i^^^-^- t IVtT >o *<, :/! 1^ Q.''^ ' \^ ^ ai'^ %a- '^ '^OAavaaii# '^w ;i. ,^'rt^uNlVERS•/A •j!\'i:Dr/v :.ANCEL£j> ^.OF-CALI ^OF f.Jvi- n^O^ r' CONTENTS. Page Pkkkace ........ iii Contents ........ v Introduction. — History of Great Western Railway — Peculiarities of C'onstructiou — American Rail- ways — Chairs — Steam Whistle — Carriages . ix GREAT WESTERN RAILW^IY GUIDE.— Pad- DiNGTi'N Station. — Railway Regulations and Restrictions — Scenery — Geology — Evening trip to Windsor — Kensal Green Cemetery . . 1 Acton Station, 7 — Ealing Station 8 — Hanwelt, Staiion, 9 — Brentford, — Southal Station, 11 — Hounslow — West Drayton Station, 13 . 7 Tour the First to Rickmaiisworth — Uxbridge — Rick- mansworth . . . . . . .13 Tour the Second to Amersham . . . .16 Tour the Third to Staines — Colnbrook — Staines . 17 Slough Station, 21— Stoke Pogis—Chalfont St. Giles 21 Tour the Fourth to Beaconsfield— Salthill . . 24 GUIDE TO WINDSOR.— Upton— Datchet — Eton — Windsor — Town — Castle — Park — Forest — Old Windsor— Ascot — Chalvey Green . . 26 Route to Maidenhead Station . . , .40 Tour the Fifth to High Wycombe, by Beaconsfield, Great Marlow, or the Thames . . .40 Tour the Sixth to Oakingham — Bray — Binfield . 45 Route to Tv\ YvoRD Station . . . . .49 Tour the Seventh to Henley by Wargrave . .49 Route to Reading Station — Sonnini; . . .51 CONTIiNTb. I'age GUIDE TO READING. — History — Churches- Schools — Theatre — Manufactures — Abbey — Li- terature — Environs , . . . . 5'i Reading Station ...... 58 Tour the Eighth to Henley, by Caversham . . 58 Tour the Ninth to Basingstoke and Silchester . . 58 Route to Pangbourn — Pangboukn Station,. G4 .62 Tour the Tenth to Whitchurch — Englefield — Theale — Aldermaston — Kingsclere — Overton . . 65 Tour the Eleventh to Newbury — Andover — Hunger- ford — Ludgershall — Thatcham — Great Bedwin . 67 Route to Wallingford Station — Nettlebed . . 75 Tui;r the Twelfth to Aylesbury — Wathngton — Thame — Dorton Spa — Hensington . . .77 Route to Steventon Station — Dorchester — Didcot . 84 Tour the Thirteenth tu Oxford— Abuigdon . . 84 GUIDE TO OXFORD.— History of City— Christ- church Cathedral — History of University — Colleges — Libraries — Museums . . .85 Tour the Fourteenth to Witney — Cumnor — Godstow . 98 Route to Faringdun Station — Wantage — Vale of White Horse— Bamptpn . . . .102 Tour the Fifteenth to Chipping Norton and Stovr-in- the-Woid— Burfurd— Moieton-inthe-Marsh . 104 Tour the Sixteenth to Fairl'ord — Highworth — Lechlade 108 Route to Swindon Station . . . . .110 CHELTENHAM AND GREAT W^ESTERN RAILWAY UNION GUIDE . . .112 Crickuade Station, 112 — Cirencesier Station, 113 — North j.EACH, 115 — Stroud Station, 1 17 — Bisley — Painswick, 118 — Minchinhampton, 1 1 9 — Tetbiiry — Woodchester,121 — Horsley — Wuol- ton-vmder-Edge, 122 — Leonard Stanley, 123 — Dursley,124 — Berkeley, 125 — Castle, 126 — Gi.o- CESTEK Station . . . . . .128 CONTENTS. Vll Page GUIDE TO GLOCESTER — History — Public Buildings — Cathedral Churches — Manufactures 1 28 Sodbury, 133— Newent, 134— Ross . . .135 GUIDE TO HEREFORD— History— Town Hall- Cathedral — Theatre — Literature . . . 137 Mitcheidean — Colford, 138 — Newuhara, 139 — Lyd- ney 142 Cheltenham Station ...... 143 GUIDE TO CHELTENHAM— Churches— Spa- Public Buildings — Prestbury — Suuthara House 143 AViuciicomb, 145 — Sudely Castle — Evesham, 146 — Tewkesburv, 147 — Pershore, 149 — Upton — Malvern Wells 150 Tour the Seventeenth to Marlborough — Aldbourn . 151 Tour the Eighteenth to Devizes — Abuiy — Silburv Hill '.153 Route to Chippe?{ham Station — Woutton Bassett — Malmesbury, 158 — Calne, 159 — Bowuod, 160 — Melksham — Melksham Spa, 161 . . .156 Route to Batk Station — Corsham — Corsham House — Box— Tunnel- Midd;ehill Spa . . . 162 GUIDE TO BATH AND ITS ENVIRONS . . 163 Tour the Nineteentii to Bradiord — Trowbridge West- bury — Market Lavingt .n .... 174 Tour the Twentieth to Heytesbury — Farleigh Castle — Wai minster — Longleat . . . .177 Tour the Tweuty-firstMo Frome — Shaftesbury — Sher- bourne — Yeovil — Stourton — Meie — Wardour Castle — Bruton — Wincanton — Castle Cary — Camald 179 Tour the Twenty-second to Shepton Mallett — II- chester — Somerton — Crewkerne — Beaminster — Ilminster— Chard 187 GUIDE TO WELLS AND ITS ENVIRONS . 191 Tour the Twenty-third to Bndgewiiter — Taimton — Glastonbiay— Isle of Athelney — Watchet — VIU CONTENTS. Page Dunster — Minehead — Porlock — Culboiie — Mil- verton — Wiveliscombe — Wellington . .193 Route to Bristol Station — Twerton Viaduct — TwERTON SrATio>f, 201 — Romau Villa^, 202 — Saltford Station, 205 — Keynsham Station — Keynsham and Environs — Brislington Tunnel, 207 — Temple Meads Depot — Bristol Station, 208 201 GUIDE TO BRISTOL, CLIFTON, THE HOT- WELLS AND THEIR ENVIRONS . . 209 Tour the Twenty-fourth to Chepstow . . . 228 Tour the Twenty-fifth fo Newport and CardifF . 230 Tour the Twenty-sLxth to Axbridge, Cheddar and Wookey Hole, and Banwell Caves , . . 232 Tour the Twenty-seventh to Weston-on-the-Sea,Cleve- don and Portishead — Walton Castle — Leigh Court 235 BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY GUIDE— Uphill — Burnham — CoUumpton, 24] — Exeter, 243 237 Index 24S INTRODUCTION. ACCOUNT OF THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. The Great Western Railway has always occupied a ^reat share of public attention, equally from its po- sition, as from the peculiar features which distinguish its construction. It forms a direct communication through Bath between London and Bristol, and is one of the most important lines of traffic in the kine;dom. Passing- throui^h the middle of the south of England, it commands the traffic of above two millions of people and of the richest part of the is- land with the rest of the country. The vale of the Severn, with a lar<:e population, is also one of its natural tributaries ; and altogether it occupies a posi- tion perhaps unequalled in railway communication. Branches are already in progress, giving it, by Chel- tenham and Glocester, a second communication to the north, and by the Exeter line a certain monopoly of the south-west of England. Of the road to the south of Iieiand it can never be deprived: and re- cently it has entered successfully into competition for a portion of the American traffic. It is 117^ miles lon^r, and proceeds through the ba- sin of the Thames as far as Swuuion.soon after which enters that of the Avon, which it pursues for the re- mainder of its course. It commences in some of the earliest formations of the tertiary period of the Lon- X ACCOUNT OF THE don basin, in which it continues nearly as far as Read- ing : it then passes through the chalk for some dis- tance, and ends in the secondary formations, which are compressed as it were together a short distance from its terminus. It affords as great a variety of geolo- gical sections as can be obtained on any line, and is one of the best tours that can be pursued by the geo- logical amateur. Following the banks of the Thames, it visits scenes richer intheir historical and literary as- sociations than any part of the empire ; and affords never-failing enjoyment to the admirer of the placid beauties of English landscape. On the right it has the renowned spa of Cheltenham and the unrivalled scenery of the Wye ; and after passing through Bath it has on the left countries as rich as they are pictu- resque. Thus it vies with any railway in the world for the beauty of its position ; and it is of itself an in- teresting feature, from the grandeur and novelty of its construction. After the usual surveys, and the accustomed time spent in obtaining capital, this great undertaking received the Royal assent to its act of incorporation on the 31st of August, 1835, and active operations were immediately commenced to ensure its energetic prosecution. It is one of the most simple lines in its section of any railway in the kingdom, and is formed of two principal inclined planes. It was the object of Mr. I. K. Brunei, its projector and engineer, to make the plan as perfect in its details as the present state of science would permit, and, so far as practi- cable, to anticipate the future progress of railway im- provement. One ot his endeavours was to obtnin a line as nearly level as the nature of the ground would permit ; and he has so far succeeded, that, ac- cording to the testimony of the most eminent engi- neers, it is unequalled for its gradients. There is only one summit level, which is at Swindon, near the Cheltenham branch ; and here it is 253 feet above GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. XI the London depot, and 275 feet above that at Bristol — 76 miles distant from the London end, and 41 A from the other terminus. From London loDudcot it rises gradually at a rate not exceeding 4 feet per mile, or 1 in 1320, and generally undt-rthat. Thence to Swin- don it continues to rise with a maximum inclination of 6 feet per mile, or of one in 8&0. Frum Swindon to Bath the general gradient is 6 feet per mile, or one in 880 ; but it is broken by two inclined planes, both of one in 106 or 50 feet per mile — that at "^Vootton Basset 1 mile 3 furlongs m length, and that at Box of 2^ miles. The curves are chiefly of 4, 5, or 6 miles radius, and are as gentle as possible : one curve, how- ever, is not more than f of a mile radius. For 96 miles from London there is no tunnel, until we come to that at Box, which is the longest on the line, being If miles in length; but between Bath and Bristol are four, one of 528 yards (i mile), one of 1012 yards {^ mile), one of 132 yards, and another of 435 yards (J mile). The tunnels, although for a longer hne, are three-quarters of a mile less than on the London and Birmingham Railway, The uidth of the tunnels is 30 feet, and their height varies from 25 to 30. The cuttings are about ten millions of cubic yards, and, accordmg to the parliamentary evidence, are lighter than on any other principal line ; the proportion Section of a Cutting. Xll ACCOUNT OF THE Section of Cutting prepared for setting out. being, for the Southampton, about 200,000 yards per mile; for the London and Birmingham 110,000; for the Liverpool and Manchester, 100,000 ; and for the Great Western, 80,000. The average of the deep cut- ting is from 30 to 40 feet, and of the embankments from 25 to 30 feet, and they rarely exceed these heights. Section of an Embankment. The construction of the Great Western Railway differs from that previously adopted, and these varia- tions may be arranged under several heads. The width of gage or distance between the rails generally used is four feet eight inches and a half, but expe- rience has shown, on the Liverpool and Manchester RaiUvay, that the rails are too narrow for the boiler room they want ; on the Czarsko Selo Railway six feet has been allowed, and in Ireland a wide gage has been preferred. The width determined upon GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. by Mr. Brunei is seven feet, and the reasons in favour of it are, that it will allow of a higher rate of speed. The diameter of the wheels of the carriagfe has also been increased, while the contra of gfravity of the carriasje is kept low ; and thus less friction and greater steadiness of motion is obtained. All sorts of carria2:es can be carried witlun the wheels of the trucks, and iarsier and more powerful engfines may be employed. Mr. Brunei has also in some b XIV ACCOUNT OF THE places substituted for blocks a continuous bearing of timber, with piles, upon which the iron rails that constitute the track of the wheels are placed. Longitudinal timbers of Memel pine, Kyanized, of a scantling of from five to seven inches in depth, and twelve to fourteen inches in breadth, and about thirty feet long, are placed along the whole line. Then these timbers are bolted to cross sleepers or transoms at intervals of every fifteen feet : double transoms, each six inches broad, and nine inches deep, being placed at the joinings of each of the longitudinal timbers, and single transoms of the same scantHng being placed midway between the joinings. These transoms stretch across, and are bolted to all the four lines of rails. Within the two hues of rails of each track piles of beach, Kyanized, are driven from the upper surface of the railway into the solid ground, so as to retain a firm hold thereof, and the transoms are bolted to the heads of these piles. These piles are so arranged that the piles of the correspondmg rail are placed opposite to the intermediate distances, and not opposite to each other, thus o "^ o "^ o- To prevent the sleepers from spreadiuir, there are, at every fifteen feet, iron ties across the railway, spiked down at each end to the sleepers, (v. Fig. 6). Fig. 1 — Transverse section of Railway at Maidenhead. C C 7 £ *1 ^. 1'^ I ¥¥ A, Piles of beech. B, Crossbeams or transoms of pine. These transoms are placed alternately double and single, as shown in fi^'. 2. G, Longitudinal sleepers of pine, upon wliich the rails are fastened. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Fig. 2.— Plan of Riilway at Maidi-nhe.id. b 2 XVI ACCOUNT OF THE Fig. 3 is a side view of the sleepers, at one of the joints, showing the way in which they are fastened down to the cross-beams. Fig. 3 — Side-view of the Sleepers. >.. C Fig. 4 is a plan of the rail, showing the holes that are punched in the flange for the screw to fasten the rail down to the sleeper. Fi". 4. Flan of the Rail. Fig. 5 is a side-view of the rail, sleeper^ cross transoms, and one of the piles, showing the way ir^ which they are fastened together. Fig. 5. Side-view of the Rail. &c. n m.i --k"MT B \ GREAT WESTERN R MLWAY. A, wrought-iron rail. B, a ieather-ed^e or weilgeshaped piece o oak. C, sleepers of timber. D, Iron tie-bar to connect the two sleepers E, piles eight inches diameter. F, ballasting. G, embankment. Upon the top of the sleepers are laid the rails, with an intermediate distance of seven teet andahah", an inch clear of the rails. Between the rail and the sleeper is a l'eather-ed<;e or wedge-shaped piece of board, of oak or hard wood, eight inches wide and one XVni ACCOUNT OF THE and a half inch thick on the outer edge, and one and a quarter inch thick on the inner edge, which gives the rails a slight pitch inwards, so as to make the tops coincide with the levelled or conical rim of the wheels, which touches the rails with a bearing equal to the width of the top of the rails, instead of a point, as in the ordinary mode of laying them. Fig. 8, Fig. 8. shows the mode of securing the rails by an iron tie- bar, adopted on the Jamaica and Brooklyn Railway in the State of New York. The rails dre wrought, rolled in lengths of fifteen feet, of No. 2 iron, be- coming equal to the best quality of No. 3 iron, and weighing 43 lbs. to the yard, and made hollow (Fig. 7). The top is two inches wide, l)ase six inches, and height one inch and three-quarters; holes are punched in the fianyes on both sides (Fig. 4), about eiiihtet^n inches apart, to secure the rail (.without chairs) to the sleepers, by means of screws eight inches long. The surface of the roadway is finished witii ballast in the usual manner. As a comparison of the construction of this rail- way with others varying from the usual English standard might prove interestine, we will here give a short account of various methods adopted in the United States, which will prove that in that country, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. XIX where railways are so widely developed, engineers are too wise to cramp them to one plan, when no suflBcient number of data has been obtained to decide which is the best. Fi^. 9 is a section of the method adopted on the Boston and Providence Railway. Fig. 9. Boston and Piovidcnce Raihv.iv. J^ vi A A Parallel holes, a, are excavated at intervals of 4 feet from centre to centre, 1 foot 6 inches square, and filled in with broken stone 1 foot deep ; upon which are laid transverse timber sleepers, b, 6 feet 6 inches long, and 8 inches square. Fig. 10. Philadelphia and Baltimore Ro'lway. ISPF" a a Fi2. 10 is a section of the railway between Phila- delphia and Baltimore. Parallel trenches, a, are excavated the whole length of the railway, 1 foot 6 inches wide, and 1 foot 2 inches deep : they are filled up with broken flints well rammed down, upon which are bedded the sleepers, b, 10 inches wide and 4 inches thick, of spruce or o>her timber : on these are laid transverse bearers 6 feet 6 inches long, and XX ACCOUNT OF THE 8 inches square, placed 3 feet apart from centre to centre, and fastened to the sleepers by keys. On the top are caulked down longitudinal plates, d, of oak, 6 inches square : on the edge of which is a flat vvrought-iron rail 2^ inches wide, of an inch thick, and in lengths of 15 feet, weighing 15 lbs. per yard, each rail being fastened by twelve nails. On a por- tion of the line, another mode of construction is adopted, as shown in Fig. 11. Fig. U. Philadelphia and Baltimore Railway. B B "-j^^ •^r^- A Stone sleepers, a, 1 foot 6 inches long by 1 foot and 1 foot high, are bedded in gravel or sand sunk in a hole, 2 feet by 1 foot 6 inches, and 1 foot 4 inches deep, at intervals of 3 feet from centre to centre ; and as the sleepers are laid, the plates, b, 6 inches square, secured by cast iron chairs, are spiked down. The method adopted in the Baltimore and Wash- ington Railway is shown in the following cuts. Fig. 1 2 is a plan, Fig. 13 is a transverse section, and Fig. 14 is a side view. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. XXI Fij{ 12. Baltimore and Washington Railway Plan. m tr XXU ACCOUNT OF THE Fig. 13. Baltimore and Washington Railway, side view. Fig. U. Baltimore and Washington Railway, side view. Parallel trenches, a, are cut the whole length of the Une, 1 foot 6 inches wide : these are filled in to the depth of 8 inches with broken stones, forming a foundation for the longitudinal timber sleepers, 6 inches by 7, upon which are laid transverse bearers, c, 7 feet long, and 4^ inches square, at intervals of 4 feet from centre to centre : on the top are caulked down longitudinal plates, d, of timber, 6 inches square, upon which are fixed wrought -iron rails, f. Fig. 15. Lowell Railway. --li^N ..^J. - <. V GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. XXIU in 15 feet lengths, 3^ inches wide at the base, and only 2 inches high, just sufficient to clear the wheels of the carriages. The rails weigh 30 lbs. per yard. Fig. 15 is a section of the Lowell Railway, Massa- chusetts. Parallel trenches, a, are excavated, 2 feet 6 inches wide, and varying in depth from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet : they are filled in with broken stone, and on the top are bedded granite sleepers, b, 1 foot cube each, and 3 feet apart. Guide pieces, c, of timber, 3 feet long, 1 foot wide, and 6 inches high, are placed transversely between the granite sleepers. Fig. 16. Schenectady and Saratoga Railway. D D Fig. 16 shoW'S a section of the railway from Schenectady to Saratoga in the State of New York. Parallel trenches, a, are cut, 1 foot 6 inches wide, and filled in with broken stone, 1 foot 6 inches deep, upon which are laid longitudinal timber sleepers, b, 5 inches by 8 inches, with transverse bearers or ties, c, 6 inches by 6 inches, placed 3 feet apart from centre to centre : on the top are caulked down con- tinuous plates, D, of timber, 6 inches square, with a wrought-iron rail or list on the inner edge half an inch thick, and 2h inches wide, weiirhing ]2"60 lbs. per yard. The ends of the rails are jointed or halved one into the other : the stone sleepers and timber are bedded in broken stones and earth. XXIV ACCOUNT OF THE Fig. 17. Columbia Railwav. Fis:. 17 exhibits a section of the Columbia railway. Parallel trenches, a, are cut, 2 feet 6 inches wide, and 1 foot 8 inches deep, below the surface of the ground, and filled in with broken stone, in which are bedded granite sleepers, b, 1 foot 8 inches square, and 1 foot thick, placed 3 and 4 feet apart, and connected by transverse iron bars, c. Fig. 18 shows another mode adopted on part of the same line. Fig. 18. Columbia Eailway. Parallel trenches, a, are excavated, 1 foot 10 inches wide, and 1 foot deep below the surface of the ground, and filled in with broken stones, upon which are bedded continuous stone blocks, b, 1 foot square, hollowed on the edge to allow the working of the wheels. The surface of the road is covered with broken stones. Fig 19 shows a third mode adopted on the same line. GREAT WESTERN RAILAVAY Fig. 19. Columbia Railway. Lonsritudinal sleepers of timber, 8 inches square, are bedded in the earth, on which are notched down transverse bearers, b, 7 feet long, and 9 inches high, hollowed out in the centre for the roadway, upon which are placed the rails and chairs. Fig. 20. Philipsburgli and Juniata Railway. C C ^"^ ^ ^%f^>^m:<':^B ^;vy-: (, l,;ir,v Fig. 20 is a section of the railway from Philips- burgh to Juniata. Parallel trenches are cut and filled in with broken flints, upon which are bedded trees. A, of white oak, 30 inches in diameter, with the under side squared equal to 9 inches in width. On the top are laid transverse bearers or ties, 8 feet long, 9 inches high, and 5 inches wide, placed 4 feet apart. On the top are caulked down the plates, c, of white oak, or heart of pine, 9 inches by 5. XXVI ACCOUNT OF THE JM2J?.\'^ I 'fo^-'-V'' Figs. 21 and 22 show different modes of construc- tion adopted on the railway from Charleston to Augusta. Fig. 2 1 is a section of the railw ay on clay and gravelly soil, and Fig. 22 as it is constructed on embankments. The following cuts represent a peculiar method GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. XXVU of laying railways on piles, patented by Mr. White, and called the Tension Railway. Fig. 23.— Prospective view of Support Pile, Block, Rail, Weds^es, &c. Fig. 24. — Longitutional Section of Support Pile, Block, Rail, Wedges, &c. .-J Al' c2 XXVIU ACCOUNT OF THE A, is what is called a resistance pile, with one of the patentee's blocks or chairs, c, h, with its wedges, D, E, F, G, for ^ivina; tenseness to the bars which form the rails, i, k, fixed upon it. h, is a block of iron sunk into the top of pile a, and there spiked down by spikes c. Through this block are cut horizontal mortises to receive the lateral wedges or GREAT WESTERN R-\ILWAY. XXIX keys, D, E, E, G, while corresponding mortises are cut in the rails i, k. These resistance piles may be any convenient distance from each other, say, one- sixteenth of a mile, and between them, at intervals of about fifteen feet, common piles should be driven to receive similar blocks of a similar size, and fastened down by spikes passing through holes sufficiently larger than the spikes to admit of the play conse- quent upon expansion and contraction. It is evident XXX ACCOUNT OF THK from ti e lore go n^, that if two fixed points be obtained at each end of any metal bar used as a beam or support, or as a stretcher or a bearer, in the construction of any bndsfe or viaduct, tension may be iriven to it by means of blocks or lateral wedges, similar to those above described, and, by means of that tension, additional stren2;th imparted to the said bar, and likewise to any timber beam supported by a bearer so used. Fig -Richardson's Patent Compound Hail. Fist. 27 represents Richardson's Patent Compound Rail, intended to save expense. The cut represents it as applied for continuous bearings, and the dotted lines show the form of another pattern adapted for bearings flat at the top. The scale is a quarter of the real size. The top rails are of wrought iron, and weigh from twelve to twenty pounds per yard, and are rolled in leniiths of five or six yards each. The lower rails are of cast iron, and can be made of such strength and weight, from one to two yards long, as may be suitable for the traffic which the line is intended to convey. The wrought rail is bedded in the groove of the cast rail with compressed felt, and connected toueiher with wrought-iron cotters, with allowance for expansion or contraction: and so GREAT WESTERN HAILWAY. XXXl arranged as to allow of the wrought rail heiiiij re- versed or exciianired, when found necessary from wear, without disturbing the cast rail. The cast rail can be fix -d to the blocks or bearers with the patent vert cal ties, chairs, and traverses, or in an)' oftlie usual ways. Fig. 28 —Section of Rail, Ciiair, aud Key. Fig. 28 exhibits a section ol the tail and chair, similar to the Endish rails, adi pted on the Boston and Providence Railway in America. The rails are of wrought iron, fixed in cast-iron chairs. Fig. 2J. — American Rail. .---tf^r~N Fig. 29 is a section of an American rail adapted on the Columbian Railway. XXXll ACCOUNT OF THE The three next engravings present a kind of rail in common use in America, and called a plate rail. Fig. 30 is used on the Philipsburgh and Juniata Railway, and consists of a plate of white oak, or heart of pine, 9 inches by 5 ; the rails are of wrought- iron bar, 2 inches wide, andean inch thick, weigh- ing lOlbs. per yard; they are fastened by 5 inch spikes. Fig. 31. — American Pl.ite Rail. Fig. 3:2. — American Plate Rail. ^^TT H^:i:i}4ij:..,;.:ui.ilL Figs. 31 and 32 are sections of two forms of plafe rails used on the Charle.sto\vn and Augusta Railway, where the iron work is 2^ inches wide, I inch thick on the inner edge, and | ot an inch in the back edge. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. XXXlll Fv- 33 ^^ -""^^-^--"^ ; ^ - --sm as Fig. 34 Fig. 35. Fis:s, 33, 34, and 35 represent White's patent railway link, used to prevent the ends of the rails from separatiniT. Fig. 11 is a side view of two pieces of rail<, as they meet in ihe joint chain, and showing the retaining link in its place. Fig. 12 is a section of one of the pieces, 'aken through a hole which is drilled to receive one of the pins projecting from the link. The holes so formed in the end of the rails are a little larger in d'ameter than the diameter of the pins, and this difference makes provision for the expansion and contraction of the rails, but admits no further separation. Fiij. 13 is a view of the link, showms: the position of the pins. The scale is one-sixth of the original size. To prevent danger in engines, a steam-whistle is sometimes used to sound the alarm ; and a whistle is also used by the locomotive engines to announce XXXIV ACCOUNT OF THE their approach to the station. Although the follow- ing invention differs from that generally in use, yet, as it is applicable to high and low pressure engines, it will serve to illustrate the operation. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. A float, F, is attached by a rod, r, to a lever, l, about two feet long ; the other end is connected to a valve, v, of about two inches in diameter, and attached to a pipe, e, in front of the boiler, with an alarum or whistle, a, at the end. The whistling is caused by the opening of the valve, and the steam rushing through makes a noise like whisihng. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Fig. 38.— From view of Whistle. The promising appearance of the Great Western Railway produced the usual result, in an attempt to uust the original parties, and occupy their positions, and a sharp war was accordingly commenced against Mr. Brunei. This terminated by a reference to Messrs. Hawkshaw and Wood to decide on the merits of the plan adopted. Mr. Hawkshaw sent in a report as remarkable for its absurdity as for the virulence of its attacks on Mr. Brunei; and Mr. Nicholas Wood, after amusing himself with experi- ments on the line with ingenious toys, also produced a report favourable m its facts and unfavourable in its conclusions. In January, 1839, the question was decided by a triumplrant recognition of Mr. Brunei's plans, and by the consignment of Messrs. Wood and Hawkshaw's reports to the oblivion from which they never should have been dragged. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. The station of the Great Western Railway is at Pad- dington, near the end of Praed Street, and close to the canal, ] 17^ miles from Bristol, from Exeter 182^, and from Cheltenham 119. It is a spacious enclosure affordinij: ample accommodation for all the requisites of a station, while its proximity to the canal gives every facility for conveying goods to the Thames. On en- tering the gates of the station, the traveller is directed to the booking-offices, where, on paying his fare, he receives a ticket, which is collected by an officer of the Company on starting. He is then conducted to the colonnade, under which the carriages of the train are drawn up, and takes the place pointed out by his ticket. Every information and assistance will be cheerfully afforded by the officers of the establish- ment, who will take care that his baggage is properly secured. The arrangements of the establishment are con- ducted with great regularity and propriety ; but the new traveller on a railway will do well not to infringe any of the rules of the Company. Here proper libe- rality has been shown in drawing up these regula- tions, and every care been taken that they shall be as consistent with the ease as the safety of the travellers ; but on some other lines of railway the code of laws is totally unbecoming a liberal country, being apparently modelled on French or Russian B 2 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. police ordinances. The traveller may feel perfectly assured about his baggage, not a strap ^vill be broken ; he need suffer no anxiety about himself, for the carriage will not be left behind ; but if he have any regard for the well-paid accountants of the com- pany, let him look to his booking-ticket. Why, per- haps little Jacky has already sent the little bits of yellow -brown paper flying out of the coach window, or, after having paid your money, you have dropped the scraps in the yard. You had better have thrown away a bank-note or chewed an exchequer-bill ; for you are now required to pay all the fares over again, while if, with the spirit of an Englishman, you resist such an imposition, you may be locked up all night with felons in a police cell, and condemned to pay a fine of 5/. or 10/. Take care how you go to meet your sick wile returning home late at night from the country, where she has been to recover her health ; you must wait patiently until she has been hustled by the swell mob, and had her pocket picked in the confusion of arrival, and if you behave quietly, after peering in the faces of fifty individuals, you may see one carrying off your own baggage, or at last meet your wife sinking under the insults she has met with, or the fatigues she has endured. If she has lost any thing, be careful how you go into the station to seek for it, because for that act you may also be dragged off to the police jail, and your wife and children after all their fatigues still go on their way unattended. These are cases which the daily police reports have repeatedly confirmed, and they are but small parts of an abuse which is as derogatory to the privileges of our country, as it is disgraceful to those who have asked for and obtained it. The eagle-eyed legislators who had such an anxiety to put a stop to share-job- bing, have in almost every act sanctioned these enor- mities ; and while so careful of the property of those ■who abjured their interference, have had no regard GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 3 either to the great principles of constitutional povrer, or the protection of the public rights and privileges. By this means is created an "imperium in imperio" invested with powers more oppressive than those of a tax-gatherer, and at that very time when the uni- versal voice has compelled a mitigation of the rigours of the excise laws. These are abuses which loudly call for amendment, and many members of either liouse might be much worse employed than in reme- dying errors created by their own ignorance and neg- lect. As to any appeal to the officers or managers of the Company under such wrongs, there is no indivi- dual feeling which you can impress, but all are hard- ened by that spirit of association, to effect which it seems as if all private sentiment of honour and duty must be discarded. In vain is the appeal to the regulations of the Company — they are clung to as the watchful dragon which must guard against pecula- tion, and the ma^ic cestus which is to keep the ac- counts always perfect, and the dividends ever bloom- ing. To this legislation of corporate avarice the lines of Livy* apply most strongly: " Regem ho- minem esse, a quo impetres, ubi jus, ubi injuria opus sit ; esse gratise locum, esse beneficio ; et irasci et ignoscere posse. Leges rem surdam, inexorabilem esse ; nihil laxamenti nee veniae habere, si modum excesseris." In his course along the line the traveller must occasionally regret that a great part of the road is sunk too low to afford a view of the country, but the beautiful scenes which present themselves at the different openings, more than repay the temporary privation. The scenery is of a mild and subdued character, but clothed with all that rich vegetation which is the glory of the geological district called the London basin, through which the railway runs • Book II. Chap.iii. 4 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. to Reading:, first through the London clay, and afterwards the plastic clay. This formation, it is almost unnecessary to inform the reader, is one of the most interesting of the tertiary formation, coin- ciding in character with the Paris and Hampshire basins, and belonging to the eocene period. It ex- tends with its chalk boundary from Norfolk to the middle of Kent, and from the North Sea into Wilt- shire. The plastic clay presents very few organic remains, but the London clay abounds with objects of the highest interest. Here beneath tracts often covered with snow, are all the relics of a tropical clime, seeming to realize Milton's idea of wheeling^the axis of the globe many degrees, so that at one period our island might have occupied the position of that Indian empire, over which we now bear rule. The thickness of this stratum sometimes exceeds 500 feet, and under the foundations of the giant metro- polis it encloses relics as interesting as the tombs of heroes and poets which lie on its surface. Here are to be found the bones of the crocodile and the turtle, and shells like those of the Paris basin, attesting the former presence of the ocean, while the neigh- bouring land, once waving with all the luxuriance of tropical vegetation, has left in these strata hun- dreds of species of fruits, recalling the cocoa and spices of the Indies. This was a fitting birth-place for the Queen of the Seas ; for here, like the omens which often presented themselves on building an ancient city, are to be found the emblems of the distant climes over which she was destined to bear sway. The Thames for a long time remains concealed in the distance ; but the numerous tributary streams, and the freshness of the herbage attest his neigh- bourhood, while the beauty of the scenery seems to do homage to his presence. The number of indi- vidual objects it is impossible to detail, nor would GREAT WESTERI^ RAILWAY GUIDE. 5 there be space to record all the historical sites which now pass under review, but just as the embankments present only a transient glimpse of the landscape, so we must be contented with a partial selection from the multitude which we cannot embrace. The whole scene presents attractions worthy of this great metropolis, and affords unrivalled specimens of that rich landscape which forms the peculiar beauty of our country. The position of the railway also is admirably calculated to enhance the verdant hills and plains in all their glory. On leaving London with the evening, the sinking western sun shines ahead of the railway, and casts a luxuriant red glow- on the bright green herbage, while the traveller glides on his way with a tranquillity which is in keeping with the retiring quiet of the scene. He may move as smoothly on the highway or on the river, but here are no windings to bend about the scenery in his eyes ; all passes with a steadiness which not even the rapidity of the motion disturbs. This is the scene for meditation ; the capital of the world, with all its busy hum, is fading into the dis- tant east, the wonders of human ingenuity fly with him on his way, while old Father Thames, rich in poetic honours, recalls to his view a never-exhausted scene of charter-meetings and battle-fields, the proud feats of kings and the triumphs of the people, the modern palace and the antiquated castle, a stream flowing with riches and pleasure, while the red autumnal sun, sinking in the west, gives one kind smile to the fields which blush beneath his gaze. The roll of the engine seems scarcely to disturb the quiet of the time, but like a huge clock to measure with its tick the hours which pass away in solitude. The cattle move slowly towards the homestead, the bird gives its last carol, the hum of labour has ceased, and the fuming train drags on to the close of its evening journey. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. On leaving the Paddington terminus, we pass under the Westbourne road, carried over us on seven arches, and enter a cutting of a mile long through the clay with three bridges. The railway takes its course through the suburbs, and is on every side encompassed by scenes which are too familiar to need recapitulation. It follows for some distance the side of the Paddington canal, until it comes to Kensal Green. Here a prospect is enjoyed for some distance, and the view of several fine engineering works; within a quarter of a mile is the Paddington canal, and a little farther the Birmingham railway,* while across these two the Birmingham, Bristol, and • Those who are desirous of acciuiring an intimate knowledge of that line of country, are recommended to avail themselves of the cheap and copious London and Birmingham Railway Guide, which is published by Mr. Wyld. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 7 Thames Junction Railway, approaches to unite these lines to the Thames at Sandend, Fulham. On the right are the grounds of the General Cemetery Company, covering fifty acres, and containing many chaste and elegant monuments. A very remarkable feature of the grounds is a temple to Hygeia, to commemorate the notorious St. John Long ; while a tomb to another quack exhibits a novelty in the art of puffing. The Frenchwoman in Pere la Chaise was contented with inscribing on her husband's tomb, that " his disconsolate widow still keeps the sausage shop, No. 55, rue St. Antoine ;" but our universal pillmonger has beaten this hollow. On a tomb as large and conspicuous as an advertisement cart, he has had engraved, " The family Tomb of James Morrison, the Hygeist." As the Irishman said, " May he live to occupy it!" We have now another cutting through the clay a mile long, and pass under the canal bridge of two arches. On the left hand lie Wormwood Scrubbs, the grand scene of military exercises and reviews, being a large plain maintained by the government for this purpose. We have then a short embankment and a deep cutting. A little farther on, the railway, having passed a curve, pursues a more southerly direction. On the left lies Acton, a suburban parish, with a living in the gift of the Bishop of London. It has a public school for the orphan sons of the clergy, and wells of aperient water. Its population is 2453. ^cton station From London 4 miles. From Cheltenham 115 miles. Miles. To Turuham Green.. 2i g To Chiswick 3 »^* ■■■ ff^ To Hammersmith.... 3| ■ From Bristol 113i miles. From Ex«ter ISS.J miles. From Bath 102i miles. 8 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. On the right is the road to Twyford, one of the most respectably-inhabited parishes in England. It has but one house, the occupant of which is perpetual churchwarden of the chapelry. The living has no incumbent, in which state it has remained since the days of Queen Elizabeth. Our route now lies through a cutting two and a quarter miles long. On proceeding about a mile, we have on the left Ealin^y a suburban outwork of the metropolis. The parish extends to Old Brentford, containing a large population and many handsome villas. (lEalins Station. From London 51 miles. From Cheltenham 113i miles. Miles. To Brentford 2i To Kew Bridge 2 1 _^^ _|_ ^^-^ To Richmond New "^^ T Church 4i From Bristol 112i miles. From Exeter 187 miles. From Bath 101 miles. The trains now arrive at the splendid Wharncliffe Viaduct, over the River Brent, one of the finest works of its class, and DUO feet long. The embankment is formed of gravel, in consequence of which the pro- gress of the works between Acton and Maidenhead was not affected by the wet winter of 1836. The viaduct received its name in compliment to Lord Wharncliffe, the Chairman of the Committee of the House of Lords on the Act of Incorporation. The liiver Brent, after receiving tributaries from the hills between Barnet and London, here passes under the railway to disgorge itself in the Thames at Brent- ford. On the right lies the village of HamvelU partly situated on rising ground, and remarkable more for its rustic seclusion than for its historical notoriety. N ear it is the fine seat called Hanwell Park. On the left is the magnificent asylum for pauper lunatics, be- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 9 longing to the county of Middlesex. It has recently been enlarged, and is now as remarkable for the enlightenment of its system, as for the convenience of its arrangement. The greatest mildness is observed towards the unfortunate inmates, and while every facility of exercise is given for their physical relief, their mental recovery is promoted by employments adapted to their previous habits. ?^anh)tU Station. From London 7i miles. From Cheltenham HI miles. Miles. To Brentford jj 8 Tolsleworth 4 =*=* "^ ^* From Bristol 110^ miles. From Exeter 185i miles. From Bath 99i miles. Not far from this is Southall Park, the seat of Sir W. Ellis. Beyond this the Brent pursues its course by Boston House, the seat of Colonel Clitheroe, to Brentford on the Thames, which is one of the in- vasions of the metropolis on the rural districts, and is a market-town composed of two portions, the western of which, New Brentford, is in the parish of Hanwell and hundred of Elthorne : and Old Brent- ford, to the east, is in the parish of Eahng and hundred of Ossulstone. It is joined by a toll- bridge over the Thames to Kew, which may be regarded as its suburb. The town takes its name from the river Brent, which here flows into the Thames, and forms the outlet of the Grand Junction Canal. It is crossed by an ancient bridge, which at one time was supported by a tax levied exclu- sively on Jewish passengers. The town was an- ciently called Braineford, and was the scene of a battle in 1016, between the brave Edmund Ironside and the Danes, who were defeated. In the parlia- mentary wars, the partisans of Charles I. drove 10 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. back a detachment of the popular army from this place, for which the Scotch Earl of Forth was created Earl of Brentford. In 1813, some alluvial organic remains were found here in the clay, con- sisting of the teeth and bones of the elephant, hip- popotamus, ox, and deer. The town, although on the banks of the Thames, confers no beauty on them, having a very ungainly appearance, and forming a long narrow street. The brick church at Old Brentford is a chapel-of-ease, dedicated to St. George, with an altar-piece of the Lord's Supper by Zoffany. The living is a curacy in the patronage of the vicar of Ealing. At the west end of the town, on the left hand side, is the chapel-of-ease for New Brentford, similarly a curacy, and in the patronage of the vicar of Hanwell. It is dedicated to St. Lawrence, and reckoned among its incumbents the learned John Home Tooke, one of the greatest philologers of his day. The Independents, Pres- byterians, Baptists, and Wesleyans have also places of worship. A Charity-school was founded in 1703, and there is a Female-school of Industry and a Sunday-school : also two Almshouses. The town- hall and market-place is a wretched-looking hogsty. There is a respectable Literary Institution. The gas- works here supply Richmond and Kew. The chief trade is in malt, flour, distilling, &c. It is a polling- place for Middlesex, and the seat of the county court for the election of members. Populatio/7, 5196 : viz.. Old Brentford, 2274; New Brentford, 2085; Kew, 837. Im?s, Castle, Bell, Pigeon, Red Lion, and Royal Hotel. Market-dai/,TvLesdiiy. Fm>5, May 17th, 18th, and 19th; and September 12th and 13th for horses, cattle, hogs, &c. Kew is reached by a stone bridge of seven arches, and is famous for its botanic gar- dens, now thrown open to the public, and for the tomb of Gainsborough, the painter of the Market- Cart in the National Gallery. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 11 The Great Western Road at night now forms one blaze of gas from Hounslow, ten miles from London. Recalling our attention to the railway, we find ourselves, on crossing the Uxbridge road, enjoying a delightful prospect of a rich country, watered by numerous vassal streams of old father Thames. A curious accident occurred to the embankment beyond the viaduct, from a partial elevation of the ground caused by the unusual pressure of the em- bankment, in which some depression consequently took place. Careful investigation was immediately made, and the cause being found in the peculiar position of a thin stratum of clay, on which part of the embankment rested, effectual means have been taken to prevent any ultimate injury to the woi k. On the left hand, the Grand Junction Canal follows the course of the railway from its embranchment with the Paddington Canal to its union with the Brent. Beyond it is the Earl of Jersey's handsome seat, Osterley Park, a square building, containing a good library and picture gallery. Proceeding a little farther on the right, we have SouthaU, which has a famous weekly market for cattle, being next in rank in the county to Smithfield. Its inns are the White Hart and the Red Lion. ^outjall Station. From London 81 miles. From Cheltenham llOi miles. Miles. ToHeston U To Hayes 2i ^ . -£_ g,^ To Harlington 3 -^ "f" «=^ To Hounslow 3 From Bristol 108^ miles. From Exeter 183^ From Bath 97i miles. On the left is Heston, celebrated for its wheat, which, in Queen Elizabeth's time, is said to have been reserved for the royal table : it has a population of 3407, Close by, on the banks of the Canal, is a powder 12 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. magazine with barracks. Beyond this, on the western road, is Hounslow, a market-town 10 miles from London, partly in the parish of Heston, and partly in that of Islevvorth. It is a sacred spot in the annals of Encjlish liberty, being the scene of a tournament, preparatory to the obtaining of the great charter, and of the conference between the partisans of Henry III, and the Dauphin of France. On the heath, the parliamentary armies were frequently encamped, and also those of Charles I. In 1688, James II. was struck with despair in his very camp, by the shouts with which the acquittal of the pre- lates was hailed by the assembled soldiery. The principal support of the town is derived from the traffic of passengers, and the only manufacture is that of gunpowder. Barracks v/ere erected here in 1793. There was formerly a priory, which gave rise to the present church, a succursal of Heston. There is also a handsome new district church at the west of the tow^n. The heath was formerly noted for its highway robberies, but is now brou2:ht into some degree of culture. The inns are the George, Red Lion, and Rose and Crown. We now arrive at the point at which the railway crosses successively the Grand Junction Canal, its branch to Paddington, and the Yealding brook, which is a stream disembouching in the Thames at Twickenham. On the right is the handsome church of Hayes, on the Uxbridge road, containing several curious and ancient monuments. Its population is 1;)75 ; and the inns are the Adam and Eve, Ano:el, and White Hart. Two miles farther on the Ux- bridge road is Hillingdo7i, which is the mother church of Uxbridge. On the heath is a seat in the Italian style, built by the Count de SaUs. The inn is the Red Lion. The Grand Junction Canal is now running on our right in front of Hayes and Hillingdon, and on our GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 13 left is Cranford, with a church dedicated to St. Dun- stan, and containing; many tombs of the Earls of Berkeley, who have here a fine seat and park. The population is 377, and the inn the White Hart. A little farther is the ancient village of Harlington, Harli?2gdown, or Arlington, with a church entered by a finely-preserved Saxon arch of great beauty, and near which is a yew tree, of which the trunk is twenty feet in circumference. Here are still some remains of Dawly, ovD'Oyley, house, the seat of the celebrated Bolingbroke : and the village once gave title to the well-known Cabal minister, Henry Ben- net, Earl of Arlington, who was born here in 1618. The population is 643. At Sipson Green, on the Maidenhead road, is the Magpies inn. Farther on, to the left, is Harmondsworth, which formerly pos- sessed an alien priory of Benedictine monks. It is now remarkable for one of the largest and most ancient barns in England, supported by columns of stone. Its population is 1276. We have now passed over the Uxbridge road by a fine bridge, and have arrived at the OTc^t IDrautcn Station. From London 13 miles. From Cheltenham 106 miles. Miles. Miles. To West Drayton ... To Uxbridge 3 To Colnbrook 4 ^, M _ ^^ To Rickmansworth by ToStaiuea 6i ''^ T * Uxbridge 10 To Amersham bv Ux- bridge '..... 14 From Bristol lO^i miles. From Exeter 179i miles. From Bath 93^ miles. In the Colne here is good fishing. On arriving at West Drayton station omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to Uxbridge ; but the pedestrian has the choice of two reads, one c 14 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. through Hillingdon, mentioned in the last page, and the other throucrh Cowley. UXBRIDGE is an ancient boious:h and market- town, 15 miles from London on the Oxford road, sup- posed to have been founded by Kinsr Alfred. It was formerly surrounded by a ditch, and was a garrison town : it consists principally of one street, standing on a gentle declivity, on the banks of the river Coin, situated in a fine earth of London clay, upon which an extensive brick manufacture is carried on, occu- pying many hundred persons. It is only a hamlet of Hillingdon, but the greater part of the town has been paved and lighted under a separate Act. It is a polling-place for Middlesex, the seat of a petty sessions for the surrounding districts, and of a county court of requests, which is held the first Tuesday in every month for the recovery of debts under forty shillings. The river Colne turns a good many flour-mills for the supply of the London market, and a considerable trade is carried on by the Grand Junction Canal. It is the seat of one of the largest corn-markets in the kingdom, and has long been famous for its bread: besides bricks, it has manufactures of agricultural tools, and Windsor chairs, and also large plate glass works, and two breweries. During the civil wars in 1646, it was the scene of the negotiations between the Parliament and Charles I., which, however, the treachery of the misguided monarch rendered unsuccessful. He is said to have offered to create Cromwell a duke, and give him the Order of the Garter, but that great man refused to betray his country. The conference was held in an ancient brick mansion at the west end of the town called the Treaty House, now occu- pied as the Crown Inn, in which the room of meeting is still preserved. The Market-house, which is large and convenient, stands near the centre of the town, and was built in 1789. There are two bridges over GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 15 the river Colne, and one over the canal, which has on its banks a number of warehouses and wharfs. The Church, dedicated to St. IMargaret, was erected in the reign of Henry VI., and consists of a chancel, nave, and lateral aisles, divided by octagonal columns and pointed arches. At the north-west end is a low square towei-, and in the interior are several iine monuments, and an ancient octagonal stone font. The Baptists, Quakers, and Independent Methodists have also places of worship here. There is a Subscription-library and Reading-room, which contains about 1500 volumes; a Mechanics Institu- tion ; a Free School founded in 1809, supported by voluntary subscriptions ; a School of Industry for girls ; and a Unitarian girls' school founded in 1812 by Mr. Brooksbank. Uxbridge gives the title of Earl to the Pagets, Marquesses of Anglesea. Popu- lation, 3043. Li7is, the White Horse, Chequers, King's Arms, and Three Tuns. Market-days, Thurs- day, and Saturday. Fairs, March 25 statute, July 31, September 29, for hiring servants only, and October 10 for horses, cows, and sheep. The traveller proceeds from Uxbridge across the Colne, into Buckinghamshire, and crossing the Misbourne, and passing Denhara, enters Hertford- shire. RICKMANSWORTH is a market-town and pa- rish in Hertfordshire, in the hundred of Casheo, situ- ated 48 miles from London, at the confluence of the rivers Gade and Chess with the Colne, and on the Grand Junction Canal, about 3 miles from the "Watford station of the Birmingham Railway. On the rivulets formed in the neighbourhood are several flour, cotton, silk, and paper mills, and the female part of the population is extensively employed in the manufacture of straw plat. The government of the town consists of two constables and two head- boroughs. The church, dedicated to St. John, is a C 2 16 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. large edifice, with a chancel, nave, and lateral aisles, and containing several ancient monuments, particu- larly to the Monmouth family,butnotof any general interest. At the end is a handsome embattled tower. The living is a vicarage in the Archdeaconry oi" St. Albans, in the diocese of London, and in the gift of the Bishop. There is a charity-school and two alms- houses. Here was born Sir Thomas White, Mer- chant Tailor, founder of Gloucester and St. John's Colleges, Oxford. Population, 4574. Inns, the Swan, and the George. Market-day, Saturday. Fairs, July 20, and November 24 for black cattle, sheep, and hogs, and Saturday before the third Monday in September, for hiring servants. At Warren Hill, in the neighbourhood, is a re- markable echo, and close by is Moore Park, the seat of the Earl of Wilton. Should the traveller choose to return by the Birmingham Railway or proceed farther on the line, he will obtain every information on that subject in ' Wyld's Guide to the London and Birmingham Railway,' and also in ' Wyld's Grand Junction Railway Guide.' The traveller leaves Uxbridge by the Aylesbury road, and pursues the course of the poetic Mis- bourne, a tributary of the Colne, On the right is the parish church of Denham, and, turning to the right at Redhill, about five miles on the road, is the villa2;e of Chalfont St. Peter. Proceeding onwards, at the seventh mile, is ChaJfont St. Giles, a site ever illustrious in the annals of Enghsh song. Here Milton retired, in 1GG5, during the raging of the great plague, and here he finished the " Paradise Lost." In this village, his friend, John Ellwood, the learned Quaker, is said to have suggested the idea of another great work. He observed to Milton, — " Well, friend John, thou hast given us a Paradise Lost, what sayest thee to Paradise Regained ?" — The population of the village is 1279. Four miles farther we arrive at GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 17 AMERSHAM or AGMONDESH AM, an ancient borough, market town, and parish, 25 1 miles from London, in the hundred of Burnham, and county of Buckingham. It consists of one long street, inter- sected by a short one, with a church in the centre, and is situated on the banks of the Misbourne, among the woody hills. It formerly sent two mem- bers to Parliament, but suffered the right to remain in abeyance for four centuries, when on petition they were restored ; under the Reform Bill, how- ever, it is totally disfranchised. The principal ma- nufactures are black lace and cotton, and there is a good market. The town-hall is one of the hand- somest in the country, and was erected in 1642 by Sir W. Drake. It is a brick building, with a Ian- thorn and clock, and having a basement of pillars and arches used as a market. The church is a spacious edifice, in the Gothic style, with a tower at the west end. In the interior is a handsome painted window, and several fine monuments to the Drake family, one of which is by Scheemakers. The living, one of the best in the county, is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Bucks, and the gift of the Drake family. Population, 2816. Inns, the Crown and Griffin. Market-day, Tuesday. Fairs, AVhit- Monday and Sept. 9, for sheep. One mile from the town on the Aylesbury road is Shardeloes, the seat of T. F. Drake, Esq. It is a handsome edifice, with a portico of four columns, from designs by Adams, and is situated on a hill, overlooking a fine sheet of water formed by the Misbourne, and affording splendid views of the surrounding country. The interior is well fitted up. and the grounds, formed out of a morass, are main- tained with great spirit and ability. The traveller can proceed to Colnbrook by Har- mandsworth, before described. COLNBROOK is a small ancient market-town, situated 1 7 miles from London on the great western 18 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. road, and on four channels of the river Colne, over each of which there is a small bridge. It is a hamlet of the several parishes of Horton, Iver, and Langley, in the hundred of Stoke, in Buckingham- shire, and in the parish of Stanwell, and hundred of Spelthorne, in Middlesex. The ancient church having been removed from the market-place, another has been erected in a more convenient part of the town. The living is a curacy in the arch- deaconry of Buckingham. The principal subsist- ence of the town is derived from the passing traffic. hins, the George, White Hart, and Catherine Wheel. Market-day, Tuesday. Fairs, April 5, and May 3, for horses, cattle, and sheep. The tour to Staines may be regarded as a pilgrim- age to a site consecrated by the genius of English Liberty, to whom beauteous Nature seems to offer an ever-verdant tribute. From Colnbrook a road leads by the right bank of the Coin to Staines, passing on the left Stafiwell, a small village with a church and Independent chapel. STAINES is a small market-town and parish in the hundred of Spelthorne, in Middlesex, 16 miles from London, near the junction of the Coin with the Thames. Its name is derived from the Saxon Stana, a stone, alluding to the pillar, bearing date 1280, which stands above the bridge at Colnditch, and forms the boundary of the jurisdiction pos- sessed by the imperial city over sixty miles of the course of old Father Thames. In 1009 an army of the Danes crossed the river here on their return from Oxford, which they had burned. Staines is a lordship of the crown, and governed by two con- stables and four headboroughs, chosen yearly by the king's stewards. The town is principally built on each side of one of the great west roads, forming one wide street; and it has been greatly improved of late years, particularly by removing the GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 19 market-house, which formerly stood in the centre. The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, has been rebuilt in place of a structure by Inigo Jones. Here are places of worship for Baptists, Quakers, and Inde- pendent Methodists ; a Literary Institution, founded in 1835, a Lancasterian School, a National School, and a School of Industry. Population, 6789, viz., Staines, 2486, Egham, 4203. hms, the Clarence Hotel, Angel and Crown. Market-day, Friday. Fairs, May 11, for horses and cattle; September 19, statute, for onions and toys. Crossing a new stone bridge over the Thames, we reach Egham, a suburb of Staines, being a village and parish, 18 miles from London, in the hundred of Godley or Chertsey, in the county of Surrey. The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is a hand- some edifice, containing a mural monument with sculptural figures to Sir John Denham, Baron of the Exchequer, father of the poet. Inns, Crown, Catherine Wheel, and King's Head. In the neighbourhood of Staines are flour-mills and calico-grounds. About Similes on the London side is the village of East Bedfont, remarkable for its ruins. It has a small antique rural church, dedicated to St. Mary, and at the southern entrance of the churchyard two yew trees fantastically trimmed into the form of peacocks, and made to represent 1704, the date of the metamorphose. The population is 968, and there is an inn called the Black Dog. On the west, at JVyrardisbury, was formerly a Bene- dictine nunnery. At Riinnymede, near Egham, the barons assembled to force the great charter from the reluctant John, and in these meadows races, the English Olympic games, are annually held, and attract a large number of visitors to the sacred spot. The place where the compact was signed was in a small island, opposite Ankerwyke, called Magna Charta Island. Here, on the 19th of June, 1215, 20 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. this era of English freedom was estabhshed, and rights secured to the people, which are an eternal watchword to all the nations of Europe. Here Father Thames rolls on his course, and meets the Coin, the scene of Milton's meditations ; while Cooper's Hill, celebrated by Denham, rises over the scene. Denham Court W2is the residence of the bard of that name, and enjoys aiine view of Windsor Castle. Camomile Hill, on the west, was so called, from the herb which grows there abundantly, and which was formerly cultivated for the market. In the Thames and its tributaries are many ozier beds called aits, producing considerable profit. We now pass the West Drayton station with its engine-house, and crossing the Coin, enter Bucking- hamshire, and the plastic clay district. The scene is for a short time excluded from our view by the cuttings, but is soon to burst upon our sight with greater attractions than ever. Iver Church lies upon the right of the cutting in which we are ; and the village containsseveral flour-mills and a cotton- mill, and by means of the Grand Junction Canal keeps up a considerable trade with the metropolis. In 1 789 it suffered seriously from a storm. Its popu- lation is 1870. On the left of the embankment is the church at Langley Marsh, an extensive parish with a population of 1797. On the right, farther on, is Langley Park, an elegant stone mansion, erected by the Duke of Marlborough at the foot of a sloping lawn, and having in front a fine piece of water. The Black Park is so called from bemg planted en- tirely with firs, and has in the centre a beautiful lake. We now enter upon an open piece of country and arrive at Slough Station. SLOUGH is a small market-town and township on the Western road, 20^ miles from London, partly in the parish of Stoke Pogis, and partly in that of Upton, and in the hundred of Stoke. It is cele- brated as the residence of an illustrious family of GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 21 astronomers, and as the scene of many of their dis- coveries in science. At this place Sir William Herschel erected the giant telescope, which is more a wonder in the eyes of the vulgar, than the new worlds he brought to light ; and here his son con- tinues those labours in the northern hemisphere, which he has exercised with so much distinction in the south. Inns, the Crown and the Red Lion. Market-day for cattle, Tuesday. At the Crown Inn is the office of the Railway Company. lougl^ Station. From London, 18^ miles. Miles To Slough i To Upton i ToDatchet 2^ To Windsor 2 . To Old Windsor .... 4 To Ascot 8 ToChalvev 1 From Bristol, 99i miles From Cheltenham, lOOi miles. Milfs. To Stoke Pogis 1 ToChalfont 9 + To Beaconstield .... 6^ ir^ To Amersham 6i From Exeter, 17*^ miles. From Bath 88^ miles. Omnibuses to Windsor. 22 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. The tourist who is desirous of visiting; poetic sites can make no excursion more interestins^ than to Chahbut St. Giles. On leaving the station, he pro- ceeds a mile to Stoke Pogis, celebrated as the place where Gray finished several of his admired poems, while residing with his family. The church is de- dicated to St. Giles, and under a plain slab in the chancel he was interred, in 1771, with his mother and his aunt. The churchyard is one of the locali- ties believed to be the scene of his well-known Elegy ; and in a field adjoining, Mr. Penn, in 1779, with a liberality which confers as much honour on him as on the bard, erected a monument to his memory. It is a stone sarcophagus, supported on a square pedestal, of which each face contains an inscription selected from his works. There is a chapel for the Wesleyans, and an Hospital for poor men and women, founded in 1557 by Lord Hastings, and rebuilt and farther adorned in 1765 by the munificent Penn. The population is 1252. Stoke Park, with a small stream running through it and forming lakes, is one of the noblest seats in Buck- inghamshire. In the reign of Edward III., Lord Molines procured a licence from the crown to con- vert this manor-house into a castle, which descended to the Lords Hungerford, and the Hastings, Earls of Huntingdon, from whom, by marriage with an heiress, it devolved to Sir Edward Coke. Here, in IGOl, he received Queen Elizabeth in one of her begging excursions, and, besides feasting her nume- rous train, presented her with jewels to the amount of 1000/. This kind of itinerant performance has been recommended to our present maiden Queen, and in case of a stoppage of the supplies, might be worthy of adoption. It was subsequently purchased by William Penn, successor of the great man of that name in the proprietorship and government of the State of Pennsylvania and a worthy inheritor of the liberality of his genius. The Old Manor- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 23 House is the opening subject of Gray's humorous poem of the ' Long Story;' and on Penn demoUsh- ing the building; preparatory to a new edifice, he left a portion in honour of the poet. He also erected the monument to him at Stoke and another in the park. Following the road, the traveller^ passing through West End, Stoke Common, and Upper End, and skirting Bulstrode Park, arrives, after a journey of six miles, at Gerrard's Cross on the Beaconsfield- road. Here are two inns, the Bull and the French Horn. Bulstrode was originally built by that in- famous traitor to the people of England, Judge Jeffries, but, on his forfeiture, was grant:^d to the Duke of Portland by William TH. It is now the seat of the Duke of Somerset, and is adorned with some fine paintings. The grounds contain a choice collection of exotics, and the park extends over 800 acres. The road now takes a winding course by Orchard Hill House to the Three Households, and leads to Chalfont. Chalfont has been already de- scribed (p. 16). Should the traveller wish to return to the station by a different road, he may visit at Beaconsjield the tombs of Waller and Burke, or may take the Fulmer-road ; or he may set out by Fulmer and return by Stoke Pogis. We shall now describe the road from Slough by Fulmer. About 1^ mile we arrive at Wexham, which has a church dedicated to St. Mary, of which the living, a rectory, is in the gift of the Lord Chancellor. Among its mcumbents was the learned Fleetwood, who here, from 1705 to 1708, composed his ' Chronicon Pretiosum.' Its population is 181. We now proceed through a dis- trict abounding in ragstone ; and crossing the common and a brook tributary to the Colne, reach the small village of Fulmer, three miles farther.' Its population is 391. From this place the traveller 24 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. can go to Redhill on the Amershara-road, and so by that road and along the river Misbourne, through Chalfont St. Peter, or else by Gerrard's Cross, as before described. From Slough, the traveller to Beaconsiield has to go about a mile to Salt Hill, the scene of the Mon- tem, a triennial begging-day of the Eton scholars. It takes place on Whit Tuesday, when the boys, dressed as Turks, officers, and merry-andrews with salt-boxes, march in procession to the hillock called Salt Hill, where the head scholar twirls a flag, and the others carry the begging-box about for him, to extract money, nolejis volens, from the spectators, of whom, as a matter of course, there are crowds to behold such an intellectual spectacle. The king or queen very often gives fifty pounds, and the collection generally amounts to about a thousand pounds, which is supposed to go to the head scholar to maintain him at college, but the expenses generally eat up the greater part. Each of the boys also lays out a considerable sum in masquerade dresses, being a part of the extras charged for receiving a superior education. The ceremony is supposed to have been derived from a memorial or parochial custom, like the charity- boys in London beating the bounds, and can be traced up to the time of Queen Elizabeth. Here are two good inns, the Castle and Botham's hotel, commanding fine views of Eton College and Windsor Castle. The traveller at Salt Hill crosses the Chalvey Brook, and turning to the right arrives at Farnham Royal. The manor here belonged to the Earls of Shrewsbury, but was exchanged by them with Henry the Eighth ; they still however reserved the privilege of fitting the right hand of the king with a glove on the coronation day, and of support- ing his arm while he holds the sceptre, which were the conditions attached to the original tenure. The GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 25 road then lies in a direct line, passing Hedgerley on the risht, BE ACONSFIELD derives its name from a beacon formerly placed there, and is a small market -town and parish on an eminence, in the hundred of Burn- ham, and county of Buckingham, 23 miles from London. It is celebrated as the residence of the poet Waller and Edmund Burke. The town con- sists of four streets, crossing each other ; the high street, forming the Uxbridge road, being three- quarters of a mile long. Many of the houses are built of a mixture of flint and brick. The principal business is that which is done at the markets and fairs in the sale of cattle. The church is an ancient structure, dedicated to All Saints, composed of flint and square stones, and consisting of a nave, chancel, and 'ateral aisles, with a tower at the west end. It was formerly a part of the monastery of Burnham. In the chancel is a mural tablet dedicated to Ed- mund Burke, his son and his brother, and in the churchyard is a tabid monument of white marble to the poet Waller. There are several minor chari- ties in the town, supported by bequests from the Waller family and others. Beaconsfield is a polling- place for the county. Population, 1763. Inns, White Hart and the Saracen's head. Market-day, Wed- nesday. Fairs, Feb. 13; and Holy Thursday, for horses, cows, and sheep. At Halls Court, about a mile south from the town, the descendants of the poet still reside in the man- sion, built by their great ancestor ; Butler's Courty the residence of Burke, was a mile distant, but is now pulled down. The road to Amersham is through a district be- longing to the county of Herts, but lyim; in Buckinghamshire, and passes through Knocklocks Green and Larkins Green into the glen of the ro- 26 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. mantic Misbourne. Amersham has been already fully described at p. 17. From Sloiii::h it is but a short distance to Upton^ which is a small villasfe, with an ancient church, in the Saxon style, dedicated to St. Lawrence, and containincr several monuments to the Bulstrode famil}', one of whom Vv'as Esquire of the Body to the Seventh and Ei.9, Easter Tuesday for horses and cattle, July 5th for ditto, sheep and wool, Octoher 24 for horses and cattle. Omnibuses to Slouo;h Station. Windsor Castle is the most magnificent castel- lated palace in the world, and equally interesting from its architectural beauties as from its historical associations. It contains the royal residence, mauso- leum, and chapel of the Order of the Garter. John retired in desperation to this castle after the signa- ture of Magna Charta; and here Edward III. founded the Order of the Garter ; and the Duke of Hereford gave his famous challenge to the Duke of Norfolk, which led to the deposition of Richard II. Henry VIII. wrote in this palace his treatise * De Septem Sacramentis,' against Luther, which earned for the English crown the title of Defender of the Faith. In the civil war it was garrisoned for the people of England by Colonel Venn, afterwards one of the king's judges; and here Cromwell and the council of officers drew up the remonstrance calling upon Parliament to put Charles I. on his trial. Among the prisoners confined in these towers have been several of the Norman Princes, John, King of France, David, and James I., Kings of Scotland, and Charles I., King of England. James Land the Earl of Surrey composed severalof their poems here; and here Shakspeare used to recite his works before Queen Elizabetti. Among the principal visiters have been* Sirrismund, Charles V., and Charles VI., Emperors of Germany; Henry, King of France ; two Philips, Kiuirs of Spain ; Christian, King of Den- mark; and the Queen of Portugal. The Duke of Wellington holds the honour of Strathfieldsaye of the castle of Windsor by presenting a small flag on the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo. William I. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 33 founded the castle, and it was enlarojed by Henry I., and strengthened by Henry HI. Edward III. re- built the whole, with the exception of three towers at the west end of the lower ward. The works, which were very extensive, were carried on by the usual means of that day, much as the pyramids of Egypt were built. Workmen, carts, and horses were impressed in every part of the country : and in 1356 the celebrated William of Wykeham was ap- pointed clerk of the works, with full powers, and a fee of Is. a day, and another shilling travelling ex- penses ; his clerk having 3^. a week. In 1360, 360 workmen were impressed, some of whom thought proper to leave, and take other places, where they were better paid ; whereupon an ordinance was issued to capture the runaways, and secure them in Newgate, and forbidding any one to employ them under penally of forfeiture of goods and chattels. In 1362 the sheriffs had orders to catch 302 masons and diggers of stone ; and in 1363 it came to the turn of the glaziers. Henry VII. made considerable im- provements ; and Queen Elizabeth constructed the terrace walk on the north side of the castle. Charles II. thoroughly repaired the castle in a barbarous style ; and George III., out of his privy purse, re- stored St. George's chapel, and the north front of the upper w^ard. On the accession of George IV. a complete renovation was commenced, under Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and money to the extent of 800,000/. granted by parliament at different periods. The castle stands on twelve acres of ijround, having batteries and bastions for defence, and has a popula- tion of 322 persons. It consists of two wards, be- tween which is the keep, or round tower. The upper ward is a spacious quadranirle, bounded on the west by the round tower, on the north by the royal apartments, St. George's Hall, and the chapel, and on the east and south by the officers residences. 34 GREAT -WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Here is a bronze statue of Charles 11. on horsebaclc, executed by Steda, and the carving in bas-relief by Grinling Gibbons, at the expense of Tobias Rustat, Esq., in 1G80. The keep, or round tower, com- mands a most extensive view ; it is the residence of the governor or constable of the castle, and con- tains the guard-room, or armoury, decorated with arms in the usual style. The lower ward, which is more extensive than the upper, is separated into tv^'o parts by St. George's Chapel, which occupies its centre ; on the north side are the houses of the dean and canons, and on the west those of the poor knights of Windsor, who are a certain number of ancient naval and military officers. The royal apart- ments are entered from the upper ward through a handsome vestibule ; the principal rooms of this magnificent suite are, the queen's guard-chamber and audience-chamber, the ball-room, the queen's drawing-room and bed-chamber, the room of beau- ties, the queen's dressing-room, Queen Elizabeth's or the picture-gallery, and the king's bed-chamber, drawing-room, public dining-room, audience-cham- ber, presence-chamber, and guard-room. Here are contained a splendid collection of works of art of all the great masters, and a great number of vi'^orks of Sir Thomas Lawrence, called the Waterloo gallery. The chapel of St. George is in the florid style, of which it is a remarkably fine specimen. The original founda- tion is attributed to Henry I., but it was rebuilt by Henry III., and again by Edward UI. ; and the present pile was commenced under Edward IV., by Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury ; con- tinued by Sir Reginald Bray, the architect of Henry Vllth's chapel at Westminster, and completed in the reign of Henry VUI. It is an elegant cross- formed structure, the wmdows decorated with painted glass, and the choir beautifully carved by Grinling Gibbons. The great east window was designed by GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 35 West, and executed by Jarvis and Forest, and the altar-piece of the Last Supper is also by West. The collegiate establishment consists of a dean, four canons, seven minor canons, and thirteen clerks. The dean is one of the oflicers of the Order of the Garter, to which the chapel is devoted. This order consists of twenty-four knights, all of the rank of an earl, or above, and an unlimited number of sovereigns and princes of the blood: it is esteemed the most illustrious of the noble orders of Europe, surpassing even that of the Golden Fleece, and is often borne by foreign sovereigns on their coinage. In Urswick chapel is the admired monument to the princess Charlotte, by Wyatt. At the east end of the chapel is the royal tom.b-house, commenced by Henry VII., and carried on by Cardinal Wolsey, for his own sepulchre, and prepared as a Catholic chapel by James II. It was disused until ISOO, when it was restored, and fitted up as a mausoleum for the royal family. Among the princes interred here are, be- sides several earlier princes, Henry VI., Edward IV. and his queen, Henry VIII., and Queen Jane Sey- mour, Charles I., George III., George IV., William IV., Queen Charlotte, Dukes of York and Kent, &c. The castle is situate on a high hill, commanding the Thames, and around it is a terrace extending 1870 feet, the declivity leading to which is faced with stone. One road to Old Windsor is by the new town; when half a mile from Windsor we pass Frogmore, a favourite residence of old Queen Charlotte and the princesses, where they used to hold fancy fairs, and make hay with white kid gloves on. Not fai off is Adelaide Lodge, in the Home Park, a cottage of two rooms, with a bed-chamber and pages' room built and fitted up in a kind of Ehzabethan style Along the road is the Little or Home Park, contain ing 500 acres. 36 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Old Windsor is a parish and village in the hun- dred of Ripplesmere in Berkshire, 22 miles from London. The Aniz;lo-Saxon kings of England are said to have had a palace here, and it was a royal domain, mentioned in Domesday Book, as belonging to Edward the Confessor and William I. In the cemetery are interred several persons of rank: Mrs. Frances Sheridan, the novelist, wife and mother of distinguished individuals ; and Mrs. Mary Robin- son, an authoress and actress, well known in her day as playing Perdita to George IV.'s Florizel. Here are a parochial school and a school of industry. PopulatioJi, 1453. Another road is by Datchet, and so across the Thames. One road to Ascot is through Windsor Great Park, which is fifteen miles in circuit, and contains 3800 acres, or six square miles. Here on the 9th of July, in the sixth year of Ed- ward I., a grand tournament was held. It is inter- sected by the Long Walk, one of the noblest avenues in Europe, and contains a colossal equestrian statue of George III., by Westmacott. Virginia water is one of the most beautiful lakes in the world, and next to Blenheim the largest piece of artificial water in the empire. It is supplied by a small stream, running through the park, and forms a cascade near the Southampton road, rolling down into a romantic glen. Near the cascade is a cave con- si ructed of immense stones from Bagshot heath, supposed to have Ibrmed a Celtic cromlech. There are several bridges across this water, one of which is a single arcu of 165 feet span. George IV.'s Fishing-temple is a gorgeous edifice in his favourite style ; and there is also a battery of twenty-one guns called the Belvidere. On the lake are several pleasure-boats, and a little frigate. The district called Windsor Forest^ situate to the GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 37 west and south of the tovvn, was formerly 120 miles in circuit, but its bounds are now reduced to about 56 miles. Ascot Heath, the scene of the celebrated races, is a part of the barren tract called Bagshot Heath, forming a sandy deposit on the plastic clay of the London basin. It was formerly notorious for its highway robbers, but they are now reduced to black legs. A new Grand Stand has lately been erected here. Chalvey Green lies a little to the left of Salt Hill, near the Eton road, and is a hamlet of Upton. Here is Queen Anne's Spring, the waters of which Dr. Heberden considered to be as powerful as those of Malvern. Queen Anne used to drink them, and also Queen Charlotte, to commemorate which George HI. had a stone placed over the spring, with the initials C.R., and the date, 1785. The traveller is now again recalled to the scenes presented by the railway, and proceeds parallel to the Thames, and in full view of Windsor Castle, which rises in giant grandeur over the wide-spread- ing meadows. Perhaps from the Round Tower floats the banner which proclaims the presence of the sovereign, and like the kerchief of a lover waving in the distance, seems to attract our homage for its fair mistress. On the right and on the left are the ivy-mantled towers of Upton and Stoke Pogis, awaking the plaintive musings of the poet Gray. On the banks of the Thames we may imagine Falstaff still to linger with the world which Shak- speare made. Beyond, Cooper's hill is seen afar oft*; and before it Windsor Forest, the Arcadia of the youthful Pope. Tf we look down the river behind us, we may miagine the meadows covered with an armed throng, and the Great Charter frowning l)e- neath the baffled monarch's hand. Behind the hills on our left is the site where Milton gave to the 38 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. world the sjrandest work which had appeared for twenty centuries, — where Hampden resisted the op- pression of tyrants, — and where repose the ashes of Waller, Burke, and Gray. Windsor, the poet's favourite theme, and in whose towers captive princes sanof, looks the presiding deity of the scene, and charms the traveller s gaze. Slough, where new worlds first caught human sight, flies behind us, while Father Thames careering on his way, meets us on. our road, and seems to invite us to his lovely haunts. On our left lies the river, and in front of it the Maidenhead road ; on our right we first pass Farn- ham Royal and then Burnham. This is a parish in the hundred of the same name, and formerly of some importance, but now deriving its chief prosperity from the annual fairs for horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs, which are held on the 28th of February, 1st of May, and 2nd of October. The church is dedicated to St. Peter, and the living is in the patronage of Eton College. Among the incumbents was Cole, the Cambridge antiquarian, from 1744 until 1780. The church contains monuments to the families of Hastings, Evelyn, Eyre, Hawtrey, and Sumner. The principal attraction of the village, however, is the ivied ruin of the abbey, lying about a mile to the south, on the left of the railway. It was an Augustine nunnery, built in 1228, by Richard, Earl of Corn- wall, and King of the Romans, brother of Henry HI. It presents some line specimens of the early "lancet style, and also contains an ancient chimney. Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, was born in this parish. Its pojiulation is 2137. We have crossed the Two Mile Brook running down to Chalvey, and still farther the road which passes by the abbey leading from Burnham to the village ofDorney. We have now the town of Maidenhead in front, the Thames extending on each side, and its banks waving with the groves of Cliefden, Taplow, and so many poet- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 39 hallowed scenes. In this paradise we conclude our tour, and stop upon the verdant shores of Father Thames. The railway approaches Maidenhead by a splendid viaduct of two arches, each of 128 feet span ; a noble monument of the public spirit of the engineer, and the Uberality of the company. The arches are said to be the largest which have ever been constructed in brick, and are formed, like most of the arches on the line, not in the usual way, but with the bricks laid on their sides. MAIDENHEAD or MAIDENHITHE, is a mar- ket-town andchapelry 26 miles from London,in Berk- shire, partly in the parish of Bray, and partly in that of Cobham and hundred of Bray, but having separate jurisdiction. It was anciently called South Ailing- ton, and subsequently Maidenhithe, but what was the cause of this change is unknown. It was first incorporated by Edward III., and afterwards by James II. The government consists of a mayor, who is justice of "the peace, coroner, clerk of the market, and judge in his own court ; ten aldermen, a high steward and two bridgemasters. A session is held twice a year, and the mayor's court sits every three weeks. The town is pleasantly situated on the borders of the Thames, and on the great "Western road, and consists of one long paved street. The district church, built in 1829, is an elegant structure in the pointed style, and the living a curacy in the archdeaconry of Berks, and diocese of Oxford, valued in P. R. 120/. An almshouse was founded in 1659 by James Smyth, Esq., for eight poor men and their wives, who are allowed four shilhngs a week, and thirty shillings a year for coals. Besides the Great Western viaduct over the Thames, there is a magnificent bridge of thirteen arches, erected at the expense of 20,000/. The approach to it is grand and spacious, having on the sides a broad E 2 40 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. pavement protected by a handsome balustrade, and commandins; a pleasinjx view over the river, par- ticularly towards the north. The Great Western Railway Company have a considerable station here, 42 feet above the level of the London depot, with engine-house, police station, and the usual offices. There is a jail for debtors and felons. The principal trade is in malt, meal, and timber, and the passin'ham 10 ^.^^ S . ._^ To High Wycombe . 10 .^ ■!■ ©S, rj.^ (^oold)am 2i To Great Marlow ... Gi From Bristol 95 miles. From Exeter 170 miles. From Bath 84 miles. Omnibuses to Maidenhead. To go to High Wycombe, the traveller passes the Dumb Bell Lin, and proceeds to London as far as the Horse and Groom Inn, where he turns upon the left, and proceeds to Burnham, already described. He then passes by the side of Dropmore Lodge through Brook End, Wigmore Heath, and Hickew ham to Beaconsfield, described at p. 25. From Beaconsfield he proceeds three miles to Loudwater, which is a chapelry in the parish of High Wycombe, seated on the Loudwater brook, a tributary of the Thames, and which turns several GREAT WESTER?? RAILWAV GUIDE. 41 paper-mills, for which the village is famous. Three miles farther is HIGH WYCOMBE, or CHIPPING WY- COMBE, an ancient borough, market-town,^ and parish, 29 miles fromLondon, having separate juris- diction, but locally situated in the hundred of Des- borough in Buckinghamshire. The many Roman remains found here attest its occupation by that people ; while its importance among the Saxons is proved by the name of cheaping or market, which they gave to it. The borough was governed by a mayor in the reign of Edward III., when it is said to have been incoiporated. The privilege of sending two members to parhament has been exercised with- out intermission smce the time of Edward I. The cor- poral ion hold sessions for offences not capital, and a court of record for the lecovery of debts under 40/. The town is reckoned the handsomest in the county, although not the larsfest, and owes its prosperity to the Loudwater or AVycombe stream, which flows through the town towards the Thames, and sets in moUon a number of corn and paper mills. It stands on the Oxford road, and consists of one main street, with smaller branches. The town-hall is a handsome building, erected in 1757 by the Earl of wShelburne. The ancient church, dedicated to All Saints, is in the early Endish style, and con- tains a fine altar-piece of St. Paul preaching to the Druids, and handsome tombs to Heniy Earl of Shel- burne, and the Marchioness of Lansdowne. The Baptists, Quakers, and the Independent Methodists, have also places of worship. There is a free gram- mar school, a Lancasterian school for girls, and almhouses for six aged widows. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the paper-mills, lace-manu- factures, and malting-trade. Among the most distinguished townsmen was William Alley, bishop of Exeter, and one of the translators of the Bible. 42 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAV GUIDE. The place j^ives the titles of earl and baron to the distinguished family of statesmen, the Marquises of Lansdowne. Popnkitio7i 3101. hms, the Red Lion, and the Falcon. Market-day, Friday. Fair, Mon- day before Michaelmas. In the neighbourhood are IVycombe Park, the seat of Sir J. D. King, and Wycombe Abbey, the seat of Lord Carrington. The Wendover Road pre- sents many interesting objecls ; about two miles and a half on it is West Wycombe, which has a church surrounded by an ancient intrenchment, and having on the tower a ball capable of containing twelve persons. There is a handsome monument to Lord Le Despencer. Desborough Castle near there is an encampment with a double entrenchment. Five miles larther is Prmces Risborough, with a Saxon camp, and monuments of the Knights Templars, and Monks lUsbomugh, with a cross 100 feet high and 50 feet ])road, cut in the side of a high and steep chalk hill. To the right of Risborough is Great Hain])den, with the tomb and the seat of the illustrious patriot of that name, whose resistance to illegal taxes accelerated the outbreak, and led to the prosecution of the oppressive monarch. The piece of land on which the twenty shillings ship-money •was attempted to be levied lies a little to the south of the mansion. The road to Wycombe by Beaconsfield is the longest, being 14 miles, but the traveller can proceed by Great Mario w. The pleasantest, but the longest road is by the banks of the Thames. On crossing the Thames and turning to the left, we enter the village of Taplow, in Buckinghamshire. The church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and contains the remains of Sarah Milton, mother of the immortal bard, who resided here for some years, and Anne Countess of Orrery, celebrated among her cotemporaries for her virtues GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 43 and beauty. Here in the last century a cave was found in the chalk, supposed to have been formed by the Britons. Taplow Court, close by, was formerly the residence of the Harapson family, and after- ward^ of the Marquis of Thomond. Pursuing our way, and passing Hitcham, we come to the cele- brated Cliefden, erected in the time of Charles II., by the Duke of Buckingham, in a style of princely magnificence. It afterwards belonged to one of the Hamiltons, who having served under the great Duke of Marlborough, amused himself in planting trees to represent the battle of Blenheim. Frederick, Prince of Wales, and his consort here brought up George III. On the 20th of May, 1795,^it was destroyed by fire, and the tapestry representing Marlborough's victories consumed. In 1819 the estate was dismembered, and its glories are now only recalled by the beauties of the site, or the lines of the poet. Turning to the right of the village of Hedsor is the ancient town of West or Bishop's Wobur7i, of which the market is long .since disused. The town has a considerable population, and the inhabitants are employed in the manufacture of lace, and in the corn and paper mills, which are turned by the Loudwater or Wycombe stream, running through the place. The fairs, for cattle, horses, and sheep, are holden on the 4th of May, and No- vember 1 2. The church is dedicated to St. Paul, and is a large ancient building with a nave, lateral aisles, and a massive tower. It contains a curiously-carved font and monuments to the Bertie and Wharton families. The Independents and Wesleyans have places of worship, and there is a Lancasterian school. The manor-house was formerly a seat of the Bishops of Lincoln, who were the diocesans. In one of the apartments, Thomas Chace, of Amer- sham, was imprisoned in 1506 for his religious principles by the bishop, and was at length strangled. 44 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Continuing our way we corae to Morland Wood; where Chace was buried in a cross-road, on the plea that he had hanged himself. Next comes Little Marlow, with a population of 783. It lormerly be- longed to Edith, Queen of Edward the Confessor, and in the reign of Henry II. a Benedictine nunnery was founded here. The church is an ancient rural edifice, and contains nothing remarkable. We now arrive at, GREAT MARLOW or CHIPPING MARLOW, an ancient borough, market-town, and parish in Buckinghamshire, situated on the Thames 31 miles: from London. The town had a market in the time of the Saxons, whence it derives its name, and sent two membeis to Parliament from the '25th Edwiird I. to the 2nd Edward II., and then discontinued the privilege until the 25th James I., when it was restored, and continues to the present day. The town consists of two principal streets and three smaller ones. The manufactures are black silk, lace, and paper ; copper and brass at Temple Mills ; and rape and linseed oils. The church is dedicated to All Saints, and is an ancient and spacious edifice, consisting of a nave, aisleSj transept, and chancel, with a stone screen, a handsomely carved oaken altar, and many monu- ments. On the tower is a wooden spire, built in 1627. There are free-schools for boys and girls, founded in 1624 by Sir William Borlase, and an almshouse for widows. The town-hall is a hand- some building, and there is a new bridge over the river. The petty sessions are holden here. Popii- latio?7,6\62. Market-da?/, Ssitmd-a.y. Fairs, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd May, and 29th October for horses, cattle, &c. Inn, the Crown. Three miles to the west is Medmenham, celebrated for its ancient abbey, a very picturesque object on the banks of the Thames. In the last century a so- ciety of men of wit and fashion got up a mock monas- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 45 tery here under the name of the monks of St. Francis, and are said to have acted perfectly in accordance with the motto still carved over the door, " Fay ce .cun voudras." In the opinion of the inhabitants the gentlemen here on more than one occasion re- ceived the visits of an uninvited guest, in the pre- sence of his Satanic Majesty in person. A short distance from Medmenham is Hambledon, with a handsome and spacious church, rebuilt in 1721, and an ancient manor-house in which Charles I. took refutre when fleeing from Oxford to St. Alban's. The direct road to Marlow is on the Maidenhithe side of the Thames, by Park Corner and Bisham. This is a suburb and part of the borough of Marlow, and is sometimes called Bysham Montague. In the reign of King Stephen, a preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here by Robert De Ferrars. In 1338 a priory of Augustinian canons regular was founded here by William Montacute, Earl of Salis- bury, and from its ruins the present manor-house has been formed, in which Queen Elizabeth resided, and where a large state apartment is still called the queen's council-chamber. Departing from Maidenhithe by the south we come to Brayivick. On the left is the village of Bray : this is famous for its vicar, sometimes erro- neously attributed to Bray near Dublin, and to a personage of the time of Charles II. Fuller in his * Worthies,' says that this distinguished character under the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, was in succession Catholic and Protestant, twice over. On being reproached as a turn-coat, he replied, " Nay, nay, I always keep to my principles, which are these, to live and die vicar of Bray." Among the local customs are exemptions from market-tolls, and descent of land in failure of male heirs to the eldest female. Near there is Monkey Island, in the Thames, with a 46 GREAT WEi?TERN RAILWAY GUIDE. fishing-seat decorated at the expense of ten thou- sand guineas, with representations of monkeys, with the portrait of the owner, by the third Duke of Marlborough. From Brayswick the road is by Philbert Lod^^e, Hollyport, Moneylow Green, Foxley Green, and Tatchen Lane to the Hollyport River, a confluent of the Loddon, which is crossed by Cokely Bridge. To the right, at some distance, is Warjield with an ancient church, having some fine monuments in a chapel attached to the chancel. Binfield is next on the road, and contains a brick house the residence of Pope and his father. The district here forms part of Windsor Forest, and under a large tree, half a mile from the house, the young poet composed his ' Windsor Forest,' a fact commemorated by the words carved upon it, " Here Pope sang." Passing through a cross road from Backhurst to Froghall, we soon arrive at OAKINGHAM, or WOKINGHAM a market - town and parish, partly in Berks and partly in Wilts, but having separate jurisdiction. It has a corporation, and the alderman, high steward, and recorder, are justices of the peace, and hold half-yearly courts of session and petty sessions every fortnight. The town is a polling-place for Berks, and being the only town within the district of Windsor forest, was formerly the seat of the forest courts, now discontinued. It is si- tuated 30 miles from London, on the river Emme, a feeder of the Loddon, and is of a triangular form, consisting of several streets meeting in a spacious central market-place. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of silk, gauze, and shoes, and in the malting and flour trades. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is an ancient and handsome structure, and the living is a peculiar of the Dean of Salisbury, and in his patronage. The Baptists and Wesley ans have also places of worship. There is a free-school for boys and girls, a Sunday GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 47 school, alms-houses for sixteen men and women, founded in 1-4 51 by John Westend, and a bequest of 50/. a-year by Archbishop Laud, for apprenticins; boys and sirls. About a mile from the town is an hospital, founded in 1665 by Henry Lucas, Esq., for sixteen pensioners and a master, under the direction of the Draper's Company. There is a chapel at- tached, with a residence for the minister, who is perpetual curate of the parish. The town-hall is an ancient and handsome structure, of which the lower part is used as a market-house. Dr. Thomas God- win, Bishop of Bath and Wells, was born here in 1517, and educated m the free-school. Population^ 3139. /;2/7, the Rose, Market-day, Twe9,(!i^y. Fairs, April 23, June 11, October 11, and November 2, for horses and cattle. AVe have now crossed the Thames, and have it flowing to the ri^ht instead of the left of the road. In front of it the Western road still pursues the same course. On leavins: i\Iaidenhithe, we enter on an embankment, and have on our right Folly Hill, and a little farther, Tittle Row. We have then a cut- ting throuffh gravel and sand, which brinffs us into the chalk district ; and a little farther, after passing an embankment, we have on our left JVhite Wal- iham, or JValtham Abbas, the birth-place of Thomas Hearne, the antiquary, in 1678, celebrated by Pope, and where Roman remains have been found. Sme- win's House, on the Hollyport river, surrounded by a moat, and now in the occupation of a farmer, was a hunting-seat of Prince Arthur, eldest sun of Henry the Seventh, and the retreat of the learned Dodwell, first Camden professor of history at Oxford, who was buried at Shottesbrook. This village is the next on the left, and has an elegant church in the deco- rated style, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, with a tower and spire, built in 1337. It contains three stalls, under trefoil arches, a piscina, and a font, and 48 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. there was formerly a chantry. The next cutting is a mile Ions: through the chalk, and it is 20 feet deep, and crossed by a bridge carrying the Bray road, and then an embankment also with a bridge to Bray. Then comes a cutting 3 miles long and 31 feet deep, succeeded by a short embankment, and another cutting three-quarters of a mile long. The next vil- lage is St. Laurence Waltham, with a church, con- taining some ancient and beautiful monuments. An eminence near the church, called Castle Acre, was a Roman fortress, and commands a beautiful pro- spect. On the right of the railway is Hurleij, beau- tifully situated on the banks of the Thames. In 1086, in the reign of William I., a monastery for Benedictines was founded here by Geoffrey de Mag- navilla, and in a vault beneath the hall some of their bodies have been found. It is now called Hurley House, and is decorated with some fine paintings by Salvator Rosa. In its vaults the prin- cipal nobility held frequent meetings in the reign of Charles II. and his successor, and here signed the principal papers, which led to the revolution of 1688, and the deposition of James. Having passed TValtham St. Laurence and Ruscombe, we now arrive, by a cutting of gravel and clay, at TwYFORD, a chapelry in the parish of Hurst, partly in the hundreds of Charlton and Sonning, county of Berks, and partly in that of Amesbury, Wilts. It is 3,3 miles from London, on the western road, and at the confluence of the Hollyport river with the Lodden. In 1088 a battle was fought between the adherents of James II. and William III. The chapel is dedicated to St. Swithin, and was built in 1721 by Edward Polebampton, Esq., and the living is a peculiar of the Dean of Salisbury. The Independents have also a place of worship. There is an hospital for six poor people, founded in 1640 by Lady Francis Winchcombe, and a bene- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 49 faction of Mr. Poleharapton for clothing and edu- cating ten boys, hins, the King's Arms, and the Duke of Wellington. Fair*, July 24, and October 1 1 for horses, toys, &c. CiMuforlJ station. From London 30i miles. From Cheltenham 8Si miles. Miles. Miles. To Waltham St. Lau- To Henley 5 ToTnMd;::::::::; l-» + ^ To Wukiufiham 6 From Bristol 87 miles. From Exeter 162 miles. From Bath 76. On leaving Twyford, for Henley, we proceed about two miles to WARGRAVE, a town and parish in the hundred of the same name, situated near the confluence of the Loddon with the Thames. The market is now disused. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, con- tains the tomb of Thomas Day, a native of London, author of ' Sandford and Merton.' There is an en- dowed school. Population, 1423. Henerton is next passed, and Park Place. This is a noble mansion, with a good library and fine gallery. The pleasure-grounds are admirably laid out, and among other beauties has a retired valley, terminated by a Grecian ruin, and a Celtic temple, brought from St. Helier, in Jersey, by Marshal Conway. The Thames now lies before us, and at a short distance onthe ri2:ht, i?em.9, Whit Tuesday and Sept. 19. In the neighbourhood are celebrated quarries of freestone, and many Roman coins and antiquities have been found. On the top of Sponebed Hill is Kinsbury Castle, King's Barrow or Castle Godmn, an ancient fortification doubly entrenched, including about three acres, and as nearly square as the nature of the ground will permit. Its situation is good, commanding from its height all the adjacent stations. Buenos Ayres is a handsome modern edifice, pleasantly situated among beechen groves and commanding fine views. Hangma?fs Land is an acre of ground assigned to the tithingman of Shipsco?nbe Green, during the troubles in the reign of Edward VI., to act as executioner to a gibbet which was then erected here. To 20 to Tetbury, the traveller proceeds to MINCHINHAMPTON, which is alarge market- town, 99 miles from London, pleasantly situated on an eminence overlookmg the Frome. It is supposed to be the site of the battle of Ethandun, in which Alfred the Great defeated the Danes in 879. The manor was given by William the Norman to the 120 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. nuns of the Holy Trinity at Caen. In the rei^n of Henry HI. the right of holding a free market and two fairs was obtained. The church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is a large cross formed building, supposed to have been erected by the nuns of Caen. It consists of a nave, aisles, transepts, and chancel, with an octagonal tower in the centre, terminating in an embattled parapet, and formerly surmounted by a spire, which was blown down. At the south end of the transept is a very large window with ramified tracery and a rich wheel ; this part is said to have been built by one Ansloe, whose tomb, sustaining the statue of a knight, is placed under a pointed arch. In the churchyard is the tomb of James Bradley, astronomer royal, who discovered the aberration of light and the rotation of the earth's axis. There is a place of worship for Baptists. There is a dis- pensary, two free-schools, and a national-school. The manufacture of woollen cloth is carried on ex- tensively, but no longer with its former activity. From the scoria or iron slag dug up here, it is in- ferred that there was formerly a blomary or iron forge. Population, 1255. Z^z/zj-, the Glaziers' Arms and the Crown. Market-day, Tuesday. FairSy Trinity Monday and Oct. 29. On Amberley or Hampton Common is a remark- able and very extensive entrenchment, reaching nearly three miles, from the hamlet of Liftleworth to a valley on the opposite side of the town, and called JVoeful Danes' Botto)?i,fiUY)posed to have been the site of the battle of Ethandun. The Golden Vale is a romantic valley. Gatcombe Park was lono: the residence of David Ricardo, the eminent political economist. Proceeding on, we reach Avening, which has a church, dedicated to St. Mary, and in the form of a Norman cross, with a tower in the centre. The chief manufacture is in clothing. There are several GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 121 barrows in which human skeletons have been found, and near Gatcombe Park is Longstone, a large tumulus, with a stone at each end and a large one on the summit. TETBURYis a market-town, 99 miles from Lon- don, seated on a pleasant eminence near the source of the river Avon, which is crossed by a long bridge leading to ]\Ialmsbury. The town consists princi- pally of one low street, crossed at right angles by two smaller ones, with a large Market House near the centre. The streets are paved and lighted, and many of the houses built of stone. The petty ses- sions for the hundred are occasionally holden here. The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a handsome building in the pointed style, rebuilt in 1781, with the exception of the tower, to which, however, a spire was added. Here are meeting-houses for Baptists and Independents. There is a Grammar School, aFree School, a Sunday School,and an Alms- house. The manufacture is principally of woollen cloth, and the market was formerly noted for the sale of woollen yarns. Here was formerly a castle, said to have been built by the Britons, and here British and Roman coins and weapons have been found. Races are held every year on the common, a mile from the town. Population, 2939. In?is, the White Hart, the Three Cups. Market-day, Wed- nesday. Fairs, Ash Wednesday, Wednesday before and after April 5, and July 22. ' At Beverstone, 2 miles' on the Horesly road, are the remains of a castle, belonging to the Barons Berkeley. Leaving Stroud we pass through Rodborough, and turnins: to the left proceed to WOODCHESTER, formerly a Roman station of some importance, and remarkable for the splendid Roman antiquities that have been discovered in it. A noble tesselated pavement, superior to anything of M 122 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. the kind yet found in the kino;dora, is amons: thera. The design is a circular area, '25 feet in diameter, en- closed within a square frame of 48 feet, 10 inches, divided into 24 compartments, and enriched with a great variety of architectural ornaments, figures of beasts, &c. The town is supposed to have been the residence of the Proprgetor, and occasionally of the Emperor Adrian himself. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a low embattled tower at the west end, and contains a handsome altar tomb to Sir R. Hunt- ley and his lady, who are represented lying beneath a canopy, surrounded by figures of their ten children. Here is a place of w^orship for Baptists and a bene- faction for educating boys. The manufacture is clothing, and there are eight mills constantly em- ployed in the neighbourhood. The town is seated on an eminence, forming part of a range of hills, v»'hich bound a beautiful and fertile valley, and are clothed with fine beechwood. For Wotton- under- Edge we leave Stroud, and going down the Minchinhampton road, we turn down to the right near that town, and proceed through NoAlsworth to HoRSLEY, formerly a market town, but now dis- used. The church, dedicated to St. Margaret, is a spacious edifice, with a handsome tower. Here were formerly several monastic buildings, the only remains of which is an ancient gateway, standing near the church. Population, 3690. Passing by two miles on the Frampton road is Uley, with a church, and meeting-houses for Bap- tists, Independents and Wesleyans. On an emi- nence is an ancient encampment, called Uley Bury, and supposed, from the coins found there, to have been Roman. Passing by Symond Hall, we come to WOOtTON-UNDER-EDGE, 107 miles from GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 123 London, a market town seated on a sloping ground, at the top of which are some finely wooded hills. The town was destroyed by fire in the reign of King John, and was not rebuilt on the site it previously occupied, which is supposed to be at a place called Brands. At present it consists of two well-built streets, running in parallel lines, and watered by a stream which turns several clothing mills. The town is a polling-place for the county, and petty sessions are holden here. It received its privileges from Henry III. The under part of the town-hall is occupied as a market-house. The church is a large and handsome buildinsr, containing some cu- rious old monuments, and there are places of wor- ship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans, a free grammar-school, a blue-coat school, a general hospital, one for twelve aged persons, and an alms- house for six inmates. Population, 5482. Inns, The Swan, White Lion. Market-day, Friday. Fair, September 25. In the neighbourhood is Becketsbury, a square camp. Kingswood is locally situated in Wilts, but is in the neigliboarhood of TVotton. Here was a noted monastery for Cistercians, founded in 1139, by William de Berkeley, of which the gate and some other parts having been converted into dwellings, are still standing:. Alderley has one of the visible churches, according to Charles II. 's joke, bemg seated on a hill, but is better known as tiie birth- place of Sir Matthew Hale, whose descendants still live there. To Durslei/ the road lies through LEONARD STANLEY, formerly a market-town, but destroyed by fire in 1666, smce which time it has never recovered its former importance. The church is an ancient cross formed buildinir, with a low tower rising at the intersection, and very singularly con- structed, the walls being double, with a passage M 2 124 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. and recesses between them. The windows are in general lancet-shaped, but the west window is orna- mented with tracery. The interior contains some ancient monuments. Here was formerly a monas- tery of Benedictine monks, of which the Priory Kitchen and some oat-houses are still standing. Fopulatw??, 942. Fairs, St. Swithin's day, and November 6. To the left is King Stanley, said to have been the residence of one of the Mercian kings, and where are some remains of a Roman camp, near which eight altars were discovered. We now arrive at Frocester, a pretty village at the foot of an eminence commanding a fine prospect, and having an inn. The abbots of Gloucester for- merly had a sumptuous residence here, and it is also said to have been the site of a college of prebenda- ries. Lord Ducie has a seat here in the style of the time of Elizabeth, who in her progress through this county in 1574, made it her residence for a night. We next proceed to Cambridge Inn, and passing to the right, pursuing the course of the river Cam, through the village of that name, we arrive at DURSLEY, a market-town, pleasantly situated at the source of a small stream called the Cam, the spring or well-head of which, almost adjoining the churchyard, forms a pond about fifteen feet square, and after running a hundred yards, the current is sufficiently powerful to turn the water-wheel of a fulling-mill. In the reign of William the Norman, this place belonged to William de Berkeley, who is said to have built a castle in a place called Castle Field. Dursley was included in a list of boroughs within the county, made by the sheriff of Gloucester- shire in the reign of Edward I. ; but it does not appear that it ever sent members. It is a polling- place for the county. A handsome Market House was erected in 1738. The Church is a fine building GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 125 in the later pointed style, consisting of a large nave, aisles, and chancel, with a noble tower at the west end, ornamented with an embattled parapet. At the end of the south aisle is a chapel containing a cano- pied tomb, on which is the recumbent figure of a skeleton, supposed to be a memorial of Thomas Tanner, a great benefactor to the church in the time of Henry VI. The manufacture of vi'ooUen cloths is extensively carried on, also wire cards used by cloth-workers, and there is a paper matmfactory. The market is well attended. Near the town is a rock of freestone, called Towlestone, which, though soft in the quarry, hardens on exposure. The walls of Berkeley castle and the grained roof of Glouces- ter cathedral are built of this stone. Edward Fox, bishop of Winchester, a distinguished statesman of the reign of Henry VHI., was born here. Popula- Hon, 3226. Inns, the Old Bell, the Lamb. Market- day, Thursday. Fairs, May 6, and December 4. The road to Berkeley follows the previous route as far as Cambridge Inn, where it pursues the Bris- tol road. On the right is Slimbridge, the birth- place of Dr. Jenner, the discoverer of vaccination. At Alkington the road turns oft' to the rio;ht to BERKELEY, asmall market-town, 114 miles from London, seated on a pleasant eminence, surrounded by a branch of the Littleavon, in the midst of the fertile vale of Berkeley, and about a mile east of the Severn. Its origin is remote, being termed a royal demesne and free borough in Doomsda}^ Book. It was granted by William the Norman to Roi^er de Berkeley, whose grandson was deprived of it by Henry 11., who bestowed it on Robert Fitzharding, said to be descended from the ancient kings of Denmark, and progenitor of the noble family by whom it is still possessed. The town consists prin- cipally of one large street of indifferent buildings. Berkeley is a borough by prescription, governed by 126 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. a mayor and twelve aldermen, and having a court of requests. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a large and handsome ancient building;, the tower and body of which are separated, and containing several ancient monuments to the Berkeley family, and in the churchyard an epitaph by Swift on the Earl of Suffolk's fool. The town carries on consi- derable trade in timber, coal, malt and cheese, being much favoured by a cut to the Gloucester and Berkeley canal. The town is sometimes called the native place of Jenner. The vale of Berkeley is celebrated for the excellence of its dairy farms and for the production or Gloucester cheese. Population, 3899. Inn, the Berkeley Arras. Market-day, Wednesday. Fair, May 14. About three quarters of a mile from the town is Berkeley Castle, seated on a rising ground, and commanding a fine view of the surrounding country, and the river Severn. Ever since its foundation, in the time of William the Norman, it has formed the residence of the holders of the manor who lay claim to the barony from the fact of possessing it. The dungeon room in which the murder of Edward II. took place in 1327 is still shown. It was held for Charles I. during the civil wars, but surrendered to the Parliament in 1645. The form of the Castle approaches that of a circle, and the whole of the pile, which is very extensive, is surrounded by a moat. The keep, which is the most ancient part, is flanked by three semi-circular towers and a square area of modern construction. The apartments are adorned with a large collection of portraits, and Gobelin tapestry, and also with the cabinet furniture of Sir Francis Drake. To Moreton Valance, the road lies through Stone- house, seated on the river Frome and the Severn canal. The church is an ancient building, with a square tower at the west end, and there are two GREA.T WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 127 meetino:-houses, and two charity schools. Stone' house Court is an ancient mansion, much fallen into decay. On the other side of the river is King StaJileif, Pursuing our course by the river Frome, we arrive at Eastington and soon after at Moreton Valance and Wheatenhurst. On the other side of the Frome is Frampton on Severn, where the tides of the Severn run up with great violence and rapi- dity, and formerly occasioned considerable damage by overflowing the banks and inundating the neigh- bouring villages. This inconvenience was remedied by the Earl of Berkeley, who erected a great bulwark, called the Hockrib, which contains the waters within their proper channel. At spring tides part of the village is still frequently under water, and from its consequent dampness, the inhabitants are, during some seasons, much subject to the ague. We now return to the Cheltenham Railway, and have on our left Randwick and Standish. Beyond lies the winding course of the Severn and the vale of Gloucester. On the hills called Broad Ride is a singular camp supposed to have been a British station after the Roman Invasion. Harescomhe Church contains some curious old monuments. We now pass among a number of villages, but none of any note until we approach Gloucester, when we have on our left Hempstead Church, supposed to have been built in the fourteenth century, and consisting of only a nave and chancel, divided by a low tower. The interior is paved with painted bricks, and con- tains some remains of richly-painted glass, and the font is curious and ancient. At Matson is Robin^s Wood Hill, a delightful eminence in the shape of a cone, rising immediately from the vale, and forming a beautiful object to the surroundins: country. The ascent from the vale to the summit is nearly a mile in length and the soil being extremely fertile, every 128 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. side is covered with almost continual verdure. We now reach ^locci^ttr Station. From London 113 miles. From Cheltenham 6 miles. Miles Miles To Ledbury 17 To Stroud 8 To Ross 19 To Fainswick 5 To Hereford 31 ,.^. B_ __^ To Great Whitcombe. 5 To Mitcheldeaii 11 "^' T *^ To Newnhan 16 ToColford 20 From Bristol 78^ miles. From Bath 671 miles. The ancient city of GLOCESTER, 101 miles from London, is of high antiquity, and is the capital of the county to which it gives its name, and possesses separate jurisdiction, as being a county m itself. It stands on a plain on the eastern bank of the Severn, where that river is divided into two channels by the island of Alney. Its origin is ascribed to the Britons, by whom it is said to have been called Caer Gloen, or the Bright City ; and being one of the first places surrendered to the Romans on the invasion of the country by the Emperor Claudius, a. d. 44, it re- ceived from them the name of Glevum, or Glebon, and became a great military station. The northern suburb, called Kingsholm, is supposed to have been the immediate site of the Roman settlement, and many antiquities have been found there, and also a beautiful tesselated pavement, found in 1806, near the Blue-coat Hospital in Eastgate Street. During the short independence of the Britons after the Romans quitted the island, Glocester is said to have been governed by an Earl, who, according to Nen- nius, was the sole survivor of the British nobles, who were treacherously assaulted by Hengist on Salisbury Plain, and he subsequently took Hengist GREAT \VESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 129 prisoner in 488, and put him to death. After the battle of Dirham in the sixth Century, it was seized by the Kinofs of Wessex, but finally annexed to I\Iercia ; and about 6S0, Wulpher, the first Christian kin^ of Mercia, founded the monastery of St. Peter, and gave the city the Saxon name of Glocester. Here Kins: Athelstan was killed in 940 ; and Elgiva, the mistress of King Edwy, was seized and tortured by a party of soldiers in 956. In 99 7 Glocester was taken by the Danes, and in 1051 and 1053 Edward the Confessor held his court here, as did William the Norman in 1084 and 1085. In 1087 Glocester was nearly destroyed by fire in the contest between William Rufus and his brother Henry, and in 1094 it suffered from the Welsh. It was devastated by fire on several occasions, and parliaments were held herein the reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV. After the battle of Edghill, in which Charles I. was defeated, the citizens declared in favour of the Parliament, and repulsed the partisans of the King in several attacks. On the 10th August, 1643, Charles attacked the City in person with an army of 30,000 men, but was bravely repulsed by Colonel Massie, and the king was afterwards obliged to retreat by the Earl ot Essex. On the restoration of Charles II., the walls of the city were thrown down by his command. In 1687 it was visited by James II., in 1781 by George III., and in 1807, by George IV. The corporation possesses numerous ancient charters, and consists of a mayor, sheriffs, and aldermen. The mayor is clerk of the market, and steward or marshal of the king's household dur- ing royal visits to the city. The custom of borough- English, whereby estates descend to the youngest son, exists in this city. Glocester has sent two members to parliament since the 23rd of Edward I. Like many other Roman cities, Glocester consists of four streets, diverging from a common centre; 130 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. and it had anciently four g-ates, none of which are now standing, which give name to the streets, Eastgate Street, Southgate Street, Westgate Street, and Northgate Street. The continuation of East- gate Street, called Barton Street, is the site of a large fair in the month of September. The streets are well lighted with gas, and paved ; and water is supplied by pipes from Robin's Wood Hill, two miles distant. Since the discovery of the mineral spring in 1814, the town has been much improved. The assizes for the county are held here, and it is the county court and polling-place for the western division of the shire. The Shire Hall, in Westgate Street, is a noble edifice, by Sir Robert Smirke, with an Ionic four-column portico. The Tolsey, or town-house, has a pediment bearing the city arms; and in the council-chamber portraits of the late Dukes of Norfolk and Glocester. The County-Jail, built on the site of the castle, is a spacious edifice, on the plan of Howard, containing 203 separate cells, and having cost 40,00UZ. The City-Jail, in Southgate Street, was built in 17S2. The Market House in Eastgate Street was built in 1786, for the sale of corn, meat, &;c. The Market House in Southgate Street is for vegetables and fish. The monastery previously noticed was converted into a Benedictine abbey in the eleventh century, and was governed, in succession, by thirty-two abbots, when it was dissolved by Henry VI 1 1., and converted into a bishopric. The abbot was mitred, and a peer of parliament, as is the bishop who now takes the title of Bishop of Glocester and Bristol. The ca- thedral is one of the noblest buildings in England, of which the oldest parts, consisting of the crypt and aisles of the choir, were built, in 1058, by Aldred, Bishop of Worcester, and the nave, except the vaulted ceiling, by Abbot Serle in 1104, and succeeding abbots greatly beautified it: in 1457 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 131 the tower was built, and in 1490 the Lady Chapel. The choir is considered an unrivalled specimen of the florid style, and the aisles are peculiar from being formed in three stories. A gallery of com- munication, called the whispering gallery, runs alonir the upper side aisles of the choir. The mo- numents are numerous, and include those to Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, with a recumbent effigy in oak; Edward II., much admired ; the Earl of Stamford ; John Gaver, an architect of the church ; Mrs. ]Morley, by Flaxman : Abbot Parker; Alderman Blackleach ; Bishops Warburton and Nicholson ; Sir G. Paul, by Sievier ; Dr. Jenner, the discoverer of vaccination ; and Robert Raikes, the founder of Sunday schools. A triennial meet- ing is held here of the choirs of Glocester, Wor- cester, and Hereford. The cathedral occupies one side of a large area called College Green, in which a statue of Queen Anne has been lately erected. The church of St. Mary de Crypt is a fine Gothic building, with a central tower and crypts, in South- gate Street. St. IMichael's, in Eastgate Street, is a large building with a square tower. St. John's, in Northgate Street, was rebuilt in 1734, with the ex- ception of the steeple tower. St. Nicholas, in Westgate Street, consists of a handsome nave and aisles, with a tower and spire at the west end. St. Mary de Lode stands in a small square, to which it gives name, and is a very ancient edifice, but lately enlarged. In the north wall is a mural monument, said to be to Lucius, first Christian king in Britain; and in the churchyard is a recent memorial to Bishop Hooper, who was executed near this spot in the reign of Queen Mary. Holy Trinity church was built in 1823, near the spa. There is a Jewish synagoirue. Catholic church, and places of worship for Unitarians, Baptists, Independents, Quakers, Wesleyans, and Whitfieldites. There are two free 132 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. g:rammar-schools, that of the college, and that of St. Mary de Crypt; the blue-coat school, with a fine buildinj?; the national school; Glocester poor school, and numerous Sunday schools. The County Infirmary was built in 1775, and stands in South- o^ate Street. On the London road is the Lunatic Asylum. St. Bartholomew's Hospital is for 22 poor men, and 36 women ; and there are St. Mar- ofaret's, St. Mary's, and Kinburgh's Hospitals. The Theatre is in Westgate Street, and at the Spa, which is considered equal to Cheltenham, are a pump- room and several kinds of baths. The two bridges over the Severn, each of a single arch, are much admired. A quay, with wharfs for lading and un- lading shipping, extends along the banks of the Severn. Glocester is the first port in the river, and capable of receiving vessels of 500 tons ; and has its peculiar custom-house officers. In 1829 the tonnage of the port was reckoned at 13,000 tons, but it has now much increased, and Glocester has become one of the most important ports in the kingdom, and is one of those for the East India trade. Pin-making was first established here, in 1625, by John Tilsby, and, although much reduced, employs about 1500 persons. There is a bell- foundry in Oxbody Lane, which has been con- ducted for nearly 150 years by the family of Rud- hall, by whom nearly 4000 bells have been cast. In Northgate Street is a manufactory of fine woollen shawls, and there are also extensive manufactories of brushes and edgetools. In the Island is an iron foundry, and iron-works formerly subsisted here, for which the ore is said to have been obtained from Robin's Wood Hill. There were formerly several religious foundations, but all traces of them have disappeared. Two newspapers are published here. Among the natives of this place are Robert of Glocester, the Chronicler ; Miles Smith, Bishop of GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 133 Hereford, one of the translators of the Bible ; John Taylor, the water-poet; George Whitfield, the founder of a sect of Methodists ; and Robert Raikes, the founder of Sunday schools. Glocester has given titles of nobility to several eminent cha- racters, particularly to Robert Fitzroy, son of Henry I.; Gilbert de Clare, leader of the barons against Henry III.; Thomas of Woodstock, son of Edward III. ; Humphrey the Good, son of Henry IV. ; and Richard III. A new cross mail has been established to Southampton, and thence to Brighton. Papula- lion, 11,933. Inns, the Bell, Booth Hall, King's Head, and Ram. Market-days, Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs, April 5, July o, September 28, and November 28. To go to Ledbury we leave Glocester and the Jsle of Alney, and having the Severn on the right, and passinsr through Maismore, arrive at the Crown Inn at Ashelworth. We next go on to the Swan, and have on our left Corse, a parish beautifully situated, and at which is a handsome seat called Corse Court, formerly occupied by William Dowdes- well. Speaker of the House of Commons, and Chan- cellor of the Exchequer. We afterwards enter the counties of Worcester and Hereford, and pass through Stanton and Red Marley. Approaching Ledbury, on our right we have Eastnor Park, the seat of Earl Somers, built by Smirke. LEDBURY is a borough and market-town in Herefordshire, 120 miles from London, seated a mile from the river Leddon, on the declivity of a small eminence near the Malvern Hills. It returned members to parliament twice in the reign of Edward I., but this privilege has long since been discontinued. It is a polling-place for the county, and received a charter from Kmo: Stephen. The town consists of two principal streets, intersecting each other at right angles. The church of St. 134 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Michael is a large building of Saxon or Norman architecture, and consists of a nave, aisles, chancel, chapel of St. Catherine, and a detached tower and spire, and has some curious monuments and carving. There are places of worship for Independents, Bap- tists, and Wesleyans ; St. Catherine's Hospital, founded in 1232; several other almshouses; a free grammar school ; a charity school, a national school, and a school of industry. The manufactures of broad cloth and silk are now extinct, and the trade consists of hops, cider and perry, for which the neighbourhood is famous. Malting and tanning are also carried on, and near the town are quarries of limestone and marble for chimney-pieces. The Gloucester and Hereford canal passes through the town. Population, 3909. In?is, George, Feathers, and New Inn. Market-day, Tuesday. Fairs, iirst Monday after Feb. 1, Monday before Easter, May 12, June 22, first Tuesday in August, Oct. 2, and Monday before Dec. 21. At Marcle, six miles off, formerly stood Mortimer's and Ellingham Castles, and in the ancient church are some effigies, said to represent Roger Mortimer and his wife Joan, and daughter Blanche. The road to Newent is by the course of the Led- don and Higknam Court, the seat of Sir B. W. Guise, erected from a design of Inigo Jones, and containing portraits of Cromwell and Algernon Sidney. We afterwards reach NEWENT, an ancient market town, 112 miles from London, in the forest of Dean, and abounding with coal mines. It is said to have been formerly a borough, and had an alien priory founded in the Norman times, now occupied by the seat of the Hon. Mr. Foley. In the civil war of Charles I. it suffered considerably. The church is a large build- ing, containing many old monuments, and in the register the record of the burial of a woman in 1602, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 135 a2:edll2. Population, 1346. Market-day, YiidRy. Fairs, Wednesday before Easter, Wednesday before Whit Sunday; August 13, and Friday after Sep- tember 18. The traveller may pursue this road to Ledbury. when, passing parallel to a tunnel on the canal 2192 yards long, he arrives at Dyniock, which in the reign of Henry III. was a market-town. Sir John Wyn- tour maintained a garrison here for Charles I. in the old moated mansion near the road. At White- house, in the parish, John Kyrle, the Man of Ross, was born in 1637. For Ross we pursue the former route to Highnam, when we proceed to Churcham. At Nuts Hill we turn off to the right, and proceed through Longhope, Lee Bailey, and Weston, to ROSS, in Herefordshire, a town 120 miles from London, seated on an eminence at the confluence of the Rudhall Brook with the Wye. The market was granted to it by King Stephen, and it is a polling-place for the county. It was made a free borough by Henry III., and returned members to parliament in the time of Edward I., but resigned this right on petition. The town consists of two principal streets, intersecting each other ; these are narrow and inconvenient, and the houses have an ancient appearance, but lately much improved. The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a spacious and handsome building with a lofty spire, founded in the twelfth century by Robert Betun, Bishop of Here- ford. The east window is ornamented with painted glass, and in the interior is the tomb of Kyrle, the Man of Ross, adorned with the representation of Charity and Benevolence, by W. Marsh, and erected in 1776 in pursuance of a bequest of Lady Betty Duplin. There are also tombs of the Rudhale family, one of whom defended Hereford against Cromwell, and a bust of Mr. Brereton, by Theed. n2 136 GREAT WESTERN" RAILWAY GUIDE. In one corner of the church, near the pews, are two elm trees, springing from a tree on the outside, said to have been planted by the Man of Ross. In the churchyard is a small stone cross, to commemorate the devastation of the plague in 1637. There are places of worship for Independents, Baptists and Quakers ; St. Mary's Free-school; Blue-coat Schools ; National Schools, and an Infant School. There is a Market-House, a Dispensary, Almshouses, a Lying- in Charity, a Mechanics' Institute, and aHorticultural Society. Nails and patten-rings are the only remains of the iron manufacture formerly established here, and the trade is chiefly in wood and cider. The market is well supplied. The town is distinguished as the residence of John Kyrle, the IMan of Ross, cele- brated by Pope as a public benefactor, who lived in a house near the market-house, and laid out the Prospect-ground and the churchyard. He died in 1724. The bishops of Hereford formerly had a palace here. Ross may be considered the centre of the barley country. Boats are to be had here for ex- cursions on the Wye. Population, 3078. InnSy the King's Head and the Swan. Market-day, Thursday. Fairs. Thursday after March 10, June 21, July 20, Thursday after Oct. 10, and Dec. 11. In the neiirhbourhood is a castellated mansion with a fine collection of armour belonging to Mey- rick, the antiquary. At Goodrich, on the Wye, are the ruins of the ancient castle built by the Talbots, soon after the Norman accession, and now the seat of the Earl of Ripon. It commands a beautiful view of the river Wye. At Flansborough the Talbot family also founded a priory of black canons in 1347. To Hereford there are three roads. By the first, leaving the previous road at Lea, crossing the Rud- hall Brook, which turns several mills, and passing through How Caple, we leave, on the right, YattoUy which has two medicinal springs, formerly much GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 137 frequented, and, on the left, Brockhamptrm, which has a Roman camp, and arrive at Fownhope. Here are beautiful views of the Wye, and two ancient camps, one of which, on Capler Hill, called Wol- bury, has a double trench. A little further is Mordiford, at the junction of the Luga: and the Frome with the Wye. On the road to the risht is Stoke Park, with the elegant seat of C. J. Foley, Esq. ; and Donningtoii, with Ethelberfs Camp and Holj7i Lacey, an ancient seat of the Scudamore family, with rich carving by Grinling Gibbons, and in which Pope wrote the " Man of Ross.'' Here is also an immense pear-tree. Pursuing our course to the left, along the Wye, through Hampton Bishop, we arrive at HEREFORD, an ancient city, the capital of the county, 135 miles from London, possessing a sepa- rate jurisdiction. It stands on low ground on the south side of the Wye. It is supposed to have been the Roman station iVriconium. and was long the capital of Mercia. Here Offa assassinated Ethelberr, King of the East Angles in 749, and in expiation erected the cathedral. In 1055, the city- was burnt by the Welsh, but was fortified. by- William the Norman. Stephen took the castle from the Empress Maude, and it was the scene of frequent hostilities in the wars between the barons and Henry III., and in the contests of the houses of York and Lancaster. It sustained two memorable sieges in 1643 and 1645, holdijig out for King Charles. The city has sent two members to par- liament since the time of Edward I., and is the seat of the assizes, quarter sessions, and county court and polling-place for members for the county. The walls and gates have long since been destroyed, and the ward of the castle converted into an ad- mired public walk. The Shire Hall, erected by Srairke, has a portico of the Doric order, and con- 138 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. tains also a music hall, in which are portraits of George III. and the late Duke of Norfolk. The County Jail is a small building: with a Tuscan portico. The Palace of the bishop is mean in the exterior, but contains some fine apartments. The Town-hall is a curious building of wood, and there is a Guildhall. _ The following: cuts represent a pendant and bracket of this beautiful work. c GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 139 The bishopric was founded in 680. The Cathedral is across formed buildinir, of which the north porch is much admired. The g:reat west tower having fallen in 1786, it was rebuilt in a very inadequate manner by James Wyatt, at an expense of 20,000/. Amon^ the tombs are those of Bishop Cantehipe, who died in 1287, and was canonised, and Phillips the poet. There are three other churches, a hand- some one for Catholics, and places of worship for Independents, Quakers, and ]\Iethodists. The Col- lege School is richly endowed, and is situated in the College, which is a fine building, and contains a library, with the books chained to the shelves, and many manuscripts, including WicklifFe's Bible, and a curious ancient map. ThtTC are charitv schools; Coningsby's Hospital, St. Giles's, Trinity, Lazarus's, and others ; a handsome Infirmary, and a Lunatic Asylum. The small but neat Theatre was the nursery of a Clive, a Siddons, and a Kemble. There is a curious old bridge of six arches over the Wye. A triennial meeting of the choirs of Hereford, Worces- ter, and Gloucester is held here. Tiie manufactures are gloves, flannels, and hats. Hereford was the birthplace of John Breton, bishop of this see, the supposed author of a treatise on the laws of England, in the time of Henry III.; of Miles Smith, Bishop of Gloucester, one of the translators of the Bible : of Nell Gvvynne, who was born in Pijie Lane; and of Garrick, who was born in the Ansrel Inn, Wide- marsh Street. The city gives the title of viscount to the family of Devereux. Population, 10, -280. Inns, City Arms, Black Swan, Green Dragon, ^litre. Greyhound, and New Inn. Market-days, Wednes- day, Friday, and Si^turday. Fairs, Tuesday, for corn ; February 2, Wednesday in Easter week, May 19, July 1, October 20, and first Wednesday and Thursday in December. A second road to Hereford is to proceed from 140 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Boss by the left bank of the Wye to Sellech : we then proceed 1o Deerchurch and approaching Hereford, we have on our right Dineder, with a camp. Another road also from Ross is by Peterston, Pen- gathley Park, Harewood Park and bin, and Birch to the Cross in Hand Gate, on the Monmouth road. From Acoiibury Hill we have now a fine view of the Golden Vale. We next proceed through Callow to Hereford, For Mitcheldean we pursue the Ross road as far as Nafs Hill, and we shortly arrive at MITCHELDEAN, a small market-town in Here- fordshire, 116 miles from London, irregularly built, and consisting principally of three small streets. It is a polling-place for the west division of the county. The church is nearly of a quadrangular form, having a tower adjoining terminated by a well-proportioned octagonal spire. From the church to a hill about half a mile from the town, there is a subterranean passage, respecting which there are many legendary tales. The principal manufacture is leather. Population, 601. Inn, the George, Market-day, Monday. Fairs, Easter Monday, and October 10. Proceeding on the right of Beaconhall, through the forest of Dean, we have on the right English Bicknor, on the Wye, where there are fine orchards and meadows, and several mines of iron and coal. The church stands within the fosse of an ancient fortification. COLFORD is a market-town 125 miles from London, and is a polling-place for the county. In the neighbourhood are several iron forges. Popu- lation, 2 1 93. Inn, the Angel. Market-day, Friday. Fairs, June 20 ; Friday before July 20 ; and November 24. Newlandt in the neighbourhood^ has a large and GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 141 fine church, a grammar school, national school, alms house, and manufactory of tin plates. For Neicnham and Lydneij we pursue the ri^ht bank of the Severn, and pass through Minstericorth and the cider country. We next come to Westbury, where there is a church and a Wesleyan chapel. On the ri^ht is Flaxley, where there was formerly a Cistercian abbey. Keeping to the left we arrive at NEWNHAM, a market-town, 1 12 miles fromLon- don, seated on an eminence near the Severn, which is here nearly a mile wide. It consists principally of one long street, but the houses are singularly dis- posed, ibr although they front each other, the perspective side of each is on the reverse. About the time of the Norman accession it is supposed to have been fortified, but no traces of its castle are to be found. It was the place appointed for the meeting of Henry II. and Earl Stron^bow, on the return of the latter from his Irish conquests. It was garrisoned for Charles I., by Sir John Wynford, who, however, was driven out by Colonel Massie, and his men killed in the church. King John gave the town a charter, and a sword of state, which is of polished steel and highly orna- mented. It was one of the five boroughs returned to the crown on the 9th of Edward I., but does not appear to have exercised the franchise. It is now a polling-place for the west division of the county. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, stands on a commanding cliff near the river ; and the arch of the chancel, decorated with billet mouldings, was removed from another structure. A verdigris manu- factory, and ship-building are the chief employ- ment of the inhabitants. Population, 1074. ///«, the Bear. Market-dtvjy Friday. Fairs, June 11, and October IS. A mile to the left is Little Dean, with a fine 142 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. church and some good painted glass, the peniten- tiary for the forest division of the county, manu- factures, and numerous coal and iron mines. Lidney is five miles off from Newnham, and the road to it passes on the left Awre, where there is a wollen manufactory. LIDNEY is an ancient place, 127 miles from London, near the Severn. It appears to have been the Statio Trajectus of the Romans, for here are large traces of a hypocaust, or bath and entrenchmenrs, and many corns of Galba, Hadrian, and Antoninus have been found here. In the middle ages it was a place of some importance, but its market has long since been discontinued. The church is a large edifice, with a spire at the west end, and a small chancel on the north side of the principal one. The communication called the Severn and Wye Railway and Canal passes through here, and carries the produce of the forest of Dean. Popula- tion, 1534. Market-day, Wednesday. Fairs, May 4, and November 8. Lidney Park is the seat of Mr. Bathurst, and is on the site of a mansion called Whitecross, erected by Sir W. Winter, one of the officers who defeated the Spanish Armada. His descendant, Sir John Winter, fortified his house for Charles I., and after a gallant defence, on the decline of the Carlist affairs, he removed everything valuable from his little fortress, and burned it to the ground. Taking our station on the Cheltenham railway, we leave the Gloucester station, and passing near numerous villages, we approach Badgworth, where there is a mineral spring resembling those of Chel- tenham and Gloucester : on the right is Leckhamp- ton, 2 miles from Cheltenham, in the church of which are some curious monuments, particularly the effigies of a knight cross-legged, "and his lady. The manor house is an ancient structure, supposed GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 143 to have been built in the time of Henry VII. We now reach CJtlttnl^am Station. From London 119 miles. From Swindon 34 miles. Miles. Miles To Tewksbmy 10 To Stroud 14 To Peishore 20 To Cirencester 16 To Ipton IG ^^ _B. „._» To Northleach 14 To Ledbury 22 "^^ "f" ^^ To Stour 18 To Win-rhcomb 6 To Evesliam 13 From Bristol 84i miles. From Bath 73i miles. CHELTENHAM is a borough and market-town, 94 miles from London, situated on the river Chilt or Chelt, a confluent of the Severn. It is about a mile in length, and its situation particularly agreeable, extending along a fertile vale, open to the south and west, but sheltered to the north-east by the immense amphitheatre of the Cotswold Hills. In 803 a monastery was founded here, but Cheltenham owes its present greatness to the discovery of the Spa, in the year 1716. It is a borough, sending one member to Parliament under the Reform Bill, is a polling-place for the county, and the seat of the petty sessions. By a peculiar custom of the manor, although lands descend as by common law, yet the eldest female inherits solely. The Old Church of St. Mary is a large and elegant buildiuir, of rather ir- regular form, principally of the architecture of the middle ages, with a curious font, and an ancient stone cross. Therearebesidesthe church of theHoly Trinity, and a handsome new church. There is a Catholic Church and several places of worship for dissenters. The Spa, discovered by accident in 1716, rises about six feet below the surface, at a spot about three furlongs from the town. It is a neutral pur- gative chalybeate, and contains in a pint 73 grains 144 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. of saline matter, •2'5 of carbonic acid, 0*5 carbonate of soda, 227 sulphate of soda, 6 sulphate of maj^- nesia, 2*5 sulphate of lime, 41*3 muriate of soda, 0-8 oxide of iron. In 1788, at a depth of oO feet, an- other sprins; was discovered, which resembles the Harrowgate waters, and contains more sulphurous gas than the others. The Well Walk is an elegant shaded promenade about 200 yards in length. The Spa, or Long Room, was built in 1 775. The Mont- pellier pump is a handsome building, with a statue of Hygeia. The Pittville Spa is a new establishment on the Winchcomb road. The Montpellier Walks and Rides command fine views of the adjacent country. The Baths are commodiously fitted up. The Theatre is a neat building in Cambray mead. The Assembly Rooms are in the main street, and are very spacious and handsome. There is a Free School endowed by Queen Elizabeth, and other schools ; an Almshouse, a Repository, &c. The Dispensary has a casualty Hospital attached to it. There are several other mineral springs, circulating libraries, boarding- houses, billiard-rooms, &c. The Market House is well supplied. The season commences in May, and ends in November, and the waters are taken early in the morning. At Frog Mill Inn, on the North Leach road, is a fine view of the neighbouring country. Population, 22,942. I?-t?is, the George, Plough, Fleece, Royal Hotel, Sheldon's, Old Swan, Lamb, King's Head, and Crown. Market-day, Thursday. Fairs-, 2nd Thursday in April, Holy Thursday, August 5, 2nd Thursday in September, December 7 and 18. To go to Winchcomb, we proceed to Prestbury which was formerly a town of some importance, having a grant of a market and fair from Henry HI. In the reign of Henry VII. it was destroyed by fire, but has lost its rank by becoming an appendage to Cheltenham. The church is an ancient edifice with GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 145 a square tower, and there is an almshouse, a good inn, and the Grotto Tea Gardens. On Cleeve Hill the Cheltenham races are run. On the hills are many vestiges of ancient military transactions. We next pass Southam House, the seat of Mr. De la Rose, said to have been built in the time of Henry VIII., and regarded as the best specimen of the architecture of that day. It contains a curious chimney-piece, painted glass, and some portraits. WINCHCOMBE is a market-town 99 miles from London, in a beautiful vale at the base of the Cots- wold Hills, by which it is nearly surrounded, having the little river Isenbourne flowing near it on the south and east. The town consists of three principal streets, extending in a line from east to west, with others branching from them : the houses are in general low, and of stone. In 787 King OfFa founded a nunnery here, and in 798 King Ken- wulph founded a mitred abbey of Benedictines, and he is said to have had a palace here. Canute the Great divested it of many of its privileges, among which was that of being a county in itself. In the reign of Edward the Confessor it was made a borough. In 1583 tobacco was introduced here, and this place continued famous for its cultivation down to the time of Charles I. The church is a fine specimen of the later pointed style, and consists of a large nave, aisles, and chancel, with a lofty square embattled tower, an ancient carved oak screen, and many monuments. Here are meeting-houses for Baptists and Wesleyans. There is a free grammar school, and endowed almshouses. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of paper, silk, cotton stockings, pins, and in tannins:. No re- mains of the abbey exist, nor of a castle, which stood near the church on a spot called Ivy Castle. Winch- comb s:ave birth in 1614 to Dr. Christopher Marcet, an eminent naturalist and philosopher. Population^ 14G GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 2514. Market-day, Saturday. Fairs, last Satur- day in March, May fi, and July 28. At St/dell/, a mile off, are the ruins of Sudehj Castle, the seat of the Botelers, erected in the reisn of Henry VI. It was garrisoned for Charles I., but beinij taken by the parliamentarians was dismantled. The chapel is particularly tine, and in it are interred Queen Catherine Parr, and several of the Brydi:;es family. At Haijles was formerly a Cistercian abbey, founded by Richard, King of the RomMns. For Evershum we proceed to Bishop's Cleeve, where there is an old chuich. At Bec/iford,iiir\Yiev on, is another ancient church. On the ri^rht, at Alderston, is a Saxon encampment. The next place is Hinton on the Green, 3 miles l)eyond which is EVESHAM, a borouirh and market-town, in Wor- cestershire, 99 miles from London, having separate jurisdiction. It is situated on a gentle acclivity, rising from the river Severn, over which there is a handsome stone bridge, and near it a convenient harbour. The town was celebrated for its mitred abbey, founded in the eighth century by Egwin, Bishop of Worcester, and also for a castle which stood near the bridge, but was demolished previously to 1157. On the Gth of August, 12G5, a battle was fought here between the forces of Henry HI. and those of Simon Mont fort and the barons, who were defeated. The town is a borough by prescription, and in the 23rd of Edward I. sent two members to parliament, which privilege was resumed in the reign of James I., and confirmed by the Reform Bill. There are two ancient parish churches, one of which has a beautiful window, besides that of Bengeworlh, which was united to the town at the lequest of Henry Prince of Wales. Of the Abbey nothing remains but a large pointed arch and a noble .square tower used as a belfry. There is a free grammar school, a blue-coat school, charity schools, and an GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 147 almshouse. There is also a town-hall, and meeting- house for Dissenters. The fertile vale in the neiirh- bourhood takes its name from the town, and is laid out in market-o:ardens. The principal manufacture is stockins: weavino;. Population, 3991. hin, the Crown. Market-day, Monday. Fairs, Candlemas- day, February 2, Monday after Easter week, Whit Monday, and September 21. At dffenham King Offa resided, and there is a monumental stone. The Tewkesbury road proceeds through Ucking- ton, and leaving on the right Deerhurst, where are the remains of a priory, founded in 715, we arrive at TEWKESBURY, a borough, 103 miles from Lon- don, having a separate jurisdiction. In 715 a monas- tery was founded here by Odo and Dodo, Dukes of Mercia. In 1471 the last decisive battle between the Yorkists and the Lancasterians was fought here at a place called Bloody or Gaston's Field. After the defeat of the Lancasterians, the Duke of Somer- set was dragged round the church and beheaded. In 1644 the town was captured by the parliamenta- rians and the Carlists driven out. Tewkesbury is a borough by prescription, and has returned two members since the 7th of .James I., and it is a polling-place for the county, and the seat of the petty sessions. The town is pleasantly seated in the luxuriant vale of Gloucester, near the confluence of the Avon with the Severn. Besides an ancient bridge of several arches over the Avon, and other bridges, there is one of cast-iron of one arch of 1 72 feet span, over the Severn, constructed by Telford. The town is handsome and well built, paved and lighted, and consists of three principal streets. The Town-Hall is a handsome building; and there is a Doric Market-House, a Jail, and a House of Industry. The church, formerly the collegiate church of the 02 148 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. monastery, is a splendid cathedral structure in the Norman style, with a noble and richly ornamented tower. Among tiie many tombs is that of Prince Edward, son of Henry VI., who was killed here. There are meetine-iiouses for Independents, Bap- tists, Quakers, and Wesleyans; a Free Grammar- School, Blue Coat School, National School, British School, and numerous Sunday Schools : a Dispen- sary, Lying-in charity, and Almshouses. The Theatre is a small building, opened by the Cheltenham Company. The Subscription Library and Newsrooms have above 1000 volumes. In a meadow called the Vineyard behind the church is a reranrkable echo. Races are held yearly on the Severn Hams, The Mythe is a handsome promenade. On the south side of the town is a tumulus, from which the descent to the Severn is precipitous and abrupt, and which, from a visit of George III., in 1788, is called Royal Hill. The principal manufactures are framework-knitting, nails and lace ; and there is an extensive trade in malt, leather, and in the carrying on the rivers. This town gave birth to Alan of Tewkesbury, the biographer of Thomas a Becket ; and to Estcourt, the dramatist, cotemporary of Steele and Addison. Population, 5780. Jnns^ Anchor, Cross Keys, Hop-pole, and Swan. Market- days, Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs, second Monday in March, first Wednesday in April O. S., May 14, June 22, September 4, October 10, Wed- nesday before and after old Michaelmas-day, and first Wednesday in December, O. S. At Walton Cardiff, about a mile distant, are mineral springs like those of Cheltenham. From Tewkesbury the traveller may enter Wor- cestershire and proceed towards Fershore. Bredon is the first place arrived at, to the right of which is Bredon Hi)l, dividing the vale of Evesham from the Cotswold district. Its perpendicular height rises to GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 149 800 feet, and it is interspersed with farms and plantations almost to the summit, where there is a tower commanding: fine prospects. It abounds with many curious plants. About the besrinning of last century a hillock on the side, contauiing an acre, slipped nearly 100 yards down with its trees and cattle, and in the present century a chasm opened in the solid rock 200 yards long and 15 feet wide. At Overbury there are some freestone quarries abound- ing in stalactites and incrustations, as also some petrifying sprins^s. We then proceed to Bekingham, to the left of which lies Strensham, with a church containing some handsome monuments to the Russells, a school, and nine almshouses. This place is famous for bavins: given birth to Samuel Butler, the author of Hudibras, and for the s)e2:e it sustained against the parliamentary array. We next cross the Avon at Berlingham and arrive at PERSHORE, a town 1 06 miles from London, on the west bank of the navigable Avon. It is said to derive its name from the great number of pear-trees in its neighbourhood. It formerly sent members to parliament, is a polling-place for the county, and the seat of the petty sessions. The town is "hand- some, well built, and paved, and contains two churches. St. Andrew's is a small structure, with a square tower containinsr six bells. Holy Cross has a lofty square tower with eight bells, and in the building are several ancient monuments. The in- habitants are chiefly employed in the stocking manufactory. Here was formerly an extensive abbey of Benedictines, of which many fine remains still exist. Population, 2536. Inn, The Angel. Market-day, Tuesday. Fairs, Easter Tuesday, June 26, and last Tue-day in October. The scenery of the neighbourhood is very pic- 150 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. turesque, particularly at Aylesborough, a mile north of the town. For Upton we leave Tewkesburij, cross the Severn and proceed to Bushley, where there is an elegant epitaph by Burke on William Dowdeswell, the Speaker of the House of Commons. Passing through Lon^don we then arrive at UPTON, a market-town 1 1 1 miles from London on the right bank of the Severn, which is here crossed by a bridge of six arches, and is naviirable for vessels of 100 tons. Here is a harbour for barjies and a wharf. The town suffered much during the civil wars in an unsuccessful attempt to resist the parliamentary forces. A handsome market-house and assembly-rooms have recently been erected. The petty sessions are holden here, and it is a polling- place for the county. The church, havino; suffered in the civil wars, was pulled down in ]7o6, and the present handsome buildine; erected. The Baptists have a place of worship, and there is a boys' school, girls' school, and two national schools. The chief trade is in shipping cider. The town gave birth to Dr. John Dee, the celebrated astrologer in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. PopuIatioUy 2343. Imi, the Unicorn. Market-day, Thursday. Fairs, fii'st Thurs- day after Mid Lent, Whit Thursday, July 10, and Thursday before October 2. At Croome D'Abitot is the splendid seat of the E^rl of Coventry, purchased in 1563 from Urso D'Abitot, Earl of Winchester. The grounds were laid out by Brown, to whom a monument has been erected; the green-houses are fine, and the mansion contains some excellent pictures and tapestry. Six miles distant is Great Malvern, and Malvern Welh, seated among the Malvern Hills. Tne church was endowed by Edward the Confessor, and is a splendid specimen of the florid Gothic, by GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 151 Sir Reginald Bray, builder of Henry Seventh's Chapel. At St. Anne's well is a pump-room. Populatio7i, 2140. InnSy the Crown Hotel, and Folly Arms. SWINDON STATION RESUMED. The traveller proceeds from Swindon throu£:h Liddingtoriy crossing the Roman road called the Ridgeway, and passing on his right a camp called Liddington Castle. Aldbourn is a parish and town, 71 miles from London, seated on a small stream running into the Kennet. It formerly possessed considerable trade, in which it has latterly been superseded by Hunger- ford. Population, 14\S. Market-day, Tiiesdsiy. At Membury is an ancient camp. The road from Swindon is at first winding, but it afterwards falls into the Roman road, and crosses the Ridgeway, passing through Chiselden. On the left is Liddington Castle Camp. The next place is Great Okeburn or Ogburn, where was formerly an exceedingly rich alien priory of Benedictines. Some distance to the riirht, on the hills, is Barbury Campy a very large British encampment, nearly circular, and measuring 2,000 feet in diameter, surrounded by a double ditch and rampart, and on all sides excellently calculated for defence as well as for observation. It is recorded to have been the scene of a most sangui- nary action, between the West Saxons and the Britons, in the year 556. MARLBOROUGH is a borough and market-town seated on the Kennet, 74 miles from London, having separate jurisdiction. In the neighbourhood the Roman station of Cunetio seems to have existed. Marlborough is mentioned in Domesday-book ; and in the Norman time became ofsome importance, when a castle was erected. This fortress, in the reign of Richard Lion-heart, was seized by his brother John ; 1;52 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. and in the 52nd Henry III. a parliament was held here, which passed the Statutes of Marlborough. The town is abdroiisfh hv prescription, but was incor- porated about 1204, by Kina John, and has returned two members to parliament, with some intermission, since the 24ih Edward I. The town is a great thoroughfare, beinij situated on the principal road from Bath to London: the buildings are irresfular, and some of them with carved wood eables of great antiquity. Part of one side of the principal street is furnished with a colonnade, and serves as a prome- nade. The Town-Hall, or Court-House is over the market-place m the lli^h Street. The Prison, Town Jail, and Bridewell is a commodious building, erected in 1787. The town consistsottwoparishes; St. Mary's is an ancient buildui>r, with a tower of fieestone, the doorwav of which is ornamented with Norman zi<;zag mouldings. St. Peter and St. Paul is a handsome edifice, with a lofty square tower, and the roof supported by lis:ht pillars. The Independents, Wesleyans, and Calvinistic Methodists have also places of worship. The Free Grammar-School has an endowment of 600/. a-year, and there is a national school. The Castle Inn was once the residence of the great Duke of Marlborough, and was built as a mansion in the reign of George II. by the Earl of Hertford. Near it are some traces of the Norman castle, consisting principally of the mound. A private house is supposed to have formed part of the conventual buildings of the canons of Semprinsrham. There were also tv.o hospitals, and a convent of Carmelite friars. IMatting, rope and sack-making are the principal employm.ents of the inhabitants, who carry on a considt^rable trade in corn and cheese \)y the Kennet and Avon Canal. This town gave bu-th, in 1677, to John Hughes, author of the' Siege of Damascus,' and a writer in the ' Spectator ;' Dr. Sacheverel, a notorious church partisan; Michael Dodson, an eminent law writer; and Walter Harte, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 153 tutor to the son of the Earl of Chesterfield. It also gives the title of duke to the illustrious family of the Churchills. Population, 3 ilQ. Ifws,\he Castle, Marlborouiih Anns, Angel, Crown and Anchor, and Castle and Ball. Market-day, Saturday. Fairs, July 10, August 1, and November 23. At Ramsbury on the Hungerford road, is the seat of Sir Francis Burdett, and a handsome church, formerly the cathedral of the diocese. Preshute, a mile from Marlborough, has an ancient church, and a font cut out of one block of black stone. Through Saveriiake Forest lies the road to Tottenham Park, the seat of the Marquis of Aylesbury. The forest is the only one in the kingdom belonging to a subject. The house is a handsome building, containinir many fine portraits. Near Hewish is Mertonsell Hill Camp. The road from Swindon to Devizes is one rich in antiquities. Passing through Wroughton, on the left, vs'e have Barbury Camp, before described. At Winterbourne Bassett is a double circle of rude stones ; a barrow surrounded with large stones, and other druidical remains. At Avebury, or Abury^ there is the celebrated druidical structure sup- posed to have surpassed Stonehenge. According to Stukely it consisted of GoO stones, independently of a huge cromlech about a mile to the north, and was so extensive as to have included the whole of the present village within its circuit. It was surrounded by a broad ditch and lofty vallum without the ditch, and inside a circle of 1400 feet diameter, formed of 100 upright stones, from 15 to 17 feet high, and about 40 feet in circumference, placed at a distance of 27 yards one from another. "Within this circle were two others, each consisting of two double concentric arches, composed of the same number of stones, and exhii)iting a similar arrangement. There were two entrances to the grand cu'cle, consisting 154 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. of double rows of 100 iipri2:ht stones each, placed at equal distances, and extendini; a mile in lenfrth, one of which was terminated by another double concentric circle of smaller dimensions, and the other by a lar£;er stone than the rest. Of this vast structure very little now remams. The church of Abury is of hisrh antiquity, but much mutilated by barbarous repairs. The nei«;hbourhood abounds with tumuli, cromlechs, and barrows. Silbury Hill is a Koman tumulus, 1680 feet in circumference, and 170 feet high, forming a striking: contrast to the undulating chalk hills by which it is surrounded. To the left on the hill is a curious cromlech, called the Dpinl's Den. We now reach Beckhampton Inn, and to the left we have Kennet, supposed by some to have been the Roman station Cunetio, but now best known by its celebrated ales. On the right is Oldfmry Camp, an ancient fortification, seated on the summit of a hill, on the side of which the figure of a horse, cut through the turf into the chalk rock, is seen for miles. A little farther on our route on the left is an ancient earthwork, and at Shepherd's Shore, Wansdyke, crossing the road, we now arrive at Bishop's Canning, which has a church in the style of Salisbury Cathedral ; and on the right is Heddington, supposed, from the many antiquities found there, to have been a Roman station. DEVIZES is a large and handsome borough and market-town, having separate jurisdiction, and 89 miles from London. It is situated on an eminence in Salisbury Plain, and is a place of great antiquity. Although it cannot be identilied as a Roman sta- tion, many remarkable remains have been found there. A castle was built by the turbulent pre- late, Richard of Sarum, which was taken by Ste[)hen. The Empress Maud granted a charter to the town, and since the 4th of Edward III. it has returned two members to parliament. At Round- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 155 way Hill the Carlist forces, under Sir Ralph Hop- ton, defeated the pailiamentary army in 1643. The quarter-sessions for the county are held here and the summer assizes, and it is the county court and poUint^-pIace for the north division of the shire. The town consists of several streets, divergino; from a spacious market-place, well paved, and iii^hted with gas; and being a great thoroughfare, as one of the roads from Bath to London, has many good inns and shops. The Court-House is a building erected by Wyatt : the Town-Hall is a handsome building : there is also a new Jail, and a Market- Cross, erected by B. Wyatt. The Church of St. John is a very interestin": relic of the Norman and Saxon styles. St. Mary's church has, at the east end, an ancient statue of the Virgin. The chapel of ease is a neat buildino;; there are various Dis- sentinsj meeting-houses. There is a Free Grammar- School, and a Union workhouse. In the market- place is a monument to record what is supposed to have been a miracle, of a woman who died sud- denly, having imprecated the Divine vengeance if she had not paid for some corn, although the money was afterwards found in her hand. The chief ma- nufactures are silk-throwinir, making fine woollen, and tobacco and snuff; here are also some noted breweries for making Devizes ale. The Kennet and Avon canal passes in the neighbourhood, and it is raised to the town by means of twenty-nine locks, within the space of three-quarters of a mile. The Thursday's market was formerly a great mart for wool, but now is principally for the supply of corn, horses, and cattle. The fairs are inconsiderable, except the Devizes Green Fairs, where are sold larsje quantities of hops, cheese, cattle, sheep, &c. Sir Thomas Lawrence passed some years of early life in this town, where his relatives kept one of the prin- cipal inns. At Sloperton is the seat of the great 15G GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. poet, Thomas Moore. Nev) Park, half a mile dis- tant, is the seat of T. B. Estcourt, Esq. Population, 4562. In?hs, fhe Black Bear, Castle, and Crown. Markpt-day, Thursday. Fairs, February 14, Holy Thursday, April '20, and October 2 and 20. Takini; our station on the railway, we proceed, havins: the Wilts Canal acconipanyino; us on the left. On our right is Lydiard Park, and five miles on our road is WOOTTON BASSETT, an ancient borough and market-town, 90 miles from London. In Domesday Book it is called Wodeton. From the 25th of Henry VI, it sent two members to parliament, until the Reform Bill, when it was totally disfranchised. The tinvn consists principally of one street, half a mile in length, and is pleasantly seated on an emi- nence, commandins: a fine prospect over the nei. The whole church was restored in 1820, and con- tains an altar-piece of a Pieta, by King, a painted window by Pearon, and the Mayor's throne. There ■are several ancient monuments, and the infamous Captain William Bedlow, of Popish-plot notoriety, was buried here. St. Mary-le-porte was founded in 1170, by Wil- liam Earl of Gloucester, and is a handsome build- ing with a tower and a peal of eight bells, a brazen eagle, weighing 692 lbs. formerly in the cathedral, and several monuments. St. Michael's was built in 1777, and is a modern buildino; in bad Gothic, with an old tower containing six bells, one of the best organs in Bristol, and some curious punning epitaphs on the Ashes. St. Nicholas was rebuilt in 176S, and is in the modern Gothic, with a tower 202 feet high, the crypt of the old church, with many ancient monu- ments, and the tomb of Alderman Whitson. The head of Philippa, Queen of Edward III., is said to "be preserved in the crypt. St. Paul's, Portland Square, built in 1794, is an elegant Gothic structure, with a tower 169 feet liigh, and an altar-piece of St. Paul preaching at Athens, by Bird. St. Peter axd St. Paul's, Peter Street, is an an- cient Gothic building, with a tower with eight bells, and several monuments. In the churchyard is buried the unfortunate Savage, the poet. St. Philip and Jacob's, Old Market, is an old u 218 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Gothic building:, with a peal of ei2:ht bells, and a bust, said to be Duke Robert of Normandy. St George's, Kingswood, built in 1752, is a hand- some buildine; with a lofty square tower. St. Stephen's, Clare Street, was built about 1470, and has a tower 140 feet high, with eight bells, an altar-piece by Ross, and the tomb of Sergeant Snigge. The tower is a much-admired specimen of the florid Gothic. Temple, OR Holy Cross Church, near the Rail- way Station, founded about the year 1145, is the largest church in Bristol next to Redcliffe, and belonged to the Templars. It is 159 feet long, 59 wide, and 50 high, and has a curious ancient brass sconce and a celebrated leaning tower. St. Thomas's, St. Thomas Street, is a modern building with an ancient tower, and has a fine altar- piece of the Temptation of St. Thomas, by King. St. Werburgh's, Corn Street, was rebuilt in the Gothic style in 1761, with the old tower containing six bells, and the tomb of Nicholas Thorne, founder of the Grammar School. Clifton Church, stands on the crown of a hill, and ht^s nothing worthy of attention. Trinity ^Church, Hotwell Road, was built in 1830, and is in the Tuscan style, by Cockerell. Bedminster Neic Church is near Bathurst Basin, and is a recent erection. *S/. Matthew's, Kingsdown, was built in 1835, and is a large and handsome building. Holy Trinity, West Street, was built in 1832. Dowry Square Chapel, is a plain building, with a trmb to Mrs. Storehouse, and an epitaph by Mrs. Hannah More. Fosters Chapel, dedicated to the Three Kings of Cologne, is in Steep Street, and was founded in 1481. Trinity Chapel, Lawford's Place, is a neat modern building m the Gothic style. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 219 Colston's Chapel, St. Michael's Hill, is attached to Colston's Almshouses, Bristol is remarkable for sfood churches and organs, and for its steeples and rings of bells. It has two peals of ten, nine of eight, and four of six, making above a hundred bells rung in peal. The Jews' Synagogue, Temple Street, was for- merly the Weavers' Hall, and is finely fitted up. The Catholic Church, Frenchard Street, is a spacious Gothic building, with an elegant altar. Here is buried O'Brien, the Irish Giant, who was exactly eight feet hi^h. The Catholic Church, Meridian Place, Clifton, has been recently erected. The Unitarian Chapel, Lewin's Mead, is an elegant edifice in the Ionic style. The Baptist Chapels are Broad Mead, a fine large building; Old King Street, with a lofty pediment ; Counter Slip, Temple Street, the floor of which is an inclined plane ; Pithay and Thrissel Street. There are also Baptist con2:regrations of ditferent connexions in Bethesda Chapel, Great George Street, Park Street, and Newfoundland Street. The Independents have chapels in Castle Green, which is an elegant structure ; Brido;e Street, with a Gothic front ; Zion Chapel, Bedminster ; Hope Chapel, Clifton, with monuments of the Countess of Glenorchy and Lady Hope ; Lower Castle Street, for the Welsh ; Brunswick Square ; Anvil Square ; and Kingsland Road. The Quaker's meeting-houses are neat buildings, in Rosemary Street and Temple Street. The Moravian Chapel, Upper Maudlin Street, is a neat modern structure, with a good organ. The Wesleyans have numerous chapels : Old King Street, Portland Chapel, Kingsdown ; St. Philip's, Old Market Street; Langton Street; Hotwell Road ; Shim Lane ; Baptist Mills ; and u2 220 GREAT ^VESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Cumberland Basin. The Welsh chapel is in Broad- mead, and there is a floatins:-chapel for seamen. The Whitfieldites have the tabernacle in Penn Street. The Huntingdonians have a new chapel in Lodgft Street. In St. James's Park is New Jerusalem Church. The Bristol Institution, Park Street, is a hand- some and interesting building. The annual subscrip- tion is two guineas. The library is good, and there is a reading-room, laboratory, and lectures. The mu- seum is worthy of the city, and contains a fine col- lection of casts from the antique, geology, and natural history. It contains that admirable work, the Eve at the Fountain, by Baily, a native of Bristol, and busts of Sir Thomas Lawrence, Byron, and Camp- bell, also by that artist, and of Watt by Chantrey. In it are held good exhibitions of the ancient mas- ters, and of modern works of art, and the meetings of the Philosophical Society, which includes among its resident members, Conybeare, the geologist, and Pritchard, the philosopher. The Mechanics' Institution, Broadmead, has a good library, small museum, and courses of lectures. The Bristol Library is a handsome building, in King Street, and was founded in 1615 as a public library. It is now a subscription library, and contams a good collection of books, and Callcott's museum of geology and natural history. The Zoological Gardens, on Clifton Downs, were opened in 1836, and it is intended to unite with them a botanic garden. The collection is very fine, and the admission fee to non-members is, as usual, one shilling each. The Medical School is attached to the Bristol In- firmary. The Biistol Botanical and Horticultural Society, Park Street, hold five annual exhibitions, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 221 The Florists' Society meet in Montague tavern, and hold annual exhibitions. Mr. Acraman, of Lower Crescent, Clifton, very kindly allows the public to see his valuable collec- tion of works of the great masters. There are two masonic halls in Bristol, one in Bridge Street, which is splendidly fitted up, and another in Broad Street, and several lodges. Bristol College, Park Row, Lodge Street, has a vice-principal and professor of mathematics, and is upon the plan of the colleges of Winchester, Eton, and Westminster. Baptist College, Stoke's Croft, is for the educa- tion of Baptist missionaries, and was founded in 1770. It has a good library, and curious museum, which can be visited. City Grammar School, Unity Street, College Green, is a large building, with t\vo ma:bters and several endowments. The College Grammar School, College Square, is for the children of the choir. Queen Elizabeth''. 'i Grammar School, Redcliff Church, has several endowments, and a statue of the founder. There are besides the City School, Christmas Street ; Colstoiis School, St. Augustine's Place, for the maintenance of 100 boys, in which Chatterton was brought up ; Temple Street School ; Merchants' Hall School, King Street, in which navigation is taught; Red Maids' School, College Green, for the maintenance of forty girls ; Queen Elizabeth's Hos- pital; Temple School, for maintaining forty girls; Redcliffe Charity School, Pile Street ; Presbyterian Charity School, Stoke's Croft, Temple Street, for boys and girls; Redcliffe Hill Girls School; Ell- ridge's Girls' School ; Dissenters^ Charity School, Bakers Hall, Quakers' Friars ; St. Michael's Hill, for boys and girls ; St. 31ichael's School, Trenchard Street, for boys and girls; Lancasterian School, 222 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Redcross Street; IVesleyan Charity School, for boys and girls ; St. James's Benevolent School, for boys and girls; Diocesan, or National School, Nelson Street ; Marine i'y Square, and some others. The markets are High Street, for butter, poultry, &c. ; St. Nicholas Street, for meat, poultry, &c., Lmion Street, for meat, and fish; Welsh Back, for poultry, fruit, &c. ; Nicholas Street, for fish ; corn and flour, in the Exchange: cattle, New Cut, for 7000 sheep, 5000 pigs, and 300 horses ; cheese, Mary- port Street; leather in Back Hall; and hay, straw, and coal, St. James's Churchyard. There is a Gas Company, an Oil Gas Compaiiy, a Branch Bank of England, Ihree Joint Stock Banks, two Private Banks, a Savings Bank, and thirty- eight Insurance Offices. Bristol has at all times held a high station in the annals of literature, science, and art, and from her shores Dublin was colonized, Cabot sailed to discover North America, Newfoundland was settled, James sailed to discover Hudson's Bay, and the Great Vv'estern established steam communication across the Atlantic. In 1836 the meeting of the British Association was held here. Among the eminent persons born here, were "William of Worcester, the historian ; William Canynge, a great benefactor to Bristol; William Grocyne, an eminent Greek scholar ; William Botoner, the first translator of Cicero; Sebastian Cabot, the discoverer of North America ; Mathews, Archbishop of York ; Admiral Penn, the conqueror of Jamaica; Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Worcester; Edward Colston, who spent 100,000/. in charity; Sir William Draper, the con- queror of Manilla and the Philippines, and the antago« 226 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. nist of . Junius ; Thomas Chatterton, the unfortunate poet; Mrs. Ann Yearsley, a milk- woman and poetess ; Mary Robinson, the poetess and known as Perdita ; Tobin, author of the ' Honey Moon ;' and Mrs. Han- nah More, a notorious writer. To the present age, Bristol has furnished Southey, Coleridge, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Baily the sculptor, Cottle, and many more. The geology is highly interesting, St. Vincent's rocks and the sections of the railway presenting fine opportunities for this branch of research. The coalfields extend 30 miles through Kingswood, Bed- minster, Ashton, Brislington, and Coalpit Heath. Lead combined with calamine is to be found in large nodules near Westbury ; manganese in thin veins at Leigh and Mendip ; strontian and its sulphate in the river at low water about a hundred yards above Bedminster bridge, and iron ore at Winford and Wringford. In excavating for the Great Western Railway, a remarkably fine tusk of the mammoth was discovered lying in a bed of new red sand- stone, about 7 feet below the surface, between the cotton works and St. Phihp's Bridge. It is depo- sited with some other interesting remains in the Philosophical Institution. In the mountain lime- stone of St. Vincent's rocks are to be found the Bristol diamonds, which are occasionally yellow or purple. To those who are desirous of attaining a clear view of the geology of Bristol, they cannot do better than refer to Rooke's Geology as a Science. Among the principal indigenous plants are Alo- pecuras, Anethum, Antirrhinum, Aquilegia, Ara,bis stricta, Arenaria, Asparagus, Asplenium, Bryum, Bupleurum, Carduus, Chenopodium, Chlora, Cochlearia, Cotyledon, Digitalis, Erigeron, Euphor- bia, Galeopsis, Galium, Geranium, Glaux, Hippo- crepis, Hypericum, Hypnum, Gentiana, Lathraea, Lepidium, Lichen, Lithospermura, Milium, Mono- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 227 tropa, Ophrys apifera, muscifera, ovata and spiralis, Orchis, Osmiinda, Peucedaniim, Picris, Pimpinella, Polypodium, Prenanthes, Poterium, Potentilla. Rott- boeilia, Rubia, Salicornia, Scabiosa, Scilla, Sedum, Sisymbium. Smyri:ium, Solivago,Trifolium, Turritis, Veronica, Viola, and Ulva. The hotels and inns are the Bush, Gloucester, Clifton, Talbot, Bath, York House, "White Hart, Swan, Full ■Moon, Cumberland, AVhife Lion, Plume of Feathers, Greyhound, Victoria and Temperance, The market-days are Wednesday, Thursday, Fri- day, and Saturday; and the fairs, March 1 to 10, and September 1 to 10. There are steam packets to New York occasion- ally : Dublin, Cork. Waterford, weekly ; and con- stantly to Swansea, Tenby, Cardiff, Newport, Chep- stow, Portshead, Tlfracombe, St. Ives and Hayle. The railways are the Great Western, sending off at Swindon a direct communication to Birmingham and the north; the Bristol and Exeter; and the Coalpit heath. The shortest route to Wickwar is by Staple Hilly but one more interesting may be pursued by Sfaple- ton, which has a church with six bells, almshouses, a school, and a spring called the BailwgJVeU, the water of which springs up perpendicularly. Vv^'e next come to Stoke Park, a fine seat of the Duke of Beaufort ; and afterwards to Frenchay, which has a meeting-house for Presbyterians with church and bell, and another for Quakers ; and also at the east end of the common a remarkable geological speci- men, being an entire mussel two tons weight. We then pass through Fra?7ipto?f, Iron Acton and Chifping Sodbury, before described, to Wickwar, a small town in Gloucestershire, with little trade. Proceeding into Gloucestershire throusfh Ilar- field and Fentoiit we have on the left hand tiie 228 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. handsome seat of the Chesters, called Knowle, and come to Almondshury, where there are remains of camps and tumuli. We next come to Alvesto?i, where are remains of two Roman camps, one on the top of a hill called Oldbury near the Severn, and the other called Castle Hill. We then arrive at THORNBURY, a market-town, 120 miles from London, in the vale of Berkeley, near a small rivulet running into the Severn. It is the county court for the west division, a polling-place, and the seat of a petty session and court of requests. The town is a titular corporation, and was given by WiUiam the Norman to Fifzhamon. It is a place of great antiquity, and consists principally of three streets in the form of a Y. The church is a handsome cathe- dral structure with a lofty tower. There are meeting- houses for Baptists, Independents, Quakers, and Wesleyans. There are besides a free grammar school, free schools for boys and girls, and six alms- houses. The principal attractions of Thornbury are the beautiful remains of a castle begun by Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, in 1511, but left unfinished when he was beheaded in 1522. The gateway is much admired, and the ruins command a fine prospect of the Severn and South Wales. In 1559 Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn were sump- tuously entertained here during ten days. Popula- tion, 4375. Inn, the Swan. Market-day^ Saturday. Fairs, Easter Monday, August 1 5, Monday before St. Thomas, and December 21. We proceed from Bristol through Gloucestershire to Bedla?idy where there is a beautiful chapel, with busts by Rysbrach, and an altarpiece of the Embalm- ment of Christ, by Vanderbank. Redland Court is a pretty seat built by Strachan. The next village is JVestbury, upon the brook called the Trim. The church has a tower with six bells. Here was a col- lege of canons built by Canynge, the merchant of GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 229 Bristol, which was fortified in the Carlist wars, and destroyed by Prince Rupert, and of which few re- mains now exist. On the left is Kingweston. the seat of Lord de Clitford, built by Sir John Van- brui^h, and where was a Roman road, and the teeth of an elephant were found. Bhiize Castle is a curi- ous Gothic seat, where some ancient remains have been found. Henbury, also on the left, has many in- teresting sites in the neighbourhood ; th? church has some handsome monuments to the De Cliffords ; the almshouses are much admired; there are camps on Kingweston Hill, Blaize Castle, and Coouib Hill. At Stoke Bishop are some Drnidical stones. At Kino;weston is also a rock called Gorams Chair, the residence of Goram, a hermit, who, according to j)opu',ar tradition, was a contemporary of St. Vincent, and his rival in cuttino; a passao;e for the xlvon, which he would have effected first, had he not been so fund of taking a nap in this chair, and washing his feet in the brook below, so that St. Vincent got the start, and cut a way for the Avon throuijh the rocks which bear his name. Passing near the cavity, 300 feet deep, called Pen Park Hole, through Cnrnp- ton Grceiijield, we soon come to the New Passage Inn or Fer?ij. A little higher up is Aust or Old Passage Ferry, where King Edward the Elder sum- moned Llewellyn, Prince of ^\''ales, to cross the Severn, and confer with him, which he refused to do. Tliereupon Edward passed over to him, who on seeing the kins; in the boat, threw his robes on the ground, and leaping into the water said, " ]\Iost wise king, your humility has conquered my pride, and your wisdom triumphed over my folly." From the 'Passage, the traveller is ferried over to CHEPSTOW, a sea-port and market-town, 13G miles from London, at the mouth v( the Wye. The town is neatly built, the streets broad, and well paved and lighted with gas by a benef xtion ot John Bow- X 230 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. sher, Esq. Over the Wye is a handsome cast-h-on bridge of five arches. Part of the castle built by Earl Strongbow is still standing, and bears the name of Henry Marten, one of the judges who passed sen- tence on Charles I,, and was persecuted by his suc- cessor, being imprisoned here until he died. The chapel has some Saxon arches, and according to tradition, was built by Longinus, the Roman soldier who pierced Christ with a spear, and who came over here with other saints in the time of Joseph of Arimathea. The church formerly belonged to a priory of Benedictine monks, and is a curious old luiilding. In it are buried Henry Marten, Henry Earl of Worcester with a fine monument, and other illustrious characters. Henry Marten was persecuted even after death by one of the vicars, who turned his body out of the chancel into the nave. In a house in Bridge Street is a well, which ebbs and flows with the tide. The tides run up with wonderful rapidity, occasionally flowing from 50 to 60 feet, and in 1768 to 70 feet. The foreign and home trade of the port is considerable, and vessels of 800 tons are built here. PopulafAon, 3524. Inns, the Beaufort Arms, Three Cranes, and Georsfe. Market- day, ^2X\xv(\.^.y. Fairs, Whit Friday, Saturday before .Tune 23, Friday se'n- night after St. Luke, and last Monday in October. A mile off is the beautiful seat called Piercefield, justly admired for its beautiful views. Four miles distant are the ruins of Tintern Abbey, the favourite of admirers of the picturesque. St. BriaveWs Castle, 7 miles off, was built by Milo Fitzwater in the reign of Henry I., and is used occasionally as a prison. Crossing at the New Passage, we are carried to Black Rock Inn^ in Monmou'hshire, on the left of which are the ruins of Caldicott Castle, supposed to be of British origin and repaired by the Romans, and Sudbrook Camp ; we then pass through Caerwent, formerly a Roman sta- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 231 fion ; Penhew, with the ruins of a castle, and the Unicorn Inn ; and Christchurch, in the church of which are two figures, supposed, by the enhcrhtened population, to have the power of healing the sick. To the right is the ancient city of Caerleon, the Isca Silurura of the Romans, and their capital for the province of Britannia Secunda. It was a residence of King xlrthur, and metropoUtaa see of the Britons. In the twelfth century, accordinof to Giraldus Cam- brensis, it still possessed many Roman remains, few of which now exist. It was captured by the English under Henry II., in the wars with Prince Gosworth. Here are the remains of a Roman amphitheatre, called King Arthur's Round Table, and of a Norman citadel. It is now only a market-town. In the church of Tredfjnnog beyond is a monument to a Roman soldier. NEWPORT is a borough, market-town and sea- port, ]4S miles from London, in Monmouthshire, at the mouth of the river Usk. Edward II. granted to it a charter, but in the reign of Henry VIII. Leyland found the place in ruins. It has now recovered its prosperity, and is a polling-place for the county, and returns two members to parliament in conjunction with Monmouth and Usk. The town is a long, strag<:ling place. The church of St. AVool- los, outside the town, is an ancient buildmg of Nor- man architecture much admired, and there is a Ca- tholic church and several meeting-houses. There is a National school and a Lancasterian school. Over the Usk is a fine bridge of five arches, of which the centre is 75 feet span, built by David Edward, son of the architect of the celebrated bridge at Pont-y-Prid. There is a public news-room, custom-house, canal to Pontypool, and railway to Sii'howy. The prin- cipal exports are iron and coal, being above 100.000 tons of iron, and 500,000 of coals; and there are breweries, rope-works, nail-factories, and potteries. X 2 232 GREAT WESTERN RAIL^VAY GUIDE. The remains of the castle built by Robert Eavl of Gloeester, son of Henry I., are much admired. Jnnst King's Head and \yest2:ate House. Market-day, Saturday. Fairs, Holy Thursday, Whit Thursday, Auoust 15, and November 6. Three miles distant is Tredegar Park, the seat of the Moriran family, built in the time of Charles n. A mile and a half distant is Malpas, with a Saxon church, one of the finest specimens in the kingdom ; the ruins of a castle, and Cholmondely Hall. Eleven miles oil is Cardiff, the county-town of Glamorganshire, seated on the Taaf. It is a bo- rough returning one member, the county court for elections, polling-place and seat of the assizes. The old Church is a plain Norman structure, with a lofty square lower, erected in the reign of Edward HI., and much admired for its pinnacles. The new Church, by Ferrey, erected at the expense of the Marquis of Bute, is an elegant little building in the Saxon style, and. has the staircase in its front, in imitation of the conventual buildings at Canterbury. The Town-hall is in the centre of the town ; the County-jail is on Howard's plan; and there is an ancient and venerable castle, decorated with paint- ings, and in which died the unfortunate Robert Duke of Normandy. The bridge over the Taaf con- sists of five arches, and is a handsome structure, erected in 179G. The Cardiff Canal greatly contri- butes to the prosperity of the town, which carries on an extensive coasting trade in iron. It has a popu- lation of G817, and tv/o Inns, the Cardiff Arras, and the Angel. Entering Somersetshire and proceeding tow'ards Axbridge, on the left lies the road to Wells, on which is Chew Magna, formerly a borough, and having some curious monuments in the church, particularly an ef- figy of Sir John Hartwell, of the time of Edward I., famous for his prodigious personal strength, cut out GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 233 of one solid piece of Irish oak. Stanton Drew, also on the left, has a Druidical monument, consistins: of the remains of four clusters of hui^e massive stones of breccia, red sandstone and magnesian limestone, formins: two circles, an oblons: and an ellipsis. One of the circles is 3(J0 feet in diameter, composed of fourteen immense stones. The other is only 80 feet in diameter, and formed of eight stones. The oblong stands between the circles, and consists of five stones, and at the south east extremity is the ellipsis, composed of seven stones. We proceed on our road at the foot of Dundnj Hill, which serves as a barometer to the Bristol people, and near Dundnjy in the churchyard of which are the remains of an ancient eross 12 feet high. At Kvigsdoicn on the left, near Rmcombe, is dug the red earth for marking sheep, for making the painter's colour called Spanish brown, and also an imitation of bole armeniac. We continue our course through an interesting mineral district, producing lapis cala- minaris and zinc, and arrive at JVrington, formerly a market -town, and distinguished as the birth-place of the immortal Locke, who was born in a cottage near the churchyard. At Barley Wood, in the neighbourhood, lived Mrs. Hannah More, who has a handsome monument in the church. Passing through Roivberrow and JFinscombe, which has a handsome church, we arrive at AXBRIDGE, an ancient borough and market- town, 130 miles from London, on the banks of the Axe. It is a borough by prescription, and a polling-place for the county, but has sent no mem- ber smce the reign of Edward III. It consists principally of one street, running in a winding direction from east to west, at the east end of which is the market-house. The church is a large and handsome cross-formed Gothic building, with a fine tower, decorated with two statues, said to have 234 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. been erected in the Saxon times. Population, 998. Market-dinj, Saturday. Fairs, February 23, and March 25. At Brent, 5 miles off, is a church with curious carvings. Two miles and a half distant is Cheddar, formerly a market-town, and now consisting of four streets, with an ancient hexagonal market-cross. Its ])rincipal manufacture is the cheese to which it gives name, and there are also paper manufactories, and much hose is made. The church is handsome, and contains sotr.e painted glass and brasses. The neighbourhood is celebrated for the grandeur of its scenery, owinsi: to the diversiiy of the Mendip Hills, where extensive caverns, bold protuberances, and numerous chasmis are mixed together. One of these chasms is called Cheddar Cliffs, which rise in many places 400 feet perpendicularly. From the loot of one of these cliffs, on the side nearest Cheddar, nine springs issue ibvth, all within 30 I'eet of each other, and unite about 40 feet from their source, and form the river Cheddar, the water of which is peculiarly clear and fine, abounding in trout, and turning several mills within half a mile of its rise. On its banks are several curious aquatic plants, particularly the Poiypodes, xVsplenum, and Conferva. There is a subterranean passas-e from ftohey Hole, six miles distant, through which flows a constant stream. One cave is nearly iOO feet above the valley, and penetrates full 300 feet into the rocks, having a fine echo, and a roof covered with stalactites. Another cave in the limestone rock is remarkable for containing human as well as animal bones. It is about 30 feet deep, and on the bottom are human skulls, and bones of bears, deer, &c. Three miles to the west is Banwell, celebrated for its bone caves, also in the Mendip Hills. The prin- cipal caves are two, a larger and a smaller, and they contain bones of the bear, wolf, fox, wild-cat, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 235 buffalo, deer, and mouse or bat. The Bishop of Bath and Wells, who has a cottag:e here, has stuck up a ridiculous inscrii)tion over the smaller cave, for the purpose of iruidmg the geological opinions of those who may visit" the caves. Our road from Bristol to Weston is by Long Ashton, famous for its strawberries and cream, and havinir a handsome seat of Sir Charles Smyth, 13art.. built by Inigo Jones in 1634. We then proceed through the coal-district, a romantic country, and the villages of Flax, BackwelL Chelvey, and Brock- ley, to Co7igresbury, and thence through Worle, near which is a Roman camp to Weston on the Sea, lately risen to some dis* tinction as a watering-place. It is situated in a valley sheltered by hills, and has good bathing- ground. There are plenty of hotels and lodging- houses, and a good market-house. The church is dedicated to St. John, and there is a small school. The inhabitants are partly employed in the sprat and herring fisheries. At Bleadon, 3 miles distant, on the Axe, are some Roman works. Leaving Bristol by a beautiful ride, through Wraxall, where are the remains of a Roman camp, attributed to Ostorius Scapula, we have on the left Cadbury Camp, and we come to Tickenham, and thence, passing the remains of lead mines, to CLEYEDON, having a new church, and a hand- some seat called Chvedon Court, belonging to Sir Abraham Elton, Bart. At Walton, 2 miles distant, are the ruins of the church and of a castle, which was an octangular embattled structure, with a turret at each angle. Our first step towards Poitishead is to Leigh Abbots, where there is an ancient cross, and on the right the magnificenV seat called Lei^h Court, the modern Fonthill, the residence of Philip J. Miles, 236 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Esq., M.P. This mafrnificent collection may be seen on applying at Mr. Miles's counting-houses in Queen Square, Bristol. The gallery of this merchant-prince contains many chefs -d'ceuvres of the collections of Wanstead, Fonthill, and the Altieri palace, parti- cularly the landing of Eneas, and the sacrifice of Apollo by Claude, and also works by Michael Angelo, Raphael, (Jorreggio, Titian, Rubens, Mu- rillo, Rembrandt, &c. We then proceed to Portbury, a place of some emmence in the time of the Romans, and where was formerly a cell of Augustine monks, of which there are some remains. PoRTisHEAD has the remains of a fort erected in the last war, a handsome church, with a good tow^er, surmounted by elegant pinnacles. The place is much frequented as a watering-place. There is a handsome hotel, erected by the corporation of Bristol, sea-baths, and reading-rooms, and a stone pier is in progress for the landing of passengers in communi- cation with the Great Western Railway Company, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 237 THE BRISTOL AND EXETER The Bristol and Exeter Railway branches off from the Great Western, near Bristol, and runs parallel to the estuary of the Severn as far as Bridgewater, when it follows the course of the rivers Parrel and Tone, and of the Bridgewater Canal as far as Taunton. It then runs by the side of the Western Canal, and afterwards enters the valley of the Cnlra, which it pursues until its junction with the Exe at Exeter. It is on the same grand scale as the Great Western, and under the direction of the engineer Brunei, who has distinguished himself so much by his exertions to secure their good construc- tit)n. The length of this railway is 76 miles; and although the country through which it passes is difficult, yet it presents comparatively but little cutting, embankment, or expensive work. The capital of the company is 1,500,000/. and the amount to be raised by loans 500,000/. On leaving Bristol the course of the Great Western is followed for above a mile, when the Bristol and Exeter branches off on the right. We cross a small brook, and have on our right Bednmister, and the other suburbs of Bristol, and soon after come to 238 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE.' Yanley, a mile from which on the left is Long Ashton; on the right and on the left is Du?idry, with its beacon hill. Passing through some deep cutting, and a tunnel of 100 yards in length, we begin to descend to Farley and Chelvey, the point where a line branches off to the Nailsea Coalfield, in which our course now lies. We have around us Flaxbarton, Barrow, and Backwell. On our left lies Brockley, We next come to gatton station. From London 128i miles. From Bristol 12 miles. Miles. Miles. To Kenn and Clevedon 4^ To K'UL'Ltou Sevmour 3 To Congresbury 2 «^. _!«, ToWrington 5 ""^ "f" From Exeter 63^ miles. From Bath 22 miles. Our course, nearly as far as Bridgewater,lies along the shores of the Bristol Channel, abounding in beautifal and romantic scenery. Crossing the River Yeo, we have on our left Puxton, and on our v\%\\i Worle, near which is a Roman camp. On the left rise the Mendip Hills, with the bone-caves oi Banell and the springs of Cheddar. A branch on the ght runs off to the watering-place of Weston. Mc£ito« Station. From London 134 miles. From Bristol Y]\ miles. Miles. Miles. ToBanwell Hi sj To Wick St. Laurence 3 ToAxbridge 7 =^ BS* (fW To Weston-super-Mare To Cheddar 9^- ^ by W^orle 4 From Exeter 57 miles. From Bath 27 i^ miles. Leaving Locking and Hutton on the left, we have on the right the branch line to Uphill, which is on the bay of the same name, near the embouchure of GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 239 the river Axe with the sea. The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, stands on the summit of a lolty eminence, and has a tower in the centre : there is also a place of worship for Baptists. This is the site of an intended grand packet-station, which it is hoped may become the station of the Irish and American packets. ctp!;ill Station. From London 13C miles. Fom Bristol \0i miles. Miles. Miles, To R.inwell 4 g To Weston-super-Mare 4 ToAxbiifU'e 8 ..Mi* wAm tr^ To Uphill 2 To Cheddar 10.} ■ From Exeter 55 miles. From Bath 29i miles. We keep upon a dead level for a considerable part of the remainder of our journey. Coming near Bleadon, on our left, where there is a ferry, we cross at the twenty-first mile the river Axe, windinir its way down to Uphill. On our left lies Lympsham, East Brent, and South Brent, formerly a market-town, with Brent Knoll risins: in the background. On the right on the sea-coast are the villages oS. Bream, Berrow, and Burnham, to the admired scenery of which latter a railroad branches off, and where a packet- station is intended to be formed in Bridgewater Bay. 53uvn!)am Station. From London 14:2^ miles From Bristol 2G miles. Miles. Miles. To Axbridge 9 «£* B&i t^ To Burnham 2 From Exeter 48i miles. From Bath 3G miles. About a mile farther we cross the navigable river Brue, running from Glastonbury to the sea. Leaving 240 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. Huntshill and Pawlet on the right, and Pariton and Bawdrip on the left, we arrive at 33ritfgclMatn* Station. From London 119 miles. From Bristol 33 mile?. Miles. Miles. To Glastonbury 15 g To Nether Stowey.. .. 9 To Laugport 13 ^^ kSs t^^ To En more 4 = To North Pelheiton .. 3 From Exeter 41i miles. From Bath 43 miles. A mile beyond Bridijewater we cross the river Parret, and leavin,^ North Petherton, North Newton, and St. Michael, ow our right, we approach the river Tone, after passing through a short cutting, and then ascend its valley to Taunton. The scenery of this river, which accompanies us for above eight miles on the left of the railway, is very interesting, and in some parts romantic. On its banks lie North Curry, Creech, St. BlichaelyUnd Rushton ; and on our right Darston, West Monktou, Hester- combe, and Cheddon Fitzpaine. Caimtou Station. From London 16H miles. From Bristol 45 miles. Miles. Miles. To Longport 14 To Watchet 15 Tollminster .... 12 To WiUiton 14 ToClnrd 17 To Stogumber 11 To Axminbter '■26 ^. H^ ,„,^^ To Duuster 18 "^^ *^ ^"^ ToMinehead 21 To Pollock 29 To Milverton 8 To Wiveliscombe .... 12 From Exeter 29i miles. From Bath 55 miles. Ascending the vale of the Tone, we cross several of its feeding streams, and have on the right, on the Milverton road, Staplegrove and Norton Fitz- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 241 warren, and on the left Bishop's Hull Siud Bradford. Approachino^ Wellinsrton, and crossing the Tone, we have upon our ri^ht Hillfarrance and Ninehead, and on the left Bradford. ^tlliiigton Station. From London 16/ miles. From Bristol 50i miles. Miles. til ■!■ rt^ To Milverton 5 "*^ "l" ^"^ To Wivfliscombe .... 9 From Exeter 25i miles. From Bath 60i miles. We keep on ascending, and about four miles be- yond Wellington enter Devonshire, and pass through the principal tunnel five-eiiihths of a mile long, and on the summit of the line. We then descend throuirh a deep cutting into the valley of the river Culm, vvhich rushes from the Downs, turnins: several mills. On our right lie Burlescombe, and OJfculme, and on our left the branch leadino- off to Tiverton. Cibcvton Station. From London 173} miles From Bristol 57 miles. Miles. To Tiverton 7 ToBanipton 8 Soutli MoUon. «.S9 ■!■ f(^ To Barnstaple ..'..'..'. 40 ■ Til I ItV.'icomhp 51 To Ilfiucombe 51 To Torrin^'toii 42 To Bidefurd 49 From Exeter 19 miles. From Bath 67 miles. We now go down the Culm, which is fiimous for trout and eels, and pass through a considerable embankment. On the left lie the villages of IVor- ridge and IVelland, and we shortly arrive at CoUump- ton^ which is an ancient market-town, consisting of T 142 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. one street of well-built houses. It was a demesne of the Saxon kings, and bequeathed by Alfred the Great to his son Ethelward. The church is large and venerable, and consists of three aisles, one of which is much admired. The tower is a great orna- ment to the town ; and near the font are two curi- ously-carved pieces of oak. There are meeting- houses for the Baptists, Presbyterians and Metho- dists, and a free-school. There is a considerable woollen manufacture, and a population of 3813. Tlie inns are the Half Moon, and White Hart. Collumptou Station. From London 179 miles. From Bristol G3 miles. Miles Miles. To Honilon 13 To Tiverton 7 To Axminster 23 a To Bradninch 3 To Lvme Kef,'is ii? .^gfli B^ Iggf- To Cblyton 30 ^ To Sidmoulh 22 From Exeter 13 miles. From Bath 73 miles. Our course still continues for the remainder of our journey in the valley of the Culm, and down an incline of 1 in 459. On our right is the old town of Bradninch, and on the left Heyford. ^tlijci'tou ^taticn. From London ISG miles. From Bristol /O miles. Miles. 'r--ii sJ« it^ To Bradninch 3 •"^ T *^ To Silvertou 2 From Exeter 6 miles. From Bath SO miles. The short remainder of our way is between nume- rous villages and counfry-seats down the Culm to its junction with the Exe; and before us rise the towers of the ancient city of Exeter. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. 243 dBytttv station. From London 192 miles. From Bristol 76 miles. 3111 es. Miles. To Honiton 16i To Crcditon 7i ToAxminster 26 To Chumleiali 21^ To Ottery St. Mary . 12 To H din staple 37 j To Colvtoa i.'5 To IJideford 39t To Lyiiie Regis 30 To Tonington 42t ToAxmouth 25 To Hatiieileij-h 28 To Sidmouth 15 To Oakhanipton .... 22i To Budleigli 12 To Launccston 41^ To Topsham 3| To Moretua Hanip- To Exmouth lOi stead 11 -', »Ib f,-^ '1'° Tavistock 32 ■-^ "Ir ^ To 13eer Alston 38 ToChudleigh 10 ToAshburtou 19 To Plymouth 43 To Newton Abbot .. II To Totness 23 To Brixham 24 To Dartmouth 35 f To Torquay 23i To Teiijnmouth 15^ ToDawlish 13 From Bath S6 miles. EXETER, 171 miles from London, is an ancient city on the river Exe, from whicii it derives its name. It is the capital of Devon, a county of itself, a county-court for Devon, the seat of a bishop, and of the assizes, and it returns two members to par- liament. It was a British town of importance, and was called by the Romans Isca Damnoniorum. The site of the castle of Rou£:eraont, which is in ruins, contains the sessions-house, and a fine walk called the Northern Hay. The Guildhall, built in 1593, contains some fine portraits. Near the Castle Hill is the County jail, a modern brick buildiuir, and near it the Cavalry Barracks. The Custom House is a convenient buildini? on the quay. The Bishop's Palace is a venerable fabric near the Cathedral. T 2 244 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE. The Cathedral is one of the grandest in the empire, chiefly of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and contains some ancient monuments, a curious clock, and a bell weighing 12,500 lbs. There are numerous parochial churches, but they are gene- rally small, and containing little worthy of notice. There are also a Jewish Synagogue, a Cathohc Church, and meeting-houses for Quakers, and other Dissenters. The Free Grammar-School is richly endowed, and there are many charity-schools and almshouses. The Devon and Exeter Hospital was opened in 1747; and there are besides a Lunatic Asylum, an Eye Infirmary, Dispensary and Lying- in-Charity ; also a Female Penitentiary, a Humane Society, and a Strangers' Friend Society. The Phi- losophical Institution has a library : the Athenaeum is a new building, with a library and weekly lectures ; and there is a Mechanics' Institution. The Theatre is a small building ; and there are Subscription Concert Rooms and Baths. The stone bridge over the Exe is much admired. The Friars is a hand- some walk. The trade of Exeter is large, and is carried on in vessels of considerable burden. Many of the coaches to Cornwall pass through the city. Population, 28,201. Inns, the New London, Old London, Clarence, Star, Globe, Half Moon, and White Hart. I N D E X. Abinodon, Si Abstoue, 207 Abiin,', 153 AcTox Station', 7 Adelaide Lod^e, 35 Aldbourn, IH Alderley, 123 Aldermastou, 65 Almondsburv, '22S Alveston, 2-2S Amersham, 17 Ampaey Duwn, 113 Audover, /O, 74 Ankenvyke, 19 Antiquities, v. His- torical sites: — Abstoue, 'iO Abury, 153 Alderston Camp, 146 Almondsbur%', 228 Alveston, 2:i8 Amberloy Camp, 120 Ausley, 1S2 Ariconium, 137 Asliendon, 81 AsthaU. 105 Alhelney, Isle. 196 Barbuiv Camp, 151, 153 Battesbury Camp, 178 Beacouhill Camp, 116 Becketsbuiy-, 123 lieusinu'ton, 1S2 Beverstone Custle, 121 -Vntiquities: — Bleadoii, 235 Blunsdon Castle Hill. 109 Boarsiall Castle, 81 Bratton Castle, 176 Friglitvvell,83 Bri-iitwell Hill Camp, 78 Broad Ride Camp, 127 Brockhampton Camp, 137 Cadburv Camp, 235 Caerleon. 231 Caerwent, 231 Caldicott Castle, 230 C'alleva, 61 Camalot, 185 Cam's HiU. 159 Capler Hill Camp, 137 Cardiff Castle, 232 Castle Acre, 48 Castle Cary, 185 Castle Kiu!,'. 182 Castleton, 184 Chastletou,107 Cheddar Cross, 233 Chepstow Castle, 239 Chew Magna, 232 Chidbury Camp, 74 Chibbury Camp, 72 Clay Hill, 178 Cireccc'ster, 113 Cold Kitchen Hill, 180 Coles Pits, 101 Antiquities .— Corshrra, 161 ('uuctio, 154 Ueerhurst Priorv 147 Desborough Castle, 142 Devil's Den. 134 Devils Quoits, 95 Di'Ke Hills, 82 Dineder Camp, 140 Dishley, 183 Dorociu:i,82 Durtou Camp, 81 Dundry, 233 Dunster, 197 Dvmock. 135 ElwiTth, 173 Eddiufjton, 176 Eu^jlish Bicknor, 140 Ermine Streef. 116 Ethelberfs Camp, 137 Evesham, 146 Faringdon Castle, 103 Farleigh Castle, 177 Foss Knoll. 159 Fossway. 115, 159 Frome Priory, 179 Glastonbury, 193 Glocester, 128 Goodrich Castle, 136 Hanham,206 Ilcddin-ton. 134 Henbury, 229 Heytesbiiry, 179 246 INDEX. Antiquities :— Hiiidon. 181 Horsley, 122 Ilchester, 188 IschiUis, 188 King's Stanley, 124 Kingston West, 173 Kingswooti Abbev, Kington St. Mi- chael, 158 Lacock Abbey, 161 Langstone, 121 Lechlade. 108 Leonard Stanley, 124 l.eucomagus, 72 Liddingtou Castle, 151 Little Sodburv, 174 Malpas.232 M aide, 134 Mailborough 151 Merabuiv, 72, 151 Milton Hill. 74 Monk's Kisboiough, 42 MuswellHill, 82 Mntuantonis, 159 Tsewent Priory, 134 Newport, 232 North Cernev, 115 Notley Abbev, 80 OH'pnham, 147 Okelbrd, 182 Oldbury Camp. 154 Pang bourn, 64 Park Place, 49 Penhew,23l Porlbury,236 Prince's Risbo- rough, 42 Reading Abbey. 57 Ridgeway, 151 Rodmarton, 116 Roilrick Stones, 107 Salisbury Hill, 173 Seveu Barrows, 102 Shaftesbury. 181 Sherborne, 183 Sherstone, 159 Silbiiry, 154 South Cadbury, 185 Antiquities : — Somerion, 189 Spinas 08.69 Sponebed Hill, 119 Stantonbury Hill, 2U7 Stanton Drew, 233 Stanton St. Quiulin, 157 Stavo:dale. 183 Stoke bishop, 229 Stourton, 180 Strattou - on - the Foss, 187 Sturminsler, 182 Sudely Castle, 145 Sudbrook Cmp.,230 Taunton, 199 Tewkesbury, 148 ThornburvCstl.,228 Tisbury, 182 Tittlepath Hill, 182 Tolland Royal, 182 Trajectus, 142 TredvniiOg, 231 Twer'ton, 203 UfTington Cstl., 101 Uley Bury, 1:^2 Upton, 25' Vindonum, 61 M'alton Castle, 235 M'ansdyke, 154 ^Vardour Castle,182 "Warminster, IJS "\VatlinfitonCstle.,78 AVaylaiid Smith,l02 Weilow, 191 Wells. 193 West Wycombe, 42 Whatlev, 180 WhiteHrse.. 102.154 Brat ton. I76 Wincanton, 183 Windsor Park, 36 Wiuterbourn Bas- set, 153 Wiveliscome, 200 Wolbury Camp, 13/ Woodchester, 121 Woodeboroiigh, 191 Worle, 235, 238 Wrangd\ke, 72 Wraxali;235 Arlington, 13 Ascoi Heath Aston Tyrrell, 83 Alheluey, Isle, 196 Aylesbury, 79 Axbridge' 233 B.ADMINTON, 174 Badgeworth, l42 Bagshot Heath, 37 Bampton, 104 Banwell Caves, 234, 238 Barley Wood, 233 Basildon. 75 Basingstoke Church, Natives. Town- Hall, Holv Ghost Chapel, 59* Bath Station, 162, ■ 201 Bath: — Abbey. 164 All Saiuts Ch., 165 Analysis of Water, 167 Antiquities. 163. 170 Argyll St.Chap.,166 Badminton, 174 Baptist Chapels, 166 Bath and West of En^;land Agricul- tural Societv, 108 Batheastoii. 173 Baths, 166 Bellott'sHosp.,167, 168 Bladud, king, 163, 166 Bladud Spa, 167 Boarding - Houses 171 Bridges, 169 Cathedral, 164 Catholic C lunch es : Orchard St., lt;6 Portland-Pl., 166 Prior Park, 173 Chairmen's Fares, 172 Charities, 168 Charlcombe, 173 Choral Society,l69 Bath :— Christ's Chnr. 165 City Prison, IC? Cleweston, IJS Cleveland Pleasure Baths. 16/ Club. 169 Coach Fares, 171 Coach-stands, 172 Coldasion, 174 Cold-baths, 167 Combe Grove, 1/3 Cora i>t. Chap. 165 Corporation, 170 Cross Bath, 167 Dirham, 174 Doddington Pk.,171 Pownfide Cstl., ISJ Duke of Kingston's Batli, 166 Ebenezer Chap.",lC6 Fairs, 171 Fares, 171 F"arleif.'h Castle, 177 Floricultur.il So- ciety, 16y. 169 Fly Fares, 17 1 Freemasons' Hall, 168 Geology, 170 Crammar i?chl., 168 Guildhall. 16/ History, 163^ Flospilal, 167 Hot-bath. 167 Independent Cha- pels, 166 Inns, 171 Kelston, 173 KensiuijtonChapcl, Ifo King's bath, 166 Ladv Huntingdon's Chapel, 166 Laura Chapel, 165 Literary lustit., 168 Lyncombe Ch., 165 Markets, 167, 171 Mechanics' Institu- tion, 168 Methodist Chapels, 166 MoravianChap.,166 INDEX. B.iTH : — New King St. Cha- pel, 166 Newton Park. 173 iSormn St. Philip, Octagon Chapel, 165 Orchanlleigh, IJ'J Partis's College. 167 Piiilharmonic So- ciety, 169 Police. 169 Poor Law Union,168 Population, 170, 171 Prince's St. Chapel, 166 Prior Park, 172 Puckle Church. 174 Pump Room, 166 Quaker's Meeting, 166 QucenSq.Chap.,165 Queen's Bath, 166 Queen's College,168 KailwayStaticn.162 Kesistralion office, 168 Riding-school, 169 Romans, 163, 170 Roman Villa. 203 St.Cathorine's Hos- pital, 167 St.John'sChap..l65 St. John'sHosp.,167 St, James's Ch., 164 St. Mark's Ch., 165 St.Mar;:aret's Cha- pel, 165 St. Mary's. Bath- wick, 165 St. Mary Magda- len's Church, 165 St. Mary's Chapel, 165 St. Michael's Ch., 164 Chapel, 165 St. Saviour's Ch., 165 St. Swithin's Ch., 164 Salisbury HiU, 173 Saltl'ord, 205 247 Bath:— Schools, 168 Season, 167 See, 163, 164 Situation, 163 Somerset St. Cha- pel. 166 Stratton - on • Ihe- Foss. 187 Swimming Baths, 167 Swedenborgian Chapel. 166 Sydney Gardens, 169 Synagogue, 166 Tepid Plunging- Bath, 177 Theatre, 168 Trinity Church, 165 Twerton, 173. i20i Cuitarian Chaj^l, 166 L'niied Hosp., 167 Upper Assembly Rooms, 169 Vicar Apostolic, 165. 173 Victoria Park. 169 ■yValcot Chapel, 166 ^Vards, 169 WeUow, 191 "Woodeborough. 191 Workhouses, 168 York St. Chaple, 166 Batheaston, 173 B.\Tuixo Places : — Minehead, 197 Portishead. 263 Westou-on-ihe-Sea, 235 BattlesburvCamp.178 Baulking, 101 Beaconsiield, 25, 40, 42 Beaminster, 190 Beauchamp Court, 110 Beckford, 146 Bensington, 82 Berkeley— Town- Church— Castle, 125 248 INDEX. Bidcombe, 180 Biddestone, 161 Binfield, 46 Heath, 51 BlRTH-PLACES.r.His- torical sites : — Aldrich, Bp. 38 Alley, Bp. 41 Alfred the Great, 101 Bacon, Roger 189 Blackmore, 101 Blagrave, 57 Blake. Adm. 196 Bradley, 107 Browne, S., 188 Butler, S. 149 Butler. Bp. 101 Cabot, 223 Canton, 118 Charleton, 183 Chatterton, 226 Coleridge, 226 Colston, 225 Coxeter.109 Croke, 81 Daniell, 206 Davenant, 89, Dee, 150 Draper, Sir W.. 225 Edward the Black Prince, 96 Edwards, Bp. 1/6 Estcourt, 148 Floyd, Bp. 62 liarrick, 139 Godwin, Bp. 41 Grainger, 182 Grove, 200 Hart, 153 Hearne, 47 Hetheridge, 79 Heylin, 105 Hobbes. 159 Holt, 79 Hughes, 152 Jenner, 125 Keate, 175 Laud, 57 Lenthall.SO Lawrence, 226 Locke, 233 LoDglaud, Bp. 50 Birth-places :— Lysons, 116 ManofRoss.135,136 Marcet, 145 Milton, 74 Merrick,.57 Iveedham, 105 Korris, 74 Palmer, 1/0 Penu, Adm., 255 Raikes. 133 Rowe, Mrs. 189 Sacheverall, 152 Scott. Dr.. 157 Southev, 226 Sprat, Bp. 190 Tanner, Bp. 177 Tavlor, 133 Wallis, Dr.. 72 White, Sir T., 16 White, Dr., 18 Whitfield, 133 Bisham, 45 Bishop's Canning, 154 Bishop's Cleeve, 146 Bishop's Wobum,43 Bisley. 116 Bitton, 207 Blackmore Vale, 183 Blalze Castle, 229 Bland ford Park, 100 Bleadou, 241 Blenheim, Palace, Column, Saloon, Libraiy, Cliapel, Lake, Park, 97 Boarstall, 81, Bore, 196 Bourton, 107 Buwood. 160 Bos, Church, Spa, Tunnel, 161 Bradford, 174 Branham, 160 Bratton, I76 Bray, 5 BravAdck, 45 Bredon, 148, 149 Bremhill. 156 Brent, 234 Brentford, Situation, Geology, Church, Kew, 9 Bridgewater, Bridge, History, Castle, Corporut. Streets, Church, Quay, Borough, Trade, Blake, Railway Station, 195, 241 Bkidgewateb Sta- tion, 241 Brightwell, 83 Brightwell Priors, 77 Brill, 81 Brinsden, 180 Brisliugton,207 Bristol Station, 208 Bristol : — Almondsbury,228 All Saints Ch,, 216 Alveston, 228 Analysis of springs, 223 Arcades, 224 Assembly Room, 223 Atlantic Steam Na- vigation, 212, 225 Backhall, 214 Blaize Castle, 229 Baptist Clia. 219 Baptist College, 221 Bells, 219 Blind Asvlum, 222 Boiling Well, 227 Botanical Soc, 220 Bridewell. 214 Bridges. 224 Bristol Inslitut. 220 Bristol Library, 220 British Associa. 212 Britons, 209 Bedmiuster New Church, 218 Castle. 210 Cathedral, 214 Catholic Churches, 219 Charities, 222 Chew Magua, 232 Christchurch, 216 Clifton Hotel, 224 Clifton Church, 218 Clifton Dispensary, 222 INDEX. 249 Bristol : — Clifton Spring. 223 Clitton b-uspeiision Bridge. 224 Colouization, 210, 211.225 Clevedon, 235 Colston's Chap.,219 College. 221 CommercialRooms, 2U Cooper's Hall, 214 Corporation, 212 Council House, 213 Courts, 213 Cumberland Basin, 224 Custom House, 213 Dispensary, 222 Domesday Book, 210 DovTy Sq. Chapel, 218 Dublin, Coloniza- tiuu of, 210 Exchanjie, 214 Excise Office. 213 Exliibiiion,220 Extent, 212 Floatinsr Chap. 219 Florists'Socieiy,221 Foster's Chap. 218 French MV,2'J7 Gates, 224 Geology, 226 General Hosp. 222 Giant's Cave, 224 Glocester Hotel,224 Goram's Chair, 229 Grammar Schools, 221 Guildhall, 313 Henbury, 229 History, 209 Holv Cross Ch. 213 Holy Trin. Church, West .St. 218. Hotels. 227 Holwell House, 224 Hudson's Bay dis- covered, 225 Huntiiigdonian Chapel, 220 Brt^toi, :— Independent Cha- pel, 219 Infirmary, 222 Jail, 213 Jews, 210, 219 Jurisdiction, 313 Kincweston. 229 Knowle, 228 LeatherMarket,214 Leigh Abbots and Court, 235 Libraries, Anatomi- cal, 222, Bristol, 2i0. College, 221, Institution, 221 , Literature, 225 Long Ashton, 235 Markets, 214, 225. 227 Manufactures, 213 Masonic Halls, 221 Mayor, 212 Mayor's Chap. 217 Mechanics' Institu- tion, 220 Medical School, 220 Merchants' Hall, 214 Merchant Tailors' Hall. 214 Mint, 210, 211,2-22 Moravian Cha. 219 Museum, and Gal- levies, Acraman's, 221. Anatomical. 222, Baptist Col. 221, Bristol Li- brary, 220, Bristol Institution, 22U, Leigh Court, 23G Natives, 225 Newfoundland dis- covered, 211 Is ew Jerusalem Ch. 220 Observatory, 224 Orphan Girls' Asy- lum. 223 Patent Shot, 213 Pen Park Hole, 229 Philharmonic Soc 220 Bristol :— Police, 212, 213 Population, 212 Portburv, 236 Portishead, 236 Post Office. 213 Presbyterian Cha- pel, 227 Quakers' Meeting, 219, 227 Quay. 224 Railway Stat.. 218 Bank.212 KedclifTe Ch. 215 Redlaud. 228 Riots, 211 Romans, 209 St. Augustine's the Less. 216 St.George'sCh. 218 St. James's Ch. 216 St. John Baptist's Church, Bedmin- ster, 21G Nelson St. 216 St. Marks Chapel, 2v7 St. Mary - le - Port. 217 St. Mary RedclifTe, 215 St. Matlhew'sChur. 218 St. Michael's Chur. 21/ St. Nicholas's Ch. 217 St. Paul's. Portland Square, 217 St. Peter's and St. Paul's, 217 St.Peters Hospital, 222 SU Philip and Ja- cob's Church. 217 St.Stephen'sChur.. 218 St. Thomas's Chur., 218 St.Werbmrgh Chnr, 218 Saline Spring. 224 Saxons, 209 25^0 INDEX. Bristol: — Schools, 221 See, 211. 212 Sion Spiiiifr. 224 Situation, 212 Slave-trade, 210 Squares, 224 ^tapleton, 227 Station, 208 Statistics, 212 Statue, 'William III.,224 Steam Packets, 227 Stoke Bishop, 229 Stoke Park. 227 Suspension Bridge, 224 Synagogixe, 219 Taheruacle, 220 Temple Ch., 218 Temple Mead De- p6t, 203 Tlieatre Koyal, 223 Tides, 213 Trade, 213 Trinity Chapel. 218 Trinity Chuich.Hol- wells, 218 Unitarian Chapel, 219 Victoria Rooms, 223 Walton Castle, 235 Weavers' Hall, 219 Welsh Chapel, 219 WesleyanCha.,219 Westbary,228 West's Observatory, 224 Whitfieldite Chapel, 220 Wraxall,235 Zoological Gardens, 223 Brockhampton,137 Bruton, 183, 185 Buenos Ayros, 119 Bulstrodei 23 Burtbrd, 105 Buriiliam,38,40 BuRNHAM Station, 241 Bushley, 150 Butler's Court, 25 Cat.ne, 159 Cam's Hill, 159 Cardiff, Churches, Castle, Bridge, 232 Castle Carv, 185 Castle Godwiu, 119 Caversham, Cliurch, Hill, Spa, House, 58 Chalfont St. Giles, 16 Chalfont St. Peter, 16 Chalgrove Field, 77 Chalvey Green, 37 Chard, 190 Charlcombe, 173 Chastleton, IO7 Cheddar, — Cross — Cheese — Church — Cliffs— River— Wo- kev Hole — Banwell Caves, 234,233 Chedworth, 115 Cheltenham. Assem- bly Rooms, 144 Cleave Hill, 145 Customs, 143 Grotto Gardens, 145 Holy Trinity Chur., 143 Long Room, 144 Moutpelier, 144 Pitville Spa, 144 Prestbury. 144 Races, 145 St. Mary's Ch,, 143 Schools, 144 Season, 144 Southam House,145 Spa, 143 Station, 143 Well Walk, 144 Cheltenham Sta- tion, 143 Chepsto\v,Cridge,Cas- tle, Chapel. Church, Weil. Tides, 229 Chew Magna, 232 Chilton, 81 Chippenham, 157 Chippknham Sta- tion, 157, 161 Chipping Marlow, v. Great Mailuw, 44 Chipping Norton, 106 Chipping.Sodbury,174 Chippiug Wyconibe,u. Wvcombe High, 41 Cholsey. 83 Christ Church, 231 Church Enstone, 107 ' Cirencester, llistorv. Abbey Church, 113 Cirencester Sta- tion, 113. IIG Cleeve Hill. 145 Clevedon, Wraxall, Cadbury Camp, Tickenham, Cleve- dou Court, Walton Castle, 235 Clewestou, 173 Clifton, See Bristol Cogges, 98 Cold Aston, 174 CoUingbourne, 73 Coley Park, 58.62 Colford, 140 Colnbrook, I7 Collumptou, 241 CoLLUMPToN Sta- tion. 242 ("orabe Grove, 173 Compton, 74 Beauchatnp, 102 House, 160 Cooper's Hill, 20 Corse, 133 Court, 133 Corsham, 161 Crantbrd, 13 Crendon, 80 Crewkerne, 190 Cricklade, 112 Cricklade Station 113,116 CroomeD'Abitot, 150 Crovvthorne, 116 Cuddcsden. 95 Culbone, 197 C umnor Plaoe, 98 Datchet, 26 Dawley House, 13 Denchworth, 101 Denham, 16, Court, 20 IXDEX. 251 Devizes, Castle, Streets, Churches, Canal, 154 Didcot, 13 Dirhara, IJ-i Ditchlev House. 100 Ditton Park, 26 Doddington Park, 174 Doninjjton C.isile C] Donningtou, 137 Dorchester, 82 Dorton Church, Spa, Hall, Camp, Neiyh- V)ourhood, t^l Dowuside Castle, 1S7 Dravcot Cerne Park, lo6 Dudcot, S3 Dundry, L>33, 233 Dunke'rrvBeacou, 197 Diinster, 197 Dunstsborue Abbots, 116 Dursley,124 Ealivo Statiox, 8 East Bedfont, 10 East Challosv, 101 ' East Everlv, 74 Eastllslev.74 EastnorPark.134,171 Eddington, 176 Egham, 18 EUingham Castle,144 Elm, 179 Enborne, 71 Enirlefield. C5 Enuiish Bicknor. 140 Erie Stoke Park, 177 Eton, Situation, Cha., i School. 26 I College, Historv I 27, Library 29, 1 — Montem,24,Provost, | 27, Scliools, 2S 1 Evesham, Abbey Churchy Vale, 146' Ewelm, 77 Exeter: — Athenseum, 244 Barracks, 243 Biidge, 244 CastFe, 243 EXETKR :— Cathedral, 244 Chajiels, 244 Cliarities. 244 Custom House, 243 Friars, 244 Guildhall, 243 Grammar School, 244 Hospital, £44 Jail, 243 Mechanics' Insti- tute. L'44 Palace, 243 Philosophical In- stitution, 244 Railwav Station,243 Tiieatre, 244 Exeter Station, 244 Fairford, 110 Farley Castle, 177 Farnham Royal, 24, 38 Faringdon, 102 Hill, 103 House, 103 Station, 102,110 Fawley Court, 57 Flansborough, 136 Flaxlev, 141 Fonihi'll Abbey, 181 Forestliill, 95 Fo\vnhope,137 Fr.impton-oa-Severn, 127 Freclblk, 07 Frenchay, 227 Frocpste'r, 124 Froumore, 35 Frome,Priory,Streets, Churches, Neigh- boiuhood, 179 Fulmer, 2i Gatcombe Park, 120 Gauut's House, 06 Geology: — Bath, 170 Banwell Caves, 234 Biutield, 51 Bredon, 149 Brentford, 10 Geolooy :— Bristol, 226. 227 Broad Marston, 185 Keynsham, 2t'6 London District, ix Museums, 62 Gerrard's Cross,234 Gillingham,180 Glastonbury, Hist. Abbev, Churches, Tiiorii, 194 Gi.ocEST£K Station , 128 Glocesteb:— Abbev, 129, 130 Bishop. 130 Cathedral. 130 Chapels, 131 Churches, 131 Citv Jail, 130 College Green, 131 Corporation, 129 Countv Jail, 130 Gates,'l30 Historv. 123 Holv trinity', 131 Hospitals, 132 Market-house, 130 Manufactures, 132 Natives. 133 Port, 132 Schools. 131 Shire Hall. 130 Situation. Ii8 Spa. 132 Station, 128 Streets, 129 Theatre, 132 Tolsev, 130 Godsion.93 Gol.ien Vale. 120 Goodrich Castle,13G Goosey. 101 Gorani's^Cl air, 229 Gorin;:. 75 Great Bedwin, 72 Great Hampden, 42 Great Malvern, 150 Gieat Marlosv. 44 Great Okeburu, 151 Great ^VEST. Rail- way : — Coastriictiou, xii 2^2 INDEX. Great West. Rail- way:— Continuous Bear- ings, xiv Course, ix Cuttings, xix Curves, xi Embankments, xii Gage, xii Gradients, x Iron ties, x Levels, x MaidenheadWorks, xiv, 40 Museums, 62 Piles, XV Eails, xvi Section, x Sleepers, xvi Slough Station, 27 Summits xi Swindon, xi.. Ill Traffic. X Tunnels, xi, lf.l. 202, 205, 206, 207 Hamish, 158 Hampton Common, 121 Hangman's Land, 119 Hanham. 206 Hannay, 101 Hanwell Station, 9 Harescomb, 127 Hardwick House, 63. Ilarlington, 13 H ar mond .s worth, 13 Hartwell,80 Haves, 12 Ha'yles. U6 Heddington, 154 Hempstead Lodge, 70 Hempstead, 127 Henbuiy, 229 Heneiton. 49 Henley-on-Thames, Church, Literature, Neighbourhood, 60, 58 Hereford : — Castle,137 Churches, 139 Herefohd : — Cathedral, 139 History. 137 Jail, 138 Library, 139 Natives, 139 Palace, 138 Schools. 139 Shire Hall, 13? Theatre. 139 Town-Hall, 138 Heston.ll Heytesburv, 178 Heythorp, 167 Highiiam Court, 134, 135 High Wycombe, v. W'vcombe High, 41 Highwonh, 1U8 Hillingdoii, 12 Hindou, 181 HiutonSt. George, 190 Historical Sites, t". Antiquities, Birth- places, Tombs Alfred the Great.96, 101, 102, 119,176, 180, 196, 209 Arlington, 13 Atheliicy, isle, 196 Bacon, J, 92.214,215 Berkeley Castle.l 26 Blackst6ne,76, 92 Blake,Ad.,196— 198 Bowles, 13*i, 164 Bradley, 10/, luO Brentford, 9 Brill, 81 Bristol, 209 Brown, 98, 150 Burke, 25, 150 Butler, 149 Cabot, 211, 226 Calue,159 Caversham, 58 Chalfont, 16 Clialgrave, 77,82 Chantrev. 52, 87. 164,220 Charles I.,32, 45, 58 Charles II., 158, 211 Chatterton, 215,226 Chaucer, 6i), 77 Historical Sites :— Clarendon. 59, 94 Clietden, 43 Cole, 38 Colliiigborno, 73 Congveve, 95 Cooper's Hill, 26 Cowper, 214 Crabbe, 175 Crendon, 80 Croke, 79, 81 Denham, 19, 20 Devizes, 154. Dickiiis. 161 Durliam 174 Donnington Cstl. 69 Draper, Sir W.,164, 216. Drvden, 65, 164, ]:d\vanlll.,126,210 Elizabeth, Queea,43, 72. 96, 124 Ell wood. 16 Enborne, 71 Evesham, 146 Fair Rosamond, 96, 98 Fawlev Court, 51 Fielding, 164, 172. 173 Flaxman. 91, 131 Fleetwood, 23 Garrick, 139, 164 ; Gibbons, 35, 137 Graves, 173 (iray,22, 23,26 Ilambledon. 44 Hampden, 42, 77,79 Hartwell, 80 Hen lev, 50 Henry VIII. ,32,227 Herschel, 21 Hogarth. 215 Hounslow, 12 Hurlev, 48 .lames'll.. 12,48 James II., Scotland, 32 Jeffreys, Judge, 23 Jobn."l2. 19, 32, 52, 76,210 Johnson, 93 Jones,Inigo,I35,23S INDEX. !53 Historical Sites :— Kelston, 173 Lawrence, 155, 226 Locke, 93, 233 MngQii Chaila, 12, 19,52.76 MiinofRoss,91,135 Maple Durham, 63 Marlborou;.'h,96,151 Mason, 2U Medmeuham, 4i Milman, 57 Milton. 16. 42, 95 Mitford, Miss, 57,58 Minchinhampton, 119 Monmouth, Duke of, 195 More, Sir Thomas, 105 More, Mrs. Han- nali, 214,215, 218, 226, 233 Moore, 156 JNewbury, 68 Newnham, 141 Orrery, 42 Oxford, 85 Pope, 30, 46, 47, 95, 114, 116, 136, 137, 173. 184 Prvnne, 19? "Raleigh, 1::<5 Reading, 52 Reynolds, 92 Robinson.Mrs.Marv 36, 226 Roval Society, 93 Salt Hill. 24 Sedgemoor, 195 Shakspcare, 26, 32 Shelley, 109 Shenstone.SO Sheridan, 36 Slough. 20 Smewins House, 47 Southcote, 62 Southey, 215, 226 Staines, 13 Sterne, 214 Stoke Pogis, 22 Stow ia the Wold, 107 HisTORicAi. Sites :— Surrey, 32 Swift.' 126 Talfourd, 57 Taplow, 42 Taunton. 128 Tewkesburv, 147 Twerton, 173 Twyford. 4S Upton, 150 Uxbriilge, 14 Vanbrugh, 94, 96 Wadham College, 93 Walcot, 30 Waller, 25, WaUingford,76 Westmacott,36, 92 White. Sir T. 16,93 "SVincVicombe, 145 Winchester, Mar- quis, 65 Windsor, 30 Wren. 94 W^ att. 35 Yduug, 92 Holm Lacey. 137 Horsley, 122 Horton, 190 Hounslow, 12 Hull's Court, 25 IIungerford.71 . Park, 72 Hurst, 51 Hurstbourne Park, 70 ICCOMBE, 107 Ilchester : — Romans, Jail, Church, Na- tives, Neighbour- hood, 183 Ilminster, 160 Islip, 95 Iver, 20 Joyce Grove, 77 Kelston or Kelvcs- ton, 173,205 Kousall Green Cerae- try, 6 Keuuet, 154 Kew, 10 Keyneiiam Station, 206 Keynsliam : — Abstone, 207 liilton, 207 Bridges, 205, 206 BrisUngton, 207 Chuich, 20G Hanham, 206 History. 206 Marke"ts, 206 Pucklechurch, 20/ Railway Station,206 Siston,'207 Stantonbury Hill, 207 King's Barrow, 119 Kingsclcre. 6G Kingsdon. 233 King Stanley, 124, 127 Kingston West. 173 Kingswood. 1^3 Kingston, St. Michael , 158 Kingweston, 229 Kingsbury Castle, 119 Knowle, 223 Lacock Abbey, 161 Lani^lev Marsh, 20 Langport, 189 Leckhampton, 142 Lechlade, 10 J Ledburv, 133 Leigh Abbots. 235 Court, 236 De la Mere, 153 Leonard Stanley, 123 Lidnev, 142 Park, 142 Little Bedwiu,72 Coxwell, 104 Down. 141 Marlow, 47 Sodburv, 174 Stoke, 75, 77. 83 Liitlecot Park, 72 London Station. I Long Ashton. 235,233 Longcote, 102 Lon-leat. 17S, ISO Loudwater, 25 Z 254 INDEX. Lower Slaughter, 108 Lndgershall, 72, 74 Lydiard Park, 156 Maidkn1?radley,1S0 Maidenhead Sta- tion, 40 Miiidenlicad, Viaduct, Cliurcli, Alms- houses, Bridge, Sta- tion, Jail, 40 Malmsbury, Abbey, Cross, Natives, Neighbourhood, 158 Malpas, 231 Malvern Wells, 150 Mangotsfield,207 Maple Durham, 63 Marcle, 133 ^larilou Huish, 158 MarketLavington,177 Maklborol-oh :— Castle, 151, 152 Churches, 152 Grammar-school, 152 History. 151 Jail, 152 Manufactures, 152 Market-house, 152, 153 Natives, 152 Neig;hbourhoGd,153 StreetF,152 Town Hall. 151 Marsficld,173 Matson, 127 M-draenham Abbey, 44 Melksham.ieO Spa, 161 MiddlehillSpa, 161 Milborne Port, 185 Milton, 16, 84 Milverton, 200 Min;hing Hampton, 116,119 Minehead, 197 MiNKRAL Springs: — Acton Wells, 7 i-iadgeworth, 142 Bath, 167 Cavereliam Spa, 5S I MiKERAL Springs : — Chalvev Green, 37 Cheltenham, 148 Ciiippenliam, 157 CliCiuu Hot Wells, 223 Deddington, 98 Dorton Spa, 81 Gloucester Spa, 132 Horton, 190 Malvern Wells, 150 Melkshara Spa, 161 MidJlehill Spa, 161 Springwell, 75 Tewkesbury, 148 Walton Cardiff, 148 Yatton, 136 IMinslerworth, 141 Misbourne Riv.,16, 25 Miserden, 118 Mitclieldean, 140 Monkey Island, 45 ^Iouk'sRi-borough,42 Moutem, 24 Moore Park, 16 Moret:>nBrook,77,83 Moreton iu the Marsh, 108 Morland Wood, 44 Mortimer's Castle,134 Moulstord, 75 Nailsey Coalfield, 238 Nettlebed, 77 Newbury, Speenham- land, Church, Mar- ket, Jack of New- bury, Neighbour- hood, 68,71 New Court, 156 Newent, 134 Newland, 140 Newnham, 141 Newport St. Woollas' Brid^^e, Castle, Tredegar, Malpas, 231 Newtou Park, I73 North Cadbury, 185 Cernev, 115 Moretou, 83 — -- Sidwoith, 74 Northleach, 115 Notley Abbey, 80 Nuneiiam Courtney, 85 OAKINOnAM, 64 Oaklev, 82 Grove, 116 Offenham. 147 Old PassageFerry,229 Osterley Park, 11 Overburv, 149 Overton, '66 Oxford : — All Saints Chur, 87 Bishop, 87 Blenheim, 97 Bridges, 83 Carfax, 87, 83 Castle. Se, 88 Cathedral. 86,92 Chapels, 83 Cluistchurch, 86,92 Corporation, 86 Cuddesdeu Palace, 95 Extent, 88 Great Tom, 93 Heddington, 83 History, 85 Islip, 95 Markets, 83 R.idcliffe Infirm.. 88 St. Ebba'sCh.,87 St. Martin's Ch.. 87 St. Mary's Ch., 87 St. Peter's le Bailey Church, 83 St. Peter's in the East Church, 88 Situation, 85 Stanton Harcourt, 95 Town Hall, 88 Trade, 88 Woodstock, 96 Oxford University : Alban Hall, 94 All Soul's Coll., 92 Arundelian Marbl., 94 Ashmoleaa Museu., 94, m INDEX. 255 OxroHD Untvtrsity : Baliol College, 91 Bo(Iloi:in Lib., 94 Botanic Garden, 95 Brazeniiose Coll.,92 Chancellor. 90 Christclmrch Coll.. 86,92 Cl.irendon Printing House. 94 Degrees, 90 Downing Coll., 94 Edmund Hall, 94 Exeter Coll., 91 Guise Gall, of Pic- tures, 93 Hertford Coll., 93 Historv,89 Jesus Coll., 93 Lincoln Coll.,92 Magdalen Coll., 92 Merton College, 91 Music Room, 95 New College, 92 New Inn Hall, 94 NewPiintingllouse, 94 Observatory, 95 Officers, 90" Oriel College, 91 Pembroke Coll., 93 Picture Gallerv, 94 Proctors, 90 Profejsors, 90 Queen's Coll., 91 Radcliffian Lib., 91 St. John's Coil., 93 St. Mary's Hall, 94 St. Mary Magdalen Hall, 94 Schools, 94 SheldonianTlieatre, 94 Sherrardian Lib. ,95 Theatre of Anat.,93 Trinity Colle:;e, 93 University Coll., 91 Vice-Chancellor, 90 Wadham Coll., 93 Worcester Coll., 93 Papdikoton Sta- tion, 1 Painswick, 118 Pangbourn, 63 Panobourx Sta- tion, G4, 75 Park Place. 49 Passage, Old & New, 229 Pen Park Hole, 229 Pershore, 149 Pickwick, IGl Piercefield, 230 Porlock, 197 Portbtiry, 236 Portisliead — Church, Hotel, Pier, 236 Preshute, 153 Prestbury. 144 Prince's Rijboroueh, 42 Prior Park, 172 Pucklecharch, 174,207 Pur'.ev, G3 Pusey, 104 Races:— A scot. 37 Burfovd, 105 Cheltenham, 145 Egham, 19 North Cerney, 115 Oxford, 8S Tetburv, 121 Wells, 193 Railways regulations, Ramsbury, 72, 153 Reading Station, 58 62 Reading Abbey, 57 Almshouses, 55 Arausemi-nts, 56 Basin, 57 Blue Coat Schl. 55 Buildiniis, 53 Castle-st. Chap. 55 Caversh:im, 58 Chapels, 55 Coley Park, 53 Compter, 54 Convents, 54, 55, 57 Corporation, 53 County Jails, 54 Grammar Sclil., 55 RE.\T>rK:3 : — History, .52 Hoij.ita!, 56 Literary Instit., 56 Manufactures, 56 Markets, 57, 53 Mineral Springs, 58 Museum, 56 Name, 52 Natives. 57 Oracle, 55 Parishes, 54 Philosophical In- stitution. 56 Polic. 53, 54 Railway Station, 59 St. Giles Chu., 55 St. James Catholic Church, 55 St. John's Chu.. 55 St. Lawrence's Ch., 54 St. Mary's Chu., 54 Schools, 55 Theatre, 56 ThreeMileCross ,58 Town Hall, 54 Trinity (^hu., 55 ^^ alks, 56 Wliile Knights, 53 Redland, 228 Remeuham, 49 Rendcombe, 115 Retaining W.ills, 202 RickmansNvortb, 14 Robin's Wood Hill, 127, 130 Redmastun, 116 Roll Wright, 107 Ross, Town, Cliurch, Man of Ross, Palace, 135 RothcrOeld Grays, 51 Round wey Hill,' 154 Runnyme-e, 19 Ruscombe, 48 Saint Bhia\-xlt/s Castlk, 230 Saint Lawrence Wal- tham, 18 SALTForwD Station, 205 Z2 256 INDEX. irne, 72 5es.l7 SaltforJ, Embank- Tuent, Tunuel, 205 Salthill.24 Saperton, 116 Sarsiien Ilousn, 106 Satwell, 83 Savernake Forest, 153 Seven Barrows, 102 Sevenhampton, 110 Shaftesbury, Historv, Abbey, Town Hall, Churches, Water, 181 Shallbourne, 72 Shardelo Shaw, 68 Shepton Mallet,— Streets, Jail, Cross, Churches, >«atives, 188 Sherborne,Calhedral, Castles, Neigh- bourhood, 184 Sherbourne, 107 Shcrbourne Castle, 78 Sherston,159 Shillingford, 102 Shiplake, 51, 53 Shipscombe Green, 119 Shooter's Hill. 64, 75 Shottesbrook, 47 Shrivenham, 107 Silbury Hill, 154 Silchester ; History, Streets, Theatre, Roads, Church, 58, 59,65 Sipson Green, 13 Siston. 207 Slimbridge, 125 Slojieiton, 155 Slough, 20 Slouoh Statioi*. 21, 27 Smewiu's House, 47 Somerton, 189 Sonning, or Sunning- on-Thames, 51 Southall. 11. Park,9 SOUTHALL StATION.U Soutliam House, 145 South 13rcnt, 241 South Cerney. 113 Moreton, 83 Petherton, 190 Stoke, 75 Southcote Manor- house. 62 Spav.Mineral Springs Speen. 69 Speenliamland, 68 Springwell, 75 Staines, History, Eg- ham. Neighbour- hood, 18 Standlake. 98 Stanford in the Vale, 101 Stanton Drew, 233 Stanton Harcourt, 95, 98 Sianton, St. Quintin, 157. 158 Stantonbury Hill, 207 Stanwell, 18 StapIeton,227 Stations: — Acton, 7 Bath, 162 Bridgewater, 240 Bristol, 208 Burnham,239 Cheltenhnm. 143 Chippenham, 157 Cirencester, 113 CoUumpton, 242 Cricklade, 112 Ealing, 8 Exeter, 243 Faringdon, 102 Gloucester, I28 Hanwell,9 Keynsham, 206 London. 1 Maidenhead. 40 Nailsoa, 238 Paddington, 9 Pangbouru, 64 Reading, 58 Saltford, 205 Silverton, 242 Slough, 21, 27 Southall, 11 Steventon, 84 Stroud, 117 Statioks :— Swindou, 111 Taunton, 240 Tiverton. 241 Twerton, 201 Twyford, 49 T'pliill, 239 ^Vallingford. 76 Wellington. 241 West Dravton, 13 Weston, 238 Yatton. 288 Steventon Station, 84, 101 Stoke Pogis, 22 Park, 22. 137, 227 Stonehouse, 126 Court. 127 Stourhead Park, 180 Slourton, 180 Stow in the Wold. 107 Strathfieldsaye, 325 Stratton, 116 Strattouon-the-Foss, 187 Stratton, St. Margaret, n Streatley, 75 Strensham, 149 Stroud, Clothing, Scenery, Churches, 117. 122 Stkoud Station, 117» 127 Sunning Well, 85 Swallowfield, 59 Swindon. Ul House, 112 Station,U1, 151,156 Taplow, 42 Court, 43 TauntonStation,240 Taunton Bridge. 199 Catholic Ch.. 199 Chapels, 199 Charities, 200 Castle, 199 Courts. 198 Franciscan Con- vent, 199 Tai'Ntox :— History, 198 Hospital, 200 Institution, 199 Manufactures, 200 Market House, 199, 200 Natives, 200 Nook, 199 Kail«avStation,240 St. James's Ch.,i99 St. Mary Magda- len's Church, 199 Schools, 199 Streets. 198 Theatre, 200 Tetbury, 120 Tewkesbury, History, Bridges, ' Church, Theatre. Walks, Spa, 147 Thame, History, Ch., School, Neighbour- hood, 79, 82 Park, 78 Thames Head, lU Thatoham, 0/ Theale, 65 'Ihoruburv, 223 ThreeMile'Cros3,58,59 Tickeuham, 235 Tilehiirsi, 62, 65 Tintern Abbey, 230 Tiverton Stat., 241 Tombs: — Aileliza, Queen, 58 Arthur, King, 194 liathur.-^t, Lord, 114 Bird, 215 Black stone, 76 Bracton, 197 Biadley, 120 Broome, 104 Burke, 25 Burton, h7 Butler. Bishop, 214 Cantelupe, St., 139 Canute the Gret. 181 Charles I., 35 Charlotte, Q., 35 Colston, 210 Day, 49 Dochvell, 47 INDEX. Tombs :— Draper, Sir W., 164, 216 Draper, Mrs. E. 214 Edgar, King, 194 Edwardlhe Mar.vr, King, 139 Edward 1 1. ,131 IV., 35 EleanorofBrit.,216 Elizabeth Wood- ville. Queen, 35 Ethelbald, K.. 181 Ethelbcrt, King, 84 Fielding, Sarah", 164 Frideswide, St., 87 George II I. & I v., 35 GlanvU, 164 Harrington, 164 Hearne, 88 Henry I., 58 VI.&:VIIL35 lua. King, 192 J ;uieSeymour,Q.,35 Jenner,"ll4 Jennings, 150 Jewell, Bishop, 85 Mail of Ro5s, 135 Marten, 230 Mason, Mrs., 214 Melmoth, 164 Milton, Sarah, 42 Nash. 164 Orrery, Countess. 42 Penn. Sir W., 215 Philippa, Q., 217 Philipps, A., 139 Ricardo, 158 Robert. D. of Nor- mandy. 131 Rt)bert Rufus, 216 Robinson, Mrs., 36 Ross, 135 Savage, 217 Sheriidan. Mrs., 36 Sibthorp. 164 Smith, 161 Stuart. Gon.,215 Tewkesbury, 148 Waller. 25 ' Warburton. 114 William IV.. K..35 Winchester, J., 65 257 Tombs : — Wyatt, 184 Tottenham Park, 153 Tredegar Park, 232 Trew sbury Mead, 114 Trowbridge, 175 Tub:iey. 101 TWEKTON ^^TAT., 201 TwertoD, Cottage, 173 Station, 201. Tunnel, 202,RomanVilla,203 Twyford, 8. 48 T WYFORD Station, 49 Ujtinotok, 101 Uley, 122. Cphill fc.T.\Tioy, 239 Uphill, Railway Sta- tion, Church, Packet Station, 238 Upton, 25, Court, 26 on-Severn, 150 Uxbridge, Markets, History, Church, Neighbourhood, 14 Waltham Abbas, 47 St. Lawrence, 43 White. 47 Walton Cardiir, 143 Wantage Church, Grammar School, Natives, 100 Wardour Castle, 182 Wartield, 46 Wargrave, 49 Warminster, 177 Warren Hill, 16 Wallingford Bridge, Churches, Castle, Neighbourhood, 76, 82,83 Warwick Court, 110 Watchet, 197 Watlington, 77 Welford. 71 W.U Park, 115 Wellington, 200, 241 Station. 241 Weli-s : — Bishop. 192 Cathedral, 192 Chapels, 193 Z 3 258 INDEX. Weli,s : — I Chapter House, 192 Conduit, 192 Corporation, 19 i History, 19\ Hospital, 193 Markets, 193 Natives. 193 Palace, 192 Haces, 193 St.Culhbert'sChur., 193 Scliools, 193 See, 191 Situation, 191 Streets, 192 Town Hall, 192 Wokev Hole, 193 West Challow, 101 — DjiATToN Sta- tion, 13 Wobnrn, 43 Woodhay, 71 • Wycombe, 42 AVestbury. 141, 176,228 "Weston Station, 238 AVeston on Sea.M'orle, Church, lileadon Station, 235, 238 Wexham, 23 AVliarncliffe Viaduct, 8,11 AVhatley. 180 "Whicliewood Forest, 100, 105, 106 Whitchurch, 67 White Hart Forest, 180 Horse, 102 Knights. 52, 58 • Waltham, 47 Whitehouse, 135 Wickwar, 22? Winoanton, 183 Wincombe, 145 Windsor: — Adelaide Lodge, 35 Ascot, 37 Barracks, 31 Bridge, 29 Castle, extent, 33 Garter,orderof,35 History, 32 Keep, 34 WiNPsoR :— Literature, 32 Lower Ward, 34 Mausoleum, 35 Poor Kni^'hts. 34 Prisoners, 32 Royal Apart- ments, 34 St. George's Cha- pel. 34 Statute of Charles II., 34 Terrace, 35 Tombs, 35 Upper Ward, 33 Visitors, Distin- guished, 32 Waterloo Gall, 34 Chah-evGreen,37 Chapel's, 31 Churches, New Windsor, 30 Old Windsor, 36 College, Lion, 27 Chapel. 29 Library, 29 Corporation, 30 Eton, 26 Chapel, 26 School, 26 evening Tour to, 4, 37 Forest, 37, 46 Frogmore, 35 Gas-works, 31 Guildhall, 31 History. 30 Hospitals, 31 Manufactures, 31 Markets, 31 Mineral Springs, 37 Montem, 2i Old, 36 Park Home, 3.') Great, 36 Provost of Eton, 27 St. George' sChapel : Chapter, 35 History, 34,35 Mausoleum, 35 Princess Cliar- lotte'sTomb,35 Tombs, 35 Windsor : — Urswick Chapel, 35 Windsor, 34 Salthill, 24 Schools, 26, 31, 36 Statues : Charles II., 34 George III.. 36 Henry VI., 28 Theatre Royal, 31 Virgii)ia Water, 35 Winscombe, 233 Winterbourne Bas- sett, 153 Witham Park. 180 Witney, History, Ma- nufactures, Town Hall, Church, 99 Wiveliscombe, 200 Wokingham, 46 Wolverhampton, 65 Woodchcster, 121 Woodley Green, 52 Woodstock, History, Palace, Town Hall, Ch., Blenheim, 96 Wookey Hi,le,193,234 Wooton, 98 Wooton under Edge, 122 Woofon Bassett, 15 Wormwood Scrubs, 7 Worle, 235 WottonunderWood,82 Wraxall, 235 Wrington,233 Wycombe Abbev, 42 — High,' His- tory, Town Hall. Church, Natives, Neighbourhood, 41 Park, 41 West. 42 Wyrardisburv, 19 Wytham, 98 ' Yatton Station,238 Yatton, 136 Yeovil, Antiquities, ("hurch. School, Manufactures, 186 Yeovilton, 189 ■ ITINERARY GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Paddlngrton Station.— (page 1) BRIDGE. To "NVestbourue «^« mam C^ CUTTING. Paddington Caoftl BRIDGE. Genenil Cemetery BRIDGE. BRIDGE. THAMES JUNCTION RAILWAY. Wormwood Scrubs EMBANKMENT. CUTTING through the clay. CANAL BRIDGE OF TWO ARCHES. 3 m. EMBANKMENT. Acton CUTTING. Twyford (p. 8) Acton Station,— (p 7) 4 m. to Turnham Green 2J m. -^ to Chiswick 3 m. to Hammersmith 3| m. Fordhook House Hanger Hill Ealing ,.S» ■!■ e^ to Twj ford (p. 8) , EMBANKMENT. 5 m. Castlo Bear Hill CUTTING. 260 EaliniT Station,— (p. 8) to Brentford 2i m. to Kts.v bridge 2i m. ^-^ ^^ ^,_^ to llichmoud New (Jlmrcli *^* "I" "^^ 4^ m. EMBANKMENT. Ilanwell Park (p. 8) gravel. 7ni. WHARNCLIFFE VIADUCT. Ilanwell Lunatic Asylum llauwell Cp. H) RIVER BRENT. „^» i^a rar- to Uxbrid^^e 7 m. Hanwell Station,— (p. 9) 7ira. ..^A ■fia «^ to Brentford 2i m.' to Islfworth 4 m. _ Grand Junction Canal Norwood CLAY. .Southall ("p. 11) Osterly F'ark Cp. II) Southall Park (p. 9) BoBton House fp. 9) Brentford (p. 9) Southall Statlon-{p. H^ 8i m. to Ileston 11 m. (p. 11) to Southall (p. II) to ILiyes 3i m. (p. 12) INNS— White Hart, Red 1 NNS— Adim and Eve, Lion White Hart, Angel ^^ -B- -^;^ to Ilarlinaton 3 m. (p. 13) -^*' "f* "^^ to Hounslosv 3 m. (p. 12) INNS— George, Red Lion, Rose and Crown llim. GRAND JUNCTION CANAL. Powder Magazine Hayes (p. 12) PADDINGTON CANAL. Crauford (p. 13) Hillingdon (p. 12) YEALDING BROOK. Harlingion (p. 13) Dawly House Sipson Green Cp. 13) West Drayton Harmoudsworth (p. 13) 261 o^* BRIDGE. Grand Junction Canal Conley to Uxbridge West Drayton Station,— (p. 13) 13 m, to West Drayton to Colnbrook 4 m. (p. 17) •INNS— White Hart, Ca- therine Wheel to Staines 6im. (p. 18) INNS— Clarence Hotel. Angel, Crown, Cathe- rine Wheel, King's Head , .m» «r^ to Thorney i m. Colnbrook (p. 1/) BRIDGE. COLN RIVER. Urn. CUTTING. 15 m. «g» ■!■ «^ to Uxbridge 3 m. Cp- H) INNS— White Horse. King's Arms, Chequers, Three Tuns to Rickmansworth 10 m. (p. 15) INNS— Swan, George to Amersham 14 m. (P- 17) INNS— Crown, Griffin Iver Court toIver|m. (p. 20.) Delaford Park EMBANKMENT. 16 m. to Langley Marsh i m. (p. 20) Ilorsemore Green -S* CUTTING. 17 m. Langlcy Park (p. 20) Langley Grove Slough Statlon,-(p. 21) to Slough i m. (p. 20) INNS— Crown, Red Lioa to Upton i m. (p. 26) to Datchet H m. (p. 26) to Windsor 2 m (p. 26) INNS— Castle, Star and Garter, Wliite Hart to Old Windsor 4 m. (p. 36) to Ascot 8 ra (p. 37~) toChalveylm. (p,37) ISim. -S* «^ to Stoke Pogis 1 m.(p.22) to Chalfont 9 ra. (p. 16) to Beacoustield 6^ m. (p. 25) I^•^S— White Hart, Saracen's Head to Amersham 6i ra. (p. 85) INNS— Crown, Griffin 2G2 SlouKli (p. 20) Chalvey Grceu (p. 37) Eton (p. 26) AViiulsor Castle (p. 32) Salt Hill (p. 24) Eton Wick Wexn.im Stoke Place (p." 22) Stoke Poiiis (_p. 22) TWO MILE BROOK. 20 ni. Boveney l||| Farnham Royal (p. 24) Cippenliam Bnrnliara (p. 38) Buruhara Abbey (p. 38) I llitcham Doruey M Tajilow (p. 43) Bray (p. 45) || i| Cliefden (_p. 43) MAIDENHEAD VIADUCT, (p. 39) RIVER THAMES. XVXaldenliead Station,— (p. 40) 22im. to Windsor (> m. (p. 26) to Maidenhead (p. 39) JNNS— Castle, Star and INNS— Sun. Bear, Red Garter, White Hart ^^^ JL, ^r^ Lion, White Hart to Oakinghara 10 m. "^^ T* '*^ to Beaconslield 8 m. (p. 46) (p. 40) INN— Rose ' INNS— White Hart, Saracen's Head to Cookham 2i m. to High Wycombe 10 m. (p. 41) INNS— Red Lion, Falcon to Great Mailow G* m. (p. 44) INN — Lrowu EMBANKMENT. Maidenhead (p. 39) 23 ra. Folly Hill Tittle Row Ileywood Lodge CUTTING gravel and sand White Walthani (p. 4/) chalk 25 in. Smcwin's House (p. 4/) Stubbing's Ili-ath EMBANKMENT. 26 ni. Shottesbrook (p. 47) Knowl Hill CUTTING chalk Bear Hill 27 m. BlUDGE. 263 EMBANKMENT. St. Lawrence Wallliam Hurley f p. 43") (p. 48) BRIDGE. Hurley House (p. 48) CUTTING. 28 m. Castle Acre (p. 48) Bear Hill EMBANKMENT. Stanliike Ruscomb CUTTING, gravel and clay Wargrave TwyTord StatloOf— (p. 49) 30im. to Waltham St. Lawrence 3 m (p. -^8) toBinfield 5 in.(p. 46) to Oakingham 6 m. f p. -16) INN — Rose Haines Hill Hurst to Reading ^^ to Twyford i m. (p. 48) INNS— Kinij's Arms, Duke of Wellington to Wargrave 2 m. (p. 49)j to Ilenlev 5 ni. (p. 50) INNS— i5ell. Rfd Lion, White Hart, Catherine Wheel BRIDGE. EMBANKMENT. RIVER LODDON. Shiplake (p. 151) Hazel Park DEEP CUTTINGS. 33 ni. Sunning (p. 51) zlf er^ to London ExMBANKMENT. Woodley Groen (p. 52) Holme Park Woodley Lodge (p. b-2) River Thames London' Road Cavorsham Park fp. 53) Cavershaui (p. 63) RIVER RENNET. While Knights (p. 58) Three Mile Cross (,p.58) Reading Station,— (p. 58). 74 feet above the Loudon Depot 34ini. 264 to Heading (p, 53) INNS— Crown, Bear, George, Broad Face to Oakingham 6 m. (n. 4fi) INN— Rose to Basinjjstoke 16 m. (p. 59) INNS— Crown, Angel, George toSilch«ster 10 m. (p. 60) to Theale 4 m. (p. 65) INNS— Falcon, White Hart, Hare and Hounds Coley Hall (p. 58) River Keunet Prospect Hill Southcote House (p. 62) Tilehurst (p..62) _ Sulham Euglefield Theale Parley Hull (p. 63) .»S« «J^ to Henley 8 m. Cp. 58) INNS— Bell, Red Lion. 'White Hart, Catherine Wheel 35 m. 38 m. Thames Maple Durham (p. 63) Parley Hardwick Houbc CUTTING. Fawley Brook Pangrbourn Station,— (p. 64). 40im. to Theale 5 m. (p. 65) _^ _i_ INNS— Falcon, White "^^ TT.. Hart, Hare and Hounds to Aldermastou 9 m. (p. 66) to Silchester 12 m. (p. 66) to Kingsclere 14 m. (p. 66) to Overton 19 m. (p. 66) INN— Rftd Lion to Whitecluuch 24 m. (p. 67) INN-WhiteHart to Thatcham, 8 m. (p. 67) INNS-Kiiig'3 Head, White Hart to Newbury 15 m. (p. 68) INNS— George, Globe, Jack of Newbury, White Hart to Audover 30 m. (p. 70) to Pangbourn (p. 63) 265 INNS— Star. White Hart, George, Catherine Wheel to Hungerford £3 m. (p-71) INNS— Black Bear, Sun, Tliree Swans to Ludgershall 37 m. (p. 73) to East Ilsley 9 m. (p. 74) Basildon House (p. Basildon (p. "Jo) Goring (p. 75) Springwell (p. /a) Thames Clfve MQl Moulsford CUTTING. ?5) Shooter's Hill Thames chalk Combe Lodge EMBANKMENT. 4 m. THAMES. 44 m. THAMES. 48 m. Gathampton Spring Farm Little Horse Ferry "Walling^ford Station,— (p. 76). 43im. Loringdon Farm Astuu Tyrrel Blewberry to Walling ford 3 m. (p. 76) INNS— Bear, Lamb to Nettlebed 7 ni. (p. 77) to Watliugton 12 m. (p. 77) to Thame 18 m. (p. 78; INN — Red Lion , to Aylesbury 27 m. to iJortou Spa 24 m. (p. 80) INNS— Morris's Spa Ho- tel, Sun, Rose and Crown to Bfusington 12 ra. (p. 82) INNS— The Castle, White Hart to Dorchester 6 ra. (p. 82) WaUingford Cholsey MORETON BROOK. 51 m. 266 Soutli Moreton Iliigborne Didcot Milton Hill East Ilendred 52 m. Paper Mill Mackney North Morelou Satwell Brife'htwell (p. 83) Duniell Farm Sutton Courtney Milton StevL-nton Stcventon Station,— (p. 84.) 56 ra. to Stcventon (p. 84) to Wantage 11 m. fp. 100) ^.^ S_ ,^, INNS— AllVed's Head, "^* T "^ Bear East Hciidved West Ilondrt'd Aniingtou Wick Ardiiif^ton Charli.m Neville's Farm Grove Wick to Wantage 2i m. Wantage (p. 100) to East Shallow 2 m. EastCliallow Child rey West Challow Broad T.eaze Sparsholt Kingston Lisle Block lo Abingdon 4 m. Cp. 84) ^ INNS— Crown and Thistle, Queen's Arms to Oxford 11 m. (p. 84) INNS— Angel, Star, King's Arms, Mitre, Boebuck, Golden Cross, Tliree Cups,. Three Goats to Woodstock and Blcn^ heim 19 m. (p. 96) INNS— Bear, Marl- borough Arms to Witney 18 m. (p. 99) INNS— Staple Hall, Lamb and Crown j Drayton Tulmey(p. 101) WILTS AND BERKS CANAL. East Ilannay 59 m. M'est Ilannay <.^«i C®^ to Abingdon 7 m. Kiver Ock Dcnchworth Goosey »SS Bga tf^ to Faringdou 6 m. COm. Collier Farm Stanford in the Vale (p. 101) Wilts and Berks Canal 267 Uffiagton (p, 101) I3rook Baulkln^' TJITington Casllo (p. 101) Wayland Sniitli (p. 102) ^Vllite Horse (p. i02) Seven Barrows (p. 102) II Shillingford (p. 102) Fernham Ga nut's Bridge Louj^cot WILTS AND BERKS Woolstone CANAL, Wilts and Berks Canal Kni^diton Brook Becki-t Park Comptou Beaucharup West Mill Bourtou Brook Shrivenham Watchtield Faringdon Station,— (p. 102) 63 ru. to Faringdon 7 m. (p. 103) INNS— Crown, Bell to Baniptoii 15 m. (p. 104) toBurford 17 m. (p.lOo) INNS— Bull, George to Chipping Norton 27 ni. (p. 106) INN— White Hart =.^a fe&B iP^ to Stow-on-the-Wold 27 m. INN— Unicorn to Moreton-in-the-Marsli 32ni. (p. 108) INNS— Unicorn, White Hart to Hi;,'hworth 4 m. (p. 108) to Leclilade d m. (p. 109) INN— New Inn to Fairfield 12 m. (p. 110) INN— Bull to Cricklade 9 m. (p. 112) INNS— White Horse, Hart Wilts and Berks Canal Seven Hampton Earl's Court Farm South Marston IV 1 i ^4. -1- --^ t« Cricklade 7 m. (p. 112) ^^^l=°t --^ T «^ Stratton St. Margaret (p. Ill) to Swindon 2 m. (p. 108) ^^J» e&a «^ to Highwotth 6 m.(p. 108) to Swindon 1 m. (p. 108) ,5,^ 1 ^^^~^ to Cricklade 7 m. (p. 112) Swindon (p. 108) -=*=* TT Rodburn Cheney NORTH WILTS CANAL. 2 A 2 268 Swindon Station,— (p. 111). '6 m. Summit level 953 feet above London depCt, and 2/5 above Bristol deput. to Farringdon 11 m. (p. 103) INNS— down, 15ell toLecliladell m. (p. 109) INN — New Inn to Swindon 1 m. (p. Ill) INNS — Goddard Arms, Bell to Aldboiirne 9 m. (p. 151) to Hiingerfoid 17 m. Cp. 71) INNS-Hlack Bear. Sun, White Hart, Three Swans to Marlborough IG m. (P 150 INNS— Castle, Marl- borough Arms, Crown and Anchor, Angel, Castle and Ball to Salisbury 44 m. INNS— White Hart, An- telope, King's Arms, Tiireo Swans, Lamb to Devizes 21 m. (p. 159) INNS— Black Bear, Castle, Crown W'ilts and Berks Canal =^» C^ to Hif,-hworlh 5 m. (p. 108) to CrickUde 7 m. (p. 112) INNS— White Horse, Hart to Cirencester 15 ra. (p. 113) INNS- King's Head, Bam to Cheltenham 33 va. (p. 143) to Gloucester 31 m. (p.l£8) to Wootton Bassett 5 m. (p. 156) INNS— Royal Oak, King's Head. Angel Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway to Swindon lim (p.lll) ^ t^ V^ *\J!'S)7 ^^^'^"^*'"- Ok us East Blagrove Bishop's Farley Goldborough to Marlborough 12 m. (p. 151) ^m Lydianl Tregoso Lydiard Park Blagrove Lvdiard Milliccnt W'ichficld Spittleborough Midge Hall ^^-.^ Wootton Bassett I'm. '^ (p. 156) 83 m. Lower Groenhill Shaw House Tockeuham Tt)ckenham Wick While Hill liVnchara INCLINED PLANE. Descent 1 foot in 106 Wootton Bassett (p. 156) Ivy House Farm Brinkwoith (irittenham House Dauntsey Green 269 to Wootton Bassett G m. (p. 156) Clack, a hamlet of Lyne- ham, called a town by the country people Bbadenstoke Abbey, also a hamlet of Lyneham, has a farra-houjo in the Norman sl^le, wliich U the remains of a cele- brated priory, founded in 1142 by Walter Deve- reux FoxHAM has a chapel built by the Hungcrford family =4Eft tf^ to Draycot 6 m. Dauntsey Dauntsey House Somerford Dodfurd Sca;j:ry Sutton Bender Chris liau Mai ford Kellaways Titherton Lucas BremhiU (p. 155) Chippenham (p. 157) RIVER AVON. 90 m. Langley Burrel Kintjton St. Michael (p. 158) Huish Park Mardoa Huish Cliippeiiham Station,— (p. 157) 93 ra. to Chippenham -J m. (p. 157) INNS — Angel, White Hart, Rose and Crown, George, Kiui^'s Head to Calne6ni. (p. 159) INNS— Lansdown Arms, White Hart to Melksham Spa 8 m. (p. 159) INNS — Kings Arms, George Rowden House to Coisham 3 m. 4- to Mahnsburv 10 m. (p. 158) • INN — White Lion to Wootton Bassett 15 m. (p. 156) INNS — Royal Oak. Kind's Head, Ang>'l toTetburv 16 m. (p. 121) INNS — White Hart, Three Cu})s to Corsham 4 m, (p. 161) Cheveliug =.Sd ■§■ eW^ to Chippenham 1 m. Laycock Abbey (p. 161) 94 m. Corsham House (_p. 161) to Laycock 2 m. (p. 161) .^3 warn g^ to Corsham I m. (p. 161) " Corsliam (p. 161) Biddestone (p. KJl) Colerne INCLINED PLANK. Descent 1 foot in 100 2 A3 270 BOX TUNNEL (p. 162) 96 m. Rox (p. 162") Ditteridge Middlehill Spa (p. 162) ^ I'ickwick (p. 162) to Bath to Chippenham iSIonkton Farley Bathford Bath Hampton Bath wick ^Vidcomb Trior Park (p. 172) =^a eran 6"^ to Chippenham ^4 Bia egr- to Bath Elmhiirst RIVER AVON BathEaston(p.l73) Swaiuswick Charlcomb (p. 1/3) AVooley Langridga Bath Station,— (p. 162) Ham Gardens, 20i feet above the London Depot, 42i feet above Bristol. 106i m. to Bradford 7 m. (p. 174) to Bath (p. 163) INN— Swan INNS -York House, to Trowbridge 11 m. (p. Wl.ite Hart, Wliite Lion. 175) Elephant and Castle, INN— George Greyhound, Castle and to Westbury 15m. (p. 176) Ball, Angel, Christo- INN— Lopez Arms ^- - i — to Market Lavington 23 m. ""^ T ''^ pher, Sydney Hotel, Lamb (p. 177) to Marshfield 7 m. (p. 173 INN— Catherine Wheel to Warminster 17 m. (p. 177) to Badminton 12 m. (p. INNS— Weymouth Arms, 174) Angel to Chipping Sodbury 13 to Heytesbury 21 m. (p. m. (p. 174) 178) INNS— Bell, Swan INN— Angel to Frorae 13 m. (p. 179) INNS— George, Bell to Mere 25 m. (p. 180) INN— Ship to Siiaftesbury 37 m. (p. 181) INN— Red Lion to Bruton 45 m. (p. 183) INNS— Blue Bell, King's Arms to Wiucanton (p. 183) I N N S— Bear, Grevhound, Wliite Horse ' , to Sherborne 40 m. CP- 184J 271 INNS— Antelope, King's Arms to Castle Gary 48 m. (p. 185) to Yeovil 42 m. (p. 186) INNS— Mermaid, Tliree Choughs to Shepton Mallett 15 m. (p. 187) INN — George to llcliester 32 m. (p. 188) INNS— Old and New Swan, Bell to Langport 41 m. (p. 189) INN — Swan to South Petherton 28 m. (p. 190) to Crewkerne 43 m. (p. 190) INNS — George, Red Lion to Beamiuster 50 m. (p. 190) INN — George to Ilrainster 50 m. (p 190) INNS — George, Swan to Chard 51 m. (p. 190) INNS— Angel, Red Lion, George to Wells 17 m. (p. 191) INNS— Christopher, Swan to Wookey Hole 19 m. (p. 193) to Glastonbury 22 m. (p. 193) INNS— White Hart, George to Somcrton 29 m. (p. 189) INN— Red Lion to Bridgewater 37 m. (p. 195) INNS— Royal Clarence, George to Taunton 45 m. (p. 198 ) INNS Castle Street Hotel, White Hart, London, George to Milverton 53 m. (p. 200) to Wiveliscombe (p. liOO) to Wellington 52 m. (p. 200) INNS— White Hart, Squirrel 272 South Hays INCLINED PLANE. Descent 1 foot in 1320 lUVER AVON. Claverton Street VIADUCT. "Wells New Road Oak Street EMBANKMENT. CUTTING. BRIDGE. BRIDGE. BRIDGE. EMBANKMENT. BRIDGE. Wulcot Weslou Tworton Zntermedlate Station,— (p. 20 ij ■108 m. Twerton (p- 173) Englislicombe (p. 1/3) to Wells Newton Park (p. IJS) Newton St. Loe Corston .=^3' $^ VIADUCT. New Bridiro r.^» nSa e^ to Bath CUTTING Kelston Park (p. 173) throujjh loose soil, 50 feet deep Kelston (p. 1/3) Covered way North Stoke Avon Wood Villa TWERTON TUNNEL, 780 feet in length CUTTING. 50 feet deep EMBANKMENT, 20 feet higli River Avoo BRIDGE, Culvert o^e^ a brook CUTTING, 30 feet deep BRIDGE. [Fossil Elephant found, p. 205] [Komau Villa found, p. 203] to Bristol Newton Coke Works Burn* 273 ,,^9 iL eg- to Bath EMBANKMENT, 20 fnet high 108i m. BRIDGE. BRIDGE. BRIDGE. BRIDGE. Corston Brook Culvert BRIDGE. BRIDGE. Sallford Saltford Znterracdiata Station,— (p.'.2C 5) UOi m. -^9 ^ CUTTING. €0 feet deep Chewton Place SALTFORD TUNNEL, 480 feet long „^d ■!» r^ to Saltford CUTTING, 40 feet deep lias limestoue Chewton Keynsham LEVEL. Gothic Bridge 112 m. Compton Damlo EMBANKMENT. 15 feet deep BRIDGE. Calvert BRIDGE. Culvert LEVEL. BRIDGE. Keynsham (p. 20G) EMBANKMENT. Bristol Brass Battery Morks River Cliew Wick House Arno's Vale CUTTING through lias limestone 274 Kcynsham Station,— (p. 20G) to Keynshani (p. 206^ to AranL-otsficld, 6 in. INNS— L:unb au BCa rS" to Billon ;iad Gloucester EMBANKMENT, 30 feet high BRIDGE. Culvert BBIDGE. (/ulvert Queen Charlton CUTTING through Pennant sandstouo, 70 feet deep Covered Way Arch in the natural rock EMBANKMENT. 114* m. Mhitchurch Green ' Ilanham Whilchurcli Bridge over a Private Railway CUTTING. BRISLINGTON TUNNEL, Five-eightlis of a mile long Brislington House Couliam Urislingtun (p. i^oy) CUTTING In solid ruck, 60 feet deep TUNNEL 462 feet long Level in a valley TUNNEL 990 feet long CUITING, red sandstone, 50 feet deep EMBANKMENT, 18 feet high 275 BRIDGE. Bridge of Three Arches over the River Avou VIADUCT.- Gothic Bridge of Two Archos over the Harbour Bristol Station, TEMPLE MEADS DEPOT,— (p. 203) 22 feet bolow the Loudon Station 117im. to Keynaham 4^ m. (p. 20G) INNS— Lamb and Larli, Crown to Shcpton Mallet 19 m. (p. 187) INN— George to Wells 18 m. (p. 191) INNS— Christopher.S wan to Axbridge 1? ni. (p. 233) to Cheddar 19i ra. (p. 2.S4) to Weston-on the-Seal9m. (p. 235) toClevedonl2ira.(p.235) to Portishead 13 m. (p. 23G) e^ to Bristol and Clifton INNS— liiish, Gloucester, Clifton, Talbot, Bath, York House, White Hart, Swau, Full Moon, Cumberland, White Lion, Plume of Fea- thers, Greyhound, Vic- toria, Temperance toChippin<,'Sodbury lOmt (P- 174) INNS— Bell. Swan to Wickwar 13 m. (p. 22/) to Gloucester 34 m. (P- 12S) INNS-Bell, Booth Hall, King's Head, Ram to Thornbury 14 m. (p. 228) INN — Swan to Berkeley 21 m. (p. 125) INN — Berkeley Arms to Chepstow 16 m. (p. 229) INNS — Heaufort Arms, Three Craues, George to Newport 20 m. (p. 231) INNS — King's Head, Wcstgate House ITINERARY OF THE CHELTENHAM AND GREAT .WESTERN UNION RAILWAY. Swindon Station,— (p. Ill) 16 m. Ciicklade (p. 112) Cricklade Station,— (p. 112) 82 m. to Ciicklado Cp. 112) INNS — White Horse, •'^* "f *^ South Ceniey (p. 113) Ampney Manor House (p. 113) Cirencester Station,— (p. 113) 91m. .0 Cirencester (p, 113) ^ ^ ,^ ',°^.^!!lS l" "'•^''- "'^ to I'.mfoid 17 m. (p. 105) INNS— null. George to NorlhJpacli 10 m.(p.]15) INNS— Knit's Head, Sherborue Arms to Stow-on the- Wold 17 m. (p. 107) INN — Unicorn Oakley Grove (p. IIG) HI! Stratton (p. IIG) Ivodmarton (p 116) |||j DimtsborneAbbots(p.llG) Saperton (p. 116) 277 RIVER FROME. TUNNEL. Miuchiuhampton (p. 119) Bisley (p. 118) Chalford Stream Cp. 116) Stroud Station,— (p. 117) 103 m. to Stroud (p. 117) INN — George to Minchiuhumptou CP- 119) INNS— Glaziers' Arms, Crown to Woodchester (p. 121) toTetburv(p. 121) INNS— White Hart, Three Cups to Wottou-under-Edge 18 m.fp. 12^) INN'hJ—Ssvan, White Lioa to Duisleyl2m. (p.l24) INNS_01d Bell. Lamb to Berkeley 14 m. (p. 125) INN — Berkeley Anns to Moretou Valance 7 m. (p. 127) Randwick S: an dish Ilarescombe (p. 127) Hempstead (p 127) Matson (p. 127) =^ to Bisley (p. 118) to Chelienhara 15 m. (p. 143) to GluncosterlO m. (p.l28) to Paiuswick 4 ra. (p. 119) Painswick (p. 119) Gloucester Station,— Cp- 128) 113 m. to Ledbury 17 m. (p. 133) INNS— George, Feathers, to Neweut 26 m. (p. 134) °^* TT ^"^ to Ross 19 m. (p. 135) -King's Head, INNS- Swan to Hereford 31 m. (p. 137) INNS -City Arms, Black Swan, Green Dragon, Mitre, Greyhound to Mitcheldean 11 m. (p. 140) INN — George to Colefyrd 20 m. (p. 140) to Stroud 8 m. (p. 117) INN— George to Gloucester (p. 128) I]S->;S— Bell, Booth Hall, King's Head, Ram to Painswick 5 ni. to Great Whitcorab 5 m. 2b 278 INN — Augel to Newnham 16 m. (p.l41) INN— Hear toLjdiiey Sim. Badgvvorth (p. 142) Leckliarnpton (p. 142) Cheltenham Station,— (p. 143) 119 m. to Cheltpnhnm (p. 143) to Stroud 14 m. (p. 117) INNS — George, rion^h, INN — Geor^jo FU't'ce, Royal Hotel, to Cireucoster 16 m. (p. Slii-ldon'8, Old Swan, 113) Lamb, King's Head, to Norlhlt^ach I4m.(p.ll5) Crown INNS— Kin^''9 Head, to Tewkesbury 10 m. (p. _^ BL -r-s^^, Slici borne Arms 147) "-' ^^m^tl^ ^^ 8tow-on.the-\Vold ISm. INNS— Anchor, Cross (p- 107) Keys, Hop Pole, Swan INN — Unicorn to Peisliore 20 m. (p. 149) to Winch comb 6 m Cp.l45) INN — Antjel to F.vesham 13 m. (p. 146) io Upton 16 m. (p. 150^ INN— Crown INN — Unicorn lo Ledbury 22 m. (p. 133) INNS— George, Feathers, New Ina ITINERARY BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY. Bristol Station. TEMPLE MEADS DEPOT VIADUCT. Briilije over the Harbour. EMBANKMENT. COMMENCEMENT OF EXETER RAILWAY. Yanley Lonjf Asliton Duudry Brook CUTTING. Bedminster Brockley TUNNEL 300 feet long Nuilaea Corvl Field Keuu BRANCH TO NAILSEA. Tatton Station,-(p. 238) 128i m. from London. to Congresburv 2 m. to Wrington 5 ra. (p. 233) Congresbury Puxton Mendip Hills Bamvell e^ to Kcnn and Clevcdou 4J m. (p. 235) to Kiu-'ston Sevmour 3m. Rinr Yeo Kingston Seymour Warlo (p. 238) BRANCH TO WESTON. 280 ■Weston Station,-(p. 238) 134 m. to RanwoU 3i m. (p;234) Jy to Wick St. Lawrcnco 3 m to Axbridge 7 m. (p. 233) "^^ "T ^ to Westou-on-Sea 4 m. to Cheddar 9i m. (p. 234) (p. 235) Locking Wick St. Lawrence Hutton Uphill BRANCH TO UPHILL. Uphill Station,- (p. 239) 136 m. to Banwell 4 m. (p. 234) -^. _H ,,^_^ to Wcston-on-the-?ca 4 m to Axbridge 8 m. (p. ti33) "^^ f ^"^ (l). 235) to Clieddar lOi m. (p. 234) to Uphill 2 m. (p, 238) Bleadon (p. 239) River Axe Bream Lympsliam IJerrow East Krent Buruham (p. 239) South Brent (p. 239) Brent Knoll BRANCH TO BURNHAM. 33urnbam Station,— (p 239) 142im. to Axbridge 9 m. (p. 233) „^8i mSh i^^ to Burnhara 2 m. (p. 239) Turiton River Brue Huntshill Bawdrip Pawlet Bridgrewater Station,— (p. 2J0) .149 m. to Bridgewater (p. 195) to Nether Stowey 9 m. ' INNS— Royal Clarence, -^^ -M- ^^^j-^ to Enmore 4 m. George "^^ T" ^'^^ to North Pethcrion 3 m. to Glastonbury '15 ra. (p. 193) INNS— White Hart, George to Langjiort 13 m. (p. 189) INN — Swan River Parrct Enmore Castle North Pother North Newton St. Michael 281 River Tone CUTTING. Darston North Curry West Monktoa Creecli St. Michael IlesttTcombe Rushtou Cheddoa Fitzpaine Taunton Statlon,~(p. 210) IGUm. to Taunton (p. 198) to Watchet 15 m. (p. 19?) INNS— Castie Street Ho- tu Williton 14 m. tt'l, White Hart, Lou- to Stogumber 11 m. (loii, George to Dunster 18 n». (p. I'l?) to Lansport l4 ra. (p. 189) ^.^ 1. ^^.^ to Minehead 21 ui. (p.l97) INN— Swan -^^ T ^^ INN— Feathers to Ilminster 12 m. (p. 190) to Forlock 29 m. (p. 197) INNS— Geort^e, Swau to Milverton 8 m. (u. 200) to Ciiard 1? m. to Wivehscombe 12 m. (p. INNS— Angel, Red Lion. 200) George to Axminster 26 m. INN — George Bishop's Hull Staplegrove Bradlbrd Norton Fitzwarren Hill Farruuce Miuehead IVelUngton Station,— (p. 241). 167 m. to Wellington (p. 200) ' ^^ ^T to Milvorton 5 m.(p.200) INN— Squirrel **-^ HT to Wiveliscombo 12 lu. (p. 200) 171 m. Eater Devonshire. TUNNEL. Five-eighths of a mile long. SUMMIT OF THE LINE. Desceuu Burlescombe OlTculme. CUTTING. BRANCH TO TIVERTON. Tiverton Station,— (p. 241). 173* ra. _«fl ^L *-?• to Tiverton "*=• TP '^"^ TivEaTON is famous for its lace maiuifaclures, and has a beautiful church, 2 B 3 282 Warridfje. Wcllaud. the ruins of a celebrated casUc, aud a haiulsoiuo grammar school. It is a borough with two mem- bers, and a pouuhition of 9.706. INNS— Angel, Three Tuns. to Hampton 8 m, Uampton has a chalybeate spring. to South Molton 25 m. Here is a liandsoine guild- hall, church, aud mar- ket-place. INN— George. to Linton 36 m. Linton and LiNMOUTHare bathing places in the de- lightful scenery of the river Lyn. INN— Lion. to Barnstaple 40 m. Barnstaple has a fine church, infirmary, thea- tre, guildhall, inarket, bridge of 16 arches, and quay. It is a borough returning two members, and having a population of6,840. INNS— Fortescue Arms, Golden Lion, Exeter, Union Hotel, to IlfracombeSl m. This is a packet station to Swansea, Bristol, and Milford Haven. It is a bathing place, and is much engaged in the transport of mining pro- duce. INNS— Clarence Hotel, Britannia, to Torrington 42 ra. to Bideford 49 m. INNS— New Inu, Bush Hotel. . 283 Collumpton Station,— (p. 242). 179 m. to Iloniton 13 m. 1o Collumpton (p. 241) lIoNiTON is a borough re- 8^ ^^ to Tiverton 7 m. turning two members, '^^^ ^p ^^ INNS— An^el, Three and liaving a ];opulatioa Tuns, of 3,509. There is a to liradninch 3 m. (p.242) church, three chapels, free school, and Hos- pital. INNS— Dolphin, Golden Lion. to Axminster23 m. Here is a church in the Saxon style, and a Ca- tholic cliurch. INN- George. to Lyme Regis 27 ra. INNS— Three Cups, Gol- den Lion. to Col y ton 30 m. INNS— Delapole Arms, ^Vllite Kart. to Sidniouth 22 m. INNS— York Hotel, Lon- don. INCLINED PLANE 1 in 459, Heyford. Bradninch. Silverton Statlon,-(p. 242). 186 m. -^ JL, .r^ to Bradninch 3 m. (p. 242) -^ "^ '^^ to Silverton 2 m. Sxeter Station,-(p. 243). 192 ra. to Exeter (p. 24.3) _. fl. __ to Crediton 7i ra. INNS— New London, Old -^* "P ^^^ INNS-Ship,\VhiteHart, London, Clarence, Star, Angel. Globe, Half Moon, to Chumleigh 21* m. White Hart. to Barnstaple 37^ m. to Axminster 26 m. INNS — Fortescue Arms, INN— George, Golden Lion, Exeter, to Colyton 25 m. L^nion. INNS— Delapole Arms, to liideford 39* m. White Hart. INNS— New Inn, Bush. to Lyme Regis 30 ni. to Torrington 424 ™' 284 IXNS-Threc Cu:-: deu Liou. to Axmouth25 m. to Sidniouth 15 m. IiNNS— York Hotel don. to Budleigh 12 m. to Topsham 3} m. to Exmouth lOJ m. INNS — Globe, London Gol- Lon- to HathcrlciKh 28 m. to Oakh;irapt.jn 22i m. INN— While Hart, to Launceston 41^ m. INNS— Kinij's Arms, Wliite Hart, to Morton Hampstoad 11 m. Here are the ruins of a Druidical temple, and oi' two castles, and a logan or rocking stone. INN— White Hart. to Tavistock 32 m. INNS — Bedford, London. to Beer Alston 38 m. to Chudleigh 10 m. Here are the remains of a palace of the bishops of Exeter, and a curious cavern called tlie Ciiud- leigh Kock. INN— Kin^j's Arms. to Ashburtou I'J m. INNS— Loudon, Golden Lion. to Plymouth 43 m. INNS-Globe,King'a Arms Hotel, Loudon, Prince George, Roval Hotel, "Weakley's Hotel. to Newton .\bbot Urn. INNS— Globe, Bell. to Totncs 23 ra. INNS— Seven Stars, Sey- raour Hotel. to Brixton 24 m. to Dartmouth 35i m. INN— Castle. to Torquay 23i m. INN— The Hotel. to Teignmoulh loj m. This is a favourite water- ing place, willi a popu- lation of 4,6S8, two an- cient churches, a thea- tre, assembly rooms, and promenade. INNS— Globe. The Hotel, to Dawlish 13 m. INNS— London, New Inn, London : Printed by Wm. Clowes and Sons, Stamford-street, A SELECTION FROM THE CATALOGUE OF JAMES WYLD, OEOORAPHER TO THE QUEEX, CHARING CROSS EAST, LONDON, FOUR DOORS FROM TRAFALGAR SQUARE. A. General Atlas, Containing 58 Maps of the various parts of tlie World, includiug all the recent Discoveries, columbier folio, full coloured, and half- bound russia, IQl. 10s. This is the largest and best Atlas published. A General Atlas, Selected from the preceding, containing 30 Maps, full coloured, and half-bound calf, 6/. Gs. An Atlas of tbe 'World, Comprehending separate Maps of its various Countries, constructed anil drawn from the latest Astronomical and Geographical Obser- vations, imperial 4to., coloured, and half-bound, 21, 12s. 6d, This Atlas does not consist of copies of existing works, differing only in appearance; but is the result of careful investigation and minute research; the whole being compiled from the most authentic and valuable materials, and every elTort made to insure accuracy and perspicuity. The maps are illustrated by copious Tables of the Ex- tent, Population, /v:c.,of the several countries; comprising a Summary of Geographical and Statistical Information, in a more condensed form than has hitherto been effected. WYLD'S SCHOOL ATLAS, with a copious Index, 12s. ATLAS CLASSICA, 12.c. A iwrap of tlie "World, Illustrating the Operations of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and showing the Position of the Dialects and Languages of tlie Countries into which the Bible has been translated, with numerous Statistical Tables. Two large sheets, 10s. 6d.; in a case, 1/. Is.; on a roller, varnished, 1/. 14s. A XVEissionary Atlas of the "World, Showing the Stations of the Protestant Missionary Societies. The Maps are coloured into the prevailing Religion of each Quarter of the Globe, with an Index of Latitudes and Longitudes, in hand- some cloth binding, 1-ls. " This work is published under the sanction of the Protestant Missionary Society." 2 JAMES WYLD, CHARING CROSS EAST. "World on r>Tercator's Projection. Very beautifully engraved, and neatly coloured. This Map has been comj)iled with fjreat cave, and it contains every discovery to this time. On a large sheet, 10s. 6rf.; in a case, 16s. ; handsomely mounted on rollers, varnished, 1/, Is, Europe. EUROPE, six sheets, divided into its Empires, Kingdoms, and States, describing the Great Roads and Physical Features, in sheets, II. 12s. Size, 5 feet 3 inches by 5 feet 6 inches. On rollers, and handsomely coloured, 2/. 12. 6d. EUROPE, describing its Political Divisions and Great Roads. One sheet, 5s. ; on roller, 10*. EUROPE, the CENTRAL STATES of, including parts of France, Russia, Italy, &c., describing the Post Roads. Four sheets. 5 feet wide, by 4 feet 5 inches high, II.; in case, 1/. 10s. FRANCE, showing the Post Roads and Departmental Divisions. Four sheets, 4 feet 2 inches, by 4 feet 2 inches, 16s. ; in case, 1^ 6s. FRANCE, divided into Departments. One sheet, 5s.; in case, 8s. 6d. GERMANIC CONFEDERATED STATES, including the Kingclom of Prussia, 7^- 6rf. ; in case, 12s. GREECE, and the IONIAN ISLANDS, a new Map, constructed chiefly from original materials, in which it has been attempted to improve the Aucient and Modern Geography of that Country, showiug the New Boundary of. One large sheet, 12s.; in case, 16s. In addition to much original information, the author has availed himself of the very valuable Surveys and Astronomical Observations of Captain W. Smyth, R.N., the Trigonometrical Surveys of Chabert, Beaucliamp, and Gauttier, and the Itineraries and Travels of Gell, Col. Leake, Pouqueville, Dodwell, &c. ITALY, including the Southern part of Germany and the Kingdom of Ulyria, distinguishing the Post Roads and" Stations, with the Number of Posts between each Station; and Explanatory Notes relative to Distances, Passes, &c., &c. Four sheets, 4 feet 1 inch wide, by 4 feet 6 inches high, 1/. ; in case, 11. 10s. ITALY, reduced from the larger Map. One sheet, 7s. 6rf. ; in case, 12s. KETHERLANDS and BELGIUM, with all th.e Railroads. In case, 12s. MEDITERRANEAN. One large sheet, 5s. KIIINE, (new Map, showing the Course of the,) from its Source to the Lake ("onslance, with the surrounding Country. Two sheets. In a case, 8s. RUSSIAN DOMINIONS in EUROPE, the Post Roads and new Governments, from the Riissiao Atlas, 16s. ; in case, 1/. 6s, Gd, JAMES WYLD, CHARING CROSS EAST. 3 SPAIN and PORTUGAL, Military Map of, describing the Post Roads, Stations, Distances, Chiins of Mountains, and Military Passes. Four slieets. 6 feet 6 inches, by 4 feet 4 inches, 2/.; ia case, 3/. 6s. This Map forms an excellent accompaniment to the various His- tories of the Peninsular War, as it particularly describes the places and dates of the ' ..A>JcisDT elast date s«^".«-^ 4CfC'f^ ^■' ^lOSANCElfx^ ^.OF-CAIIFO% ^-OF- %il3AINnmV^ '^ ^ "^/sa^AiNniwv* ^OFCALIFOfi*^ ^>^0FCAIIF0 •>&ABvaan-# ^OAyvaaii n s 2 3 1158 00970 0369 m]''0 Hmmo/: Homy^^"^ t!3 I ^V/^, ^ 5 ^OJIIVD-JO S OOOOioogQ ^F-CAIIFOff^ Myvaan-# o >: I o-Q^ T» o ^EUNIVERS'/^ ^lOS-ANCElfj> ^lllBRARYOc, < ^EUNIVERi"/^ .vVOSANCElfj> '^/Sil3AINn3WV^ 4-OF.CAllF0M<>^ ^ ^ i