THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ^ tjb .-, -_. . jCiP^Ai - -AydM^ <^ ife) - MVJ&V ,:- ") -:. ( wine /^J*1 JL 2m* n /. r PERNIN'S i UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY All Students of Pernin Shorthand SHOULD SUBSCRIBE FOR - TtjG Pernin Tliis monthly shorthand publication is invaluable to students. Each number contains several pages of engraved shorthand, prepared by the author of this system, matter for dictation, advice by the author, teachers and practical stenographers; together with news and miscel- laneous matter pertaining to the profession, besides a full course of lessons. One Dollar per year. You cannot afford to be without it. SUBSCRIBE NOW. H. M. PERfiltf, Publisher and Editor. Author of the PERNIN SHORTHAND BOOKS. Editor THE PERNIN STENOGRAPHER. TWENTY-FIRST EDITION PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, H. M. PERNIN. DETROIT, MICH. 1903. PERNIN'S | MIYERSAL PHONOGRAPHY IN TEN LESSONS. \ THE SIMPLEST, MOST LEGIBLE AND RAPID SHORT- HMD METHOD IN THE WORLD, THE ONLY STRICTLY PHONETIC!, LIGHT-LINE, NON-POSITION AND CONNECTIVE VOWEL SYSTEM IN USE. FOR SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE STUDY. Awarded. "World's Fair Medal and Two Diploma*. BY H. M. PERNIN, I Author of the PERNIN SHORTHAND BOOKS. Editor THE PERNIN STENOGRAPH BR. \ t TWENTY-FIRST EDITION f \ ' PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, H. M. PERNIN. DETROIT, MICH. 1903. COPYRIGHT BY H. M. PERNIN, COPYRIGHT BY H. M. PERNIN, 1899. ^v a . PREFACE TO THE TWENTY-FIEST EDITION We again have the pleasure of publishing another large edition of the Pernin Universal Phonography and can only reiterate our thanks to the public for its very generous appreciation of the merits of the Pernin Shorthand, which they have unqualifiedly endorsed as the most popular of all shorthand methods, the method best adapted for the schools, the amateur and the expert. H. M. PERNIN, Author. DETROIT, MICH., SEPT., 1903. 452^84 PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. It is a little moie than three years since the last edition of several thousand copies of the Pernin shorthand method was given to the public. Previous to that time, although two small editions of the work had been printed, there were few if any practical writers of the system. This was due principally to the fact that no effort had been made to teach or introduce it. Now the Pernin stenographers are to be found in every State in the Union, and all are active and enthusiastic agents in making its unrivalled merits known to their friends and acquaintances. The very remarkable success which the system has attained in this brief period of time, while yet in its earliest infancy, has proved that the public demand for a simple, legible and practical method has been fully met. This success is all the more noticeable, as owing to the author's continued ill-health since the publication of the Third Edition, but comparatively little could be done to place the work before the public. It was not even given to the booksellers, the great bulk of the orders coming direct to the author. In spite of the drawback above cited, and in the face of misrepresentation and prejudice from rival interests, on the strength of its superior merits alone, it has steadily worked its way into public favor, finding its way unsolicited into many of the leading Schools and Colleges of the country, and winning golden opinions from writers of the old-time complicated systems who were fair enough to give it a candid investigation. In many instances they have become its most ardent supporters. The firm hold the Pernin phonography has obtained upon the shorthand public is due to its great simplicity and legibility, which places it, not in the hands of a few as with difficult sys- tems, but within easy reach of the masses, to whom shorthand in the near future will be one of the necessary acquirements of a 5 r i 4 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. t common education ; thus justifying its title, the Universal Phon- | ography. i The Third Edition of our work differed radically from the \ original Duployan method as well as from the two preceding i editions. A portion only uf tho original alphabet was retained, | the changes therefrom and the complete reporting style being i entirely the author's invention, as well as the arrangement and $ classification of the method. A still greater deviation from the i original alphabet i? made in the pisent work, so that in reality j but little resemblance can now be traced between the two systems except in their admirable simplicity and legibility, the Pernin j| method being much better adapted lor rapid reporting work. The system as presented in the Fourth Edition, places it at the j head of the brief reporting styles, while it holds, as before, the foremost rank for ease of acquirement and the fa ility with which the notes can be read, and is the result of several years' study and experience by the author. No special age or education is needed to gain a knowledge of this pleasing and useful art by the Pernin method. It can be learned by the child of ceven or the man or woman of sixty years. The ability to read is all that is necessary for its acquirement, and a knowledge of spelling and punctuation the only further requisites to put it into practical use for note- taking or amanuensis work. For the more advanced line of news- paper and court reporting, a higher education and a special adapt- ability is of course required. Our plan of dividing the alphabet into graded lessons and not introducing contracted forms until the student is able to spell phonetically and to write words in full, instead of giving the entire alphabet at once and using contractions from the start, as is done in other shorthand methods, enables any one to readily undertake the study, even without the assistance of n teacher. The present work retains the simple arrangement of former editions ; a mode of presenting the art to be found only in our books. The instructions are ample, the illustrations profuse, and the reading and writing exercises embrace all departments of shorthand work. The author and publisher has spared no expense in phonographic PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. engravings for this book. This department has been executed by the leading engraving establishment in the country, and for the number, variety and quality of the engraved illustrations and exercises, it is unequalled by any other shorthand text-book in use. A knowledge of the superior merits of the system has prompted J unscrupulous persons to take advantage of the author's inventions \ by fraudulently appropriating them to their own use. A notable I instance of this kind is found in the case of a former agent, Sloan, | who copied our work literally, including all the author's improve- i ments upon the Duployan Shorthand, and, under the name of the \ Sloan-Duployan Phonography, took a most unmanly advantage i of his residence in England to have our book copyrighted there. [ The system was subsequently mutilated to show a little deviation | from the original, but the Pernin inventions are still retained in \ Sloan's pamphlets. Others have also endeavored to use our improvements without due credit to us, and notice is hereby given that in future all plagiarists will be dealt with to the utmost limits of the law for infringement of copyright. Since the publication of the last edition some improvements, resulting from further practice, study and teaching, as before stated, have suggested themselves. These improvements, with the necessary changes in the method, are embodied in the present volume, and can be readily adopted by all Pernin writers with advantage and without difficulty where greater rapidity is desir- able. While these changes produce a gain of at least 25 per cent, in brevity, the other leading points of superiority of this system, its great simplicity and legibility, have been in all cases preserved, indeed, in many respects equally improved. One of the most important changes is the new method of vowel contraction, whereby one general position takes the place of several as here- tofore, thus bringing the "writing into almost uniform lineality, making the contraction much simpler and the writing more brief, while the production of the vowel or combination upon which the abbreviation is made, instead of the mere suggestion of it, adds greatly to the legibility of the writing. The short r sign, and the . 9 6 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. method of frequently indicating it without writing, are other steps toward greater brevity, as ? is one of the most frequently recurring letters, and in most shorthand systems is indicated by shading and by various changes for the one character. The new sign for u, and the set positions for oo, u, e, e, I, and the combina- tions an, enin, on tmalso tend to greater legibility, while the adop- tion of the new combinations, am, imcm, om um, as they are of such frequent occurrence, adds a good deal to the brevity of the words in which they occur. The new signs for the combined conson- ants st, str, sp, spr, sk, skr, krs, grs, kw, gw ; the double length consonant signs ; the simplification of, and additions to the pre- fixes and affixes ; the indication of the before words ; the indi- cation of final s ; the greater amount of phrasing, and the larger number of illustrations, etc., etc., in this edition, are all improve- ments in the matter either of simplicity, legibility, brevit}', rapid- ity, or ease of acquisition. These changes are all so simple and practical, that any writer of the system can readily adopt them into his writing with much advantage to himself. And just here I would earnestly advise those who take up the study of the Pernin shorthand, to adhere closely to the text-books and not to patch it up with crude devices of their own, originating in their inexperience, or to borrow contrivances from other meth- ods foreign to it in construction. Use this system in its purity and you will be successful stenographers ; select some other sys- tem if you prefer, biit at any rate be. a follower of one system or the other, not a mixture of both and a success in neither, at the same time calling yourself a Pernin stenographer, as has some- times been done. The present work has been prepared for the press under the most trying circumstances, owing to the author's ill health. Pub Ushers of shorthand books know that it requires, under the most favorable conditions, the utmost care and vigilance, to prevent mistakes ; so, if a few errata are found herein, it is hoped they will be kindly excused on the above ground. To the public, who so generously showed their appreciation of my former work, and to my friends and former students in the shorthand profession, this book is respectfully dedicated by THE AUTHOR. DETROIT, MICH., September, 1886. rNTEODUOTIOK. Phonography is derived from two Greek words, and signifies the art of writing by sound. Though this accomplishment has attained its present excellence only of late years, the idea of obvi- ating the inconvenience of cumbrous long-hand writing is a very old one. The origin of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, a system of figures and symbols, is lost in the mists of antiquity. The ancient Hebrews used a system of contractions ; the Greeks adopted a like method, and the Eomans followed their example. Short- hand writing is said to have been practiced 3,000 years ago. The celebrated Tiro, born a slave on the estate of Cicero, 1C3 B. C., acted in the capacity of stenographer and secretary to the great orator, and invented a set of characters which have come down to us, and by means of which much of his patron's eloquence has been recorded. Tiro's system was further developed after his death, and many of these ' ' note- written " manuscripts were exam- ined in the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. They possess many curious and interesting features to lovers of shorthand lore. The laborious students of the Middle Ages employed this useful art in various ways. Its obvious advantages were always held in high esteem, and at no period of authentic history do we find its exist- ence entirely ignored. Modern English shorthand may be said to date from a treatise of arbitrary signs for words, published by Dr. Brighte during the time of Queen Elizabeth, in the year 1588. He was in turn fol- lowed, during the next two hundred years, by Willis, Mason, Rich, Taylor, Gurney, Byron, Mayors, Lewis, and in 1837 by Isaac Pitman, from whose "works are adapted the Benn Pitman, Graham, Munson, Longley, Burns, Marsh, and other systems at present in use in this country. In the year 1847, Phonography was introduced into the United O PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. States, nearly forty years ago ; but it is only within the past five or six years that the art has made such rapid strides. The Duployan, or Standard French Phonography, was first published about the year 1867, and on account of its great sim- plicity and legibility, has practically revolutionized the art of shorthand wherever the French language is spoken. It numbers more adherents in Europe than any other method, and has been translated into the Spanish, Italian, German, Russian, Arabian and other languages. The French people, since the introduc- tion of the Duployan phonography, have become a nation of short- hand writers, but the art is not so generally applied to practical purposes as with us. The system was brought to this country by Prof. Pernin, in 1877, and two small editions of the English adaptation were subsequently published, but no effort was made to introduce it up to 1882, when a third edition, varying widely from the original, was issued, retaining, however, the leading points of superiority which has made this system so justly famous. The great aim held in view by the author is SIMPLICITY to keep the mind free from embarrassment by employing the smallest number of characters and contractions consistent wilh legibility and rapidity, and dividing the work equally between the head and the hand. What are termed shading and change of position in other methods are entirely dispensed with in this system. By shading is meant the thickening of cognate signs to distinguish one from the other, instead of making them of different lengths, as in this method. Leading stenographers admit that this alone detracts at least 25 per cent, from rapidity; besides, in rapid writ- ing it is impossible to shade accurately, and consequently great illegibility is the result. This is done in the Pitman method and the various modifications of it, which also employ three positions, the signification varying as the. word is formed upon the line, above it or beneath it. The consonants of words only are combined, the vowels, when used, which is very rarely, being indicated by dots and dashes placed in certain positions outeide the word, necessitating in both cases a constant shifting of the 9 t PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 9 i \ hand in writing which hinders speed, while the omission of the ' | vowels greatly impairs the legibility of the writing. Again, the i [ body of the contractions in all systems but the Peruin are arbi- j f trary, requiring a constant effort of the memory to keep them in \ i practice. One system the Graham has a dictionary of 60,000 word- i I signs, to be committed to memory, besides the great variety of J \ other arbitrary contractions upon which the method is based, The Cross shorthand employs characters to represent letters \ | instead of sounds as in phonography, and uses seven positions in i 5 writing. It also shades the following letter to indicate r, which, ! \ as r is the most frequently recurring consonant, causes a general t shading of the writing. Lindsley's Tachigraphy is also a shaded | j system, differing somewhat from the Pitman method, on which it I j is based. It has a partial connective vowel scale, but the vowels \ B I occasion so many angles in combining with the consonants that { t although there is a gain in legibility over the Pitman, there is a i j decrease in speed. The Pernin shorthand possesses none of these J [ disadvantages. No shading whatever is employed ; the vowels J 2 i are represented by small circles and half circles, written in the , t body of the word in the natural order in which they occur, their i { formation enabling them to be quickly united with the consonants J j while causing few angles. Nothing can be more simple or more j legible than the principal manner of contracting in the reporting \ style, by which the leading part of the word is written and the i < first sign of the next word placed in proximity to indicate the 4 J balance. A few of the most familiar and frequently recurring \ i words only are formed into word-signs, and these are so full and so ? j suggestive that they can scarcely be termed arbitrary. The writ- i { ing is entirely lineal in the simple style, and almost entirely so j in the reporting, this alone adding greatly to speed of writing, ' \ as the use of position requiring the constant raising or dropping i j of the pen or pencil is in itself a serious drawback to rapid i j execution. It must not be understood here that the simple and j j reporting styles are two distinct forms of writing. What is called { "i tne reporting style is only a continuation of the first five lessons, t ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^4 ~ ~ y 10 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. * termed, for convenience, the simple style, and which is the basis f of the system . These advantages give to the Pernin Phonography a superiority j over all other methods of shorthand ; and the fact that it can be \ learned and used practically in less lime than it usually lakes to t acquire the principles of other methods, is working a revolution t in the study of the art. As is well said by the President of one \ of our leading Business Colleges: "We teach the Pernin short- \ hand in our college because our students learn it in one-fourth of i the time they would be obliged to devote to the study of other j methods to accomplish a like result. We know this from our j experience in teaching other systems." \ PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 11 PHONETIC OR SOUND SPELLING. This is the natural mode of spelling, and can be readily used by a little child unable to spell by letter, but, to the self-taught student of phonography, it usually proves a stumbling-block. It is one, however, that is easily overcome by the help of a little instruc- tion. The English language is not phonetic. Jt con- tains a great many silent and doubled letters, and a system of shorthand claiming to represent them would be too long for practical use. Phonography dispenses with these useless letters by recording the sounds of words only. Phonetic spelling is simply resolving a word into its elements, and is accomplished by pronouncing the word slowly. This should be done aloud, and as each sound is emitted, the student should trace a corres- ponding shorthand character on his writing pad. The word fieau, which occurs in Lesson First, has four letters, but when uttered it will be found to have but two sounds, 5 o, and these are represented in short- hand by the characters 5 and o. Thought has seven letters and but three sounds, th^ an, t, and is written by the three corresponding signs in shorthand. O*~mm^^w*^mmmw*.^^^^^^^^^wmvvwww~*^w*w^vvv*wVM^M. 12 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. Ought has but two sounds, aw, t; laugh but three sounds, I, ah, f, etc., etc. In the ordinary mode of spelling, the same letter is frequently used to represent very dissimilar sounds. Not so with phonography, which gives a distinct representation for each separate sound. When the difference between two sounds is very slight, how- ever, one sign may be used for both. For example, in works treating on orthography, a represents six sounds. In this system of phonography but three signs are used to represent it, as the introduction of a greater num- ber into the shorthand alphabet would only serve to confuse the student and hinder his progress. The object to be attained is the rapid recording of speech, and slight differences may be disregarded ; thus, the sounds of a in fate and fair are not exactly alike, yet the latter word is easily recognized when written with ,the approximate vowel sound a. In practice you should endeavor to forget the ordi- dary spelling of the words, and think only of the sounds of which they are composed. Remember always to write what you hear and not what you see. The plan of pronouncing each word aloud, slowly, and tracing a corresponding shorthand character for each sound, is the quickest and best means of learning to spell phonetically. In this way the mind and hand are trained to work simultaneously. The ear catches the sound ; the hand at the same time gives it form, j and the eye recognizes the impression received by the j PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 13 ear and expressed by the hand. The first five lessons of the present work contain what is usually termed the simple style, and are arranged with complete pho- netic analyses for the assistance of the learner. With the help of these, and the suggestions herewith given, the dullest mind cannot fail of easily comprehending the mode of spelling and writing by sound. HINTS TO LEARNERS. On beginning the study of phonography, the stu- dent, after first possessing himself of the necessary text-books, must next provide himself with the tools for working, viz., the proper kind of paper and pen- cil. Reporters' pads, consisting of unglazed paper with wide spaces between lines, and a slender No. 3 lead pencil with rubber tip, are the best materials for practice. A list of phonographic requirements for the use of students will be found appended to the present work. Pen and ink should not be used in learning, as they are not so convenient as pencils ; besides, in the Pernin system, where no shading is employed, no necessity exists for their use. Stenographers, as a rule, hold the pencil between the first and second fingers, keeping it in place with the thumb; this need not be considered an arbitrary 14 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. i position, however, the convenience of the writer being consulted in that respect. The hand should be 5 held in a position more nearly upright than when j writing longhand, in order that the vertical signs j may be correctly formed. Trace the signs accurately, slowly, and with the j same degree of precision that you would exercise in 5 drawing. Do not try to write rapidly in the first \ lessons, or until you can make your signs readily j and of proper size and form. Rapidity will come by practice and repetition, but if a careless habit of \ making the characters is formed at the beginning, j it will hinder your progress all through the study. j Accuracy is the first essential, as the correct render- J ing of your notes depends entirely upon it. It is \ worse than useless to spend time in attempting to J write shorthand rapidly, if through carelessness in ! tracing the signs, you are unable to translate your j notes readily. " Make haste slowly " is a good motto ! for beginners in shorthand. With this idea firmly { fixed in your mind, and in accordance with the j instruction given herein, you will now take up the | J firsb lesson in phonography, which, as you will notice, \ contains only a portion of the signs. The alphabet is divided into five graded lessons, i thus rendering the acquisition of the art so easy that J the learner finds the work a real pleasure from the j beginning. By thoroughly fixing in the mind the signs of one PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY 15 i I lesson and their combination in words before taking up another, you will find at the end of the fifth lesson that you have thoroughly mastered the- funda- mental principles with a few hours, or a few days, study, according to your mental aptitude. After the alphabet is learned in this way, continue to practice upon it at least thirty minutes each day during the entire term of study. This is one of the best means of gaining speed. The more quickly you can write shorthand characters separately, the more quickly can words containing these characters be written.^* Instead of going over the entire alphabet at once, write each character contained in it as many times as you can in one minute, and continue this for thirty minutes. /You will find your speed perceptibly increased in a short time by this practice. Exercises should be first written, then carefully reviewed, and the errors corrected ; after that they should be rewrit- ten several times until each word can be formed with- out hesitation. Head over each exercise from your own notes until the characters become familiar and are easily deciphered. The writing of each day should be carefully reviewed and read on the fol- lowing one, and again some days later. The learner will thus acquire a ready familiarity with his notes obtained in no other way, and will be able in subse- quent lessons to avoid errors made in preceding ones. Knowing the difficulty that self-taught students usu- ally encounter in learning to write phonetically, ths 16 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. j lessons have been arranged with a view of overcoming this obstacle, and in the instruction for each lesson the \ mode of doing this is so fully explained that any one j can easily understand it. The entire principles of the Pernin Shorthand are j given in ten graded lessons, which are subdivided for more easy acquisition and to enable the learner to j become thoroughly grounded in one principle before passing to the next. It is the desire of the author that { Permn writers should attain a high degree of rapidity, and to do this, it is very important that a thorough acquirement of the principles of the system be had before speed practice begins.j When the mind hesitates \ to recall a sign, a contraction, or a phrase, the fingers j halt, and time is lost that would have been gained for speed had each principle been on the finger tips, so to \ speak. To this end, study, read, write, and review \ again and again, until shorthand, like longhand writ- j ing, becomes largely a mechanical process. Instruc- tion in the best and quickest mode of obtaining speed, $ when this is accomplished, will be found in this text- j book following the completion of the principles, also $ in the pages of the "Pernin Shorthand Journal." By j following the foregoing advice, the aspirant to phono- j graphic honors may justly hope for the highest success. i I , I PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 17 PERM'S PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET. CONSONANT SIGNS. p | as in j?ay. b as in Jay. k / as in &ey. tli -^- as in th&t. s \^ as in see. z v_v as in Zee. g / -as in go. t - - as in to. sli /~~N as in *Ae. zh /^~^\ as in azure. d as in do. f \ as in f&t. j /"^ as in ^'oke. ch '""^ as in cAoke. v \ as in -yat. in Q as in may. r (up) / as in row. 1 " / as in low. li . as in Aat. . n ^) as in way. ng, ing J as in s^'w^. VOWEL SIGNS AND DIPHTHONGS. ah o as in ah. e u as in eat. aw o as in aught. o as in oak. e r\ as in y(up)asm < um J . * ' ( umpi** \ ] 18 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. COMBINED CONSONANTS, st, sd V* (down) as in last s\_ fast V sir X_ " as in stream. ^S faster? sp J " as in lisp /J speak *aMiaMMinMMMnWmiBMHWWKMMMMHM PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. " 21 Vowel sounds united with p 1, b , k/ >g/ in words. pa p ah pap p ah p bag b ah g cap k ah p ^ r/, 1 /, h ., th-^ Tund d are horizontal", traced from left to right. .Fand v are obliques traced downward from, left to right. H, an aspirate sound, is represented by a dot, but when h occurs in the middle of a word, the dot is omitted. Th is represented by the 2 sign with the h dot above it When final r follows s or another r, it is made with a backward movement to insure greater legibility. As r is one of the roost frequently occurring consonants, great brevity may be secured by omitting it generally after circle vowels, the omission beini? shown by reversing the position the vowel would naturally occupy. (See page 25.) The r sign must be supplied, however, between two circle vowels, and occasionally at other times, wherever uncertainty might result from its omission. When I follows r t a slight tick separates the two signs. Trace the circle vowels below the horizontals t, d, (h, at the begin- S ning of words, and above at the eudiug of words, as in odd, dough. Trace them imide of curved signs on beginning and ending words, as in a ah, so. Trace them to the right of up strokes I, r, on beginning words, , and to the left on ending as in all. row. Trace them to the left of f. v, on beginning words, and to the left on ending, as in of,- foe. (For illustrations of above rules, see page 25.) The position of the circle vowels in the middle of words dt-pends on the sign preceding or following, and is governed by convenience in avoiding angles and awkward joinings. Angles are a detriment to speed, and I may be largely avoided by the variable positions allowed these I circle vowels. When an intermediate sound occurs, having no distinct repre- sentation of its own, the sign which approximates the most closely to it is employed; thus, uh is used for oo in foot, and for u in put; oo is used for u in rude. See article on "Phonetic Spelling," page 12 The article a is represented by the all sign; the by the t sign; and, an by the an sign. Proper names are underscored. The period mark is indicated by an oblique cross X. (For other punc- tuation marks, see page 140 ) Position not being employed in the Pernin phonography, ruled lines are not a necessity. The learner, however, will find them useful in enabling him to write the characters in better proportion. To observe lineality, initial horizontals and up strokes should begin on line, initial curves and down strokes should rest on line, the remainder of the word assuming the position it would natu- rally fol'ow. v Initial vowels and combinations are joined to stems so as to'retain above positions. When the vowels and com- binations are written alone they rest on line. 24 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. LESSON II. t as in tall taught tow too t aw 1 t aw t to t oo ./;..*_... -_o r d as in odd dough do due aw d do d oo d u f \ as in fat fall fool fur f ah t f a w 1 f oo 1 f uli r ^- Y as in vat of view cover v ah t aw v v u k uh v r V \ \ r (up) / as in are rob cur your ah r r aw b k uh r u r < f < . * 1 (up) X as in lad load lure love lahd lod lur luhv h . th j. as in hat that though who h ah t th ah t th 6 h oo / r PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE II. V ' r ~ n ^f \y 6 < - V x J- >- V v-y>^ / X- 0( X o ^ V > J. 25 | " / 7 - P- v - , 21 c/ 7 I 26 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE II. lap rap talk cloak fla) 1 ah p r ah p t aw k klok f 1 ah t taught fort hold ought gull t aw t fort hold aw t guh 1 dull over rover furl **, duhl o v r r 6 v r f uh r 1 k aw 1 fault cough laugh flag curl f aw It k aw f lahf f 1 ah g k uh r 1 cureN Robert poor four door k u r r aw b r t p oo r for dor . rowed tore caught grow wall rod tor k aw t gro w aw 1 waft boat water wore bald w ah f t b o t w aw t r w 6 r b aw 1 d burr cove bureau upper rubber b uh r k o v b u r 6 uh p r r uh 1) r \ bad tube gold daughter bought \ b ah d t u b gold d aw t r b aw t Hold the fort. Furl the flag. Robert rowed the boat. The cove of Cork. The doctor cured Clara of a bad cough. The old black cat caught a fat rat. Robert broke the oar of the boat. A lode of pure gold ore. Draw a barrel of cold water. Go to the hall at four o'clock. A lad rode to the fort. Load the car with coal. The daughter of the orator wrote a book. The brook flowed over the rock. Paul taught the parrot to talk. Papa bought a rubber coat for Walter. Ruth, go to the lot. r PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. n 27 INSTRUCTION cl Cl ' ^ ^5 ^Oj 1 FOR LESSON III. D , I / , ow G 5 oi - The present lesson consists of five additional vowel signs and the diphthongs oi, ow. a e e i, are formed of small half circles traced in different directions. d is always written with a motion to the left Initial & is traced to the right of stems p, b, k, g, f, v, I, r, s, sh, ch, m, n, ng ; and written above the horizontals t, th, d, opening to the Tight. Final a is traced to the left of stems p, b, k, g, f, v, I, r, s, sh, ch, m, n, ng, w; and above the horizontals t, th, d, opening to the left. (For illustration, see page 28.) In the middle of words a is traced in the most convenient manner to avoid angles, the motion to the left being always observed. Short Y is traced downward, the opening facing the left. This being an unaccented vowel sign, it may fre- quently be omitted when the sound is not essential to the correct rendering of the word, e S are traced horizontally from left to right in reverse positions, e opening upwards and e downwards. When the syllable in which e occurs is not accented, the sign is sometimes omitted in order to avoid angles, e being an unac- cented vowel is also frequently omitted, and usually so before final I, r, or, if represented before these characters, only half the sign or a tick is used. The long I sign is written almost like the printed character of the same name, except that it is formed by a single stroke of the pen. This sign is always traced down from right to left, except where it precedes or follows k. g, when it is written from left to right. An exception is here made when it comes between I, r and k, g. At such times it takes its natural position, as it is then quite legible and more quickly written. Long i and r are of equal length, but traced in opposite direc- tions. L should be made twice as long as r, and of equal length with k, p, etc. The diphthong ow follows the same rule in its junction with the consonants as do the vowel circles ah, aw, d; oi should be reversed whenever an angle may be avoided by so doing. Y, as a vowel, is represented by the long or short i, according to the sound. When y final has the sound of short i, and is pre- ceded by a down stroke, it takes the same form as e to avoid angles. In monosyllables or accented syllables y has the long sound of I; in unaccented syllables the short sound, thus: cry, kri; try, tri; tying, tiing; lady, ladl; duty, dutt. As a consonant, y is represented by the long e, which gives an approx- imate sound, thus: yes, e&s; yield, eeld; yet, e e t; yard, eahrd; yacht, e aw t. 9 \ 28 r PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE III. ^ V- 7 ^ ' (^ X h L U / v PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. ~V 29 On the vowels WRITING EXERCISE III d, e, e, I, I, and the Diphthongs oi, ow. LONG A. ape a p ache ague a k a g u. ave a v ale al air a r away ah w gay cape paper a g a k a p p a p r pay p a bay b a eight a t aid a d fade fad fate fat late lat rate rat date d a t tail t al tare dare pear fair tar d a r par far rail r a 1 freight gave f r a t g a v rave r a v trade trad dale dal faith f ath hate hat lay la lair 1 a r gale gal lave lav laid lad grave g r a v pray p r a babe b a b rare r a r cake k ft k take t ak bear bar bare bar Dave d a v ray r a opaque 6 p a k rake rak flake flak- grate gra t lake crape cradle lak krapkradl plague plag LONG E. eat et lead led feed fed feet f e t peep pep feel f el beat bet >^~~~, 30 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE III Continued. -? A oi,o 0-- k L V. s--L V d- SENTENCES. eJ f T I I PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 31 beet b et thief leaf leave tree league th e f 1 e f lev t r e leg Peter p e t r treat tret free glee deep reap reel f r e g 1 e d e p rep rei teeth t e th bead bed bleak tear fear veer leer blek t e r f e r v e r 1 e r gear ge r peer per rear peak keep fee tea r e r p e k k e p f e t e beak b ek keel kel leap leak heat heed hear 1 e p 1 e k h e t lied her lea 1 e heath h e th heal greet reef we weep h e 1 g r e t r e f we w e p pea pe grieve gr e \ deal feel veal eel r del f e 1 v e 1 el SHORT E. .ed 1 e d fed pet bet theft fed pet bet theft left left bereft be r e ebb echo leg fret ft e b e k 6 leg fret d depth e p th rep rep bed terror ferret peck bed terr f e r e t pek tell t e 1 wreck r e k egg wept fled fleck eg wept fled flek her her let 1 e t letter dealt felt pelt Ella letr delt felt pelt el ah were w e r M M ^w* o j 32 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. SENTENCES. f o- /". 7 T -f \- A 7 ~ -f V v. - J? 2 XV. SENTENCES. \ 2 (f *) 452284 m PERNIN'S -J UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE IV. show she sing leisure Treasure sh o she sng 1 e zh r p 1 e zh r sword make might moan mind s 6 r d m a k m 1 1 m o ii mind miser milk midget middle dime m I z r milk m i j e t m i d 1 dim mellow mean meat mate madam m e 1 o men met mat m ah d m may size pitcher nose moss m a S 1 Z p i ch r n o z m aw s measure sadly oppose match watch m e zh r s ah d 1 i aw p o s m ah ch w aw cli catch sweep sweet sweat swash k all ch s oo e p s oo e t s oo e t s oo aw sh assuage wax share shield reach ah s oo a j w ah ks sh a r sh e 1 d r e cli leach long lurch leash teaches 1 e ch 1 aw ng 1 uh r ch 1 e sh t e ch s six cheap knave mail knell knoll s i ks KMMMMM. ch e p n a v m a 1 n e 1 n o I ~~J PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 39 SENTENCES. The king sang a song. He who has no business is not happy. After life's fitful fever he sleeps well. Health gives zest to every pleasure. He bore his heart as high as his head. The shades of night were falling fast. Never be cast down by trifles. Make haste slowly. . Years do not make sages. Be just and fear nothing. Mourn not for the past it returns no more. Yesterday is as to-morrow in the forever. You may yet yearn to yield up your yacht. The zeal of the zealot was the cause of her taking a zig-zag course. Vainly they sought to assuage his sorrow. The idle knave knew that the knell was heard at the knotty knoll. Let the dead past bury its dead. 'Tis late before the brave despair. He that dies pays all debts, v The place of charity, like that of God, is everywhere. They talk best who have the least to say. Sorrows are our best teachers. Display no false colors. Look at those you are talking to ; never at those you are talking of. The owl makes a loud noise in the woods at night. This and subsequent Writing Exercises contain additional matter to that given in Reading Exercises, in order to test the student's knowledge of each lesson. The balance of the Writing Exercises may be corrected by the teacher, or by mail, if lessons are taken in that way. When rr or ft follow each other in the the body of a word, they are separated by a slight tick. Wherever combined consonants occur in words, they are written as given in List of Combined Consonants on page 18. i 40 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. LESSON V. Instruction on the Use of the Combination, Signs. AN, EN IN, ON UN, AM, EM IM, OM UM. ^ r ^ J These combinations are employed whenever n and m are preceded by the short vowels a, e, i, o, u, but not when preceded by the long vowels a, e, i, o, u. In the latter case the two signs are written separately. \ \ . x^ For instance, fane is written A, ian >, ram J, ! i _. \ \ - C ran 4, pa^n w, pan J, vain \, van \, aim. \^, am f , lame *f , \arnb ^f, same (% Sam v /, etc. AN y is a quarter of a small circle traced down from right to left, the opening facing the left, as in pan, p an J , sandal, & an d I ^^4__/ , pander, p an d r J / EN IN V is a quarter of a small circle traced down from left to right, the opening facing the right, as pen, p en I , lend, 1 en d / , open, o p en \ ON UN r is a quarter of a small circle traced up from left to right, opening to the right, thus : upon, u p on ^, fondle, f on d 1 V d un j, sun, s un ^ /", fun, f un v v PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 41 | \ AM f ; EM IM ^ , OM UM _y , are written in reverse i \ positions to those of an _/, en, in ^ on, un /, thus*. ] ample, am p 1 [/ , Emma, em ah "^ , humble, urn, b 1 Y The combinations should be about one-half the length of the short signs jp, k, etc. As in the majority of words ending in on, the last combination is pronounced un, it is not necessary to make a distinction between these two combinations. The distinction between en in, em im, om um, is so slight, that the one sign for each pair is sufficient. . The nasal ng is not separated to form a combination of the n with any short vowel which may precede it, except in the case of short u (uK), when, for the sake of brevity it * \ . V si may be done. Thus: hang, h ah ng J, sing, sing j sung, sung ^ 7, young, eungy, tongue, t un g / Where double consonants occur, but one of them is written ; as, mammon, m am on ; tanner, t an r, etc. 42 PERXIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 7 OK READING EXERCISE V. L V V" PERXTN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 43 WRITING EXERCISE V. AN, as in : Lan,d, sand, fan, fancy, Fanny, fantasy, fanatic, can, maw, candy, pander, gander, pan, pansy, lance, Roman, ran, errand, dance, tan, tanned, tanner, stand, van, vanity, began, pc.>an, chance, chancery, jangle, than, foreman, banter. EN IN, as in : Lend, send, fence, men, fen, pen, pencil, open, repent, again, against, relent, scent, defend, revenge, even, silent, tenant, mend, then, enter, hinder, attend, happen, thinks, tinkle, intend, incline, intone, sin, since, intense, tender, dinner, vintage, finish, gin, gentle, gender, tin, tinner, when, enslave, into. ON UN, as in : Gone, done, son, fun, funny, selection, phonetic, upon, Swnday, Monday, bundle, fund, funnel, none, London, bond, million, nation, notion, coronets, once, under, understand, onset, enable, unmanly, untie, -wnbought, wnctuous, un&t, enfold, unhappy, ur-tc } Mormon, hunt, hwnter, swng, hung, flung, young, rung, tongue. AM, as in : Am, Sam, ramble, trample, lamb, sample, tamper, vampire, famish, lamp, clamp, champion, chamois, mammon, mammoth, pamphlet, ample, camel, ham- per, shamble, stamp, stammer, jam, camp, Hamlet, preamble, amputate, pamper, ambition, ambulance. 44 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE V Continued. -7 V 7 V // d?M /- f/ ^ M> Hr V L tft -7 > V T / - V ' I/ / U - 9 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 45 WRITING EXERCISE V Continued. EM IM, as in : Emblem, ember, embers, embody, eminent, empire, resemble, pimple, sample, dimple, gimlet, nimble, whimper, simper, limbo, thimble, brim, grimly, trim, limb, rim, stem, symbol, poem, tempest, him, them, timid, dim, glimmer, grim, Emmet. OM UM, as in : Pomp, Pompey, bomb, gum, dumb, some, come, rum, rumble, fwmble, tlmm, drum, welcome, income, sum, chum, Tom, atom, plum, column, humble, lumber, 1mm, plwmmer, pwmmel, handsome, mumps, summer, clumsy, comfort, numb, stwmp, stwmble, jwmble, grwm, grwmble, company, comet, compete. MISCELLANEOUS. Anna, manna, band, banish, banjo, anchor, angle, antler, grant, prance, branch, alliance, trance, annex, essence, innocence, linger, attend, urgent, inner, entrance, entrap, entreat, invite, engrave, pensive, infuse, instant, any, penny, many, menace, pin, pinch, standard, banana, pink, onion, ponder, bondage, ebony, deacon, lesson, pension, tension, action, pinion, money, astonish, undone, dunce, unbend, unclasp, enamel, gamble, damper, encamp, scamper, impish, impart, import, impress, impulse, impute, embellish, emanate, empty, empanel, employ, impudent, embrace, tremble, timber, hymn, omnibus, umber, umbrella, umpire, plump, pump, crumble, tumble, number. 46 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. ALPHABETIC WORD SIGNS. at o do (would, phrased) all fore, for, full \ out, how very \ owing less (wi.l, phrased) / who f railway and sign of repe- of v. tition / you f so, such ^_y we /? soon, some v, / is D should, sure /^~~~\ his -3 which, just s~T^ one /* when v. went ^ judge, church /T> much, more, meant C in s ^* no, know, not "") on / s only / knowing, known J put | S be, but yet, yes ^ I answer ^ could, quite / question / good, go (ago, phrased) / agent c the, to (it, phrased) - error <"> The short forms of writiug simple words of frequent occurrence, as given above, may be used in note taking. These signs are not aroitrary, the characters representing the most important sound in t/hs word. Some of the simplest words may also be joined with advantage, such as: in-ihe \_ ,for-the v_, of-the \ , to-tfie ^- , on-tlie *L, to-do -, , etc., etc. When ded or ted occur, 6 may be omitted and a double d or id written, as in succeeded in Reading Exercise VII, p. 49. PERN ix 's UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE VI. / ^^ J * 7j \ o L i r 3 ) <; ^ ^ Q - \y - I - g O 48 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE VI. On the Use of Combinations and Alphabetic Word Signs. Westward the course of empire takes its way. We understand death for the first time when he puts his liand on one that we love. No man can safely speak but he who loves silence. No man can safely com- mand but he who has learned to obey. Passions are ' likened best to floods and streams ; the shallow mur- | mur, but the deep are dumb. Kind hearts are more i than coronets, and simple faith than Norman blood. We lose the peace of years when we hunt after the \ rapture of moments. The three highest titles that can \ be given to man are those of martyr, hero, saint. | How far that little candle throws its beam ; so shines j a good deed in a naughty world. Blessed are the < poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be com- 5 " J forted. Seest thou a man diligent in his business, he ! shall stand before kings ; he shall not stand before $ mean men. It is no honor or profit merely to appear j in the arena ; the wreath is for those who contend. | There are three kinds of people in the world, the Wills, the Wonts, and the Cants. The first accom- { plish everything ; the second oppose everything ; the ! third fail in everything. \ Nothing fails of its end. Out of sight sinks the stone \ In the deep sea of time ; but the circles sweep on, "Till the low rippled murmurs along the shores run, And the dark and dead waters leap glad in the sun. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 49 READING EXERCISE VII. I I V> v ^ JT^, / G ? -/> v . * See p. 66. t See p. 63. r i 50 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE Til. THE Fox AND THE CROW. A Crow, having stolen a piece of flesh, perched in a tree and held it in her beak. A Fox seeing her, desired to possess himself of the flesh, and by a wily stratagem succeeded. " How handsome is the Crow," he exclaimed, " in the beauty of her shape, and in the fairness of her complexion. O, if her voice were only equal to her beauty, she would justly be called the Queen of Birds ! " This he said artfully ; but the Crow, anxious to refute the reflection cast upon her voice, set up a loud caw, and dropped the flesh. The Fox quickly picked it up, and thus addressed the Crow : " My good Crow, your voice is well enough, but your wit is wanting." THE BRAZIER AND HIS Doa A brazier had a little dog, which was a great favor- ite with his master, and his constant companion. While he hammered away at his metals the dog slept ; but when, on the other hand, he went to dinner, and began to eat, the dog woke up and wagged his tail, as if he would ask for a share of his meal. His master one day, pretending to be angry, said : " You wretched little sluggard! what shall I do to you? While I am hammering on the anvil, you sleep on the mat ; and when I begin to eat after my toil, you wake up and wag your tail for food. Do you not know that labor is the source of every blessing, and that none but those who work are entitled to eat ?" PERNIN 's UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 51 APPENDIX TO PART I. This completes the Simple or Literary Style, which may be used by clergymen, authors, physicians, lawyers, and, in fact, by all who- desire to save time in taking notes, and who do not care to spend the time necessary to complete the art for verbatim reporting. No special study is required. A knowledge of a Phonographic Alphabet composed of the simplest known forms and representing the sounds of words by these signs the vowels and consonants following each other in the natural order in which they occur, and being inserted without raising the pen, as in longhand is all that is necessary. This gives us a form of writing as legible as ordinary print, while in simplicity of acquirement and brevity of outline, it far surpasses it. Rapid long- hand writers, after years of daily practice, do not exceed 30 words per minute, the average speed being 20 words. A week's practice, and even less in some cases, as may be seen by our circulars, will enable the student to attain that speed in the Pernin shorthand. As the Simple Style of this shorthand is fully three times as brief as longhand, its great advantage as a time and labor saver is therefore obvious, and will amply repay the learner for the few hours expended upon its study. PHONOGRAPHY SHOULD BE MADE A SCHOOL STUDY, Before the introduction of the Pernin shorthand this could not be done, as all other methods, on account of shading, position, memorizing of so many arbitrary contractions, etc., are entirely too difficult for the com- prehension of children. On the contrary, tke Pernin. 52 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. shorthand is so simple and easy of acquisition, that the manner of writing presented in Part I. may be learned by a child of seven. A little boy in this city, ten years old, mastered the Reporting Style and wrote nearly one hundred words per minute, in less than a year, on days he could not attend school on account of unpleasant weather. The simple style could be made of use in various ways in the early days of school life ; in taking notes, writing compositions, etc. ; and as the child advanced in years and knowledge, the reporting method could be gradually introduced, so that by the time he left school or entered college, he would be in possession of an art fitting him either for earning an excellent livelihood, which the ordinary branches taught in schools do not do, or enabling him to take down, word for word, the lectures of his professors in college, and preserving them for future use when recollection has failed. The art is an immense aid to business in all departments. Every well-equipped business office has now its stenographer and type-writer, and no young man or young woman for it is a branch particularly suited to the quick ear and nimble fingers of the latter, and thousands of women are using it practically all over the country need lack for remunerative employment who is thoroughly proficient in its use. In fine, its advantages as an aid to advancement in business, or as an educator, cannot be over-estimated. In this con- nection, a few quotations from eminent educators on tL subject of "Phonography in Schools" may be of interest : Jolsn Howard Tice^ Superintendent of the St Louis public schools, says: "An education that does not PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 53 i ( j embrace a knowledge of Phonography must be jr regarded as incomplete and short of the wants of the age, and I would therefore recommend its early intro- l duction into the schools as one of the regular branches \ of study." Jno. S. Hart, Principal of the Philadelphia High School, writes : " Former pupils of this school not yet turned of 20 are making more money by phonographic reporting than the principal of the high school, after having given twenty years to his profession." Prof. T. C. Bittle, formerly President of Roanoke College, Salem, W. Ya., says : " Since comparing the Pernin shorthand with other systems most in use, and practicing it myself in order to teach it to others, I have become thoroughly convinced of its superiority in regard to rapidity of acquisition, phonetic accuracy and legibility, when used for reporting. I have always freely expressed the wish that this method might be generally studied." Prof. Agassiz said that phonography had enabled him to do more in one year than he could have done in three without it. As is well known, Charles Dickens used phonography as a means of earning a livelihood until he secured fame and fortune as a writer. Did space permit, innumerable instances might be cited where phonography has proved a step- ping stone to reputation and wealth. Dennis Murphy, the able reporter of the U. S. Senate, learned short- hand when a poor boy, and now earns $25,000 a year through its use, being paid the highest govern- ment salary next to the President. All may not do as well, but to all it offers a sure means of independ- ence. Putting this consideration aside, it is besides a most valuable accomplishment, and its great practical utility should recommend its general adoption into all institutions of learning as a regular study. 1' PART II. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIOX OF THE RETORT- f LTSTG STYLE. \ INSTRUCTION FOR LESSON VI. The remainder of the instruction in this work is devoted to the method of brief writing, generally termed the Reporting Style, the principles of which are given in Five Lessons, the same as the Simple Style. The student will find the rules brief, explicit and few in number; he will find the examples copious, fully illustrat- ing every point, so that the whole system may be mastered with the same ease as Part I. The difficulty which arises in writing two or more successive con- sonant signs is obviated by the use of characters for combined consonants, as illustrated in the present lesson, and greater brevity secured. In using the combined consonants, the unaccented vowels e, \, vli aie frequently suppressed between them, as in supreme, spr e m, spirit spr 1 1, scourge, scr je, etc., etc In this as well as in all other cases, however, where ambiguity might result from the omission of a vowel, the student is requested to insert it, and to write each consonant separately instead of combining them. Tfi-e may be contracted before consonants and vowel signs for oo, uh and u by a slight dot in the beginning of the next word ; before other vowels and combinations, and in phrasing, medially and finally, tlie is represented by the t sign. Final s, z and es may be indicated by making a slight dot on the end of the preceding sign, except when the preceding sign is a circle or half-circle vowel; t and d may be omitted at this stage after n or en. ^--.-^^---^.--^.-.^m-----^-. '- -. --. m.im. -.. -.Q PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 55 LESSON VI. Combined Consonants. st, sd ^_ (down) as in lasr *\_ fast V \ \ \^ str v^. as in stream ^v iasterY sp J as in spr ^/ " as i n lisper // Casper J sk /"'" (up) as in ask <^" scare /^^ skr / " as in krs y as in crest / acres i I / grs ^^x as in egress / hungers s-^ I / / kw / gw / as in /7?ck <^7 anfirw^sli / v -V / l/^^ These combinations materially shorten the words in which they occur, and may be employed with advan- tage even by the note-taker who desires to go no fur- ther than the first five lessons or simple style of short- hand. The plurals sis, sds, sps, sprs, sks, skrs, krs-s, grs-s may be indi- cated in the combined consonants by a dot at the end of the sign. Occasional contracted forms are now employed in advance of instruction. Reference may be made to lessons following. 56 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE VIII. StSd Str SP Spr J V V J- J PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 57 WRITING EXERCISE VIII. Combined Consonants. ST, SD. Still, steel, stale, style, stall, store, stow, stage, staid, stew, stack, stalk, stagger, stove, taxed, relaxed, guest, encased, crossed, repast, fast, mast, list, nest, jest, fist, feast, test, post, coast, waste, last, cast, cost, best, first, thirst, aghast, burst, abreast, addressed, stab, stick, stand, staple, star, starry, starch, starve, state, statue, stay, step, staff, stump, forced, mixed, fasts, fists, vest, toast, toasts, beast, beasts, infest, jests, rust, rusts. STR. Castor, coaster, impostor, boaster, master, oyster, punster, pester, Xestor, Easter, strap, strive, stray, straight, strain, streak, stream, stratum, straw, teamster, teamsters, castors, masters, clusters, Easters, duster, dusters, boaster, boasters, jester, jesters, bluster, blusters, songster, songsters, monster, mon- sters, pastor, pastors, minister, ministers. SP. Space, spice, speech, spin, spend, span, spite, speed, spade, spoke, suppose, speak, spake, speck, spike, spider, spender, respire, respite, inspect, aspect, inspire, spout, sponge, sparkle, spell, split, spigot, spine, specter, sparrow, superior, supple, spire, sparse. SPR. Spirit, spray, spread, spry, sprite, supreme, suppress, aspirate, inspirit, jasper, jaspers, whisper, whispers, lisper, lispers, vesper, vespers, sprain, spring, sprang, spur, spurn, spree, sprig, sprout, sprawl, superb, asperse, spruce. 58 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE Vlll. Continued. O j\ 1 J ^ V X v c ^ ^ - v X" * See p. 69. 6 ~~~ PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 61 Sentences on the use of St, /Sd, Str, Sp, Spr, Sk, Skr, I&S, Grs, Jw, Gw. Theopliilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb. Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, with barest wrists and stoutest boasts, he thrusts his fists against the posts, and still insists he sees the ghosts. The trusty taskmaster wielded the supple sickle with much skill and great strength. The sturdy squire sternly spurned the base impostor. The scrawny scrib- bler, at the direst risk of life and limb, sprang quickly to the rescue of the stately scholar from Alaska. The skillful schemer being outwitted at last speedily for- sook the town and went in quest of fresher fields, where he would be unknown. The steed sprang over the stream and struck into a shady path. The skipper scanned the lowering sky with anxious glance. The Speaker of the House won the esteem and respect of all by his quiet dignity. By the use of simple means, the doctor quickly cured the puny infant. The stranger quietly quaffed a glass of sparkling water and left the place. The poor man's fingers stiffen as he lingers in the cold air. On his way to the mill with a grist, the teamster suddenly came upon an immense grizzly bear. The spry young sprig of the law, with many a quib and much bluster, vainly strove to vanquish his ianguk 1 opponent. The sparkling beauty of a winter landscape, as seen beneath the splendor of the starry sky, inspired the songster to inscribe an ode to the West/ 62 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. LESSON VII. LIST OF FAMILIAR WORD-SIGNS, after \_ amount 6- afterwards \__ ( because I about 1 above 1 q ability 1 * \ again, against / another <_._ 7 become became L besides 1 beyond began [ Y 7 already tf* = behind almost (^ before U always / also Q_P A backward L altogether / between among y business O book amanuensis ^ V afternoon ~^\ came J J advertise o children /-^/*~ acquaint, acquaintance 9 circumstance f~ / cover ( acknowledge Sx A.^^^^^^^^^^-.^^.^^^^^^- circular ^-^/ o PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 63 | change ^~^ gavey I give, given / \ catalogue ^/_ u \ / great / character jf gentleman /^) I certainly v^^__/* defer \ general, gentlemen /^ / < \ differ, difference \ govern, government Q \ difficult, difficulty ~*y however ^^\ \ ever \ hitherto o-^- 1 herewith < /r = - every \ j PI into v \ everyone \ impossible ~^^ everywhere >k. immediate, immediately \ eitlier ,^- knowledge ~\^ I t elsewhere ^A " V longhand s\ I equal /^ lefthand /) enough \ letter X I early r / 9 economy, economical f ^- language y \ from \, meanwhile ^^ further \ / must s. i \ forward \____ most (Q \ " - - - - - - - - 64 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. might ^ principle '^ member f reply /> /- report ^| moreover vjD reporter ^ neither ~^__ righthand ^^7 never \ \ recover / ) nevertheless \ request ^ V receive, receipt X^ x x refer ^\ number ^) , require / notwithstanding ^_ remember T newspaper possible \, shorthand /^~fry peculiar V satisfaction ^->~ prompt U^ satisfactory ^~^~~' punctual v? this, 'tis 3 purpose Lyl that - j present [/ these ^-j k ^ m ^^m.mm.m.wmm^m.mmmmmm^^m.'.-,r o PERNTN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 65 1 those ^O what together 7 whatever o\ j through ' \ X | whoever \ j throughout _J? \ J whichever x " :> '\ upon \r \ u n til / wlienever A^ unless / wherever ^\ 1 upward ^ \vheresoever //v_x\ \ i unequal y whosoever C_x\ i unto / \ s whomsoever / ^\ woman f whatsoever &A * ^ without /Q whichsoever ^^^-A j \ i was J yesterday v/> a / / 't whereas ft young / * \ The S dot may be used to make any word-sign plural, or to add S, Z ; and the D sign to indicate the past tense when formed by i adding d or ed. i \ 66 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. When words which are represented by alphabetic and familiar word-signs enter into the composition of longer words, these word- signs may be used as a part of the longer words, as forward, unequal, etc. A few examples are here appended : Forth, forthwith, verily, sooner, membership, never- v_ \- V v^> more, possibility, peculiarity, punctuality, purposely, L^ ^ k, ^V presently, principality, sameness, severally, accountant, fullness, surely, mental, unknown, uncovered, charac- > ^ c/ L. * terize, greatly, furthermore, gentlemanly, numberless, otherwise, goodness, equality, equalize, mostly, y / i, r ^/ , memory \y> , ninny g When ses, sis or sus precede p, k, the double-length sign is not employed, the final s of the syllable forming a part of the com- bined consonant sp or sk. The double-length sign is used, how- ever, before t, d. READING EXERCISE X. Double-Length Signs. / It ; I ' PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 69 WRITING EXERCISE X. Double-Length Signs. Giggled, prizes, breezes, grasses, masses, crisis, braces, gazes, deadly, vivacious, deduce, sizzle, access, losses, teases, misses, scissors, bibber, ninny, memory, mimic, judgeship, memoir, bub- ble, amazes, bib, biblical, vivify, gig, giggle, mummy, mumble, mumps, judgment, nun, nuncio, vases, seizes. REPETITIONS, WRITING OF NUMBERS, OMISSION OF DOTS, ETC. When a "word or phrase is repeated in the same sentence and sufficiently close to the first affirmation so as not to be misunder- stood in reading, the repetition may be suppressed, and the sign / substituted in place of the repeated expression, thus: "A place for everything, and everything in its place." As figures may be written rapidly, no signs are given for them. The ordinals, first, second, third, etc., may be written 1, 2, 3, etc.; and the adverbs, once, twice, thrice, 1, 2, 3. The cipher is represented by the dot, thus : 200, 2 . . ; 3000, 3 ... When large numbers are to be written however, such as tens or hundreds of thousands, millions, etc., it is better to indicate the number of thousands or millions by figures and use a correspond- ing shorthand contraction for thous., mill., etc. The dots for *, h, th and ch are generally omitted from words in the reporting style; the signs may be as easily distinguished as the undotted i in longhand, or the unspoken h. They should, how- ever, be supplied in proper names, and in other cases where legi- bility demands their use. As a complement to the Double-Length Signs may be added that of joining words together by dropping one sign when the final of the first is .a similar or cognate sound to the initial of the second. This mode of joining words together may be pursued to a large extent with great advantage, as it combines both legibility and rapidity. The following examples are but an illustration of what may be done in this way: 70 PKKNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE XL Joined Words. ^^m.~^^^^^^^^m.m.^^m.m.^m.^^^~^.-^) 76 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. TRAN, TRANS, are represented by the t sign written through the sign following; thus: translate, transitory, transform. Should t or d follow this prefix, it is passed over and the prefix written through the next convenient sign. DOUBLE PREFIXES. These prefixes are formed by joining two single prefixes together in the order in which they occur. They are also formed by add- ing any of the combinations or vowels to the prefix following. The learner will find the classification of prefixes of very great advantage for ready reference. A complete list is appended, which will save the student much trouble in compiling for him- self. By writing them over a number of times they will readily fix themselves in the mind, and can be recognized at sight. Should a hesitancy occur in joining prefixes, which practice may not overcome, it is better to write them separately in the order in which they occur, or use but one, and unite the other with the remainder of the word. Good sense and judgment must be the learner's guide on such occasions. Joining prefixes together adds much to brevity and increases rapidity if quickly done. But if this brevity and rapidity be again counterbalanced by a hesitancy of the mind or fingers in uniting them, it is better to do as suggested above. Seconds fly quickly, and "he who hesitates (in shorthand) is lost," or left far behind the speaker. Three pre- fixes should rarely be joined together. Unite the first two and write the third in the body of the word. The combinations, circle and half-circle vowels may, however, be joined to double prefixes. All prefixes should be thoroughly practiced upon before their use is attempted in words. ACCOM, ACON, ACCOUN, ACCUM, \, as in accomplish i>^s aconite \ , account \ , accumulate ,/* CONCOM \\ as in concomitant A ^__, ENCOM, ENCOUN, ENCON, INCON, INCOG S as PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 77 * in encomium \ ,, encompassed J , encumber i , incom- f ' i j9tete ' ._, incognito \ UNCON, UNCOM, /A, as in <^> unconcerned ^\ > uncommon ^ UNCOXTRO /\_ as in 'uncontrolled'' ^y UNENCUM / ^\ as in unencumber i U UNACCOUN ^ as in unaccounted /A UKPRO /-? as in /7 unprofessional . /, unprofitable, N \ RECOX, RECOM, RECOUN, RECOG, .X , as in reconcile /^^,/ > recom- mend ^/v-, recounicr /^/, recognize ~^ } COMPOR, COM- PRO, v, written directly above the sign following, as in V comport ~^L , compromise (~ DISCON, DISCOM, DISCOUN, \, jis in disconnect 1 , discommode Q , discount ~\_ I>ISMIS =, as in dismiss , dismissal j^ DISPOR, DISPRO, ~r , written above and a little to the right of the following sign, as in disport ~* , disprove ^ DISPROPOR "~ , as in dispropor- tion ~H f , t disproportional *J~~^s MISEX "A, under the next i ~\ sign, as in misexpound !>, NONCON, NONCOM ), written in the con position, as in noncommittal J noncompliance \ *-/ ^ N ~\ nonconductor \ NONSUB J as in nonsubmission ff \ r v^~y i )j \ PBOCON, PROCCM, <^ , is written directly above the next sign, < as in proconsulate as in imubmission '^ IRRECON as in irreconcilable ^/\^.> t /\ Acs \ , Aux C\, as in 'ff r&' accept o[), JOINED PREFIXES. *PER, PRE, PUR, | (joined) as in perfect, permit. L RETRA, RETRE, RETRL RETRO, / retrograde, retribution. < evermore. CIRCUM I " " circumvent, circumflex. , EVER y EVERY \ " " everywlwre, everyone. V FOR, FORE \ " " forbid, foretell. I JUST '^"N " " justice, justify. x7% OUT " " outlet, outpour. * When the p or 6 sign follows the per prefix, a slight separating mark should be made between them. ^^ m ^^^^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^---^---^-.----- -O 9 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 79 UPPER AFTER GOOD UNDER OVER (joined) as in uppermost, upperhand. I ) " ' afternoon, afterthought. / - goodness, good-deal. undergo, underhand. \ overdone, overcome. \ OVER, when a separate word, is indicated by a short dash about the length of the d sign, written at some distance above the next word ; as, over all Q ABOVE, is indicated by a similar dash written close above the next word ; as, above them ~H^ ; or it may be indicated by the word sign above. UNDER, when a separate word, is indicated by a corresponding dash to over, written some distance below the next word ; as, under it _ BELOW, is indi- cated by a similar dash close under the following word ; as, below them ~_ The words ENTER, EXTRA, ENCOUNTER, NONE, COME, CONTRA, Miss, etc. , may be used in the form of prefixes in their respective positions before the first sign of the following word ; as, enter itpon ter them \ ,/ y~ come home (^ , miss Mm -=*\, extra, got J, / , encoun- In the Reading Exercises on Prefixes, an occasional affix termination is employed, the meaning of which may be determined by referring to next lesson. 80 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE XIII. Prefixes. -/ v I X/ X 3, 7 L V h l /^i 7 \ ? I x_/ PEKNLX'S UMVEKSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 81 WRITING EXERCISE XIII. PKEFIXES. Conceal, concede, conceit, concise, condense, condole, conflict. Control, contrary, contrast, contradict, contrite, contrive, counter- part, counterfeit, counteract. Disarm, disaster, disclose, discord, displace, descend, desire, destine, desert, despair, decimal. Explain, extend, excess, exact, excite, exhort, excel, excellent, exempt, excuse, exude. Extraction, extreme, extradition, extraordinary. Mistake, message, mishap, misuse, mischief. Nominal, nominee, nominate, nonage. Protect, proclaim, profess, profane, proffer, profit, project. Subject, subdue, sublime, submit, subscribe, sub- stance, suburb, surface, surcease, surfeit, suffice, suffer, suffocate, suffuse, suffrage. Transact, translate, transfer, transgress, tran- scend, transform, transmute. Accident, acceptance. Occident, oxalic. Pertain, perplex, perjure, precede, predict, prefix. Retrograde, retroflex, retrovert. Fortune, forestall. Misfortune. Foreign, forbade, forget, forgive, forego, forecast. Overcast, overcoat, overdo, overrun, overtake, overdrawn. Injustice. Underlay, underrate, understand, undersign, undertake, undersell, undermine. Somehow, somewhat, something, sometime, some- body. Goodness, good-day, good-night. Everlasting, evermore, everglade, everyone, everyday. Outcome, outline, outside, out- look, outshine. ""Confide, congeal, consent, common, comfort. Disable, dyspepsia. Exhaust, exhibit, example, extol, export, exist. Miserable, Messiah, mesmerist. Non payment, nonpareil. Surgeon, surmise, surmount, surplice, surpass. Retract, retroact, retrieve. Forbear, forsake, foretell, forethought. Over- hear, overboard, overland, overthrown. Good-bye. Everybody. Outlaw, outgrow, outline, outrage, outward, outwear. Interest, intercept, intercede, interdict, interfere, interject, interview, extricate, extravagant. Transcribe, transport, transparent. Pro- gress, project, prolong, probate, prospect, pruning, prove. Pre- pare, prepay, precise, precede, prudent. Subtract, subsequent, substance. o s PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. LESSON IX. AFFIXES. Contracted affixes, to which this lesson is devoted, will be found to be, at certain times, very useful in shortening the writing. After the method for abbreviating on the vowels and combinations has been learned, the contracted affixes will not be employed to any great extent, as, in a majority of cases, the word will be abbrevi- ated before the affix is reached. Still, the affixes are especially useful in writing words of two syllables, and it is well for the stu- dent to become thoroughly familiar with their forms, so that he can apply them readily when occasion demands their use. CONTRACTED AFFIXES JOINED. AFFIX. SIGN. 5 Kess, J Fully, \ \, \ Fullness, jLess, lous, jLessly, lously, JLessness, \ I Ble, able, ible, j Ely, ably, ibly, jCian, cion, sion, j line, SImely, I (up) lne jlnely, 4 Ineness, EXAMPLE. goodness, useful, usefully, heedless, artlessly, thoughtlessness, notable, terribly, Grecian, time, timely, fine, finely, fineness, Applicat'n. "9 rERXIN S UNIVERSAL I'HONOGRAPHT. BO t 1 \ AFFIX. SION. EXAMPLE. Applicat'n. I ! Ment, ( ^^> judgment, (_ \ \ Ing, ings, * willing, (/ t 3 willingly, fa * ^~*^ i '> ** t Ingness, ) charm ingness, j t y and write the next word on the line. It is not advisable to use more than three consecu- J tive w^rds in position, and never more than two when \ the signs run vertically. Two is the average in all \ cases. Words separated by a comma may be employed in \ position, but not generally when separated by other j marks of punctuation. At the end of a sentence, the period, or other final punctuation mark, serves to indicate position on the last word, as : " Mercy Vlesseth him that gives and ing when position is not convenient. PERNIK'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. 89 READING EXERCISE XV.- Business Letters. n X 6 I/ 7 V* < z_ > / Long experience in teaching has shown the author that the majority of students on beginning to phrase are inclined to carry it to extremes. They, not infre- quently, join words together which have no connection, either naturally, logically, or through custom, and. from the difficulty of deciphering, lose the benefit of the rapidity which was gained in writing. The folly of such a course is strongly urged upon the learner. Rapidity of writing is valuable only when associated with ease and accuracy of reading ; when the latter are wanting, phrasing loses its value, and had better be entirely dispensed with. 92 PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. Phrases should be simple, naturally formed and not too numerous, and composed principally of words made from horizontal lines and curves. The Pernin system, as has been frequently said, is the only one which, on account of its great simplicity of construction, and natural and easy forms of contrac- tion, leaves the mind unhampered and free to co-operate with the dexterity of the hand, acquired by daily and systematic practice. Shorthand amanuenses and beginners of the study unacquainted with the work- ings of any method but their own, are sometimes struck with the apparent brevity of an outline written according to a system differing from the one they use, and, without waiting for further knowledge, jump at the conclusion that they must adopt some arbitrary contraction, or makeshift, to have their writing con- formable to it in appearance. Here, as elsewhere, is verified the truth of the old saying, "A little learning is a dangerous thing." Let the learner beware of trusting too much to appearances ; they are even more deceptive in shorthand phrasing than anywhere else. He will find as he advances in knowledge of the winged art, and compares his own simple, legible method with others, that the briefest outline to the eye is often far from being the most rapid of execution; that shading detracts greatly from speed in writ- ing, and that arbitrary contractions and a voluminous vocabulary of word-signs will burden his memory, and consequently impede the activity of his fingers. The PERNIN'S UKITERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 93 highest degree of speed in the shortest space of time (and time is a very valuable desideratum in this hurried age of ours) can be obtained only when the mind and fingers act in harmony and bear the burden of the work equally between them. Again, the great legibility of the Pernin shorthand is one of its strongest claims to superiority, and this must not be lost sight of in phrasing. It is the twin sister of rapidity of execution, and both should go hand in hand ; one is valueless without the other. In the matter of legibility, our light-line, non-position, connective vowel system shows to special advantage in phrasing. Apropos of the subject of simplicity in phrasing, we quote a few lines from an article in Browne's text-book of Phonography : "Mechanics and mechanical inventors have an axiom that the more complicated the machinery the greater will be the friction. In machines, as in Phonography, simplicity is aimed at in getting power and speed ; there, as in Phonography, a wheel within a wheel is often found to be an incumbrance rather than the help for which it was intended. Levers compounded to a certain extent are good ; beyond the limit they are a drawback, the gain in power or speed being more than counterbalanced by the distance lost or the force exerted to attain it. A rapid longhand penman can make over four hundred strokes or inflections of the pen in a minute, because the strokes and turns are familiar are free movements and require scarcely any action from the mind, or time for thought. A like familiarity with Phonography, if it is a flowing \ style, will, undoubtedly, give as a result a speed of 94 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. from two hundred to two hundred and fifty words per minute. From the longhand computation we can see that it is not brevity that is necessary for a high rate of speed. Too many arbitrary characters and too many diverse ways of writing words are hindrances rather than helps. It is a common error promulgated by an author who has no other claim to originality, that the shortest outline is the most rapid. He forgets that swift writing is quite as much a mental as a manual process, and that by his principles of brevity he hampers both the mind and the hand. * * * * Each plays an equal part in the dexterity of writing, and each must have full freedom to secure the best results." This is exactly what we claim in the Pernin . short- hand ; and we here find writers whose cry of superior- ity was formerly based on brevity of outline, now coming forward with a plea for greater simplicity in the art by the use of less arbitrary forms of contrac- tion. The point is so well sustained that we can- not refrain from making a further quotation : "In considering mental law, the process of think- ing must be analyzed. Our most rapid thoughts are expressed on subjects not complicated in their nature ; that is, if we think rapidly, we must think simply. Complicated thought is destructive to rapid thinking. If an invention like the development of the compli- cated structure of a very fine watch could be thought out in one instant of time, it would prove that compli- cated action is as quickly executed mentally as any other action ; but all evidence is against the develop- ment or invention of any great machine of numerous parts in an instant of time. Such inventions are accom- plished by long and slow thinking, by improvement being made upon improvement, by thought working __ 9 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 95 upon a part of the machine at a time till the whole is completed. This being a fact, the system of phono- graphy must be adapted to simplicity of mental action in order to contribute speed." The phrases in the present volume have been com- piled with the view of giving the learner an idea of the kind and quality of words that should be phrased, and not for the purpose of memorizing. They are not arbitrary, as will be seen. The majority of them are words written in full and connected for convenience only. As before stated, however, they should be prac- ticed upon until the learner can form an idea of the words suitable for phrasing which occur in his writ- ing, and can make them naturally and without effort as they appear in his practice. As a general rule, two or three words joined should be the length of a phrase, although in special cases more are allowable. In writing business letters such expressions as " Your favor just at hand," " Replying to yours of recent date," and others of a similar nature, could be written very briefly. So, also, in law and other departments of shorthand work, technical or frequently recurring phrases may be written in a very condensed form. Stenographers will very naturally form phrases for themselves suitable to the special work in which they are engaged, and in this they must be guided by good judgment. In all new matter there will be material for new phrasing, from which, with the numerous examples appended as a guide, it will be easy for the stenographer to form phrases PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOOUAPHV. of his own. Words composed of horizontal lines and curves are the most advantageous for joining; when written vertically not more than two words should be joined, as the phrase would interfere with the follow- ing line., A small phrase-book for ready reference will prob- ably be compiled and published by the author in the near future, should sufficient demand for such a work arise. PHRASES. Words usually Joined to Others in Phrasing. And, to, do, in, on, an, for, from, of, a, all, 1, you, we, he, she, it, his, us, they, their, them, as, so, any, no, not, after, with, very, this, that, these, those, just, than, if, what, some, because, how, by, about, good, great, go, up, where, ever, every, which, out, our, who, could, shall, should, before, be, been, has, have, had, are, were. A LIST OF SOME OF THE MOST COMMON PHRASES. Corresponding words to those beginning each line of engraved pages are capitalized. And-they, and-their, and-will, and-he-should, he-and- she, you-and-they, and-so. And-so-forth, in-the, in- this, in-these, in-those, in-their, in-to-the, go-in. Go- in-there, in-so-far-as, inasmuch-as, on-the, on-which, on-it, on-them, on-that. On-that-day, on-this, for-an, on-an, to-an, do-an, from-an, of-it. Of-them, of-you, of-our, of-his, of-this, of-their, of-any, tell-of. Heard- of, told-of-it, a-good, a-great, a-boy, a-man, a-book, do-a, r PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 97 PHRASES. ^ Y J V ^ S / / / 7 -^ U t>8 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. PHRASES Continued. Corresponding words to those beginning each line of engraved pages are capitalized, could-a. Sbould-a, at-all, at-times, at-once, at-them, at-last, at-present, goat, all-should. All-could, all- would, all-did, bad-all, for-all, for-all-that, for-all-the, for-all-their. Do-for, do-for-them, do-for-their, I-am, I- might, I-should-be, I-could-have. I-ougbt-to-be, I-did, I-did-so, I-did-not, I-do-not, I-know. I-was-so, I- will, I-can, I-can-say, you-could, you-should, you- would, you-did. Could-you, do-you, your-own, to-your, do- your, for-your, we-will, we-ctn. We-have, we-could, we-should, we-are, we-were, we-will-be, did-we-go, were-we-to-say. Could-we do-so, had-we-not, be-is, be-will, he-can, he-could-be, he-should-have. To-the, to-do-it, to-him, to-her, to-you, to-thera, to-this. To-that, to-tbeir, to-it, to-bold, to-go, to-be, to-any, to-own, to-your. To-be-more, to-be-able, to-have- been, to-have-done, to-have-gone, to-do-so, to-do-this, to-say. To-put-out, to-put-down, to-use, do-you, do- we, do-they, do-ber. Do-them, do-it, do-not, do-not- go, I-do, you-do, we-do. Can -do-as- well, can-do-as- mucb, do-all-their, who-will, who-was, who-is, who- with, who- would. From-the, from-him, from-her, frora-tbein, from-which, as-much, as-much-as, as-could. As-tbis, as-mucb-as-tbey, as-soon-as, as-long-as, as-she- could, just-as-well, as- well-as. As-good-as, as-great- as, such-as, such-as-the, sucb-as-not, be-so, so-far, so- will-they. So-will-he, no-good, no-one, no-more, any- more, any-one, not-any, more-tban, that-is. That- are, will-that, be-that, has-to, 'he-has-been, it-has-been, PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 99 3 \r- J -/ P PHRASES Continued. -6 7 1 "S '( -t C C ") ^ \ \ C O 108 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XVII. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Feb. 23, 1886. MESSRS. ROBERTS & CURRIE, Boston, Mass. GENTLEMEN, Goods went forward yesterday, excepting four bales of cotton, which, we regret to -say, we-are entirely out-of. Owing to-floods in-the South it-is almost impossible to-get a-single bale at-prescnt here. We-will forward as-soon-as we receive the-first ship- ment, unless order is countermanded. Trusting this-will-be satisfactory, we-remain- Yours-truly, WRIGHT BROS. & CO. NEWARK, K J., Sept. 2, 1886. ANDREW JENKINS, ESQ., Bordentown, Is". J. DEAR-SIR, Your esteemed-favor of-the 7th ult. to- hand, inclosing sum of $40.00, in settlement for Invoices Nos. 7, 8, 9, less 4 per-cent., for-which accept thanks. Yours-truly, J. G. HARRISON. WHEELING, W. YA., July 14, 1886. MR. J. BKOWN, Chicago, 111. DEAR-SIR, We-will waive top of column for Rheumatic Syrup display, but you-must-not fail to- put-it next to-reading matter, and we-will expect you PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 109 BEADING EXERCISE XVUl.-Business Letters. 7 -f } V V ^ ^ H V X / 1_ 110 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XVIII. to-give it top of column and next to-reading matter whenever you-can. We-inclose another sheet of locals. We-will-send cut to-day, and we kindly ask- you to-insert this week. Please-send paper to-our office to-prove insertion. Very-truly -yours, HENRY JAMES. PHILADELPHIA, PA., March 16, 1886. MB. JAS. JOHNSTON, Kochester, 1ST. Y. DEAK-SIR, As we-are informed that a-party in- your city has-been offering for sale to-the trade, ready cut election " stickers," we-beg-leave to-notify you that our-client, Mr. Thomas Young, of-this place, is the-patentee of-the-same, and-that-any sale or use thereof is-an infringement of-his patent, except where such sale or use is made by Mr. Young's license or of goods obtained from him or his authorized agents. Mr. Young's patent was obtained and-is dated April 23, 18Y8. His rights of patent have-been acquiesced in by-the public and trade generally, and-he sends this as-a friendly caution to-you against infringement of- the-same. Yery-truly-yours, G. H. SHAPER, Attorney for Thomas Young. DETROIT, MICH,, Dec. 14, 1885. MK. JAMES DICK, Cleveland, Ohio. DEAR-SIR, Your-esteemed-order of 10th inst. duly PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. Ill READING EXERCISE XIX. Business Letters. \ S / . X. \ 77 G ^ \ Q _ > in 2. 4 \ O" 112 PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XIX. to-hand, and-shall-have-our prompt and careful atten- tion. New cords have just arrived, and we-take pleasure in inclosing samples. We predict large sales for Nos. 881 and 970. They-have-been in-the market but a- short-time and are selling rapidly. Our traveler, Mr. Lordcn, has requested us to-for- ward samples of plush also, on arrival ; we-are sorry to-say we-have-not received them as yet, but we-will send as-soon-as they-reach us. Trusting to-receive further orders, we-remain- Yours-truly, HARWOOD & CO. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., Oct. 2, 1885. MR. CHAS. GREEN, Grand Rapids, Mich. DEAR-SIR, Your-favor-of Sept. 28 at-hand and contents noted. We-are extremely sorry to-be obliged to-say that it-will-be impossible for us to-nego- tiate renewal of -your paper maturing Dec. 23, 1885, owing to-the fact that-it-has passed out-of-our hands, being now held by-the National Bank of -this place, and-must-be paid at maturity or costs of protest will- be incurred Trusting you-will-be put-to-no inconvenience to-lift the-paper, we-are Yours-truly, IRVING & CO. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 118 READING EXERCISE XX. Business Letter*. n o JL 3 O C7 O xr^> \ \ <; I/ \ t /-. 114 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XX. 118 WASHINGTON AVE., DETROIT, MICH., June 4, 1886. MR. J. F. BARRON, Detroit, DEAR-SIR, In-replj to-your adv. in to-day's Free Press f or-a stenographer, I-beg to-offer you my services. I-have-had-an experience of two years in-this line of work, with Robinson & Co. of-this-city, and would refer-you to-them for-any testimony of character or ability you-may require. Should my application meet your approval, I-shall endeavor to-faithfully and promptly fulfill the-duties required of-me. By notifying me at above address I-shall-be happy to-call at-your office at-any-time you-may designate. In-the-meantime, I-remain- Yours-very-respectfully, H. W. WORKMAN. HAMBURG, 5T. Y., Sept. 30, 1886. S. S. McKAY, ESQ., DEAR-SIR, I-notice that-the ties on-the hill just east of Keller's have-not-been piled up and-burned, but are thrown down the-side of-the bank. This makes the-road look very untidy. Please see-to-it that-they- are burned as-soon-as-possible. Also see-that the old fence that stands in-front of-the new fence, just east of-the rock cut beyond Keller's, is torn down and piled up by the section men. Yours-truly, W. J. KITCHEN, Bupt. N. Y. C. & St. L. Ry. ! PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 115 WRITING EXERCISE XXI. CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RY. MILWAUKEE, "Wis., Jan. 7, 1886. MR. W. F. JOHNSON, DEAR-SIR, The-crossing watchman at Miami street, Indianapolis, Ind., is-not giving good satisfac- tion to-the public, and-some very serious complaints have-been made to-me in-regard to-his inattention to- duty. This watchman is paid five dollars per-month more-than the-others, with the understanding that he- is-to-stay on-duty until 9 p. m., or until Train 49 passes. I-think it-would-be policy to make a-change there and let the-new watchman understand that-he-is to- stay at-his post every-night until No. 49 passes. Yours-truly, I. I. BROWN, Supt. CHICAGO, ILL., July 8, 1886. D. E. BRANCH, ESQ. St. Louis, Mo. DEAR-SIR, The inclosed claim 16574, for shortage of-a-lot of-apples in-shipment from St. Louis to Chi- cago, is respectfully referred to-you. Please-take this case to-the conductor handling the freight and inquire from-him if -the car met with-any rough usage en route. Return all-papers with result of -your investigation at-the earliest practicable moment. Yours-truly, G. H. LAKEMAN, Supt. Wab., St. L. & P. Hy. i 116 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXII. PORT HURON, MICH., Apr. 10, 1886. j G. "W. SPRAGUE, Esq., Detroit, Mich. DEAR-SIR, Please-send at-once by Merchants' Des- \ patch to Thibbets & Co., Pt. Huron, Mich., 300 Ibs. Brevier type No. 14 with italics ; 120 Ibs. Nonpareil I No. 14 with italics; 12 Ibs. Small Pica and 2 fonts j \ Nonpareil fullface No. 1. This-is only a-part of j order. I-will-send the-balance to-inorrow or Wednes- | j day. Some parties have just come from Chicago, and i I-have-had to-make very close figures in-order to-secure \ the-trade. Please-send as-soon-as-possible, as-the type is needed i for next week's paper. Yery-truly-yours, C. M. LAIDLAW. \ Sioux CITY & PACIFIC AND FREMONT, ELKHORN & MISSOURI t VALLEY RYS. OMAHA, NEB., Jan. 30, 1886. T. J. BROWN, Esq., Bedford, Io T .va. DEAR-SIR,- Replying-to-your-favor-of 29th inst., would-say that passenger rates are as-follows : Coun- \ cil Bluffs to Chadron $16.40 ; round trip explorer's ! rate Council Bluffs to Yalentine $13.90 none are \ sold to Chadron. Rate on emigrant movables, Council Bluffs to Chad- \ ron, $70 per-car. Yours-truly, ; S. HASTINGS, ; Southwestern Pass. Agent. ' PERHIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 117 WRITING EXERCISE XXIII. DENVER, COL., July 12, 1886. P. J. LEWIS, Esq., Boston, Mass. DEAR-SIR, Replying-to-yours-of 10th inst., would- say that-I-have pleasure in-sending you by mail a-sup- ply of-matter descriptive of-the Elkhorn Valley. I-cannot advise you as-to-any particular location west of Antelope county, but think, if-you-can arrange it so, it-would-be better for-you to-purchase a-land exploring ticket for Valentine, Neb., and visit the- country. I- think you- will probably find these on-sale in Boston; if -not, it-would-be your best plan to-pur- chase a-ticket to-Chicago and from-there you-can purchase a-land exploring ticket via the-Chicago & Northwestern and Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley Rys. to Valentine, Neb., which-will cost-you $31.45. This ticket will-allow stop-over privileges at-any point west of-the Missouri river and-will- be good 40 days from date of issue. The-ticket office is at 62 Clark street. Should-you desire any addi- tional information I-shall-be pleased to-furnish it. Yours-truly, E. A. HESS, Southwestern Pass. Agent. NOTE, Each of these letters should be written over from 10 to 15 times. If preferred, the combined consonants may be employed in the contractions of months and places. When r precedes final ly in a word, it is usually omitted, as in merely, nearly, scarcely, etc. Every student should supply himself with a small note-book for the purpose of jotting down any phrase or contracted word not given in list. Insert dots wherever greater legibility requires their use. ~~~ ~n 118 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXIV. DES MOINES, I A., May 6, 1886. J. "W. SNYDEE, Springfield, 111., DEAR-SIR, Replying-to-your-favor-of Jan. 25th, would-say that-I-do-not think it-would-be advisable for-you to-think of -going west for-some-time yet, especially if -you wish to-locate at Fort Fetterman. As yet there-is-no town there, and probably will-not- be until our-line is completed to-that point, which I understand will-be late in-the summer or in-the early fall. If-you-will write me later or about the-first of July, at-that-time I-may-be-able to-give-you more sat- isfactory information. Yours-truly, D. D. HELLER, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., Sept. 12, 188G. GEO. L. SMITH, Esq., Iowa City, la. DEAR-SIR, Can-you use a-car of Hoffman & Sons' flour \ We-have on-hand nearly a-full car of " Supreme." The-same was shipped to us by mistake ; we-would-be willing to dispose of-it at-a low figure and fill up the-car with " II. S." I-believe the-Jones Grocery Co. has-a large trade established on-this brand in-your territory. Will-you-be in position to- handle this ? Please answer at-once. Yours-truly, E. A. HALL. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGR PHY. 119 WRITING EXERCISE XXV. OMAHA, NEB., Dec. 13, 1886. JOHNSON" CRACKER FACTORY, Waterloo, Iowa. GENTLEMEN, We-quote you Kansas Winter Wheat, straight patents f. o. b. cars Atchison, at $4.20 per barrel in sacks; straight patents at $3.60 per barrel, f. o. b. Omaha; Kansas "Baker's" at $3.60 per barrel, f. o. b. Omaha; Colorado patent at $4.10 f. o. b. Omaha. We-make a specialty of supplying cracker factories, and are well acquainted with the- grades of flour desired for-their work. We-should-be pleased tohave a-trial order. Very-truly, C. F. DALY. KANSAS CITY, Mo., March 29, 1886. T. J. JOHNSON, Esq., Blair, Neb. DEAR-SIR We-inclose check for $14.90, payment for abstracts. Please-give us latest assessed value for taxation on-the following property : N. W. quarter, section 7, township 7, range 11 east, of R. M. Burns ; also S. W. quarter, section 2, township 17, range 11, Sophia Goodman, Kennard, Neb. Please prepare abstract on Sophia Goodman's property and forward same at-once ; also give us assessed value for taxation and amount of taxes on north half, S. E. quarter, sec- tion 12, township 12, range 10 east, property of Samuel BrinkerhofL Yours-truly, E. A. DUVAL. T 5 120 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL. PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXVI NEW YORK CITY, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1886. T. J. STEVENS, Blair, Neb. DEAR-SIR, "We-have notice that parties will accept payment for-their loan, and- we- will prepare your papers at-once. Please-send us a-little description of- your land, showing on what portion of-the farm the hay and corn are raised ; also locate the house. Yours-truly, W. A. WHITE. ADRIAN, MICH., Aug. 12, 1886. MESSRS. METCALF BROS. & Co., Detroit, Mich. DEAR-SIRS, Having recently commenced business for myself with fair prospects of success, I-shall-be pleased to-open an account with your house, and trust it-will-be to-our mutual advantage. Should-you think favorably of-the matter, you-will please fill the accom- panying order with the-least possible delay and on your best terms. For testimonials, I-refer-you to New- comb, Endicott & Co., of-your city, by whom I-have- been until recently employed ; but as-this-is my first transaction with-your house, upon forwarding me an invoice of-goods and deducting your usual discount for cash, I- will remit a-sight draft on-the First National Bank of-your-city, for- the amount, by return mail. Expecting your usual prompt attention, I-am, Yours- respectfully, 8. C. BROOKS. PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 121 i MR. S. C. BROOKS, WRITING EXERCISE XXVII. DETROIT, MICH., August 13, 1886. Adrian, Mich. DEAR-SIR, We-take pleasure in sending this-day, i as per your order, the inclosed invoice of-goods, J amounting to $1,500, subject to 5 per-cent. discount j for cash. j Your-reference being entirely satisfactory, we- t have-no hesitation in opening an-account and allowing j you our-best terms. Trusting that-the goods, which- are shipped by express, will arrive safely and meet your-favor, we-are - Very-truly-yours, METCALP BROS. & CO. MADISON, Wis., Jan. 10, 1886. GEO. TOWNSEND, Esq., Milwaukee, Wis. DEAR-SIR, On-the 14th of March we-made ship- \ ment to Dick Feeler, of Chicago, 111., as-follows : 2 Cases Hardware. 1 Box Leather. 1 Eoll Top Leather (12 Hides). Consignee reports Top Leather arriving in very bad \ condition, and four hides missing. Kindly put tracer out as-soon-as-possible, and-oblige, i Yours-traly, A. B. KILEY. 9 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXVHL 1 PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT. This agreement, made this fifth day of August, 1886, between Thomas H. Smith, of Charleston, S. C., of-the one part, and Charles T. Cullen, of-the-same place, of-the other part, witnesseth : The-said parties agree to-associate themselves as copartners, for-a period of five years from-this date, in-the business of buying and selling hardware and- 8U ch. other goods and commodities as belong in-that line of trade ; the-name and style of-the firm to-be Smith & Cullen. I\>r-the purpose of conducting the-business of-the above named partnership, Thomas H. Smith has, at-the- date of-this writing, invested Five Thousand Dollars as capital stock, and-the said Charles T. Cullen has paid in the -like sum of Five Thousand Dollars, both of -which amounts are to be expended and used in com- mon for-the mutual advantage of-the parties hereto in- the management of-their business. It-is hereby also agreed by both parties hereto, that- they-will-not, while associated as copartners, follow any avocation or trade to-their-own private advantage, but will, throughout the-entire period of copartnership, put-forth-their utmost and best efforts for-their mutual advantage and-the increase of-the capital stock. That-the details of-the business may-be thoroughly understood by each, it-is agreed that, during the afore- said period, accurate and full book accounts shall-be PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 123 READING EXERCISE >O ^\_ J 1 flt / J \ b L I C7 - . L \ j- V / I V. ^r^__^ _ ( /v e_y J ^ / \ o 124 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. kept, wherein each partner shall record, or cause to-be entered and recorded, full mention of-all money received and expended, as-well-as every article pur- chased and sold belonging to, or in anywise appertain- ing to-such partnership ; the-gains, profits, expendi- tures and losses being equally divided between-them. It-is further agreed that once every year or oftener, should either party desire, a-full, just and accurate exhibit shall-be made to-each other, or to-their execu- tors, administrators, or representatives, of-the losses, receipts, profits and increase made by reason of, or arising from, such copartnership. And, after such exhibit is made, the surplus profit, if-such there-be, resulting from-the business, shall-be divided between the subscribing partners, share and share alike. Either party hereto shall be allowed to-draw a-sum, the-first } r ear, not exceeding six hundred dollars per- annum, from-the capital stock of-the firm, in monthly installments of fifty dollars each, which amount may-be increased by subsequent agreement. And further, should either party desire, or should death of either of-the parties, or other reasons, make it necessary, they, the-said copartners, will each to-the other, or, in-case of death of-either, the surviving party to-the executors or administrators of-the party deceased, make a-full, accurate and final account of- the condition of-the partnership as aforesaid, and- will fairly and accurately adjust the-same. And also, upon taking an inventory of -said capital stock, with increase PERNIN'S UNIVEKSAL PHONOGRAPHY 125 { READING EXERCISE TfTCTt. - ) 1 A" / 1 (A/ A-r x^ / s^- Ir y -v. L 1 ^U ^ ^. ^- ^^ J ~ i 128 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXIX. FORM OF WILL. The last will of- me, John Jones, of-the-town of Oxford, in-tlie county of Oakland, and State of Mich- igan, being of sound mind at-the-time of making and publishing this my last will and testament. I-give and devise all-my estate, real and personal, whereof I-may-die seized or possessed, to James Brown, of-the said town of Oxford, and Thomas Green, of-the-same place, to-have and-to-hold the-same to-themselves, their heirs and assigns forever, upon the-uses and trusts following, namely : In-trust, first, to-pay all-my debts and funeral expenses ; Second, to- pay to-my wife, Mary, upon her sole and separate receipts, the-interest, income, and rev- enue of-all my said estate, during the-term of-her natural life ; And, third, upon the-decease of my said wife, to convert all-my said estate into money, if such-a course shall-be thought best by my said trustees, and to-pay to-my daughter, Ellen, the one-third part thereof, it seeming to-me best to-give her so large a-share on- account-of her inability to provide for herself ; and-the remaining two-thirds to-be equally divided between my four sons, Frederick, Stephen, James and John. If either of-my children shall, before such division, have died, leaving lawful issue, such issue to-receive the-parent's share, but, if-there-be no issue, then such 6 ~ - PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. ,29 READING EXERCISE XXIV. \ ? L Jo c; ^ v. if <; ^\ VD 2, ~ A 130 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. -p WRITING EXERCISE XXIX. Continued. share to-fall into-the general fund, to-be divided among the-survivors in-the manner before directed. And I-hereby give to-my said trustees full power and authority to-sell any or all-of-my real estate at private or public sale, and invest the proceeds, or lease the-same, as-they-may deem best for-the interest of-my family. And if my daughter Ellen shall-not-have attained the age of twenty-one upon-the decease of-her mother, I-hereby nominate, constitute, and appoint my said trustees guardians of-the person and estate of-my said daughter, Ellen, during the-remaiuder of-her minority, commending her to-their fatherly care and protection. And I-hereby constitute James Brown and Thomas Green my executors of -this my last will and testament. In-witness whereof, I-have hereunto set my hand and seal, this third day of April, in-the year 1886. JOHN JONES. Signed, sealed, published, and declared by John Jones, the testator above named, as and-for his last will and testament, in-the presence of us, who, iu-his presence, at-his request, and-in-the presence of-eaoh other, have hereunto set-our names as witnesses. Witnesses: K H F. 8. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY 131 WRITING EXERCISE XXX. LANDLORD'S AGREEMENT. This certifies that I have let and rented, this first day of January, 1886, unto James Ashton, my house and lot No. 68 Farrar St., in the city of Detroit, and State of Michigan, and its appurtenances ; he to have the free and uninterrupted occupation thereof for one year from this date, at the yearly rental of Eight Hun- dred dollars, to be paid monthly in advance ; rent to cease if destroyed by fire or otherwise made untenant- able. CHARLES A. CHAPMAN. TENANT'S AGREEMENT. This certifies that I have hired and taken from Charles A. Chapman, his house and lot, No. 68 Farrar St., in the city of Detroit, State of Michigan, with appurtenances thereto belonging, for one year, to com- mence this day, at a yearly rental of Eight Hundred dollars, to be paid monthly in advance, unless said house becomes untenantable from fire or other causes, in which case rent ceases ; and I further agree to give and yield said premises'one year from this first day of January, 1886, in as good condition as now, ordinary and damage by the elements exceptedo Given under my hand this day JAMES ASHTON. PERITIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXI. FORM OF LEASE. This agreement or lease, made this third day of April, between Abner Smith, of Greenfield, Ohio, party of the first part, and Chas. Daniels, of Dearborn, Ohio, party of the second part, witnesseth : That the said party of the first part does by these presents lease to the said party of the second part the following described property, to-wit : [Describe prop- erty.] To have and to hold the same to the said party of the second part, from the fifth day of April, 1886, to the fifth day of April, 1887. And the said party of the second part covenants and agrees with the party of the first part to pay the said party of the first part, as rent for the same, the sum of $800, payable as follows, to-wit : [State the times and terms of payment] The said party of the second part further covenants with the said party of the first part, that, at the expira- tion of the time mentioned in this lease, peaceable possession of the said premises shall be given to the said party of the first part, in as good condition as they now are, the usual wear, inevitable acciuents, loss by fire excepted ; and that upon the non-payment of the whole or any portion of the said rent at the time when the same is promised to be paid, the said party of the first part may, at his election, either dis- train for said rent due, or declare this lease at an end, ;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m.m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^'^'^''*^'^' wwmi ' mi ' wt Vx PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 183 WRITING EXERCISE XXXI. Continued. and recover possession of said premises as if the same were held by forcible detainer, the said party of the second part waiving any notice of such election, or any demand for the possession of said premises. The covenants herein shall extend to and be binding upon the heirs, executors, and administrators of the parties to this lease. Witness said parties' hands and seals. (Signature of Lessor.) [SEAL.] (Signature of Lessee.) [SEAL.] WRITING EXERCISE XXXII. FORM OF POWER OF ATTORNEY. Know all men by these presents : That I, Thomas Gardiner of Detroit, Mich., have, by these presents, constituted, made, and ordained, and in my place and stead substituted Elmer Allen to be my lawful, sufficient and true attorney, and in my name, place and stead to [Set forth the purpose or purposes for which the power is given]. That I hereby grant unto my said attorney full authority and power in and about said premises, and to use all due course, means and process of law for the complete, effectual, and full execution of the busi- ness above described, and for said premises to appear and me represent before governors, justices, and rain- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6 O .mmw^m.w^^mmmm.^mmmmm^mw^mm.m.'m.m.mmm.mmm.mmmwm.w^wMV m.mm.-<.m.-wm.m 134 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXII. Continued. isters of law whomsoever, in any court or courts of judicature, and there, on my behalf, defend and pro- secute all actions, causes, matters and things whatso- ever relating to the premises, and in all premises make and execute all due acquittances, discharges, and releases. That said attorney shall have full authority and power to accomplish, act, determine, do, finish arid transact all matters and things whatsoever relating to the premises, and in all said premises make and execute all due acquittances as amply, effectually, and fully, to all intents and purposes, as I, his said con- stituent and principal, if present, might or ought, although said matters and things should require more special authority than is herein comprised and included. That I hereby ratify and hold firm and valid all matters and things whatsoever my said attorney or his substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done in and about said premises, by virtue of these presents. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand on this 20th day of March, 1886. THOMAS GARDINER. ~~~ O PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 135 WRITING EXERCISE XXXIII. FORM OF ASSIGNMENT. This assignment, made this fifth day of March, 1886, witnesseth : That Caleb Johnston, of Adrian, Mich., in consid- eration of the sum of $1,000 (the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged), assigns, transfers, and sets over to Eben Fox, of Lansing, Mich, (his executors, administrators and assigns), all his titles and interests in and rights under, accounts, debts, demands, goods, merchandise, notes, wares, etc., etc. (according to the nature of the property scheduled), set forth in the schedules marked A, B, C, etc., attached to and made a part of this assignment. That said Caleb Johnston gives said Eben Fox (his executors, administrators, and assigns) the full power to ask, demand, collect, receive, receipt for, compound and give acquittance for the same or any part thereof, and in said assignor's name, or otherwise, but at his or their costs, to prosecute any and withdraw any suits at law or in equity thereof. Given under my hand and seal, at Adrian, Mich., the day and year first above mentioned. CALEB JOHNSTON. -O 136 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXIV. OFFICE OF THE CONSOLIDATED STKI-:L SPRING Co. YODNGSTOWN, OHIO, Oct. 11, 1886. JACKSON LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, Jackson, Mich. GENTLEMEN Owing to the growing disposition on the part of consumers to procure material of all kinds at lower prices, manufacturers have been compelled to look for cheaper grades of material. In view of this fact we have decided to manufacture springs from two qualities of steel. While we have always used and advocated crucible cast steel in the manufacture of railway, locomotive and car springs, and experience proves that in the end it is the most durable, and hence the most economical, some railway companies, however, have adopted an analytical as well as a physical standard of their own for the guidance of manufacturers, and which permits the use of steel manufactured in bulk, and therefore much cheaper than that quality of steel known as cru- cible. These railroad companies ask no guaranty, and assume no responsibility for the springs giving good service, insisting only that the springs pass the physi- cal and analytical tests to which they are subjected at the time they are furnished. But, as a comparison of value, it may be stated that crucible cast-steel springs are now in service and in good condition that have been in constant use for over sixteen years, to our knowledge. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 137 WRITING EXERCISE XXXIV. Continued. It is our aim, now as ever, to produce the best and most serviceable springs at a fair and reasonable price. We shall use the highest quality of crucible cast steel, as heretofore, and the best grade of special steel, and our patrons can depend upon always obtaining from us just what they order, and the best of its kind, leav- ing it optional with them as to what quality they desire to use. The difference in the cost of the springs will be only the difference in the cost of the material used, as our method of manufacture will be exactly the same in both cases. We shall use nothing but the best quality of cru- cihle cast' steel in the manufacture of our locomotive springs. We are very truly yours, THE CONSOLIDATED STEEL SPRING CO. WRITING EXERCISE XXXV. THE TABER ROOFING SLATE COMPANY OFFICE, 205 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, Oct. 11, 1886. D. I. WAGAR, Esq. , Gen. Mgr. Can. Pac. Ry., Montreal, P. Q. DEAR SIR, If your company is erecting, or con- templating the erection of any buildings, we should be pleased to quote you prices of roofing slate delivered at any point. 138 PKRNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXV. Continued. The rooting slate manufactured by us is of dark blue- black color, of superior strength and durability. For depots, round houses, machine shops or any buildings where a fire-proof material is desired, this slate has no superior, as it is absolutely fire-proof. We are now supplying large quantities of our roofing slate to railroad companies, and have received a num- ber of letters from those who have used it, testifying to its merits. We will make you bottom trade prices. By purchas- ing your slate direct from the manufacturers you not only get it at first cost, but you are insured as to quality, and, as we only make one quality, the best, it never varies. We also manufacture black slate floor tile. We are making a specialty of best grade of slate nails and roofing felt, which we would supply you with at manufacturers' prices. Your correspondence is kindly solicited, and, should you favor us with your order, it will receive our best attention. Hoping to hear from you in the near future, we are, Very truly yours, THE TABER ROOFING SLATE CO. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. ~V 13& COMMON ABBREVIATIONS. Further contractions may be made by employing the .common abbreviations used in printing. Write the shorthand characters for the abbreviations only ; these will include the ordinary commercial terms, titles, names of months, days of the week, points of the compass, geographical and other proper names, and a large number of other words that are usually abbreviated. The following will serve for illustra- tion : Debtor, Dr. Capital, . . cap. Creditor, . Cr. January, Jan. Company, Co. April, Apr. Dozen, . doz. Sunday, Sun. Account, acct. Friday, . Fri. Balance, . . bal. Ohio, 0. Colonel, . Col. Michigan, Mich. Professor, Prof. Pennsylvania, Pa. Esquire, . Esq. James, . Jas. Honorable, Hon. Samuel, . Sam. Republic, ( T?,->i-k Interest, . . int. Republican, V Kep. Division, div. Democrat, . ) Citizen, . cit. Democratic, > Dem. Attorney, . atty. Quart, qt. Publish, . irvnn Quantity, quan. Public, puu. Revenue, rev. Degree, deg. Manufacturer, manf. Instant, c inst. Ultimo, ult. Pages, pp. ~w- 140 PEBNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. PUNCTUATION, PROPER NAMES, ETC. The dot being utilized for other purposes in short- hand, a period is indicated by an oblique cross x, or a long oblique stroke / written through the line. The dash is indicated by a horizontal waved line, thus : ; laughter by a vertical waved line, ; applause by an oblique waved line,/ Other punctuation marks than those mentioned are seldom used in shorthand, but, if any others are desired, use the same as in long- hand. Proper names should be written in longhand if time permit ; if not, write in the simple style with a waved line beneath ; they should never be abbreviated except when very familiar, or frequently repeated, when the first sign indicated, or some suggestive con- traction, may be employed. Technical terms and phrases often repeated may be contracted in a some- what similar manner. In this system every word is written, it being the only shorthand method which follows such a course. Words cannot be always exactly supplied by the con- text, the substitution of a for the sometimes causing a serious error. The Pernin shorthand is sufficiently rapid to allow of every word being written, and this is the only safe plan. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 141 USE OF PUNCTUATION MAKES. A knowledge of punctuation is of the utmost impor- tance to the stenographer, and yet few students of the art possess that knowledge. To overcome this diffi- culty, we have subjoined a few simple rules, which we would advise learners to thoroughly commit to memory. The best way to fix them in the mind, is to use the article as a shorthand writing exercise, and to practice upon it in that way, until the rules can be remembered and applied without hesitation. The COMMA (,) divides qualifying words and also clauses of sentences. It is used where "and" is omitted ; as "A tall, dark, foreign-looking man." "He intended going, but changed his mind." "If 1 were you, however, I would go, as they will expect you" It divides figures into groups of three, or thousands, as : " 93,000,000 miles to the sun." It is used before brief quotations, as : " The prisoner shouted, ' Hold up your hands? r The SEMICOLON (;) is used to separate different parts of a sentence not closely connected, or long clauses having commas in them. The COLON (:) signifies that something is to follow generally a quotation, as : "The ancients had this maxim : 'Know thyself? " "An earnest student will act as follows : He will procure a note-book, etc. " "To the Editor of the New Yorlc Times:" The PERIOD, or full stop (.), closes complete sen- tences, no matter of what brevity or length, as : "Fear God. Let all your amis be pure. Dare to 142 PERXIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. do right" It follows abbreviations, as: " M. D." "Rt.Rev.Dr." "A bundle of MSS." It separates | dollars and cents and other decimals, as : "$W.OO" } "$17.25." "The ratio is .79 to 7.15." Where f classes or groups are designated by A, JB, C, etc., no period is used, as these are not abbreviations, as : "He \ enlisted in Co. C, but soon afterwards deserted." The DASH ( ) follows a broken sentence, as : \ " Will you not declare but I appeal in vain" It supplies omitted letters in names, as : " The town \ ( of B ." " Susie L 's diary" It connects clauses with a common predicate, as : " To live, to die, to be buried this is the common lot" The INTERROGATION (?) signifies a question asked, as : " How f " " What say you f " "Can one expect progress without application f " The EXCLAMATION ( ! ) follows ejaculations, as : jl "Ah ! " "Dear me ! " "Alas, that I was so blinded ! " j "Hurrah for Cleveland!" The HYPHEN (-) joins compounded words, as: 1 "Deer-stalker." "A rose-colored mew" "Pan-Handle \ Railroad." "A what-care-I air" ; PARENTHESES ( ) inclose words or clauses which sense, as : " Poor people (and they are numerous) might have been omitted without destroying the were objects of pity to him" " He wore a bright \ (though ragged) jacket" BRACKETS [ ] are to be distinguished from paren- f theses. They signify that something outside of the j PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 143 author's words is added, as : " The following premises, to-ivit: [Sere describe the property.'] " "His authority \Cooley\ is silent on this point '." CAPITAL LETTERS. The following should begin with a capital letter : Names of persons and places, as : " John, New York." Adjectives from proper names, as : " Christian, Roman, American" The first word of a direct quotation, as : " He exclaimed: 'This man has wounded me?" If the quotation is indirect, a capital is not used, as : "He cried out ' that the man had wounded him." 1 " The first word of every sentence ; and of every line of verse, except where one measure is run over to the next line. All addresses, as " Mr. President," " My dear Sir" " Dear Sirs" " Gentlemen" Official titles before the person's name, as: "Gov. Andrew, President Cleveland, Dictator Lopez, Aid. Smith" The important words in titles of books, as : "A Symposium of Comic Cuttings, from the French of M. Phunni, ty a Lover of Laughter" Names of memorial days, as : "Independence Day" "Freedmerfs Day" " Decoration Day." The pronoun " I " and the invocation sign " O " are written in capital letters. NOTE. Many writers confound "O" with the interjection "Oh." The former is never properly used except as a sign of invocation, as : "OLvrdf" "0 King, live forever! " "0 gracious Providence." The latter is an exclamation of emotion or passion, as : " Oh, do not leave me! " " Oh, could I see you ! " 144 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. HOW TO GAIN SPEED. After a thorough acquirement of the principles of Phonography, how to gain speed for practical work, in the quickest and best way, is the next subject for consideration. If you are not attending a shorthand school, engage some one to read to you, for dictation. Do not depend upon friends to help you out in this matter; for, except in rare cases, this course will not be found satisfactory. To obtain the best results, the dictation must be regular, systematic, and of sufficient duration to be of value to the writer. Three hours a day is not too much for dictation, but it should be divided by intervals. The writer should always cease practice just short of fatigue, for nothing will be gained when brain and hand are alike exhausted. The reader should be possessed of a clear and distinct utterance, and should adapt his dictation to your speed, reading slowly but continuously, at first, and increasing his rate of speaking to keep pace with your increased speed in writing. Read back what you have written every fifteen minutes while the dictation is in pro- gress, and the next day, on beginning work, read the entire matter of the previous day's dictation. Amateur stenographers are frequently in such haste to become rapid writers that they are inclined to neglect what is really of the most importance, viz., the ability to translate accurately every word that has been dictated. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 145 If you intend to follow office work, practice on business letters bearing upon the kind of work in which you expect to engage, should your position be already secured ; if not, practice upon general business letters. In addition to those given in the Text-book, excellent material of this kind may be found in Pernin's Business Letter Book. Make each letter or other article a separate study until it is written abso- lutely correct as to formation of characters, proper contractions, phrasing, etc.; then rewrite it ten, fifteen or twenty times, as the case may require, until every character, contraction and phrase falls readily from the pen. Always bear in mind that it is repetition of the same article that brings up the speed, not unlim- ited wandering over a wide range of new matter. Do not overlook the daily practice on the alphabet recom- mended in " Hints to Learners," and go over each phrase and simple word-sign again and again until you can write them mechanically, and without thought as to their formation. After this preparatory practice upon speeches, let- ters, newspaper articles, etc., and when a speed of 75 to 100 words per minute has been gained, you may plume your wings for a higher flight, by attempting to report a speech or sermon. Select a slow, dis- tinct speaker to begin with, and put yourself in a position to hear every syllable. Do not start with the \ expectation of taking a verbatim report, or you will \ be disappointed and discouraged over your first \ attempt. Endeavor to take as much as possible of Qm. .m.-&-^m.m.mm-^m.m-K-m.mmmm.-o.m^^.m..-&m.m.m^^m^^^m-&->m.m. ...> 10 146 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. \ j one complete sentence before attempting another. I Do not mind if the speaker gets ahead of yon. Be ' calm and deliberate. Remember you are writing for practice only, not for pay. Start with him again when he begins another sentence, and take down as much of it as you can, so that when you come to transcribe your notes the result will be in some degree satisfactory. Repeat this for a month or two, keeping up other practice if you can in the meantime, and you will be surprised at the progress you have made, and the increased facility with which you can then follow the speaker. Embrace every opportunity afforded you for further improvement by attending lectures, taking sermons in church, visiting the courts, etc., still keeping up private practice on newspaper articles, court reports, and whatever else is at hand. Keep all your notes, private memoranda and daily accounts in shorthand. For this purpose, the literary style, with the addition of the simpler contractions, is preferable. Carry a note-book and pencil constantly in your pocket, and jot down conversations, or as much of them as you can, extracts from books you read, and the like. The familiarity with the art thus I gained will be invaluable to you in future work, for, I of course, if you have the ability, you are not going to \ stop half-way up the ladder that leads to the top of j the profession. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the necessity ! of reading shorthand as quickly as you are able to \ write it. This can only be done by reading and r PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. re-reading everything that is written, until the short- hand characters become as familiar to you as the printed letters. A stenographer who does not exceed 75 to 100 words per minute, but who can transcribe his notes rapidly and accurately, is much more valuable to his employer than he who takes rapidly from dictation but is unable to transcribe quickly ; for the reason that the former can turn off much the greater amount of work during the day the object in employing a stenographer. Much assistance can be gained by shorthand students meeting together for practice whenever possible. Ideas and suggestions are thus interchanged, and mutual benefit is derived. It is also an excellent plan for each stenographer in turn to read back from his notes while the others write ; also to exchange books and read from each other's notes. This gives a ready familiarity in reading obtained in no other way. Whenever you meet a word or phrase that is not easily or quickly written, encircle it for reference, and at the end of the dicta- tion go back and re-write it until it gives you no fur- ther trouble. "When ready for any department of shorthand work, do not sit down and wait for a position with a large salary attached, but take advantage of the first open- ing that presents itself for the sake of the actual experience it will give you. To gain this experience, it is even advisable to offer your services free for a 148 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY time, until you feel sure that your work is entirely satisfactory. You will find that experience is the golden key that will open many doors otherwise closed to you, and this, with the confidence in your own ability thus acquired, will contribute greatly to your future success. Remember always, that you cannot expect to receive the wages of skilled labor for unskilled effort, and that in shorthand, as well as in all other departments of work, you must expect to serve your apprenticeship. Want of space will not allow of the insertion of many practical hints to stenographers. The student, as well as the amanuensis and reporter, will, however, derive great benefit from PERNIN'S MONTHLY STENOG- RAPHER, which is designed to supplement the instruc- tion given in the text book. Each number contains several pages of engraved shorthand prepared by the author, articles for dictation, advice by the author, experienced teachers and practical stenographers. Besides these, each volume contains a full course of lessons arranged differently from the text book, thus presenting new illustrations of the principles. The shorthand business letters in the STENOGRAPHER are taken from Pernin's Business Dictation Book, and afford valuable matter for reading and writing practice. A series of shorthand pamphlets in the corresponding and reporting styles of the Pernin system are now for sale at prices which place them within the reach of even the most economical. Every live stenographer who wishes to rise in his profession will embrace hese opportunities for advancement. 6 PEBNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 249 t ' \ TYPE- WRITING, SPELLING, ETC. A knowledge of how to operate a type-writer is a necessary qualification for a stenographer, as the major- ity of business houses prefer to have their correspond- ence type-written, it being not only much more leg- ible than ordinary longhand, but also much more rapidly executed. Type-writers have now become so common that if the student cannot attend a shorthand school he will in all probability be able to rent one for practice, or perhaps will be allowed the privilege of using one in an office, for a slight consideration. It is also essential for a stenographer to know how to spell and punct'-.ate correctly. Comparatively few people are really good spellers, a fact due in a great measure to the absurd construction of the language and partly to early neglect of this important branch of education. However this may be, if the defect exists, shorthand students should endeavor to remedy it at once, or their services will not be satisfactory to employers. During the time they are learning the art the spelling-book should be carefully studied, and a small pocket dictionary carried constantly for refer- ence, until the difficulty is overcome. Punctuation should receive equal attention from the stenographer who hopes for success. Every shorthand writer should become a subscriber to one or more Phonographic Journals, as the value received will be worth many times the price of sub- scription. Much useful information and valuable i 15C PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. knowledge may be gained through the related experi- ence of other writers. The shorthand pages will give a supply of new reading matter, and the interchange of ideas among members of the profession will serve to deepen the interest which every intelligent sten- ographer should feel in the advancement of the art. Of course preference should be given to the journal representing the system he himself follows; but the stenographer who would keep abreast of the times should also be acquainted with the shorthand litera- ture in general. THE LORD'S PRAYER. A *\-7 cV A -7^_ / r^~ ^^ \ V / ^ ~ The word MS has been inadvertently omitted from the Lord's Prayer PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 151 READING EXERCISE XXV. I -L * O S > y .V / C \ ^ V- V_ j X L 3 -> ,0 152 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXVI. THE PEN AND THE INKSTAND. In-a poet's room, where his inkstand stood on-the-table, the remark was once made, " It is wonderful what can-be brought out-of-an inkstand. What-will come next ? It-is indeed wonder- ful." "Yes, certainly," said the inkstand to-the pen and-to-the other articles that stood on-the-table; "that's-what I always-say. It-is wonderful and extraordinary what a number of -things come out- of me. It's quite incredible, and I really don't know what is com- ing next when that man dips his pen into-me. One drop out of-me is enough for half a-page of paper, and-what cannot half a- page contain ? From-me all-the works of-the poet are produced ; all-those imaginary characters whom people fancy they have known or met. All-the-deep feeling, the-humor, and the vivid pictures of nature. I-myself don't understand how-it is, for I am- not acquainted with nature, but-it-is certainly in me. From-me have gone forth to-the world those wonderful descriptions of troops of charming maidens, and of brave knights on prancing steeds; of-the halt and -the blind, and I-know not what-more, for, I assure you, I never think of -these things." "There you are-right, " said the pen, "for you-don't-think at- all ; if you did, you-would-see that you only provide the means. You-give the-fluid that I may place upon the paper what dwells in me, and what I wish to bring to-light. It-is the-pen that writes ; no man doubts that ; and, indeed, most people understand as-much about poetry as an old inkstand. " "You have-had very- little experience" replied the-inkstand. PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. READING EXERCISE XXV.- Continued. I ( ? i 5 V 5 cr c lr t-m.mmm.iO 153 V- L ! V \ J- g U "~l V -V 3 ^ O t 154 PEKNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXVI. Continued. ' "You-have hardly been in service a week, and are already half ' worn out. Do you imagine you are a poet ? You-are only a- ' servant, and before you came I-had many like you, some-of the J goose family, and others of English make. I-know a quill pen J as well as I-know a steel one. I have had both sorts in-my ser- jj vice, and I-shall-have many-more when he comes the man who j performs the-mechanical part and writes down what-he obtains J from me. I should like to-know what-will-be the next thing he- gets out of me." t " Ink-pot!" exclaimed the-pen, contemptuously. ii Late in-the evening the-poet came home. He had-been to a ' concert and-had been quite enchanted with the admirable perform- j ance of a famous violin player whom he had heard there. The- \ performer had produced from-his instrument a-richness of-tone | that sometimes sounded like tinkling water-drops or rolling 1 pearls ; sometimes like the-birds twittering in chorus, and-then i rising and swelling in sound like the-wind through the-fir-trees. (j The poet felt as-if his-own heart was weeping, but in-tones of melody, like the-sound of-a woman's voice. It seemed not-only the-strings, but every part of-the instrument from-which these sounds were produced. It-was a-wonderful performance and-a difficult piece, and yet the-bow seemed to-glide across the-strings so easily that it-was as if any -one could-do it who tried. Even the-violin and the bow appeared to- perform independently of -their master who guided them ; it was as if soul and spirit had been breathed into-the instrument, so the audience forgot the performer in-the beautiful sounds he produced. Not-so the-poet ; he remem- READING EXERCISE XXV. Continued. 155 j PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY S ' V - 7 !2- - c; \ ^r> \ \ 156 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXVI. Continued. bered him and named him and wrote-down his thoughts on-the subject. " How foolish it- would-be for-the violin and-the bow to- boast of their performance, and yet we men often commit that folly. The-poet, the artist, the man of science in-his laboratory, the general we all-do it ; and yet we-are only the instruments- which the Almighty uses ; to-Him alone the honor is due. We have nothing of ourselves of which we should be proud ." Yes, this-is what the-poet wrote down. He-wrote it in-the form of a parable, and called it " The-Master and the Instruments." " That-is-what you-have got, Madam," said the-pen to the ink- stand, when the two were alone again. " Did you hear-him read aloud what-I-had written down? " "Yes, what I-gave you to-write," retorted the inkstand. "That was a cut at-you because-of-your conceit. To-think-that you-could-not understand that you-were being quizzed. 1 gave you a cut from within me. Surely I-must-know my own satire." "Ink-pitcher! " cried the pen. " Writing stick !" retorted the inkstand. And each of them felt satisfied that-he-had given a-good answer. It is pleasing to be convinced that you-have settled a-matter by your-reply ; it-is something to-make you-sleep well ; and-they both slept upon it. But-the poet did-not sleep. Thoughts rose up within him like the-tones of-the violin, falling like pearls or rushing like the- strong wind through the-forest. He understood his own heart in-these thoughts ; they -were as-a ray from-the mind of-the Great Master of -all minds. "To Him be all the honor." PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 157 jftEADING I S _//^ P * O A-V-^ ^ Selections. > \ x \>^.0t-, -4 (T~ ^ > r^Nl /' /J ^^ /5 \j / v^^^- ^ ^ /- / ^^i^-^c;^ ^^Y x> ) ., U} ^ . \ o I J \ " fo _G > J C !f _ ] 160 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY WRITING EXERCISE XXXVII. Continvrt. can rejoice securely but he who hath the testimony of a good con- science within. Weak minded and inconstant people often say, " See what a happy life that man leadeth ! how rich he is, how great, how powerful and exalted ! " But take heed to heavenly riches, and thou wilt see that all these temporal ones are nothing ; yea, most uncertain, and rather a heavy burden, since they never are possessed without solicitude and fear. By two wings is man lifted above earthly things, viz : by simplicity and purity. Simplicity must be in the intention, purity in the affection. A pure heart penetrates Heaven and Hell. Have a good conscience and thou shalt always have joy. Never rejoice except when thou hast done well. Great tranquillity of heart hath he who careth neither for praise nor blame. Basil v will he be content and at peace whose conscience is undefiled. What thou art, that thou art ; nor canst thou be said to be greater than God seeth thee to be. Man looketh into the face, but God seeth into the heart. Dispose and order all things according as thou wilt, and as it seems best to thee, and thou wilt still find something to suffer, either willingly or unwillingly ; and so thou shalt always find the cross. Suffer me not to judge according to the sight of the outward eyes, nor to give sentence according to the hearing o r the ears of ignorant men ; but to determine upon matters both visible and PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGKAPHT. 161 i WRITING EXERCISE XXXVII. Continued. \ spiritual with true judgment ; and, above all things, ever no seek Thy good will and pleasure. When we have read and searched all things, let it be the final j conclusion that through many tribulations we must enter into the j Kingdom of God. All things pass away and thou, too, along with them. See to it i I how it stands with thee in the next life. Man to-day is, and ' to-morrow is seen no more. Thomas d-Kcmpti, WRITING EXERCISE XXXVItt DICKENS AS A SHORTHAND WBITEB. I did not allow my resolution ^vith respect to Parliamentary , Debates to cool. It was one of the irons I began to heat imme- ! I diately, and one of the irons I kept hot and hammered at with a i perseverance I may honestly admire. I bought an approved ' scheme of the noble art and mystery of Stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence), and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me in a few weeks to the confines of distraction. The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position meant something else entirely different, the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles, the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs, the tremendous effects of a curve in the wrong place, not only troubled my waking hours but reappeared before me in my sleep. When I groped my way blindly through these difficulties, and had mastered the alphabet, which was an Egyp- f- _* 162 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXVIII. Continued. \ I tian temple in itself, there then appeared a procession of new I J horrors called arbitrary characters, the most despotic characters I t \ have ever known, who insisted, for instance, that a thing like \ the beginning of a cobweb meant expectation, and that a pen and \ ink sky-rocket stood for disadvantageous. When I had fixed I these articles in my mind, I found that they had driven everything | else out of it ; then, beginning again, I forgot them ; while pick { ing them up I dropped the other fragments of the system ; in I | short, it was almost heart-breaking. I It might have been quite heart breaking but for Dora, who was i the stay and the anchor of my tempest driven bark. Every { scratch in the scheme was a gnarled oak in the forest of difficulty, and I went on cutting them down one after the other with such vigor that in three or four months I was in a condition to make an experiment on one of our crack speakers in the Commons. Shall I ever forget how the crack speaker walked off from me before I began, and left my imbecile pencil staggering about the paper as if it were in a fit ? This would not do, it was quite clear. I was flying too high and should not get on so. I resorted to Traddles for advice, who suggested that he should dictate speeches to me, at a pace and with occasional stoppages adapted to my weakness. Very grateful for this friendly aid, I accepted the proposal, and night after night, almost every night and for a long time, we had a sort of a private Parliament in Buckingham Street, after I came home from the Doctor's. ^ should like to see such a Parliament anywhere else. My aunt i and Mr. Dick represented the Government or the Opposition (as PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 163 i WRITING EXERCISE XXXVIII. Continued, \ the case might be), and Traddles, with the assistance of ;< Enfield's Speaker," or a volume of parliamentary orations, thundered astonishing invectives against them. Standing by the table, with his finger in the page to keep the place, and his right arm flour- ishing above his head, Traddles as Mr. Pitt, Mr. Fox, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Burke, Lord Castlereagh, Viscount Sidmouth, or Mr. Canning, would work himself into the most violent heats, and delivered the most withering denunciations of the profligacy and corruption of my aunt and Mr. Dick, while I used to sit at a little distance with my note-book on my knee, fagging after him with all my might and main. The inconsistency and recklessness of Traddles was not to be exceeded by any real politician. He was for any description of policy within the compass of a week, and nailed all sorts of colors to every denomination of mast. My aunt, looking very like an immovable Chancellor of the Exchequer, would occasionally throw in an interruption or two, as "Hear!" or "No 1" or ' ' Oh ! " when the text seemed to require it, which was always a signal to Mr. Dick (a perfect country gentleman), to follow lustily with the same cry. But Mr. Dick got taxed with such things in the course of his Parliamentary career, and was made responsible for such awful consequences, that he became uncomfortable in his mind sometimes. I believe he actually began to be afraid he really had been doing something tending to the annihilation of the British constitution and the ruin of the country. Often and often we pursued these debates until the clock pointed to midnight and the candles were burning low. The result of so AtHHM|MMBMMWgBMl*!MMeaWWMMnrKlWWWWiMMMmmMdtaH>MMNM 164 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXVIII. Continued. much good practice was that by-and-by I began to keep pace with Traddles pretty well, and should have been quite triumphant if I had the least idea what my notes were about But as to reading them after I got them, I might as well have copied the Chinese inscriptions on an immense collection of tea-chests or the golden characters on all the great red and green bottles in the chemists' shops. There was nothing for it but to turn back and begin all over again. It was very hard, but I turned back, though with a heavy heart, and began laboriously and methodically to plod over the same tedious ground at a snail's pace ; stopping to examine minutely every speck in the way on all sides, and making the most desperate efforts to know these elusive characters by sight wherever I met them. I was always punctual at the office ; at the Doctor's too ; and I really did work, as the common expression is, like a cart-horse. David Copperfield. WRITING EXERCISE XXXIX. THE VILLAGE BELL. High up in the tower of the old moss-covered church, which the winds and storms of many years have beaten against, hangs the village bell. How many times it has been rung in merriment and rejoicing, in sadness and mourning! And yet it is as faithful as if it had not stood sentinel over the little country town for half a century. Fifty years! How long, and yet how short! In that time the little churchyard has been filled. The sleepers listened to the PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 165 WRITING EXERCISE XXXIX. Continued. sound of the old bell in the days that are gone ; and when they passed away it tolled sadly and solemnly, as they were carried lovingly, regretfully through the old gate-way, and silently laid down to their calm, sweet rest. What a long, undisturbed rest it is! They hear not the tones of the old bell as it tells that still another is being brought out to sleep with them, under the green mounds that mark their resting- place. Is it sounding an invitation from those already there, say- ing with its hollow voice, "Come, rest with us?" Is it sending up to the Great White Throne a deep-toned, agonized prayer for those who stand weeping by the open grave, supplicating "God -help-us ? " Is it the voice of the departed calling from the other shore, " Come home ? " Which Is it ? Who can tell ? We all know its solemn tolling sends a sorrowful thrill to our hearts. Are we laughing ? The laugh goes out on our lips at the thought of the anguished father, or mother, or sister, or brother the lonely-hearted, desolate husband or wife. God help them at such a time ! It may be that He sends such terrible dispensations to show us how infinite is His power. As we listen we cannot help thinking in our hearts, and the words form themselves slowly with each deep sound of the old bell, " Will it be my turn next ? " Sometimes its tones seem almost human, so readily do we assimilate them with our own emotions. It is a calm, beautiful morning a lovely, sunshiny Sabbath morning and our hearts are filled with solemn gratitude to the Great Giver. It is inviting us to come and worship. We fancy ' its loud, regular double strokes say, " Praise God ! praise God !" ~ 166 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XXXIX. Continued. its tones seem to be inspired with the sacredness of its holy mis- sion. It is evening ; and just while twilight is stealing over us the bell's mellow tones come floating down and thrill through our hearts, wandering in and out, till they grow faint and low, like the sweet, soft music of an JEolian harp. How merrily it is ringing a welcome to the happy young bride and bridegroom ! They are just coming up the aisle, the admired of all the simple, honest villagers assembled to witness their joy. His frank, manly face is bent down above her, and her eyes are raised trustfully to his. What a perfect shower of music the bell is making! What a glad, joyous ring ! The day fades away. It is night, and then day again. Hark ! what sound is that ? What has so changed the tones of the old bell ? Last night it was ringing in loud rejoicing ; to-day it is slowly tolling, tolling, like great, deep, half-suppressed sobs. What a dreary sadness steals over us as we listen to its muffled sound ! Another friend has passed away. The form, lately sc full of life and gaiety, is now cold and still in death ; and now, in the beautiful spring-time, the setting sun casts a golden, warm and mellow light on the heavy sod that covers her breast, and the vil- lagers sorrowfully mourn a loved one. Every inhabitant of the village will tell you what the old bell is to him. Every peal awakens a responsive heartbeat in our breasts, for the events of half a century are sweetened by hal- lowed memories. Anonymous. .. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 167 READING EXERCISE XXVII Declaration of Independence. V / \ J J 7 'L U l u 168 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XL. DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE. When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which in.pel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident : That all men are cre- ated equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pur- suit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the con- sent of the governed : that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves, by abolishing the forms to which they are accus- tomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pur- suing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their PERNIN'B UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. 169 READING EXERCISE XXVII-Conttnwed. ^ \. * ~S?^_ i\ 4 ^ > >\ ~i -V <-^ L*/l ?, " ^ 170 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XL. Continued. future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world : He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legis- lature a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of the public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into complying with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exer- PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 171 READING EXERCISE XXVIl-Continued. v Vg c o - \ I- V * 172 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XL. Continued. cise, the state remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all thf dangers of invasion from without and convulsions from within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States : for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalization of for- eigners ; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice by refusing hi? assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenur* of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hithe* swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their sufr stance. He has kept among us in times of peace, standing armies, with out the consent of our legislatures. He has effected to render the military independent of, anrf superior to, the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws' giving his assent to their pretended acts of legislation : For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them by a mock trial from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States . For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY 173 v. READING EXERCISE X2VII- Continued. \ S I ^>\ V b HX J V _O \ 5 /o (A \ NA. ~~ N ^ \JD 6 x X i 174 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. WRITING EXERCISE XL. Continued. I For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended i offenses : * \ For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring J province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and j enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example j and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into j these colonies I For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable I i laws, and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our government : \ For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves i invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. j He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his i protection, and waging war against us. I 5 He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our [ towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. I He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mer- < cenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny I l already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely i paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by thei" hands. He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions, PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 175 i WRITING EXERCISE XL. Continued. \ In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for j been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose char- i acter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is ! unfit to be the ruler of a free people Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. ' We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their ' legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We j have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and t settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and i magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our i I common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would ( inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, \ too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. ' We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces ' our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, j I enemies in war, in peace friends. I We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the i I Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, i I do, in thfe name and by the authority of the good people of these j colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies \ are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States ; that ' they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crovn, and | i that all political connection between them and the State of Great J Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and that, as free i and independent states, they have full power to levy war, con- I PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. \ \ WRITING EXERCISE XL. Continued ' elude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and do all { \ And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on t t the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each t other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. SPECIMEN OF LAW REPORTING. \ PORTION OP TESTIMONY GIVEN IN A PATENT CASE. I NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, ) County of Seneca. f ' Deposition taken at Seneca Falls, Seneca County, in said dis- trict, on the 9th of August, 1876, at Hoag's Hotel. Present ; W. W. LEGGETT, of counsel for complainants. E. W. PAIGE, of counsel for defendants. Mr. E. W. Paige, on part of defendants, introduced, by con- sent of counsel for complainants, the testimony of Jacob Bachman, from the printed Ohio records, in the case of John C. Birdsall against Angus McDonald and others, pages 246 to 250 inclusive. Jacob Bachman, being duly sworn, says ; Q. Are you the same Jacob Bachman whose deposition has just been read ? A. Yes, sir. Q. In your answer to Question 11 in that deposition, you stated that you saw Mr. Feazler operating his combined machine at Mr. Hoster's barn, in Fayette, and you thought it was in 1857. Can you now fix that date exactly ? A. To the best of my knowledge, it was In 1856. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 177 i . READING EXERCISE XXVIII- Testimony in Patent Case. t \ \ V !< V ^i -' / ^ b' C-'.^Lr'"// J ' / / ^ , ( *- > C -o 178 PERis 7 iN's UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY Q, At what time in the year of 1856 ? A. I think in December. Q. State how you know it was in 1856 ? A. I moved from Clifton 'Springs back to Fayette in the fall of 1856. and Mr. Feazler had built his machine that summer. I was somewhat anxious to see it work. I went there to see it. Q. Where did you live before you went to live at Clifton Springs ? A. I lived in the town of Fayette. Q. When did you move to Clifton Springs ? A. In the spring of 1855. Q. Where did you live after you left Clifton Springs ? A. I lived in the town of Fayette. Q. And when you moved from Clifton Springs you saw the machine working as described ? A. Yes, sir. Q. What was the machine threshing on that occasion ? A. Clover. Q. How well did it do it ? A. Very well. Q. Have you known anything of the history of this machine since that time ? A. I have as a wheat thresher only. Q. Have you known of its use as a clover thresher since that time ? A. By hearsay only Cross-examined by Counsel for complainants: Q. Since you saw that machine at work in Hosier's barn, have you seen it thresh or hull clover ? A. I could not say positively I have, but I think I have; I cannot give the place. Q. NOT the time ? A. No, sir ; I couldn't say the time. Q, And at the time you saw it at work in Hosier's barn it -was threshing clover seed, was it ? A. Yes, sir. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY, READING EXERCISE XXVHI -Continued. C -X r/ / . \ <\ V t r J 180 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. Q. Are you sure it was not doing something else ? A, Yes, I am sure it was not doing anything else. Q. You swear positively, then, do ^ou, that it was doing noth- ing else but threshing clover seed ? A. Yes, sir, and hulling it at the same time. Q. Then it was doing something more than threshing? A. Threshing and hulling and cleaning. Q. Please state if you know how clover was gathered at that time preparatory to being threshed or hulled ? A. Generally cut by a reaper machine, and drawn in by wagon and put into barn. Q. When you gave your testimony in the Ohio cases, who asked you to give your testimony ? A. Mr. Corwin, here in town, came up after me. Q. Did Mr. George Westinghouse call upon you for that pur- pose at that time, or at any time prior to giving your testimony ? A. No, sir ; I never saw the man to my knowledge in my life until after I was subpenaed. Q. Did you, after you were subpenaed and before testifying, converse with him in relation to the Feazler machine and what you knew about it ? A. Very little, sir, if anything ; I couldn't say that we had any conversation relative to the case before testi- fying. Q. Since testifying in the Ohio cases have you conversed with Mr. George Westinghouse relative to the said date of seeing the Peazler machine at work ? A. No, sir, I think not. Q. Do I understand you to mean that you have not ? A. I have not seen the man since the trial at Rochester before to-day. Q. What caused you to change your mind as to the time you PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 181 saw the Feazler machine work. State fully. A. It was either in Decembei. 1856, I think I said at the other trial, or in January, 1857 ; I do not think I have changed my mind as to the date. Q. Then your former testimony was correct ? A. I believe so ; yes, sir. Q I understand you that after you moved to Fayette you saw the Feazler machine at work in Hester's barn ; about how long after you moved to Fayette was it that you went to see the machine ? A. I couldn't say positively, sir; probably three months. Q. Do you recollect the month when you went to Fayette ? A. It was in October, the first part of it. Re-direct by Mr. Paige, counsel for defendants : Q. Have you now any doubt of the time when you saw that machine work, as you described it ? A. No, sir. Q. When was it ? A. It was either in the month of December, 1856, or in the first part of 1857, in January. Q. How long is the straw when clover is cut by a reaper machine ? A. That depends upon clover ; if cut close to ground, pretty much the whole length of the clover. Ee-cross-examined : Q. Did you pay particular attention at the time you saw the Feazler machine working to see how long the straw was ? A. I did cot measure any of it ; it was of the usual length raised on that farm. Q. Will you say positively that it was two inches long on an average, or will you swear positively that it would average any other length ? A. My best judgment would be that it would average from twelve to fifteen inches. j| 182 PEBNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. FRAGMENT OF A TRIAL. Joseph Cook, cross-examined by Mr. Speed : Q. When were you appointed Inspector ? A. In 1877. Q. When were these rules adopted ? A. I don't know exactly. I can tell by looking at our proceedings. Q. Were you present at their adoption ? A. No, sir. MR. SPEED Then I object on the ground that Mr. Cook was not present i.t their adoption you know personally nothing about their adoption, do you ? A. No, sir. COURT Do you know who adopted those rules ? A. They were adopted by the Board of Supervising Inspectors of steam vessels, at the city of Washington. Q. Were you a member of that board ? A. Not at that time. Q. You are now, are you ? A. Yes, sir. Q Flow did you get possession of those rules ? A. They were sent me by the Treasury Department. They are printed from year to year as amendments may be- made to them. Q. They purport to be printed by authority of the Government ? MR. SPEED No, sir ; they are marked and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury and printed at the Government printing office ; that is all. COURT Have you any further questions to ask, Mr. Russell ? MR. RUSSELL No, your honor. COURT Were these sent to you for your official guidance by the Treasury Department ? A. Yes, sir. MR. BUSSELL Are they in force now and in actual use upon the lakes ? A. Yes, sir. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. 183 Q. And have been ever since you have been in office ? A. They were changed in some parts. Q. Were they in force on the 22d of July ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Were they in use on the lakes on the 22d of last July ? A. Yes, sir. Objected to. Q. Were they hi actual use and posted up in every steam vessel on the lakes, to your knowledge ? A. They were supposed to be. Q. You are Supervising Inspector of the District in which the Detroit river is located ? A. Yes, sir. Q. State whether so far as in you lay you enforced the law at that time, that these rules should be set up in every steamboat ? A. We endeavored to. We have generally distributed two copies of the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors in regard to lakes and seaboard, to every master of a vessel sailing out of this port. They sometimes neglect to put them up ; sometimes they are lost or destroyed. But we endeavor to have two copies aboard of each boat. Q. State whether they are printed on a large sheet of paper, with a wooden frame covered with a glass front and put in a con- spicuous place in each steamboat ? A. No, sir ; the law does not specify that they must put them under glass. But it has been the custom of smaller boats to put those printed rules up, and they sometimes just tack a piece of wood as a frame all around it and it is set up in the pilot house. Q. Well, we will not stand on the glass, if it is there. A. The law does not specify that it shall be under glass. 184 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. : j COURT The law specifies that it must be put up in a conspicu- ous place ? A. Yes, sir. Q. And those were the rules which it was your duty to dis- tribute last season ? A. It is not exactly my duty, but it is my duty to see that they are distributed ; the local Inspectors do that. Q. Were those rules the rules which governed you officially at the time of the collision between the Garland and the Mamie ? A. Yes, sir. Q. You investigated it afterwards ? A. No, sir ; the local Inspectors. Q. You remember the event ? A. Yes, sir. Q. And these rules were then in force ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Governing you as well as the local Inspectors and the steam- boat people ? A. Yes, sir. MR. SPEED Are the notes in fine type considered any part of the rules ? A. No, sir ; they are simply explanatory of the rules. Q. They are not part of the rules ? A. No, sir ; they are explanatory of the rules, however. Q. Are those the rules that are applicable to the lakes those rules for western rivers ? A. Western rivers are rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. Q. And do not apply to Detroit river at all ? A. Do not apply to Detroit river. COURT Does anyone else desire to object to the rules ? MR. MOORE We do not. I MR. SPEED I have made an objection. COURT Rule three will be admitted, giving Mr. Speed an \ exception. J PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 185 i . _ { Now, is there anything you wish to put in, m connection with J it ? You said, Mr. Canfield, there might be something that you- f would wish to put in as bearing upon it. i MR. CANFIELD No, your honor. MR. RUSSELL So far as I am concerned I am entirely willing t that all the rules and laws and statutes in the world in reference j to navigation of vessels may go in. I use that in a figurative ]. sense ; I mean all that these gentlemen want to see. { COURT Mr. Canfield, you can look them over, and if there is f anything you wish to offer bearing upon the subject, it will be J admitted. And thereupon the plaintiff rested his case. MR. SPEED Your honor, I desire to renew the motion I made j yesterday. COURT Do you mean in regard to the Garland ? $ MR. SPEED Yes, sir. $ COURT It will be overruled as it was yesterday. MR. SPEED I would suggest this course for the purpose of t your honor considering it, that these gentlemen go on with their I defense. It would be obviously unjust to them that I should put i in part of my defense if your honor should conclude that I should ' not go on. ' MR. CANFIELD I wish to state, for the purpose of explaining \ our views in regard to that, and also for the purpose of saving the i point upon the record, that we shall object to any evidence offered i on the part of the Garland which has any tendency to implicate i the Mamie. The Garland has a plea of the general issue. Your honor will { 186 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. see the danger to the other defendants in allowing the defendants represented by Mr. Speed to go into the general issue, for the pur- pose of proving faults which are not alleged, of which we are not apprised in any way, against the other defendants. It would be equally unfair, may it please your honor, I suggest, and danger- ous to the other defendants, to call upon them to go forward. Their witnesses are in court, I will suppose, and are put upon the stand. Now, all that could be required would be to make the case made by the plaintiff. If your honor shall hold that Mr. Speed's objection is not well taken, and that he must stand his trial here, then these witnesses should have already been sworn, and sworn to another point than what we are now legally bound to meet. I say we shall either be compelled to recall those witnesses, or compelled to go on and try an entirely different case from what is made here ; and therefore we think it is our duty to object to the proceeding in order that we may save our legal rights in the case. After considerable discussion by counsel Mr. Dickinson moves to strike out all the testimony, as not tending to show any respon- sibility of the owners of the Mamie ; as not showing that she was a common carrier, and bound to exercise the degree of diligence required ; that she is not charged as a common carrier ; that it is not shown that she was guilty of any negligence ; and that none of the evidence tends to establish the case made by the declaration. Mr. Dickinson also asks the Court to direct a verdict in favor of the Mamie. In case this request be not granted, and the motion to strike out the testimony be overruled, Mr. Dickinson claims the right to go to the jury upon the testimony already in and before any further testimony shall have been offered. Pending the consideration of the questions raised by counsel the Court adjourns. NEW WORD SIGNS. " 187 [The majority of the following signs are formed by rule given on page 66, Universal Phonography, and by using shorthand forms for abbreviated words. They are for the convenience of the student.] agency O> credit J creditor f X ^ account 2. correepond-ence ^ acquire J custom * customer J < C anxious f defer { deference ) -N advertise-ment , differ-ent-ence ^ acquaint-ed-ance J \ .i anywhere ^ down dollar ,) dollars f acknowledge-ment \^ evening 1 alone 9 follow V begin-begun forenoon V behind I , 1 form \ bequest ) , bequeath ) / fr foremost V beside | i besides J f^, behave ) i behavior ) I? furnish governor \ capital \ capitol ) Y generally -% certain ^-''-v idea t^. citizen | situation j *~ /k ~ indeed ..& f" 188 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 1 { infer > X 5 inference } popular > population j < l v I j inquire } V j inquiry-inquest ) popularity < 1 J impossibility cO-= possibly ) positive ) JU j j J inequality Z, punctuality ^ j irregular J phonography v v? irregularity /, please-ed KIT 4 1 4 1 *4 legislature /^ prefer-enoe I ^ j | little f~ president r^' 4 j i I I literature /"-^ privilege K ^ i literary / principal ) principle ) w ! 4 >4 , promptly ) j \ manufacture-r V ^ promptness ) ^ i^O F t I quality J > / 1 manufactory S quantity f i-> (f j 1 nothing J quart-er Z ./I. i nowhere J. t reply ) replied \ " \ none J railway ^ t + j our O rapid 1 lapidly f -f/ } over <\ rather ? refer ) . ordinary Q ^ reference ) mm-m--w.ia< 9- ^ <*. ,-wtQ PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 189 j return-ed / *~ / *~~ regular-ly-arity / / 2, reverend ) reverence > ^\ revenue ) * respect ) ^ respectfully f < universal | phonography ) _, satisfactorily ) valuable "^1 self ^\ ship-meat O /p some-sum ^ somewhere ^^ sooner v > substitute -^_^ stenographer V telegraph-gram / ^rt telephone /* therefore =-^ threw & uncertain y>~"-x 190 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. TESTIMONIALS. PROM EDUCATORS. After a careful examination of several shorthand* methods, I find that for simplicity, rapidity, and legibility, the Pernin is THE shorthand. My clerk assures me he can. do better work with the Pernin after six weeks' study than he could with the Benn Pitman after one year's use. HON. W. D. MAYFIELD, State Supt. Public Instruction, Columbia, 8. G. Anyone, even without a teacher, can master Pernin's Universal Phonography. It is simple and intensely prac- iticable, and I see no reason why it should not be taught in our public schools, particularly in all High Schools, as some knowledge of Phonography is now a necessity to all educa- ted young men and women. The Pernin has my full en- dorsement, and I wish it a large circulation. Louis N. B. ANDERSON, State Supt. Public Instruction, Boise City, Idaho. I will recommend the adoption of Pernin's Universal Phonography. PLACIDE SANDOVAL, Territorial Supt. Public Instruction, Sante Fe, N. M. I have been a practical stenographer and shorthand teacher for a number of years, and consequently think I know something of the subject. My first experience in the stenographic line was with the Graham system, which I was finally persuaded to discard. I then adopted the Pernin, which I have since used in nearly every line in which shorthand is practiced. It can be written with the -. _____ _______-__. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 191 greatest speed possible to any system. During the winter of 1897 I reported and published the entire course of medi- cal lectures delivered at the Long Island College Hospital of (this city. Medical work is the most difficult of all; my notes, however, were as easy to read as ordinary print. There is more science and less memoriter work with the Pernin system than any other I have yet been able to dis- cover. As Instructor in the Boys' High School of this city, I can speak from the teacher's standpoint. During the two years the Pernin has been used in the Public High School of Brooklyn, we have placed in paying positions more of our Pernin graduates than all of the public schools of New York and Brooklyn teaching Pitman have placed in the fifteen years that method has been taught. The truth is, the Pitman never has been, and cannot be, successfully taught in any public school. It is too long and too difficult for the public school pupil to acquire, hence the failure to attain practical results in any institution where the Pit- man, or Pitmanic systems are used. The Pernin is simple, purely scientific, and comparatively easy to learn. For all purposes I consider the Pernin the most practicable, the most readily acquired, the most easily learned and the most rapid system before the public. If you want the only sys- tem suitable for public school work, ADOPT THK PERNIN. PROF. P. B. GIBSON, Shorthand Instructor Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. After using the Benn Pitman system of shorthand in our school for nearly ten years, and after giving the Pernin system of shorthand a thorough and impartial trial, we are convinced at this writing that the Pernin system is bet- ter adapted to meet the practical requirements of the stu- dent than the Benn Pitman, or any other Pitmanic system. We find that our pupils can take dictation at 100 to 125 words per minute, after three months' time, and we find 6 also that they have the advantage of being able to read 192 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. their notes rapidly and readily. The system is, in our opinion, all that is claimed for it, being legible, and easily learned, capable of producing as high rate of speed as any system on the market. Experience teaches us that the speed of the stenographer depends very much upon the make-up of the individual, as does machine speed. We have trebled the number of our shorthand students since introducing the Pernin system of shorthand, and can truth- fully say that we are satisfied with the results. PROF. B. B. JOXES, Pres. Lexington Bus. Coll., Lexington, Ky. The Pernin Shorthand has been in use in this institu- tion for the past four years. I am so well pleased with it .that I would not for any consideration see it replaced by any other. It is short and easy to teach, legible and rapid. The progress achieved by our pupils surpasses all our ex- pectations. No other system now known could give such satisfaction in the time we have at our disposal, and afford practical results. PROF. F. X. P. DEMERS, Principal, Academic Commerciale, Montreal, P. Q. Our entire class is very enthusiastic over the study of the Pernin Shorthand, and are now using it for note taking after eight weeks' practice in connection with their daily work. I consider the Pernin very simple, and preferable to any other shorthand for High School use. PROF. S. S. PURDY, Supt. High School, Saginaw, Mich., E. 8. After a careful study of the Pernin Shorthand, it gives me pleasure to testify to its merits. It embraces all the essentials of practicability, viz.: simplicity, legibility, and rapidity. After studying other systems, it is astonishing with what remarkable ease it can be acquired and the PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 193 I amount of speed that can be attained in a short time. Our * students are delighted with it. PKOF. C. M. LESHEB, Shorthand Instructor, High School, Carbondale, Pa, I have been a teacher and writer of the Pitman system for 15 years; have examined a number of systems previous to and after I had adopted the Pernin, but found none that could consistently compare with the Pernin in simplicity, rapidity, legibility, and briefness of outline. One fact alone that should induce any one to learn the Pernin instead of any other is that four out of every five who have studied it under my instructions have succeeded, while it was hard work to turn out one out of five in the Pitman. I consider it (Pernin), without exception, to be the best system of shorthand ever invented. PROF. H. O. BERNHARDT, Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. During the number of years that we have taught ; the Pernin system of shorthand in our school there has been a great and constantly growing demand upon us for competent stenographers. That demand we have supplied, and are now supplying with young people who remain with us but three months. As a result our students are found in all the leading offices in the city, doing as much work and as well as it can be done with any system. The record of these young people speaks volumes in favor of the Pernin. PROF. P. HAMMEL, Prin. Hammel's Bus. College, Akron, Ohio. For twenty years I was a professional teacher and super- intendent in the public schools of Indiana, and for the last four years I have been teaching, privately, the Pernin Phonography, in this city. From this experience, I am positive that the Pernin Shorthand can be successfully and 194 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. easily taught in the public schools. Its introduction would { prove a great blessing to those who toil, the class for whom \ the public schools are provided. PROF. JOHX R. WEATHERS, Pension Office, Washington, D. C. I Not one of our pupils who has taken up the study of the Pernin Shorthand has failed. A graduate of last year is doing court reporting with every success, and is said to be the best reporter in the city. Other graduates in various places are doing equally well. S. H. PICKERELL, Teacher of Shorthand, High School, Petersburg, Va. In my judgment the Pernin is far superior to any of the old systems. As to its practical use, I know whereof I speak, and can say that as good work as any I ever saw is done by this system, both reporting and amanuensis. We have a boy now in school twelve years old who writes 125 words per minute, and some of our graduates write 140 on difficult new matter. PROF. J. W. GILES, President Stuart Normal College, Lynchburg, Va. Regarding my opinion of the Pernin Phonography, would say that I believe it to be superior to all other systems, tak- ing everything into consideration. We have used it in our institution with very satisfactory results. PROF. B. A. DAVIS, Prop. Virginia Bus. College, Richmond, Va. I give your system my unqualified endorsement and con- sider it the best I have seen. I have spoken of its merits to as many of our teachers as I could, and will continue to exhibit your book to teachers during my annual tour of inspection. PROF. WM. M. DAVIS, County Supt., Lost River, W. Va. G PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 195 I am greatly pleased with the simplicity and brevity of your shorthand system. As soon as I have a little leisure I will endeavor to master it and have my children learn it. PROF. A. A. SCPPIXGER, County Supt., Edwardsville, III. I studied Munson's system a year and could not write as well as I could in yours after one month's study. I studied Munson's, Isaac Pitman's, Benn Pitman's and, when I got your book, I had been trying to learn the Burnz method for nearly a year. My children could not get ajiy start in Burnz, but are doing finely in your system. I do not see how your method could be bettered; no position, no shading, no dis- connected vowels, at the same time combining the highest degree of brevity and legibility. I have been a teacher for twenty-five years and unhesitatingly say that your method excels all others. A. M. BENNETT, West Spring Greek, Pa. Your system is O. K. We would not change for any Pitman modification. Business men all compliment our graduates. PROF. C. E. BECK, Prin. Comm. College, Piqua, 0. Twelve years ago we introduced into our college the Pernin Universal Phonography and with each succeeding year become more and more pronounced in its favor. Side by side with it have been taught different branches of Pit- manic shorthand, and in every instance the Pernin has been found superior. In our opinion, its greatest point of superiority is that it can be read like print, while with the other systems the errors are oftentimes ludicrous in the extreme. That it is admirably adapted to every sphere of stenographic work, is best evidenced by the fact that it is 196 PKRNIN'S UNIVEBSAL PHONOGRAPHY. used with signal success, not only in amanuensis work, but in both the lower and higher Courts of our Western States. "We believe, therefore, that our experience justifies us in making the assertion that the Pernin is ~by far the best system of shorthand extant. H. T. ENGLEHORN, M. A., Prop. Helena Business College, Helena, Mont. My experience with the Pernin Phonography, in the capacity of teacher, amanuensis and reporter, has satisfied me that it is equal to every requirement incident to the varied uses to be made of shorthand, and I unhesitatingly recommend it to prospective students of stenography as preferable to other systems of shorthand of which I have knowledge. J. W. COOK, M. A., M. S., Prin. Danville Comm. College, Danville, Fa. The Pernin system of stenography has been in use among us for the past two years, and we find that an eight weeks' course, with an average application of three hours per day, has enabled several of our students to gain a thor- ough knowledge of it. Its methods are clear and concise. Apart from these excellent points in your book, we highly appreciate its tone of morality and the elevating thoughts contained in the context. SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE, St. John's Academy, Indianapolis, Ind. About one year ago we introduced the Pernin system into our schools. Our pupils acquire it with rapidity. Its legibility, rapidity and ease of mastering, places it in the lead of all other systems. We, therefore, earnestly recom- mend it to all desiring to learn the simplest, the most prac- tical and best system of shorthand. Wishing the Pernin Phonography the success it so fully deserves, we are, SISTERS OF ST. BENEDICT, Uniontown, Washington. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 197 We are pleased to say that the Pernin Phonography has been taught in this academy since October, 1891. Pupils and teachers express entire satisfaction with the system. SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE, St> Augustine's Academy, Fort Wayne, Two years ago we introduced the Pernin system of short- hand into our schools, and we take pleasure in stating that it has given the very best satisfaction in every respect. Our pupils acquire it with ease and read notes readily with little practice. SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE, St. Mary's of the Woods, Vigo Go., Ind. We can say without hesitation, that for simplicity, and consequent facility of acquisition, the Pernin is incompar- ably superior to the several systems which we have tested practically or examined; all of which are more or less com- plicated by shading, position and the use of arbitrary char- acters. The ages of the pupils range from 14 to 18. The study of phonography, in itself attractive, is rendered still more interesting from the ease with which it is learned by your system. SISTERS OF CHABITT, St. Joseph's Academy, Emmitsburg, M&. FROM COURT AND RAILROAD REPORTERS. I acquired a knowledge of the Pernin shorthand system in two months that enabled me to do regular office work. I continued that work for nearly a year when I was ap- pointed to the office of court stenographer for the judicial district in which I live. Since that time your shorthand has stood me in good stead. One great point in favor of the Pernin Phonography is the ease with which it can be 198 PEKNIN'S UNIVEKSAL PHONOGRAPHY. read. This, in court work, is an indispensable condition of success. I may add that I write entirely with my left hand, and-that it serves me as well as a "strong right arm." TlLLIE ROSEXBAUII, Missoula, Mont., Official Stenographer Fourth Judicial District of Montana. I have used the Pernin shorthand with great satisfaction and success in law offices and court reporting. I have found no trouble in taking testimony, or in reading my notes months after they were written. D. R. ASBUBY, Bozeman, Mont., Official Stenographer Ninth District, Montana. In regard to the speed I have attained by your system, permit me to say (though in no boasting spirit) that I have, under stop watch and with experts to judge, made a record of 222 for five consecutive minutes on new matter, my notes being legible enough to be read by another mem- ber of the shorthand fraternity. THOMAS R. GRESS, Investigation Reporter E. T. V. rf- Ga. Ry., Atlanta, Oa. Mr. W. P. Williams, whom I mentioned in a former let- ter as being a ^ourt reporter in Texas, while studying under me, attained a speed of 225 words per minute, and I hear from a friend of his that he greatly increased this already high rate of speed after leaving me. In him you have a staunch and enthusiastic advocate of the Pernin shorthand. JOHN LEWIS, Sewanee, Tenn. (Mr. Williams is at present reporter on the Int. & G. N. Investigation, Fort Worth, Texas.) PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 199 I have used the Pernin system for some time for aman- uensis, court work, etc., with results highly creditable to the system and gratifying to myself. I have examined most of the shorthand systems now before the public, but for rapidity, simplicity and legibility, would recommend yours in preference to all others. It is so simple that any one of ordinary ability can master it in a short time. HOWARD THOMPSON, Attorney, Seneca, Kansas. I cannot say too much in praise of the Pernin short- hand. When I returned home after being at your school in Detroit for less than three months, I used it in doing regu- lar court work without the least trouble in the world. The lawyers were greatly surprised at my work in comparison with what other stenographers had done. LAURA SMITH PIATT, Miles City, Mont. For court reporting the Pernin has no equal. It em- .ploys neither shading nor position to detract from speed, and even when written at a very high rate of speed, I find that it retains its legibility to a marked degree. I unhesi- tatingly recommend the Pernin to all. G. F. WYVELL, Morris, Minn., Official Court Reporter. Sixteenth Judicial District. (Mr. Wyvell held this position before he was 19 years old, earning $2,000 a year.) My personal experience with it convinces me that the Pernin Shorthand meets every requirement for rapid work. I have taken testimony of all sorts of people and at varying Tates of speed in customs investigations and other govern- ment work, and have "gotten it all down." The character- istic legibility of the system unfailingly aided me when I came to "writing it out." COL. NAT L. MARKS, Dep. Col. of Customs and Ex-Pres. N. 0. Sten. Assoc'n, New Orleans, La. 200 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. FROM STENOGRAPHERS Selected for a Government Position Out of 480 Applicants. The entire time I spent in learning the Pernin short- hand would average less than three months, at the end of which I wrote 150 words per minute. I immediately en- tered the office of Messrs. Wheeler, McKnight & Grant, at- torneys, at Saginaw, Mich., where I remained for four years, giving perfect satisfaction. I am now working side by side and drawing the same salary as writers of other systems who have studied so many years instead of months. I have used the Pernin system in taking testimony, lec- tures, and in all kinds of office work, and find it entirely adequate. For simplicity, and the ease with which it can be read, the system is unequaled. CARRIE A. KING, Sten. Office of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C. (Miss King was selected for this position out of 480 ap- plicants. Her salary to begin with was $900 a year.) I have often taken dictation in the Pernin system at the rate of 150 words per minute, and will say that I am very well satisfied with my present position in the Patent Office, at Washington. ALICE SIMMONS, (Formerly Stenog. for D. M. Ferry Seed House, Detroit.) (Miss Simmons' salary is $1,000 a year.) Wrote 1OO Words Per Minute After Three Months' Mail Instruction. I desire to say to those intending to take up the study of shorthand that I have acquired the Pernin system through a course of lessons by mail in three months, writ- ing 100 words per minute, and have used it practically for some time. I am more than pleased with the careful cor- rections of my lessons, and the promptness with which PKRNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 201 they were returned to me. In regard to the system it far surpasses any that I have had an opportunity to examine. CHARLES W. STIVERS. Sten. to Congressman F. W. Wheeler, Bay City, Mich. Enclosed find P. O. order for $6.00, for which you will please send me three copies of the Universal Phonography. I have used the Graham and Pitman methods for years, but I have now discarded the old systems and am using yours, having picked up the principles at odd times from observ- ing our office stenographer. These books are for three young friends of mine who are about to study shorthand. D. HERYEE, Hutchinson, Kan. (A Graham writer for 28 years.) A Self-Taught Beginner Displaces a Pitman Writer of 18 Months' Experience. I have one of the best positions in the State and am giv- ing entire satisfaction. I displaced a Pitman writer of 18 months' experience, who could not read his notes. I have no trouble in that direction whatever and, as you know, I am entirely self-taught. I think this is a strong recom- mendation for the system. GEORGE D. CLOUGH. Dallas, Texas. After two months' study of the Pernin shorthand sys- tem I took my present position, and know that any diligent student can acquire it for practical work in that time. BIENNA BLUCK, Sten. Beatty & Co., Tiffln, Ohio. The Pernin system is certainly the easiest and shortest of all in use. FANNIE C. SHORE, Sten. to Gen. R. A. Alger, Detroit, Mich. M m MWM . M m m mmm MMM ~~-~~~ Q 202 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. One Hundred Words Per Minute in Two Months. I find the Pernin system all you claim it to be and more. After two months' study at the Pernin Institute I acquired a speed of 100 words per minute. I have no trouble in writing from dictation or in reading my notes readily, and I think it is the only shorthand with which one can, with so little expenditure of time and money, realize such a large return. JOSEPHINE LESTER, Sten. to Dr. Palmer. Editor "Medical Age" with Parke. Davis <.( Co., Detroit, Mich. Confident Can Increase Speed to 300 Words Per Minute. Upon the completion of a three months' course at the Pernin Shorthand Institute, Detroit, Mich., I was able to write 252 words per minute on new letter matter and read my notes accurately. Having studied the system about three weeks before entering the Institute, the entire time thus spent was less than four months. I firmly believe that with a little application I can increase this speed to 300 icords per minute. For fast writing, the Pernin is, undoubtedly, the best shorthand in use. I was surprised at the simpleness of the system, after having labored with the Benn Pitman and the Munson; it was from the beginning, a delightful study. To those who have studied the Benn Pitman and Munson the Pernin is as refreshing as the ap- pearance of an inn to a weary traveler. JOHN F. GROWL, JR., Sten. Germain Piano Co., Baginaw, Mich. After a careful investigation of several shorthand sys- tems, I dropped Benn Pitman's which I had been using for over a year, and took up Pernin's. In six weeks I could do better work with Pernin's than with Pitman's after one year's use. I am delighted with it and think there is no comparison between the two. I always recommend it to PERNIN'B UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY, 203 friends asking my opinion of the different methods and it takes but a few words to convince them that Pernin's is the best. It is superior to any other I have seen. S. C. CARTER, Secretary State Board of Education, South Carolina. Learned in One-Third the Time of Others. I am well satisfied with the Pernin system of shorthand and have been very successful in using it in several dif- ferent lines of work. The time required in learning it for practical work is but about one-third that required in learn- ing other systems. I would recommend it to anyone desir- ing a rapid system of shorthand. SIDNEY B. PRATT, Sten. W. S. Miller, Bay City, Mich. (Mr. Pratt attended the Pernin Institute six weeks.) It affords me pleasure to confirm the many laudatory expressions in regard to Pernin's Universal Phonography. I am warranted in saying I "know whereof I speak," having employed this system practically for a number of years, and always found it qualified to fulfil every requirement. As regards simplicity, legibility, brevity and ease of ac- quirement, it stands to-day unquestionably without a peer in the phonographic field. J. A. KELMAN, General Manager Educational Publishing Co., Detroit, Mich., formerly Sten. James E. Davis & Co. (Mr. Kelman wrote 100 words a minute in six weeks, 125 in two months at the Pernin Institute.) A $1,200.00 Position After Twelve Weeks' Study. Mr. W. Dixon, of Florence, S. C., attended the Pernin Institute for three months, after which we placed him with the Beaumont Lumber Company, Beaumont, Texas, at a salary of $1,200.00 a year. He says: "My services here PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. are entirely satisfactory, but I do not attribute this so much to my own efforts as the system I use. I am sure that the move I made in learning the Pernin shorthand was in the right direction and will never be regretted." W. DIXON, Beaumont, Texas. FROM EMPLOYERS. We have pleasure in stating that among the different systems used by stenographers in our office we find yours the best. It has the advantage of being adapted to use by pencil, and we think it more correct and faster than others we have had experience with. Wishing you success with it. BERRY BROS., Detroit, Mich. (Berry Bros, are the largest Varnish Manufacturers in the world.) We take pleasure in informing you that our Pernin stenographer has been with us upwards of six years, giving us entire satisfaction. Although experienced with the Pit- man and Graham, we are inclined to favor the Pernin sys- tem. HENBY C. HART MANUFACTURING Co., Detroit, Mich. We have had in our employ one of your students for some time, and it gives us pleasure to state that we are satisfied in every particular; sufficiently so, that should we at any time require additional help in that branch, we will communicate with you before making any arrangements. EAGLE IRON WORKS, Detroit, Mich. PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL, PHONOGRAPHY. 205 I am pleased to say Mrs. C. T. Mesick, one of your pupils, was stenographer and typewriter in this office for nearly five years, and gave most excellent satisfaction. She was not only quick as stenographer, but rapid in exe- cution on the machine. She is still with us, but has been promoted to the position of cashier and bookkeeper. EDUCATIONAL ENDOWMENT ASS'N, Minneapolis, Minn. (Mrs. Mesick took only three weeks' instruction from the author.) I am glad to be able to inform you that Miss W , who used the Pernin system of shorthand, and whom I had in my office for a number of years, always gave good satis- faction. She seemed to have no difficulty whatever in tak- ing down what was given her and in reading her notes rapidly. F. VOGEL, Car Accountant C. & G-. T. R. R., Detroit, Mich. Replying to your recent inquiry as to our personal ex- perience with our employees who use the Pernin system of shorthand, we are pleased to note that their work is satis- factory in every particular; that they are correct and "speedy" and seem to do their work with little effort. SCHOFIELD BUGGY Co., Ovid, Mich. From personal experience with stenographers, I consider the Pernin system of shorthand perfectly satisfactory in every respect. H. B. SCOTT, MNGB. For Newcomb, Endicott & Co., Detroit, Mich, It gives me pleasure to inform you that the represen- tative of your system in our establishment is one of the most satisfactory experts in phonography we have ever had in our employ. Therefore, we cannot do otherwise than commend your system. J. D. KERGAN, M. D., Med. Dir. I. M. C. Ass'n, Detroit, Mich. 206 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. If all your writers do as good work for their employers as Miss R , we should consider the Pernin system the best in the world. HAZELTINE & PERKINS, Wholesale Druggists, Grand Rapids, Mich. Miss has been in our employ for some time, and we have pleasure in saying that her work has always been satisfactory. D. M. FERRY & Co., Detroit, Mich. Our stenographer, Mr. , who uses your system of shorthand, will take on an average probably 120 words per minute. The system is entirely satisfactory, and his trans- lations are absolutely correct. DELANO & CARLETON, Brokers, Detroit, Mich. In reply to your inquiry as to what our experience has been with your system of shorthand, would say that we have had a Pernin stenographer in our employ for the past six years, and have been entirely satisfied with the work done. PARKER, WEBB & Co., Detroit, Mich. Your system of shorthand has given us absolute satis- faction in every particular. FLOYD & FOSTER, Manufacturers, Detroit, Mich. (Miss M. Foster, their present stenographer, studied shorthand when fourteen years of age.) Our stenographer is giving the best of satisfaction. EX-CONGRESSMAN F. W. WHEELEB, Ship Builder, Bay City, Mich, PKRNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 207 The Pernin system of shorthand gives us complete sat- isfaction. TRAUGOTT SCHMIDT & SONS, Wholesale Furriers, Detroit, Mich. (The stenographer referred to accepted the position af- ter seven weeks' study at the Institute.) The system of shorthand (Pernin) which is used by our Stenographer is perfectly satisfactory to us. BEECHEB, PECK & LEWIS, Wholesale Paper Dealers, Detroit, Mich. We have had in the past ten years an excess of 100 stenographers, using nearly every system of shorthand in vogue. We would say that we have never had as perfect work done by anyone as by our present stenographer with the use of the Pernin method. COONXEY MEDICAL INSTITUTE, Per D. M. Coonley, Pres., Detroit. FROM THE CLERGY. The Pernin system of phonography has been in use in many of our academies and schools. On investigation we find that it has given universal satisfaction; teachers and pupils are unanimous in its praise. RT. REV. JOHN S. FOLEY, Bishop of Detroit. After a careful examination by a competent phonog- rapher, I am able to add my testimony to the many who have written in favor of the Pernin shorthand system. Those who have introduced it into the schools speak warmly in its favor. We hope that those who are engaged in so useful a branch of education may be induced to examine the Pernin system, and its claims will secure its adoption. RT. REV. JAMES McGoLRiCK, Bishop of Duluth, Minn.' I 208 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. As we are trying to provide for our pupils what is best, I shall ask some of our teachers to familiarize themselves with your system, which is the most simple and natural of those published. Wishing you all success, RT. REV. BISHOP MAKTY, Sioux Falls, S. D. At the beginning of last year we introduced the Pernin system of shorthand, and have since taught it in all our classes. The respective professors tell me that it gives great satisfaction. All those who have had anything to do with the system are so well satisfied with the results that we intend to continue teaching it. REV. M. P. DOWLIXG, S. J., Pres. Detroit College, Detroit, Mich. Pernin's Universal Phonography is proving a revelation to those of our students who had begun the study of the Pitman system. I am myself engaged in studying your manual, and although I can spend very little time upon it, I have perfect assurance that I shall attain sufficient rapid- ity for my purpose a thing beyond my power with the old system. I am extremely sorry that I did not Know of your method when we introduced shorthand three years ago. REV. J. SCHALLER, Pres. Luther College, New Ulm, Minn, I went through, very carefully and thoroughly, Mun- son's complete course, and after trying to make it work while in school, reporting lectures read slowly, I had to give it up. I could make better speed in longhand, as I found the Munson system so hard to put into practical use. I was wonderfully taken with it, and was as sadly disap- pointed in trying to use it. It is beautiful in theory, but trying to practice. I then took a turn at Cross' system, the "Eclectic," and with better success. Yet, after using 1 it for about five years, I gave it up for the Pernin some six PEBNLN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 209 months ago. I have only been using the Pernin system for a short time, less than three months, in my work, yet I can now use it to better advantage than I could the "Eclectic," after using it about five years. For my work it is the best of all systems in use, I think. REV. N. H. LEE, Pastor First M. E. Church, Laramie, Wyoming. I am delighted with your system of Universal Phonog- raphy. In reference to its superior merits over other sys- tems I have studied and taught, I can unhesitatingly say that yours, for simplicity and brevity, surpasses my most sanguine expectations. It is also the most legible of all methods I have used. At a recent faculty meeting the adoption of your system into our schools January 1st, 1892, was unanimously recommended. REV. W. H. MCRIDLEY, A. M., D. D., Pres. Cadiz Normal and Theological College, Cadiz, Ey. The advantage which my shorthand pupils of the last year possessed over their companions, especially in taking notes during school lectures, was so conspicuously evident to the others that the majority of the graduating class have decided to take the course in the present session. I wish you the laurels which your indefatigable zeal in bringing your valuable system of shorthand to prominence merits. REV. JOHN WOLF, J ice-President St. Louis College, San Antonio, Texas. I think your system the best I have seen. REV. A. D. MclNTOSH, Presoyterian Manse, Red Creek, N. Y. For eight years Pernin's Universal Phonography has given such genuine satisfaction to both professors and pupils that we have never entertained the thought of aban- doning it for any other system. Our graduates have no .-o 210 PKRNLN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. trouble to get positions. In our estimation Pernin is the best and will prevail. RT. REV. CHAS. H. MORE, Pres. St. Leo's Military College, St. Leo, Fla. I have taught your system of shorthand these last seven years. I am happy to state that it gives complete satis- faction to both professors and students. REV. C. E. DUROCHEE, Pres. Bourget College, Rigaud, P. Q. The most of my reporting has been in the line of church work, and while I do not lay any claim to speed, yet I have reported sermons that could have been little less than 175 words per minute in delivery, and were satisfactory. REV. R. F. BEASLEY, San Francisco, Cal. 1 am greatly in love with your system and enjoy writing it. I intend to pursue it for my own convenience and ad- vantage in writing sermons. REV. GEO. BAKER, Baldoon, Ont. PBOM THE PRESS. It is a sort of shorthand that can be read after it is written. Nothing depends on shading or position. As in the ordinary alphabet, so in the Pernin alphabet, a letter is recognized by its form, whether it is above the line, on the line or below the line, or whether it is light or heavy. To one who has labored through the labyrinthian mazes of .Graham and some of the others, the Pernin system is as easy as a copy of m's and n's to a child. Chicago Sun. PRRNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. 311 Those who have stumbled along for months endeavoring Jto learn phonography through the medium of some of the old, time-worn systems, only to finally give up in despair, ,in consequence of the numerous snags and pitfalls they have had to encounter, will appreciate the valuable features of the Pernin phonography in its great simplicity and legi- bility, the absence of shading and position, and the one Signification that the characters retain under all circum- stances, and be encouraged to make one more effort to ac- quire this valuable knowledge. Chicago Journal of Com- merce. Letters from practical writers of the Pernin shorthand System, as well as from the press, speak in the highest terms of its superior merits. These consist in its wonder- ful simplicity, the short time it takes to learn it, and the ease with which it can be read. The principles may be Jearned in a couple of weeks, and speed sufficient for re- porting in two months, if one devotes his time to the study of the art. Marquette Mining Journal. I wish to announce to you that I was awarded first prize at the Ohio Phonographic Institute held at Cleveland, Ohio, for my shorthand work the Pernin. B. EUGENE ALTON. The Cleveland Press contained the following: "On Wednesday afternoon Mr. E. Eugene Alton, of Michigan, was awarded first prize on the neatness, briefness and legi- bility of his extracts of shorthand, his system being the Pernin, of Detroit, Mich. Mr. Alton is a noble young news- paper reporter and writer, and is at present connected with the Recorder of that city. He is a member of the American Press Union and corresponding secretary of the Michigan Press Union." (Mr. Alton is now editor of the News Letter, Col ton, Wash.) 6. 212 PERNIN'S UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY. No words are too extravagant to use in speaking in favor of the Pernin system of shorthand. It is so simple that a child can easily acquire the mastery of it. Those who wish to acquire the "winged art" in the least possible time, with the best results, should study the Pernin sys- tem. F. ARMSTRONG, City Editor Guelph Herald, Guelph, Ont. Pernin's Phonographic Instructor comprises a system containing marked advantages over all others in use. By the aid of this book the student may become a phonog- rapher in a short time. Detroit Evening News. The Pernin method of shorthand is superior to all other systems. Chicago Daily Inter-Ocean. I am still in love with your simply grand system of shorthand, and use it in taking notes, etc. F. A. FIT-SON, Editor Concordia Timed, Concordia, Kas. INDEX. Page Alphabet 17 Approximate sounds, how written 12, 23 Articles, how written 23 ah. aw, o, represent what sounds 22 Appendix to Part I 51 Affixes 82 Agreement, partnership (shorthand) 123 Business letters (shorthand) b9, 105 to 1 1 3 Circle vowels, how joined usually 19, 23 Circle vowels, joined to curves 35 Combinations, manner of writing 40 Combined consonants 18, 55 Contraction to add the 54 Contraction to add s, es, final 54 Contraction by vowel scale 86,87 88 Contraction catug 88 Contraction by dot. 88 Contraction, by period at end of sentence 88 Ciphers, how written 69 Common abbreviations, how used in shorthand 139 Diphthongs, reversed to avoid angles 27 ded, ted, how written 46 Doubled consonants, but one written 41 Double length signs 68 Double length signs, when not employed 68 Dots omitted in reporting style 69 Dots to be inserted when legibility requires 69 Declaration of independence (shorthand) 167 Detached selections 157 Every word to be written 140 P^xercises, times to be written 117 Form of will 127 Hints to learners t . 13 How to gain speed 144 i before k, g 27 i before k, g, exception 27 n before nasal ng 41 Numbers, how written 69 Note-book, necessary for students 117 Omissions of signs . 67 .. 214 INDEX. Pagre Over, above, under, below, how indicated 79 oun, own, on, how contracted 83 Phonetic spelling 11 Plurals and past tense, how indicated 65 Principles and application of reporting style 54 Proper names, how indicated 23 Period, how written 23 Prefixes, single 74 Prefixes, double 76 Phrasing, instruction on 91 Phrasing, words usually joined 96 Phrases, list of * 96 Proportion of signs , 19 Punctuation, proper names, etc., in shorthand 140 Punctuation, longhand 141 r, how indicated without writing 23 r, I, traced up 23 rr, II, how written 39 r, when omitted ... 67 r, preceding final ly 117 Repetitions, how indicated 69 Simple words, infinitives etc., joined 46 t and d, when omitted before n, en, 54 Typewriting, spelling, etc 149 The Lord's prayer 150 The Pen and the Inkstand. 151 Testimony in Patent Case. 177 Vowels, half circus, how written 27 Vowel scale, method of contraction 86 Words connected by hyphens to be phrased 90 Words used as prefixes 79 Word-signs, alphabetic 46 Word-signs, familiar 62 Word signs, part of longer words 66 x, how represented 35 y, how indicated 27 The = PERNIN HRASE BOOK CONTAINS 3000 phrases, also all the authorized word signs employed in the method. A Book for students, Stenographers, Teachers. It will assist the student in gaining speed; the stenographer in increasing efficiency, and the teacher in increasing teaching power. J* ^ < & J* Cloth, v "g* Price 75 cts. H. M. PERNIN, Detroit, flichigan, AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. &m^mmm.mm.mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.m'mmvwaMraQ , PERNIN \ Shorthand Text Books. PHONOGRAPHIG INSTRUCTOR, Part I. of Universal Phonography, Containing fundamental principles of the system, and exercises in Simple Style. - - 5O CB3STTS. Reminds Universal Phonography, STRUCTO volume. Complete, containing INSTRUCTOR and REPORTER in one - SO. Pernin's Business Dictation Book, A compilation of actual business letters for dictation. The best book of the kind in use. 50 CEITTS. Pernin's Dictation Book in Shorthand, Complete Key to Pernin Dictation Book, Reporting Style, FRICE, - - Si OO. \ J pernin's Reading and Cdriting exercises, Nos. I. and II. rFRIOE., Eja-CH, - 25 \ . I *1 lio^, llll* I %* *< mi*^*i, i i In engraved Pernin Shorthand, Reporting Style, with printed key. : FPtlCE, - 15 OEITTS. THE PERNIN STENOGRAPHER, j( Indispensable to Students, Teachers and Writers of Shorthand. Si.oo Order any of the above books by postal note, post-office or express order. Address H. M. PERNIN, \ DETROIT, NIGH. < SHORTHAND BY MAIL This department was instituted several years ago for the pur- pose of aiding those desirous of acquiring the art of shorthand, \ but who were unable to secure good personal instruction, and i from the first, its success has surpassed the most sanguine expec- ' tations. Hundreds of young men and women, while pursuing i ordinary avocations at home, have been fitted through this means | for practical stenographic work, and now hold excellent \ situations. Judges, Lawyers, Clergymen, Doctors, Merchants, Teachers, and, indeed, very nearly all professions and callings wherein shorthand would be of value for note-taking are represented in our list of students, and all have found the art thus acquired of the greatest assistance in their special line of work. These students are to be found not only in every state in the Union, but in Canada and in foreign countries as well. With this simple shorthand, lessons by mail properly given, are an assured success. This line of work is in charge of the author and trained assistants. A Few o Many Similar Testimonials. It affords me pleasure to be able to speak in terms of praise of the merits of the Pernin system of shorthand, and the entire practicability of studying and mastering the same by means of instruction by mail. There are hosts of young people throughout our country who should take advantage of such an opportunity. C. H. DIETRICH, Supt. Public Schools, Hopkinsville, Ky. As a student by mail, I desire to say that I am more than pleased with your system of shorthand and your method of teaching it by mail. I would cheerfully recommend it to all, and especially to those who desire to learn "shorthand by mail," as I know it will give them full satisfaction. GILBERT LA Du, Clerk of District Court, Lisbon, N. D. I wish to say that I can speak from personal experience of the Pernin phonography. I found it easy to learn and very usefuly in writing sermons and taking notes. It gives me pleasure to recommend your system of instruc- tion by mail and your method of conducting it. REV. GEO. BAKER, Tupper- ville, Ont. Your manner of conducting your " Shorthand by Mail " department is calculated to give satisfaction, I think, in every case; and I know from experience that it is thoroughly practical. I do not hesitate to recommend your method of teaching by mail, and to advise those who are unable to secure personal instruction to take advantage of the mail course. PROF. WILLIAM ENGLISH, Colfax, Wash. Such knowledge as I have of shorthand I gained from your " Lessons by Mail," with no other help except some dictation, and with the knowledge thus gained I have been able to hold, for more than a year, a position as stenographer in the office of one of the foremost law firms in this city. With an intelligent and industrious pupil there is no doubt of the result of a mail course from yourself. The result will be success. Miss M. C. CUMMINOS, Stenographer for Henderson & Journolmon, Knoxville, Tenn. For further particulars, address H. M. PERNIN. DETROIT, MICH. r PERNIN'S MONTHLY STENOGRAPHER. IS INVALUABLE TO Teachers, Writers and Students of Pernin's Universal Phonography. Each number contains several pages of Shorthand in Corre- sponding and Reporting styles prepared by the author; matter for dictation, advice by the author, teachers and practical stenographers, together with news and miscellaneous matter pertaining to the profession, besides a full course of lessons. You cannot afford to be without it. Subscribe Now. ONLY ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. PERNIN'S BUSINESS DICTATION BOOK. A compilation of actual business letters, comprising specimens of correspondence of the leading industries furnishing employ- ment to stenographers. The familiarity with the technical terms used in the several branches of business represented, gained while taking dictation as a student, will give the beginner the proficiency which it usually takes months of office experience to acquire. A Book for Teachers, Stenographers and Students. Price, 50c Pernin's Stenographer and Dictation Book, $1.40. Address all orders to H. M. PERNIN, DETROIT, MICH. PERNIN'S BUSINESS DICTATION BOK FOR PRIVATE AND CLASS DICTATION RECEIVED the endorsements of leaders of the pro- fession within one month from the date of issue. All colleges and schools, regardless of the sys- tem of shorthand taught, should insist upon each student procuring a copy. Pernin's Business Dicta- tion Book is a mirror reflecting the office as it actually exists. It is, as one reviewer says, ''J. living, practical business book." It is just the book for students and stenographers who are neither dead nor sleeping. Read the following strong encomiums FROM PEOPLE WHO KNOW: "Your Dictation Book received. It is a very excellent work for the pur- pose, up to and including amanuensis work. The letters are well selected and evidently taken from actual business correspondence. It ought to sell largely to all shorthand schools and shorthand teachers, no matter what system they use. Your Universal Phonography is also very excellently arranged as to subject matter and progressive arrangement." [Experience evidently confirmed these good impressions, as a few weeks later we received the following]: "At what price will you furnish me with BUSINESS DICTATION ? It Is an excellent book. The letters are eminently practical and wisely selected." C. C. COCHRAN, Prin. Bus. Coll. , Chicago, 111. "Pleise send me as scon as possible six copies of your Business Dictation Book. I have been using this book to some extent in my work here, and find the collection of letters to be about the best I have seen." PROF. PARES SCHOCH, Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. "I wish to tell you how much I like your Dictation Book. I have a work of another compiler who forgot to number the letters, and who has left blanks instead of the fictitious names you have used; it was an unfortunate oversight. The value of your book is enhanced by your forethought in the above particular." JOHN WATSON. P^JI. Watson School of Shorthand, Balti- more, Md. "A casual examination of your Dictation Book satisfies me that we can use to advantage. Please send us 25 more copies." PROF. RICHARD NELSON. Pres. Nelson Bus. Coll., Cincinnati. "We have been using Pernin's Dictation Book for the last few days and think it excels anything of the kind that has heretofore come under our ob servation. We are all very much pleased with it." PROF. JOHN K. BECK, Dayton Comm. Coll., Dayton, O. "We are well pleased with your Dictation Book. Please send us at once six additional copies." Pres. Red Wing Comm. Coll., Red Wing, Minn. 'Will say (hat at first sight I am much pleased with the Dictation Book, and especially think that the two thousand common words given will be of value." PROF. E. W. DAVENPORT, Wood's Bus. Coll., Scranton, Pa. "1 have put the Dictation Book into use, and am very much pleased with it." Miss S. L BOYD, teacher of Pernin Shorthand, Meadville, Pa. "Your Dictation Book came to hand this morning, and I am very mucb pleased with its contents." Prin. Charlotte Comm. Coll., Charlotte, N. C. 'The Dictation Book is the very thing I want." Miss ANNIE SPILMAN, Nashville College, Nashville, Tenn. "The Dictation Book pleases me very highly. It is a livina, practical business bonk, j.jst such a work as I would expect from the talented editorof the STENOGRAPHER. "Principal St. Patrick's School, La Salle, 111. "I think Pernin's Dictation Book by far the best, fullest and most prac- tical work of the kind that has come under my notice, and I have seen and used a great many. Wtiile it may not be as fancy on the 'outside' as some, it is a great deal more 'meaty 1 on the inside than most of them. Writers of all systems should have it." N. L. MARKS, Sten. U. S. Engineer's Office, New Orleans, La. 'Yesterday I received your Dictation Book, and prefer it to Payne's, which I return to you and ask you to send two more of your Dictation Books." SISTER C-, St. Joseph's Academy, Wheeling, W. V. "I find that the Dictation Book covers the ground required to fit students for the important duties jf office work, by the variety and practical subjects treated, and I s*e no reason why it should not have a large pale and be gen- erally used." PROF. B. F. MOORE, Pres. Moore's Bus. Coll. Atlanta, Ga. "I find the Dictation Book the very thing I need, both for increasing speed aud for drill in the class room." PROF. W. T. SESSOMS, Atlanta, Ga. "Pernin's Dictation Boolr seems i.o me the best book of the kind I have seen. I have taken pleasure in showing it to several business men and ste- nographers, who all agree that in is an excellent work." Miss ALLIE A. MACRAE, Sten. Wabash R, R., St. Louis, Mo. "I am pleased with the Dictation Book; it is gotten up in verv good form, and will certainly be of great service to students." Miss J. LESTER, Sten. Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit. "I am highly delighted with your Dictation Book, and think it is better adapted to the uses of shorthand than any I have ever used." LILLIE B. GOODWIN, Shorthand Teacher, New Orleans, La. "Your Dictation Book received, a few days ago, and I am very much pleased with it. I think it fully covers the ground for all kinds of office work." E. J. WOOD, Teacher of Shorthand, Ohio Bus. Coll., Mansfield, O. "A^ p recent session of the School Board, the adoption and use of Per- nin's F fcion Book was recommended. 11 Harrisburg, Pa., Paper. "Yours is much the best thing I have seen for a dictation book, chiefly from the fact that the letters, having been taken from business itself mod- ern business at that are the best things that could be practiced by those fitting themselves for shorthand work. It is c-omething that you can be justly proud of." CARL E. HOOKER, St. Johnsbury, Vt. " I have been using your Business Dictation Book to some extent in my work, and find the collection of letters to be the best I have ever seen." WALTER S. RITTEK, Philadelphia, Pa. " Your Dictation Book I find to be a valuable thing, and therefore take pleasure in recommending it. " E. C. LINCOLN, Hubbard, Minn. "The Dictation Book came to hand a few days ago. I value the book five times more than the price asked by you for it." C. B. CHEATHAM, Operator, Piano, Texas. " I am pleased with the Dictation Book. It is just what I need."- R. D. MORROW, Collingwood, Ont. "The Dictation Book has been received. I think all students, and those wishing an increase in speed in shorthand, should get a copy.'' O. P. WAL- Lis, McArthur, Oa. "I fiid the P^rnin Dictation Book excellent for class use on account of the variety of subjects, giving the best possible preparation for actual work." PROF. C. H. STONE, Green Mt. Seminary, Waterbury Centre, Vt. " Pernin's Dictation Book is a valuable aid to both students and teachers, and I cannot recommend it too highly." MRS. ALMA M. HEMPY, Prin. Short- hand Dept., Normal College, Abingdon, 111. "It is just what I have been looking for, but was unable to secure here- tofore." LIZZIE SPOTTS, Williamsport, Pa. "I think the Dictation Book is worth many times its cost." G. W. MEL- SON, Clifty, Ind. "The Dictation Book is a gem and worth many times its price." LULU ECKHART, New Albany, Ind, "The Dictation Book came all right, and 1 am delighted with it." MRS. LIZZIE M ESTEY, Boston, Mass. " Please send me one dozen copies Pernin's Dictation Book. I have used this work for some lime in my clashes, and find that it gives general satis- faction fully covering the ground for all kinds of office work." VIE F. KOBLE, Shorthand Teacher, Central Bus. Coll., St. Louis, Mo. "We are using your Dictation Book in our shorthand department, and find it very valuable." PROP. A. N, PALMER, Pres. Cedar Rapids Bus. Coll., Cedar Rapids, la. " We find your Dictation Book to be of great service to the students." Supt. St. Aloysius' Acad., New Lexington, O. " The letters in your Dictation Book a r e excellent, and just what I have been looking for." PROF. G. MCCLURE, Prin. School of Commerce, Harris- burg, Pa. "I have used your Business Di Hation Book in my school for some time, and have found the collection of business letters contained in it of great value." PROF. ROBERT E. HADDBN, Prin. Geneva Shorthand College, Geneva. N.Y. "Pernin's Dictation Book received. I am very much pleased with it. It is just what I need in my school." F. E. COLGAN, Shorthand Teacher, Plain view, Minn. " Your Dictation Book came to hand this morning. I am much pleased* with the matter and arrangement of the work." PROF. J. H. BRINSOH Oci- ' Bus. Coll, Ocala, Fla. ' Your Dictation Book is grand, and just what we were in need of." Supt. St. Mary's Academy, New Albany, Ind. " I consider your Dictation Book one of the best extant, and heartily recommend it to any person or school requiring a work of this kind. I speak from actual knowledge, for it is used in our class-room. It is good ; very good. It is excellent. I trust the work will have the sale it merits. "--PROP. ALFRED DAY, Principal Shorthand College, Cleveland, U. "Pernin's Business Dictation Book is excellent; in fact, it is the best letter book on the market. We have found it very valuable iu class-work. " PROF. JAMES MILES, Southwestern Business College, Wichita, Kans. "Among my Christmas presents I received your Business Dictation Book. I cannot tell you how highly I value it." DaMuRT McKiNNEY, Howard, Pa. "Your Business Dictation Book came duly to hand, and we are very much pleased with it. The letters are practical anl ju -t what are needed in training students in this line of work. I shall use your book from now on, and will be glad to recommend it to any of the profession." PROF. HOWARD W. PEARS, Pres. Lima Business College, Lima, O "Pernin's Business Dictation Book is an excellent letter book; in fact. I have found, it the best work of its kind we have ever used in our school." PROF. JAMES MILES, Southwestern Business College, Wichita, Kans. "I have received Pernin's Business Dictation Book and have Fhown it to some gentlemen doing a large business here, also to lawyers, and they all dec'are it the bast work of its kind they have ever seen. For mv part I shall al-vays write t.vo letters ahead of the Stenographer in shorthand and shall afterwards compare with the engraved one in your journal. I am sure, in that way, to become and to remain a correct shorthand writer." MRS. R. JAMES, New Orleans, La, "Your Dictation Book is at hand, for which please accept thanks. I see it is just what I have been looking for." Miss L. BULLEN, Teacher in Busi- ness College, St. Catharines, Ont. " I am verv much pleased with your Dictation Book, I find it invaluable." ALBERTINA CHRIST, Sten. The Piqua Handle Mfg. Co., Piqua, Ohio. " I think that all should have ynur Dictation Book, whether they are doing actual work or attending a school of shorthand." W. N. MACINTIRE, Em- poria, Kans. Prire, Cloth, 50 Cents. Discounts to Schools and Booksellers. H. M. PERNIN, Publisher, DETROIT, MICH UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. i. ' Form L9-2om-9,'47(A5618)444 w> e -K)~ j M^r- ~r ' ^^x"- ; r- ^| ^// - jfc 1 -v 5 ' s\ ?tn -*E^- < 5 y ^^ ^K '^ Pernin- Fernin's m *V$*LffleL1rJ