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Eugenics Record Office 
 
 BULLETIN No. 7 
 
 THE FAMILY-HISTORY BOOK 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 CHARLES B. DAVENPORT 
 
 FROM RECORDS AND SCHEDULES FURNISHED BT 
 
 GEO. S. AMSDEN, M. D. 
 WILLIAM F. BLADES 
 FLORENCE H. DANIELSON 
 MARY O. DRANGA 
 W. E. DAVENPORT 
 A. H. ESTABROOK 
 H. H. GODDARD 
 WINIFRED HATHAWAY 
 
 W. M. HEALY, M. D. 
 AUGUST HOGH, M. D. 
 E. R. JOHNSTONE 
 H. H. LAUGHLIN 
 RUTH S. MOXCEY 
 E. B. MUNCEY, M. D. 
 HELEN T. REEVES 
 DAVID F. WEEKS, M. D. 
 
 With sixteen figures in text and 
 six plates 
 
 Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. 
 September, 1912 
 
Eugenics Record Office 
 
 BULLETIN No. 7 
 
 THE FAMILY-HISTORY BOOK 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 CHARLES B. .DAVENPORT 
 
 FROM RECORDS AND SCHEDULES FURNISHED BY 
 
 
 GEO. S. AMSDEN, M. D. 
 WILLIAM F. BLADES 
 FLORENCE H. DANIELSON 
 MARY O. DRANGA 
 W. E. DAVENPORT 
 A. H. ESTABROOK 
 H. H. GODDARD 
 WINIFRED HATHAWAY 
 
 W. M. HEALY, M. D. 
 AUGUST HOGH, M. D. 
 E. R. JOHNSTONE 
 H. H. LAUGHLIN 
 RUTH S. MOXCEY 
 E. B. MUNCEY, M. D. 
 HELEN T. REEVES 
 DAVID F. WEEKS, M. D. 
 
 With sixteen figures in text and 
 six plates 
 
 Cold Spring Harbor, X. Y 
 September, 1912 
 
/yQ7V7 
 
 Z^ 3 
 
p&<^ 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Introduction 6 
 
 I. The Record of Family Traits 7 
 
 Sample Record 7 
 
 II. Genealogical Records 13 
 
 a. The Genealogy of the X Family 14 
 
 b. The History of the Beecher-Foote Family 28 
 
 III. Data Furnished by Biographies 36 
 
 Example i 37 
 
 Example 2 38 
 
 IV. The Record of Special Traits 40 
 
 V. Records of Recent Immigrants, by Rev. W. E. Davenport 46 
 
 Vl. Records of Negro- White Crosses, by Florence H. Danielson 51 
 
 \'II. Records of the Feeble-minded and Paupers 53 
 
 Family History of Emma H., by Helen T. Reeves 53 
 
 The Nam Family — Dr. A. H. Estabrook 58 
 
 VIII. Records of Epilepsy 62 
 
 Study of an Epileptic Family 63 
 
 IX. Records of the Insane 64 
 
 a. Guide to Analysis of Personality — Drs. George S. Amsden and 
 
 August Hoch 64 
 
 b. Record of the C Family, with much Insanity, by R. S. Moxcey. . . 67 
 
 c. Huntington's Chorea, by Dr. Elizabeth B. Muncey 73 
 
 X. Records of the Criminalistic, Data furnished by Dr. W. M. Healy 
 
 and Mrs. Mary O. Dranga 74 
 
 XI. Records of Sex Offense 76 
 
 Family History of an Inmate of a Girls' Home, by Mrs. Winifred 
 Hathaway 77 
 
 XII. The Study of Human Heredity, by Davenport, Goddard, Johnstone, 
 
 Laughlin and Weeks 85 
 
 1 . The Field Worker 85 
 
 2. The Chart 87 
 
 3. The Description 90 
 
 4. Methods of Analysis 92 
 
 Appendix i — Forms for written Description of the Chart 95 
 
 Plates I-V 96 
 
 Synopsis of Abbreviations Adopted loi 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2008 with funding from 
 
 Microsoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/familyhistorybooOOdaverich 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 One of the commonest requests made of the Eugenics Record 
 Office by those who are anxious to cooperate in gathering data is for 
 ''blank schedules." Some such schedules we have, indeed, provided ; 
 but it is impracticable to devise schedules that will meet all require- 
 ments. The trained field workers of the Eugenics Record Office are 
 not encouraged to use definite schedules, but to secure data adapted 
 to giving information on the specific points they are studying. They 
 are provided with paper ruled to facilitate the making of charts and 
 writing descriptions in duplicate. The purpose of the present com- 
 pilation is to show how the various sorts of family histories are pre- 
 pared. The histories printed here have often been much abbreviated 
 from the original, in order to keep the whole work within desirable 
 limits, but enough is given to illustrate the method of recording 
 Family Histories of the different classes. The figures were prepared 
 by i\Ir. William F. Blades. 
 
 The records are here printed without names, excepting those that 
 are taken from published books. This is in accordance with the agree- 
 ment made with those who furnish records ; namely, that data is held 
 as confidential. ''Confidential" means that no names will be published 
 nor the data permitted to be used so as to furnish food for one of 
 the most unfortunate "depraved" appetites that a human being can be 
 cursed with — a love of gossip and scandal-mongering. Data are used 
 for study and analysis and for publication of the results so as to be of 
 scientific and social use. Data may be furnished to students for 
 scientific inquiry, to those contemplating marriage, and even, in some 
 cases, to state officials, to whom organized society has a right to look 
 for the care of its broadest interests. It is hoped that it will in time 
 come to be generally regarded as a social duty to record and deposit 
 in tlie vault of the Eugenics Record Office data concerning the heredi- 
 tarv traits of one's familv. 
 
I. THE RECORD OF FAMILY TRAITS. 
 
 • 
 Xote: The Eugenics Record Office (in combination with the 
 
 Carnegie Institute of Washington's Depar.tment of Experimental Evo- 
 
 hition) has issued printed schedules with- the f^bove tide, of which 
 
 over 10,000 have been distributed. The . person, who receives the 
 
 schedule assigns himself to a place in the pttdigree-^as . f athei ,- mother, 
 
 child, etc. — and places his relatives to corresponding places in the 
 
 schedule. The commonest error made in filling out the schedule is a 
 
 curiously egocentric one: under "Father" is given the writer's father; 
 
 under "Child Xo. 1" the writer's first child; and the writer and his 
 
 or her consort nowhere appear. The safest method is to describe 
 
 oneself first. The value of the Record of Family Traits is, for the 
 
 Record Office, that it demonstrates the existence of, and locates, the 
 
 numerous strains with dissimilar traits. Here is a tubercular family, 
 
 here a family resistant to lung diseases. There is a familv of farmers, 
 
 here of seamen, and so on. 
 
 The Eugenics Record Office will send a copy of the blank schedule 
 to any person who will undertake to fill it out and return it. The 
 Office will gladly send a second copy to any collaborator in order that 
 a copy may be kept in the family. It is very desirable that a record 
 of traits should be made as soon as possible; for as the older people 
 die they carry with them many facts of family history that, unless 
 recorded, become lost forever. 
 
 The sample Record given is one of a school teacher: pride and 
 sensitiveness derived from the mother's side ; with energy, dictatorial- 
 ness and some artistic talent from the father's side. 
 
 SAMPLE RECORD. 
 
 father's father. 
 
 J. E. Born Oct. 6, 1805, near Nashville, Tenn. ; resided always 
 on the farm where he was born ; occupation : school teacher, farmer. 
 In middle age, liable to hemorrhoids; died at 76 of Bright's disease; 
 a good farmer ; honest to a dot ; did not slight his work ; capable and 
 respected ; fond of books and a joke ; delicate looking, though quite 
 healthy. 
 
 father's mother. 
 
 M. C. Born Feb. 1, 1811, near Xashville, Tenn.; resided in 
 Williamson Co., Tenn. (county of her birth) ; occupation: a farmer's 
 
8 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 daughter and a farmer's wife. She was never sick a day until she 
 broke her leg at the age of 70. ''Her husband never had a doctor's 
 bill for her,'' was the phrase. C>ied at 88 years, of senile decay. 
 Industrious, spun, wove, knit well and much, especially after being 
 crippled; very dictatp'rjal, .great scold, severe, pious. 
 
 mother's father. 
 
 G. ^1. D. Born , near Newark, Ohio; resided in Licking Co., 
 
 Ohio, — La Salle Co., 111., — Sumner Co., Kan. Occupation : farmer. 
 Died at age of 79 of creeping paralysis after la grippe. Never under- 
 went any operations, but had a severe attack of typhoid fever in youth. 
 Proud, anxious to be very wealthy, aristocratic ; poor judgment in 
 investments ; a great tease ; very partisan. 
 
 mother's mother. 
 
 K. G. Born , near Newark, Ohio; resided in Licking Co., 
 
 Ohio, — La Salle Co., 111., — Sumner Co., Kan. Occupation: farmer's 
 daughter and farmer's wife. Died at the age of 77 of pneumonia. 
 Had erysipelas and her first attack of pneumonia in middle age, but 
 never underwent any operations. Proud, sensitive, good memory, fond 
 of reading, partisan, good cook, affectionate, good nurse. 
 
 father (for father's fraternity see below). 
 
 J. A. E. B. Oct. IL 1835, near Nashville, Tennessee. Resided 
 near Nashville and in various towns in Colorado and Illinois ; occupa- 
 tion : farm boy, ]\Iethodist minister at 53 years. Died at age of 73 
 of chronic cystitis and prostatitis. Suffered in youth with catarrh of 
 stomach and an attack of typhoid fever. Good speaker and student, 
 good interpretative voice ; sensitive, sympathetic, quick-tempered, 
 heavy, well-shaped, vigorously religious, nervous, disliked manual 
 labor. 
 
 mother (for mother's fraternity see below). 
 
 :\I. E. D. B. Feb. 4, 1846, near Ottawa, 111. Resided near 
 Ottawa, in various Tenn., 111., and Colo, towns. Occupation : farmer's 
 daughter, school teacher, minister's wife. Suffered from prolapsus 
 uteri, overcome when child-bearing ceased. Underwent no operations, 
 but in youth suffered with constipation and ills resulting therefrom ; 
 not robust, but not often sick. Good student, teacher, nurse and 
 seamstress ; sensitive, proud, fond of music, worries a good deal, 
 nervous. 
 
The Familv-IIistokv Book. 
 
 CHILD NO. 1 
 
 M. K. E. B. ^rarch 19, 1879, in Central City, Colorado. Resided 
 in towns in Colo.. 111., Tenn., where father preached longest. Occu- 
 pation : School teacher, farmer's wife. Has undergone no operations, 
 but in youth sufifered with sick headache, catarrhal colds, and has 
 had a severe attack of typhoid fever. Fond of books, music, flowers, 
 and farm-work. Likes study ; good memory, sensitive, sometimes 
 sulky, lacks self-confidence; called Puritanical. 
 
 CHILD NO. 2. 
 
 C. B. E. B. Jan. 25, 1881, in Pueblo, Colorado. Has resided in 
 various towns in 111., Nashville, Tenn., and the longest in De Kalb, 
 111. Occupation: School teacher, now critic teacher in the State 
 Normal School. In youth sufifered with headaches, hemorrhoids, 
 hoarse colds, nervousness ; has had a nervous breakdown, and was 
 operated on for hemorrhoids and for growth in the rectum. Good at 
 all study, especially arithmetic and history ; successful teacher, good in 
 music, and wath needle. Lacks poise; has good taste and is admired 
 for personality; worries, very nervous, dictatorial. 
 
 CHILD NO. 3. 
 
 E. C. E. B. in De Lehn, Kankakee Co., 111. Has resided in 
 
 various towns in 111., in Nashville, Tenn., Loveland, Colo. Occupation : 
 School teacher and farmer's wife. Sufifered with tonsilitis, nightmare, 
 female trouble, constipation, pneumonia, congestion of lungs, measles, 
 very <ick in childbirth, nervous breakdown ; no operations. Fond of 
 music, good housekeeper, good primary teacher, very sensitive, ner- 
 vous, dictatorial, sympathetic, afifectionate, not strong. 
 
 CHILD NO. 4. 
 
 G. L. E. B. Sept. 28, 1885, in Nashville, Tenn. Resided in towns 
 in III., Tenn., and Colo. Too frail for any occupation. Sufifered with 
 sick headaches, catarrh, styes, slipping of knee cap, deafness, nervous 
 breakdown ; had grave attack of typhoid fever. Fond of books and 
 music ; great tact in care of children, sensitive, nervous, good-tempered, 
 devout, afifectionate, sympathetic. 
 
 mother's fraternity. 
 
 S. L. D.. mother's brother, b. 1840; lives in Walkerville, Montana. 
 Short, medium-brown hair and gray eyes, imperfections of sight only 
 
10 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin \o. 7. 
 
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12 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 due to age ; fond of books, affectionate, industrious but slow, proud. 
 
 L. D. G., mother's sister, b. 1842 and d. 1906 of cancer. Height 
 above medium, dark-brown hair and eyes ; proud, sensitive, good 
 cook, fine looking, fond of reading. 
 
 E. B. D., mother's sister, b. 1844 and d. 1910 of cancer. Of 
 medium height, dark-brown hair and eyes ; proud, sensitive, moody, 
 good cook, fine looking, fond of reading. 
 
 E. B. D., mother's sister, b. in Walkerville, Montana. Of medium 
 height, yellow-brown hair and light-blue eyes, overtired by work ; 
 proud, sensitive, good housekeeper, slow, visionary, fond of reading. 
 
 C. D. M., mother's sister, b. 1863 in Walkerville, ^lontana. 
 Height above medium, dark-brown hair, dark-brown eyes, wears 
 glasses ; proud, sensitive, fond of books and study, teacher, draws and 
 paints, musical. 
 
 L. D., mother's brother, b. 1848 and d. 1902 of pneumonia. Above 
 medium height, dark-brown hair and eyes, wore glasses from age ; 
 proud, sensitive, fond of books and study, lacked judgment, fine 
 looking. 
 
 F. X. D., mother's brother, b. 1854 in Walkerville, Montana. 
 Short with dark-brown hair and eyes, wears glasses from age. Proud, 
 sensitive, accumulative, fond of reading and likes horses. 
 
 C. D., mother's brother, b. 1856 and d. 1897 of pneumonia. Very 
 tall, yellow-brown hair and light-blue eyes ; proud, sensitive, fond of 
 reading, silver miner, as were all the other brothers. 
 
 E. L. D., mother's brother, b. 1865 in Central City, Colo. Very 
 tall, yellow-brown hair and light-blue eyes ; proud, sensitive, fond of 
 reading, good manager of men, affectionate. 
 
 father's fraternity. 
 
 H. C. E., father's brother, b. 1829 and d. 1907 of enlargement of 
 liver. Tall, dark-brown hair and light-blue eyes ; tyrannical, not over 
 honest in family money affairs, religious, affectionate to his own. 
 
 D. C. E., father's brother, b. 1831 and d. 1911 of bladder trouble. 
 Of medium height, dark-brown hair and light-blue eyes ; honest, kind, 
 easy-going, industrious, severe if aroused. 
 
 J. A. E. P., father's sister, b. 1846 in Nashville, Tenn. Tall, black 
 hair and dark-blue eyes, wears glasses all the time, but only on account 
 of age. Industrious, pious, fine nurse, complains a great deal, good 
 cook, good seamstress. 
 
The Family- Hi story Book. 13 
 
 M. E. S., father's sister, b. 1852 in Nashville, Tenn. Of medium 
 heii^ht, light-brown hair and eyes, wears glasses from age ; industrious 
 skillful needlewoman, sharp wit, pious, capable. 
 
 ■\L C. E., father's sister, b. 1854 and d. 1899 of tuberculosis. 
 Of medium height, dark-brown hair and blue, short-sighted eyes; 
 cross, industrious, sick a great deal, good singer, pious. 
 
 E. E. A., father's sister, b. , and d. 1904 of tuberculosis. Of 
 
 medium height, dark-brown hair and light-brown eyes; had a "cat 
 eye." Industrious, fond of music, pious and capable. 
 
 ]\I. E. R., father's sister, b. , d. 1885 of tuberculosis. Tall, 
 
 with dark brown hair ; industrious, slow, good singer, pious and lovable. 
 
 ^I. E., father's sister, b. 1852 and died before she was twenty of 
 tuberculosis. Above medium height, light-brown hair, industrious, 
 slow, subject to styes. 
 
 B. E., father's sister, b. , and d. , of tuberculosis. 
 
 II. GENEALOGICAL RECORDS. 
 
 The purpose of many genealogical records seems to be purely 
 legal ; to establish relationships. But many genealogists have a higher 
 aim — to make a record of the life histories of the members of a 
 family. A genealogy conceived in the latter fashion can be of great 
 use in the study of human blood lines, provided the whole truth be 
 told ; provided the less as well as the more socially desirable traits be 
 recorded; and that physical traits (including causes of death) be given. 
 The old idea that traits are private and personal things must be done 
 away with, and everyone should feel willing to let it be generally 
 known what combination of traits fell to his lot. In that combination 
 there is ground neither for vanity nor regret. 
 
 One great defect mars nearly all genealogies : the defect of following 
 the male line only — the trail of the nauie. However useful our system 
 of following the patronymic alone may be in law and social intercourse, 
 it should not be employed in the genealogy that makes any pretense of 
 providing material for the study of hereditary traits in the past, or of 
 predicting the traits of children. The mother's blood contributes quite 
 as much to the child as the father's ; in fact, some traits are inherited 
 by sons only from the mother's side of the house. To be sure, this 
 method of collecting genealogical data would greatly complicate the 
 record. It would be necessary to start with a fraternity, describe the 
 
14 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 traits of each member of it, pass to the description of the traits of 
 each of the father's and the mother's fraternities with an account of 
 their consorts and offspring. Next take up the fraternities of the four 
 grandparents, their consorts and their children, children's consorts, 
 and children's children. Certain lines might be carried out further 
 to show the source of particular traits or to tie together parts of the 
 network. 
 
 We give two sample histories. The first was sent us by a literary 
 man who shows an extraordinary capacity for analyzing his family 
 traits. 
 
 DrO 
 
 OrO 
 
 D=K) 
 
 D=rO 
 
 tW)<50^^^ ^ 
 
 ^??S ^^^^ 
 
 <5^ . 
 
 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 | 10 16 17 18 19 \_) 20 \j 21 22 23 24 26 
 
 65^ ^^^^6^^^^ 
 
 22 23 24 26 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 a. THE GENEALOGY OF THE X. FAMILY. 
 
 cf , male ; 9, female. 
 
 L 2 S . Dissipated, died of some venereal disease early last 
 century. 
 
 L S $ . Tall, black hair, black beard ; went to South America 
 late in 18th century; lived there many years; returned to England 
 with a fortune ; settled down as a bachelor. Few years later, a native 
 (Indian or Negro) woman, and a group of half-breed children arrived 
 and claimed him as husband and father. He recognized the claim and 
 supported them. 
 
 II. 4 $ . Slender, light-brown hair, blue eyes, deeply religious, 
 patient, strict old-fashioned Quaker, suffered many years with scrofula 
 in the form of a running sore on the leg; born about 1820; died 
 about 1880. Married: 
 
The Famii.y-History Book. 15 
 
 II. oS. Tall, brown hair and eyes, large Roman nose, deeply 
 religious old-fashioned Quaker, humorous ; poor business man ; born 
 about 1810; died about 1885. 
 
 III. 1 & 2 $ . Old maids, strict Quakers, tall, dark, slender, 
 passion for flowers and gardening; painted beautifully, intellectual, 
 retiring. 
 
 111. 45. Tall, dark, handsome. Roman nose, fair complexion; 
 manufacturer of patent leather, bankrupt, passion for sport, especially 
 shooting and fishing, painted well. His son and twin daughters 
 (IV, 1, 2, 3) inherit almost all his characteristics. 
 
 III. oS. Very tall, about 6' 3", inclined to stoop; had light- 
 brown hair but now very bald, blue eyes, large Roman nose ; clever 
 chemist and mechanic ; unusually simple in knowledge of the world ; 
 nominally a Quaker but fond of getting aw^ay from home and having 
 a good time. At age of nearly 70 made ardent love to his nephew's 
 wife; at same time devoted to his wife and family; weak character, 
 easily led ; home dominated by wife, who was a woman of a great 
 Quaker family of manufacturers. 
 
 III. 7 $ . Very tall, about 6' 7'', built in perfect proportion, 
 brown hair, hazel eyes, carried himself well, dressed very well, physi- 
 cian with large practice, specialist in oculism ; wife very nervous little 
 (lark woman, died early, leaving one daughter of whom I know 
 nothing (IV, 6). 
 
 111. 9 . Tall, slender, graceful, brown hair, hazel eyes; sweet, 
 loving disposition, lost her mind after her husband was fired upon by 
 Land Leaguers in Ireland ; was confined in private asylum for a while ; 
 more recently at home, mildly insane. Her husband (III, 10) a short, 
 red-haired, blue-eyed irascible Irishman, full of fun, eminent physician, 
 stern father intolerant to vices of his son (IV, 9). The latter, a 
 medical student in Dublin, formed the opium habit ; father cast him 
 out ; mother visited him in secret in her lucid intervals, and supplied 
 him with money and food. He committed suicide. IV, 8, the latter's 
 brother, a replica of his father in appearance, built up fine practice 
 as surgeon. 
 
 III. 119. Born about 1845 ; tall, brown hair, hazel eyes, straight 
 nose, sweet temper, loving wife and mother, but just in her reproofs 
 and punishments. Died 1875 of diphtheria when about 30 and enceinte. 
 Painted beautifully, especially flowers. Spent much time in quiet 
 charity. Strict Quaker. 
 
16 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 11. 6 S . Born about 1801 ; short, light-brown hair, blue eyes, 
 rosy complexion, Roman nose, very active, successful self-made man, 
 business man, magistrate, mayor of large town in North of England, 
 was called ''the Grand Old Man of the North"; stern in justice, almost 
 a crank on neatness of attire, cleanliness of house and person ; at 86 
 recovered from fracture of arm ; absolute master in his home and 
 office ; Quaker, but not of the strictest type, especially in old age which 
 seemed to modify his earlier rigidity. Had a habit of swinging his 
 stick round and round as he walked. Advised his grandchildren never 
 to worry; said he had never worried in his life, but his sons say 
 trifles worried him, while he took serious matters very philosophically. 
 Had a brother who lived to be 101. Married twice: 
 
 II. 5 $ . Famous blonde beauty. Died young. Only description 
 I have of her is from miniature painted about 1820, which shows her 
 to have reddish-gold hair, blue eyes, oval face, delicate pink and white 
 complexion. Her picture was published in a collection of the famous 
 beauties of England about 1820. Daughter of a prosperous North of 
 England merchant. 
 
 II. 7 2. (II, 6's second wife) stout, medium height, dark-brown 
 eyes, almost black hair, precise, refined, aristocratic in bearing. Her 
 brother (II, 8) was a domineering English squire, proud, hot-tempered, 
 fond of good wine but not a drunkard, fond of horses, dogs and the 
 society of sporty gentlemen. His daughter (III, 19) was a slender, 
 brown-eyed, dark-haired, irascible woman with hair upon her face ; 
 impulsive, passionately fond of her children but accustomed to thrash 
 them unmercifully with a cane for trifling offenses. She inherited 
 her father's fondness for horses. 
 
 III. 14 $ . ]\Iedium height, black hair, brown eyes, bald, Roman 
 nose ; poor business man, ambitious, active in politics, a magistrate and 
 mayor of North of England city; fond of horses, inclined to display; 
 lived well up to his income. Died suddenly at about 50 of apoplexy. 
 Of his children : 
 
 IV. 21 2 . (Born 1863) is an unmarried woman medium height, 
 slender, dark hair, brown eyes, suggestion of moustache, refined and 
 affectionate, devotes her life to the reclamation of fallen women. 
 
 IV. 23 $ . (Born 1864) died at about 20 ; was dark blue all over 
 from an imperfect formation of valves of heart. 
 
 IV. 22^. (Born 1865) tall, powerfully built, exceptionally 
 hairy, brown eyes, hair and beard. Very strong; went to sea when 14, 
 became a sea captain. Nearly died of yellow fever when about 26 : had 
 
The 1"\\mii.v-1 Iistouv Book. 17 
 
 severe operation for mastoiditis and l)arely recovered, when between 
 35 and 10. ]\larried the matron of one of the largest hospitals in 
 London, selecting her largely because of her unconventionality. Was 
 very jealous of her. Became morose, moody, despondent; took to 
 drink; died suddenly at sea when about 40. Left no children. Had 
 been promiscuous in his amours before marriage. 
 
 IV. 2\ 9 . (Born 18GG) is unmarried, small, slender, perfectly 
 formed, oval face, large brown eyes, straight narrow Grecian nose, 
 full lower lip, heavy growth of hair upon cheeks, chin and upper lip, 
 long slender hands ; fond of music and dancing, romantic, deeply 
 learned in history, romance and poetry of many nations ; principal of 
 one of the most fashionable girls' schools in England. Rides horses 
 splendidly ; has suffered severely from spinal neuralgia ; afraid of 
 nothing ; has seen a ghost several times ; it is that of a woman who 
 formerly lived as a king's mistress in the mansion she now occu- 
 pies ; she has tried many times to get this ghost into conversation, 
 but in vain. At the moment of her father's death, though 500 miles 
 away and he had not been ill, she heard him call her as if he was at 
 the door of her room. She took the next train for the city in which 
 he was, and arrived to find he had fallen dead at the very moment she 
 had heard him call. Is idolized by the young ladies who attend her 
 school. 
 
 IV. 20 (J . (Born 18G8) medium height, golden curly hair, fair 
 complexion, blue eyes ; bad judgment in business and inclined to sharp 
 practice, so much so that relatives wnll not trust him. Changeable, 
 fickle, ever optimistic, fond of hunting and riding ; no idea of living 
 within his income. ^Tarried and has several young children to whom 
 he is devoted. 
 
 IV. U)^. (Born 18G9) short, sturdy build, brown hair and 
 eyes; very matter-of-fact but utterly unconventional and has a vein 
 of the romantic and mystical. Went to sea as a boy; was a rancher 
 in Australia, a surveyor in South Africa, organized the first fire depart- 
 ment in Johannesburg; fought in a cavalry regiment throughout the 
 Boer war; almost died of dysentery; returned to Johannes])urg after 
 war, and reorganized fire department. Married ignorant farmer's 
 daughter of whom he is very fond ; has several children. Cares nothing 
 for refinements or conventionalities. Wonderful story-teller, great 
 imagination, universally beloved. 
 
 By his second wife, III, 11 had three children. Mother (III, 13) 
 a nervous woman, full of humor, refined"and elegant; grey eyes, brown 
 
18 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 hair, oval face, prominent front teeth. Of their children, IV, 18 is a 
 brilhant public accountant, short, grey eyes, brown hair, bald at 35, 
 cares little for women's society and still unmarried at 40. Keenly 
 analytical mind ; calm judgment ; afraid of nothing. 
 
 II. C)S. By second wife had three children. 111,20^ (born 
 about 1857) short, brown-haired, grey-eyed, wild as young man; eloped 
 with a barmaid ; was clever surgeon and had high reputation as 
 gynecologist. Lost practice through drink. Later did clever work in 
 Egypt exploration under Flinders Petrie ; wrote on anthropology. Had 
 no strength of character; ignored his wife's flirtations. She very 
 beautiful, tall, large bust and hips, too slender waist, free and easy 
 in her manners ; deserted him and became a harlot in South Africa. 
 Their daughter (IV, 25) was married to a rich man but eloped soon 
 afterwards with an artist, whom she left and returned to her husband. 
 
 III. 17 & 18. Are old maids, about 55 and GO in age. Spend 
 their time travelling about Europe. Can never make up their minds 
 to do anything; fickle, changeable, need someone to "boss" them. 
 Elder has had many flirtations, and could have married one of richest 
 men in England, but was infatuated with his younger brother, a tall 
 handsome sporty fellow who cared nothing for her. Both are intel- 
 lectual, romantic, refined — almost to excess. Tall, dark-haired, grey- 
 eyed, fair-skinned, oval faces, straight noses. 
 
 III. 15 9 . See also Fig. 3, Gen. B. (Born about 1835) I know 
 nothing about her personally, as she died at the age of about 35, after 
 bearing six children. Her husband, B 1 one of the most successful 
 manufacturers in England, a tall, active, heavily bearded man, born 
 1826, is still alive. IMan of great wealth, little taste but no pretentions 
 to more than he has and glad to take advice of friends in whose judg- 
 ment he relies. Married three times ; children bv all wives. I know 
 nothing of children by second and third wives. 
 
 □=rO 
 
 111 
 
 16 
 
 ^o "^ 
 
 ^Df^ \d t ^3 ^O^^^^ 
 
 <?0^^ OOOOO 6 5^65i ^0<><^<> 
 
 1 2 3 4 5 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
The Family- Hi story Book. 19 
 
 B 2 $ . Harmlessly insane old bachelor. Has to have a com- 
 panion ; generally goes about freely but never alone. 
 
 B 4 (J . (Born about 1825) highly successful manufacturer; great 
 philanthropist ; medium height, heavy brown beard, hazel eyes, florid 
 complexion ; made a baronet, high principles in business ; built and 
 supports an insane asylum ; contributes to many charities, spends 
 much time in managing them; active in politics. Wife (B 5) a short, 
 active, intelligent brown-eyed woman, who helps him materially in his 
 charitable work. Their son C 11 clever politician, but unprincipled; 
 seduced the servants in his own house and in those of his friends ; 
 wife got a divorce. Has several children, but they are still young. 
 
 C 1 (J . (Born 1855) medium height, grey eyes, slender, light- 
 brown hair, elegant dresser ; artist of fair ability, bachelor. 
 
 C 4 ^ . (Born 1859) medium height, grey eyes, sandy curly hair; 
 dandy in dress ; clever business man, now at head of one of biggest 
 manufacturing businesses in England. Happily married and has 
 several young children. 
 
 C 3 9. (Born 1854) tall, graceful blonde, grey eyes; happily 
 married and has several children. 
 
 C 6 9. (Born 1860) insane from birth; had impediment in 
 speech ; died at about 40 in an asylum. 
 
 C 7 S . (Born 1864) thin, medium height, cold grey eyes; nar- 
 row, thin nose ; quiet but full of sarcastic humor. Careless in dress to 
 the point of eccentricity. Though very rich, goes about in frayed 
 garments. Wife (C 8) had to look after him like a nurse. He was 
 always considered ''queer," but is a fairly successful business man of 
 the shrewd sort. Divorced his wife for adultery on her part. They 
 have one daughter. 
 
 C 9 <J . (Born 1866) about 5' 10'' high; inclined to stoutness; 
 blue eyes, sandy hair ; slight impediment in speech ; seduced working 
 girl when about 20, married her, came to America, with practically 
 nothing; made great success as public accountant, acquiring a very 
 large income unaided by his millionaire father. Pillar of the Episcopal 
 Church; president of young men's club. Wife, C 10, born about 1868 
 about 5' 9" ; stout, rosy cheeks, light-brown hair, grey eyes, full lips. 
 Though uneducated, has adapted herself to her husband's position, 
 and takes leading part in society of a great city. Their children are 
 all under 20. D 2, born 1892, is the image of her mother, quiet, refined, 
 musical. D 3 & 5, born 1894 and 1896, the images of their father. 
 D 6, born 1898, insane from birth; in a private insane asylum. 
 
20 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin Xo. 7. 
 
 III. 12 $ . (Fig. 1) born 1846 ; about 5' o'' tall ; slight but wiry ; 
 red hair, became bald when about 25; hazel eyes inclining to green; 
 active to the point of nervousness. Has had palpitation of the heart. 
 Passion for Alpine climbing and gardening. Fine business man ; his 
 word as good as his bond and worries much over trifles. Good artist ; no 
 ear for music ; eloquent orator ; deep student of literature ; keenly critical 
 taste in art. Has traveled all over the world ; cares nothing for city 
 life ; loves long walks where wide views can be had, but hates walking 
 for any distances through woods. Never idle for an instant, and the 
 sight of anyone else idling irritates him. Hot-tempered, but rigidly 
 just. Affectionate, but inclined to repress all manifestations of affec- 
 tion. Charitable, but does all such work in secret ; inclined to be close 
 at driving a bargain, and loathes anything savoring of extravagance ; 
 generous father and devoted husband. Twice married. Of his children : 
 
 IV. 15 ^ . Born 1865 ; 5' lOy^' high ; slight, hazel eyes inclining 
 to green, fair complexion, brown hair, yellow moustache, reddish 
 beard, hairy ; failed at everything he undertook until he by chance 
 drifted into journalism. At this he made fair but not brilliant success. 
 Myopic. Deeply interested in art, literature, science; brought up a 
 Quaker, but became a Roman Catholic at age of 22. Impressionable, 
 poor business man ; inclined to extravagance. Susceptible to women, 
 but devoted to wife and family. Intolerant of anything suggesting 
 untidiness or slovenliness ; irritated and depressed by trifles, but soon 
 recovers as he is highly, even recklessly, optimistic. In youth was 
 considered the image of his mother (III, 11), but is now, in face, the 
 image of his father (III, 12) though much taller. Easily led; great 
 gourmet but small eater. Conscientious, but inclined to be conceited. 
 (See Fig. 4 for his descendants.) 
 
 IV. 14$. (Born 1866) 5' 9''; the image of her mother. (Ill, 
 11) ; wavy brown hair, hazel eyes, musical, artistic, fond of admiration, 
 mean in financial affairs ; married a man she did not love ; has had 
 many flirtations since — two at least of which almost resulted in separa- 
 tion from her husband. Has no children, owing to some internal 
 obstruction which an operation failed to remove. 
 
 IV. 13^. (Born 1868) 5' 9"; sallow, thin, brown hair, hazel 
 eyes. Martyr to liver. Gourmet, artistic and musical ; deep student 
 of literature; spends all spare money on books. Generous and liberal, 
 sceptical and cynical in matters of religion. Expert tea-taster, but 
 has little interest in business. Bachelor. 
 
The P'amii.v-Histokv Book. 21 
 
 lY. 12 S . (Born 1873) 5' 5"; stockily built; dark-brown hair; 
 hazel c\es, large Roman nose. Unsuccessful in all business under- 
 takings ; fine artist in a mechanical line. Careless about personal 
 appearance ; perfectly contented with love in a cottage. Married a 
 girl in humble but respectable position ; has one baby. 
 
 1\'. 119. (Born 1874) tall, reddish-brown hair; hazel eyes, 
 straight nose, careless about dress, easy-going, deeply religious ; mar- 
 ried an Asiatic missionary. Oriental life has suited her lazy, sweet 
 disposition. Had some uterine trouble as her older sister had, but a 
 slight operation overcame it. Has one son, 10 years old ; typical 
 Oriental type. Has had two or three miscarriages recently; has a 
 baby girl born alive. 
 
 HI. 12 ^ . ^larried a second time a widow with three children, 
 all of whom died of tuberculosis, as their father had done. By her, 
 he has one daughter (IV, 10) (placed in diagram between 15 & 16) 
 who is tall, with reddish hair, blue eyes, straight nose, pink and white 
 complexion. She is fickle, but stubborn in love affairs ; has many 
 sweethearts, each of wdiom for the time was the "only man in the 
 world.'' Romantic, impressionable, good musician, fine singer. Her 
 mother was tall, dark, brown eyes, clear complexion, musical, good 
 singer. Ever since daughter's birth, has been neurasthenic invalid. 
 
 l\\ 10 9 . Has been married five years, but has no children. 
 
 F 3 ^ . Scotchman, born about 1820, (mother English) 6 feet 
 tall, blue eyes, light-brown hair, which he kept to the day of his death 
 at about 82. Florid complexion; bigoted Presbyterian; scrupulously 
 honest and unselfish, even quixotically so. Poor business man. Failed 
 in business early in life, did better working in positions of trust for 
 others. Uncompromising in his loves and hates. Strict but affectionate 
 father. Hated all sham and everything that tended toward display or 
 fast living. His brother, (F 2), I know nothing of, but the latter's 
 son. now about 70 years old, is a distinguished judge, a lecturer on 
 law in a great university; a man about 6 feet tall, large blue eyes, 
 florid complexion, brown hair; has an afiiection of the eyes that exposes 
 the inside of the lids. Women say that when he is talking to one, he 
 gives her the impression that she is the only woman he ever loved. 
 Have been several scandals about his relationship with women, but his 
 wife has always shown her faith in, or loyalty to, him by making 
 friends of the women about whom there was gossip. His four sons 
 are distinguished in their professions, two as lawyers, two as engineers. 
 The four sons are married and have young children. 
 
22 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 P^ 
 
Tiiic Ka.milv-Histoky Book. 23 
 
 F 4 9 . Born 1829 ; died 1910 of diabetes ; 5' 10" tall, hazel eyes, 
 long pointed nose, firm mouth, oval face, fine figure, soft white skin. 
 Brought up a Roman Catholic, but after marriage became Scotch 
 Presbyterian of most bigoted type. Fine business woman. Proud as 
 Satan. After her husband's failure, she managed to bring up her 
 large family in a small country town surrounded by Indians, and 
 miners, like ladies and gentlemen, preventing them from associating 
 with other children. On moving to large city, took her place at once 
 in its most exclusive society. Contrived to save about $10,000 out 
 of her husband's slender salary, which she invested little by little in 
 gilt edged stock. Fought for her rights in the courts even when this 
 involved breaks with old friends. Hospitable to a fault ; house always 
 full of indigent friends, always open to relatives at all hours. Could 
 not see a joke, but made some of the cleverest jokes herself. Her 
 father, E 2, colonel in British army, married an Englishwoman. Her 
 brother : 
 
 F 6 $ . One of the most famous surgeons on this continent. 
 Born about 1830; died about 1906 of acute gastritis. About 6 feet tall; 
 long pointed nose ; grey eyes ; mouth a straight line ; proud, full of 
 humor ; an aristrocrat to the marrow ; the idol of the poor in his city ; 
 had a vast practice ; lectured on surgery in several great universities ; 
 spoke several languages ; travelled extensively ; was at various times 
 elected to high office in city and country ; knighted by Queen Victoria, 
 and by Pope Leo XHI. Married late in life. Brought up a Presby- 
 terian, he became a Roman Catholic ; gave liberally to Catholic chari- 
 ties ; was lavishly generous but with poor judgment; would slip a $10 
 gold piece into the hand of a G-year-old nephew whose parents were 
 well off, but forgot entirely nephews and nieces whose parents were 
 obliged to struggle to keep things going. Careless about business 
 matters, and thoughtless in his management of the estates of poorer 
 relatives. In important lawsuit entrusted his case to young lawyer 
 just graduated, simply because youth needed the money ; lost the case 
 through lawyer's bungling, but did not care. Of his children, G 18 ^ 
 is a Jesuit priest, tall, thin, pointed nose, thin lips, weak-looking eyes, 
 eloquent, deep student. G 16 ^ is about 30 years old, tall, blue eyes, 
 blonde, pointed nose, thin lips, a rising surgeon. Married and has 
 two blue-eyed blonde babies. Other children young or dead. 
 
 F 7 (J . Short, dark-grey eyes, long pointed nose ; married an 
 intensely religious shrew; liked to escape and have a quiet good time 
 with the boys. Had an only son, tall round face, short thick nose, blue 
 
24 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 eyes, thin lips. This young man (G 21) is musical, fond of companions 
 beneath his station in life, simple in tastes, commonplace in every way. 
 Married a woman who went to the bad; remarried a working woman 
 who died. Has no children by either. 
 
 F 9 9 . Short, stout, light-brown hair, many oddly-shaped moles 
 on back covered with fine hair ; blue eyes ; a crank on auction sales ; 
 bought every useless thing that seemed cheap. Frittered away a 
 fortune. Lavish entertainer ; impulsively generous and did not hesitate 
 to impose upon friends in like manner. Know nothing of her husband. 
 Of their children, G 25 5 , born about 1852, unmarried, very religious, 
 childishly simple in tastes, loves theaters and good eating; keen sense 
 of humor, but cannot make a joke or tell a story. G 24 9 , born about 
 1857, unmarried, fond of gayety, frivolity and flirting. Has grey eyes, 
 exceptionally large bust, thick curly hair. G 23$, born about 1858, 
 is married to very rich man ; leader of society in large city ; lavish 
 entertainer; myopic, has gone blind in one eye, and other is almost 
 blind ; about 50 years old ; short, slender ; light-brown hair ; hazel eyes. 
 All those three have long bodies and very short lip. G 22 ,J has had 
 three children ; boy died of typhoid fever, two girls are musical and 
 intellectual; care nothing for society, but only for art and literature 
 and music. 
 
 G 49. Born about 1855; tall, reddish blonde hair; blue eyes; 
 complexion like apple blossom ; graceful figure ; died of tuberculosis 
 at age of about 30. Her husband, G 3, short, volatile Frenchman, 
 proud, lazy, alcoholic, too proud to work, neglected his family after 
 wife's death, and allowed his children to be brought up by their 
 maternal grandmother. Of these, H 7 ^ , born about 1878, medium 
 height, curly red hair, blue eyes, industrious, temperate, easily led by 
 those he loves ; has made success in business, though starting with 
 nothing. Married H 6 $ , his first cousin. She is a tall, vivacious 
 brunette, dark-brown eyes, rosy cheeks, fine figure ; she is the "boss." 
 They have one child, a boy about G years old, delicate, golden hair, 
 blue eyes. H 8 (J , born about 187G, ran away; he had no home, and 
 after cruising around many places, married a German servant. They 
 have some children. He is a tall, red-haired, blue-eyed man who cares 
 nothing but for home and simple comfort. H 9 ^ , born about 1877, 
 stocky, dark red hair, hazel eyes ; generous, self-sacrificing ; hard 
 worker ; eloped with another man's wife, old enough to be his mother, 
 she deserting several children. They have several children. H 10 9 , 
 born about 1879, medium height, red hair, bright light-blue eyes, 
 
The Famii.v-1 IisTORV Book. 25 
 
 yellow lashes, freckled face, slender graceful figure, has a faculty of 
 making herself useful to others ; adaptable, self-sacrificing, foolish 
 about money matters, inclined to be impulsively extravagant, has earned 
 her own living, is about (Jan. li)l'3) to marry a man two years her 
 junior, an only son of very rich and aristocratic parents. 
 
 H 11^. Born about 1880, medium height, red hair, freckled, 
 grey eyes. Has wanderlust ; ran away from school often as child, 
 robbed his aunt, when 13; fired from a school for stealing a watch; 
 an inveterate liar, but a genial, pleasant, loveable companion. 
 
 5$. Born about 1852 ; medium height, very stout, dark-brown 
 hair, lirown eyes, long pointed nose, easy going, full of fun, a fine 
 cook and a good housekeeper. Her husband a conceited boaster, 
 but a clever engineer, was for long a drunkard, but at the age of about 
 C)0, he gave up liquor absolutely. She has always been kind, long- 
 suffering and gentle with him, and never has hinted to anyone that 
 he was not the best husband in the world. Their children are all the 
 images of their father, but have most of their mother's characteristics. 
 H 13, married to a clergyman who was basely untrue to her, w-as 
 loyal to him and eft'ected his reform. 
 
 G T 6 . \^ery tall, dark brown hair and beard ; long pointed nose ; 
 died of tuberculosis at about 30, complicated with some venereal 
 disease. 
 
 G 8 ^ . \'ery tall, brown hair, brown eyes, musical, full of humor, 
 great story teller, fond of yachting, swimming and all sports. Died of 
 tuberculosis and rheumatism at about 30. 
 
 G ■* 9 . Born about 1850; short, square-jawed, grey eyes, long 
 pointed nose, large mouth, one leg shorter than the other; never 
 married. One of the most self-sacrificing women in the world; spends 
 all her life trying to find things to do for others and doing them. 
 
 (j 119. Born about 1852; short, slender, brown eyes, large 
 mouth, big teeth, one white lock in brown hair, tender hearted, senti- 
 mental, hot-tempered, cries wdienever she says goodbye even for a day. 
 Has had several love affairs, but never married. Full of fun ; passion- 
 ately fond of her nephews and nieces whom she spoils terribly. Timid 
 to a ridiculous degree. 
 
 G 12 9 . (Born abt. 1860) 5' 10'' tall; perfect figure, soft white 
 skin, hazel eyes, dark brown hair; long pointed nose; small mouth, 
 narrow jaws, oval face, small chalky teeth; suft'ered from rheumatism 
 as a girl ; had severe attack of typhoid fever at age of 48 ; suft'ered 
 severely from malaria when 30 — 35. Affectionate, devoted to family; 
 
26 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 demonstrative in love for her children when babies, but gradually less 
 so as they grow older ; finds it difficult to make any demonstrations of 
 affection for husband or grown up sons ; but would sacrifice her health 
 and her life for them. Hard worker but utterly without any idea of 
 system. No sense of locality or direction. Bad memory for names. 
 Fond of music, cares nothing for literature or art ; more conscientious 
 than religious, though inclined to bigotry; intolerant and uncharitable 
 in her judgments of others; inclined to worry. Proud of family; 
 would lie or kill to protect any of them ; utterly lacking in curiosity ; 
 married at 30 and had not the faintest idea of what marriage meant 
 or whence babies came. Of her and (IV, 15's) children, H 20 ^ , born 
 1891, is 6' 2'' tall, hazel eyes, brown hair, sallow complexion, nervous, 
 optimistic, abnormally narrow upper jaw but large teeth, had to have 
 upper jaw stretched; has suffered much from inflammatory rheumatism 
 and tonsilitis ; adenoids removed wdien about 15. Had scarlet fever 
 and measles when a small child. Had malaria when 2 years old. 
 Physically powerful, muscular, but inclined to stoop. Passion for 
 mechanics and electricity ; studied the theory of these as a boy ; 
 thoroughly mastered them before he was 18. Would not study at 
 school, failed in high school ; but is making a fine success in the employ 
 of a great electrical manufacturing concern. Got into serious trouble 
 when 15 by trying to seduce girl of 13 ; since then has cared little for 
 girls' society, acting as if afraid of them. Hates "society," but has a 
 few warm friends, generally in a station of life rather beneath him. 
 Careless about personal appearance, fidgety, contracts little habits of 
 fidgeting with trifles ; on the go all the time. Affectionate, thoughtful, 
 unselfish, and considerate of others, but fickle in his friendships, rush- 
 ing them at first, then suddenly forgetting them. On his holidays, 
 prefers a farmhouse to a fashionable resort. Keen sense of humor; 
 tells a story well until he comes to the point, when he laughs so hard 
 that he cannot finish it intelligently, or has to repeat it when his laugh 
 is over. 
 
 H 21 5 . Born 1893; 6' tall, thin but broadchested and muscular; 
 fearless, strong constitution. As a child of 2 to 4, enjoyed nothing 
 better than getting into a cold bath with the thermometer at zero, and 
 the window wide open ; did it with impunity. Dived off into ten feet 
 of water, trusting to someone to catch him when a child of 2. Learned 
 to swim when very young, and to-day, will swim for hours as far out 
 at sea as he can get. At six learned to box and would put on the 
 gloves with his father and take all the punishment the latter could give, 
 
The Famiia'-Mistoky Book. 27 
 
 without losing his temper. Good football player. As a boy cared for 
 nothing' but sport. Always careful about associates ; would never make 
 friends with people beneath him. At 18, knows all the nicest girls in 
 the city in which he lives, and is a prime favorite with them. Straight 
 nose, brown eyes, brown hair, the face of a Greek god ; large strong 
 teeth, but inclined to be chalky; very hairy legs and body; at 18 had 
 to shave regularly. Hard to move, stubborn, determined to have his 
 own way, very thoughtless of others ; a dandy in dress. Persistent 
 and patient in attaining his end in spite of all obstacles. Diligent 
 worker when once started, and whatever he does, he does thoroughly. 
 Wears scarcely any underclothing in coldest weather, and sleeps with 
 little over him. Has never had any disease except measles when a baby. 
 
 H 22^. Born 1896; 5' 9'' tall; well built; brown hair, large 
 strong teeth, yellowish hazel eyes, Roman nose, plump rosy face, hot 
 petulant temper, quick student and diligent. Loves outdoor sport and 
 mechanical pursuits. Always had a weak stomach, but eats greedily, 
 and it is hard to make him chew his food. Is often laid up with fever 
 and sore throat, due to overeating or greediness in eating rich food, 
 but a day's starvation cures him. 
 
 H 23 5 . Born 1905; always large for his age; grey eyes, rosy 
 cheeks, light brown hair that is red in the sunlight ; never sick. Power- 
 ful imagination ; plays by himself, making of himself an entire football 
 or baselmll team. Loves outdoor life. Remarkable musical taste; 
 picked up piano-playing without aid and has such a good ear for music 
 that he can find correct chords and harmonies alone. 
 
 G 1 ^ . Born about 1850; a Frenchman of medium height, dark 
 brown hair and eyes, large nose ; dissipated but religious. Xever able 
 to support family, but always able to live well himself, and associate 
 with the best people. Clever engineer, but cannot hold a position 
 because he will not take orders from anyone. Married G 2 a slender, 
 refined, half-French, half-Irish girl; large blue eyes, wavy golden hair, 
 Roman nose, small mouth, oval face. She was a famous beauty in the 
 South, but has become through worry, a nervous and physical wreck 
 at 60, and looks 90. \"ery religious, strict Roman Catholic, intolerant, 
 sarcastic, bitter and not altogether sincere. Brought up her five 
 daughters, all of them rare beauties, under great difiiculties. but made 
 refined and elegant ladies of them. They are all of same physical type, 
 tall, well-built, rosy-cheeks, brown eyes, large straight nose with large 
 nostrils, perfectly-shaped mouths, and slender hands ; all inclined to 
 display, and extravagant in dress. H 6 married her first cousin, already 
 
28 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 described. H -i 2 is selfish, silly in money matters, no idea of economy, 
 discontented, melancholy, says she was born sad and is always sadder 
 when the sun shines ; married a rich man she did not love ; he was a 
 dark, black-eyed, short man of French-Italian parentage, a successful, 
 self-made business man, her third cousin. Of her three children, 
 lis was born 1906 with a pyloric obstruction and died in 30 days; 
 I 2 S was born 1907 with a pyloric obstruction which was cured, and 
 today he is a robust, fat, black-eyed, curly haired, active, hot-tempered 
 boy. 13^, born 1910, with a hare lip, and absolutely no palate; the 
 bone that carries the upper incisors is also absent. Operation closed 
 the lip and made a nostril. 1912 is cutting teeth ; second incisors are 
 growing at edge of jaw bone on brink of opening. Lower teeth com- 
 ing normally. He has red hair, blue eyes ; physically robust, trying 
 hard to talk. 
 
 b. THE HISTORY OF THE BEECHER-FOOTE FAMILY. 
 Every family that comprises genius that is commonly regarded 
 as of high order offers points of great interest. In how far is the 
 genius sui generis? Whence came the strain of large imagination? 
 Is this imagination associated with eccentricity and flightiness such 
 as we see in the insane? 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 D- 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 6ib6666ib 
 
 "= 6iti6i6iiii (5d5 
 
 10 12 14 
 
 16 17 IS 
 
 Fig. 
 
 As an example we select the "Beecher family" — a family that 
 includes two persons of "Hall of Fame" grade : Henry Ward Beecher 
 and Harriet Beecher Stowe, his sister. 
 
 III. 1. Catherine Esther Beecher, b. E. Hampton, L. I., Sept. 6, 
 1800; d. Elmira, N. Y., May 12, 1878. Educated at Litchfield, Sem., 
 Conn. She prepared her own text books in arithmetic, theology and 
 
The Famiia-IIistory Book. 29 
 
 mental and moral philosophy. In 1832 went to Cincinnati with her 
 father and started a seminary there, but h^r health failed. She then 
 devoted herself to plan for the physical, social, intellectual and moral 
 education of women, which was promoted through a National Board 
 of Popular Education, that sent hundreds of women as teachers into 
 the south and west. Her mind was full of original vigor, but without 
 much imagination, consequently some of her schemes were imprac- 
 ticable. She had a great deal of racy humor, and mother-wit, with 
 patience, magnanimity, and unbounded good-nature, no bitterness or 
 malice ; while working for women's education she opposed woman 
 suffrage and college education for them. Her own common sense 
 was her standard of judgment. She believed that what she could not 
 comprehend could not exist ; had no appreciation of art or classical 
 music ; she sang and played the piano and the guitar and occasionally 
 wrote verses ; for many years she suffered from lameness and weak- 
 ness of nerve and body ; and all her work was carried on under great 
 bodily difficulties. Her published works include "Letters on the 
 Difficulties of Religion," "The ]\loral Instructor," "Treatise on Domes- 
 tic Economy," "Housekeepers' Receipt Book," "Duty of American 
 Women to their Country," "Physiology and Calisthenics," "Common 
 Sense Applied to Religion." 
 
 HI. 2. Rev. Wm. Henry, b. E. Hampton, L. L, Jan. 15, 1802. 
 Educated at home and in Andover. 1833 received honorary degree 
 of A. yi. from Yale. Home missionary on the Western Reserve and 
 since held charges in Putnam, Toledo, and Chillicothe, Ohio, in Read- 
 ing and X. Brookfield, ^Nlass. 
 
 HI. 4. Rev. Edward, b. Hampton, L. I., Aug. 27. 1803. Gradu- 
 ated at Yale 1822, studied theology at Andover and New Haven; 
 tutor at Yale 1825. Pastor of Park St. Church, Boston 182G-30; 
 president of 111. College, Jacksonville, 18-1-1; Pastor Salem St. Church, 
 Boston and in Galesburg, 111. till 1870. Prof, of exegesis in Chicago 
 Theol. Sem. 1872 retired from the ministry. Was senior editor of 
 the Congregationalist for its first (i years and was constant contributor 
 to periodicals. His two works on the "Ages" gave rise to much dis- 
 cussion, and have modified doctrinal statements as to the origin of 
 human depravity. Married Isabella P. Jones, Oct. 27, 1829. 
 
 HI. G. :\Iary Foote (Beecher) b. July 19, 1805; m. Xov. 7, 
 1827, Thomas Clapp Perkins of Hartford, Conn., b. July 30, 1798; d. 
 Oct. 11, 1870. 
 
30 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 III. 8. Rev. George Beecher, b. East Hampton, L. I-, May G, 
 1809; d. Chillicothe, Ohio*; m. July 13, 1837, Sarah P. Buckingham 
 of Putnam, Ohio. He studied in Hartford under the care of his 
 brother Edward and took a collegiate course at Yale ; attended Theol. 
 Seminary at New Haven. His collegiate and professional courses 
 were interrupted by ill health. Had strong social sympathy and a 
 habit of transmitting thoughts and feelings to friends or relatives by 
 letters. He says : "When I am in a weak state of body, unless I 
 have friends with whom I can converse and thus become excited by 
 the collision of intellect, I cannot raise myself to the point of writing 
 with ease." His sermons written under intense excitement. Liked 
 exciting labor, rather than patient, laborious study. Guileless, affec- 
 tionate, honest, precipitous, broad-minded non-sectarian. Musical 
 ability, as he had charge of two singing schools and often led his own 
 choir. Passionately fond of flowers, shells and other natural objects 
 with beautiful form and color. Interested in total abstinence. He 
 suffered much from dyspepsia, and was frequently depressed in spirits. 
 He was much troubled with weakness of the throat and lungs. In his 
 pastorate he is described as active and ardent ; never uninteresting, 
 sometimes surpassingly powerful, but not always happy in his efforts. 
 Died at Chillicothe, Ohio, July 1, 1843, of a self-inflicted gunshot 
 wound. 
 
 III. 10. Harriet (Elizabeth) Beecher, b. Litchfield, June 14, 
 1811. Left motherless at 4 years. Went to aunt's house; committed 
 to memory a wonderful assortment of hymns, poems and scriptural 
 passages ; had a very retentive memory and used it later in life. 
 /'With the ability to read," Mrs. Stowe said in after years, ''there 
 seemed to germinate in me the intense literary longing that belonged 
 to me from that time." From 4 to 6, sought for books : read Arabian 
 Nights at 6. Harriet is described by her step-mother as amiable, 
 affectionate, and very bright. As a girl, on hearing the Declaration of 
 Independence read : "The heroic element was strong in me . . . 
 and it made me long to do something; I knew not what, to fight for mv 
 country, or to make some declaration on my own account." At 10 
 or 11, at Litchfield Acad.: A great joy to be allowed to write compo- 
 sitions. Wrote one that she read at 12 years and father proud of it. 
 Subject: "Can the Immortality of the Soul be Proved by the Light 
 of Nature?" At 12, she went to a Hartford school, and began a 
 drama called Cleon (a great lord at the time of Nero), remarkable 
 for a girl of her age. "Converted" at 14 years. Had an excitable 
 
The Famikv-Histokv Book. 31 
 
 poetic nature. Was subject to hypochondria. "You don't know how 
 wretched I feel, so useless, so weak, so destitute of all energy." In 
 lS32 wrote a geography (pub. 1833). Published a satirical essay in 
 the \\'cstern Magazine. Married Calvin E. Stowe, Jan. 1836. Twins, 
 autumn 1838. Literary work while housekeeping, 1840. June IG, 
 1845: "I suffer with sensible distress in the brain ... a distress 
 which some days takes from me all power of planning or executing 
 anything." 1850, "When I have a headache and feel sick as I do to- 
 day." The scene of death of her ''Uncle Tom" presented itself almost 
 as a tangible vision to her mind while sitting at the communion table; 
 was almost overcome with it and could scarcely restrain the convulsion 
 of tears and sobbings that shook her frame. Love of fun ; absentminded. 
 "Mrs. Stowe's face like that of all her mother's children showed the 
 delicate refinement of the Foote mask overlaid by the stronger and 
 more sanguine Beecher characteristics. Curly, crispy hair, eyes kind 
 and pleasant, frame slender with 'scholar's stoop' of the shoulder. 
 Manner self-possessed, gentle, considerate, without the graces of one 
 habituated to society, she was evidently a gentlewoman born and bred." 
 Mrs. Stowe's genius was essentially dramatic. Her own theater, 
 herself among the actors, the scenery never out of her brain. Mind 
 bubbling and boiling ; "Think of so many stories that I don't settle 
 on any." Her public readings were a great success! She died July 1, 
 1896, at 85 years of age at Hartford, Conn. Mind had deteriorated in 
 late years. "]\Iind almost ceased to act" for some years before her death. 
 (Like her father's) "My mind wanders like a murmuring brook." 
 
 in. 12. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Brooklyn, X. Y., b. June 
 24. 1813; d. ^lar. 8, 1887; m. Aug. 3, 1837, Eunice White Buliard, 
 West Sutton, Mass. A graduate of Amherst College, 1834; studied 
 at Lane Theological Seminary, 1834-7. Pastorates in Laurenceburg, 
 Tnd. : Indianapolis, Ind. ; and Brooklyn. X. Y. Editor of X\ Y. Inde- 
 pendent in 1861, and in 1870, editor of the Christian I'nion (now the 
 Outlook). He published numerous books. Had great literary and 
 oratorical ability, great personal magnetism. In temperament he was 
 always ]io]:)eful. expectant and progressive. Xaturally shy and bashful, 
 ran awav from his sister's party as a boy and at (iO years confessed 
 tliat lie never entered, without embarrassment, a room in which he 
 expected to find strangers. Witty and quick in repartee, an excellent 
 mimic, usually the center of a circle of tempestuous merriment. In 
 1:)oyhood was a daring leader and desired to excel in everything. Had 
 a habit of investigation and was a close observer. Had a positive 
 
32 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin Nxd. 7. 
 
 genius for friendship. His generosity, fairness, love for his enemies and 
 his self-control, impressed one friend most. He was not an original 
 thinker, but had great philosophical insight, spiritual vision and the 
 power of persuasion in public capacity ; in both civil war and recon- 
 struction period, he exhibited prophetic and statesmanlike quahties. 
 He employed the resources of wide reading, broad sympathy with 
 men, vivid imagination and a devout emotional nature. He never 
 could handle figures correctly but saw the philosophy and poetrx- which 
 underlay mathematics and even statistics. Was rather careless in 
 money matters. Had a great love of flowers, gems, and natural 
 beauty in form and color. He died of cerebral hemorrhage, March 
 8, 1887. 
 
 HI. 14. Rev. Charles Beecher, b. Litchfield, Conn., Oct. 7, 1815. 
 Graduated at Bowdoin 1831:. Theol. course in Lane Seminary, Ohio. 
 Ordained pastor of 2nd Presbyterian Church, Fort Wayne, 1851, when 
 he wxnt to Newark for three years. 1857 at First Congregational 
 Church, Georgetown, Mass. 1870-77 resided in Florida where for 2 
 years he was state supt. of public instruction and later pastor at 
 Wysox, Pa. Was an excellent musician, and selected and arranged 
 much of the music for the "Plymouth Collection." Published : 'I'he 
 Incarnation or Pictures of the Virgin and Her Son ; David and His 
 Throne ; Pen Pictures of the Bible ; Autobiography and- Correspond- 
 ence of Lyman Beecher. He married Sarah Coffin. 
 
 HALF BROTHERS AND SISTERS. 
 
 III. 16. Rev. Thomas Kennicut Beecher, son of Harriet (Por- 
 ter) Beecher, b. Feb, 10, 1824. Graduated from 111. College 184:) when 
 his brother Edw^ard was president. Pastor of N. E. Cong. Church, in 
 Williamsburg, now Brooklyn, N. Y. and had charge of the Indedend- 
 ent Cong; Church. Was an influential speaker and writer and is dis- 
 tinguished for philanthropy. Ignores sectarian feelings and seeks 
 to promote a fraternal spirit among the various Christian denomina- 
 tions. Edited a weekly Miscellany in two Elmira papers on current 
 topics. A lecturer; has pronounced mechanical and scientific tastes 
 and is a lover of art as well as a keen critic. Has travelled in Eng- 
 land, France, South America and California. 
 
 HI. K. Rev. James Chaplin Beecher, b. Boston, Jan. 8, 1<S28; 
 d. Elmira, N. Y., Aug. 25, 1886. Graduated at Dartmouth and studied 
 at Andover. Until 1861 was chaplain of the Seamen's Bethel in Can- 
 ton and Hong Kong, China. In Civil War was cha])lain and then 
 
The Kam iLv-llisTOKV Book. 33 
 
 Lieut. Col. and mustered out in 18()() as brevet 1)rigadier general. 
 Later held pastorates in Oswego, Poughkeepsie and Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 After 3 years of acute suffering from hallucinations which had been 
 present since 18G4, he committed suicide. 
 
 in. \S. Isabella Beecher, b. Feb. 22, 1822, at Cincinnati, mar- 
 ried John Hooker ; she combined many traits of a gifted family. Was 
 an active champion of the claim of women to the ballot. 
 
 The parents of the fraternity III, 1-14 were Rev. Lyman Beecher 
 and Roxanna Foote who were married in Sept. 19, 1797. 
 
 FATHER. 
 
 II. 1. Lyman Beecher, born at New Haven, Conn., Oct. 12, 
 1775. The only child of David Beecher and Esther Lyman, his wife. 
 He was a 7 months child, weighed scarcely 3 pounds at birth and his 
 mother died of tuberculosis two days after he was born. He was 
 laid aside as not viable, but after awhile, as he continued to breathe, 
 was washed, dressed, and cared for. He grew up in his uncle's familv 
 at Guilford, Conn. ; worked at blacksmith's shop and farm ; placed in 
 a good school where he proved to be the best reader in the school. 
 Graduated from Yale 1797 ; ordained 1798 and preached in Presby- 
 terian church in East Hampton, Long Island, 1798-1810. In Congre- 
 gational Church, Litchfield, Conn., 1810-26; in Boston 1826-32; at 
 Cincinnati, 1833-43 and was president of the newly established Lane 
 Theological Seminary at Cincinnati, 1832-50 and professor emeritus 
 until his death at Brooklyn, in 1863. He was tried for heresy, a mark 
 of breath of view in theological matters. Published Views in The- 
 ology, 1836 ; A Plea for the \\'est,1835 ; Sermons on Temperance, etc. 
 Was married three times, first to Roxanna Foote, Sept. 19, 1797, who 
 died 1818 ; then to Harriet Porter of Portland, Me. His mental traits 
 were as follows : His imagination was apparently visionary (for his 
 l)ehavior was erratic) and suggestive ; his memory was retentive ; his 
 methods of work on the whole unsystematic, impulsive. He had a 
 love of music and was very susceptible to its influence. He had a piano 
 sent from New Haven to Litchfield, learned to accompany it with the 
 violin, while his sons, \\' illiam and Edward, played the flute. He had 
 a strong sense of humor and his household was full of cheerfulness 
 and much hilarity, he loved pranks and jokes. He loved fishing and 
 took much vigorous exercise, sawed wood, shoveled sand and lived 
 much in the open air. Seldom wore an overcoat or gloves, nor carried 
 an umbrella, exce])t in extreme cases. He never had property nor 
 
34 Eugenics Record Ofeice, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 sought to acquire it, nor could he keep it if he had it. He had great 
 personal courage. Thus when, at college, he caught a sneak-thief in 
 the depth of the night he brought him to his room, made him lie on 
 the floor until morning and then took him before a judge, fie had no 
 fear of, but loved, a thunder storm. But he was impressionable, for 
 when told as a child by a playmate that a fiction he had invented would 
 incur the wrath of God and cause him to be burned forever, he was 
 deeply afifected. He knew periods of depression as well as elation. 
 He was displeased at the publication of the private diaries of great 
 men, especially if they were of a melancholy cast or recorded great 
 alternations of ecstasy and gloom. He ''had dark hours in his early 
 life, and was able to impart hope to the despondent." He loved action ; 
 said, "I was made for action. The Lord drove me ; but I was ever 
 ready. I have always been going at full speed." He loved human 
 sympathy and had no words of uncharitableness, envy or jealousy. 
 He was a great correspondent and his children showed the same trait 
 and maintained for years a sort of circulating letter or "round robin." 
 Enthusiastic himself, he inspired this trait in others ; thus the arduous 
 work of building up the family woodpile became a rivalry among the 
 children. In his own work he required a mental stimulus to writing; 
 if he had a sermon to prepare, he would talk with the neighbors up to 
 the last moment and then rush to his study and draw up his outlines. 
 In the pulpit he was bold to the point of audacity, and displayed great 
 personal magnetism and an indomitable will. He preferred speaking 
 from notes but was a careful writer. He was a reformer, a contro- 
 versationalist, a temperance reformer, an optimist, liberal and pro- 
 gressive, but fearful of radical reform, and was extremely absent- 
 minded. His physical health was not robust, though maintained by 
 vigorous exercise. He suffered from dyspepsia and in the last ten 
 years of his life was mentally enfeebled. 
 
 MOTHER. 
 
 II. 2. Roxanna (Foote) Beecher, Guilford, Conn., b. 1775 — d. 
 1818. Daughter of Eli Foote and Roxanna (Ward) Foote. She was 
 easily first in his fraternity of nine in intellect and goodness. She 
 acquired the equivalent of a college education, besides the usual do- 
 mestic tasks of girls of her time. She read literature and history and 
 science ; wrote and spoke French, was skilled in music, art and dress- 
 making. She was so sensitive and of so great natural timidity that she 
 never spoke in company or before strangers without blushing, and in 
 
The Famiuy-Mistorv Book. 35 
 
 later life was absolutely unable to lead devotions in the weekly female 
 praver meetings. Her family were Tories, an indication of -character 
 which is so marked a feature in her descendants. She early learned 
 patience, self-control, efficiency and unselfishness. She never spoke 
 an angry w'ord, was submissive, not demonstrative, but with a profound 
 philosophical nature, a depth of affection and a serenity that was 
 charming. She had a love of the beautiful and the poetic temperament 
 which Henry Ward Beecher had. She loved nature, especially flowers. 
 Loyalty came from the Foote family, shown by the anti-slavery stand 
 of her children ; virtue and temperance came from the Ward family. 
 
 mother's fraternity. 
 
 H. 3. Andrew Ward Foote, b. Nov. 9, 1776 ; d. Sept. 29, 1794. 
 
 H. 4. William Henry Foote, b. Sept. 8, 1778; d. Oct. 7, 1794. 
 
 These two boys died of dysentery the same year. They were 
 youths of great promise. 
 
 II. 5. Harriet Foote, b. July 28, 1773 ; d. Apr. 19, 1842. Lyman 
 Beecher says of her in comparing her with her sister Roxanna, whom 
 he married, that she was "smart and witty, a little too keen." II, 6. 
 Martha Foote, b. Sept. 23, 1781; d. Sept. 23, 1793; 11,7. Catherine 
 Foote, b. Feb. 28, 1792 and d. Aug. 27, 1811. 11,8. Mary W^ard 
 Foote Hubbard. 
 
 II. 9. Samuel Edmund Foote (b. Oct. 29, 1787 and d. Nov. 1, 
 1858 in New Haven) was a sea captain at 18 years, a profession for 
 which he had prepared himself by study and practice. Abandoned the 
 sea in 1826. Resided in Cincinnati where he did much for the improve- 
 ment and growth of the city. Was secretary and director to the City 
 Water Company, and a director of the Ohio River Canal and other 
 enterprises. Lost a fortune in the financial crisis of 1837 but gathered 
 another and retired to New Haven in 1850. He was an adventurous 
 spirit, and loved the roving life of a seaman. He was ingenious and 
 invented improvements in ships' rigging and building and this trait 
 made him useful in his public enterprises. He had great practical 
 common sense and business ability united with large ideality. He was 
 a man of wide interests and culture — "one of the best-educated men 
 of his time." He spoke and wrote the French, Italian and Spanish 
 languages fluently ; and he had a wide knowledge of literature. He 
 was generous and had a humorous combativeness that led him to attack 
 the special theories and prejudices of his friends, sometimes prosily, 
 
36 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 and sometimes in earnest. He married, Sept. 9, 1827, Elizabeth Betts^ 
 Elliott, a' distant cousin. 
 
 II. 10. Geo. Augustus Foote, Guilford, Conn. b. Dec. 5>, 1789; 
 d. Sept. 5, 1878 ; m. May 24, 1829, Elizabeth Spencer, b. Mar. 23, 1812 ; 
 d. Aug. 29, 1898, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Tuttle) Spencer. 
 
 GRANDPARENTS. 
 
 I. 1. David Beecher, a blacksmith, who worked at the same 
 anvil his father had before him and on same old stump of the oak 
 tree under which John Davenport preached his first sermon in New 
 Haven. He was well read, clear-headed, with decided opinions upon 
 questions of the day. He kept college students as boarders in order 
 to enjoy their conversation. He was fond of politics, loved to keep 
 pets, and was subject to hypochondriacal attacks. He was absent- 
 minded ; would collect eggs into his pocket and sit down on them. 
 He was short in stature, like his mother, and like his father and grand- 
 father could lift a barrel of cider and carry it into the cellar, but his 
 grandfather, John Beecher, the immigrant, could lift so as to drink out 
 of the bunghole. David's father was Nathaniel Beecher, six feet tall 
 and a blacksmith, and his mother was Sarah Sperry, a woman of great 
 piety. David's father's father was John Beecher, whose wife was a 
 Pomeroy, a family that includes much talent in blacksmithing, iron- 
 making and inventiveness. 
 
 I. 2. Esther Lyman, born ]\Iiddletown, Conn, daughter of John 
 Lyman, had a joyous, sparkling, hopeful temperament; was tall, well 
 proportioned and dignified in movements. She died of tuberculosis 2 
 days after her son Lyman was born. 
 
 I. 3. Eli Foote, Guilford, Conn, and (1,4) Roxanna (Ward) 
 Foote. He was a man of fine person, polished manners and cultivated 
 taste. He was educated for the bar and practiced a little in Guilford 
 but eventually became a merchant and traded at the South. He was a 
 descendant of Nathaniel Foote whose family in England had received 
 a coat of arms with an oak tree upon it and the motto, "Loyalty and 
 Truth" for concealing the King in an oak tree in time of danger. 
 
 in. DATA FURNISHED BY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Many well-written biographies devote space to a valuable account 
 of the "ancestry" of the person described. It is not unusual to find in 
 such accounts evidence of the origin of the combination of traits that 
 made their possessor successful. 
 
The Famha'-IIistokv Book. 
 
 EXAMPLE 1. 
 
 SUBJECT. 
 
 Lyman Abbott, b. Roxbury, Mass. Dec. 18, 1835, graduated from 
 University of the City of New York, admitted to the bar, 1856, or- 
 dained to the Congregational ministry 1860; in literary work, 1869-88; 
 pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 1888-99. Author of books on 
 law, religion, the Bible, democracy, etc. Editor of the Outlook. 
 Characterized by industry, clearness, and simplicity of exposition ; clear 
 thinking and judgment (leading to successful prediction in social 
 affairs), modesty, and much musical ability. 
 
 subject's fraternity. 
 
 Benjamin Vaughan Abbott, graduate of Harvard Law School, 
 secretary of New York Code Commission, 1863-5 : reviser of U. S. 
 statutes, (16 vols) digests, etc. altogether exceeding 100 volumes. 
 D. at 59 years, 1890. Much musical ability. 
 
 Austin Abbott, b. Boston 1831 ; graduated from Univ. of City of 
 Xew York, 1851, practised law with Benjamin Vaughan; prepared 
 greater part of Abbott's New York Digest and "Abbott's Forms." 
 Wrote many other highly practical books to simplify legal procedure. 
 Dean of Law School. Died, 1896. 
 
 Edward Abbott, b. Farmington, Me., 1841 ; graduated from Univ. 
 of City of New York, 1860, and Andover Theological Seminary 1862; 
 on U. S. Sanitary Commission, Army of the Potomac ; associate editor 
 of 'The Congregationalist," 1869-1878. Joined the Protestant Episco- 
 pal denomination and had charge of St. James parish, Cambridge. 
 Published numerous works. 
 
 FATHER. 
 
 Jacob Abbott, b. Hallowell, Maine, 1803; graduate of Bowdoin 
 college, 1820; studied at Andover Theological Seminary 1821-24; 
 Professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Amherst College, 
 1821-24; founded young ladies' school in Boston, preached there and 
 with his brothers founded Abbott's Institute in New York City. D. in 
 Maine, 1879. He was a prolific writer of juvenile stories, brief his- 
 tories and biographies and religious books for the general reader, and 
 a few works in popular science. His Rollo Books (28 vols.) were 
 enormously popular and he issued over 200 books in all. His chief 
 characteristics were a remarkable judgment, modesty and fondness for 
 little children. 
 
38 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 father's fraternity. 
 
 John Stevens Cabot Abbott, b. Brunswick, Mai^e, 1805. Asso- 
 ciated with Jacob in management of Abbott's Institute and in preparing 
 his brief historical biographies. Graduated from Bowdoin College, 
 1825 ; preached at various places in Massachusetts. Wrote volumi- 
 nously books on Christian ethics and history. His historical works 
 were popular but not scholarly. Rose early and worked two hours 
 before breakfast ; an assiduous student who consulted nature as much 
 as his library. Visualized his histories before writing. Was never 
 discomposed nor in a hurry. Died Fair Haven, Conn. 1877. (Nat. 
 Cyclopedia, VI; 145.) 
 
 Gorham Dummer Abbott, b. Brunswick, ]\Ie., Sept. 3, 1807. Grad- 
 uated Bowdoin College, 1826; studied theology at Andover ; took 
 horseback ride through South for his health. Established, with his 
 brother Jacob, the Mount Vernon School for Young Ladies and be- 
 came, 1837, pastor of Presbyterian Church at New Rochelle. Collected 
 and tabulated data on the educational facilities, institutional methods 
 and systems of instruction, libraries and publications for the use of 
 schools in this and foreign countries. Organized (1836), and for some 
 years served as secretary of, the ''Society for the Diffusion of Useful 
 Knowledge," which published selected books for school libraries. 
 Secured useful legislation for public education. Founded private 
 academies ; was interested in studies in biblical exegesis, in history and 
 in problems of commerce and political relations with Central America 
 and Mexico. Died So. Natick, Aug. 4, 1874. 
 
 Samuel Phillips Abbott, founded in 1844, at Farmington, Maine, 
 the Abbott school, popularly called "Little Blue" ; a teacher and a 
 lover of youth. Two sisters and one other brother. 
 
 father's father. 
 , very musical. 
 
 MOTHER. 
 
 Harriet \'aughan, musical. 
 
 EXAMPLE 2.* 
 
 SUBJECT. 
 
 George Bancroft, b. Oct. 3, 1800 at Worcester, Mass. As a boy 
 called ''wild." Early schooling meagre, then at Exeter Academy where 
 
 * M. A. deWolfe Howe: "Life and Letters of George Bancroft," Scribner, 
 1908. 
 
The I'a.m ii.v-1 Ii.-^tokv Hook. 39 
 
 he showed traits of intellectual (juiekness and ambition and won (1813) 
 the prize for best classical composition. Then at Harvard Colleij^e 
 where he bore the nickname of "The Doctor," and was elected to the 
 Phi Beta Kappa society. Studied in Europe, 1818-1822, at Heidelberg, 
 Gottingcn and l^Jerlin. Taught at Harvard, and later organized a sec- 
 ondary school for boys, 1822-31. Married Aliss Dwight of Spring- 
 field, Mass. Entered political life, nominated for Governor of jNlassa- 
 chusetts, 1844, became Secretary of the Navy under Polk, ]84(), became 
 influential in annexation of Texas and the settling of the Northwest 
 boundary dispute. Minister to London in 1846; to P>erlin, 18()7; 
 recognized as leader in diplomatic circles, died at Washington, 1891. 
 His great literary work is his History of the United States, begun 18.'3G, 
 of which five volumes appeared. His work characterized by a philo- 
 sophic spirit, as well as by accuracy. He had great imagination and 
 enthusiasm, capable of large generalizations. Said of him that he had 
 two principal faults : Getting excited over little things, and having 
 little respect for the judgment ot others. 
 
 subject's fraternity. 
 
 Lucrctia Bancroft, married \\'illiam Farnuni. 
 
 Jane Putnam Bancroft, mother of Admiral Gherardi. 
 
 Henry Bancroft, a sea captain in the East India trade and sailing 
 master of one of ]\lcDonough's vessels in the battle of Lake Champlain. 
 Died at 30 years. 
 
 John Bancroft, followed the sea and was lost at sea at 32 years. 
 
 Eliza Bancroft, married "Honest John" Davis, former governor 
 of Massachusetss and a U. S. Senator. 
 
 FATHER. 
 
 Aaron Bancroft, born at Reading. Massachusetts, Nov. 10, 1775 ; 
 died at Worcester, Alassachusetts, August 19, 1835. Entered Harvard 
 College 1774, graduated with honor, 1778; given degree of D. D., 1810. 
 On leaving college taught unsuccessfully, then went to Nova Scotia 
 to preach. Rebelled against Calvinism and became a LTiitarian ; was 
 indifferent to praise or fault finding; was president of the Unitarian 
 association, 1825-182G; wrote in 1807 a "Life of Washington," which 
 brought him fame. 
 
 A bright, cheerful and hospitable man who loved the society of 
 intellectual friends ; had a ready sympathy, was lively in conversation, 
 quick and clear in perception. His mind was calm, logical, reflective, 
 
40 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 he loved literature and its pursuits. Temperament bilious, physical 
 organization delicate, irascible in boyhood, but later self-restrained. 
 Affection strong, but not demonstrative. Died four months after his 
 wife. 
 
 father's Father. 
 
 Deacon Samuel Bancroft. 
 
 father's father's fattier. 
 
 Deacon Thomas Bancroft of Reading, Mass. He left a will re- 
 citing: "My history books to be divided among my three sons equally," 
 etc. (showing his interest in history.) 
 
 mother. 
 
 Lucretia Chandler ; *'of remarkable benevolence, had uncommon 
 gifts of mind, ]:)layfulness and cheerfulness." As a child "cared not 
 for history nor did I read much of travels." Read many novels, liked 
 plays and blank verse. Always ready for amusements ; the gayness 
 of the ball room ; called "black-eyed Indian." 
 
 mother's mother. 
 
 Mary Church of Bristol, R. I. whose father's father was Captain 
 Benjamin Church of King Philip's War, and a chronicler of the 
 Indian Wars. 
 
 mother's father. 
 
 John Chandler, filled various offices of importance in the provincial 
 government of Massachusetts. Came of a family conspicuous for 
 wealth and social place. Known as "Tory John"; fled to Halifax at 
 the opening of the Revolution. 
 
 IV. THE RECORD OF SPECIAL TRAITS. 
 
 Almost every family has one or more interesting inheritable traits, 
 which can be traced through two or more generations, and a record 
 of which w'ill be of great value. The Eugenics Record Office issues 
 small blank schedules for the recording of such data. One of these is 
 reproduced below. The first line is for the name and address of the 
 person responsible for filling out the schedule. The second is for the 
 name and trait of some person in the family who serves as a starting 
 point in the description and is called "subject." The third line is for 
 the subject's address, in order that further details may be inquired into. 
 
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The Family-] lisTuKv Book. 45 
 
 The fourth and fifth Hues are for a brief record of the inheritable 
 trait as it occurs in the subject. The middle of this face of the 
 schedule is devoted to a statistical summary of the distribution of the 
 trait in the relatives of the subject; each relative or class of relatives 
 is numbered for reference to the descriptions in the lower part of the 
 schedule. Where there are two affected brothers, they may be desig- 
 nated as oa, 3b, and so on. In 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 to 20 give the number 
 of the persons who have the same trait as the subject and the number 
 who lack it. In the lower part of the schedule is given the name and 
 address of the relatives who have the same trait as the subject and a 
 brief description of the trait as it occurs in them. The last lines ask 
 for information as to consanguinity. 
 
 The obverse of the schedule is for a genealogical chart which shall 
 set forth the precise relationships of the members of the family — the 
 "subject" being designated by an index U^^. In the chart, squares 
 indicate male individuals, circles females. Symbols for brothers and 
 sisters are suspended from the same horizontal line. Consorts (i. e. 
 wives or husbands) are connected by means of single (or double) 
 oblique lines, preferably single. Any fraternity is connected with its 
 parents by a short vertical line. Individuals who bear the same trait 
 may be represented by solid black symbols ; those who show the trait, 
 but less marked, by shaded symbols. Teachers have a great oppor- 
 tunity in securing records of special traits. 
 
 In the first example given (Figs. 6 and 6a). we have in the upper 
 (first) generation two pairs of parents — each the parents of two chil- 
 dren ; the son of one of these parents married the daughter of the 
 other pair ; and the daughter of the first, the son of the second. The 
 first couple had a son with the trait in question, and he married a 
 similar. Their four children had the trait. The second couple had 
 only two children of whom the older (the daughter) married a man 
 with the trait slightly marked, whose mother was like himself, but had 
 a daughter with the trait well marked. The son of this pair had the 
 trait. 
 
 In the second example (Figs. 7 and 7a) we have in the first gen- 
 eration four pairs of parents three of which are parents of persons 
 with hare lip. In the second generation one parent has hare lip and 
 the other parent has an aflfected sister; while of the second pair of 
 parents one is known to have a first cousin with hare lip. Then a 
 generation is skipped, followed by the last generation with two out of 
 five in the fraternitv who have hare lip. 
 
n 
 
 46 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 V. RECORDS OF RECENT IMMIGRANTS. 
 
 The stream of immigrants, often amounting to thousands in one 
 day, that enters this country constitutes a great problem, inasmuch 
 as the probable nature of their germ plasm — the condition of their 
 progeny — is unknown. Nor will an inspection of the body of the immi- 
 grant enable us to decide whether he or she will produce socially 
 desirable offspring. There is only one reasonable way to keep up our 
 social standards, and that is to exclude immigrants who obviously 
 belong to bad strains. Such strains can be detected best by studies 
 made at the country of emigration. 
 
 To enforce the importance of ''blood" and family traits it is 
 desirable to study the families of recent immigrants who have arrived 
 in America during the great immigration that began in 1880 and has 
 not yet ceased. As a sort of model of such studies, of which we 
 ought to have hundreds, we reproduce a report by Rev. W. E. Daven- 
 port, Head Worker at the Italian Settlement, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 9^3 ^6^^?'^^'^$$ 
 
 2 4 6 
 
 <^6^^ ^ 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 THE A FAMILY, FROM SICILY. 
 
 Thirteen years ago, Rosario A (II, 3, Fig. 8), born 185G, 
 
 pursued in Bagheria near Palermo, Sicily, his deceased father's trade 
 of cooper. He was tall, strong, muscular and active, and had, a few 
 years before, weighed over two hundred pounds ; but he suffered 
 occasionally from early rupture. His hair and eyes were black, his 
 
The Family-History Book. 47 
 
 complexion swarthy, his forehead low and square, and his features 
 regular. 
 
 Hcononiically he was successful. He lived in his own two-storied 
 house, the lower part of which contained a wine-press and cooperage 
 shop. He made and sold much wine every Fall, employing at the 
 vintage season four or five men ; he also made casks and barrels. 
 Seven years earlier he had bought a lemon orchard for 10,000 lire, 
 hoiking that the income from it would help maintain his family. He 
 never saw army service, and was illiterate. 
 
 His blue-eyed father (I, 1) died of shock, a sudden injury, eight 
 years before, aged 65. His strong, well-preserved, devoted mother 
 (1,2), 70 years old, looked to him for support. His only brother 
 (H, 1) had married, and moved to Palermo, where he prospered in 
 the dry-goods business. Of his four sisters, all married, two w^ere 
 in fairly, prosperous circumstances. One, Pauline (n,5), born 1852, 
 is short and strong, has dark eyes and dark hair, a broad forehead and 
 regular features. She married Leonardo P. but after she was 50 years 
 old, she left him and came to Brooklyn (1905) to live with a married 
 son who was a longshoreman. 
 
 In 1877, Rosario A married Guiseppina C (n,4), of 
 
 medium height, fair complexion, brown hair and eyes. She is fond 
 of jewelry, vain of her plain looks, superstitious, prone to gossip about 
 her neighbors, shiftless and careless of her daily duties, and with an 
 unruly temper. Her father (1,3), a clerk, died young; her blue-eyed 
 mother (1,4) died of cholera in 1873. 
 
 By 1898, Rosario had met with business reverses. Owing to the 
 ravages of the Phylloxera, the wine crops for two years had failed, 
 and the dowry of 5,000 lire that he had given his eldest daughter 
 (HI, 1) on her marriage had depleted his purse; so he came with his 
 eldest son (111,8) to Brooklyn to improve his fortune. He quickly 
 found work in Arbuckle's cooperage, and about a year later his son 
 did likewise. Then, in 189D his second daughter (HI, 3) was sent for 
 to help keep the rooms and earn wages in a factory. Finally, in 1902, 
 with good work and thrift, Rosario was able to send for his wife and 
 other children except the married daughter. They arrived Feb. 23, 
 1903. Three months later Rosario was taken to the Brooklyn Hospital, 
 suffering from hernia and intestinal stricture, and was operated upon 
 successfully. But, despite the doctor's warning, he returned to work 
 too soon, his trouble recurred in a severe form, and he died, December 
 1903. With the aid of her second daughter, his wife retained her 
 
48 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 apartment and brought up her unmarried children. Stomach trouble 
 developed in 1903, diagnosed first as a tumor and, in 1905, as cancer. 
 Despite a weak heart, she worked in a factory intermittently to make 
 up her rent; but, throughout 1910, she failed rapidly, attended by a 
 nurse from the Bureau of Charities, and died the same year. 
 
 Of the children of Rosario and Guiseppina, the eldest is Guisep- 
 pina (111,1), born 1878 near Palermo, and still living there. She is 
 of medium height and has brown hair and blue eyes and regular 
 
 features. Her husband, Nicolo R (III, 2), who has simplex brown 
 
 eyes, was, at the time of their marriage, and is, a thrifty raiser of and 
 dealer in lemons. The second child is Francesca (111,3), born 1884. 
 She is of medium stature, has chestnut hair and eyes, a lighter com- 
 plexion, and regular features, and is very illiterate. Since her marriage 
 
 in 1902 to John L (HL 4). she had tubercular cysts removed from 
 
 her neck and chest. John L reached Brooklyn in 189G, from 
 
 Ponticella, near Bagheria. He is strong, of medium height, has a 
 swarthy complexion and coal-black eyes. He is illiterate but energetic, 
 honest and affectionate. Brought up in Italy as a fisherman, he here 
 first worked on the docks ; in 1901 he started to peddle fish with a 
 basket license, and later, like his brother Sebastino III, 5, (who is 
 also married and lives on Hudson Avenue, Brooklyn) he opened a 
 fish store. He improved financially, but in 1908, he was struck by a 
 falling cask on the docks, where he occasionally worked, and went to 
 the hospital with both collarbones broken. In 1911, he secured dam- 
 ages in the sum of $1,000, of which all but $450 went to lawyers and 
 witnesses. From ^larch 1911 he and his family have maintained a 
 small fish store on Atlantic Avenue, paying $53.00 rent per month, 
 and doing an unsatisfactory business. 
 
 The third child of Rosario and Guiseppina is Concetta (111,6), 
 b. 1888, a fairly strong young woman of medium height, brown hair 
 and eyes, fair complexion, and regular features except that the lower 
 jaw protrudes somewhat. She is industrious and particularly neat and 
 increasingly tasteful in the care and decoration of her rooms. She 
 suffered in 1905 from throat trouble and "nervousness" which she has 
 since overcome. From 1902 until her marriage in 1906 she was 
 
 employed in Gair's box factory. She married Alfonso A (III, 7), 
 
 b. 1889 in Cefalu. He is large-bodied, strong, has wavy brown hair 
 and brown eyes and a full face ; has good sexual habits, likes music, 
 is socially inclined and an active member of an Italia-American 
 political club. He is loyal but superstitious and lacking in initiative. 
 
THK FaM1I.V-1 llSTOKY Bt)OK. 49 
 
 reflection and mental force. He was convicted, in 1906, for taking a 
 sack of iron rivets from tlie yard of the company where he was 
 employed. A month's imprisonment strengthened a naturally good 
 inclination, or served as an efficient deterrent, but he is still liable in 
 some things to "lose his head." Suffers from hernia and has periodical 
 attacks of tonsilitis probably aggravated by the poisonous fumes in the 
 paint factory where he has been employed for the past four years. 
 He earns $12.00 per week on which he maintains his family, paying 
 $r-?.00 per month for rent. His father, Salvatore, is a tall, heavily- 
 built, gross-featured man with large hands, and curly black hair. He 
 ran a marionette theatre in 1901-3 ; bears a bad reputation and left for 
 Baltimore in 1900, under charge for betrayal of girls, both in Italy and 
 America. His wife remained in Brooklyn, living with a married 
 daughter. The children of Concetta and Alfonso are: Antoinette 
 (IV, 1), b. 1907, heavy, fair, curly brown hair, chestnut eyes, broad 
 face and forehead. Salvatore (IV^2), b. 1908, of stocky build, fair 
 skin, curly flaxen hair and broad forehead; infant, b. 1909 and died; 
 Rosario (IV, *4), b. 1911. 
 
 The fourth child of Rosario and Guiseppina is John (111,8), b. 
 1887, who came to America with his father in 1898. He is tall, with 
 blue eyes, chestnut hair, light complexion and of neat and attractive 
 appearance. He is deficient in reflection, resolution and mental force. 
 He likes reading in both English and Italian, and plays the guitar. 
 He has had bad sexual habits from boyhood, suffered in 1903 from 
 pleurisy, nervous trouble and lung weakness, but recuperated in con- 
 sequence of a summer in the country. Began factory work in 1900, 
 entered Arbuckle's sugar house in 1905, and worked there for a year. 
 Then was attacked by pneumonia, typhoid, and venereal disease and 
 sent to Cumberland Street Hospital where valvular disease of the 
 heart developed. Returned to Italy August, 1906, where he lived with 
 his oldest sister one year. Returning to Brooklyn, 1907. he first re- 
 entered the factory, but as he suffered from persistent heart weakness 
 and venereal trouble, he was unable to continue such heavy work, and 
 became a barber, in which occupation he earns five to seven dollars a 
 week, and lives in a rented room with his married sister whom he pays 
 $2.25 per month rent. He was arrested 1909 at Waterbury, Conn., 
 
 charged with interfering with the law in the case of Guiseppi A , 
 
 who was working the "film-plan game" through the state. After 3 
 weeks detention he was discharged. Became an American citizen in 
 the autumn of 1910. 
 
50 EuGiiNics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 The fifth child is Vincenzina (111,9), b. 1891. She is shght, 
 straight, under five feet tall, has grey-brown eyes, brown hair, muddy 
 complexion, low narrow forehead, high cheek bones, narrow face and 
 high occiput ; is illiterate and cannot write her name ; has an irritable 
 disposition and even when grown up would tear her hair and cry out 
 on slight provocation ; uses bad language. When 13, entered Gair's 
 box factory and was discharged for bad language ; worked for three 
 months in a private family, gaining some idea of neatness in personal 
 habits and self-control ; has since worked in various places. She be- 
 came engaged. May 1909, to Guiseppa A who was arrested in 
 
 Connecticut 1909, as stated above, and sentenced for two years. In 
 
 1910, she made the acquaintance of John M and in January 1911 
 
 secured a marriage license at the New York City Hall. This she 
 stated she regarded as a legal marriage, and lived with John M. for 
 a month in a furnished room while she continued to work in a factory 
 for $5.50 per week. J. ]\I. then left her and she secured a warrant 
 for his arrest and went to live with his parents, paying them $3.00 
 per week board from her earnings. May 1, J. M. returned to her 
 and threatened her. In an altercation, May 12, she stabbed him 
 slightly, was arrested, and held for assault, but later discharged ; while 
 John was arrested charged with seduction under promise of marriage. 
 
 The sixth child is Sabrino (111,11), b. 1893; plump and short, 
 with dark complexion, black eyes and hair, full face and attractive 
 expression. She reads and writes in Italian; worked in Gair's box 
 factory from her thirteenth year, earning $4.50 to $7.00 per week. 
 In 1908, she became engaged to Camillo M. (Ill, 12) eloped with him 
 in the summer of 1909 and married him shortly after. C. M. is tall, 
 brown-haired, illiterate, quick and attractive in manner but indisposed 
 to steady work. In Alarch, 1910, Sabrino became a mother; but her 
 child died a month later and she underwent an operation in the 
 Brooklyn Hospital and remained there until July. She has since 
 worked in the factory at $7.00 per week, but, owing to poor health 
 that requires a doctor's care, she employs herself at home making 
 ostrich feather plumes, at which she earns about $8.00, while her 
 husband, who works on the railroad, sends her monthly or semi- 
 monthly remittances. 
 
 The seventh child is Vincenzo (III, 13), b. 1894. He has abundant 
 brown hair and chestnut eves, ruddy complexion and low forehead. 
 Grew rapidly, and at fifteen, reached five feet ten. Easy-going, com- 
 panionable, strong, moderately honest and of cheerful disposition ; he 
 
The Family-History Book. 51 
 
 s^jambles inordinately and saves nothing"; attended pul)lic schools ir- 
 regularly three or four years, but cannot read or write. Found em- 
 ])loynient without working papers, IIJUU, calling himself then sixteen, 
 at the Matchless Mfg. Co., 1910, for four months and gave satisfac- 
 tion. January, 1911, handles newspapers and works thereafter ir- 
 regularly. 
 
 The eighth child is Theresa (111,14), b. 1890 and died 1898. 
 
 The ninth child is Mary (111,15), b. 1899, sHght build, brown 
 hair and eyes, fair complexion and a narrow face ; she has a good 
 disposition and is always ready to help but is slightly incapable in 
 performance ; is slow at school but is passing through the primer. 
 At her mother's death she was sent to St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, 
 
 but at Christmas time was taken out by Alfonse A to live with a 
 
 sister, since which time she has attended school irregularly. She learns 
 little at housework, but runs errands. 
 
 VI. RECORDS OF NEGRO- WHITE GROSSES. 
 
 It is desirable, from many points of view, to study the question 
 of the result of negro-white crosses — a question over which so much 
 heat has been raised. Modern studies in heredity justify the conclusion 
 that, under certain circumstances, negro-white crosses might yield, in 
 the second and third generation, some persons who had admirable 
 combination of traits, fit to take their place with the best of Caucasian 
 descent. 
 
 To test the conclusion, studies ha\-e been instituted at the Eu- 
 genics Record Office on the method of inheritance of skin color and 
 some other facial traits. The skin color was measured by the color top 
 (color mixer, made by the Milton Bradley Co., Spring^eld, Mass.), 
 by which means the proportion of black (N), red (R), yellow (Y), 
 and white (W) is quantitatively expressed. The sample selected is 
 that of a Jamaican family: The two grandparents (Gen. I) of whom 
 something is known are mulattoes or approximately so. In the second 
 generation we have children in whose skin color the percentage of 
 black varies from 10 (practically white) to 47. And in the third 
 generation (descended from 11,2 and 11,1) it varies from N 15 to 
 N 40. Thus, some of the children and grandchildren have practically 
 white skins. 
 
o2 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 A FAMILY HISTORY OF NEGRO-WHITE CROSSES FROM 
 
 JAMAICA (Fig. 9). 
 
 BY FI^ORENCE H. DAXIELSON. 
 
 Both Parents of Mixed Blood; the Fraternity Variable in Color. 
 
 I. 1. R. B., son of a mulatto woman and the son of a white 
 man and Madagascar woman; brown eyes, black (almost straight) 
 hair, skin color: N 15, R 41, Y 20, W 24. 
 
 O-tO 
 
 I r 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 
 
 "^ b 6 b 6 
 
 12 3 4 
 
 Fig. 9. 
 
 I. 2. D. D., daughter of two mulatto parents; hazel or grayish 
 eyes, hair very curly and dark brown, skin color: N 20, R 45, Y 16, 
 W 19. She and I, 1 have nine lawful children of whom 7 are described 
 below (II, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). 
 
 II. 2. R. B., hazel eyes, dark brown somewhat curly hair, skin 
 color: N 11, R 51, Y 20, W 18. Married. 
 
 II. 1. R. E., son of black woman and a quadroon man. Brown 
 eyes and nearly typical negro hair, N 25, R 37, Y 20, W 18. They have 
 four children: III, 1, 2, 3, 4. 
 
 III. 1. G. E., 10 years; dark brown eyes; curly, decidedly 
 negroid hair; skin color: N 40, R 40, Y 10, W 10. 
 
 III. 2. C. E., 8 years, light brow^n eyes, medium brown curly or 
 wavy hair, skin color: N 35, R 36, Y 15, W 14. 
 
 III. 3. L. E., 41/4 years, light brown or hazel eyes, medium 
 brown curly or wavy hair, skin color: N 15, R 51, Y 18, W 16. 
 
 III. 4. L. E., 2 years, dark brown eyes like father ; light brown 
 wavy hair, skin color like III, 3. 
 
 II. 3. H. B., at Colon, 30 years, dentist, as dark as II, 8. 
 
 II. 4. ^I. B., at Colon, 26 years; not quite as dark as II, 8, but 
 the darkest of the girls. 
 
The Famii.v-History Book. 53 
 
 11. 5. R. B., 24 years, light brown or hazel eyes, dark brown 
 very curly hair, skin color: N 17, R 44, .Y 15, W 24. 
 
 II. . (). P). B., 22 years, medium brown eyes, very curly medium 
 brown hair, skin a little tanned: N 20, R 45, Y 18, W 17. 
 
 II. 7. ]\I. B., 20 years; gray eyes; dark brown hair, very curly; 
 fairest in family, skin color: N 10, R 49, Y 16, W 25. 
 
 II. 8. L. B., 17 years, light brown eyes, almost typical hair; 
 darkest in family, skin: X 47, R 41, Y 16, W 16. 
 
 VII. RECORDS OF THE FEEBLE-MINDED AND PAUPERS. 
 
 a. THE FIELD worker's REPORT. 
 
 An important part of the investigations of our field workers has 
 been tracing the family history of the feeble-minded, including paupers. 
 To the inquiry, who are the feeble-minded? the only answer that can 
 be given is that they are the socially inadequate ; who lack one or more 
 traits that are necessary for them to take their part in forwarding the 
 world's work under the conditions of competition afforded by the 
 society in which they live. If they fail in their part they become private 
 or public charges or a social menace. 
 
 One history of a family of the feeble-minded from a rural com- 
 munity, is given, with its chart (Fig. 10), below. 
 
 FAMILY HISTORY OF EMMA H. 
 
 BY H. T. REEVES. 
 
 I. 1. William II, feebleminded (moron) lived in a little log 
 cabin on the farm belonging to the father of ]Mrs. Fannie L an old 
 
 lady living in Co.. X. J. He was sick for a long time 
 
 before he died and was "on the town." 
 
 I. 2. Annie A, wife of William, no data obtainable at present. 
 Children of William H and Annie A were: 
 
 II. 1. John H who never married; died of small pox. 
 
 II. 2. Peter H, feebleminded, who married Sarah H. Ill, 9. 
 There were no children l)y this marriage. 
 
 II. 3. George, was not bright, stuttered. Married ]\Iary D. 
 
 II. 4. Susan H, feebleminded, married Joseph H who met his 
 death accidentally by drowning. Nothing can be learned of the cause 
 of Susan's death. 
 
54 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 11. 5. William H, feebleminded, born March 12, 1819, died 
 May 8, 1869, of tuberculosis. 
 
 11. 6. Jane B, born July 23, 1822, came of low grade family, 
 living in the mountains near F . The family seems to have dis- 
 appeared. Jane was insane ; the trouble seems to have been acute 
 mania according to description. She would have periodic spells of 
 raving and finally drowned herself. The date of her death is not given 
 in the family Bible and no one whom I interviewed could enlighten me. 
 
 II. 7. Sarah B, died Jan. 31, 1850. 
 
 II. 8. Lydia B, died March 4, 1848. 
 
 III. 4. David H, first child of William H and Jane B, born 
 January 27, 1843. This old man is decidedly feebleminded and has 
 been ''on the town" once or twice, at present he is living with George 
 
 B at , N. J., and is able to do enough work about the farm 
 
 to pay for his board and clothes. David's first wife, Euphemia H has 
 been dead about 30 years. He married his second wife, Anna Jane B, 
 Jan. 14, 1909. This woman is very defective, was the widow of a man 
 by the name of W , by whom she had three children: Jennie, born 
 
 " CJC 
 
 ni 
 
 rv 
 
 ^.-..,.-a 
 
 10 11 18 
 
 Vo ^ ^ 
 
 6 8 5. -=«•' S. 9 XJ 10 11 12 
 
 1 2 l_l 3 4 
 
 8 8 U 7 8 9 
 
 I — I — r 
 y 1 8 8 
 
 10 >0 
 
 -[n] 
 
 di 6-'6'6'!75:["" 666666666 65^ 666666(i 
 
 4 X^H 5 8 7 8 9 la >» 80 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 3< 
 
 ▼1 
 
 Fig. 10. 
 
 September 9, 1887; Joseph, born Jan. 7, 1890; and Robert W , 
 
 born August 29, 1893. 
 
 David had three brothers and sisters: 111,1, Catherine Ann, 
 feebleminded, who married William W of C. She had two children, 
 
TiiK Famiuv-1 IisTokv Book. 55 
 
 one died in infancy of measles, the mother dying at nearly the same 
 time from this disease. The other child, Mary Ann, born Oct. 21, 18GI) 
 was a very tiny infant when her mother died, but lived to grow up. 
 She married a laborer by the name of James H and has had eighteen 
 children, of whom 13 have lived so far. Mary Ann's step-mother 
 declared all the children were bright with the exception of Nellie F, 
 \' 4. who went to school for thirteen years and could never learn to 
 reatl or write. Nellie is married to a man by the name of H and is 
 living out in the country somewhere. I tried to find the H family — 
 they are living in P . but as yet have not located them. 
 
 III. 2. Is John H, born April 18, 1853, the youngest of this 
 family. His mentality is better by far than that of his brother, David. 
 
 He and his family live at A . Interviewed them at suppertime. 
 
 They did not seem to be at all perturbed by my apparently inopportune 
 visit. John does not appear to be feebleminded. So far all information 
 I have been able to get concerning him has been to the effect that he 
 is "all right." His two daughters are bright girls, both of them are 
 working at present in a shirt factory in the neighborhood. The opin- 
 ions concerning John's wife all agree that "she isn't what she ought to 
 be, and leads a bad life most of the time." She is a large, fine-looking 
 woman, with a hard-featured and decidedly sensual face. She often 
 has deserted John and lived for varying lengths of time with other 
 men. but John has always taken her back when she has returned from 
 these expeditions, thereby showing much patience or much indift'erence 
 — it is difficult to tell which. 
 
 HI. 3. Is George H, born December 21, 1846. He died when 
 he was a small boy. 
 
 As has been stated, David III, 4 married Euphemia H who comes 
 
 of low stock. ]\Irs. L of N G told me much concerning her 
 
 pedigree : The earliest known ancestor was Henry H, who came of 
 
 good family. The H 's of the present day are normal, wcU- 
 
 respected persons of affairs in the community. Henry married Old Sal 
 
 I, 4 who came of a tribe of mountaineers called B. Whether this was 
 
 a surname or nickname the old people of N G would not tell 
 
 me. After Henry's death, Old Sal who was feebleminded lived with a 
 negro by the name of P. By him she had two halfbreed sons. Coon 
 
 II, 11 and Jack II, 12. These two boys were the terror of the neighbor- 
 hood on account of their criminalistic tendencies, and both served terms 
 in state's prison. H H and S B had one son who was deficient, Peter 
 11,9. He married Kate G, who was also feebleminded and a sex pervert 
 
56 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 as well. Their children were of varying degrees of deficiency as 
 follows : 
 
 III. 6. William Henry, feebleminded, very little is known of 
 this man as he died years ago. It is supposed that he never married. 
 
 III. T. Elisha, very deficient indeed; he never married but was 
 the father of a child born to his sister Kate Ann, III, 8, who was also 
 of extremely low^ mental grade. It is just possible that the existence 
 of this child may be traced. It was born in the H county poor- 
 house about thirty years ago. 
 
 III. 9. Sarah who married Peter H. 
 
 III. 10. Susan, feebleminded, who never married. 
 
 III. 11. Jesse who was "lacking" but who had sense enough to 
 steal his sister Euphemia's savings and decamp. He is supposed to be 
 still living somewhere in the middle West. 
 
 Hi. 5. Euphemia was next to the youngest. She was not very 
 feebleminded, but was decidedly a "little off." She never could learn 
 to count, even though Mrs. L's children tried hard to teach her. She 
 was in the home of Mrs. E for about seven years and married David 
 H, August 30, 1868. Her first child IV, 5 William is feehlcminded, 
 and has the reputation of being the village fool. (b. Oct. 9, 1869.) 
 
 IV. 6. Charles E, born Xov. 26, 1871. This man is said to be 
 "all right" by those who have known him all his life. He is a pleasant 
 looking man, vigorous and does not show any stigmata of anv sort. 
 He is extremely shiftless and lazy, how^ever, is a tenant farmer but all 
 the buildings and implements about the little farm he has rented 
 showed neglect. There is nothing about his appearance that reminds 
 one at all of his father, "Old Dave" ; it is quite possible considering 
 the loose morals of his mother who "went after the men" that his 
 parentage is not what it is supposed to be. At all events he is a border- 
 line case undoubtedly, as is also his wife, Rose C, a cheerful, loquacious 
 person who was ready to show off her brood of nine dirty, noisy, ill- 
 kept children. The oldest child is 12 years old. It will take some time 
 before their mentalitv can be determnied, but I learned their names 
 and ages. 
 
 George, was away at w'ork ; b. 1899. 
 
 Stella, also away at w^ork, b. 1900. 
 
 Mildred, b. 1903. 
 
 Florence, b. 1904. 
 
 Irene, b. 1906. 
 
 Rilly, Irene's tv/in sister. 
 
 V. 
 
 19. 
 
 V. 
 
 20. 
 
 V. 
 
 21. 
 
 V. 
 
 22. 
 
 V. 
 
 23. 
 
 V. 
 
 24. 
 
The Famha'-Historv Book. 57 
 
 V. 25. John. b. lOOr. 
 
 \'. 20. Wilhelmina, b. IDOl). 
 
 \'. 27. Ruth, b. 1910. 
 
 Going back to the fourth generation, IV, 7 is Jane, who died at 
 the age of two years, and I\', 8 is Alva L, who died in infancy. IV, 9 
 is Emma who is at the State Institution in Vineland. She was born 
 Dec. 18, 1879. Has proved to be a trainable case. Helps in the dining 
 roon], is a member of the gymnasium class, etc. 
 
 I\'. lU. Is Ben, who has not yet been interviewed. He was 
 born Oct. 2, 1881, and has so many pecularities of temper he may be 
 justly classed with his feebleminded brothers and sisters. He is of a 
 wandering disposition and finds it hard to stick to one job for any 
 length of time. In 1906 he married Minnie B and is living with his 
 three small children somewhere near C. 
 
 Annie, the youngest child of David and Euphemia was born 
 March 15, 1886. She is another borderline case; is quite pretty and 
 shows no noticeable defect though she is reported to be rather "soft 
 and silly and not very bright." She married Charles H, a normal man 
 and has seven children who offered a pleasing contrast to those of 
 Elwood and Rose, even though they were almost as dirty and neglected 
 
 John Sharp AI H, b. June 14, 1901. 
 
 :\Iarion M, b. June 8, 1902. 
 
 Charles, b. Oct. 30, 1903. 
 
 Raymond, b. Nov. 8, 1905. 
 
 Walter, b. Feb. 3, 1907. 
 
 Roy, b. April 19, 1908. 
 
 Elizabeth, b. Feb. 23, 1911. 
 Charles H, IV, 12, comes of good parentage, his father is William 
 H who has been blind for fifteen years, his mother I\', 13 was Mary B 
 who is perfectly normal as far as the character of feeblemindedness 
 is concerned and comes of normal stock. 
 
 I\'. 12. William H, is related distantly. 
 
 b. DESCRIPTION OF A FAMILY OF THE FEEBLE-MINDED. 
 
 A fragment to illustrate the style of description suitable for 
 publication. 
 
 This fragment is of the Xam family, of which over 800 persons 
 are known, and have been analyzed (Fig. 10). 
 
 looking. 
 
 
 V. 
 
 31. 
 
 A'. 
 
 32. 
 
 V. 
 
 33. 
 
 V. 
 
 34. 
 
 V. 
 
 35. 
 
 V. 
 
 36. 
 
 V. 
 
 37. 
 
I 
 
 rO' 
 
 ■U 
 
The Family-History Book. 59 
 
 THE NAM FAMILY. 
 (CoinpUcd from Data Gathered by Dr. A. H. Bstabrook.) 
 
 From I, 1 were derived two sons and a daughter (II, 1, 3, 4). 
 
 One son (II, 1), an incapable pauper, broke into a store in F , for 
 
 which he served a term in state's prison. The other son (11,3) was 
 an indigent woodsman. The daughter (11,4) was chaste, self- 
 esteeming, civil and neat; she died in 1865 of old age. 
 
 II. 1 married an unambitious, alcoholic and doubtless deficient 
 woman and had by her three children. Of these, III, 1, was lazy and 
 alcoholic. He got a pension as an ex-soldier in the Civil War, and was 
 a pauper receiving out-door aid ; died of cerebral hemorrhages. He 
 married III, 2, licentious in youth and alcoholic, who bore him eight 
 children (IV, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15) all of Nam Hollow. The first, 
 IV, 2, was a suspicious, causationless, alcoholic harlot who married a 
 cousin (R^, 1), a slow, unambitious, honest, chaste, illiterate man, 
 equipped with a good memory but of no initiative or reasoning power ; 
 a pauper living in a shack in Nam Hollow ; a man derived from an 
 honest father but slattern mother, and of low stock. She, IV, 2, died 
 in 1907 of pleuropneumonia. The progeny, which will be described 
 under Line E were all typical Nams, indolent and unable to learn at 
 school, the men alcoholic and the women harlots. 
 
 The next, IV, 3, was an indolent, inefficient, alcoholic, illiterate 
 man, who lived in N. H. successively with 2 women; had three children, 
 and died in 1903 of dropsy. He had by IV, 4, a harlot who died of 
 tuberculosis in 1893, two children, V, 1, of whom the latter died young. 
 Their mother's fraternity, of Canadian origin, was not without me- 
 chanical ability, but full of licentiousness. The son. V, 1, though 
 licentious, showed the influence of the outside blood in his ambition, 
 temperance, and pride in his personal appearance. The other woman, 
 IV, 5. was a cousin, incapable of learning, indolent, alcoholic, and a 
 harlot. She was in the House of Refuge for Women, w^here her child 
 was born, in a number of other correctional institutions, in various 
 houses of prostitution ; cohabited with an Italian in New York, where 
 she contracted syphilis, and died in 1908 of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 This belongs to one of the worst strains of the Nams, which we shall 
 consider later. The ten-year old son of this pair, V, 47, is a stubborn, 
 uncontrollable mischief-maker who ran away from the orphan asylum 
 where he had been placed. The next member of the Nam fraternity, 
 rV, Tv, is active, industrious, ingenious, somewhat ambitious but an 
 
60 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 alcoholic man who married his cousin, IV, 7, a woman whose sense 
 of causation is absent, has hysteria, is called "crazy," and has received 
 temporary aid during four years, and has lived in the county house 
 almost continuously from 1894 to 1902. Died, 1905, of pleurisy. Her 
 fraternity shows typical Nam laziness, together with much taciturnity. 
 From this pair came six offspring, of which two died soon after birth. 
 The eldest son, V, 4, was lazy and unambitious, disorderly when intoxi- 
 cated, and has cohabited with his equally disorderly and alcoholic 
 sister and has had by her two children, who were both destroyed by 
 the mother at birth. There remains a Nam-like, alcoholic son, V, 6, 
 who works rather steadily at wood-chopping. He has cohabited for 
 the past seven years with his cousin, V, 7, an active, talkative but 
 mentally retarded girl, with complex sex relations. Of their four 
 children, all born in Nam Hollow, one died at six months, the others 
 (6 to 3 years old) are shy and slow. We come now to: 
 
 I^^ 8 with the slow, unambitious, quiet traits of most Nams. 
 Though alcoholic, he is a good worker and with the help of his son, 
 IV, 19, has recently completed a new house. He married a cousin, 
 IV, 9, (sister of 7, described a few lines above; slow, listless, shy, 
 taciturn, unambitious, illiterate, eccentric, like her sister at times) and 
 had by her nine children of whom 5 died young. The first, V, 14, b. 
 1879, has some of the best traits of this line; active, industrious, neat, 
 orderly, she has the impulse to do well and lives in much better cir- 
 cumstances than others in the Hollow. By V, 13, an indolent, unambi- 
 tious, alcoholic, licentious man w'ho later deserted her, and served a 
 prison term for non-support, she had three children, of whom one girl 
 has the mental and moral traits of her mother ; the other girl at 13 is 
 feebleminded, licentious and intemperate, while the 8 year old boy is 
 lagging, careless and always in mischief, and runs away from home. 
 The second of the fraternity (V, 15, b. 1885) is indolent and un- 
 ambitious, did poorly at school is mildly intemperate and licentious 
 at times. Married a cousin. The next, V, 17, b. 1887, is a Nam-Hke 
 alcoholic, licentious male ; a stammerer and a fitful worker ; he recently 
 married a feebleminded cousin. Finally, V, 19 is an active, industrious, 
 thrifty, temperate and somewhat chaste young man who owns a pair 
 of horses and helped his father build a house. 
 
 To go back a generation, we come next to IV, 10, b. 1860, lazy, 
 died of tuberculosis, 1880. Then comes IV, 11, a Nam-like male, 
 alcoholic and formerly licentious, married to a cousin IV, 12, who is 
 active, industrious, unambitious and irascible, does house work and 
 
The Famh.v-IIistuky Book. G1 
 
 earns all. that is brought into the family ; a harlot and alcoholic. Lives 
 
 in poverty in a hovel near A . Of nine children, seven (V, 20-2GJ 
 
 survive. We have now by inbreeding defectives reached nearly a 
 pure tvpe. The six sons are practically all alike in showing the typical 
 Nam traits, including alcoholism and (with possibly two exceptions) 
 licentiousness. The only daughter, b. 1887, is feebleminded, has com- 
 mitted incest with her brothers, and has an illegitimate daughter, 5 
 years old, slow and bashful. Next comes IV, 13, b. 1850, an indus- 
 trious, ingenious man of irascible temper and considerable mechanical 
 ability, though with little ambition. Always poor, he had 8 children 
 by three women, and died in 1901 of pneumonia. He first married his 
 cousin, IV, 14j an indolent, indigent harlot, who died 1887, of uterine 
 liemorrhage. She belongs to a large fraternity of Line E, of whom 
 the majority are slow, unindustrious and licentious, although there are 
 striking exceptions. Of their four children the first is slow, deficient 
 in causation, illiterate ; lives in poverty and squalor, taking in washing 
 for a living. She married, but soon left him to marry her cousin, 
 V, 27, a feebleminded, licentious drunkard, of a licentious strain. 
 She has 3 miscarriages and three sons (b. 1885 and 1890) all unambi- 
 tious, alcoholic and licentious, and all living in poverty at I. The next 
 child is V, 29. He gets industry, ingenuousness and mechanical ability 
 from his father's side ^( or both sides) of the house. His marital rela- 
 tions are complicated. He married his cousin, V, 30, (as described) 
 to legitimatize her feebleminded daughter; then left her and married 
 \\ 31 by whom he had -l children (VI, 18-21) ; then abandoned her, 
 went to the western part of the state and there cohabited with his 
 stepmother, \', 32 and had an illegitimate child by her in 1911. His 
 principal wife, (V, 31), was active, busy, orderly, neat, good-natured, 
 neither loquacious nor taciturn, but a harlot. Besides V, 29, she has 
 lived with VI, 303, and has had an illegitimate child besides ; is now 
 tubercular; lives in New York. Of their four children, 3 died in in- 
 fancy of alimentary diseases. The 13 year old son is doing fair work 
 in school, is taciturn and unambitious. His sex instincts have not yet 
 broken into flame. V, 33 has also mechanical ability but lack of train- 
 ing. He is quiet, shy, taciturn and licentious; works on a farm in 
 
 B . V, 35 is industrious and fairly capable in housework. Married 
 
 at 1(3 and had 8 children, of whom 5 died in infancy and two are 
 feebleminded; the other is an infant. 
 
 Finally, IV, 15, is a steady but unambitious worker, a Civil War 
 veteran, who was always poor, married a cousin, IV, 16, and died 1881, 
 
62 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 of cancer of the stomach. She was slow, careless, indififerent, sub- 
 missive, causationless, unambitious, without initiative, and alcoholic. 
 She had 8 children (VI, 133-40) by IV, 15, and one by IV, 13, which 
 latter was Nam-like, alcoholic and licentious. IV, 16 is still living in 
 Nam Hollow on a widow's pension of $12 monthly, town aid, and 
 basketmaking. Of the children, V, 45 died at 2 days and V, 46 at 3 
 weeks. Y, 37, b. 1870, N. H., is slow, lazy, disorderly, alcoholic, 
 entirely lacking in causation, licentious in youth, deaf. Does washing 
 and basketmaking, and lives in squalor in a hovel. She married V, 36, 
 a quick, industrious, dishonest, untruthful, alcoholic and licentious man 
 who is careful in his work, but careless in other things. His fraternity 
 carries a history of licentiousness. One of them, IV, 4, we have 
 already become acquainted with as the consort of IV, 3. Of their 12 
 children, three died early (still-born), two are still young. Of the 
 remaining seven, two boys are capable of learning and are, so far, 
 chaste ; two boys are Nam-like, alcoholic, licentious, feebleminded and 
 vone of them married his cousin in 1911; one boy of 10 years is an 
 apathetic idiot, can neither talk nor walk, being ataxic. He has had 
 several epileptic seizures since he was one year old, and needs institu- 
 tion care. The elder girl is a feebleminded Nam, has had an illegiti- 
 mate child, and has since married the father. The younger girl, b. 
 1888 in N. H., is of special interest, for, when ygung, she was adopted 
 and reared by a good family in B. She could not advance at school, 
 and is lazy and shiftless, though chaste. When away in Vermont 
 where she now lives, married though childless, she dresses neatly ; but 
 when in N. H. she reverts to old slack and slovenly ways ; such is the 
 influence of an improved environment. 
 
 VIII. RECORDS OF EPILEPSY. 
 
 The studies that have been made upon epilepsy indicate that there 
 is usually, if not always, an hereditary weakness or tendency to the 
 disease. The symptoms consist of a disturbance of movements and 
 unconsciousness, of which the commonest forms are violent or slight 
 loss of coordination in either general movements or special muscles. 
 In psychic epilepsy there is merely a loss of consciousness usually 
 lasting a few seconds. 
 
 The conditions besides convulsions and loss of consciousness which 
 should be carefully noted are : insanity, in different forms, migraine, 
 hysteria, chorea, fainting spells, alcoholism, syphilis and tuberculosis. 
 
The Famiuy-History Book. 
 
 63 
 
 In inquiring- as to inciting causes or incidental phenomena, ask 
 about maturity at birth and the nature of the mother's labor ; spasms 
 in infancy; teething; injuries to head or spine; and about acute in- 
 fectious fevers of childhood. 
 
 STUDY OF AN EPILEPTIC FAMILY (Fig. 12). 
 
 In a little wooden shack, on a mountain side in Northern New 
 Jersey, with little furniture and that of the poorest sort, lived, some 
 
 1 Ora OrO 
 
 1— J . 12 
 
 r a i 
 
 6, 6Mi>=fi' 6 6 
 
 **=*p-V^ 3 6 7 8 
 
 4 
 
 IV 
 
 2 4 
 
 ^6 
 
 5 '6 
 
 6 7 11 
 
 Fig. 13. 
 
 years ago, a man and his wife. The man, II, 6, who belonged to old 
 Jersey stock, was shiftless and not infrequently lived for a time in 
 the poorhouse. He was, moreover, a laudanum fiend and is said to 
 have consumed it in large quantities ; and he finally died of tuberculosis. 
 One of his sisters, II, 9, was a harlot and had at least three illegitimate 
 children who grew up. Nothing is known about his parents except 
 that his father is said to have been "queer.'' His wife (11,3), who 
 still survives, is one of three children, of whom one died in youth, 
 and the other is unknown. She, herself, is without industry or order- 
 liness ; clearly mentally defective. She is also an epileptic and has 
 fainting spells which she feels coming on, then screams and faints 
 away. This couple had seven children; concerning three there is little 
 definite information. Of the four others the eldest, a girl, (111,10, 
 b. 187G), is feebleminded and epileptic. She married a lazy, shiftless, 
 alcoholic fellow, 111,11, who has deserted his wife and three young 
 children. The next girl, (III, 14, b. at L. 1870), about whom something 
 is known is likewise feebleminded and, after living for a time in the 
 poorhouse was ''placed out," but where she is not even her mother 
 knows. At least one of those with whom she was placed sent her 
 ])ack to the poorhouse. The elder boy, (III, 15, b. at \', 1892), had 
 
64 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 convulsions shortly before the age of puberty; was "placed out" for 
 a time and has now found his way to a School for Feebleminded 
 Children. The younger boy, b. 1894, began to have convulsions when 
 six years old and he has now found his proper place at the Skillman 
 Village for Epileptics.. 
 
 IX. RECORDS OF THE INSANE. 
 
 Hospitals for the Insane are aware that their Family Histories 
 are quite inadequate — or even false. Careful inquiries made of the 
 families at home reveal an unexpected abundance of mental weakness 
 and aberration. 
 
 The following "Guide to Analysis of Personality" has been drawn 
 up by Dr. Amsden and by Dr. August Hoch, Director of the State 
 Psychiatric Institute at Ward's Island, X. Y. It will be found us'eful 
 by the field worker in pursuit of her investigations. 
 
 a. GUIDE TO ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY: 
 drs. geo. s. amsdex and alxust hoch. 
 
 (1) Intellectual Ability 
 
 Ability to learn ; how hard did patient have to work in 
 
 school? Teachers' statements and school reports. 
 How capable in positions 
 ^Memory 
 
 Fund of information 
 Power of concentration 
 Power of observation 
 
 (2) Output of Energy in Work and Play 
 
 Lively, active, pushing 
 Sluggish, inactive, lazy 
 Talkative 
 Quiet 
 
 (3) Habits of Activity 
 
 Systematic, orderly, punctual, definiteness of purpose 
 
 Desultory 
 
 Demand for precision, consistency 
 
 Efficiency — how responsibility is carried 
 
 Practical or not 
 
TiiE Famiuy-Histoky Book. (J5 
 
 (4) Moral Standards 
 
 Trutli fulness, honesty, conscientiousness, or tendency to 
 shirk 
 
 (5) General Cast of Mood 
 
 Stable, variable 
 
 Superficial, deep 
 
 Cheerful, optimistic, sense of humor 
 
 Depressive, despondent, anxious, crying easily* moody, with 
 
 samples of what kind of things caused worry. 
 Irritable temper 
 Indifferent, placid, phlegmatic 
 
 (6) Attitude Towards Self 
 
 Conceit 
 
 Ability, or inability to see mistakes 
 
 Feeling different from others 
 
 Self-depreciation 
 
 Self -consciousness 
 
 Scruples 
 
 (7) Attitude Towards Others 
 
 Sympathetic, kindhearted, aft'ectionate 
 
 Generous 
 
 Selfish 
 
 How does he feel the world treats him? 
 
 Suspicious 
 
 Jealous 
 
 Sensitive — what about? 
 
 Resentful, forgiving — Topics 
 
 Irritability, temper — Topics 
 
 Forward 
 
 Bashful 
 
 What did other children think of him? 
 
 Liked or disliked by others 
 
 (S) Reaction to Attitude Towards Self and Others 
 
 Frankness — Does informant know patient's inner life? 
 
 Demonstrative 
 
 Tendency to unburden 
 
 Reticence 
 
 Tendency to seclusiveness 
 
 Brooding — Topics 
 
QQ Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Fault finding 
 
 Reaction to sensitiveness, jealousy and suspiciousness 
 
 Demand for sympathy 
 
 How are disappointments taken? 
 
 (9) Self Assertion 
 
 How much efifort does the patient habitually make to shape 
 
 things or does he allow himself to be carried along? 
 ^dependent or dependent on opinion of others 
 Leader or led 
 How manage difficulties? 
 Ambitious 
 Plucky 
 
 (10) Adaptability 
 
 How obedient? 
 
 Ability to get along with other children (natural play), or 
 
 with people in older years 
 Sociable 
 
 Did patient make friends, get readily acquainted? 
 Ability to take advice 
 Stubborn 
 Opinionated 
 
 (11) Position Towards Reality 
 
 Did patient take things as they are? 
 
 Phantastic 
 
 Day dreaming 
 
 (12) Sexual Sphere 
 
 How much occupied with question 
 
 In awe of it, or afraid of it, or how was patient's attitude 
 
 towards it? 
 Frank or especially secretive about it 
 Bashful in presence of other sex, or forward 
 Longings 
 
 Reaction to sexual desires 
 Prudishness 
 
 (13) Balancing Factors 
 
 Religion, interests 
 
 How much satisfaction does patient get from what he does? 
 
 Ideals 
 
The Familv-IIistory Book. 67 
 
 TABLE OF FORMS OF INSANITY. 
 
 (The foUoziing terms should not be used to replace description.) 
 
 I Organic 
 
 (Accompanying syphilis) 
 
 1. General paralysis — paresis 
 
 2. Brain syphilis 
 
 (Accompanying alcohol) 
 
 3. Delirium tremens 
 
 4. x\lcoholic dementia — chronic alcoholic psychoses 
 
 ( Accompanying arterio-sclerosis ) 
 
 0. Arteriosclerotic insanity 
 
 6. Dementia paralytica 
 
 (Accompanying the general deterioration of old age) 
 
 7. Senile dementia 
 
 II Functional 
 
 1. jNIanic-depressive insanity 
 
 hypermania 
 recurrent mania 
 melancholia 
 involutional psychoses 
 puerperal psychoses 
 
 2. Dementia praecox 
 
 3. Paranoid states (usually combined with 1 or 2) 
 
 Equivalents: Disturbed emotional states; e. g. excessive anger, 
 fear, secretiveness, suspicion, jealousy, piety, hilarity, general irrita- 
 bility, obstinacy, cruelty, egotism. 
 
 Periodic mental disturbances: sick headaches (migraine), fugue, 
 dipsomania (sprees). 
 
 Note if states are recurrent or progressive. 
 
 b. RECORD OF THE C FAMILY, WITH .MUCH 
 
 INSANITY (Fig. 13). 
 
 BY RUTH S MOXCEV. 
 
 I. 1. James D. C . born in M , Oct. 10, 1804, died of 
 
 insanity, Apr. 20, 18G4. He was a conscientious man, inclined to be 
 hyper-religious, but not so severely as to let religion interfere with 
 
68 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Di-O 
 
 1 2 
 
 " '^ 
 
 5 
 
 D 
 
 ij I I k _10 U 18 13 14 15 16 
 8246 
 
 7 8 
 
 12 3 4 6 \\j 7 8 9 10 11 12 
 3 c- > 
 
 8291 
 
 Fig. 13. 
 
 his activity and daily work. On Sundays his religious demonstration 
 
 was so violent that the young people of M were said frequently 
 
 to attend church from curiosity to see what he would do. ''One time 
 he burst the pew door open and sprang suddenly into the aisle ; 
 he was always making himself noticeable for the way in which 
 he 'got religion.' " He was also a week-day curiosity, though no one 
 
 has said why. By telling of some "graft" connected with the M 
 
 poor-farm that had come to his knowledge, he incurred the anger of 
 an overseer who was probably reaping some benefit from the graft. 
 When the latter heard that James had exposed the afifair publicly 
 
 on ]\I wharves where he often went fishing, he called at James' 
 
 house and threatened him for having told. James was much agitated, 
 and worried so much over the matter that he finally went to bed ill. 
 He soon went violently insane, and died in the course of a week. 
 
 I. 2. On Nov. 29, 1827, he had married Susan R , also born 
 
 in M . She was also insane upon religion. She had melancholia, 
 
 and feared that she might not be good enough to go to Heaven when 
 she died ; she often cried and moaned over this. Mental trouble came 
 on so gradually that some did not consider it as such until the last 
 four or five years of her life ; but all agree that she was unduly con- 
 cerned about her life, and worried over little or nothing for a period 
 
 of ten or twelve years before her death, on Jan. 1891 in ^l . She 
 
 had eleven children : 
 
The Family-History Book. 69 
 
 IT. 1. James D. C , b. Feb. 20, 1821), in M , married 
 
 Hannah T , also of M . There were no children. The wife is 
 
 still livini^^. but as she has had several paralytic shocks, she is unal^le 
 to give any information. James D. is said to be a very rigid old- 
 fashioned Baptist. Relatives say that he was subject to religious 
 melancholia, similar to, tho less intense than, that of his mother. He 
 was a shoemaker, but he sat and dreamed over his work. "He held a 
 shoe in one hand, and in the other he held a Bible instead of the 
 necessary hammer." He was never an active man, but was not as 
 "gone on religion" as was his father. He died in Salem Hospital 
 Apr. 2T, 1904, of exhaustation — fracture of the thigh, said by rela- 
 tives to have been caused by a fall wdien getting out of bed. 
 
 H. 3. John C , b. Dec. 2, 1830, and d. May 10, 1893, of 
 
 pneumonia and diarrhoea, at C , Mass., where he had been a nurse 
 
 in the Soldiers' Home. He had been temporarily insane at various 
 times from the age of 50 and possibly earlier. Many never knew 
 much of this trouble, for J. C. seemed to know when it was coming 
 on, and just what to do for himself when in this condition. A change 
 of place or occupation seemed to help him, and he took care to keep 
 his hands and mind occupied as fully as possible. He also suffered 
 from melancholia. 
 
 H. 4. Elizabeth D , his wife, d. age 53-4, of pulmonary 
 
 tuberculosis. They had five children : 
 
 ni. 1. Lizzie, d. inf. 
 
 HI. 2. Emily, d. Tb., May 18, 1786, age 18-10-13.=^ 
 
 HI. 3. Etta (Marietta), unmar., d. April 11, 1889, age 29-7-14, 
 of phthisis. 
 
 HI. 4. Annie, d. inf. 
 
 HI. 5. Leonard, married a Swedish woman, li\es ^I , has 
 
 3 children. 
 
 II. 5. Susan C , b. 1832, d. 1839. 
 
 II. (;. Thomas R. C (father of No. 8291, and bro. of No. 
 
 •J2[2) b. Aug. 23, 1834, in M , d. Dec. 21, 1904, of pleurisy. Shoe- 
 maker l)y trade. His wife says that he was a nervous man, always 
 very frail. He was taken ill with pleurisy one day and died the next 
 at 4 P. M. 
 
 II. ;. Susan C his wife, and mother of case No. 8291, is 
 
 living at No. 4 . M . She is an irritable but kindly 
 
 * Years — months — days. 
 
70 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 woman; noted for her religious fickleness and zeal. She has been 
 Baptist, Mormon, and has been in street parades with a tambourine 
 for the Salvation Army. Her cautiousness is at times absurd. She 
 did not tell the physicians in the hospital of a serious blow her son 
 received on the head from a fall a short time previous to his being 
 sent to the hospital, for fear that they might wish to "have some sort 
 of an operation to see if that was what caused his mental trouble." 
 She is at first suspicious, but can be won to give confidence, tho she 
 worries afterward for fear she has said too much. She has friends 
 whom she trusts implicitly, and her suspicious caution toward others 
 whom she does not favor, seems never to be entertained towards 
 friends. She takes "summer folk" to room with her at the beach, and 
 she has for some years taken "fresh air" children, tho she has not 
 done that recently as she is becoming too elderly to care for them. 
 She has an eccentric habit of leaving her housework and walking the 
 streets or visiting neighbors at meal time and taking the key with her 
 so that her husband upon his return would find the house locked and 
 no meals prepared. She says that her eyes will not allow her to work, 
 but told of reading a novel until midnight. She had 3 children and 
 two miscarriages : 
 
 III. 8. (No. 8291) Foster C , b. Jan. 11, 1869, in :M . 
 
 Admitted to hospital June 13, 1896, age 27, machinist, unmarried. 
 Primary Dementia. "Confusion, disorientation, auditory hallucina- 
 tions, hyper-religiosity, mutism, tendon reflex exaggerated, irritability, 
 incoherence, psychomotor excitement, violent acts, motor restlessness, 
 negativisim, masturbation, violent threats, stupor." Physicians certif: 
 "Excited, dangerous, violent. Of late he has become more violent, 
 and has escaped from home several times, causing disturbance in the 
 street. While in bed, used profane language; said he had given up 
 religion and gone to swearing." Note of May 22, 1911 : "An exam, 
 of chest at time of transfer to T. B. showed no signs; patient began 
 to gain flesh and eat better immediately upon going out, and has 
 continued to gain up to the present time, weighing now about 140 lb.. 
 Mental condition unchanged. Sits about with his head bowed, talking 
 to himself. When questioned, answers in a quick, peculiar voice." 
 He was working on a stationary engine, in connection with the laying 
 of some street sewers in Feb., previous to his confinement in June. 
 
 His work was in ^I . One night he stayed overtime because the 
 
 man who should have relieved him was intoxicated. He became very 
 weary, and finally when he was relieved, he slipped on an icy side-walk, 
 
III. 
 
 11 
 
 II. 
 
 10. 
 
 II. 
 
 11. 
 
 II. 
 
 12. 
 
 The Family-Histokv Book. 71 
 
 striking- his licad so severel}- that he "saw stars" for some time; he 
 was not certain that he was unconscious at all, and as soon as he got 
 up, he started for his home in M , some miles distant. 
 
 III. 8. George S C ■, b. March 28, 1872; and d. Jul^ 
 
 25, 1872. ^I record gives cause: "Infantile." 
 
 III. 9. Miscarriage, 3 mo. "Went for a carriage ride, and 
 came home sick." 
 
 III. 10. Frederick B C , b. M , Jan. 28, 187G; d. 
 
 Feb. 4, 1877, of diphtheria. 
 
 Miscarriage, 2 mo. from cleaning house. 
 
 Joseph C , b. Sept. 28, 183G ; d. Sept. 2G, 1837. 
 
 Joseph C , b. Oct. 19, 1838; d. Aug. 30, 1839. 
 
 (No. 9242) Joseph C , b. Aug. 8, 1841; admitted to 
 
 hospital Oct. 19, 1898 ; shoemaker, unmarried. Diag. : Primary 
 Dementia — Physical deformity (has a shoemaker's deformity of the 
 lower end of the sternum.) ; dementia, disorientation, hernia, visual 
 hallucinations, heredity, incoherence, mannerisms, sunstroke, suicidal 
 acts, obscenity, motor restlessness, varicose veins, reflex changes, exag- 
 gerated. Physician's certificate: "Attempted- suicide more than 25 
 years since. Said he did not feel well ; does not drink much water ; 
 did not think the water in the well was fit to use in watering plants ; 
 sat still and talked ; had used obscene and insulting language towards 
 dififerent individuals ; wandered about the streets at night. No change 
 in mental and physical condition in past 25 years." Patient is still 
 in this hospital ; used to work on the ward, but does nothing now. 
 Talks to himself continually. Knows the name of the President of 
 the U. S. and knows that hospital has a new superintendent this spring. 
 
 II. 13. Susan C , b. Oct. 8, 1843; d. Nov. 16, 1844. 
 
 II. 14. Samuel R. C , b. Oct. 8, 1846; d. Sept. IG, 1847. 
 
 II. 15. Mary Susan C (now Mrs. Philip C , No. 33 
 
 , M ). She is decidedly a psychopathic personality. She 
 
 has mannerisms, is very suspicious, untruthful, and in a minute forgets 
 what she has told so that, by cross-questioning, one can obtain some 
 things from her. As soon as some of her family come into the room 
 she ceases telling what is incorrect, and when she sees that others are 
 willing to talk, she sits as if she had been eager to be of service from 
 the first, and begins to talk incessantly, but cautiously withholding 
 
 facts. Have often met her in the streets in ^l ; she walks rapidly 
 
 with her head down, and a sidewise glance from under her lowered 
 brow is taking in everything, tho she apparently thinks no one knows 
 
72 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 she is looking. She always endeavors to get past without salutation 
 (and she seems to do this with all she meets on the street) ; but w^hen 
 spoken to, she looks up and responds in the same words, then hurries 
 on head down. She did not marry until middle age. Her husband, an 
 
 'old soldier, a cripple, cooks in a good "sea-food" restaurant in M . 
 
 II. IG. Edward D. C , b. Apr. 11, 1840 and d. Sept. 4, 1849. 
 
 II. 8. (No. 746) Nicholas F. P : 
 
 Susan C. P , the mother of the patient (Case No. 8291), has 
 
 also a brother in hospital (746, 228) ; age at last admit., 35 ; age at 2nd 
 admit., 47; Apr. 11, 1882; assigned cause, intemperance, but no 
 diagnosis appears. History at that time by sister: "Patient is of fair 
 mental capacity; no religious belief; common school education; cheer- 
 ful disposition and industrious habits ; shoemaker ; for two years has 
 been a hard worker; one uncle died from brain softening; no history 
 of hereditary insanity; is said to have enjoyed good physical health 
 with the exception of partial sunstroke received some years ago. In 
 June, the patient, after a long debauch, became very apprehensive ; 
 expressed delusions of persecution ; said he heard people about his 
 house, and refused to go out for fear of injury. After a week of 
 absentation from drink, became better and returned to work. Began 
 drinking and soon began to complain of headache and to exhibit de- 
 lusions of fear. For six weeks has been actively deluded, imagining 
 himself an object of persecution by the liquor sellers of the town. 
 Has refused to go out of the house and has eaten and slept irregularly ; 
 no attempt at self-injury has been made. Thinks the rum sellers have 
 put him down as a 'spotter.' " June 14, 1882, discharged as recovered. 
 He was returned in ^larch 22, 1894. Physician's certificate: "He has 
 been insane for 15 years, and has lately become violent at times." 
 Hospital rec. : "Alcohol, apprehensiveness, dementia, allopsychic de- 
 lusion, exaltation, auditory hallucinations, indifference, incoherence, 
 mannerisms, violent acts." Hospital : "Since note of March 26, 1905, 
 the patient is reported continually as a tidy, useful person, well oriented, 
 contented to stay here." He was married some time between the two 
 
 commitments ; his record says that he had been an inmate of the ]M 
 
 almshouse for many years. His sister Susan says that one child was 
 b. to him thru his marriage to Adeline S : 
 
 III. 12. George, d. age 6-7 years in L . The child as de- 
 scribed was born with a tumor in his back, one joint of his spine was 
 missing and this bunch was there in place of it. 
 
The Family-History Book. 73 
 
 The sister who gave the history of 2nd admit, said that ''Father 
 died of lieart disease; mother died of spinal trouble.'' 
 
 c. HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA. 
 
 A form of chorea that leads to dementia. This disease well 
 illustrates the method of inheritance of a dominant trait, since it 
 never "skips a generation." 
 
 RECORD OF A CASE OF HUNTINGTON's CHOREA (Fig. 1-i). 
 BY DR. E. B. MUNCEY. 
 
 Elizabeth P. I, 1 (5th generation from S. B. and R. F.) was born 
 1822 in C , Onondaga County, N. Y. Married A. K. C, I, 2. They 
 
 ' Or© 
 
 I 2 
 
 III 
 
 IV 
 
 f^ 
 
 (^, 
 
 Fig. 14. 
 
 lived in \\ B. New York for several years and later removed to G. 
 She had chorea badly before death. 
 
 They had two children, H, 1, and P. C, H, 2, both suffered with 
 chorea in a pronounced form. The history of Philo, H, 1, is not known. 
 
 P. C, n, 2, lived in M. where she married S. W., H, 3. They had 
 two children. 
 
 E. W., HI, 1, and her father lived in G. where she carried on 
 dressmaking until her choreic movements became so pronounced that 
 she was obliged to give it up. After this she became rapidly worse 
 and died a few years ago (date uncertain) from exhaustation due to 
 constant muscular movements. Her mind was seriously impaired. 
 She died unmarried. 
 
 E. W. was aft'ected earlier in life than her sister; onset between 
 25 and 30 years, soon after the birth of her baby. She married a man 
 named M., and removed from G. Their daughter E. M. was choreic 
 
74 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No, 7. 
 
 from birth. As they left G. when she was a small child further history 
 was unavailable. 
 
 X. RECORDS OF THE CRIMINALISTIC. 
 
 Studies already made suffice to indicate that in many crimes the 
 act is a result of mental condition which is inherited. This is par- 
 ticularly true of crimes against chasity, drunkenness, incorrigibility, 
 truancy, vagrancy, crimes against the person, arson, larceny, and 
 malicious mischief of the grosser sorts. The study of the family his- 
 tory frequently enables a judgment to be drawn as to the relative 
 importance of a bad environment and a bad nervous constitution in 
 these cases. In criminal trials of the future it is certain that more 
 consideration will be given to hereditary tendencies for wdiose posses- 
 sion the individual is clearly not responsible. 
 
 HISTORY OF A CRIMIXAUSTIC FAMILY IX 
 NARRATIVE FORM. 
 
 DATA FURNISHED BY MRS. MARY DRAXGA, KINDNESS OF DR. W, M. IIEALY 
 
 (Fig. 15). 
 
 A robust locomotive fireman now 68 years old who uses no alcohol 
 or tobacco, and of whose antecedents nothing is known, married, many 
 years ago, 11,2, a woman who was born in the mountains of West 
 Virginia, near the Kentucky line. Though illiterate, this woman is 
 physically well developed, fine looking, clean, and a hard worker. 
 She has, however certain clear mental defects. She is subject to 
 headaches on both sides of the head, accompanied with nausea, so 
 that she must sometimes keep to her bed for a week. She has also 
 fainting spells in which she shakes and falls down, sometimes bruising 
 herself. Her eyeballs roll up, she can recall nothing about the spasm 
 after it is over, but gets up, and goes to work, though with a sleepy 
 feeling. She has 2 or 3 of these spells each week and has had them for 
 a long time. She uses tobacco and alcohol in considerable amount and 
 has the reputation of using morphine. Her temper is at times violent 
 and she has been brought to court for abusing her daughter Ella. 
 She steals from houses where she w^orks. Finally, she was a harlot 
 before her marriage while in West Virginia, and since her marriage 
 cannot keep away from men. She has had 10 children by her husband ; 
 the biography of some of them has been ascertained. 
 
The Family-History Book. 75 
 
 III. 1. This son killed two men in W. of whom one was a 
 policeman. His sister Ella informed on him, but he got off with slight 
 penalty. Ella has been obliged to avoid her brother since. 
 
 Ill, 4 is the next daughter. She lives in West Virginia, has been 
 married twice and has three children. While living with her second 
 husband she had a paramour. In collusion with her, he shot her hus- 
 band in the head, killing him. and she now lives with this murderer, 
 whom she freed from the law by false witnesses. 
 
 □=tO 
 
 0=T<£> 
 
 Fig. 15. 
 
 Ill, 6 is a man of 21 years. He is sickly, and, like his mother, 
 an inveterate user of tobacco, and liable to fainting spells which are 
 doubtless epileptic in nature. 
 
 Ill, 8 is a woman of good reputation, has been married 8 years, 
 is childless, lives in Virginia. 
 
 Ill, 9, 10 are two sons of whom nothing is known. 
 
 Ill, 12 is a young woman not quite 17 years old. She was born in 
 West Virginia but since the age of 11 has lived in Iowa. Her general 
 physical condition is good, she has regular features and a pleasant 
 square face. She was at school for 6 years and left in the fifth grade, 
 but her slow progress is to be explained in part by interruptions. 
 There is clear evidence of serious nervous trouble. She has always 
 been nervous and afraid in her sleep. When 15 years old she had an 
 hysterical attack, following a slight scare, and, in consequence spent a 
 month in a hospital. A little later she married III, 11, giving her age 
 as 18 instead of 16. After living with her husband for two months 
 he sent her to Chicago. She has had two spasms since her marriage. 
 Letters from her home stated that her husband sent her away because 
 he found her with a man. 
 
 Ill, 11 is unable to write his name or to figure. He works in the 
 round house of the railroad, where he was once shot at. His mother 
 lives with a man to whom she is not married. 
 
7G 
 
 Eugenics Record Ofeice, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Ill, 13 is a son, nothing known about him. 
 
 Ill, 14 is a son who died at 13 years. Had St. Vitus' dance and 
 heart trouble. 
 
 Ill, 15, 13 years old. Has bad headaches with nausea, so that she 
 has to go to bed for a day or two. 
 
 XI. RECORDS OF SEX OFFENSE. 
 
 The problem of prostitution in our cities cannot be solved by 
 visiting brothels and making inquiries of the inmates, on the assumption 
 that they are quite like other people excepting that they are the victims 
 of an unfortunate environment. It is necessary to make a psycho- 
 logical analysis of the prostitute's fraternity and that of her father 
 and mother. It appears at once that her traits were born with her — 
 are in her blood. 
 
 The following is a schedule of inquiries that should, at the discre- 
 tion of the field worker, be made. 
 
 Persoxal History 
 
 Date of birth 
 
 Place of birth 
 
 Nature of early surroundings : 
 
 urban, rural, etc. 
 Care bv mother, bv sisters, bv 
 
 brothers, by servants. 
 
 Economic History 
 
 Sexual History 
 
 First sex feelings ; age, nature 
 Growth of sex knowledge 
 Masturbation, if any ; history. 
 Onset of menstruation; age, 
 
 symptoms 
 History of relations with men; 
 with conditions leading to 
 them and details that throw 
 light on the psychical condi- 
 tion of each of the pair. 
 
 Physical Traits 
 
 Present height 
 
 Present w^eight 
 
 General facial appearance, as to 
 beauty and intelligence. 
 
 Eye color 
 
 Hair color 
 
 General mental ability — Binet 
 test 
 
 Appreciation of cause and effect 
 
 Appreciation of consequences of 
 sex act 
 
 Foresight 
 
 Attitude toward social infamy 
 
 Love of amusement and excite- 
 ment 
 
 Vivacity 
 
 Love of display 
 
 Vanity ; desire to be noticed 
 
 Curiosity 
 
The Family-History Book. 
 
 77 
 
 Appetites for alcohol ; for nar- 
 cotics 
 
 Industry or idleness 
 
 Modesty — sensitiveness to expo- 
 sure unclad 
 
 Self respect 
 
 Sex Impulse 
 Tendency to fall in love 
 Strength of desire 
 Indulgence in erotic imagination 
 Strength of inhibitions 
 Desire for exclusive and perma- 
 nent possession 
 
 Degree of Pleasure Derived 
 Through Sense of: 
 
 Touch, particularly of persons. 
 Taste (Idiosyncrasies of). 
 Color. Music. Smell (per- 
 sonal odors; perfumes) 
 
 Appreciation of Ideas of : 
 
 Sex-immorality, virtue, purity, 
 
 chastity 
 Self control 
 Public opinion 
 Truth, honesty, kindness (to 
 
 children and animals) 
 Trustworthiness and reliability 
 
 Liability to Other Anti- 
 Social Acts 
 
 FAMILY HISTORY OF AX INMATE OF A GIRLS' HOME 
 
 (Fig. 16). 
 
 BY WINIFRED HATHAWAY. 
 
 The Patient, IV, 1, b. Nov. — , 1893, East Boston, Mass. Parents 
 American, Protestant, early environment unfavorable. Father: feeble- 
 minded, immoral, alcoholic, abusive to the children; mother: young, 
 very immoral, worked part time in a store and left the children alone 
 all day. Home poor and neglected, in a bad section of the city. 
 Patient born at full term when mother was less than 1 5 years old. 
 From childhood she would do anything to attract attention to herself. 
 For instance, when "Jack the Snipper" was cutting the hair of girls 
 in the streets, the patient caused a sensation by cutting off her own 
 hair. She hid it, invented a thrillins: storv of her encounter with the 
 vandal, was delighted when brought to court, and confessed only 
 when confronted with hair which had been found. She was fairly 
 good at school, reached the eighth grade, but never cared for study. 
 She was untrustworthy, wilful, quick-tempered, crazy over boys ; 
 admits she began to have immoral relations at 9 years of age and 
 cannot recall that she ever had any sense of modesty. When she was 
 about 14 years old, her mother left her husband, took the children 
 with her and moved to a house near the Charleston Navy Yard. The 
 
78 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Buli^etin No. 7. 
 
 patient visited the yard with a companion and, subsequently, under 
 pretence of going to school or to church, she frequently went to the 
 Yard. She represented herself as an officer's daughter, and seems 
 to have had free access to the place at any hour of the day. The 
 companion spoken of above also introduced her to a house of ill-fame. 
 The patient thus described her Sundays : Directly after breakfast 
 she took her Bible and ostensibly started for Sundayschool. Really 
 
 Dt0 
 
 [n}-t-© 
 1 
 
 B-r<B 
 
 5 6 
 
 12 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 1» Lj 14 16 
 
 (N)6[iDt](N)666 
 
 11 12 13 14 1 5 16 17 18 
 
 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 I 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 19 20 21 22 23 24 
 
 12 3 
 
 Fig. 16. 
 
 she went to the Navy Yard, then returned for dinner, went out again, 
 ostensibly for a walk, but really to a house of ill-fame, remained until 
 late in the afternoon, returned for supper, and sometimes went in the 
 evening to the Navy Yard or to a house of ill fame. Her account of 
 her sexual life may be exaggerated to add to the sensation; but she 
 declares that she had immoral relations with at least 150 marines at the 
 Navy Yard and visited four houses of ill-fame in Boston ; she received 
 money but there is no evidence that a desire for it had any important 
 influence in leading her to these places or causing her to continue to 
 frequent them. If left a moment to herself she practices masturbation ; 
 she says she cannot keep away from men and that she feels at times 
 that she must go to the Navy Yard. 
 
The Family- History Book. 79 
 
 Her offenses soon became so flagrant that Society began to take 
 notice. In a department store where she worked, she flirted so that 
 three men lost their positions through her and she was discharged. 
 She took a young girl to the Navy Yard where they had immoral 
 relations with marines ; the friend was frightened and told someone 
 in authority so that the marines were arrested and sentenced to 2V2 
 years, while the patient herself was put under the care of the Children's 
 Aid Society; was ''placed out" by the society into a good family, but 
 her libidinous instincts soon ended this relation. Then her mother had 
 her committed to an institution for wayward girls, 1909, at the age 
 of 16 years. She was placed on parole two years later with a family 
 
 in D ; here she met two men ; was of no use in the household 
 
 and was returned. Was placed in W but was unable to do any- 
 thing without assistance ; placed out in H but ran away and was 
 
 returned to the Institution where she now is. 
 
 At present the patient is a goodlooking girl, 5' i/t" tall ; weight 
 122 lbs; has thick, dark wavy hair, (some hairs gray); dark eyes, 
 very full and large and with glasses. Hands thick and voice low and 
 pleasantly modulated. Never noisy, but listless and sentimental with a 
 dreamy superior air very irritating to the other girls. Indolent, always 
 with an excuse to offer against work ; smooth, cunning and an invet- 
 erate liar. She has gonorrhea and has deteriorated mentally. The 
 Binet test gives 11.4 years. Definitions poor, could not put dissected 
 sentences together, repeat figures or sentences or give rhymes ; can do 
 no abstract work or manual work without supervision. She has been 
 diagnosed as deficient in any moral sense, incapable of acquiring it 
 and requiring permanent custodial care. 
 
 patient's fraternity. 
 
 Sister, IV, 2, b. 1894, East Boston, Mass. A small, slender girl 
 with brown hair and eyes, rather coarse features, sallow complexion, 
 very bad teeth, forward, incapable, extremely nervous; and hysterical. 
 Graduated from the Grammar School and has been attending evening 
 High School this winter. Worked for a time at W's department store, 
 but lost her position for laughing and talking too much; is at present 
 working at H's department store. So far as known she is a moral girl. 
 
 Brother, IV, 3, b. 1898, East Boston, Mass. A very small boy 
 for his age ; light-brown hair, small blue eyes, small oval face, head 
 rather pointed, ears protruding, has suft'ered much from abscesses in 
 his neck. ^lentalitv verv eood. Graduated from the grammar school 
 
80 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 and is attending the Mechanic's Art School. Does a great deal of the 
 housework, cooks, scrubs, and is altogether very capable. At present 
 is running errands for a dressmaker after school and on Saturdays. 
 He is emotional, cries very easily, is highstrung and nervous. 
 
 PATIENTS FATHER. 
 
 III. 10. B. 1868, East Boston, ]\Iass. A slender man of medium 
 height, small head, protruding brown eyes ; has a sullen expression ; 
 and is sullen and moody in his reactions. It is reported that he had a 
 fall when a child and has been considered half-foolish since. Intoxi- 
 cants make him almost insane ; and, it is said, he has had delirium 
 tremens ; he is often called "Crazy C" ; and has never amounted to 
 anything. He boarded with a Mrs. A. and there met her daughter, 
 the patient's mother, who was not quite 14; she became pregnant by 
 him, and he was obliged to marry her. He soon began to drink heavily, 
 quarreled with and abused the members of his family, failed to sup- 
 port them, and was several times arrested for non-support ; has to pay 
 $4.50 per week toward the support of his children. He was a teamster; 
 helped for a time as school janitor and worked about wharves. Is 
 working at present for a Boston firm. 
 
 father's fraternity. 
 
 III. 1. East Boston, a short, very stout woman of excellent 
 repute and average mental ability; married a fireman of good repute. 
 They live in a good, clean tenement in a fair location. Formerly 
 wished to bring up the patient, but her mother refused. 
 
 III. 2. B. 1860, East Boston, a short, plump woman of excellent 
 repute and good mentality. Married W. N., a police officer of high 
 rank ; live in a clean, comfortable frame house. Have two children, 
 E. X. and E. F. N., of good reputation, the latter of whom is married 
 and has a somewhat backward two year old child. 
 
 III. 3. A small woman of good repute and mentality ; has two 
 children who are well spoken of. 
 
 III. 4. B. 1861, East Boston, a very stout man, brown hair and 
 eyes, features large, nose broad, bridge broken. Is janitor of School 
 
 ; has held position 20 years, is considered efficient, and is of 
 
 good repute. 
 
 HI. 5. B. , of good repute. 
 
 III. 6. E. 1S63, East Boston, d. 1868, membraneous croup. 
 
The Famii.v-IIistokv Hook. 81 
 
 III. r. 1). 18(>5, East Boston, d. 1869, infant wasting. 
 
 III. 8. B. 1807. East Boston, d. 1869, infant wasting. 
 
 III. 9. B. 1872, East Boston, a short, plump w^oman, brown eyes, 
 and hair, l)roa(l face, small features, bad teeth, mentall}' good and of 
 good reputation. 
 
 patient's fatiikr's father and his fraternity. 
 
 II. 6. B. 1836, East Boston, Mass. A very stout man only 4 
 feet tall, of excellent repute, a school janitor for 40 years. Suffered 
 from cataracts and bladder trouble, operated at hospital on eyes, anl 
 died 1912. 
 
 II. 1. B. about 1832, East Boston, was a ship rigger, fell from 
 rigging and was killed 1860. 
 
 II. 2. B. 1834, East Boston, of good repute, married, several 
 children, d. 1904 of complication of diseases. 
 
 II. 3. B. 1838, East Boston, Mass. A tall, well-built man. 
 Gray hair and beard, blue eyes ; keen kindly face ; of excellent char- 
 acter, married, five children. 
 
 II. 4. B. 1841, East Boston, Mass.; moved to California; wdien 
 young died by suicide. 
 
 II. 5. Girl, unknown. 
 
 patient's father's father's father and motpier. 
 
 I. 1. B. 1808, Boston, Mass. Was ship rigger by trade, had 
 sent son into rigging when latter fell to his death. Father never re- 
 covered from shock. His wife, 1,2, b. 1821, is reported to have been 
 of excellent character, kept her faculties, except hearing, until her 
 death. 
 
 patient's father's motiier and her fraternity. 
 
 II. 7. B. 1838 Hingham, Mass. A large-framed fleshy woman, 
 hair black, eyes brown, prominent, face and features large, good 
 mentality and reputation ; rather hard and bitter. 
 
 II. 8. B. 1836, Hingham, Mass. Was of good repute, milliner 
 by trade, suffered a long time from kidney trouble, became quite 
 childish before her death. 
 
 II. 9. B. about 1840, d. 1882 of cancer in the side. 
 
 II. 10. B. about 1842, d. 1886, Bright's disease. 
 
 II. 11. Four children, d. in infancy. 
 
82 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 patient's mother. 
 
 III. 19. B. 1878, Nova Scotia. A short, plump exceedingly 
 pretty woman, prematurely gray hair, large blue eyes, with a trick of 
 looking very child-like and innocent that is apt to lead one astray. 
 Round face, plump cheeks, good complexion, large nose, full mouth, 
 pleasant voice and manners, average intelligence, a great talker, but 
 wdiolly superficial. Very emotional and hysterical ; rather fond of 
 weeping, a hard-working woman ; a sales-woman at a large depart- 
 ment store doing house-work, washing, cooking, and sewing evenings 
 and Sundays. Is very neat in her personal appearance, cannot bear to 
 have the children wear store-made things, and the fact that the patient 
 had on prison-made shoes at the Home seemed to hurt her more than 
 all the immorality. The small tenement where she lives is fairly clean, 
 the home always quiet ; she represents herself to be a widow. She is 
 reported always to have been a sensual girl, attracted the attention of 
 men wherever she went. Her mother kept a boarding house in East 
 Boston, and the girl was around the boarders a great deal. When she 
 was 13 years old her mother went to Nova Scotia, leaving her at the 
 boarding house. She is reported to have been very intimate with the 
 boarders and when her mother returned she was found to be pregnant. 
 She declared at first that her father was responsible for the child, but 
 admitted that she had relations with HI, 10, and asserted that he was 
 the father ; finally he married her, before the patient was born. As 
 the children grew up they ran the streets ; each parent reproached the 
 other for immorality and though III, 19 pretended to be shocked 
 at the patient's life, it in part reflected her own. Since her separation 
 
 from her husband, she has received a man by the name of J who 
 
 stays all night. She is said to have bragged about him among the 
 shop girls as her "conquest." 
 
 patient's mother's fraternity. 
 
 III. 20. A very large strong man, who is a teamster. Has 
 been very immoral but seems to have settled down with his wife 
 (A B) whom he was forced to marry. They live with his mother 
 in a good, clean tenement, and have four children. 
 
 HI. 21, 22. Two boys died at about 2 years of age of diphtheria. 
 
 III. 23. Boy, died infancy of cholera infantum. 
 
 III. 24. B. 1886, East Boston, Mass. A large, very healthy 
 man, of good mentality, considered the best in the family; but his 
 marriage said to have been a ''forced" one. He has two young children. 
 
The Family-History Book. 83 
 
 patient's mother's father. 
 
 II. 15. B. 1856, Nova Scotia. A very small man, weighing 76 
 lbs. Has always been very hardworking and much brow-beaten, and 
 never a very successful man. He did night work in a sugar refinery 
 for 30 years, never getting more than $10 a week. He watched the 
 vats and had to keep in a bending position most of the time and to this 
 position and tobacco are ascribed the cancer of the buccal cavity from 
 which he suffers. He had an operation in which the growth was 
 removed but there is no hope of recovery ; meanwhile the company 
 continues his salary. It is reported that his wife treated him cruelly, 
 making him do the family washing when he returned from the night's 
 work, striking him on the head and abraiding the skin with a rolling 
 pin, providing him with insufficient food. His marriage was forced 
 for his wife was pregnant by him before her marriage. 
 
 HIS FRATERNITY. 
 
 II. 12. B. 1850, Nova Scotia, said to be living in Laurence 
 \'alley, N. Y. ; married. 
 
 II. 14. B. 1851, Nova Scotia. A short, rather stout woman. Has 
 brown eyes and hair, wrinkled skin, no teeth, and most peculiar traits. 
 She is very blunt and outspoken; nervous, excitable and subject to 
 fits of nervous hysterics, when she will cry for days at a time. Is 
 considered mentally lacking by the neighbors ; became so peculiar after 
 the menopause that the family feared insanity ; is said to have a 
 violent temper. She looks ill and wild and appears almost foolish at 
 times. Has a horror of seeing people ; will not open the door. Three 
 visits of the field worker were unsuccessful but on the fourth she was 
 admitted and treated kindly. II, 14 said she had seen the field worker 
 each time, and finally decided it must be something important ; the 
 information asked for w^as given willingly and in a clear concise 
 manner. She married II, 13, b. about 1858, in Nova Scotia, a large 
 very kind man with gray hair and moustache, blue eyes with a cataract, 
 very large nose and the appearance of general moral and mental nor- 
 mality. They have 8 children, III, 11-18. 
 
 III. 11. B. 1871, of good repute, married to E. C, a daughter 
 b. 1907, Somerville, Mass. 
 
 III. 12. B. 1875. A very short, slender woman, dark-brown 
 hair and eyes, a small thin face. Has tuberculosis of the throat, but 
 has improved in a sanitarium. Is nervous and high strung, but has 
 good control of herself. Married N. B., a Jew, much against her 
 
S4: Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 parents' wishes. They Hve in a good clean apartment. She is a dress- 
 maker, of average intelHgence and good repute. 
 
 III. 13. B. 1877, G , d. 1879, measles and lung disease. 
 
 III. 14. B. 1879, G , d. 1884, fell from wharf and was 
 
 drowned. 
 
 III. 15. B. 1884, G , a very small excitable woman; cries 
 
 for days at a time. Is now in a sanitarium for nervous diseases. 
 Married T. J. a drummer. They have a comfortable home in L. 
 
 III. 16. B. 1886, in the town of G . A small slight, quick, 
 
 active woman with brown eyes and hair, small face and features. 
 Has always suffered from epileptic fits ; but these do not seem to have 
 affected her mentally. It is said she had 14 attacks the day her child 
 was born. She married E. K., twice her age, a tall slight man with 
 very gray hair, gray eyes, thin face, sharp features, who looks ill. 
 They live in a well-kept tenement in a good section. 
 
 III. 16. B. 1886, small, slight woman; brown eyes and hair. 
 Epileptic. Quick and active. 
 
 III. 17. B. 1890, d. 1892, food did not agree with her. 
 
 III. 18. B. 1894, a very large boy about 6 feet tall, weight 197 
 lbs. Brown eyes and hair. Full, round face, large features, average 
 mentality ; electrician, was mixed in an assault on a young girl, but 
 was acquitted. 
 
 patient's mother's father's father and mother. 
 
 I. 3. B. 1822, Nova Scotia, drowned at sea, 1882. Married 
 I, 4, b. 1824 Nova Scotia; was subject to epileptic fits, which often 
 succeeded each other rapidly. Was of good repute and preserved her 
 mentality till her death at 80 years of cancer of the stomach. 
 
 patient's mother's mother and her fraternity. 
 
 II. 16. B. 1858 Nova Scotia. A tall, heavy woman with light 
 hair, blue eyes, and large face with very hard expression. Dressed 
 very well and lives in a good tenement ; is reported to have been 
 sensual and immoral like her daughter and granddaughter (whom she 
 bitterly denounces) and to have been most cruel to her husband. 
 
 II. 17. Two males said to have been normal, respectable. 
 
 II. 18. Two females of whom little is known. 
 
 11. 19. Two females immoral, and one of these feebleminded. 
 
 II. 20. Female said to be of good repute. 
 
II. 
 
 •-?]. 
 
 II. 
 
 oo 
 
 II. 
 
 •23. 
 
 The F.vmii.v-Histokv Book. 85 
 
 Female died in infancy. 
 
 Three males of whom nothiner is known. 
 
 Two males died in infancy. 
 
 patient's mother's mother's father. 
 
 I. 5. B. 1822, Xova Scotia. A man of very bad repute, grossly 
 immoral ; is living in Xova Scotia. Has 3 children. 
 
 patient's mother's mother's mother. 
 
 I. 6. B. 182T, X. S. A woman of bad repute. Is reported to 
 have kept a notorious house in Liverpool, X. S. Her husband was so 
 immoral that she left him and came to Boston. Here she was a nurse 
 for many years and seems to have had a very good reputation for 
 morality. She is described as having been lightheaded, very imagina- 
 tive, and not always quite responsible. 
 
 XII. THE STUDY OF HUMAN HEREDITY*. 
 
 MctJwds of Collecting, Charting a)id Aiialycing Data. 
 
 BY davenport. GODDARD, JOHNSTONE, LAUGHLIN, WEEKS. 
 
 The following methods are in use at the Eugenics Record Office 
 at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, The New Jersey State X'illage 
 for Epileptics, at Skillman, and The Training School for Backward 
 and Feeble-Blinded Children, at \'ineland, Xew Jersey. 
 
 1. THE FIELD WORKER. 
 
 For many years the better organized Hospitals and Institutions 
 for defectives have kept family histories of the patients. The infor- 
 mation obtained from application blanks, physicians' examinations and 
 replies received from letters sent to relatives and physicians have been 
 compiled and tabulated and deductions have been drawn from them. 
 But it has for some time been apparent that such family histories are 
 far from satisfactory and that a better way to get at the method of 
 inheritance of epilepsy, feeble-mindedness and the various forms of 
 insanity and criminality is by means of a field worker, v>ho goes to the 
 homes and interviews persons that can and will give the desired 
 information. 
 
 ♦Reprinted from Eugenics Record Office: Bulletin No. 2. 
 
86 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Besides the research work, the field worker performs many of the 
 services that usually fall under the head of purely social worker. In 
 many cases patients who have not heard from friends or relatives in 
 years are brightened by the visit of the field worker and look forward 
 to her return in the hope that she may bring them news of their friends. 
 Discharged patients are visited by the field worker whenever possible 
 in order to keep the Institution in touch with them. Her visits to 
 relatives, physicians and others establish a friendly feeling toward, 
 and an intelligent understanding of, the Institution and its work. 
 
 When connected with an Institution, the field worker (who for 
 the purposes of many studies is preferably a woman) first learns all 
 she can about the patient from the material at the office, such as corre- 
 spondence, application blanks, records of medical and psychological 
 examinations. Addresses of friends and relatives and other informa- 
 tion that may be helpful in locating them is recorded and put in form 
 for the worker to take with her. Just before starting out to visit the 
 relatives and friends, the field worker visits the patient in his ward 
 or cottage. This is done in the manner of a friendly visit. She learns 
 from the patient all that he or she can tell about the friends and 
 relatives, especially with reference to their addresses, etc. The patients 
 enjoy these visits, and are often able to give very useful information. 
 
 Everything now being ready for the visit to the home, the field 
 worker, armed with recent personal knowledge of the patient, which 
 assures her cordial welcome, visits the home and interviews the rela- 
 tives, friends and family physician. To secure satisfactory results, 
 sympathetic and confidential relations must always be maintained. It 
 is better to leave some details to another visit than to have relations 
 at all strained. The field worker's constant endeavor must be to 
 establish a feeling between the family and Institution that will assure 
 her of a welcome at any time with kindly cooperation, and to this end 
 she sacrifices minor details that would naturally come on return visits. 
 The field worker endeavors to see as many relatives as possible. In 
 this way facts omitted or overlooked by one are often recalled and told 
 in full detail by another, and by this means information already 
 obtained is confirmed. Every additional interview is sure to reveal 
 new facts. 
 
 Addresses of relatives who live in other sections are recorded 
 to be used later by an investigator in that section. References to foreign 
 countries are also kept, with the town, and wherever possible, the 
 -street address. In the case of foreign born parents, an endeavor is 
 
The Familv-Histokv Book. 87 
 
 made to obtain data relative to the time of immigration, the town 
 from which they came, and other information that may be useful. 
 
 Whenever the field worker learns of any defectives who need 
 Institutional care, their names and addresses are obtained, and filed 
 with the other material. By this means useful information is available 
 when application is made for admission to Institutions. 
 
 As collected, the data are carefully recorded, and the pedigree 
 chart made of the family. This is then put in permanent form on a 
 sheet of white paper 8 x IOV2 inches, with such notes and symbols as 
 have been adopted to designate certain traits. A full description, with 
 all details, is typewritten and filed with the chart. 
 
 2. THE CHART (Plate I). 
 
 The plan of charting adopted is based on the decisions of a com- 
 mittee of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble- 
 IMinded held at Lincoln, Illinois, in 1910. This committee consisted 
 of Supt. E. R. Johnstone and Dr. H. H. Goddard, of Vineland, 
 N. J. ; and Drs. A. C. Rogers, of Faribault, Minn., Wm. Healy of 
 Chicago, 111., Wm. T. Shanahan of Sonyea, N. Y., and David F. 
 Weeks of Skillman, N. J. 
 
 The system is a rectangular one, the symbols for the individuals 
 (individual symbols) of a fraternity (full brothers and sisters) being 
 on the same horizontal line, with each later generation placed below 
 the next earlier. Male individuals are indicated by squares, females 
 by circles, suspended by vertical lines (indizidiial lines) from the 
 horizontal line. ^Members of one fraternity are connected by the same 
 horizontal line. The rank of birth in the fraternity is indicated by a 
 serial number placed immediately above the fraternity line. When 
 the sex is unknown the square or circle is omitted from the end of the 
 individual line. The fraternity line is connected by a vertical line 
 (descent line) to a line joining the symbols of father and mother 
 (mating line). The mating line may be a short horizontal one or 
 oblique, passing from one consort to the other as emergencies of space 
 decide. Dotted mating lines are used for illegal unions. When a 
 marriage of one of the individuals of a fraternity who occupies a 
 middle position in the series is to be represented, the consort is placed 
 below and to the right or left of the circle or square and joined to it 
 by an oblique line from which is dropped a descent line meeting the 
 fraternity line. In the case of illegitimate children, the descent line 
 is dotted. 
 
88 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 For purposes of reference from description to chart each sheet 
 of a pedigree is numbered serially with Arabic numerals. On each 
 sheet the generations are numbered serially at the left margin with 
 Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.) beginning with the oldest generation. 
 In each generation each individual symbol is numbered with Arabic 
 numerals from left to right. In the text reference is made to an 
 individual on the chart by sheet, generation and individual number. 
 Thus 1, II, 17 means the first sheet, II generation, 17th individual 
 symbol from the left. For the sake of uniformity in charting the 
 families, the paternal side of the family is placed at the left of the 
 chart, the maternal side at the right. 
 
 (For display charts. As a matter of convenience and as an aid 
 in tracing the patient's immediate family, showing at a glance the lines 
 of paternal and maternal descent of the defect, the descent line con- 
 necting the paternal side may be made green. Red may be used for 
 the lines connecting the individuals on the maternal side. That the 
 patient's symbol may stand out more prominently and make the read- 
 ing of the chart easier, the fraternity to which he or she belongs may 
 be dropped below the others.) 
 
 Besides the lines and individual symbols a nomenclature is used 
 that gives in brief much information for the interpretation of the 
 chart. The following capital letters are used inside or around the 
 individual svmbols as follows : 
 
 A 
 
 alcoholic, decidedly intem- M migrainous. 
 
 
 perate, 
 
 N normal, 
 
 B 
 
 blind, 
 
 Ne neurotic. 
 
 C 
 
 criminalistic, 
 
 P paralytic. 
 
 D 
 
 deaf. 
 
 S syphilitic, 
 
 E 
 
 epileptic, 
 
 Sx sexually immoral, 
 
 F 
 
 feeble-minded, 
 
 T tubercular, 
 
 G 
 
 gonorrheal, 
 
 W vagrant (tramp, confirmed 
 
 I 
 
 insane, 
 
 runaway). 
 
 An index hand points to the individual whose heredity is being 
 studied. 
 
 A line under a symbol indicates that this individual is or has been 
 an inmate of some Institution. 
 
 A small black disc at the end of an individual line indicates a 
 still-birth or miscarriage. 
 
The Famii.v-History Book. 39 
 
 \\'hcii the individual is the sul)ject of several defects or diseases, 
 the additional letters are arranged around the individual symbol. 
 Symbols for traits that are not designated above are written beneath 
 the individual symbol. When no letter accompanies the individual 
 symbol it means that no definite data had been secured at the time the 
 chart was made. The trait — alcoholism, criminality, deafness, epilepsy, 
 feeble-mindedness, insanity, etc. — which the field worker is chiefly 
 studying may be called the primary trait for the chart or pedigree. 
 An individual showing the primary trait is represented by a solid 
 symbol, printed (if desired) in color with the corresponding letter 
 intaglio.' These symbols are shown in full size in plate V. 
 
 In studies on insanity it is suggested that qualifying lower case 
 letters, used singly or in combination, should, whenever possible, be 
 added to the letter I, e. g. : 
 
 a alcoholic insanity, 
 
 d dementia prsecox, 
 
 g general paralysis of the insane, 
 
 m manic depressive insanity, 
 
 p paranoia, 
 
 s senile dementia, 
 
 t traumatic insanity. 
 
 On the pedigree chart, b stands for born; m, for married; t or d, 
 for dead or died; t (or d) inf. means died at or before two years of 
 age; ^ (^) young, means died before the age when the trait normally 
 develops or is detectable ; e. g., with feeble-mindedness before six 
 years ; with epilepsy before fourteen ; with insanity before twenty. 
 
 In case other traits or causes of death are given on the chart 
 they may be abbreviated as follows : 
 
 bd Bright's disease, cc eccentricity, 
 
 ca cancer, en encephalitis, 
 
 cb childbirth, go goitre, 
 
 (7/ chorea. gp general paralysis of the in- 
 cr cripple. sane, 
 
 (if deformed. hy hysteria. 
 
 dp dementia pr?ecox, id ill defined organic disease, 
 
 dt delirium tremens, kd kidney disease, 
 
 dy dropsy, la locomotor ataxia. 
 
 ^ Red is being: used for epilepsy, green for insanity, violet for criminality, 
 black for feeble-mindedness. "When the individual does not show the primary 
 trait or associated secondary trait he is marked "N," but this does not neces- 
 sarily mean that he is normal in all respects. 
 
90 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 md manic depressive insanity, sco scoliosis, ' 
 
 up neuropathic condition, sd senile dementia, 
 
 obs obesity, su suicide, 
 
 pa paranoia, i^a varices, varicose veins, 
 
 pn pneumonia, ^'^ vertigo, 
 
 sh shiftlessness, x unknown, 
 
 sm simple meningitis, F implies doubt. 
 sb softening of the brain, 
 
 When preceded by a t (or d) the term indicates the cause of death. 
 
 In making the charts rubber stamps may be used to advantage. 
 Standard sizes of these may be obtained from Lewis F. Walton, 12 
 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. Other lettering may be done with 
 a typewriter. (Plates III, IV.) 
 
 • 3. THE DESCRIPTION. 
 
 The fidl description of an individual, as herein contemplated, 
 comprises the following thirteen points. It is obtained for each person 
 in the family so far as practicable. 
 
 1. Name (maiden name of all married women; method of spell- 
 ing surname preferred by the family to be ascertained and used. First 
 time field w^orker uses a surname in her report it is to be written in 
 Gothic capital letters, e. g., dE BOW)- 
 
 2. Sex, if not sufficiently indicated by name (Frances, Francis; 
 Jessie, Jesse; Marion, Marian; etc., frequently confused). 
 
 3. Date of birth. (This gives order of birth, age at time of 
 interview, age at death, if dead, etc. Should be accurate to the month. 
 Useful for reference to town and vital records.) 
 
 4. Place of birth. (Tells at least where mother was at given 
 date and probably locates entire family; frequently assists in helping 
 to connect with related families in same general locality; locates 
 town where birth records may be sought.) 
 
 5. If dead, date of death or age at death approximatey. (Essen- 
 tial in getting proportions of affected among those who reach the 
 age of incidence.) 
 
 6. Cause of death. (Get the best diagnosis possible, inquiring 
 of family physician where practicable and learn if any autopsy was 
 performed. So far as possible use the terms employed in "Causes of 
 Sickness and Death," United States Census Bureau, 1910. Field 
 workers should study this list. Xote directions given in paragraph 
 
The Famii,v-1 lisTORY Book. 91 
 
 below entitled "Description of Traits and Causes of Sickness and 
 Death.") 
 
 7. Place of death. (Useful in comparison with town and vital 
 records.) 
 
 8. If immigrant, date of immigration (steamship and port of 
 entry where possible). 
 
 9. Mental and physical condition of each person. (Note para- 
 graph, "Description of Traits and Causes of Sickness and Death.") 
 
 10. If married, a description with full name of consort, or of 
 consorts, if married more than once; of the children, and of the 
 consort's parents. 
 
 11. Occupations, whenever possible. 
 
 12. A general description of the home influences, environment 
 and education. 
 
 13. For each family, the sources of information. (Names, ad- 
 dresses and relationships of the individual who is being primarily 
 studied.) 
 
 Description of Traits and Causes of Sickness and Death. The 
 field worker naturally directs inquiries primarily toward the specific 
 trait that is being studied (herein called primary trait). But the 
 opportunity is utilized to learn of other traits that may be significantly 
 or incidentally associated with the primary trait. In describing traits, 
 the person interviewed is encouraged to talk freely while the field 
 worker records the essential points in the description. In the case 
 of the primary traits too much detail can hardly be obtained, and 
 even in the associated traits she is not to be satisfied with vague terms 
 if details can be obtained. N. B. Experience indicate that it is not 
 desirable for the field worker to use a printed form in her interviews. 
 
 Such vague terms, to be used only when further details cannot 
 be obtained are: abscess, without cause or location; accident: decline, 
 without naming disease ; cancer, without specifying organ first afifected ; 
 con^^estion, without naming organ affected; convidsions, without de- 
 tails and period of life; fever; heart trouble and heart failure; in- 
 sanity, without details (when possible distinguish alcoholic psychoses, 
 progressive or general paralysis, senile dementia, softening of the 
 brain, on the one hand, and such forms as manic-depressive insanity, 
 melancholia, paranoia, dementia praecox, on the other) ; kidney trouble; 
 lung trouble; marasmus; stomach trouble. The following data are 
 considered especially valuable as symptoms, and should at the judg- 
 ment of the field worker be made the subject of inquiry: alcoholism. 
 
92 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 venereal disease (including gonorrhea and syphilis), sexual immorality, 
 masturbation, St. A'itus' dance or chorea, and sick headaches. 
 
 The term "normal" should be used only to indicate that, in respect 
 to the primary traits the individual is believed on trustworthy evidence 
 to be like most people. Normal is not to be applied to persons simply 
 because nothing is known to the contrary. 
 
 Limits to Pedigree. How far among collaterals is it desirable to 
 extend the pedigree ? This depends on the nature of the primary trait. 
 If, as in the case of most defects, it is due to the absence of a quality 
 essential to normal development then it will be desirable to learn at 
 least of the direct ancestors as far back as possible ; the fraternities 
 to which the parents belong ; the offspring of all members of such 
 fraternities and the parents of each consort when there are children. 
 Likewise, each of the members of the four grand parental fraternities, 
 their consorts and their children, their children's consorts and the 
 children's children. If the patient has brothers and sisters these to- 
 gether with the patient are studied with the greatest possible care ; 
 also their consorts and children, if any. 
 
 If the trait is one that never appears in the children unless one 
 parent shows it, then it is desirable to carry back the direct line as 
 far as possible and less attention need be paid to the descendants of 
 certainly normal collaterals beyond what is necessary to establish with 
 certainty the law of inheritance. 
 
 4. METHODS OF ANALYSIS. 
 
 A brief statement of the Mendelian rides of heredity. So many 
 traits are inherited in accordance with the Mendelian rules that a 
 brief statement of them is appended. But the field worker is warned 
 against being so prejudiced by these rules that her, or his, judgment 
 is warped. The exact facts are to be sought; their interpretation 
 must come later. So far as possible all statements should be verified. 
 In general a statement may be regarded as verified when made by a 
 second, independent witness. 
 
 With this caution in mind the Mendelian rules will be found 
 useful in directing the field worker in her inquiries. First, it is mi- 
 portant to disabuse the mind of the popular error that traits are in- 
 herited from ancestors. Strictly, traits are not inherited at all ; what 
 is inherited is a condition of the reproductive or germ cells which 
 determines the development of the trait — the trait depends on the 
 presence or absence of a determiner in the germ cells. 
 
The Famii-v-11istory Book, 93 
 
 Some defects that the field worker will study, such as albinism 
 and feeble-mindedness, are known as recessive defects, i. e., they are 
 defects due to the absence of the determiner making for normality 
 in respect to these traits. Other defects, such as cataract and brachy- 
 dactylism, are dominant defects, which means that they are due to the 
 presence of some germinal determiner in addition to all the determiners 
 for normality in respect to these characteristics. Thus, in respect to 
 one character there are three gametic and two somatic types of 
 individuals. Somatically, the individual has or has not the defect ; 
 these are the two somatic types. Gametically the germ plasm of the 
 individual may possess alternately germ cells with and without the 
 determiner studied; an individual carrying such a germ plasm is said 
 to be simplex and somatically cannot be easily distinguished from a 
 duplex individual in which every germ cell possesses the determiner 
 in question. The third gametic type is said to be nulliplex in which 
 none of the germ cells possess the determiner in question. There 
 are thus six types of gametic matings in reference to a single char- 
 acter ; these types may be expressed as follows : 
 
 Type 1. (D + D) X (D + D) = 4 DD 
 
 " 2. (D + D) X (D + R) -=2DD + 2DR 
 
 '' 3. (D + D) X (R + R) =4DR 
 
 - 4. (D-f R) X (D + R) =DD + 2DR + RR 
 
 " 0. (D + D) X (R + R) =2DR-f 2RR 
 
 '' 6. (R + R) X (R + R) =4RR 
 
 D stands for the determiner for the trait studied and R stands for 
 its absence. 
 
 The field worker must understand that research, seeking to un- 
 ravel the laws of inheritance must work out the gametic nature of 
 each individual studied, hence the necessity of extending the pedigree 
 to all ancestors with collaterals, descendants and consorts of all individ- 
 uals the make-up of whose germ plasm it is desired to understand. 
 For example, by hypothesis, feeble-mindedness is for the most part 
 a recessive trait and the hypothesis must be tested as follows : The 
 field worker finds a person suffering from feeble-mindedness, a 
 descendant of two normal parents — by hypothesis both of these parents 
 are simplex; the field worker must understand that each parent will 
 probably have somewhere in his or her ancestry a feeble-minded 
 person and it is the business of the field worker to make a special 
 search for such person or persons in the pedigree. 
 
94 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Criticism of an actual pedigree reported by a field zvorker. (Plate 
 II.) This study begins with the epileptic boy III — 7. The principal 
 thing, of course, is to describe accurately all of the brothers and 
 sisters of the affected person, they, being produced by the union of the 
 same two germ plasms, will throw light on the make-up of such germ 
 plasm. The pedigree is to be criticised from this standpoint. More 
 information should be got concerning III — G, 8 and 9. The field worker 
 at once notes that the mating II — 5 and G is the most important one 
 to be studied in that this mating produced the fraternity just de- 
 scribed. The father, described as feeble-minded, should form the 
 basis of an extended study. It is noted that his parents died at an 
 old age but nothing further is known of either of them. If possible, 
 they should be proven to be either normal or nervously affected. 
 If normal, then it will be a profitable expenditure of time to search 
 the ancestry and complete fraternities of each for aft"ected individuals, 
 in order thoroughly to test the hypothesis in this mating. Likewise 
 the mating I — 1 and 2 should be studied with a view to determining 
 the nature of I — 2 ; it is apparent that if I — 2 is normal all of his 
 five children should also be normal, and if they were so it would not 
 be profitable to spend very much time in tracing further his blood. 
 The fraternities II — 1 to 5 and II — G to 12 should be more thoroughly 
 studied in that a detailed knowledge of each will throw light on the 
 nature of the germ plasm producing II — 5 and 6. More should also 
 be known concerning the consort of II — 7 and her ''blood," inasmuch 
 as this mating was productive of abnormal offspring. The other 
 consorts of the II generation are not so important, if on investigation 
 the offspring prove all to be normal. Likewise the consorts of III are 
 not so important because their children are all very young; however, 
 for study a few years hence it would be highly desirable to have these 
 persons accurately described, and such description should be made if 
 the requisite information can be secured without too great an expendi- 
 ture of time. 
 
 In this pedigree the field worker has charted the males to the 
 right and the females to the left; this should be reversed for the 
 sake of uniformity of practice. Indicate the year of birth on the 
 pedigree only in the case of young children. This pedigree contains 
 few persons marked (N), normal. It is highly desirable that every 
 person studied should be so thoroughly described that he or she can 
 either be safely marked (N) or given a proper mark designating the 
 type of abnormality possessed. 
 
The I'^AMav-llisToKv Book. 95 
 
 Appendix 1. 
 
 Forms for written Description of the Chart. 
 
 A. 
 
 Name No. 
 
 Date 
 
 Source of infonnation. 
 
 a. name. b. relation to patient, c. address. 
 The patient and his home. 
 
 a. Description of the patient. 
 
 b. Neighborhood. — good, fair, bad. 
 
 c. Housing. — tenement, separate house, number of rooms' used, condition. 
 
 d. Home treatment. — good, bad, fair, neglected. 
 
 e. Number in the household. — adults, number normal, number defective; 
 
 children, number normal, number defective ; number of boarders. 
 
 f. Financial condition. — good, moderate, poor, very poor. 
 
 g. Education. — time in school, grade attended, reason for leaving. 
 
 A description of the individuals on the chart, covering the points mentioned 
 in the text (pages 90 and 91), is written up under the following headings: 
 The patient's fraternity. 
 The patient's father and his fraternity. 
 The patient's father's parents and their fraternities. 
 The patient's mother and her fraternity. 
 The patient's mother's parents and their fraternities. 
 
 B. 
 
 Suggested in the case of extended pedigrees, particularly those made inde- 
 pendently of institutions. 
 
 General statement relating to locality (exact position, topography, density 
 of population and, in rural localities, adaptability to agriculture), housing, social 
 condition, and origin. 
 
 Order of personal descriptions. Begin with earliest generation, describe 
 father, mother and all their children. Take the oldest married child (at left 
 hand end of fraternity) describe his consort and their progeny. Next describe 
 their oldest married child, his or her consort and progeny and so on, to the 
 youngest generation. Then return to the next married sib of the next to the 
 youngest fraternity already described, and give an account of his consort and 
 their children, and so continue, working from left to right until all fraternities 
 have been described. For example, in Plate I the following order is followed : 
 I, 1. 2. 3, n 1, 2, 3, H (2), 7. Ill 1; H (3), 4. HI 2, 3, 4, 5. 6. 7, 8. I 4,5. H (4) 5,6. 
 
96 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Plate I. 
 Example of a simple pedigree chart. 
 
 II 
 
 III 
 
 N 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 5^.. 6 
 
 2 3 
 
 A A 
 
 4 5 6 7 
 
 In] 'i '^ i'O '6'it 
 
The Family-History Book. 
 
 97 
 
 Plate II. 
 
98 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Buli^etin No. 7. 
 
 Plate III. 
 Hypothetical pedigree, illustrating use of symbols. 
 
 V w i n a 
 
 b-1905 b-1908 
 
 'Reform School ''Orphsui AByluma. 
 •^Home for Feeble minded Women. 
 
The Famii.y-TTtstory Book. 
 
 99 
 
 Plate IV. 
 
 Hypothetical pedigree, illustrating use of symbols. 
 
 •D-:-'Q 
 
 II 
 
 to 
 
 d- 65 
 
 2 ' 
 
 d-50 
 
 III 
 
 ffW'% 
 
 ^ 'd-.Q 
 
 t]';n ;'□';'□ 
 
 i 
 
 I I 
 
 I J 
 
 i I 
 
 I I 
 
 ti 
 
 Incest 
 I 
 
 
 I I 
 
 ■d '(t) 'a '6 \k 
 
 7^ 8^ 9. 
 
 d-18 
 tTphold. 
 fever'' 
 
 b-1885 
 
 b-189o b- b-1893 
 1891 
 
 Alms Houue. 
 
100 
 
 Eugenics Record Office, Bulletin No. 7. 
 
 Plate V. 
 KEY TO HEREDITY CHART. 
 
 Other letters used in or 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Red 
 
 Black 
 
 Green 
 
 Violet 
 
 D O 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 around the squares or cir- 
 cles are : 
 
 No Data. 
 
 Epileptic. 
 
 Feeble-minded. 
 
 Alcoholic. 
 
 Blind. 
 
 Deaf. 
 
 BO 
 
 Insane. 
 
 Criminalistic. 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 D 
 
 |^#l Migraneous. 
 
 N 
 
 Ne. 
 
 1^ Paralytic. 
 
 X Y Sexually immoral. 
 
 ^^ Syph 
 
 T 
 
 w 
 
 Normal. 
 Neurotic. 
 
 lilitic. 
 Tubercular. 
 
 Wanderer or con- 
 firmed runaway. 
 
 FIGURES. 
 
 i.\bove the line — Order in the line of birth. 
 
 Above the square or circle — Individual reference number. 
 
 Below the square or circle — Age at time of death or date of birth or death. 
 
 In squares or circles — Number of individuals of that sex. 
 
 SMALL LETTERS. 
 
 b — Born. t or (d) — ^Died or dead, 
 
 t (d) inf. — Died in infancy. m — Married. 
 
 LINES. 
 
 Solid — Connects married individuals and fraternities. 
 Dotted — Not married or illegitimate. 
 For r Green — Paternal side ) of individual under study, 
 display < Red — Maternal side ( 
 charts. Violet — Connects related charts or individuals on more than one chart. 
 
 SYMBOLS. 
 
 Shows patient at institution reporting. 
 
 Miscarriage or stillbirth. 
 
TllK FAMll-V-illSTUKV liuoK. 
 
 101 
 
 » • , ». 1 > 
 
 Plate VI. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF ABBREVIATIONS ADOPTED, 
 
 To be used zvith full face symbols. 
 
 I alcoholic insanity. 
 I J dementia precox. 
 
 (general paralysis of the insane. 
 I manic depressive insanity. 
 
 P. 
 
 I 
 
 s. 
 
 paranoia. 
 
 senile dementia. 
 
 I , traumatic insanity. 
 
 T<9 be written on chart. 
 
 bd 
 
 Bright's disease. 
 
 /(/ 
 
 locomotor ataxia. 
 
 ca 
 
 cancer. 
 
 nid 
 
 manic depressive insar 
 
 cb 
 
 childbirth. 
 
 up 
 
 neuropathic condition. 
 
 ch 
 
 chorea. 
 
 obs 
 
 obesity. 
 
 cr 
 
 cripple. 
 
 pa 
 
 paranoia. 
 
 df 
 
 deformed. 
 
 pn 
 
 pneumonia. 
 
 dp 
 
 dementia precox. 
 
 sh 
 
 shiftlessness. 
 
 dt 
 
 delirium tremens. 
 
 sm 
 
 simple meningitis. 
 
 dy 
 
 dropsy. 
 
 sb 
 
 softening of the brain. 
 
 cc 
 
 eccentricity. 
 
 SCO 
 
 scoliosis. 
 
 en 
 
 encephalitis. 
 
 sd 
 
 senile dementia. 
 
 go 
 
 goitre. 
 
 . su 
 
 suicide. 
 
 gp 
 
 general paralysis of the insane. 
 
 va 
 
 varices, varicose veins, 
 
 hy 
 
 hysteria. 
 
 ve 
 
 vertigo. 
 
 id 
 
 ill-defined organic disease. 
 
 X 
 
 unknown. 
 
 kd 
 
 kidney disease. 
 
 f 
 
 implies doubt. 
 
t 
 
American Breeders' Association — Eugenics Section 
 
 E. E. SOUTHARD, Chairman. C. B. DAVENPORT. Secretary 
 
 The Eugenics Record Office 
 
 Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y. 
 
 ESTABLISHED in October, 1910, this office aims to fill the 
 need of a clearing house for data concerning "blood lines" 
 and family traits in America. It is accumulating and studying 
 records of mental and physical characteristics of human families 
 to the end that the people may be better advised as to fit and 
 unfit matings. It issues blank schedules (sent on application) 
 for the use of those who wish to preserve a record of their family 
 histories. 
 
 The Eugenics Section and its Record Office are a develop- 
 ment from the former committee on Eugenics, comprising well- 
 known students of heredity and humanists; among others Alex- 
 ander Graham Bell, Washington, D. C; Luther Burbank, Santa 
 Rosa, Cal.; W. E. Castle, Harvard University; C. R. Henderson, 
 University of Chicago; Adolf Meyer, Johns Hopkins University; 
 J. Arthur Thomson, University of Aberdeen; H. J. Webber, Cor- 
 nell University; Frederick A. Woods, Harvard Medical School. 
 The work of the Record Office is aided by the advice of a number 
 of technical committees. Its superintendent is H. H. Laughlin, 
 Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., to whom correspondence may be 
 addressed. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS 
 
 Bulletin No. 1. Heredity of Feeblemindedness. H. H. Goddard. April, 
 
 1911. 10 cents. 
 
 Bulletin No. 2. The Study of Human Heredity. C. B. Davenport, H. H. 
 Laughlin, David F. Weeks, E. R. Johnstone, Henry H. Goddard, May, 1911. 
 10 cents. 
 
 Bulletin No. 3. Preliminary Report of a Study of Heredity in Insanity in 
 the Light of the Mendelian Laws. Gertrude L. Cannon and A. J. Rosanoff, 
 May, 1911. 10 cents. 
 
 Bulletin No. 4. A First Study of Inheritance in Epilepsy. C. B. Daven- 
 port and David F. Weeks, November, 1911. 15 cents. 
 
 Bulletin No. 5. A Study of Heredity of Insanity in the Light of the Men- 
 delian Theory. A. J. Rosanoff and Florence I. Orr, November, 1911. 10 
 cents. 
 
 Bulletin No. 6. The Trait Book. C. B. Davenport, February, 1912. 10 
 cents. 
 
 Memoir No. 1 . The Hill Folk. Report on a Rural Community of Hered- 
 itary Defectives. Florence H. Danielson and Charles B. Davenport, August, 
 
 1912. 75 cents. 
 
 Memoir No. 2. The Nam Family. A Study in Cacogenics. Arthur H. 
 E^tabrook and Charles B. Davenport, September, 1912. $1.00. 
 Record of Family Traits. Free. 
 
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