noun they 
 govern or before an adjective agreeing with the noun. 
 Prepositions of two syllables, as inter and circum, occasionally 
 stand after the noun they govern. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 abundant, fertil-is, -e 
 accustomed, s5litiis, -a, -um 
 Acheron, Acher-on, -ontis, on. 
 across, trans + Ace. 
 adorn, orno, 1 
 afford, praebeo, 2 
 again, rursiis, iterum 
 against, in + Ace. 
 air, aer, aeris, m.; Ace. aera 
 
 aura, -ae, /. 
 alas ! heu ! 
 oil, omn-is, -e 
 
 cunct-iis, -a, -um 
 all-powerfid, omnipot-ens, -entis 
 allowed, it is, licet 
 alone, sol-us, -a, -um 
 already, jam 
 also, quoque, etiam 
 oXtar, ara, -ae, /. 
 always, semper 
 amazed, stupefact-us, -a, -um 
 among, inter -f Ace. 
 anchor, ancora, -ae, /. 
 ancient, antiqu-us, -a, -um 
 and, 6t, atque, ac, -que. See p. 26 
 
 any, quis, qua, quid 
 uU-us, -2L, -um 
 Apollo, Apoll-o, -inis, m. 
 approach, propinquo, 1 
 
 ad-eo (compound of eo) 
 arise, exori-or, -ri, -ortus, 4 
 arm {limb), brachi-um, -i, n. 
 arm {vb.), armo, 1 
 arms {weapons), arm-a, -orum, n. 
 arm-bearing, armi-fer, -f era, -fgrum 
 around, circum + Ace. (Note 6) 
 arrow, sagitta, -ae, /. 
 art, ars, artis,/. 
 as, lit 
 
 as long as, donee 
 as many . . . as, tot . . . quot 
 ash, cinis, cineris, m. 
 at hand, be-, ad-sum, ad-esse, ad-fui 
 N.B. — dd, short before vowels, 
 as ddest 
 at the same time, simul 
 avoid, vito, 1 
 
 B 
 
 BaQchus, Bacch-us, -i, m. 
 band, agm-en, mis, n. 
 
52 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [bax-cal] 
 
 harh {i.e. 5oa^), cymb-a, -ae,/. 
 battle-array, aci-es, -ei, /. 
 he, sum, esse, fui 
 he-wet, m^deo, 2 
 he-ivhite, albeo, 2 
 hear, fero, ferre, ttili, latum 
 gero, gessi, gestum, 3 
 veho, vexi, vectum, 3 
 beast, pec-US, udis, /. 
 heat, pulso, 1 
 
 plango, planxi, planctum, 3 
 beauty, dec-us, -oris, n. 
 because, quia 
 
 before, ante, adv. and^rep. + Ace. 
 begin, coepi {perf.) 
 beginning, incept-um, -i, n. 
 coept-um, -i, n. 
 behold, aspicio, -spexi, -spectum, 3 
 cerno, crevi, cretum, 3 
 specto, 1 
 beloved, dulc-is, -e 
 bend, flecto, flexi, flexum, 3 
 beneath, siib + Ahl. 
 beseech, quaeso 
 
 beware, cS,ve-o, cavi, cautum, 2 
 bid, jtibeo, jussi, jussum, 2 
 bird, av-is, -is, /. 
 
 volucr-is, is,/, 
 ales, alitis, /. 
 bit, Itlp-us, -i, m. 
 
 fren-um, -i, n. (pi. m. or n.) 
 bite, mordeo, momordi, morsum, 2 
 blacTc, at-er, -ra, -rum 
 blind, caec-us, -a, -um 
 
 blood, sangu-is, -inis, ra. 
 
 bloodstained, sanguine-us, -a, -um 
 
 blush, riib-or, -oris, m. 
 
 hoar, aper, apri, m. 
 
 body, corp-us, -oris, n. 
 
 bold, aud-ax, -acis 
 
 bone, OS, ossis, n. 
 
 both . . . and, et . . . et 
 
 -qu6 . . . que. <S^eep.27 
 hough, ram-us, -i, m. 
 bound, fin-is, -is 
 boundless, immens-us, -a, -um 
 how, arc-US, -us, m. 
 hoy, pu-er, eri, m. 
 branch, ram-us, i, m. 
 bray, clang-or, -oris, rti. 
 break, f range, fregi, fractum, 3 
 breast, pect-us, -oris, n. 
 breeze, aur-a, -ae,/. 
 bright, lucid-us, -a, -um 
 h'ightness, nit-or, -oris, m. 
 bring bach, rgporto, 1 
 broad, lat-us, -a, -um 
 bidl, taur-us, -i, m. 
 burden, 5nus, oneris, n. 
 burdensome, onerosus, -a, -um 
 burn-up, ad-uro, ussi, -ustum, 3 
 bury, sepelio, -p6livi, -pultum, 4 
 hut, at, sed 
 
 call, voco, 1 
 
 call forth, evoco, 1 
 
[cal-day] 
 
 Vocabulary 
 
 53 
 
 calm, tranquill-us, -a, -um 
 
 compel, cogo, coegi, coactum, 3 
 
 pl^cid-us, -a, um 
 
 complain, quer-or, questus, 3 
 
 camp, castr-a, -orum, n., pi. 
 
 complaint, qu6rel-a, ae,/ 
 
 can, possum, posse, potui 
 
 comrade, c5mgs, -itis, m. 
 
 care, cur-a, ae,/. 
 
 conceal, celo 
 
 carry, porto, 1 
 
 conquer, vinco, vici, victum, 3 
 
 carry- rfero, ferre, ttili, latum 
 
 consecrate, sacro, 1 
 
 away ItoUo, sustuli, sublatum, 3 
 
 consent, annu-o, -i, 3 
 
 cast-down, sub-mitto, -mjsi, -mis- 
 
 contain, contineo, 2 
 
 sum, 3 
 
 continuous, assidu-us, -a, um 
 
 cattle, p6c-us, -lidis, /. 
 
 cool, frigid-us, -a, -um 
 
 pec-US, -6ris, n. 
 
 couch, t5r-us, -i, m. 
 
 cavern, antr-um, -i, n. 
 
 count, entimgro, 1 
 
 cavern-a, -ae,/. 
 
 countenance, vult-us, us, m. 
 
 spelunc-a, ae,/. 
 
 course, curs-us, -us, m. 
 
 chattering, garrul-us, -a, -um 
 
 cover, t6go, texi, tectum, 3 
 
 cheek, gen-a, -ae, /. 
 
 ad5p6rio, -ui, -tum 
 
 chill, gelid-US, -a, -um 
 
 cow, vacc-a, -ae,/ 
 
 city, urbs, urbis, /. 
 
 crop, tondeo, totondi, tonsum, 2 
 
 clear, clar-us, -a, -um 
 
 crow, corn-ix, -icis, / 
 
 cleave, findo, fidi, fissum, 3 
 
 crowd, turb-a, ae,/ 
 
 climb, scan-do, -di, -sum, 3 
 
 criiel, fer-us, -a, -um 
 
 close, con-do, -didi, ditum, 3 
 
 cultivator, c5l-ens, -entis 
 
 close by, juxta 
 
 cultivation, cult-us, us, m. 
 
 clothe, amic-io, -m. or -xi, -tum, 4 
 
 curved, adunc-us, -a, -um 
 
 clond, nub-es, -is, /. 
 
 curvat-us, -a, -um 
 
 nubil-um, i, n. 
 
 cut, caedo, cScidi, caesum, 3 
 
 cloudy, nubil-us, -a, -um 
 
 seco, -ui, -tum, 1 
 
 cold {adj. ), frIgid-us, -a, -um 
 
 
 {noun), frig-us, -5ris, n. 
 
 D 
 
 colour, c6l-5r, -oris, m. 
 
 
 come, ven-io, ven-i, -vent-um, 4 
 
 dart, tel-um, -i, n. 
 
 com^-up, siib-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum 
 
 day, di-es, -ei, m. (/ also in sing.) 
 
 companion, s5ci-us, -i, m. 
 
 {adj.), diurn-us, -a, -um 
 
54 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [dea-fal] 
 
 death, mors, mortis,/. 
 decorate, dec5ro, 1 
 deep, alt-US, -a, -um 
 
 pr5fund-us, -a, -um 
 delay, m6r-a, ae, /. 
 delight, jtiv-o, 1, libet, impers. 
 depart, de-ced-o, -cessi, -cessum, 3 
 descend, descen-do, -di, -sum, 3 
 desire, cupid-o, mis, /. 
 dew, ros, roris, m, 
 die, morior, mSri, mortuus, 3, fiit, 
 
 partic. m5riturus 
 discover, reperio, reppgri, reper- 
 
 tum, 4 
 disease, morb-us, -i, m. 
 dismiss, mitto, misi, missum, 3 
 doe, cerv-a, -ae,/. 
 dog, c^n-is, is, m. 
 door, f5r-es, -ium, / Zrd, pi. 
 draw, strin-go, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 drink, bib-o, -i, -itum, 3 
 drive, ago, egi, actum, 3 
 
 premo, pressi, pressum, 3 
 drive away, pello, pgptili, pulsum, 3 
 drowsy, sopor-us, -a, -um 
 dry {adj.), sicc-us, -a, -um 
 
 {vb.), sicco, 1 
 dushy, fusc-us, -a, -um 
 dye, tin-go, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 
 E 
 
 ear, aur-is, -is, /. 
 
 ^ar of corn, S-rist-a, -ae 
 
 ear?i, trib-uo, -ui, -utum, 3 
 
 earth, terr-a, -ae, /. 
 easy, facil-is, -e. 
 elm, ulm-us, -i,/ 
 empty, vS-cu-us, -a, -um 
 encompassed, praecinct-us, -a, -um 
 end^ fin-is, -is, m. 
 endure, per-f6ro, -tuli, -latum 
 sub-eo, -ire, -ii, itum 
 enemy, host-is, -is, m. 
 enormous, imman-is, -e 
 ec[iial, par, paris 
 
 aequ-us, -a, -um 
 equi}), instru-o, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 escape, effugio, -fugi, -fiigitum, 3 
 eternal, p6renn-is, -e 
 
 aetern-us, -a, -um 
 even, quoque 
 
 etiam 
 ever, unquam 
 every, omn-is, -e 
 except, praeter ■\- Ace. 
 excessive, nimi-us, -a, -um 
 exile, ex-ul, -iilis, m. 
 eye, ociil-us, -i, m. 
 
 ocell-us, -i, m. 
 
 lumen, inis, n. 
 
 face, vult-us, -us, m. 
 
 OS, oris, n. 
 fair, pul-cher, -chra, -chrum 
 
 formos-us, -a, -um 
 fall- cado, cScidi, casum, 3 
 
 labor, labi, lapsus, 3 
 
[fal-gif] 
 
 Vocabulary 
 
 55 
 
 fall-down^ decide, decidi, 3 
 fall out, excido, excidi, 3 
 fame, fam-a, -ae,/. 
 far, pr5cul 
 farewell. Vale 
 fate, fat-um, -i, n. 
 father, pater, patris, m. 
 fatherland, patri-a, -ae 
 favourable, s6cund-us, -£^, -um 
 fault, culp-a, -ae, /. 
 fear {vb.), tim-eo, -ui, 2 
 
 {noun), tim-or, oris, m. 
 met-us, -us, m. 
 feign, simiilo, 1 
 field, arv-um, -i, n. 
 ager, agri, m. 
 fight {vh. ), pugno, 1 
 
 {noun), pugn-a, -ae 
 figure, imag-o, -mis, /. 
 
 figur-a, -ae 
 fill, compl-eo, -evi, -etum, 2 
 
 impl-eo, -evi, -etum, 2 
 finger, digit- us, -i, w. 
 fire, ign-is, -is, m. 
 first {adj.), prim-US, -a, -um 
 
 {adv. ), primum 
 fit, apto, 1 
 
 fix, figo, fixi, fixum, 3 
 flame, flamm-a, -ae, /. 
 flash, fulg-ur, -iiris, n. 
 flee, fiigio, fugi, 3 
 fleet, class-is, -is,/. 
 flight, f tig-a, -ae, /. 
 flit, volito, 1 
 
 floch, pec-US, -oris, n. 
 grex, grggis, m. 
 flow, mano, 1 
 flower, flos, floris, m. 
 flowery, florens, -entis 
 fly, vole, 1 
 
 fiigio, fugi, 3 
 fly in all directions, diffugio, 3 
 foam, spumo, 1 
 follow, sequor, s6cutus, 3 
 
 prosgquor, 3 
 fool, stult-us, -i, m. 
 
 foot, pes, pgdis, m. 
 foremost, prin-ceps, cipis 
 forgive, ig-nosco, -novi, -notum, 
 
 3, Dat. 
 fountain, fons, fontis, m. 
 frenzied, insau-us, -a, -um 
 frequent, cre-ber, -bra, -brum 
 fresh, rec-ens, -entis 
 friend, Smic-us, -i, m. 
 
 friendly, S.mic-us, -a, -um 
 from, a, ab | ^ ^^^^ 
 
 de, ex ' 
 fruit, pum-um, -i, n. 
 fidl, plen-us, -a, -um 
 
 G 
 
 gain, t6n-eo, -ui, 2 
 garland, coron-a, ae, /. 
 garment, vest-is, -is,/. 
 gem, gemm-a, -ae, /. 
 gently, more, mitius 
 , gift, don-um, -i, n. 
 
56 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [giv-hol] 
 
 givCf do, dare, d6di, datum, 1 
 
 N.B. — a short throughout 
 except das and Imperat. 
 da. 
 give-hack, red-do, -didi, -ditum, 3 
 glassy, vitre-us, -a, -um 
 gleam, mico, -ui, 1 
 
 radio, 1 
 glide, labor, lapsus, 3 
 
 delabor, delapsus, 3 
 glide-over, perlabor, perlapsus, 3 
 glory, gloria, -ae, /. 
 gnashing, frend-ens, -entis 
 go, eo, ire, li (ivi), itum 
 
 ingrgdior, ingressus, 3 
 go away, ab-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum 
 goal, met-a, -ae, /. 
 god, de-US, -i, div-us, -i, m. 
 goddess, de-a, -ae, div-a, -ae,/. 
 gold, aur-um, -i, ?i. 
 gold-bearing, aurl-fer, -fSra, 
 
 -fSrum 
 golden, aure-us, -a, -um 
 good, b5n-us, -a, -um 
 grant, do, dare. See *give.' 
 grape, tiv-a, -ae, /. 
 grass, herb-a, -ae,/ 
 
 gram-en, -inis, n. 
 great, magn-us, -a, -um 
 green, virid-is, -e 
 groan, g6mit-us, -us, m. 
 ground, hiim-us, -\,f. 
 grove, luc-us, -i, m, 
 
 n6m-us, -6ris, n. 
 
 , r6go, rexi, rectum, 3 
 di-rigo, -rexi, -rectum, 3 
 
 H 
 
 hair, capill-us, -i, m. 
 
 crin-es, -ium, m. pi. 
 hand, man-us, -iis,/. 
 hang, pendeo, pgpendi, pensum, 2 
 hard, dur-us, -a, -um 
 hardly, vix 
 hare, l6p-us, 5ris, m. 
 hasten,, maturo, 1 
 hate, odi {perf. ) 
 have, habeo, -ui, itum, 2 
 hawk, accipi-ter, -tris, m. 
 he, ille 
 
 heart, cor, cordis, n. 
 heat, aest-us, -us, m. j 
 
 heaven, coel-um, -i, n. 
 heavy, grav-is, -is 
 hence, hinc 
 herd, pec-us, -oris, n. 
 
 arment-um, -i, n. 
 here, hie 
 hide, celo, 1 
 
 hide-away, r6cond-o, -idi, -itum, 3 
 high, alt-US, -a, -um 
 hill, coll -is, -is, m. 
 jug-um, -i, n, 
 himself, se {suhst.) 
 ipse {adj.) 
 hither^ hue 
 
 hoarfrost, pruin-a, -2iQ,f 
 hold, t6n-eo, -ui, 2 
 
[hol-lin] 
 
 Vocabulary 
 
 57 
 
 hollow [adj.), concav-us, -a, -um 
 
 (v6.), cavo, 1 
 holm oak, ilex, ilicls, /. 
 hope [vh.)i spero, 1 
 
 {noun), spes, sp6i, /. 
 horse^ equ-us, -i, m, 
 hostile, inimic-us, -a, -um 
 hound, cSn-is, -is, m. 
 hour, hor-a, -ae,/. 
 house, d6m-us, -us,/. 
 how, quam 
 however, quamvis 
 hitge, ing-ens, -entis 
 hundred, centum 
 hunter, venat-or, -oris, m, 
 hurl, con-torqueo, -torsi, -tortum, 2 
 husband, vir, viri, m. 
 Hymettus, Hymett-us, -i, m. 
 
 I 
 
 Ida, Ida, -ae,/. 
 
 if, si 
 
 image, imag-o, -inis,/. 
 
 infernal, infern-us, -a, -um 
 
 instead of, pro + AbL 
 
 into, in + Ace. 
 
 iron {adj.), ferre-us, -a, -um 
 
 itself, ipse, ipsa, ipsum 
 
 Itys, {ace.) Ityn 
 
 ivy, heder-a, -ae 
 
 J 
 
 join, ad-jun-go, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 journey, iter, itinfiris, n. 
 joyful, laet-us, -a, -um 
 
 juice, suc-us, 1, m. 
 Jupiter, Jupiter, J6vis, m, 
 just, Justus, -a, -um 
 
 K 
 
 king, rex, regis, m. 
 kingdom, regn-um, -i, n. 
 know, scio, scivi, 4 
 
 cog-nosco, -novi, -nitum, 3 
 
 L 
 
 labour, iS-b-or, -oris, m. 
 
 land, terr-a, ae,/. 
 
 last, ultim-us, -a,' um 
 
 launch, de-duco, -duxi, -ductum, 3 
 
 laurel, laur-us, -i or -us, /. 
 
 lay -aside, pono, p5siii, positum, 3 
 
 lay down, depono ,, ,, ,, 
 
 lead, dtico, duxi, ductum, 3 
 
 leader, dux, ducis, m. 
 
 leaf, f5li-um, -i, n. 
 
 fron-s, -dis,/. 
 
 c5m-a, -ae,/. 
 leave, linquo, liqui, 3 
 
 r6-linquo, -llqui, -lictum, 3 
 left, laev-us, -a, -um 
 lest, ne 
 
 lie {down), cti-bo, -ui, -itum, 1 
 lie {hid), lat-eo, -ui, 2 
 life, vit-a, ae,/ 
 lifeless, exS,nim-is, -is 
 light {noun), lux, lucis,/ 
 
 {adj,), I6v-is, -is 
 lily, lili-um, -i, n, 
 linger, m5ror, 1 
 
 y^^ OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSII 
 
58 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [lio-ope] 
 
 lioness, lea, -ae,/. 
 
 N 
 
 liquid, liquid-US, -a, -um 
 
 naked, nudus, -a, -um 
 
 live, vivo, vixi, victum, 3 
 
 7iame, nom-en, -inis, n. 
 
 lo ! en, ecce 
 
 nature, natura, -ae,/. 
 
 lofti/, alt-US, -a, -um 
 
 near, propg 4- Ace. 
 
 long, long-US, -a, -um 
 
 neck, coll-um, -1, n. 
 
 lose, amitto, amisi, amissum, 3 
 
 nectar, nect-ar, -aris, n. 
 
 love, am-or, oris, m. 
 
 neither, n6c, n6que 
 
 low, tenu-is, -is 
 
 net, ret-e, -is, n. 
 
 Lydian, Lydi-us, -a, -um 
 
 never -failing, p6renn-is, -e 
 
 M 
 
 new, nov-us, -a, -um 
 
 
 next, proxim-us, -a, -um 
 
 make, f^cio, feci, factum, 3 
 
 7iight, nox, noctis, /. 
 
 man, li5m-o, inis 
 
 no, null-US, -a, -um 
 
 vir, viri. Gen. pi. virum 
 
 nor, ngc, ngque 
 
 many, multus, -a, -um 
 
 not, non ; not-yet, nondum 
 
 meanivhile, interea 
 
 7iothing, nihil 
 
 Medea, Medea, -SLe,f. 
 
 now, nunc, jam j 
 
 middle, m6di-us, -a, -um 
 
 number {noun), ntimer-us, -i, m. 
 
 midst, m6di-um, -i, n. 
 
 {vh. ), numgro, 1 
 
 mingle, misc-eo, -ui, mixtum, 2 
 
 im-misceo, etc. 
 miserable, mis-er, -gra, -6rum 
 moan for, lugeo, luxi, 2 ; gemo, 3 
 modest, v6recund-us, -a, um 
 moon, lun-a, -ae, /. 
 morniiig, in the, mane [Adv.) 
 mortal, mortal -is, -e 
 moss, musc-a, -2LQ,f. 
 mother, mater, matris 
 mouth, OS, oris, n. 
 move, moveo, movi, motum, 2 
 murmur, murm-ur, -ttris, n. 
 my, me-us, -a, -um 
 
 
 
 oar, rem-us, -i, m. 
 obey, pareo, 2 {Dat. ) 
 ocean, Ocean-us, -i, m. 
 offer, praebeo, 2 
 often, saepe 
 old, v6t-us, -6ris 
 olive, oliva, -ae,/. 
 on, in -f Abl. 
 on all sides, undique 
 one, un-us, -a, -um 
 07ie . . . the other, hie . . . ille 
 1^ open, ^pert-us, -a, -um 
 
[opp-qui] 
 
 Vocabulary 
 
 59 
 
 opposing, advers-us, -a, -um 
 
 pluck doivn, de-ripio, -ripui, -rep- 
 
 or, aut 
 
 tum, 3 
 
 Orcus, Orcus, -i, m. 
 
 poison, vSnen-um,. -i, n. 
 
 ornament {vh.), orno, 1 
 
 pole (i.e. sky), p5lus, -i, m. 
 
 other, ali-us, -a, -ud. See ' one. ' 
 
 poplar, popul-us, i,/ 
 
 owr, nos-ter, -tra, trum 
 
 {adj.), popiil-eus, -ea, -eum 
 
 over, p6r + Ace. 
 
 porch, vestlbul-um, -i, n. 
 
 
 pour-out, effundo, -fudi, fusum, 3 
 
 P 
 
 praise, laus, laudis,/ 
 
 pray, prScor, 1 
 
 painted, pictus, -a, -um 
 
 prayer (prex), precis,/. 
 
 palm, palm-a, -ae,/. 
 
 prepare, paro, 1 
 
 pant, anhelo, 1 
 
 2Jresent, he, ad-sum, ad-esse, -fui 
 
 pardon, v6iii-a, ae,/. 
 
 N.B.—dd short before a vowel 
 
 parent, par-ens, -entis 
 
 press, premo, pressi, pressum, 3 
 
 part, pars, partis, /. 
 
 priestess, sacerdos, -dotis,/. 
 
 parted, dimot-us, -a, -um 
 
 prison, carc-er, -6ris, m. 
 
 pass, trans-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum 
 
 proceed, pro-cedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3 
 
 praet6r-eo, etc. 
 
 produce, ptlrio, p6pSri, partum, 3 
 
 path, via, viae,/. 
 
 prosperous, felix, -icis 
 
 peace, pax, pacis,/ 
 
 proud, stiperb-us, -a, -um 
 
 perhaps, f orsitttn 
 
 prow, pror-a, -ae, /. 
 
 perish, p6r-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum 
 
 pumice, pum-ex, -icis, m. 
 
 permit, sino, sivi, situm, 3 
 
 pure, piir-us, -a, -um 
 
 pitch tree, picea, ae, /. 
 
 piurple {noun), mur-ex, -icis, 7n. 
 
 piteous, mis-er, 6ra, -6rum 
 
 {adj. ), purpureus, -a, -um 
 
 place [noun), I5c-us, -i, m. , pi. loci 
 
 put, impono, -posui, positum, 3 
 
 or I5ca 
 
 put on, ind-uo, -ui, -iitum, 3 
 
 {vh. ), pono, posui, positum, 3 
 
 put forth leaves, frondeo, 2 
 
 pleasant, jticund-us, -a, -um 
 
 2')ut to flight, ftigo, 1 
 
 pleasing, grat-us, -a, -um 
 
 Q 
 
 plough, aratr-um, -i, n. 
 
 quiet, quiet-US, -a, -um 
 
 ploughman, arat-or, -oris, m. 
 
 quiver {noun), pharetra, ae, /. 
 
 ploughshare, vom-er, -eris, m. 
 
 {vh. ) tremo, -ui, -itum, 3 
 
6o 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [raf-sha] 
 
 
 rod, virga, -ae,/. 
 
 R 
 
 Rome, Roma, -ae,/ 
 
 raft, r3,t-is, is,/. 
 
 roof, fastigi-um, -i, n. 
 
 rain, im-ber, -bris, m. 
 
 round, circum -f^cc. 
 
 raise, toUo, sustiili, sublatum. 
 
 ride, rggo, rexi, rectum, 3 
 
 ray, radi-us, i, m. 
 
 run, curro, cticurri, cursum, 3 
 
 read, l^go, legi, lectum, 3. 
 
 rustic, rustic-US, -i, m. 
 
 recall, r6v6co, 1. 
 
 
 receive, ac-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum, 3 
 
 S 
 
 red, be, rubeo, 2 
 
 sacred, sa-cer, -era, -crum 
 
 redden, riibeo, 2 
 
 safe, tut-us, -a, -um 
 
 rtibesco, 3 
 
 safety, sal-us, -utis,/ 
 
 re-echo, resulto, 1 
 
 sail, vel-um, -i, n. 
 
 reflected, rgpercussiis, -a, -urn 
 
 sailor, navita, -ae, m. 
 
 reflection, figur-a, -ae,/. 
 
 naut-a, -ae, m. 
 
 rein, haben-a, -ae,/. 
 
 same, idem, eadem, idem 
 
 rend, scindo, scldij scismim, 3 
 
 same time, at the, simul 
 
 renew, rgnovo, 1 
 
 sand, aren-a, -ae, / 
 
 resound, in&oTi-o, -ui, 1 
 
 say, dico, dixi, dictum, 3 
 
 rest, qui-esco, -evi, -etum, 3 
 
 scarcely, vix 
 
 requiesco, etc., 3 
 
 sea, mar-e, -is, n. 
 
 restore, red-do, -didi, -ditum, 3 
 
 pont-us, -i, m. 
 
 return, red-eo, -ire, -ii, -Itum 
 
 aequ-or, -oris, n. 
 
 reversed, eversus, -a, -um 
 
 sea {adj. ), marin-us, -a, -um 
 
 revisit, revise, -i, -sum, 3 
 
 see, vid-eo, vidi, visum, 2 
 
 right hand, dextr-a, -ae, / 
 ring [vh.), cons6n-o, -ui, 1 
 
 {noun), annulus, -i, m. 
 rise, surge, surrexi, surrectum, 3 
 rohe, vest-is, -is,/ 
 
 pall-a, -ae,/ 
 rock, rup-es, is,/ 
 
 sc6pul-us, -i, m. 
 
 saxum, -i, n. 
 
 seek, p6t-o, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 3 
 seem, videor, visus, 2 
 seize, compren-do, -di, -sum, 3 
 send, mitto, misi, missum, 3 
 send hack, remitto, etc. 
 settle, con-sido, -sidi, -sessum, 3 
 shade, umbr-a, -ae,/ 
 shadow, umbr-a, -ae, / 
 shady, umbros-us, -a, -um 
 
[sha-sto] 
 
 Vocabulary 
 
 6i 
 
 e, vibro, 1 
 
 quatio, quassi, quassum, 3 
 she, ilia 
 
 sheep, ovis, -is,/. 
 sheep/old, ovile, -is, w. 
 shepherd, past-or, -oris, 771. 
 shield, parm-a, ae, /. 
 shine, nlteo, 2 
 ship, nav-is, -is,/. , 
 
 pupp-is, -is, /. ' 
 shipwrecked man, naufrag-us, -i, m. 
 shore, llt-us, -oris, n, 
 shoidder, humer-us, -i, m, 
 shout, clam-or, -oris, m. 
 shudder, horreo, 2 
 sickle, falx, falcis,/. 
 side, lat-us, -eris, n. 
 sides, on all, undlque. 
 sign •\ 
 
 silent, sil-ens, -entis 
 
 tacit-US, -a, -um 
 silver, argent-um, -i, n. 
 sing, cano, cecini, can turn, 3 
 sink, merge, mersi, mersum, 3 
 sink down, subside, -di, 3 
 sister, s6r-or, -oris,/. 
 sit, s6d-eo, sedi, sessum, 2 
 sky, aeth-er, -6ris, m. ; Ace. aethera 
 
 coelum, -i, n. 
 slay, caedo, c6cidi, caesum, 3 
 sleep, somn-us, -i, m. 
 slender, gracil-is, e 
 snatch, corrip-io, -ui, -reptum, 8 
 
 snow, nix, nivis,/. 
 
 soft, moll-is, e 
 
 soldier, mil-es, -itis 
 
 song, carm-en, -inis, n. 
 
 soon, mox 
 
 soo7ier, prius 
 
 sorroiv, dol-or, oris, m. 
 
 sorroiv/ul, trist-is, -e 
 
 sought. See * seek ' 
 
 sold, anima, -ae, / 
 
 sound (noun), son-us, -i, m. 
 
 sonit-us, -us, m. 
 
 {vb.), son-o, -ui, -itum, 1 
 soiUh wind, N6t-us, -i, m. 
 spare, parco, pgperci, 3 
 speak, for, fari, fatus, 1 
 
 dico, dixi, dictum, 3 
 spear, hasta, -ae, /. 
 spirited, animos-us, -a, -um 
 spoil, cor-rumpo, -rupi, ruptum, 3 
 sport. 111 d -us, -i, -m 
 spriyikle, spar-go, -si, -sum, 3 
 stag, cer-vus, ;vi, m. 
 stain, tin-go, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 stake, pal-US, -i, m. 
 stand, sto, steti, statum, 1 
 
 con-sto, -stiti, 1 
 star, stell-a, -ae,/. 
 
 Sid-US, 6ris, n. 
 
 astr-um, -i, n. 
 steel, ferr-um, -i, n. 
 stern, pupp-is, -is,/.; Ahl. -I 
 stone, lap-is, idis, m. 
 story, fabula, -ae,/. 
 
^2 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [str-tin] 
 
 strait, fr6t-um, -i, qi. 
 stray, erro, 1 
 stream, riv-us, -i, m. 
 ven-a, -ae,/ 
 strength, vires, virium,/. 
 stretch, tendo, tgtendi, tensum, 3 
 strike, f6r-io, ii, 4 
 
 plan-go, xi, -ctum, 3 
 
 ICO, ici, ictum, 3 
 string, chord-a, -ae, /. 
 strive, conten-do, -di, -turn, 3 
 sturdy, valid-us, -a, -um 
 submit, sub-mitto, misi, -missum, 3 
 sudden, subit-us, -a, -um 
 sun, sol, soils, m. 
 sunny, apri-cus, -a, -um 
 surrounded, praecinct-us, -a, -um 
 suspended, suspens-us, -a, -um 
 sioay, imperi-um, -i, n. 
 sweetly, dulce 
 swelling, tiimid-us, -a, -um 
 swift, c6l-er, -eris, -ere 
 sword, ens-is, -is, tw. 
 
 take, capio, cepi, captum, 3 
 
 take away, aufSro, abstuli, ablatum 
 
 take-in, ISgo, legi, lectum, 3 
 
 talent, tS,lent-um, -i, n. 
 
 talk, narro, 1 
 
 tame, dom-o, -ui, -itum, 1 
 
 teach, doc-eo, -ui, -turn, 2 
 
 tear, lacrim-a, -ae, /. 
 
 tear-drop, gutt-a, -ae, / 
 
 tell, dico, dixi, dictum, 3 
 temple, templ-um, -i, n. 
 tender, ten-er, -Sra, -erum 
 terrify, terreo, 2 
 than, quam, or Ahl. of Comp. 
 Thebes, Theb-ae, -arum,/. 
 themselves, ipsi, se 
 then, dginde or deinde ; tum 
 there, illic 
 there-is, est 
 they, illi 
 
 thick, 6pac-us, -a, -um 
 cel6b-er, -ris, -e 
 thin, t6nu-is, -e 
 thing (use Neuter Adj.) 
 thirsty, be, sitio, 4 
 this, hie, baec, hoc 
 thou, tu 
 thousand, mill6 
 threat, min-ae, -arum,/. 
 threatening, min-ax, -acis 
 three, tres, tria 
 threshold, lim-en, -inis, n. 
 thrice, ter . 
 through, per + Ace. 
 throw, jacio, jeci, jactum, 3 
 
 in-jicio, -jeci, -jectum, 3 
 thumb, poll-ex, icis, m. 
 thunder, intono (or tono), -ui, -itum 
 thunderbolt, fulm-en, -inis, n. 
 thy, tuus, -a, um 
 time, temp-us, oris, n. 
 time, at same, simiil 
 tinge, tingo, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 
[to-wea] 
 
 Vocabulary 
 
 63 
 
 tOf ad + Ace, 
 tongue, lingu-a, ^ae,/. 
 too well, nimium 
 
 isumm-us, -a, -um 
 N.B. — the top of the 
 'inountain = summiis 
 mons 
 torch^ fax, facis, /. 
 ^065, jacto, 1 
 towards, ad 
 
 traveller, viat-or, -oris, nti. 
 treacherous, perfid-us, -a, -um 
 tree, arb-or, oris,/. 
 
 {adj, ), arbor-eus, -ea, -eum 
 tremble, tr6m-o, -ui, itum, 3 
 Trojan, Troic-us, -a, -um 
 Troy, Troja, -ae,/. 
 trurti'pet, litu-us, -i, m. 
 tub-a, -ae,/. 
 turf, cesp-es, itis^ m. 
 turn, ver-to, -ti, -sum, 3 
 txoice, bis 
 
 tyrant, tj^rann-us, -i, m. 
 Tyrian, T^ri-us, -a, -um 
 
 U 
 
 unconscious, insci-us, -a, -um 
 
 under, sub + Ahl. 
 
 C sub-eo, ire, -ii, -itum 
 underqo, A 
 
 K pUtior, passus, 3 
 
 unhappy, mis-er, 6ra, erum 
 
 infel-ix, -icis 
 
 unpunished, inult-us, -a, -um 
 
 miresisting, indocil-is, -e 
 
 unwilling, in Vitus, -a, -um 
 
 upturned, ertit-us, -a, -um 
 
 urge, hortor, 1 
 
 urn, urn-a, -ae, /. 
 
 us, nos 
 
 use, tis-us, us, m. 
 
 vain, in, frustra 
 valley, vall-is, -is,/. 
 vanish, evan-esco, -ui, 3 
 varied, dissimil-is, -e 
 various, va,ri-us, -a, -um 
 Venus, Ven-us,' -eris, /. 
 very, ipse 
 
 victim, victim-a, -ae, /.] 
 victorious, victor, -oris 
 vine, vit-is, -is,/ 
 voice, vox, voc-is,/ 
 
 W 
 
 wall, mtir-us, -i, m. 
 
 moeni-a, -orum, n. pi. 
 wander, erro, 1 
 was, gram or fui 
 loatchfid, vigil, -ilis 
 water, aqu-a, -ae, / 
 wave, und-a, -ae,/ 
 
 fluct-us, -us, m. 
 way, vi-a, -ae, / 
 wealth, op-es, -um, / pi. 
 weapon, tel-um, -i, n. 
 wear away {intr.), inter-eo, -ii, 
 -itum, 4 
 
64 
 
 First Latin Verse Book 
 
 [wea-Zep] 
 
 icear out {tr.), constim-o, -psi, 
 
 -ptum, 3 
 weary {adj.), fess-us, -a, -um 
 
 {vh.), lasso, 1 
 weather, temp-us, -5ris, n. 
 weep, fle-o, flevi, 2 
 weight, pond-us, -eris, n. 
 well, b6ne 
 wet, tid-us, -a, -um 
 wet, he, madeo, 2 
 what? quid 
 wheel, r5t-a, -ae, /. 
 lohen, iibi ; cum 
 where, ubi; qua 
 wherever, quacunqug 
 ivhich, qui, quae, quod 
 while, dum 
 
 whirlpool, gur-g6s, -gitis, m, 
 white, candid -us, -a, -um 
 white, he, albeo, 2 
 whithersoever, quocunquS 
 whoever, quicunque 
 whole, tot-US, -a, -um 
 lohy, quid, ciir 
 ivind, vent-US, -i, m. 
 winding, curv-us, -a, -um 
 wine, vin-um, -i, n. 
 wing, al-a, -ae,/. 
 
 penn-a, -ae, / 
 wintry, brumal-is, -e 
 
 ivish, volo, velle, v6lui 
 with, cum -f Ahl. 
 within, intra + Ace, 
 without, sing -f- AhL 
 wolf, Ittp-us, -i, m. 
 wonted, solit-us, -a, -um 
 wood, silva, -ae, /. 
 iL'Oody, n6m6ros-us, -a, -um 
 word, verb-um, -i, n, 
 7vork, 6p-us, -eris, n. 
 world, orb-is, -is, 7n. 
 
 orbis terrarum 
 worthy, dign-us, -a, -um (Ahl.) 
 wound {noun), vuln-us, -eris, n. 
 
 {vh.), saucio, 1 
 wrestle, luctor, 1 
 wretched, mis-er, -6ra, -erum 
 write, scri-bo, -psi, -ptum, 3 
 
 year, ann-us, -i, m. 
 
 yellow, flav-us, -a, -um 
 
 yet, tam^n 
 
 yoke {vh.) jun-go, -xi, -ctum, 3 
 
 {noun), jug-um, -i 
 your, vest-er, -ra, -rum 
 
 Z 
 
 Zephyr, Z6phyr-us, -i, m. 
 
 Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to Her Majesty, 
 at the Edinburgh University Press. 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
l^'i:J A ly^i^Kif Or A^i^-. \f^uM 
 
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U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 
 
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